cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation of water-rock interaction in the yellowstone geothermal system using TOUGHREACT

The Yellowstone geothermal system provides an ideal opportunity to test the ability of reactive transport models to accurately simulate water-rock interaction. Previous studies of the Yellowstone geothermal system have characterized water-rock interaction through analysis of rocks and fluids obtained from both surface and downhole samples. Fluid chemistry, rock mineralogy, permeability, porosity, and thermal data obtained from the Y-8 borehole in Upper Geyser Basin were used to constrain a series of reactive transport simulations of the Yellowstone geothermal system using TOUGHREACT. Three distinct stratigraphic units were encountered in the 153.4 m deep Y-8 drill core: volcaniclastic sandstone, perlitic rhyolitic lava, and nonwelded pumiceous tuff. The main alteration phases identified in the Y-8 core samples include clay minerals, zeolites, silica polymorphs, adularia, and calcite. Temperatures observed in the Y-8 borehole increase with depth from sub-boiling conditions at the surface to a maximum of 169.8°C at a depth of 104.1 m, with near-isothermal conditions persisting down to the well bottom. 1-D models of the Y-8 core hole were constructed to determine if TOUGHREACT could accurately predict the observed alteration mineral assemblage given the initial rock mineralogy and observed fluid chemistry and temperatures. Preliminary simulations involving the perlitic rhyolitic lava unit are consistent with the observed alteration of rhyolitic glass to form celadonite.
Global cytoskeletal control of mechanotransduction in kidney epithelial cells

Studies of mechanotransduction mediated by stress-sensitive ion channels generally focus on the site of force application to the cell. Here we show that global, cell-wide changes in cytoskeletal structure and mechanics can regulate mechanotransduction previously shown to be triggered by activation of the mechanosensitive calcium channel, polycystin-2, in the apical primary cilium of renal epithelial cells [S.M. Nauli, F.J. Alenghat, Y. Luo, E. Williams, P. Vassilev, X. Li, A.E. Elia, W. Lu, E.M. Brown, S.J. Quinn, D.E. Ingber, J. Zhou, Polycystins 1 and 2 mediate mechanosensation in the primary cilium of kidney cells. Nat. Genet. 33 (2003) 129-37]. Disrupting cytoplasmic microfilaments or microtubules in these cells eliminated fluid shear stress-induced increase of intracellular calcium. Altering the cytoskeletal force balance by inhibiting actomyosin-based tension generation (using 2,3-butanedione monoxime), interfering with microtubule polymerization (using nocodazole, cochicine, or taxol), or disrupting basal integrin-dependent extracellular matrix adhesions (using soluble GRGDSP peptide or anti-beta1 integrin antibody), also inhibited the calcium spike in response to fluid stress. These data indicate that although fluid stress-induced displacement of the primary cilium may be transduced into a calcium spike through activation of polycystin-2 and associated calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular stores, this mechanotransduction response is governed by global mechanical cues, including isometric tension (prestress) within the entire cytoskeleton and intact adhesions to extracellular matrix.
Effects of Calving Season and Milk Yield on Pregnancy Risk and Income in North Carolina Holstein Cows

Effects of season of calving and milk yield and their potential interaction on days from calving to last breeding were investigated using survival analysis and an economic model in 2000 Holstein cows that calved during 1989 and 1990. The final Cox proportional hazards model included lactation number, calving season, and herdmate deviation FCM. The interval from calving to last breeding ranged from 40 to 570 d. Compared with cows that calved in fall, cows that calved in summer were two-thirds as likely to become pregnant. Conversely, cows calving in winter or spring were more likely to become pregnant. Milk yields beyond approximately 8025 kg lowered the risk of pregnancy. The interaction of season and yield was nonsignificant, suggesting that these factors may act independently to affect reproduction. Lower pregnancy rates associated with high yield were detected earlier postpartum than were lower rates associated with calving in summer. Within each season, higher yield offset the lower income over feed costs associated with poorer reproductive performance. Nevertheless, summer calving lowered income over feed costs per cow per year by $98, $2, $176, and $68 for low, medium to low, medium to high, and high yielding cows, respectively.
Maximum-likelihood density modification

A likelihood-based approach to density modification is developed that can be applied to a wide variety of cases where some information about the electron density at various points in the unit cell is available. The key to the approach consists of developing likelihood functions that represent the probability that a particular value of electron density is consistent with prior expectations for the electron density at that point in the unit cell. These likelihood functions are then combined with likelihood functions based on experimental observations and with others containing any prior knowledge about structure factors to form a combined likelihood function for each structure factor. A simple and general approach to maximizing the combined likelihood function is developed. It is found that this likelihood-based approach yields greater phase improvement in model and real test cases than either conventional solvent flattening and histogram matching or a recent reciprocal-space solvent-flattening procedure [Terwilliger (1999), Acta Cryst. D55, 1863–1871].
Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols on the Indian Monsoon

Abstract A six-member ensemble of twentieth-century simulations with changes to only time-evolving global distributions of black carbon aerosols in a global coupled climate model is analyzed to study the effects of black carbon (BC) aerosols on the Indian monsoon. The BC aerosols act to increase lower-tropospheric heating over South Asia and reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface during the dry season, as noted in previous studies. The increased meridional tropospheric temperature gradient in the premonsoon months of March–April–May (MAM), particularly between the elevated heat source of the Tibetan Plateau and areas to the south, contributes to enhanced precipitation over India in those months. With the onset of the monsoon, the reduced surface temperatures in the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and over India that extend to the Himalayas act to reduce monsoon rainfall over India itself, with some small increases over the Tibetan Plateau. Precipitation over China generally decreases due to...
Acute modulation of adrenal chromaffin cell BK channel gating and cell excitability by glucocorticoids.

Although adrenal glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone (CORT) have numerous “genomic” effects on adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, acute modulatory actions remain largely unknown, despite rap...
Autologous Tumor Rejection in Humans: Trimming the Myths

There is overwhelming evidence that the human immune system can keep in check the growth of autologous tumors. Yet, this phenomenon is rare and most often tumors survive striking a balance with the host's immune system. The well-documented coexistence of immune cells that can recognize cancer and their targets within the same host is reminiscent of chronic allograft rejection well-controlled by immune suppression or of a lingering tissue-specific autoimmune reaction. In this review, we argue that autologous tumor rejection represents a distinct form of tissue-specific rejection similar to acute allograft rejection or to flares of autoimmunity. Here we discuss similarities within the biology of these phenomena that may converge into a common immunological constant of rejection. The purpose is to simplify the basis of immune rejection to its bare bones critically dissecting the significance of those components proposed by experimental models as harbingers of this final outcome.
Occupancy and Abundance Modeling of the Endangered Yellowcheek Darter in Arkansas

The Yellowcheek Darter (Etheostoma moorei) is a rare fish endemic to the Little Red River watershed in the Boston Mountains of northern Arkansas. Remaining populations of this species are geographically isolated and declining, and the species was listed in 2011 as federally endangered. Populations have declined, in part, due to intense seasonal stream drying and inundation of lower reaches by a reservoir. We used a kick seine sampling approach to examine distribution and abundance of Yellowcheek Darter populations in the Middle Fork and South Fork Little Red River. We used presence data to estimate occupancy rates and detection probability and examined relationships between Yellowcheek Darter density and environmental variables. The species was found at five Middle Fork and South Fork sites where it had previously been present in 2003–2004. Occupancy rates were >0.6 but with wide 95% CI, and where the darters occurred, densities were typical of other Ozark darters but highly variable. Detection probabilit...
Welfare and Direct Taxation

DISCUSSION of the issue of the welfare effects of direct, as compared with indirect, taxes have been greatly clarified by the recent contributions of Mr. Little and Professor Friedman.l Both of them show that the usual method of using indifference curves to prove the superiority of income tax over sales tax makes "no overt reference to marginal costs. Yet it is well known that nothing can be proved without some such reference."2 They employ an alternative mode of analysis which is designed to take account of conditions of cost of production. Before the appearance of their articles, Professor Boulding showed the comparative welfare effects of proportional, progressive, and regressive income taxes by the use of indifference curves. His conclusion is that, even if the same amount of revenue is exacted, an individual is better off under a proportional than under a progressive income tax and still better off under a regressive one.3 Friedman questions the validity of Boulding's result because he thinks Boulding is one of those who base their arguments on a fallacious proof, although Friedman does not set out his criticism in detail.4 Since Boulding's results, if valid, are of great significance and since the weak point of his analysis cannot be derived directly from Friedman's contributions, it is the purpose of this paper to show the limitations of Boulding's conclusion, which, if known, would deprive it of much of its generality and usefulness. Professor Boulding's diagram is reproduced in Figure 1. Money income is measured along the Y-axis and work along the X-axis. The indifference curves show the individual's scale of preference between work and income. The slope of OQs represents the rate of pay. If there is no income tax, the highest indifference curve which OQs can touch is Pi. Suppose now that a tax equal to OL is to be levied on the individual. One way to tax the individual would be to collect a flat sum independent of the amount earned. The opportunity line net of tax is then LP,o. This is tangent to an indifference curve at Plo. To com-
Supercritical Fluids in Confined Geometries

Understanding the influence of confinement on the structure and thermodynamic properties of supercritical fluids in pores of different surface chemistry and topology is fundamental to the successful development and optimization of the variety of technologies involving fluid–solid interactions. Adsorption behavior of supercritical fluids (SCFs) is fundamentally different from that of subcritical vapors and this chapter begins with a general description of the specifics of the supercritical adsorption. Presented examples illustrate the capability of SAS methods to deliver unique, pore-size-dependent information on the properties of supercritical CO, hydrogen, methane, and other fluids confined in pores of different engineered and natural porous solids. Applications of SAS for studying pore interconnectivity and structural stability of porous materials under pressure are also discussed.
Expeditious dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization without glassing agents

The hyperpolarization of metabolic substrates at low temperature using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), followed by rapid dissolution and injection into an MRSI or NMR system, allows in vitro or in vivo observation and tracking of biochemical reactions and metabolites in real time. This article describes an elegant approach to sample preparation which is broadly applicable for the rapid polarization of aqueous small-molecule substrate solutions and obviates the need for glassing agents. We demonstrate its utility for solutions of sodium acetate, pyruvate and butyrate. The polarization behavior of substrates prepared using rapid freezing without glassing agents enabled a 1.5-3-fold time savings in polarization buildup, whilst removing the need for toxic glassing agents used as standard for dissolution DNP. The achievable polarization with fully aqueous substrate solutions was equal to that observed using standard approaches and glassing agents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management, Curation, and Preservation of Geospatial Data: Introductory Perspectives

The need for management, curation, and preservation of geospatial data has become more apparent as geospatial technologies and their supporting infrastructures have matured. Furthermore, as the use...
The Bear Claw Drywall Repair Clips: Bringing A New Product To Market

The Bear Claw case provides students, among several lessons, a cautionary tale of an entrepreneur taking a new product to market on their own. John DiGate obtained a patent for his product, the Bear Claw, in 2001. The product provides a unique and effective method of repairing holes in drywall. The patent attorney working on the case was so impressed with the product that he offered to do the patent work at no charge in return for a percentage of the company. Despite some early positive successes, such as winning the Retailers Choice Award at the National Hardware Show in Chicago and having the opportunity to demonstrate the product on the QVC television network, the product has not achieved commercial success. After reading the case, students should appreciate the effort and investment that was made in attempting to commercialize this idea. They will observe that critical steps, such as marketing research and environmental scanning, were, for the most part, ignored. By the end of the case analysis, students should develop an appreciation of the importance of key marketing concepts in launching a new product and be better prepared if faced with a similar situation later in their careers.
Leakage of central venous catheter locking fluid by hemodynamic transport

Central venous catheters are often filled when not in use with an anticoagulating fluid, usually heparinized saline, known as the locking fluid. However, the use of the locking fluid is associated with known risks because of "leakage" of the lock. A new hypothesis is proposed here to explain the lock fluid leakage: that the leakage is due to advective and diffusive mass transfer by blood flow around the catheter tip in situ. On the basis of previous in vitro experiments, the leakage mechanism has been hypothesized to be fluid motion driven by buoyancy forces between the heavier blood and the lighter locking fluid. The current hypothesis is justified by a simple one-dimensional mass transfer model and more sophisticated three-dimensional computational hemodynamic simulations of an idealized catheter. The results predict an initial, fast (<10 seconds) advection-dominated phase, which may deplete up to 10% of the initial lock, followed by a slow diffusion-limited phase which predicts an additional 1-2% of leakage during a 48 hour period. The current results predict leakage rates that are more consistent with published in vivo data when compared with the buoyancy hypothesis predictions, which tend to grossly overestimate leakage rates.
Selection of Fats by Dermestid Beetles, Dermestidae

Populations of dermestid beetles generally thrive on fatty meats and do poorly on diets low in fats. The animals apparently require lipids to remain healthy, to complete their life cycle in optimum time, and to produce large broods. The larvae of Attagenus piceus develop faster and have a lower mortality on a diet that includes fish meal than on one that lacks the meal (Griswold, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem., 240, 1941). In Dermestes vulpinus fat is necessary for maximum egg production and healthy larvae. Beetles restricted to a diet of dry, lean meat produced few eggs. The larvae were sluggish and many died; those that matured were undersize (Russell, Jour. Mamm., 28: 284–287, 1947). Materials that normally are unsavory to beetles can be made more or less attractive to them when the materials are coated with oil. Dermestes will clean specimens that have been preserved in alcohol if the specimens are first soaked in water and dipped in bacon grease or beef fat (de la Torre, Jour. Mamm., 32 : 231–232, 1951). These and other studies make it clear that fats are …
Meeting Personal Challenges and Solving Personal Problems Through the Words of Christ

Herein is presented a program designed to assist any person having a meaningful faith in God, the scriptures, and the prophets to successfully meet any personal-emotional problem that is psychogenic. It has and can be used by an individual working on his own, adjuactively with counseling, or in a group setting. The orientation instructions which follow were written to serve as a guide for an individual working on his own with a specific challenge or problem. However, they are also given to individuals using the program in the other two settings.
The Communication Terminal for Transmission Line Monitoring Based on ARM

This article presents the design of communication terminal for transmission line monitoring based on ARM.This terminal uses AT91SAM9260 processor as the hardware platform and embedded Linux OS as the software platform.And it obtains data from monitoring terminals and uploads data to the center of transmission line monitoring system through private optical communication network,wireless private network or wireless public network.The monitoring data of transmission lines under various kinds of special environments can have standard,security and intelligent access.
Simple discuss safety culture for electric enterpise

Safety culture is of safe consciousness.Safety is an everlasting theme for society and enterprise.Being in alarm bell,staying prepared against adversities in times of peace,thinking of progress while taking about challenge,struggling hard can be carried out by strengthening the construction of safe culture and intensifying all society's safe consciousness.Setting up safe mind of people foremost,strengthening staff and citizen's selves protection.
Fluid and electrolyte therapy.

A comprehensive discussion of treatment of various types of disorders requiring fluid and electrolyte therapy, according to the process causing the derangement. Includes correction of acute disturbances of fluid and electrolyte metabolism and prolonged electrolyte losses, as well as renal insufficiency.
Impaired Renal Allograft Function: A Comparative Study with Angiography and Histopathology

We reviewed 47 renal transplant recipients who had undergone angiography and transplant biopsy to evaluate impaired allograft function. Angiographic criteria for rejection were seen in all allografts with hyperacute rejection, accelerated rejection and chronic rejection, and in 13 of 17 allografts with acute cellular rejection. Angiography was normal in allografts with vasomotor nephropathy or transplant glomerulopathy. Angiography is an accurate method for the diagnosis of most causes of post-transplant dysfunction.
Modified Earpieces and CROS for High Frequency Hearing Losses

Persons with a high frequency hearing loss are difficult cases for whom to find suitable amplification. We have experienced some success with this problem in our Hearing Clinics using a specially d...
Cheating on Tests: Prevalence, Detection, and Implications for Online Testing

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the detection and prevention of cheating on tests. Studies dating back to the 1960s indicate that cheating on tests is fairly common, being admitted to by some 15–45 % of college students surveyed. As numerous forms of cheating on tests have been documented, numerous observers have noted that the problem of cheating on tests is addressed far less commonly than it occurs. This is unfortunate because the existence of statistical methods for detecting copying appears to be little known among instructors using multiple choice tests and examinations. It is found that students adapt to unproctored online testing over time by collaborating. While various forms of collaboration in online tests are used, the easiest and the most common way is for students to take the test together. In addition, it is helpful to employ a variety of indices available for monitoring answer concordance in tests. Time-based correlations, such as plots of unusual answer similarity versus an index of unusual temporal similarity, may be useful in detecting collaboration in online testing and can potentially detect collaboration when students have few incorrect responses.
Phosphorus Transport in Runoff from a Small Agricultural Watershed

Impacts of phosphorus (P) discharges on receiving waters depend on the magnitude of loadings and their P bioavai lability which varies for various phosphorus forms. To advance the understanding of P transport in agricultural runoff, the main nonpoint source of P, seasonal and short-term variabilities in P forms were studied. Total phosphorus (TP), total paniculate phosphorus (TPP) and total suspended sediment (SS) concentrations were measured in runoff from the Nissouri Creek agricultural watershed. About 54% of TP in runoff was associated with sediment particles (>0.45 µm). The remaining 46% of TP was transported in the dissolved form, as soluble P (SP). Significant correlations were found between TPP and the inorganic fraction of suspended sediments (IS), and SP and the organic matter concentration in suspended sediments (OS). None of the phosphorus forms studied correlated well with runoff volumes. TP, SP and TSS concentrations varied substantially during runoff events and during the year. Higher proportion of paniculate P were typically observed at the time when runoff volumes were high, often during the early phase of runoff. Highest TP and SP concentrations were measured in spring and fall runoffs exceeding those in summer runoffs by an order of magnitude. The suspended sediments concentrations in spring and fall runoffs were, however, two orders of magnitude higher than those in the summer runoffs.
Contracting for Information Acquisition

This chapter considers a supply chain scenario where a producer employs a seller to sell a product over a single sales season. The seller is engaged in two types of activities, gathering market information and generating sales. The producer benefits from both of these activities. In particular, the market information improves the producer’s demand forecast and thus her production planning. However, both activities require the seller to exert costly effort. Employing a stylized principal-agent model, we characterize the optimal performance of forecast-based contracts and menus of linear contracts. While forecast-based contracts have been widely used in practice, the academic literature suggests that menus of linear contracts are superior when agents are costlessly endowed with private information about the market condition. This chapter discusses that the relative performance of these two classes of contracts is more nuanced than what the literature suggests. In particular, when information acquisition is costly, forecast-based contracts may outperform menus of linear contracts.
Anti-claudin 18.2 antibody as new targeted therapy for advanced gastric cancer

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized treatment of various cancers in the past decade. Despite targeted therapy with trastuzumab in Her2-positive gastric cancer patients, survival has been dismal, mostly due to disease progression and toxicity related to the treatments. One area of active development is looking for ideal monoclonal antibodies (IMAB) specific to the proteins only on the tumor and hence avoiding unnecessary side effects. Claudin proteins with isoform 2 are one such protein, specific for several cancers, particularly gastric cancer and its metastases, leading to the development of anti-claudin 18.2 specific antibody, claudiximab. This review will highlight the latest development of claudiximab as first in class IMAB for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Delay-Adaptive Predictor with Estimation of Actuator State

In Chapter 7 we solved the problem of adaptive stabilization in the presence of a long and unknown actuator delay, under the assumption that the actuator delay state is available for measurement. In this chapter we dispose of this assumption.
Abstract 505: Somatic and inherited riboSnitches inTPT1andLCP1mRNA secondary structures

RiboSnitches are single nucleotide variants that change the secondary structures of RNA. These structural changes can have a regulatory or functional impact on the RNA. Many inherited single nucleotide variants function as riboSNitches. We wanted to investigate the potential of somatic mutations to act as riboSNitches. We determined the secondary structure of two cancer-associated mRNAs, TPT1 and LCP1, using the chemical probing SHAPE-Map technique. Both of these mRNAs are highly structured and have similar folds in vivo and in vitro. We analyzed the structural impact of all the synonymous somatic mutations identified in the COSMIC cancer sequencing database for both TPT1 and LCP1 mRNAs. In TPT1 we also tested several inherited variants. We found that both somatic and inherited variants can be riboSNitches, at approximately the same ratio. Our results are in accord with previous work indicating that ~15% of SNVs are capable of acting as riboSNitches. Although the impact of non-coding and synonymous somatic mutations are difficult to measure, it is becoming clear that these mutations can contribute to cancer progression and phenotype. The majority of our identified riboSNitches are detrimental according to FATHMM-MKL functional impact prediction. Our experiments indicate that a substantial fraction of somatic mutations can cause a measurable change to RNA structure, potentially changing the regulatory or functional behavior of that mRNA. Citation Format: Lela L. Lackey, Aaztli Coria, Chanin Tolson, Evonne McArthur, Alain Laederach. Somatic and inherited riboSnitches in TPT1 and LCP1 mRNA secondary structures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 505. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-505
Major surgery diminishes systemic arginine availability and suppresses nitric oxide response to feeding in patients with early stage breast cancer

Summary Background & aims Plasma arginine (ARG) levels are reduced in breast cancer, suggesting diminished systemic ARG availability. ARG and its product nitric oxide (NO) are important in early postoperative recovery due to its roles in immune function and wound healing. It remains unclear whether major surgery further diminishes systemic ARG availability due to enhanced ARG catabolism and/or insufficient endogenous ARG synthesis negatively affecting NO synthesis in patients with early stage breast cancer. Methods In 9 women with early stage breast malignancy and 9 healthy women with genetic predisposition to breast cancer, whole body ARG and citrulline (CIT) rates of appearances were measured to determine their production rates prior to and within 24 h after major breast surgery by stable isotope methodology in the postabsorptive and postprandial state. The conversions of CIT > ARG, ARG > CIT, and ARG > Urea (markers of de novo ARG and NO synthesis, arginase activity, respectively), and ARG clearance (reflecting ARG disposal capacity) were calculated. Results Prior to surgery, plasma ARG, CIT and glutamine concentrations were lower in cancer ( P ARG ( P P CIT conversion ( P P P = 0.06) concentrations were lower after surgery. The cancer group had lower values for postprandial increase in ARG > CIT conversion, plasma CIT ( P P = 0.08). Conclusions Major surgery in early stage breast cancer further reduces systemic ARG availability in the early phase of recovery due to a combined process of increased ARG catabolism and impaired endogenous ARG synthesis. The suppressed postprandial NO increase in early stage cancer suggests that specific nutritional approaches are advised to increase ARG availability after major surgery although the effects on postoperative recovery remain unclear. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00497380 .
Mobile Phones in Conflict-Stressed Environments: Macro, Meso and Microanalysis

According to different levels of analysis, mobile phones not only survive but thrive in conflict-stressed environments. In low- and middle-income countries mobile phone penetration correlates with a state’s level of economic, political, and social development. In contrast, levels of cellular phone use do not relate to a country’s security instability. Conflict-stressed states are as likely (or not) to have high levels of mobile phone penetration as secure states. We then look at the case of Iraq and its post-invasion communications sector. Since the 2003 war, Iraq has seen the world’s second highest level of annual growth in mobile phone penetration and has been rated as the region’s most competitive mobile phone market. The Coalition Provisional Authority did a good job in setting up independent state regulation of the sector, though due to corruption and mismanagement they poorly handled financial elements. In contrast, the current Iraqi government is showing signs of political regression, threatening the independent regulation of the sector and therefore the sector’s continued strong growth. Finally, in post-conflict Liberia we examine how and why individuals make use of their mobiles. We find that among rural and urban populations, respondents report using their phone for business purposes, to connect with family and friends, and even as a technological curiosity. But common across all groups of respondents is an appreciation of the phone as an instrument for safety and security.
Exploring the role of CENP-A Ser18 phosphorylation in CIN and Tumorigenesis

Chromosome instability (CIN) contributes to the development of many cancer. In this paper, we summarize our recent finding that a novel pathway by which FBW7 loss promotes Centromere Protein A (CENP-A) phosphorylation on Serine 18 through Cyclin E1/CDK2, therefore promoting CIN and tumorigenesis. Our finding demonstrates the importance of CENP-A post-translational modification on modulating centromere and mitotic functions in cancer.
Broadband terahertz spectrometry through plasmonic photomixers

We present a novel heterodyne terahertz spectrometry scheme based on plasmonic photomixing, which is capable of offering large dynamic ranges and broad spectrometry bandwidths at room temperature.
Transgenderpersonen, medische transitie en de invloed op werk

Transgenderpersonen hebben gemiddeld gezien een slechtere socio-economische positie dan niet-transgenderpersonen. Dit onderzoek is een literatuuronderzoek naar (1) de effecten van medische transitie op werk, (2) internationale opleidings- en werkloosheidscijfers, en (3) geformuleerde adviezen voor werkgevers. Meeste onderzoeken beschrijven hogere werkloosheidscijfers (tot 43%) onder transgenderpersonen, ondanks een relatief groot aandeel hoger opgeleiden. Werkloosheid in klinische samples lijkt lager dan in populatiesamples, wat kan wijzen op socio-economische barrieres tot zorg. Medische transitie leidt veelal tot beperkte uitval op het werk en op de langere termijn tot hogere werktevredenheid, binding met de werkgever en betere socio-economische positie. De werkgever is verantwoordelijk voor een veilige en ondersteunende werkomgeving. Rondom medische transitie kan gesproken worden over de coming-out, aanspreekvormen en tijdsplanning van de medische transitie. Over de structurele barrieres op de Nederlandse en Belgische arbeidsmarkt is weinig bekend en ook de ervaringen van transgenderwerknemers/werkzoekenden en werkgevers zijn onderwerpen voor vervolgonderzoek.
Origen y evolución de la propaganda política en la España democrática (1975-2000): Análisis de las técnicas y de los mensajes en las elecciones generales del año 2000

El presente estudio se centrara en el analisis de las tecnicas y mensajes utilizados en la propaganda politica difundida por television por los principales partidos espanoles –Partido Popular (PP) y Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol (PSOE)– en las elecciones generales del ano 2000. Tras exponer cual es el sistema electoral que rige en Espana, se esbozaran con brevedad las escasas referencias que existen sobre nuestro tema para, a continuacion, explicar la regulacion vigente sobre propaganda politica en periodo electoral y concluir con el analisis de contenido y la codificacion de los spots difundios en el periodo electoral mencionado siguiendo el modelo propuesto por la profesora Lynda Kaid.
Social Interactions in Virtual Worlds: Patterns and Profiles of Tween Relationship Play

This chapter examines the importance of online social interactions and relationship play among tweens (10–13-year-olds) on Whyville.net, a tween virtual world populated by over 1.5 million users. Using log files and representative case studies among 595 players, three levels of quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. First, frequency analyses of participation across all realms of play within Whyville identified social gameplay and avatar construction among the top 4 (of 13) categories of play. Second, cluster analyses grouped players into peripheral gamers (59%), semicore gamers (34%), and core gamers (7%) based on their pattern of participation among all categories of Whyville, which included social, economic, information seeking, and gaming activities. The third level of analyses delved into the exploration of relationship play using representative case studies from each cluster. These analyses revealed that players were open with their willingness to experiment with virtual flirting (e.g., throwing objects/projectiles, buying gifts, dancing, making out), dating, and engaging in multiple (often brief) relationships. The findings suggest that tweens are actively exploring and experimenting with social and relationship play online.
Maxwell’s Equations and Plane Wave Propagation

In this chapter, many of the equations and concepts fundamental to later developments are presented. The discussion beg ins with a statement of Maxwell’s equations and a short discussion of what additional information is necessary to find solutions to them. This discussion leads to the concept of constitutive relations. The presentation turns to the discussion of wave propagation in the medium with the simplest constitutive relations, that of free space. Monochromatic plane waves are taken up as the simplest of solutions to Maxwell’s free space equations. Energy propagation is introduced through the construct of Poynting’s vector. This vector then is used in a discussion of the physical reality of plane wave solutions, which by nature must be truncated. The discussion then turns to that of polarization and its representation in terms of complex numbers. The following section takes up the more realistic case of the propagation of polychromatic plane waves. The section’s presentation is motivated by a discussion of the nature of thermal electromagnetic sources and the concepts of stimulated and spontaneous emission. The Poynting vector is then generalized to the polychromatic case. The introduction of the Wiener-Khintchine theorem allows discussion to turn to spectra of nonthermallight sourees. A brief discussion of quasi-monochromatic Jones vectors is then used to introduce the concept of polychromatic polarization and its description in terms of Stokes parameters.
Student Attitudes Regarding Gender Bias in Performance Evaluations of Salespeople

This study examined how students believe salesperson gender impacts evaluations of salesperson performance. Students reviewed job performance information about either male or female salespeople. The information had purportedly been prepared by the salesperson's supervisor and indicated the level of performance as high or low. Students were asked how they thought the salesperson's supervisor might respond to the performance in terms of rewards (promotion, pay increases) for high performers and corrective measures (termination, counseling) for low performers. The results indicated that students believe that supervisors would more readily reward high performing males than females with identical performances. In contrast, students believed that supervisors would react more punitively toward low performing males than females with identical performances.
Bayesian modeling of inconsistent plastic response due to material variability

Abstract The advent of fabrication techniques such as additive manufacturing has focused attention on the considerable variability of material response due to defects and other microstructural aspects. This variability motivates the development of an enhanced design methodology that incorporates inherent material variability to provide robust predictions of performance. In this work, we develop plasticity models capable of representing the distribution of mechanical responses observed in experiments using traditional plasticity models of the mean response and recently developed uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques. To account for material response variability through variations in physical parameters, we adapt a recent Bayesian embedded modeling error calibration technique . We use Bayesian model selection to determine the most plausible of a variety of plasticity models and the optimal embedding of parameter variability. To expedite model selection, we develop an adaptive importance-sampling-based numerical integration scheme to compute the Bayesian model evidence. We demonstrate that the new framework provides predictive realizations that are superior to more traditional ones, and how these UQ techniques can be used in model selection and assessing the quality of calibrated physical parameters.
The Need and Rationale for a Coastal Flood Risk Index

There is need for an index for estimating and communicating the potential storm surge and inundation caused by land-falling hurricanes. In 2003, the U.S. Congress passed a law which was signed by the Administration that funded the creation of such an index which would be in keeping with the well-known Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Index. We propose a formula for such an index by simplifying the Navier-Stokes momentum and conservation equations configured for a hurricane about to make landfall onto a coast. Two mechanisms, one by the alongshore, and the other by the cross-shore wind stress are formulated and their relative role are discussed. The formula used the information of, besides the main driving force of hurricane wind stress, hurricane translation speed, water depth, hurricane size (fetch), and topographic slope. Other factors that affect the surge height, such as the Sea Level Rise, tidal, surface air pressure and others, can be easily added to the estimated surge height and therefore to the estimate of the inundation potential. An example is given in which the surge height calculated using the proposed formula matched the observed values for Hurricane Andrew. The impact of Sea Level Rise on the inundated area estimated using the proposed formula are compared against the ones obtained with full dynamic models.
Preferred Stock Awards: A Novel Idea for Manager Compensation:

Congress should allow a unique class of preferred shares whose dividends are tax-deductible as long as a significant majority of senior management compensation is in the form of these shares. Tax-d...
Systematic review of the evidence on the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics-guided treatment for cardiovascular diseases.

To examine the evidence on the cost-effectiveness of implementing pharmacogenomics (PGx) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) care. We conducted a systematic review using multiple databases from inception to 2018. The titles and abstracts of cost-effectiveness studies on PGx-guided treatment in CVD care were screened, and full texts were extracted. We screened 909 studies and included 46 to synthesize. Acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation were the predominantly studied conditions (59%). Most studies (78%) examined warfarin–CYP2C9/VKORC1 or clopidogrel–CYP2C19. A payer’s perspective was commonly used (39%) for cost calculations, and most studies (46%) were US-based. The majority (67%) of the studies found PGx testing to be cost-effective in CVD care, but cost-effectiveness varied across drugs and conditions. Two studies examined PGx panel testing, of which one examined pre-emptive testing strategies. We found mixed evidence on the cost-effectiveness of PGx in CVD care. Supportive evidence exists for clopidogrel–CYP2C19 and warfarin–CYP2C9/VKORC1, but evidence is limited in other drug–gene combinations. Gaps persist, including unclear explanation of perspective and cost inputs, underreporting of study design elements critical to economic evaluations, and limited examination of PGx panel and pre-emptive testing for their cost-effectiveness. This review identifies the need for further research on economic evaluations of PGx implementation.
Implementation findings from an effectiveness-implementation trial of tablet-based parent training in pediatric primary care.

INTRODUCTION The use of mobile delivery to deliver parent training can address barriers to access and improve the translation of interventions in existing settings like pediatric primary care. Studying implementation provides critical information to identify and address barriers and facilitators and inform sustainability efforts. METHOD This study was a descriptive evaluation using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework as part of a Hybrid Type I Effectiveness-Implementation trial of the ezParent Program within 4 pediatric primary care clinics. We collected data before, during, and after implementation to evaluate provider implementation and their perspectives on program benefits and barriers to implementation. RESULTS On average, 14% of eligible parents were introduced to the study. Of these parents, 78% expressed interest in participating and 37% enrolled in the study. Seventy-eight percent of staff providers (n = 36) implemented the procedures at least once, and among those who implemented 3 or more times (n = 24), 79% maintained implementation for 6 months. Barriers to implementation include limited time, lack of information, and full practice buy-in and engagement. DISCUSSION Implementation fidelity may improve with additional education and training of the interdisciplinary team, clear messaging regarding the purpose and content of the ezParent program, defining roles within the care team, identifying practice champions, and use of the electronic health record. Findings from this evaluation, including data from the randomized controlled trial and literature to support intervention effectiveness and implementation, will be used to develop an implementation toolkit to include specific strategies for implementation and ideas for local adaptations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Standardized warfarin monitoring decreases adverse drug reactions.

While warfarin is the most commonly prescribed medication to prevent thromboembolic disorders, the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR) poses a serious concern. This prospective study evaluated how primary care providers (PCP) and cardiologists at our Institution managed patients treated with warfarin with the goal of decreasing the number of warfarin ADRs. A multidisciplinary anticoagulation task force was established at our Institution in 2014 to standardize warfarin monitoring and management. Between 2013 and 2017, we analyzed patients who were prescribed warfarin by their PCP or cardiologist upon hospital discharge and in the ambulatory setting to determine the international normalized ratio (INR) within 5, 10, and 30 days after discharge, time in therapeutic range (TTR), number of severe warfarin ADRs, and total and average cost reduction of all severe warfarin ADRs to determine whether there was an organizational cost savings following the implementation of standardized warfarin care. The warfarin ADR rate significantly decreased over the 5-year period, from 3.8 to 0.98% (p < 0.0001). The proportion of warfarin prescriptions out of all anticoagulants significantly decreased, from 72.2 to 42.1% (p < 0.001). The proportion of individuals who received an INR at 5, 10, and 30 days after hospital discharge compared to the total number of patients prescribed warfarin significantly increased (p < 0.001). The total cost of severe warfarin ADRs decreased by 57.6% between 2013 and 2017. This study serves as a model to reduce the number of severe warfarin ADRs by the following tactics: (1) educating PCPs and cardiologists about evidence-based guidelines for warfarin management, (2) increasing the use of our Institution’s electronic warfarin module, and (3) enhancing patient compliance with obtaining INR.
Transport mechanisms in iontophoresis. III. An experimental study of the contributions of electroosmotic flow and permeability change in transport of low and high molecular weight solutes.

The objective of this research was to provide in vitro transport data designed to clarify the relative importance of permeability increase and electroosmotic flow in flux enhancement via iontophoresis, Iontophoretic fluxes were measured with both anode and cathode donor cells, and passive fluxes were measured both before iontophoresis (Passive 1) and after iontophoresis (Passive 2). Data were generated for three uncharged low molecular weight solutes (glycine, glucose, and tyrosine) and two high molecular weight anionic species (carboxy inulin and bovine serum albumin). Flux enhancement is greater for anodic delivery than for cathodic delivery, even for the negatively charged molecules, and anodic flux of glucose decreases as the concentration of NaCl increases. Both observations are consistent with a mass transfer mechanism strongly dependent on electroosmotic flow. Steady-state anodic flux at 0.32 mA/cm2, expressed as equivalent donor solution flux (in µl/hr cm2), ranged from 6.1 for glycine to about 2 for the large anions. As expected, iontophoretic flux is higher at 3.2 mA/cm2 than at 0.32 mA/cm2, and passive flux measured after iontophoresis is about a factor of 10 greater than the corresponding flux measured before the skin was exposed to electric current. There are two mechanisms for flux enhancement relative to passive flux on “fresh” hairless mouse skin: (1) the effect of the voltage in increasing mass transfer over the passive diffusion level, the effect of electroosmotic flow dominating this contribution in the systems studied in this report; and (2) the effect of prior current flow in increasing the “intrinsic permeability” of the skin. Both effects are significant. Based on theoretical results given elsewhere, theoretical values for flux were calculated and compared with the experimental data. While agreement between theory and experiment was only qualitative in several cases, most of the data are predicted quantitatively by the theory.