cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and quantitative characterization of the precursor rheology of hyaluronic acid hydrogels for bioprinting.

Abstract Bioprinting technologies have tremendous potential for advancing regenerative medicine due to the precise spatial control over depositing a printable biomaterial, or bioink. Despite the growing interest in bioprinting, the field is challenged with developing biomaterials for extrusion-based bioprinting. The paradigm of contemporary bioink studies relies on trial-and-error methods for discovering printable biomaterials, which has little practical use for others who endeavor to develop bioinks. There is pressing need to follow the precedent set by a few pioneering studies that have attempted to standardize bioink characterizations for determining the properties that define printability. Here, we developed a pentenoate-functionalized hyaluronic acid hydrogel (PHA) into a printable bioink and used three recommended, quantitative rheological assessments to characterize the printability: 1) yield stress, 2) viscosity, and 3) storage modulus recovery. The most important characteristic is the yield stress; we found a yield stress upper limit of ∼1000 Pa for PHA. Measuring the viscosity was advantageous for determining shear-thinning behavior, which aided in extruding highly viscous PHA through a nozzle. Post-printing recovery is required to maintain shape fidelity and we found storage modulus recoveries above ∼85% were sufficient for PHA. Two formulations had superior printability (i.e., 1.5 MDa PHA − 4 wt%, and 1 MDa PHA − 8 wt%), and increasing cell concentrations in PHA up to 9 × 106 cells/mL had minimal effects on the printability. Even so, other factors such as sterilization and peptide modifications to enhance bioactivity may influence printability, highlighting the need for investigators to consider such factors when developing new bioinks. Statement of significance Bioprinting has potential for regenerating damaged tissues; however, there are a limited number of printable biomaterials, and developing new bioinks is challenging because the required material physical properties for extrusion-based printing are not yet known. Most new bioinks are developed by trial-and-error, which is neither efficient nor comparable across materials. There is a need for the field to begin utilizing standard methods proposed by a few pioneering studies to characterize new bioinks. Therefore, we have developed the printability of a hyaluronic acid based-hydrogel and characterized the material with three quantitative rheological tests. The current work impacts the bioprinting field by demonstrating and encouraging the use of universal bioink characterizations and by providing printability windows to advance new bioink development.
Prevalence and molecular etiology of mismatch repair deficiency among gastrointestinal cancers.

215Background: In light of recent FDA approval of anti-PD-1 therapy for microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, identifying patients with dMMR tumors has b...
Two cases of severe neutropenia in patients on low-dose methotrexate and ceftriaxone.

Purpose There are limited data on the effect of ceftriaxone on methotrexate clearance, with results of some studies indicating altered methotrexate pharmacokinetics with the administration of ceftriaxone. We describe 2 possible cases demonstrating an interaction between methotrexate and ceftriaxone, resulting in profound neutropenia. Summary The decision to continue methotrexate therapy in the setting of surgery or during treatment of an active infection continues to be a topic of debate due to perceived negative effects on the healing process. Methotrexate is typically administered at a lower dose for inflammatory arthritis than for hematologic indications, thus having less immunosuppression potential. However, if methotrexate is continued during treatment of infection, drug interactions along with effects on the healing process should be considered. Ceftriaxone is commonly considered safe for long-term therapy due to its favorable adverse effect and drug interaction profile. Ceftriaxone is partially eliminated via organic anion transporters in the kidneys, leading to potential competition with methotrexate clearance in the renal tubules. Clinicians using these drugs concurrently should be aware of the potential for development of neutropenia and monitor patients receiving this combination closely. Conclusion Two patients receiving ceftriaxone therapy in the setting of a joint infection developed profound neutropenia after resuming oral methotrexate therapy for inflammatory arthritis.
Double-Row Repair Technique Provides Improved Dynamic Stabilization over Single-Row Repairs for Acute Bony Bankart Lesions:

Objectives:Previous studies of bony Bankart repair comparing single- and double-row reconstruction techniques have examined static forces required to displace the bony Bankart lesion. No studies, t...
Experiments and finite element modeling of hydrodynamics and mass transfer for continuous gas-to-liquid biocatalysis using a biocomposite falling film reactor

Abstract We investigated the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of falling liquid films over a rough, hydrophilic paper surface with experiments and finite element modeling. These results are critical for designing a novel gas-to-liquid continuous bioreactor with cells immobilized on the vertical surface of a paper biocomposite. The paper substrate allows investigations at very low Reynolds numbers while maintaining an unbroken liquid film. A finite element model was developed to give 10 fold faster simulation result for designing a prototype laboratory scale bioreactor. Excellent agreement was found in both the film properties and mass transfer performance between experiments and simulations. At Re
Gain Margin of a First Order System with Two Delayed Sensors

Wireless sensor networks allow for the deployment of multiple redundant sensors in a feedback control system. However, inherent delays in the sensor networks have the ability to degrade the performance and stability of the closed loop. This paper addresses the stability robustness of a first order system with two delayed sensors. It is shown that the gain margin of the closed loop system can be modified (increased) based on the appropriate choice of feedback gains (weights) for each delayed sensor. Additionally, the maximum range of gains for which the closed loop system is stable is shown to be a function of the maximum possible cross-over frequency for the closed loop system that in turn is dependent on the magnitude of the larger delay.
Torque and cadence tracking in functional electrical stimulation induced cycling using passivity-based spatial repetitive learning control

Abstract Due to the inherent periodic nature of cycling tasks, iterative and repetitive learning controllers are well motivated for rehabilitative cycling. Motorized functional electrical stimulation induced cycling is a rehabilitation treatment where multiple lower-limb muscle groups are activated jointly with an electric motor to achieve cycling objectives such as speed (cadence) and torque tracking. This paper examines torque tracking accomplished by the stimulation of six lower-limb muscles via a novel spatial repetitive learning control and cadence regulation by an electric motor using a sliding-mode controller. A desired torque trajectory is constructed based on the rider’s kinematic efficiency, which is a function of the crank position. The learning controller takes advantage of the periodicity of the desired torque trajectory to provide a feedforward input to the stimulated muscles. A passivity-based analysis is developed to ensure stability of the torque and cadence closed-loop error systems. The muscle learning and electric motor controllers were implemented in real-time during cycling experiments on five able-bodied individuals and three participants with movement disorders. The combined average cadence tracking error was 0 . 01 ± 1 . 20 RPM for a 50 RPM trajectory and the combined average power tracking error was 1 . 78 ± 1 . 25 W for a peak power of 10 W.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease for historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups living with HIV: A narrative review of the literature

Abstract Despite developments to improve health in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities persist. These disparities have profound impact on the wellbeing of historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups. This narrative review explores disparities by race in people living with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We discuss selected common social determinants of health for both of these conditions which include; regional historical policies, incarceration, and neighborhood effects. Data on racial disparities for persons living with comorbid HIV and CVD are lacking. We found few published articles (n = 7) describing racial disparities for persons living with both comorbid HIV and CVD. Efforts to reduce CVD morbidity in historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups with HIV must address participation in clinical research, social determinants of health and translation of research into clinical practice.
Baby poop peritonitis.

A 43-year-old black male with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to hypertension on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) since
Association between patient-initiated emails and overall 2-year survival in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: Evidence from the real-world setting.

PURPOSE Prior studies suggest email communication between patients and providers may improve patient engagement and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patient-initiated emails are associated with overall survival benefits among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified patient-initiated emails through the patient portal in electronic health records (EHR) among 9900 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy between 2013 and 2018. Email users were defined as patients who sent at least one email 12 months before to 2 months after chemotherapy started. A propensity score-matched cohort analysis was carried out to reduce bias due to confounding (age, primary cancer type, gender, insurance payor, ethnicity, race, stage, income, Charlson score, county of residence). The cohort included 3223 email users and 3223 non-email users. The primary outcome was overall 2-year survival stratified by email use. Secondary outcomes included number of face-to-face visits, prescriptions, and telephone calls. The healthcare teams' response to emails and other forms of communication was also investigated. Finally, a quality measure related to chemotherapy-related inpatient and emergency department visits was evaluated. RESULTS Overall 2-year survival was higher in patients who were email users, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.80 (95 CI 0.72-0.90; p < 0.001). Email users had higher rates of healthcare utilization, including face-to-face visits (63 vs. 50; p < 0.001), drug prescriptions (28 vs. 21; p < 0.001), and phone calls (18 vs. 16; p < 0.001). Clinical quality outcome measure of inpatient use was better among email users (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Patient-initiated emails are associated with a survival benefit among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and may be a proxy for patient engagement. As value-based payment models emphasize incorporating the patients' voice into their care, email communications could serve as a novel source of patient-generated data.
The Innovest Ratings of Chinese Organizations

We selected performance relationships of 14 Chinese companies listed on the Hong Kong and Shanghai Stock Exchange s and compared them to three benchmarked comparison groups, all of which were rated by Innovest iRatings. Twelve of 14 Chinese organizations were given the lowest Innovest rating that would usually constitute a clear “Sell/Do Not Buy” market signal. These Chinese companies were compared to industry- and size-matched non-Chinese firms which were organised into three category groupings: top-, average-, and low-ranked based upon their Innovest iRatings. We compared the Chinese organizations to these three benchmarked groups on the following three measures: the firm’s period beta (β) from the one-factor capital asset pricing model (CAPM), market capitalization (MCAP), and net operating income (NOI). We found no support for the low ratings given to the Chinese companies by Innovest, in that the performance profiles of these Chinese firms on MCAP and NOI were not statistically significantly different from any of the benchmarked firm groupings. Further, with respect to β, we found strong support for upside and downside--that is, symmetric volatility, counter to the downside and limited-upside volatility suggested by the low Innovest iRatings ratings.
The Search for Intelligence

IQ and Human Intelligence. N. J. Mackintosh. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. 429 pp. $98, £55. ISBN 0-19-852368-8. Paper, $35, £19.95. ISBN 0-19-852367-X. Addressing one of the most controversial subjects in science, Mackintosh offers a thorough, balanced, and thoughtful overview of measuring and explaining the general nature of intelligence.
Lupus Cerebellitis Presenting With Ataxia: A Case Report:

We report a case of a woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus who developed persistent ataxia and was diagnosis with lupus cerebellitis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed ...
Antigenic subunits of Hantaan virus expressed by baculovirus and vaccinia virus recombinants.

Abstract Baculovirus and vaccinia virus vectors were used to express the small (S) and medium (M) genome segments of Hantaan virus. Expression of the complete S or M segments yielded proteins electrophoretically indistinguishable from Hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein or envelope glycoproteins (G1 and G2), and expression of portions of the M segment, encoding either G1 or G2 alone, similarly yielded proteins which closely resembled authentic Hantaan virus proteins. The expressed envelope proteins retained all antigenic sites defined by a panel of monoclonal antibodies to Hantaan virus G1 and G2 and elicited antibodies in animals which reacted with authentic viral proteins. A Hantaan virus infectivity challenge model in hamsters was used to assay induction of protective immunity by the recombinant-expressed proteins. Recombinants expressing both G1 and G2 induced higher titer antibody responses than those expressing only G1 or G2 and protected most animals from infection with Hantaan virus. Baculovirus recombinants expressing only nucleocapsid protein also appeared to protect some animals from challenge. Passively transferred neutralizing monoclonal antibodies similarly prevented infection, suggesting that an antibody response alone is sufficient for immunity to Hantaan virus.
A Linear Discontinuous Galerkin Approximation for the Continuous Slowing Down Operator

A linear discontinuous Galerkin treatment is developed for the continuous slowing down operator. Multigroup Legendre coefficients are derived that allow this treatment to be implemented in standard S/sub ETA/ codes. A synthetic acceleration scheme is developed to accelerate the outer iterations required by this treatment. A computational comparison between the diamond difference treatment and the linear discontinuous treatment is given.
1 – SET THEORY

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the concept of set theory. A set is a collection of objects; the objects are called the elements or members of the set. Two sets A and B are said to be equal if they have the same elements. If every member of a set A is also a member of a set B, then A is a subset of B. If A and B are two given sets, the set of all elements that belong to both A and B is a new set, called the intersection of A and B; it is denoted by the symbol A ∩ B. The intersection of any collection of sets is the set of elements that belong to every one of the sets in the collection. If A and B are two given sets, the set of all elements that belong to either A or B or both is a new set, called the union of A and B; it is denoted by the symbol A ∪ B. Given any collection of sets, their union is the set of elements that belong to one or more of the sets in the collection. If U is the universal set and A is a subset of U, the set of all elements in U that are not members of A is called the complement of A.
Morbilliform Drug Eruptions

Morbilliform drug eruptions, also called exanthematous drug eruptions, are a form of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity characterized by erythematous macules or papules that coalesce to form large plaques. The eruption usually occurs 5 days to 2 weeks after administration of the causative agent. The most common causes are antibiotics, anti-epileptics, allopurinol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS), anxiolytics, anti-hypertensives, and diuretics. They can also be associated with viral infections, illicit drug use, blood products, IV contrast media, and may have a genetic predisposition. With the cessation of the causative drug, morbilliform eruptions usually resolve within 1–2 weeks. The main histological features of morbilliform drug eruptions are a superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate and interstitial spongiotic and psoriasisiform dermatitis in conjunction with vacuolar interface changes. Although not completely understood, the immunological mechanisms for morbilliform drug eruptions involve a type IVb and IVc hypersensitivity reaction, as described by Gell and Coombs. Treatment for exanthematous drug reactions includes cessation of the causative agent and treatment of symptoms associated with the reaction, particularly pruritus.
The microbiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication of ventilatory support for patients with acute respiratory failure and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. Awareness of the microbiology of VAP is essential for selecting optimal antibiotic therapy and improving these outcomes. The specific microbial causes of VAP are many and varied. Most cases of VAP are caused by bacterial pathogens that normally colonize the oropharynx and gut, or that are acquired via transmission by health-care workers from environmental surfaces or from other patients. Common pathogens include Pseudomonas species and other highly resistant Gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci, the Enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, and Haemophilus species. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are much more common after prior antibiotic treatment or prolonged hospitalization or mechanical ventiation, and when other risk factors are present. The bacterial pathogens responsible for VAP also vary depending on patient characteristics and in certain clinical circumstances, such as in acute respiratory distress syndrome or following tracheostomy, traumatic injuries, or burns. But these differences appear to be due primarily to the duration of mechanical ventilation and/or degree of prior antibiotic exposure of these patients. The causes of VAP can vary considerably by geographic location (even between units in the same hospital), emphasizing the importance of local epidemiological and microbiological data. Atypical bacteria, viruses, and fungi also have been implicated as causes of VAP, but these pathogens have not been studied systematically and their role is presently unclear. In conclusion, information about the microbiology of VAP serves to guide optimal antibiotic therapy. The risk of antibiotic-resistant pathogens can be estimated using simple clinical features and awareness of local microbiology patterns. The roles of atypical bacterial and nonbacterial pathogens in VAP are incompletely understood and should be investigated further.
Transient kinetics of substrate binding to Na+K+-ATPase measured by fluorescence quenching

This paper examines the transient kinetics of substrate binding to the Na+/K(+)-ATPase labelled with iodoacetamidofluorescein (IAF) using fluorescence quenching by trinitrophenyl-ATP (TNP-ATP). Earlier work (E.H. Hellen, P.R. Pratap, 1996, Fluorescence quenching of IAF-Na+/K(+)-ATPase via energy transfer to TNP-labelled nucleotide, Proceedings of the VIIIth International Conference on the Na+/K(+)-ATPase, in press) has shown that TNP-nucleotide binds to specific sites (from which unlabelled nucleotide can displace it) and nonspecific sites (from which unlabelled nucleotide cannot displace it). Under stopped-flow conditions, quenching of IAF-enzyme fluorescence was well described by a stretched exponential (F(t) = F infinity + delta F exp[-Bt alpha]). Physically, this function may be interpreted in terms of its inverse Laplace transform phi (k), which describes a distribution of rate-constants; alpha reflects the width of this distribution. As TNP-ATP concentration increased, alpha decreased, reflecting TNP-ATP binding to sites with higher energy barriers. alpha decreased by about the same amount with increasing [TNP-ATP] in the presence of saturating ATP, indicating that the distribution of rate-constants is largely associated with the nonspecific binding sites. However, alpha was significantly less than 1 for ATP-induced fluorescence recovery in the presence of TNP-ATP, indicating that rate-constants associated with specific binding site are also distributed. The distribution of rate-constants for binding to the specific site indicates a distribution in the energy of the transition state for substrate binding. These results suggest that the specific binding site (in either the empty or the full state) may exist in a series of conformations separated by small energy barriers. However, the energy barriers for binding associated with these conformations are significantly distributed.
Histological evaluation of the nodules resected in the treatment of pulmonary metastatic disease.

During an 18 month period, 41 patients who had previously had a primary tumor removed, underwent 60 operations for resection of newly detected radiographic pulmonary nodules. Primary tumors included 16 osteogenic sarcomas, 9 malignant melanomas, 12 soft tissue sarcomas, 1 Ewing's sarcoma, 2 adenocarcinomas of the rectum, and 1 testicular teratocarcinoma. One hundred and eight-one pulmonary specimens were submitted for pathologic examination and 149 discrete nodules were found in these specimens by the pathologist (83%). Metastases represented 76–100% of nodules removed in 68% of the operations, 51–75% of nodules in 12%, 26–50% of nodules in 14%, and less than 25% of nodules in 6% of the cases. Metastatic disease was found in 90% of cases where nodules were greater than or equal to 0.5 cm in diameter, while metastases were found in only 33% of cases where the largest nodules removed were less than 0.5 cm. In only two cases did the histology of the pulmonary metastases differ from that of the primary tumor. We conclude that although benign lesions cannot be distinguished from metastases except by resection, nodules less than 0.5 cm in diameter probably should be observed for a further increase in size prior to operation.
Prediction of built-up edge formation in machining with round edge and sharp tools using a neural network approach

Built-up edge (BUE) formation in machining has a profound effect on the cutting forces and vibrations, the quality of machined surfaces, etc. Prediction of BUE formation is important for machining optimisation and tool condition monitoring. This article presents a neural network approach to predicting BUE formation in orthogonal machining of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy with round edge and sharp tools. Extensive cutting experiments within and beyond the range of BUE formation were conducted. The cutting forces and vibrations were measured. The experimental data were employed to develop the Resource Allocation Network (RAN) models and the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network models for round edge and sharp tools. The inputs to the models include the cutting speed, the feed rate, the cutting force, the thrust force and the vibration amplitude. The output is a 3-bit binary code that represents the three BUE states corresponding to different cutting conditions. The results show that the overall prediction accuracy of the RAN models is 4.5% higher than that of the MLP models for round edge and sharp tools. Not only do the RAN models learn faster, but they also make a more accurate prediction of BUE formation than do the MLP models.
Information seeking with Wikipedia on the iPod Touch

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a usability study which inquired into undergraduate student information seeking with Wikipedia on the iPod touch.Design/methodology/approach – Data are drawn from iPod search logs and student survey responses. Search log data are coded with FRBR subject entities (group 3 entity sets) for analysis.Findings – Students characterize the overall nature of information searched for with the Wikipedia app to be for recreational and for short factual information. Recreational searching as a way in which undergraduate students utilize mobile technology is an earlier finding of Wikipedia iPod usage, and is verified as a trend of undergraduate student search using the iPod. All undergraduate student participants of the Wikipedia app on a mobile interface report this tool as helping to become more efficient in their research. Students viewed Wikipedia articles about people and concepts more so than other article types.Originality/value – Undergraduate st...
Sliding contact fracture of dental ceramics: Principles and validation

Ceramic prostheses are subject to sliding contact under normal and tangential loads. Accurate prediction of the onset of fracture at two contacting surfaces holds the key to greater long-term performance of these prostheses. In this study, building on stress analysis of Hertzian contact and considering fracture criteria for linear elastic materials, a constitutive fracture mechanics relation was developed to incorporate the critical fracture load with the contact geometry, coefficient of friction and material fracture toughness. Critical loads necessary to cause fracture under a sliding indenter were calculated from the constitutive equation, and compared with the loads predicted from elastic stress analysis in conjunction with measured critical load for frictionless normal contact—a semi-empirical approach. The major predictions of the models were calibrated with experimentally determined critical loads of current and future dental ceramics after contact with a rigid spherical slider. Experimental results conform with the trends predicted by the models.
How does corporate social responsibility affect consumer response to service failure in buyer–seller relationships?

The researchers investigate how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects customer response following service failure within the context of buyer–seller relationships. A series of three experiments demonstrate that CSR is more effective under communal (vs. exchange) relationship norms, consistent with the alignment of CSR with the communal norm of concern for the needs of others. The effectiveness of CSR is also shown to vary as a function of company motives and CSR framing, serving as theoretically and managerially relevant boundary conditions. Together, these findings increase our understanding of how and when CSR will have a positive impact on consumers and, in turn, companies via customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Response of the Adriatic Sea to an intense cold air outbreak: Dense water dynamics and wave-induced transport

Abstract The paper describes formation and spreading of dense shelf waters in the Adriatic Sea (North Adriatic Dense Water, NAdDW) during the winter of 2012 as a consequence of an intense and long cold air outbreak of northeasterly Bora winds. As a result, during February 2012 northern Adriatic Sea water temperature dropped to about 6 °C and density exceeded 1030 kg/m3, most likely the maximum value since 1929. NAdDW dynamics has been investigated by means of a 3-D ocean-wave coupled model running on a high resolution and eddy-permitting grid. The numerical experiments have relied on the Coupled-Ocean–Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment-Transport (COAWST) system forced one-way with atmospheric forcings provided by the model COSMO-I7. A suite of observational data has been used to characterize the Bora event and evaluate numerical model performance. At sub-basin scales, the newly formed waters flowing southerly have produced a water renewal of the northern Adriatic, as more than 50% of water volumes have left the basin. Dense waters volume transports, evaluated through different Adriatic cross-sections, have been modulated by tides (damped for the densest water masses) and reached about 1 Sv. The contribution of wave-induced forcings has been quantified and examined, indicating that these represent a major driving mechanism during NAdDW production and spreading phases. This work provides evidence that NAdDW is spread accordingly with two different mechanisms: at early stages of its formation, the wind-driven ocean circulation pushes newly formed waters to leave the northern basin with relatively high speeds (about 0.30 m/s). Later on, remaining NAdDW leaks slowly out (0.09 m/s as average) from the production site. Residence times of dense waters in the north, middle, and south Adriatic Sea are also documented.
GaPO4 sensors for gravimetric monitoring during atomic layer deposition at high temperatures.

The quartz crystal microbalance is extremely useful for in situ monitoring of thin-film growth by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a viscous flow environment. Unfortunately, conventional AT-quartz sensors are limited to growth temperatures below ∼300 °C. Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) is an alternative piezoelectric material offering much greater high-temperature frequency stability than AT-quartz (SiO2). Our measurements reveal that the temperature coefficient for Y-11° GaPO4 decreases linearly with temperature reaching 3 Hz/°C at 450 °C. In contrast, the temperature coefficient for the SiO2 sensor increases as the cube of the sensor temperature to 650 Hz/°C at 390 °C. To examine the effect of temperature fluctuations on the sensor frequency, we exposed the SiO2 and GaPO4 sensors to helium pulses at 400 °C. The resulting frequency change measured for the SiO2 sensor was ∼40 times greater than that of the GaPO4 sensor. Next, we performed Al2O3 ALD using alternating tri-methylaluminum/water exposures at 40...
Roles of semiquinone species in proton pumping mechanism by complex I.

Complex I (NDH-1) translocates protons across the membrane using electron transfer energy. Two different coupling mechanisms are currently being discussed for complex I: direct (redox-driven) and indirect (conformation-driven). Semiquinone (SQ) intermediates are suggested to be key for the coupling mechanism. Recently, using progressive power saturation and simulation techniques, three distinct SQ species were resolved by EPR analysis of E. coli complex I reconstituted into proteoliposomes. The fast-relaxing SQ (SQNf) signals completely disappeared in the presence of the uncoupler gramicidin D or the potent E. coli complex I inhibitor squamotacin. The slow-relaxing SQ (SQNs) signals were insensitive to gramicidin D, but they were sensitive to squamotacin. The very slow-relaxing SQ (SQNvs) signals were insensitive to both gramicidin D and squamotacin. Interestingly, no SQNs signal was observed in the ΔNuoL mutant, which lacks transporter module subunits NuoL and NuoM. Furthermore, we sought out the effect of using menaquinone (which has a lower redox potential compared to that of ubiquinone) as an electron acceptor on the proton pumping stoichiometry by in vitro reconstitution experiments with ubiquinone-rich or menaquinone-rich double knock-out membrane vesicles, which contain neither complex I nor NDH-2 (non-proton translocating NADH dehydrogenase). No difference in the proton pumping stoichiometry between menaquinone and ubiquinone was observed in the ΔNuoL and D178N mutants, which are considered to lack the indirect proton pumping mechanism. However, the proton pumping stoichiometry with menaquinone decreased by half in the wild-type. The roles and relationships of SQ intermediates in the coupling mechanism of complex I are discussed.
Gender differences in false memory production

The present study investigated differences in false memory production between men and women, using the Deese/Roedgier McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Five word lists were used (MAN, GIRL, BREAD, BLACK, HIGH) and it was predicted that males would produce more false memories for the MAN word list while females will produce more false memories for the GIRL word list. Results did not confirm our predictions. Gender was neither a significant main effect, nor did it interact with any factors. Test and List x Test were the only significant main or interaction effects, respectively. Results are discussed as they relate to gender differences in cognitive processing.
The ontogeny of flehmen in horses

Abstract Flehmen behaviour in Welsh pony ( Equus caballus ) mares and foals living on pasture was observed during 807 h of focal sampling. A series of flehmens performed at one site was defined as a flehmen incident. Colts exhibited flehmen incidents and performed flehmen more frequently during an incident than did fillies or mares. Filies exhibited flehmen incidents more frequently than did mares, but did not flehmen more frequently during an incident. Colts exhibited a peak frequency of performing flehmen and of flehmen incidents during weeks 1–4 with a subsequent linear decrease in frequency up to weeks 17–20. Usually, flehmen occurred without the subject having had direct contact of the nostrils, lips, or tongue with a possible stimulant. Twenty-six per cent of the flehmen incidents occurred during or after urination by another pony. Seven per cent of the incidents occurred during or after urination by the pony showing flehmen.
An Evaluation of Multiscalar Drought Indices in Nevada and Eastern California

AbstractNevada and eastern California are home to some of the driest and warmest climates, most mountainous regions, and fastest growing metropolitan areas of the United States. Throughout Nevada and eastern California, snow-dominated watersheds provide most of the water supply for both human and environmental demands. Increasing demands on finite water supplies have resulted in the need to better monitor drought and its associated hydrologic and agricultural impacts. Two multiscalar drought indices, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), are evaluated over Nevada and eastern California regions of the Great Basin using standardized streamflow, lake, and reservoir water surface stages to quantify wet and dry periods. Results show that both metrics are significantly correlated to surface water availability, with SPEI showing slightly higher correlations over SPI, suggesting that the inclusion of a simple term for atmospheric demand in S...
Ocean-ridge basalts with convergent-margin geochemical affinities from the Chile Ridge

COLLISIONS between active spreading centres and subduction zones have occurred frequently throughout Earth history1. Of the few sites of ridge subduction active today, the southern Chile Ridge has the simplest tectonic history2. We report here that basalts recovered from the Chile Ridge adjacent to the Chile Trench have geochemical characteristics unlike those of mid-ocean-ridge basalts sampled elsewhere, and show affinities with arc volcanics. The observed chemical variations are consistent with contamination of depleted sub-oceanic mantle by marine sediments and altered oceanic crust, which may have been derived from the adjacent subduction zone. Although some ocean islands show evidence of crustal recycling3–5, the Chile Ridge lavas are the first ocean-ridge basalts to exhibit such extreme geochemical characteristics, and may thus offer the opportunity to study the development of one type of mantle heterogeneity as it occurs. The discovery of ocean-ridge basalts with convergent-margin chemical characteristics suggests that caution is warranted in using trace-element systematics to identify the provenance (mid-ocean ridge or supra-subduction zone) of ophiolites6,7.
Isolation and Characterization of Defatted Canola Meal Protein

Protein was extracted and isolated from canola oil processing waste. Canola is an increasingly important oilseed crop worldwide. More than 99% of protein was extracted from crude commercial hexane defatted canola meal when a 5% w/v suspension in 0.4% w/v NaOH was agitated for 60 min at room temperature in baffled flasks on an orbital shaker at 180−200 rpm. Protein recovery was 87.5% upon precipitation with acetic acid. The major proteins in canola seed were glutelins (91.8% soluble in 0.4% w/v NaOH) and globulins (50.9% soluble in 5% w/v NaCl) as measured by separate extractions. Canola proteins had poor solubility between pH 2 and 10 for all dispersion solutions. Solubility of protein isolates was 60% or less. Extraction and precipitation procedure did not produce lysinoalanine. Amino acid profile of isolates indicated high nutritional quality for use in products for 10−12-year-olds and adults. Keywords: Canola meal; canola meal protein; protein quality
Diatom-based paleolimnological reconstruction of regional climate and local land-use change from a protected sinkhole lake in southern Florida, USA

Despite their sensitivity to climate variability, few of the abundant sinkhole lakes of Florida have been the subject of paleolimnological studies to discern patterns of change in aquatic communities and link them to climate drivers. However, deep sinkhole lakes can contain highly resolved paleolimnological records that can be used to track long-term climate variability and its interaction with effects of land-use change. In order to understand how limnological changes were regulated by regional climate variability and further modified by local land-use change in south Florida, we explored diatom assemblage variability over centennial and semi-decadal time scales in an ~11,000-yr and a ~150-yr sediment core extracted from a 21-m deep sinkhole lake, Lake Annie, on the protected property of Archbold Biological Station. We linked variance in diatom assemblage structure to changes in water total phosphorus, color, and pH using diatom-based transfer functions. Reconstructions suggest the sinkhole depression contained a small, acidic, oligotrophic pond ~11000–7000 cal yr BP that gradually deepened to form a humic lake by ~4000 cal yr BP, coinciding with the onset of modern precipitation regimes and the stabilization of sea-level indicated by corresponding palynological records. The lake then contained stable, acidophilous planktonic and benthic algal communities for several thousand years. In the early AD 1900s, that community shifted to one diagnostic of an even lower pH (~5.6), likely resulting from acid precipitation. Further transitions over the past 25 yr reflect recovery from acidification and intensified sensitivity to climate variability caused by enhanced watershed runoff from small drainage ditches dug during the mid-twentieth Century on the surrounding property.
L 1 adaptive output-feedback controller for linear time-varying reference systems

This paper presents the L1 adaptive controller for a class of uncertain systems in the presence of time and state-dependent unknown nonlinearities. The L1 controller achieves performance specifications, defined via a time-varying reference system, using output-feedback. We prove that subject to standard regularity assumptions, the L1 adaptive controller ensures uniformly bounded transient and steady-state tracking for system's input and output signals simultaneously. The performance bounds can be systematically improved by reducing the sample time. Simulations verify the theoretical findings.
Alterations of the Physical Characteristics of Milk from Transgenic Mice Producing Bovine κ-Casein

Abstract κ -Casein is the protein fraction of milk that allows formation of micelles and determines micelle size and function, thus affecting many of the physical characteristics of milk. Several lines of transgenic mice were generated bearing the B allele of the bovine κ -CN gene under the control of the regulatory sequences of the caprine β -CN gene that specifically directed expression of bovine κ -CN to the lactating mammary tissue of these mice. High expression of bovine κ -CN protein was observed in the lines studied; the total level of protein in milk was not significantly affected. A high degree of conservation in the amino acids involved in the predicted three-dimensional structure exists between murine and bovine κ -CN. Milk from transgenic lines expressing high bovine κ -CN had a significantly smaller micelle size than did control milk. Therefore, bovine κ -CN appears to have effectively participated in assembly of murine casein micelles. There was no effect on the time of rennet coagulation, but the association was significant between the milk of transgenic lines and the production of a stronger curd in rennet-induced gels. We conclude that bovine κ -CN is an appropriate candidate for transgenic technology that would increase the ratio of κ -CN to the calcium-sensitive caseins, therefore affecting the physical properties of the colloidal casein suspension.
The crystal and molecular structure of a heptacoordinated molybdenum compound, mononitrosylmolybdenum tris(NN-di-n-butyldithiocarbamate)

Abstract The crystal structure of tris(N,N-di-n-butyldithiocarbamato) molybdenum(II) nitrosyl has been determined from the three dimensional X-ray data collected by precession methods and measured with a scanning microdensitometer. The material crystallizes in the space group P21/c with four molecules per unit cell, a = 15.078(9), b = 27.590(7), c = 9.502(4) A, and β = 92.33(8)°. Anisotropic refinement of all non-hydrogen atoms by block diagonal least-squares methods led to final residuals of R1 = 8.1% and R2 = 10.3 per cent for 2185 non-zero reflections for which F⩾ 2σ. The structure consists of discrete monomers, each composed of three bidentate dithiocarbamato ligands and one nitrosyl group. The donor atoms surrounding the central metal are arranged in a pentagonal bipyramidal configuration which is somewhat distorted due to the small and rigid bite of the dithiocarbamato ligands, two of which occupy four of the basal plane positions while the third one spans an axial to equatorial pair of sites. The nitrosyl ligand coordinates through the nitrogen and ocupiecs the second axial position. The MoN and NO distances, 1.731(8) and 1.154(9) A respectively, are relatively short and the MoNO angle is slightly bent (173.2(7)°). Adjacent S…S contacts in the equatorial plane are quite short, ranging from 2.809 to 3.080 A, suggesting sizable non-bonded interactions. The molecule has the following mean bond lengths: MoS, 2.518; SC, 1.715; CN, 1.296 A. the three S2CNC2 fragments are planar and the canonical from (—)S2CN(+)R2 makes an important contribution to the electronic structure of the dithiocarbamato ligands. There are weak intermolecular interactions between the nitrosyl oxygen atoms and alkyl hydrogen atoms.
West Antarctic paleotopography estimated at the Eocene‐Oligocene climate transition

[1] One generally recognized limitation of models for rapid growth of Antarctic ice near the Eocene-Oligocene transition is that they are based on present topography, corrected only for removal of modern ice. For West Antarctica, this results in large areas below sea level that would not readily host ice. In the recently active West Antarctic rift system, other factors may have contributed to significant vertical motions since the Eocene: Additional corrections for thermal contraction resulting from tectonic extension and for erosion and sedimentation since 34 Ma restore most of West Antarctica to above sea level, increasing total Antarctic land area by 10–20%. Because ice sheets have convex slopes, the potential increase in ice volume is larger than the increase in land area. Accounting for large changes in West Antarctic topography may resolve conflicts between ice models and data by demonstrating the possibility of an early, large West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
A process for hierarchical decision making with multiple objectives

Abstract This research was motivated by a recurring management problem of a large service organization in Philadelphia. The problem concerns the contraction of service facilities. Typically, management decisions of this type and magnitude affect the entire management hierarchy. Each manager in the hierarchy may have several objectives with respect to the problem. The perspective of each manager can contribute to the decision-making process by providing additional insight into both (a) what should be done and (b) the resistance to implementation which may result. Thus the output of this research is not a solution to a particular problem but rather a process for providing critical information for decisions of this type. This paper generalizes the information gathering process and presents the results of eliciting objectives from managers, formalizing objectives into measurable attributes, and interacting with the decision makers to use their implicit preference relationships over the set of Pareto-optimal alternatives. Intuitively, the procedure is appealing as it is flexible enough to allow formal input from all pertinent decision makers in the organization, it is hierarchically consistent, it is politically acceptable, and it is not cumbersome to apply.
Price-Based Joint Beamforming and Spectrum Management in Multi-Antenna Cognitive Radio Networks

We consider the problem of maximizing the throughput of a multi-antenna cognitive radio (CR) network. With spatial multiplexing over each frequency band, a multi-antenna CR node controls its antenna radiation directions and allocates power for each data stream by appropriately adjusting its precoding matrix. Our objective is to design a set of precoding matrices (one per band) at each CR node so that power and spectrum are optimally allocated for the node and its interference is steered away from unintended receivers. The problem is non-convex, with the number of variables growing quadratically with the number of antenna elements. To tackle it, we translate it into a noncooperative game. We derive an optimal pricing policy for each node, which adapts to the node's neighboring conditions and drives the game to a Nash-Equilibrium (NE). The network throughput under this NE equals to that of a locally optimal solution of the non-convex centralized problem. To find the set of precoding matrices at each node (best response), we develop a low-complexity distributed algorithm by exploiting the strong duality of the convex per-user optimization problem. The number of variables in the distributed algorithm is independent of the number of antenna elements. A centralized (cooperative) algorithm is also developed. Simulations show that the network throughput under the distributed algorithm rapidly converges to that of the centralized one. Finally, we develop a MAC protocol that implements our resource allocation and beamforming scheme. Extensive simulations show that the proposed protocol dramatically improves the network throughput and reduces power consumption.