cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suction thrombectomy of a massive, hypermobile (type C) right atrial thrombus: a case report

Background Right atrial thrombus (RAT) may be managed according to morphology and aetiology, i.e. Type A thrombi ('clot-in-transit', hypermobile) are managed with thrombolytics and surgical embolectomy due to high risk of embolization; Type B thrombi (broad-based, globular) may be managed medically as they will very likely maintain a benign course. Experience with management of a Type C thrombus (hypermobile but also broad-based) has not been explicitly described in the literature. Case summary A 25-year-old man with history of leukaemia with prior right subclavian vein chemoport is found to have massive RAT. Multimodal imaging shows a hypermobile mass attached to the right atrial lateral wall inferior to superior vena cava and prolapsing into right ventricle in diastole. Given the thrombus morphology and likely propagation from subclavian port, risk of catastrophic embolization was deemed high and as such, intervention was indicated. Systemic anticoagulation was considered but deferred due to theoretical risk of dissolving the thrombus stalk leading to embolization. Surgical thrombectomy was offered but the patient declined. Due to evidence for success in RAT, the AngioVac System: Generation 3 (Angiodynamics, Inc., Latham, NY, USA) was chosen for intervention. The RAT was successfully removed without any complication. Discussion AngioVac suction thrombectomy is a safe alternative option for removal of a Type C, massive, hypermobile RAT.
Precipitate Size in GRCop-84 Gas Atomized Powder and Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additively Manufactured Material

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), also known as selective laser melting, of Glenn Research Copper 84 (GRCop-84), a Cr2Nb (8 at. % Cr, 4 at. % Nb) precipitation-hardened alloy, produces a fully dense,...
Current and Future Virtual Reality Applications and the Application of User Experience Design Principles

Virtual reality (VR) has gained a lot of attention recently in the entertainment industry with gaming and video display. As head mounted devices (HMD) become more affordable, consumers and developers have begun to explore new applications for VR. Outside of entertainment, VR may have potential uses that can expand industries by placing users in situations that they may not otherwise have the opportunity to experience. When designing these applications, developers have new and untested features that users can interact with. Designers must take into account the concept of presence, and limit factors that take people out of the experience such as motion sickness. We discuss how VR has a place in many different industries. Our research examines how VR can be used in training, testing, education, and therapy, as well as its potential for future applications. Our goal is to extend the knowledge of VR development, during a time where it is still relatively nascent.
Implementing Macroprudential Finance-Oversight Policy: Legal Considerations

The global financial traumas that began in 2008 have led many nations to consider supplementing their traditional, microprudential finance-regulatory regimes with macroprudential policy instruments and, in some cases, institutions. This working paper, an early draft for what ultimately was to become an IMF Legal Department policy paper, aims systematically to address the legal and institutional considerations that any move toward macroprudential finance-regulatory policy implicates. It first considers what is involved in establishing or adapting a statutory or equivalent mandate for macroprudential finance-regulatory policy. It then turns to the harmonization of substantive macroprudential mandates with pre-existing policy regimes. Finally it considers the variety of ways in which macroprudential finance-regulatory institutions can be established or adapted in harmony with pre-existing institutions.
El Quijote y los clásicos grecolatinos en la obra crítica de Arturo Marasso

Being an aware researcher of Cervantes' literary culture, the figure of Arturo Marasso imprinted the erudite reference on Cervantine studies, through his acquaintance with Greek and Latin literature, from which passages are lavishly quoted in his critical work, as sources of the invention of Quixote.
Pit Crews with Computers: Can Health Information Technology Fix Fragmented Care?

Fragmentation and lack of coordination remain as some of the most intractable problems facing health care. Attention has often alighted on the promise of Health care Information Technology not least because IT has had such positive impact on many other personal, professional and industrial domains. For at least two decades the HIT-panacea narrative has been persistent even though the context has shifted. At various times we have been promised that patient safety technologies would solve our medical error problems, electronic transactions would simplify healthcare administration and insurance and clinical data would become interoperable courtesy of electronic medical records. Today the IoM is positioning HIT at the center of its new “continuously learning” health care model that is in large part aimed at solving our fragmentation and lack of coordination problems. While the consensus judgment that HIT can reduce fragmentation and increase coordination has intuitive force the specifics are more complicated. First, the relationship between health care and IT has been both culturally and financially complex. Second, HIT has been overhyped as a solution for all of health care’s woes; it has its own problems. Third, the HIT-fragmentation solution presents a chicken-and-egg problem — can HIT solve health care fragmentation and lack of coordination problems or must health care problems such as episodic care be solved prior to successful deployment of HIT? The article takes a critical look at both health care and HIT with those questions in mind before concluding with some admittedly difficult recommendations designed to break the chicken-and-egg deadlock.
Helping and achieving. Compatible or competing goals for men and women in medical school

This study investigates the attitudes of medical students toward oncology and examines the help- and achievement-orientations of males and females to ascertain whether these orientations are gender-related. Ninety freshmen, 125 sophomores, 83 juniors, and 87 senior medical students responded to questionnaires assessing their attitudes. Female students were both more help- and achievement-oriented than were the male students. Helping and achieving were compatible goals for these women. Both male and female students were significantly more help-oriented by their senior year but they also felt significantly less effective in helping than did students in the first 3 years.
Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong

On January 20, 1984, Earl Washington--defended for all of forty minutes by a lawyer who had never tried a death penalty case--was found guilty of rape and murder in the state of Virginia and sentenced to death. After nine years on death row, DNA testing cast doubt on his conviction and saved his life. However, he spent another eight years in prison before more sophisticated DNA technology proved his innocence and convicted the guilty man. DNA exonerations have shattered confidence in the criminal justice system by exposing how often we have convicted the innocent and let the guilty walk free. In this unsettling in-depth analysis, Brandon Garrett examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing. Based on trial transcripts, Garrett's investigation into the causes of wrongful convictions reveals larger patterns of incompetence, abuse, and error. Evidence corrupted by suggestive eyewitness procedures, coercive interrogations, unsound and unreliable forensics, shoddy investigative practices, cognitive bias, and poor lawyering illustrates the weaknesses built into our current criminal justice system. Garrett proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory. Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. How many unjust convictions are there that we will never discover? Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases.
Testing a conditional cash transfer program in the U.S.: the effects of the family rewards program in New York City

Family Rewards represents the first test of a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program in the U.S., offering families incentives for children’s education, family preventive health care and parents’ work and training. Using a randomized controlled trial, we find that the program led to substantial reductions in poverty and hardship during the 3 years in which the rewards were offered. The program also led to some effects in each of the three areas of education, health and work, although the effects were fairly modest or limited to certain subgroups. JEL classification: I1, I2, I3, J1.
The Problems with Galaxy Formation

We review the problems with galaxy formation in the current ΛCDM model. The first difficulty is that pure disk galaxies seem to be impossible to build, a problem that is related to both the “angular momentum catastrophe” and the “small scale structure problem”. The latter problem is that one sees thousands of satellites in simulations of galaxy halos, while real galaxies appear to have very few. These two problems become intertwined as the lumps cause problems in the formation of disks They stir things up and transfer angular momentum. Retrograde moving lumps collide with material that might have made a disk and force it all into something that isn’t flattened. Finally, more distant satellites might ruin a disk at late times. The last of the small scale problems is the high central densities of dark matter that are predicted but also not seen. We will review the situation and how it started with something that we thought we understood in the 1980’s and has gotten progressively murky over the last several years.
Multiple Layers of Self in an Evolving Pedagogy of Teacher Education: Conflict and compromise in a quest for classroom democracy

This study examines how my practice changed over three semesters as a beginning teacher educator. Teaching the undergraduate course, Diversity in Elementary Education, I worked to uphold and maintain my democratic ideals while more fully accounting for the larger context of authoritarian teaching to which my students were accustomed. The findings suggest that seeking few solutions to the problems being negotiated, prescribing purposes regardless of mutually perceived relevance, and imposing predetermined experiences and outcomes helped to construct a class climate that was more directly aligned with what students were ready to experience while compromising with the larger educational context. By making less discernible the differences between my practice and those with which my students were familiar, I reframed my underlying focus from clashing tales of triumph and tragedy to a complex tapestry of interwoven layers of self informing my evolving pedagogy of teacher education. Doing so helped illuminate th...
Targeting DNA-binding drugs to sequence-specific transcription factor.DNA complexes. Differential effects of intercalating and minor groove binding drugs.

Intercalating, minor groove binding, and covalently bonding drugs were evaluated by mobility shift assays for their ability to interfere with transcription factors binding to their respective DNA recognition sequences. The Cys2His2 zinc finger proteins EGR1, WT1, and NIL2A, the basic leucine-zipper protein wbJun/wbFos, and the minor groove binding protein hTBP were chosen as representative transcription factors. Their DNA recognition sites include G/C-rich, mixed, and A/T-rich sequences. The intercalators nogalamycin and hedamycin, and the G/C-specific minor groove binding drug chromomycin A3 were the most potent drugs, preventing transcription factor.DNA complex formation at concentrations less than 1 microM. Similar concentrations of chromomycin A3 disrupted preformed complexes while nogalamycin and hedamycin were 50-fold less potent if proteins were allowed to bind DNA prior to drug treatment. Echinomycin inhibited EGR1.DNA complex formation 50% at 5 microM but had little effect on the formation of NIL2A.DNA complexes. Conversely, doxorubicin was found to inhibit NIL2A complex formation 50% at less than 1 microM, but did not achieve this level of inhibition of EGR1/DNA complex formation even at 50 microM. The A/T-directed minor groove binding drugs, while inhibiting hTBP at submicromolar concentrations, had no effect on either EGR1 or NIL2A.
Visuomotor control of neck surface electromyography in Parkinson's disease

OBJECTIVE To compare performance of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched controls on a visuomotor tracking task controlled via surface electromyography (sEMG). METHODS Twenty-seven adults with PD and twenty-four older controls produced dry swallows and completed a visuomotor tracking task utilizing both static and dynamic targets. sEMG was recorded at the anterior neck and submental surface during both tasks. RESULTS There was no significant difference in visuomotor tracking ability between cohorts. Post hoc analyses indicated that there was no significant difference between participant groups in the strength or duration of swallows as measured by sEMG but that participants with PD showed a trend for decreased swallow durations at the anterior neck (padj = 0.067) whereas controls showed a trend for increased durations at the anterior neck (padj = 0.112), compared to the submental surface. However, there were no significant correlations between swallowing behavior and visuomotor tracking ability. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in visuomotor tracking performance between individuals with PD and controls. Furthermore, there was no relationship between tracking ability and swallowing behavior. We conclude that sEMG-mediated biofeedback may have limited promise as a tool for treating PD-related dysphagia.
TheaterLoc: using information integration technology to rapidly build virtual applications

Although much has been written about various information integration technologies, little has been said regarding how to combine these technologies together to build an entire application. We demonstrate TheaterLoc, an information integration application that allows users to retrieve information about theatres and restaurants for various U.S. cities, including an interactive map depicting their relative locations. The data retrieved by TheaterLoc comes from five distinct heterogeneous and distributed sources. The enabling technology used to achieve the integration includes: the Ariadne information mediator, a Web site wrapper learning tool, the Theseus execution system, and a mechanism for distributed spatial query planning. Our system is novel because it demonstrates how "virtual applications" can be rapidly built from a set of integration tools and existing online data sources.
Scenario-based functional regression testing

Regression testing has been a popular quality-assurance technique. Most regression testing techniques are based on code or software design. This paper proposes a scenario-based functional regression testing, which is based on end-to-end (E2E) integration test scenarios. The test scenarios are first represented in a template model that embodies both test dependency and traceability. By using test dependency information, one can obtain a test slicing algorithm to detect the scenarios that are affected and thus they are candidates for regression testing. By using traceability information, one can find affected components and their associated test scenarios and test cases for regression testing. With the same dependency and traceability information one can use the ripple effect analysis to identify all affected, including directly or indirectly, scenarios and thus the set of test cases can be selected for regression testing. This paper also provides several alternative test-case selection approaches and a hybrid approach to meet various requirements. A web-based tool has been developed to support these regression testing tasks.
Nitrones: A Novel Class of Liquid Crystals

Abstract Over the last several years, we have witnessed an upsurge in the quantity of research devoted to mesophase formation and properties.1 Of particular interest to chemists is the investigation of molecular structure requirements for liquid crystalline substances, and the variation of mesophase physical properties with composition.2 It has been well established that a large number of compounds which display nematic and/or smectic mesophases possess rod-like shapes and a relatively high degree of polarizability and of conformational rigidity.3 For example, many liquid crystal materials are based on the general structure I; that is, with appropriate aryl moieties, stilbenes (Ia), anils (Ib), azobenzenes (Ic), and azoxybenzenes (Id)4 show mesomorphic properties.
Presentation of Exogenous Antigen with Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules

Soluble antigens (Ags) in the extracellular fluids are excluded from the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted pathway of Ag presentation in most cells. However, an exogenous Ag can be internalized, processed, and presented in association with class I MHC molecules on specialized Ag-presenting cells (APCs). These APCs express class II molecules and can simultaneously present exogenous Ags to both class I and class II MHC-restricted T cells. These APCs may be important participants in the regulation of host immune responses. This APC activity may explain several phenomena of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming in vivo and might be exploited for eliciting CTL responses to protein vaccines.
Subcellular calcium signaling in cardiac cells revealed with fast two-dimensional confocal imaging

Excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling in atrial myocytes was studied with fast confocal microscopy and simultaneous Ca2+-current measurements. Cat atrial myocytes lack transverse tubules and contain junctional (j-SR) and non- junctional SR (nj-SR) which both ave ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels. ICa triggered Ca2+ release from discrete peripheral j-SR release sites, which then fused into a peripheral 'ring' of elevated (Ca2+)i, followed by propagation to the center and contraction. J-SR Ca2+ release could be terminated instantaneously by interrupting ICa, whereas nj-SR Ca2+ release continued, once initiated, even after ICa and j-SR Ca2+ release was terminated. Resting myocytes exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ release events including Ca2+ release sites. In summary, during e-c coupling in atrial cells the elevation of (Ca2+)i begins with j-SR Ca2+ release under the tight control of ICa. The peripheral increase of (Ca2+)i subsequently activates adjacent nj-SR resulting in centripetal propagation of activation via CICR.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Temperament theory and research.

Astute nurse clinicians are constantly assessing the responses of their patients and then using that information to plan their subsequent interactions and interventions. Nurses who adjust the manner in which they deal with patients recognize that individual characteristics need to be respected if the desired effects of intervention are to be achieved. However, unless nurses can articulate how those assessments and adjustments in their care are determined, their wisdom and experience cannot be communicated to other care providers, nor can they participate with their colleagues in a formalized evaluation of the effectiveness of their approach.
Eliciting parental report following pediatric traumatic brain injury: preliminary findings on the Pediatric Inventory of Neurobehavioral Symptoms

The current article presents preliminary normative data for the Pediatric Inventory of Neurobehavioral Symptoms (PINS), a parent rating scale consisting of symptoms associated with post-traumatic cerebral dysfunction, such as disinhibition, perseveration, reduced spontaneity, inappropriate affective responses, episodic phenomena, and disruptions of biologic function. Comparison data from a sample of 50 elementary age children who had sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) reveals significant differences on the PINS total score and each of five subscale scores. Two of the 5 PINS subscales (Episodic Symptoms, Biologic Signs) significantly differentiated the TBI and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (n = 35) groups, suggesting that these may be clinical features that distinguish post-traumatic cerebral dysfunction from developmental psychopathology. Despite the need for additional research, the PINS appears to be a promising new measure in advancing our understanding of the neurobehavioral sequelae of pediatric traumatic brain injury.
How far is near? Inferring distance from spatial descriptions

A word may mean different things in different contexts. The current study explored the changing denotations of spatial terms, focusing on how the distance inferred from a spatial description varied as a function of the size of the objects being spatially related. We examined both terms that explicitly convey distance (i.e., topological terms such as near), and terms not traditionally associated with distance (i.e., projective terms such as left).The critical finding was that estimates of distance associated with both classes of terms were systematically influenced by the size of the objects, generalising an effect observed by Morrow and Clark (1988) with approach. The effect was replicated using an indirect scaling method, and centre-to-centre and edge-to-edge estimates. The results support the idea that dimensions relevant to the processing of spatial terms are not limited to information explicitly conveyed by the spatial terms.
N-heterocyclic carbene–palladium catalysts for the bisdiene cyclization-trapping reaction with sulfonamides under thermal and microwave conditions

Abstract Simple palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts readily effect the palladium-catalyzed cyclization-trapping of bisdienes with sulfonamides. The reaction is quite efficient for a variety of sulfonamides and several bisdienes. For example, using 0.1% of the in situ generated or preformed (IMes)Pd(η 3 -C 3 H 5 )Cl complex, the cyclization-trapping of a simple bisdiene with TsN(H)CH 2 Ph proceeds in good yield under thermal conditions (74–75%, 75 °C, 9 h). The same reaction run under microwave irradiation proceeds somewhat faster and in even higher yield (86%, 75 °C, 2.5 h).
Synthesis, Photochemistry, and Electrochemistry of a Series of Phthalocyanines with Graded Steric Hindrance†

A group of twelve new and three known silicon phthalocyanines having axial ligands and peripheral groups which provide varying amounts of steric protection to the ring face and ring periphery has b...
Differentiation between selected pairs of tripeptide diastereomers by tandem mass spectrometry on a hybrid tandem mass spectrometer.

Low-energy collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) and unimolecular decomposition of the [M + H]+ ions for X-L-Pro-L-Phe, where X is L-Ala, D-Ala, L-Asp, or D-Asp, allow easy differentiation between the LLL and DLL diastereomers. Tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) studies of the [M + H]+ ions formed by fast-atom bombardment (FAB) at various ion kinetic energies (Elab values) on a hybrid tandem instrument produced ions of different intensities for the diastereomers. The ratio of NH3 to H2O loss is 0.3 for the L-Ala peptide but 1.7 for the D-Ala isomer at 5 eV. In some L-Ala spectra, the [M + H − NH3]+ ion does not appear at all. The y2 ion is up to twice as abundant in the L-Ala spectra as in the D-Ala, while the b2 ion is somewhat more abundant for CAD of the D-Ala peptide for most collision energies investigated. The D-Asp peptide produces a b2 ion that is more than half-again as abundant as in the case of the L-Asp isomer, and an [M + H − H2O]+ ion that is up to twice as abundant in the D-Asp CAD spectra as in those of the L-Asp. The y1, a2, and phenylalanine immonium ions are each up to twice as abundant in the L-Asp spectra as in those of the D-Asp isomer. The major differences are correlated with force-field calculations on hydrogen-bonded tautomers.
A test of equilibrium theory: Effects of topic intimacy and proximity on verbal and nonverbal behavior in pairs of friends and strangers

This experiment examined verbal and nonverbal behavior by pairs of female friends and strangers as they discussed either intimate or nonintimate topics at face-to-face distances of approximately 2.5 or 4.5 feet. On the basis of equilibrium theory and Altman and Taylor's (1973) theory about interpersonal exchange, strangers were expected to react to intimate topics or close proximity or both with discomfort and decreased affiliative behavior (facial regard, gesturing, speech). Friends were expected to show increased affiliative behavior. Results indicated that both strangers and friends showed signs of discomfort and low levels of affiliative behavior while discussing intimate topics, i.e.compensation. Discomfort with intimate topics and compensation decreased over time, indicatingadaptation. This finding suggests that compensation for intimate topics may occur only during the initial phases of an encounter.
Sequential two photon dissociation of cyanobenzene cation

Abstract In continuation of our studies in the new area of multiple photon laser dissociation of ions, we report evidence for the sequential two photon dissociation of cyanobenzene radical cation, C6H5CN+, to produce predominantly C6H+4 and HCN. The complete excitation function for this process, as well as for a single photon process occurring at higher energies, are compared to the photoelectron spectrum of cyanobenzene to elucidate the nature of the transitions involved. An exact kinetic expression is derived and used to obtain information about the absorption spectra of C6H5CN+ in its ground vibronic state and with internal energy between 2.0 and 2.8 eV. Finally, data from our earlier study of benzene radical cation is reanalyzed and discussed.
Tribological studies of ultrahigh dose nitrogen-implanted iron and stainless steel

The effects of nitrogen implantation to doses as high as 1 × 1019ions/cm2 on the sliding wear resistance and nitrogen concentration depth profiles are examined experimentally. By maintaining the proper implantation temperature, increases in dose induce the formation of thicker nitrogen-rich, wear-resistant layers. Several microns thick layers are demonstrated for both iron and stainless steel.
Mental Stress and the Cardiovascular System Part VI. Chronic Mental Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: Psychosocial Factors

Abstract This paper extends our review of mental stress and the cardiovascular system. We focus on the psychosocial factors of life events, socioeconomic status (SES), and social isolation or disruption. Life events (positive or negative) bring changes in baseline emotional state. Change, in and of itself, may adversely affect the cardiovascular system. Thus, subjects exposed to an increased number of life events over a short time may develop clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease independent of the nature of the life events. SES incorporates many lifestyle issues. Subjects with low SES may have many cardiac risk factors because of their location within the SES hierarchy and are more likely to suffer adverse cardiovascular events than subjects with high SES. Therefore, this psychosocial risk factor should be assessed in any investigation of the relationship between mental stress and cardiovascular disease. Social isolation or disruption may adversely affect the origin, course, and outcome of coronary artery disease. Also, this psychosocial factor may act synergistically with other cardiac risk factors such as high cholesterol diet to accelerate the course of coronary atherosclerosis.
Absolute cross section for forward recoiling hydrogen with 1.0–12.5 MeV 4He

Abstract The differential cross-section for forward recoiling hydrogen with 4He ions has been determined for the energy range of 1.0–12.5 MeV at a laboratory angle of 30°. Relative measurements of the cross-section were determined from a magnetron sputtered diamond-like carbon thin film deposited on a polished molybdenum substrate. Polystyrene (C8H8) thin films were used as a standard to re-normalize the relative cross-section measurements through the Rutherford cross-section of carbon. This technique allowed the determination of all data points to 5% absolute error over the entire energy range. A polynomial fit of the absolute cross section is also presented.
Explaining when developing countries liberalize their financial equity markets

Abstract This paper is the first to explain when countries opened their financial equity markets and is the first to explain financial liberalization using a large sample of developing countries. We test several novel hypotheses. We find that equity markets are opened earlier in countries that trade more with developed countries and that have more developed financial markets. Equity markets are opened earlier in democracies, especially if the country's leader is a civilian. Our other findings are consistent with the literature, which has found greater financial market openness in countries receiving more FDI, in richer countries, and in democracies.
Cascaded EMF and speed sliding mode observer for the nonsalient PMSM

The paper presents an EMF and speed estimator for the nonsalient permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The method uses two cascaded sliding mode (SM) observers and is realized using only the measured voltages and currents of the motor. A first SM observer estimates the EMFs of the machine in the stationary reference frame. These EMFs are passed as inputs to a second SM observer that estimates the motor speed and re-estimates the EMFs. The method is applicable in a sensorless PMSM speed control scheme where the estimated EMFs are used to obtain the rotor position and the estimated speed is used for speed feedback. The paper verifies the existence conditions of the sliding mode motion and proves the convergence of the observers. The theoretical findings are validated with simulation results that show that the estimated EMFs and speed are of good quality. The advantages of the proposed method compared to the state of the art are discussed.
Malignancy of recurrent, early-onset major depression: a family study.

Coordinated efforts to identify susceptibility genes for unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and related disorders are now underway. These studies have focused on recurrent, early-onset MDD (RE-MDD), the most heritable form of this disorder. The goal of this study was to characterize the burden of MDD and other mood disorders, comorbid mental disorders, and excess mortality in RE-MDD families. A total of 81 families were identified through probands over the age of 18, who met criteria for recurrent (> or = 2 episodes), early-onset (< or = 25 years), nonpsychotic, unipolar MDD (RE-MDD), and included 407 first-degree relatives and 835 extended relatives. Psychiatric diagnoses for probands and their family members who provided blood samples were formulated from structured personal interviews, structured family history assessments, and available medical records. The remaining family members who participated and those who were deceased were evaluated through the family history method augmented by available medical records. Best estimate diagnoses were made during a consensus conference according to established diagnostic criteria. Approximately half of the first-degree relatives and a quarter of extended relatives of RE-MDD probands suffered from at least one mood disorder, typically MDD. As commonly observed for other oligogenic, multifactorial disorders, the severity of MDD reflected by age at onset and number of episodes attenuated with increasing familial/genetic distance from the proband. A substantial fraction of RE-MDD probands and their first-degree relatives met diagnostic criteria for additional psychiatric disorders that include prominent disturbances of mood. The deceased relatives of RE-MDD probands died at a median age that was 8 years earlier than for the local population; over 40% died before reaching age 65. These differences in mortality statistics resulted from a shift toward younger ages at death across the lifespan, including a fivefold increase in the proportion of individuals who died in the first year of life. Several-fold increases in the proportion of deaths by suicide, homicide, and liver disease were observed among the relatives of RE-MDD probands. However, the rank order of the three most common causes of death-heart disease, cancer, and stroke-remained unchanged and differences in the proportions of deaths from the remaining causes were small. RE-MDD is a strongly familial condition with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity, whose malignant effects have a significant negative impact on the health and longevity of patients and their family members.
Waveguide-integrated optical antenna nanoLEDs for on-chip communication

We present on an optical antenna based nanoLED that is fabricated directly on top of an InP waveguide. Waveguide coupling efficiency of 70% and directional emission is achieved with a Yagi-Uda antenna structure. By using an epitaxial lift-off process, we show that this device could be integrated directly onto a Silicon-photonics substrate.
Arabidopsis Embryogenesis: Radicle development(s)

Genetic and anatomical analyses of the developing Arabidopsis embryogenic root reveal that stereotypic patterns of cell division are not required for pattern formation.
Variations in tilt rate and harmonic tremor amplitude during the January–August 1983 east rift eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Abstract During January–August 1983, a network of telemetered tiltmeters and seismometers recorded detailed temporal changes associated with seven major eruptive phases along the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Each eruptive phase was accompanied by subsidence of the summit region and followed by reinflation of the summit to approximately the same level before renewal of eruptive activity. The cyclic summit tilt pattern and the absence of measurable tilt changes near the eruptive site suggest that conditions in the summit region controlled the timing of the last six eruptive phases. The rate of summit subsidence progressively increased from one eruptive phase to the next during the last six phases; the amplitude of harmonic tremor increased during the last four phases. The increases in subsidence rate and in tremor amplitude suggest that frequent periods of magma movement have reduced the flow resistance of the conduit system between the summit and the rift zone.
Biases in Interpersonal Communication: How Engineering Students Perceive Gender Typical Speech Acts in Teamwork

This research investigates differences in how engineering and non-engineering men and women perceive common speech acts in team settings. Participants completed surveys asking them to rate the speakers of three male typical and three female typical speech acts. Male engineering students were significantly harsher than other groups on female typical speech acts in which the speaker conceded weaknesses, even if this concession was for strategic purposes such as trying to help another teammate “save face.” This bias against female typical speech was consistent regardless of the speaker's gender, suggesting that students were reacting to speech patterns rather than to biological gender. These findings provide hope that women may be able to help manage perceptions of their everyday team interactions by avoiding statements that imply weaknesses, even if such speech is normal in other situations.
Dieldrin Pretreatment Alters [14C]Dieldrin and [3H]7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Uptake in Rainbow Trout Liver Slices

We previously demonstrated that pretreatment of rainbow trout with the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin altered in vivo disposition of a subsequent [14C]dieldrin dose. This was not explained by changes in total lipid content or the activity of common xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. We hypothesized that dieldrin induced hepatic proteins responsible for organochlorine (OC) sequestration, transport, or excretion and that these changes reflected an adaptive response of trout to OC exposure. Here, uptake of 1.18 microM [14C]-dieldrin by precision cut liver slices was increased by dieldrin pretreatment of rainbow trout. Uptake of 0.118 and 1.18 microM [3H]-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and efflux of 0.118 microM [3H]DMBA were significantly increased in slices from dieldrin-pretreated trout. Liver slice uptake of 10 but not 1.18 microM [3H]-estradiol and [3H]cholic acid was significantly increased by dieldrin pretreatment. There were no such significant differences for [3H]cholesterol, [3H]cholesterol-oleate, or [3H]oleic acid uptake. Dieldrin pretreatment did not alter hepatic microsomal metabolism of [3H]DMBA or [14C]benzo[a]pyrene or content of six cytochrome P450 isozymes, as quantitated by Western Blot analysis. These results provide further evidence that altered disposition of [14C]dieldrin and [3H]DMBA in dieldrin-pretreated trout was not explained by microsomal enzyme induction but reflected altered processes integral to hepatocellular transmembrane kinetics. These changes may have important implications for OC bioaccumulation by rainbow trout and demonstrate an interaction between dieldrin and DMBA in the absence of cytochrome P450 system induction.
An alternate derivation and extension of Friendland's two-stage Kalman estimator

An alternate simplified derivation of Friedland's two-stage Kalman estimator is given for a somewhat more general class of problems than considered by Friedland. Friedland's result is also extended to encompass two variations on the basic idea which are of practical interest.
Guidelines for Responding to Clients Spontaneously Presenting Their Poetry in Therapy

Poetry therapy has become a valuable adjunctive tool in social work practice, as well as an important discipline in its own right. What has not been previously presented in the literature are intervention strategies designed for when clients spontaneously present their poems in treatment without prompting from the clinician. This article provides just such practice guidelines for clinicians, especially clinicians who do not normally use poetry in therapy. First, the article explores the uses of poetry in social work practice. Second, it presents general guidelines for how to handle the introduction of poetry by clients through the lens of essential social work values and principles. Third, a case study is presented to amplify these guidelines.
Effect of bowel resection and high-fat diet on heart CD36/fatty-acid translocase expression in a rat model of short-bowel syndrome

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are the major energy substrates for the heart. In short-bowel syndrome (SBS), LCFA delivery to the myocardium decreases due to fat malabsorption. Fatty-acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 has recently been identified as a LCFA-binding protein in heart tissue. To determine the effects of bowel resection and a high-fat diet (HFD) on myocardial CD36 expression, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: sham rats fed normal chow (Sham-NC); SBS rats fed NC (SBS-NC), and SBS rats fed a HFD (SBS-HFD). Control rats underwent transection and anastomosis; SBS animals underwent 75% small-bowel resection. Rats were killed at 3 or 14 days. Total body weight, heart weight, heart-tissue total lipid, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined at death. Total RNA from the myocardium was extracted using TRIZOL reagent. Northern-blot analysis was used to determine FAT/CD36 mRNA. Statistical significance was determined by Student's t-test with P values below 0.05 considered significant. SBS-NC and SBS-HFD rats had significantly lower body weights compared with Sham-NC animals. The heart weights and myocardial total lipid did not vary among experimental groups. Decreases in plasma triglycerides (38.2 +/- 3.8 vs 58.8 +/- 5.5 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and cholesterol (38.2 +/- 6.9 vs 55.3 +/- 8.2 mg/dl, P < 0.05) in SBS-NC compared to Sham-NC rats on day 3 was accompanied by a twofold increase ( P < 0.05) in myocardial CD36/FAT mRNA levels. Early exposure to HFD led to increased (vs SBS-NC) plasma cholesterol (82.9 +/- 5.7 vs 38.2 +/- 6.9 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and triglycerides (62.5 +/- 15.6 vs 38.2 +/- 3.8 mg/dl, P < 0.05), and a concomitant decrease in CD36/FAT mRNA levels (45.1 +/- 17.8 vs 86.6 +/- 15%, respectively, P < 0.05). Plasma lipid concentration and myocardial CD36/FAT mRNA levels on day 14 were not significantly different among the experimental groups. In this rat model of SBS, the heart thus reacts to decreased LCFA delivery by increased tissue CD36/FAT mRNA levels and, consequently, active LCFA uptake. A HFD increased plasma lipid concentrations and decreased CD36/FAT levels.
Sphenopteridium and telangiopsis in a Diplopteridium-like association from the Virgilian (upper Pennsylvanian) of New Mexico

The highly fossiliferous Virgilian (Upper Pennsylvanian) shales of the Kinney Brick Company quarry near Albuquerque, New Mexico, contain a diversified flora dominated by walchian conifers and neuropterid pteridosperms. Its other components include a specimen of Telangiopsis sp. and abundant material of Sphenopteridium manzanitanum, n. sp., a highly variable foliar form. Both genera are characteristically restricted to the Upper Mississippian, with the exception of one basal Pennsylvanian occurrence. Their occurrence together in the Kinney sediments and their possession in common of distinctive surficial ornamentation suggest that they represent dissociated parts of Diplopteridium, a very rare European Lower Carboniferous taxon. Other associated plants show later Paleozoic or even Early Mesozoic characteristics, which, together with the Mississippian elements, distinguish the Kinney site as paleobotanically unique.
Characterization and deployment of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) resin for monitoring of microcystins in fresh and saltwater

Abstract Fresh and brackish water cyanobacterial blooms and their associated toxins appear to be increasing globally. Current sampling methodologies for cyanotoxins typically involve point (grab) samples, and are subject to variability due to spatial and temporal heterogeneity, hydrological conditions, and the presence or absence of surface accumulations (scums) of algae. To overcome some of these issues, passive samplers including Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Compound Integrative Samplers (POCIS) have been used for primarily marine phycotoxins with more limited application to freshwater toxins. In this study SPATT was evaluated in both the lab and the field for use as an integrative sampler for microcystins, deployed in freshwater using DIAION HP20 resin. HP20 exhibited excellent adsorption and recovery characteristics for microcystin-LR, -YR, -LA, and -RR. Approximately weekly deployments of SPATT in Pinto Lake, CA were conducted for 16 months and compared to traditional (grab) samples. SPATT proved to be robust, detecting microcystins during every deployment in contrast to the grab samples, 42% of which were below the limit of detection using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for microcystin-LR. A simple canonical correlation model was built to determine if toxin concentrations co-varied with environmental parameters such as water temperature, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a , rainfall, or other easily obtained variables. The best individual correlate to toxin concentration was total biomass (chlorophyll a ), while the first principal axis of the canonical correlation included chlorophyll a and total dissolved nitrogen as statistically significant variables. Overall, SPATT proved to be a useful adjunct or replacement for traditional grab samples.
Patterns of growth and regression of ovarian follicles during the oestrous cycle and after hemiovariectomy in mares

Summary To increase our understanding of the regulation of ovarian follicular development during the oestrous cycle, 13 mares were used in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the pattern of growth and regression of individual follicles, 15 mm or more in size, was monitored daily during 17 oestrous cycles by real-time ultrasonography. Each examination was recorded on videotape to ensure accurate monitoring of individual follicles. Results indicated that the development of such follicles occurs in waves, with the most common pattern being one follicular wave per oestrous cycle (12 of 17 cycles). An alternative pattern of two follicular waves per cycle was observed in mares with (n=3) and without (n=2) dioestrous ovulations. The ovulatory follicle appeared earlier in the cycle in mares with one wave than in mares with two waves (Day 6.3 ± 0.9 vs Day 11.0 ± 1.2, respectively; p<0.01). Also, the ovulatory follicle was the largest follicle for a longer period of time in mares with one wave than in mares with two waves per cycle (9.5 ± 0.6 vs 5.8 ± 0.3 days, respectively; p<0.01). Mares with one follicular wave had shorter cycles than those with two waves per cycle (18.2 ± 0.6 vs 21.6 ± 0.5 days, p<0.001). In both cases, the interval between the appearance of the ovulatory follicle and its ovulation was, on average, 10 to 12 days. Overall, a negative correlation was found between the relative size of the ovulatory follicle at the beginning of the follicular phase and the length of the follicular phase (r=-0.91, p<0.001). To study the control of follicular recruitment, patterns of follicular growth were monitored in nine mares following removal of the ovary bearing the presumptive ovulatory follicle (Experiment 2). Hemiovariectomies were performed between Day 14 of dioestrus and the fourth day of oestrus. Follicular dynamics were characterised by the development of one follicular wave that produced one to three ovulatory follicles in seven of nine mares. The ovulatory follicle reached 15 mm or more 6.3 ± 1.5 days following surgery and the interval from hemiovariectomy to ovulation was 13.7 ± 1.3 days. Two of nine mares hemiovariectomised on Day 14 failed to undergo complete luteolysis after the ovary bearing the ovulatory follicle, but not the corpus luteum, was excised. These mares had not ovulated by 30 days after surgery, although follicular waves producing ovulatory size follicles were observed. This study indicated that the development of ovarian follicles 15 mm or larger in the mare occurs in waves, with a more common pattern of one wave and an alternative pattern of two waves per oestrous cycle.
Gene modulation in Drosophila: dosage compensation of Pgd+ and Zw+ genes.

The sex-linked Pgd+ and Zw+ genes of Drosophila melanogaster and their associated enzyme activities 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were employed in an analysis of the relationship between dosage compensation and the location of genes in the genome. In the genotypes examined, the enzyme activity specified by each copy of the gene is twice in males what it is in females. This is true of normal, structurally rearranged, and duplication genotypes. Dosage compensation, therefore, is a regulatory function associated with single structural genes or small chromosomal segments and does not depend on the gene's physical location on the X chromosome.