cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural activation of the sex-pheromone gland in the moth Manduca sexta: Real-time measurement of pheromone release

. Investigations of various species of moths have suggested that the biosynthesis of sex pheromone in the abdominal pheromone glands of females may be at least partly regulated by neuroendocrine mechanisms. Few studies, however, have explored the mechanisms underlying the release of sex pheromone. In experiments on the sphinx moth Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), we have monitored the time course of sex-pheromone release in scotophase females with the aid of an electroantennogram bioassay based on the highly sensitive and selective sex-pheromone receptor neurones of the male antenna. Pheromone release was evoked by orthodromic stimulation of the ventral nerve cord. Neurally stimulated release occurred with a subsecond latency and did not depend on bioactive factors in the haemolymph or on movement of the abdomen or the ovipositor. Severing the most medial pair of nerves posterior to the terminal abdominal ganglion (the terminal nerves) eliminated pheromone release, but not abdominal contractions. Release was also inhibited reversibly if the descending Ca2+-dependent synaptic input to the terminal ganglion was blocked by exposure to elevated concentrations of Mg2+. These findings indicate that the release of sex pheromone from the pheromone gland in female M. sexta is a true neuroeffector response and that the gland appears to be controlled by neurones that project to it from the terminal abdominal ganglion.
Scientific authority in policy contexts: Public attitudes about environmental scientists, medical researchers, and economists.

This paper uses data from the US General Social Survey to examine public support for scientists in policy contexts and its link to scientific disciplines. An analysis of attitudes about the amount ...
Hyperbaric oxygen – its mechanisms and efficacy

Background This paper outlines therapeutic mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) and reviews data on its efficacy for clinical problems seen by plastic and reconstructive surgeons.
Regeneration of Skin

The full-thickness excisional dermis-free defect is suitable for experimental study of induced regeneration (synthesis) of skin and of its tissue components using a variety of reactants that are implanted in the defect.
Joint impacts of atmospheric interferences on optical wireless communication

The optical wireless communication technology has several advantages over the RF counterpart. However, the impacts of atmospheric interferences on optical signals must be well understood. In this paper, the performance of optical wireless links subject to multiple interferences is investigated. The exact formulas of the mean bit error rate and the outage probability are derived.
The Orientation Distribution of Apatite Crystals Accounts for Variability in the Elastic Anisotropy of Human Cortical Bone Tissue

Elastic constants for cortical bone tissue have been correlated with the apparent tissue density, mineral density, and tissue porosity [1–4], but the little data that exists has indicated a weak or no relationship between these structural parameters and the elastic anisotropy [4,5]. A micromechanical model accounting for seven structural parameters across multiple length scales identified the bone mineral orientation distribution to be the most significant structural parameter governing the elastic anisotropy of cortical bone [6].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Hysteresis and Bifurcation Analysis of A Fighter and A Delta Wing at High Incidence

Hysteresis and bifurcation analysis has been performed on experimental results of a fighter in steady coning motion and a delta wing in free-to-roll motion. There are bi-stable asymmetric solutions for the fighter at high incidence. Applying certain perturbations or changes in coning rate can switch over the forebody vortices from one stable solution to another and result in corresponding lateral-directional aerodynamic loads. The basins of those two solutions are not equal. Both the angle of attack and coning rate are found to be control variables in the bifurcation behavior of the forebody vortices. When the coning rate is higher than a threshold value, definitive hysteresis characteristics can be observed. The threshold rate increases as the angle of attack increases. In the case of a delta wing model, the solution of the system exhibits different bifurcation structures over the investigated range of angles of attack and release roll angles, reflecting the experimentally obtained multiplicity of roll attractors. These bifurcation and hyteresis characteristics have been physically explained in the domain of asymmetric cross-flow separation and the vortex breakdown movement respectively.
Core Control Training for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Objective To observe the effect of core control training on gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy.Methods40 cases were divided into 2 groups,20 cases in each group.The control group accepted comprehensive rehabilitation,and the treatment group accepted core control training in addition.They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM-88) before and 3 months after treatment.Results The score of GMFM-88 increased in both groups after treatment(P0.001),and increased more in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.05).The difference of GMFM-88 score was more in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.001).Conclusion Core control training can improve gross motor function for the children with cerebral palsy.
Analysis of large scale photovoltaic power system integration into the existing utility grid using PSAT

When alternative power sources are connected to the utility grid the core characteristics of the system are changed. This fact is especially true for intermittent, volatile power sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems. In recent years, PV power systems have become increasingly cost competitive leading to greater penetrations of both large and small scale PV systems. The large scale integration of PV power systems into the existing utility grid may have significant - and potentially negative - impacts on the power flow, power quality, and overall stability of the system. This paper analyzes the impacts of connecting a large scale photovoltaic power source to the existing utility grid using the MATLAB based Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). This paper reveals a solid method for analyzing the effects a large scale PV system can have on the stability of the power grid and the results of this analysis reveal the potentially harmful effects of integrating such a system into the existing grid.
A scalable heterogeneous multicore architecture for ADAS: Presented at HOT CHIPS: A symposium on high performance chips Flint Center, Cupertino, CA

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. Agenda items include: highlight challenges of implementing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in embedded systems; Discuss ADAS system options and compromises; High level overview of TDAx SOC; Mapping ADAS use cases to devices from TDAx SOC families.
Pure density functional for strong correlation and the thermodynamic limit from machine learning

We use the density-matrix renormalization group, applied to a one-dimensional model of continuum Hamiltonians, to accurately solve chains of hydrogen atoms of various separations and numbers of atoms. We train and test a machine-learned approximation to $F[n]$, the universal part of the electronic density functional, to within quantum chemical accuracy. We also develop a data-driven, atom-centered basis set for densities which greatly reduces the computational cost and accurately represents the physical information in the machine-learning calculation. Our calculation (a) bypasses the standard Kohn-Sham approach, avoiding the need to find orbitals, (b) includes the strong correlation of highly stretched bonds without any specific difficulty (unlike all standard DFT approximations), and (c) is so accurate that it can be used to find the energy in the thermodynamic limit to quantum chemical accuracy.
Acupuncture for hot flashes for prostate cancer patients

8160 Background: Hot flashes are a common adverse effect of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. We sought to determine the effect of acupuncture on hot flash frequency and intensity, quality of l...
Lived Religion as Reproductive Decision-Making Resource Among Romanian Women Who Use Abortion as Contraception.

This article draws upon qualitative ethnographic data collected between 2005 and 2013 in southern Romania among women who have been consistently using abortion as a contraceptive method. It particularly considers the role that lived religion might have played in some individuals’ strategies to render abortion a justifiable practice. Over the last seven decades, Romanian women’s experiences of abortion have often been at odds with both secular and religious regulations. This study shifts the perspective from the biopolitics and the bioethics of abortion toward women’s own reproductive decision-making strategies in a context of enduring traditional patriarchy. It explores the fluid and pragmatic ways in which some Romanians use the notions of “God’s will,” “sin,” “redemption,” “afterlife,” and “Godparenting” to redefine abortion as a partially disembodied reproductive event. As a reproductive decision-making resource, lived religion empowers women to navigate the lived complexities of conception and contraception.
Studies of Human-Mouse Cell Hybrids with Respect to X-Chromosome Inactivation

As a means of obtaining insights into the mechanisms for maintaining X-chromosome inactivation, we have carried out a series of experiments in an attempt to reverse the process. To identify cells in which the silent X has been derepressed, we have developed a model based on the one described by Comings (1966) using human fibroblasts heterozygous for the common A electrophoretic variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDA). In our model, however, the cells are also heterozygous for the Lesch-Nyhan mutation specifying deficiency of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT-), so that we can select for rare cells in which reactivation has occurred (Migeon 1972). Clonal populations of skin fibroblasts from females heterozygous for both G6PDA and HGPRT-, but expressing only the alleles on the active X, are subjected to a variety of treatments, and the phenotype with regard to both loci is ascertained following treatment. The resultant phenotype is interpreted according to Table 1. The G6PD heteropolymer, because it is never found in mixtures of the two cells under conditions used for these studies, is a sensitive indicator of two functional X chromosomes within the same cell, while the presence of variants at two X-linked loci helps distinguish reactivation from other events such as reversion, somatic crossing over, or contamination with cells of other phenotype.
Magnetic order induces symmetry breaking in the single-crystalline orthorhombic CuMnAs semimetal

Recently, orthorhombic CuMnAs has been proposed to be a magnetic material where topological fermions exist around the Fermi level. Here we report the magnetic structure of the orthorhombic ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.95}\mathrm{MnAs}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.96}\mathrm{As}$ single crystals. While ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.95}\mathrm{MnAs}$ is a commensurate antiferromagnet below 360 K with a propagation vector of $\mathbf{k}=0,{\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.96}\mathrm{As}$ undergoes a second-order paramagnetic to incommensurate antiferromagnetic phase transition at 320 K with $\mathbf{k}=(0.1,0,0)$, followed by a second-order incommensurate to commensurate antiferromagnetic phase transition at 230 K. In the commensurate antiferromagnetic state, the Mn spins order parallel to the crystallographic $b$ axis but antiparallel to their nearest neighbors, with the spin orientation along the $b$ axis. This magnetic order breaks ${\mathrm{S}}_{2z}$, the two-fold rotational symmetry around the $c$ axis, resulting in finite band gaps at the crossing point and the disappearance of the massless topological fermions. However, our first-principles calculations suggest that orthorhombic CuMnAs can still host spin-polarized surface states and signature induced by nontrivial topology, which makes it a promising candidate for antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Novel small molecule inhibitors for pancreatic cancer

665 Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cancer causing death in the United States. Surgical resection remains the only hope for cure, but the overall 5-year survival rates remain low at 3%. Novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. One possibility is the application of small molecule inhibitors (SMI). Disadvantages of currently available SMIs include tumor resistance, poor specificity, potential toxicity, and poor bioavailability. Through structural optimization, we have synthesized a group of novel SMIs that retain potency for inhibiting the growth of different cancer cell lines. Here we evaluated potential efficacy of these agents for human pancreatic cancer therapy using in vitro studies. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1, BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2, and PANC-1 were incubated with varying concentrations of different agents, and cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Of the four agents, OSU-0312, a PDK-1/Akt specific inhibitor derived from Celecoxib, demonstrated the highest potency and the lowest tumor cell resistance, suggesting that OSU-0312 may have translational relevance for pancreatic cancer therapy. 1GI50 is defined as the agent concentration which decreases the cell viability to 50%. 2GI50 is out of the tested concentration range of the agent, which suggests the agent is not potent or less potent in this cell line.
A medium-grained reconfigurable architecture targeting high-level synthesis implementation

High-level synthesis is increasingly being used to automatically translate existing software algorithms into hardware quickly and efficiently. Typically, the circuits created by HLS are implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). While the fine-grained architecture of an FPGA is well suited for general circuit implementation, it can result in excessive routing resource utilization for larger dataflow circuits such as those generated by HLS. As an alternative, we present a medium-grained reconfigurable architecture tailored to implementing HLS generated circuits. The proposed architecture achieves a 5.4x reduction in critical path delay compared to a standard FPGA during initial testing.
2D system based iterative learning control for linear singular discrete-time systems

In this paper, iterative learning control (ILC) based on two-dimensional (2D) system theory for a linear singular discrete-time system is considered. By applying the singular 2D linear Roesser's discrete model to describe the ILC process of the system, necessary and sufficient conditions for impulse-free convergence of the proposed ILC rules are given. Ultimately, two numerical examples are given to present the results.
Evaporation effect on two-dimensional wicking in porous media.

Abstract We analyze the effect of evaporation on expanding capillary flow for losses normal to the plane of a two-dimensional porous medium using the potential flow theory formulation of the Lucas–Washburn method. Evaporation induces a finite steady state liquid flux on capillary flows into fan-shaped domains which is significantly greater than the flux into media of constant cross section. We introduce the evaporation-capillary number, a new dimensionless quantity, which governs the frontal motion when multiplied by the scaled time. This governing product divides the wicking behavior into simple regimes of capillary dominated flow and evaporative steady state, as well as the intermediate regime of evaporation influenced capillary driven motion. We also show flow dimensionality and evaporation reduce the propagation rate of the wet front relative to the Lucas–Washburn law.
Millennium sort: a cluster-based application for windows NT using DCOM, river primitives and the virtual interface architecture

We present the design and results of Millennium Sort, a distributed sorting application built using three layers of technology: extensible River System primitives, the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) and the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). The Millennium Sort application is a vehicle for exploring the issues of commercial cluster technologies and distributed development on commodity node clusters. We discuss the architecture and design of the River System primitives, VIA and DCOM. Performance results are discussed, including the latest Datamation Sort record time of 1.18 seconds achieved by a 16-node Pentium-II cluster.
Closing the Generation Gap: Using Discussion Groups to Benefit Older Adults and College Students

Designing class activities that enable students to interact with older adults in meaningful ways is one of the most powerful tools of undergraduate gerontological education. This chapter describes the benefits of participating in intergenerational discussion groups for undergraduate students and older adults. Throughout the semester, older adults attended four to five Introduction to Gerontology class sessions, where together with the undergraduate students they participated in thought provoking dialogs about current gerontological issues. The goal was for older adults and college students alike to gain knowledge, improve problem solving skills, and question their own belief systems. After participating in the discussion groups, the undergraduate students indicated that they had an increased understanding of older adults. Further, older adults’ self-report questionnaires and focus group participation indicated that attending the groups helped them feel mentally sharp and more knowledgeable about aging. Benefits for both generations will be discussed.
Hepatitis due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Very rare adverse drug reactions can have devastating effects on the future use of the drug. Such rare but potentially lethal reactions often result in withdrawal or restricted use of a drug. The worst such reactions are aplastic annaemia, anaphylaxis, erythema multiforme and hepatitis.
ADA Health Policy Institute's methodology overestimates spatial access to dental care for publicly insured children.

OBJECTIVE This article discusses the sources of overestimation of spatial access as recently provided by the Health Policy Institute (HPI) of the American Dental Association. METHODS Sources of overestimation of access included estimation of Medicaid participation and capacity and limitations of the access measurement approach. RESULTS While the HPI analysis used a 30% Medicaid acceptance rate for Florida, 10.2% of dentists accepted ≥100 Medicaid patients in 2015. The nationwide median number of Medicaid-enrolled children per provider ranges from 36 (Nebraska) to 265 (Florida). HPI estimated that 94% of publicly insured children in Georgia lived within 15 minutes of participating dentists. More rigorous modeling for access estimated that 23% of the total child population do not have access within the state access standards in Georgia. CONCLUSIONS The estimates provided by HPI substantially overestimate access for children with public insurance. The overestimation comes from both the data limitations and the shortcomings of the methodology employed.
Distribution of PPX2 Mutations Conferring PPO-Inhibitor Resistance in Palmer Amaranth Populations of Tennessee

Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)–inhibiting herbicides (WSSA Group 14) have been used in agronomic row crops for over 50 yr. Broadleaf weeds, including glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth, have been controlled by this herbicide site of action PRE and POST. Recently, Palmer amaranth populations were reported resistant to PPO inhibitors in 2011 in Arkansas, in 2015 in Tennessee, and in 2016 in Illinois. Historically, the mechanism for this resistance involves the deletion of a glycine at position 210 (ΔG210) in a PPO enzyme encoded by the PPX2 gene; however, the ΔG210 deletion did not explain all PPO inhibitor–resistant Palmer amaranth in Tennessee populations. Recently, two new mutations within PPX2 (R128G, R128M) that confer resistance to PPO inhibitors were identified in Palmer amaranth. Therefore, research is needed to document the presence and distribution of the three known mutations that confer PPO inhibitor resistance in Tennessee. In 2017, a survey was conducted in 18 fields with Palmer amaranth to determine whether resistance existed and the prevalence of each known mutation in each field. Fomesafen was applied at 265 g ai ha-1 to Palmer amaranth infestations within each field to select for resistant weeds for later analysis. Where resistance was described (70% of surviving plants), the ΔG210 mutation was detected in 47% of resistant plants. The R128G mutation accounted for 42% of resistance, similar to the frequency of the ΔG210 mutation. The R128M mutation was less frequent than the other two mutations, accounting for only 10% of the resistance. All mutations detected in this study were heterozygous. Additionally, no more than one of the three PPX2 mutations were detected in an individual surviving plant. Similar to previous research, about 70% of PPO resistance was accounted for by these three known mutations, leaving about 30% of resistance not characterized in Tennessee populations. Survivors not showing the three known PPO mutations suggest that other resistance mechanisms are present.Nomenclature: fomesafen; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.
Modernizing federal technology transfer metrics

Nearly 40 years ago Congress laid the foundation for federal agencies to engage in technology transfer activities with a primary goal to make federal laboratory research outcomes widely available. Since then, agencies generally rely on universal metrics such as licensing income and number of patents to measure the benefit of their technology transfer program. However, such metrics do not address the requirements set by the current and previous administrations, which require agencies to better gauge the effectiveness and return on investment of their technology programs. Here we evaluate two metrics, filing ratio and transfer rate, and empirically evaluate these metrics using data from Department of the Navy’s most transactionally active laboratory, as well as recently released agency-reported data available from the FY 2015 annual technology transfer report (15 U.S.C. Section 3710). We additionally propose other federally-relevant metrics for which agency data are not currently available. Results presented here indicate that these modernized metrics may potentially fulfill the requirements set by executive guidance. The study findings also point out to other metrics that are relevant to practitioners, program managers, and policymakers in the evaluation of technology transfer programs for better measurement of effectiveness, efficiency, and return on investment.
C-H 18F-fluorination of 8-methylquinolines with Ag[18F]F.

This report describes a Pd-mediated C–H radiofluorination of 8-methylquinoline derivatives with no-carrier-added Ag[18F]F. To achieve this transformation, a new method was developed for the generation of Ag[18F]F using a sep-pak cartridge. The C–H radiofluorination was then optimized and applied to a series of substituted 8-methylquinoline derivatives. Finally, this method was fully automated using a radiochemistry synthesis module.
Using Intellectual Property Data to Measure Cross-border Knowledge Flows

This paper surveys the landscape of empirical studies on cross-border trade in knowledge that use IPRs data. Based on a thorough search of the literature, we identify and categorize the types and uses of IPRs data. Our discussion critically evaluates whether these data support the empirical findings in the studies by identifying where IPRs data are particularly useful and where these data have limitations. The final section of the paper discusses the potential value of making greater use of IPRs assignment data. The goal is to provide a reference to help policymakers evaluate the trade in knowledge literature, particularly the interpretation of IPRs-based evidence for policy decisions.
Synergy between thermal and nonthermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis

Plasmonic photocatalysis represents the synergetic union of two active fields of research: plasmonic effects in illuminated metallic nanoparticles and catalytic effects in tailored metallic nanoparticles. Traditionally, metallic nanoparticles that excel for one application are limited for the other, but recent developments have shown that desirable catalytic behaviors, such as reduced activation barriers and improved product selectivity, derive from nonthermal behaviors uniquely produced by this synergy. After examining such findings, this review will address a specific debate that has recently surfaced: what is the relative degree of contributions of thermal and nonthermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis? We demonstrate the importance of correctly accounting for thermal effects before characterizing nonthermal contributions. We show that another synergy occurs: these desirable nonthermal behaviors have a temperature dependence, and the resulting temperature-dependent reaction rates far exceed what can be explained from purely thermal effects alone. Thus, the synergy of plasmonic photocatalysis offers an exciting new contribution to the quest for efficient, selective, sustainable methods for chemical synthesis and energy conversion.
[Anticonvulsant drugs and liver damage (Author's transl)].

Es wurden Art und Haufigkeit pathologischer Leberveranderungen bei 540 sezierten Anstaltsepileptikern erfast und ihre Beziehungen zu Medikamentenschaden untersucht. Als Kontrollen dienten 270 Nichtepileptiker des eigenen Sektionsgutes. Nur in 3 Fallen, von denen einer todlich endete, ist ein Zusammenhang zwischen krampfhemmenden Medikamenten und Leberschaden wahrscheinlich. Es besteht daher kein Anlas, eine notwendige antiepileptische Medikation mit Rucksicht auf die Leber zu unterlassen oder ungenugend zu dosieren. Hinweise auf eine besondere Lebertoxicitat bestimmter Medikamente oder Medikamentenkombinationen ergaben sich nicht. Eine Tuberkulose belastet die Leber des unter entiepileptischer Medikation stehenden Krampfkranken erheblich. Wir sahen bei 41 aktiven Tuberkulosen 13 schwere Leberschaden, darunter 3 todliche; 10 Patienten erhielten Tuberkulostatika, 3mal war die Tuberkulose nicht behandelt worden.
Robot-assisted combined pancreatectomy/hepatectomy for metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: case report and review of the literature

Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm with less aggressive behavior than ductal carcinoma. As a result, surgical resection for metastatic ACC is a therapeutic option which can result in long-term survival. There is a paucity of data describing institutional approaches to these challenging patients, and therefore, we herein describe our institution’s approach to a patient with a distal pancreatic ACC and isolated liver metastasis. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFIRINOX), followed by a robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy/splenectomy and non-anatomic segment 6 resection. He was discharged to home post-operative day 2. Final pathology revealed complete tumor response of the liver metastasis and a margin negative resection of the primary tumor. He remains disease free and without complications at 3 months. We highlight that combined modality therapy for metastatic ACC can yield long-term survival in selected patients. Similarly, the robotic platform enables performance of complex multivisceral resections with rapid recovery. Future research investigating precision medicine for metastatic ACC is warranted given widely variable tumor biology in this disease.
The neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase directly modulates neuronal response after subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sterile injury model

Abstract Neutrophil infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) after injury is associated with cognitive deficits. Using a murine model of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), we elucidate the location and mode of action of neutrophils in the CNS. Following SAH, neutrophils infiltrate the meninges, and not the brain parenchyma. Mice lacking functional myeloperoxidase (MPO KO), a neutrophil enzyme, lack both the meningeal neutrophil infiltration and the cognitive deficits associated with delayed cerebral injury from SAH. The re-introduction of biologically active MPO, and its substrate hydrogen peroxide, to the cerebrospinal fluid of MPO KO mice at the time of hemorrhage restores the spatial memory deficit observed after SAH. This implicates MPO as a mediator of neuronal dysfunction in SAH. Using primary neuronal and astrocyte cultures, we demonstrate that MPO directly affects the function of both cell types. Neurons exposed to MPO and its substrate show decreased calcium activity at baseline and after stimulation with potassium chloride. In addition, MPO and its substrate lead to significant astrocyte loss in culture, a result observed in the brain after SAH as well. These results show that, in SAH, the activity of innate immune cells in the meninges modulates the activity and function of the underlying brain tissue.
Side-by-side Management of Hedge Funds and Mutual Funds

We examine situations where the same fund manager simultaneously manages mutual funds and hedge funds. We refer to this as side-by-side management. We document 344 such cases involving 693 mutual funds and 538 hedge funds. Proponents of this practice argue that it is essential to hire and retain star performers. Detractors argue that the temptation for abuse is high, and the practice should be banned. Our analysis based on various performance metrics shows that side-by-side mutual fund managers significantly outperform peer funds, consistent with this privilege being granted primarily to star performers. Interestingly, side-by-side hedge fund managers are at best on par with their style category peers, casting further doubt on the idea that conflicts of interest undermine mutual fund investors. Thus, we find no evidence of welfare loss for mutual fund investors due to exploitation of conflicts of interest. The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org., Oxford University Press.
Corn versus Barley in Finishing Diets: Effect on Steer Performance and Feeding Behavior

This study evaluated the effects of barley and corn finishing rations on feedlot performance and behavior of steers. Feedlot rations in this study were comprised of a main concentrate of either corn or barley. Steers were fed in a GrowSafe system to measure individual animal intake and behavior. Weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed were measured for each steer. Feeding behavior including time spent eating (min/day), visits per day, time per visit (min), eating rate (g/min), intake (kg/day), and intake per visit (g) were measured for each individual. Corn-fed steers had greater ADG (p < 0.01) and heavier hot carcass weights (HCW; p < 0.01). In addition, corn fed steers had a higher yield grade than barley fed steers (p < 0.01). No treatment effects (p ≥ 0.11) were observed for time spent eating, visits per day, time per visit, eating rate, intake g/kg body weight, or intake per visit. Although corn-fed steers had a greater ADG and HCW than barley-fed steers, they tended to consume more feed (p = 0.06). Depending on the difference of costs associated with feeding corn or barley, barley could be a potential high-quality feed source in beef cattle finishing rations.
An Option Approach of Valuing Banks' Debts under the Volcker Rule

Financial regulators are increasingly taking aim at the culture of Wall Street by demanding risk mitigation. Proprietary trading with its accompanying lucrative and yet risky operations was one of the key drivers of the 2008 financial crisis. Several banks traded for their own gains at extremely high risks so much so that banks such as Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley wrote off billions of dollars they lost in commercial real estate funds. These forfeitures were the propelling factors behind the adoption of the Dodd-Frank rules of which the Volcker Rule has become the center. Extending on Geske’s approach, we show that the pattern of default probabilities is a function of the liability structure of the financial institution. The assumptions made by our framework on capital structure change when liabilities come due. We demonstrate that in the context of the Volcker rule, the variations of the default risks are crucial in measuring and managing default risks in banks. Our model thus attests that the periodic default probability is highest in the initial period. In practice, it means that the largest threat to the survival of a financial firm is in the short term. This utterly justifies the Volcker rule. As the default probability rises, the near term default becomes the driving force. Henceforth, the Volcker rule becomes very relevant in that it prevents the banks from defaulting when the short-term default risk is unusually high. Ultimately, the model shows that in times of financial crisis when the short-term default risk is very high, a large level of capital infusion is required to increase survival probability.
The active ingredients of a mitotoxic fungicide negatively affect pollen consumption and worker survival in laboratory-reared honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Abstract Recent observations of many sublethal effects of pesticides on pollinators have raised questions about whether standard short-term laboratory tests of pesticide effects on survival are sufficient for pollinator protection. The fungicide Pristine® and its active ingredients (25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) have been reported to have low acute toxicity to caged honey bee workers, but many sublethal effects at field-relevant doses have been reported and Pristine® was recently found to increase worker pollen consumption, reduce worker longevity and colony populations at field relevant concentrations (Fisher et al. 2021). To directly compare these whole-colony field results to more standard laboratory toxicology tests, the effects of Pristine®, at a range of field-relevant concentrations, were assessed on the survival and pollen consumption of honey bee workers 0–14 days of age. Also, to separate the effects of the inert and two active ingredients, bees were fed pollen containing boscalid, pyraclostrobin, or pyraclostrobin plus boscalid, at concentrations matching those in the Pristine® treatments. Pyraclostrobin significantly reduced pollen consumption across the duration of the experiment, and dose-dependently reduced pollen consumption on days 12–14. Pristine® and boscalid significantly reduced pollen feeding rate on days 12–14. Boscalid reduced survival in a dose-dependent manner. Consumption of Pristine® or pyraclostrobin plus boscalid did not affect survival, providing evidence against strong negative effects of the inert ingredients in Pristine® and against negative synergistic effects of boscalid and pyraclostrobin. The stronger toxic effects of Pristine® observed in field colonies compared to this laboratory test, and the opposite responses of pollen consumption in the laboratory and field to Pristine®, show that standard laboratory toxicology tests can fail to predict responses of pollinators to pesticides and to provide protection.
Prospective Factors that Predict American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination Performance: A Systematic Review.

Introduction American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) performance has become an important factor when monitoring resident progress. Understanding which prospective factors predict performance can help identify residents at risk. Methods A literature search was conducted searching PubMed, EMBASE, and JAMA Network from June 2011 to June 2021, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed for the terms "ABSITE" and "American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination." Prospective factors such as prior examination performance, clinical evaluations, and demographics were evaluated. Results A final 35 studies were included. The prospective factor most consistently found to predict ABSITE performance is performance on prior knowledge-based examinations such as the USMLE step exams. The ACGME Medical Knowledge 1 milestone evaluation also appears to correlate to ABSITE performance, although clinical evaluations, in general, do not. Demographics have no significant correlation to ABSITE performance. Discussion Using performance on prior knowledge-based examinations programs may be able to identify residents at risk for failing ABSITE. It may be possible to initiate early intervention before rather than only remediation after poor performance.
High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Differentially Influence Macrophage Activation

Macrophages exhibit phenotypic diversity permitting wide-ranging roles in maintaining physiologic homeostasis. Hyaluronic acid, a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has been shown to have differential signaling based on its molecular weight. With this in mind, the main objective of this study was to elucidate the role of hyaluronic acid molecular weight on macrophage activation and reprogramming. Changes in macrophage activation were assessed by activation state selective marker measurement, specifically quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and cytokine enzyme-linked immunoassays, after macrophage treatment with differing molecular weights of hyaluronic acid under four conditions: the resting state, concurrent with classical activation, and following inflammation involving either classically or alternatively activated macrophages. Regardless of initial polarization state, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid induced a classically activated-like state, confirmed by up-regulat...
CONCEPT OF STRUCTURAL CONTROL

In an ideal situation, completely safe structures can be designed if exact information is known concerning loads and strengths involved during the lifetime of these structures, and exact methods of structural analysis are available. In the real world uncertainties exist in this information as well as in the method of analysis. To account for these uncertainties, various factors of safety have been used in the design of structures. Probabilistic methods have been applied for the interpretation as well as determination of these factors of safety. Techniques in structural analysis are being refined continuously. The objective herein is to present the concept of structural control as an alternative approach to the safety problems of structural engineering. Pertinent points of the control theory are reviewed along with certain pioneering work in this direction. The practicality of this concept is illustrated with an example using analog parallel logic devices.
Sounds of Asian American Trauma and Cultural Trauma: Jazz Reflections on the Japanese Internment

This article examines post-1980 musical responses to the Japanese Internment in the United States during WW II. It argues that these works differ because they were created at different points in the history of the Asian American movement. While the early works by Jon Jang and Glenn Horiuchi – written around the time of the 1988 Civil Liberties Act – focused on political action, later works by Anthony Brown and Soji Kashiwagi were more concerned with education and the personal traumas of former interns.
The ‘Net Generation

ABSTRACT Academic librarians detect a change in traditional-aged college students over the last one or two decades. Characteristics of students belonging to Generations X and Y suggest a postmodern condition exists that influences these library users. Understanding the postmodern mind-set can help academic public services librarians confront these changes and more effectively assist college students. Characteristics of college students are examined and solutions to dealing with challenges they present are offered. Academic libraries can adjust the methods they use to better serve this population.
Biofilm development in bacteria.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current knowledge gained from molecular studies on biofilm development in bacteria. Bacteria readily adhere to and form biofilms on most biotic and abiotic surfaces, causing many problems in medical and industrial settings. The understanding of biofilm development may help in the design of new strategies for control of biofilms, especially in the control and treatment of biofilms involved in chronic diseases. Heterogeneity of the biofilm microenvironments, dynamic nature of biofilms, and differences in conditions used to make the biofilm has made it difficult to establish a transcriptional pattern for biofilms. Nevertheless, microarray studies have generated new and interesting insights. Furthermore, proteomics allow the detection of proteins and post-translational protein modifications, which cannot be predicted by microarray analysis and—therefore—is complementary to gene expression analysis. Both techniques have shown that biofilms have distinct gene-expression patterns in comparison to planktonic cells, but much work is still needed to identify all physiological and genotypic changes that occur during the biofilm development.
Digital Processing Methods for Aperture Synthesis Observations

The rapid growth, over the last two decades, of the amount of digital arithmetic capability available for a given cost is obvious to all, and is apparently not yet at an end. Therefore, any discussion of the best equipment and even of the best algorithms with which to attack a given problem will soon become obsolete as decreasing costs bring things previously considered inconceivable within economic feasibility. The general trend is that, as the cost of hardware decreases, the discussions of algorithms and procedures becomes simpler, as fewer approximations have to be made, and the mathematically simple correct formulae may be directly implemented.
Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in a cancer patient exposed to denosumab and abiraterone: a case report

Background: Denosumab and abiraterone were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Neither denosumab nor abiraterone is known to cause rhabdomyolysis. Case presentation: A 76-year-old Caucasian man with metastatic prostate cancer presented with non-oliguric severe acute kidney injury (AKI) 3 weeks after receiving simultaneous therapy with denosumab and abiraterone. The patient had been on statin therapy for more than 1 year with no recent dose adjustments. His physical exam was unremarkable. Blood work on admission revealed hyperkalemia, mild metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, and elevated creatine kinase (CK) at 44,476 IU/L. Kidney biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. The patient responded well to intravenous isotonic fluids and discontinuation of denosumab, abiraterone, and rosuvastatin, with normalization of CK and recovery of kidney function. Conclusion: We report the first case of biopsy-proven rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in a cancer patient acutely exposed to denosumab and abiraterone. Whether one of these drugs individually, or the combination, was the bona fide culprit of muscle breakdown is unknown. Nonetheless, our report is hypothesis-generating for further investigations on the effect of these drugs on muscle cells.
The quality sciences and technology management

Summary form only given, as follows. The author provides a macro overview of the quality sciences, a summary of the status of the total quality management (TQM) movement in the United States, and prescriptions for achieving a technology-oriented quality management culture in the 1990s and beyond. United States aerospace and Mexican service organizations were surveyed on quality management needs using the Crawford ship method. The results of that bilingual database are included as a two-country benchmarking case study on perceptions of professionals on quality management needs for the future. >
Solving the Input/Output Problem for Planar Mechanisms

This paper presents a method for solving the input/output problem for all planar mechanisms composed of revolute and slider joints. The solution procedure is a modification of the Dixon resultant method, which was developed to solve sets of polynomial equations; in this paper the method is applied to sets of equations which are linear in the sines and cosines of unknown angles. A particular planar multi-circuit mechanism is analyzed to illustrate the solution procedure, and implementation details are discussed.
Every matroid is a submatroid of a uniformly dense matroid

Abstract For a graph G with at least one edge, define d(G) = |E(G)| |V(G)| and m(G) = max H ⊆ G d(H) . Karonski and Rucinski (1982) conjectured that every connected graph G is a subgraph of a graph G ′ with m ( G ′) = d ( G ′) = m ( G ). This conjecture has been proved by Gyori et al. (1985) and, independently by Payan (1986). The following is related. Define g(G)= |E(G)| |V(G)| − 1 and λ(G) = max H ⊆ G d(H) . Payan (1986) proves that every connected graph G is a subgraph of a graph G ′ with g ( G ′) = γ ( G ′) = γ ( G ). In this paper, we shall show that both theorems above are related by matroid elongations, and we shall also extend these results to their versions in binary matroids and regular matroids.
Suppressor-Cell Function and Autoimmunity

Excerpt To the editor: Dr. Krakauer (Disorders of the Suppressor-Cell System in AutoimmunityAnn Intern Med88:233-237, 1978) has presented data he interprets as showing that an age-related loss of s...
What Fraction of the Total Metal Flux Into Lakes is Retained in the Sediments

The concentrations of, and deposition rates for, the pollutant metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd) and the rare earth elements are reported for the sediments and settling particulates in a large, remote lake (Lake Opeongo) in the Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Using a mass conservation model based on the rare earth elements, it is estimated that only 40 to 60% of pollutant metals getting into the lake is retained by the sediments. The low retention anada rate may explain the widely reported intra-basin and intra-lake differences in metal contents of sediments and casts some doubt on the use of pollutant metal profiles in retrospective assessment of the human contribution to the metal flux into many lake basins.