cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integration of screening, assessment, and treatment for cannabis and other drug use disorders in primary care: An evaluation in three pilot sites

Abstract Background This pilot study evaluated whether use of evidence-based implementation strategies to integrate care for cannabis and other drug use into primary care (PC) as part of Behavioral Health Integration (BHI) increased diagnosis and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods Patients who visited the three pilot PC sites were eligible. Implementation strategies included practice coaching, electronic health record decision support, and performance feedback (3/2015-4/2016). BHI introduced annual screening for past-year cannabis and other drug use, a Symptom Checklist for DSM-5 SUDs, and shared decision-making about treatment options. Main analyses tested whether the proportions of PC patients diagnosed with, and treated for, new cannabis or other drug use disorders (CUDs and DUDs, respectively), differed significantly pre- and post-implementation. Results Of 39,599 eligible patients, 57% and 59% were screened for cannabis and other drug use, respectively. Among PC patients reporting daily cannabis use (2%) or any drug use (1%), 51% and 37%, respectively, completed an SUD Symptom Checklist. The proportion of PC patients with newly diagnosed CUD increased significantly post-implementation (5 v 17 per 10,000 patients, p Conclusions A pilot implementation of BHI to increase routine screening and assessment for SUDs was associated with increased new CUD diagnoses and a small increase in treatment of new other DUDs.
Divine Action, Determinism, and the Laws of Nature

A longstanding question at the intersection of science, philosophy, and theology is how God might act, or not, when governing the universe. Many believe that determinism would prevent God from acting at all, since to do so would require violating the laws of nature. However, when a robust view of these laws is coupled with the kind of determinism now used in dynamics, a new model of divine action emerges. This book presents a new approach to divine action beyond the current focus on quantum mechanics and esoteric gaps in the causal order. It bases this approach on two general points. First, that there are laws of nature is not merely a metaphor. Second, laws and physical determinism are now understood in mathematically precise ways that have important implications for metaphysics. The explication of these two claims shows not only that nonviolationist divine action is possible, but there is considerably more freedom available for God to act than current models allow. By bringing a philosophical perspective to an issue often dominated by theologians and scientists, this text redresses an imbalance in the discussion around divine action. It will, therefore, be of keen interest to scholars of Philosophy and Religion, the Philosophy of Science, and Theology.
Graphene-germanium quantum dot photodetector with high sensitivity

Graphene-based photodetectors have attracted strong interest for realizing optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors. Here we report a simple fabrication of graphene-germanium quantum dots for broadband light detection from visible to infrared region. The photodetectors show an improved responsivity and response speed. Specifically, the fabricated germanium quantum dots on graphene photodetector shows a responsivity of 1,500 A/W at room temperature and the response time is as fast as ~ 1 ms. These results address key challenges for broadband photodetectors from visible to infrared region, and are promising for the development of graphene-based optoelectronic applications.
Geometric Structure of High-Dimensional Data

In applications, a high-dimensional data is given as a discrete set in a Euclidean space. If the points of data are well sampled on a manifold, then the data geometry is inherited from the manifold. Since the underlying manifold is hidden, it is hard to know its geometry by the classical manifold calculus. The data graph is a useful tool to reveal the data geometry. To construct a data graph, we first find the neighborhood system on the data, which is determined by the similarity (or dissimilarity) among the data points. The similarity information of data usually is driven by the application in which the data are used. In this chapter, we introduce the methods for defining the data similarity (or dissimilarity). We also introduce the preliminary spectral graph theory to analyze the data geometry. In Section 1, the construction of neighborhood system on data is discussed. The neighborhood system on a data set defines a data graph, which can be considered as a discrete form of a manifold. In Section 2, we introduce the basic concepts of graphs. In Section 3, the spectral graph analysis is introduced as a tool for analyzing the data geometry. Particularly, the Laplacian on a graph is briefly discussed in this section. Most of the materials in Sections 2 and 3 are found in [1–3].
Complete Genome Sequence of Citrobacter freundii Myophage Moon.

ABSTRACT Citrobacter freundii and other Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens necessitate concern from the public health sector. Bacteriophages that kill such pathogens may be useful in the control and containment of these infections. Here, we describe the genome of a newly isolated T4-like myophage of C. freundii, Moon, and present its features.
Зачем историку авантюрист

Рецензия на книгу: Французский авантюрист при дворе Петра I: Письма и бумаги барона де Сент-Илера / авт. науч. сост. и науч. ред. И. И. Федюкин. Москва: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2018. 351 с. Review of A French Adventurer at the Court of Peter I: The Letters and Papers of Baron de Saint-Hillaire. Edited by I. I. Fediukin. Moscow: Izd. Dom Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki, 2018, 351 p.
Alternative Measures of Jungian Personality Constructs.

Psychometric properties of 2 alternative Jungian personality measures, the Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory (Singer, Loomis, Kirkhart, & Kirkhart, 1996a, 1996b) and the Personal Preferences ...
Mathematical modelling of breast cancer cells in response to endocrine therapy and Cdk4/6 inhibition

Oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is responsive to a number of targeted therapies used clinically. Unfortunately, the continuous application of any targeted therapy often results in resistance to the therapy. Our ultimate goal is to use mathematical modelling to optimize alternating therapies that not only decrease proliferation but also stave off resistance. Toward this end, we measured levels of key proteins and proliferation over a 7-day time course in ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Treatments included endocrine therapy, either oestrogen deprivation, which mimics the effects of an aromatase inhibitor, or fulvestrant, an ER degrader. These data were used to calibrate a mathematical model based on key interactions between ER signalling and the cell cycle. We show that the calibrated model is capable of predicting the combination treatment of fulvestrant and oestrogen deprivation. Further, we show that we can add a new drug, palbociclib, to the model by measuring only two key proteins, cMyc and hyperphosphorylated RB1, and adjusting only parameters associated with the drug. The model is then able to predict the combination treatment of oestrogen deprivation and palbociclib. We illustrate the model's potential to explore protocols that limit proliferation and hold off resistance by not depending on any one therapy.
Online Intra-domain Segment Routing for Software-defined CubeSat Networks

The increasing popularity of CubeSats has given rise to the possibility of ubiquitous cyber-physical systems serving a wide variety of applications that range from monitoring and reconnaissance to in-space backhauling. Expectedly, such systems are characterized by the need for a robust data routing framework that is purpose-built for resource-constrained CubeSats. To this end, a software-defined networking (SDN) based segment routing (SR) framework for CubeSats has been introduced in this paper. More specifically, a robust analytical characterization of the SR problem has been presented, along with an online algorithm for near-optimal route computation characterized by a provable performance bound. Furthermore, a comprehensive performance evaluation has also been provided, with the results obtained being benchmarked against classical SDN systems. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework not only ensures a higher level of demand satisfaction but also results in a significant reduction in control traffic, along with load balancing.
On Two Fourier Transform-Based Methods for Estimation of Displacement and Parameters of Self-Mixing Interferometry Over Major Optical Feedback Regimes

Using a self-mixing laser interferometric sensor, the aim of this paper is to propose two new and distinct Fourier transform based methods for estimation of optical coupling factor and linewidth enhancement factor, as well as displacement of a target over all feedback regimes by processing the feedback phase. First algorithm deals only with band-limited smooth displacements, while second method deals with rather more general, smooth displacements. Under noiseless simulations over diverse target motion conditions and optical feedback regimes, these algorithms (first and second) have shown picometric displacement sensing precision of 1.1264 pm and 1.0996 pm respectively, for laser wavelength of 785 nm. The performance of proposed methods has also been quantified in case of additive noise. During experimental verification, by using a reference sensor with 2 nm resolution, their precision was measured to be 36.2142 nm and 34.4388 nm respectively, for weak-, moderate-, and strong-optical feedback regime signals. Importantly, for strong feedback regime, these methods have shown better performance than two previously reported methods.
Delayed comparison error minimization for frequency domain state estimation in structures subjected to high-rate boundary change

Many structural systems, such as aircraft, orbital infrastructure, and energy harvesting devices, experience dynamic forces along with changing structural boundary conditions. Collecting and analyzing data on these systems provides useful insight that aids design, evaluation, and function. For real-time decision-making on systems experiencing high-rate changes, completing assessments quickly enough to be relevant poses a unique set of challenges. In systems sufficiently understood and well defined, determining a system's state that experiences high-rate structural boundary condition changes can be accomplished by monitoring its frequency response. In this work, methods of frequency detection applicable to real-time state estimation of structures experiencing high-rate boundary changes were investigated; progress and findings in extracting the frequency response of a structure in real-time are presented here. A novel Delayed Comparison Error Minimization technique is presented and experimentally validated using the DROPBEAR experimental testbed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This testbench consists of an oscillating beam with one end fixed and roller support that can move along the beam's length. Real-time estimation of pin location through the measurement of beam motion was performed using the novel Delayed Comparison Error Minimization technique. Results are compared against an FFT-based method with a variety of window lengths. The latency and precision of this method are analyzed, and the results from each method are compared, with a discussion on the applicability of each method.
Graph diffusion distance: Properties and efficient computation.

We define a new family of similarity and distance measures on graphs, and explore their theoretical properties in comparison to conventional distance metrics. These measures are defined by the solution(s) to an optimization problem which attempts find a map minimizing the discrepancy between two graph Laplacian exponential matrices, under norm-preserving and sparsity constraints. Variants of the distance metric are introduced to consider such optimized maps under sparsity constraints as well as fixed time-scaling between the two Laplacians. The objective function of this optimization is multimodal and has discontinuous slope, and is hence difficult for univariate optimizers to solve. We demonstrate a novel procedure for efficiently calculating these optima for two of our distance measure variants. We present numerical experiments demonstrating that (a) upper bounds of our distance metrics can be used to distinguish between lineages of related graphs; (b) our procedure is faster at finding the required optima, by as much as a factor of 103; and (c) the upper bounds satisfy the triangle inequality exactly under some assumptions and approximately under others. We also derive an upper bound for the distance between two graph products, in terms of the distance between the two pairs of factors. Additionally, we present several possible applications, including the construction of infinite “graph limits” by means of Cauchy sequences of graphs related to one another by our distance measure.
Amba’s Journey Through Multiple Lives and Genders

Abducted by Bhishma from her self-choice (svayamvara) ceremony, subsequently rejected by her previously chosen partner, her life turned upside down. Amba vowed to dedicate her life to vanquishing Bhishma. Burning with anger she vows to take revenge on Bhishma in her next life; she is reborn as Shikhandi finally killing him in the Mahabharata war. Her journey into isolation, asceticism, and forest as well as rebirth and gender change help ascertain the uniqueness of feminine heroics in ancient India.
Clinical Impact of a Community Pharmacy-Based Health and Wellness Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience

Abstract Background Public health goals for routine health screenings and receipt of immunizations are not being met in the United States. Community pharmacies are accessible resources for patients to receive recommended immunizations and other healthcare services, and many serve as experiential education rotation sites for schools of pharmacy. Integrating student pharmacists into community pharmacy settings can satisfy pharmacy schools’ accreditation requirements for student pharmacists to engage in direct patient care activities and improve vaccination rates and patient health outcomes. Objective To assess the clinical impact of an intensive community pharmacy-based, Health and Wellness Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) completed by second-year (P2) student pharmacists. Methods The Health and Wellness IPPE was a one-week rotation developed to provide second-year student pharmacists with opportunities to provide clinical services to patients within the community pharmacy setting. Student pharmacists administered immunizations, performed blood pressure screenings and blood glucose measurements, and provided education to patients under the guidance of licensed pharmacist preceptors. Student pharmacist interventions were assessed to determine the course’s clinical impact, and preceptors were surveyed regarding the feasibility of student pharmacists performing clinical services at their training sites. Results A total of 147 student pharmacists completed the IPPE at 89 community pharmacy training sites and administered 9,392 injections, ninety percent of which were influenza vaccinations. Student pharmacists performed 3,458 patient health assessments, including measuring patients’ blood pressure and blood glucose and reviewing patient education materials. Most preceptors indicated core activities were feasible during the experience. Conclusion This study found that implementing a concentrated IPPE focused on immunizations and health screenings allowed student pharmacists to enhance their clinical skills and fulfill a significant public health need, improving patient outcomes. Future studies should explore utilizing student pharmacists in community pharmacy settings to expand clinical services offered beyond these two services, such as diabetes risk tests, influenza point-of-care testing and smoking cessation counseling.
4 Cyclophosphamide Analogues

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on studies of compounds that may be viewed as either structural analogues of cyclophosphamide or precursors to its primary metabolites. Investigations of such compounds contribute to the general understanding of the mechanisms of drug action and may provide second-generation cyclophosphamide cognates having improved chemotherapeutic value in the treatment of cancer. In the case of cyclophosphamide, significant advances have been made in establishing the details of its metabolic pathways and pharmacology. The chapter summarizes the key features of cyclophosphamide metabolism and highlights several elements that may, perhaps in concert, account for cyclophosphamide's selective toxicity towards cancerous cells. It has been amply demonstrated that cyclophosphamide is “activated” upon conversion to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide by a liver mixed function oxidase. Proposed mechanisms to account for the oncostatic selectivity of cyclophosphamide span a broad range of biochemical perspectives.
Gene Reachability Using Page Ranking on Gene Co-expression Networks

We modify the Google Page-Rank algorithm, which is primarily used for ranking web pages, to analyze the gene reachability in complex gene co-expression networks. Our modification is based on the average connections per gene. We propose a new method to compute the metric of average connections per gene, inspired by the Page-Rank algorithm. We calculate this average as eight for human genome data and three to seven for yeast genome data. Our algorithm provides clustering of genes. The proposed analogy between web pages and genes may offer a new way to interpret gene networks.
Young Children Sampling Sustainable Learning as Healthier Me

In this chapter, we consider educational practices that lead children’s authentic learning. We focus these ideas on children about three to five years of age. Our philosophy, built on an overarching education for sustainability (EfS) approach, recognises children as active, powerful, contributing agents in their own learning, especially when collaborating with others.
Beyond the Resume: Using Videotaped Interviews as a Solution to Internship Placement Problems

(1995). Beyond the Resume: Using Videotaped Interviews as a Solution to Internship Placement Problems. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 47-49.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide

The living polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide was achieved by atom transfer radical polymerization catalyzed by copper chloride complexed with a new ligand. N,N'-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl 3-hexoxo-3-oxopropyl)ethane-1,2-dimine (BPED). With methyl 2-chloropropionate as the initiator, the polymerization reached high conversions (>90%) at 80°C and 100°C, producing polymers with M n very close to theoretical values and low polydispersity. The ligand, temperature, and copper halide strongly affected the activity and control of the polymerization.
On the Nature of the Changes Induced in Escherichia coli by Osmotic Shock

Abstract When Escherichia coli in exponential phase of growth are treated in sequence with 1 x 10-4 m ethylenediaminetetraacetate- -0.033 m Tris, pH 7.3–0.5 m sucrose, and then with cold 5 x 10-4 MgCl2, a set of hydrolytic enzymes is selectively released into the dilute MgCl2 solution (shock fluid). This procedure, osmotic shock, has no deleterious effect on viability. Shocked cells can be successfully stored for 3 hours at room temperature before being transferred to growth medium. On being restored to a nutrient medium, the shocked cells do not resume growth at once, but only after a lag period of 30 to 40 min. During this time they are unusually sensitive to Actinomycin D; to bacteriophage T4 infection; to the presence of lysozyme, ribonuclease, or deoxyribonuclease in the medium; and to ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Presumably, osmotic shock has caused a lesion to the cell envelope which is largely repaired during the lag period. E. coli subjected to osmotic shock have difficulty in adapting to synthetic growth media when previously grown on a richer, semidefined medium. Adaptation to galactose is also defective. Active transport of l-leucine is impaired, confirming a report in the literature. Incorporation of l-leucine, uracil, and thymine into an acid-insoluble fraction is reduced during the lag period, and this may be due in part to poor uptake. Resynthesis of the enzymes that were released by osmotic shock takes place during the recovery period, but three generations of growth are required before normal levels are restored. On a suitable medium nearly normal growth rates are obtained, even when the levels of enzyme are very low. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate serves a double purpose in the osmotic shock procedure. It greatly improves the selective release of certain hydrolytic enzymes. It also enables bacteria to withstand osmotic shock more successfully, as judged by reduced leakage of β-galactosidase, protein, and other material absorbing at 260 mµ.
IBM's “tangible culture” approach can smooth the way to successful transformation

Purpose – Describes the “tangible culture” approach in promoting culture change, and smoothing the way to successful integration, which consultants and researchers devised to resolve some of the issues IBM faced over the $3.5 billion acquisition of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting in 2002.Design/methodology/approach – Details the three concepts – “business practices”, “right vs. right”, and “outcome narratives” – which lie at the heart of the tangible‐culture approach, and some of their practical applications.Findings – Demonstrates that tangible culture specifically targets the culture issues associated with mergers and acquisitions, alliances (e.g. outsourcing), major restructuring (e.g. shared services) and transformation. It can provide the clarity to help companies to reduce their risks and achieve full operations more quickly, while avoiding the delays, strife, additional costs and lost revenues that can erode a business case.Practical implications – Shows that organizations can now do something ab...
The Impact of Transposable Elements on Gene and Genome Evolution

Transposable elements (TEs) are fragments of DNA than can move, or transpose, from one location in the genome to another. Plant TEs are extremely powerful mutagens, inserting into genes and resulting in chromosomal inversions, duplications, and deletions. This feature of TEs has made them extremely useful as tools to gain genetic understanding of the plant genome. However, in addition to their well-described destructive roles as mutagens and molecular parasites on a generation-to-generation timescale, TE activity also has a creative side, constructing novel features in the genome on an evolutionary timescale. The ability of TEs to naturally alter the genome has made them excellent molecular mechanics, generating novel regulator regions, coding regions and chromosomal loci. Occasionally, some of this genomic tinkering generates useful products and is therefore selected for. This chapter explores the creative (rather than destructive) aspects of TE activity.
Multiple auditory template matching using expansion

In this paper we consider multiple template matching techniques for auditory localization. In our approach, auditory localization is based on extracting localization cues from the ratios of the incoming sound spectra at the two ears. Localization cues can be extracted from such ratios by matching them with stored templates of ratios of head related transfer functions. Here we compare the performance of several matching techniques in their ability to accurately extract localization cues from such ratios. We introduce a new Discriminative Matching Measure (DMM), a similarity measure to be optimized, and formulate a novel linear matching scheme which optimizes this measure. The DMM is similar to our Discriminative Signal-to-Noise Ratio measure. We compare the performance of several linear techniques, namely correlation and normalized correlation and our novel optimal matching method and also a non-linear method based on the backpropagation algorithm. >
On the Mathematical Basis of the Linear Sampling Method

The linear sampling method is an algorithm for solving the in- verse scattering problem for acoustic and electromagnetic waves. The method is based on showing that a linear integral equation of first kind has a solution that becomes unbounded as a parameter z approaches the boundary of the scatterer D from inside D. However, except for the case of the transmission problem, the case where z is in the exterior of D is unresolved. Since for the inverse scattering problem D is unknown, this step is crucial for the mathe- matical justification of the linear sampling method. In this paper we give a mathematical justification of the linear sampling method for arbitrary z by using the theory of integral equations of first kind with singular kernels.
Two‐tone suppression in cochlear mechanics

Mechanical responses to one‐ and two‐tone stimuli were recorded from the basilar membrane (BM) in the hook region of the guinea‐pig cochlea. The most sensitive or ‘‘best’’ frequencies (BFs) for the sites studied were ∼25–30 kHz. Two‐tone suppression (2TS) of the responses to near BF probe tones was noted using suppressor tones either above or below the BF. Rates of growth of 2TS were highest (∼1 dB/dB) when the suppressor tones were presented below the BF. Below‐BF suppression thresholds (the suppressor intensities causing ∼10% reduction in the probe‐evoked responses) corresponded to BM displacements of ∼1–5 nm. Above‐BF suppression thresholds corresponded to much smaller displacements at the location studied. Both above‐ and below‐BF suppressor tones changed the phase of the probe tone responses in the same way that increases in the probe tone intensity did (they evoked small phase‐lags for below‐BF probes, and small phase‐leads for near‐ and above‐BF probes). Low‐frequency suppressor tones (<∼7 kHz) evoked a frequency‐ and intensity‐dependent mixture of phasic (ac) and tonic (dc) suppression. Peak (ac) suppression was observed around the times of peak BM displacement (not velocity). These findings are discussed in relation to those of other workers.
The essential groups of insulin.

Abstract Insulin has been treated under carefully controlled conditions with acetic anhydride, ketene, aromatic isocyanates, iodine, diazobenzene sulfonic acid, phosphorous pentoxide, thioglycol, formaldehyde and other reagents, either singly or in sequence. From assays of the reaction products, and from data in the literature, the following conclusions have been derived: 1. 1. Neither acetylation, nor other reactions involving most of the amino groups, nor sulfation of most of the aliphatic hydroxyl groups causes inactivation of the hormone. 2. 2. Addition of methylol to part of the amide or guanidyl groups, or iodination of half of the phenolic groups, or coupling of part of the latter as well as a few imidazole groups (with diazobenzene sulfonic acid), causes little if any loss of activity. 3. 3. Reduction of most of the disulfide bonds, or esterification of most of the carboxyl groups, or extensive iodination or coupling of phenolic and imidazole groups causes marked inactivation. 4. 4. The partially coupled insulin, combined with protamine, appears to be less soluble and possibly more protracted in its action than standard protamine insulin.
A monoclonal antibody to amyloid precursor protein induces neuronal apoptosis

Although there is considerable evidence suggesting that altered metabolism of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and accumulation of its beta-amyloid fragment are key features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the normal physiological function of APP remains elusive. We investigated the potential role of APP in neurons using the monoclonal antibody 22C11, which binds to the extracellular domain of the human, rat, or mouse APP. Exposure of cortical neurons to 22C11 induced morphological changes including neurite degeneration, nuclear condensation, and internucleosomal DNA cleavage that were consistent with neurons dying by apoptosis. Supporting a role for 22C11-mediated apoptosis occurring by binding to APP were data demonstrating that preincubation of 22C11 with either purified APP or a synthetic peptide (APP(66-81)) that contains the epitope for 22C11 significantly attenuated neuronal damage induced by 22C11. The specificity of 22C11 was further supported by data showing no apparent effects of either mouse IgG or the monoclonal antibody P2-1, which is specific for the aminoterminal end of human but not rat APP. In addition, biochemical features indicative of apoptosis were the formation of 120- and 150-kDa breakdown products of fodrin following treatment of cortical neurons with 22C11. Both the morphological and the biochemical changes induced by 22C11 were prevented following pretreatment of neurons with the general caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(O-methyl)-fluoromethyl ketone. Prior incubation of cortical neurons with GSH ethyl ester (GEE), a cell-permeable form of GSH, resulted in complete protection from the 22C11 insult, thus implicating an oxidative pathway in 22C11-mediated neuronal degeneration. This was further supported by the observation that prior treatment of neurons with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthetase, potentiated the toxic effects of 22C11. Finally, with use of compartmented cultures of hippocampal neurons, it was also demonstrated that selective application of 22C11 caused local neuritic degeneration that was prevented by the addition of GEE to the neuritic compartment. Thus, the binding of a monoclonal antibody to APP initially triggers neurite degeneration that is followed by caspase-dependent apoptosis in neuronal cultures and illustrates a novel property of this protein in neurons that may contribute to the profound neuronal cell death associated with AD.
Differential Induction of HNF-3 Transcription Factors during Neuronal Differentiation ☆

Abstract We have investigated the regulation of transcription factors HNF-3α and HNF-3β during the retinoic acid-mediated differentiation of mouse P19 cells. Retinoic acid treatment converts P19 stem cells into neurons and astrocytes and we have clearly shown that gene expression of both HNF-3α and HNF-3β is activated during this process. HNF-3α transcription was detected 2 h after addition of retinoic acid and took place in the absence ofde novoprotein synthesis. This suggests that HNF-3α is a primary target for retinoic acid action. HNF-3α induction displays a biphasic profile and HNF-3α mRNA reaches maximal levels at 2 and 6 days postdifferentiation. Additional experiments strongly suggest that the second peak is due to HNF-3α induction in postmitotic neurons. P19 stem cells, on the other hand, do not contain any detectable HNF-3α mRNA. According to our studies, the retinoic acid-mediated induction of HNF-3α occurs at the level of transcriptional initiation and is conferred by distal promoter sequences. In comparison to HNF-3α, HNF-3β induction is a subsequent event and detectable levels of HNF-3β mRNA materialize approximately 1 day after addition of retinoic acid to P19 stem cells. Time course studies firmly demonstrate that HNF-3β mRNA peaks at about 2 days postdifferentiation and then declines to virtually unreadable levels. This temporal pattern is consistent with HNF-3β being a secondary target for retinoic acid. In analogy to HNF-3α, HNF-3β activation also takes place at the level of transcriptional initiation. Recent studies implicate HNF-3α and HNF-3β in early mammalian neurogenesis. The detection of HNF-3α/β activation during P19 cell differentiation provides us with a convenient cell culture system to elucidate the induction mechanism and the precise role of both transcriptional regulators in the formation of neuronal cells.
The Aj K’uhun Title: Deciphering a classic Maya term of rank

The God C title, found in numerous hieroglyphic texts, refers to junior members of the royal court and is therefore crucial to our understanding of Classic Maya political structure. Over the past two decades, the amount of epigraphic work on the God C title has been significant. A consensus on its reading and meaning, however, has yet to be reached. In this article, we build on earlier research to suggest new ideas for reading this glyph, based on semantic and grammatical re-evaluations of the title. Our proposed readings are Ajk'uhulhun, which might be read as “he of the holy paper” (expanding on previous interpretations), or, alternatively, Ajk'uhun, “one who obeys, venerates” or “one who keeps,” based on a grammatical reassessment. In addition, we suggest a new understanding of the aj- and ix- agentive prefixes, traditionally understood as masculine and feminine markers, respectively. We examine these possible readings in archaeological and iconographic context, using subsidiary nobles of ancient Copan as a case study. Through our discussion we aim to illuminate the meaning and significance of the God C title, and in doing so to highlight the evolution of the methodologies employed in Maya hieroglyphic decipherment over the past two decades.
Increased sensitivity to intracerebroventricular infusion of serotonin and deaminated indoles after lesioning rat with dihydroxytryptamine

Summary Rats were prepared with a chronic intracerebroventricular cannula, and treated with intracisternal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT) after i.p. desmethylimipramine or control vehicle. After recovery, they were tested behaviorally by direct observation and electronic monitoring of motor activity. Intraventricular infusion of a placebo or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) had little effect, but serotonin (5-HT) decreased, and norepinephrine increased locomotor activity in intact rats. Following pretreatment with 5,7-DHT, a small increase in locomotor activity was noted which was not altered by intracranial infusion of vehicle. In contrast, infusions of 5-HT produced a striking dose-dependent (ED50 = 5 μg/min) pattern of hyperactivity, ‘myoclonic’ jerking movements, postural changes, and autonomic responses. Norepinephrine increased locomotor activity in the DHT-lesioned rats (but not significantly more than in controls), but failed to produce the myoclonic syndrome. The deaminated indoles, indoleacetaldehyde and 5-HIAA were more potent than 5-HT in producing the myoclonic response; tryptamine when infused at an equimolar dose had no effect. The putative serotonin antagonists, cyproheptadine and methiothepin (i.p.), were more effective in blocking responses to infused 5-HT than to equipotent doses of deaminated indoles. These behavioral responses may represent exaggerated excitatory effects mediated by serotonin in the brain stem and spinal cord, possibly modified by altered forebrain mechanisms. A neurophysiologic or neuropharmacologic role for deaminated indoles should be reconsidered as they may not merely be inactive metabolites.
Women and Men Faculty in Academic Science and Engineering: Social-Organizational Indicators and Implications:

Drawing on recent survey data of women and men faculty in doctoral-granting departments in computer science, engineering, and science fields in nine highly ranked research universities, this article depicts four key social-organizational features of work, as reported by women and men respondents: frequency of speaking with faculty about research in home unit, ratings of aspects of position and department, characterizations of departmental climates, and levels of interference experienced with work and family.The article points to (a) the ways in which these features of work are consequential for significant status in academic science and engineering; (b) the ways in which experiences with these features vary for women and men faculty; and (c) the ways that institutional practices and policies, reflecting these features, may be improved toward greater equity for the full participation and status of both women and men in academic science and engineering.
The dual role of ELF/VLF chorus waves in the acceleration and precipitation of radiation belt electrons

This paper provides a brief review of the role that chorus waves play in controlling the dynamics of the Earth's outer radiation belt. Three major topics are discussed: (i) the morphology, characteristics, and properties of chorus waves themselves, with special emphasis on more recent results, (ii) the role that chorus waves play in the loss of radiation belt particles, showing initial results from modeling of relativistic electron microbursts, and estimated lifetimes based on microburst occurrence rates during the main phase of storms, and (iii) the role that chorus waves play in the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies in the recovery phase of storms, based on a new quasilinear diffusion based calculation.
Introduction to decision technologies for management track

The goal of DTM is to present topic areas involving the adoption of innovative technology for management decision making. A brief synopsis of the DTM Minitracks is presented.
Detection of Organophosphates Using an Acetyl Cholinesterase (AChE) Coated Microcantilever

Abstract A microcantilever modified with a layer of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) responding to paraoxon is reported in this work. Acetyl cholinesterase was immobilized on a microcantilever through a cross linker to a monolayer on gold surface of the microcantilever. The microcantilever underwent a maximum of 7 nm bending due to the inhibition of AChE by paraoxon that slightly changed the conformation of AChE.
Distinguishing the Preparation and Roles of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Nursing Practice Graduates: National Implications for Academic Curricula and Health Care Systems

Although the American Association of Colleges of Nursing was clear in defining the role of individuals with the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree when it endorsed the DNP as the single-entry degree for advanced practice nurses in 2004, confusion about educational curricula to prepare DNPs continues to exist in academic programs throughout the United States. Further, health care systems are unsure about the role DNP graduates should fulfill in comparison with PhD-prepared individuals. This article discusses the importance of DNP- and PhD-prepared individuals in improving the quality of health care and the health of Americans, how best to resolve the confusion in preparation of DNP and PhD students, and the various roles DNP and PhD graduates should fulfill in real-world settings. A national call to action and future implications for research, academia, and health care settings are highlighted.
Prognostic significance of DNA measurement determined by image analysis in human breast carcinoma.

The nuclear DNA of human breast carcinoma cells was studied by image analysis using archival paraffin-blocked tissues from two groups of patients with breast cancers. One group had survived > 10 years (N = 20) and the other <3 years (N = 26) after the initial diagnosis. Cellular preparations were made from pepsin-digested deparaffinated sections. The nuclear DNA was stained with Feulgen stain and measured by a computerized image analysis system. The data show that in addition to nodal status the pattern of DNA histograms obtained from image analysis can provide powerful prognostic information in breast carcinoma. The prognostic value of DNA histogram patterns may be independent of nodal status. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Application of sequence and genetic stratigraphic concepts to Carboniferous coal-bearing strata: an example from the Black Warrior basin, USA

Carboniferous strata provide an excellent example on which to test the application of genetic stratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic concepts. Both approaches are employed in the evaluation of the coal-bearing strata of the Black Warrior basin, south-eastern USA. Bounding hiatal surfaces have been recognized in the succession of rock that includes the Mary Lee coal zone. Within the framework of genetic stratigraphy, one genetic sequence has been identified comprised of offlap (progradational and aggradational facies) and onlap (aggradational and transgressive facies) components. Seven parasequence sets have been delimited according to the concepts of sequence stratigraphy. These have been ascribed to transgressive, highstand and shelf margin systems tracts. The identification of components of these contrasting frameworks provide the basis for evaluating other Carboniferous strata.
Maternal lymphocyte subpopulations (CD45RA+ and CD45RO+) in preeclampsia.

Abstract Objective: The maternal syndrome of preeclampsia has been attributed to a systemic intravascular inflammatory response and endothelial cell dysfunction. The stimulus responsible for intravascular inflammation in preeclampsia has not been determined. The expression of CD45 isoforms on the surface of human T cells has been used to classify CD4 + T lymphocytes into naive cells (CD45RA+) and memory T cells (CD45RO+). An increased percentage of CD45RO+ cells has been interpreted as consistent with previous exposure to microbial products or other antigens. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preeclampsia is associated with a change in the proportion of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+. Study Design: A prospective study was conducted in patients with preeclampsia (n = 24) and normal pregnancy (n = 75). The percentage of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ on CD4 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood was determined using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies. Results were reported as a percentage of CD4 + lymphocytes. Parametric statistics were used for analysis. A probability value of Results: Patients with preeclampsia had a significantly higher percentage of CD45RO+ than normal pregnant women ( P P Conclusion: Preeclampsia is associated with an increase in the percentage of CD45RO+ and a decrease in the CD45RA+ lymphocyte subpopulation. Therefore, patients with preeclampsia have evidence of previous antigenic exposure, the nature of which remains to be established. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:889-93.)
Congressional policy preferences and U.S. monetary policy

Abstract This paper shows that the evidence of congressional impotence in influencing U.S. monetary policy presented in Chopin et al. (1996) is robust to inclusion of a dummy variable for the tenure of House Banking Committee Chairman Wright Patman. This result is in contrast to the assertion of Grier (1996). Further, we show that specification problems of models of congressional influence over a sample period that extends beyond the mid-1980s can be the result of omitted variable bias. When macroeconomic variables, including oil price shocks, are included in the model, our results continue to hold. Contrasting our results with Grier's indicates that the evidence concerning congressional influence is sensitive to the measure of congressional preferences.
Lung abscess (surgical aspects).

SUMMARY 1) The surgical aspects of acute and chronic pulmonary abscess have been discussed. 2) It has been emphasized that pulmonary abscess is a serious and unpredictable disease with ever-present surgical potentialities. It follows that early and frequent consultations between the physician and his thoracic surgical consultant are of the utmost importance. 3) It has been stressed that the arbitrary division of treatment of pulmonary abscess into medical and surgical aspects based on the length of illness is hazardous and has been largely responsible for the appalling mortality rates of past years. 4) The important role of bronchoscopy in improving “internal drainage” has been described. 5) The general indications for surgical drainage in pulmonary abscess have been given. 6) The pathological changes accompanying chronic pulmonary abscess have been briefly presented. 7) The indications for pulmonary resection (segmental lobectomy, total lobectomy, total pneumonectomy) in the treatment of both drained and undrained chronic pulmonary abscesses have been discussed. 8) Case histories have been presented which emphasize the salient facts. 2938 McClure Street.
Menopausal estrogen use and risk of breast cancer

To assess the relationship of menopausal estrogens to breast cancer risk, the authors conducted a case-control study among 881 cases and 863 controls identified through the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP). Use of estrogens was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 1.24 (95% C.I. 1.0-1.5), with higher risks observed among users of high-dose preparations. Hormone effects predominated among women who received them following bilateral oophorectomy (RR = 1.54), obliterating the protective effect normally associated with the operation. In this group, risk increased with years of estrogen use, reaching risks of 2-3 for users of ten or more years. High risks were also observed among oophorectomized women who used hormones in the presence of other risk factors, including nulliparity, family history of breast cancer, and benign breast disease. These results suggest a possible, although complex, relationship between estrogen use and risk of breast cancer.
Properties of high latitude irregularities with a short-baseline 2D GPS scintillation array

Variations in plasma density in the ionospheric layer can cause fluctuations in the received amplitude or phase of a trans-ionospherically propagating radio wave. Such fluctuations are termed scintillation, and can lead to loss of continuity in radio-navigation for users of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GPS, Beidou, GLONASS, and Galileo. A scintillating signal can cause a user's receiver to lose lock on one or more satellites at a given instant. These satellites are then temporarily unavailable for position, navigation and timing estimates, reducing accuracy. Scintillation is observed most frequently in the equatorial and auroral zones. In these regions, different physical mechanisms are responsible for the formation of ionospheric irregularities that cause scintillation.
Comments on "Controllability, Observability and Structural Identifiability of Multi Input and Multi Output Biological Compartmental Systems"

This correspondence is a critique of reference [1] (Cobelli and Romanin-Jacur, 1976). Properties equivalent to Complete Controllability (CC) in a structural sense and Complete Observability (CO) in a structural sense are presented. Deficiencies in their definition of structural identifiability are considered and alternate definitions to handle identifiability are provided. Finally a counterexample to the intended statement of Theorem 2.1 is presented.
Regulation of expression of type C virion DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) in human × mouse and human × rat hybrid cells

Human cells from 13 different individuals were fused to mouse and rat cells producing abundant type C viral particles. The results demonstrate that incorporation of active DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) into mature type C particles is suppressed in many of the hybrid clones but not in the parental mouse cell clones. This low particle-associated DNA polymerase phenotype was a heritable trait for over 100 cell generations but reversion to a high particle-associated DNA polymerase phenotype was possible. In contrast, no evidence for suppression of viral p30 antigen was found. These results suggest that human cells contain a factor (s) capable of interfering with the normal maturation of the mouse retrovirus DNA polymerase protein; however, it was not possible to assign this function to any of 20 different human chromosomes tested. It is suggested that these somatic cell hybrids may be useful in examining individual events in retrovirus packaging and release.