cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopy and photodissociation of size-selected (CH3I)n+ cluster ions

Abstract The resonant photodissociation of (CH 3 I) n + cluster ions ( n = 1–5) was studied in a crossed molecular-electron-laser beam apparatus. These results were complemented by a study of the ionization/dissociation as a function of variable energy electron ionization (EI). The fragmentation that first appears as the EI energy is raised is loss of CH 3 . This channel is particularly strong for n = 3. The lower energy dissociation of neutral I, on the other hand, is essentially quenched for cluster sizes of n > 2. Intermolecular dissociation (evaporation) of CH 3 I was evident, but was not extensive, based on a minor sensitivity of the cluster ion distribution to EI energy. The photodissociation of (CH 3 I) n + resulted in different dissociation behavior than for EI. Resonant excitation of monomer CH 3 I + to the predissociative A electronic state gave only I + CH 3 + . A state excitation of the cluster ions, on the other hand, resulted only in intermolecular dissociation. The photoexcitation cross-sections for the A 2 E 1/2 ← X 2 E 1/2 transition are presented as a function of cluster size n . A two-photon dissociation channel is also identified and the crosssections and dissociation products are reported. Finally, the frequency resolved photofragment excitation spectra of CH 3 I + and (CH 3 I) 2 + are compared.
Using Economic Incentives to Recruit Community College Faculty: Effects of Starting Salary and Healthcare Benefits Plan

Staffing the nation's community colleges with qualified faculty is an emerging problem. The problem results from massive retirements among members of the post-WW II “baby boom” generation and intense competition from other sectors of the economy for scarce human talent. This study was a faculty-recruitment simulation designed to investigate the potential impact of using starting salary and healthcare plan (independent variables) as economic recruitment incentives to recruit faculty to teach business at 2-year community colleges. Business professionals completing the MBA degree (N = 187) role-played as job applicants by rating faculty jobs described in simulated faculty-recruitment advertisements. Both salary (η2 = .69) and healthcare plan (η2 = .13) yielded high levels of practical significance in explaining applicant rating of the job (dependent variable). Implications for recruitment practice and future research are discussed.
Analysis of hydrostatic thrust bearings under non-axisymmetric operation

Abstract Analyses of the pressure distribution, the load capacity and the lubricant flow rate for a laminar flow hydrostatic thrust bearing in a symmetrical operation are presented. In a symmetrical operation the supported surface rotates about an axis parallel to but offset from the bearing axis. These bearings are commonly used as circular saw guides in the forest products industry. Bearing pressure and load and the lubricant flow are strong functions of a non-dimensional bearing number λ, the film thickness variation ϵ and the bearing offset L from the rotation axis.
Application of a Computational Micro-Electro-Mechanical Model for the Prediction of Self-Heating of Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials

Application of ferroelectric materials in devices subject to high fields and a range of drive frequencies is becoming increasingly common. As a result, self-heating of these devices is of concern. An energy based polycrystalline model including thermal and rate effects has been developed. The model has been developed from the thermodynamics of piezoelectrics, and includes elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric anisotropy. It captures ferroelectric and ferroelastic switching under combined loading. In the current work the model is expanded to include self-heating effects. Model results are compared to experimental data. Results from the model give insight into material behavior.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Priorities for optometric education: outcomes of the curriculum conference.

The Assocation of Schools and Colleges of Optometry (ASCO) and the American Optometric Association (AOA) jointly sponsored a national meeting in July 1992 for the primary purpose of developing a curriculum model for optometric education. The conference was the third in the «Summit in Optometric Education» series and attracted 138 national and international leaders representing organized optometry and academia. This paper discusses the conference framework and presents outcomes as determined by conferee summary reports, postconference surveys, and interviews. There is evidence that the conference produced several successful outcomes that could benefit future educational planners
Effects of flecainide on the electrophysiologic properties of isolated canine and rabbit myocardial fibers.

The electrophysiologic properties of flecainide, a new potent antiarrhythmic drug, are poorly defined. In this study, they were investigated by standard microelectrode technique in isolated cardiac muscle from rabbit and dog hearts. The concentrations of flecainide used were between 0.1 and 10.0 µg/ml. Flecainide produced a concentration-dependent decrease in maximal rate of rise of phase 0 of the action potential (Vmax), action potential amplitude and overshoot potential with an increase in the effective refractory period in ventricular muscle. Vmaxwas reduced by 52.5% after I µ/ml of flecainide (p The depression of Vmaxby flecainide was frequency-dependent. The action potential duration was lengthened by flecainide in ventricular muscle and shortened in Purkinje fibers. At high concentrations (10 µg/ml), flecainide depressed slow channel-dependent fibers. Purkinje fiber automaticity induced by isoproterenol was slowed by flecainide. The data indicate that the overall electrophysiologic effects of flecainide in isolated cardiac muscle are complex with a major depressant action on Vmaxthat may account for its dominant antiarrhythmic effects. It is also possible that the differential effects of the compound on the action potential duration and refractoriness in ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers contribute to the known arrhythmogenic potential of the drug.
STUDIES ON THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE MEMBRANES OF CHICK EMBRYOS : PART II. REACTIONS OF THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE VASCULAR MEMBRANES.

A comparison of the effect of stimulation upon the arterial subdivisions shows that these differ in irritability. The capillaries are most irritable, then come the small arterial branches, and last the main stems of arteries, these being the least irritable. The non-innervated blood vessels of the vascular membranes exhibit therefore the behavior described by G. Ricker in the case of those which have a nervous apparatus. We have demonstrated accordingly similar properties in vessels which are not innervated as in those which are. Certain differences exist however. The action of adrenalin on the vessels of the vascular membrane is inconstant and certain other substances are wholly ineffective. Ricker's experiments have advanced knowledge on the regularity of the vascular reactions and have paved the way for these experiments of ours. The result of our experiments with vessels free of nerves suggests that a reexamination may be fruitful of the mechanism which obtains in innervated vessels. There can be no doubt that nerves play a role in the behavior of vessels; it appears now to be necessary to define more accurately precisely what this is.
Risk Attitudes over Income with Discrete Status Levels

P eople's well-being under risk may depend on income and a discrete factor, where the probability distribution for this discrete factor depends in turn on income. A reduced form model for choice in this setting gives preferences over income that may be convex over some neighborhoods, rather than concave over the entire range of income as in the standard risk aversion model. This "status model" is used to explain simultaneous gambling and insurance purchases. Agents in this status model may further have preferences over income similar to safety rule models, where the probabilities of these discrete status levels are degenerate. The expected utility (EU) model, the workhorse of the economics of decision under uncertainty in the post-WWII era, has been under attack, spearheaded by papers inspired by Kahneman and Tversky. One aspect of their seminal paper that has been thoroughly explored (see Starmer) argues that decision makers use weights that differ from objective probabilities to rank alternative risky alternatives.
Three dimensional assessment of the pharyngeal airway in individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate.

Introduction Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are known to have airway problems. Previous studies have shown that individuals with CLP have a 30% reduction in nasal airway size compared to non-cleft controls. No reports have been found on cross-sectional area and volume of the pharyngeal airway in clefts. Introduction of Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) and imaging software has facilitated generation of 3D images for assessment of the cross-sectional area and volume of the airway. Objective To assess the pharyngeal airway in individuals with CLP using CBCT by measuring volume and smallest cross-sectional areas and compare with 19 age- and sex-matched non-cleft controls. Methods Retrospective study of CBCT data of pre-adolescent individuals (N = 19, Mean age = 10.6, 7 females, 12 males, UCLP = 6, BCLP = 3) from the Center for Craniofacial Anomalies. Volumetric analysis was performed using image segmentation features in CB Works 3.0. Volume and smallest cross-sectional were studied in both groups. Seven measurements were repeated to verify reliability using Pearson correlation coefficient. Volume and cross-sectional area differences were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results The method was found to be reliable. Individuals with CLP did not exhibit smaller total airway volume and cross sectional area than non-CLP controls. Conclusion 3D imaging using CBCT and CB Works is reliable for assessing airway volume. Previous studies have shown that the nasal airway is restricted in individuals with CLP. In our study, we found that the pharyngeal airway is not compromised in these individuals.
PHOSPHORYLATION OF 3-DEAZAGUANOSINE (3-DGR) BY CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY (CHO) CELLS: 180

3-Deazaguanine is metabolized by CHO cells via HGPRT catalyzed phosphoribosylation. Cells having a deficiency in HGPRT are highly resistant to 3-deazaguanine but retain sensitivity to the nucleoside, β-ribosyl-3-deazaguanine (3-DGR). Commercial purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) was employed to prepare 3-DGR and β-deoxyribosyl-3-deazaguanine (3-DGdR) having 14C in the ribose and deoxyribose moieties for use in studies of the phosphorylation and other metabolism of these compounds. Incubation of HGPRT deficient cells with 3-DGR [14C] results in the appearance of apparent metabolites in the triphosphate region of HPLC-derived nucleotide profiles. 3-DGdR [14C] appeared not to be metabolized by these cells; no labeled metabolites were observed in the nucleotide profile. Crude extracts of CHO cells catalyze an ATP dependent transformation of labeled 3-DGR to a product which elutes in the monophosphate region of the nucleotide profile. Fractionation of extracts by DEAE-cellulose chromatography has revealed a single peak of apparent 3-DGR phosphorylating activity which elutes at a region distinct from other known purine nucleoside kinase activities. Attempts at identification of this enzyme are in progress. This work was supported by Grant CH-283 from the American Cancer Society.
Von Hippel-Lindau disease: clinical considerations and the use of fluorescein-potentiated argon laser therapy for treatment of retinal angiomas.

Seminars in Ophthalmology ISSN: 0882-0538 (Print) 1744-5205 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/isio20 Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Clinical Considerations and the Use of Fluorescein-Potentiated Argon Laser Therapy for Treatment of Retinal Angiomas Michael B. Gorin To cite this article: Michael B. Gorin (1992) Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Clinical Considerations and the Use of Fluorescein-Potentiated Argon Laser Therapy for Treatment of Retinal Angiomas, Seminars in Ophthalmology, 7:3, 182-191, DOI: 10.3109/08820539209065107 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820539209065107 Published online: 02 Jul 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 10 View related articles Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=isio20 Download by: [UCLA Library] Date: 02 May 2017, At: 14:17
An Integrative Paradigm.

Through the application of life course theory to the study of sexual orientation, this paper specifies a new paradigm for research on human sexual orientation that seeks to reconcile divisions among biological, social science, and humanistic paradigms. Recognizing the historical, social, and cultural relativity of human development, this paradigm argues for a moderate stance between essentialism and constructionism, identifying (a) the history of sexual orientation as an identity category emerging from the medical model of homosexuality in the late 1800s; (b) the presence of same-sex desire across species, history, and cultures, revealing its normality; (c) an underlying affective motivational force which organizes sexual desire within individuals, and (d) the assumption of a sexual identity in response to the identity and behavioral possibilities of a culture. This framework considers the biology of sexual desire while simultaneously acknowledging the socially constructed nature of identity and the historical foundations of sexual orientation as a meaningful index of human identity.
"Getting started in...": a series not to miss.

In recent decades, computational biology has established itself as a critical part of biomedical research and as an ever-growing and highly interdisciplinary field. It seems that every year, new areas of research appear—sequence analysis now includes SNP detection and whole genome alignments, gene expression microarray data can be analyzed in concert with interaction networks, and protein structures can be used to predict potential drug targets. This diversity and development of bioinformatics has led to an increasing number of approaches and techniques that require understanding of areas as diverse as biology and computer science, medicine and statistics, chemistry and applied mathematics. With the knowledge required to explore each area of computational biology, the barrier grows for those trying to enter it. So how can one start learning about tiling array analysis or text mining in biology? What should a new graduate student read before analyzing his first microarray? How can a machine learning researcher find out what interesting problems in bioinformatics she may address with probabilistic graphical models? We hope that help is on the way. This month, PLoS Computational Biology and the International Society for Computational Biology begin a series of short, practical articles for students and active researchers who want to learn more about new areas of computational biology and are unsure where or how to start. The aim of each article in the “Getting Started in…” series is to introduce the essentials: define the area and what it is about, highlight the debates and issues of relevance, and provide directions to the most relevant books, articles, or Web sites to find out more. The series will not include review articles or detailed tutorials; these are available in the Education section of the Journal. Rather, each “Getting Started in…” article will aim to be a cache of “go to” information for someone for whom the field is completely new. We hope each part of the series, written by experts in areas as diverse as data integration and phylogeny reconstruction, will be as invaluable as receiving an e-mail from a colleague who takes time and thought to offer the best advice and the essential introduction to his or her area of research. The first expert to inform, motivate, and inspire readers to consider a new direction is Dr. Xiaole Shirley Liu, who introduces tiling microarrays. As the series progresses, we can look forward to learning about text mining and probabilistic graphical models, to name a few topics. We hope you find this new series useful and enjoyable.
An unusual case of pseudodicentric Xq and one possible mechanism

Structural abnormalities of the X chromosome are relatively common with isochromosome Xq being the most common. While isochromosome for Xp has been reported, its existence is questionable since true isochromosome Xp lacks the inactivation center and thus is presumed to be non-viable. Most of these cases are in fact believed to be pseudodicentric (having one active and one inactive centromere) and contain at least one inactivation center. We report an 18 year old female referred for primary gonadal failure (elevated FSH and LH; decreased estradiol). Cytogenetics revealed a 46,X,psu dic(X)(q24) karyotype suggesting trisomy for Xp and proximal Xq and monosomy for Xq distal to band q24. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using whole chromosome paint and XIST probes confirmed a structurally abnormal dicentric X chromosome containing two inactivation centers. Additional clinical history included oligoammenorrhea with menarche at age 12 and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with onset at 14-15 years of age. No significant Turner stigmata were noted which may be attributable, in part, to an indeterminate X inactivation pattern. Mechanisms for the formation of pseudodicentric X chromosomes have been hypothetical thus far. One proposed mechanism is a U-type exchange between two chromatids or chromosomes following a break in each at a homologous site. This repair process would result in a dicentric inverted duplication or dicentric X chromosome. We propose another mechanism and suggest that the genetic constitution may have begun as trisomy X. Breaks in two of the X chromosomes at band q24 with subsequent fusion of the centric fragments would result in a pseudodicentric X chromosome. The remaining acentric fragments would be lost in continued cell division. Further investigation by microdissecting the dicentric X chromosome may help in understanding other atypical cytogenetic mechanisms for dicentric chromosome formation. These studies could determine whether the dicentric centromeres originated from homologous X chromosomes or are identical via duplication.
Inhibition of Hydrocyanic Acid Evolution from Polyurethanes during Oxidative Degradation

It has been shown that the evolution of hydrocyanic acid during the thermal oxidative degradation of aliphatic and aromatic polyurethanes is inhibited by metals such as Cu and Co powders, their oxides, and decomposable compounds. Other metals are much less efficient inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency also depends on the degree of dispersion. Cu or its oxides and decomposable compounds are the most powerful inhibitors; very effective are copper films (400 to 1000-A thick) deposited on polymer films. It is shown that HCN evolved from NaCN is catalytically decomposed in an air stream; if the velocity of such a stream is low and the HCN concentration is small, then the main decomposition product is N2 (ca. 90 %) plus small amounts of nitrogen oxides, H2O, and CO2. The catalytic decomposition reaction of HCN evolved from polyurethanes is exactly analogous to that for NaCN, i.e., at low air flow rates and low HCN concentrations mainly N2 is the decomposition product. The results obtained for HCN evolved from NaCN agree well with those of previous workers. It can be definitely concluded that the inhibition by copper of HCN evolution from polyurethanes and other nitrogen containing polymers is not due to a change in the oxidative degradation mechanism of the polymers but is due to the catalytic decomposition of HCN evolved from polymers.
Rotator cuff repair fluid extravasation characteristics are influenced by repair technique

Background This study evaluates rotator cuff repair fluid extravasation characteristics for different rotator cuff repair techniques. Methods Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were dissected free of soft tissues, with the glenohumeral joint capsule and rotator cuff muscles being left intact. A custom fluid infusion device was used to deliver fluid at constant pressure into the glenohumeral joint. The shoulders were tested in conditions of (1) intact rotator cuff, (2) supraspinatus tear, (3) repaired supraspinatus tear with a single-row technique, and (4) repaired supraspinatus tear with a double-row suture bridge technique. Results The volume per minute of saline solution extravasation for single-row repair and double-row suture bridge repair was 48.53 mL/min and 11.73 mL/min, respectively, at 2 psi; 73.3 _ 24.1 mL/min and 24.5 _ 19.7 mL/min, respectively, at 3 psi; and 95.2 _ 22.6 mL/min and 39.2 _ 23.8 mL/min, respectively, at 4 psi. There was a statistically significant greater fluid extravasation for the single-row repair compared with the double-row suture bridge repair at all 3 pressures tested (P Conclusion Single-row rotator cuff repair exposes the healing zone to greater extravasation of fluid compared with double-row suture bridge repair. Therefore, double-row repair potentially enhances rotator cuff healing. Level of evidence Controlled laboratory study.
RADIALLY-FOCUSING FIBER OPTIC PROBES FOR LASER ANGIOPLASTY

In this paper a novel laser angioplasty probe is presented in which the emitted beam from a multi-mode fiber is both radially reflected and simultaneously focused to form a well-defined ring of high intensity light which is concentric with the fiber axis. The intensity distribution of the probe emission will thus exhibit a maximum at a given radial distance from the fiber axis, depending on the particular geometry of the probe. As a consequence of this convergence at a particular radius, this probe has been demonstrated in vitro to act in a self-limiting manner to enlarge an existing lumen in human atherosclerotic vessel tissue using a 4W argon laser. The small diameter (1 mm) of the probe suggests the viability for in vivo angioplasty applications. A set of fiber probes having a variety of focal ring diameters ranging from 1 to 4 mm have been fabricated, tested, and analyzed. Theoretical and experimental intensity distributions are presented, and the important parameters of the probe designed for this and additional applications are discussed.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Measurement of pH of the Skin Surface: IV. Daily Variations for Adult Females with No Apparent Skin Lesions

It was predicted in previous papers of this series that adult females with no apparent skin lesions might show appreciable day to day variations in the pH of the skin surface. If such variations do exist, it then becomes important to make numerous determinations on single individuals before comparing one with the other. Five adult females, ages 20 to 25 with no apparent skin lesions, were chosen and pH determinations on six areas of each arm were made as nearly daily as possible over a six months period. The time did not run consecutively in all cases, but in general extended from late summer to early spring. Each individual was measured approximately 120 times. The technique for making the measurements was described in the first paper (1) of this series. In measuring these five individuals it was found that some were more constant than others. In figure 1, there are shown the variations which occurred in the pH readings on the extensor surface of the upper arm for the two individuals who showed the maximum and the minimum daily changes. Note that in one the range is from 4.58 to 6.85 with a maximum change within a 24-hour interval of nearly two units. In the second individual, the range is from 5.00 to 6.12 with a maximum 24-hour change of only about 0.5 units.
Magnesium-Chelatase from Developing Pea Leaves: Characterization of a Soluble Extract from Chloroplasts and Resolution into Three Required Protein Fractions

Mg-chelatase catalyzes the ATP-dependent insertion of Mg 2+ into protoporphyrin-IX to form Mg-protoporphyrin-IX. This is the first step unique to chlorophyll synthesis, and it lies at the branch point for porphyrin utilization; the other branch leads to heme. Using the stromal fraction of pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv Spring) chloroplasts, we have prepared Mg-chelatase in a highly active (1000 pmol 30 min −1 mg −1 ) and stable form. The reaction had a lag in the time course, which was overcome by preincubation with ATP. The concentration curves for ATP and Mg 2+ were sigmoidal, with apparent K m values for Mg 2+ and ATP of 14.3 and 0.35 mm, respectively. The K m for deuteroporphyrin was 8 nm. This K m is 300 times lower than the published porphyrin K m for ferrochelatase. The soluble extract was separated into three fractions by chromatography on blue agarose, followed by size-selective centrifugal ultrafiltration of the column flow-through. All three fractions were required for activity, clearly demonstrating that the plant Mg-chelatase requires at least three protein components. Additionally, only two of the components were required for activation; both were contained in the flow-through from the blue-agarose column.
Pilot study of the efficacy of double-blind, placebo-controlled one-week olanzapine stabilization therapy in heterogeneous symptomatic bipolar disorder patients

Abstract Background Olanzapine has demonstrated efficacy in acute mania and bipolar I disorder (BDI) maintenance, but efficacy in brief therapy in more diverse populations, including patients with bipolar II disorder (BDII)/bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BDNOS) with syndromal/subsyndromal depressive/mood elevation symptoms and taking/not taking concurrent medications remains to be established. Methods Fifty adult outpatients (24 BD1, 22 BDII, 4 BDNOS, mean ± SD age 40.8 ± 11.5 years, 28.1% female, already taking 1.1 ± 1.2 [median 1] prescription psychotropics) with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) ≥10 and/or Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) ≥10 and ≤24, were randomized to double-blind olanzapine (2.5–20 mg/day) versus placebo for one week. Results Among 45 patients with post-baseline ratings, olanzapine (9.0 ± 5.8 mg/day, n = 23) compared to placebo ( n = 22) tended to yield greater Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version-Overall Severity of Illness (−1.4 ± 0.9 versus −0.8 ± 1.1, p = 0.08) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (−7.9 ± 6.3 versus −3.8 ± 6.1, p = 0.07) improvements, and YMRS/HDRS remission rate (47.8% versus 22.7%, p = 0.08), but significantly increased median weight (+2 versus −1 lbs, p = 0.001), and rates of excessive appetite (54.2% versus 22.7%, p = 0.04) and tremor (50.0% versus 9.1% p = 0.004). Number Needed to Treat and 95% Confidence Interval for YMRS/HDRS remission were 4 (1–∞). Numbers Needed to Harm for excessive appetite and tremor were 4 (1–21) and 3 (1–6), respectively. Conclusions Olanzapine tended to yield affective improvement and significantly increased weight, appetite, and tremor. Larger controlled studies appear feasible and warranted to assess brief olanzapine therapy in heterogeneous symptomatic bipolar disorder patients.
EFFECTS OF CHLORPROMAZINE ON RADIOIODINE UPTAKE AND METABOLISM IN C-57 BROWN MICE

Abstract Our observations indicate that a single 0.25 mg dose, given 30 minutes previous to I 131 injection exerted the following effects in C-57 mice: 1. 1) in thyroid, an inhibition of I 131 uptake, organic binding of I 131 , and biosynthesis of thyroxine: by the end of 1 hr, a 38% decrease in I 131 uptake and a 16% decrease in organic binding of I 131 ; by the end of 4 hrs, a 56% decrease in I 131 uptake and a 38% decrease in thyroxine synthesis; and by the end of 24 hrs, a 35% decrease in thyroxine synthesis; 2. 2) in salivary glands, a significant increase in I 131 uptake during the 24 hr interval, and a significant decrease in organic binding of I 131 during the 12-hr interval; 3. 3) in serum, an increase in I 131 concentration, persisting for 24 hrs; 4. 4) in urine, a decrease in I 131 concentration and in the rate of I 131 excretion during the first 4 hrs, followed by a marked increase. The inhibitory effects of CPZ were less pronounced in mice which were not under the influence of the drug during I 131 injection, although pretreated with CPZ.
Independence, order, and the interaction of ultrafilters and theories

Abstract We consider the question, of longstanding interest, of realizing types in regular ultrapowers. In particular, this is a question about the interaction of ultrafilters and theories, which is both coarse and subtle. By our prior work it suffices to consider types given by instances of a single formula. In this article, we analyze a class of formulas φ whose associated characteristic sequence of hypergraphs can be seen as describing realization of first- and second-order types in ultrapowers on one hand, and properties of the corresponding ultrafilters on the other. These formulas act, via the characteristic sequence, as points of contact with the ultrafilter D , in the sense that they translate structural properties of ultrafilters into model-theoretically meaningful properties and vice versa. Such formulas characterize saturation for various key theories (e.g. T r g , T f e q ), yet their scope in Keisler’s order does not extend beyond T f e q . The proof applies Shelah’s classification of second-order quantifiers.
Role of a partially purified glutathione S-transferase from rat liver nuclei in the inhibition of nuclear lipid peroxidation

Abstract Glutathione protects isolated rat liver nuclei against lipid peroxidation by inducng a lag period prior to the onset of peroxidation. This GSH-dependent protection was abolished by exposing isolated nuclei to the glutathione S -transferase inhibitor S -octylglutathione. In incubations containing 0.2 mM S -octylglutathione, the GSH-induced lag period was reduced from 30 to 5 min. S -Octylglutathione (0.2 mM) also completely inhibited nuclear glutathione S -transferase activity and reduced glutathione peroxidase activity by 85%. About 70% of the glutathione S -transferase activity associated with isolated nuclei was solubilized with 0.3% Triton X-100. This solubilized glutathione S -transferase activity was partially purified by utilizing a S -hexylglutathione affinity column. The partially purified nuclear glutathione S -transferase exhibited glutathione peroxidase activity towards lipid hydroperoxides in solution. The data from the present study indicate that a glutathione S -transferase associated with the nucleus may contribute to glutathione-dependent protection of isolated nuclei against lipid peroxidation. Evidence was obtained which indicates that this enzyme is distinct from the microsomal glutathione S -transferase.
Calculation of standard transformed Gibbs energies and standard transformed enthalpies of biochemical reactants.

The standard Gibbs energies of formation and standard enthalpies of formation of species involved in biochemical reactions are used to calculate standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation and standard transformed enthalpies of formation of 53 reactants (sums of species) at 298.15 K, pH 7, and ionic strengths of 0, 0.1, and 0. 25 M. The standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation are used to calculate apparent equilibrium constants K' for 22 biochemical reactions for which apparent equilibrium constants have been determined close to these conditions. This comparison is generally satisfactory given the differences in experimental conditions. The transformed formation properties for the 53 reactants make it possible to calculate transformed formation properties for other reactants involved in biochemical reactions with some of these reactants. This is illustrated by calculating standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation for 11 more reactants without information on the standard Gibbs energies of formation of the species. The list of 64 reactants for which standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation are presented can be considerably extended. The use of tables of standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation to store information on apparent equilibrium constants is more efficient than simply storing apparent equilibrium constants because a reactant can be looked up in a table and may be involved in hundreds of reactions. The effects of magnesium ions on several reactions involving ATP are calculated. The advantages of using enzyme-catalyzed reactions for determining thermodynamic properties of complicated molecules in aqueous solution are discussed.
Modeling the entry and trapping of solar energetic particles in the magnetosphere during the November 24–25, 2001 storm

[1] We have modeled the entry of solar energetic particles (SEPs) into the magnetosphere during the November 24–25, 2001 magnetic storm and the trapping of particles in the inner magnetosphere. The study used the technique of following many test particles, protons with energies greater than about 100 keV, in the electric and magnetic fields from a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the magnetosphere during this storm. SEP protons formed a quasi-trapped and trapped population near and within geosynchronous orbit. Preliminary data comparisons show that the simulation does a reasonably good job of predicting the differential flux measured by geosynchronous spacecraft. Particle trapping took place mainly as a result of particles becoming non-adiabatic and crossing onto closed field lines. Particle flux in the inner magnetosphere increased dramatically as an interplanetary shock impacted and compressed the magnetosphere near 0600 UT, but long term trapping (hours) did not become widespread until about an hour later, during a further compression of the magnetosphere. Trapped and quasi-trapped particles were lost during the simulation by motion through the magnetopause and by precipitation, primarily the former. This caused the particle population near and within geosynchronous orbit to gradually decrease later on during the latter part of the interval.
tert‐Butyl 7‐cycloheptatrienylperacetate: The proton NMR spectrum and conformational analysis

The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of tert-butyl 7-cycloheptatrienylperacetate has been analyzed with the aid of the lanthanide shift reagents, Eu(fod)3 Yb(fod)3. Observation of the lanthanide-induced shifts showed, in conjunction with variable temperature studies establishing the conformational purity of the cycloheptatrienyl ring, that the peracetate substituent has a definite equatorial preference.
The Influence of Peer Groups on Secondary School Students

(1977). The Influence of Peer Groups on Secondary School Students. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 191-193.
Development and validation of an app-based cell counter for use in the clinical laboratory setting

Introduction: For decades cellular differentials have been generated exclusively on analog tabletop cell counters. With the advent of tablet computers, digital cell counters - in the form of mobile applications (apps) - now represent an alternative to analog devices. However, app-based counters have not been widely adopted by clinical laboratories, perhaps owing to a presumed decrease in count accuracy related to the lack of tactile feedback inherent in a touchscreen interface. We herein provide the first systematic evidence that digital cell counters function similarly to standard tabletop units. Methods: We developed an app-based cell counter optimized for use in the clinical laboratory setting. Paired counts of 188 peripheral blood smears and 62 bone marrow aspirate smears were performed using our app-based counter and a standard analog device. Differences between paired data sets were analyzed using the correlation coefficient, Student's t-test for paired samples and Bland-Altman plots. Results: All counts showed excellent agreement across all users and touch screen devices. With the exception of peripheral blood basophils (r = 0.684), differentials generated for the measured cell categories within the paired data sets were highly correlated (all r ≥ 0.899). Results of paired t-tests did not reach statistical significance for any cell type (all P > 0.05), and Bland-Altman plots showed a narrow spread of the difference about the mean without evidence of significant outliers. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that no systematic differences exist between cellular differentials obtained via app-based or tabletop counters and that agreement between these two methods is excellent.
Seeing Stars: Matthew Effects and Status Bias in Major League Baseball Umpiring

This paper tests the assumption that evaluators are biased to positively evaluate high-status individuals, irrespective of quality. Using unique data from Major League Baseball umpires' evaluation of pitch quality, which allow us to observe the difference in a pitch's objective quality and in its perceived quality as judged by the umpire, we show that umpires are more likely to overrecognize quality by expanding the strike zone, and less likely to underrecognize quality by missing pitches in the strike zone for high-status pitchers. Ambiguity and the pitcher's reputation as a “control pitcher” moderate the effect of status on umpire judgment. Furthermore, we show that umpire errors resulting from status bias lead to actual performance differences for the pitcher and team. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1967 . This paper was accepted by Jesper Sorensen, organizations.
Interactive Image Search by Color Map

The availability of large-scale images from the Internet has made the research on image search attract a lot of attention. Text-based image search engines, for example, Google/Microsoft Bing/Yahoo! image search engines using the surrounding text, have been developed and widely used. However, they suffer from an inability to search image content. In this article, we present an interactive image search system, image search by color map, which can be applied to, but not limited to, enhance text-based image search. This system enables users to indicate how the colors are spatially distributed in the desired images, by scribbling a few color strokes, or dragging an image and highlighting a few regions of interest in an intuitive way. In contrast to the conventional sketch-based image retrieval techniques, our system searches images based on colors rather than shapes, and we, technically, propose a simple but effective scheme to mine the latent search intention from the user’s input, and exploit the dominant color filter strategy to make our system more efficient. We integrate our system to existing Web image search engines to demonstrate its superior performance over text-based image search. The user study shows that our system can indeed help users conveniently find desired images.
Cognition, capitalism, and causality: A report on the NAASR/SSSR panels, Nashville, November 1996

This is the third year in which the North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR) has organized sessions in association with the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR). TWo of these sessions, those on cognition and causality, were continuations of discus sions begun at the SSSR meeting last year in St. Louis. The NAASR panels on Religion, Cognition, and Ideology were noted in the SSSR Newsletter (December 1995) as one of the "highlights" of that meeting. Two sections on "Cognitive approaches to religion", organized by E. Thomas Lawson (Western Michigan University), featured presentations of continuing research on the cognitive relationship between ritual and mem ory by Robert McCauley (Emory University), on the cognitive constraints on sacred texts by Brian Malley (University of Michigan), on religious syn cretism by Timothy Light (Western Michigan University) and on cultural transmission by Justin Barrett (Cornell University). Among other things, this session was noteworthy because of its interdisciplinary participation by a philosopher (McCauley), a linguist (Light), a psychologist (Barret) and an anthropologist (Malley). Malley's conclusion that he was simply trying to demonstrate that the production of religious culture shares the same cogni tive conditions and constraints as any cultural production effectively sum marizes the fundamental import of all four presentations in these exciting sessions.
Ubiquitous Consumption and the Marketing Mix

ABSTRACT Traditional marketing legacy systems containing established members, roles, norms, and rules tend to be closed vertical systems exhibiting characteristics of rule, norm, and boundary stability. Consumer behavior drives the development of marketing mixes. The fundamental power and promise of e-commerce is to transform consumer behavior. The more efficient adjustment of discrepancies between supply and demand offered by e-commerce enables ubiquitous market space (u-commerce). Ubiquitous consumption is the ability to access and consume goods and services anytime and anyplace. Ubiquity in consumption demands a more fluid marketing mix evidenced by a dynamic networked open system consisting of shifting alliances, loosely defined boundaries, and tightly integrated processes. The concept of u-commerce is examined and implications for marketing managers and academics are suggested.
Racial Disparities in Immediate Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: Impact of State and Federal Health Policy Changes

Federal and Pennsylvania state policies instituted in the late 1990s were designed to improve access to postmastectomy breast reconstruction. We sought to evaluate the impact of these policy changes on access to care among racial minorities. Mastectomy patients ≥18 years old were identified in the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council inpatient database (1994–2004) and classified by immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) status. Rates of IBR were calculated by patient characteristics and year. Patients were stratified by race before (1994–1997) and after (2001–2004) policy changes, and relative odds of IBR were estimated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjustment for known confounders. Overall rates of IBR were significantly higher in the time period after policy change compared to before policy change (18.5 vs. 32.7 %, p < 0.01). White, black, and Asian patients all saw a significant rise in rates of IBR. However, after adjustment for potential confounders, black patients, Asian patients, and those of mixed or other races all remained less likely to undergo IBR when compared to white patients after policy changes (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.80; OR 0.30, 95 % CI 0.18–0.49; OR 0.29, 95 % CI 0.16–0.51, respectively). Rates of IBR increased across all racial groups after policy changes. However, not all races were affected equally, and thus disparities remained. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of other factors, including cultural preferences in utilization of IBR that might explain residual disparities.
Organic photovoltaic cell in lateral-tandem configuration employing continuously-tuned microcavity sub-cells

We propose a lateral-tandem organic photovoltaic system consisting of a dispersive-focusing element and continuously-tuned, series-connected sub-cells. The proposed system overcomes the efficiency limitation of organic photovoltaic devices by spectral re-distribution of incoming solar photons and their delivery to the wavelength-matched, resonant sub-cells. By numerical simulations, we demonstrate that optical resonance in a microcavity sub-cell with a metal/organic multilayer/metal structure can be tuned over a broad spectrum by varying the thickness of the organic multilayer. We show that the power-conversion efficiency exceeding 18% can be obtained in a lateral-tandem system employing an ideal dispersive-focusing element and the microcavity sub-cells.
A Brief Analysis of Capillary Sealing Methods and Their Effectiveness

Protein crystals and the solutions from which they are grown must be carefully protected against dehydration. In the absence of a proper seal, the crystals will dehydrate and lose their original properties and subsequently the ability to diffract X-rays. We conducted a systematic study of the efficacy of the most common sealing materials in use and we report the results here. The study shows that no single material is completely effective in both untreated and silanized glass capillaries. Various combinations of two materials, however, give excellent seals that will prevent dehydration for long periods of time. Recommendations are made for sealing materials to be used.
Current studies on the bacterial phosphotransferase system in the Saier laboratory (La Jolla, California, Summer, 1988)

Keywords: Evolution; Nucleic acid sequences; Membrane targeting; Transcriptional regulation; Protein phosphorylation; Bacterial virulence
Communications and social change

Advances in communications theory in the last few years give the appearance of an important scientific breakthrough. They provide principles for translating into similar terms and quantitative units communication interactions both among human beings and among machines, as well as between men and machines. They also suggest aspects of a more inclusive theory of organization. Technology is being broadly influenced by these new developments—automation being a highly publicized and poorly comprehended example of such effects. This article outlines possible ways that the communications advances may alter such diverse aspects of social behavior as the flow of traffic, the use of mass media, and the development of personal values and esthetic standards.
Noninvasive Methods for Host Certification

Determining whether a user or system is exercising appropriate security practices is difficult in any context. Such difficulties are particularly pronounced when uncontrolled or unknown platforms join public networks. Commonly practiced techniques used to vet these hosts, such as system scans, have the potential to infringe on the privacy of users. In this article, we show that it is possible for clients to prove both the presence and proper functioning of security infrastructure without allowing unrestricted access to their system. We demonstrate this approach, specifically applied to antivirus security, by requiring clients seeking admission to a network to positively identify the presence or absence of malcode in a series of puzzles. The implementation of this mechanism and its application to real networks are also explored. In so doing, we demonstrate that it is not necessary for an administrator to be invasive to determine whether a client implements required security practices.
An epidemiologic perspective on biomarkers.

The authors discuss biological markers from an epidemiologic perspective, emphasizing the importance of integrating biomarkers into large-scale observational and intervention studies. Whereas any biologic phenomenon can be considered a biomarker, an intermediate end-point is defined as being on the causal pathway between exposure and disease. An intermediate end-point is a valid surrogate for a disease in relation to a given exposure if, and only if, that exposure causes a similar change in the occurrence of both the intermediate end-point and the disease