cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Context Cues on Eyewitness Identification Responses1

People's memory of events is often improved when there is some similarity between the conditions attending the original incident and the conditions present at the time of memory search. These context cues are commonly used by criminal investigators when obtaining eyewitness descriptions (recall tasks). The present research explored the impact of context cues on eyewitness identification responses (recognition tasks). It was found that reinstating the physical environment in which the crime was witnessed had no discernible effects. Even worse, reinstatement of the personal appearance of the criminal (distinctive shirt and glasses) had several undesirable consequences. The most important of these was the power of personal appearance context cues to facilitate false alarms (positive identification of innocent targets). There was no evidence that appearance cues actually improved memory of the criminal's facial characteristics. Possibilities for more effective context manipulations were explored. Emphasis was placed against generalizing from the beneficial effect of context on recall to applied problems of recognition.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Solid State

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy can determine the structures of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers and other supramolecular assemblies. High-resolution spectra can be obtained from stationary, oriented samples and from unoriented samples with magic-angle sample spinning. Keywords: oriented samples; magic angle spinning; membrane proteins
An integrated authoring system for diagnostic testing (abstract)

The IASDT (Integrated Authoring System for Diagnostic Testing) is a flexible, extensible authoring system designed to support the Mathematics Diagnostic Extension Project (MDE). MDE is a test suite designed to assess students' weaknesses and strengths in precalculus level math skills and provide this information to academic advisors. The MDE is implemented as an instance of a testing “shell” called IASDT that facilitates the development of diagnostic tests, tutorials, and drill and practice suites.The IASD was initially developed in 1985 to deliver a diagnostic mathematics examination at the University of Minnesota, Morris under the direction of Dr. Campbell director of the UMM Academic Assistance Center (AAC). Before IASDT the examination was administered by a student tutor of the AAC presenting questions one at a time from a stack of index cards to the person taking the test. The IASDT was developed in order to overcome the drawbacks of an examination being delivered on index cards. The IASDT is an integrated environment specifically designed to support delivery of diagnostic examinations. The IASDT differs from other authoring systems in that the examiner may design exams that branch in several directions based upon the students performance on a given set of questions. Sets of questions are bundled into modules that correspond to nodes in a digraph.The MDE has been used successfully at UMM since Fall 1985 to guide students into appropriate developmental courses. This paper describes both the historical development of the MDE (including the supporting IASDT) and how is has been used at UMM for the past four years.
Molecular systematics of the Pardosa groenlandica species complex (Araneae: Lycosidae): large sample sizes fail to find monophyletic species

Relationships within the Pardosa groenlandica species complex (sensu Slowik and Sikes 2013) were analysed to test two competing hypotheses – the species complex consists of either four or seven species. We conducted a partitioned Bayesian analyses of the mitochondrial gene COI and the nuclear genes ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2. These genes provided a dataset composed of 1874 nucleotides each from 144 specimens. Additional analyses included application of the DNA barcoding protocol and a phylogeographic study of a subset of specimens. Analyses found no support for either hypothesis and only one species was found monophyletic in a subset of analyses. Mitochondrial DNA yielded clades discordant with geography. Species in the P. groenlandica species complex show various amounts of genetic support, with a general lack of agreement between genetics and morphology for species boundaries.
Maintenance of polarity and a dual cell population in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study

Aims: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast, although quite uncommon, is histologically distinct and has an excellent prognosis. Our purpose was to characterize molecular markers of cellular differentiation and polarity to define better the role that these combined features might play in the excellent prognosis of ACC in this site. Methods and results: We performed immunohistochemical stains for expression of vimentin (VM), cytokeratin (CK), smooth muscle actin (SMA), laminin (LAM), E-cadherin (E-cad), β-catenin (β-cat) and fodrin in 14 examples of ACC. Two types of intercellular lumens and defining lining cells were detected: true epithelial lumens were lined by CK positive cells that maintained the normal glandular luminal cells with an intact polarity and basolateral membrane compartment indicators: fodrin, E-cad and β-cat. The second type of intercellular space was a pseudolumen, surrounded by myoepithelial cells that were strongly positive for VM and SMA, and lined by LAM. Double staining for VM and CK, VM and SMA, and CK and SMA detected occasional cytoplasmic co-expression of these markers in the myoepithelial cell compartment, but VM and SMA did not stain epithelial lumenal cells. Conclusions: ACC of the breast is characterized by the presence of two types of intercellular lumens, one conserving basolateral markers of normal polarity (epithelial) with the other containing basement membrane material (abutted by myoepithelial cells). Dominance of VM staining may be a hallmark of ACC, along with maintained epithelial and myoeithelial compartments. This status of advanced, normal differentiation despite local invasion may be responsible for lack of distant metastasis.
Focus on transitions of care: description and evaluation of an educational intervention for internal medicine residents.

Transitions of care between physicians and from inpatient to outpatient settings leave patients vulnerable to medical errors and adverse events. A transitions of care workshop consisting of 2 sessions, Sign-Out Success (SOS) and Transition To Home (TTH), taught sign-out and discharge skills to incoming internal medicine interns during orientation. The workshop used role-playing exercises, didactics, demonstrations, and peer and self-evaluations. Interns completed a survey at 3 months post workshop. Using pre–post workshop measures, SOS increased the quality of intern-rated sign-outs (P = .004). Interns reported more confidence in their ability to effectively sign out (P = .016) and a greater understanding of problems that might arise while on call (P = .012). TTH increased intern-reported confidence in their ability to communicate discharge instructions (P < .001) and to verify patient understanding of instructions (P < .001). A majority reported using SOS and TTH skills 3 months post workshop. This works...
Neurofuzzy characterization of financial time series in an anticipatory framework

Neurofuzzy characterization of financial time series refers to the judicious application of neural and fuzzy tools to the problem of time series prediction. A methodology is presented where fuzzy if/then rules and neural predictors are used to anticipate the predictability a time series over various time horizons. The methodology is tested with actual financial time series data (S&S 500 daily closes) and shows considerable promise as a decision making and planning tool. Results in the context of option trading strategies are presented and discussed.
Nucleation of Islands During Epitaxial Growth: Influence of a Second Species

The theory of the nucleation and growth of islands is maturing rapidly. This advance is driven by the increased availability of experimental data, as well as the need for better control over growth processes. Recently, a number of authors have studied the effects of introducing a second species onto the surface in order to influence the ultimate growth morphology. In some situations, the addition of a second species results in a signficant change (approximately a factor of 1000) in the nucleated island density. The origin of this increase in density has been linked to the anomalous diffusion induced by the presence of the additional species of atoms. In the current paper, this dependence is explored further. In particular, earlier work focused on nucleation and growth in the regime in which the second species is essentially immobile. This constraint is relaxed here, and the subsequent model studied through application of a self-consistent mean-field theory. Predictions for the total island density are presented.
Comparison of Reynolds Stress Estimates Derived from Standard and Fast-Ping ADCPs

Abstract A field experiment was conducted to directly compare the effects of different sampling modes on Reynolds stress estimates calculated from acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). Two 1.2-MHz ADCPs were deployed concurrently over a fortnightly cycle: one collected single-ping measurements using mode 1 and a second ADCP employed the fast-ping rate mode 12 with subping-averaged data recorded at the same sample rate as the first ADCP. While mode 12 clearly has a lower noise floor for the estimate of mean velocities, it has been an open question whether the averaging of subpings leads to a biased estimate of turbulence quantities, due to the temporal averaging inherent in this approach. Using the variance method, Reynolds stresses were estimated from the two ADCP datasets and compared with stresses computed directly from the velocity records obtained with a pair of fast sampling acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) collocated with the ADCPs. Mode-12 stresses were more accurate than mode 1 in compar...
Development of a catalytically green route from diverse lignocellulosic biomasses to high-density cycloalkanes for jet fuels

This study reports a novel route to manufacture high-density cycloalkanes for jet fuels from diverse lignocellulosic biomasses. The consecutive processes for manufacturing high-density cycloalkanes primarily included the catalytic microwave-induced pyrolysis of diverse lignocellulosic biomasses (hybrid poplar, loblolly pine and Douglas fir) over a well-promoted ZSM-5 and a hydrogenation process in the presence of a RANEY® nickel catalyst. Two variables (catalytic temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio) were employed to determine the optimal conditions for the production of C8–C16 aromatics in the catalytic microwave-induced pyrolysis. The maximum carbon yield of the desired aromatics was 24.76%, which was achieved from the catalytic microwave-induced pyrolysis of hybrid poplar at 500 °C with the catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 0.25. We observed that the aromatics derived from catalytic microwave-induced pyrolysis in the n-heptane medium were completely hydrogenated into renewable high-density cycloalkanes for jet fuels. In the hydrogenation process, increasing the catalyst loading and reaction temperature could promote the selectivity to high-density cycloalkanes. The results indicated that hybrid poplar was the optimal feedstock for obtaining the highest selectivity (95.20%) towards high-density cycloalkanes. The maximum carbon yield of cycloalkane-enriched hyrogenated organics based on hybrid poplar was 22.11%. These high-density cycloalkanes with high selectivity can be directly used as additives in jet fuels, such as JP-5, JP-10 and RJ-5.
The Judicial Safeguards of Marginal Federalism

In this paper, I argue the exhaustive debate about the political safeguards of federalism is too narrow. The enduring nature of the debate, and the lack of resolution of competing claims, rests on an uncompromising definition of "federalism questions." Some federalism questions concern the scope of the commerce clause, state sovereign immunity, and anticommandeering. I propose a broader functional definition of federalism cases, in which the courts decisions in a variety of areas - land policy, criminal procedure, statutory preemption, etc. - impose different kinds of costs on states. These include autonomy costs, administrative costs, and reputational costs. Decisions as diverse as Melendez-Diaz v Massachusetts, Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council, McDonald v City of Chicago, and a case currently before the court, Turner v Rogers, all operate on the margins of federalism doctrine. In these and similar cases, the court distributes and allocates authority piecemeal. Once we start thinking of federalism cases in these functional rather than formal terms, it becomes hard to sustain a serious critique of judicial review. There is no serious call among judges or commentators to trim the sails of judicial review in these federalism cases, and there is no reason to think the court will stop hearing constitutional criminal procedure cases. Judicial review of such questions is thus inevitable. Besides, states have become important institutional litigants in the Supreme Court - providing information about the consequences of doctrinal innovation and seeking to persuade the court to adopt the states’ preferred constitutional interpretations. States' amicus advocacy thus provides a way for states to be active advocates rather than passive recipients of changes to federal power. This paper shows how judicial review of marginal federalism questions serves to foster the participation of states as advocates for their own institutional interests in the federal system. Just as we consider amicus advocacy by (private) organized interests as a powerful democratic or public-choice tool, we can consider states’ amicus advocacy as, itself, a political safeguard of federalism.
Characterizing the Processes for Navigating Internet Health Information Using Real Time Observations: A Mixed Methods Approach

Background: Millions of Americans conduct regular health-related Internet searches. Little is known about the processes people use to find information or the individual characteristics that shape selection of information-seeking approaches. Objective: To describe how Internet users navigate the Internet for information about a hypothetical acute illness and to identify individual characteristics predictive of their information-seeking strategies. Participants: Study participants were recruited from public settings and agencies. Interested individuals were screened for eligibility using an online questionnaire. A person was eligible if s/he was 21–35 years of age, had searched the Internet for health information within the past 12 months, and reported access barriers to healthcare. Methods: Participants listened to one of two clinical scenarios. One was consistent with mild to moderate influenza, the other with bacterial meningitis. They were instructed to conduct an Internet search as though they were experiencing the symptoms presented in the scenario. Internet search mouse clicks and keystrokes, steps, were captured using screen-capture video software. Each step of the search was coded as hypothesis testing (etiology), exploration (symptoms), or action/treatment seeking (behavior). The coded steps formed a step-by-step pattern of each participant’s information-seeking process. We identified 26 unique patterns, which were grouped into four broad pattern classifications. Results: Seventy-eight participants participated. Analysis proceeded in three steps. First, the patterns were put into a hierarchy of pattern classifications based on number of steps taken during the search (1 step = simple, >1 step = compound). Second, compound patterns were separated based on whether the pattern consisted of, both, developing a hypothesis and exploring symptoms (analytical) before ending the search or searching an action/treatment. Third, the patterns classified as analytical were further classified as including or not including action/treatment seeking. Using dual-processing theory, we categorized the four pattern classifications as either System 1 (41%, n=32) unconscious, rapid, automatic, and high capacity; or System 2 (59%, n=46), conscious, slow, and deliberative processing. Using multivariate regression, we found that System 2 processing was associated with higher education and younger age. Conclusions: We identified and classified two approaches to processing Internet health information. System 2 processing, a methodical approach, most resembles the strategies for information processing that result in a high-quality decision. It is concluded that the quality of Internet health-information seeking could be improved through consumer education on methodical Internet navigation strategies and the incorporation of decision aides into health information websites. []
“If He Wins, I'm Moving to Canada”: Ideological Migration Threats Following the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election

Every four years, partisan Americans threaten to migrate to Canada (or some other country) if their preferred candidate loses the Presidential election. This phenomenon has yet to undergo an empirical test. In the present experiment, 308 Obama voters and 142 Romney voters following the 2012 election responded to one of two writing prompts that led them to think about how the United States was becoming more liberal or conservative. Regardless of the writing prompt condition, Romney voters endorsed migration expressions more than Obama voters. Furthermore, Romney voters, compared to Obama voters, expressed a reduced sense of belonging in the United States. The relationship between voting for Romney and migration expressions was fully mediated by sense of belonging. Together, these findings support the ideological migration hypothesis and suggest that threatening to move to Canada following an undesirable election outcome may be driven by voters’ belonging needs.
Speciation-with-Gene-Flow

Abstract Speciation, the process by which one group of interbreeding populations or individuals diverges into two or more reproductively isolated groups, is responsible for much of the diversity of life on Earth. The geographic context under which populations diverge is a critical consideration for speciation because it influences the opportunity for gene flow, which can have important impacts on the process of speciation. Here, we summarize what is known when gene flow occurs during some stage of the speciation process, termed speciation-with-gene-flow . We also highlight how genome structure may broaden the potential for speciation to occur in the face of gene flow.
The Medieval Expansion of Long-Distance Trade: Adam Smith on the Town's Escape from the Violent and Low-Growth Feudal Equilibrium

Most people in medieval Europe lived at subsistence in a violent feudal world. Adam Smith explained both the long-term stability of the feudal system and how the towns escaped this violence trap through political exchange that fostered their ability to enter long-distance trade, significant division of labor, and economic growth and development. Violence is central to Smith's approach to development, which Smith scholars have systematically under-appreciated. In the face of episodic violence, individuals had little incentives to be industrious, to save, or to invest. Smith argued that the medieval towns escaped the violence trap through trade expansion. In Smith's view, development required three mutually reinforcing elements – liberty; commerce, including long-distance trade; and security from all forms of violence.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES IN PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER

Abbreviations: CLT = chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis PTC = papillary thyroid cancer TgAb = thyroglobulin antibodies
Carry over effects of dietary crude protein and methimazole in broiler chickens

Seven day old male broiler chickens were fed diets containing 12, 18 or 24% crude protein + 0 or 1 g methimazole/kg diet for 21 days to examine the interaction of the birds' thyroid status and crude protein levels on metabolism. Methimazole (1-methyl-2-mercaptimidazole) inhibits thyroidal production of thyroid hormones and results in hypothyroidism. Birds were fed a diet containing 18% crude protein for an additional 21 days to determine the carry over effects of treatments. Birds were killed at 28 and 49 d. In vitro lipogenesis was inversely related (P < 0.05) to dietary protein levels in control birds at 28 d. Dietary methimazole attenuated (P < 0.05) this effect, resulting in a common rate similar to that attained in the birds fed the highest level of protein without methimazole. Birds fed methimazole for an initial 21-day period (7 to 28 d of age) had greater lipogenic rates (P < 0.05) at 49 d than did their control counterparts. In contrast, methimazole increased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat pad (AFP) lipoprotein lipase (LPL) at both age periods, indicating increased ability by the AFP to remove triglycerides from systemic circulation. Observations at 49 d suggest that perturbations in the thyroid of the young bird may substantially change metabolism in later life. Results also show that obesity in hypothyroid birds cannot be explained by increases in de novo lipogenesis, but probably relates to changes in LPL activity.
Control under Complete Observation

In this chapter, we present the supervisory control theory of discrete event systems under complete observation of events. The theory is applicable in any general setting of languages; however, for the termination of algorithms it is required that the languages be regular.
Perceptions of the Impact of Visual Impairment on the Lives of Adolescents

This article reports on a study of 10 adolescents with visual impairments and their best friends. It found that each adolescent had a unique perspective on the impact of visual impairment on family...
The design of symmetric protein nanomaterials comes of age in theory and practice

In nature, protein molecules have evolved as building blocks for the assembly of diverse and complex structures, many of which exhibit a high degree of symmetry. This observation has motivated a number of recent engineering efforts in which the advantages of symmetry have been exploited to design novel self-assembling protein structures of great size. Materials ranging from cages to extended two and three-dimensional arrays have been demonstrated. Especially for extended arrays, a vast number of geometrically different design types are possible. A table of geometric rules is provided for designing a universe of novel materials by combining two component symmetries.
Episodic flooding of estuarine environments in response to drying climate over the last 6000 years in Baffin Bay, Texas

Abstract Recent studies along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico document rapid, centennial-scale, landward retreat or back-stepping of estuarine environments up to 20 km ca. 8.0 ka, 4.8 ka, and 2.6 ka. If such rapid changes in coastal environments occurred today along the urbanized coast of the Gulf of Mexico major economical and ecological loss would occur. Although the 8.0 ka event occurs at a time of increased rates of sea-level rise, the latter two do not; leading to the hypothesis that they may be the result of past climate change. In this study, 121 cores, 4.3 km of high-resolution seismic profiles, and 53 radiocarbon dates are utilized to characterize the stratigraphic architecture and constrain the timing of stratigraphic flooding surfaces in the estuarine fill of upper Baffin Bay, Texas over the last 6 ky. Five flooding surfaces, which formed between 1.1–1.0 ka, 2.7–2.1 ka, 3.8–3.0 ka, 5.2–4.9 ka, and 6.5–5.7 ka, occur within error of drying in southern Texas driven by warming in the North Atlantic and recorded in independent paleoclimate archives. We suggest that these flooding surfaces, which occurred when sea-level in the Gulf of Mexico was rising
Interorganizational Networks in Disaster Management

Abstract Networks have become an important tool for government service delivery. Disaster management systems, particularly in the United States, rely heavily on networks of partners from public, private, and nonprofit sectors. This chapter presents an overview of theory and practice of interorganizational networks in disaster management. Disaster management networks are actively used at all levels of government (local, state, national) and can develop voluntarily or by government mandate. Evaluating these networks is a challenging task because traditional performance measurement tools are not applicable to network settings. Effective communication, trust and social capital, and learning and adaptation are some fundamental factors that contribute to success of disaster management networks. Factors such as power differences between partners, mission and cultural conflicts, role ambiguity, and lack of communication plans hinder network effectiveness.
Cross-Linked Micellar Spherical Nucleic Acids from Thermoresponsive Templates

A one-pot synthesis of micellar spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanostructures using Pluronic F127 as a thermoresponsive template is reported. These novel constructs are synthesized in a chemically straightforward process that involves intercalation of the lipid tails of DNA amphiphiles (CpG motifs for TLR-9 stimulation) into the hydrophobic regions of Pluronic F127 micelles, followed by chemical cross-linking and subsequent removal of non-cross-linked structures. The dense nucleic acid shell of the resulting cross-linked micellar SNA enhances their stability in physiological media and facilitates their rapid cellular internalization, making them effective TLR-9 immunomodulatory agents. These constructs underscore the potential of SNAs in regulating immune response and address the relative lack of stability of noncovalent constructs.
Cholesterol Studies: A Review

Abstract As a result of cardiovascular diseases and associated handicaps, the American public has become increasingly aware of its fitness. However, this fitness problem involves the question of cholesterol. There follows a condensed summary of the role cholesterol has in human function and suggests its possible relationship in an exercise program as well as to factors of the cardiovascular system, age and sex, heredity, diet, obesity, changes in weight, and smoking.
Prediction of the removal profile for tools having a finite contact patch; Technical Digest

A new generation of compliant tools and processes called UltraForm Finishing is under development at the Center for Optics Manufacturing (COM) and OptiPro Systems (Ontario, NY). The purpose is to achieve rapid, high quality finishing of hard materials. These compliant tools exhibit a large contact patch that can be up to 1 cm wide. A numerical model was developed to account for finite contact patch geometry on removal for a flat rotating axisymmetric workpiece. This model was used to determine the depth of removal as a function of radial position after the polishing tool has completely traversed the workpiece from its center to a given radial position. The depth of removal was investigated for circular and oval contact patches and a variety of removal functions. A constant removal depth is desired to minimize the induced figure error. Predicted results were compared to experimental measurements of induced figure error.
Brain state expression and transitions are related to complex executive cognition in normative neurodevelopment.

Abstract Adolescence is marked by rapid development of executive function. Mounting evidence suggests that executive function in adults may be driven by dynamic control of neurophysiological processes. Yet, how these dynamics evolve over adolescence and contribute to cognitive development is unknown. In a sample of 780 youth aged 8–22 yr (42.7% male) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort, we use a dynamic graph approach to extract activation states in BOLD fMRI data from 264 brain regions. We construct a graph in which each observation in time is a node and the similarity in brain states at two different times is an edge. Using this graphical approach, we identify two primary brain states reminiscent of intrinsic and task-evoked systems. We show that time spent in these two states is higher in older adolescents, as is the flexibility with which the brain switches between them. Increasing time spent in primary states and flexibility among states relates to increases in a complex executive accuracy factor score over adolescence. Flexibility is more positively associated with accuracy toward early adulthood. These findings suggest that brain state dynamics are associated with complex executive function across a critical period of adolescence.
Weaving Together a Global Civilization that Nurtures Justice and Peace: A Vision for Muslim Educators at Indonesia’s UIN Institutions

This paper links the religious pluralism of Pancasila, Indonesia’s political ideology, with numerous ancient and contemporary worldviews, including Erwin Lazlo’s Systems View of the World, the “Functionalism” of Paul Davies and Richard Feynman, both theoretical physicists, and Aristotle. It gives extensive descriptions of Aristotle’s virtues: self-control, courage, even-temperedness, wise ambition, appropriate pride, a sense of humor, self-knowledge, sociability, justice, moderation in wealth, good judgment about what sorts of laws will weave people together in positive ways, including how to distribute social goods, how to punish law-breakers, and how to apply laws to specific cases within a context of the integration of nature and culture. It then explains how Confucius, Buddha, Muhammad and Jesus either exercised those virtues throughout their lives or held those with power accountable for using power to promote human well-being. It explains Aristotle’s model for childhood education as a process of habituation from childhood on that integrates the moral and intellectual virtues throughout life. The paper makes suggestions for how to use the stories of these great spiritual leaders to structure a comprehensive system of integrated education. The paper explains how this model is compatible with the United Nations’ Capabilities model for development. Using this model of integrated education, members of all the world’s religions and humanists of all types can work together toward world peace.
Stochastic Integrals and Stochastic Differential Equations

Roughly speaking, stochastic differential equations are differential equations driven by Gaussian white noise. Here, we are using the term “stochastic differential equations” in a restricted sense and not merely to denote differential equations with some probabilistic aspects. The importance of. stochastic differential equations is largely due to the fact that the solution of such an equation is a sample-continuous Markov process, and conversely, a large and important class of sample-continuous Markov processes can be modeled by the solutions of stochastic differential equations. From the point of view of applications, this is a direct benefit of using white noise as a noise model, and this fact accounts for its popularity. After all, white noise is, at best, a tolerable abstraction and is never a completely faithful representation of a physical noise source. Its raison d’etre is the simplicity of analysis that it brings about. We have seen this in connection with Kalman filtering, and we shall see it again in the Markovian nature of solutions to stochastic differential equations.
Detection of environmental estrogen by piezoresistive microcantilever sensor: a cutting-edge review

Anthropogenic contamination of water resources with micro-organic pollutants has become a heightened concern as many of these compounds have been shown to have estrogen-like action on organismal fu...
Predictors of Failed Transcystic Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration: Analysis of Multicenter Integrated Health System Database

Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to report our experience with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and validate the experts' opinion about anatomical predictors of failed...
Race, Bundled Payment Policy, and Discharge Destination After TKA: The Experience of an Urban Academic Hospital.

Background:Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides good clinical outcomes for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis; however, discharge destination after TKA has major implications on postoperat...
TESTING INFRASPINATUS AND DELTOID MUSCLES WITH NEW TECHNIQUE TO DECREASE DELTOID ACTIVITY DURING TESTING USING EMG ANALYSIS.

Background Muscle strength testing of an injured infraspinatus muscle (IM) is confounded by actions of synergistic muscles such as the posterior deltoid (PD). Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe a condition for testing of the IM that results in less EMG activity of the PD musculature. The researchers hypothesized that greater inhibition of the PD could be achieved through active adduction (AA), creating reciprocal inhibition of the PD. Study Design Prospective cohort descriptive study. Methods Thirty-four (19 females and 15 males) right-handed subjects between the ages of 22- 31 (mean 24.2 years + /- 6.2) with no previous history of shoulder surgery or pathology participated. Surface electrodes were placed over the muscle bellies of the IM and PD of the right shoulder along with a ground electrode over the C7 spinous process. EMG activity was recorded during resisted external rotation in four different testing conditions (seated active and passive adduction, and side-lying active and passive adduction). The order of test positions was randomly assigned, and each subject completed all four positions with appropriate rest. During AA conditions, subjects were asked to adduct the humerus against a sphygmomanometer (using 80% maximum force output) while maximal effort external rotation was manually resisted. Results PD activity was significantly less during AA than with no AA (p<0.05) in both test positions. No significant difference occurred between IM EMG activity in the various test conditions. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that clinicians can reduce activity of the PD without reducing activity of the IM by using AA of the humerus before applying manual resistance to test the IM during manual muscle testing. Levels of Evidence 1b.
The Influence of Omitted Variable Bias on the Causal Steps Regression Approach

The causal steps approach (Baron & Kenny, 1986) continues to be a popular method of mediation testing in social science research. One criticism of this method is that the presence of an omitted var...
Negative Affect and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: MESA.

Background Current literature examining the prospective relationship between depression and other measures of negative affect with atrial fibrillation (AF) are limited. We determined the relationsh...
Gamma — Gamma Directional Correlation Measurements in 124 Te

The levels of 124Te have recently been reinvestigated by Auer et al.1 ) and Meyer et al.2 ) from the decay of 124 Sb and by Ragaini et al.3 ) from the decay of 124I. The low excited states of 124Te exhibit a ‘vibrational’ pattern which could be expected for this nucleus (proton number 52 and neutron number differing by only 10 from the closed neutron shell). The measurements of Warner and Draper4) show, however, that the 4+ level at 1249 keV could also be considered as a member of the ground state quasi — rotational band. The 723 keV transition proceeds between the first and the second excited 2+ levels which would correspond to one and two phonon excitation respectively in the vibrational picture. The results of the measurements of the mixing ratio, δ723, for this transition are conflicting. From our previous measurements6) of β-γ directional correlation in the decay of 124 Sb we were able to calculate the mixing ratio of the 723 keV gamma transition. This measurement gave — 2.8 ≤δ723 ≤ −1.0. The β-γ directional correlation measurement by Paul7) was not precise enough to distinguish between δ723 — values in the region −5.0 ≤δ723 ≤ −0.7. There is a mistake in the interpretation of the 1368γ — (723γ) — 603γ directional correlation result obtained by Lindquist and Marklund8). Their experimental value, A22 = −0.027 ± 0.008, measured for this cascade gives 0.45 ≤ ∣δ723 ∣ ≤ 0.70 and not ∣δ∣ ≈ 1, as stated in their paper. The above mentioned results are less precise than the value δ723 = −4.1 ± 0.6 obtained by Glaubman and Oberholtzer9) from the β-γ-γ directional correlation measurement. The γ-γ measurements by Dorikens-Vanpraet et al.10) performed with scintillation detectors involve large corrections due to unresolved cascades. They favour δ723 ≈ −2,4.
Ki67 as a prognostic biomarker for patients with vertical growth phase (VGP) melanomas

9043 Background: In VGP melanomas proliferation is reflected in dermal mitotic figures (“mitogenic” VGP) and/or tumor cell nests larger than any epidermal nest. An alternative to mitotic rate (MR) ...
Small Investment, Big Impact: How a Simple Strategy Can Positively Affect Individualized Plans for Bereaved Families

Purpose: Literature supports that bereavement follow-up phone calls made by clinicians from a child’s care team to the family within the first 3 weeks after a child’s death result in an increase in feelings of support and a decrease in feelings of abandonment. While the pediatric palliative care (PPC) team has an established bereavement follow-up program through mailings and a yearly parent bereavement group, in the retrospective analysis of one month the rate was only 38% for completed follow-up calls. Aim: Increase the number …
Identification of circulating tumor cells using 4-color fluorescence in situ hybridization: Validation of a noninvasive aid for ruling out lung cancer in patients with low-dose computed tomography-detected lung nodules.

Background Approximately one third of needle biopsies that are performed to rule out malignancy of indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected radiologically during lung cancer screening are negative, thus exposing cancer-free patients to risks of pneumothorax, bleeding, and infection. A noninvasive confirmatory tool (eg, liquid biopsy) is urgently needed in the lung cancer diagnosis setting to stratify patients who should receive biopsy versus those who should be monitored. Methods A novel antigen-independent, 4-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based method was developed to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with abnormalities in gene copy numbers in mononuclear cell-enriched peripheral blood samples from patients with (n = 107) and without (n = 100) lung cancer. Results Identification of CTCs using FISH probes at 10q22.3/CEP10 and 3p22.1/3q29 detected lung cancer cases with 94.2% accuracy, 89% sensitivity, and 100% specificity compared with biopsy. Conclusion The high accuracy of this liquid biopsy method suggests that it may be used as a noninvasive decision tool to reduce the frequency of unnecessary needle biopsy in patients with benign pulmonary lesions.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate E to Attenuate Bacteria Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Organ Damage

Chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) is a sulfated polysaccharide that contains repeating disaccharides of 4,6-disulfated N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid residues. Here, we report the enzymatic synthesis of three homogeneous CS-E oligosaccharides, including CS-E heptasaccharide (CS-E 7-mer), CS-E tridecasaccharide (CS-E13-mer), and CS-E nonadecasaccharide (CS-E 19-mer). The anti-inflammatory effect of CS-E 19-mer was investigated in this study. CS-E 19-mer neutralizes the cytotoxic effect of histones in a cell-based assay and in mice. We also demonstrate that CS-E 19-mer treatment improves survival and protects against organ damage in a mouse model of endotoxemia induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CS-E19-mer directly interacts with circulating histones in the plasma from LPS-challenged mice. CS-E 19-mer does not display anticoagulant activity nor react with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies isolated from patients. The successful synthesis of CS-E oligosaccharides provides structurally defined carbohydrates for advancing CS-E research and offers a potential therapeutic agent to treat life-threatening systemic inflammation.
Detection of subgenome bias using an anchored syntenic approach in Eleusine coracana (finger millet)

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana 2n = 4x = 36) is a hardy, nutraceutical, climate change tolerant, orphan crop that is consumed throughout eastern Africa and India. Its genome has been sequenced multiple times, but A and B subgenomes could not be separated because no published genome for E. indica existed. The classification of A and B subgenomes is important for understanding the evolution of this crop and provide a means to improve current and future breeding programs. We produced subgenome calls for 704 syntenic blocks and inferred A or B subgenomic identity for 59,377 genes 81% of the annotated genes. Phylogenetic analysis of a super matrix containing 455 genes shows high support for A and B divergence within the Eleusine genus. Synonymous substitution rates between A and B genes support A and B calls. The repetitive content on highly supported B contigs is higher than that on similar A contigs. Analysis of syntenic singletons showed evidence of biased fractionation showed a pattern of A genome dominance, with 61% A, 37% B and 1% unassigned, and was further supported by the pattern of loss observed among cyto-nuclear interacting genes. The evidence of individual gene calls within each syntenic block, provides a powerful tool for inference for subgenome classification. Our results show the utility of a draft genome in resolving A and B subgenomes calls, primarily it allows for the proper polarization of A and B syntenic blocks. There have been multiple calls for the use of phylogenetic inference in subgenome classification, our use of synteny is a practical application in a system that has only one parental genome available.
Did Gainful Employment Regulations Result in College and Program Closures

For decades, the federal government has expected vocationally-focused programs in higher education, especially among for-profit colleges, to lead to gainful employment in a profession. In the mid-2...
Progress Through Regression: The Life Story of the Empirical Cobb-Douglas Production Function

Why read scientific biography? One answer is that, just as we learn from others in life, we can learn about life from biography. And in a scientific biography, one can learn about leading a good li...
Identifying developmental profiles for children in Early Head Start: Associations with early risk and protective factors

Abstract Person-centered approaches can help researchers, clinicians, and educators learn about a child's functioning and provide tailored interventions specific to the child's strengths and vulnerabilities. However, research has often focused on school-age children in low-risk samples. This study utilized a series of latent profile analyses to identify different profiles of 521 toddlers in Early Head Start across behavioral and language domains. The study then examined individual, family, and socioeconomic predictors of profile. Data were drawn from the Early Head Start Family and Child Experiences Study, a nationally-representative, prospective, longitudinal study of children assessed at ages 1, 2, and 3. The latent profile analyses suggested four distinct profiles of development at age 3: children who were well-adjusted, children with parent-reported behavior problems, children with staff-reported behavior problems, and children with multiple difficulties. Among the patterns of risk and protective factors, those in the profile with multiple difficulties were most likely to have missed early developmental milestones at age 1. Those in the parent-reported behavior problems profile experienced less supportive and more negative parenting, and had caregivers with higher levels of depressive symptoms than those who were well-adjusted. Those in the staff-reported behavior problems profile were more likely to be male as well as have higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms. Overall, findings suggest unique patterns of risk factors for each profile, suggesting that interventions tailored to the precise needs of the family may be beneficial.
Race to the bottom: Darwinian competition in early intestinal tumorigenesis.

Mutant oncogenes could enable clonal dominance by cell-intrinsic means or by suppressing nearby wild-type stem cells. Reporting recently in Nature, three groups demonstrate potent neighborhood effects, both within intestinal crypts (Flanagan et al., 2021; van Neerven et al., 2021) and across crypts through intermediary sub-epithelial trophocytes (Yum et al., 2021).
Elusive Lives: Gender, Autobiography and the Self in Muslim South Asia

A long history of narrating life exists in Muslim societies, in particular the telling of exemplary lives whether they be of Prophet Muhammad or revered Sufi teachers. Yet finding lives of Muslim w...
Preceptors' Influence on Athletic Training Students' Development of Excitement and Commitment to the Field of Athletic Training.

Context: Athletic training students (ATS) who are excited about their chosen profession are likely to persist to graduation. Preceptors exert significant influence on ATS; however, little is known ...
Benefits and Harms to Organ Donors

Overby and colleagues (2015) effectively outline many ethical concerns surrounding the consent process preceding organ donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) (Overby et al. 2015)....
UNIVERSITY ASSISTANCE IN BUILDING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA -A CASE ANALYSIS

Providing a sustained flow of improved physical, Malayan Rubber Research Institute, which was origin- biological and social technology applicable to the ally established by the British. country or region is essential in the strategy of agri- cultural development. Building research institutions, ' If the conclusions of Welsch and Sprague are which have the capacity to supply this flow, has accepted, some important questions are unanswered. accounted for a large proportion of Land Grant Why have the massive infusions of advisory talent, University overseas technical assistance effort. Several foreign training, and technical equipment invested in papers and broad spectrum studies have attempted to the building of research institutions in Asia produced review the experience to date with a view to inducing so little? Why has it not been possible for the new more productive effort (5, 6, 10 . We shall (a) identi- and expanded institutions to productively "go it fy the main issues relating to required features of alone" and perform creditably after a periodof over a effective research institutions, (b) examine the his- dozen years of continuous technical assistance, train- tory of American reasearch institutions for insight ing and capital infusion? into the bases of effectiveness, (c) inventory institu- tion-building attempts in Asian situations with regard The success of the foundation financed Inter- to presence of these bases of effectiveness and (d) national Rice Research Institute and similar institu- evaluate and interpret alternative policies of foreign tions provides the temptation to treat them as assistance to build effective research programs in agri- models, and to treat as explanations of the limited culture. Primary attention is focused upon one success. of other research institutions any departures organizational aspect which appears to be both limita- from the general model provided by these institu- tional and neglected - the engineering of dependable tions. Welsch and Sprague, understandably, imply responsiveness of the institutions to the problems of that part of the explanation is to be found in the their respective regions.