cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of PHEV charging facilities integrated with small scale wind turbine

The growing global awareness for a pollution free environment coupled with lower cost and higher availability of smaller generating units (PV and wind) has elevated the interest in distributed generation. On the other hand, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) present a promising and emerging technology of future transportation. But it should also be taken into account that the proliferation of PHEVs requires utilities to upgrade the distribution transformers to handle the additional load. Hence an intelligent integration of PHEVs and microgrids is needed to mitigate the issues of overloading on the distribution transformers. This paper proposes a charging station architecture with a small scale wind turbine as the primary source. Coordinated control strategy based on DC link voltage sensing is proposed to facilitate the operation of the charging facility in standalone and grid-connected mode.
Signaling and the Immunological Synapse

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with T cell activation and immunological synapses. It begins with a brief summary of T cell biology to put a discussion of immune synapses into a broader context because the study of immunological synapses addresses issues pertaining mainly to the field of cellular immunology. It explores questions such as the mechanism by which the T cell recognizes antigens with high sensitivity and specificity, and these signals are modulated to mediate such diverse processes as T cell development, T cell survival, and T cell effector functions. In this regard, it presents new approaches that incorporate principles of biochemistry, cell biology, immunology, and systems biology. Recent work using state of the art methods of digital imaging have revealed a process of membrane protein rearrangement known as immunological synapse formation. Immunological synapse formation is intimately associated with the T cell activation process. This chapter reviews recent progress in this field. The immunological synapse is a specific arrangement of proteins in the contact area. Many different patterns of the immunological synapse have been discovered, and it is suggested that these patterns are related to the biological outcome of T cell activation. It seems likely, given the rapid progress in this field, that much more would be known about immunological synapses in the very near future.
The Resolution of Four Lysine-rich Histones Derived from Calf Thymus

Abstract Histones rich in lysine were prepared by a procedure based on the direct extraction of calf thymus with aqueous trichloracetic acid. The protein obtained included what appeared to be degradation products, unless care was taken to isolate the histone rapidly (25 min) in the cold (0–3.5°) from thymus which had been frozen for transport to the laboratory. The protein preparations made according to this procedure appeared to be the same as other lysine-rich histone preparations described in the literature when examined by electrophoresis, chromatography, and amino acid analysis. These preparations seemed homogeneous in free boundary electrophoresis, and in zone electrophoresis in paper and starch gel. These preparations appeared homogeneous when examined by stepwise elution from carboxymethyl cellulose and when eluted from Amberlite IRC-50 by a gradient of barium acetate. Some resolution of these preparations was obtained by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. This technique was especially powerful in detecting degradation products in the preparations. The most effective resolution of lysinerich histones, however, was obtained by chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 with a gradient (7 to 14%) of guanidinium chloride in 0.1 m phosphate (pH 6.8). This method yielded three major fractions, one of which occasionally showed further partial resolution. Electrophoresis of the chromatographic fractions in polyacrylamide gel confirmed the presence of a total of four components in the lysine-rich histone prepared as noted above.
The Evolution of Quasars and Their Clustering

George Djorgovski’s message to me on behalf of the organizing committee suggested that I discuss 1) Evolution of the Quasar Luminosity Function; 2) Possible Differences among Radio-Loud, Radio-Quiet, and X-Ray Selected Samples; 3) Quasars as Probes of Clustering and Large-Scale Structure at High Redshift; 4) Searches for Extremely Distant Quasars; 5) Theoretical Implications; 6) Major Surveys in Progress and Planned; and 7) What Surveys Should We Do in the Future. To cover all these topics in a 25-minute talk and 7-page article is a challenge, but I am happy to try.
Sinus Bradycardia Localizes Where? (P1.129)

Objective and Background: While Horner’s syndrome is well known, other autonomic dysfunctions such as bradycardia or sinus arrest have been described as rare complications of acute brainstem lesions. Here we describe three patients with bradycardia and brainstem lesions in the medulla (Wallenberg syndrome) as well as the pons and superior cerebellar peduncle due to stroke and encephalitis. All three patients presented with new onset bradycardia in the setting of acute, MRI-confirmed brainstem lesions. Bradycardia, in one case complicated by sinus arrest, resolved along with improvement of other associated acute neurologic deficits localizing to the brainstem such as vertigo, weakness, and nystagmus. One patient with Wallenberg syndrome also reported urinary retention, which has been described as a rare autonomic complication in Wallenberg syndrome. Discussion: Different possible mechanisms of autonomic dysfunction are discussed based on the anatomy of the lesions. Such mechanisms include sympathetic withdrawal due to a lesion of the descending sympathetic tract causing parasympathetic disinhibition, imbalance within the parasympathetic system itself, or disruption of the feedback circuits involving the parabrachial nucleus in the pons. It is also discussed whether laterality plays a role in the autonomic nervous system and whether compensatory mechanisms might take over in the subacute phase. This topic is of clinical interest as initial presentation with severe bradycardia and hypotension can mask the underlying neurologic process and delay diagnosis and treatment. Study Supported by: NA Disclosure: Dr. Hamel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tollefson has nothing to disclose.
Aspects of programmable calculator stimulus control and data acquisition in a psychophysiology laboratory

Advantages and disadvantages of programmable calculator control of research laboratories are discussed. Comparisons are drawn with microcomputers such as the Imsai 8080. While microcomputers have greater flexibility in sampling multiple measures at multiple rates and combining timing tasks with data acquisition, calculators are easier to program for applications combining data acquisition with mathematical processing. Calculators also offer advantages to laboratories that do not have access to programming or maintenance services.
Implementing STS Curriculum: From University Courses to Elementary Classrooms

Elementary education students enrolled in both science methods and social studies methods coursework implemented standards-based STS lessons during their clinical experience. Data were collected from preservice teachers, elementary/middle school students, and cooperating in-service teachers. Findings from each school group include (a) preservice teachers' content knowledge in science and social studies hindered their development of meaningful STS curriculum, (b) the STS curriculum development and implementation experience increased preservice teachers' anxieties, (c) interviews with elementary students after the STS learning suggest that they did achieve some understanding of science and social studies, and (d) cooperating in-service teachers' conceptualization of curriculum differed from the science and social studies professors' understanding.
The inventory control problem and the optimal supply price: Micro theoretic

Abstract The inventory control system of a firm operating under Marshallian market conditions is developed as part of an optimal production planning problem. The control process is analyzed through the differences between the paths of supply and demand prices that lead to variations in the path of unplanned inventory accumulation. From the solution to the optimal production plan problem, the supply price is computed as a shadow price of output from the shadow prices of the inputs. The production planning problem is formulated with embodied and disembodied technological parameters. The firm 's inventory control system is then analyzed from the conditions of its internal cost, market power and changes in demand relative to capacity.
Militainment and mechatronics: Occultatio and the veil of science fiction cool in United States Air Force advertisements

In 2009, the United States Air Force aired a series of science fiction-themed recruitment commercials on network television and their official YouTube channel. In these advertisements, the superimposition of science fiction imagery over depictions of Air Force operations frames these missions as near-future sci-fi adventure, ironically summarized by the tagline: "It's not science fiction. It's what we do every day." Focusing on an early advertisement for the Air Force's Reaper unmanned aerial vehicle, this essay explores how themes essential to the science fiction genre play a role in influencing contemporary attitudes about autonomous and semi-autonomous robotic weapons, as well as the way in which the aesthetic and functional qualities of these advanced technologies are used to frame moral arguments about their use. As a reconfiguration of the near-future battleground in the guise of science fiction, the "Reaper" ad reveals the way in which science fiction has come to serve as a functional-aesthetic benchmark and cultural sounding board, against which "every day" technologies can be measured and claims about their value, ethos, and social appeal are made. This essay explores the ethical entanglements between science fiction film and video games, and military technology, and the complex role science fiction plays in influencing public attitudes towards military technologies.
Optimal inverter sizing considering cloud enhancement

Abstract A study of a photovoltaic (PV) array and inverter system installed in San Diego, California, was conducted in order to determine the energy losses due to inverter saturation (capping of inverter power output due to the PV array power output exceeding the inverter maximum power rating). Two mechanisms of saturation were considered: cloud enhancement (refers to an increased diffuse component of irradiance caused by clouds surrounding the unobstructed solar disk) and clear sky exceedance. For inverter sizing ratios (defined as R = inverter maximum AC output rating/PV DC rating) of R = 0.81 and R = 0.87 the annual energy losses as a percent of annual energy production were 2.65% and 2.20% using 1-s measurement resolution. Annual energy losses were calculated by aggregating the difference between modeled power (assuming no saturation occurred) and measured power. Losses due to cloud enhancement dominated the total losses, especially for R = 0.87. Increasing inverter size reduces saturation losses during high irradiance conditions, but decreases inverter conversion efficiency under low irradiance conditions. Increasing the sizing ratio to R = 1.22 would result in a maximum amount of energy production at our site. Averaging on timescales from 1-s to 1-h was performed to demonstrate that cloud enhancement losses can only be quantified using 10-s or finer measurements.
Nonlinear analysis of the hippocampal subfields of CA1 and the dentate gyrus

The authors discuss the use of nonlinear bispectral analysis in examining the hippocampal EEG collected at subfields of CA1 and the dentate gyrus during the vigilance state of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. The cross-bispectrum and its unique capabilities of detecting and quantifying quadratic nonlinear interactions occurring between these two hippocampal subfields are explained and demonstrated with simulation examples and EEG data. It was found that quadratic nonlinear interactions exist between CA1 and the dentate gyrus in the 6-8 frequency band which dominates the theta ( theta ) rhythm observed in the hippocampal EEG during REM sleep. As a result, energy components around the frequency band of the second-order harmonics of theta rhythm are not totally spontaneous, but generated largely due to quadratic nonlinear interactions. >
Adolescent Perceptions of Conjugal Power

This study examines the accuracy of adolescent perceptions of conjugal power and the association of occupation, education, and female employment with these perceptions using data from two existing surveys. The parent with whom the adolescent identified most closely was perceived as relatively more powerful. Although perception of conjugal power varied somewhat by age and sex of adolescent, the data suggest that conjugal power may also vary by certain structural dimensions in the family, including age and sex of children. Furthermore, these age and sex differences did not affect the association of power with other variables. These findings imply that adolescent perceptions of conjugal power may have relatively high validity. Substantively, the data showed a positive association between the father's occupational prestige and his power concerning important family problems, general disagreements, and disagreements about income. Comparative father-mother education and the mother's employment status tended to have a positive association with conjugal power in all areas examined except child discipline where the two data sets were somewhat contradictory. The antecedents and consequences of conjugal power structure have captured the attention of a number of social scientists in recent years. These studies have been handicapped by a number of conceptual and methodological problems, including perceptual bias of respondent (Ferber, 1955; Heer, 1962, 1963; SafiliosRothschild, 1969, 1970; Turk and Bell, 1972). Observation of family interaction in artificial or natural settings is one possible solution to the problem of perceptual bias of husbands and wives, but such observations may be unrepresentative or artificial. Another possibility is to get reports of conjugal power from family members other than the husband and wife. Children, particularly adolescents, might be able to report marital power more objectively than husband or wife. Nor are they limited to a small number of unrepresentative or artificial observations, as an extra-familial observer may be. The adolescent's intimate view of his family may prove to be an acceptable supplement or alternative to other measures of conjugal power. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of adolescent perceptions of conjugal power. Although several studies of conjugal power have used children's perceptions, little attention has been given to the validity of these perceptions. This study also provides data on the association of adolescent perceptions of conjugal power with the father's occupational status, comparative father-mother education, and the mother's employment status. Validity will be assessed primarily by the method usually termed construct validity. In this procedure, validity is based on empirical support for theoretical predictions, in this case predicitions about relationships between conjugal power and other variables. An examination of the convergence of results of different measures will also provide estimates of convergent validity (Campbell and Fiske, 1959).
Inverse relationship between the OEO Q-factor and vibration sensitivity

External vibrations induce phase noise in low noise oscillators such as the OEO (opto-electronic oscillator). The g-sensitivity quantifies the efficiency of this process. In fiber-based OEOs, vibrations of the fiber spool dominate the generation of phase noise. In this case, we observe decreasing g-sensitivity with increasing Q-factor (i.e., fiber length). This result indicates the interplay of two effects. First, only a portion of the optical fiber is affected by vibrations of the spool, even though the entire spool is subjected to vibrations. For the spools that we studied, the effective length is less than 500 m. Second, as the Q-factor increases, an OEO “filtering” effect reduces the phase noise that is induced by a constant magnitude perturbation. These results can be used to optimize the g-sensitivity of fiber-based OEOs by either reducing it for low phase noise RF generation or increasing it for sensing applications.
Chaucer on Love, Knowledge and Sight

An eye for truth and beauty - a metaphysical preface to Middle English literature of love and knowledge a two-fold symbol of knowledge - sight in natural philosophy the hostility of love and knowledge - sight in medieval love poetry the hospitality of love and knowledge 1 - the shared language and shared ideas of erotic love and spiritual love the hospitality of love and knowledge 2 - erotic love and natural philosophy revisted the interference of self-reflexiveness - the poet and the "parasitisme" of love and knowledge.
The staircase phenomenon in the myometrium of the rat.

Three types of staircase phenomena were observed in vitro in the pregnant and post partum rat myometrium by varying the frequency of electrical stimulation. A positive staircase (positive correlation between frequency of stimulation and amount of tension developed) was occasionally observed on day 1 of pregnancy. This response rapidly changed to a transient and then to a negative staircase within a few hours. The negative staircase was observed throughout the remainder of pregnancy and for the first few hours following parturition. At approximately 8–12 hours post partumi.e the predominant type of staircase was of the transient type which changed to the positive type at about 24 hours post partum. A few positive staircase responses were recorded on day 19 of pregnancy, i.e. as early as three days prior to parturition. Uteri of ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen, or estrogen and progesterone, showed only the negative type of staircase.
Confocal fluorescence microscopy study of interaction between lens MIP26/AQP0 and crystallins in living cells.

MIP26/AQP0 is the major lens fiber membrane protein and has been reported to interact with many other lens components including crystallins, lipid, and cytoskeletal proteins. Regarding crystallins, many previous reports indicate that MIP26/AQP0 interacts with either only α-crystallin or some specific γ-crystallins. Considering the possibly important role of MIP26/AQP0 in the reduction of light scattering in the lenses, we have further investigated its interaction with crystallins using confocal fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy. Specifically, we used MIP26 tagged with a green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a donor and a crystallin (αA-, αB-, βB2-, or γC-crystallin) tagged with a red fluorescence protein (RFP) as an acceptor. The two plasmids were cotransfected to HeLa cells. After culture, laser scattering microscopy images were taken in each of the three channels: GFP, RFP, and FRET. The net FRET images were then obtained by removing the contribution of spectral bleed-through. The pixels of net FRET were normalized with those of GFP. The results show the presence of measurable interactions between MIP26 and all crystallins, with the extent of interactions decreasing from αA- and αB-crystallin to βB2- and γC-crystallin. Competitive interaction study using untagged αA-crystallin shows decreased net FRET, indicating specificity of the interactions between MIP26 and αA-crystallin. We conclude that all crystallins interact with MIP26, the physiological significance of which may be a reduction in the difference of refractive index between membrane and cytoplasm. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 51–58, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of factors determining the accuracy of linearized subsonic panel methods

A systematic evaluation of the factors determining the accuracy of linearized subsonic panel methods is presented. In particular, the constant and quadratically varying doublet panel methods are compared for thin and thick surface modelings in two and three dimensions. The sensitivity of results to panel edge and control point locations is studied for both of the methods. The first order convergence of the quadratic doublet method near network edges and the subsequent effect on the Kutta condition is investigated. Results from a quadratic doublet method specifically designed for a vector processing computer are shown.
Performance of Fiber-Optic Raman Probes for Analysis of Gas Mixtures in Enclosures

The feasibility of using fiber-optic Raman probes to identify and quantify gases in enclosures is investigated by measuring and comparing detection thresholds using several probe and enclosure designs. Unfiltered, non-imaging, fiber-optic probes are shown to achieve lower detection thresholds than a filtered, imaging, fiber-optic probe, provided that light scattering within the sample enclosure is minimized and provided that a window is not used between the probe and the analyte gas. Achievable thresholds for hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane in gas mixtures are demonstrated to be below 1 kPa with ten seconds signal acquisition and 0.1 kPa with twenty minutes signal acquisition with the use of 0.4 W of 532-nm excitation. Ambient carbon dioxide in air (.03 kPa) is shown to be detectable in a twenty minute acquisition, and ambient water vapor is well above the detection threshold. Background signals generated within the optical fibers remain the principal factors limiting detection thresholds. Factors affecting the magnitudes of these signals reaching the detector are investigated and discussed. A flat piece of light-absorbing colored glass tilted to direct reflected light away from the fiber-optic probe performs well as a beam stop to reduce background signal in a simple, cylindrical sample enclosure.
The determination of63Ni and99T c in class C waste by ion chromatography and scintillation detection

A procedure using high performance ion chromatography coupled with on-line scintillation counting and described for the determination of nickel-63 and technecium-99 radioisotopes in irradiated stainless steel. Commercially available chromatograph equipment, columns and online scintillation detectors were used. The method provides detection limits for63Ni and99Tc within the range needed the determination of these radioisotopes in class “C” waste streams at our facility. The method had a precision of 2% and 7% RSD for63Ni and respecespectively.
On the generation and evolution of internal gravity waves

The tidal generation and evolution of internal gravity waves is investigated experimentally and theoretically using a two-dimensional two-layer model. Time-dependent flow is created by moving a profile of maximum submerged depth 7.7 cm through a total stroke of 29 cm in water above a freon-kerosene mixture in an 8.6-m-long 30-cm-deep 20-cm-wide transparent channel, and the deformation of the fluid interface is recorded photographically. A theoretical model of the interface as a set of discrete vortices is constructed numerically; the rigid structures are represented by a source distribution; governing equations in Lagrangian form are obtained; and two integrodifferential equations relating baroclinic vorticity generation and source-density generation are derived. The experimental and computed results are shown in photographs and graphs, respectively, and found to be in good agreement at small Froude numbers. The reasons for small discrepancies in the position of the maximum interface displacement at large Froude numbers are examined.
FvVE1 regulates biosynthesis of the mycotoxins fumonisins and fusarins in Fusarium verticillioides

The veA gene positively regulates sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus . Whether veA homologues have a role in regulating secondary metabolism in other fungal genera is unknown. In this study, we examined the role of the veA homologue, FvVE1, on the production of two mycotoxin families, fumonisins and fusarins, in the important corn pathogen Fusarium verticillioides . We found that FvVE1 deletion completely suppressed fumonisin production on two natural substrates, corn and rice. Furthermore, our results revealed that FvVE1 is necessary for the expression of the pathway-specific regulatory gene FUM21 and structural genes in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (FUM) cluster. FvVE1 deletion also blocked production of fusarins. The effects of FvVE1 deletion on the production of these toxins were found to be the same in two separate mating types. Our results strongly suggest that FvVE1 plays an important role in regulating mycotoxin production in F. verticillioides .
The Synthesis of Transition Metal Sulfides and Sulfo-Salt Crystals in Hydrothermal Brines

A new procedure for the synthesis of transition metal sulfosalts in hydrothermal brines is presented. Large, well formed crystals of metal antimony sulfides can be prepared under appropriate conditions in supercritical brines. A new compound prepared by this method, MnSb 2 S 4 , is structurally characterized.
Silicate systems bearing on the crystallization courses in alkali basalts

Phase-equilibrium studies of the nepheline normative portion of the basalt tetrahedron nepheline-forsterite-silica-diopside ofYoder andTilley have shown that during the course of crystallization the composition of the liquid phase leaves this tetrahedron. When the tetrahedron is expanded to nepheline-forsterite-silica-Ca2SiO4 the courses of crystallization and composition of the liquid can be and have been followed by studying a series of joins within this expanded tetrahedron. These studies show that the ultimate goal of crystallization is the quaternary invariant point diopsidic pyroxene + nepheline solid solution + sodic plagioclase + wollastonite solid solution + liquid at 950 ± 5°"C. Attention is called to this low melting point in a dry system. With perfect equilibrium between the solid phases and liquid all melilite disappears by reaction with liquid below 1065 ± 5°C, the temperature of the quaternary reaction point with diopsidic pyroxene + melilite + nepheline solid solution + wollastonite solid solution + liquid.
Comparative Economic Returns from Artificial Insemination and Natural Service in Straightbred and Crossbred Holstein Herds in Venezuela

Abstract Net present values of milk income over feed and breeding costs of AI products (imported semen from 47 US Holstein sires, four imported US bulls for local semen processing, and seven crossbred sires) and natural service bulls (offering either zero or positive genetic gain in milk) under Venezuelan economic and herd management conditions in 1987 to 1988 were determined. Data were from surveys of 157 farms to obtain herd characteristics, input use and costs, and milk prices. A Holstein herd in the highlands and a crossbred Holstein herd in the lowlands were the farm cases. For the Holstein herd, using any of the AI or natural service products resulted in positive economic returns only in herd situations of high daughter milk response to sire selection. For the crossbred farm to maintain the proportion of Holstein genes at 50%, the most profitable alternative was to use natural service bulls offering genetic gain in milk. The most economical choice to upgrade the crossbred farm to 75% Holstein was to invest in locally processed semen from imported bulls. The most profitable use of US Holstein germplasm was to import bulls for local semen processing and to use this germplasm judiciously on selected local dams to produce bulls for use in natural service mating systems.
Cognitive Differences between Bilingual and Monolingual Children on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

This study examined the effects of bilingualism and monolingualism on the cognitive functioning of 36 Mexican-American children who were screened for linguistic proficiency and global intelligence....
A generative restricted Boltzmann machine based method for high-dimensional motion data modeling

Extended RBM to model spatio-temporal patterns among high-dimensional motion data.Generative approach to perform classification using RBM, for both binary and multi-class classification.High classification accuracy in two computer vision applications: facial expression recognition and human action recognition. Many computer vision applications involve modeling complex spatio-temporal patterns in high-dimensional motion data. Recently, restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) have been widely used to capture and represent spatial patterns in a single image or temporal patterns in several time slices. To model global dynamics and local spatial interactions, we propose to theoretically extend the conventional RBMs by introducing another term in the energy function to explicitly model the local spatial interactions in the input data. A learning method is then proposed to perform efficient learning for the proposed model. We further introduce a new method for multi-class classification that can effectively estimate the infeasible partition functions of different RBMs such that RBM is treated as a generative model for classification purpose. The improved RBM model is evaluated on two computer vision applications: facial expression recognition and human action recognition. Experimental results on benchmark databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Requirements for contraband nuclear materials detection

Nuclear materials, especially weapons-grade, can have tremendously adverse consequences in the hands of terrorists. There needs to be a defense in depth to detect and interdict these materials, which should involve some tens of thousands of detectors world-wide. Passive detectors for this purpose have grave sensitivity problems, but these problems are often made worse by avoidable problems of the user interface. Manufacturers need to clearly understand the types of use that their equipment will be put to, the environment in which it will be located, and most especially the personnel who will be using it on a daily basis. International and national field trials have pointed out some problems with user interfaces, and these could best be resolved by manufacturers doing their own testing in simulated environments mimicing that of a customs post or other detector location.
One-way coupled OpenGGCM/RCM simulation of the 23 March 2007 substorm event

[1] We present results of a simulation of a substorm on 23 March 2007 using the one-way coupled Open Geospace General Circulation Model–Rice Convection Model (OpenGGCM/RCM). In the standalone RCM, inputs are typically taken from empirical models or inferred from satellite data; however, in this simulation, the OpenGGCM magnetic field and plasma information are used to supply inputs and boundary conditions for the RCM. The OpenGGCM ionospheric potential is used to drive a RCM run. That simulation is used to investigate the short time scale dynamics that occurred around substorm onset and assumes the OpenGGCM has a realistic representation of the inner magnetospheric magnetic field during this event. In these runs, a channel of low total entropy plasma opened up on the RCM tailward boundary around substorm onset, and plasma bubbles were injected into the inner magnetosphere. These bubbles were produced by nonadiabatic processes in the OpenGGCM such as magnetic reconnection. We compare the RCM energetic particle flux with measurements from two Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) satellites. A dispersionless electron injection is reproduced at the LANL-89 location and a dispersed flux increase at the LANL-97A location. The results indicate the low-PV5/3 plasma accompanying magnetic field dipolarization produced earthward plasma motion as the result of these low-entropy flux tubes interchanging their way into the inner magnetosphere; this process may play an important role in substorm particle injection. A comparison simulation in which the electric field is solved by the RCM is also presented, suggesting the need to use RCM's electric field for more accurate inner magnetosphere modeling.
A Case for a Typology of Design: The Interior archetype Project

The “Interior Archetypes Research and Teaching Project”, initiated in 1997 at Cornell University, creates a typology of contemporary interior design practices that is derived from reiterative historical designs that span time and style and cross cultural boundaries. An argument for the significance of a typology of historic and contemporary interior design practices is based on ten years of experiments resulting from the project. Approximately one hundred archetypes have been developed by the principal investigator, graduate students, and associated educators. The article establishes the premises for this research model and defines the methodological, theoretical, and pedagogical implications of the study for both undergraduate and graduate learning experiences. The Interior Archetypes Project names contemporary design practices that have not been named, thereby providing designers with an interior-specific, history-specific, and contemporary design-specific vocabulary. The project also offers an innovative approach to further design criticism and design sustainability. The Interior Archetypes Project will disseminate a new knowledge base for the creative dimension of design—that is, the productions of its practitioners. The key method of delivery for the Interior Archetypes Project is its web site.
New methodology to determine the rate-limiting adsorption kinetics mechanism from experimental dynamic surface tension data.

Abstract We present a new methodology to determine the rate-limiting adsorption kinetics mechanism (diffusion-controlled vs mixed diffusion-barrier controlled), including deducing the kinetics parameters (the diffusion coefficient, D, and the energy-barrier parameter, β), from the experimental short-time dynamic surface tension (DST) data. The new methodology has the following advantages over the existing procedure used to analyze the experimental DST data: (a) it does not require using a model for the equilibrium adsorption isotherm, and (b) it only requires using the experimental short-time DST data measured at two initial surfactant bulk solution concentrations. We apply the new methodology to analyze the experimental short-time DST data of the following alkyl poly(ethylene oxide), CiEj, nonionic surfactants: C12E4, C12E6, C12E8, and C10E8 measured using the pendant-bubble apparatus. We find that for C12E4 and C12E6, the effect of the energy barrier on the overall rate of surfactant adsorption can be neglected for surfactant bulk solution concentrations below their respective critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), and therefore, that the rate-limiting adsorption kinetics mechanism for C12E4 and C12E6 is diffusion-controlled at any of their premicellar surfactant bulk solution concentrations. On the other hand, for C12E8 and C10E8, we find that their respective CMC values are large enough to observe a significant effect of the energy barrier on the overall rate of surfactant adsorption. In other words, for C12E8 and C10E8, the rate-limiting adsorption kinetics mechanism shifts from diffusion-controlled to mixed diffusion-barrier controlled as their premicellar surfactant bulk solution concentrations increase. We test the new methodology by predicting the short-time DST profiles at other initial surfactant bulk solution concentrations, and then comparing the predicted DST profiles with those measured experimentally. Very good agreement is obtained for the four CiEj nonionic surfactants considered. We also compare the results of implementing the new methodology with those of implementing the existing procedure, and conclude that using a model for the equilibrium adsorption isotherm can lead not only to different values of D and β, but it can also lead to a completely different determination of the rate-limiting adsorption kinetics mechanism. Since the new methodology proposed here does not require using a model for the equilibrium adsorption isotherm, we conclude that it should provide a more reliable determination of the rate-limiting adsorption kinetics mechanism, including the deduced kinetics parameters, D and β.
From multi-ring to spider web and radial spoke: competition between the receding contact line and particle deposition in a drying colloidal drop

Deposition morphologies of inkjet-printed colloidal drops are examined under various drying conditions, particle volume fractions, and particle sizes. Concentric multi-rings, radial spokes, spider web, foam, and island-like depositions are observed as a result of the competition between the receding contact line and particle deposition during drop drying. Experimentally measured multi-ring spacing, δR, shows good agreement with the model predicted linear correlation with the local ring radius R. The results also show that the instability near the contact line leads to the radial spoke and saw-toothed structures. The resulting wavelength of the radial structures, λ, satisfies and , where RH is the relative humidity. A dimensionless parameter ξ, defined as the radial deposition growth rate to contact line velocity ratio, has been identified to determine the conditions under which the entire contact line can be pinned to leave a continuous ring deposit. Increasing the particle size while keeping the volume fraction the same is found to suppress the formation of the multi-ring deposition, due to a smaller number of particles available to pin the receding contact line.
The rich and exacting role of the social worker in family foster care

This article is about the role of the professional social worker in a child placing agency. It emphasizes the worker's central role in coordinating or managing the various facets of family foster care.
Effect of assortative mating on genetic change due to selection.

Two mathematical models (A and B) were used to study joint effects of selection and assortative mating on genetic change. Computer simulation was used to verify and extend the results. In each model, the genotype was additive with equal effects at each of N loci and the environmental distribution was N(0, σ2). In Model A, each locus had two alleles; in Model B, allelic effects at each locus followed a normal distribution. Using Model A, genetic change with assortative or random mating of selected parents was evaluated for combinations of number of loci (N = 1, 2, 3), heritability in base population (H[0] = 0.2, 0.5, 0.8), allelic frequency in base population (p = 0.1, 0.5), and proportion selected (α = 0.20, 0.85). Using Model B, genetic change with or without assortative mating was calculated for combinations of N (1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 100, H[0] (0.2, 0.5, 0.8) and α (0.20, 0.85). Response to selection under both mating systems in a finite population was estimated using Model A from 200 replications of a computer simulation; this was done for all combinations of N (1,2, 3, 5, 10) and α(0.20, 0.85), with H[0] = 0.5 and p = 0.1. Results obtained with both models indicate that the effect of assortative mating on genetic change increases with H[0] and α, and decreases with p. With Model A, the relationship between N and the effect of assortative mating on genetic change was not clear; with Model B, however, the advantage of assortative over random mating increased with N, as expected. Simulation results were in agreement with theory of Model A. This study indicates that selection with assortative mating can have a sizable (10 to 20%) long-term advantage over selection with random mating of parents when H[0] is high, p is low and α is large.
Effect of shield gas composition on surface tension of steel droplets in a gas-metal-arc welding arc

A technique for in-situ measurement of the surface tension of molten steel droplets in a gas-metal-arc welding plasma is described. Surface tension measurements obtained using this method are reported for ER 70S-6 wire, with varying shielding gas compositions, and compared with previously reported results. The in-situ technique is found to produce results consisten with values found in the literature, while incorporating the effects of alloy composition and arc atmosphere.
Contrast Enhancement of the Gastrointestinal Tract on MR Images Using Intravenous Gadolinium-DTPA

Gadopentetate dimeglumine was administered intravenously to 16 patients undergoing abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T1-weighted and fat-suppressed T1-weighted images were acquired before and after intravenous administration of 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine. The stomach, small bowel, and colon were analyzed regarding the presence and relative intensity of contrast enhancement. Diffuse enhancement of the gastrointestinal tract wall was observed in all patients following contrast material administration. Such enhancement was most conspicuous on fat-suppressed T1-weighted images. Quantitative measurements indicated that the wall of the gastrointestinal tract enhanced approximately 100% with gadopentetate dimeglumine. This study demonstrates that enhancement of the normal gastrointestinal tract occurs routinely when intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine is administered, and such enhancement should not be considered indicative of gastrointestinal pathology. Furthermore, it suggests the potential utility for using intravenous rather than orally administered contrast agents to provide enhancement of the gastrointestinal tract on MR images.
N.mPc: A Study in University-Industry Technology Transfer

A good idea?in this case, new, practical techniques for the design of multiple-microprocessor and VLSI systems?and industry/academia cooperation can lead to unexpected commercial success.
Parallel machine scheduling with time dependent processing times

Abstract We consider a parallel machine scheduling problem in which the processing time of a job is a simple linear function of its starting time. The objective is to minimize total completion times. We show that the problem is NP-hard in the strong sense even with a fixed number of machines. When the number of machines is arbitrary, we show that there is no polynomial time heuristic with a constant worst-case bound unless P = NP. Under the two-machine case, we derive a data dependent worst-case bound for a simple polynomial time heuristic whose performance can be arbitrarily bad. However, for the case of a fixed number of machines, the question whether there exists a polynomial time heuristic with a constant worst-case bound remains open.
Continuum Contributions to Vector-Meson Decays. II. Broken U 3 Symmetry

We have constructed a model for estimating the continuum contributions to the propagators of the vector mesons $\ensuremath{\rho}$, $\ensuremath{\omega}$, and $\ensuremath{\varphi}$. With this model, we compute vector-meson decay rates predicted by a model of octet-broken ${U}_{3}$ symmetry based on spectral-function sum rules for the propagators. The model is consistent with experiment, but present experimental accuracy is not sufficient to distinguish clearly between the pole-dominance form of the model and the model with continuum included.
A modified objective mapping technique for scatterometer wind data

A method for generating high-resolution wind maps from scatterometer data was developed and tested on synthetic data for the northeast Pacific Ocean. It is shown that, unlike the wind fields generated by current GCMs, the wind maps constructed by this method retain the high spatial resolution of the scatterometer wherever adequate measurements exist. For the NASA scatterometer, this method would produce every 12 hours a wind map with spatial resolution that preserves the small-scale features of the original data over about half the mapped region. Over the rest of the region, maps with somewhat lower resolution and accuracy will be obtained.
Near-infrared spectroscopy and the swallowing event

In this work, we applied near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to observe brain hemodynamics in the frontal lobes during the swallowing event.
Body Cathexis Assessments of Rural Scottish and American Women

Body cathexis was investigated cross-culturally by comparing 30 rural midwestern American and 30 rural Scottish women on a modified body-cathexis measure. Two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance and comparisons of means by least significant differences indicated that differences were significant for only three of the 28 items. However, differences in the range of scores reported by the two groups suggested that the American women differentiated among body parts much more than did the Scottish women. Additional methodological approaches are recommended for a more complete understanding of body cathexis as a cultural construct that is part of an interacting cultural system.
Impoverished diabetic patients whose doctors facilitate their participation in medical decision making are more satisfied with their care.

OBJECTIVE: Greater participation in medical decision making is generally advocated for patients, and often advocated for those with diabetes. Although some studies suggest that diabetic patients prefer to participate less in decision making than do healthy patients, the empirical relationship between such participation and diabetic patients’ satisfaction with their care is currently unknown. We sought to characterize the relationship between aspects of diabetic patients’ participation in medical decision making and their satisfaction with care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: A general medical county hospital-affiliated clinic. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ninety-eight patients with type 2 diabetes. MAIN MEASURES: Interviews conducted prior to the doctor visit assessed patients’ desire to participate in medical decision making, baseline satisfaction (using a standardized measure), and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Postvisit interviews of those patients assessed their visit satisfaction and perception of their doctor’s facilitation of patient involvement in care. A discrepancy score was computed for each subject to reflect the difference between the previsit stated desire regarding participation and the postvisit report of their experience of participation. RESULTS: Overall, patients reported low postvisit satisfaction relative to national standards (mean of 70 on a 98-point scale). Patients perceived a high level of facilitation of participation (mean 88 on a 100-point scale). Facilitation of participation and the discrepancy score both independently predicted greater visit satisfaction. In particular, a 13-point (1 SD) increase in the perceived facilitation score resulted in a 12-point (0.87 SD) increase in patient satisfaction, and a 1.22 point increase (1 SD) in the discrepancy score (the extent to which the patient was allowed more participation than, at previsit, he or she desired) resulted in a 6-point (0.5 SD) increase in the satisfaction score, even after controlling for initial desire to participate. For women, but not for men, physician facilitation of participation was a positive predictor of satisfaction; for men, but not women, desire to participate was a significant positive predictor of visit satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Clinicians may feel reassured that encouraging even initially reluctant patients with diabetes to participate in medical decision making may be associated with increased patient satisfaction. Greater patient participation has the potential to improve diabetic self-care because of the likely positive effect of patient satisfaction on adherence to treatment. Further research to assess the prospective effects of enhancing physician facilitation of patient participation is likely to yield important information for the effective treatment of chronically ill patients.