cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 233: Evidence for an Interaction Between Systemic and Renal Angiotensinogen in the Control of Arterial Pressure

Both the liver and proximal tubule make angiotensinogen (AGT), and overexpression of AGT in either region increases blood pressure (BP). To determine the relative contributions of renal and systemic AGT in modulating BP, mice were used with AGT overexpression in kidney (K), liver (L) or both sites (KL). Male transgenic and wildtype (WT) controls aged 24 weeks underwent BP recording via telemetry and metabolic cage studies on normal (0.25%) and high (3.2%) sodium diets. Mean BP (MAP) was higher in K and KL vs L and WT mice fed normal salt, while MAP in L mice was higher than controls. High salt intake did not alter MAP in WT, K or KL mice but increased it in L mice. Plasma AGT levels, plasma renin concentration, urine Na excretion and urine volume were similar between groups regardless of sodium intake. Urinary AGT (ng/day) on normal sodium intake was: WT: 5±1, L: 4±1, K: 20±5 and KL: 34±9. High salt increased urine AGT in all groups (WT: 19±4, L: 42±8, K: 290±75, KL: 407± 72). High salt did not alter plasma AGT levels but reduced plasma renin concentration in all groups. Taken together, these data show a correlation between urinary AGT and BP. Mice with renal AGT overexpression may be maximally hypertensive on a normal sodium diet since renal AGT is already high. Mice with liver AGT overexpression have mild hypertension on a normal sodium diet that is exacerbated by high sodium intake; this is associated with a significant increase in urinary AGT as compared to WT animals. Thus, systemic AGT may have the potential to regulate renal AGT and this effect may be a key determinant of BP.
Transnational Feminist Governance: Mobilizing, Implementing, and Correcting Women's Rights Reforms in the Criminal Justice Response to Human Trafficking

This paper maps the interplay between local and transnational social movements addressing human trafficking and exploitation in the commercial sex industry. I explore the sexual politics of legal mobilization and the operation of new governance mechanisms created by collaborative taskforces partnering NGO advocates with criminal justice actors in the processing of trafficking cases. This paper demonstrates the complex ways different policy makers and social movement organizations engage "women's rights" - focusing on sexual suffering and victimization -- to frame interventions, attract media and financial resources, and secure political influence to advance movement goals in both local and international fora.
Mucocutaneous findings associated with interleukin (IL)-17 inhibition.

Sialadenitis, inflammation of a salivary gland, typically presents with pain, swelling, and erythema of the oral mucosa. In particular, lymphocytic sialadenitis is most commonly associated with Sjogren's syndrome and hepatitis C viral infection but has never been described in the setting of interleukin (IL)-17 inhibition. We report a case of lymphocytic sialadenitis in the setting of ixekizumab treatment for psoriasis.
Silver Top of Bluegrass

Silver-topped panicles of bluegrass were as large as presumably normal panicles but produced few if any viable seeds. Either maggots of the family Cloropidae or insect exit holes were found just above the last node in about 14% of examined silvertopped stems in 1958. Oscinella neocoxendix Sabrosky and O. coxendix (Fitch) were reared from stems with blasted seed heads. Seven other species of Chloropidae were collected by sweep net from bluegrass fields. A life cycle of the flies was not completed in the laboratory but silver top was produced in the spring after flies had been released on caged bluegrass in the fall. The common type of silver top was not. produced by mechanical injury, virus transmission techniques or bluegrass plant bugs.
The Nearctic Species of the Filth Fly Genus Meoneura (Diptera, Milichiidae)

In this taxonomic study the species of Meoneura known from North America are increased from 3 to a total of 12. A key to these is given, and each is described and its male terminalia figured. M. pteropleuralis and M. digitata (Nebraska), M. polita (Texas to California and Washington), M. forcipata (British Columbia), and M. wirthi (California and Washington) are new species; M. obscurella (Fallen) ( = Agromyza tritici Fitch), new synonymy.
Psychomotor development of children with congenital hypothyroidism (The greek screening programme)

Psychomotor development of children with congenital hypothyroidism (The greek screening programme)
Gas-bubble effects on the formation of colloidal iron oxide nanocrystals.

This paper reports that gas bubbles can be used to tailor the kinetics of the nucleation and growth of inorganic-nanocrystals in a colloidal synthesis. We conducted a mechanistic study of the synthesis of colloidal iron oxide nanocrystals using gas bubbles generated by boiling solvents or artificial Ar bubbling. We identified that bubbling effects take place through absorbing local latent heat released from the exothermic reactions involved in the nucleation and growth of iron oxide nanocrystals. Our results show that gas bubbles display a stronger effect on the nucleation of iron oxide nanocrystals than on their growth. These results indicate that the nucleation and growth of iron oxide nanocrystals may rely on different types of chemical reactions between the iron–oleate decomposition products: the nucleation relies on the strongly exothermic, multiple-bond formation reactions, whereas the growth of iron oxide nanocrystals may primarily depend upon single-bond formation reactions. The identification of ...
A-Si:H Thin Film Transistors and Logic Circuits Fabricated in an Integrated Multichamber System

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film-transistors (TFT’s) and logic circuits have been fabricated using a simple 3-mask process. Inverted staggered TFT structures were prepared in a multichamber UHV-compatible system that provides: 1) sequential deposition of dielectrics, and intrinsic and doped a-Si:H by remote plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (Remote PECVD) in a single deposition chamber; 2) in-situ surface analysis by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES); and 3) dry etching of deposited thin films by Remote plasma-enhanced etching, Remote PEE. A field-effect electron mobility of 0.74 cm2/V-s, and a threshold voltage of 2.5 Volts have been measured at room temperature in the TFTs. The on/off current ratio of the TFT exceeds 106. The a-Si:H TFT logic circuits, 2-transistor inverters and addressable 6-transistor static memory cells, operate at a supply voltage of as low as 8 Volts. The experimental results indicate that high performance a-Si:H thin film devices can be fabricated by sequential Remote plasma processing in a multichamber integrated system.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of State Regulatory Review

This article provides a systematic empirical study of how differences in regulatory review processes across the fifty US states affect the level of regulation. We examine whether rules for regulatory review matter in terms of lowering the overall level of regulation in states. Our findings suggest that sunset provisions are the most effective means of reducing state regulatory levels. Requirements for reviewing the fiscal impacts of new regulations on state government budgets and to present lower-cost alternatives for achieving the same policy goals also appear to be somewhat effective. There is limited evidence that a regulatory review process within the state legislative branch or an independent agency reduces new regulations.
Axion Bose-Einstein Condensation

Cosmological cold axions form a Bose-Einstein condensate if the axions thermalize. Recently,it was found[1]that they do thermalize when the photon temperature reaches T～100 eV(f/1012GeV) 1/2 and that they continue to do so thereafter.We discuss the differences between axion BEC and CDM in the linear regime and the non-linear regime of evolution of density perturbations.
Precise measurement of the Higgs boson mass with the CMS detector

Using the high mass resolution channels H→γγ and H→ZZ⁎→4l, where the leptons are electrons or muons, a precise measurement of the Higgs boson mass is obtained. The analysis is based on pp collision data collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5 fb-1 and 19.7 fb-1, respectively. The results, together with the strategy of the measurement and the methods to control the main systematic errors on the energy and momentum scale, are discussed in detail.
Conclusion: Memories of Confession in Seventeenth-century England

Throughout this book, I have traced how several Elizabethan writers explored auricular confession’s relationship with private and public memory. On the surface, treatments of the value of the rite’s consolatory benefits for addressing memories of sin did not alter over the course of the seventeenth century. Much of this continuity is due to a retention of the rite in the Book of Common Prayer and, more fundamentally, its scriptural authorization in the Epistle of James. Unlike other pre-Reformation practices that had been associated with the doctrine of Purgatory, such as prayers for the dead, the approved rite for the administration and reception of private confession remained essentially unchanged.1 The great exception to this pattern occurred after the suppression of the Prayer Book in 1645 for its intended replacement, A Directory for Publique Worship of God (1645), which eliminated the rites of private confession and absolution.2 In the 1662 Prayer Book, however, these rites were restored, though in a slightly modified form, to their former position in “The Order for the Visitation of the Sick.” Much as they were in the 1549 Edwardian Prayer Book, ministers are directed to do the following: “Here shall the sicke person be moved to make a special confession of his sins, if he feel his conscience troubled with any weighty matter. After which confession, the Priest shall absolve him (if he humbly and heartily desire it) after this sort” (Cummings, ed. 445).3
The End of the History of Russian Philosophy: The 2000s

When we turn to contemporary histories of Russian philosophy from Russia, we see that in regards to content, they do not differ substantially from a good portion of their nineteenth- and twentieth-century predecessors. In histories from the 2000s, we again find a frequent focus on the religious tradition, with only a few histories addressing university philosophy in any substantial way. However, what sets the contemporary writing of the history of Russian philosophy apart is an astonishing increase in volume. This chapter addresses the historical boom in Russian philosophy, which began in the late 1980s/early 1990s and peaked in the 2000s. I argue that histories from this period are consistent with many structural and methodological traditions of the genre but that the sheer volume of opinions in the 2000s has led to a fragmentation of the discipline in the 2010s, both within Russian philosophy and among its external critics.
Understanding Student Motivation: A Key to Retention in Higher Education

This paper explores what motivates college students at different stages of their academic studies. Using Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the researchers conducted a survey of 535 students in three south-western universities to determine if motivations changed throughout their academic careers. Results showed that students at different stages of their college careers have different concerns and, as such, different motivational strategies are needed to respond to their concerns. Implications are given to grow and retain enrolment.
Life and Works of Ibn al-Haytham

This chapter is about the life 05.2) and works (§§5.3–5.5) of Ibn al-Haytham (965-ca. 1041). In my account the emphasis will be on aspects relevant to the Completion of the Conics. More detailed surveys of other aspects of his work can be found in the article Ibn al-Haytham by Sabra in DSB VI,189–210 and in Schramm’s article Ibn al-Haytham’s Stellung in der Geschichte der Wissenschaften.
The Application of Semigroup Theory

The skeleton key which brings order out of all this chaos is the theory of semigroups; its application to Markov processes was developed in the early 1950’s, with W. Feller doing the pioneering work.
Digital image files in light microscopy.

Publisher Summary The chapter discuses the image files from the standpoint of a non-computer scientist/graphics artist and emphasizes understanding the basic concepts and providing the individual biology researcher with the tools to make informed decisions about generating, manipulating, and storing graphics image files. Digital micrography can be used to represent single images of fixed material or to capture motion picture sequences of living cells. The use of computers for biological imaging follows an oral tradition based on colleagues and collaborators. While such an approach can propagate useful information, it can also perpetuate misconceptions, leading to bad digital habits. In many settings, standard protocols for generating and storing image files—on the basis of information from “the guy down the hall”—are developed without empirically determining which method is the best. With the rebirth of light microscopy as an analytical and quantitative tool, the use and manipulation of digital graphics files has become essential for the cell/ molecular biologist. Digital imaging has largely replaced 35-mm photography as a way to record micrographs. When used properly, digital image files allow for quantitative measurements of cellular activities. Proper use entails generating files with high bit depth (12 bit) and saving the files uncompressed. Images with lower bit depth (8 bit) can be used for presentation, and these files can be saved with compression to facilitate easy sharing.
A Comparison of the Dynamic Life Cycles of Tropospheric Medium-Scale Waves and Stratospheric Planetary Waves

This paper presents a comparison of the dynamic life cycles exhibited by a) baroclinically-forced medium-scale waves in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) troposphere, and b) tropospherically-forced, vertically-propagating planetary waves in the SH winter stratosphere. Cross correlation analyses of nine years of daily data reveal the characteristic EP flux signatures and wave-induced mean flow tendencies during wave growth, maturity and decay. Wave source and sink regions are shown, and strong midlatitude Rossby wave radiation towards low latitudes is observed in both instances. Tropospheric waves are shown to influence the zonal mean flow deep into the lower stratosphere (up to 30 mb). Wave-induced mean flow accelerations in the troposphere are to a large degree reversible between wave growth and decay, whereas the stratospheric waves exert a predominant oneway influence only (zonal flow deceleration). The midlatitude stratospheric waves are also shown to have a delayed, secondary influence in the subtropical upper stratosphere; this may be the statistical signature of planetary wave reflection (or overreflection) from a low latitude critical region.
Kinematic Analysis of Robot Manipulators

From the Publisher: A robot manipulator is a movable chain of links interconnected by joints. One end is fixed to the ground, and a hand or end effector that can move freely in space is attached at the other end. This book begins with an introduction to the subject of robot manipulators. Next, it describes in detail a forward and reverse analysis for serial robot arms. Most of the text focuses on closed-form solution techniques applied to a broad range of manipulator geometries, from typical industrial robot designs (relatively simple geometries) to the most complicated case of seven general links serially connected by six revolute joints. A unique feature of this text is its detailed analysis of 6R-P and 7R mechanisms. Case studies show how the techniques described in the book are used in real engineering applications. The book meets the need for a thorough, up-to-date analysis of the structure and mobility of serial manipulators and will be useful to both graduate students and engineers working in the field of robotics.
Gender differences in relations between alcohol-related compensatory behavior and eating pathology.

Concerns about caloric intake associated with alcohol use (e.g., fear of weight gain) are positively associated with compensatory eating behaviors (e.g., caloric restriction, self-induced vomiting), a phenomenon that has been identified across gender. Specific motivations for compensatory behaviors differ; some relate to eating disorder (ED) pathology (e.g., shape and weight concerns), and others to alcohol (e.g., enhancing effects). Research examining motivations for alcohol-related compensatory behaviors in men is limited to date. The current study sought to assess how specific types of alcohol-related compensatory behaviors and their association with ED pathology present differently by gender. Undergraduates (N = 530, 48% female) completed the Compensatory Eating Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS), Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), and reported height, weight, and frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. Data were examined using linear regression, and relations between CEBRACS behaviors and eating pathology were compared across gender. Factors that were positively associated with EDDS scores for both men and women included alcohol-related dietary restraint, and exercise. For women, but not men, alcohol-related bulimic behavior also contributed to elevations in EDDS scores. Findings indicate that specific types of alcohol-related compensatory eating behaviors (i.e., dietary restraint and exercise) are positively related to ED pathology for both male and female participants. In contrast, bulimic behaviors’ association with ED pathology is gender specific. Understanding gender differences in alcohol-related compensatory behaviors and ED risk may inform gender-specific intervention targets. Cross-sectional descriptive study, Level V.
Across-Day Lower Limb Pattern Recognition Performance of a Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis

Powered lower limb prostheses have the capabilities to assist individuals with a lower limb amputation during ambulation. While these devices can generate power at the knee and/or ankle to assist with incline walking and stair climbing, it is difficult to control the transition between these ambulation modes in a seamless and natural way. Pattern recognition has been suggested as an alternative to using a key fob to switch between modes and recent results have shown reliable performance (less than 5% error rate) across five ambulation modes. In this study we investigated performance of a similar system across multiple sessions of use, a necessary step prior to clinical use. Two individuals with a transfemoral amputation used a powered knee-ankle for five ambulation activities including level-ground walking, ramp ascent, ramp descent, stair ascent, and stair descent over four sessions spaced out over at least two months. An intent recognition system was trained using embedded prosthesis mechanical sensors with varying amounts of data collected across the sessions to determine the effect of multi-session use and increased variation in the activities trained. Overall system error rate decreased from 1.45% [0.3%] when the system was trained with Session 1 data only and tested with Session 4 data to 0.60% [0.02%] when the system was trained with Sessions 1–3 data and tested with Session 4 data. These results demonstrate that a reliable intent recognition system can be created with multiple sessions of use, bringing lower limb intent recognition systems for powered prostheses one step closer to clinical viability.
Synthesis and mixing of complex halide perovskites by solvent-free solid-state methods

Abstract Halide perovskites are exciting photoactive semiconductors with exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties. Literature in this area focuses on solution phase aspects of these materials, for example in inks for solar cells, or the growth of bulk or nanosized crystals. Critically, varying solute-solvent interactions often cause heavily mixed perovskites to have compositions that strongly deviate from their synthetic loading. In contrast, complex halide perovskites prepared by solid-state methods in the absence of solvents display much more predictable compositions and significantly suppressed phase segregation. Further, because they generate less waste, solvent-free methods are often ‘greener’ and more industrially scalable. Herein, we review the solvent-free methods used to synthesize single composition ‘parent’ and heavily mixed perovskites in the solid-state. We discuss the known mechanisms for ion diffusion involved in these transformations, summarize and contrast their main benefits and features, and review their use in the preparation of mixed-cation and/or mixed-halide perovskites.
Advancing photovoltaics and thermophotovoltaics with supradegeneracy

Abstract An ongoing challenge facing photovoltaics (PV) and thermophotovoltaics (TPV) is to improve the relatively poor efficiency with which they convert blackbody radiation into electricity. Analysis indicates that a recently proposed phenomenon from statistical mechanics – supradegeneracy – might boost this efficiency and increase system power densities. Supradegeneracy might also expand the palette of attractive PV/TPV materials, allow lower operating temperatures for TPVs, and thereby increase their robustness, reliability, and lifespan. Laboratory tests of the supradegeneracy concept have begun.
Precision transplant pathology.

Purpose of review Transplant pathology contributes substantially to personalized treatment of organ allograft recipients. Rapidly advancing next-generation human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sequencing and pathology are enhancing the abilities to improve donor/recipient matching and allograft monitoring. Recent findings The present review summarizes the workflow of a prototypical patient through a pathology practice, highlighting histocompatibility assessment and pathologic review of tissues as areas that are evolving to incorporate next-generation technologies while emphasizing critical needs of the field. Summary Successful organ transplantation starts with the most precise pratical donor-recipient histocompatibility matching. Next-generation sequencing provides the highest resolution donor-recipient matching and enables eplet mismatch scores and more precise monitoring of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) that may arise after transplant. Multiplex labeling combined with hand-crafted machine learning is transforming traditional histopathology. The combination of traditional blood/body fluid laboratory tests, eplet and DSA analysis, traditional and next-generation histopathology, and -omics-based platforms enables risk stratification and identification of early subclinical molecular-based changes that precede a decline in allograft function. Needs include software integration of data derived from diverse platforms that can render the most accurate assessment of allograft health and needs for immunosuppression adjustments.
Professional Voice Users: An Overview of Medical Disorders and Treatments

Numerous medical conditions may affect voice. Such medical conditions create voice and whole-body performance difficulties. Common medical conditions include infection and inflammation, sinusitis, allergy, respiratory tract infection, autoimmune disease, obesity, aging, hearing loss, respiratory dysfunction, endocrine and neurologic disorders, psychologic impairment, and structural lesions of the larynx. Practitioners and performers, including athletes and coaches, should be familiar with these conditions and their implications when evaluating, treating, and training performers such as athletes.
The Differential Effects of Feedback Provision on Students’ Performance on Test-Based Assessments

Modern societies need higher education systems that are strongly grounded on scientific knowledge and evidence-based teaching tools. This laboratory-based study extended Chase and Houmanfar (2009), examining the effects of basic and elaborate feedback on participants’ performance measured with two sets of tests administered after a college-level text was studied. The use of Tobii® Pro X2-60 eye trackers allowed for detection of students’ orientation toward the displayed feedback. The eye tracker results showed that participants spent more time reading their incorrect answers than the correct answers, but this lingering of their eye gazes on the screen did not have a positive correlation with the performance and the final test. However, other factors such as the feedback provision need to be more closely considered. The experimental findings also demonstrated that the presence of feedback following the first test phase improved the performance of the final test and that the elaborate feedback had the largest effect when the participants where naive about the topic studied during the experimental session.
Computational study of Li 3 BO 3 and Li 3 BN 2 II: Stability analysis of pure phases and of model interfaces with Li anodes

Both ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BN}}_{2}$ materials have promising properties for use in all solid-state batteries and other technologies dependent on electrolytes with significant ionic conductivity. As the second of a two-part study, the structural properties of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BO}}_{3}$ and three reported phases of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BN}}_{2}$ are investigated using first-principles modeling techniques. For $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BN}}_{2}$, the tetragonal $P{4}_{2}/mnm$ structure reported in the literature is found to be unstable as evidenced by imaginary phonon modes near the M point of its Brillouin zone. Our simulations within the harmonic approximation suggest that the real $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ phase has the orthorhombic space group symmetry $Pmmn$ formed with twice as many formula units and tiny adjustments of the equivalent lattice parameters and fractional coordinates. Extending the analysis of the $Pmmn\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BN}}_{2}$ structure to the quasiharmonic approximation improves the agreement between the room-temperature x-ray pattern reported in the literature and the corresponding simulation results. In anticipation of the use of the monoclinic phases of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BN}}_{2}$ in Li ion conducting applications, chemical stability is investigated in terms of free-energy differences of possible decomposition and Li reaction processes, finding encouraging results. As further investigations of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BO}}_{3}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{BN}}_{2}$ as electrolyte or coating materials, particularly for use with Li metal anodes, idealized electrolyte/Li interfaces were investigated in terms of their geometric, energetic, and electronic properties. The results find the electrolyte/Li interfaces to be quite favorable, perhaps comparable to the pioneering LiPON/Li system.
Neuronal Gluconeogenesis Regulate Systemic Glucose Homeostasis

Gluconeogenesis is a well-established metabolic process whereby glucose is generated from small carbon molecules in the liver and kidney, for the purpose to maintain blood glucose levels. Yet, expression of gluconeogenic genes in other organs been reported in both mammals and insects, but the function of these process in these organs is unknown. Using a FRET-based glucose sensor, we show for the first time that a small subset of neurons in the fly brain is capable to carry out gluconeogenesis. Food deprivation causes Glucose 6 Phosphatase (G6P) mutant flies to develop hypoglycemia within 24 hours. Remarkably, this phenotype can be rescued through temperature-controlled activation of G6P expressing neurons, indicating that neural activity can mimic glucose production. Lastly, we observe that neuronal gluconeogenesis promotes anterograde NPF distribution from the soma to axon terminals, suggesting that the generation of glucose facilitates the transport of neuropeptide. Together, our analysis reveals a novel role for gluconeogenesis in neuronal signaling.
Electron transport in parallel interacting artificial molecules

The low-field conductance of interacting artificial molecular wires is simulated using a single-electron model. Coupled artificial molecules consisting of parallel chains of open quantum dots in a two-dimensional electron gas display a split-off molecular band with an energy separation that grows with the coupling strength. The position of the Fermi energy relative to the molecular band states plays a dominant role in determining the low-field conductance. The predicted conductance variation with coupling for dual five-atom molecular wires ranges from oscillatory to monotonic, depending on the Fermi energy. For electron energies near a resonant state, results imply that conductance measurements on molecules in parallel could vary significantly with the inter-molecular spacing.
Differences in Sexual Risk Behaviors Between College Students with Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Experience: Results from a National Survey

The goal of this study was to identify differences in the sexual health behaviors (condom use and number of sexual partners) between college students with same-sex sexual experiences and those with only opposite-sex partners. Data from a random sample of American university students were gathered as part of the 1997 College Alcohol Study. Odds ratios were estimated for consistent condom use and multiple sex partners for students with same-sex or both-sex sexual partners compared to those with exclusively heterosexual contacts. Five percent of respondents reported ever having a same-sex partner. Significant differences in safer-sex practices were found between groups. Females with both-sex experience and males with both-sex or only same-sex experiences were more likely to report multiple recent sexual partners than their peers with only opposite-sex partners. Odds ratios of consistent condom use were lower for men with only same-sex experience than among those with only opposite-sex partners. Findings have implications for sexual health education on the college campus. Consistent condom use remains low among college students. Education programs should emphasize the importance of limiting the number of lifetime sex partners, especially among students with same-sex experiences.
HYPERBOLIC STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Simulations of turbulences revealed the existence of minimal surfaces. Hence negative Gaussian curvature and hyperbolic geometric surfaces should be further investigated. The Bolyai-Lobachevsky formula of hyperbolic geometry relates variances in statistics to the area of a triangle and its defect when the well known orthogonal regression analysis is considered. Surfaces used in statistics should specify compatibility conditions.
Developing flexible models and efficient tools for reconfiguration of HUMS architectures

In general, any system needs to be frequently checked for upgrade or replacement of its components due to improvements in the underlying technology development and/or changing user requirements. This calls for system reconfiguration. In collaboration with NASA, Langley Research Center, we have been working on developing techniques to handle reconfiguration for Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) (Mukkamala et al., 2003). This paper mainly deals with the generalization aspect of reconfiguration with suggested system architecture. We also handle the problem of ripple effect with a proposed iterative model.
Synaptic transmission between pairs of retinal amacrine cells in culture

We have examined synaptic transmission between isolated pairs of chick GABAergic amacrine cells, maintained in sparse culture and identified by their binding of an amacrine cell-selective antibody. Using the perforated-patch method to whole-cell clamp both cells of a pair, postsynaptic currents were examined for step depolarizations of the "presynaptic" cell. Synaptic transmission, frequently reciprocal, was calcium dependent and reversibly blocked by bicuculline. Post-synaptic currents, excluding those due to ohmic electrical coupling, were elicited only for presynaptic voltage steps positive to about -40 mV and were always very noisy, suggesting that they were summed from relatively small numbers of quanta. Postsynaptic currents continued well after the termination of the 100 msec presynaptic voltage step when the step was to -10 mV, or positive to this value. This result is interpreted to imply that presynaptic calcium concentration remains elevated after the membrane is returned to its holding potential. When presynaptic voltages were kept low or else presynaptic voltage was uncontrolled, spontaneous quantal events mediated by GABAA receptors could often be seen. Quanta rose quickly (less than 4 msec) and decayed with a mean time constant of 19.3 msec. The amplitude distributions of quantal currents were positively skewed, sometimes showing rare quanta of exceptionally large amplitude. Peak conductance per quantum was about 300 pS, corresponding to the simultaneous opening of only 17 GABAA channels and corresponding to a net flux of only 32 x 10(3) Cl- ions per millivolt of driving force. Estimates of the maximum sustained release rate at individual release sites suggest an upper bound of between 19 and 42 quanta per second.
Kähler–Einstein metrics along the smooth continuity method

We show that if a Fano manifold M is K-stable with respect to special degenerations equivariant under a compact group of automorphisms, then M admits a Kahler–Einstein metric. This is a strengthening of the solution of the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture for Fano manifolds by Chen–Donaldson–Sun (Int Math Res Not (8):2119–2125, 2014), and can be used to obtain new examples of Kahler–Einstein manifolds. We also give analogous results for twisted Kahler–Einstein metrics and Kahler–Ricci solitons.
Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland

Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Helen C. Rountree and Thomas E. Davidson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997.330 pp.
Increased antimycobacterial immunity in interleukin-10-deficient mice.

Macrophage effector functions are essential for clearing mycobacterial infections. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) negatively regulates macrophages and could be a factor inhibiting effective antimycobacterial immunity. We previously showed that transgenic mice which produce excess IL-10 from T cells are susceptible to infection, even though these mice continue to produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ) at levels similar to those in controls. Here, we extend our genetic analysis of the functions of IL-10 in antimycobacterial immunity by testing the hypothesis that IL-10-deficient (IL-10−/−) mice should be more resistant to mycobacteria than control mice. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin-infected IL-10−/− mice had significantly lower bacterial burdens than control mice early in the infection. Contrary to expectations, however, IL-10−/− mice did not have increased levels of IFN-γ, either from T cells or in the plasma, suggesting that other mechanisms are responsible for the increased resistance. However, macrophages from IL-10−/− mice produced increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, as well as nitric oxide and prostaglandins, which could account for increased antimycobacterial immunity. Our genetic analysis revealed that IL-10 is an inhibitor of early mycobacterial clearance. The data also suggest that IL-10 negatively regulates numerous macrophage functions as well as playing a role in down-regulating the general inflammatory response, especially in conditions where an infection must be controlled through macrophage activity.
Low cost and non-toxic preparation of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 absorber material for thin film photovoltaics and studies its structural and thermal properties

Unlike Si Thin film solar cells have appealed scientific community due to direct band gap properties requiring less quantity of material. In thin film solar cells, CdTe and CIGS are prominent candidates with PCE 17% and 20%, respectively. Large scale production from CdTe and CIGS is limited due to unavailability of the elements (In, Te) and environmental concerns with toxic Cd. Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) has emerged as a potential candidate in thin film photovoltaic due to its non-toxicity, low cost and economic availability of precursors. CZTS is a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 1.5 eV and an absorption coefficient of 104 cm-1. Conventional synthesis techniques are either energy intensive or use toxic chemicals. In this work, Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 was successfully prepared by wet chemistry route using a non-toxic solvent. CZTS precursor solution was prepared in a mixture of water and ethanol using metal chlorides and Thiourea as source of sulfur. XRD analysis revealed that binary and ternary sulfide phases formed at 250 °C. However, by increasing temperature up to 300 °C, pure CZTS compound is formed with a change in lattice parameters. SEM studies of surface morphology and particle size analyses were carried out. Furthermore, thermal behavior of the as-fabricated powders is depicted using the thermogravimetric analysis. Spin coating technique was successfully applied for thin film formation on a soda lime glass substrate.
Engagement in muscular strengthening activities is associated with better sleep.

Few studies have examined whether engagement in muscular strengthening activities is associated with sleep duration, which was the purpose of this study. Data from the population-based 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, which included an analytic sample of 4386 adults (20–85 yrs). Sleep duration and engagement in muscle strengthening activities was self-reported. After adjustments (including aerobic-based physical activity), those engaging in muscular strength activities, compared to those not engaging in muscular strengthening activities, had an 19% increased odds of meeting sleep guidelines (7–8 h/night) (Odds Ratio = 1.19, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.01–1.38, P = 0.04). Promotion of muscular strengthening activities by clinicians should occur not only for improvements in other aspects of health (e.g., cardiovascular benefits), but also to help facilitate optimal sleep duration.
Theory-based bias correction in dispositional inference: The fundamental attribution error is dead, long live the correspondence bias

Social psychological research has repeatedly shown that perceivers draw correspondent dispositional inferences from observed behaviour even when this behaviour was highly constrained by situational factors (i.e., the correspondence bias). Even though this phenomenon has been proposed to be multiply determined, the most common explanation is still that perceivers ubiquitously consider situational factors to have little impact on human behaviour (i.e., the fundamental attribution error). The present chapter offers a critical analysis of the available empirical evidence on the correspondence bias from the perspective of theory-based bias correction. It is concluded that the correspondence bias results from a number of different processes associated with the application of perceivers' causal theories about situational influences on human behaviour. However, there is no evidence for the assumption that the correspondence bias is due to causal theories implying that situational factors have little impact on hum...
Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity

Le CCl 4 provoque une degenerescence lipidique et une necrose centrolobulaire du foie. Relation entre le metabolisme et l'hepatotoxicite du CCl 4 . Implication du CCl 4 dans la peroxydation lipidique et les troubles hepatocellulaires de l'homeostase du calcium
Murine Sca-1+/Lin− cells and human KG1a cells exhibit multiple pseudopod morphologies during migration

Abstract Objective The migration of primitive hematopoietic cells has been studied mostly via population-based assays while the actual mechanisms of cell motion have been defined by tracking individual mature cells. In this report, we examined individual immature hematopoietic cells to determine if any notable differences in migration mechanisms exist due to the primitive nature of the cells. Materials and Methods Murine cells of the Sca-1 + /Lin − phenotype were isolated from C57BL/6 mice using Miltenyi bead purification and flow cytometric sorting. These cells were then observed for long periods of time with an environmentally controlled time-lapse microscope system in either multiwell plates or micropore transwell chambers. Experiments were also performed with the human KG1a immature hematopoietic cell line. Results Murine Sca-1 + /Lin − immature hematopoietic cells and human KG1a cells were observed to exhibit a variety of mechanisms/morphologies during migration, which include the classic "hand mirror" shape; broad, flat lamellipodia; trailing uropodia; dynamic filopodia; and retraction fibers. Time-lapse observations of transmembrane assays revealed long, thin magnupodia passing through the pores, while other measurements show magnupods can generate forces capable of accelerating a cell to a velocity of 5 microns/minute. Conclusion Many of these mechanisms have been reported separately for differentiated cells; however, we show that immature hematopoietic cells are capable of exhibiting all of these mechanisms of migration. These data provide insight into the loss of phenotypic functions as stem cells differentiate.
High-power CW mid-IR quantum cascade lasers

We report the cw operation of quantum cascade lasers that do not require cryogenic cooling and emit at λ = 4.7-6.2 μm. At 200 K, more than 1 W of output power is obtained from 12-μm-wide stripes, with a wall-plug efficiency (ηwall) near 10%. Room-temperature cw operation has also been demonstrated, with a maximum output power of 640 mW (ηwall = 4.5%) at 6 μm and 260 mW (ηwall = 2.3%) at 4.8 μm. Far-field characterization indicates that whereas the beam quality remains close to the diffraction limit in all of the tested lasers, in the devices emitting at 6.2 μm the beam tends to steer by as much as 5-10° degrees in either direction with varying temperature and pump current.
Population-based incidence of conjunctival melanoma in various races and ethnic groups and comparison with other melanomas.

Purpose To investigate racial and ethnic differences in the incidence of conjunctival melanoma in a large population-based study. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Methods Using data from 1992 through 2003 provided by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates of conjunctival melanoma in various racial and ethnic groups (Black, American Indian, Asian and Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White). In addition, we calculated the standard incidence ratios (risk ratios) and 95% confidence intervals to describe the differences within these racial and ethnic groups. Results From 1992 through 2003, there were a total of 168 conjunctival melanomas diagnosed in 13 SEER registries with known racial and ethnic groups. The annual age-adjusted incidence rates (per million population) of conjunctival melanoma was 0.18 (Blacks), 0.17 (American Indians), 0.15 (Asians), 0.33 (Hispanics), and 0.49 (non-Hispanic Whites). The difference in the incidence of conjunctival melanoma between Whites and Blacks or Asians was statistically significant, but was not significant between Blacks and Asians. Conclusions The overall White-to-Black incidence ratio in conjunctival melanoma was 2.6:1, which is much less than that of uveal melanoma (18:1) and cutaneous melanoma (13:1 to 26:1), but is similar to that of mucosal melanoma (2.2:1 to 2.3:1). The cause and significance of this difference of racial and ethnic incidence in various melanomas are discussed.
Ultra-wideband (UWB) incidence on multiple dielectric interfaces

The problem of a pulsed short-duration ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic field incident on a multiple-layer lossy dielectric wall is considered. The electromagnetic fields are computed utilizing both frequency-domain (FFT) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) formalisms. Computed results, pertaining to internal and external EM fields, based on FFT and FDTD formulations are compared. The effects of layer thickness and material composition on the reflected and transmitted EM pulse are analyzed. The application of UWB technology to nondestructive testing (NDT) and evaluation of multilayer structures is discussed.
Cloning and Expression of cDNA Encoding a Protein That Binds a Palindromic Promoter Element Essential for Induction of Fungal Cutinase by Plant Cutin

Previous studies showed that a palindromic sequence located at −159 base pairs is essential for induction of cutinase gene in Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Nectria haematococca mating type VI) by the hydroxy fatty acids from plant cutin and that a 50-kDa nuclear protein binds to a promoter that contains this element. Screening of a phage λgt11 expression library with the concatenated palindromic sequence as the probe identified a cDNA encoding a palindrome-binding protein (PBP). Nucleotide sequence of this cDNA revealed an open reading frame that would code for PBP with a calculated molecular weight of 49,847. This PBP contains a putative nuclear localization signal and a zinc finger motif sharing homology with the zinc finger DNA binding domains of transcription factors from mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, and Ustilago maydis. A highly basic region immediately adjacent to the carboxyl side of the zinc finger was also observed. PBP expressed in Escherichia coli showed specific binding to the palindromic DNA fragment.
Evaluation of deep sea tide gauge sensors

A deep sea recording capsule carrying two quartz-crystal pressure sensors and two quartz-crystal temperature sensors was operated in 2.2 km depth off Brest during November-December 1973 as part of an inter national deep sea tide gauge intercalibration experiment. The dual instrumentation provides information for in situ evaluation of instrument calibrations. Differences in the recordings give estimates of the instrumental noise spectra. Instrumental noise of the temperature-corrected pressure sensor was found to be 10-20 db below the sea level continuum spectrum at frequencies below 0.2 cph. At higher frequencies the pressure signal-to-noise ratio decreased to 0-6 db at 3 cph (the Nyquist). The temperature sensor noise spectrum was everywhere 20-40 db below the signal spectrum. Problems associated with using dual instrumentation to evaluate sensor performance are discussed.
When do neighborhoods matter? The role of race and neighborhood peers ☆

Abstract This study explores racial differences in the effect of neighborhood income on children’s test scores, self-esteem, and behavior, using data from both the Census and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement. This study finds that as neighborhood income increases, test scores and behavior improve significantly for white children but not for black children. Increased neighborhood income affects only black children when there is a high-proportion of blacks in the neighborhood. For white children, an increase in the number of neighborhood peers known by name increases the effects of neighbors’ income. In addition, neighborhood effects are strongest for children who have lived in their neighborhoods for three or more years. This study makes progress toward explaining the mechanisms by which neighborhoods affect children and how these mechanisms differ by race.