cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Popliteal artery occlusion as a late complication of liquid acrylate embolization for cerebral vascular malformation.

Occlusion of arteriovenous malformations of the brain (BAVMs) by means of an endovascular approach with liquid acrylate glue is an established treatment modality. The specific hazards of this procedure are related to the central nervous system. In the case of unexpectedly rapid polymerization of the cyanoacrylate glue and adhesion of the delivering microcatheter to the BAVM, severing the catheter at the site of vascular access is considered an acceptable and safe management. We present a unique complication related to this technique that has not been described yet. Fragmentation and migration of the microcatheter, originally left in place, had caused popliteal artery occlusion, which required saphenous vein interposition, in a 25-year-old man. Suggestions for avoiding this complication are discussed. (J Vasc Surg 1999;29:561-5.)
The present status of cea in diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapy

Despite nonspecificity for the diagnosis of colon cancer, the assays for CEA widely studied to date may be useful in the management of patients with colorectal cancer by aiding detection of colonic cancer and especially of widespread metastases to the liver. Use of serial quantitative measurements may also be useful in determining persistence of residual or metastatic tumor after apparently complete surgical resection, in enabling detection of recurrence at an earlier stage than may be otherwise possible, and in helping to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy, provided that the assays are used only in context with complete clinical and laboratory findings, including cancer staging, histopathologic findings, assessment of liver status, and with appreciation of methodologic complexities. Both the further investigation of the clinical use of CEA and the intensified search for more specific markers are encouraged by the findings to date.
Astrophysical polarimetry: science, techniques, and methodology

Polarimetry has been used by astronomers to explore diverse objects such as stars in formation, primordial discs around stars that could provide the birthplace of planets, magnetic fields in stars and interactions of black holes with their environments and host galaxies. In recent years, telescopes with primary mirrors of 8-10m have been commissioned, and a new era of airborne astronomy is imminent, enabling more detailed observations of fainter and more distant objects as well as offering an increasing diversity of wavelength coverage and techniques. Significant technological progress in polarizing components and methodologies has also been realized in recent years. Together these developments afford astrophysical polarimetry with considerable advances across all wavelengths. I review the astronomical drivers for such progress and the instrumentation/methodologies at optical, mid-IR and mm wavelengths required to realize such progress.
Spanning trees of extended graphs

A generalization of the Prufer coding of trees is given providing a natural correspondence between the set of codes of spanning trees of a graph and the set of codes of spanning trees of theextension of the graph. This correspondence prompts us to introduce and to investigate a notion ofthe spanning tree volume of a graph and provides a simple relation between the volumes of a graph and its extension (and in particular a simple relation between the spanning tree numbers of a graph and its uniform extension). These results can be used to obtain simple purely combinatorial proofs of many previous results obtained by the Matrix-tree theorem on the number of spanning trees of a graph. The results also make it possible to construct graphs with the maximal number of spanning trees in some classes of graphs.
Continuous Measurement and Rapid Kinetics of ATP Synthesis in Rat Liver Mitochondria, Mitoplasts and Inner Membrane Vesicles Determined by Firefly-Luciferase Luminescence

Oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria, the mitoplast or inner membrane-matrix fraction, and inverted inner membrane vesicles was studied with firefly luciferase luminescence. All preparations showed relatively high ATP/O ratios under initial reaction conditions in the presence of Mg2+, but only intact mitochondria demonstrated significant respiratory control. Mitochondria and mitoplasts, but not vesicles, catalyzed nearly complete conversion of ADP to ATP. Vesicles converted between 50% and 70% of added ADP to ATP establishing a phosphate potential of 9.8 to 10.5 kcal/mol (43.9 kJ/mol). In “loosely coupled” submitochondrial systems which do not display respiratory control, the phosphate potential appears to be a useful parameter of the integrity of the phosphorylating membrane, while ATP/O ratios may be dependent on the relative concentrations of ADP and ATP in the reaction medium. The rapid kinetics of oxidative synthesis of ATP by inverted inner membrane vesicles was investigated in stopped-flow rapid-mixing experiments. After an oxygen pulse to reduced vesicles, ATP synthesis commenced within 20 ms. In antimycin-inhibited vesicles, ATP synthesis resulting from the rapid oxidation of the terminal portion of the respiratory chain commenced within 20 ms and took approximately 100 ms for half completion. Since half oxidation of the terminal portion of the respiratory chain occurs within a few milliseconds, ATP synthesis resulting from such redox reactions must occur over a significantly longer time course than the redox reactions themselves.
Risky power forward contracts for wind aggregation

Risky power contracts are introduced for enabling wind power aggregation. First, the problem of optimal risky and firm power contract offering in the forward market is formulated in the single wind farm setting. Analytical solutions are obtained, and the concepts of fair price of wind power and price of unitized risk are introduced. The more general setting of two wind farms both trading risky and firm power is studied, in which both wind farms seek to benefit from wind aggregation. The problem of a contract offering game in the forward market is formulated. Analytical solutions are obtained for the best responses that reveal clear insights into the optimal firm and risky contract offering for each wind farm. Complete characterization of the equilibria of the game is then obtained analytically. A generalization of the fair price to the two wind farm setting is derived, which characterizes the value of wind aggregation. With the generalized fair prices, all equilibria are also efficient, namely, they achieve the same total profit as forming a coalition of the two wind farms.
Lumbar intrathecal ligaments

A meticulous examination was performed on 56 vertebral columns from cadavers between 64 and 89 years of age. Identification of all contents within the dural sac was completed; however, the main focus was the cauda equina and lumbar region. In addition to scope dissection, radiographs and histological preparations were used to identify structures, tissue types, and any possible pathology. Discrete intrathecal ligamentous bands were observed in all cadavers examined. They were found randomly binding the dorsal nerve roots of the cauda equina to the dura. Occasional binding of the ventral nerve roots to the dorsal roots was observed. Histological examination demonstrated a dense collagen ligament varying between 0.13 and 0.35 microm in thickness and from 3 mm to 3.5 cm in length. The average number of ligaments found per cadaver was 18. These ligaments displayed a broad base attachment to the nerve root or dura of approximately 3 mm. Looping of the nerve roots associated with these ligaments was seen in one cadaver with a burst fracture. Electron microscopic studies of these ligaments demonstrated similarities to denticulate ligaments. It is suggested that the intrathecal ligaments represent remnants from fetal development of the denticulate ligaments.
Modelling and analysis of a web-based collaborative information system – Petri net-based collaborative enterprise

Lately, web-based collaborative enterprises (CEs) concepts have been applied in numerous information systems and have become a key focus for many organisations. The well structured, modelled and analysed architectural framework of the system is a very important part of the process when developing applications, since these applications are subject to frequent change and increased complexity. This paper discusses four essential phases of designing a human-centric CE: framework, a case study, modelling and analysis. Firstly, the paper proposes an application oriented human-centric collaborative commerce architecture. Secondly, an appropriate case study is developed. Thirdly, the modelling and simulation of the selected application are shown. Finally, some analysis of the application using Stochastic Petri nets is discussed. We contend that following these phases will help to develop and analyse the human-centric collaborative commerce systems. Finally, this approach can be used in a variety of CE systems which form the basis of our future work and further development.
Multiple hydration layers in cubic insulin crystals

Cubic insulin crystals contain approximately 30-A-diameter channels filled with aqueous solvent, providing a useful system in which to analyze hydration structure at a variety of distances from protein surfaces. Beginning with an atomic model for the protein and ordered water molecules, the density distribution in the solvent volume of the phasing model was iteratively refined to improve the fit of calculated structure factors with x-ray diffraction data. The free R value, which compares calculated structure factors with a subset of observed structure factors deliberately omitted from the refinement, was used to provide an objective confirmation of the effectiveness of the refinement procedure. Electron density maps of the solvent, computed using the solvent-refined phases and complete low-resolution diffraction data, reveal multiple hydration layers around the protein.
An Extended Paradigm for Measurement Analysis of Marketing Constructs Applicable to Panel Data

Abstract In an effort to advance measurement analysis in marketing research, the authors propose three extensions of the current scale development paradigm. First, the authors focus attention on the trait–state distinction and present a model that separates stable sources of substantive variation in a construct from transient sources. Second, the authors develop a classification of measurement error that distinguishes six types of error on the basis of (1) whether the error is stable or transient and (2) whether the error affects individual items, subsets of items, or all items in a scale. They also show how these errors can be modeled using a factor-analytic specification. Third, the authors argue that marketing researchers should make the means of scale items an explicit component of measurement analysis and should test for the invariance of item loadings and intercepts as a prerequisite for meaningful comparisons of scale means across samples and over time. To illustrate the benefits of the proposed pr...
Neonatal cocaine exposure, activity, and responsivity to cocaine in a rodent model

This study examined the effects of neonatal cocaine exposure on running wheel activity and subsequent responsivity to cocaine using a rodent model. Subjects were artificially reared from postnatal (PND) days 4-10 via an intragastric cannula. The four treatment groups included two cocaine doses (20 mg/kg/day and 40 mg/kg/day), an artificially reared control and a normally reared suckled control. Subjects were tested at either PND 21 through PND 24 (Experiment 1) or PND 60 through PND 70 (Experiment 2) for 2 consecutive days. Testing consisted of a 30-min habituation period followed by injection of either saline (Day 1) or cocaine (Day 2) and an additional 60-min test session. Neonatal treatment had little effect on baseline activity or activity following saline injection at either age. All subjects showed an activation with cocaine injections, however, the activation was more pronounced in juveniles. Again, neonatal treatment did not interact with response to cocaine. These findings suggest that neonatal cocaine exposure does not alter activity or long-term responsivity to 20 mg/kg cocaine as measured in the running wheel apparatus.
Crystal structure of the Mor protein of bacteriophage Mu, a member of the Mor/C family of transcription activators.

Transcription from the middle promoter, Pm, of bacteriophage Mu requires the phage-encoded activator protein Mor and bacterial RNA polymerase. Mor is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that mediates transcription activation through its interactions with the C-terminal domains of the α and σ subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase. Here we present the first structure for a member of the Mor/C family of transcription activators, the crystal structure of Mor to 2.2-A resolution. Each monomer of the Mor dimer is composed of two domains, the N-terminal dimerization domain and C-terminal DNA-binding domain, which are connected by a linker containing a β strand. The N-terminal dimerization domain has an unusual mode of dimerization; helices α1 and α2 of both monomers are intertwined to form a four-helix bundle, generating a hydrophobic core that is further stabilized by antiparallel interactions between the two β strands. Mutational analysis of key leucine residues in helix α1 demonstrated a role for this hydrophobic core in protein solubility and function. The C-terminal domain has a classical helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif that is located at opposite ends of the elongated dimer. Since the distance between the two helix-turn-helix motifs is too great to allow binding to two adjacent major grooves of the 16-bp Mor-binding site, we propose that conformational changes in the protein and DNA will be required for Mor to interact with the DNA. The highly conserved glycines flanking the β strand may act as pivot points, facilitating the conformational changes of Mor, and the DNA may be bent.
Glucocorticoid regulation of GLT-1 glutamate transporter isoform expression in the rat hippocampus.

Background: In the rat hippocampus, the predominate glutamate transporters are GLT-1 and its recently identified isoform, GLT-1b. Chronic restraint stress increases GLT-1b expression throughout the hippocampus while more selectively increasing GLT-1 expression in the CA3 region. These studies suggest that GLT-1b expression is regulated by stress levels of glucocorticoids (GCs) and GLT-1 expression is regulated by stress-induced increases in extracellular glutamate levels in the CA3 region. Methods: In order to differentiate between the actions of GCs and glutamate, we examined GLT-1 isoform expression in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats and rats exposed to stress levels of GCs. Results: ADX rats revealed no significant differences in GLT-1b mRNA or protein levels compared to sham-operated controls or ADX rats given GC replacement. However, rats exposed to stress levels of GCs exhibited increases in GLT-1b protein expression in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus. GLT-1 mRNA expression was increased by ADX, increases that were inhibited by GC replacement. Similarly, stress levels of GCs increased GLT-1 protein expression throughout the hippocampus. Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that GLT-1b protein expression is regulated by stress levels of GCs while the regulation of GLT-1 mRNA and protein expression provides another example of the biphasic actions of GCs in the central nervous system.
Improving generalizations from multi-country comparisons in international business research

In this paper we address the problem of questionable generalizations from comparing small numbers of countries in international business (IB) research. We illustrate the misleading results that can arise from sparse samples, whether the relationship between national-level variables is strong (economic development and corruption) or weak (population density and trust). We show that 35% of recent international comparisons in leading IB journals examined just two or three countries, and present an exploratory analysis of 123 variables that reveals typical correlations across countries to be rather moderate (average r=0.24). To help interpret extant study findings, we provide formulas and graphs based on Bayesian analysis, and introduce a method of combining results from multiple international comparisons. We also describe methods for designing studies to give stronger evidence of relationships between variables. Our results suggest that a minimum of 7–10 countries may support credible international generalizations, but only when overall trends are very strong. A key strategy for improving IB generalizations is to use larger samples of countries, because research based on common sample and effect sizes may lead to generalizations that the findings do not justify.
Conditional score functions: Some optimality results

SUMMARY The conditional score function has previously been shown to generate the optimal estimating equation for a parameter of interest when the conditioning statistic is complete and sufficient for the nuisance parameters (Godambe, 1976). The present paper generalizes these results to partial likelihood factorizations and then examines the nature of the problem when the appropriate conditioning statistics depend on the parameter of interest. In this case, globally optimal estimating functions are impossible. A weaker criterion of optimal weighting leads to a class of estimated conditional score functions which satisfy an information equality. The purpose of this paper is to develop and justify an approach based on conditional likelihood to estimation in the presence of nuisance parameters. The arguments focus on the case when there is a complete and sufficient statistic S(0) for the nuisance parameters when the parameter of interest, 0, is fixed. An extended notion of completeness will be presented in the context of partial likelihoods. The problem takes on two separate natures depending on whether the statistic S(0) truly depends on 0 or not. If S = S(0) is free of 0, then the conditional likelihood of the data given S has been shown to generate optimal inferential procedures giving a best estimating equation (Godambe, 1976) and a best asymptotically normal estimator in a mixture setting (Lindsay, 1980). If S(0) depends on 0, then it will be shown that the best estimating equation, also a conditional likelihood score, will generally be only locally optimal, leaving no single best strategy. Consideration of an optimal weighting strategy yields estimators which have second order properties similar to the conditional likelihoods of the first type.
Interaction of shock waves due to combined two shear loadings

Abstract The propagation of plane elastic-plastic waves due to combined two shear loadings is studied in which the materials are assumed to be elastic, isotropic work hardening. For a general strain hardening law, analytical solutions can be obtained only for simple waves and for two shear waves which are reducible to a single shear wave. If the material is elastic, linearly strain hardening, analytical solutions can also be obtained for two shear waves due to a series of step loadings and unloadings. The solution consists of shock waves propagating at constant speeds with a constant stress state between the shocks. The interaction of two or more shocks meeting at a point, and the reflection of a shock wave from a rigid surface or from an interface between two different media are studied in detail. The results can be applied to two shear waves in a plate of finite thickness which consists of two or more layers of different materials. It is shown briefly that similar results are obtained for materials with elastic, kinematical work hardening behavior.
Structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme: base triple sandwich and metal ion at the active site.

Abstract The Tetrahymena intron is an RNA catalyst, or ribozyme. As part of its self-splicing reaction, this ribozyme catalyzes phosphoryl transfer between guanosine and a substrate RNA strand. Here we report the refined crystal structure of an active Tetrahymena ribozyme in the absence of its RNA substrate at 3.8 A resolution. The 3′-terminal guanosine (ωG), which serves as the attacking group for RNA cleavage, forms a coplanar base triple with the G264-C311 base pair, and this base triple is sandwiched by three other base triples. In addition, a metal ion is present in the active site, contacting or positioned close to the ribose of the ωG and five phosphates. All of these phosphates have been shown to be important for catalysis. Therefore, we provide a picture of how the ribozyme active site positions both a catalytic metal ion and the nucleophilic guanosine for catalysis prior to binding its RNA substrate.
Dispersion relation analysis of d+208Pb elastic scattering.

Elastic scattering of deuterons from $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ in the energy range ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{d}}$=9 to 79.2 MeV is analyzed using a dispersive optical model potential (OMP). In this analysis, a dispersion relation connects the volume integrals of the imaginary and the real parts of the OMP. Best-fit dispersive OMP parameters are obtained from fits to experimental cross-section and analyzing power data at one energy, and dispersive OMP parameters with a smooth energy dependence are determined from fits to the entire data set. Comparisons, showing fits of similar quality, of the predictions of the cross sections and analyzing powers given by the best-fit dispersive OMP and standard OMP are presented. Dispersive OMP parameters with a smooth energy dependence also give a good description of the experimental data.
Development and inequality: Evidence from an endogenous switching regression without regime separation

Abstract An endogenous switching regression without regime separation is fitted to examine the relationship between development and inequality. Results suggest evidences for the Kuznets hypothesis and that the turning point may depend on population size and openness of the economy.
The Value of Cassava Root Meal for Chicks

Abstract CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz = M. utilissima Pohl) is one of the most productive root crops in tropical areas in terms of dry matter yield per acre. Seemanthani (1962) reported yields of over 15.9 and 28.4 tons per hectare for two improved varieties. An experimental plot of cassava at the University of Hawaii yielded at the rate of almost 50 tons per hectare. The ease of propagation from cuttings and the economy of production make cassava a cheap and valuable source of carbohydrate. Literature on the use of cassava products in chick rations is meagre and appears to be limited to a few preliminary studies. Taboyoyong (1935) noted poorer chick growth when half or all of the rice bran in the ration was replaced by cassava refuse meal. Squibb and Wyld (1951), using a by-product residue of cassava roots (yuca) obtained satisfactory chick growth in 4 out of 7 experiments… .
Placental and fetal contraindications of dexamethasone administration to pregnant rats

Dexamethasone (DEXA) given to pregnant rats for either the last 3 or 6 days of gestation lowered placental, fetal body and adrenal weights. Histologically, DEXA-treated placentas appeared smaller than controls and showed signs of necrosis and pyknosis. Treated animals that were permitted to carry their litters to term did not deliver naturally, and most of their fetuses were dead when excised 1 day postmaturely.
Effects of the group IIB metals (Cd, Zn and Hg) on the permeability of the crystalline lens of the toad (Bufo marinus)

Abstract 1. 1. Cd, Zn, Hg and methyl mercury chloride (on anterior, not posterior) decrease the potential difference and short-circuit current across the lens of the toad. 2. 2. When translenticular Na transport was abolished, these metals were still effective. When Na was removed from the anterior, the effects of Cd and Zn were abolished, whereas Hg and CH 3 Hg continued to act. Lenses in vitro accumulated Na and lost K in the presence of Cd and Hg but Zn or CH 3 Hg had no effect. 3. 3. O 2 consumption in vitro was reduced by Zn, Hg and CH 3 Hg, but not Cd. In the absence of Na, Hg and CH 3 Hg still decreased O 2 consumption indicating a general toxic effect. 4. 4. The group IIB metal ions alter the electrical parameters and permeability of the crystalline lens but they act in different ways which reflects their varied chemical properties.
Submarine groundwater discharge is an important net source of light and middle REEs to coastal waters of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA

Abstract Porewater (i.e., groundwater) samples were collected from multi-level piezometers across the freshwater–saltwater seepage face within the Indian River Lagoon subterranean estuary along Florida’s (USA) Atlantic coast for analysis of the rare earth elements (REE). Surface water samples for REE analysis were also collected from the water column of the Indian River Lagoon as well as two local rivers (Eau Gallie River, Crane Creek) that flow into the lagoon within the study area. Concentrations of REEs in porewaters from the subterranean estuary are 10–100 times higher than typical seawater values (e.g., Nd ranges from 217 to 2409 pmol kg−1), with submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) at the freshwater–saltwater seepage face exhibiting the highest REE concentrations. The elevated REE concentrations for SGD at the seepage face are too high to be the result of simple, binary mixing between a seawater end-member and local terrestrial SGD. Instead, the high REE concentrations indicate that geochemical reactions occurring within the subterranean estuary contribute substantially to the REE cycle. A simple mass balance model is used to investigate the cycling of REEs in the Indian River Lagoon and its underlying subterranean estuary. Mass balance modeling reveals that the Indian River Lagoon is approximately at steady-state with respect to the REE fluxes into and out of the lagoon. However, the subterranean estuary is not at steady-state with respect to the REE fluxes. Specifically, the model suggests that the SGD Nd flux, for example, exported from the subterranean estuary to the overlying lagoon waters exceeds the combined input to the subterranean estuary from terrestrial SGD and recirculating marine SGD by, on average, ∼100 mmol day−1. The mass balance model also reveals that the subterranean estuary is a net source of light REEs (LREE) and middle REEs (MREE) to the overlying lagoon waters, but acts as a sink for the heavy REEs (HREE). Geochemical modeling and statistical analysis further suggests that this fractionation occurs, in part, due to the coupling between REE cycling and iron redox cycling within the Indian River Lagoon subterranean estuary. The net SGD flux of Nd to the Indian River Lagoon is ∼7-fold larger than the local effective river flux to these coastal waters. This previously unrecognized source of Nd to the coastal ocean could conceivably be important to the global oceanic Nd budget, and help to resolve the oceanic “Nd paradox” by accounting for a substantial fraction of the hypothesized missing Nd flux to the ocean.
Trade and industrialization in developing economies

Abstract This paper examines the impact of international trade on the allocation of production across sectors in developing countries. Estimates from a panel of 92 developing countries in the period 1960–2000 suggests that an increase in openness to trade leads to an increase in the industrial value added share of production, at the expense of the agricultural share. Therefore, trade leads the developing countries to industrialization, in contrast to what the infant industry argument would imply.
Double-Label Immunofluorescence with the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope Using Cyanine Dyes

The laser scanning confocal microscope, when used with the krypton-argon ion laser, is well suited for the simultaneous detection of pairs of antigens by immunofluorescence. Traditionally, double-label studies have utilized secondary antibodies conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), excited by the 488-nm line (blue), and to tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate or Texas Red, excited by the 568-nm line (yellow). However, the use of fluorophores excited by the 488 nm line produces unsatisfactory results when tissue contains low wavelength-excitable autofluorescence. In the amphibian cardiac ganglion, for example, autofluorescent granules within parasympathetic neurons obscure cell surface-derived signals and prevent one from analyzing the relative position of acetylcholine receptor clusters and synaptic boutons by double-label immunofluorescence. This problem has been solved by using cyanine 3.18 (Cy3)- and cyanine 5.18 (Cy5)-conjugated secondary antibodies, which are excited efficiently by the 568-nm (yellow) and the 647-nm (red) lines and which emit in the orange/red and in the far-red, respectively, and thus by avoiding the 488-nm line altogether. The resulting images are as good or better than those obtained with FITC and Texas Red, even without consideration of autofluorescence.
A numerical study of the accuracy and stability of symmetric and asymmetric RBF collocation methods for hyperbolic PDEs

Differentiation matrices associated with radial basis function (RBF) collocation methods often have eigenvalues with positive real parts of significant magnitude. This prevents the use of the methods for time-dependent problems, particulary if explicit time integration schemes are employed. In this work, accuracy and eigenvalue stability of symmetric and asymmetric RBF collocation methods are numerically explored for some model hyperbolic initial boundary value problems in one and two dimensions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Focusing on ego strengths

For many years, treatment often has focused on the client's ego weaknesses. This article examines the need to address ego strengths in therapy. The psychotherapeutic goal is to build ego strength and ensure the client's stable identity. Therapists can use this approach by identifying important ego strengths, assessing these strengths, and using the assessment data to develop therapeutic goals. Therapists must work with whatever ego strengths the client possesses. The presence of the client's elements of ego strength are a foundation on which to build.
Computational model of the in vivo development of a tissue engineered vein from an implanted polymeric construct

Advances in vascular tissue engineering have been tremendous over the past 15 years, yet there remains a need to optimize current constructs to achieve vessels having true growth potential. Toward this end, it has been suggested that computational models may help hasten this process by enabling time-efficient parametric studies that can reduce the experimental search space. In this paper, we present a first generation computational model for describing the in vivo development of a tissue engineered vein from an implanted polymeric scaffold. The model was motivated by our recent data on the evolution of mechanical properties and microstructural composition over 24 weeks in a mouse inferior vena cava interposition graft. It is shown that these data can be captured well by including both an early inflammatory-mediated and a subsequent mechano-mediated production of extracellular matrix. There remains a pressing need, however, for more data to inform the development of next generation models, particularly the precise transition from the inflammatory to the mechanobiological dominated production of matrix having functional capability.
Genetic analysis of the circadian system of mammals: properties and prospects

Abstract Two autosomal semidominant mutations that affect the period of the circadian clock have been discovered in rodents. In the golden hamster, the tau mutation shortens the period from 24 h (wild-type) to 22 h (heterozygote) and 20 h (homozygote). In the mouse the Clock mutation lengthens the period by more than 1 h (heterozygote) and initially by about 4 h in homozygotes, which then become arrhythmic within 3 weeks. These mutations, and the others that will surely be identified by further screening, will provide powerful tools for the dissection of the mammalian clock at both the molecular and the system level.
PERMANENT MAGNETS FROM ELONGATED SINGLE-DOMAIN PARTICLES

A process is described for producing elongated single-domain (ESD) fine-particle magnets. The 150-A. ESD iron or iron–cobalt alloy particles are prepared by controlled electrodeposition into mercury, followed by thermal growth and treatment with a third metal to attain optimum particle shape and magnetic properties. The particles are then aligned by a magnetic field, compacted under pressure, freed of mercury by vacuum distillation, and embedded in a suitable matrix. This is ground to a coarse powder and fed into automatic presses for realigning and compacting to the final magnet shape. The factors controlling each step of the process are discussed, and the advantages of magnets with artificial microstructures synthesized by this approach are pointed out. The process described produces commercial ESD iron and iron–cobalt magnets with energy products of 2·2 and 3·5 million gauss-oersteds, and laboratory ESD iron and iron–cobalt magnets of 4·2 and 5·0 million gauss-oersteds.
The relationship between benchmark tests and microcomputer price

A highly accurate model predicts microcomputer price based on benchmark performance by analyzing the impact on predicted price of fluctuations in system configuration and benchmark results.
How I treat Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell neoplasm manifested by the accumulation of clonal immunoglobulin (Ig)M-secreting lymphoplasmacytic cells. MYD88 and CXCR4 warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis syndrome-like somatic mutations are present in >90% and 30% to 35% of WM patients, respectively, and impact disease presentation, treatment outcome, and overall survival. Familial predisposition is common in WM. Asymptomatic patients should be observed. Patients with disease-related hemoglobin <10 g/L, platelets <100 × 10(9)/L, bulky adenopathy and/or organomegaly, symptomatic hyperviscosity, peripheral neuropathy, amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia, cold-agglutinin disease, or transformed disease should be considered for therapy. Plasmapheresis should be used for patients with symptomatic hyperviscosity and before rituximab for those with high serum IgM levels to preempt a symptomatic IgM flare. Treatment choice should take into account specific goals of therapy, necessity for rapid disease control, risk of treatment-related neuropathy, immunosuppression and secondary malignancies, and planning for future autologous stem cell transplantation. Frontline treatments include rituximab alone or rituximab combined with alkylators (bendamustine and cyclophosphamide), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib), nucleoside analogs (fludarabine and cladribine), and ibrutinib. In the salvage setting, an alternative frontline regimen, ibrutinib, everolimus, or stem cell transplantation can be considered. Investigational therapies under development for WM include agents that target MYD88, CXCR4, BCL2, and CD27/CD70 signaling, novel proteasome inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy.
Effect of dinitrophenol on bovine kidney culture cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Abstract The production of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cultures of bovine kidney cells was only slightly affected by concentrations of dinitrophenol (DNP) which markedly affected respiration and glycolysis. The maximum increase in respiration of normal cells was obtained with 5 × 10 −5M DNP, while glucose utilization was maximal at 1 × 10 −4M DNP. At these DNP concentrations, the oxygen uptake exceeded the glucose utilization on a molar basis by factors of 1.8 and 1.3 respectively, and these ratios were not significantly changed in infected cells, although viral infection ordinarily increases glycolysis within the cells. Measurements of lactic acid production in normal and infected cells indicated an alteration in the glycolytic sequences used by DNP-frec controls. The absence of any change in the latent period and total amount of virus production indicated that the energy requirements for viral replication were met by anaerobic phosphorylating systems supported by increased glycolysis.
Expression of ion Channel Genes in Drosophila

Ion channel transcripts from three genes were localized by the method of tissue in situ hybridization. The genes examined were the Drosophila Na+ channel genes, paralytic (para) and Drosophila Sodium Channel (DSC), and the K+ channel gene, Shaker (Sh). All three of the genes were expressed in cell bodies of the fly central nervous system, including optic lobes, central brain, suboesophageal ganglion, and thoracicoabdominal ganglion. Sh was additionally expressed in the photoreceptor cells of the retina and pupal flight muscle, while para and DSC were not. The temporal expression pattern of Sh in muscle was different from that in the central nervous system: muscle expression was transient and limited to mid-pupal stage while nervous system expression was observed throughout pupation, apparently peaking at the late-pupal stage. Only one class of 5′ end was found in pupal muscle, possibly indicating regulation of splicing pathways.
Changes in surfactant phospholipids in fetal rat lungs from normal and diabetic pregnancies.

Changes in Surfactant Phospholipids in Fetal Rat Lungs from Normal and Diabetic Pregnancies
The pressure dependence of the glass transition temperature in some ionic liquids

Abstract Application of some recent theoretical results for the glass transition temperature is made to the pressure, P, dependence of Tg in some ionic liquids. In this representation, Tg is a bilinear function of the width and the peak of the distribution of barrier heights. Values for these parameters and their dependence on P are obtained here for CaKNO3 and Tg and dTg/dP are calculated. The excellent agreement suggests that the theory, which extracts a relevant relaxation time from topologically motivated conditions on a distribution of relaxation times, is valid.
Oxygen-Centered Spin Adducts of 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrrolineN-oxide (DMPO) and 2H-Imidazole 1-Oxides

The hydroxyl and some alkoxyl spin adducts of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) are difficult to assign due to the remarkable similarity of their EPR spectra. The utility of resolving superhyperfine (SHF) structure followed by computer simulations has been demonstrated to assist in the assignment of EPR spectra with close values of hyperfine splitting constants, e.g., DMPO/·OH and DMPO/·OR. Here,·OR is the alkoxyl radical derived from thermal decomposition of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH). In addition, two other spin traps, derivatives of 2H-imidazole 1-oxide, namely, 2,2,4-trimethyl-2H-imidazole 1-oxide (TMIO) and 2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-2H-imidazole 1-oxide (DMPIO), have been used in a model study to develop a procedure for distinguishing between oxygen-centered spin adducts. These results are compared with those for DMPO. TMIO and DMPIO spin traps provide more distinguishable individual spectra with·OH and AAPH-derived·OR radicals than the DMPO spin trap. The formation of DMPO/·OR(AAPH) and DMPIO/·OR(AAPH) spin adducts was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The comparison of spin trapping by DMPO and 2H-imidazole 1-oxides using typical biological sources of other oxygen-centered radicals reveals application limits of these spin traps. For example, 2H-imidazole 1-oxides do not form superoxide spin adducts in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Also, for the first time, experimental evidence is presented for SHF structure in spectra of TMIO and DMPIO spin adducts with·OH/·OD and·CH3/·CD3radical species.
Moisture requirements and role of ash and microporosity in pelletization of coal fines

Abstract Pellet growth behavior and moisture requirements of fourteen different coal samples were investigated. It was observed that the pelletization of coal fines is possible only in a narrow range of moisture additions. The amount of moisture required for pelletization was found to be dependent upon the ash content and independent of the rank and geographical origin of most coal samples. In the case of lignite, microporosity of the particles appeared to control the moisture needed for pelletization.
Spin-isospin SU(4) symmetry in the (ds) shell☆

A spectral distribution study shows that a conventional central interaction gives a fairly good SU(4) symmetry, in the groundstate energy domain, throughout the shell, but more realistic interactions give rise to large symmetry admixings.
Bench-scale models of dye breakthrough curves

Fluorescent dye tracer breakthrough curves (TBCs) obtained from quantitative traces in karst flow systems record multiple processes, including advection, dispersion, diffusion, mixing, adsorption, and chemical reaction. In this study, TBCs were recorded from small, bench-scale physical models in an attempt to isolate, understand, and quantify some of these processes under full-pipe flow conditions. Dye traces were conducted through a suite of geometries constructed out of Pyrex glass. These geometries consisted of (1) linear conduits, of varying length and diameter, (2) single and dual mixing chambers, and (3) a single chamber with an immobile region. Each glass system was connected to a constant flow apparatus. Dye was then injected with a syringe, allowed to flow through the system, and be naturally or artificially mixed in the process. Solute breakthrough was recorded in a scanning spectrofluorophotometer and the resulting TBC was analyzed. Independent variables examined in each of the three settings were discharge (Q) and dye concentration (C o). Artificial mixing rates (R M), induced by magnetic stirrers in settings (2) and (3), were also considered. Initial runs varied Q from 0.75 to 1.25 mL/s, with constant R M ranging from 0 to 360 revolutions per minute (rpm). Preliminary data yield realistic-looking breakthrough curves with steeply rising leading edges, a peak, and an asymmetric, exponential tail. Analysis of laboratory variables with respect to hydraulic parameters extracted from each TBC suggests that discharge and mixing rate alone can differentiate conduit complexity at the laboratory scale.
Optimal consumption and portfolio rules with intertemporally dependent utility of consumption

Abstract In the usual consumption portfolio problem, lifetime utility is assumed to be time-additive. This assumption has been criticized for failing to capture important intertemporal dependencies in utility such as intertemporal risk aversion and habit formation. This paper studies the consumption portfolio problem for a class of intertemporally dependent utility functions.
A critical discourse analysis of racial literacy in teacher education

Abstract What does racial literacy look and sound like in a teacher education book club? Using the tools of critical discourse analysis, we describe, interpret and explain how each member of the group draws on a range of discursive and embodied resources for racial literacy; particularly, how they maneuver the book club discourse to resolve what constitutes anti-racist action in the book. In this article, we demonstrate the complex ways in which the students seek to make meaning around this issue and in doing so, draw on and develop a set of semiotic tools we refer to as racial literacy. We trace the multiple modes (visual and linguistic) used by individuals and the shifts in these modes over the course of the conversation. Such shifts, we argue, hold the potential for the development of a more intricate form of racial literacy.
Clarifying the Conceptualization of Indicators within Different Models.

The authors of the focus article have emphasized the continuing confusion among some researchers regarding various indicators used in structural equation models (SEMs). Their major claim is that ca...
Five-meter vacuum spectrometer for the near infrared

A vacuum spectrometer capable of obtaining resolution approaching the maximum theoretical resolution of a 7-in. diffraction grating doubly passed has been constructed for use in the region of sensitivity of lead sulfide photo conductive cells. The design and construction of that instrument and its performance in the resolution of spectral details and the measurement of wavelengths are discussed.
Fiber Optics In Transient Radiation Fields

Fiber optics have been utilized in a variety of sensor and data transmission roles, some of which are complicated by the presence of ionizing radiation. In this paper, transient radiation effects in fibers are reviewed. The paper by E. J. Friebelel (in this same Conference) concentrates on longer term radiation effects, but includes selected transient effects data as well. Several literature reviews and conferences have covered related topics.2-5
Granulocytopenia secondary to acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus

Summary Acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often characterised by a mononucleosis-like syndrome. We describe a patient who presented with the typical febrile syndrome associated with acute HIV infection, who also had significant granulocytopenia. Although granulocytopenia is relatively common in the later stages of HIV infection, it has only been described once before in the acute stage. The mechanism may be immune mediated, although data are limited. Clinicians should be aware of acute HIV infection as a possible cause of granulocytopenia.
Ontogenesis of learning: II. Variation in the rat's reflexive and learned responses to acoustic stimulation.

These experiments indicate that by Day 15 after birth, the processes that mediate a number of taste-controlled behaviors in the rat are functional. These include the sensory processes necessary to detect and respond reflexively to sucrose, the event-learning processes that reduce the rat's neophobic reaction to sucrose, and the integrative-learning processes that enable it to learn an aversion to sucrose when paired with lithium toxicosis, even when these events are separated by 1 hr. These capacities, however, did not emerge simultaneously. Those necessary to detect and respond reflexively to sucrose emerged prior to those that contribute to the learned control of taste-guided behaviors. It is argued that these age-related dissociations in behavioral capacities reflect a caudal-to-rostral maturational sequence of components of the ascending gustatory system that are thought to underlie these capacities.