cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Platelet Response to Serotonin in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease

Patients with heart disease and depression have an increased mortality rate. Both behavioral and biologic factors have been proposed as potential etiologic mechanisms. Given that the pathophysiology of depression is considered to involve disruption in brain serotonergic signaling, we investigated platelet response to serotonin stimulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). We enrolled 92 patients with stable CAD. Platelet response to increasing concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), epinephrine-augmented 5-HT, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was measured by optical aggregation and flow cytometry. As concentrations of 5-HT and ADP increased, so did the activation and aggregation of the platelets. However, on addition of the highest concentration of 5-HT (30 μM), a significant decrease in platelet activation (p = 0.005) was detected by flow cytometry. This contrasts the increase in platelet activation seen with the addition of the highest concentration of ADP. In conclusion, we found increased platelet activation and aggregation with increased concentrations of ADP; however, when platelets are stimulated with a high concentration of 5-HT (30 μM), there is decreased platelet activation. The data demonstrate unique patterns of platelet activation by 5-HT in patients with stable CAD. The cause of this phenomenon is unclear. Our study sheds light on the in vitro response of platelet function to serotonin in patients with stable CAD, which may further the mechanistic understanding of heart disease and depression.
Reduced GABAA receptor α6 expression in the trigeminal ganglion alters inflammatory TMJ hypersensitivity

Trigeminal ganglia neurons express the GABAA receptor subunit alpha 6 (Gabrα6) but the role of this particular subunit in orofacial hypersensitivity is unknown. In this report the function of Gabrα6 was tested by reducing its expression in the trigeminal ganglia and measuring the effect of this reduction on inflammatory temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypersensitivity. Gabrα6 expression was reduced by infusing the trigeminal ganglia of male Sprague Dawley rats with small interfering RNA (siRNA) having homology to either the Gabrα6 gene (Gabrα6 siRNA) or no known gene (control siRNA). Sixty hours after siRNA infusion the rats received a bilateral TMJ injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant to induce an inflammatory response. Hypersensitivity was then quantitated by measuring meal duration, which lengthens when hypersensitivity increases. Neuronal activity in the trigeminal ganglia was also measured by quantitating the amount of phosphorylated ERK. Rats in a different group that did not have TMJ inflammation had an electrode placed in the spinal cord at the level of C1 sixty hours after siRNA infusion to record extracellular electrical activity of neurons that responded to TMJ stimulation. Our results show that Gabrα6 was expressed in both neurons and satellite glia of the trigeminal ganglia and that Gabrα6 positive neurons within the trigeminal ganglia have afferents in the TMJ. Gabrα6 siRNA infusion reduced Gabrα6 gene expression by 30% and significantly lengthened meal duration in rats with TMJ inflammation. Gabrα6 siRNA infusion also significantly increased p-ERK expression in the trigeminal ganglia of rats with TMJ inflammation and increased electrical activity in the spinal cord of rats without TMJ inflammation. These results suggest that maintaining Gabrα6 expression was necessary to inhibit primary sensory afferents in the trigeminal pathway and reduce inflammatory orofacial nociception.
Automatic Detection of Primary Motor Areas Using Diffusion MRI Tractography: Comparison with Functional MRI and Electrical Stimulation Mapping

Summary Purpose As an alternative tool to identify cortical motor areas for planning surgical resection in children with focal epilepsy, the present study proposed a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) classification of corticospinal tract (CST) visualized by diffusion MR tractography. Methods Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed in 17 normally developing children and 20 children with focal epilepsy. An independent component analysis tractography combined with ball–stick model was performed to identify unique CST pathways originating from mouth/lip, finger, and leg areas determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy children and electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) in children with epilepsy. Group analyses were performed to construct stereotaxic probability maps of primary motor pathways connecting precentral gyrus and posterior limb of internal capsule, and then utilized to design a novel MAP classifier that can sort individual CST fibers associated with three classes of interest: mouth/lip, fingers, and leg. A systematic leave-one-out approach was applied to train an optimal classifier. A match was considered to occur if classified fibers contacted or surrounded true areas localized by fMRI and ESM. Key Findings It was found that the DWI-MAP provided high accuracy for the CST fibers terminating in proximity to the localization of fMRI/ESM: 78%/77% for mouth/lip, 77%/76% for fingers, 78%/86% for leg (contact), and 93%/89% for mouth/lip, 91%/89% for fingers, and 92%/88% for leg (surrounded within 2 cm). Significance This study provides preliminary evidence that in the absence of fMRI and ESM data, the DWI-MAP approach can effectively retrieve the locations of cortical motor areas and underlying CST courses for planning epilepsy surgery.
Neuromuscular compartments and fiber-type regionalization in the human inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

The inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC) muscle functions during swallowing, respiration, and vocalization. The most-caudal portion of the IPC is believed to be part of the functional upper esophageal sphincter (UES). We hypothesized that the caudal fibers of the human IPC may have enzyme-histochemical characteristics similar to those of the cricopharyngeus muscle, a major component of the UES. In this study, human IPC muscles obtained from autopsy were studied using Sihler's stain to examine innervation patterns, and using myofibrillar ATPase, NADH tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) techniques to investigate the distribution and oxidative capacity of the slow- (type I) and fast- (type II) twitch fibers in the muscle. The results showed that the human IPC consists of at least two neuromuscular compartments (NMCs): rostral and caudal. Each of the NMCs was innervated by a separate nerve branch derived from the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve. The rostral NMC is faster (39% type I, 61% type II) than the caudal NMC (70% type I, 30% type II). In addition, two histochemically-delineated fiber layers were identified in the human IPC: a slow inner layer (SIL) with predominantly type I fibers (66%), and a fast outer layer (FOL) with predominantly type II fibers (62%) (P < 0.01). However, the dimensions of both fiber layers and proportions of the muscle fiber types varied with the NMCs. Specifically, the ratio of the thickness of the SIL to FOL was approximately 2:1 for the caudal NMC and approximately 1:2 for the rostral NMC, respectively. In the SIL the type I fibers accounted for 84% for the caudal NMC and 69% and 44% for the lower and upper portions of the rostral NMC. In contrast, the type II fibers in the FOL accounted for 46% for the caudal NMC and 67% and 74% for the lower and upper portions of the rostral NMC, respectively (P < 0.01). The caudal NMC of the IPC shared histochemical characteristics with the cricopharyngeus muscle, in that it contained predominantly slow oxidative fibers. Overall, the caudal NMC and the SIL in the IPC had high NADH-TR and SDH activities. However, different patterns of oxidative enzyme activity were identified in both type I and type II fibers. This study provided histochemical evidence for the concept that the caudal NMC within the IPC contributes to the functional UES. In addition, the two histochemically-defined fiber layers in the IPC may be a specialized adaptation in humans to enable different upper-airway functions during respiration, swallowing, and speech.
Video-based training increases sterile-technique compliance during central venous catheter insertion.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of an online training course containing video clips of central venous catheter insertions on compliance with sterile practice.Design:Prospective randomized controlled study.Setting:Admitting area of a university-based high-volume trauma center.Subjects:Surgical and e
Safe application of diagnostic laparoscopy during biventricular assistance

We performed diagnostic laparoscopy in a patient who was critically unstable while on an ABIOMED BVS 5000 biventricular assist system. A relatively unique feature of the ABIOMED is the venous return being dependent only on gravity and the drawing force of venous return being the height of the inflow cannula compared with the level of the ABIOMED blood pump assembly; this did not preclude the use of pneumoperitoneum necessary for laparoscopy. The safe application of diagnostic laparoscopy in patients on a ventricular assist device is of importance in an era of increasing use of these devices and the increased potential for intraabdominal complications in this population.
Isolation of Bacteroides fragilis Mutants with In Vivo Growth Defects by Using Tn4400′, a Modified Tn4400 Transposition System, and a New Screening Method

A modified version of the Bacteroides fragilis transposon Tn4400, designated Tn4400', enabling rapid isolation and analysis of B. fragilis mutants has been constructed. To identify potential virulence factors, Tn4400'-generated mutants were screened by a new method; this resulted in the isolation of 21 mutant strains with impaired growth characteristics on tissue culture monolayers but normal growth in rich medium anaerobically.
Influence of internal resonance on the non-linear oscillations of a circular ring under primary resonance conditions

An accurate set of equations of motion, developed previously by the authors, is used to analyze the large amplitude forced oscillations of a thin circular ring. Qualitative and quantitative information about the primary response of a ring subjected to either a distributed harmonic in-plane or a distributed harmonic out-of-plane load is obtained by the method of multiple scales. The response due to the in-plane excitation of a ring in the presence of an internal resonance indicates that purely planar oscillations are unstable over a major portion of the primary resonant peak, and that non-planar oscillations exist over certain ranges of excitation frequencies. For certain values of excitation frequencies, the presence of unsteady motions with no exchange of energy between the in-plane and the out-of-plane modes is also indicated. On the other hand, internal resonance is shown to have no effect on the primary resonant peak due to the out-of-plane excitation. However, over certain other ranges of excitation frequencies, the in-plane bending mode is also excited (at the same order) and the resulting response is non-planar.
Gadolinium‐based percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with renal insufficiency

We report the first case of using gadolinium as a contrast agent to perform percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with an acute coronary syndrome and a history of renal insufficiency. The procedure was well tolerated without any complications or nephrotoxicity. The images obtained with gadolinium were of good quality.
Effect of rapid thermal annealing on anodic oxides on InP

The effect of rapid thermal annealing on anodic oxides on InP is investigated. The results of measurements show that dc resistivity increases. Dc current conduction mechanism switches from Schottky emission to Pool-Frenkel emission. The flat band voltage shift changes causing the surface of InP to change from an inversion to a depletion layer. The permittivity and especially ac conductivity vary with annealing temperature. The ac conductivity shows a sublinear frequency dependence. Les effets (L'effet) du recuit thermal rapide sur les oxides anodiques sur le InP sont etudies dans cette these. Les resultats des mesures montrent que la resistivite du courant continu augmente. Le mecanisme de conduction du courant continu change, allant de l'emission Schottky a l'emission Pool-Frenkel. Le changement de voltage (flat band = dans des conditions de frequence neutre?) se modifie, causant la surface du InP de changer, allant de l'inversion a la diminution. La permittivite et surtout la conductivite du courant alternatif varie avec la temperature du recuit. La conductivite du courant alternatif montre une dependance de frequence sous-lineaire.
Sexual Dimorphism in Gynodioecious Sidalcea hirtipes (Malvaceae). I. Seed, Fruit, and Ecophysiology

Gynodioecy is a stable dimorphism of female and hermaphrodite individuals. Females often exhibit a higher seed or fruit set. This difference in reproductive investment is hypothesized in models of sex allocation theory to result in compensatory sex differences in vegetative traits, such as leaf physiological function, and in microhabitat. To investigate this possibility in gynodioecious Sidalcea hirtipes in two Oregon coastal populations, I compared the two sex morphs in several physiological and ecological variables, including fruit and seed set, spatial dispersion, instantaneous gas exchange, water use efficiency, and water potential. Several significant sex differences were found: Hermaphrodites exhibited a lower \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \...
Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation via Null Steering for the Multipath Limiting Antenna in Local Area Augmentation Systems

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is one of the major sources of error that can degrade the performance of the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS). The Multipath Limiting Antenna (MLA) takes care of the ground multipath error that occur in airport environments by having a severely reduced gain below the horizon. This work presents a potential RFI mitigation technique for L1 band (1575.42 MHz) that reduces its effect on the accuracy, availability, and integrity of the LAAS architecture. A planar antenna array of microstrip patches is designed and simulated, and the resulting steered beam in the RFI direction is subtracted from the MLA one to reduce its effect on the received signals. The effect of such technique on the desired-to-undesired gain ratio, phase center variation, and group delay is presented.
Implementation of a hidden Markov model-based layered grammar recognizer

The authors describe the challenges encountered and the tradeoffs made in the implementation of a hidden Markov-model-based continuous-word recognizer. Calypso, a multiple processor system, is the implementation platform. The model-driven approach used in the recognition scheme is computationally demanding and requires a scoring buffer of several hundred kilobytes of data memory. Strategies to reduce this need for a large data-memory and number of compute-cycles without adversely impacting performance are given. Fixed-point representation issues and techniques to prevent overflows are addressed. As a result of these studies a TMS320C25-based continuous-word recognizer has been realized. All recognizer functions, including signal processing, model evaluation, and grammar control, are performed by a single TMS320C25. A time/space analysis of the implementation and performance of the word recognizer is given. >
Dinitrogen Fixation by Winter Chickpea Across Scales in Waterlogged Soil in a Mediterranean Climate

Studies on N2 fixation by grain legumes during periods of winter waterlogging prone Mediterranean regions have rarely been performed across scales. Here, we quantified the spatial variability of N2 fixation by rain-fed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at the field- and micro-scales (0.15 m spacing) after waterlogging during the vegetative growth phase in the winter. We also determined effects of tillage (standard and minimum) and crop and soil variables on N2 fixation in water stressed conditions. After waterlogging, yield was greatly reduced but there were no visible signs of water stress or tillage effects on N2 fixation. At the field scale, percent N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa) ranged from 51 to 93 % and was related to the amount of soil-derived N in the plant. Total grain N did not increase when N2 fixation increased and the amount of N derived from the soil was replaced with fixed N. In contrast, %Ndfa at the micro-scale, ranging between 0 to 72 %, was primarily related to yield and total plant N whereas available soil N or any of the other measured soil properties were not significant predictors of %Ndfa. Total N in the grain increased solely due to N2 fixation as the contribution from soil N remained constant. Although %Ndfa had a nearly pure nugget variance across the scales, total N derived from N2 fixation (gNdfa) showed a relatively high level of spatial correlation. The range of available soil N pools was likely different at the two scales, leading to differences in the responses of chickpea N2 fixation to available soil N.
Expression and phylogenetic analyses of three zebrafish FoxI class genes.

We have identified three novel members of the zebrafish forkhead class I gene family, which we have named foxi2, foxi3a, and foxi3b. We have reported previously the identification of zebrafish foxi1, which is required for otic placode and jaw development. Expression analysis shows that foxi2 is expressed within the chordamesoderm during early somitogenesis and the retina and pharyngeal arches during later stages. The foxi3a and foxi3b genes likely represent a recently duplicated pair, and they are similarly expressed in epidermal mucous cells throughout embryogenesis and early larval stages. None of these newly identified FoxI genes are expressed in otic precursor cells and, therefore, are unlikely to share functional overlap with foxi1 in the development of the inner ear. In addition to these zebrafish FoxI paralogs, we have identified 16 new FoxI sequences in species ranging from Ciona intestinalis to Homo sapiens. We present an extensive phylogenetic analysis of the FoxI class that includes these new sequences together with those previously reported. This analysis supports the existence of three subfamilies within the FoxI class, each containing at least one zebrafish member.
Elevated ATPase Activity of KaiC Applies a Circadian Checkpoint on Cell Division in Synechococcus elongatus

A circadian clock coordinates physiology and behavior in diverse groups of living organisms. Another major cyclic cellular event, the cell cycle, is regulated by the circadian clock in the few cases where linkage of these cycles has been studied. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the circadian clock gates cell division by an unknown mechanism. Using timelapse microscopy, we confirm the gating of cell division in the wild-type and demonstrate the regulation of cytokinesis by key clock components. Specifically, a state of the oscillator protein KaiC that is associated with elevated ATPase activity closes the gate by acting through a known clock output pathway to inhibit FtsZ ring formation at the division site. An activity that stimulates KaiC phosphorylation independently of the KaiA protein was also uncovered. We propose a model that separates the functions of KaiC ATPase and phosphorylation in cell division gating and other circadian behaviors.
How Journals and Institutions Can Work Together to Promote Responsible Conduct

Little has been published on how institutions and journals can work together in an increasingly visible arena of research misconduct. The investigatory process can be challenged with the scientific community's need or want to know about allegations and findings of misconduct. This article explores how journals and institutions have different perspectives and possible ways institutions and journals can cooperate.
Relationships and HIV Risk Among Incarcerated Women

HIV risk is a public health concern, particularly for women prisoners who are reentering the community. This article describes findings from focus groups conducted as part of the National Institute...
Bioinformatics and Proteomics: An Engineering Problem Solving-Based Approach

There is a growing need for engineers in the burgeoning fields of bioinformatics and proteomics. The high-throughput nature of both of these related fields has made traditional biological methods, which tend to focus on one or two molecules at a time, obsolete. The consequent deluge of experiment-based information has made engineering and problem-solving skills essential to attack the resulting complex, multiscale problems. Certain technologies, such as robotics automation, microfabrication, control, and signal processing, are particularly amenable to the engineering expertise of electrical and other engineering disciplines. This paper describes methodologies and findings from 6.092/HST.480, two courses taught in 2005, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) that focused on bioinformatics and proteomics with an engineering-based, problem-solving approach. Many questions exist regarding how such interdisciplinary courses should be structured. For example, what should be the prerequisites, and what teaching methods could be successfully used? The course teaching style involved an elaboration, theory-based approach so that students could extend and apply engineering concepts at increasing levels of complexity as the course progressed. In addition, the biological epitomes used were in increasing levels of abstraction. On subsequent evaluations, students had high praise for the teaching, and several pursued further research in this area. Analysis of the student feedback suggested that this course served a previously unfilled need
On the role of localization cues in binaural segregation of reverberant speech

Approaches to binaural and stereo speech segregation have often assumed that localization information can be used as a primary cue to achieve segregation of a target signal. Results produced by these systems degrade significantly in the presence of room reverberation. In this work, we present an alternative framework to achieve localization of groups of time-frequency units. We show that grouping across time and frequency allows the use of localization as an important cue for sequential grouping of time-frequency objects. We analyze the level of time-frequency grouping needed to achieve accurate object localization and show preliminary binaural segregation results using the proposed framework. Results indicate that both localization and segregation performance can be improved by grouping across time and frequency.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Treatment of Unresectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Guideline: Update 2003

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) previously published evidencebased guidelines for the treatment of unresectable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1]. ASCO guidelines are updated periodically by the responsible Expert Panel (Appendix) [2]. For the 2003 update, a methodology similar to that applied in the original ASCO practice guidelines for treatment of unresectable NSCLC was used. Pertinent information published from 1996 through March 2003 was reviewed. The MEDLINE database (1996 through October 2002; National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) was searched to identify relevant information from the published literature for this update. A series of searches was conducted using the medical subject headings, “carcinoma, non–small-cell lung,” “diagnostic imaging,” “neoplasm staging,” “mediastinoscopy,” “bone neoplasms,” “brain neoplasms,” “liver neoplasms,” “adrenal gland neoplasms,” “non–small-cell lung cancer,” “radionuclide imaging,” “bisphosphonates,” “radiotherapy,” “smoking,” “chemoprevention,” and the text words “chemotherapy,” “bone scan,” “PET,” and “zoledronic acid.” These terms were combined with the study design–related subject headings or text words “meta-analysis” and “randomized controlled trial.” Search results were limited to human studies and English-language articles. The Cochrane Library was searched in October 2002 using the phrase “lung cancer.” Directed searches based on the bibliographies of primary articles were also performed. Randomized trials published in the literature since October 2002, as well as data presented at ASCO Annual Meetings, were added to the evidence for these guidelines at the discretion of members of the Expert Panel. The entire update committee met once to discuss strategy and assign responsibilities for the update. A writing committee subsequently met to further review the literature searches, collate different sections of the update, and refine the manuscript. A draft update was circulated to the full Expert Panel for review and approval. The final document was also reviewed by ASCO’s Health Services Research Committee and the ASCO Board of Directors. Each recommendation from the 1997 guideline is listed below, and is followed by an updated (2003) recommendation, if applicable. “No change” is indicated if a particular recommendation has not been revised. A summary of the evidence follows thereafter. In order to preserve the framework of the 1997 guideline, information and recommendations regarding major topics, such as fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDGPET), have been divided and distributed to the appropriate section of the text. ASCO considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary. The ultimate determination regarding their application is to be made by the physician in light of each From the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA.
In vivo photoacoustic imaging of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in squamous cell carcinoma using a near-infrared caspase-9 probe

Anti-cancer drugs typically exert their pharmacological effect on tumors by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death, within the cancer cells. However, no tools exist in the clinic for detecting apoptosis in real time. Microscopic examination of surgical biopsies and secondary responses, such as morphological changes, are used to verify efficacy of a treatment. Here, we developed a novel near-infrared dye-based imaging probe to directly detect apoptosis with high specificity in cancer cells by utilizing a noninvasive photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technique. Nude mice bearing head and neck tumors received cisplatin chemotherapy (10 mg/kg) and were imaged by PAI after tail vein injection of the contrast agent. In vivo PAI indicated a strong apoptotic response to chemotherapy on the peripheral margins of tumors, whereas untreated controls showed no contrast enhancement by PAI. The apoptotic status of the mouse tumor tissue was verified by immunohistochemical techniques staining for cleaved caspase-3 p11 subunit. The results demonstrated the potential of this imaging probe to guide the evaluation of chemotherapy treatment.
Carrier capture in InGaAsSb/InAs/InGaSb type-II QW laser heterostructures

Experimental studies of the electron and hole concentration dynamics in the barrier of GaSb-based type-II quantum-well (QW) heterostructures was performed. Difference between electron and hole relaxation rates is explained by corresponding QW carrier confinement energies.
Analysis of Ga coordination environment in novel spinel zinc gallium oxy-nitride photocatalysts

Novel zinc gallium oxy-nitrides, with the spinel structure and visible light band gaps, have been synthesized by nitridation of zinc gallate produced by sol–gel synthesis. These spinel oxy-nitrides have band gaps of 2.5 to 2.7 eV, surface areas of 16 to 36 m2 g−1, and nitrogen content less than 1.5%. They degrade methylene blue dye in visible light. The reduction in band gap is associated with the incorporation of nitrogen in the zinc gallate structure and corresponding changes in the anion position parameter as well as the presence of a small fraction of gallium tetrahedral centers and anion vacancies. While spinel oxy-nitrides are produced under nitridation at 550 °C, at higher temperatures they are consumed to form wurzitic oxy-nitrides. The wurtzite materials also have band gaps less than 3 eV but their surface areas are 2 to 5 m2 g−1. The changes associated with the gallium coordination as the spinel zinc gallate precursor transforms into the spinel oxy-nitride at 550 °C, and further changes into the wurtzite oxy-nitride at 850 °C are studied through X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, neutron powder diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and other techniques. The protocol developed in this report opens an avenue for the synthesis of semiconductors having the spinel crystal structure and band gaps engineered to the visible region with potential applications for opto-electronic devices and photocatalytic processes.
Systematic Deletion and Mitotic Localization of the Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins of Aspergillus nidulans

To define the extent of the modification of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) during Aspergillus nidulans closed mitosis, a systematic analysis of nuclear transport genes has been completed. Thirty genes have been deleted defining 12 nonessential and 18 essential genes. Several of the nonessential deletions caused conditional phenotypes and self-sterility, whereas deletion of some essential genes caused defects in nuclear structure. Live cell imaging of endogenously tagged NPC proteins (Nups) revealed that during mitosis 14 predicted peripheral Nups, including all FG repeat Nups, disperse throughout the cell. A core mitotic NPC structure consisting of membrane Nups, all components of the An-Nup84 subcomplex, An-Nup170, and surprisingly, An-Gle1 remained throughout mitosis. We propose this minimal mitotic NPC core provides a conduit across the nuclear envelope and acts as a scaffold to which dispersed Nups return during mitotic exit. Further, unlike other dispersed Nups, An-Nup2 locates exclusively to mitotic chromatin, suggesting it may have a novel mitotic role in addition to its nuclear transport functions. Importantly, its deletion causes lethality and defects in DNA segregation. This work defines the dramatic changes in NPC composition during A. nidulans mitosis and provides insight into how NPC disassembly may be integrated with mitosis.
Near-surface shear-wave velocity measurements in unlithified sediment

S-wave velocity can be directly correlated to material stiffness and lithology making it a valuable physical property that has found uses in construction, engineering, and environmental projects. This study compares different methods for measuring S-wave velocities, investigating and identifying the differences among the methods’ results, and prioritizing the different methods for optimal S-wave use at the U. S. Army’s Yuma Proving Grounds (YPG). Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and S-wave tomography were used to generate S-wave velocity profiles. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. A strong signal-to-noise ratio at the study site gives the MASW method promising resolution. S-wave first arrivals are picked on impulsive sledgehammer data which were then used for the tomography process. Three-component downhole seismic data were collected in-line with a locking geophone, providing ground truth to compare the data and to draw conclusions about the validity of each data set. Results from these S-wave measurement techniques are compared with borehole seismic data and with lithology data from continuous samples to help ascertain the accuracy, and therefore applicability, of each method. This study helps to select the best methods for obtaining S-wave velocities for media much like those found in unconsolidated sediments at YPG.
In-lab research grid for optimization and control of wind and energy storage systems

The variability of wind power limits its grid penetration and increases costs. At high penetration levels, the variable output of wind requires utilities to dedicate much of their available reserve generation capacity to accommodate this variability. This paper presents research on improving wind energy integration through more effective coordination of traditional generation resources and energy storage systems (including analysis and control) that can optimize wind energy production while also increasing the predictability of wind farm output. This advanced research includes comprehensive simulations and experimental lab-grid implementation including renewable installations, traditional generation sources, energy storage technologies, power electronic converter control, and representative loads.
E-Business Education: A Comparison of Graduate Programs and Curricula

This study looks at both MBA and MS E-business programs. Specifically it looks at the number and types of courses offered in these programs and compares and contrasts what is offered between the MS and MBA programs, and also between the different groups of schools being studied. Results indicate that there is no real consensus in what knowledge is core to the concentration. The programs offered at any particular school seem to have only incidental agreement with other programs, and many seem to be the result of faculty skills available and requests for specific skills from organizations, rather than a logical integrated approach to the issues inherent in the global issues of E-business. There appears to be a major need to determine the core knowledge that is critical in the design, development, management, and operation of E-business in organizations to produce graduates with consistent knowledge that is school independent.
Wilson Dslash Kernel From Lattice QCD Optimization

This chapter illustrates some of the key concepts behind optimizing the so-called Wilson-Dslash kernel, which is a frequently used component in lattice QCD calculations. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong nuclear force responsible for binding quarks and gluons together into nuclei. It is one of the fundamental forces making up the Standard Model of particle interactions. Lattice QCD is a version of the theory suitable for numerical computation, which is used heavily in theoretical calculation for nuclear and high energy particle physics.
Medical and Invasive Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients on Anticoagulants

The management of coronary artery disease in patients on anticoagulants represents a difficult clinical scenario. As more intense therapy is given, patients are expected to have less ischemic/thrombotic events, but they will have increased bleeding risks. In this chapter we examine the evidence base of the risks and benefits of combining antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulant therapy in both the primary and secondary prevention settings. While most of these data concern warfarin as the primary anticoagulant, we will review any data on the novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) as well.
Time-optimal rest-to-rest slewing of multi-mode flexible spacecraft using ZVD robustness constraints

A procedure for obtaining robust time-optimal command profiles for multi-mode flexible spacecraft is presented. The command profiles are required to move a spacecraft from rest-to-rest with zero residual vibration. Furthermore, the commands are subject to a robustness constraint in an attempt to keep the residual vibration at a low level in the presence of modeling errors. The robustness constraint requires the derivative of the final state with respect to the system frequencies to be zero. The resulting command profiles are bang-bang and, therefore, they can be implemented on spacecraft equipped with on-off reaction jets. Characteristics of the commands as a function of system parameters are illustrated. A procedure for verifying the time optimality is presented. Finally, the technique is evaluated by quantitatively measuring the robustness to modeling errors. This evaluation demonstrates that the method has good robustness to errors in the low mode, but poor robustness to errors in the higher modes.
Price Reliance: Existence and Sources

It has been widely believed that price communicates quality to consumers. Examples of products for which pricing strategies reflect this belief include perfume [25], coffee [25], stockings [19], and whiskey [31]. Many studies [2, 14, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 34] have provided empirical support for the proposition that price communicates quality. These studies, however, were of limited scope and generally presented the subjects with an unrealistic experimental situation. This study had two purposes: to determine whether price would act as a communicator of quality in a shopping situation more realistic than the experimental situations previously used, and to attempt to shed light on the reasons con
Design of an Experiment to Optimize Plasma Energization by Beating Electrostatic Waves

The design and implementation of an experiment dedicated to testing the wave frequency and amplitude dependence of the heating of a magnetized plasma with beating electrostatic waves is discussed. This non-resonant heating process has the potential to be more ecient than current radio frequency plasma heating methods and thus is particularly promising for electrothermal plasma propulsion. Recent theoretical work on beating electrostatic wave heating is reviewed with an emphasis on the existence of an optimal frequency for maximum heating as well as a scaling relation for the magnitude of heating. While the possibility of optimizing the process thus is demonstrated theoretically, systematic experimental verication remains to be conducted. The implementation of a cylindrical, magnetized plasma generated with an inductive source is discussed as a testbed for the predicted theoretical trends. The diagnostics for observing the amplitude and frequency dependence are also presented as well as a derivation of the experimental parameters necessary for the tests to accurately investigate the theoretical predictions.
Unveiling Electron Promiscuity

Although the wave-like proclivity of electrons for delocalization is familiar to every student of chemistry, it seems that electrons may have less respect for atomic and molecular boundaries than one might have considered proper. The boundaries in question include those between H-bonded dimers and within hydrated clusters, as well as those of aqueous cavities, colloidal suspensions, and macroscopic air-water and oil-water interfaces. Unveiling the promiscuous behavior of electrons at such frontiers may both raise eyebrows and demand acknowledgment.
Sciatic Nerve Palsy Following Delivery

Mechanical trauma to the lumbosacral plexus may cause maternal sensory and motor changes from paresthesias in the distribution of the external popliteal or peroneal nerve to complete anesthesia, and from weakness to complete paralysis of the involved muscles.Treatment consists of various forms of physical therapy. In the presence of weakness, the involved muscles are splinted in the position of function. Leg braces are used for ambulatory patients. Surgical treatment is indicated in some instances.
Estimation of Limited Dependent Variable Models With Dummy Endogenous Regressors

Applied economists have long struggled with the question of how to accommodate binary endogenous regressors in models with binary and nonnegative outcomes. I argue here that much of the difculty with limited dependent variables comes from a focus on structural parameters, such as index coefcients, instead of causal effects. Once the object of estimation is taken to be the causal effect of treatment, several simple strategies are available. These include conventional two-stage least squares, multiplicative models for conditional means, linear approximation of nonlinear causal models, models for distribution effects, and quantile regression with an endogenous binary regressor. The estimation strategies discussed in the article are illustrated by using multiple births to estimate the effect of childbearing on employment status and hours of work.
Discussion on Oracle National Language Support

Oracle Database national language support decide store format of data.This paper discuss how to configuration database characterset,and give a update database nls parameters method.
Rheological Characteristics and Long-Term Strenth of Siltized Intercalation Interbeded in Peat Mudstone

Linear relation between the normal and shear stress in muddy intercalation and the existence of unified ultimate strain at accelerated creep were proved based on the direct shear rheological tests results of muddy intercalation interbeded in brown mudstone.A rheological model suitable to describe the rheological characteristics of weak layer was established based on deterioration theory.This model is capable of describing three creep phases,i.e.transient creep,stable creep and accelerated creep.At last,the long-term strength was obtained based on ultimate strain at the beginning of the accelerated creep,which thereby can provide reliable evidence for slope deformation analysis and long and medium term landslide forecast.
Latex allergy in health care workers. What are the risks

Individuals with a history of atopy are at increased risk of becoming latex allergic. Specific food allergies also cross react with latex. It is important to choose products low in allergen content and powder free to minimize exposure when use of latex products is essential. Using nonlatex products whenever possible is essential. Education of health care workers, clients, and their families about latex products, latex allergy, and substitutions for latex products needs to be current and ongoing. Development of clear guidelines related to working with health care workers with latex allergies encourages management to consider the seriousness of latex allergy and ways to avoid it.
Welfare Should Be the Currency of Justice

Some theories of justice hold that individuals placed in fortunate circumstances through no merit or choice of their own are morally obligated to aid individuals placed in unfortunate circumstances through no fault or choice of their own. In these theories what are usually regarded as obligations of benevolence are reinterpreted as strict obligations of justice. A closely related view is that the institutions of a society should be arranged in a way that gives priority to helping people placed in unfortunate circumstances through no fault or choice of their own. Any theory of this type needs a way of assessing individuals’ circumstances to determine who is fortunate and who is unfortunate. I shall argue that the standard for assessing people's circumstances to determine what they owe and are owed according to distributive justice should be the welfare or well-being level that they can attain, given their circumstances. This claim, that the ‘currency of justice’ should be welfare, has attracted criticisms that some have thought decisive. My counterclaim is that if we adopt an objective account of welfare and properly accommodate concerns about individual responsibility, the criticisms can be drained of their force.
Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Analysis of Gene Expression in Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The events that determine whether hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) divide in the course of self-renewal or differentiate and become committed progenitor cells are regulated by specific gene expression. Although little is known of the molecular controls for these diverse events, the activation of a single gene may determine which developmental event will occur in an individual HSC. New and more precise information on the controls for gene expression in HSC may provide relevant clues to the regulation of hematopoiesis. Yet investigations of gene expression in HSC have been difficult to perform, primarily because it has been difficult to purify the large numbers of HSC needed to obtain sufficient RNA for Northern analysis or RNase protection assays. These rare cells occur in a ratio of approx 1:10,000 to 1:100,000 bone-marrow cells. Their enrichment is accomplished by coupling several procedures that include the use of lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunomagnetic bead depletion of unfractionated bone marrow followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The HSC in lineage-negative cell populations from mouse bone marrow are then sorted for HSC using MAbs specific for surface markers such as Sca-1 or c-kit (Fig. 1). Human HSC are lineage negative, CD34-positive and CD38-negative. Fig. 1. This scheme shows the method we use for the purification of mouse and human HSC from elutriated bone marrow. The cells in the elutriated cell fractions (FR = flow rate in mL/min) are labeled with MAbs specific for each hematopoietic lineage. These cell populations are then depleted of lineage-positive cells using immunomagnetic beads. Finally, the lineage-negative cells from mouse bone marrow are incubated with anti c-kit MAb and the lineage-negative cells from human bone marrow are incubated with anti-CD34 and anti-CD38 MAb. With a starting population of 2-4 × 10e8 unfractionated mouse bone-marrow cells, a typical isolation procedure yields approx 2 × 10e4 FR25 lin(-) c-kit(HI) cells. This is the most highly enriched HSC population we have been able to obtain to date. As few as 50- 100 of these cells can completely repopulate the hematopoietic tissue of an adult W/W(v) mouse. However, 2 × 10e4 cells from this highly enriched HSC population do not provide sufficient mRNA for Northern blots or RNase protection assays, but do provide sufficient mRNA for the RT-PCR assay.
First Steps Toward a Dual-Process Accessibility Model of Political Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behavior

With the advent of the political behavior movement in political science in the 1950s, in particular with the publication of The American Voter in 1960, beliefs, feelings, and behavioral dispositions were brought to center stage in the prediction and explanation of political behavior. In line with an implicit assumption of human rationality, the social sciences commonly presumed that thoughts, feelings, and behavioral intentions coming to mind consciously determine the lion’s share of behavior. Congruent with this assumption of conscious considerations arbitrating the expression of beliefs and emotions, political scientists commonly ask people to voice their beliefs, report their likes and dislikes, recount feelings and past behaviors, and foretell their intended actions. Because of this reliance on introspection, much of what we know about public opinion and electoral behavior and how we model the expression of political attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral dispositions is based almost exclusively on what respondents say when asked for their present, past, or future beliefs, intentions, and behavior.
Complete Genome Sequences of Bordetella flabilis, Bordetella bronchialis, and "Bordetella pseudohinzii"

We report here the complete genome sequences of Bordetella flabilis and Bordetella bronchialis recovered from cultures of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), and "Bordetella pseudohinzii" recovered from a CF mouse model.
Ytterbium-doped 30/400 LMA fibers with a record-low ∼NA of 0.028

We report ytterbium-doped LMA fibers with ∼30μ and ∼40μ cores and a recordlow NA of 0.028, i.e. ΔN=2.7times;10−4 critical for overcoming transverse-mode-instability threshold in single-mode fiber lasers and made possible by an innovative fabrication process.