cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Approach to Human Monitoring

Our laboratory devotes much effort to the documentation of human effects from exposure to xenobiotics. In general, the approach we use follows the barrier systems concept (Garry et al., in press), which simply states that for a xenobiotic to exert a toxic effect, it must bypass or alter protective physiologic mechanisms present in the affected species. To test this hypothesis, we integrate clinical observations of human effects with in vivo and in vitro test system information. To provide an example of the various levels and patterns of integration we have utilized, we will review some of our recent findings dealing with ethylene oxide (EO) and formaldehyde.
Solving Elliptic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations in a Value Space

In this letter, we study the numerical solutions of a class of elliptic type of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations, which arise from stochastic control and multiplayer stochastic game problems with random terminal time. Two closely related algorithms are proposed. One of them is to use value iteration on approximating Markov decision processes, and the other is to use a deep-learning approach solving Bellman equations. The convergence is shown by using a viscosity solution approach.
Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures.

Abstract Background Open pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality. Methods A query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications. Results A total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality. Conclusion We report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population. Level of Evidence Level II, Retrospective study.
Recognition in Afghanistan (1878–1884)

Chapter 3, “Recognition in Afghanistan (1878–1884),” examines the Second Anglo-Afghan War, 1879–1880, the development of White’s relationship with his newly found benefactor, Frederick Roberts, and his actions at the battles at Charasiab and Kandahar which garnered him the Victoria Cross. It explores Anglo-Russian tensions in Central Asia (the Great Game), the challenges of transport and climate in one of Britain’s “small wars,” and, chiefly, the war in Afghanistan and White’s part in it.
An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure

The Lewis-Clark Coalition for Families and Youth evolved from the “Making the Grade” town summit meeting held in Lewiston, Idaho, November 3, 1989. The goals of this meeting were: 1) To explore the current dimensions of at-risk youth problems in our community, assess the effectiveness of current programs, and identify possible new, broad-based efforts to meet the needs of all youth in the community; 2) To provide an opportunity for committed people to explore new program ideas and improve communication networks to meet the needs of at-risk youth more effectively; and 3) To encourage all members of our community to make or renew a commitment to do everything they can to help solve the problems confronting young people.
Investment Behavior: Factors that Impact African American Women’s Investment Behavior:

The wealth of African Americans has lagged behind that of the general US population. The key to understanding this may lie in African American women’s money management abilities and feelings relati...
Factors driving California pocket mice (Chaetodipus californicus) population dynamics

Understanding how demographic parameters respond to climatic variables is essential for predicting species' response to changing environmental conditions. The California pocket mouse (Chaetodipus californicus) is an inhabitant of coastal-central California oak (Quercus spp.) woodland that is undergoing a rapid anthropogenic transformation while also facing effects of global climate change. We analyzed the population dynamics of the California pocket mouse by applying Pradel's temporal symmetry model to a 10-year (2004 – 2013) capture–mark–recapture data set to estimate survival and recruitment rates and realized population growth rate. The overall monthly apparent survival probability (ϕ) was 0.76 ± 0.01 SE and was slightly higher in the dry season (0.79 ± 0.02 SE) than the wet season (0.74 ± 0.01 SE). Coefficients of variation (CV) of temperature and rainfall (with and without a one-season lag), average seasonal temperature, and regional climatic variation (El Nino index) positively influenced ϕ. Overall monthly recruitment rate (f) was 0.17 ± 0.01 SE but varied seasonally; f was substantially higher during the dry season (0.39 ± 0.04 SE) than the wet season (0.09 ± 0.02 SE). Average seasonal temperature, CV of temperature and rainfall (without a one-season lag), and total seasonal rainfall (with a one-season lag) positively influenced recruitment, whereas regional climatic variation (El Nino index), total seasonal rainfall (without a one-season lag), and CV of rainfall (with a one-season lag) had a negative effect on f. Monthly realized population growth rate (λ) was 1.00 ± 0.02 SE for the entire study period, but it varied temporally. Our study provides the first estimates of demographic parameters for the California pocket mouse and tests for the influence of climatic variables on these parameters. Although the California pocket mouse population remained relatively stable during our study (as indicated by λ = 1.00), changing climate and anthropogenic influences on California oak woodland could adversely influence demographic parameters and population dynamics and might also indicate effects of climate change on its ecologically sensitive habitat.
SlideGen: an abstractive section-based slide generator for scholarly documents

Presentation slides generated from research papers provide summary of the papers primarily to guide talks. Manually generating presentation slides is labor intensive. We propose a method to automatically generate slides for scientific articles based on a corpus of 5000 paper-slide pairs compiled from conference proceedings websites which is the largest dataset used for scholarly article summarization. We generate slides 1) extractively by selecting salient sentences from the paper and 2) abstractively by fine-tuning pre-trained language models to learn the language of slides. The results show the superiority of the extractive models in terms of ROUGE scores. However, abstractive summaries are less verbose and follow the language of the slides by generating phrases rather than full sentences.
Small, Local Governments and Their Management of Hydraulic Fracturing

Small, local governments are often considered “low capacity” when it comes to environmental management. This article examines how local government officials in 26 municipalities in Pennsylvania have managed high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF or “fracking”). The data show that the perception of the “problems” related to HVHF and perceived resident expectations for if and how local governments should respond to these problems vary by municipality with clear differences between municipalities with zoning and those without zoning. With the exception of one municipality with the unique circumstance of having both active natural gas and coal extraction occurring, all municipalities believed they had adequate capacity to manage the problems associated with HVHF. This result shows the importance of local responses to local problems and calls into question whether capacity-building efforts are necessary in low capacity municipalities.
Methoden und Durchführung

Zunachst werden die Fragestellung und die Hypothesen vorgestellt, woran sich eine Beschreibung des Untersuchungsplans und der untersuchten Stichprobe anschliest. Im Folgenden werden die Erhebungsinstrumente dargestellt. Zum Abschluss dieses Kapitels folgt eine Erlauterung der statistischen Methoden, die bei der Auswertung der gewonnenen Daten zum Einsatz gekommen sind.
The invisible teenager: Comic book materiality and the amateur films of Don Glut

Don Glut, between the ages of 9 and 25, made 41 short amateur films inspired by horror, science fiction, and superhero movies, serials, and comic books. The tactile qualities of comic books as affect-generating objects are instrumental to how Glut confirmed his identity during a time (adolescence) in which that identity is particularly unstable. Glut used the popular figure of the teen rebel and his role as a filmmaker in order to negotiate with hegemonic restrictions on his objects of affection, especially comic books.
Competing Interactions in Metallic Superlattices

Metallic superlattices provide an excellent system to study in a controlled manner a variety of physical phenomena, including superconductivity, magnetism, and electrical transport properties. As will be discussed in this paper, changes in certain of these properties as a function of superlattice modulation wavelength A are found to be correlated with structural changes and elastic property anomalies. The properties of two particular metallic superlattices, Cu/Nb and Mo/Ta, will be discussed in this paper, as examples of how competing interactions manifest themselves in the physical properties of these superlattices.
The Cytoplasmic Domain of Human FcγRIa Alters the Functional Properties of the FcγRI·γ-Chain Receptor Complex

The γ/ζ-chain family of proteins mediate cell activation for multiple immunoglobulin receptors. However, the recognition that these receptors may have distinct biologic functions suggests that additional signaling elements may contribute to functional diversity. We hypothesized that the cytoplasmic domain (CY) of the ligand binding α-chain alters the biological properties of the receptor complex. Using macrophage FcγRIa as a model system, we created stable transfectants expressing a full-length or a CY deletion mutant of human FcγRIa. Both receptors functionally associate with the endogenous murine γ-chain. However, we have established that the CY of FcγRIa directly contributes to the functional properties of the receptor complex. Deletion of the FcγRIa CY leads to slower kinetics of receptor-specific phagocytosis and endocytosis as well as lower total phagocytosis despite identical levels of receptor expression. Deletion of the CY also converts the phenotype of calcium independent FcγRIa-specific phagocytosis to a calcium-dependent phenotype. Finally, deletion of the CY abrogates FcγRIa-specific secretion of interleukin-6 but does not affect production of interleukin-1β. These results demonstrate a functional role for the CY of FcγRIa and provide a general model for understanding how multiple receptors that utilize the γ-chain can generate diversity in function.
Beef heart malic dehydrogenases. VII. Reactivity of sulfhydryl groups and conformation of the supernatant enzyme.

Abstract Only 3 of the 6 sulfhydryl groups of native bovine heart supernatant malate dehydrogenase (S-MDH) react with p-mercuribenzoate (PMB) with no loss of enzymatic activity. In addition, prolonged incubation of S-MDH in 2.6 m urea solutions does not significantly alter the catalytic properties of the enzyme. In 2.6 m urea, however, all 6 sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme react with PMB, with attendant losses in catalytic activity. Under these conditions the rate of inactivation, although considerably slower than the rate of mercaptide formation, closely parallels the rate of change in the optical rotatory dispersion properties of the enzyme. Native S-MDH exhibits an optical rotatory dispersion curve with a distinct shoulder in the 280 to 290 mµ spectral region and a trough at 233 mµ. Changes in these properties and other optical rotatory dispersion parameters were used to index conformational changes of S-MDH accompanying the various treatments. Native S-MDH and fully active S-MDH · (PMB)3 exhibit identical optical rotatory dispersion curves. S-MDH in 2.6 m urea also exhibits an optical rotatory dispersion curve similar to that of the native enzyme. S-MDH · (PMB)3 and S-MDH · (PMB)6 in 2.6 m urea, however, have significantly different optical rotatory dispersion properties, including a disappearance of the 280 mµ shoulder, decreases in [m']233 values, and large decreases in -b0, a0, and λc values. Since the rate of change in these optical rotatory dispersion properties closely parallelled the rate of loss of catalytic activity but not the rate of mercaptide formation, the results were interpreted as indicating that the loss in activity is related to the changes in protein conformation rather than to the actual blocking of sulfhydryl groups.
Mentoring: An Approach to Technology Education for Teachers

One approach to providing the inservice education and continuing school-based support needed by teachers to use computers effectively is mentoring. The Computer Mentor Program, a collaborative effort between a university and school district, developed and evaluated a model for staff development on the effective use of computers based on successful mentoring models for beginning teachers. Experienced computer-using teachers participated in a semester course that provided guidance in mentoring and information on technology applications. These teachers then each mentored one to five teachers in their schools. The mentoring relationship was structured through the use of individual plans developed between each mentor and protege. Over three years, the project included 59 mentors and 154 proteges. Evaluation indicated that both mentors and proteges developed increased knowledge of computer applications and that proteges made more extensive and varied use of computers both with students and for professio...
Solar particle composition, spectra, and frequency of occurrence

The radiation background from solar‐particle events can assume different forms as the energy and composition of the particles changes from event to event. It has recently become clear that different particle composition and spectra arise from different classes of events at the sun and we have learned how to associate the properties of the particles with the radio, X‐ray and optical observations of the parent flares or with the related interplanetary shock.
Bovine CD8+ suppressor lymphocytes alter immune responsiveness during the postpartum period.

This study examined the immunoregulatory role of CD8+ lymphocytes during the postpartum period. Peripheral blood cells were isolated from postpartum and mid to late lactating animals. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the frequencies of relevant cell populations. Depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes from whole cultures significantly decreased proliferation and cytotoxic ability of cells isolated from mid to late lactating animals. Enrichment of whole cultures with CD8+ lymphocytes further decreased their proliferative ability but pure CD8+ lymphocyte had increased cytotoxic activity. In contrast, neither depletion nor enrichment of whole cultures with CD8+ lymphocytes altered the already diminished proliferative responses of cells isolated from postpartum cows. No cytotoxic activity was observed by cells isolated from postpartum animals. Cultures from mid to late lactating cows mainly expressed IFN-γ mRNA where as IL-4 mRNA was mainly expressed by cultures isolated from postpartum animals. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CD8+ lymphocytes have a high level of activation and expression of the β-chain during the postpartum compared with the mid to late lactating period. These data indicate that CD8+ lymphocytes are of the suppressor compared to the cytotoxic nature immediately following parturition.
Proper fibrations with Hilbert cube manifold fibers

Abstract The main result of this paper asserts that any proper fibration over a finite-dimensional ANR with Hilbert cube manifold fibers is a locally trivial bundle.
On the broadening of low dimension van Hove singularities in oxide superconductors

It is pointed out that the transverse couplings and, accessorily, the longitudinal scattering by doping and phonons broaden enough the 2d van Hove singularities of CuO 2 planes to prevent their spontaneous Jahn Teller splitting. The tetragonal-orthorhombic phase changes observed in La 22−x Sr x CuO 4−y and YBA 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ have then different origins and nature. In good crystals, this broadening is not sufficient to destroy the antiferromagnetic of superconductive instabilities, contrary to the scattering by vacancies along the 1d CuO chains in understoechiometric YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ . A previous analysis of superconductivity, starting from quasilowdimensionality and weak coupling, is revised to take this broadening into account Les couplages transverses et, accessoirement, la diffusion longitudinale due aux impuretes et aux phonons elargissent suffisamment les singularites de van Hove de plans CuO 2 pour empecher leur decomposition Jahn-Teller spontanee. Les transformations de phase quadratique-orthombique auraient donc des origines et des natures differentes dans La 2−x Sr x CuO 4−y et YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ . Cet elargissement n'est pas suffisant pour detruire les instabilites antiferromagnetique ou supraconductrice, contrairement a la diffusion par les lacunes le long des chaines 1dCuO dans YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ sous-stoechiometriques. Correction d'une analyse precedente de la supraconductivite a partir de la quasi basse dimensionalite et d'un couplage faible pour tenir compte de cet elargissement
Analytical Solutions for Water Flow and Solute Transport in the Unsaturated Zone

Analytical solutions for the water flow and solute transport equations in the unsaturated zone are presented. We use the Broadbridge and White nonlinear model to solve the Richards’ equation for vertical flow under a constant infiltration rate. Then we extend the water flow solution and develop an exact parametric solution for the advection-dispersion equation. The method of characteristics is adopted to determine the location of a solute front in the unsaturated zone. The dispersion component is incorporated into the final solution using a singular perturbation method. The formulation of the analytical solutions is simple, and a complete solution is generated without resorting to computationally demanding numerical schemes. Indeed, the simple analytical solutions can be used as tools to verify the accuracy of numerical models of water flow and solute transport. Comparison with a finite-element numerical solution indicates that a good match for the predicted water content is achieved when the mesh grid is one-fourth the capillary length scale of the porous medium. However, when numerically solving the solute transport equation at this level of discretization, numerical dispersion and spatial oscillations were significant.
Multidimensional Modelling of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells under a Current Density Boundary Condition

A three-dimensional numerical model of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is applied to study current distribution and cell performance under a current density boundary condition. Since the electronic resistance in the along-channel direction in the current collector plate is much larger than in the other two directions, i.e., 50 mΩ cm2vs. 0.5 mΩ cm2, it significantly affects current flow, and current and cell voltage distributions in a PEFC. An identical polarization curve results with two different boundary conditions, constant cell voltage and constant current density, however, the current density profiles in the along-channel direction differ significantly; it is much flatter for the constant current boundary condition. Increasing the electronic conductivity of the bipolar plate diminishes the difference in the current density distribution under the two boundary conditions. The results also point out that an experimental validation of a PEFC model based on the polarization curve alone is insufficient, and that detailed current density distribution data in the along-channel direction is essential.
Novel Polyglutamine Model Uncouples Proteotoxicity from Aging

Polyglutamine expansions in certain proteins are the genetic determinants for nine distinct progressive neurodegenerative disorders and resultant age-related dementia. In these cases, neurodegeneration is due to the aggregation propensity and resultant toxic properties of the polyglutamine-containing proteins. We are interested in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of toxicity of the protein ataxin-3, in which a polyglutamine expansion is the genetic determinant for Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD), also referred to as spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3). To this end, we have developed a novel model for ataxin-3 protein aggregation, by expressing a disease-related polyglutamine-containing fragment of ataxin-3 in the genetically tractable body wall muscle cells of the model system C. elegans. Here, we demonstrate that this ataxin-3 fragment aggregates in a polyQ length-dependent manner in C. elegans muscle cells and that this aggregation is associated with cellular dysfunction. However, surprisingly, this aggregation and resultant toxicity was not influenced by aging. This is in contrast to polyglutamine peptides alone whose aggregation/toxicity is highly dependent on age. Thus, the data presented here not only describe a new polyglutamine model, but also suggest that protein context likely influences the cellular interactions of the polyglutamine-containing protein and thereby modulates its toxic properties.
HELMINTH PARASITES IN SNOWSHOE HARES FROM NORTHERN MICHIGAN

The incidence of helminth parasites in snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) was studied in 1957–1962 in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Seventy-five hares were examined for the presence of all helminths, 210 only for certain parasites. Adult tapeworms were present in 5 of 75 (6.7%) hares examined, cysticerci of Taenia pisiformis in 88 of 210 (41.9%), and coenuri of Multiceps sp. in 15 of 179 (8.4%). Nine genera of nematodes were found. Obeliscoides cuniculi occurred most frequently, Nematodirus sp. least frequently. Protostrongylus sp. and Obeliscoides cuniculi appeared to produce pathogenic effects, and Multiceps sp. and Dirofilaria scapiceps may have impaired movement of some hares.
The Cultural Construction of State Sponsored Religion: Race, Politics, and State Implementation of the Faith-Based Initiative

First introduced at the federal level in 1996, the faith-based initiative was intended to increase the role of faith-based organizations (FBOs) in the provision of social services. While it is unclear whether that has occurred—or whether it is even desirable—the initiative has had other unpredicted effects. Most research on the initiative has focused on legal issues regarding the blurring of the church-state boundary. Little research has focused on how other aspects of faith based polices and practices reframe and reshape the church-state relationship. In my study of the faith-based initiative at the state level, two ways emerged through which attempts to create new allies for the initiative in the mack religious community blurs the boundary between church and state. First, many states offered government-funded faith based conferences that relied on cultural cues used in black religious ceremonies,1 creating a cultural blurring of the line separating church and state. Second, nearly half of the states that created faith-based liaison (FBL) positions had appointed African-Americans to the positions. These state-sponsored positions were meant to reach out to religious groups and make a permanent and institutionalized link between religious groups and state government. Both of these activities additionally had a clear goal of aligning segments of the black religious population with the faith-based initiative. I argue that these aspects of the initiative represent a multi-layered attempt to create new political allies for faith-based policies within the black religious community; the
"Significant" diastolic hypertension in pre-high school black and white children. The children and adolescent blood pressure program.

The Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children defines "significant" hypertension as blood pressure persistently above the 95th percentile for age-sex specific distribution. In this report we present preliminary data on the prevalence of significant diastolic hypertension in pre-high school black and white children after repeated blood pressure measurements. Blood pressure was measured in 10,446 children two times at an initial screening in school and remeasured two times at a rescreening in 2,808 children from the upper 30 percentiles of the initial screening distribution. Significant hypertension was found in 653 children (6.3%) after the first screening measurement and in 475 children (4.5%) after averaging the first two screening measurements. At the rescreening, the prevalence of significant hypertension was further reduced in this cohort to 1% after one measurement and to 0.8% after averaging the two measurements. The prevalence of significant systolic hypertension had fallen to 0.47% after averaging the two rescreening measurements. These data suggest that the prevalence of significant hypertension is very low in pre-high school children.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the supraependymal macrophages in the lateral ventricles of the toad brain

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the lateral ventricles of the toad brain revealed the presence of supraependymal cells that have the features of macrophages. Based solely on their surface morphology three different cell forms could be identified. The most frequently observed cells are flat and multipolar, and have a smooth or ruffled surface. The second type is spherical with a ruffled surface and occurs either singly, in which case it lacks processes, or in clusters from which processes radiate. The third type has surface blebs and numerous thin, smooth processes. However, when specimens that had been examined in the scanning electron microscope are viewed in the transmission electron microscope, all cells appear to belong to a single cell type. All cells viewed closely resemble macrophages in that they contain nuclei with clumped chromaffin, single cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous dense bodies, and many Golgi complexes. In addition, when horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was perfused into the ventricles, reaction product was found a short time thereafter within cytoplasmic vacuoles, and after a longer period within dense bodies. Because of their ultrastructural resemblance to macrophages and their capacity to ingest HRP, we suggest that these cells function as phagocytes and, as such, act to remove foreign materials from the cerebrospinal fluid.
Determination of A.R.L. and a Contour Nomogram for Cusum Charts to Control Normal Mean

The Average Run Length of a Cusum chart for controlling a normal mean is calculated by solving the systems of linear equations which approximate the integral equations for the required quantities. The accuracy of approximation by this method is numerically evaluated and the results are compared with those obtained by other approximate methods. The construction and use of a new nomogram based on the contours of Average Run Lengths La . and Lr drawn in the h√n/σ—|μ – k|√n/σ plane is discussed. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the flexibility and convenience provided by this nomogram in the design of Cusum charts.
Applications of Bruhat decompositions to complex hyperbolic geometry

The double coset space AΛ (n, ℂ) / U (n − 1, 1) is studied, where A consists of the diagonal matrices in GL (n, ℂ). This space naturally arises in the harmonic analysis on the hermitian symmetric space GL (n, ℂ) / U (n − 1, 1). It is shown here that these double cosets also represent a class of basic invariants related to complex hyperbolic geometry. An algebraic parametrization for the double cosets is given and it is shown how this may be used to conveniently compute the geometric invariants.
Incorporation of label from radioactive uridine into the stylar nucleic acids of Lilium longiflorum thunb. as affected by heat, 6-methylpurine and actinomycin D.

5-3H-uridine injected into the stylar canal of detached lily stigma-styles was taken up initially into the rapidly-labeled-RNA of the nucleic acid profile of a methylated albumin kieselguhr (MAK) column but with increasing time was found in all portions of the RNA profile, but not in the DNA. Heat treatment of the style before injection of 5-3H-uridine greatly reduced the rate of incorporation of label into and the ultimate amount of label found in the RNA species of the lily style. Translocation of 5-3H-uridine through the ovary into heattreated pistils and the injection of 5-3H-uridine into styles which had been incubated for 1 or 2 days after heat treatment resulted in stylar nucleic acids more highly labeled than nucleic acids in control styles, with an incorporation pattern different than control styles. Heat treatment of lily pistils resulted in detectable changes in the proportion of stylar RNA species as separated on MAK columns and measured as absorbance units. Actinomycin D and 6-methylpurine treated styles incorporated label from a stylar injection of radioactive uridine in patterns different than each other, different than heat-treated styles and different than non-treated styles. 6-methylpurine and heat treatment of styles only slightly reduced the rate at which 5-3H-uridine was removed from the stylar canal into the stylar tissue.
Substrates of oxidative metabolism in dipteran flight muscle.

Abstract 1. 1. A comparison has been made of the capacity of mitochondria from the flight muscles of different species of Diptera to oxidize pyruvate, α-glycerophosphate and proline. 2. 2. The species studied fall into three main groups distinguished on the basis of their ability to oxidize pyruvate and/or proline at rates commensurate with the requirements of flight metabolism. 3. 3. One group comprises species which do not feed on blood, or of which only the female is bloodsucking, and in this group only pyruvate is oxidized at the requisite rate. 4. 4. A second group includes species of which both sexes are facultative bloodsuckers and in this group both substrates support high rates of oxidation. 5. 5. The third group is constituted by two species of tsetse fly, in which both sexes are obligatory bloodsuckers, and in these proline constitutes the only effective substrate for flight metabolism. 6. 6. The results are consistent with the view that the capacity to oxidize proline by different species of Diptera may be seen as a metabolic adaptation to the bloodsucking mode of life.
Principled Leadership Development Model for Aspiring Social Work Managers and Administrators: Development and Application

There is an emerging trend in social work administration where many direct practice-oriented social work students get promoted after their graduation to supervisory or managerial positions, yet haven't mastered macro-level competencies during their social work education. This places these recent graduates in the untenable position of stepping into professional roles they didn't envision and might not be prepared for. This may inhibit their advancement in administrative hierarchies because they do not have the leadership/managerial qualifications that those from other professions have by virtue of their educational and practice experiences. The Principled Leadership Development Model addresses this gap by providing educators and administrators a generic template that can be used to create customized leadership development initiatives for social workers in their professional careers. The six integrated components of the model are discussed. A case example of the application of the model in creating a leader...
Rationales and argument moves

We discuss five kinds of representations of rationales and provide a formal account of how they can alter disputation. The formal model of disputation is derived from recent work in argument. The five kinds of rationales are compilation rationales, which can be represented without assuming domain-knowledge (such as utilities) beyond that normally required for argument. The principal thesis is that such rationales can be analyzed in a framework of argument not too different from what AI already has. The result is a formal understanding of rationales, a partial taxonomy, and a foundation for computer programs that represent and reason with rationales. The five kinds of rationales are as follows: (c)ompression and (s)pecialization, which yield rules, and (d)isputation, which yields a decision. These are modeled as potentially changing the focus of the dispute. Then there are (f)it, a rationale for rules, and (r)esolution, a rationale for decisions. These cannot be modeled as simply; they force disputation to a meta-level, at least temporarily. The paper first discusses each kind of rationale in the abstract. Then it produces a model of dispute in which the simpler rationales can be analyzed. Formal examples are given. The model is augmented to allow analysis of the more difficult rationales. Examples are again given. The discussion is not intended to be strictly mathematical; rather, it aims to use formal methods to illuminate and provide framework for future interpretation and implementation.
A comparison of several tests for censored paired data

This paper reviews several tests for censored paired data and uses Monte Carlo methods to evaluate their sizes and powers. Each of the tests maintains its size. The Akritas test and the paired Prentice-Wilcoxon test are somewhat more powerful than the Gehan statistic or the generalized signed rank test for most of the distributions studied. If the survival times follow an exponential distribution, then the Gehan and the generalized signed rank tests are more powerful against a location shift alternative.
In vitro adherence of lymphocytes to dermal endothelium under shear stress: implications in pathobiology and steroid therapy of acute cutaneous GVHD

The extravasation of leukocytes at sites of inflammation critically depends on initial shear-resistant adhesive interactions between leukocytes in blood flow and target tissue endothelium. Dermal lymphocytic infiltrates are a hallmark feature of acute cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (acGVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (allo-HSC) transplantation. These infiltrates occur commonly during periods of profound lymphopenia, suggesting that the dermal endothelial adhesive mechanism(s) promoting lymphocyte emigration in acGVHD are highly efficient. To examine this issue, we performed Stamper-Woodruff assays on frozen sections of biopsy specimens of cutaneous lesions occurring within 100 days of HSC transplantation in 22 autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-HSCT) and 25 allo-HSCT recipients. By using this shear-based assay, we observed lymphocyte adherence to papillary dermal vascular structures in all punch biopsy specimens of allo-HSCT recipients who had clinicohistologic evidence of acGVHD and who were not receiving steroids, whereas no lymphocyte adherence was observed within skin specimens from allo-HSCT recipients who did not develop acGVHD. Within the group of auto-HSCT recipients, 2 of 22 skin biopsies demonstrated lymphocyte binding to dermal vessels. Among allo-HSCT patients receiving steroid therapy for acGVHD, lymphocyte binding to dermal endothelium was abrogated prior to resolution of rash in those who responded, yet binding was persistent in skin from one patient whose rash did not respond to steroid therapy. Collectively, these data indicate that the papillary endothelium of skin in acGVHD displays heightened capacity to support lymphocyte adhesion under shear stress conditions and suggest that down-modulation of this endothelial adhesive capability may be one mechanism by which steroids abrogate acGVHD reactions.
Sustainable Transit Mode Choices in Urban Areas: Psychological Insights on the Adoption and Selection Processes

In urban transportation studies transit mode choice is often expressed in terms of rational choice models; psychological case studies of transit mode adoption are comparatively rare. We present a progress report for ongoing research on the psychology of adoption for sustainable transit modes such as bicycles, car sharing, and mass transit. Case studies were conducted with current and former participants in PSU's 'Passport Plus' transit pass program, as well as a longitudinal cohort study of first-time winter bicycle commuters. Composite sequence analysis was used to construct a model of the adoption and selection processes for these transit modes. Preliminary findings suggest that transit mode adoption is cognitively distinct from transit mode selection and has different information requirements. We conclude that public and private organizations could improve the adoption rate for sustainable transit mode innovations such as Flexcar by tailoring their communication strategies to match the commuter's stage of adoption.
Dynamics of charge-density waves in orthorhombic TaS3.

The charge-density-wave (CDW) dynamics of orthorhombic ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$ is characterized by extensive measurements of ac conductivity, direct mixing, and harmonic mixing as functions of dc bias voltage, applied frequencies, and, in some cases, the amplitude of an additional ac signal. The frequency dependence of third harmonic generation at zero dc bias is also reported. A phenomenological model is proposed to describe the decoupling of ac and dc response observed in these experiments as an extension of the tunneling theory of CDW depinning. This tunneling model is shown to provide a complete and semiquantitative interpretation of the entire small-signal ac dynamics at megahertz frequencies, using only the measured dc I-V curve, and also accounts for most of the large-signal behavior studied thus far. The observation of both an induced ac harmonic mixing current and a third-harmonic generation current whose amplitudes peak at output frequencies far below the measured ``crossover frequency'' for ac conductivity agrees with the phenomenological tunneling model, but is in serious disagreement with the classical overdamped oscillator model of CDW motion. Furthermore, the absence of any observed quadrature component in the harmonic mixing response, even though the measured linear response at the applied frequencies has substantial frequency-dependent in-phase and quadrature components, may prove difficult to reconcile with any classical theory. The results reported here elaborate our previous findings, and provide additional evidence in favor of quantum tunneling as the mechanism of charge-density-wave depinning.
A universal building block for all pulse computing systems

Proposed in this paper is a universal building block for the implementation of all computing systems including various types of calculators, high speed largo size computers and generalized computing systems (Yii 1974). The word ‘ universal ’implies that the unique basic building blocks can be shared by both the arithmetic unit and the memory for a given system and utilized as the basic building blocks for the implementation of any conceivable computing system. It is essentially an electronic counterpart of a hypothetical mechanical gear with the number of teeth variable. From the circuit point of view, it is conceivable of being either a variable pulse train generator or a variable scalar with memory. The use of the magnetic core as a memory core is no longer restricted to be a bistable element. It is enabled to memorize a digit of an arbitrary radix by introducing a brand new circuit technique of partial switchings with alterable current biases. The interconnections between the basic blocks can be made e...
Diffusion of triblock copolymers in a spherical domain structure

Self-diffusion and tracer diffusion (diffusion in a fixed diblock copolymer matrix) of ABA triblock copolymers of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine (PVP-PS-PVP) have been measured in a spherically ordered domain structure and compared to that of diblock copolymers. In most of the cases, the self-diffusion and tracer diffusion of the triblock copolymer is controlled by a walking diffusion mechanism in which one PVP end block is activated at a time, giving rise to an exponential decrease in D/D 0 as exp(- X N PVP ), where D is the diffusion coefficient of the triblock copolymer, D 0 is the diffusion coefficient of the triblock copolymer in a (hypothetical) disordered phase, X is the interaction parameter, and N PVP is the number of segments in each PVP end block. The normalized diffusion coefficients of the triblock copolymers are not so different from those of diblock copolymers with the same X N PVP , Nevertheless, if one compares the diffusion of triblock and diblock copolymers with the same total molecular weight, the triblock copolymer diffuses much faster. However, when XN PVP < 6 and the spacing of the matrix domains is much larger than the natural domain spacing of the triblock copolymer domains, the normalized tracer diffusion coefficient D/D 0 decreases exponentially as exp(-2XN PVP ). In this case we propose that the diffusion occurs by both end blocks being activated at the same time, a mechanism we call double activation.
Definitional hegemony as a public relations strategy: The rhetoric of the nuclear power industry after three mile Island

(1988). Definitional hegemony as a public relations strategy: The rhetoric of the nuclear power industry after three mile Island. Central States Speech Journal: Vol. 39, Public Relations, pp. 134-145.
Correlation Between 3D Computational Prediction of Mechanical Function and Simulated Physical Weightbearing in the Cadaveric Lower Leg

The foot is an intricate three dimensional complex that requires insight into both superficial and deep structures to understand mechanical function. Palpation and clinical tests assist with superficial treatment while radiography is invaluable for interior features. Computational modeling has obtained the capacity to predict mechanical function of diarthrodial joints, with a recent model developed of the lower leg [1]. The aim of this work was to extend the predictive capabilities of the lower leg model to simulate stance weightbearing. Comparisons were made to measurements taken from weightbearing loads applied to the cadaveric limb.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Wind Energy Development and Wildlife Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract Wind energy development represents significant challenges and opportunities in contemporary wildlife management. Such challenges include the large size and extensive placement of turbines that may represent potential hazards to birds and bats. However, the associated infrastructure required to support an array of turbines—such as roads and transmission lines—represents an even larger potential threat to wildlife than the turbines themselves because such infrastructure can result in extensive habitat fragmentation and can provide avenues for invasion by exotic species. There are numerous conceptual research opportunities that pertain to issues such as identifying the best and worst placement of sites for turbines that will minimize impacts on birds and bats. Unfortunately, to date very little research of this type has appeared in the peer-reviewed scientific literature; much of it exists in the form of unpublished reports and other forms of gray literature. In this paper, we summarize what is know...
Postnatal Changes in Oxygen Transport of Term, Premature, and Sick Infants: The Role of Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Adult Hemoglobin

Extract: In view of previous studies which did not show a precise relation between the percentage fetal hemoglobin and the position of the oxygen hemoglobin equilibrium curve, this problem was reexamined taking into account both the concentration of fetal hemoglobin and the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) content of the cell. Forty-eight normal infants weighing 2500 g or more at birth were studied on days 1 and 5 of life and then at 3 and 6–9 weeks, and at 3–4, 5–6, and 8–11 months of age. Fifty-six ingfants ranging in birth weight from 900 to 2420 g were studied during the first 8 days of life and then at 2− to 3-week intervals until approximately 16 weeks of life. Twelve premature infants who were ill with the respiratory distress syndrome were also studied. Laboratory procedures consisted of measurement of total hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, red cell 2,3-DPG, and oxygen equilibrium curves. The “functioning DPG fraction” in millimicromoles per milliliter red blood cells (RBC) was obtained by multiplication of the total red cell DPG content (millimicromoles per milliliter RBC) by the percentage of adult hemoglobin. These studies confirm previous observations that the term infant begins life with blood that has an increased affinity for oxygen. During the first few months of life the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve gradually shifts to the right and between 4 and 6 months of age becomes similar to that observed in the normal adult. The change in P60 in these infants correlated neither with the change in red cell DPG content alone nor with the decline in fetal hemoglobin alone. Instead, the progressive decrease in oxygen affinity during the first 6 months of life correlated significantly (r = 0.876, P < 0.001) with the functioning DPG fraction. The term “functioning DPG fraction” is suggested to reflect the fact that both the DPG concentration and the adult hemoglobin concentration within the cell, with which the DPG interacts, are necessary factors in determining the position of the oxygen equilibrium curve. Infants with respiratory distress appear to have P50 s that are lower than those of healthy infants of similar gestational age and birth weight. This appears to be primarily a result of a decrease in red cell DPG concentration. It is this type of infant who may benefit from exchange transfusion with fresh adult blood.