cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine

The past decade has been transformative for lung cancer patients, physicians, and scientists. The discovery of EGFR mutations that confer sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung adenocarcinomas in 2004 heralded the beginning of the era of precision medicine for lung cancer. Indeed, it precipitated concerted efforts by many investigators to define molecular subgroups of lung cancer, characterize the genomic landscape of lung cancer subtypes, identify novel therapeutic targets, and define mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies. The fruits of these efforts are visible every day now in lung cancer clinics: Patients receive molecular testing to determine whether their tumor harbors an actionable mutation, new and improved targeted therapies that can overcome resistance to first-generation drugs are in clinical trials, and drugs targeting the immune system are showing activity in patients. This extraordinary promise is tempered by the sobering fact that even the newest treatments for metastatic disease are rarely curative and are effective only in a small fraction of all patients. Ongoing and future efforts to find new vulnerabilities of lung cancers, unravel the complexity of drug resistance, increase the efficacy of immunotherapies, and perform biomarker-driven clinical trials are necessary to improve outcomes for patients with lung cancer.
The effect of feedback on young children's inappropriate word usage

This study compared the effects of three types of adult feedback (acceptance, correction with joint labelling, and correction with explanation) on young children's inappropriate word usage. Four children were visited in their homes twice a week, from the time they were between 1;1 and 1;3 until they were approximately 1;7. Differential feedback was applied by the experimenter whenever the children extended a term to referents that were inappropriate, but similar to appropriate ones. Comprehension and production probes were administered prior to, during, and following the feedback trials to assess changes in word usage over time. Results indicated that the three types of feedback varied in their relative effectiveness in facilitating a positive change in word usage. Correction with explanation was more effective than correction with joint labelling, which in turn was more effective than simple acceptance.
An integrated system for simultaneous acquisition and processing of physiologic and ultrasound data

An integrated system has been developed to acquire and analyze simultaneous physiologic and ultrasound data. Physiologic signals can be monitored in real time on a video strip chart display to allow accurate placement of pressure catheters. Simultaneous echocardiographic images and Doppler spectra synchronized with pressure data, are stored to optical disk. Doppler and hemodynamic data can be manipulated in a graphical environment, making this a highly flexible system for the implementation of sophisticated analytical algorithms. Synchronization of these data sets allows fundamental physical aspects of intracardiac blood flow to be defined and permits a more complete exploration of cardiac physiology than the analysis of either pressure or velocity data alone. >
Occurrence of paternal HLA-A/B and maternal HLA-B/DRB1 recombinants in one family

Using high resolution HLA typing, crossing over (CO) between HLA-A/B, B/DRB1, or DRB1/DPB1 loci can be identified among siblings from families with both parents or with large sibship. Locating the breaking points along the C I and II genomic regions can be estimated via SNP genotyping of the MHC region. We report the rare occurrence of two recombinant children in a single family and the application of SNP genotyping to pinpoint the CO in each. Blood specimens of 6 siblings from a HSCT family (F) were HLA-A/B/C/DRB1/DQB1/DPB1 typed by LABType (OLI), SBT (SeCore, Life Tech) and NGS (NXType on the Ion Torrent platform, OLI) methods. SNP genotyping for the six siblings was performed using the OMNIExpress-24 v1.1 to query over 713 K markers throughout the genome. Within the MHC there were 3754 SNPs covering the region between HLA-A position 29913067 and DQB1 position 32628428 a distance of 2.7 Mb. 100% concordant results were obtained from all three methods (Table 1). The 4 parental haplotypes segregated appropriately among siblings #3–6. This fact helps to determine sibling #1 and sibling #2 are paternal HLA-A & B and maternal HLA-B & DRB1 recombinants, respectively. The derivation of SNP haplotypes for the 6 siblings revealed the approximate breaking points where CO most likely have occurred for siblings 1 and 2. The actual breaking points were identified to have occurred within 700 bp in two respective regions, one centromerically to HLA-A for sibling 1 and the other centromerically to HLA-B for sibling 2. Precise break points will be discussed when analysis has been completed. Conclusion Two HLA recombinant children in family F have been identified. The probability of having the first two older children born as recombinants is (0.01) 2 (0.99) 4 when the birth order is specified. If birth order is not specified, the probability that two out of six children would be recombinants becomes N(N - 1)/2 x (0.01) 2 (0.99) 4 . N denotes number of children in any family. In our case, the probability is 15(0.01) 2 (0.99) 4 . Download full-size image
Reaping the Social Benefits of Integrated Schools: From Multiple Identity Schemes to Curriculum Strategies for Synergizing the Assets of Diverse School Composition

Following the 2007 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools (PICS), educators and school administrators are seeking ways to achieve the social and educational benefits of school diversity as outlined by the Court. Most of the focus has been placed on school admissions and composition. Yet, the PICS ruling also urges school districts to develop multifaceted and tailored methods for achieving the social benefits of school diversity. Moreover, a new nationwide study of the long-term effects of integrated schooling reveals that school diversity confers strong social benefits on students, but that those benefits are significantly undercut if relevant curricular support is absent. What curricular practices are thus needed to support the social gains of integrated schooling? In this paper, I employ a multiple identities perspective and intersectional analysis, to specify the pedagogical goals and identity formation considerations that a supplementary diversity curriculum should include if it is used to advance the social benefits of school diversity. I argue that reaping the benefits of school diversity as outlined by the Court requires a tailored supplementary curriculum that can equip students to, grapple knowledgably and creatively with the history of the group conflicts that they face at school, and to cope with and productively resolve the inner identity contradictions that such grappling can inadvertently produce.
State of Regenerative Medicine in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Practice

Musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of morbidity in our healthcare system today. The field of regenerative medicine (RM) has become an emerging treatment option in the musculoskeletal rehabilitation practice. Regenerative interventions include multiple injections prolotherapy, platelet rich plasma, autologous whole blood, hyaluronic acid, and mesenchymal stem cells. We review the highest level evidence to date in each of the aforementioned treatments. Early studies have provided encouraging results in treating a variety of injuries and conditions. Specific outcomes are variable and depend on interventions and outcome measures. RM is a rapidly expanding field, and with continued research efforts to determine mechanisms, indications, and dosing, it may become a more widely accepted treatment option.
The oxygen consumption of Crangon vulgaris (Fabricius) (Crustacea, natantia) in relation to salinity

Abstract The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the sand-living Crangon vulgaris was measured at various temperatures and salinities. Starvation was found to have no influence on resting OCR, while the active OCR was steadily decreasing. In the temperature range 0–20°C the Q10 was between 2.5 and 3.6, i. e. within the normal range for crustaceans. The OCR was compared for animals weighing 100 ± 10 mg and 200 ± 20 mg (wet weight) at various salinities at the temperatures +6, 13 and 20°C. At all temperatures OCR was found to increase at salinities lower than about 20%, and at +6 and +13°C it also increased at higher salinities, while no significant increase at higher salinities was found at +20°C. It is suggested that this OCR pattern reflects the osmo-regulatory work, as Crangon is a homoiosmotic animal with isotony in 21–23%. Only a small part of the respiratory increase is caused by higher activity at high and low salinities.
Electronic Peakers

A reliable system has been designed and built for the variable phase generation of pulses for the firing of ignitrons. These ignitrons rectify the ac output of a motor generator set for application of dc power to the main magnets of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It is now possible to shift the phase of the ignitron firing so that the current in the main magnets either increases in a linear manner (rectify mode), decreases in a linear manner (invert mode), or stays constant at any desired level (flat-top mode). In addition time interval pulses can be applied to the electronic peakers so that the main magnet current can be made to be any combination of the rectify, flat-top and invert modes. The electronic peakers have been in operation for a little over a year without a single failure.
Mapping High vs. Low Planning Knowledge in Survivors of Brain Injury

Copyright © 2015 Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment. Distinguishing the comprehension of goal-directed actions from the enactment of those actions is the mental stage of planning, which we identify as planning knowledge. This distinction allows rehabilitation efforts to utilise reading comprehension of a fictional character's plans as a possible cognitive retraining tool. Hypothesising that comprehension of physical cause and effect is relatively intact in brain injury survivors, we compared survivors with high vs. low scores on the errand-planning task for comprehension of inferences based on physical cause and effect versus planning knowledge domains. Results indicate that those survivors with high errand-planning scores formed inferences from both knowledge domains, while survivors with low errand-planning scores were unable to form knowledge-based inferences. These findings suggest that a rehabilitation focus on comprehension of actions towards a goal state may retrain survivors' skill at the mental stage of planning.
Intersubunit disulfide bridge is not required for the protective role of SP-B against lung inflammation.

Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is known to promote surfactant phospholipid film formation and reduce surface tension. Native SP-B is a homodimer in which subunit association is stabilized via covalent linkage through cysteine 48. We hypothesized that loss of the intersubunit bridge would alter SP-B function and lead to increased inflammation in response to challenge by hyperoxia or endotoxin. Transgenic mice in which SP-B cysteine 48 was mutated to serine were generated and crossed into the SP-B(−/−) background. Wild-type mice and transgenic mice carrying a single copy (SP-Bmon+) or two copies (SP-Bmon++) of the transgene were exposed to 95% O2 for 3 days or intratracheally injected with 10 μg of endotoxin. Interleukin-1β, major intrinsic protein 2, and interleukin-6 in lung homogenates after 3 days of hyperoxia were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in SP-Bmon+ mice than SP-Bmon++ or wild-type mice. At 16 h after endotoxin injection, cytokines in lung tissues were higher in SP-Bmon+ mice compared with wild-t...
Development of Immature Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at Constant Laboratory Temperatures

Immature stages of Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) were reared in natural substrate at constant temperatures of 17, 20, 23, 27, and 30°C to estimate developmental threshold temperatures ( t ) and thermal constants ( K ). Estimates of t and K values, respectively, were 9.8°C and 36.7 degree-days (egg), 10.7°C and 212.5 degree-days (larva), 10.6°C and 33.1 degree-days (pupa), and 10.5°C and 284.5 degree-days (total immature development). Survival of immatures generally was 61 to 75% and was not greatly affected by temperature. Adult flies produced were larger at lower rearing temperatures. Males were smaller than females. At a given temperature, flies that emerged earlier tended to be larger than those that emerged later. No significant differences in development time between the sexes were observed.
Chemical characterization of DNA-immobilized InAs surfaces using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure.

Single-stranded DNA immobilized on an III–V semiconductor is a potential high-sensitivity biosensor. The chemical and electronic changes occurring upon the binding of DNA to the InAs surface are essential to understanding the DNA-immobilization mechanism. In this work, the chemical properties of DNA-immobilized InAs surfaces were determined through high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Prior to DNA functionalization, HF- and NH4OH- based aqueous etches were used to remove the native oxide from the InAs surface. The initial chemical state of the surface resulting from these etches were characterized prior to functionalization. F-tagged thiolated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was used as the probe species under two different functionalization methods. The presence of DNA immobilized on the surface was confirmed from the F 1s, N 1s, and P 2p peaks in the XPS spectra. The presence of salt had a profound effect on the density of immobilized...
Comparison of Culicoides Larval Habitats and Populations in Central Iowa

The predominant habitat types for larval Culicoides in central Iowa are flowing fresh-water. Nine species of Culicoides Latreille were collected from this and several other habitat types. Larval habitats of Culicoides were compared statistically by community ordination on the basis of species composition and relative density. In addition, habitat soil was analyzed for p H, sodium ion concentration, and organic matter content to examine relationships between these factors and the occurrence and abundance of Culicoides populations .
Clinical outcome of cloacal exstrophy, current status, and a change in surgical management.

INTRODUCTION: Cloacal exstrophy is a complex and rare congenital malformation. Because of improvements in medicine, operative techniques, and perioperative management the survival rates are now approaching 100%. Currently, treatment is focused on improving quality of life. Since 1974, we encountered 20 patients with cloacal exstrophy in our hospital. The aim of this study is to evaluate our clinical experience and outcome during the last 39 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the medical records was performed. We evaluated anatomical status, phenotype and genotype at birth, subsequent surgical treatment and current gastrointestinal, urinary, spinal, genital, and gender status and outcome. RESULTS: The records of all 20 patients who were treated in our center were included in this study. Of the 20 patients, 18 were primary patients, 2 referred. Six patients died within the first year of life. Median age of the surviving 14 patients was 25 years (range, 4-39 years) at time of evaluation. At the last follow-up, 11 patients had an endileostomy or endcolostomy. Three patients had a pull-through; two of them were continent for feces. Two patients were continent for urine; one with a sinus urogenitalis and one after urethra reconstruction. Eleven patients are incontinent; six of them had an incontinent urinary deviation (Bricker deviation). Of the other five incontinent patients, two had a urethral reconstruction, one vesicovaginal anastomosis, one perineotomy, and one epispadias bladder. Urinary continence was unknown in one patient. Of the surviving patients, nine have 46 XY karyotype and five 46 XX karyotype. Initially, six XY patients underwent external genital reconstruction with reassignment to female gender; however, one died postoperatively. One declared to feel like a man at age of 15 years. Remaining four XY patients underwent male external genital reconstruction. All XX patients underwent vagina or vulva reconstruction, except for one who still has aplasia vaginae. All patients were born with varying types of spinal dysraphism. DISCUSSION: Despite medical efforts and development in treatment and support, satisfaction in outcome of cloacal exstrophy remains a challenge. Although reconstruction may be very difficult, male genital reconstruction in 46 XY patients has been given preference for more than a decade. A specialized multidisciplinary team should provide lifelong colorectal, urological, sexual, and psychosocial support to these patients, taking into account their age and phase of life.
History of the Southwestern Branch

The Inception of the Idea for establishment of the Southwestern Branch predated the actual recognition of the branch by probably more than 20 years. During this time entomologists of the southwestern states were more or less banded together in the Texas Entomological Society (TES). The history of TES was written by Burke (1980) with considerable emphasis on the activities of the society as they related to gaining branch recognition in the American Association of Economic Entomologists. According to that history, some TES members had in mind when the society was first formed in 1928 that it would eventually become the Southwestern Branch of AAEE. Many of the members of the TES were also members of the Cotton States Branch of AAEE, but for several reasons they believed that this association did not as fully satisfy their needs as their own regional organization would. First, most of the meetings of the Cotton States Branch were held east of the Mississippi River, presenting problems for travel by the southwesterners, The entomologists of the Southwest also were confronted with many insect problems different from those of the Southeast and they thought that these problems could be more effectively addressed by a regional organization.
TMS Applications in ADHD and Developmental Disorders

Abstract This chapter discusses the ethical, statistical, and practical considerations in utilization of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for study of pathophysiological substrate of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other developmental conditions, then presents data from resting, functional, and pharmacologic TMS studies using common TMS measures like short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI).
‘Ungentlemanly Productions: De Quincey and Scandal’

In summer and fall 1834, Thomas De Quincey began publishing a series of articles on Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine. In the articles, De Quincey represented himself as the sole qualified reader of Coleridge’s corpus and recounted his first meeting with the great man and their subsequent associations. He did not stop there, however, but went on to detail Coleridge’s erratic personal history. He also asserted that Coleridge, his friend and mentor, had plagiarized the poetry of Frederica Brun, and, more importantly, the philosophy Schelling. The Coleridge family was shocked and dismayed. They responded by deni­grating the notoriously erratic author of the article, and raged against the impropriety of what Sara Coleridge, STC’s daughter, called De Quincey’s ‘ungentlemanly productions’. The family developed a complex strategy for limiting the potential damage of De Quincey’s articles. The intellec­tual and personal stakes involved were equally complex. The family had a substantial financial stake in securing Coleridge’s reputation as they set out to establish the value of his Literary Remains, and Henry Nelson Coleridge, in particular, was in the process of negotiating the value of his Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge with Murray. I shall return to the financial stakes when I discuss the family’s dissatisfaction with Pickering in a subsequent chapter, but first I will outline the personal stakes involved, and then focus on the intellectual stakes brought into play by the accusation of plagiarism.
Effects of climate change on four New England groundfish species

Multiple groundfish stocks in New England remain depleted despite management measures that have been effective elsewhere. A growing body of research suggests that environmental change driven by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and ocean is unfolding more rapidly in New England than elsewhere, and is an important factor in the failure of these stocks to respond to management. We reviewed research on effects of changes in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and ocean currents on pelagic life stages, post-settlement life stages, and reproduction of four species in the New England groundfish fishery: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea). The volume of research on cod was nearly equal to that on the other three species combined. Similarly, many more studies examined effects of temperature than other factors. The majority of studies suggest adverse outcomes, with less evidence for mixed or positive effects. However, for all of the factors other than temperature, there are more knowledge gaps than known effects. Importantly, most work to date examines impacts in isolation, but effects might combine in nonlinear ways and cause stronger reductions in stock productivity than expected. Management strategies will need to account for known effects, nonlinear interactions, and uncertainties if fisheries in New England are to adapt to environmental change.
Effects of various steroid hormones on intracellular zinc uptake in prostate cancer cell lines

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 3204 The genetic/molecular basis of prostate cancer is unknown. The most consistent and persistent distinguishing characteristic of malignant prostate is the inability of the malignant epithelial cells to accumulate zinc. A key factor in the malignant process is the mechanism that results in this inability of the neoplastic prostate cell to accumulate zinc. hZIP1 has been identified as an important zinc uptake transporter. We have shown that gene expression of hZIP1 is downregulated in malignant cells of prostate epithelia. This project we compared the effects of varying concentrations of steroid hormones on the uptake of zinc by different prostate tissue cell lines. The intracellular zinc concentration in situ, was measured using the zinc indicator dye, Newport Green DCF, (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). In our studies, three steroid hormones-testosterone, β-estrodial and prolactin- at varying concentrations, ranging in concentration from .125 nM to 1.22 x 10−4 nM, and were tested on three different cell lines, each exhibiting different characteristics with regards to their dependency on various hormones. The three cell lines were: 1.) LnCAP, (ATCC # CRL-1740), an androgen-dependent epithelial prostate carcinoma isolated from the supraclavicular lymph node, 2.) PC3, (ATCC # CRL-1435), an androgen dependent epithelial prostate andenocarcinoma isolated from bone marrow tissue, and 3.) RWPE, (ATCC # CRL-2221), prostate epithelial cell line from normal tissue and transformed with HPV-18. After exposure to the three different hormones overnight, the zinc uptake of the prostate cells was assayed by utilizing zinc indicators. The intracellular levels of zinc were measured by an ELISA based reader and by microscopic visualization. Our analyses show that there is a complex interplay between various hormones with regards to zinc uptake. Implication of a potential therapy or prevention for prostate cancer utilizing a zinc supplement plus a combination of hormones will be presented.
Active-Site Flexibility and Substrate Specificity in a Bacterial Virulence Factor: Crystallographic Snapshots of an Epoxide Hydrolase.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes an epoxide hydrolase with catalytic activity that triggers degradation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and perturbs other host defense networks. Targets of this CFTR inhibitory factor (Cif) are largely unknown, but include an epoxy-fatty acid. In this class of signaling molecules, chirality can be an important determinant of physiological output and potency. Here we explore the active-site chemistry of this two-step α/β-hydrolase and its implications for an emerging class of virulence enzymes. In combination with hydrolysis data, crystal structures of 15 trapped hydroxyalkyl-enzyme intermediates reveal the stereochemical basis of Cif's substrate specificity, as well as its regioisomeric and enantiomeric preferences. The structures also reveal distinct sets of conformational changes that enable the active site to expand dramatically in two directions, accommodating a surprising array of potential physiological epoxide targets. These new substrates may contribute to Cif's diverse effects in vivo, and thus to the success of P. aeruginosa and other pathogens during infection.
Farm Labor and Food Production

ages. For more than 20 years, births on farms in the United States have exceeded deaths by nearly one-half million annually. This has been accompanied by a downward trend in farm population. The result has been a net migration of people from the farms. During the depression years of the 'thirties, the normal migration of persons from farms was retarded and a surplus of farm workers accumulated. Farmers became accustomed to an abundance of help at low wages and naturally found it difficult to adjust their operations to a smaller supply at higher wages. Part of the adjustment to a reduced farm labor supply took place in 1940 when industrial employment began its rapid expansion. Fortunately, New York farmers purchased a substantial quantity of new machinery in 1940 and 1941. A survey of nearly 900 New York farms in 1942 indicated that about one-third of their tractors and of some other important pieces of equipment had been purchased within the past two years. Much of the new purchases resulted from a ten-year accumulation of needed repairs and replacements because of the depression. However, from the standpoint of machinery, New York farmers are probably better prepared to face a period of machinery shortage than they have been in many years. Many farmers are better able to do their work with a reduced labor force than they have ever been. New York farmers have lost large numbers of their skilled hired men to industry and to the armed forces. It has been estimated that for every one lost to the armed forces, three have been lost to industry. In some instances, these workers have been replaced with less experienced workers; in others, they have not been replaced. There are several reasons why farmers were able to produce at record rates under such handicaps. Favorable weather conditions accounted for much of the large production. The typical dairy farm in New York is a two-man operation, the
Concurrent Reinforcement of Topographically Different Responses and the Matching Relation

Three rats responded under concurrent variable-interval schedules of food reinforcement. One schedule component provided reinforcement for the manipulation of an omnidirectional rod; the other schedule component provided reinforcement for pressing a lever. The same force was required to execute each response. Reinforcement rates provided by the schedules were varied over experimental conditions. Allocation of both responses and time between schedules undermatched the ratios of reinforcements obtained from the schedules for each rat. All rats displayed bias in favor of the lever with both response and time allocation, but no consistent difference in the magnitude of bias with response-based versus time-based measures of choice was observed. Previous research on choice between topographically different responses revealed substantially greater bias in response-based measures of choice than in time-based measures. However, response topography has been confounded with response force in previous research. Findings of the present study, in which force requirements for the two responses were equal, indicate that differences in response topography do not necessarily produce differences between response-based and time-based measures of bias. Rather, these findings suggest that differences in measures of bias may result from different force requirements of the responses.
Randomized Trial of the Impact of Empowering Childhood Cancer Survivors With Survivorship Care Plans.

Background A survivorship care plan (SCP), that is, individualized treatment summary and schedule of off-therapy surveillance, will be mandated by January 2019. It is unclear whether SCPs improve adherence to recommended follow-up care in the community. In this trial, we evaluated the impact of randomly assigning childhood cancer survivors to 1) SCPs to be taken to their primary care physician (PCP) to implement or 2) survivorship clinic (SC) on health care quality measures. Methods Eligibility included cancer diagnosis younger than age 18 years (2000-2012), cancer free, one or more years off therapy, and no prior survivorship clinic attendance. At 12 months, the random assignment groups were compared (SCP+PCP vs SC) by intent-to-treat analysis with two-sided statistical tests in terms of patient adherence to guideline-recommended surveillance tests (eg, echocardiogram) and number of newly identified late complications of therapy. Results From 2011 to 2013, 96 participants (46.9% female, mean age = 15.9 ± 6.1 years) were randomly assigned. Adherence to 14 evaluated guideline-recommended surveillance tests ranged from 0% to 46.9% in the SCP+PCP group (n = 47) and from 50.0% to 86.4% in the SC group (n = 47). Adherence to 10 tests was statistically significantly different between the groups (all P < .05). One mild new late complication was identified in the SCP+PCP group compared with 21 late complications, ranging from mild to severe, identified in 11 patients in the SC group (2.1% vs 23.4% of patients, respectively, P = .003). Conclusions Our randomized trial suggests that empowering childhood cancer survivors with SCPs to be implemented by their PCPs is not sufficient to meet consensus follow-up recommendations.
Comparison of cross sectional optical coherence tomography images of elevated optic nerve heads across acquisition devices and scan protocols.

Optic nerve head measurements extracted from optical coherence tomography (OCT) show promise for monitoring clinical conditions with elevated optic nerve heads. The aim of this study is to compare reliability within and between raters and between image acquisition devices of optic nerve measurements derived from OCT scans in eyes with varying degrees of optic nerve elevation. Wide angle line scans and narrow angle radial scans through optic nerve heads were obtained using three spectral domain(SD) OCT devices on 5 subjects (6 swollen optic nerves, 4 normal optic nerves). Three raters independently semi-manually segmented the internal limiting membrane(ILM) and Bruch’s membrane(BM) on each scan using customized software. One rater segmented each scan twice. Segmentations were qualitatively and quantitatively compared. Inter-rater, intra-rater and inter-device reliability was assessed for the optic nerve cross sectional area calculated from the ILM and BM segmentations using intraclass correlation coefficients and graphical comparison. Line scans from all devices were qualitatively similar. Radial scans for which frame rate could not be adjusted were of lower quality. Intra-rater reliability for segmentation and optic nerve cross sectional area was better than inter-rater reliability, which was better than inter-device reliability, though all ICC exceeded 0.95. Reliability was not impacted by the degree of optic nerve elevation. SD-OCT devices acquired similar quality scans of the optic nerve head, with choice of scan protocol affecting the quality. For image derived markers, variability between devices was greater than that attributable to inter and intra-rater differences.
Integrating Behavior Driven Development and Programming by Contract

This paper developed a Contracted Behavior Driven Development (CBDD) method that extends and combines the ideas behind Test/Behavior Driven Development (TDD/BDD) and Programming by Contract (PBC) to improve the overall stability and quality of a system. A tool is developed to derive unit tests automatically by analyzing human written specifications for preconditions and post-conditions when coupled with data definitions. These results will be used to generate code to be run by a unit testing framework before deployment, either as part of a continuous integration environment or by individual developers. The tool will also generate wireframe classes implementing pre and post-conditions within the code and using runtime contract analysis to generate information when an exception occurs, thereby helping to automate verification of bug fixes.
Malrotation in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Is It Really a Problem?

Introduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been associated with other congenital malformations, such as intestinal rotation abnormalities. However, there is no standard evaluation and treatment of intestinal rotation during initial CDH repair. This study evaluates intestinal malrotation in CDH patients. Materials and Methods All patients with a CDH treated in a high-volume center between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographics, gastrointestinal characteristics, surgical treatment, and abdominal outcomes (acute surgery, small bowel obstruction, and volvulus) were described. Results A total of 197 CDH patients were surgically repaired. In 76 (39%) patients, a malrotation was described at initial CDH repair, in 39 (20%) patients, a normal rotation, but 82 patients (42%) had no report on intestinal rotation. During follow-up (range: 2–16 years), 12 additional malrotations were diagnosed, leading to a prevalence of at least 45% (n = 88). These were mostly diagnosed due to acute small bowel obstruction, of which three had a volvulus. Of the 12 later diagnosed malrotations, 58% required acute surgery, compared to 3% of the 76 initially diagnosed patients (p Conclusion Malrotation is associated with CDH, with a prevalence of at least 45% and in 21% a normal intestinal rotation. “Missed” malrotations have a higher risk on need for acute surgery later in life.
Stability and instability among Jewish languages and alphabets

AbstractJewish languages, except for Hebrew, are varieties of other languages but have independent standard versions and independent dialect systems. They are typically written in the Hebrew alphabet. I would like to suggest that when the official language of a country is the same as the coterritorial spoken language, Jewish language shift takes place.There was a shift from Aramaic to Greek or Judeo-Greek in the eastern Mediterranean in the early days of the Roman Empire, followed by a switch to Latin in the western half of the Roman Empire. Jews speaking Judeo-French lost their language after Jews were expelled from France in 1394.Ashkenazic Jews did not lose their language when they left German-speaking areas but continued to speak Yiddish in the kingdom of Poland-Lithuania. Similarly, Sephardic Jews continued to use Ladino in the Ottoman Empire, but when Turkish switched to the Latin alphabet, Ladino did as well. After 500 years of being written in Hebrew (Aramaic) characters, Ladino today is written i...
A History of the Future: Carolyn Wood Sherif, Equitable Knowledge, and Feminist Psychology:

Writing some 40 years ago, Carolyn Wood Sherif left a legacy of critical reflections on the fledgling field of feminist psychology. Here I read her work, not as a record of the past, but with an ey...
Sustainable Practices on the US–Mexico Border: inSITE_05, Intervention, and Precarious Communities

In 2005, the fifth and final iteration of inSITE took place. inSITE_05 included a number of social practice works, including Mark Bradford’s Maleteros, a project that helped the unofficial porters brand themselves, SIMPARCH’s Dirty Water Initiative, a ‘fountain’ that recycled dirty water, and Judy Werthein’s Brinco, border crossing shoes that were given to workers trying to cross the border. In this chapter, I propose to return to these interventions in order to understand how a past art event might continue to engage with the needs of the community long after the art tourists have gone home and the organization has closed up shop. Questions that I will address in this chapter include what was and what was not at stake in these projects? How were they situated in relationship to the ongoing activist work that had taken place in that area, including the creation of Chicano Park under the five interstate and the agitprop performances of the Border Arts Workshop? And finally, how can these projects be read today in the wake of global popular uprising and anti-capitalist sentiments?
Cultural Identity, Public Image and Frontier Nursing

The special relationship that the Service had with the people was disrupted when the Appalachian culture began to erode in the advent of governmental interference on a much larger scale than ever before in the 1960s. The ‘image’ of nurses on horseback and babies in saddlebags, once highly esteemed by the people became suspect. After her death, Breckinridge was accused of using this image to garner funds for her Service while negatively depicting the people of the region [1]. The people also viewed the newer nurses with less respect because they wore jeans with their uniforms and the newer nurses demonstrated a lack of respect for what the uniform represented by opting to do so. The nurses also viewed the people differently than their predecessor’s due in large part to the stereotypes being exported to them [2].
Characterization of the effects of ground boards on acoustic signals

International and Federal regulations stipulate the acquisition of aircraft noise shall be conducted using inverted pressure microphones over a round ground board. These ground boards are used to provide an acoustically hard reflecting surface, limiting the effects of the potentially absorptive ground local to the test location. The microphone location is also specified to be offset from the center of the board to limit the effects of acoustic diffraction off the board edge. In order to determine the effects of the ground board on the measured acoustic signal, a comprehensive measurement campaign was undertaken at NASA Langley Research Center. The experimental setup included multiple ground board configurations placed on top of a sand pit, in an otherwise anechoic chamber. Ground board configurations included a microphone inverted and offset over the round ground board, a microphone offset and flush mounted in the ground board, and a microphone flush mounted in the sand. A detailed frequency sweep from a known source was then used to investigate the ground board effects on the recorded signal. Normal impedance measurements were also acquired to determine the reflection coefficients of the sand and ground boards. Experimental results are discussed, along with implications for future research and development.International and Federal regulations stipulate the acquisition of aircraft noise shall be conducted using inverted pressure microphones over a round ground board. These ground boards are used to provide an acoustically hard reflecting surface, limiting the effects of the potentially absorptive ground local to the test location. The microphone location is also specified to be offset from the center of the board to limit the effects of acoustic diffraction off the board edge. In order to determine the effects of the ground board on the measured acoustic signal, a comprehensive measurement campaign was undertaken at NASA Langley Research Center. The experimental setup included multiple ground board configurations placed on top of a sand pit, in an otherwise anechoic chamber. Ground board configurations included a microphone inverted and offset over the round ground board, a microphone offset and flush mounted in the ground board, and a microphone flush mounted in the sand. A detailed frequency sweep from a ...
Hydrologic and water quality performance of two aging and unmaintained dry detention basins receiving highway stormwater runoff

Dry detention basins (DDBs) are a type of stormwater control measure (SCM) designed to provide flood storage, peak discharge reduction, and some water quality improvement through sedimentation. DDBs are ubiquitous in the urban environment, but are expensive to maintain. In this study, two overgrown DDBs near Raleigh, NC, receiving highway runoff were monitored for up to one year to quantify their water quality and hydrologic performance. Both basins, B1 and B2, have not received vegetation maintenance since construction in 2007. Flow-weighted composite samples were collected during storm events and analyzed for nutrients (Total Phosphorus (TP), Ortho-phosphorus (OP), Ammonia-N (NH3), NO2-3-N (NOX), and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)), total suspended solids (TSS), and total Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. An annual water balance was also conducted to quantify runoff volume reduction. Despite low influent concentrations from the highway, significant removal efficiencies were found for all constituents except NH3 in B1. TP, OP, NOX, TSS, and Zn were reduced in B2. Both basins achieved greater than 41% volume reduction through soil infiltration and evapotranspiration, resulting in significant pollutant load reductions for all detected constituents, between 59% and 79% in B1 and 35% and 81% in B2. This study provides evidence that overgrown and unmaintained DDBs can reduce pollutant concentrations comparable to those reported for maintained DDBs, while reducing more volume than standard DDBs. Moreover, carbon sequestration likely increases while maintenance costs decrease.
Development of a Power Electronics Teaching Lab Incorporating WBG Semiconductors with Plug and Play Modular Hardware and Advanced Curriculum

This paper presents the development of a power electronics teaching lab to prepare students for the next generation of power electronics engineering using wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices. The objectives are to expedite the transfer of theoretical knowledge to practical experience on WBG semiconductor devices, and at the same time to provide a hands-on understanding of the development of comprehensive power electronics systems. To incorporate different types of semiconductor devices, especially WBG semiconductor switches, and perform various lab experiments from an investigation of component switching characteristics to construction and operation of power converters, a plug-and-play (P&P) modular power electronics education board is developed. The P&P architecture allows easy construction of different power electronics circuits by simply inserting semiconductor daughter boards to the motherboard. To assist students’ learning experience, the lab curriculum consisting of lab manuals and supporting resources is developed. Multiple workshops have been held with ECE undergraduate and graduate students to evaluate the performance of the lab. Final assessment and student’s feedback are presented as the outcome of the development.
Genetic linkage of oxidative stress with cardiometabolic traits in an intercross derived from hyperlipidemic mouse strains.

Abstract Background and aims Oxidative stress is associated with cardiometabolic traits in observational studies, yet the underlying causal relationship remains unclear. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice develop significant hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia on a Western diet. Here we conducted linkage analysis to investigate genetic connections between cardiometabolic traits and oxidative stress. Methods 266 female F2 mice were generated from an intercross between C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c (BALB) Apoe−/− mice and fed 12 weeks of Western diet. Plasma levels of HDL, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) and atherosclerosis in aortic root and left carotid artery were measured. 127 microsatellite markers across the genome were genotyped. Results One significant locus at 78.3 cM on chromosome (Chr) 1 (LOD score: 3.85), named Mda1, and two suggestive loci near 60.3 cM on Chr1 (LOD score: 2.32, named Mda2 due to replication in a separate cross) and 19.6 cM on Chr4 (LOD score: 2.34) were identified for MDA levels. Mda1 coincided precisely with loci for LDL, triglyceride, glucose, and body weight and overlapped with a locus for atherosclerosis in the aortic root. Plasma LDL, triglyceride, and glucose explained 25.5, 19.2, and 24.2% of the variation in MDA levels of F2 mice, respectively. After correction for triglyceride or LDL, QTLs for MDA on Chr1 and Chr4 disappeared. QTLs on Chr1 disappeared, remained on Chr4, and additional QTLs on Chr12 and Chr13 were detected after correction for glucose. The QTL on Chr12, named Mda3, had a significant LOD score of 8.034 and peaked 62.22 at cM. Conclusions We demonstrated a causative role for cardiometabolic traits in oxidative stress and identified hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia as a major driver of oxidative stress.
High Compression‐Induced Conductivity in a Layered Cu–Br Perovskite

We show that the onset pressure for appreciable conductivity in layered copper-halide perovskites can decrease by ca. 50 GPa upon replacement of Cl with Br. Layered Cu-Cl perovskites require pressures >50 GPa to show a conductivity of 10-4 S cm-1 , whereas here a Cu-Br congener, (EA)2 CuBr4 (EA=ethylammonium), exhibits conductivity as high as 2×10-3 S cm-1 at only 2.6 GPa, and 0.17 S cm-1 at 59 GPa. Substitution of higher-energy Br 4p for Cl 3p orbitals lowers the charge-transfer band gap of the perovskite by 0.9 eV. This 1.7 eV band gap decreases to 0.3 eV at 65 GPa. High-pressure X-ray diffraction, optical absorption, and transport measurements, and density functional theory calculations allow us to track compression-induced structural and electronic changes. The notable enhancement of the Br perovskite's electronic response to pressure may be attributed to more diffuse Br valence orbitals relative to Cl orbitals. This work brings the compression-induced conductivity of Cu-halide perovskites to more technologically accessible pressures.
A phylogenetic review of the species groups of Phylocentropus Banks (Trichoptera: Dipseudopsidae)

A phylogenetic review of the three species groups of the caddisfly genus Phylocentropus Banks, proposed by Ross (1965), is provided. The Phylocentropus auriceps Species Group contains 9 species: †P. antiquus, P. auriceps, †P. cretaceous, †P. gelhausi, †P. ligulatus, †P. simplex, †P. spiniger, †P. succinolebanensis, and †P. swolenskyi,; the P. placidus Species Group, 4 species: P. carolinus, P. harrisi, P. lucidus, and P. placidus; and the P. orientalis Species Group, 7 species: P. anas, P. narumonae, P. ngoclinh, P. orientalis, P. shigae, P. tohoku, and P. vietnamellus. A hypothetical phylogenetic tree of the genus is presented along with its historic biogeography.