cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of the Properties of Advanced Fibers Designed for Titanium Alloy and Intermetallic Reinforcement

The mechanical properties of new ceramic reinforcing fibers need to be well characterized before their incorporation into composite materials. Critical fiber properties include strength and Weibull modulus, both off the spool and after matrix extraction, bundle strength, modulus and creep resistance. Important composite properties include thermochemical stability, interface debond energy and interfacial sliding resistance. Tailoring these interfacial properties invariably involves the use of a fiber coating that can, in turn, influence fiber properties. Methods of measuring strength related properties are addressed and the results of a computer simulation to assess the quality of measured data using statistical methods are presented. The simulation was developed to determine the errors associated with a strength/Weibull modulus determination based on a limited number of samples. Finally, an assessment of the effect of mixing of high and low quality fiber on bundle strength and composite properties is made.
Terminal Ordovician extinction: Geochemical analysis of the Ordovician/Silurian boundary, Anticosti Island, Quebec

Elemental abundances (including Ir), carbon and oxygen ratios in carbonates, mineral content, and thin sections have been measured in samples collected across the conodont-defined Ordovician/Silurian (O/S) boundary exposed on Anticosti Island, Quebec. The Ir concentrations ranged from 5 to a maximum at the boundary of 58 parts per trillion (ppt). However, there is no evidence, on the basis of these Ir results, for the association of a large-body-Earth impact with the O/S extinction, because the Ir concentrations, like those of most other trace elements, are simply proportional to the clay (Al) content in the carbonate sequence. The /sup 13/C//sup 12/C and /sup 18/O//sup 16/O ratios decrease abruptly at the boundary, then just as abruptly increase to a long period of higher than preboundary ratios. These patterns are probably related to the salinity in the seaway, which was shallowing up to boundary time and then deepened and developed patch-reefs. Fresh-water input from rivers would have been most influential during the shallow-water conditions. 32 references, 4 figures.
Protective effect of the apoptosis-sensing nanoparticle AnxCLIO-Cy5.5

The diagnostic utility of the apoptosis-sensing nanoparticle (NP), AnxCLIO-Cy5.5, is well established. Here we sought to define the pathophysiological impact of the nanoparticle (NP) on apoptotic cells. Confocal microscopy showed that AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 remained bound to apoptotic cell membranes for 3 hours but by 7 hours had become completely internalized. AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 exposure did not impact energetics, metabolism or caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells. Gene expression in cells exposed to AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 did not reveal upregulation of pro-inflammatory or cell-death pathways. Moreover, exposure to AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 decreased the frequency of membrane rupture of early apoptotic cells. Similarly, in mice exposed to 1 hour of ischemia -reperfusion, the injection of AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 at the onset of reperfusion reduced infarct size/area at risk by 16.2%. Our findings suggest that AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 may protect apoptotic cells by stabilizing their cell membranes and has the potential to become a theranostic agent, capable of both identifying and salvaging early apoptotic cells. From the Clinical Editor: This study demonstrates that AnxCLIO-Cy5.5 nanoparticles may protect apoptotic cells by cell membrane stabilization and have the potential to become a "theranostic agent" capable of identifying and salvaging early apoptotic cells.
Plant biology informs drug discovery

Michael Rape provides a striking example of how basic research — in this case in the plant sciences — can be unexpectedly informative for drug development.
Self-Authorship and Identity in College: An Interview with Marcia B. Baxter Magolda

Marcia B. Baxter Magolda, is a featured speaker at the 2006 Institute on College Student Values that will focus on the topic of "Finding Wholeness: Students' Search for Meaning an Purpose in Colleg...
Dealing food: female drug users' narratives about food in a prison place and implications for their health.

Abstract Background Prison is a major "place" for drug users in the US, yet remarkably little is known about the lived experience of incarceration. More information about prison life is needed to improve health outcomes for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated people. Methods Thirty (30) formerly incarcerated women were interviewed about prison food. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Qualitative data analysis software was used to code and organize the data using thematic analysis. Results As described in these participants' narratives, prison food systems contributed to the construction of boundaries that distinguished the prison place from places and life outside the institution's walls. Participants also described boundaries within the prison that resulted in a patchwork of interior places, each with their own unique structure, meaning, and food system. These places, constructed by physical location, movement, and power, or lack thereof, included various micro-geographies that further defined women's individual prison experience. The boundaries that separated these places were not fixed: Women shifted and diminished internal and external borders by resisting food policies and reproducing their outside lives inside. Conclusion These findings call for public policy officials and prison administrators to reexamine the prison place in order to facilitate healthier eating behaviors and lay the groundwork for more positive communication between inmates and correctional staff and administration. More research is needed to measure how these types of changes to the prison food environment impact nutritional, mental health, substance abuse, and criminal justice outcomes.
A Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Receptor Alters 5-HT2A Receptor Signaling in a Heteromeric Complex

Atypical antipsychotic drugs targeting the Gq-coupled serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (2AR) are widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, whereas recent studies point to a new class of potential antipsychotic drugs targeting the Gi-coupled metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor (mGluR2). A physical and functional interaction between the two receptors in cortical pyramidal neurons has been demonstrated.Using heterologously expressed receptors in Xenopus oocytes, we have previously shown that the heteromeric mGluR2/2AR complex integrates the actions of serotonergic and glutamatergic ligands, modulating the balance between Gi and Gq signaling in a way that can be used to predict the psychoactive properties of these drugs.Selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGluR2 that bind to the transmembrane region of the receptor have shown efficacy in rodent models predictive of antipsychotic activity. Here we show that the mGluR2 PAM, LY487379 (or simply LY48) not only enhances glutamate-induced Gi signaling but also shows crosstalk by reducing 5-HT-induced Gq signaling. PAMs offer a promising therapeutic approach for the activation of GPCRs because they preserve the physiologic pattern of receptor signaling and are less likely to cause receptor desensitization and/or down regulation than synthetic agonists.
Synthesis, characterization, and applications of ZnO nanowires

ZnO nanowires (or nanorods) have been widely studied due to their unique material properties and remarkable performance in electronics, optics, and photonics. Recently, photocatalytic applications of ZnO nanowires are of increased interest in environmental protection applications. This paper presents a review of the current research of ZnO nanowires (or nanorods) with special focus on photocatalysis. We have reviewed the semiconducting photocatalysts and discussed a variety of synthesis methods of ZnO nanowires and their corresponding effectiveness in photocatalysis. We have also presented the characterization of ZnO nanowires from the literature and from our own measurements. Finally, a wide range of uses of ZnO nanowires in various applications is highlighted in this paper.
Ultrasound in natural products synthesis: applications to the synthesis of histrionicotoxin via nitroalkanal acetals

Abstract Ultrasound promoted the Kornblum reaction of silver nitrite or sodium nitrite with haloalkyl acetals to afford the corresponding C-nitro compounds. The acetalprotected nitro compounds were used as reactants in a ‘double Henry’ reaction to produce the key intermediate nitrocyclohexane diol with a masked aldehyde side chain. The nitrodiol was then subjected to an ultrasound-promoted one-pot/single operation sequence involving a reduction-deprotection followed by a cyclization-reduction. The entire sequence provided the core spiropiperidine substructure of the histrionicotoxins.
REPRODUCTIVE SENESCENCE IN THE FEMALE GOLDEN HAMSTER.

The first statistically significant decline in the mean number of young born to female golden hamsters occurred in the fourth litters. The decreased size of fifth litters was highly significant and few females bore six litters. Hamsters unilaterally ovariectomized at 30 days of age had a significantly lower number of litters containing live young during their lifetime. Despite increased unilateral ovulaton, they bore less than half as many total young per female as intact controls and fetal resorptions and stillbirths occurred at an earlier age. The results of matings during the period of reproductive decline were observed in females from the age of ten months until death or sacrifice at an advanced age. Final litters contained few young, some born dead. One or two subsequent pregnancies were of term length but all conceptuses were resorbed. Few females beyond 15 months of age had implantation sites and most of these resorbed. Regular four day estrous cycles continued until a terminal illness and matings resulted in pseudopregnancy. Blastocysts were found at four and one-half days of gestation in some old females but not at 6 to 8 days. Failure of implantation appeared to be due to an inadequate uterine decidual reaction in the old animals. It appeared from the above observations that decreasing uterine adaptability limited reproductive capacity in aging hamsters.
Nanoscale silicon microcavities for biosensing

We report the design and testing of a versatile biosensor exclusively using silicon. The device structure consists of a microcavity resonator made of various porous silicon layers. Porous silicon contains silicon nanocrystals that can luminesce efficiently in the visible, depending on the size and passivation conditions. When a luminescent porous silicon layer is inserted between two Bragg reflectors (also made of porous silicon), the broad luminescence band is altered and multiple and very narrow peaks are detected. The position of these peaks is extremely sensitive to a small change in refractive index, such as that obtained when a biological object is attached to the large internal surface of porous silicon. We have demonstrated a DNA sensor that displays appropriate sensitivity, selectivity and response speed. The device fabrication procedure and the results of extensive testing are presented. An extension of the DNA biosensor has been made to include the detection of viral DNA. This work will lead to the development of an all-silicon sensor array for the detection of biomacromolecules.
Formula for Coulomb effect on the nonlinear optical responses in quantum wells.

In this paper I have derived a formula for the Coulomb effect on the nonlinear intersubband optical responses in quantum wells by introducing a collective dipole moment in the recursion relation. A square potential well with finite barrier is assumed for quantum wells biased by an electric field. The self-consistent screened Hartree-Fock approximation is used to calculate the Coulomb renormalization of the electron kinetic energy. The random-phase and ladder approximations are used to study the screening and excitonic interaction effects on the linear optical response in the intersubband optical absorption coefficient and refractive index function. Also, the nonparabolic electron energy dispersion and the z-dependent electron effective mass are considered. The formula could be used to calculate the nonlinear optical response to all orders. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Postsplenectomy sepsis in pediatric patients following splenectomy for trauma: A proposal for a multi-institutional study

Abstract Eighteen patients less than 15 years of age (range, 1.5 to 15 years) were followed prospectively after undergoing splenectomy for blunt trauma. Follow-up time ranged from 1 to 12 years with a mean of 5.8 years. During the follow-up period significant septic episodes developed in two of the 18 (11.0%) patients. During the same period 16 patients less than 15 years of age (range 2 to 15 years) who underwent splenorrhaphy were followed. In none of the patients in the splenorrhaphy group has sepsis developed to date ( P =.11). Follow-up studies in both groups included a CBC, peripheral smear, platelets counts, history of infections, and radionuclide scans in the patients undergoing splenorrhaphy. The two patients with significant sepsis were an 18-month-old male with pneumococcal septicemia and a 13-year-old with meningococcal meningitis. Both patients survived these episodes. Although the numbers are small, this prospective study reemphasizes the increased risk of sepsis in the asplenic pediatric patient and the need for close surveillance, parental education, appropriate immunizations, and vigorous treatment of infections. The methods used in this prospective study of patients from one institution could be expanded to a multi-institutional study to obtain prospective data concerning the natural history of pediatric patients undergoing splenectomy because of trauma.
Discovery of Gene Regulation Pattern in Lung Cancer by Gene Expression Profiling Using Human Tissues.

Lung cancer continues to be one the most prevalent and life threatening cancers worldwide. In order to study the gene regulation pattern in lung cancer for new therapeutics discovery, gene expression profiling using human lung cancer tissues was conducted. The gene expression profiles were established using Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST Array with RNA extracts from six clinical patients (five lung cancer samples and one normal control). The raw data were analyzed with Affymetrix Expression Console and Affymetrix Transcriptome Analysis Console 2.0. The regulation of several genes was further validated using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Here we provide detailed experimental methods and analysis for the microarray data, which have been deposited into Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE63571","term_id":"63571"}}GSE63571.
Involving Urban Planning, Social Work, and Public Health Faculty Members in the Civic Renewal of the Research University

What are some strategies for involving urban planning, social work, and public health faculty members in the civic renewal of the research university? At a time when citizens have “disengaged from democracy,” and universities have deemphasized their civic mission, this article examines ways in which these faculty members might join together and formulate strategies which complement their shared professional and public purposes on campus and in the community.
The endothelin subtype A receptor undergoes agonist- and antagonist-mediated internalization in the absence of signaling.

The potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen to smooth muscle cells, endothelin-1 (ET-1), acts via two distinct G protein-coupled receptors, subtype A (ETAR) and subtype B, that are coupled primarily to the Gq-phospholipase C signaling pathway. It is known that ET-1 binding to ETAR promotes internalization, with subsequent degradation of at least a portion of the bound ligand. To investigate whether signaling is required for endocytosis, we developed stably transfected lines of human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing wild-type ETAR and a receptor chimera (ETARC) in which the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail to ETAR was replaced with that of the lutropin receptor, another G protein-coupled receptor, but one which signals through the Gs-adenylyl cyclase pathway. ETARC binds ET-1 like ETAR, but is deficient in signaling. Using a combined concanavalin A/sucrose gradient centrifugation technique to separate plasma membranes from other cellular membranes, we found that [125I]ET-1 is rapidly internalized into ETAR-expr...
Quantification of isomers from a mixture of twelve heparin and heparan sulfate disaccharides using tandem mass spectrometry.

Heparin/heparan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) have been implicated in clinically relevant processes such as hemostasis, infection, development, and cancer progression, through their interactions with proteins. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) were combined to identify and quantify 12 HSGAG disaccharides that can be generated by enzymatic depolymerization with heparin lyases. This technique includes free amine-containing disaccharides that had previously been observed in MSn but not quantified. Our methods use diagnostic product ions from MSn spectra of up to three isomeric disaccharides at once, and up to three sequential stages of MSn in tandem, for the quantitative analysis of the relative percentage of each of these isomers. The isomer quantification was validated using mock mixtures and showed acceptable accuracy and precision. These methods may be applied to the quantification of other isomers by MSn. While each of the 12 disaccharides alone had a linear response to an internal standard in the MS1 spectra, the individual response factors did not remain constant when the concentrations of the other 11 disaccharides in the mixtures fluctuated, due to competition for electrospray ionization. The absolute concentration of one fluctuating isomer was determined out of a constant mixture of the other disaccharides. The rapid, accurate, and sensitive quantification of all isomeric disaccharides may contribute to the eventual sequencing of longer saccharides by MSn, enabling the elucidation of the structure-function relationships of HSGAGs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decoupling Dynamic Information Flow Tracking with a dedicated coprocessor

Dynamic Information Flow Tracking (DIFT) is a promising security technique. With hardware support, DIFT prevents a wide range of attacks on vulnerable software with minimal performance impact. DIFT architectures, however, require significant changes in the processor pipeline that increase design and verification complexity and may affect clock frequency. These complications deter hardware vendors from supporting DIFT. This paper makes hardware support for DIFT cost-effective by decoupling DIFT functionality onto a simple, separate coprocessor. Decoupling is possible because DIFT operations and regular computation need only synchronize on system calls. The coprocessor is a small hardware engine that performs logical operations and caches 4-bit tags. It introduces no changes to the design or layout of the main processor's logic, pipeline, or caches, and can be combined with various processors. Using a full-system hardware prototype and realistic Linux workloads, we show that the DIFT coprocessor provides the same security guarantees as current DIFT architectures with low runtime overheads.
Mechanisms of amphotericin B-induced reduction of the glomerular filtration rate: a micropuncture study.

Amphotericin B infusions cause acute reductions in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. The exact mechanism by which these changes occur has not been identified fully, nor have the effects of the drug on the renal microcirculation been studied adequately. In this study, we examined the effect of intrarenal amphotericin B infusions (0.05 mg/kg/min) on glomerular hemodynamics in the anesthetized rat. Amphotericin B did not affect systemic blood pressure and slightly increased hematocrit (5%), but significantly decreased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate by 40 and 35%, respectively. Glomerular micropuncture revealed decreases in single nephron plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate (from 142 +/- 12 to 89 +/- 14 and from 35.3 +/- 2.2 to 22.8 +/- 2.8 nl/min, respectively). These changes were due to significant increases in pre- and postglomerular resistances (from 1.91 +/- 0.17 to 3.95 +/- 0.38 and from 1.30 +/- 0.10 to 2.08 +/- 0.12 10(10) dyn.sec.cm-5, respectively), and to a significant decrease in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient which fell from 0.043 +/- 0.008 to 0.032 +/- 0.009 nl/(sec.mm Hg). These results provide further insight into the mechanisms of the acute renal effects of amphotericin B, and suggest possible mediators that may be involved in these effects.
Rotational Skin Stretch Feedback: A Wearable Haptic Display for Motion

We present a wearable haptic feedback device that imparts rotational skin stretch to the hairy skin, along with the results of psychophysical tests to determine its resolution and accuracy for motion display. Tracking experiments with visual markers reveal the pattern of skin motion and strain imparted by the device, confirming subjective impressions that the design represents a trade-off between perception at low stimulus levels and comfort at maximum stimulus levels. In an isolated environment, users were able to discriminate between different rotational displacements of stretch within two to five degrees, depending on the reference stimulus. In a more realistic setting, subjects were able to use feedback from the device to control the positioning of a virtual object within six degrees or ±6.5 degrees of the total range of motion. When subjects were passive and exposed to arbitrary rotations of the device, the accuracy was poorer, although it improved with training. The results suggest that wearable skin stretch devices can be an effective means of providing feedback about a user's controlled joint or limb motions for motion training and similar applications.
Wedding the Gottman and Johnson Approaches into an Integrated Model of Couple Therapy

The author discusses how the Johnson and Gottman approaches are compatible and how they can be wed into a more comprehensive model of couple therapy. This discussion is divided into two parts. The ...
Response of femoral neck to estrogen depletion and parathyroid hormone in aged rats

Abstract Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated at 3 months of age and maintained untreated for 1 year after surgery. Baseline control and OVX rats were killed at the beginning of treatment when the rats were 15 months of age and 1 year postovariectomy. The remaining rats were treated with hPTH 1–34 (80 μg/kg BW, 5 days/week) or vehicle for 10 weeks. Quantitative bone histomorphometry was performed on undecalcified longitudinal sections of the proximal femur from each rat. Baseline OVX rats exhibited cancellous and cortical osteopenia at the femoral neck as their mean cancellous bone volume and cortical width were significantly decreased compared to the means for baseline control rats. In addition, baseline OVX rats had increased osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces and a greater cancellous bone formation rate than baseline control rats. OVX rats remained osteopenic with no further bone loss from the femoral neck after 10 weeks of vehicle treatment. In contrast, cancellous bone volume and cortical width in OVX rats treated with PTH were increased to the level of vehicle-treated control rats. The hormone restored lost bone in the femoral neck of OVX rats by markedly stimulating both cancellous and cortical bone formation. These histomorphometric findings in concert with recent biomechanical studies of bone strength indicate that the femoral neck of aged OVX rats is a promising sample site for studies of the prevention and treatment of bone loss induced by estrogen depletion.
Geospatial Web Services in environmental planning

As more and more mapping resources are becoming available, the Web is becoming a confluence of collaborative interactions, negotiations and planning platforms. The integration of Web services with geographic information systems (GIS) has triggered a new wave of interest for using the Web to compose dynamic mapping services for environmental planning. Web services could offer a framework for service integration and composition for collaborative environmental modeling. By wrapping geo-processing services of interoperable standards of XML and SOAP, we demonstrate a prototype implementation of environmental decision support systems GEO- ELCA (exploratory land use change analysis) where Web service-enabled middleware adds core functionality to a Web mapping service. The system demonstrates how geo-processing services can be integrated with environmental simulation models using OGC (Open GIS Consortium) compliant connectors that support WMS (Web mapping service) and WPS (Web processing services).
How to Interpret Elevated Cardiac Troponin Levels

Cardiac troponin (cTn) testing is an essential component of the diagnostic workup and management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Although over the past 15 years the diagnostic performance of the previous gold-standard assay, creatine kinase-MB, has not changed appreciably, the ever-increasing sensitivity of cTn assays has had a dramatic impact on the use of cTn testing to diagnose ACS.1 Here, we present 3 recent clinical cases from the emergency department with acute chest discomfort that exemplify the challenges introduced by high-sensitivity cTn assays: a 48-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with chest discomfort lasting 2 hours and a 3-day history of flu-like symptoms whose ECG showed diffuse ST-segment changes, a 60-year-old woman with a medical history of heart failure who presented to the emergency department with chest pain lasting 1.5 hours whose ECG was nondiagnostic, and a 54-year-old man with a medical history of diabetes mellitus who presented with chest discomfort lasting 1 hour whose ECG was normal. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) testing (TnI-Ultra assay on the ADVIA Centaur XP immunoanalyzer, both Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) was ordered on all 3 patients. The laboratory results were reported as positive in all 3 cases, with the reported values being 0.05, 0.06, and 0.06 ng/mL, respectively, all just above the diagnostic limit of 0.04 ng/mL. Assays for cTn, namely cTnI and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), are the preferred diagnostic tests for ACS, in particular non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, because of the tissue-specific expression of cTnI and cTnT in the myocardium. The results of cTn testing often guide the decision for coronary intervention. However, although the increasing sensitivity of cTn assays lowers the number of potentially missed ACS diagnoses, it presents a diagnostic challenge because the gains in diagnostic sensitivity have inevitably come with a decrease in specificity. For instance, the replacement …
Architectural adaptation in AMRM machines

Application adaptive architectures use architectural mechanisms and policies to achieve system level performance goals. The AMRM project at UC Irvine focuses on adaptation of the memory hierarchy and its role in latency and bandwidth management. This paper describes the architectural principles and first implementation of the AMRM machine proof-of-concept prototype.
A Novel SERCA Inhibitor Demonstrates Synergy with Classic SERCA Inhibitors and Targets Multidrug-Resistant AML

Drug resistance exists as a major obstacle in the treatment of cancer, and drug molecules that retain effectiveness against resistant cancers are a high clinical priority. Ethyl 2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate (CXL017) was recently identified as a promising lead for the treatment of multidrug-resistant leukemia, which elicits its cytotoxic effect, in part, through inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA). Herein initial experiments with SERCA1a and CXL017 demonstrated no significant effect on calcium affinity, competed with ATP, and induced a dose-dependent decrease in ATPase activity. Among all CXLs tested, (-)-CXL017 exhibited the greatest SERCA inhibition with an IC50 = 13.5 ± 0.5 μM. Inhibitor combination studies were used to assess potential interactions between (-)-CXL017 and well-known SERCA inhibitors: thapsigargin, cyclopiazonic acid, and 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone. Surprisingly, (-)-CXL017 exhibited marked synergy with each of the known SERCA inhibitors, whereas all combinations of the known inhibitors yielded additive effects, indicating that (-)-CXL017 may bind at a unique allosteric site. Treatment of parental (HL60) and multidrug-resistant (HL60/MX2) acute myeloid leukemia cells with the known SERCA inhibitors revealed that all of these inhibitors demonstrate selective cytotoxicity (7.7-400-fold) for the resistant cell line. Within the CXL series, a positive correlation exists between SERCA inhibition and cytotoxicity in HL60/MX2 but not HL60. (-)-CXL017 was also shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of thapsigargin in HL60/MX2 cells. Given the elevated SERCA levels and ER calcium content in HL60/MX2, SERCA likely plays a significant role in the collateral sensitivity of this multidrug-resistance cell line to CXL molecules as well as known SERCA inhibitors.
LINGOL: a progress repor

A new parsing algorithm is described. It is intended for use with advice-taking (or augmented) phrase structure grammars of the type used by Woods, Simmons. Heidorn and the author. It has the property that it is guaranteed not to propose a phrase unless there exists a continuation of the sentence seen thus far, in which the phrase plays a role in some surface structure of that sentence. The context in which this algorithm constitutes a contribution to current issues in parsing methodology is discussed, and we present a case for reversing the current trend to ever more complex control structures in natural language systems.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphoid cells in reactive lymph nodes from children with malignant tumors: incidence, distribution pattern, and immunophenotype in 26 patients.

The presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive lymphoid precursors in benign lymph nodes from children has been characterized insufficiently. By using single- and double-labeling immunohistochemical analysis, we examined the frequency, distribution, morphologic features, and immunophenotype of TdT-positive cells in benign lymph nodes from 26 consecutive pediatric patients (4 boys, 22 girls; age, 10 weeks-17 years; median, 4.5 years), 23 of whom had a history of malignant neoplasm. We identified TdT-positive lymphoid cells in all 26 cases. These cells were found adjacent to medullary and cortical sinuses, with a frequency of 1 to 180 cells per high-power field (median, 20 cells), and were present singly and in small clusters. They were morphologically heterogeneous and showed a precursor B-cell immunophenotype including colocalization with CD34 by single-antibody immunohistochemical analysis and coexpression of variable levels of CD79a and CD10 and lack of CD3 expression by double immunostaining. These features should aid in the evaluation of pediatric lymph nodes for partial involvement by lymphoblastic lymphoma/ leukemia. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a nuclear
Functional Scaffolding for Composing Additional Musical Voices

Many tools for computer-assisted composition contain built-in music-theoretical assumptions that may constrain the output to particular styles. In contrast, this article presents a new musical representation that contains almost no built-in knowledge, but that allows even musically untrained users to generate polyphonic textures that are derived from the user’s own initial compositions. This representation, called functional scaffolding for musical composition (FSMC), exploits a simple yet powerful property of multipart compositions: The pattern of notes and rhythms in different instrumental parts of the same song are functionally related. That is, in principle, one part can be expressed as a function of another. Music in FSMC is represented accordingly as a functional relationship between an existing human composition, or scaffold, and a generated set of one or more additional musical voices. A human user without any musical expertise can then explore how the generated voice (or voices) should relate to the scaffold through an interactive evolutionary process akin to animal breeding. By inheriting from the intrinsic style and texture of the piece provided by the user, this approach can generate additional voices for potentially any style of music without the need for extensive musical expertise.
Introducing Volleyball as a Noon Hour Activity

(1969). Introducing Volleyball as a Noon Hour Activity. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 55-55.
Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Vortex Parameters from Simulated Coherent Doppler Lidar Data

Abstract The performance of pulsed coherent Doppler lidar in estimating aircraft trailing wake vortices by scanning across the aircraft flight track is evaluated using Monte Carlo lidar simulations of a simple vortex pair in both a nonturbulent and turbulent environment. The performance estimates are based on maximum likelihood estimates of aircraft wake vortex parameters and provide a measure of the ability of the lidar to detect and track wake vortices under the best possible conditions. Two aircraft types are considered: the Boeing 737 and the Boeing 747. Rigorous error analyses are produced by comparing the estimated parameters from numerical simulations of raw lidar data with the known input parameters of the simulation. It is shown that the probability density functions for the estimates are approximately Gaussian and the bias is very small. The main source of the bias was determined to be the movement of the vortex during the lidar scan. The estimation error is increased by the effects of a backgro...
Human Monoclonal Antibody against Endotoxin

Little progress has been made over the past several years in the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock. Advances in biotechnology have led to the development of human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin (HA-1A), a toxic mediator of the septic response. HA-1A is an immunoglobulin M antibody to the lipid A component of the endotoxin molecule. It distributes into an apparent volume of distribution 10–20 percent larger than plasma volume and has a circulating half-life of 16.0 hours. In a major, multicenter, double-blind trial of HA-1A 100 mg administered intravenously versus placebo, mortality was greatly reduced in HA-1A recipients with gram-negative bacteremia. Increased survival was noted early and was sustained throughout the 28-day study period in patients with and without shock at the time of enrollment. HA-1A has an excellent safety profile; thus far only two minor hypersensitivity reactions and no drug interactions have been reported. Based on currently available information, the r...
Anticancer activities of carbonate and carbamate derivatives of 4-demethylpenclomedine

A280 4-DM-PEN is a non-neurotoxic metabolite of penclomedine (PEN) with anti-cancer properties. However, 4-DM-PEN does not readily cross the blood brain barrier and does not produce complete remissions in intracerebral (IC) gliomas. PEN did produce responses in clinical trials (gliomas - CR), but was neurotoxic and all trials ceased. DEKK-TEC and SRI have synthesized 20 carbonate and carbamate derivatives of 4-DM-PEN. Analogs prepared were from the series: 4-DM-PEN-4-OCO2-X & 4-DM-PEN-4-OCONH-X, where X = benzyl, methyl, ethyl, octyl, 4-Cl-, 4-F-, 4- & 2-nitrobenzyl, phenyl, 4-Cl-, 4-F-, 4-nitrophenyl, N-morpholino and cholesteryl groups. Anti-cancer activities were noted with both groups when administered IP daily x 5 days to SC growing MX-1 xenografts [response ranges - %ILS >50% and 20-40% CR]. However, only a carbonate, 4-demethyl-4-cholesteryloxy-penclomedine (DM-CHOC-PEN, X=cholesteryl) was active (produced CRs) vs. three IC implanted xenograft tumor (U251, D54 & MX-1) models with no weight loss. BCNU controls did not produce CRs in IC implanted glioma xenografts, such as D-54 in mice. The IC tumor responses for DM-CHOC-PEN are the platform for our interest in evaluating the latter drug as clinical treatment for 1o and 2o CNS malignancies in humans. The IC activity is in contrast to DM-PEN, which was active vs. MX-1 breast tumor xenografts growing SC in mice but did not produce CRs in IC implanted human U-251and D-54 glioblastoma multiforme xenografts and MX-1 xenograft models. DM-CHOC-PEN vs DM-PEN has improved activity (% ILS/CR) in IC implanted human xenograft models - U251 glioma: +29/25 vs 17/0, resp. and MX-1 breast cancer: +20/17 vs 12/0, resp. DM-CHOC-PEN’s acute toxicology in mice and dogs has been reported - AACR 48, abst. 5614, 2007. Mechanisms for CNS anticancer activity and clinical plans for Phase 1 trials will be discussed. Supported by NCI/SBIR grant - 5R44CA85021.
Genomic Characterization of the Human Heterotrimeric G Protein α, β, and γ Subunit Genes

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) transduce extracellular signals received by transmembrane receptors to effector proteins. Each subunit of the G protein complex is encoded by a member of one of three corresponding gene families. Currently, 16 different members of the alpha subunit family, 5 different members of the beta subunit family, and 11 different members of the gamma subunit family have been described in mammals. Here we have identified and characterized Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) containing the human homologs of each of the alpha, beta, and gamma subunit genes as well as a G alpha11 pseudogene and a previously undiscovered G gamma5-like gene. The gene structure and chromosome location of each gene was determined, as were the orientations of paired genes. These results provide greater insight into the evolution and functional diversity of the mammalian G protein subunit genes.
Measurements of Weight Bearing Asymmetry Using the Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Board Are Not Reliable for Older Adults and Individuals With Stroke.

Background Clinicians and researchers have used bathroom scales, balance performance monitors with feedback, postural scale analysis, and force platforms to evaluate weight bearing asymmetry (WBA). Now video game consoles offer a novel alternative for assessing this construct. By using specialized software, the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board can provide reliable measurements of WBA in healthy, young adults. However, reliability of measurements obtained using only the factory settings to assess WBA in older adults and individuals with stroke has not been established. Purpose To determine whether measurements of WBA obtained using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board and default settings are reliable in older adults and individuals with stroke. Methods Weight bearing asymmetry was assessed using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board in 2 groups of participants-individuals older than 65 years (n = 41) and individuals with stroke (n = 41). Participants were given a standardized set of instructions and were not provided auditory or visual feedback. Two trials were performed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measure (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) scores were determined for each group. Results The ICC for the older adults sample was 0.59 (0.35-0.76) with SEM95 = 6.2% and MDC95 = 8.8%. The ICC for the sample including individuals with stroke was 0.60 (0.47-0.70) with SEM95 = 9.6% and MDC95 = 13.6%. Discussion Although measurements of WBA obtained using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board, and its default factory settings, demonstrate moderate reliability in older adults and individuals with stroke, the relatively high associated SEM and MDC values substantially reduce the clinical utility of the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board as an assessment tool for WBA. Conclusions Weight bearing asymmetry cannot be measured reliably in older adults and individuals with stroke using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board without the use of specialized software.
Cabbage Looper: Effect of Temperature on Toxicity of Insecticides in the Laboratory

The effect of different posttreatment temperatures on insecticides against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) was studied in the laboratory. Insecticides were administered as treated leaves (leaf-dip test) or by topical application. In leaf-dip tests, toxicity of methomyl was essentially unaffected by temperature. A decrease from 32° to 10°C resulted in losses of toxicities of 1.5× with Monitor® ( O, S -dimethyl phosphoramidothioate) 3× with mevinphos and methyl parathion. 10× with endosulfan, and 20× with monocrotophos. Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner fell sharply below 32°C, and no mortality occurred at 4°C. In topical tests, toxicity of mevinphos was unaffected by temperatures above 10°C. A decrease from 32° to 10°C resulted in losses of toxicities of 2× with naled, 3× with methomyl and monocrotophos, 4.5× with Monitor, and 26× with methyl parathion. Endosulfan was ineffective below 21°C.
Visceral States Call for Visceral Measures: Verbal Overshadowing of Hunger Ratings Across Assessment Modalities.

We introduce a nonverbal “visceral” measure of hunger (i.e., squeezing a handheld dynamometer) and provide the first evidence of verbal overshadowing effects in this visceral domain. We presented 106 participants with popcorn and recorded their hunger levels in one of three conditions: (1) first report hunger using a traditional self-report rating scale (i.e., verbal measure) and then indicate hunger by squeezing a dynamometer (i.e., nonverbal measure), (2) first indicate hunger verbally and then indicate hunger nonverbally, or (3) indicate hunger only nonverbally. As hypothesized, nonverbal measures of hunger predicted subsequent eating behavior when they were uncontaminated by verbal measures—either because they preceded verbal measures of hunger or because they were the sole measure of hunger. Moreover, nonverbal measures of hunger were a better predictor of eating behavior than verbal measures. Implications of the study for communicating embodied experiences in a way that escapes the confines of symbo...
The Role of Regional Conferences in Research Resident Career Development: The California Psychiatry Research Resident Retreat

For psychiatry research resident career development, there is a recognized need for improved cross-institutional mentoring and networking opportunities. One method to address this need is via regional conferences, open to current and recently graduated research residents and their mentors. With this in mind, we developed the biennial California Psychiatry Research Resident Retreat (CPRRR) and collected feedback from participants to 1) Assess resident satisfaction, 2) Determine the utility of the retreat as a networking and mentorship tool, and 3) Identify areas for improvement. We gathered survey data from resident attendees at the two first CPRRRs. We analyzed the data to look for trends in satisfaction as well as areas that need improvement. Thirty-two residents from five California training programs attended the CPRRR in 2013 while 33 attended from six programs in 2015. The residents were from all years of training, but concentrated in their second and third years. Approximately 41% and 49% of the attendees were female and 53% and 39% had an MD/PhD in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Twenty-four and 32 residents provided anonymous feedback in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Mean feedback scores were very high (> 4/5) for overall satisfaction, peer- and faculty-networking, the keynote speaker and the flash talks for both years. Mean feedback scores for the ethics debates and mentoring sessions were somewhat lower (≤ 4/5), however, both showed significant improvement from 2013 to 2015. The CPRRRs appear to be an effective mechanism for providing psychiatry research residents with a meaningful cross-institutional opportunity for networking and mentorship. Feedback-driven changes to the CPRRRs improved participant satisfaction for several components of the conference. Future efforts will be aimed at broadening mentorship and networking opportunities, optimizing teaching approaches for research ethics, and considering different feedback-gathering approaches to allow for improved longitudinal follow-up and subgroup analysis.
The effect of low-dose aminophylline and steroid in the treatment of cough variant asthma study

Objective:To observe the low-dose aminophylline and steroid treatment of cough variant asthma.Methods:60 patients with cough variant asthma were randomly divided into two groups and the control group,30 cases in each group and control group before going to bed inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate 300 μg/d,14 days later reduced to 200 μg/d,1 month after 100 μg/d.Observation group were based on the use of small doses of aminophylline 0.2 g/d,14 days later reduced to 0.1 g/d,1 month after the 0.05 g/d,bedtime orally for 6 months observation of curative effects were observed. Results:The frequency of asthma attack group,the duration of each attack were lower than the control group(P0.05) ,peak expiratory flow indices of pulmonary function(PEF) control group(P0.01) .Conclusion:Low dose aminophylline BDP synergistic effect on cough variant asthma control has a positive effect,and can improve lung function.
The Problems and Their Solutions Faced by Periodicals of Scierce and Technology in the 21st Century

In the new century, periodicals of science and technology have great functions in spreading scientific knowl-edge and in improving the productive forces They are facing many problems and challenges. The author of this paper e-laborates the hardships being faced by periodicals of science and technology and points out the tactics. It concludes thatthe chances and ways exist at the same time. Periodicals can come out of the difficult situation and have new and greaterfuntions in the new century on the condition that the editors liberate and change their thoughts abide by the rules of devel-opment and operting and go ahead continously.
Shanxi Province Farmers Contracted Management of Land in the Development of Agricultural Industrialization Management Special Research Report

In recent years,based on the special advantage industries in Shanxi province,double launched seven big industry project,under the strong policy measures to promote the agricultural industrialization to rapid and healthy development of the industrialization leading enterprise scale expansion accelerated pace. In the process,increasing industrialization development of the local farmers,enterprises and farmers benefit connection mechanism innovation. How to further promote the interests of the enterprises and farmers to establish a close community,make the broad masses of farmers to share the economic benefits of agricultural industrialization and rapid development,is the important problem of the need to explore our province agriculture industrialization development.
Ripple Effects: the Work of Art in the World

Art Works in the world, especially in alliance with the practical disciplines of law, medicine, and economic development. It works as a trigger for thinking differently and breaking habits that mire societies in stagnant practices. This essay is a description of some existing alliances and also a call for more collaboration between artists and social activists.