cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of glucocorticoids on thymocytes in vitro

Abstract 1. Exposure of thymocytes to cortisol in vivo or in vitro resulted in the following metabolic alterations in these cells, incubated in vitro. (a) Inhibition of RNA, DNA and protein synthesis. (b) Decreased transport of nucleic acid and protein precursors into the cells. These two effects were apparently dissociable. 2. The inhibitory effects of cortisol were manifest only in the presence of an energy source in the medium and required intact cellular protein and nucleic acid synthetic capacities. 3. Good correlation was obtained between the relative in vitro potencies of various steroids in inhibiting uridine incorporation by thymocytes into an acid-insoluble form and their known thymolytic potency in vivo. 4. Progesterone, while not influencing precursor incorporation by thymocytes in vitro, appeared to inhibit competitively the action of cortisol.
Reef corals of Johnston Atoll: one of the world's most isolated reefs

Johnston Atoll lies 800 km southwest of the nearest reefs of Hawaii and over 1,500 km from other shallow reefs to the south and west. Only 33 species and 16 genera and subgenera of shallow water stony corals have been reported from the atoll. Endemic species are absent despite Johnston's great age and favorable environment. With few exceptions, only species with broad geographic distribution are represented. Factors contributing to the low number of species are remoteness, the atoll's small size, lack of favorable currents to transport larvae from the southwest Pacific, lack of reef “stepping stones” in the region since the Cretaceous, possible defaunation during eustatic sea-level rise and fall, and possible drowning from tectonic subsidence or tilting. The species list shows strongest affinity with that of Hawaii, but some unexpected discontinuities occur. Despite low species diversity, coral coverage is extremely high in most environments.
Multiple myeloma: A prototypic disease model for the characterization and therapeutic targeting of interactions between tumor cells and their local microenvironment

The interaction between tumor cells and the local milieu where are homing has recently become the focus of extensive research in a broad range of malignancies. Among them, multiple myeloma (MM) is now recognized as a prototypical tumor model for the characterization of these interactions. This is due not only to the propensity of MM cells to target the skeleton and form lytic bone lesions, but because interactions of MM cells with normal cells of the bone milieu can attenuate the anti-tumor activity of conventional therapies, such as glucocorticoids and standard cytotoxic agents, including alkylators. Herein, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of interactions between MM cells and their milieu. Particular emphasis is placed on the interface between MM cells and normal cell compartments of the BM, especially bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and on the development of a series of new classes of therapeutic agents, including the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, thalidomide and lenalidomide, which counteract specific aspects of those MM-BM interactions. The significant clinical activity of these novel therapies has not only led to a new era in the therapeutic management of this disease, but also underscored the importance of comprehensively characterizing the role of the local microenvironment in the pathophysiology of human neoplasias.
Larval Development of Pagurus Acadianus Benedict, 1901, Reared in the Laboratory (Decapoda, Anomura)

Tous les stades larvaires de Pagurus acadianus Benedict ont ete eleves au laboratoire, a partir des oeufs. Les quatre stades zoe et la megalope unique sont decrits en detail. Ces larves sont comparees a celles d'autres especes.
The optimal transarticular c1-2 screw length and the location of the hypoglossal nerve.

Abstract BACKGROUND Injury to the hypoglossal nerve is a complication associated with transarticular C1-2 screw placement. This complication can be caused by a misdirected or too long screw. Little is known about the optimal screw length and its relationship to the hypoglossal nerve. METHODS Twenty cervical spine specimens were used to study the optimal length of the transarticular C1-2 screw. Using the Magerl technique, a 3.0 mm drill bit was inserted into the C2 lateral mass, passing through the C1-2 facet joint and penetrating the upper portion of the ventral cortex of the lateral mass of the atlas. After drilling, the hole length was measured between the dorsal cortex of the C2 inferior articular process and the ventral cortex of the C1 lateral mass. In addition, six sagittal-sectioned cadavers were carefully dissected to observe the location of the hypoglossal nerve in the anterior aspect of the atlantoaxial region. RESULTS The results of the measurements showed that the mean optimal screw path length for all specimens was 38.1 ± 2.2 mm with a range of 34–43 mm. There was no significant difference between sexes in the screw path length (p > 0.05). The hypoglossal nerve lies vertically in front of the lateral portion of the C1 lateral mass and the C1-2 facet joint. The area where the hypoglossal nerve lies is approximately 2–3 mm lateral to the middle of the anterior aspect of the C1 lateral mass. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the mean optimal transarticular C1-2 screw length may be 38 mm; however, the determination of the accurate optimal C1-2 screw length should be made on an individual basis. Risk to the hypoglossal nerve can be eliminated if Magerl’s technique is performed exactly.
Differential Transmission of Adenovirus in a Twin Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Intrauterine adenovirus infection has been associated with nonimmune hydrops. We describe a twin pregnancy in which adenovirus was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in the amniotic fluid of one twin afflicted by hydrops. Adenovirus was absent in the amniotic fluid of the other twin. Case: A 25-year-old, gravida 3, para 1, with twin gestation at 20 weeks’ gestation was noted on ultrasound anomaly screen to have hydrops associated with twin B. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of amniotic fluid revealed adenovirus in twin B with none noted in twin A. At 26 weeks’ gestation both infants died. Conclusion: This case demonstrates differential transmission of adenovirus in a twin pregnancy. One twin developed hydrops fetalis possibly secondary to adenovirus infection.
Origin and emplacement of the andesite of Burroughs Mountain, a zoned, large-volume lava flow at Mount Rainier, Washington, USA

Abstract Burroughs Mountain, situated at the northeast foot of Mount Rainier, WA, exposes a large-volume (3.4 km3) andesitic lava flow, up to 350 m thick and extending 11 km in length. Two sampling traverses from flow base to eroded top, over vertical sections of 245 and 300 m, show that the flow consists of a felsic lower unit (100 m thick) overlain sharply by a more mafic upper unit. The mafic upper unit is chemically zoned, becoming slightly more evolved upward; the lower unit is heterogeneous and unzoned. The lower unit is also more phenocryst-rich and locally contains inclusions of quenched basaltic andesite magma that are absent from the upper unit. Widespread, vuggy, gabbronorite-to-diorite inclusions may be fragments of shallow cumulates, exhumed from the Mount Rainier magmatic system. Chemically heterogeneous block-and-ash-flow deposits that conformably underlie the lava flow were the earliest products of the eruptive episode. The felsic–mafic–felsic progression in lava composition resulted from partial evacuation of a vertically-zoned magma reservoir, in which either (1) average depth of withdrawal increased, then decreased, during eruption, perhaps due to variations in effusion rate, or (2) magmatic recharge stimulated ascent of a plume that brought less evolved magma to shallow levels at an intermediate stage of the eruption. Pre-eruptive zonation resulted from combined crystallization–differentiation and intrusion(s) of less evolved magma into the partly crystallized resident magma body. The zoned lava flow at Burroughs Mountain shows that, at times, Mount Rainier’s magmatic system has developed relatively large, shallow reservoirs that, despite complex recharge events, were capable of developing a felsic-upward compositional zonation similar to that inferred from large ash-flow sheets and other zoned lava flows.
Vehicle of the Self: The social and cultural work of the H2 Hummer

In this article I draw on material from in-depth interviews with car owners and dealers to investigate the meanings and uses of a new luxury SUV, the Hummer H2, for affluent California hyper-consumers. The study identifies several distinct orientations towards the H2, considered both as a status symbol and a branded commodity. The mediating roles played by the vehicle in the personal and impersonal relationships of Hummer owners, enthusiasts and observers are examined. Competing theories of social differentiation and conformity pressures are analyzed in light of the data regarding the responses of owners and non-owners towards the vehicle.
Iowa's American-type cheese plant starter culture costs

Abstract A survey of 10 dairy plants in Iowa manufacturing American-type cheese revealed that costs for starter culture programs ranged from $24.58 to $475.27/d. Labor costs for the starter portion of cheese making ranged from $2.50 to $85.60/d. Material costs ranged from $21.63 to $396.14/d. Equipment costs ranged from 0, where equipment had been depreciated, to $54.79/d. Material cost was the largest percentage of the total cost, ranging from 64.5 to 98.5%. Media costs, as a percent of the material costs, varied from 0 for the direct vat set system to 87% for bulk set. Starter costs per 45.36 kg of milk made into cheese ranged from 13.66¢ for direct vat set systems to 3.47 to 6.09¢ for external pH control systems used by the 4 largest milk plants. Starter costs for all plants, regardless of the system, were a small portion of the total cost of changing milk into cheese.
The role of NOI-domain containing proteins in plant immune signaling

Here we present an overview of our existing knowledge on the function of RIN4 as a regulator of plant defense and as a guardee of multiple plant R-proteins. Domain analysis of RIN4 reveals two NOI domains. The NOI domain was originally identified in a screen for nitrate induced genes. The domain is comprised of approximately 30 amino acids and contains 2 conserved motifs (PXFGXW and Y/FTXXF). The NOI gene family contains members exclusively from the plant lineage as far back as moss. In addition to the conserved NOI domain, members within the family also contain conserved C-terminal cysteine residue(s) which are sites for acylation and membrane tethering. Other than these two characteristic features, the sequence of the family of NOI-containing proteins is diverse and, with the exception of RIN4, their functions are not known. Recently published interactome data showing interactions between RIN4 and components of the exocyst complex prompt us to raise the hypothesis that RIN4 might be involved in defense associated vesicle trafficking.
Identity and Creativity

Emerging adulthood is a period for exploration of identity aspects including occupational identity, and creative activity may contribute to or result from this exploration. Grounded in several conceptions of identity, particularly that of Erik Erikson, this research tested the prediction that identity processes predict creativity. In 2 studies (N = 250), university students completed measures of identity (Berzonsky's Identity Styles Inventory; Cheek's Aspects of Identity Questionnaire), plus creative potential (Creative Personality Scale), accomplishments (behavior checklist and open-ended listing), and products (drawings, stories). In keeping with prediction, these findings demonstrated that those who are information-seeking in style and emphasize their personal identity have the greatest potential creativity and evidence the greatest number of creative accomplishments in their young lives, whereas those emphasizing normative or collective identities evidenced fewer accomplishments. These identity variab...
Transport and deposition of indoor radon decay products—II. Influence of environmental conditions

Abstract The effects of indoor radon decay product behavior on overall concentrations have generally been characterized using uniformly-mixed models, mathematical formulations based on steady-state macroscopic mass-balances, assuming uniform concentrations within the enclosure. The uniformly-mixed model parameterizes the deposition process as a constant volumetric removal rate, given different values for the free and attached progeny. The model requires prior knowledge of the deposition rates, and assumes them to be constant, independent of environmental conditions, and identical for all decay products. There has generally been little agreement regarding the actual values of the deposition rates, and the uncertainty in these required values presents an important limitation. In response to the limitations of existing mass-balance models, an indoor radon mass-transport model, RADTRAN, was developed using a microscopic mass-balance. Deposition by molecular diffusion is accounted for through boundary conditions, and deposition velocity is calculated based on the concentration distribution near the wall. Parametric sensitivity studies using RADTRAN examined the sensitivity of the deposition of radon decay products to several factors: the size of the free progeny (measured by its diffusivity, D f ), particle concentration (using the attachment rate, X ), and air motion. Deposition is described in terms of the deposition velocities of the free and attached progeny, u f and u a . The development of RADTRAN is described in a companion paper. This paper presents the results of the parametric sensitivity studies examining the influence of environmental conditions on radon progeny deposition. Results primarily focus on the influence on the free mode of the first radon decay product, 218 Po. RADTRAN is also used to examine the variations of deposition velocity between the decay products.
Nonplanar quantum well heterostructure window laser

Data are presented on a nonplanar graded barrier quantum well heterostructure window laser formed by a single metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth. By utilizing a selectively etched substrate, a transparent window region is formed in the vicinity of the facets thereby relaxing the maximum power limit imposed by catastrophic optical degradation. The ultimate output power available from such devices is approximately 50% higher than from devices with the same structure but grown on unetched substrates. The processing required for device fabrication is minimized by taking advantage of the properties of MOCVD growth on nonplanar substrates.
A Simulation Model for Schottky Diodes in GaAs Integrated Circuits

A circuit simulation model for Schottky-barrier diodes is presented which accurately reproduces the diode's forward I-V characteristics. This is achieved by the inclusion of the nonlinear (current-dependent) series resistance typically observed in planar Schottky-barrier diodes. The diode model is targeted for large-signal transient and dc bias analysis where precise solutions are required. Noteworthy features of the model are (a) an easily determined parameter set from either direct measurements or geometrical and process data, (b) requires only one additional node over the constant-resistance diode models, and (c) is applicable to a wide variety of diode geometries. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the diode model.
Future Directions of Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation Research

Multiple sclerosis continues to present a host of rehabilitation challenges, specifically the impact of secondary "hidden" conditions on quality of life, participation, and employment. To discuss the current state of rehabilitation research and direct future research endeavors, a state of the science conference was held in November 2010 in Alexandria, Virginia. The conference was presented by the University of Washington's Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation Research and Training Center and focused on the current state of research into secondary conditions, outcomes measurement, employment, and the utility of psychotherapeutic interventions. This article discusses the details and recommendations of this conference.
SpectrUW: A laboratory for the numerical exploration of spectra of linear operators

Spectra of linear operators play an important role in various aspects of applied mathematics. For all but the simplest operators, the spectrum cannot be determined analytically and as such it is difficult to build up any intuition about the spectrum. One way to obtain such intuition is to consider many examples numerically and observe emerging patterns. This is feasible using an efficient black-box numerical method, i.e., a method that requires no conceptual changes for different examples. Hill's method satisfies these requirements. It is the mathematical foundation of SpectrUW (pronounced ''spectrum''), mathematical black-box software that serves as a laboratory for the numerical approximation of spectra of one-dimensional linear operators.
A market, operation, and mission assessment of large rural for-profit hospitals with positive cash flow.

: Context: National benchmark data for 2002 indicate that large rural for-profit hospitals have a median cash flow margin of 19.5% compared to 9.2% for their nonprofit counterparts. Purpose: This study aims to gain insight regarding the driving factors behind the high cash flow performance of large rural for-profit hospitals. Methods: Using 3 annual periods of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid cost report data with the last fiscal year ending between September 30, 2002, and August 30, 2003, the study found a cash flow margin of 21.5% for the large rural for-profit hospitals. All these facilities were owned by hospital management companies. To assess their underlying market, operational, and mission factors, these hospitals were compared to a similar comparison group of large rural nonprofit hospitals that are system owned and have positive cash flows. Findings: Using logistic regression analysis, the study found lower operating expense per adjusted discharge and salary expense as a percentage of total operating expense among large rural for-profit, system-owned hospitals with positive cash flows relative to nonprofits with similar traits. Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study reflect how these for-profit hospitals, which are owned by hospital management companies, focus on controlling their labor costs as well as operating costs per discharge in order to achieve a greater positive cash flow position.
Relationship of season, thermal loading and red-sore disease with various haematological parameters in Micropterus salmoides

One hundred and fifty largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were caught during the mid-winter and mid-summer months in Par Pond, an 1120 ha cooling reservoir located on Savannah River Plant near Aiken, SC. Equal numbers of fish were taken from ambient and thermally altered (> 10° C ambient) areas of the lake. The total length and weight of each bass was noted, along with the presence or absence of lesions associated with red-sore disease (caused by the bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila and the ciliate, Epistylis sp.). Blood was drawn, by heart puncture, from each bass and the following haematological parameters measured: haematocrit, haemoglobin, iron, total iron-binding capacity, thyroxine, sodium and potassium. Only the total iron-binding capacity was significantly higher in bass with red-sore disease; none of the other blood parameters were significantly different in infected and uninfected bass. Bass from thermally altered locations had consistently higher haematocrits during both summer and winter. Bass from thermal and ambient locations were not different with respect to iron, iron-binding capacity, sodium or potassium levels. However, bass taken during summer months had higher levels of circulating iron than individuals in winter months. Summer bass had higher thyroxine levels than bass in winter. These results are discussed in terms of their relationship to red-sore disease, season and the impact of thermal effluent.
Screened Interionic Potential of the Simple Metals

The modified interionic potential which includes both a direct ion-ion interaction and an indirect ion-electron-ion interaction has been studied for twelve simple metals, using Ashcroft's analytic bare-ion pseudopotential form factor and a modified Hartree dielectric function. The direct Coulomb interaction between any pair of ions is demonstrated to be exactly cancelled at distances greater than $2{r}_{c}$, which is around half the nearest-neighbor separation. Therefore, the interionic potential needed for a study of various properties of solids is entirely of a screened nature and has the usual Friedel oscillation in the asymptotic region. In general, however, the simple Friedel form is not a good representation for distances less than the fourth-neighbor separation. The interatomic force constants and the elastic constants derived from the screened interionic potential agreed reasonably well with experiments.
Influence Of Alignment Errors Of A Telescope System On Its Aberration Field

It is shown that, for each field-dependent aberration type, the effect of tilts and decentrations is to produce a more complicated field dependence and local orientation of the aberration without otherwise changing its character. Particular attention is given to astigmatism.
Mechanical Properties Of Coatings And Interfaces

Silica Coatings of various thickness, hardnesses, and interface integrities were deposited on sapphire substrates using sol-gel techniques. The mechanical properties of the coatings were examined using a mechanical properties microprobe. The observed changes in hardness with indentation depth are explained on the basis of a model of the indentation sequence, in which three separate stages of the indentation process are described. In the first stage, the properties of the coating alone are probed: in the second stage, as the plastic field associated with the indenter extends beyond the coating into the substrate, the properties of the substrate begin to appear; and in the third stage, where the indenter penetrates into the substrate, the composite hardness is dominated by that of the substrate, although the properties of the coating are still apparent. 10 refs., 7 figs.
2-D Deposition Pattern and Strategy Study on Rapid Manufacturing

Different from the traditional machining processes, the quality of parts produced by the metal deposition process is much more dependent upon the choice of deposition paths. Due to the nature of the metal deposition processes, various tool path patterns will result in different shapes in the metal deposition process with about the same input geometry. This paper presents the research conducted on the effect of various scanning patterns and strategies for the deposition results. Triangle and rectangle patterns are selected as basic 2-D “cells” to plan the scanning path. Several criteria, like minimum angle, minimum length of edge, etc. are defined to categorize the different “cell” shapes. Based on deposition results, the suitable patterns are determined for each type. The previously defined patterns are applied for each cell in order to achieve the optimal quality. The experiment has demonstrated that the pattern and strategy selection has improved the deposition quality significantly.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Anomalous time dependence and enhancement behavior of photoluminescence from porous Si

Abstract The photoluminescence (PL) behavior of porous Si has been investigated and anomalous PL effects have been discovered which, for certain etching techniques, show an enhancement and oscillatory dependence on the laser power. A variety of etching methods have been studied and conditions have been determined which give these PL effects. Micro-Raman measurements indicate some correlation between these effects and the crystalline structure of the material.
The Mathematics Writer's Checklist: The Development of a Preliminary Assessment Tool for Writing in Mathematics.

The use of writing as a pedagogical tool to help students learn mathematics is receiving increased attention at the college level (Meier & Rishel, 1998), and the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM, 2000) built a strong case for including writing in school mathematics, suggesting that writing enhances students' mathematical thinking. Yet, classroom experience indicates that not all students are able to write well about mathematics. This study examines the writing of a two groups of students in a college-level calculus class in order to identify criteria that discriminate “;successful” vs. “;unsuccessful” writers in mathematics. Results indicate that “;successful” writers are more likely than “;unsuccessful” writers to use appropriate mathematical language, build a context for their writing, use a variety of examples for elaboration, include multiple modes of representation (algebraic, graphical, numeric) for their ideas, use appropriate mathematical notation, and address all topics specified in the assignment. These six criteria result in The Mathematics Writer's Checklist, and methods for its use as an instructional and assessment tool in the mathematics classroom are discussed.
Isaac Bashevis Singer's Satan in Goray and Bakhtin's Vision of the Carnivalesque

Abstract In the past, when critics have spoken about Singer and the grotesque, they have turned to Wolfgang Kayser's The Grotesque in Art and Literature and used his definition as the lens through which to view Singer's fiction.
Apicoplast fatty acid biosynthesis as a target for medical intervention in apicomplexan parasites.

New chemotherapies for human and animal apicomplexan infections are needed as a component of future strategies to deal with these diseases. An extensive search for new treatments exploring the unique developmental physiology, metabolism and molecular structures of Apicomplexa is under way. The description of the full complement of about 5,300 Plasmodium falciparum genes and fast growing sequence databases for other Apicomplexa allow reconstruction of metabolic pathways of these parasites and thus accelerate identification and biochemical analysis of potential targets. The apicoplast de novo fatty acid biosynthetic pathway shows great potential as a target for small-molecule inhibitors in a stand-alone or combination chemotherapy. Three enzymatic activities, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase and enoyl-ACP reductase, respond to inhibitors previously identified for bacteria and plants, and deserve to be explored in depth. In this connection, screening systems have been established to seek more potent and specific antiparasitic compounds that are harmless to the host. To this end the interconnections of fatty acid biosynthesis in Apicomplexa with other metabolic and cellular processes must be investigated.
Similarity boosting for label noise tolerance in protein-chemical interaction prediction

The analysis of protein-chemical reactions on a large scale is critical to understanding the complex interrelated mechanisms that govern biological life at the cellular level. Chemical proteomics is a new research area aimed at proteome-wide screening of such chemical-protein interactions. In order to model the diverse and complex chemical-protein interaction space, recent work on local models has emerged. Local models improve generalization by training a series of independent models each localized to predict a single interaction. One limitation of this approach is that the localized models are not tolerant to noise in the interaction labels, which is a characteristic of much protein-chemical interaction data.This work proposes and evaluates a boosting framework incorporating sample similarity to localize base models to appropriate regions of the interaction space, thereby ensuring that similar samples are given similar predictions and providing a measure of tolerance to noise in the training labels. The framework is described and compared to local models and several other competing classification methods. Chemical-protein interaction data sets are constructed from publicly available data, and a series of cross-validation experiments are performed in order to compare the noise tolerance, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of various methods.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induce protein and DNA modifications driving arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty

Arthrofibrosis, occurring in 3%-4% of patients following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), is a challenging condition for which there is no defined cause. The hypothesis for this study was that disregulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) mediates matrix protein and DNA modifications, which result in excessive fibroblastic proliferation. We found increased numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes, along with elevated amounts of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in arthrofibrotic tissues when compared to control tissues. MPO expression, an enzyme that generates ROS/RNS, is usually limited to neutrophils and some macrophages, but was found by immunohistochemistry to be expressed in both macrophages and fibroblasts in arthrofibrotic tissue. As direct measurement of ROS/RNS is not feasible, products including DNA hydroxylation (8-OHdG), and protein nitrosylation (nitrotyrosine) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Quantification of the staining showed that 8-OHdg was significantly increased in arthrofibrotic tissue. There was also a direct correlation between the intensity of inflammation and ROS/RNS to the amount of heterotopic ossification (HO). In order to investigate the aberrant expression of MPO, a real-time oxidative stress polymerase chain reaction array was performed on fibroblasts isolated from arthrofibrotic and control tissues. The results of this array confirmed the upregulation of MPO expression in arthrofibrotic fibroblasts and highlighted the downregulated expression of the antioxidants, superoxide dismutase1 and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3, as well as the significant increase in thioredoxin reductase, a known promoter of cell proliferation, and polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase, a key enzyme in the base excision repair pathway for oxidative DNA damage. Based on our current findings, we suggest that ROS/RNS initiate and sustain the arthrofibrotic response driving aggressive fibroblast proliferation and subsequent HO.
Sequence analysis of three family B DNA polymerases from the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis.

Three family B DNA polymerase genes, designated Bl, B2, and B3, were cloned from the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis, and sequenced. Deduced amino acid sequences of Bl and B3 DNA polymerases have all exonuclease and polymerase motifs which include critical residues for catalytic activities. Furthermore, a YxGG/A motif, which is located between 3'-5' exonuclease and polymerization domains of family B DNA polymerases, was also found in each of the Bl and B3 sequences. These findings suggested that 5. ohwakuensis Bl and B3 DNA polymerases have both exonuclease and polymerase activities. However, amino acid sequence of the B2 DNA polymerase of this organism contains several amino acid substitutions in Pol-motifs, and also lacks Exo-motif I and Exo-motif II. These substitutions and lack of certain motifs raise questions about polymerase and exonuclease activities of the corresponding gene product. The B3 sequence of 5. ohwakuensis is more closely related to Pyrodictium, Aeropyrum, and Archaeoglobus DNA polymerase B3 sequences than to the Sulfolobus B3 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that crenarchaeal Bl DNA polymerases are closely related to each other, and suggested that crenarchaeal B3, euryarchaeal family B, and eukaryal e DNA polymerases may be orthologs.
Physical limitations on the measurement of transient fields in air and in dissipative media using electric and magnetic probes

The properties of electric and magnetic probes for the measurement of transient electromagnetic fields in air and in dissipative media are discussed briefly. It is shown that the effective height of an electrically small loop is independent of the ambient medium. This is also virtually true for a thin electrically short dipole (or monopole). If the open-circuit voltage of a magnetic probe can be measured accurately, it is possible (in principle) to reconstruct the time history of the incident magnetic field, even if the loop is immersed in dissipative media of unknown characteristics. The time function of the open-circuit voltage of an electric probe is essentially a replica of the time history of the incident electric field, even when the probe is immersed in a dissipative medium. For impedance-loaded probes the equivalent circuit of the receiving antennas involves the source impedances of the probes. These depend on the properties of the environment. In a dissipative medium a distortion of the response to transient fields results.
Small Molecules CK-666 and CK-869 Block an Activating Conformational Change to Inhibit Arp2/3 Complex

Arp2/3 complex is a seven subunit assembly that nucleates actin filaments from the sides of pre-existing filaments, creating branched actin networks. Recently reported small molecule inhibitors of Arp2/3 complex, CK-666 and CK-869, block its nucleation activity. While these inhibitors have the potential to become powerful tools to investigate actin remodeling in vivo, it is currently not known how they inhibit Arp2/3 complex. To determine the mechanism of these inhibitors, we conducted biochemical/biophysical analysis and solved the crystal structures of CK-666 and CK-869 bound to Arp2/3 complex. Despite the fact that CK-869 and CK-666 bind to distinct sites on the complex, both compounds function by blocking an activating conformational change stimulated by dimeric VCA and two actin monomers. Chemical crosslinking, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small angle x-ray scattering demonstrate that this conformational change moves Arp2 and Arp3 together to adopt the short pitch conformation, mimicking two consecutive actin subunits in an actin filament and is hypothesized to form the nucleus for the daughter filament. Analysis of the crystal structures shows that CK-666 binds to a pocket between Arp3 and Arp2 formed only in the inactive conformation, stabilizing the inactive state. in contrast, binding of CK-869 locks a surface loop in Arp3 in a position, destabilizing the short pitch conformation. Neither inhibitor actively dissociates preformed branches, nor significantly affects binding of ATP or nucleation promoting factors to the complex or binding of Arp2/3 complex to the sides or ends of actin filaments. Therefore, CK-666 and CK-869 block a late step in the nucleation pathway by preventing a large-scale conformational change. These results have important implications for understanding the branching nucleation mechanism and will be critical in interpretation of the affects of the inhibitors on Arp2/3 complex activity in vivo.
Kant and the Demands of Self-Consciousness

1. Introduction 2. Introducing apperception 3. Concepts, laws, and the recognition of objects 4. Self-consciousness and the demands of judgement in the B-deduction 5. Self-consciousness and the unity of intuition: completing the B-deduction 6. Time-consciousness in the analogies 7. Causal laws 8. Self-consciousness and the pseudo-discipline of transcendental psychology 9. How independent is the self from the body? 10. The argument against idealism 11. Empirical realism and transcendental idealism Conclusion.
Low contention semaphores and ready lists

A method for reducing semaphore and ready-list contention in multiprocessor operating systems is described. Its correctness is established. Its performance is compared with conventional implementations. A ready list implemented as a ring network is proposed and evaluated.
Motion of the Heliospheric Termination Shock at High Heliographic Latitude

We expect the mean distance of the heliospheric termination shock to be greater (smaller) at polar latitudes than at equatorial latitudes, depending on whether the mean dynamic pressure of the solar wind is greater or smaller at high latitudes. The heliospheric termination shock is expected to move in response to variation in upstream solar wind conditions, so that at any particular instant the termination shock will resemble a distorted asymmetric balloon with some parts moving inward and others moving outward. If the shock is a gasdynamic or magnetohydrodynamic shock the results of the analysis depend only very weakly on the nature of the upstream disturbance; typical speeds of the disturbed shock are -100 to 200 km/s. In the absence of a significant latitude gradient of the typical magnitude of solar wind disturbances typical motions of the disturbed shock at polar latitudes would be about twice as fast, due to the higher speed of the high-latitude wind. If the dynamics of the termination shock are dominated by acceleration of the anomalous component of the cosmic rays, the motion of the shock in response to a given disturbance is substantially slower than in the gasdynamic case. Conceivably, particle acceleration might be a less important effect at higher latitudes, and we envision the possibility of a termination shock that is dominated by particle acceleration at lower latitudes and is an MHD shock at high latitudes. In this event high latitude solar wind disturbances would produce substantially larger inward and outward motions of the shock in the polar regions.
Exciton condensation and perfect Coulomb drag

Coulomb drag is a process whereby the repulsive interactions between electrons in spatially separated conductors enable a current flowing in one of the conductors to induce a voltage drop in the other. If the second conductor is part of a closed circuit, a net current will flow in that circuit. The drag current is typically much smaller than the drive current owing to the heavy screening of the Coulomb interaction. There are, however, rare situations in which strong electronic correlations exist between the two conductors. For example, double quantum well systems can support exciton condensates, which consist of electrons in one well tightly bound to holes in the other. ‘Perfect’ drag is therefore expected; a steady transport current of electrons driven through one quantum well should be accompanied by an equal current of holes in the other7. Here we demonstrate this effect, taking care to ensure that the electron–hole pairs dominate the transport and that tunnelling of charge between the quantum wells, which can readily compromise drag measurements, is negligible. We note that, from an electrical engineering perspective, perfect Coulomb drag is analogous to an electrical transformer that functions at zero frequency.
2.7- $\mu$ m GaSb-Based Diode Lasers With Quinary Waveguide

Type-I double-quantum-well (QW) GaSb-based diode lasers operating at 2.7 mum with room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) output power of 600 mW and peak power-conversion efficiency of 10% were designed and fabricated. The devices employed 470-nm-wide AlGaInAsSb waveguide optimized for improved device differential gain. CW threshold current density about 100 A/cm2 per QW and slope efficiency of 150 mW/A were demonstrated at 16degC.
THE TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROMES

Because of the frequency with which Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes infections occur, physicians are quite familiar with the diversity of their clinical presentations. In the 1970s, however, shock associated with multiorgan failure was described in menstruating female patients as well as in male patients following a variety of surgical procedures, such as rhinoplasty. This previously undescribed presentation of S. aureus infection, termed staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, was associated with unique strains of S. aureus. In the mid-1980s, the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome was heralded by several case reports describing patients with group A streptococcal infections associated with shock and organ failure. This article compares the differences in the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathophysiologic features of the toxic shock syndromes.
A novel deposition method for thin-film electroluminescent devices

Thin ZnS:Mn and SrS:Ce electroluminescent films are grown by solid-source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The method is attractive because it uses relatively non-toxic materials and does not require flammable hydrogen or toxic H 2 S. Performance results are presented for both blue- and white-emitting phosphors. Even though the method has not yet been optimized, luminous efficacy of 3 Im/W at low drive voltages has been attained for ZnS:Mn.
Solid-Phase Chemical Fractionation of Selected Trace Metals in Some Northern Kentucky Soils

The fractionation and distribution with depth of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in 26 soils of Northern Kentucky were determined through a sequential extraction procedure in response to environmental concerns about increasing anthropogenic inputs in a fast-paced, urbanizing area. The selected sites have not received any biosolid- or industrial-waste applications. Average total concentrations per metal in soil profiles derived from alluvial, glacial till, and residual materials ranged from 0.43 to 56.00 mg kg−1 in the sequence Zn > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd, suggesting relatively small anthropogenic inputs. The distribution of Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn increased with soil depth, whereas Cd and Pb remained stable, indicating a strong geological or pedogenic influence. Residual forms were most important for the retention of Cu, Zn, and Ni. Cadmium and Pb exhibited a strong affinity for the Fe-Mn oxide fraction, while Cr showed the strongest association with the organic fraction. In terms of metal mobility and toxicity pot...
The effect of pelvic irradiation on the absorption of bile acids.

Abstract The pathophysiology of radiation-induced diarrhea was evaluated in 17 patients undergoing pelvic irradiation for gynecological malignancies. The glycine conjugates of cholic acid (GC) and chenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC) were measured in serum by radioimmunoassay. Fasting and 2 hr post prandial (pp) determinations were performed prior to and in the fifth week of radiotherapy. The pre-treatment fasting and 2 hr pp GC levels were 0.20 ± 0.29 (mean ± SD) and 0.48 ± 0.47 μM. In the fifth week the fasting and 2 hr pp GC levels were 0.16 ± 0.23 and 0.25 ± 0.27 μM. The first week fasting and 2 hr pp GCDC levels were 0.32 ± 0.47 and 0.80 ± 0.83 μM: in the fifth week they were 0.10 ± 0.06 and 0.33 ± 0.27 μM. The differences between the first and the fifth week post prandial increases in serum GC and GCDC levels were significant ( p P The data suggest that a cholerrheic enteropathy is the major determinant in the pathophysiology of radiation-induced diarrhea.
Mesoporous carbon-carbon nanotube-sulfur composite microspheres for high-areal-capacity lithium-sulfur battery cathodes.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries offer theoretical energy density much higher than that of lithium-ion batteries, but their development faces significant challenges. Mesoporous carbon–sulfur composite microspheres are successfully synthesized by combining emulsion polymerization and the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process. Such materials not only exhibit high sulfur-specific capacity and excellent retention as Li–S cathodes but also afford much improved tap density, sulfur content, and areal capacity necessary for practical development of high-energy-density Li–S batteries. In addition, when incorporated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form mesoporous carbon–CNT–sulfur composite microspheres, the material demonstrated superb battery performance even at a high current density of 2.8 mA/cm2, with a reversible capacity over 700 mAh/g after 200 cycles.
Nonlocal Currents for Supersymmetric Nonlinear Models

Curvature-free covariant derivatives are given for the O(N) and CP(N) supersymmetric nonlinear models in two dimensions. The derivatives are used in a differential algorithm to explicitly construct sequences of nonlocal conserved currents. Properties of these currents and their charges are briefly discussed.
Indoor localization using SLAM in parallel with a natural marker detector

Indoor localization poses is a challenge to computer vision research, since one may not make use of GPS-based devices. A classic approach commonly used in museums, research institutes, etc, is the use of fiducial marker to track the users position. However, this approach is intrusive into the ambient and not always possible. A possible solution would be natural marker detection, but algorithms for this, such as SURF, have not yet achieved real-time performance. A promising approach is a Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) algorithm, which, starting from a known position, is capable of generating a map of the surrounding environment in portable systems. The problem of SLAM algorithms is theirs error accumulation that builds up during the movement. This work presents an algorithm to locate 3D positions in non-instrumented indoor environments using a web camera. We define a hybrid approach, using a pattern-recognition method to reinitialize whenever possible a VSLAM algorithm. An implementation of the proposed algorithm use well-known computer vision algorithms, such as SURF and Davison's SLAM. In addition, tests were made on datasets from walks inside a room. Results indicate that our approach is better than a fiducial marker tracking and pure SLAM tracking in our test environment.
Study on effect of carbon black on behavior of conductive polymer composites with positive temperature coefficient

Conductive polymer composites showing large positive temperature coefficient (PTC) are made of semi-crystalline polymer as an insulator and a conducting filler, whose concentration is close to the critical volume fraction. In this study, the resistivity and PTC behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) filled with different carbon blacks were studied. Among those composites, N660 carbon black filled PE showed the greatest PTC behavior. Carbon black with large particle size, small surface area and small amount of aggregated structure leads to large amplitude of PTC transition (defined as the ratio of maximum resistivity to the resistivity at 25/spl deg/C). The great PTC behavior is due to some microscopic mechanism under the macroscopic thermal expansion of polymer matrix during melting of polymer crystal.