cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variable Region Usage in B Cell Deficient Mice in a Model of Experimental Herpes Simplex Virus Retinitis

Arrunategui-Correa VR, Dutt JE, Foster CS. Variable Region Usage in B Cell Deficient Mice in aModel of Experimental Herpes Simplex Virus Retinitis. Scand J Immunol 1995;42:387-395By using PCR, we have found previously that differences in T cell receptor alpha/beta chain variableregion (TCR a/0) gene expression in lymph nodes (LN) existed between susceptible and resistant micefollowing anterior chamber (AC) inoculation with herpes simplex virus (HSV). We now report andcompare the immunoglobulin gene variable region (Ig VH) and the TCR V/3 mRNA expression innormal congenic mice (BALB/c and C.B-17) and also in B cell modulated C.B-17 mice (B-). RNAprepared from spleen and LN of these mice before and after HSV-AC inoculation was analysed by PCRusing oligoprimers specific for 11 VH gene families and 19 V/? gene families. Densitometry analysisrevealed that VH family mRNA expression levels in spleen and lymph nodes did not correlate with HSVsusceptibility or resistance patterns in B-, BALB/c and C.B-17 mice. Analysis of TCR V/3 chain genesshowed that spleen of resistant C.B-17 and B- Ab transferred mice showed a preference for V/?l 1 geneexpression not seen in susceptible mice. In contrast, LN of BALB/c and B-, both susceptible mice, madeTCR W0 transcripts that were indistinguishable from those generated by resistant C.B-17 mice,following HSV-AC inoculation. Finally, TCR VP gene family repertoire appears to be severelydiminished in uninfected B- mice (50% in LN and 45% in spleen) by anti-^ treatment.C. Stephen Foster, Hilles Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St..Boston. MA 02114. USA
Case management programs in primary care

To review the impact of case management programs on health care resource use; their impact on patient satisfaction, quality of life, and functional status (patient-centered outcomes); and their cost-effectiveness, we reviewed the English language literature utilizing the following MEDLINE and HealthSTAR headings: case management, patient care planning, patient-centered care, disease management, care management, and managed care programs. Bibliographies of relevant articles were also reviewed. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Data were extracted manually from relevant publications and are presented descriptively because formal, quantitative methods were not applicable. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria. Of the seven studies examining case management's impact on health resource use, only two found a positive effect. Both successful programs targeted patients with specified disease conditions and care was supervised by a medical subspecialist. None of the programs targeting general disease conditions or supervised by generalists reported a positive effect. All six studies examining patient-centered outcomes reported a positive impact. These effects were unrelated to the patient's conditions or the study personnel. Both studies examining clinical parameters found a positive impact. Only three studies examined costs; all reported nonsignificant cost savings. While case management programs offer theoretical benefits, few examples of successful programs were found. Positive effect was related to disease condition and specialty training of study personnel. Patient-centered outcomes were often improved upon but at unknown cost. Further multisite clinical trials are needed to define case management's role in our future health care system.
Superfluid density and specific heat within a self-consistent scheme for a two-band superconductor

The two gaps in a two-band clean $s$-wave superconductor are evaluated self-consistently within the quasiclassical Eilenberger weak-coupling formalism with two in-band and one interband pairing potentials. Superfluid density, free energy, and specific heat are given in the form amenable for fitting the experimental data. Well-known two-band ${\text{MgB}}_{2}$ and ${\text{V}}_{3}\text{Si}$ superconductors are used to test the developed approach. The pairing potentials obtained from the fit of the superfluid density data in ${\text{MgB}}_{2}$ crystal were used to calculate temperature-dependent specific heat $C(T)$. The calculated $C(T)$ compares well with the experimental data. Advantages and validity of this, which we call the ``$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ model,'' are discussed and compared with the commonly used empirical (and not self-consistent) ``$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ model.'' Correlation between the sign of the interband coupling and the signs of the two order parameters is discussed. Suppression of the critical temperature by the interband scattering is evaluated and shown to be severe for the interband repulsion as compared to the attraction. The data on a strong ${T}_{c}$ suppression in ${\text{MgB}}_{2}$ crystals by impurities suggest that the order parameters on two effective bands of this material may have opposite signs, i.e., may have the ${s}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ structure similar to proposals for iron-based pnictide superconductors.
Weathering rates as a function of flow through an alpine soil

The effect of flow on release rates of solutes from soil in a 39-m2 alpine catchment in the Colorado Rockies was measured during the summers of 1990–1994. Flow rates through the soil were varied by augmenting natural rainfall with deionized irrigation water. Daily water inputs averaged between 96 and 2161 day− during the five field seasons, and mean discharge (inputs minus evapotranspiration) varied from 35 to 175 1 day−1. Volume-weighted mean concentrations of base cations and silica decreased only moderately in response to the increased water inputs. Input fluxes of solutes in precipitation were similar in each of the study seasons, but output fluxes of base cations and silica in surface outflow increased substantially in conjunction with the average water input rate for the season. Weathering rates calculated from the chemical fluxes increased substantially in response to increases in water input rates. The increases appear to be largely attributable to enhanced transport of solutes from the soil matrix under high flow conditions. At high flow, physical flushing of micropores presumably occurs to a greater extent than during low-flow periods because of greater soil wetness and higher hydrologic head. Increased flushing would also cause an increased rate of diffusion of solutes from microcracks in mineral surfaces and constricted pore spaces in response to an increased concentration gradient between those regions and adjacent areas in the soil matrix. Another consequence of the increased flushing that occurs during periods of high flow is that concentrations throughout the soil matrix tend to be lower, which might increase chemical weathering rates of some silicate minerals such as microcline, which are relatively close to saturation. Decreased Si concentrations under high-flow conditions appear to promote dissolution of amorphous aluminosilicates or desorption of Si from mineral surfaces, buffering Si concentrations in the soil solutions. Thus, both physical transport of solutes and subsequent chemical effects appear to be responsible for the positive relation observed between fluxes of weathering products and water input rates.
Fatty acid profiles of kukui nut oils over time and from different sources

Abstract Kukui nut (Aleurites moluccana) oil is starting to become a source of ingredients for cosmetics preparation. Fatty acid profiles are considered to be important for quality assessment. As part of an effort to grow the kukui nut oil industry, information was needed to determine whether fatty acid profiles of kukui nut oils made 10 years ago have changed over time. Commercial chemical preparation procedures and laboratory analytical methods have been modified. In addition, it was desirable to know whether oils from nuts from different parts of the world and oils subjected to deodorization procedures had similar fatty acid profiles. All kukui nut oils from Polynesian sources (Hawaii, Tonga) had identical fatty acid profiles over a 10-year period. This finding suggests that production practices for obtaining the oil and analytical procedures had not changed significantly over time. One Polynesian oil had a profile that was similar to the kukui nut oils obtained from Indonesia and East Timor. Like deodorized kukui nut oils obtained by steam distillation, these were also different from most of the Polynesian oils in that their linolenic acid (18:3cΔ9,12,15) values were significantly lower.
Testing the hypothesis of a nonrmal mean lying outside a convex cone

In a variety of situations a hypothesis of special nature is to be established. These situations include acceptance sampling,. bioequivalence testing, combination drug testing and others. In such situations it is proper to place the hypothesis to be established as the alternative hypothesis and the opposite statement as the null hypothesis. Ot these situations we focus on those in which the alternative hypothesis specifies a polyhedral cone for a normal mean vector. A commonly used test is the likelihood ratio (LR) test. The test statistic is a minimum of several t-statistics and yet the critical value is still a t-percentile. In addition, although the test size is exactly α , it is only attained as a limit. We generalize these results to the case of convex cone. The test statistic is expressed as a distance measure. The size property is established by an argument more complex than those previously given for polyhedral cones. A convex but nonpolyhedral cone can be encountered in comparing two polynomial r...
Intimate partner violence and reproductive coercion: global barriers to women's reproductive control.

Jay Silverman and Anita Raj discuss the policies and interventions required to address the range of poor reproductive outcomes for women and adolescents, including loss of reproductive control, associated with intimate partner violence. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
α-Synuclein Promotes Mitochondrial Deficit and Oxidative Stress

Abnormal accumulation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Because neurodegeneration in these conditions might be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, the effects of α-synuclein were investigated in a hypothalamic neuronal cell line (GT1-7). α-Synuclein overexpression in these cells resulted in formation of α-synuclein-immunopositive inclusion-like structures and mitochondrial alterations accompanied by increased levels of free radicals and decreased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. These alterations were ameliorated by pretreatment with anti-oxidants such as vitamin E. Taken together these results suggest that abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein could lead to mitochondrial alterations that may result in oxidative stress and, eventually, cell death.
Glucose plus insulin infusion improves cerebral outcome after asphyxial cardiac arrest.

HYPERGLYCEMIA before ischemia worsens cerebral outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the cerebral effects of giving glucose with or without insulin after asphyxial cardiac arrest. Rats underwent 8 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest. After arrest, Group 1 received NaCl; Group 2, insulin; Group 3, glucose; and Group 4, glucose plus insulin, all intravenously. Neurological deficit (ND) scores were 14 ± 10%, 22 ± 12%, 12 ± 10% and 2 ± 2% in Groups 1-4, respectively, 72 h after reperfusion. Overall histological damage (HD) scores were 4, 2, 3 and 1, respectively. Group 4 fared significantly better than group 1 on both scores. Glucose after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats produces no increased brain damage while glucose plus insulin improves cerebral outcome.
Social Identity Complexity, Cross-Ethnic Friendships, and Intergroup Attitudes in Urban Middle Schools

This study investigated contextual antecedents (i.e., cross-ethnic peers and friends) and correlates (i.e., intergroup attitudes) of social identity complexity in seventh grade. Social identity complexity refers to the perceived overlap among social groups with which youth identify. Identifying mostly with out-of-school sports, religious affiliations, and peer crowds, the ethnically diverse sample (N = 622; Mage in seventh grade = 12.56) showed moderately high complexity. Social identity complexity mediated the link between cross-ethnic friendships and ethnic intergroup attitudes, but only when adolescents had a high proportion of cross-ethnic peers at school. Results are discussed in terms of how school diversity can promote complex social identities and positive intergroup attitudes.
MOMENTUM MAPPINGS AND POISSON COHOMOLOGY

We analyze the question of existence and uniqueness of equivariant momentum mappings for Poisson actions of Poisson Lie groups. A necessary and sufficient condition for the equivariant momentum mapping to be unique is given. The existence problem is solved under some extra hypotheses, for example, when the action preserves the Poisson structure. In this case, the problem is closely related to the triviality of the induced group action on the Poisson cohomology. This action is shown to be trivial whenever the group is compact or semisimple. Conceptually, these results rely upon a version of “Poisson calculus” developed here to make one-forms on a Poisson manifold induce a “flow” preserving the Poisson structure. In the general case, obstructions to the existence of an infinitesimal version of an equivariant momentum mapping are found. Using Lie algebra cohomology with coefficients in Frechet modules, we show that the obstructions vanish, and the infinitesimal mapping exists, when the group is compact semisimple. We also prove the rigidity of compact group actions preserving the Poisson structure on a compact manifold and calculate the Poisson cohomology of the Poisson homogeneous space .
Wind shear detection systems

The Federal Aviation Administration has established an integrated program to provide wind shear detection and warning at selected airports throughout the United States. The program consists of both ground and aircraft-based sensors, as well as the development of procedures and training aids for pilots and controllers. Selection of airport for ground-based systems was based on the current and projected operations tempo and on the frequency of thunderstorms, the principal cause of hazardous wind shear events. The FAA's procurement of ground-based systems is managed within a wind shear product line in the agency's integrated product team for surveillance and weather. Included in the product line are the terminal doppler weather radar, the low level wind shear alert system, and the airport surveillance radar-weather system processor. These three systems, coupled with new procedures and improved training, bring a truly integrated approach to solving a serious safety problem.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mobile personal health records: an evaluation of features and functionality

Abstract Purpose To evaluate stand-alone mobile personal health record (mPHR) applications for the three leading cellular phone platforms (iOS, BlackBerry, and Android), assessing each for content, function, security, and marketing characteristics. Methods Nineteen stand-alone mPHR applications (8 for iOS, 5 for BlackBerry, and 6 for Android) were identified and evaluated. Main criteria used to include mPHRs were: operating standalone on a mobile platform; not requiring external connectivity; and covering a wide range of health topics. Selected mPHRs were analyzed considering product characteristics, data elements, and application features. We also reviewed additional features such as marketing tactics. Results Within and between the different mobile platforms attributes for the mPHR were highly variable. None of the mPHRs contained all attributes included in our evaluation. The top four mPHRs contained 13 of the 14 features omitting only the in-case-of emergency feature. Surprisingly, seven mPHRs lacked basic security measures as important as password protection. The mPHRs were relatively inexpensive: ranging from no cost to $9.99. The mPHR application cost varied in some instances based on whether it supported single or multiple users. Ten mPHRs supported multiple user profiles. Notably, eight mPHRs used scare tactics as marketing strategy. Conclusion mPHR is an emerging health care technology. The majority of existing mPHR apps is limited by at least one of the attributes considered for this study; however, as the mobile market continues to expand it is likely that more comprehensive mPHRs will be developed in the near future. New advancements in mobile technology can be utilized to enhance mPHRs by long-term patient empowerment features. Marketing strategies for mPHRs should target specific subpopulations and avoid scare tactics.
IgM monomers accelerate disease manifestations in autoimmune-prone Fas-deficient mice.

Abstract The monomeric form of IgM, also known as low molecular weight IgM, is found in increased concentrations in patients chronically infected with a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens or suffering from various autoimmune diseases. Whether monomeric IgM contributes to the disease process, however, is not known. To address this question, transgenic mice were created that secreted elevated levels of IgM monomers. In normal mice (C57BL/6), the presence of IgM monomers did not alter the composition of the immune system significantly: lymphocyte subsets and serum antibody levels were normal, with the exception of increased levels of IgM due to the presence of the monomers. Immune responses also appeared to be normal. Transgenic mice did develop antinuclear antibodies (ANA) earlier than non-transgenic littermates, but did not develop further indications of autoimmune disease. When the transgene was expressed in the autoimmune-prone strain of mice, B6.MRL-Tnfrsf6lpr (B6/lpr), these mice developed autoimmune manifestations more rapidly than non-transgenic littermates, including hypergammaglobulinemia, splenomegaly, and ANA production. Transgenic mice also displayed earlier evidence of immune complex deposition in the kidneys. From these results, we conclude that monomeric IgM does not induce autoimmune disease, but its presence can accelerate the onset of autoimmune manifestations in otherwise autoimmune prone animals.
The state the migrant labor regime and maiden workers in China.

Abstract Recent research (re)emphasizing the role of the state and the institutional perspective generally neglects socialist economies. At the same time, feminist studies on migration rarely focus on mobility in transitional contexts. Informed by these two bodies of literature, this paper examines how the post-Mao state in China has fostered a migrant labor regime and the incorporation of young, single rural women, dubbed “maiden workers,” into urban work. I argue that the Chinese state has taken on a developmentalist mandate and by doing so has also transformed gender relations in the peasant household and in the urban labor market. By analyzing narratives from a survey of peasant households in Sichuan and Anhui, I emphasize the central role of state policies and institutions, especially the household registration (hukou) system, in channeling peasants to specific sectors and jobs and creating an exploitative migrant labor regime. The incorporation of maiden workers into migrant work and the relative absence of married women in the rural–urban migrant labor force, reflect interactions between institutional controls, gender ideology, and demands of the migrant labor regime. An approach that integrates gender and institutional perspectives is useful because it foregrounds the state’s role in constructing differences based on hukou status, locality, class, and gender.
The Effects of Inhaled Isoparaffins on Locomotor Activity and Operant Performance in Mice

Abstract Very little is known qualitatively or quantitatively about the acute central nervous system effects of isoparaffin solvents that are widely used in household and commercial applications. Four isoparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent products differing in predominant carbon number and volatility (ISOPAR-C™, -E™ -G™, -H™) were tested for their acute effects on locomotor activity and operant performance after inhalation exposure in mice. For both measures, concentration–effect curves were obtained for 30-min exposures using a within-subject design. The more volatile products, ISOPAR-C™ and -E™, were as easily vaporized under our conditions as vapors such as toluene and TCE, which have acute effects on human behavior and are abused. ISOPAR-G™ was slowly volatilized and ISOPAR-H™ could not be completely volatilized within our 30-min exposures, suggesting that acute human exposures may be less likely and that it may be more difficult to abuse them. ISOPAR-C™, -E™, and -G™ produced reversible increases in locomotor activity of mice at 4000 and 6000 ppm while ISOPAR-C™ and -E™ produced reversible concentration-dependent decreases in rates of schedule-controlled operant behavior in approximately the same concentration range as they affected locomotor activity. The fact that only locomotor activity increases were observed with these isoparaffins provides evidence that they produce a different pattern of effects than those reported for abused solvents such as toluene and TCE. Further research will be needed to determine if this different pattern of effects on animal behavior between isoparaffins and abused solvents is correlated with a different pattern of acute intoxication and abuse potential in humans.
Spironolactone in the management of congestive heart failure

Abstract Although many new drags useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure have been introduced during the past 25 years, spironolactone continues to have an important role in the management of this condition. Spironolactone adds to the activity of the thiazide and loop diuretics to enhance the elimination of sodium and water. Furthermore, unwanted electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, associated with the administration of other classes of diuretics, can be minimized with spironolactone.
Computational characterization of bulk heterojunction nanomorphology

The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) nanomorphology in organic solar cells strongly affects the final efficiency of the device. Progress in experimental techniques now allows visualization of the complex 3D BHJ morphology. It is, therefore, important to characterize the topological properties of the morphology in order to quantify the link between morphology features and performance. Here, we introduce a suite of morphology descriptors which encode the complex nature of the multi-stage photovoltaic process in the BHJ. These morphology descriptors are easily determined using an approach based on converting the morphology into an equivalent weighted, labeled, undirected graph. We show how these descriptors can be used to interrogate BHJ morphologies, allow identification of bottlenecks in the photovoltaic process, and conduct quantitative comparison between morphologies with respect to each sub-process in the photovoltaic phenomena. This framework provides a simple and easy-to-use characterization tool that can be used to unravel the impact of morphology on complex transport phenomena.
Effect of a controlled pre-deformation history on extensional viscosity of dilute polymer solutions

We use a modified filament stretching rheometer to quantify the influence of a known controlled pre-shear history on the transient extensional viscosity of a dilute polymer solution. Two different types of pre-deformation are explored; both influence the subsequent stretching significantly, albeit in opposite ways. Small-amplitude oscillatory straining parallel to the direction of stretching enhances strain hardening and accelerates the tensile stress growth toward the steady-state value. Conversely, steady torsional shearing orthogonal to the direction of stretching retards strain hardening and results in a delayed approach to steady-state elongational flow. In both cases, the final steady-state extensional viscosity is the same as that observed with no pre-shearing. Calculations using a finitely extensible nonlinear elastic Peterlin dumbbell model qualitatively capture the trends observed in experiments, enabling interpretation of these observations in terms of the degree of polymer chain stretching imposed by the flow before extensional stretching.
The role of magmatically driven lithospheric thickening on arc front migration

Volcanic activity at convergent plate margins is localized along lineaments of active volcanoes that focus rising magma generated within the mantle below. In many arcs worldwide, particularly continental arcs, the volcanic front migrates away from the interface of subduction (the trench) over millions of years, reflecting coevolving surface forcing, tectonics, crustal magma transport, and mantle flow. Here we show that extraction of melt from arc mantle and subsequent magmatic thickening of overlying crust and lithosphere can drive volcanic front migration. These processes are consistent with geochemical trends, such as increasing La/Yb, which show that increasing depths of differentiation correlate with arc front migration in continental arcs. Such thickening truncates the underlying mantle flow field, squeezing hot mantle wedge and the melting focus away from the trench while progressively decreasing the volume of melt generated. However, if magmatic thickening is balanced by tectonic extension in the upper plate, a steady crustal thickness is achieved that results in a more stationary arc front with long-lived mantle melting. This appears to be the case for some island arcs. Thus, in combination with tectonic modulation of crustal thickness, magmatic thickening provides a self consistent model for volcanic arc front migration and the composition of arc magmas.
A perspective on integrated electronics

Integrated-circuit technology may be expected to bring the price of complex electronic equipment within the sphere of industrial and consumer markets and, at the same time, make possible the development and use of significantly more powerful equipment, such as large computers, for military, government, and industrial applications. However, it is important to recognize that the basic ground rules of design are being drastically changed as is the internal structure of the ``classical'' businesses.
Interconversion of active and inactive 30 S ribosomal subunits is accompanied by a conformational change in the decoding region of 16 S rRNA

Abstract Zamir, Elson and their co-workers have shown that 30 S ribosomal subunits are reversibly inactivated by depletion of monovalent or divalent cations. We have re-investigated the conformation of 16 S rRNA in the active and inactive forms of the 30 S subunit, using a strategy that is designed to eliminate reversible ion-dependent conformational effects that are unrelated to the heat-dependent Zamir-Elson transition. A combination of structure-specific chemical probes enables us to monitor the accessibility of pyrimidines at N-3 and purines at N-1 and N-7. Chemically modified bases are identified by end-labeling followed by analine-induced strand scission (in some cases preceded by hybrid selection), or by primer extension using synthetic DNA oligomers. These studies show the following: 1. (1) The transition from the active to the inactive state cannot be described as a simple loosening or unfolding of native structure, such as that which is observed under conditions of more severe ion depletion. Instead, it has the appearance of a reciprocal interconversion between two differently structured states; some bases become more reactive toward the probes, whilst others become less reactive as a result of inactivation. 2. (2) Changes in reactivity are almost exclusively confined to the “decoding site” centered at positions 1400 and 1500, but significant differences are also detected at U723 and G791 in the central domain. This may reflect possible structural and functional interactions between the central and 3′ regions of 16 S rRNA. The inactive form also shows significantly decreased reactivity at positions 1533 to 1538 (the Shine-Dalgarno region), in agreement with earlier findings. 3. (3) The principal changes in reactivity involve the universally conserved nucleotides G926, C1395, A1398 and G1401. The three purines show reciprocal behavior at their N-1 versus N-7 positions. G926 loses its reactivity at N-1, but becomes highly reactive at N-7 as a result of the transition of the inactive state. In contrast, A1398 and G1401 become reactive at N-1, but lose their hyper-reactivity at N-7. The possible structural and functional implications of these findings are discussed.
A study of binding-solubilization of some glycolytic enzymes in striated muscle in situ.

The solubilization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glyceralde-hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (aGPDH) was studied in pressed muscle as a function of ionic strength and NADH concentration. The results indicate that these factors affect the binding-solubilization of LDH and GAPDH in a similar way to their effect in dilute homogenized tissue. Alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was included as a typical soluble enzyme, since we have been unable to demonstrate its binding to subcellular fractions under any conditions. As with homogenized tissue, LDH was less susceptible to solubilization by ionic strength than GAPDH. It was demonstrated that LDH isozymes richer in heart-type subunits were more easily removed from muscle by centrifugation-imbibition than isozymes richer in the muscle-type subunits. This was interpreted as indicating that binding of the enzyme to subcellular structures was a major factor in the restricted removal of these enzymes from muscle, since only the muscle-type subunit is capable of binding to subcellular particles. It was further demonstrated that LDH could be taken up into muscle tissue, depleted in the enzyme, against an apparent concentration gradient. This was also interpreted as binding of the enzyme to the particulate structure of the muscle. Furthermore, this uptake of LDH occurred under conditions of ionic strength (0.25) and pH (7.5) that would prevent binding of the enzyme to the particulate fraction of a dilute suspension of homogenized muscle tissue. Thus, physiological conditions of pH and ionic strength do not necessarily induce solubilization of chicken breast muscle LDH in situ. Data obtained with dilute tissue homogenates, therefore, may not necessarily be easily and safely extrapolated to conditions in situ.
Electronic Structure and Biologically Relevant Reactivity of Low-Spin {FeNO}8 Porphyrin Model Complexes: New Insight from a Bis-Picket Fence Porphyrin

Because of HNO’s emerging role as an important effector molecule in biology, there is great current interest in the coordination chemistry of HNO and its deprotonated form, the nitroxyl anion (NO–), with hemes. Here we report the preparation of four new ferrous heme-nitroxyl model complexes, {FeNO}8 in the Enemark–Feltham notation, using three electron-poor porphyrin ligands and the bis-picket fence porphyrin H2[3,5-Me-BAFP] (3,5-Me-BAFP2– = 3,5-methyl-bis(aryloxy)-fence porphyrin dianion). Electrochemical reduction of [Fe(3,5-Me-BAFP)(NO)] (1-NO) induces a shift of ν(N–O) from 1684 to 1466 cm–1, indicative of formation of [Fe(3,5-Me-BAFP)(NO)]− (1-NO–), and similar results are obtained with the electron-poor hemes. These results provide the basis to analyze general trends in the properties of ferrous heme-nitroxyl complexes for the first time. In particular, we found a strong correlation between the electronic structures of analogous {FeNO}7 and {FeNO}8 complexes, which we analyzed using density function...
Elderberry seed oil (Sambucus canadensis L.): preliminary communication

The seed oil of the American elder (S. canadensis L.), like that of other members of this genus on which data are extant, is a drying oil. In so far as present information reveals, it appears that genetic relationships are here qualitatively reflected by biochemical similarities in the fatty oils. Yields of the latter depend upon the nature of the menstruum employed.
A COMPARISON OF THE INTERNATIONAL GONADOTROPIN STANDARDS 1

THE HEALTH ORGANIZATION of the League of Nations has recently established II International Standards, and defined International Units, for the gonadotropins Jl originating in pregnancy urine and in pregnant mare serum (M. 40—April, 1939 and M. 41— M. 41—November, 1939). This development will do much to abolish a deplorable condition which has prevailed in this field, namely the complete lack of uniformity in assay methods and unitage. Since these standards are cer-tain to be widely used, it seemed desirable that information be available as to: a) the actual biologic potency of the international unit of each; b) a comparison of their potencies over a range of dosages; c) a compar-ison of various methods of assay to determine which method best satisfies established criteria. We have recently carried out and reported (1) such a study of the PU gonadotropin; the present study represents a similar investigation of the PMS gonadotropin and makes possible certain compari sons between the two.November, 1939). Thi...
Determinants of migration values and expectations in rural Thailand.

"Based on the argument that values and expectations underlie behavioral motives, this study explores the determinants of migration-related values and expectations, and whether they are intervening factors in explaining intentions to move among residents of rural northeast Thailand. Data from the 1992 National Migration Survey of Thailand identify four migration-related value-expectancy dimensions: income, affiliation, stimulation, and comfort. Logistic regression analysis shows that landownership and being married are associated with higher expectations, while a diversified village economy, a village economy development program, and a younger and extended household structure are associated with lower expectations of attaining valued goals in the local rural village. The analysis also shows that value-expectancy concepts are only partial intervening explanations for intentions to move or stay."
The parametric blowing-up of two-dimensional local domains

Let ( A, M ) be a local Noetherian integral domain of dimension two and X = Spec A . For an ideal I A the graded ring R A ( I ) = n o I n denotes the Rees algebra of A with respect to I . The projective scheme Y = Proj R A ( I ) is called the blowing-up of X (resp. A ) along I . Then there exists a proper mapping : Y X . The preimage Z = 1 ( V ( I )) is called the exceptional fibre. Note that induces an isomorphism
Impulse loading with an electrically exploded etched copper mesh

Abstract An impulse simulation technique for radiation-induced material blowoff on layers internal to reentry body shell structures was explored. Loading is provided by electrically exploding etched copper mesh patterns with a current from a capacitor discharge. Impulse intensities between 150 and 600 Pa · s (1500 and 6000 taps) were produced on an elastic pressure bar which was separated from the mesh by air gaps of 1.27 and 2.54 mm (0.050 and 0.100 in.). This loading technique is relatively easy to use, complements existing methods and should be applicable to many other problems.
On subcritical development of a shear crack in a composite with viscoelastic components

We present results of an investigation of the development of a transverse shear crack in a composite material with linearly viscoelastic components under external shear load. The solution is divided into the following two main stages: determination of the time dependence of the crack tip opening displacement and determination of the crack-growth kinetics as a result of the solution of integral equations. In the first stage, we use the solution of the corresponding elastic problem of determination of the crack opening displacement and the problem of determination of the effective moduli of the composite reinforced with unidirectional discrete fibers. Using the theoretically proved principle of elasto-viscoelastic analogy and the method of Laplace inverse transformation, we obtain a solution in a time domain. In the second stage, using the criterion of critical crack opening displacement for a transverse shear crack and an equation for the viscoelastic crack opening displacement of this crack, we construct an equation of crack growth. We present results of the numerical solution, which illustrate the influence of relations between the relaxation parameters of the materials of the components on the durability of the body with a crack.
The current role of endovascular intervention in the management of diabetic peripheral arterial disease

Poor arterial inflow continues to be a major contributing factor in the failure to heal diabetic foot wounds. Options for revascularization have significantly increased with the development of sophisticated endovascular techniques. However, the application of this technology is variable due to relatively little prospective, randomized data on newer techniques. Further, multiple specialties are capable of performing endovascular interventions and proper referral can be difficult. This article will review the basics of application of endovascular intervention in the diabetic patient with arterial disease and provide a broad understanding of the literature behind the decision-making on appropriate therapy.
Family Relationships and Their Correlations with Transsexual Well–Being

ABSTRACT A convenience sample of 91 self-identified transsexuals of majority age completed questionnaires that assessed the quality of their family relationships, indices of their well-being (life satisfaction and self-esteem), and demographics. The results indicate mostly favorable family relationships, general satisfaction with their lives, and some potential difficulties in areas related to self-esteem. There were significant relationships between higher perceptions of the quality of one's family relationships and healthier levels of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Implications for practice, education, and research are discussed.
Generation of micropatterns of conducting polymers and aluminum using an intermediate-layer lithography approach and some applications

Conducting polymers, because of their promising potential to replace silicon and metals in building devices, have attracted great attention since the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in 1977. Lithographic techniques present significant technical challenges when working with conducting polymers. Sensitivity of conducting polymers to environmental conditions (e.g., air, oxygen, moisture, high temperature, and chemical solutions) makes current photolithographic methods unsuitable for patterning the conducting polymers due to the involvement of wet and/or dry etching processes in those methods. Existing non-photolithographic approaches have limitations in throughput, resolution, or electrical insulation. Therefore, an intermediate-layer lithography (ILL) approach has been recently developed by my group to produce conducting polymer micro/nanostructures. In the ILL method, an intermediate layer of an electrically insulating polymer is coated between the substrate and a layer of the conducting polymer to be printed. Subsequently, the conducting polymer is printed through mold insertion using a hot-embossing process. The current hot-embossing based methods face the obstacles of residual layer and depth of field (i.e., the height variation in the mold structures). In contrast, the ILL approach does not leave a residual layer in the material of interest, making conducting polymer patterns isolated from one another and avoiding the shorting problem in the electrical applications of these patterns. Furthermore, in the ILL, the height variation potentially existing among the mold structures has been transferred to the intermediate layer, ensuring that all patterns in the mold have been properly transferred to the conducting polymer layer. In addition to conducting polymers, the ILL can also be applied to pattern metals as well as other types of polymers. This paper gives a review of this ILL method and reports the results that we have achieved to date, including generation and applications of single and multiple layers of microstructures of conducting polymers and aluminum.
Effects on Substrate Profile by Mutational Substitutions at Positions 164 and 179 of the Class A TEMpUC19 β-Lactamase from Escherichia coli

We investigated the effects of mutations at positions 164 and 179 of the TEMpUC19 β-lactamase on turnover of substrates. The direct consequence of some mutations at these sites is that clinically important expanded-spectrum β-lactams, such as third-generation cephalosporins, which are normally exceedingly poor substrates for class A β-lactamases, bind the active site of these mutant enzymes more favorably. We employed site-saturation mutagenesis at both positions 164 and 179 to identify mutant variants of the parental enzyme that conferred resistance to expanded-spectrum β-lactams by their enhanced ability to turn over these antibiotic substrates. Four of these mutant variants, Arg164 → Asn, Arg164 → Ser, Asp179 → Asn, and Asp179 → Gly, were purified and the details of their catalytic properties were examined in a series of biochemical and kinetic experiments. The effects on the kinetic parameters were such that either activity with the expanded-spectrum β-lactams remained unchanged or, in some cases, the activity was enhanced. The affinity of the enzyme for these poorer substrates (as defined by the dissociation constant, K s) invariably increased. Computation of the microscopic rate constants (k 2 andk 3) for turnover of these poorer substrates indicated either that the rate-limiting step in turnover was the deacylation step (governed by k 3) or that neither the acylation nor deacylation became the sole rate-limiting step. In a few instances, the rate constants for both the acylation (k 2) and deacylation (k 3) of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase were enhanced. These results were investigated further by molecular modeling experiments, using the crystal structure of the TEMpUC19 β-lactamase. Our results indicated that severe steric interactions between the large 7β functionalities of the expanded-spectrum β-lactams and the Ω-loop secondary structural element near the active site were at the root of the low affinity by the enzyme for these substrates. These conclusions were consistent with the proposal that the aforementioned mutations would enlarge the active site, and hence improve affinity.
Runup of the surface waves of various shapes on a sloping beach

In the long-wave approximation, we perform the numerical analysis of the plane problem of runup of waves of various shapes on a sloping beach. We study transformations of the shape of waves flooding the beach and in the course of their subsequent rundown. The dependence of maximum elevations and lowerings of the sea level on the parameters of the waves approaching the beach, the depth of the shelf, and the slope of the bottom are investigated. It is shown that the shape of waves affects the amplitude characteristics of oscillations of the coastline. The heights of the vertical runup of waves incident on a sloping beach can be several times higher than the amplitude of waves entering the shelf zone.
Near-pri: Private, proximity based location sharing

As the ubiquity of smartphones increases we see an increase in the popularity of location based services. Specifically, online social networks provide services such as alerting the user of friend co-location, and finding a user's k nearest neighbors. Location information is sensitive, which makes privacy a strong concern for location based systems like these. We have built one such service that allows two parties to share location information privately and securely. Our system allows every user to maintain and enforce their own policy. When one party, (Alice), queries the location of another party, (Bob), our system uses homomorphic encryption to test if Alice is within Bob's policy. If she is, Bob's location is shared with Alice only. If she is not, no user location information is shared with anyone. Due to the importance and sensitivity of location information, and the easily deployable design of our system, we offer a useful, practical, and important system to users. Our main contribution is a flexible, practical protocol for private proximity testing, a useful and efficient technique for representing location values, and a working implementation of the system we design in this paper. It is implemented as an Android application with the Facebook online social network used for communication between users.
Modeling universal dynamics of cell spreading on elastic substrates

A three-dimensional (3D) multiscale moving contact line model is combined with a soft matter cell model to study the universal dynamics of cell spreading over elastic substrates. We have studied both the early stage and the late stage cell spreading by taking into account the actin tension effect. In this work, the cell is modeled as an active nematic droplet, and the substrate is modeled as a St. Venant Kirchhoff elastic medium. A complete 3D simulation of cell spreading has been carried out. The simulation results show that the spreading area versus spreading time at different stages obeys specific power laws, which is in good agreement with experimental data and theoretical prediction reported in the literature. Moreover, the simulation results show that the substrate elasticity may affect force dipole distribution inside the cell. The advantage of this approach is that it combines the hydrodynamics of actin retrograde flow with moving contact line model so that it can naturally include actin tension effect resulting from actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction, and thus it might be capable of simulating complex cellular scale phenomenon, such as cell spreading or even crawling.
Factors affecting space use overlap by white-tailed deer in an urban landscape

Variation in the size and overlap of space use by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has broad implications for managing deer-human conflicts and disease spread and transmission in urban landscapes. Understanding which factors affect overlap of home range by various segments (i.e., age, sex) of an urban deer population has implications to direct contact between deer on disease epidemiology. We assessed size of home range and overlap of space use using the volume of intersection index (VI) for deer in an urban landscape by sex, age, season, and time of day. We found mean space use was larger for males than for females, for males <3 years old than for males ≥3 years old, and during nocturnal hours compared with diurnal hours. We also identified larger space use by both sexes during the nongrowing than the growing season. Overlap of space use for female and male deer in our urban landscape differed considerably depending on demographic (i.e., age) and environmental variables (i.e., time, season). For example, highest mean VIs occurred between 6-year-old females (mean = 0.51 ± 0.10) and 5-and 6-year-old males (mean = 0.49 ± 0.14); no mean VI was greater than 0.31 between females and males for any age combination. Variation in overlap of space use for urban deer provides new information for managing deer-human conflicts and direct transmission of disease between various segments of a deer population in an urban landscape.