cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Computational Modeling of H-Bonded Arginine-Tyrosine Groupings in Aprotic Environments.

H-bonds between neutral tyrosine and arginine in nonpolar environments are modeled by small-molecule phenol/guanidine complexes. From the temperature and concentration dependence of UV spectra, a value of ΔH° = −74 ± 4 kJ mol–1 is deduced for the formation of H-bonded p-cresol/dodecylguanidine in hexane. ΔE = −71 kJ mol–1 is computed with density functional theory (in vacuo). In dimethyl sulfoxide or crystals, (p-phenolyl)alkylguanidines form head-to-tail homodimers with two strong H-bonding interactions, as evidenced by UV, IR, and NMR spectral shifts, strong IR continuum absorbance bands, and short O···N distances in X-ray crystal structures. Phenol/alkylguanidine H-bonded complexes consist of polarizable rapidly interconverting tautomers, with the proton shift from phenol to guanidine increasing with increase in the polarity of the aprotic solvent. As measured by NMR, both groups in these strongly H-bonded neutral complexes can simultaneously appear to be predominantly protonated. These systems serve a...
Medical and developmental outcomes of bevacizumab versus laser for retinopathy of prematurity

Background Infants with stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone I or zone II posterior were randomized to initial treatment with bevacizumab or laser in a multicenter trial (BEAT-ROP). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of bevacizumab on nonophthalmologic outcomes. Methods At one study site, inborn infants of Results Of the 18 infants enrolled at our site, 16 (7 bevacizumab, 9 laser) were evaluated for medical and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-28 months' corrected age. For each of the groups, the medians and ranges of growth percentiles were low compared with norms for healthy infants. The ranges for Bayley III developmental scores were also low relative to expected norms for healthy infants. There were no significant differences between the bevacizumab and laser therapy groups in weight (median percentile: bevacizumab, 18; laser, 7), length, head circumference, cerebral palsy, or Bayley scores (median Cognitive Composite Score: bevacizumab, 85; laser, 65). There was a significant difference in length of hospital stay (median days, 98 vs 140 days) favoring the bevacizumab group. Conclusions In this patient cohort 2-year follow-up evaluation of infants treated with bevacizumab versus laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity showed no adverse effects on medical or neurodevelopmental outcomes.
How Safe Is the Safety Net? Comparison of Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy at a Safety-Net Hospital Using the NSQIP Database

Background Recent data suggest that surgical outcomes at hospitals caring for low-income, vulnerable populations are suboptimal compared with outcomes from nonsafety-net hospitals. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to compare outcomes for patients who underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy at a safety-net hospital with the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Study Design We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, between September 2013 and January 2017, at a single safety-net hospital. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared with the 2013 to 2015 NSQIP database. Continuous variables were compared using Student's t -test, and categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests. Values of p Results We identified 78 patients from the safety-net hospital and 1,825 patients in the NSQIP database who underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. Baseline characteristics were similar, except the safety-net hospital patients were more likely to have COPD (19.2% vs 8.1%; p = 0.001) and be current smokers (42.3% vs 26.0%; p = 0.001); patients in the NSQIP group had a higher BMI (28 kg/m 2 vs 26 kg/m 2 ; p = 0.001). There were no differences between groups for mortality, readmission, discharge destination, or mean operative time. Safety-net hospital patients had significantly fewer complications (16.7% vs 33.3%; p = 0.003), fewer reoperations (6.4% vs 14.5%; p = 0.046), and shorter hospital length of stay (10.3 vs 13.1 days; p = 0.001). Conclusions Patients who underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy at a safety-net hospital had fewer complications and reoperations, and a shorter hospital length of stay compared with a national cohort. These findings illustrate the value of clinical pathways in optimizing the patient outcomes at safety-net hospitals and providing excellent care to their vulnerable patient population.
EcoSAR: Ecological Synthetic Aperture Radar Development

This article contains information on EcoSAR. EcoSAR is the advanced airborne polar metric and single pass interferometric P-band SAR instruments under development at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, through NASA's instrument Incubator Program (IIP). EcoSar will provide two and three-dimensional fine scale measurements of terrestrial ecosystem structure and biomass onboard the NASA P3 aircraft. These measurements directly support science requirements for the study of the carbon cycle and its relationship to climate change. To evaluate plant growth on earth from an airborne platform, both construction of the radar and subsequent testing of the radar using advanced radar test equipment to help develop and improve the radar system was necessary. This article describes the development, testing, and deployment of the EcoSAR system.
Efficacy of Articaine versus Lidocaine in Supplemental Infiltration for Mandibular First versus Second Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial

Abstract Introduction Profound pulpal anesthesia is difficult to achieve in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis (IP). However, there are no published randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the success of supplemental buccal infiltration (BI) in mandibular first versus second molars with IP. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the efficacy of 4% articaine with 2% lidocaine for supplemental BIs in mandibular first versus second molars with IP after a failed inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). This study's sample was combined with data from a previous trial. Methods One hundred ninety-nine emergency subjects diagnosed with IP of a mandibular molar were selected and received an IANB with 4% articaine. Subjects who failed to achieve profound pulpal anesthesia, determined by a positive response to cold or pain upon access, randomly received 4% articaine or 2% lidocaine as a supplemental BI. Endodontic access was begun 5 minutes after infiltration. Success was defined as less than mild pain during endodontic access and instrumentation on the Heft-Parker visual analog scale. Results There was a 25% IANB success rate with 4% articaine. The success rate for articaine supplemental BI in first molars was 61% versus 63% for second molars (P > .05). The success of lidocaine in first molars was 66%, but for second molars it was 32% (P = .004). Conclusions The success rate for IANB with 4% articaine was 25%. Articaine and lidocaine had similar success rates for supplemental infiltration in first molars, whereas articaine was significantly more successful for second molars. However, because BI often did not provide profound pulpal anesthesia, additional techniques including intraosseous anesthesia may still be required.
A highly compact fiberoptic rotation sensor for a neurosurgical robot

This paper presents the development of a fiberoptic rotation sensor for the motion feedback of a meso-scale shape memory alloy (SMA) torsion actuator for a neurosurgical robot. Multiple bundles of optical fibers for transmitting and receiving light are employed to achieve large measurement range and high precision. The voltage output as a function of the rotation angle via light intensity modulation (LIM) is modeled. A series of experimental studies are performed to calibrate the developed fiberoptic rotation sensor and evaluate its working performance for a variety of motion profiles. The experimental results show that the developed sensor is capable of measuring large range of motion with relatively high precision.
Influence of Hop Oil Content and Composition on Hop Aroma Intensity in Dry-Hopped Beer

When hops are added to beer, varying degrees of hoppy aroma persist as a result of cultivar differences and the point of hop addition. Dry hopping is a technique whereby hops are added to beer to l...
Large-Scale Quantum Mechanical Scattering Calculations on Vector Computers

Energy transfer in molecular collisions is a very fundamental problem in chemical physics, both experimentally and theoretically. Quantitative state-to-state cross sections for energy transfer processes are important for understanding and modelling many kinds of systems, including lasers, shocked gases, planetary atmospheres, and systems containing excited reaction products of any kind. In theory these cross sections can be calculated from first principles using quantum mechanics but in practice this involves severe computational difficulties. The first step is the calculation of molecular interaction potentials, which are a consequence of the electronic structure of the interacting molecules for various geometries.There has been enormous progress in this area in the last few years, 1-3 but we shall not consider it further in this chapter. Instead we shall concentrate on the second step, the dynamical problem that yields the desired inelastic cross sections from the intermolecular potential. Only when both steps have been solved adequately will the ab initio method have reached fruition, but the techniques involved in the two steps are very specialized and to a large extent progress on these steps may occur separately and in parallel. There are two basic approaches to the dynamics problem. First, one can try to develop reliable methods based on simplifying approximations, such as using semiclassical or classical methods or low-order perturbation theory.
Investigation of the Dynamic Behavior of a Collapsible-Tube Model Through Nonlinear Analysis

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a collapsible-tube system consisting of a reservoir with inlet and outlet flow conditions is investigated using nonlinear analysis approach. The reservoir is subject to a constant inlet flow rate and the outlet flow rate and the pressure–flow rate relation of the downstream collapsible regime is presented by a constitutive model containing a cubic nonlinearity. Within certain operating regimes, the model exhibits self-excited time-periodic oscillations, which can be identified with pressure-drop oscillations. These oscillations are rationalized to be relaxation oscillations and the qualitative features of the response including the limit cycle and the mechanisms are discussed based on numerical results.
Constructing the Televideofilm: Corporatization, Genrefication, and the Blurring Boundaries of Nigerian Media

Tsika’s chapter examines several Nollywood genres that have helped to generate and continue to depend upon intermedial expansiveness. Tsika notes that, as a popular industry, Nollywood is invested not in the auteurist upholding of an exceptional art object but in the manufacturing of “flow,” of a sense of stylistic and ideological continuity among thousands of films, which recalls some of the central tenets of television studies. Thus, Tsika argues that Nollywood is part of an expansive intermedial story, by which Nollywood joins other popular African industries in developing across previously sacrosanct, medium-specific borders. Tsika proposes that in today’s Nigeria, the concept of “genres in transition” entails the migration of generic forms across media and platforms rather than their fundamental transformation.
Dopamine Neurons Reflect the Uncertainty in Fear Generalization

Summary Generalized fear is a maladaptive behavior in which non-threatening stimuli elicit a fearful response. Here, we demonstrate that discrimination between predictive and non-predictive threat stimuli is highly sensitive to probabilistic discounting and increasing threat intensity in mice. We find that dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) encode both the negative valence of threat-predictive cues and the certainty of threat prediction. As fear generalization emerges, the dopamine neurons that are activated by a threat predictive cue (CS+) decrease the amplitude of activation and an equivalent signal emerges to a non-predictive cue (CS–). Temporally precise enhancement of dopamine neurons during threat conditioning to high threat levels or uncertain threats can prevent generalization. Moreover, phasic enhancement of genetically captured dopamine neurons activated by threat cues can reverse fear generalization. These findings demonstrate the dopamine neurons reflect the certainty of threat prediction that can be used to inform and update the fear engram.
An Experimental Laboratory Test of the Effects of Alternative Indicators of Progress

Given that economic growth is typically associated with ecological destruction and little improvement in human happiness, alternative indicators of progress have been developed to provide decision-makers with additional non-economic information that might better protect the environment and promote human well-being. However, to our knowledge, no experimental evidence exists which demonstrates that the use of such alternative indicators actually causes changes in behaviors. We therefore asked participants to pretend that they were the mayor of a small city that had the opportunity to develop natural land on its borders. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either standard indicators (consisting of only economic information) or alternative indicators (consisting of economic, ecological, and well-being information) as they made decisions over the course of their “term” as mayor. Participants who received alternative indicator feedback developed significantly fewer acres of the natural land than did those who received standard indicator feedback (Cohen’s d = .52). The effect of indicator type did not significantly interact with gender, ethnicity, or value orientation, but participants low in need for cognition were more sensitive to the type of indicator provided than were those high in need for cognition. The results provide the first experimental evidence supporting the claim that alternative indicators can cause decision-makers to focus less on economic outcomes and to prioritize well-being and ecological outcomes.
Neurobehavioral symptom validity in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) mild traumatic brain injury evaluations.

Introduction: The use of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) by U.S. Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs (VA) providers for all mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) evaluations led to ...
Differences in Narrative Language in Evaluations of Medical Students by Gender and Under-represented Minority Status

In varied educational settings, narrative evaluations have revealed systematic and deleterious differences in language describing women and those underrepresented in their fields. In medicine, limited qualitative studies show differences in narrative language by gender and under-represented minority (URM) status. To identify and enumerate text descriptors in a database of medical student evaluations using natural language processing, and identify differences by gender and URM status in descriptions. An observational study of core clerkship evaluations of third-year medical students, including data on student gender, URM status, clerkship grade, and specialty. A total of 87,922 clerkship evaluations from core clinical rotations at two medical schools in different geographic areas. We employed natural language processing to identify differences in the text of evaluations for women compared to men and for URM compared to non-URM students. We found that of the ten most common words, such as “energetic” and “dependable,” none differed by gender or URM status. Of the 37 words that differed by gender, 62% represented personal attributes, such as “lovely” appearing more frequently in evaluations of women (p < 0.001), while 19% represented competency-related behaviors, such as “scientific” appearing more frequently in evaluations of men (p < 0.001). Of the 53 words that differed by URM status, 30% represented personal attributes, such as “pleasant” appearing more frequently in evaluations of URM students (p < 0.001), and 28% represented competency-related behaviors, such as “knowledgeable” appearing more frequently in evaluations of non-URM students (p < 0.001). Many words and phrases reflected students’ personal attributes rather than competency-related behaviors, suggesting a gap in implementing competency-based evaluation of students. We observed a significant difference in narrative evaluations associated with gender and URM status, even among students receiving the same grade. This finding raises concern for implicit bias in narrative evaluation, consistent with prior studies, and suggests opportunities for improvement.
Using MARRVEL v1.2 for Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Genes and Variant Pathogenicity

One of the greatest challenges in the bioinformatic analysis of human sequencing data is identifying which variants are pathogenic. Numerous databases and tools have been generated to address this difficulty. However, these many useful data and tools are broadly dispersed, requiring users to search for their variants of interest through human genetic databases, variant function prediction tools, and model organism databases. To solve this problem, we collected data and observed workflows of human geneticists, clinicians, and model organism researchers to carefully select and display valuable information that facilitates the evaluation of whether a variant is likely to be pathogenic. This program, Model organism Aggregated Resources for Rare Variant ExpLoration (MARRVEL) v1.2, allows users to collect relevant data from 27 public sources for further efficient bioinformatic analysis of the pathogenicity of human variants. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
“What Freedom?”Frankenstein, Anti-Occidentalism, and English Liberty

John Owen Havard, “‘What Freedom?’: Frankenstein, Anti-Occidentalism, and English Liberty” (pp. 305–331) “If he were vanquished,” Victor Frankenstein states of his monstrous creation in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818), “I should be a free man.” But he goes on: “Alas! what freedom? such as the peasant enjoys when his family have been massacred before his eyes, his cottage burnt, his lands laid waste, and he is turned adrift, homeless, pennyless, and alone, but free.” Victor’s circumstances approximate the deracinated subject of an emergent economic liberalism, while looking to other destitute and shipwrecked heroes. Yet the ironic “freedom” described here carries an added charge, which Victor underscores when he concludes this account of his ravaged condition: “Such would be my liberty.” This essay revisits the geographic plotting of Frankenstein: the digression to the East in the nested “harem” episode, the voyage to England, the neglected episode of Victor’s imprisonment in Ireland, and the creature’s desire to live in South America. Locating Victor’s concluding appeal to his “free” condition within the novel’s expansive geography amplifies the political stakes of his downfall, calling attention to not only his own suffering but the wider trail of destruction left in his wake. Where existing critical accounts have emphasized the French Revolution and its violent aftermath, this obscures the novel’s pointed critique of a deep and tangled history of English liberty and its destructive legacies. Reexamining the novel’s geography in tandem with its use of form similarly allows us to rethink the overarching narrative design of Frankenstein, in ways that disrupt, if not more radically dislocate, existing rigid ways of thinking about the novel.
De Novo Centromere Formation: One's Company, Two's a Crowd.

Chromosomes containing two centromeres (dicentrics) trigger chromosome instability that is avoided by the enigmatic process of centromere inactivation. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Palladino et al. (2020) combine in vivo chromosome engineering and Drosophila genetics to assess consequences of de novo centromere formation and clarify models of centromere inactivation.
Discovery and mechanistic characterization of a structurally-unique membrane active peptide

Membrane active peptides (MAPs) have gained wide interest due to their far reaching applications in drug discovery and drug delivery. The search for new MAPs, however, has been largely skewed with bias selecting for physicochemical parameters believed to be important for membrane activity, such as alpha helicity, cationicity and hydrophobicity. Here we carry out a search-and-find strategy to screen a 100,000-membered one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial peptide library for lead compounds, agnostic of those physicochemical constraints. Such a synthetic strategy also permits expansion of our peptide repertoire to include unnatural amino acids. Using this approach, we discovered a structurally unique lead peptide LBF14, a linear 14-mer peptide, that induces gross morphological disruption of membranes, irrespective of membrane composition. Further, we demonstrate that the unique insertion mechanism of the peptide, visualized by spinning disc confocal microscopy and further analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, may be the cause of this large scale membrane deformation. We also demonstrate the robustness, reproducibility, and potential application of this technique to discover and characterize new membrane active peptides that display activity by local insertion and subsequent allosteric effects leading to global membrane disruption.
Despairing Communities in the United States

While the United States enjoys aggregate economic growth, the fruits are not shared equally across communities. While there has been numerous news coverage about the despair of US communities recently, there has been little empirical study on what socio-economic factors affect the level of despair. In this paper, we collect US county-level data and construct an index of despair for each county, with mean zero and a standard deviation of 1. We then run regressions with the despair index as the dependent variable, test how the number of social associations in a county affects the level of despair. We find that counties with higher social associations per capita have a lower level of despair, numerically, we find that a one standard deviation increase of associations per 10,000 people reduces the despair variable by 0.14-0.2 points. This result remains robust under different specifications of the model. We explain this relationship by saying that social associations allow more interactions with other individuals, and less need to indulge in self-destructive activities, which in turn reduces the level of despair in the county.
Moving Electrons Purposefully through Single Molecules and Nanostructures: A Tribute to the Science of Professor Nongjian Tao (1963-2020).

Electrochemistry intersected nanoscience 25 years ago when it became possible to control the flow of electrons through single molecules and nanostructures. Many surprises and a wealth of understand...
In Reply: The Role of Prophylactic Intraventricular Antibiotics in Reducing the Incidence of Infection and Revision Surgery in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Shunt Placement.

Background Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement remains the primary treatment modality for children with hydrocephalus. However, morbidity and revision surgery secondary to infection remains high, even while using antibiotic-impregnated shunts. Objective To determine whether intraoperative injection of antibiotics is independently associated with reduced rates of infection and revision surgery in children undergoing shunt placement. Methods This is an analysis of a prospectively collected, multicenter, shunt-specific neurosurgical registry consisting of data from over 100 hospitals collected between 2016 and 2017. All patients under 18 yr of age undergoing first-time shunt placement for the definitive treatment of hydrocephalus were included. The primary exposure of interest was injection of intraventricular antibiotics into the shunt catheter following shunt placement and prior to closure. The use of additional surgical adjuncts, such as antibiotic-impregnated shunts, stereotactic guidance, and endoscopy was collected. The primary outcome metric was the need for additional intervention because of an infection. Results A total of 2007 pediatric patients undergoing shunt placement for hydrocephalus were identified. Postoperatively, 97 (4.8%) patients had additional intervention secondary to infection. In a multivariable regression model controlling for patient characteristics, etiology of hydrocephalus, prior temporizing measures, and placement of an antibiotic-impregnated shunt, injection of intraventricular antibiotics was associated with a significant reduction in postoperative infections (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.04-0.89, P = .038). Of those receiving intraventricular antibiotics, only 2 (0.38%) went on to undergo re-intervention due to infection. Conclusion These data suggest that for this select group of patients, use of intraventricular antibiotics was associated with decreased rates of re-intervention secondary to infection.
The Association Between Pain Trajectories With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Disability During the Acute Posttrauma Period.

Objective Exposure to a traumatic event is common among US adults, yet only a small fraction develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Higher pain after a traumatic injury has been associated with higher PTSD symptomology and thus may be a risk factor. However, few studies have examined how pain during the period immediately after a trauma, referred to as the acute post trauma period, relates to later to PTSD outcomes. Methods A sample of (n = 87) individuals who had experienced a traumatic injury assessed their pain through daily mobile assessments for the first month after injury. PTSD, depression, and functional impairment were assessed at time of trauma and 1, and 3 months later. Results Using latent class growth analysis (LCGA), three trajectories of pain were identified: low pain (41.3%), decreasing pain (43.7%), and high pain (14.9%). At baseline, the high pain class reported higher levels of depression and functional impairment than the low pain group. From baseline to 3 months, the low pain class experienced a reduction in PTSD, depression, and functional impairment whereas the high pain class experienced an increase in PTSD symptoms, and persistent depression, and functional impairment. Conclusions These results demonstrate that there are distinct trajectories of pain after a traumatic injury. Persistent elevated pain is associated with more severe psychopathology in the period immediately following a traumatic injury.
Best practices for variant calling in clinical sequencing

Next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled a dramatic expansion of clinical genetic testing both for inherited conditions and diseases such as cancer. Accurate variant calling in NGS data is a critical step upon which virtually all downstream analysis and interpretation processes rely. Just as NGS technologies have evolved considerably over the past 10 years, so too have the software tools and approaches for detecting sequence variants in clinical samples. In this review, I discuss the current best practices for variant calling in clinical sequencing studies, with a particular emphasis on trio sequencing for inherited disorders and somatic mutation detection in cancer patients. I describe the relative strengths and weaknesses of panel, exome, and whole-genome sequencing for variant detection. Recommended tools and strategies for calling variants of different classes are also provided, along with guidance on variant review, validation, and benchmarking to ensure optimal performance. Although NGS technologies are continually evolving, and new capabilities (such as long-read single-molecule sequencing) are emerging, the “best practice” principles in this review should be relevant to clinical variant calling in the long term.
Functional coordination of personality strategies with physical strength and attractiveness: A multi-sample investigation at the HEXACO facet-level

Abstract Previous research has supported adaptationist hypotheses pertaining to the functional coordination of personality strategies with phenotypic determinants of bargaining power, such as physical strength and attractiveness. However, prior studies have focused primarily on explaining variation in Extraversion and Emotionality/Neuroticism as broadband traits. The current study synthesizes data from three subject samples (N = 766) to test correlations of physical strength and attractiveness with the HEXACO factors and facets among young adults. Our analyses reveal specific, functionally meaningful, patterns of phenotypic coordination, and thereby help illuminate which facets drive previously documented associations at the factor-level. Among both sexes, strength was an especially important predictor of facets whose secondary loadings place them in the quadrant of factor space defined by high Extraversion (Expressiveness, Liveliness, Social Boldness) and low Emotionality (Fearfulness, Anxiety). Findings bolster the hypothesis that specific personality strategies are coordinated with phenotypic components of bargaining power, and suggest that granular measures of personality (such as facets) may provide more mechanistic and functional insight than broadband trait factors.
EXOSOMAL miRNAS MEDIATE PLACENTAL IMMUNE TOLERANCE TO REPEATED GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL EXPOSURE

Background: Immune tolerance to infectious agents is a phenomenon in which tissues or cells exposed to bacterial products become less responsive to subsequent exposures, with decreased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Failure to demonstrate attenuation of inflammatory responses has been reported to result in various pathologic pregnancies including preterm labor. Our lab has previously demonstrated that repeated placental exposure to gram-negative bacteria will induce a tolerant phenotype. To our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the effect of repeated exposures of gram-positive bacteria on placental cytokine production and miRNAs expression. Purpose: To determine if repeated …
Robust long-range source localization in the deep ocean using phase-only matched autoproduct processing.

Passive source localization in the deep ocean using array signal processing techniques is possible using an algorithm similar to matched field processing (MFP) that interrogates a measured frequency-difference autoproduct instead of a measured pressure field [Geroski and Dowling, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 146, 4727–4739 (2019)]. These results are extended herein to a new MFP-style algorithm, phase-only matched autoproduct processing, that is more robust at source-array ranges as large as 225 km. This new algorithm is herein described and compared to three existing approaches. The performance of all four techniques is evaluated using measured ocean propagation data from the PhilSea10 experiment. These data nominally span a 12-month period; include six source-array ranges from 129 to 450 km; and involve signals with center frequencies between 172.5 and 275 Hz, and bandwidths of 60 to 100 Hz. In all cases, weight vectors are calculated assuming a range-independent environment using a single sound-speed profile measured near the receiving array. The frequency-differencing techniques considered here are capable of localizing all six sources, with varying levels of consistency, using single-digit-Hz difference frequencies. At source-array ranges up to and including 225 km, the new algorithm requires fewer signal samples for success and is more robust to the choice of difference frequencies.
Capsaicin-induced gastric mucosal hyperemia and protection: The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide

Background. Topical capsaicin augments gastric mucosal blood flow and is cytoprotective. This phenomenon is blocked by nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibition. Capsaicin-sensitive neurons store and release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of a CGRP antagonist on capsaicin-induced hyperemia and protection and to determine the role of NO and the cytoprotective prostaglandin PGE 2 in this process
Overcoming Procrastination: The Effect of Implementation Intentions1

A hypothesized solution for procrastination is the formation of an implementation intention (Van Eerde, 2000). University students (N = 152) were assessed using the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (Aitken, 1982) and were asked to report to an experiment. Half of the participants formed implementation intentions to attend. An odds ratio indicated that participants who formed implementation intentions were nearly 8 times more likely to keep their appointments than those who did not. Low procrastinators reported more often for the experiment than did high procrastinators (Low = 49.4%; High = 30.1%), χ2(1, N = 152) = 5.84, p < .016. The interaction between implementation intentions and procrastination was not significant, χ2(1, N = 152) = 0.28, p < .60.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: “Perpetual Motion” of Open Irrigated Tip Catheters at 50 W Is Safe and Improves Outcomes

Background: Point-by-point use of open irrigated tip catheters (OITCs) at 50 W increases atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation cure rates but also increases complications. We determined if constantly moving the OITC (perpetual motion) when using 50 W increases ablation cure rates without increasing complications. Methods: We evaluated procedural data, complications, and individual procedure cure rates (IPCRs) for AF ablation using closed tip catheters (CTC) versus OITC at 40, 45, and 50 W in 1,122 ablations. We used “perpetual motion” to move the OITC at 50 W every 3–10 seconds. Results: The OITC showed higher IPCR than CTC at 45 W (P = 0.012) and 50 W (P < 0.0005). For the OITC, IPCR increased from 44.6% to 60.7% as power increased from 40 to 50 W (P = 0.008). The OITC appeared superior to the CTC for all types of AF. For paroxysmal AF, increasing OITC power from 40 to 50 W provided no increase in IPCR (70.6% vs 71.2%, P = 0.827). For persistent AF, increasing power from 40 to 50 W increased IPCR from 34.5% to 59.5% (P = 0.001). Complications were similar for the CTC and the OITC at any power. The OITC at 50 W had shorter procedure, left atrial, and fluoroscopy times (P < 0.0005). Conclusions: Increasing OITC power from 40 to 50 W increases IPCR with no increase in complications as long as the 50 W setting is done using “perpetual motion.” The OITC 50 W power setting results in shorter procedure and fluoroscopy times and should be considered for AF ablations. (PACE 2011; 34:531–539)
A Report on Martian Atmospheric Water Vapor Near Opposition, 1969

Little variation in Martian atmospheric H2O abundance was observed during three months prior to the 1969 opposition.
An improved implicit numerical integration of a non-associated, three-invariant cap plasticity model with mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening for geomaterials

Summary The Sandia GeoModel is a continuum elastoplastic constitutive model that captures many features of the mechanical response for geological materials over a wide range of porosities and strain rates. Among the specific features incorporated into the formulation are a smooth compression cap, isotropic/kinematic hardening, nonlinear pressure dependence, strength differential effect, and rate sensitivity. This study attempts to provide enhancements regarding computational tractability, domain of applicability, and robustness of the model. A new functional form is presented for the yield and plastic potential functions. This reformulation renders a more accurate, robust, and efficient model as it eliminates spurious solutions attributed to the original form. In addition, we achieve a high-performance implementation, because the local iterative method is allowed to recast residual vectors with a uniform dimensionality. The model is also furnished with a smooth, elliptical tension cap to account for the tensile yielding. Moreover, an efficient algorithm is introduced, which decreases the computational cost by differentiating the updated shear yield surface from the cap surface based on the trial relative stress state. Finally, various numerical examples including a large-scale boundary value problem are presented to demonstrate the fidelity of the modified model and to analyze its numerical performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are Formal Technology Integration Processes Needed for Successful Product Innovations

It has been documented in the prior research that there is a gap between technology development and product development. We explore a set of propositions through review of previous research and a case study from the semiconductor industry. Although the literature suggests that for successful integration of technologies into products, formal technology integration process and technology portfolio management are highly recommended to prevent a misalignment between technology development and product development processes, our results are indicating that formality of these processes may not be necessary. However, recognition of the importance of the integration process and development of organisational capability to allow the process evolve with various statuses of technological readiness as well as organisational maturity, are critical to successful NPD.
Heat transfer in cylinders with heat generation

The prediction of temperatures has been studied for a tubular flow reactor when heat is generated at a rate which is a linear function of the local temperature. Analytical solutions are presented both for the case where the wall is isothermal and for the case where the exterior surroundings are isothermal and the heat transfer coefficient between the tube wall and the surroundings is constant. This analysis should be helpful for estimating local temperatures and also for predicting the transient response to changes in one of the independent operating variables.
Effect of Initial Surface Concentration on Bacterial Distribution in a Surrogate Ballistic Wound

In ballistic injuries, contamination can be carried from the environment, clothing, and skin surface into the wound track. Bacteria and contaminated debris can be introduced into the wound by several means, including physical transport by the projectile or by the suction caused by the formation and collapse of the temporary wound cavity. In this paper, the relationship between initial bacterial concentration on the surface and resultant bacterial distribution along the wound channel is examined using a leg surrogate. Escherichia coli strain K-12 was used to represent skin surface contamination. In order to reduce the possibility of contamination by outside bacteria and assist in colony visualization, the E. coli first underwent a transformation protocol to express Green Fluorescent Protein and to be resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. Different concentrations of bacteria were pipetted onto circular filter paper and placed onto the surface of a ballistic gelatin leg surrogate, and an 11.43-mm (0.45-in) caliber projectile was shot through the contaminated area into the gel. The “wound track” was sliced into small, evenly spaced samples and the permanent cavity was removed using a biopsy punch, liquefied, and grown on selective lysogeny broth media containing ampicillin. Examination of a normalized bacterial colony count and normalized area covered per segment allowed comparison of variations in the initial concentration, and confirmed that within a range the normalized contamination distribution trend along the “wound track” remained similar. This verification allowed additional confidence in results obtained using this bacteria distribution methodology by eliminating concerns over small variations in initial bacterial concentration.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Two-Dimensional Flow and NOx Emissions in Deflagrative Internal Combustion Wave Rotor Configurations

A wave rotor is proposed for use as a constant volume combustor. A novel design feature is investigated as a remedy for hot gas leakage, premature ignition, and pollutant emissions that are possible in this class of unsteady machines. The base geometry involves fuel injection partitions that allow stratification of fuel/oxidizer mixtures in the wave rotor channel radially, enabling pilot ignition of overall lean mixture for low NO x combustion. In this study, available turbulent combustion models are applied to simulate approximately constant volume combustion of propane and resulting transient compressible flow. Thermal NO production histories are predicted by simulations of the STAR-CD code. Passage inlet/outlet/wall boundary conditions are time-dependent, enabling the representation of a typical deflagrative internal combustor wave rotor cycle. Some practical design improvements are anticipated from the computational results. For a large number of derivative design configurations, fuel burn rate, two-dimensional flow and emission levels are evaluated. The sensitivity of channel combustion to initial turbulence levels is evaluated.
Short Distance Wireless, Dense Networks, and Their Opportunities

Summary form only given. The availability of wireless transceivers transmitting over ranges from few microns to less than half a meter opens the door for a wide range of exciting new applications, ranging from seamless system assembly, smart surfaces, healthcare monitoring and intelligent machinery and components. However, the implementation challenges in terms of size and power for most of these applications are pushing the limits. Fortunately, by exploring the wide range of options offered to the designer, extremely small and virtually zero-power transceivers are feasible. This paper discusses the opportunities, challenges and options of short distance wireless, and illustrates the proposed techniques with several design examples. In addition, the challenges that emerge when trying to embed these nodes into very dense networks are explored. Special consideration is given to the issues of distributed synchronization, localization and robust communication.
Non‐accidental fractures in infants: Risk of further abuse

the exact risk of further abuse in the subgroup ofinfants aged under 12 months presenting with a fracture alonehas not been defined.In this study, the characteristics of non-accidental fracturesin infants and the features which distinguish accidental fromnon-accidental fractures are described. Furthermore, the risk ofsubsequent abuse in infants sustaining a non-accidentalfracture is clarified.METHODSThe records of all children aged under 1 year with a fracturewho presented to the Mater Children’s Hospital betweenJanuary 1990 and December 1993 were retrieved. These sub-jects were identified on the basis of diagnosis at hospitalseparation and notification to an ongoing study of childhoodtrauma called the Queensland Injury Surveillance and Preven-tion Project (QISPP). Data for QISPP was collected, withparental consent, on presentation to the Emergency Depart-ment of the Mater Children’s Hospital; children with inci-dental findings of a fracture on skeletal survey in the contextof other major injuries were excluded.Following a retrospective review of medical records thecohort of infants was divided into two groups: (i) those withsuspected accidental fractures, and (ii) those with suspectednon-accidental fractures. Subjects were classified as non-accidental if medical staff were alerted by historical or radio-logical findings, and child protection medical staff concurredon further assessment. Factors considered in this decisionwere: if (i) an admission was made that the injuries had beendeliberately inflicted; (ii) the injuries were not compatible withthe clinical history; (iii) historical account of the injury varied;(iv) there was a lack of any explanation for injuries; (v) therewere accompanying physical signs of abuse or neglect suchas bruises, burns, nutritional deprivation; (vi) the fracture-typehad a high specificity for child abuse, e.g. rib and metaphysealfractures; and (vii) other fractures were detected on skeletalsurvey. All those cases classified as suspected non-accidentalwere referred under mandatory notification to a multiagencySuspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) team (consistingof police, Department of Families,Youth and Community Care(DFYCC), and health representation) for further assessmentand management. Subjects were classified into the accidentalgroup if medical officers in the emergency department orJ. Paediatr. Child Health (2000) 36, 590–592
Generation of Nutrient Specifications for Dairy Cattle for Computerized Least Cost Ration Formulation

Abstract To facilitate formulation of least cost rations through linear programing, a mathematical model was developed that calculates nutritive specifications. The model is based on current National Research Council's suggestions and recent research information. From 12 input statements, 28 nutritive specifications are generated. The feeding program is designed to utilize the total feed intake capacity of the cow. Feed intake information from 207 cow trials were used to estimate factors which alter dry matter intakes of dairy cows. These factors have been included in the model to formulate daily nutrient requirements in the proper amount of dry matter. Nutrient balance is maintained throughout the program. Calcium to phosphorus ratios must fall within the limits of 1:1 to 1.5:1 and crude fiber is held between 14 and 24% of dry matter. The unique feature of this procedure is that, when placed in combination with a linear programing system, people without extensive nutritional training can use least cost ration formulation because nutrient specifications are generated from common terms associated with dairy cattle feeding and management.
Using strategic analysis to determine why GM‐North America's earnings dropped

This article illustrates strategic analysis of operating income, which can be used to gain a better understanding of financial statements—in particular, why corporate or segment profits change from one year to the next. Specifically, the article examines the 2001 pretax profit of General Motors Corporation's North American Operations (GMNA), which declined by $4.4 billion compared with that for 2000. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.