cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Array calibration by Fourier series parameterization: stochastic maximum likelihood solution

A truncated Fourier series is proposed to approximate an array's response. Based on this model and a calibration procedure, the log-likelihood function is derived. An antenna array's response was computed using a numerical electromagnetic method. Based on this array response a calibration was simulated. Direct maximization of the log-likelihood function allowed for full azimuthal calibration with low error and required only 40 sources. >
The resurrection of spironolactone on its golden anniversary.

68-year-old Native American housewife who lived on an Indian reservation in Nevada had been under the care of a family practice physician for congestive heart failure (CHF). She had had an acute myocardial infarction (MI) 4 years ago. Left ventricular failure was first noted 18 months ago, and the patient was kept in a compensated state on multidrug therapy until 10 weeks ago when her CHF did not respond to her current regimen. Her medications included digoxin 0.125 mg daily, furosemide 40 mg twice a day, enalapril 20 mg every morning, carvedilol 25 mg twice a day, atorvastatin 20 mg every night at bedtime, ezetimibe 10 mg every night at bedtime, and a salt-poor diet. Physical examination revealed the following: fine moist rales were heard in the right base, there was an S 3 , S 4 , a grade 2/4 mitral and a grade 1/4 aortic systolic murmur. The point of maximal impulse was diffuse at the fifth intercostal space on the anterior axillary line. An electrocardiogram revealed an old anteroseptal MI, a brief run of ventricular premature beats, and the average heart rate was 76/min; the blood pressure was 135/70 mm Hg. Serum electrolyte levels were within the normal range, and the blood sugar and urea nitrogen levels were normal. A consultation with a cardiologist based at a medical school was obtained via the Internet. After a thorough review of the patient’s medical history, the addition of eplerenone 25 mg twice a day was recommended, and serum electrolyte levels were to be followed up. Improvement was gradual but definite, and after 4 weeks the patient was asymptomatic, with no hepatojugular reflex and no arrhythmias. The family physician continued weekly and later monthly contact with the universitybased cardiologist. QUESTIONS 1. Eplerenone, a new selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), was introduced to obviate the adverse effects of spironolactone. Eplerenone has which of the following functions? a. binds to mineral corticoid receptors b. replaces spironolactone therapy c. an adjunct in the treatment of hypertension (HTN) and CHF d. all of the above
Accounts Receivable Confirmation Usage And Effectiveness: Perceptions Of Practicing CPAs

This paper reports the results of a questionnaire survey of practicing auditors regarding their assessment of the competence and effectiveness of the accounts receivable confirmation auditing procedure. The respondents indicated they regularly use positive and negative confirmations in practice, and they rated the evidence provided by negative confirmations as significantly lower than for positives. Also, the respondents perceived the detection rate for positive and negative confirmations to be a 20 to 40 percentage points higher than rates reported form empirical research. Thus, auditors may be over-estimating the effectiveness of this auditing procedure and facing higher levels of audit risk than they anticipate.
A Record Minimum Sea Level Pressure Observed in Hurricane Gilbert

Abstract On 13 September 1988, Hurricane Gilbert attained an extreme minimum sea level pressure, estimated to be 885 hPa from aircraft reconnaissance reports at the time. Postseason analysis indicates that the flight-level pressure, P, upon which this figure is based requires correction upward. In typhoons with sea level pressures <900 hPa, comparison between sea level pressures measured by dropsonde and those estimated by the same method used in Gilbert indicates that, in addition to the error in P, the estimation has a bias toward low pressure. Although the aircraft did not release a dropsonde in the eye at minimum pressure, it is possible to calculate hydrostatic sea level pressures by assuming a variety of plausible thermal structures below flight level. With corrected P, both the statistical extrapolation with its bias removed and the hydrostatic calculations show that a revised value of 888 ±2 hPa is closer to the true minimum sea level pressure. The standard deviation of the various approximations ...
Abstract 300: increasing radiation dose enhances immunotherapy efficacy and together prolongs tumor dormancy in a subgroup of mice treated for advanced intracerebral melanoma

Previously we developed a clinically relevant therapy model for advanced intracerebral B16 melanomas in syngeneic mice combining radiation and immunotherapies. Here seven days after B16F10Luc2 melanoma cells were implanted intracerebrally (D7), syngeneic mice with bioluminescent tumors that had formed (1E105 to 7E106 photons/minute (>1E106, large (L); Citation Format: Henry M. Smilowitz, Peggy Micca, Daniel Sasso, Qian Wu, Nathanial Dyment, Lynn Kuo. increasing radiation dose enhances immunotherapy efficacy and together prolongs tumor dormancy in a subgroup of mice treated for advanced intracerebral melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 300. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-300
Sacroiliac Joint Degeneration: Forgiving, But Not to Be Forgotten: Commentary on an article by Jonathan-James T. Eno, MD, et al.: "The Prevalence of Sacroiliac Joint Degeneration in Asymptomatic Adults"

The sacroiliac joint is a diarthrodial articulation that transmits loads between the upper body and the lower extremities. In this capacity, this cartilage-lined joint—hyaline cartilage on the sacrum and fibrocartilage on the ilium—experiences multiplanar motion limited by an extremely sturdy multiligamentous complex. Biomechanical calculations by Vleeming et al.1 determined that these movements can generate high friction at the articular surface that may, understandably, culminate in age-related degenerative changes. Since Goldwaite and Osgood2, in 1905, first suggested that the sacroiliac joint could be the potential cause of pain, clinicians have struggled to determine when these degenerative changes constitute true debilitating pathology versus the forgiving adaptations of an aging joint. In contrast to the clinical emphasis given to other major joints, the sacroiliac joint has been virtually forgotten historically. Our interest in the physiologic function and pathologic potential as well as surgical indications for nontraumatic conditions of the sacroiliac joint over the past several decades, however, has intensified3. This heightened awareness was probably initiated by our appreciation of the hazards of adjacent motion …
Rationality and Constraints on Democratic Rule

There are various reasons why one might prefer democratic rule over alternative institutions.1 One might believe it is the most rational way to maximize preference satisfaction, or that it does the best job of giving persons the socially beneficial illusion that preference satisfaction is being maximized, or that it is the fairest way to make collective social decisions, or that it gives persons the socially beneficial illusion of being the fairest, or that it is—though highly defective on grounds of both utility and fairness—still less defective than any alternative mechanism, or that certain societies are simply used to it and any radical change would be disruptive, or some combination of all of these considerations.
Migrant mortality in Qatar

We read with interest the report by Al-Thani and co-workers on the epidemiology of occupational injuries in Qatar [1]. Their report is based on data from Hamad Hospital, the only designated hospital for the treatment of major injuries in the country. For the year 2012 they report an overall occupational injury rate of 40.65/100,000 and for the period 2010–2013 a yearly occupational fatality rate of 1.58/100,000. These rates are similar to reported injury rates in the United States where overall yearly injury rates have been reported to range from 13/100,000 for non-Hispanic Whites in the State of Washington, to 54/100,000 for Hispanic workers in Massachusetts [2,3]. With respect to fatal occupational injuries, The USA Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a rate of 3.4/100,000 for the year 2012 [4]. All authors declare no conflict of interest in writing this letter. Language: en
Differing Nursery Production Systems Impact Cost of Planting Oak Species in the Urban Environment

Urban foresters must be able to accurately assess costs associated with planting trees in the built environment, especially since resources to perform community forest management are limited. Red oak (Quercus rubra) and swamp white oak (Q. bicolor) (n = 48) that were produced using four different nursery production systems—balled and burlapped (BNB), bare root (BR), pot-in-pot container grown (PIP), and in-ground fabric (IGF)—were evaluated to determine costs of planting in the urban environment. Costs associated with digging holes, moving the trees to the holes, and planting the treeswere combined to determine the mean cost per tree: BNB trees cost $11.01 to plant, on average, which was significantly greater than PIP ($6.52), IGF ($5.38), and BR ($4.38) trees. Mean costs for BR trees were significantly lower than all other types of trees; IGF trees were less expensive to plant (by $1.14) than PIP trees, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.058). Probabilities that cost per tree are less than specific values also are calculated. For example, the probabilities that IGF and BR can be planted for less than $8.00 per tree are 1.00. The probability that a PIP can be planted for less than $8.00 is 0.86, whereas the probability for a BNB tree is just 0.01. This study demonstrates that the cost of planting urban trees may be affected significantly in accordance with their respective nursery production method.
Roads Paved with Good Intentions: Street Sweeping Management Practices

In Chapter Three, it was shown that street sweepers have different attributes, depending upon the mechanism type, that make them more or less effective under specific environmental conditions. Mechanical brush sweepers, for instance, appeared to be most effective in areas where large grained Sediments were predominant, whereas vacuum sweepers were most useful in picking up fines and paper litter. Furthermore, the cost of purchasing and operating these machines also varied based on machine type with mechanical sweepers being less expensive than vacuum and combined sweepers. Obviously, this could be prohibitive to some communities. With this in mind, therefore, it was anticipated that street sweeping management techniques would vary spatially, depending upon local environmental conditions and on the availability of resources (Figure 6.1).
An Overview of Government Ethics Standards

Federal, state and local governments impose detailed ethics restrictions on their employees. The substantive ethics restrictions vary in their details across federal, state and local jurisdictions. Some place significant restrictions on the kinds of partisan political activities their employees can engage in; others do not. The precise contours of gift restrictions vary considerably, from how broadly the gift ban is defined to how many exceptions exist. While most jurisdictions have anti-nepotism statutes, there is considerable variation regarding what types of relatives are covered. These variations reflect the fact that ethics standards are generally the result of legislative action, and legislatures often come up with different solutions to the same problem. This memorandum describes restrictions on the financial interests, associations and activities of current and former government employees that fit under the rubric of “government ethics.” It does not catalog every government ethics restriction adopted by all federal, state and local jurisdictions. Instead, it uses as a template the standards that apply to the federal government’s executive branch. The federal executive branch ethics standards may not be a perfect model for other jurisdictions to emulate, but it is a mature system of government ethics regulation, having been developed and implemented over several decades. It provides one example of what a comprehensive system of ethics regulation looks like. Part II of this memorandum describes in some detail the full range of ethics restrictions that apply to federal executive branch employees, from conflicts of interest to restrictions on the types of work they can perform after leaving the government. In discussing government ethics, it is important to focus not just on substantive restrictions but also on the mechanisms and structures that implement those restrictions. Ethics laws are not self-executing, and a jurisdiction that has tough ethics standards but fails to implement them leaves itself vulnerable to corruption and abuse. The third part of this memorandum discusses these different designs for implementing government ethics restrictions. The fourth part of the memorandum then examines the degree to which other jurisdictions have adopted variations of these restrictions. For example, with regard to financial interests, the federal government imputes to the employee the financial interests of some – but not all family members: the employee’s spouse and minor children. Other jurisdictions have taken a broader approach, imputing the interests of domestic partners, adult children, siblings, parents, or members of an employee’s household. While there is a consensus that governments should regulate the financial interests of their employees, there is not a consensus about how broadly or narrowly to define those interests.
Triassic notostracans in the Newark Supergroup, Culpeper Basin, Northern Virginia

Fossilized notostracan carapaces and abdominal fragments are present in the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Bull Run Formation in the Culpeper Basin near Manassas, Virginia. Over 250 notostracan carapaces and carapace fragments and three abdominal fragments with attached caudal rami were collected from light olive-gray, grayish-red, and brownish-gray shales in three on-strike localities. Carapace and abdomen are attached in one specimen. The Culpeper Basin notostracans have a rudimentary supra-anal plate and are identified as Triops cf. cancriformis. Their carapaces are indistinguishable from those of modern forms.Relatively few notostracan fossils are known and none have been reported previously from the Triassic of North America. Triassic notostracans, however, have been reported from Europe and Africa. Fossil notostracans have been reported from North America only once previously, from the Permian of Oklahoma.The notostracans are associated with conchostracans (Cyzicus sp.), ostracodes (Darwinula sp.), fish scales, insects, plant fragments, and stromatolites.The notostracan-bearing beds are present at the top of a transgressive-regressive sequence, indicating that the notostracans inhabited shallow water near the edge of a perennial lake. Palynology indicates that these beds are most likely mid- to late-Rhaetian in age.
Urinary excretion kinetics of salicyluric acid.

SummaryThe data obtained in both man and dog indicate that the excretion of salicyluric acid following i.v. injection of the compound can be described as fitting an open, mammillary 2-compartment system. The data indicate, in agreement with the findings of other investigators, that the excretion of salicyluric acid following administration of acetylsalicylate or salicylate is limited by the ability to conjugate salicylate with glycine rather than the excretion capacity of the kidney. Indirect measurement of the rate of synthesis of salicylurate after oral administration of acetylsalicylate by measurement of the rate of salicylurate excretion may be useful as an index of liver function. The procedure is simple and the analytical techniques are easily automated.
Some Basic Nutritional Requirements of Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle Larvae

Two artificial media were used to determine some nutritional requirements for development of newly hatched larvae of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) into adults. Under the test conditions, the larvae required a sterol, inositol, and potassium to become adults. Cholesterol, cholesterol acetate, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol were utilized; but cholestanol and not. Deletion from the media of choline and any of the B-vitamins, except riboflavin, greatly reduced adult emergence when the test larvae were obtained from eggs dissected from elm wood. When the test larvae hatched from eggs from artificial media, none survived on media lacking niacin amide, calcium pantothenate, riboflavin, pyridoxin, or folic acid. Deletion of biotin signiticantly reduced adult emergence. Larval survival on biotin-deficient media increased after 1 mg of biotin had been added to the oviposition medium of their parents.
RESEARCH ON A STRUCTURE DAMAGE INDICATOR

A new structure damage indicator was expatiated which was obtained through calculating the correlation function of structure response under white noise.In this article,it was obtained through calculating the correlation function of steel frame structure displacement response.Damages were made at the top of one first floor column and four damage conditions were considered.The indicator change percentage curves with the damage degree were plotted.The results of numerical simulation show that the indicator change percentage changes monotonously with damage degree.It is sensitive to minor damage and it has some potential to judge and evaluate the structure damage.
Educational management of children asthma

Objective To study the effect of systematic educational management on the quality of life in asthmatic children. Methods 130 asthmatic children which were selected in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2014,were randomly divided into observation group with systematic educational management and control group with conventional education management,with 65 cases in each group.To evaluate the quality of life in asthmatic children and to compare the different educational management on the influence of efficacy and life quality by Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire(PAQLQ)between the two groups. Results The symptoms,the activities,the emotions and the total score of children with PAQLQ after educational management in observation group were higher than control group,the differences was statically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Systematic educational management of children asthma could improve the treatment effect and quality of life and provide the new medical mode.
Human herpesvirus 6.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a relatively recently discovered virus. Although systematic studies on the spread of this virus are lacking, considerable data have been collected regarding the prevalence of HHV-6 infection. A number of laboratory methods are available for the diagnosis of HHV-6 infection, but currently these tests are usually available only in research laboratories. HHV-6 has been implicated in a number of infectious and lymphoproliferative and malignant diseases. While the relationship between HHV-6 and human immunodeficiency virus is not yet clear, HHV-6 has been shown to cause exanthema subitum and acute febrile illness in young children. At this time no adequate antiviral therapy is available for HHV-6 infection.
Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema (BCRL)

After undergoing treatment for breast cancer, many patients endure lifelong problems, such as lymphedema (LE), musculoskeletal problems, and psychosocial problems. Every patient with breast cancer-related LE (BCRL) should be assessed thoroughly for physical and psychological needs by a multidisciplinary team. In recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the diagnosis and treatment of BCRL. BCRL will be discussed in detail in this chapter.
Probabilistic assessment of an interdependent healthcare–bridge network system under seismic hazard

AbstractStrong earthquakes can destroy infrastructure systems and cause injuries and/or fatalities. Therefore, it is important to investigate seismic performance of interdependent infrastructure systems and guarantee their abilities to cope with earthquakes. This paper presents an integrated probabilistic framework for the healthcare–bridge network system performance analysis considering spatial seismic hazard, vulnerability of bridges and links in the network, and damage condition of a hospital at component and system levels. The system level performance is evaluated considering travel and waiting time based on the damage conditions of the components. The effects of correlation among the seismic intensities at different locations are investigated. Additionally, the correlations associated with damage of the investigated structures are also incorporated within the probabilistic assessment process. The conditional seismic performance of the hospital given the damage conditions of the bridge network and the...
Teaching finance ethics

This article seeks to promote the study of ethics in the finance curriculum by providing an organizing framework of ethical issues in finance, a discussion of theoretical approaches to these issues, a listing of the main ethical problems in finance, and suggestions about resources and materials.
Definitions, General Scope, and Limitations of Resinography

Science is based on description. Even before the scientific age, natural materials were described in terms of visible and sensible properties, such as color, odor, feel, relative density, and so on. Since most materials are complex, it soon became necessary to consider composition (that is, the kind and proportion of individual recognizable components present in the combination). Only then could the material be depended upon for some intended purpose, let us say building a house. These three aspects of materials are worth considering more carefully: Description is the graphic (vivid) recording of an image or impression, either in words or by means of a picture. It may be general or detailed, and on any scale. Composition includes the qualitative and quantitative statement of components. The source of information is analysis, and the derived facts need analytical interpretation. Properties are characteristic qualities or quantities (numbers) which serve to identify a material in a unique way, either as a peculiarity or as an attribute common to members of a class.
Stargates: Managing Stigma, Challenging Representations, and Mediating Identity Through Narrative

This study employs narrative in order to examine circumstances wherein identity constructs and self-image are reconstituted in the face of oppressive circumstances. The authors of this article, both art educators/academics, explore the role of narrative processes at the intersection of an “art education of place” purposed to reinterpret extant lifeworlds and mediate premature identity foreclosures. Narrative methods open portals for the authors to express both the challenges and the merit of reconciling our identities as African American males and professional educators who navigate predominantly White institutions. In this article, we juxtapose two selected life episodes narrated in order to examine the spaces between iterations of our lifeworlds; our situational, relational, and oppositional responses to various oppressive conditions; and our navigation of the stigmas and stressors inherent therein. These stories and their analysis are presented as an exemplar of the mediation of contemporary identity a...
Thermodynamic origin of nonimaging optics

Thermodynamic origin of nonimaging optics Lun Jiang, a and Roland Winston, a* a University of California, Merced Abstract. Nonimaging Optics is the theory of thermodynamically efficient 1 optics and as such depends more on thermodynamics than on optics. Hence in this paper a condition for the best design is proposed based on purely thermodynamic arguments, which we believe has profound consequences for the designs of thermal and even photovoltaic systems. This new way of looking at the problem of efficient concentration depends on probabilities, the ingredients of entropy and information theory while “optics” in the conventional sense recedes into the background. Much of the paper is pedagogical and retrospective. Some of the new development of flowline designs will be introduced at the end and the connection between the thermodynamics and flowline design will be graphically presented. We will conclude with some speculative directions of where the new ideas might lead. Keywords : nonimaging optics, thermodynamics, geometric flowline, *Corresponding author, email to:rwinston@ucmerced.edu Introduction Nonimaging Optics is the theory of thermodynamically efficient optics and as such depends more on thermodynamics than on optics. It is by now a key feature of most solar concentrator designs. What is the best efficiency possible? When we pose this question, we are stepping outside the bounds of a particular subject. Questions of this kind are more properly in the province of thermodynamics which imposes limits on the possible (like energy conservation) and the impossible (like transferring heat from a cold body to a warm body without doing work). And that is why the fusion of the science of light (optics) with the science of heat (thermodynamics), is where much of the excitement is today. When the problem of maximal concentration from extended sources was first confronted 2 , the tools of Hamiltonian mechanics were utilized, because classical geometrical optics was concerned with “point sources” 3,4 . In this paper we first present the failure of classical point source optics. The purpose to repeat the illustration of this paradox, is to show that, the conventional point and line understanding of geometric optics cannot fully represent the nature of the physics behind modern optical designs.
Stain-Free Structural and Molecular Histopathology using Programmable Supercontinuum Pulses

Generation and programmable shaping of widely-coherent supercontinuum pulses enables multimodal multiphoton imaging for basic science investigations of carcinogenesis and novel biomarkers for clinical cancer diagnostics and monitoring.
Metabolic health across the BMI spectrum in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men.

Objectives:In the general population, metabolic health often declines as BMI increases. However, some obese individuals maintain metabolic health. HIV and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with metabolic disturbances. We hypothesized that HIV-infected (HIV+) men on suppressive antiretrovir
Competency for Effectiveness in Diverse and Global Environments

There is a large and growing literature on diversity and inclusion that has focused on three main areas: (a) the effects of diversity on a range of outcomes at multiple levels and in different cont...
Reducing diabetes distress and improving self-management with mindfulness

Stress associated with diabetes makes managing diabetes harder. We investigated whether mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) could reduce diabetes distress and improve management. We recruited 38 participants to complete an MBSR program. Surveys and lab values were completed at baseline and post-intervention. Participants showed significant improvement in diabetes-related distress (Cohen's d -.71, p < .002), psychosocial self-efficacy (Cohen's d .80, p < .001), and glucose control (Cohen's d -.79, p < .001). Significant improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, coping, self-compassion, and social support were also found. These results suggest that MBSR may offer an effective method for helping people better self-manage their diabetes and improve mental health.
Language: What's Wrong and Why

The papers presented by Churchill and Rutter contain a rich amount of data on the “language features” in the behavior of autistic children. From these data the authors have reached several conclusions about what these features are, the causes of their appearance, and some questions about the explanations that have been provided thus far. In this discussion I will summarize what appear to be agreements and disagreements between the two researchers in these areas, and then express my own views. Unlike Churchill and Rutter, I have not done extensive research with autistic children. Therefore, I am relying on observations from the literature about these children and my own work on the language development of normally developing children and children classified as aphasic or dysphasic to reach some tentative conclusions about what may be wrong with the language of autistic children and why.
Separation as a Tradition

Understandings of constitutional commitments obviously change over time, and those changes are typically accounted for in one of two ways, which might be called the "evolving principle" account and the "it's all just politics" account. This paper develops a third, more Burkean account of constitutional change, in which constitutional commitments are understood as rooted in traditions which reflect ethical commitments that are more than mere "politics" but are not reducible to articulable principles. "Tradition" thus challenges and seeks to dissolve standard polarities between "principle" and "politics," "reason" and "custom," "theory" and "practice," and "top-down" versus "bottom-up." The paper then explores the implications of this more tradition-oriented approach to the constitutional commitment to "separation of church and state," arguing that the best judicial expression of a traditionalist perspective occurs in the much maligned religion clause opinions of Chief Justice Warren Burger.
Lining Adhesives Used in Paintings Conservation, An Introduction

The lining process is described as a method by which a new cloth material is adhered to the back of a painting whose canvas is decayed to such an extent that it can no longer support itself. Due to the close relationship of the paint film to the canvas, the activation parameters employed in the lining process are at risk of changing the appearance of the paint film. The constraints the adhesive and adhering process must be activated under are discussed.
3.09 – Bioinorganic Neurochemistry

Sodium, potassium, and calcium are, in many respects, the cornerstones of neuronal signaling, but d-block metal ions also play important roles in brain function. The brain has unique needs for metalloenzymes that use iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, and in some cases the metal ions themselves have distinct roles. This chapter provides an overview of the movement, allocation, and uses of metal ions in various brain regions, cell types, and diseases, with emphasis on areas of particular interest to bioinorganic chemists, especially those areas where molecular details await to be uncovered.
Attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to lettuce leaf surface and bacterial viability in response to chlorine treatment as demonstrated by using confocal scanning laser microscopy.

Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to observe the location of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on and within lettuce leaves. Sections of leaves (ca. 0.5 by 0.5 cm) were inoculated by submersion in a suspension of E. coli O157:H7 (ca. 107to 108CFU/ml) overnight at 7°C. Fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled antibody was used to visualize the attached bacteria. E. coli O157:H7 was found attached to the surface, trichomes, stomata, and cut edges. Three-dimensional volume reconstruction of interior portions of leaves showed that E. coli O157:H7 was entrapped 20 to 100 μm below the surface in stomata and cut edges. Agar plate culturing and microscopic observation indicated that E. coli O157:H7 preferentially attached to cut edges, as opposed to the intact leaf surface. Dual staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled antibody and propidium iodide was used to determine viability of cells on artificially contaminated lettuce leaves after treatment with 20 mg/liter chlorine solution for 5 min. Many live cells w...
The Worldview of an Integrated Psychotherapy

This last chapter departs from a discussion of the theories and methods of psychotherapy and psychotherapy integration. Instead, it contains some thoughts about the worldview of psychology, psychotherapy in general, and the nature of theory and epistemology in the study of human beings.
Patients' Hopes for Advanced Cancer Treatment

Abstract Context Little is known about the hopes patients with advanced (incurable) cancer have for their treatment. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the treatment hopes of advanced cancer patients, factors associated with expressing specific hopes, and the persons with whom hopes are discussed. Methods We surveyed 265 advanced cancer patients in the U.S. about their hopes for treatment at the baseline and after three months. We developed a taxonomy of hopes for treatment, which two investigators used to independently code patient responses. We explored associations between hopes for cure and patient covariates. Results We developed eight categories of hopes. We were able to apply these codes reliably, and 95% of the patient's responses fit at least one hope category. The hope categories in order of descending baseline prevalence were as follows: quality of life, life extension, tumor stabilization, remission, milestone, unqualified cure, control not otherwise specified, and cure tempered by realism. Most patients reported discussing hopes with partners, family/friends, and oncologists; a minority reported discussing hopes with nurses, primary care physicians, clergy, or support groups. In logistic regression analysis, unqualified hopes for cure were more likely in younger patients and in those who did not endorse discussing their hopes with primary care physicians. Conclusion Advanced cancer patients harbor a range of treatment hopes. These hopes often are not discussed with key members of the health care team. Younger age and lack of discussion of hopes with primary care physicians may lead to less realistic hopes for cure.
Genetic control of maltase synthesis in yeast. IV. Function of the MAL4 gene: extragenic suppression of a maltase negative mutant.

A new series of maltase negative mutants have been isolated from yeast strains carrying the MAL4 gene. These mutants are allelic to the MAL4 gene and fail to ferment maltose, sucrose, and alphamethylglucoside. Most revertants isolated from these mutants restore the ability to ferment above sugars, and also produce the same levels of maltase as the parental strains. One of the revertants (NA-520-R1), however, ferments maltose slowly, and produces 24 fold less enzyme than the parental strain. Genetic studies revealed that revertant (NA-520-R1), is not a truc back mutation but is carrying an extra-genic suppressor, which suppresses the mal4 allele in mutant (NA-520). Since several lines of published evidence indicate that the MAL4 gene is a regulatory gene, it is suggested that the MAL4 gene codes for a regulatory protein, which acts as positive regulatory element in maltase synthesis.
Dynamics and Topology of Coherent Structures in a Plane Wake

We report results of the study of coherent structures (CS) using numerical simulations of the transition region of a compressible, (subsonic), spatially evolving wake behind a thick splitter plate at moderately high Re. The numerical model solves the time-dependent, gasdynamic, conservation equations using the Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) algorithm and directional timestep-splitting techniques. The three-dimensional flow dynamics in the regions of vortex formation and near-wake are investigated by examining their response to cross-stream sinusoidal spanwise excitation at the inflow. The results show evidence of vortex reconnection processes leading to the formation of staggered vortex loops in the saddle regions between spanwise rollers of opposite sign.
Mechanisms of aluminum-induced neurodegeneration in animals: Implications for Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract For four decades the controversial question concerning a possible role for aluminum neurotoxicity in contributing to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been debated, and studies by different investigators have yielded contradictory results. The lack of sensitivity to aluminum neurotoxicity in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease has not allowed the system to be used to explore important aspects of this toxicity. Rabbits are particularly sensitive to aluminum neurotoxicity and they develop severe neurological changes that are dependent on dose, age and route of administration. The most prominent feature induced by aluminum in rabbit brain is a neurofibrillary degeneration that shares some similarity with the neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's disease patients. In the present review we discuss data from our laboratory and others, on the effects of aluminum on behaviour, neurologic function and morphology, using aluminum administered to rabbits via different routes. Finally, we will examine data on the possible cellular mechanisms underlying aluminum neurotoxicity, and potential neuroprotective strategies against aluminum toxicity.
Gaming the Mind and Minding the Game: Mindfulness and Flow in Video Games

Mindfulness has received growing attention in recent years as a method for improving well-being. Closely connected is flow, the state of mind one achieves when completely absorbed in an activity. This chapter explores the connections between mindfulness, flow, and video games. Conclusions show that video games are useful for inducing a flow state, which can lead to mindfulness through relaxation, enhanced concentration, improved mood, reduced stress, and greater empathy. While mindfulness and flow can be achieved through a variety of games, certain video games, such as Playne, have also been developed with the specific goal to improve mindfulness. Given the proliferation of video games for computers, consoles, and mobile devices, video games serve as readily-available tools for teaching mindfulness and improving overall well-being.
On the Effects of Channel Sparsity on Joint Estimators in Aeronautical Telemetry

Minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) equalizers are a viable solution to mitigate the frequency selectivity of the aeronautical telemetry channel. Because the MMSE equalizer filter coefficients are a function of the carrier frequency offset (CFO), the equivalent discrete-time channel, and the noise variance, reliable estimates of those parameters are required. The CFO is due primarily to the high velocity of the airborne transmitter. Because the equivalent discrete-time channel in aeronautical telemetry is sparse, the performance of the joint estimator based on a sparse channel estimator is superior to the performance of a traditional nonsparse maximum-likelihood-inspired joint estimator. The improvement is seen in lower estimator error variances for the parameters, particularly for the CFO and channel estimate, and in the postequalizer bit-error rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the postequalizer bit-error rate using the sparse estimator is almost as good as that using ideal estimators.
Laboratory evaluation of a personal aethalometer for assessing airborne carbon nanotube exposures

Aethalometers are direct-reading instruments primarily used for measuring black carbon (BC) concentrations in workplace and ambient atmospheres. Aethalometer BC measurements of carbon nanotubes (CN...
Democratizing Access to Neurosurgical Medical Education: National Efforts in a Medical Student Training Camp During Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background National medical student surveys amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–driven subinternship cancellations have demonstrated the need for supplemental, standardized subspecialty medical education, mentorship, and career planning nationally. We have presented the first live, cross-institutional virtual medical student subspecialty training camp to deliver standardized neurosurgical educational content to medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its results on medical student anxiety and perceptions of neurosurgery. Methods The online training camp used a video conferencing platform that was open to all medical students. A post-training camp survey was administered. Results A total of 305 medical students registered for the event from 107 unique U.S. medical schools. Of the 305 medical students, 108 reported intending to apply to neurosurgery residency in 2021. The top medical student objectives for the training camp were program networking and mentorship. Of the 305 participants, 121 (39.7%) completed the post-training survey. Of the respondents, 65.0% reported improved neurosurgical knowledge, 79.8% reported decreased anxiety about subinternships and interviews, 82.5% reported increased enthusiasm about neurosurgery, and 100% desired a future annual virtual training camp because of the increased accessibility and decreased cost. This was especially important for students at institutions without home subspecialty programs and those with financial burdens. Conclusions COVID-19–driven innovations in medical education have accelerated changes that may have long been necessary. This virtual structure improved resource usage and scalability compared with in-person training, maintained social distancing, and democratized access to standardized, specialized content not often available through traditional medical curricula. Even as a supplement to in-person events, the virtual training camp model could be implemented by national medical societies, which might significantly increase medical students' preparedness for, and education in, neurosurgery and other subspecialties.
Mentoring Black Men in Medicine

In recent years, there have been multiple publications about the dearth of Black men in medicine. Appreciating the fact that underrepresented minority physicians disproportionately care for America's underserved communities, the lack of diversity in health care is particularly disturbing. Of imminent concern is the critical shortage of Black men doctors. In this Perspective, the authors contend that while mentoring is often considered among the most important strategies to increase the number of Black men in medicine, unique challenges in this demographic can diminish its effectiveness. Among these challenges are below average primary school educational experiences and a general mistrust of society on the part of Black men, as well as difficulties overcoming stereotypes and social biases that others hold against them. Furthermore, acknowledging that mentorship is paramount in achieving success in the medical field, the authors provide a framework to assist mentors in recognizing and addressing situations and obstacles that may disrupt the mentoring relationship and hinder its potential to best serve Black men pursuing advancement in medicine. This framework is represented by the acronym RACE: Reluctance to discuss race, Access to mentors, Cultural mistrust and racial concordance, and Empathy.
Influence of milling atmosphere on the structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Fe40Co30Ni30

Abstract We explored the impact of milling atmosphere on the structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Fe40Co30Ni30. Powders mechanically alloyed (MA) in argon (MA-Ar) and ambient (MA-Air) atmospheres were micron-sized constituting nanocrystalline γ phase. The MS of MA-Air was less than the MS of MA-Ar by a modest ~6%, while MR and HCI of MA-Air were higher than that of MA-Ar by ~19% and ~28%, respectively. Both MA-Ar and MA-Air exhibited phase transformation γ → α (Fe) + γ (Fe deplete) between ~725 K and ~800 K. Thermal treatment of MA-Ar and MA-Air powders increased MS and decreased HCI and MR. Range of Value Method-based utility function analyses assigned MA-Air the highest utility value, among the as-prepared and thermally-treated alloy powders, suitable as a precursor for sequential mechanical alloying of non-ferromagnetic elements to fabricate semi-hard magnets.
Parametrix for a semiclassical subelliptic operator

We demonstrate a parametrix construction, together with associated pseudodifferential operator calculus, for an operator of sum-of-squares type with semiclassical parameter. The form of operator we consider includes the generator of kinetic Brownian motion on the cosphere bundle of a Riemannian manifold. Regularity estimates in semiclassical Sobolev spaces are proven by establishing mapping properties for the parametrix.
Real-world experience with elective discontinuation of PD-1 inhibitors at 1 year in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Background Randomized trials evaluating programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in metastatic melanoma either permitted treatment for 2 years (pembrolizumab) or more (nivolumab). The optimal duration of therapy is currently unknown due to limited data, and shorter therapies may be effective. Methods Data of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma treated with single-agent PD-1 inhibitors at Huntsman Cancer Institute from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018, was reviewed to identify a continuous series of patients who made the joint decision with their provider to electively discontinue therapy at 1 year (>6 months and Results Of 480 patients who received PD-1 inhibitors, 52 met the inclusion criteria. The median treatment duration from first to the last dose was 11.1 months (95% CI 10.5 to 11.4). BOR was complete response in 13 (25%), partial response in 28 (53.8%), and stable disease in 11 (21.2%) patients. After a median follow-up of 20.5 months (range 3–49.2) from treatment discontinuation, 39 (75%) patients remained without disease progression, while 13 (25%) had progression (median PFS 3.9 months; range 0.7–30.9). On multivariable analysis, younger age, history of brain metastasis, and higher lactate dehydrogenase at the time of anti-PD-1 discontinuation were associated with recurrence. Patients with recurrent melanoma were managed with localized treatment, anti-PD-1 therapies, and BRAF-MEK inhibitors. All patients except one were alive at data cutoff. Conclusion In this large real-world, observational cohort study, the majority of patients with metastatic melanoma after 1 year of anti-PD-1 therapy remained without progression on long-term follow-up. The risk of disease progression even in patients with residual disease on imaging was low. After prospective validation, elective PD-1 discontinuation at 1 year may reduce financial and immunotherapy-related toxicity without sacrificing outcomes.