cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hospital and Demographic Characteristics Associated With Advanced Primary Stroke Center Designation

Background and Purpose— Despite evidence that primary stroke center (PSC) certification is associated with improvements in care and outcome, only a minority of hospitals have achieved this certification. We sought to determine hospital-based factors associated with achievement of PSC certification. Methods— We used the 2011 American Hospital Association survey and the 2010 national census for population and household data to identify potential hospital and demographic factors influencing certification as a PSC by the Joint Commission, Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, and DNV Healthcare. Results— Of the 3696 hospitals to complete the survey, 3069 fulfilling study criteria included 908 PSC (31%) and 2161 non-PSC. Independent hospital characteristics associated with PSC certification were Joint Commission accreditation (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–5.0), increasing size (per quartile in number of beds; OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.1–3.1) and inpatient neurological services (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.4–4.6), number of households per zip code (per 1000 households; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2), increasing Hispanic population (by 10% increase; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2), and income per household (per $10 000; OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3). Designation as a sole community provider (OR, 0.22; 0.10–0.47) or governmental hospital control (0.61; 0.44–0.84) was associated with noncertification. Conclusions— Less than 1 in 3 hospitals has achieved certification as an PSC. Potential areas of improvement include increasing certification of governmental-controlled hospitals.
Root diseases of wheat and barley during the transition from conventional tillage to direct seeding

The use of direct seeding (no-till) in place of tillage can reduce soil erosion and improve water infiltration. However, despite these improvements in soil quality, growers in the Pacific Northwest are reluctant to adopt direct seeding, partially because of fears of increased root diseases caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia spp., and Pythium spp. To examine the effect of the transition from conventional tillage to direct seeding, field plots were established at two locations. One site had been managed with direct seeding for 12 years, and the second had been conventionally tilled. Over 4 years, a portion of each plot was tilled or direct seeded, and planted to wheat or barley. Plants in the tilled plots had consistently more crown roots than plants in direct-seeded plots. Rhizoctonia root rot and yield did not differ between tillage types during the first 2 years of the study. However, in the third and fourth years of the transition to direct seeding, a higher incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot, increased hyphal activity of R. solani, and reduced yields were observed in direct-seeded plots. Populations of R. oryzae and Pythium spp., and incidence of take-all were the same for both management practices.
Preliminary characterisation of the non-specific cytotoxic cells of the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau, L.)

Abstract Cell-mediated lysis of cultured tumour target cells by non-specific cytotoxic cells (NCC) was examined in the oyster toadfish ( Opsanus tau ), an estuarine teleost. NCC activity was evaluated in cells taken from the head kidney, peripheral blood, spleen and peritoneal cavity. This activity was found to be highest in the peritoneal leucocytes. Binding of toadfish NCC to cultured tumour target cells occurred rapidly (within 5 min), while lysis of target cells occurred over a period of several hours. NCC activity was a property of plastic non-adherent cells which lacked phagocytic activity, indicating that the cells which mediate non-specific cytotoxic immune responses in oyster toadfish do not appear to be monocytes or macrophages.
Effects of orientation on Rey complex figure performance

Abstract An experiment was performed that examined the impact of stimulus orientation on performance on the Rey complex figure. A total of 48 undergraduates (24 men, 24 women) were randomly assigned to one of four Rey figure orientation groups (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°). Participants followed standard procedures for the Rey figure, initially copying it in whatever orientation group they were assigned to. Next, all participants performed a 15–20 min lexical decision experiment, used as a filler task. Finally, and unbeknownst to them, participants were asked to recall as much of the figure as they could. As expected, results revealed a main effect of Task (F=83.92, p .57). The results are important from an applied setting, especially if testing conditions are less than optimal and a fixed stimulus position is not possible (e.g., testing at the bedside).
HONEY BEE PEER PRESSURE

![Figure][1] The timing of when we sleep, eat and work is somewhat determined by social cues – when others in our house go to bed, what time our friend can meet for breakfast at the cafe, and if our boss is at the lab yet. It is also affected by how old we are, and honey bees are much the
Memory reactivation during rest supports upcoming learning of related content

Although a number of studies have highlighted the importance of offline processes for memory, how these mechanisms influence future learning remains unknown. Participants with established memories for a set of initial face–object associations were scanned during passive rest and during encoding of new related and unrelated pairs of objects. Spontaneous reactivation of established memories and enhanced hippocampal–neocortical functional connectivity during rest was related to better subsequent learning, specifically of related content. Moreover, the degree of functional coupling during rest was predictive of neural engagement during the new learning experience itself. These results suggest that through rest-phase reactivation and hippocampal–neocortical interactions, existing memories may come to facilitate encoding during subsequent related episodes.
Physiological Effects of an Ectocommensal Gill Barnacle, Octolasmis Muelleri, on Gas Exchange in the Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus

ABSTRACT The effect of infestation by an ectocommensal gill barnacle, Octolasmis muelleri, on gas exchange in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus was assessed by comparing respiratory parameters of infested crabs with those of uninfested controls. Infested crabs maintained their oxygen uptake (MO2) at the same level as controls (28 µmol O2 kg-1 min-1); however, heart rate (Fh) and scaphognathite rate (Fsc) increased 1.4 × and 1.8 ×, respectively. Heavily infested crabs did not differ from uninfested crabs with respect to prebranchial hemolymph pH (7.5), CO2 concentration (6.6 mmol 1-1), PO2 (1.9 kPa), or to postbranchial pH (7.4), PO2 (4.1 kPa), and O2 concentration (0.1 mmol 1-1). This suggests that these crabs can compensate for the presence of the barnacle in their ventilatory stream. However, moderately infested crabs exhibited lower prebranchial hemolymph pH (7.2) and CO2 concentration (4.5 mmol 1-1) and an elevated PO2 (3.23 kPa). These values are similar to those of blue crabs during exercise. Compensation is achieved by increasing ventilation volume (1.7 x) and cardiac output (1.4 x). Concomitant facilitation of oxygen delivery at the tissues would be necessary for complete compensation. Circulating lactate levels were similar for all crabs, indicating that an increase in anaerobic metabolism is not necessary for compensation. Although heavily infested crabs (>20 ectocommensals) appeared to compensate for barnacle presence, extremely heavily infested crabs (> 50 ectocommensals) did not survive the experimental stress. Because median natural infestation levels are low, the barnacle probably does not pose a serious threat to the blue crab population.
Evidence for a third, Ir -associated histocompatibility region in the H-2 complex of the mouse

Skin grafts transplanted from B 10.HTT donors onto (A.TL X B 10)F 1 recipients are rapidly rejected despite the fact that the B10.HTT and A.TL strains should be carrying the same H-2 chromosomes and that both the donor and the recipient contain the B10 genome. The rejection is accompanied by a production of cytotoxic antibodies against antigens controlled by the Ir region of the H-2 complex. These unexpected findings are interpreted as evidence for a third histocompatibility locus in the H~ complex, H-2I, located in the Ir region close to H-2K. The B 10.HTT and A.TL strains are postulated to differ at this hypothetical locus, and the difference between the two strains is explained as resulting from a crossing over between the H-2 tl and H-2 s chromosomes in the early history of the B10.HTT strain. The H-2 genotypes of the B10.HTT and A.TL strains are assumed to be H-2KsIrs/kSskH-2D d and H-2KsIrkSskH-2D d, respectively. Thus, the H-2 chromosomes of the two strains differ only in a portion of the Ir region, including the H-2I locus. The B 10.HTT(H-2 tt) and B10.S(7R)(H-2 th) strains differ in a relatively minor histocompatibility locus, possibly residing in the Tla region outside of the H-2 complex.
Both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue correlate highly with insulin resistance in african americans.

Objective: The contribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to insulin resistance is well-established; however, the role of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) in insulin resistance remains controversial. Sex may determine which of these two components of abdominal obesity is more strongly related to insulin resistance and its consequences. The aim of this study was to determine whether both VAT and SAT contribute to insulin resistance in African Americans and to examine the effects of sex on this relationship. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a cross-sectional study of 78 nondiabetic African-American volunteers (44 men, 35 women; age 33.8 ± 7.3 years; BMI 30.9 ± 7.4 kg/m2). VAT and SAT volumes were measured using serial computerized tomography slices from the dome of the diaphragm to the iliac crest. The insulin sensitivity index (SI) was determined from the minimal model using data obtained from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Results: In men, both VAT and SAT were negatively correlated with SI (r for both correlations = −0.57; p < 0.01). In women, the correlation coefficient between VAT and SI was −0.50 (p < 0.01) and between SAT and SI was −0.67 (p < 0.01). In women, the correlation coefficient for SI with SAT was significantly greater than the correlation coefficient with VAT (p = 0.02). Discussion: Both SAT and VAT are strongly correlated with insulin resistance in African Americans. For African-American women, SAT may have a greater effect than VAT on insulin resistance.
Experimental and computational evidence for an essential role of NaV1.6 in spike initiation at stretch-sensitive colorectal afferent endings.

Stretch-sensitive afferents comprise ∼33% of the pelvic nerve innervation of mouse colorectum, which are activated by colorectal distension and encode visceral nociception. Stretch-sensitive colore...
Estrogen-induced epithelial proliferation and cornification are uncoupled in sinus vaginal epithelium associated with uterine stroma

Epithelium from the urogenital sinus-derived portion of the newborn mouse vagina when grown in association with uterine mesenchyme forms a “vaginal” stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium. However, the epithelium of these tissue recombinants composed of sinus vaginal epithelium plus uterine mesenchyme does not undergo the fluctuations in cytodifferentiation normally seen in vaginal epithelium during the estrous cycle (e.g., cornification and mucification). In this report we show that sinus vaginal epithelium in association with uterine mesenchyme proliferated in response to estradiol but failed to cornify in response to diethylstilbestrol (DES), even though both the epithelium and the stroma had estrogen receptors. However, if sinus vaginal epithelium that had been grown in combination with uterine mesenchyme was re-isolated from the tissue recombinant and recombined with fresh vaginal mesenchyme, the epithelium cornified in response to DES. These results indicate that the proliferative and the cytodifferentiation response to estrogen could be uncoupled and that sinus vaginal epithelium required vaginal stroma to cornify in response to DES.
Predictors of major morbidity and mortality after pneumonectomy utilizing the Society for Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database.

Background Pneumonectomy is associated with a significant incidence of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors responsible for adverse outcomes in patients after pneumonectomy utilizing The Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database (STS GTDB). Methods All patients who had undergone pneumonectomy between January 2002 and December 2007 were identified in the STS GTDB. Among 80 participating centers, 1,267 patients were selected. Logistic regression analysis was performed on preoperative variables for major adverse outcomes. Results The rate of major adverse perioperative events was 30.4%, including 71 patients who died (5.6%). Major morbidity was defined as pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, empyema, sepsis, bronchopleural fistula, pulmonary embolism, ventilatory support beyond 48 hours, reintubation, tracheostomy, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias requiring treatment, myocardial infarct, reoperation for bleeding, and central neurologic event. Patients with major morbidity had a longer mean length of stay compared with patients without major morbidity (13.3 versus 6.1 days, p Conclusions The mortality rate after pneumonectomy by thoracic surgeons participating in the STS database compares favorably to that in previously published studies. We identified risk factors for major adverse outcomes in patients undergoing pneumonectomy.
Proteins foretelling head or abdomen development in the embryo of Smittia spec. (Chironomidae, Diptera).

Abstract The development of the segment pattern in Smittia embryos can be manipulated experimentally. Centrifugation during intravitelline cleavage leads to a mirror image duplication of most of the head in the absence of abdominal segments (“double cephalons”). Conversely, mirror image duplications of abdominal segments in the absence of head and thorax (“double abdomens”) can be generated by UV-irradiation of the anterior pole before blastoderm formation. By subsequent exposure to blue light, UV-irradiated embryos can be reprogrammed for normal development (photoreversal). We have characterized an “anterior indicator” protein (designated AI 1 ; M r ⋍ 35,000; IEP ⋍ 4.9). Its synthesis was restricted to anterior fragments of embryos during a late blastoderm stage (Bl VI ). This protein was synthesized, however, in both anterior and posterior fragments of prospective double cephalons. Conversely, this protein was synthesized neither in anterior nor in posterior fragments of UV-induced double abdomens. Upon photoreversal, the protein was synthesized again in anterior fragments. Thus, synthesis of this protein in a given fragment always indicated development of head and thorax there. Likewise, we have characterized a “posterior indicator protein” (designated PI 1 , M r ⋍ 50,000, IEP ⋍ 5.5). Its synthesis during early blastoderm stages (Bl I and Bl II ) was restricted to posterior fragments but not to pole cells in normal embryos. In UV-induced double abdomens, PI I was synthesized in both anterior and posterior fragments at stage Bl II . Photoreversal again led to restriction of PI I synthesis to posterior fragments. Thus, the synthesis of PI I in a given fragment at stage Bl II always foreshadowed the formation of an abdomen several hours before this can be discerned morphologically. The synthesis of two other proteins (designated a 1 and p 1 ) was also restricted, during certain blastoderm stages, to anterior or posterior fragments, respectively. However, UV-irradiation or centrifugation had little or no effect on the synthesis of these proteins. Conversely, programming embryos for double abdomen development by UV-irradiation caused a set of reproducible, and mostly photoreversible, changes in the pattern of proteins synthesized in anterior embryonic fragments. However, the synthesis of most of the affected proteins was not region-specific in normal embryos.
Dystocia in relationship to size and shape of pelvic opening in Holstein heifers

Abstract One hundred twenty-seven Holstein heifers were measured prior to calving to obtain 1) heart girth and 2) the horizontal and vertical pelvic measurement, from which pelvic area was calculated. Dystocia scores were assigned at birth, and the heart girth of the calf and sex of the calf were recorded. There was no difference in the level of dystocia noted in heifers with different pelvic sizes. The major cause of dystocia was size of the calf. A greater proportion of the larger calves was bulls (29% vs 20%). The shape of the pelvic opening may affect dystocia through increased calf size. Ninety-three pregnant heifers were measured on two or more occasions at approximately 60-day intervals to obtain 1) the heart girth and 2) the horizontal and vertical measurements, from which pelvic area was calculated. These measurements were used to determine heifer growth. The heifer's heart girth grew at a rate of 0.066 cm per day of gestation with a corresponding increase in pelvic area of 2.25 cm2 per cm of heart girth, or 0.312 cm per day of gestation.
Words of power: The power of words

The original “hapiness of words” (Foucault) is gone ; there are no “innocent languages” (Barthes) anymore. All are related to social experiences, because a language “originates in and has its primary reference to the everyday life.” (Berger and Luckman, 1967, p.38) Any language is related to a given society, and both language and society are shaped by history. Obviously, American and French histories have been quite different.
Kinase requirements in human cells: IV. Differential kinase requirements in cervical and renal human tumor cell lines

Functional differences among human cells have been difficult to identify by standard biochemical methods. Loss-of-function shRNA screens provide an unbiased method to compare protein requirements across cell lines. In previous work, we have studied kinase requirements in two settings, either among a panel of cells from numerous tissues or between two cell lines that differ only by the expression of a chosen oncoprotein or tumor suppressor protein. Here we examine the patterns of kinase requirements between two unrelated cells, the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa and the renal carcinoma cell line 786-O. By using time courses of cell proliferation after shRNA transduction and by introducing different levels of the shRNAs, we were able to carefully compare the kinase requirements. These comparisons identified 10 kinases that were required in HeLa but not 786-O, and 5 kinases that were required in 786-O but not HeLa. The patterns of growth inhibition due to particular sets of shRNAs in a tumor cell line were shown to be similar in some but not all cell lines derived from the same tissue-specific cancer type. Differential kinase requirements promise to be useful in distinguishing important cell-to-cell functional variations and may lead to the identification of fingerprints for different physiological cell states.
Ras pathway signaling on endomembranes

Until recently, the plasma membrane has been considered to be a unique platform from which emanate the signaling events regulating or regulated by Ras and its close relatives. For the past few years, the role of endosomes derived from the plasma membrane as platforms for Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has been appreciated. More recently, the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum have been shown to host Ras signaling. The biological implications of compartmentalized signaling are only beginning to emerge.
Solution studies of isepamicin and conformational comparisons between isepamicin and butirosin A when bound to an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase determined by NMR spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopy, combined with molecular modeling, was used to determine the conformations of isepamicin and butirosin A in the active site of aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase-Ii [AAC-(6')-Ii]. The results suggest two enzyme-bound conformers for isepamicin and one for butirosin A. The dihedral angles that describe the glycosidic linkage between the A and B rings for the two conformers of AAC(6')-Ii-bound isepamicin were phi AB = -7.9 +/- 2.0 degrees and psi AB = -46.2 +/- 0.6 degrees for conformer 1 and phi AB = -69.4 +/- 2.0 degrees and psi AB = -57.7 +/- 0.5 degrees for conformer 2. Unrestrained molecular dynamics calculations showed that these distinct conformers are capable of interconversion at 300 K. When superimposed at the 2-deoxystreptamine ring, one enzyme-bound conformer of isepamicin (conformer 1) places the reactive 6' nitrogen in a similar position as that of butirosin A. Conformer 2 of AAC(6')-Ii-bound isepamicin may represent an unproductive binding mode. Unproductive binding modes (to aminoglycoside modifying enzymes) could provide one reason isepamicin remains one of the more effective aminoglycoside antibiotics. The enzyme-bound conformation of butirosin A yielded an orthogonal arrangement of the 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose and D-xylose rings, as opposed to the parallel arrangement which was observed for this aminoglycoside in the active site of an aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase [Cox, J. R., and Serpersu, E. H. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 2353-2359]. The complete proton and carbon NMR assignments of the aminoglycoside antibiotic isepamicin at pH 6.8 as well as the pKa values for it's amino groups are also reported.
Indopithecus giganteus distinct from Sivapithecus indicus

The very large Eurasian Miocene apeIndopithecus giganteus is distinct from contemporaniousSivapithecus (non-Dryopithecus)indicus. The probabilities that length and width for the only specimen ofI. giganteus could be sampled from populations similar or identical to those ofS. indicus are less than six chances in 100,000 for both parameters.
Flash pyrolysis of polyethyleneglycol Part I: Chemometric resolution of FTIR spectra of the volatile products at 370–550°C

Abstract Flash pyrolysis of monodispersed polyethyleneglycol (PEG) with Mw = 2090 was conducted at 370–550°C and 2 and 11 atm Ar by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy. The overall decomposition process is endothermic. A new approach to determine the composition of the vaporized product mixture is described in which partial least-squares optimization and quadratic programming were used to determine the degree of polymerization (DPn) of oligomer classes, and to resolve the concentrations of the individual products in the pyrolysis gas mixture. The behavior of nine individual products and classes of products is described as a function of temperature, time, and pressure. A significant change in the relative mole fractions occurred in the 450 ± 30°C range when flash pyrolysis was conducted at 2 atm. Below this temperature range, volatile products and a glassy residue form from the parent polymer: DPn ≤ 1.7. Above this temperature range, volatile products from both the parent polymer and the glassy residue dominate; DPn ⋍ 2.5. Aldehyde-containing products form only from the parent polymer and probably originate from the end chain —OH groups. Averaged over the temperature range studied, CO and CC homolysis occur approximately equally. The ratios of the volatile products from flash pyrolysis at 11 atm Ar are in line with normal expectations, in that products with lower molecular weights dominate at higher temperatures.
Knowledge-based expert system for optomechanical design

ABSTRACT The design of optical mounts and adjustable mechanisms is a complex process, which requires collaboration of experts fromvarious disciplines. Many small organizations can not afford to have in-house experts to perform complex optomechanicaldesign tasks. A user-friendly knowledge-based expert system has been developed to guide a novice optical engineer inselecting optimum mirror and lens mounts, and adjustment mechanisms for a particular application. The system consists ofpictures and design database of several optical mounts and adjustment mechanisms. Based on the user defined specifications,this expert system searches the database, and presents a list of suitable devices for the application through an inferenceprocess. This expert system can also be used as training tool for entry-level optical and mechanical engineers.Keywords: optomechanical design, expert system, mirror mounts, lens mounts, adjustment mechanisms 1. INTRODUCTION The designing of optomechanical devices is an involved process that traditionally requires collaboration with experts inseveral different fields such as optical, mechanical, materials and manufacturing engineering. Many small organizations cannot afford to have in-house experts in all these disciplines to oversee and accomplish complex design activities that areessential in producing a stable and ftmctional optical system. A proper optomechanical design and development processrequires considerable amount of time and money to achieve stable and functional designs. This knowledge-based expertsystem is designed to help a novice optical engineer in performing traditional optomecharncal design tasks such as designingof optical mounts and adjustment mechanisms commonly used in a variety of optical systems. The development of such an
Alfalfa Yield and Quality Are Affected by Soil Hydrologic Conditions

Soil water management practices may affect crop growth by reducing periods of excess or shortage of soil water. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage yield and quality as affected by soil hydrologic conditions imposed by four water management practices. The experiment was conducted on a Muskellunge sandy clay loam soil (fine, mixed, frigid Aeric Ochraqualf) in northern New York during three growing seasons (1989-1991), each involving three cuttings of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-timothy (Phleum pratense L.) intercrop. Treatments consisted of (i) drain open at all times (OD); (ii) drain closed at all times (CD); (iii) drain open in winter, closed in summer (SC); and (iv) drain open in inter and the water table at a target 0.6-m depth using a weir and supplemental irrigation in the summer (SW) [...]
Interactive property attribution in concept combination

We address the question of how people understand attributive noun—noun compounds. Alignment-andcomparison models suggest that the similarity of the constituent concepts guides interpretation. We propose, as an alternative, an interactive property attribution model wherein the modifier and head concepts have different functions: The head provides relevant dimensions, whereas the modifier provides candidate features for attribution. According to our model, the interaction of dimensions and features, rather than constituent similarity, guides interpretation. In this study, we empirically contrasted the two models by holding constituent similarity of compounds constant while varying the interaction of modifier feature salience and head dimension relevance. Compounds consisting of a head concept with a relevant dimension for attribution and a modifier with a salient property on that dimension were interpreted by means of property attribution. Other compounds with equivalent constituent similarity, but lacking the high salience—relevance interaction, were not interpreted by means of attribution. The interactive property attribution model more accurately predicted interpretation of noun—noun compounds.
Interstitial Atomic Diffusion Coefficients

An attempt is made to interpret the temperature independent factor ${D}_{0}$ of the previously determined diffusion coefficients of interstitial solute atoms in metals. The primary uncertainty in the value of ${D}_{0}$ given by the standard reaction rate theory resides in an entropy factor $\mathrm{exp}(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}S}{R})$. When cognizance is taken of an additional strain in the lattice surrounding a solute atom as it passes over a potential energy divide, and of the increase in entropy associated with an increase in lattice strain energy, one can estimate a "theoretical" range within which these entropy factors should lie. All past observations except for C and N in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}$ are consistent with this theoretical range. The ${D}_{0}'\mathrm{s}$ for these two systems were, therefore, redetermined by more precise measurements, and are found to be an order of magnitude higher than the original values. The associated entropy factors are consistent with the theoretical range.
Between Myth and Margin: The Huguenots in Irish History

This article surveys the modern historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland. As victims of religious persecution, but also as Protestants, the historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland provides an excellent barometer for measuring contemporary political and historiographical concerns within Ireland. In the long and arduous struggles over Irish identity, religion and political control, the Huguenots have been used by some historians to represent heroic Protestant victims of Catholic, absolutist tyranny, and the prosperity-inducing values of Protestant dissent. Alternatively, they have been overlooked as inconsequential bit-players in the clear cultural and political divide between Saxon and Celt. In post-1920 Ireland, they have also represented the legitimacy of southern Irish Protestantism. More recently, professional historians have attempted to examine the Huguenot refugee communities in Ireland with no preconceived notions or political points of view. This approach has proved fruitful. Nevertheless, by representing European connections in Irish history and cultural diversity within Irish society at a time when these issues are debated throughout the island, the Huguenots in Ireland remain a potent political symbol.
Constitutionality of Section 714 of the California Solar Rights Act

This Comment focuses on section 3 of the California Solar Rights Act of 1978, codified as section 714 of the California Civil Code, which voids any covenant, contract, deed restriction, or other private encumbrance on property that effectively prohibits or restricts the installation or use of a solar-energy system and thus impedes the development of solar-energy systems. The application of section 714 raises troublesome constitutional questions under the taking and contract clauses of the California and Federal Constitutions. The author explores these problems by applying constitutional tests to several fact situations in which section 714 could be applied. He then discusses whether section 714 can withstand constitutional scrutiny and suggests judicial interpretations of section 714 that would ensure both its constitutionality and its effectiveness. 208 references.
Evaluation of absorption and emission cross sections of Er-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ for application to integrated optic amplifiers

The polarization-dependent absorption and emission spectra of the /sup 4/I/sub 13/2/-/sup 4/I/sub 15/2/ transition (/spl lambda//spl sim/1.5 /spl mu/m) in single crystal bulk Er:LiNbO/sub 3/ have been measured. Low-temperature (10 K) measurements of the Stark split energy levels of these two manifolds indicate at least two Er/sup 3+/ sites. McCumber theory is applied to determine the Er:LiNbO/sub 3/ absorption and emission cross sections. These values are used to calculate the gain characteristics of Er:LiNbO/sub 3/ channel waveguides. Calculations indicate that a gain of 10 dB is achievable in a waveguide of several centimeters using /spl sim/20-mW pump power. >
Mapping market mobility: Psychographic profiles and media exposure

Abstract Are there households in trading areas that have unique mobility predispositions? Can mobility types be monitored? And does mobility type relate to the life style and consumption patterns of households? This study examines the mobility and life style characteristics of suburbanites in a medium-sized city in an effort to discover the answers to these and other questions. In particular, the article suggests that mobility relates to life style and media usage, which in turn largely determines the quality of consumer demand and the most efficient media to reach such a market. If the composition of mobility types within a shopping area is changing, retailers should monitor these changes so that they can better predict retail demand—both quality and quantity. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to measure (1) the mobility characteristics of consumers—including their local moves, long-distance moves, and their predisposition to move; (2) the life styles and socioeconomic characteristics of consumers; and (3) the median exposures of households. The instrument was administered by personal interviews with 322 suburban housewives within a medium-sized trading area. The usage sample included 304 cases. The data support the hypotheses of the study; mobility types emerged from the analysis and these had distinctive life styles and media habits. Periodic sampling of households is suggested as an approach to monitoring mobility composition within the trading area.
Sidewinder: a scalable ILP-based router

We propose Sidewinder, a new global router that combines pattern routing and maze routing in a novel, incremental, ILP formulation. It is the first flat ILP-based approach scalable enough to consider over 104 GCells at once. Moreover, it also can be used as a component in previously proposed multi-level and progressive ILP schemes. Sidewinder is particularly good at finding routes with minimal via count, which can improve yield in sub-90nm technologies. Other innovations in our work include an ILP construction based on a dynamically-updated congestion map and the use ofC-shape routes to alleviate local congestion and improve routability. On well-known benchmarks, Sidewinder improves routed wirelength and reduces via count by over 6% compared to ILP-based BoxRouter 1.0 and 35.8% compared to DLM-based FGR 1.0. This easy-to-implement methodology is extensible to detail routing of ASICs as well as FPGAs where it can account for complex design rules and models.
The golden section

The golden section hypothesis, which predicts a specific proportion of positive and negative affective judgments, is described and tested in a marketing context. Results support the existence of the golden section in consumer judgments of a marketing stimulus and suggest that this affective response bias also exists within the independent factors that comprise the total judgment of a stimulus.
Sugar Content and Phosphorylase Activity in Stored Potatoes

Summary Sugar content and phosphorylase activity were measured periodically in tubers of 2 varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum: Russet Burbank and White Rose), which were stored for 45 days at 4 °C and 20 °C. At 4 °C the sucrose content of both varieties first increased, peaking at about 15-21 days, and then declined to its original level in 38-45 days. At the same temperature, the amount of reducing sugars tended to increase with time, reaching its highest level ta 21 days in the White Rose and at 45 days in the Russet Burbank. At 20 °C there was relatively little change in the content of either sucrose or reducing sugars in each variety during the storage period. The specific activity of phosphorylase from tubers of both varieties peaked at about 21-30 days at both temperatures, reaching higher values in the Russet Burbank than in the White Rose.
The Fair Benefits Approach Revisited

In this issue, Alex London and Kevin Zollman provide an analysis of an influential approach to the ethics of international research, known as the “fair benefits” approach. According to them, the fair benefits approach suffers from a fatal flaw: it is either too vague to be useful, or worse, is internally inconsistent. The fair benefits approach was developed based on a pre sentation I gave at a workshop organized in Malawi in March 2001 by the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center’s Department of Bioethics. In this presentation, I made what I still think is a valid point, which was accepted by the diverse group of participants and formed the basis of the subsequent publications: One should not require guaranteed availability of a product as a necessary condition for approval of research proposals. Research can address important health needs and priorities of host countries in other ways than by product development. This can be plausibly argued in the Thai Havrix case, for example. If that trial was the most prudent use of incountry resources to develop infrastructure to address important health needs and priorities for the Thai population, then it was justified even though the product of that trial itself was not particularly useful for the Thai population. Two additional claims that can be attributed to those who advocate the fair benefits approach are, however, rightly criticized by London and Zollman. These are, first, that only the distribution of burdens and benefits among those involved in a research proposal is relevant when judging its fairness, and second, that benefits should be distributed according to the relative contributions and risks borne by those involved. Those who contribute more and bear more risks should receive more of the benefits resulting from the interaction. In addition to ignoring background conditions of injustice, these claims fail to take into account why we do research in the first place. Surely it is appropriate to consider whether a proposal under consideration is a reasonable use of scarce resources in terms of its expected impact on the disease burden, inside the country or outside. The distribution of benefits among those involved in the individual transaction cannot be the only relevant consideration any more than reasonable availability of the product can be. The fair benefits approach tells us to distribute burdens and benefits according to the relative contributions of the parties to the individual transaction. It recommends the wrong action whenever there are alternatives open to us that represent a better use of scarce research
Using Web Service Enhancements to Establish Trust Relationships with Privacy Protection: (Extended and Invited from ICWS 2006 with id 47)

The lack of effective trust establishment mechanisms impedes the deployment of diverse trust models for web services. One issue is that collaborating organizations need mechanisms to bridge extant relationships among cooperating parties. We describe an indirect trust establishment mechanism to bridge and build new trust relationships from extant trust relationships with privacy protection. Another issue is that a trust establishment mechanism for web services must ensure privacy and owner control. Current web service technologies encourage a service requester to reveal all its private attributes in a pre-packaged credential to the service provider to fulfill the requirements for direct trust establishment. This may lead to privacy leakage. We propose a mechanism whereby the service requester discovers the service providerâ€™s requirements from a policy document, then formulates a trust primitive by selectively disclosing attributes in a pre-packaged credential to negotiate a trust relationship. Thus the service requesterâ€™s privacy is preserved.
Bahamian Subtidal Stromatolites (Oolitic!): ABSTRACT

Subtidal oolitic stromatolites are forming in normal marine waters (1-5 m) in the high energy oolitic sand environment on Eleuthera Bank, Bahamas. Penecontemporaneous marine cementation transforms these stromatolites into hardgrounds, some of which may localize subsequent reef development. Accretion of oolitic stromatolites results from trapping and binding of ooids by various algae. Direct precipitation from seawater of aragonite and/or high magnesium calcite, calcification of algal filaments by high magnesium calcite, or commonly a combination of both processes lithify these stromatolites to create hardground substrates. Degree of marine cementation increases downward from stromatolite surfaces. Stromatolites themselves are localized on other low-relief oolitic hardgrounds. Morphologies of oolitic stromatolites are strikingly similar to some Shark Bay algal stromatolites. Bahamian stromatolites originate as small pinnacles which can evolve into mounds over a meter in height. Individual pinnacled stromatolites also coalesce laterally into continuous elongated ridges which develop preferred orientations in response to local hydrographic conditions. Internal crude algal laminations often are destroyed by macroborers. Oolitic stromatolite growth is ephemeral, apparently controlled by the rate of burial by shifting oolitic sand. This physical stress, therefore, sufficiently excludes grazers and encrusters, permits algal binding of ooids and explains stromatolite development in normal marine waters. Buried stromatolites that become exposed are recolonized by algae and begin accreting upward. Where physical stresses are removed for longer periods of time, oolitic stromatolites become susceptible to colonization by coralgal organisms and represent an early stage of reef development. End_of_Article - Last_Page 565------------
Self-other differentiation: a cross-culturally invariant characteristic of mental patients

Perception of behavior toward self and toward significant others was studied in mental patients from three cultures and compared to normals' from the same culture. It was found that differentiation between self and other was lower for patients than for normals, the difference being greater for schizophrenics than for mildly disturbed individuals.
Hyperthermia and radiation in combination: a clinical fractionation regime.

Abstract A fractionation regime has been devised and clinically tested to use a combination of hyperthermia and low dose radiation therapy to treat tumors with a curative intent. Hyperthermia is induced using microwaves delivered to a defined tissue volume through specially designed applicators. Frequencies of 2450, 915 or 300 MHz are used according to the desired penetration depth. Each treatment lasts for 90 minutes. The skin is cooled by an air jet. Tissue temperature is kept at 45°C when hyperthermia alone is used and at 42°C in combination with radiation. Patients are treated twice a week with 72 hour intervals between treatments. The regime consists of 4 treatments of hyperthermia alone followed by a week of rest. Thereafter each hyperthermia treatment is preceded by a 400 rad fraction of x-irradiation delivered in 4 combined treatments to a total of 1600 rad. This low total radiation dose allows retreatment of previously irradiated areas or organs. No toxicity induced by this combination has been detected, even in areas previously radiated to high doses. Twenty-three patients have been entered into the protocol that encompasses 37 treatment fields. Most tumors respond to treatment, many of these with total disappearance; skin, brain, breast and spinal cord are among the treated areas. Melanomas and lymphomas are the most sensitive tumors, sarcomas the most resistant; adeno and squamous cell carcinoma in between.
Sequoia: programming the memory hierarchy

We present Sequoia, a programming language designed to facilitate the development of memory hierarchy aware parallel programs that remain portable across modern machines featuring different memory hierarchy configurations. Sequoia abstractly exposes hierarchical memory in the programming model and provides language mechanisms to describe communication vertically through the machine and to localize computation to particular memory locations within it. We have implemented a complete programming system, including a compiler and runtime systems for Cell processor-based blade systems and distributed memory clusters, and demonstrate efficient performance running Sequoia programs on both of these platforms.
EARLY PRIMARY GRAFT FAILURE AFTER A PEDIATRIC HEART TRANSPLANT AND SUCCESSFUL RESCUE WITH PLASMAPHERESIS, IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND ALEMTUZUMAB

Early primary graft failure after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) has a high mortality rate. Rescue of graft function with extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and alemtuzumab can be achieved. 15-year-old boy with dilated cardiomyopathy required a left ventricular assist device 6
Fast Solving of Influence Diagrams for Multiagent Planning on GPU-enabled Architectures

Planning under uncertainty in multiagent settings is highly intractable because of history and plan space complexities. Probabilistic graphical models exploit the structure of the problem domain to mitigate the computational burden. In this paper, we introduce the first parallelization of planning in multiagent settings on a CPU-GPU heterogeneous system. In particular, we focus on the algorithm for exactly solving interactive dynamic influence diagrams, which is a recognized graphical models for multiagent planning. Beyond parallelizing the standard Bayesian inference, the computation of decisions' expected utilities are parallelized. The GPU-based approach provides significant speedup on two benchmark problems.
A note on the estimation of limited dependent variable models under rational expectations

Abstract In this paper we derive the expressions for the expected price in a disequilibrium model with upper and lower limits on prices under rational expectation, relaxing the assumption of perfect foresight made in earlier studies. We prove the uniqueness of the solution to the rational expectations model and outline the estimation method and iterative procedure.
Update on Epidemiology of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) comprise the majority of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Despite the rarity of these diseases, new insights into the epidemiology and pathophysiology of MF/SS are rapidly emerging that should lead to improved diagnosis and treatment. Here we discuss updates on MF/SS incidence, prognosis and survival, clinical variants, disease biomarkers, pathophysiology, genetics, and disease progression.
Anatomical, chemical, and ecological factors affecting tree species choice in dendrochemistry studies

Recently, element concentrations in tree rings have been used to monitor metal contamination, fertilization, and the effects of acid precipitation on soils. This has stimulated interest in which tree species may be suitable for use in studies of long-term trends in environmental chemistry. Potential radial translocation of elements across living boundaries can be a confounding factor in assessing environmental change. The selection of species which minimizes radial translocation of elements can be critical to the success of dendrochemical research. Criteria for selection of species with characteristics favorable for dendrochemical analysis are categorized into (1) habitat-based factors, (2) xylem-based factors, and (3) element-based factors. A wide geographic range and ecological amplitude provide an advantage in calibration and better controls on the effects of soil chemistry. The most important xylem-based criteria are heartwood moisture content, permeability, and the nature of the sapwood-heartwood transition. The element of interest is important in determining suitable tree species because all elements are not equally mobile or detectable in the xylem. Ideally, the tree species selected for dendrochemical study will be long-lived, grow on a wide range of sites over a large geographic distribution, have a distinct heartwood with a low number of rings in the sapwood,more » a low heartwood moisture content, and have low radial permeability. Recommended temperate zone North American species include white oak (Quercus alba L.), post oak (Q. stellate Wangenh.), eastern redcedar (funiperus virginiana L.), old-growth Douglas-fir [Pseudoaugu menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.). In addition, species such as bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata Engelm. syn. longaeva), old-growth redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.], and giant sequoia [S. gigantea (Lindl.) Deene] may be suitable for local purposes. 118 refs., 2 tabs.« less