cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Informal Care Supply for Older Adults in Yucatan, Mexico

In this study, we analyze factors that determine the likelihood of an individual undertaking caregiving responsibilities as well as the time spent providing assistance. We utilize a large sample of older adults (N = 2821) from a survey with rich information at the child and household member level (N = 16,014) in the State of Yucatan, Mexico. We define caregivers as those that provide assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) to an older adult—both those living inside and outside the household—and non-caregivers as any person living in the household as well as children living outside that do not provide care. The Heckman two-step procedure is employed to account for sample selection bias in the analysis. We find that 77.7% of caregivers were women and 22.3% were men. In addition, daughters were most likely to take on the role as caregiver. A larger proportion of men in comparison to women worked while providing care, and women provided more hours of care work per month on average than men. We find that caregivers have lower educational attainment, a lower proportion worked, and a higher proportion lived with the older adult in comparison to non-caregivers. Also, non-caregivers provide a higher amount of monetary and in-kind transfers to older adults on average. The oldest adults—80 years and older—and those with the worst health status are more likely to receive care and received higher amounts of caregiving time. Moreover, older women are more likely to receive care than older men. Taking up caregiving activities reflects a two-way decision-making process consisting of older adult needs and caregiver characteristics influenced by societal and economic structures. Taking into account the increasing needs for older adult caregiving in Mexico due to changes in life expectancy and family composition, this model of informal caregiving is unsustainable and requires intervention.
Trichomonas vaginalis virus: a review of the literature

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a parasitic protozoan responsible for the sexually transmitted infection trichomoniasis. Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) is a nonsegmented, 4.5-5 kbp, double-stranded RNA virus, from the Totiviridae family, which inhabits TV. A capsid protein consisting of 120 subunits is covered in channels aiding in RNA release. TVV is closely associated with the Golgi complex and is transmitted vertically. TVV has four subspecies, TVV1, TVV2, TVV3, and TVV4. The clinical significance of TVV and its effect on the pathogenicity of TV is not well known. We performed a systematic review of the literature on TVV to better understand its clinical significance and its role in the pathogenesis of TV.
Immune evasion and current immunotherapy strategies in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS).

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are two well-characterized skin limited and leukemic subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), respectively. Progressive global immune dysfunction and a multitude of specific immunological abnormalities have long been recognized as features of MF and SS. Therefore, a variety of immune-based therapies have been explored and used in the clinic for decades in the attempt to restore the immune imbalance in these malignancies. With recent advances in the development of novel immunotherapies in cancer treatment, new treatment modalities have emerged to complement the existing repertoire. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of immune evasive mechanisms in MF/SS and summarize the established and emerging immunotherapies for these malignancies. We explain the underlying mechanisms of these immune-based therapies and derive recommendation from results of major clinical trials.
Pick’s Disease: The Evolution of Theory and Knowledge in Neurodegenerative Tauopathies

“Pick’s disease” was originally conceptualized as a single pathological entity, but histopathological investigations failed to verify that construct. Instead, a wide variety of pathologies and phenotypical expressions were implicated. Cases with prototypical Pick’s inclusions, seemingly uncommon, are now called frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-tau with Pick bodies. Other pathologies originally subsumed by “Pick’s disease” are now considered either part of the “Pick complex” or included under the large FTLD umbrella, including several tauopathies and FTLD positive for TDP-43, ubiquitin, and fused-in sarcoma. In spite of these efforts to classify FTLD-tau with Pick bodies more accurately in the grand scheme of neurodegeneration, clinical identification remains challenging due to overlapping, varied clinical phenotypes. Barriers to accurate in vivo diagnosis result in increased risk for clinical misdiagnosis. Clinicians and researchers alike are encouraged to consider the increasingly recognized roles of cooccurring pathologies in diagnosis and treatment innovations.
Antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant: A survey of United States' transplant centers.

Background Antifungal prophylaxis strategies for lung transplant recipients vary without consensus or standard of care. Our current study aims to identify antifungal prophylaxis practices in the United States. Methods From November 29, 2018, to February 15, 2019, we emailed surveys to medical directors of adult lung transplant centers. An alternate physician representative was approached if continued non-response after three survey attempts. Descriptive statistics were used to report findings. Results Forty-four of 62 (71.0%) eligible centers responded. All Organ Procurement and Transplantation Networks were represented. Only four (9.1%) centers used pre-transplant prophylaxis for prevention of tracheobronchitis (3 of 4) and invasive fungal disease (4 of 4). Thirty-nine of forty (97.5%) centers used post-transplant prophylaxis: 36 (90.0%) universal and 3 (7.5%) pre-emptive/selective prophylaxis. Most centers used nebulized amphotericin with a systemic agent (26 of 36, 72.2%). Thirty-two of thirty-six (88.9%) centers continued universal prophylaxis beyond the hospital setting. Duration of prophylaxis ranged from the post-transplant hospitalization to lifelong with most centers (25 of 36, 69.4%) discontinuing prophylaxis 6 months or less post-transplant. Conclusion Most United States' lung transplant centers utilize a universal prophylaxis with nebulized amphotericin and a systemic triazole for 6 months or less post-transplant. Very few centers use pre-transplant antifungal prophylaxis.
Uncoupling the DSB End-Protecting and CSR-Promoting Functions of 53BP1.

Sundaravinayagam et al. (2019) uncovered a critical role of 53BP1 in class switch recombination in B cells beyond its role in limiting end resection.
Overlap detection on long, error-prone sequencing reads via smooth q-gram.

MOTIVATION Third generation sequencing techniques, such as the Single Molecule Real Time technique from PacBio and the MinION technique from Oxford Nanopore, can generate long, error-prone sequencing reads which pose new challenges for fragment assembly algorithms. In this paper, we study the overlap detection problem for error-prone reads, which is the first and most critical step in the de novo fragment assembly. We observe that all the state-of-the-art methods cannot achieve an ideal accuracy for overlap detection (in terms of relatively low precision and recall) due to the high sequencing error rates, especially when the overlap lengths between reads are relatively short (e.g. <2000 bases). This limitation appears inherent to these algorithms due to their usage of q-gram-based seeds under the seed-extension framework. RESULTS We propose smooth q-gram, a variant of q-gram that captures q-gram pairs within small edit distances and design a novel algorithm for detecting overlapping reads using smooth q-gram-based seeds. We implemented the algorithm and tested it on both PacBio and Nanopore sequencing datasets. Our benchmarking results demonstrated that our algorithm outperforms the existing q-gram-based overlap detection algorithms, especially for reads with relatively short overlapping lengths. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code of our implementation in C++ is available at https://github.com/FIGOGO/smoothq. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Measurements of nonlinear absorption of intense 10 µm laser pulses in n-Ge, GaAs, and ZnSe.

We study the nonlinear absorption of high-power 10 µm radiation propagating through n-Ge, GaAs, and ZnSe materials widely used in the long-wave infrared range. Measurements are performed using both nanosecond and picosecond CO2 laser pulses providing intensities up to 100MW/cm2 and 5GW/cm2, respectively. Nonlinear absorption coefficients in optical quality n-Ge are found to be the same for both pulse durations. The nonlinear absorption coefficient of these materials scales inverse proportionally to their bandgap energies, indicating increased photoionization in the smaller bandgap materials.
Assessment of the cutaneous trunci reflex in neurologically healthy cats.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform the cutaneous trunci reflex (CTR) in neurologically normal cats using two different instruments and determine how body condition score (BCS), body cir...
Patterns of Engagement Among Puerto Rican University Completers: Do Major and Gender Matter?:

Researchers conducted a correlational study utilizing data from a public 4-year institution in Puerto Rico to understand differences in the levels and types of student engagement reported by gradua...
A proposal for shoring up Federal Trade Commission protections for electronic health record–connected consumer apps under 21st Century Cures

Under the 21st Century Cures Act and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) rule implementing its interoperability provisions, a patient's rights to easily request and obtain digital access to portions of their medical records are now supported by both technology and policy. Data, once directed by a patient to leave a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-covered health entity and enter a consumer app, will usually fall under Federal Trade Commission oversight. Because the statutory authority of the ONC does not extend to health data protection, there is not yet regulation to specifically address privacy protections for consumer apps. A technologically feasible workflow that could be widely adopted and permissible under ONC's rule, involves using the SMART on FHIR OAuth authorization routine to present standardized information about app behavior. This approach would not bias the patient in a way that triggers penalties under information blocking provisions of the rule.
Postmodern Langauge Pedagogy

Language pedagogy has been influenced by postmodern theories. The pedagogy of the English language classroom has become the site for reflecting, playing, exploring other identities, choosing, subverting, opting out, creating, criticising, resisting, welcoming ambiguity, dealing with ambiguity, accepting uncertainties, surfing technological sources et al. Of all of them, asking questions in the postmodern class is an essential, inevitable teaching and learning tool. It is taken for granted that modern teachers raise questions and grant permission to students to raise questions as well. While teachers are absolutely convinced that the raising of questions is a legitimate pedagogical activity, they also imagine that allowing students to raise questions is a matter of charity. This paper argues that teachers ought to raise questions of different types and functions so that they can minimize teacher talk time and allow learners to use time for language production through comprehension. It also argues that students ought to raise questions so that they can develop strategies to approach language in a focussed manner. It does include learner autonomy that aims at maximizing the potentials of independent learners.
OpenRooms: An Open Framework for Photorealistic Indoor Scene Datasets

We propose a novel framework for creating large-scale photorealistic datasets of indoor scenes, with ground truth geometry, material, lighting and semantics. Our goal is to make the dataset creation process widely accessible, transforming scans into photorealistic datasets with high-quality ground truth for appearance, layout, semantic labels, high quality spatially-varying BRDF and complex lighting, including direct, indirect and visibility components. This enables important applications in inverse rendering, scene understanding and robotics. We show that deep networks trained on the proposed dataset achieve competitive performance for shape, material and lighting estimation on real images, enabling photorealistic augmented reality applications, such as object insertion and material editing. We also show our semantic labels may be used for segmentation and multi-task learning. Finally, we demonstrate that our framework may also be integrated with physics engines, to create virtual robotics environments with unique ground truth such as friction coefficients and correspondence to real scenes. The dataset and all the tools to create such datasets will be made publicly available.1
Utility of circulating microRNA-150 for rapid evaluation of bone marrow depletion after radiation, and efficiency of bone marrow reconstitution.

Abstract Purpose Total body irradiation (TBI) is a common myeloablative preparative regimen used in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia patients prior to allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The inefficient clearance of tumor cells and radiation-induced toxicity to normal tissues is attributed to relapse and morbidity in a significant fraction of patients. Developing biomarkers that provide an individual's physiological response to radiation will allow personalized treatment and follow-up. We investigated the utility of circulating microRNA150-5p (miR150) for evaluation of radiation dose response. Materials and Methods Age-, gender-, and strain-matched wild type and miR150 null (knock out, KO) mice were subjected to TBI and evaluated for the impact of circulating miR150 expression on survival and hematological endpoints. Dose- and time-dependent changes of the miR150 level in bone marrow were assessed using flow cytometry. The functional roles of miR150 in cellular response to radiation were evaluated using apoptosis assay. miR150 expression in leukemic cell lines and in blood collected from leukemia patients with diverse outcomes were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Results Absence of miR150 in mice conferred resistance to radiation injury and resulted in accelerated recovery of lymphoid and myeloid cells after ablative or partially ablative TBI in mice. Overexpression of miR150 resulted in a higher percentage of cells at G2/M phases of cell cycle which is associated with increased sensitivity and susceptibility to apoptotic cell death after radiation. Levels of circulating miR150 were found to be decreased after radiation in leukemia patients and exhibited an inverse correlation with recurrence. Conclusion Current study demonstrates the utility of a miR150-based blood test for rapid evaluation of the efficiency of marrow ablation and recovery following radiation and HSCT. The internally controlled blood test will potentially provide near real-time evaluation of functional marrow that will allow optimal dosing based on an individual's physiological response to radiation.
Superlubricity for Incommensurate Crystalline and Disordered Interfaces

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the concept of superlubricity for interfaces between both incommensurate crystalline and disordered solid surfaces. The difference between disordered and incommensurate interfaces is that static friction is only zero in the case of disordered interfaces if the solids in contact at the interface are thick; whereas for incommensurate solids, the static friction is zero for thin solids as well. For two thin solids in contact at a disordered interface, there is static friction, which is inversely proportional to a length known as the Larkin length. For weakly interacting surfaces, the Larkin length is long; whereas for strongly interacting surfaces it is short. In contrast, for three-dimensional solids in contact at a two-dimensional interface, the Larkin length is infinite—comparable to the surface dimensions for weakly interacting surfaces—and relatively small for strongly interacting surfaces. One of the ways to achieve extremely low friction is to coat the surfaces of the two solids sliding in contact with each other with polymer brushes. The presence of a solvent causes the polymer brush to extend, thereby allowing it to support load and produce osmotic pressure, which also partially supports the load.
Possibilities and Challenges of Multimodal Literacy Practices in Teaching and Learning English as an Additional Language

I review a decade of empirical research specifically addressing possibilities and challenges of multimodal literacy practices in learning and teaching English as an additional language, particularly for adolescent multilingual English language learners (ELLs). Given the lack of empirical research and discussions about multimodal literacy practices of ELLs, this review focuses on the issues of multimodal literacy practices of ELLs and their teachers. Thus, I look mainly at the promise and potential of engaging ELLs in multimodal literacy practices and potential tensions of implementing multimodal literacies into classroom practices. Findings of this review suggest more empirical research related to how ELLs consume, interpret, and produce multimodal texts as well as some implications for pedagogy.
On the test and diagnosis of the perfect shuffle

In this paper, a new structural approach is proposed for the full diagnosis (with no aliasing and confounding) of shorts and stuck-at faults in the interconnect of a perfect shuffle. This approach utilizes graph coloring techniques to generate a test set based on the adjacencies in the largest necklace of the shuffle. The conditions for no aliasing and confounding as well as fault detection are presented as function of the largest short fault. For detecting stuck-at faults, it is shown that a constant number of tests is required. A test generation algorithm with quadratic execution complexity in the size of the shuffle is proposed. This algorithm generates a test set which diagnoses a perfect shuffle of size N with no aliasing and confounding using O(log/sub 2/(log/sub 2/ (N))) tests. The application of these results to multistage interconnection networks (MINs) is also presented: MINs can be constructed by cascading perfect shuffles and are characterized by switching operation. It is shown that constant testability of MINs can be still achieved for diagnosis under fault models which preserve the loop properties of the necklaces in a perfect shuffle.
Prospecting for New Questions: Integrating Geophysics to Define Anthropological Research Objectives and Inform Excavation Strategies at Monumental Sites

Geophysical data have the potential to significantly contribute to archaeological research projects when effectively integrated with more traditional methods. Although pre-existing archaeological questions about a site may be answered using geophysical methods, beginning an investigation with an extensive geophysical survey can assist in understanding the function and archaeological potential of a site, and may even transform preconceptions about the type and spatial organisation of features that are present. In this way, these prospection tools not only accurately locate and map features to allow recovery of cultural material for identification and dating, we argue that they can go much further, allowing us to prospect for new and appropriate archaeological and anthropological research questions. Such an approach is best realised when geophysical and traditional archaeologists work together to define new objectives and strategies to address them, and by maintaining this collaboration to allow continual feedback between geophysical and archaeological data. A flexible research design is therefore essential in order to allow the methodologies to adapt to the site, the results, and the questions being posed. This methodology is demonstrated through two case studies from mound sites in southeast USA: the transitional Mississippian Washausen site in Illinois; and the Middle Woodland Garden Creek site in North Carolina. In both cases, integrating geophysical methods throughout the archaeological investigations has resulted in multiple phases of generating and addressing new research objectives. Although clearly beneficial at these two mound sites in southeast USA, this interdisciplinary approach has obvious implications well beyond these temporal and geographical areas.
Airfoils in Slightly Supersonic Flow

An investigation is made to determine the performance of simple thin airfoils in the slightly supersonic flow region with the aid of the nonlinear transonic theory first developed by von Karman. Expressions for the pressure coefficient across an oblique shock and a Prandtl-Meyer expansion are developed in terms of a transonic similarity parameter. Aerodynamic coefficients are calculated in similarity form for the flat plate and asymmetric wedge airfoils, and curves are plotted. Sample curves for a flat plate and a specific asymmetric wedge are plotted on the usual coordinate grid of Ci, Cd, and Cmc/4 versus angle of at tack and Ci versus Mach Number to illustrate the apparent features of nonlinear flow.
A comparison of video review and feedback device measurement of chest compressions quality during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Abstract Aim To describe chest compression (CC) rate, depth, and leaning during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as measured by two simultaneous methods, and to assess the accuracy and reliability of video review in measuring CC quality. Methods Resuscitations in a pediatric emergency department are videorecorded for quality improvement. Patients aged 8–18 years receiving CPR under videorecording were eligible for inclusion. CPR was recorded by a pressure/accelerometer feedback device and tabulated in 30-s epochs of uninterrupted CC. Investigators reviewed videorecorded CPR and measured rate, depth, and release by observation. Raters categorized epochs as ‘meeting criteria' if 80% of CCs in an epoch were done with appropriate depth (>45mm) and/or release ( ρ for rate and by κ statistic for depth and release. Interrater reliability for depth and release was measured by κ statistic. Results Five patients underwent videorecorded CPR using the feedback device. 97 30-s epochs of CCs were analyzed. CCs met criteria for rate in 74/97 (76%) of epochs; depth in 38/97 (39%); release in 82/97 (84%). Agreement between video and feedback device for rate was good ( ρ =0.77); agreement was poor for depth and release ( κ 0.04–0.41). Interrater reliability for depth and release measured by video was poor ( κ 0.04–0.49). Conclusion Video review measured CC rate accurately; depth and release were not reliably or accurately assessed by video. Future research should focus on the optimal combination of methods for measuring CPR quality.
The Nicest Kids in Town: American Bandstand, Rock 'n' Roll, and the Struggle for Civil Rights in 1950s Philadelphia

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Making Philadelphia Safe for "WFIL-adelphia" Television, Housing, and Defensive Localism in Bandstand's Backyard 2. They Shall Be Heard Local Television as a Civil Rights Battleground 3. The de Facto Dilemma Fighting Segregation in Philadelphia Public Schools 4. From Little Rock to Philadelphia Making de Facto School Segregation a Media Issue 5. The Rise of Rock and Roll in Philadelphia Georgie Woods, Mitch Thomas, and Dick Clark 6. "They'll Be Rockin' on Bandstand, in Philadelphia, P.A." Imagining National Youth Culture on American Bandstand 7. Remembering American Bandstand, Forgetting Segregation 8. Still Boppin' on Bandstand American Dreams, Hairspray, and American Bandstand in the 2000s Conclusion Everybody Knows about American Bandstand Notes Index
Expert System for Mine Burial Prediction

Abstract : The degree of mine burial is a crucial factor in Mine Counter Measure (MCM) mission planning, having a significant effect on sensor range and effectiveness. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide an mine burial prediction fleet aid for operational Navy MCM decision making that incorporates recent research in burial mechanisms and seafloor sediment behavior. This predictive tool should provide an accurate assessment of the uncertainty inherent in these complex processes and properties in order to allow realistic risk evaluation.
Influence of an Enteric Polymer on Drug Release Rates of Theophylline from Pellets Coated with Eudragit® RS 30D

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the influence of an enteric polymer on the drug release properties of theophylline pellets coated with Eudragit RS 30D. Theophylline pellets were coated with aqueous colloidal dispersions of Eudragit RS 30D containing various amounts of Eudragit L 100-55. The effect of storage conditions on the release of drug from coated pellets was determined as a function of the pH of the dissolution medium. The results from the dissolution study showed significant changes in the dissolution rate of theophylline from pellets coated with Eudragit RS 30D when cured at 40 degrees C for 4 days. No change in the drug release rate was observed when Eudragit L100-55 was present in the Eudragit RS 30D dispersion. Increasing the ratio of Eudragit L100-55 to Eudragit RS 30D resulted in faster drug release rates from the coated pellets. An increase in the pH of the dissolution medium was found to enhance drug release from the pellets coated with Eudragit RS 30D containing Eudragit L 100-55. Theophylline pellets when coated with Eudragit RS 30D containing the enteric polymer Eudragit L100-55 demonstrated no aging effects when stored at elevated temperatures. The overcoating of the pellets with Eudragit RD 100 did not affect the drug release profiles and prevented the particles from agglomerating during curing and storage.
Ground-Water Pumping for Water Table Management and Drainage Control in the Western San Joaquin Valley

Drainage management strategies for control of salt and selenium contamination problems in the San Joaquin Valley (Valley) of California should account for subregional differences in ground-water chemistry and aquifer characteristics. Appropriate strategies include the reduction of surface applied irrigation water, the pumping of ground water to control shallow water tables, and the application of drainage reuse systems. The manner in which these techniques should be combined in a drainage management strategy depends on the quality of water supplied by each of these sources as well as economic considerations. In contrast to the other two strategies, ground-water pumping of the semiconfined aquifer of the western Valley has a finite life because of the limited volume of ground water available within the aquifer of acceptable quality for irrigation. Any reduction in the quality of applied irrigation water, due to blending with pumped ground water, and its consequent negative effect on crop yields, should be evaluated against the benefits realized by stabilizing saline water tables to levels below the active root zone. The rate at which the ground-water resource is depleted of water usable for direct application to crops is influenced by pumping rates, well field design, and existing chemical and textural stratification within the semiconfined aquifer.
Sleep Symptoms During the Menopausal Transition and Early Postmenopause: Observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study

Study Objectives: Describe the severity of getting to sleep, nighttime awakening, and early morning awakening across the menopausal transition (MT) and early postmenopause (PM) and their relationship to age, menopausal transition factors, symptoms, stress-related factors, and health related factors.
Indirect Hemagglutination Test for Varicella-Zoster Infection

An indirect hemagglutination test has been adapted for use with varicella-zoster serology. Antigen was made in infected WI-38 human diploid cell line. The indirect hemagglutination antigen seemed to be a subunit of the virus particle. The antibodies measured in the test are well correlated with neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies in cases of zoster but not in cases of varicella.
Interdependence and the location of economic activities

Abstract This paper deals with the ability of a decentralized price system to sustain an optimal assignment of activities assuming complete interdependence among them. There are two goods, each of which is used in its own production and in the production of the other, along with land. An infinitely elastic final demand exists for both goods at given market prices, and either good may be imported. It is demonstrated that a decentralized price system will sustain an optimal allocation of land, and that a nonoptimal allocation of land will not be sustained.
Pressure-diameter relationships in the coronary artery of intact, awake calves

Abstract We have developed a method for simultaneously measuring coronary artery pressure and diameter in intact, awake animals. Cattle were chronically instrumented with ultrasonic dimension gauges on the left common coronary artery. A high fidelity catheter-tip manometer was placed in the same vessel. Along with the coronary pressure-diameter measurements, simultaneous measurements of ECG, aortic pressure, left ventricular pressure, intrathoracic pressure, and the right atrial pressure were made in 5 calves and 1 dwarf cow. After the arteries had some time to recover from the trauma of the surgical intervention and instrumentation, we measured the pressure-diameter relationships at various post-operative time intervals. Control measurements were followed by measurements made after pharmacologic interventions in two of the animals. The various pressure-diameter curves are illustrated in this paper. In addition an empirical parameter of vessel wall stiffness, the pressure elastic modulus, ( E p ), was calculated. The average value of E p for the left coronary artery 24 h after surgery for the control state was 1.56 (±0.19 SEM) × 10 6 dyn/cm 2 .
Temporal variation in abundance of the egg predator Carcinonemertes epialti (Nemertea) and its effect on egg mortality of its host, the shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis

An outbreak of the nemertean, Carcinonemertes epialti, was observed on Hemigrapsus oregonensis during October, 1982 at Campbell Cove, Bodega Harbor, California. Mean worm intensity (296 worms/crab) was the highest recorded for this nemertean egg predator on H. oregonensis. During the outbreak, male crabs were found to harbor more worms than both non-ovigerous and ovigerous females. Crab egg mortality was substantial; 83% of the ovigerous females experienced 75 – 100% brood mortality. The seasonal peak in worm abundance coincided with the seasonal low in crab reproduction at this locality. A method for estimating the impact of C. epialti on H. oregonensis natality was developed using crab size and fecundity, and worm prevalence and intensity. For a non-outbreak sampling period, a mean of 5.6% egg mortality was experienced by infested crabs for the period selected. Thus, brood mortality during the outbreak was much greater than that experienced at non-outbreak periods. Heavy fishing pressure on some commercially important crab species has been suggested as a possible factor inducing worm outbreaks and facilitating their continued persistence. These observations suggest that fisheries are not necessarily responsible for the outbreaks of nemerteans on commercially important crab species. However, fishing pressure may still be a sufficient condition to promote nemertean outbreaks.
Identification of organochlorine pesticides in crude extracts by mass spectrometry

A method is described for identifying a chlorinated pesticide in crude extracts (i) at 1 ppm by low resolution mass spectrometry with the aid of a recently developed temperature controlled probe and (ii) at 0.01 ppm by high resolution techniques using a photoplate record to determine the mass deficient ions containing chlorine. This analytical method is feasible wherever ions of the same elemental composition as those derived from an unknown are not otherwise present in the crude extract mass spectrum.
Effect of noradrenaline and prostaglandin E1 on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation in isolated pericardial fat cells of man.

NORADRENALINE increases the intracellular concentration of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)1,2 which, in turn, enhances glycogenosis3 and lipolysis4,5 in adipose tissue by increasing Phosphorylase and lipase activities. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) antagonizes the induced increases in Phosphorylase activity6,7 and glycerol release in human adipose tissues8,9 and isolated adipocytes7. The finding that the stimulatory effects of the cyclic AMP analogue N6—O2 dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which mimics the hormonal effect of noradrenaline in human fat cells, are not blocked by PGE17 suggests that noradrenaline and PGE1 alter fat cell metabolism by acting on the adenyl cyclase system10. Whether noradrenaline and PGE1 alter concentrations of cyclic AMP in human fat cells, however, has not been reported.
METHODS FOR INCREASING YIELD AND IMPROVING QUALITY OF PETROLEUM PITCHES

In the work reported here, electrode pitches were obtained from a vacuum-reduced cracked resid (VCR) with an aromatic additive -- a heavy pyrolysis tar (HPT). A mixed charge with the required ratio of these components was heated at atmospheric pressure in a batch still unit. Timing of the run was started at the time initial decomposition (ffactionation) was observed, and the run was continued up to the formation of 50% distillate. The physicochemical characteristics of the components of the charge are listed in Table 1. The resuhs obtained in thermal processing of VCR, HPT, and blends of the two stocks are presented in Table 2. When the low-boiling aromatic additive is not present, the process is typical for cracked tars of this type. With increasing content of the HPT, the time corresponding to 50% distillate recovery becomes shorter. The longer time of 120 min that is observed for the blend with 5 % HPT can be explained by a "retardation effect" of thermocondensation processes that is observed in the thermal processing of cracked tars in mixture with a small amount of pyrolysis tar [4]. In the present series of experiments, the charge with 10% HPT proved to be optimal. From such a mixture, under otherwise equal conditions, a pitch with higher plasticity is obtained, with a greater yield. This pitch has a higher yield of coke residue and hence a higher pitch index (PI), which determines the processing and economic indexes of pitch production:
"New Negro" Men, World War I, and African American Masculinity in Guy Johnson's Standing at the Scratch Line

Cultural and social historians of World War I have emphasized the central role that the experiences of African American troops overseas played in the changing definitions of African American manhood in the early twentieth century. As Adriane Lentz-Smith observes in Freedom Struggles: African Americans and World War I (2009), those experiences “altered how these soldiers saw themselves as citizens, workers, heroes, and lovers and transformed how they interpolated those identities into their worldview” (7). This process of reconstructing and reconceptualizing the black male citizen in the public and private spheres of American life resulted in various black masculinities rather than in a single construct. As Martin Summers emphasizes in Manliness and Its Discontents: The Black Middle Class and the Transformation of Masculinity, 1900-1930 (2004), the outcome was multiple and diverse because the gradual transformation in understanding black manhood was not only an act of resistance to white male supremacist understandings of manliness and manhood but also an active, multifaceted process of black male agency and self-assertion that took place both “across a range of relationships” within the African American community and in dialogue with the world beyond (13). Despite the important role World War I played in the early-twentieth-century refashioning of black American manhood, very few current African American novelists have attempted to offer retrospective renderings or interpretations of this war’s complex and tension-ridden significance in black male identity formation in the United States. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Great War was present in various ways in several African American literary works, and permanently traumatized veterans also make a memorable appearance in the Golden Day episode of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952). However, late-twentieth-century novels depicting the experiences of African American World War I soldiers or veterans are rare, the most notable exception being Toni Morrison’s Sula (1973), with its sensitively drawn portrait of Shadrack; nor has the Great Twenty-First-Century African American Novel about World War I yet been written. Focusing on the
Theory of the magnetization and exchange-enhanced susceptibility of alloys. I. Zero-temperature susceptibility of paramagnetic alloys in the random-phase approximation.

A new theoretical treatment of the magnetic susceptibility of substitutionally disordered alloys is presented. This treatment goes beyond the existing treatments of the susceptibility of alloys in several important respects, although in the present paper (I of this series) it is confined to zero temperature and the random-phase approximation (RPA). Unlike treatments based on the single-site approximation, it yields results for the exchange-enhanced local susceptibilities chi/sub i//sub j/(..omega..) as a function of the local environment of sites i and j. Specifically, it includes the strong effects of the nonlinearity of the dependence of the chi/sub i//sub j/(..omega..) on local environments and the effects of short-range order on the uniform susceptibility chi(0,..omega..). This treatment goes beyond all previous cluster treatments of the susceptibility by treating exactly the embedding of a cluster in a given effective medium. Even more important, it is the first cluster theory to include exchange-enhancement effects in the embedding medium. Disorder in the exchange enhancement and in the local band susceptibility are treated on an equal footing. Finally, the formal connection between alloy band theory and the random-phase-approximation theory of alloy susceptibilities is elucidated. In particular, the problem of choosing the best self-consistency condition for the determination ofmore » the susceptibility chi-bar(q,..omega..) of the effective medium is considered in detail in light of the known results of alloy band theory« less
Precision passive mechanical alignment of wafers

A passive mechanical wafer alignment technique, capable of micron and better alignment accuracy, was developed, fabricated and tested. This technique is based on the principle of elastic averaging: It uses mating pyramid (convex) and groove (concave) elements, which have been previously patterned on the wafers, to passively align wafers to each other as they are stacked. The concave and convex elements were micro machined on 4-in (100) silicon wafers using wet anisotropic (KOH) etching and deep reactive ion etching. Submicron repeatability and accuracy on the order of one micron were shown through testing. Repeatability and accuracy were also measured as a function of the number of engaged elements. Submicrometer repeatability was achieved with as little as eight mating elements. Potential applications of this technique are precision alignment for bonding of multiwafer MEMS devices and three-dimensional (3-D) interconnect integrated circuits (ICs), as well as one-step alignment for simultaneous bonding of multiple wafer stacks. Future work will focus on minimizing the size of the elements.
The Latitudinal Structure of the Solar Wind in the Vicinity of the Solar Equator near Solar Minimum: 1986 and Predictions for 1997

In situ observations by different spacecraft have shown that the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) is associated with a narrow band of low speed high density solar wind. The inclination of the HCS and the three-dimensional structure of solar wind streams is related to the inclination of the coronal neutral line. Observations from the Ulysses spacecraft during the descending phase of solar cycle 22, when Wilcox Solar Observatory coronal field models suggest that the inclination of the coronal neutral line was between 50° and 70°, showed that the inclination of the HCS was ≃20° while solar wind streams were confined to heliographic latitudes less than 35°. At higher latitudes, low and medium speed solar wind disappeared and the solar wind speed was uniformly high. Observations from the Pioneer 11 - Voyager 2 spacecraft pair near the time of the 1986 solar minimum revealed a different structure. At that time the inclination of the coronal neutral line was unusually low (<10°-15°). Solar wind streams vanished near the solar equator and may have disappeared at most heliographic latitudes in the outer heliosphere. This has implications for the forthcoming Ulysses equatorial pass at the end of 1997, when the inclination of the coronal neutral line and the HCS are again expected to be low. If the HCS is sufficiently flat, conditions may resemble those observed near the time of the 1986 solar minimum and the solar wind stream structure may disappear at Ulysses near the solar equator.
Dry Matter Intake, Milk Yield and Composition, and Nitrogen Use in Holstein Cows Fed Soybean, Fish, or Corn Gluten Meals

Abstract Soybean meal, Atlantic menhaden fish meal, and corn gluten meal feeds varying in CP degradability and amino acid pattern were evaluated as supplements for high milk yield. Forty multiparous Holstein cows were fed a basal diet of corn silage:grain (blended, .8% urea, 12% CP, DM basis) ad libitum in wk 1 to 18 of lactation. During wk 1 to 3 of lactation, diet DM was 16% CP (basal plus soybean, fish, and corn gluten meals; each source contributed equal CP). On d 22, 10 cows were assigned to each of four diets: basal, 12% CP, DM basis or a diet containing 16% CP, DM basis with either soybean, fish, or corn gluten meal providing the supplemental CP. Cows readily ate all diets. Peak milk yields occurred later and were higher for cows fed soybean (wk 8, 38.9 kg/d) and fish meals (wk 9, 41.6 kg/d) compared with those fed the basal diet (wk 4, 31.0 kg/d) or corn gluten meal (wk 5, 37.5 kg/d). Milk protein yield was greater for cows fed soybean and fish meals. Fish meal decreased milk fat test (3.3 to 2.8%); however, due to differences in milk yields, fat yields were similar for cows fed soybean and fish meals. Productive N (milk + retained N) was greater and BW loss was less for cows fed soybean and fish meals. These data indicate the importance of CP degradability and amino acid pattern on performance.
InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb heterojunction phototransistors for infrared applications

High quality infrared (IR) quantum detectors are important for several applications, such as atmospheric remote sensing, chemical detection and absorption spectroscopy. Although several IR detectors are commercially available, with different materials and structures, they provide limited performance regarding the signal-to-noise ratio and the corresponding minimum detectable signal. InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb heterojunction based phototransistors show strong potential for developing IR sensors with improved performance. In this paper, the performance of a novel npn InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb heterojunction phototransistor is presented. This performance study is based on experimental characterization of the device dark current, noise and spectral response. Detectivity of 1.7x10(exp 9) cmHz(exp 1/2)/W at 2 microns was obtained at 100 C temperature and 2 V bias voltage. This corresponds to a responsivity of 94.7 A/W and an internal gain of 156 with about 37.7% quantum efficiency. Reducing the temperature to -30 C allows to increase the bias to 3V and enhance the detectivity to 8.7x10(exp 10) cmHz(exp 1/2)/W at the same wavelength, which corresponds to a responsivity of 386.5 A/W and an internal gain of 288.2 with about 83.3% quantum efficiency. The device impulse response and linearity, including the corresponding dynamic range, also are presented. Impulse response analysis indicated a settling time of about 1.1 s at 2V and 100 C, while linearity measurements indicated a constant responsivity in the radiation intensity range of 1.6x10(exp -7) W/sq cm and 31.6 mW/sq cm.
Modified predictor–corrector numerical scheme for real‐time pseudo dynamic tests using state‐space formulation

This paper deals with an explicit numerical integration method for real-time pseudo dynamic tests. The proposed method, termed the MPC-SSP method, is suited to use in real-time pseudo dynamic tests as no iteration steps are involved in each step of computation. A procedure for implementing the proposed method in real-time pseudo dynamic tests is described in the paper. A state-space approach is employed in this study to formulate the equations of motion of the system, which is advantageous in real-time pseudo dynamic testing of structures with active control devices since most structural control problems are formulated in state space. A stability and accuracy analysis of the proposed method was performed based on linear elastic systems. Owing to an extrapolation scheme employed to predict the system's future response, the MPC-SSP method is conditionally stable. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the MPC-SSP method, a series of numerical simulations were performed and the performance of the MPC-SSP method was compared with other pseudo dynamic testing methods including Explicit Newmark, Central Difference, Operator Splitting, and OS-SSP methods based on both linear and non-linear single-degree-of-freedom systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are Media Needs Being Met for the Beginning Teacher

Dual surveys were conducted in the Spring of 1989 to aid in answering the title question. Elementary school teachers in Kansas were surveyed to learn of the use they make of media in the classroom. The Kansas teacher education institutions were surveyed at the same time to learn of the media instruction provided for the pre-service teacher. A comparison of the two sets of data suggested the content of the instructional media component of the undergraduate degree in education matches the use the practicing teacher makes of the various media formats. What is taught about instructional media in the teacher education program is what is used by the classroom teacher is essentially a correct assessment. The only modifications necessary to align the media curriculum to better meet the needs of the beginning teacher seem to be 1) to enhance the instruction regarding the use of video-tape and maps as instructional media and 2) to discontinue instruction regarding the use of 35 mm slides because only 13.2 percent o...