cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adventitious roots inGlycine subg.Glycine (Leguminosae): Morphological and taxonomic indicators of the B genome

Adventitious roots were observed on 3 wild perennialGlycine species, in short-poddedG. clandestina, G. latifolia and mostG. tabacina (2x, 4x, 6x), while other species lacked adventitious roots. This suggests that the adventitious roots trait is associated with B genome species. Intra- and interspecific F1 hybrids reveal that adventitious roots apparently are inherited recessively. The presence of adventitious roots or short-poddedG. clandestina, coupled with infertility with longer-poddedG. clandestina, and enzymatic and leaflet morphology differences between the twoG. clandestina subgroups, supports segregation of the short-podded form as a separate taxon.
Application of Damage Constants in Gamma Irradiated Anphoterically Si Doped GaAs LEDs

The effect of gamma irradiation on the electrical and optical properties of amphoterically Si-doped GaAs LEDs has been investigated. The lifetime-damage constant product, tau/sub 0/K/sub ..gamma../, for degradation of the light output at constant low voltage was found to be 7.5 x 10/sup -7/ Rads/sup -1/. However, because of the presence of space charge limited current (SCLC) flow at higher currents, which conform to the practical operating range of 10 to 50 mA, the light output degraded more rapidly than at lower voltages. It is shown that the same value of tau/sub 0/K/sub ..gamma../ can be used to predict the degradation at practical operating currents when the SCLC is taken into account. Consequently, the practical implications of the results are that care must be taken in predicting degradation with a low voltage tau/sub 0/K/sub ..gamma../, and that the doping conditions leading to the presence of the SCLC should be avoided for LEDs that must operate in a radiation environment.
Interaction of 80 --164 MeV protons with nickel isotopes

Production cross sections of various final nuclei have been determined using the in-beam gamma rays produced during the 80, 100, 136, and 164 MeV proton bombardment of /sup 58/Ni, /sup 60/Ni, /sup 62/Ni, and /sup 64/Ni targets. From the systematics of these cross sections it is concluded that (a) typically, 1--2 nucleons are emitted in the fast pre-equilibrium phase leaving a few nuclei excited over a broad range of excitation energy, (b) the bulk of the final nuclei are produced following nucleon evaporation from the excited nuclear residues of the pre-equilibrium phase, (c) the fraction of the incident energy dissipated through fast emission increases from about 1/2 to 2/3 over the above energy range, (d) the average excitation energy of the nuclear residues of the pre-equilibrium phase is estimated to increase by only 10 MeV in going from about 40 to 50 MeV over the above energy range, and (e) no evidence is found for significantly preferred removal of alpha particles from the target nucleus. Detailed comparisons of the observed cross sections are made with the cascade and hybrid models. The cascade model yields better overall agreement with the measured results. A hybrid model which includes both multiple pre-equilibrium emissionmore » and geometric surface effects is needed if it is to be equally effective.« less
Cytodiagnosis of hibernoma: a case report.

Cytologic examination of material obtained by fine-needle aspiration of a supraclavicular mass revealed features that were consistent with a hibernoma. Subsequent histologic study following resection of the mass confirmed the cytologic impression. The clinical, histologic, and cytologic features of this rare tumor along with the differential diagnosis and pitfalls in the cytologic diagnosis are discussed in this article. Diagn Cyto-pathol 1987;3:326-9.
A satellited Yq chromosome associated with trisomy 21 and an inversion of chromosome 9.

A case of satellited Yq, inverted 9 and trisomy 21 is described. The clinical features are typical of those found in Down's syndrome.
Screening tests for fire safety of composites for marine applications

Demands for reduced maintenance, reduced manning and reduced cost are resulting in the need for new and alternative materials for introduction in the fleet. The new materials in man., cases tend to be non-metallic and organic (combustible) materials. In order to maintain a minimum level of fire safety, the US Navy has set performance requirements for new materials in many applications. These include the use of composite materials in ships and submarines. Performance requirements for composites, in most cases, are based on full-scale fire tests. The use of composites for structural applications in submarines is covered by MIL-STD-2031. The use of composites aboard US Navy ships for topside applications is now covered by Fire Safety testing criteria. The recommended fire performance criteria contain requirements for fire growth, smoke toxicity, visibility (ISO 9705), fire resistance and structural integrity under fire (UL 1709). When developing new composite systems, it is expensive to repeatedly conduct these typical full-scale fire tests to determine the performance of the most recent design. Instead, more cost-effective small-scale testing is preferable to evaluate performance. To facilitate the introduction of new and modified fire tolerant materials/systems/designs, and to reduce the financial burden on small business, the US Navy has developed a low Cost Composite system fire screening protocol which offers the potential of predicting the full-scale fire performance. Fire growth potential of new composite systems and designs can be screened by using small-scale test data from cone calorimeter (ASTM E-1354) and Lateral Ignition Flame spread Test (ASTM E-1321) in conjunction with the Composite Fire Hazard Analysis Tool (CFHAT). The small-scale burn-through test (2 x 2 ft) was shown capable of screening fire resistance performance determined in furnace testing with a UL-1709 fire curve. These screening techniques provide cost-effective approaches for evaluating fire performance of new technologies, which in turn aids in the product development process. Full-scale fire testing is still required before inclusion of products onboard US Navy submarines and surface ships. Language: en
Good-Enough RFLP Matcher (GERM) program

A spreadsheet-based program (Good-Enough RFLP Matcher or GERM) is presented that matches unknown restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi to a database of known ectomycorrhizal fungi. The program uses three simple methods to determine whether a sample matches a known: (1) Forward Matching: whether every band in the unknown is present in a known sample within a given error range; (2) Backward Matching: whether every band in the known sample is present in the unknown within a given error range; (3) Sum of Bands: whether the sum of all bands in the known and unknown are similar within a given error range. The program is available through the web page of this journal.
Reaction Kinetics and Reduced Shrinkage Stress of Thiol-Yne-Methacrylate and Thiol-Yne-Acrylate Ternary Systems

Thiol-yne-methacrylate and thiol-yne-acrylate ternary systems were investigated for polymerization kinetics and material properties and compared to the analogous pure thiol-yne and (meth)acrylate systems. Both thiol-yne-methacrylate and thiol-yne-acrylate systems were demonstrated to reduce polymerization induced shrinkage stress while simultaneously achieving high glass transition temperatures (T(g)) and modulius. Formulations with 70 wt% methacrylate increased the T(g) from 51 ± 2 to 75 ± 1 °C and the modulus from 1800 ± 100 to 3200 ± 400 MPa (44% increase) over the pure thiol-yne system. Additionally, the shrinkage stress was 1.2 ± 0.2 MPa, which is lower than that of the pure methacrylate, binary thiol-yne and thiol-ene-methacrylate control systems which are all > 2 MPa. Interestingly, with increasing methacrylate or acrylate concentration, a decrease and subsequent increase in the shrinkage stress values were observed. A minimum shrinkage stress value (1.0 ± 0.2 MPa) was observed in the 50 wt% methacrylate and 70 wt% acrylate systems. This tunable behavior results from the competitive reaction kinetics of the methacrylate or acrylate homopolymerization versus chain transfer to thiol and the accompanying thiol-yne step-growth polymerization. The crosslinking density of the networks and the amount of volumetric shrinkage that occurs prior to gelation relative to the total volumetric shrinkage were determined as two key factors that control the final shrinkage stress of the ternary systems.
Cranial magnetic resonance imaging in lowe's syndrome

The oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe is a rare, X-linked recessive disorder originally described by Lowe et al. in 1952 (1). Ocular manifestations include congenital cataracts and glaucoma. Renal involvement is manifested by renal tubular acidosis, hypophosphatemic rickets and organic aciduria, similar to Fanconi syndrome, with later development of glomerular dysfunction and uremia. Severe developmental delay, profound mental retardation, hypotonia, absent deep tendon reflexes, and a high-pitched scream represent the neurological changes. Skeletal abnormalities include rachitic changes and patients develop a symmetric arthropathy of both small and large joints. Death usually occurs in the first or second decade, secondary to pneumonia or uremia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in Lowe’s syndrome has been reported by few authors (3-6) and only one case reported of MRI findings in infancy (4). We present our findings in a 18-month-old patient with Lowe’s syndrome.
Bargaining in the Shadow of the Website: Disclosure’s Impact on Medical Malpractice Litigation

This study investigates the significance of confidentiality and disclosure for medical malpractice litigation. Starting in the mid-1990s, seventeen states began posting information on a doctor’s specific history of medical malpractice claims on state-run websites. The laws creating these sites altered the level of confidentiality that would accompany litigation and settlement. Taking into account the varying disclosure requirements across the states, we examine the impact of the altered levels of confidentiality on litigant behavior. We find evidence of two, non-exclusive effects of disclosure. First, we find evidence that defendants value confidentiality and are no longer willing to pay a confidentiality premium when websites disclose settlement outcomes. Second, we find evidence that website disclosure changes the composition of claims.
Control of pupal fat body disappearance in the female black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) by the brain and the corpus allatum.

Neck-ligation, brain implantation, allatectomy, methoprene treatment, and ovariectomy indicated that the disappearance of pupal fat body cells in newly emerged adult female blow fly, Phormia regina, is controlled by the brain and the corpus allatum (CA). Absence of brain or CA greatly lowered the rate of fat body cell disappearance (i.e. death). Dependency on the CA decreased from 0 to 36h post-emregence, indicating that the CA was active during the earlier part of this timespan. Methoprene treatment enhanced pupal fat body cell disappearance in allatectomized females. Brain implantation restored the rate of pupal fat body cell disappearance in neck-ligated flies. Brains from day 1 sugar-fed flies proved to be more effective than those from day 2 sugar-fed flies, indicating that there may be a window after adult emergence that allows the brain to act directly or indirectly on the death of pupal fat body cells. Ovariectomy did not alter the rate of pupal fat body cell death in test animals. Dying pupal fat body cells were smaller in size, less dense (i.e. did not sink in saline like normal pupal fat body cells), and stickier (i.e. attached to other tissues tighter) than the healthy cells. A possible role played by ecdysteroids is also discussed.
Market truths: theory versus empirical simulations

There have been many debates over the true nature of financial markets and the implications regarding passive and active portfolio management. Much of the literature employ advanced quantitative techniques to produce evidence against, or for, a developed theory. Often times, these studies make strict assumptions and judgment calls that allow one to question the validity of the results. In this paper, we combine computer simulation and exploratory data analysis to gain a better understanding of stock market portfolios and of common risk measures. By taking a computational approach, our study requires a small amount of subjectivity and makes no assumptions about capital markets. This makes our results very difficult to discredit. Our results provide strong evidence against the efficient market hypothesis and display some undesirable properties of several well-known risk measures.
Breast lesion discrimination using statistical analysis and shape measures on magnetic resonance imagery.

Abstract Magnetic resonance images of intact human breast tissue are evaluated using statistical measures and shape analysis. In this paper, the Mahalanobis distance measurement and a related F-statistical value demonstrate that breast lesions are statistically separable from normal breast tissue. The minimum set of parameters to provide first order statistical separability between fibroadenomas, cysts, and carcinomas are TI-weighted, T2-weighted, and Dixon opposed pulse sequences. Tumor shape is quantified by development of a compactness measure and a spatial frequency analysis of the lesion boundary. Malignant lesions are shown to be separable from benign lesions based on quantitative shape measures.
Energy Bands for the Iron Transition Series

Preliminary energy-band calculations for elements of the iron transition series have been completed using the augmented plane-wave method. The results include plots of energy as a function of wave vector along a line of symmetry for elements crystallizing in the face-centered cubic (Ar, Co, Ni, Cu), body-centered cubic (V, Cr, Fe), and hexagonal close packed (Ti, Zn) structures. These results indicate the presence of systematic trends in the band structures for the various elements and provide some justification for the application of the rigid band model to transition metals and their alloys.
Formation and diagenesis of macromolecular organic sulfur in Peru margin sediments

Abstract The geochemistry of organic sulfur in a suite of samples covering the upper 100 m of sediment from the Peruvian margin has been characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray absorption (XANES) spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis. These data are compared with those obtained from a thermally immature, but consolidated, sulfur-rich sediment (Miocene Monterey Fm, CA). Results indicate that sulfur incorporation into organic matter takes place primarily within the upper few meters of sediment, but sulfur “in-growth” continues at greater depths. The major initial products are organic sulfides, with subordinate amounts of thiophenes. Sulfonic acids also comprise a significant portion of the organically-bound sulfur in the shallowest sediments. Analysis of chemically defined organic matter sub-fractions isolated from a surficial (
Improving older adults’ memory performance using prior task success

Holding negative aging stereotypes can lead older adults to perform poorly on memory tests. We attempted to improve older adults’ memory performance by giving them task experience that would counter their negative performance expectations. Before participating in a memory experiment, younger and older adults were given a cognitive task that they could either successfully complete, not successfully complete, or they were given no prior task. For older adults, recall was significantly higher and self-reported anxiety was significantly lower for the prior task success group relative to the other groups. There was no effect of prior task experience on younger adults’ memory performance. Results suggest that older adults’ memory can be improved with a single successful prior task experience.
GDOT's Consultant and Contractor Surveys: An Approach to Strengthening Relationships with Government's Business Partners

Developing productive working relationships with business partners is both challenging and of paramount importance for governments agencies that increasingly rely on private firms and nonprofit organizations to help deliver services and meet customers' needs. This case discusses the need to strengthen relationships with government's business partners and suggests conducting surveys of these critical stakeholder groups as an early step in this direction. Such surveys can be designed to probe business partners' rating of a government agency's performance of relevant tasks in which they interact, gauge their satisfaction with working with the agency, and identify problems and issues that need to be addressed to strengthen these partnerships. This approach is illustrated by parallel surveys of highway contractors and professional engineering and design consultants conducted by the Georgia Department of Transportation at multiple points in time. The results show that such surveys can reveal useful information ...
The Professions Under Scrutiny: An Antitrust Perspective

Increasingly, the professions are coming under the scrutiny of the antitrust laws. Such anticompetitive forms of professional conduct as group boycotts, arbitrary and unreasonable licensing requirements, barriers to entry and exclusionary practices, price-fixing, stifling of innovative delivery systems, and restrictions on the scope of professional practice are reviewed in this article. Also examined are the problems encountered by the courts in applying antitrust law to the professions. The review of the literature reveals modest evidentiary support for a shift in the burden of requiring regulation to those proposing it. Several alternatives are set forth to aid in the development of procompetitive professions.
The influence of glucosamine-hydrochloride on cellular adhesiveness in Drosophila melanogaster☆

Abstract 1. 1. Larvae of the tu w mutant strain of Drosophila melanogaster develop melanotic masses in the caudal fatbody shortly before pupation. These abnormal tissue masses are aggregations of lamellocyte variants of the blood cells which encapsulate the caudal fat cells. 2. 2. When glucosamine-HCl is fed to second instar tu w larvae, small free-floating melanotic bodies appear, while very few of the larvae show the characteristic compact melanotic masses in the caudal fat region. The small free-floating melanotic bodies are individual fat cells from the caudal fat which have lamellocytes adhering on their surfaces. 3. 3. After the tu w larvae with the small melanotic bodies are returned to normal feeding conditions without glucosamine-HCl, a reaggregation of the free-floating melanotic bodies occurs through a process of reencapsulation by lamellocytes. 4. 4. Addition of glucosamine-HCl to the diet of Drosophila larvae of the tu w strain interferes with the adhesive properties of the lamellocytes. It has been suggested that alterations in the adhesive properties of the body cells might explain the phenocopic effect previously reported for glucosamine-HCl.
VOID GROWTH KINETICS IN STRAINED SILVER

Abstract The rates of nucleation and growth of intercrystalline voids in silver, strained plastically at constant rate to near fracture, were determined for various temperatures from 680° to 1150°K. The voids observed grow from pre-existent nuclei so that the number of voids is a constant for given conditions of preannealing and testing. The mean void radius increases linearly with time of strain. On the basis of existing theoretical treatments, such a growth law is ascribed to bulk generation and diffusion of vacancies or vacancy pairs (divacancies). With this model a defect migration energy of 0.35 ± 0.1 eV is obtained from the void growth data. Thus, it seems likely that bulk production and diffusion of divacancies is the controlling mechanism in void growth under the above conditions.
Asynchronous Neighbor Discovery: Finding Needles of Connectivity in Haystacks of Time

We present Disco, an asynchronous neighbor discovery and rendezvous protocol that allows two or more nodes operating their radios at low duty cycles (e.g. 1%) to discover and communicate with each other during opportunistic encounters and without any prior synchronization information. The key challenge is to operate the radio at a low duty cycle but still ensure that discovery is fast, reliable, and predictable over a range of operating conditions. Disco nodes pick a pair of prime numbers such that the sum of their reciprocals is equal to the desired radio duty cycle. Each node increments a local counter with a globally-fixed period. If a node's local counter value is divisible by either of its primes, then the node turns on its radio for one period. This protocol ensures that two nodes will have some overlapping radio on-time within a bounded number of periods, even if nodes independently set their own duty cycle.
Monovalent cation requirement for the aminoacyl transfer reaction in protein synthesis.

IN this laboratory, previous investigations of the transfer of amino-acids from aminoacyl sRNA to polypeptides on ribosomes (the aminoacyl transfer reaction) were carried out with cell fractions prepared from rat liver with buffered solutions containing potassium1–3. The aminoacyl transfer reaction was dependent on the concentration of potassium ion in the incubation, and optimal incorporation was obtained when the concentration of potassium in the reaction mixture was between 0.075 and 0.1 M. Recent studies with preparations of Escherichia coli have shown that ammonium ions are more effective than potassium ions and that rubidium, caesium, sodium and lithium ions are much less active in promoting aminoacyl transfer4,5. Because similar results have been obtained with the rat liver system, solutions containing ammonium are at present being routinely used in this laboratory6. This communication presents a detailed investigation of the effective concentrations of various monovalent cations on polypeptide biosynthesis. The results reveal an interesting relationship between the relative biological activity of these ions and some of their physical and chemical thermodynamic properties.
Maximal convex metrics on some classical metric spaces

It is proved that every convex, complete, two-point homogeneous metric for which small spheres are connected has maximal symmetry. This in turn implies that the standard metrics on the classical spaces of geometry are maximally symmetric.
Synthesis, crystal structure and electrochemistry of bis( N,N -dimethylammonium) tris(1,2-benzenedithiolato)titanate(IV)

Abstract Synthesis, electrochemical and structural data for [NH2(CH3)2]2[Ti(S2C6H4)3] (1 are described. Treating Ti{N(CH3)2}4 with 1,2-(HS)2C6H4 in a 1 : 3 ratio affords 1 in 94% isolated yield. Dark red single crystals of 1, suitable for X-ray crystallography, were obtained from CH3CNEt2O mixtures. The molecular structure of the anion of 1, [Ti(S2C6H4)3]2−, provides a rare example of a homoleptic thiolate complex of titanium, but more importantly, the titanium centre contains the unusual TiS6 coordination of a skew-trapezoidal bipyramid (S-TzBP) with angular coordinates φA = 60°, φB = 140E = 75°. The S6 polyhedron in 1 can be alternatively described as a pentagonal bipyramid with an equatorial vertex missing. A spectropotentiostatic experiment for 1 verified that a reversible one-electron reduction occurs at −1.51 V (vs Ag/AgCl, DMF). The electrochemical product was characterized by UV-vis (347, 414 and 434 nm) and ESR (77 K, rhombic: g1 = 2.18 g2 = 2.04 and g3 = 2.00) spectroscopies.
Analytic formulae for the design of reactive polymer blend barrier materials

Reactive particles that scavenge an undesirable permeate can be incorporated into thin plastic films to make high performance composite barriers used as packaging materials. A multiscale model is presented with analytic solutions to the resulting equations to describe blends of non-spherical particles in the limiting cases of fast and slow reaction rates. These analytic design formulae include predictions for the permeate flux, time lag and kill time. In particular a quasi-steady permeate flux is quantified, which is observed at early times when most reactive sites are still available. This flux can lead to significant leakage of the mobile species well before the time lag, and it is proposed as a critical figure of merit for the design of reactive barrier materials. The equation for the quasi-steady flux is valid for reactive particles of any shape and requires only knowledge of average area to volume ratio for the particles within the blend in the limit of fast reactions. The time lag is also shown to be valid for any polymer blends, irrespective of particle geometry, aspect ratio or reaction mechanism within the particle. The ranges of validity of the design formulae are found to be broad based on comparisons with numerical solutions of the model. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF HISTIDINE DECARBOXYLASE AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN NERVES, GANGLIA AND IN SINGLE NEURONAL CELL BODIES FROM THE CNS OF APLYSIA CALIFORNICA

— Histamine (HA) is present in substantial quantities in all ganglia of Aplysia californica. Within the cerebral ganglia this amine is known to be concentrated in at least two identified neurons designated C-2 neurons. In this study a combination of chemical and enzymatic analyses was employed to provide evidence for the existence of a biochemical pathway for HA synthesis in ganglia and individual neurons of this marine mollusk. Examination of extracts of individual neurons dissected from ganglia organ-cultured in the presence of [3H]histidine showed that every neuron accumulated labelled histidine, but only the HA-containing C-2 neurons synthesized and stored labelled HA suggesting that the formation of HA in Aplysia could be catalyzed by the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC). HDC activity was studied with a new microradiometric assay. Many of the properties of the molluscan HDC studied were found to correspond to the vertebrate enzyme. Enzyme activity was inhibited by α-hydrazino-histidine but unaffected by concentrations of α-methyldopa or by 5-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl) salicylic acid which produced nearly complete inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity. HDC was measurable in nervous but not other Aplysia tissues assayed. All 5 major ganglia contained HDC activity which spanned a 15-fold range between the least and most active ganglia. Only 4 of the 13 nerve trunks assayed yielded measurable enzymic activity; these active nerves were associated with the cerebral ganglia which has the highest HDC activity of all measured ganglia. Of the numerous individual neurons assayed for HDC, only the C-2 cells showed measurable enzyme activity, about 25 pmol/cell/h or 70 μmol/g protein/h. Since the activity of HDC in the HA-containing neurons was at least three orders of magnitude larger than all other neurons assayed in the cerebral and other ganglia, these data appear to provide a direct metabolic basis for the selective presence of HA in these cells, and they indicate that the cellular presence of HDC provides a useful biochemical marker for the location of HA-rich neurons in Aplysia.
Treatment with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline prevents experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats

Myocarditis is commonly associated with cardiotropic infections and has been linked to development of autoimmunity. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is a naturally occurring tetrapeptide that prevents inflammation and fibrosis in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases; however, its effect on autoimmune-mediated cardiac diseases remains unknown. We studied the effects of Ac-SDKP in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), a model of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that Ac-SDKP prevents autoimmune myocardial injury by modulating the immune responses. Lewis rats were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin and treated with Ac-SDKP or vehicle. In EAM, Ac-SDKP prevented both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, remodeling as shown by hypertrophy and fibrosis, and cell-mediated immune responses without affecting myosin-specific autoantibodies or antigen-specific T cell responses. In addition, Ac-SDKP reduced cardiac infiltration by macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-2, IL-17] and chemokines (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, interferon-γ-induced protein 10), cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, L-selectin), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Ac-SDKP prevents autoimmune cardiac dysfunction and remodeling without reducing the production of autoantibodies or T cell responses to cardiac myosin. The protective effects of Ac-SDKP in autoimmune myocardial injury are most likely mediated by inhibition of 1) innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration and 2) expression of proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and MMPs.
A quantitative study of isobaric equilibrium and gravity anomalies in the hawaiian islands

Abstract The deformation of a strong elastic lithosphere supported by an underlying weak magma is calculated for a long mountainous load. The deformations, produce vertical superposed stresses in the lithosphere that contribute to the support of the mountain and distribute its weight over a large area.Employing the principle of isobaric equilibrium, the distribution of the vertical supporting stress and the associated gravity anomalies may be determined by analysis. The results of the analysis are applied to the Hawaiian chain and it is shown that the calculated physical properties and gravity anomalies are remarkably like those observed. It is inferred from the study that: ( a ) a strong lithosphere underlies the Hawaiians and this section is practically identical with those underlying other regions; ( b ) the lithosphere will support one-sided stresses approximating 10 9 dynes/cm. 2 for long periods of time; ( c ) the distribution of gravity anomaly may be described quantitatively in terms of the calculated deformations; ( d ) the principle of isobaric equilibrium is obeyed throughout the region whereas the isostatic principle is generally violated; and ( e ) the distribution of compensating masses is not at all like that demanded by the principle of isostasy. It is concluded that isostasy leads to results that are clearly wrong when applied to mountains or other deformed regions. The principle of isobaric equilibrium appears, however, to be well established by the investigation.
The excessive costs of creative finance: Growing inefficiencies in the production of low‐income housing

Abstract The paper examines creative finance as a means of low‐income housing production and preservation. The low‐income tax credit has evolved as the main federal housing production program in recent years. But this evolution can only be understood as a last resort. The inefficiencies of this approach outweigh any advantages. High transaction costs, inappropriate targeting of benefits, and insufficient monitoring are among the problems. Recent changes in the tax credit may actually cost the government more. Furthermore, current policy in fact creates the same time bombs now exploding in the prepayment projects. Current proposals for housing reform and revitalization have positive features, but are either underfunded or still rely on creative finance. What is needed is a direct one‐ or two‐step low‐income production program.
Prediction of high-pressure phase behaviour in polyethylene/n-pentane/carbon dioxide ternary system with the Sanchez-Lacombe model

Abstract Polyethylene/n-pentane/carbon dioxide ternary systems have been modelled using the Sanchez-Lacombe lattice-fluid model. Phase diagrams have been generated at pressures up to 300 MPa and temperatures up to 460 K. The results show that the system may display two-phase or three-phase equilibrium depending upon the pressure. At a given temperature, the three-phase regions disappear with increasing pressure. Depending upon the pressure, calculations also predict the experimentally observed shifts from lower critical solution temperature to upper critical solution temperature type behaviours, which are illustrated in the ternary diagrams as shifts in the phase boundaries with temperature. It is further shown that for high-molecular-weight polymer samples the ternary calculations can be simplified by assuming that the polymer-lean phase is essentially free of polymer.
The mammalian Mediator complex and its role in transcriptional regulation

Mediator is an essential component of the RNA polymerase II general transcriptional machinery and plays a crucial part in the activation and repression of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mediator was the first to be defined and is a high molecular mass complex composed of >20 distinct subunits that performs multiple activities in transcription. Recent studies have defined the subunit composition and associated activities of mammalian Mediator, and revealed a striking evolutionary conservation of Mediator structure and function from yeast to man.
Home Positive-Pressure Ventilation: Twenty Years’ Experience

We studied retrospectively 26 adults and 21 children with chronic respiratory failure whose condition was managed at home using positive-pressure ventilators in order to ascertain the outcome, benefits, and complications of this form of management. Twenty-six (55 percent) of the patients had injuries to the spinal cord. Among the 47 patients, nine were eventually weaned from the ventilator, and two died at home because of disconnection from their ventilators. Using life-table analysis, projected three-year survival was 74 percent for patients without spinal injury and 63 percent for patients with spinal injury. Mortality was greater for children than for adults. For a majority of patients, the cost of management at home was significantly less than management in the hospital, depending largely on the level of nursing care required. We suggest that mechanical ventilation at home may be a reasonable alternative to prolonged hospitalization for medically stable ventilator-dependent adults and children.
Abstract B17: A microscale 3-D in vitro model of the breast cancer progression from DCIS to IDC: Deciphering the role of the stromal fibroblasts

Breast cancer progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a critical step in breast cancer. This invasive transition of DCIS is defined by stromal invasion and is a life-threatening step accompanied by a dramatic drop in prognosis. In addition, the invasive transition of DCIS is largely driven by stromal alteration; thus it is critical to understand how DCIS alters the surrounding microenvironment, thus causing the cancer cells to become invasive. This study investigates the role of stromal fibroblasts in the vicinity of DCIS during the invasive transition using an innovative multidisciplinary approach that combines 3D cancer biology, microfluidics, and high-resolution imaging. We recently developed an efficient 3D microfluidic system that supports the transition from DCIS to IDC. The in vitro system employs microchannels with two inputs and one output enabling MCF10-DCIS.com cells (MCF-DCIS) and human mammary fibroblasts (HMF) to be loaded in two adjacent (side-by-side) compartments. This platform allows investigations of effects of spatial organization on the transition by independently analyzing their morphology and the modifications to the surrounding collagen architecture. Importantly, the compartmentalized platform enables monitoring of both MCF-DCIS and HMF independently including quantitative measures of the collagen architecture associated with each cell type. We observed that the HMF near MCF-DCIS became more protrusive versus HMF relatively far from MCF-DCIS. We have also begun to identify how the HMF become activated and protrusive when co-cultured with MCF-DCIS and to understand the biological function and impact of protrusive HMF during DCIS progression to IDC. We verified that the signaling based on Cathepsin D produced from MCF-DCIS and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) from HMF is involved in regulation of the protrusive activity of HMF. Additionally, knocking down LRP1 in HMF inhibited the invasive transition of MCF-DCIS. This study demonstrates one possible route through which MCF-DCIS activate pre-existing fibroblasts and subsequently, leads to the modification of the ECM and the progression to IDC. Citation Format: Kyung Eun Sung, Carolyn Pehlke, Erwin Berthier, Kevin W. Eliceiri, Andreas Friedl, David J. Beebe. A microscale 3-D in vitro model of the breast cancer progression from DCIS to IDC: Deciphering the role of the stromal fibroblasts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
The Increasing Importance of Quality Measures for Trainees

Quality measurement is the “new normal” in gastroenterology. As we have argued, quality measurement presents a unique and valuable educational opportunity for our trainees. But to capitalize on this opportunity, and to train gastroenterologists who will thrive in our increasingly integrated, quality-oriented healthcare system, we need to engage trainees in formal educational programs on this topic. We also need to be thoughtful about not only the potential benefits, but also the potential harms of quality measurement. And as a profession, we need to be sure that we have a voice in defining and improving not only quality of care, but also the quality measures by which we are judged.
Theoretical investigation of stabilities and optical properties of Si12C12 clusters.

By sorting through hundreds of globally stable Si12C12 isomers using a potential surface search and using simulated annealing, we have identified low-energy structures. Unlike isomers knit together by Si–C bonds, the lowest energy isomers have segregated carbon and silicon regions that maximize stronger C–C bonding. Positing that charge separation between the carbon and silicon regions would produce interesting optical absorption in these cluster molecules, we used time-dependent density functional theory to compare the calculated optical properties of four isomers representing structural classes having different types of silicon and carbon segregation regions. Absorptions involving charge transfer between segregated carbon and silicon regions produce lower excitation energies than do structures having alternating Si–C bonding for which frontier orbital charge transfer is exclusively from separated carbon atoms to silicon atoms. The most stable Si12C12 isomer at temperatures below 1100 K is unique as regards its high symmetry and large optical oscillator strength in the visible blue. Its high-energy and low-energy visible transitions (1.15 eV and 2.56 eV) are nearly pure one-electron silicon-to-carbon transitions, while an intermediate energy transition (1.28 eV) is a nearly pure carbon-to-silicon one-electron charge transfer.
A brief review of ground‐water conditions in Michigan

The State of Michigan makes up about one-half of the area of the great Michigan Synclinal Basin, the remainder of which embraces Lakes Michigan and Huron and small parts of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Ontario [see 1 (p. 7) of “References” at end of paper]. The Basin has characteristics of both a geosyncline and a major structural basin. The geosynclinal origin is indicated by the facts that the Basin has been progressively downwarped, the beds thicken markedly into the central area, the outline of the course of the outcropping rocks is roughly oval, and the minor structures within the Basin are mostly parallel to the longer diameter of the downwarp. Evidence of several periods of isolation and evaporation and the absence of thick series of coarse clastic sediments in the post-Cambrian rock-column are features that are more characteristic of structural basins.
Follicle size and implantation of embryos from in vitro fertilization.

Objective: To determine the effect of increased follicle size at the time of hCG administration on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Fifty women immediately before and 50 immediately after a protocol change were reviewed retrospectively. The criterion for hCG administration was changed from a leading follicle size of at least 17 mm to one of at least 20 mm (average of two dimensions). Changes in follicle size and number, oocytes recovered, fertilization rate, embryo development, implantation rate, and pregnancy rate were examined. Women over 40 years of age, those undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and those whose stimulation did not include GnRH agonists were excluded. Results: The number of large follicles increased, but peak estradiol concentrations and number of oocytes recovered did not differ when hCG was administered at a follicular size of at least 20 mm. The numbers of oocytes fertilized, embryos replaced, and embryos cryopreserved were not statistically different. The percentage of cleaved fertilized oocytes was greater and the degree of embryo fragmentation smaller when hCG was administered at an increased follicular size. The implantation rate was higher and clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates tended to be higher when hCG was administered at a larger follicle size. Conclusion: The administration of hCG at a larger follicle size appears to have a beneficial effect on the outcome of IVF. Embryo quality—as reflected by decreased fragmentation, increased cleavage, and increased implantation rate—appears to be improved when hCG is delayed until two or more follicles reach at least 20 mm in diameter.
Mapuche ceremonial landscape, social recruitment and resource rights

Abstract A summary of the main variables accounting for the construction and distribution of historic and contemporary ceremonial fields and earthen burial mounds in the Mapuche society of Chile is presented. This study reveals that monument building is related to the changing social relations between different groups and to a set of historically contingent factors ‐ i.e., long‐term kinship sedimentation, residential contiguity of related lineages, protection of land use rights, and profitable alliance‐making and trade‐exchange affairs. Increased social and political complexity are achieved by a few local chiefs when they regulate the annual itinerary of multiple ceremonial events at special ceremonial sites. The corresponding spatial and architectural expressions of these relations are discussed, as well as their broader implications.
Observation of a giant pulse time structure produced by a storage ring FEL

Abstract A fast steering magnet (gain modulator) allows redistribution of free electron laser (FEL) power into a series of high peak power pulses. In this paper, we report experimental study of properties of giant pulses depending on the FEL settings and pulse repetition rate. Localized growth of the electron energy spread, caused by the interaction of the electron beam and the optical pulse, is experimentally demonstrated.
Acute Toxicity of Propylene Glycol: An Assessment Using Cultured Proximal Tubule Cells of Human Origin

The present study assess the acute toxicity of propylene glycol (propane-1,2-diol, PD) using cultured human proximal tubule (HPT) cells as the model. Confluent monolayers of HPT cells were treated with 0-263 mM (0-2%) isotonic solutions of racemic, sinister, and rectus PD (rac-, S-, and R-PD, synonym: DL-, L-, and D-PD, respectively). Release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and of preloaded 51Cr as markers of in vitro toxicity, were increased by PD in a time- and concentration-related manner, suggesting significant PD-induced damage of the HPT cell membrane. These toxic effects reached an apparent maximum within 2 hr. Further studies were performed to determine whether adverse effects of PD may occur prior to development of membrane damage. Because significant membrane damage was not apparent during the first 15 min of PD exposure, cellular release of lactate and accumulation of glucose were studied after preincubating cells in PD (treated) or pH 7.4 buffer (control) for 10 min. PD significantly increased the subsequent release of lactate by concentration- and enantiomer-dependent mechanisms with R-PD being the most potent agent. PD also inhibited the Na(+)-independent, carrier-mediated glucose accumulation without significant effects on the Na(+)-dependent pathway. These data suggest a rapid onset of cellular toxicity even when the plasma membrane integrity and viability remained apparently normal. The present studies show significant toxic effects of PD and suggest that a primary culture of HPT cells may be useful in evaluating the toxicity of xenobiotics.
Acoustic character and thickness of sediments of the Indus Fan and the continental margin of western India

Abstract Several acoustic-sediment layers, with interval velocities ranging from 1.9 to 3.8 km/sec are present in the Indus Fan; the basal layers with velocities 3.0 to 3.8 km/sec appear to follow the structural trends of the basement and may have been influenced mainly by pelagic sedimentation whereas the top layers with lower velocities were deposited by turbidite sedimentation. Although sediment thickness in the Indus Fan in general varies from > 5 sec (> 10 km) in the proximal fan to
Efficient Resource Provisioning and Rate Selection for Stream Mining in a Community Cloud

Real-time stream mining such as surveillance and personal health monitoring, which involves sophisticated mathematical operations, is computation-intensive and prohibitive for mobile devices due to the hardware/computation constraints. To satisfy the growing demand for stream mining in mobile networks, we propose to employ a cloud-based stream mining system in which the mobile devices send via wireless links unclassified media streams to the cloud for classification. We aim at minimizing the classification-energy cost, defined as an affine combination of classification cost and energy consumption at the cloud, subject to an average stream mining delay constraint (which is important in real-time applications). To address the challenge of time-varying wireless channel conditions without a priori information about the channel statistics, we develop an online algorithm in which the cloud operator can dynamically adjust its resource provisioning on the fly and the mobile devices can adapt their transmission rates to the instantaneous channel conditions. It is proved that, at the expense of increasing the average stream mining delay, the online algorithm achieves a classification-energy cost that can be pushed arbitrarily close to the minimum cost achieved by the optimal offline algorithm. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the analysis.
Surface temperature of the Arctic: Comparison of TOVS satellite retrievals with surface observations

Abstract Surface temperature is a fundamental parameter for climate research. Over the Arctic Ocean and neighboring seas conventional temperature observations are often of uncertain quality, however, owing to logistical obstacles in making measurements over sea ice in harsh environmental conditions. Satellites offer an attractive alternative, but standard methods encounter difficulty in detecting clouds in the frequent surface-based temperature inversion and when solar radiation is absent. The Television and Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder Polar Pathfinder (TOVS Path-P) dataset provides nearly 20 yr (1979–98) of satellite-derived, gridded surface skin temperatures for the Arctic region north of 60°N. Another dataset based on surface observations has also recently become available. The International Arctic Buoy Program/Polar Exchange at the Sea Surface (IABP/POLES) project provides a gridded near-surface air temperature dataset based on optimally interpolated observation...