cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ordered spanning sets for quasimodules for Möbius vertex algebras

Abstract Quasimodules for vertex algebras are generalizations of modules for vertex algebras. These new objects arise from a generalization of locality for fields. Quasimodules tie together module theory and twisted module theory, and both twisted and untwisted modules feature Poincare–Birkhoff–Witt-like spanning sets. This paper generalizes these spanning set results to quasimodules for certain Mobius vertex algebras. In particular this paper presents two spanning sets, one featuring a difference-zero ordering restriction on modes and another featuring a difference-one ordering restriction.
The asymptotic form of cosmic structure : Small-scale power and accretion history

We explore the effects of small-scale structure on the formation and equilibrium of dark matter halos in a universe dominated by vacuum energy. We present the results of a suite of four N-body simulations, two with a ΛCDM initial power spectrum and two with WDM-like spectra that suppress the early formation of small structures. All simulations are run into the far future when the universe is 64 h-1 Gyr old, long enough for halos to essentially reach dynamical equilibrium. We quantify the importance of hierarchical merging on the halo mass accretion history, the substructure population, and the equilibrium density profile. We modify the mass accretion history function of Wechsler and coworkers by introducing a parameter, γ, that controls the rate of mass accretion, d ln M/d ln a ∝ a-γ, and find that this form characterizes both hierarchical and monolithic formation. Subhalo decay rates are exponential in time with a much shorter timescale for WDM halos. At the end of the simulations, we find truncated Hernquist density profiles for halos in both the CDM and WDM cosmologies. There is a systematic shift to lower concentration for WDM halos, but both cosmologies lie on the same locus relating concentration and formation epoch. Because the form of the density profile remains unchanged, our results indicate that the equilibrium halo density profile is set independently of the halo formation process.
Introducing Promusicdb: A Professional Music Credits Management System

Ante la incompleta y a veces inexacta informacion musical distribuida a traves de multiples fuentes de datos, se presenta en este articulo el sistema de gestion de creditos (i.e.: todos los participantes en la produccion musical) de musica profesional PROMUSICDB, aun en fase de desarrollo, como una opcion normalizadora de la actual situacion fragmentada y con el objetivo de convertirse en una fuente exhaustiva y centralizada de informacion musical. La produccion de musica profesional se extiende a diferentes aspectos y productos: partituras, grabaciones sonoras, actuaciones en vivo, retransmisiones por radio y television, pero algunos eventos musicales tienen lugar como parte de otro tipo de producciones tales como programas de television o transmisiones de archivos multimedia (podcasts). Actualmente la informacion relativa a toda la variedad de acontecimientos y productos musicales se registra con diferentes grados de detalle: las partituras publicadas y las grabaciones sonoras se catalogan profesionalmente en bases de datos bibliograficas pero los datos relativos al personal participante en un espectaculo en directo suelen aparecer incompletos y en el caso de otro tipo de datos estos se pueden encontrar dispersos en una amplia variedad de fuentes diferentes. El resultado es un panorama informativo en el que identidades, creditos, eventos y producciones son incompletos e inexactos y aparecen inconexos entre si dificultando la busqueda de actividades. ProMusicDB aspira a “atar cabos sueltos” y a ofrecer un esquema normalizado de metadatos. El articulo presenta graficos como un esquema general de la integracion de datos o una explicacion del proceso de extraccion y carga de esos datos. La integracion de esos datos, complementados por un control de identidad digital, apoya la veracidad de las demandas de los usuarios garantizando al mismo tiempo identificadores unicos a las personas, trabajos y acontecimientos. Esta previsto que la base de datos resultante contenga mas de 600.000 nombres y entidades y mas de 28 millones de eventos.
Stochastic Homogenization of Level-Set Convex Hamilton–Jacobi Equations

We present a simple new proof for the stochastic homogenization of quasiconvex (levelset convex) Hamilton-Jacobi equations set in stationary ergodic environments. Our approach, which is new even in the convex case, yields more information about the qualitative behavior of the effective nonlinearity.
Handle positions in a holding task as a function of task height

Six handle positions in a two-handed container holding task were tested with the container at floor, waist and shoulder heights. Fifteen male and fifteen female manual materials handlers participated. Handle-position effects on forces exerted, heart rate and psychophysical indices were large compared with the effect produced by a 25% change in container weight. As in a previous study (at waist height only) and an industrial survey, handle positions providing both horizontal and vertical stability were better than symmetrical positions. Optimal angles of handle to container changed greatly with task height, giving almost horizontal angles at floor level and almost vertical angles at waist and shoulder level. Implications for the design of handle cutouts on containers are discussed
Homotopy ends and Thomason model categories

In the last year of his life, Bob Thomason reworked the notion of a model category, used to adapt homotopy theory to algebra, and used homotopy ends to affirmatively solve a problem raised by Grothendieck: find a notion of model structure which is inherited by functor categories. In this paper we explain and prove Thomason's results, based on his private notebooks. The first half presents Thomason's ideas about homotopy ends and its generalizations. This material may be of independent interest. Then we define Thomason model categories and give some examples. The usual proof shows that the homotopy category exists. In the last two sections we prove the main theorem: functor categories inherit a Thomason model structure, at least when the original category is enriched over simplicial sets and fibrations are preserved by limits.
On the feasibility of applying pattern recognition concepts for an aircraft approach progress monitor

Pattern recognition concepts are investigated as a possible synthesis technique for an aircraft approach progress monitor. Some aircraft state variables are chosen as components of the pattern vector x which represents the state of the aircraft relative to a prescribed set of tolerances. A curve fitting algorithm is used as a method of solution for the required non-linear discriminant function, F(?(x)) = 0. The resultant decision surface is considered to be an adjunct to the pilot's decision process. Simulation results are discussed which indicate a potential application for future system's design.
The Infrared Properties of Hickson Compact Groups

Compact groups of galaxies provide a unique environment to study the mechanisms by which star formation occurs amid continuous gravitational encounters. We present 2MASS (JHK) and Spitzer IRAC (3.5-8 μm) and MIPS (24 μm) observations of a sample of 12 Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs 2, 7, 16, 19, 22, 31, 42, 48, 59, 61, 62, and 90) that includes a total of 45 galaxies. The infrared colors of the galaxies in this sample span a range of parameter space, and some trends are apparent in the data. The near-infrared colors of the sample galaxies are largely consistent with being dominated by slightly reddened normal stellar populations. There is also some evidence for a K-band excess in a few cases, which likely indicates the presence of hot dust at or near the sublimation temperature associated with active galactic nuclei or star formation activity. Galaxies that have the most significant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and/or hot dust emission (as inferred from excess 8 μm flux) also tend to have larger amounts of extinction and/or K-band excess and stronger 24 μm emission, all of which suggest ongoing star formation activity. We separate the 12 HCGs in our sample into three types based on the ratio of the group H I mass to dynamical mass. We find evidence that galaxies in the most gas-rich groups tend to be the most actively star forming. Galaxies in the most gas-poor groups tend to be tightly clustered around a narrow range in colors consistent with the integrated light from a normal stellar population. We interpret these trends as indicating that galaxies in gas-rich groups experience star formation and/or nuclear actively until their neutral gas is consumed, stripped, or ionized. The galaxies in this sample exhibit a "gap" between gas-rich and gas-poor groups in infrared color space that is sparsely populated and not seen in the Spitzer First Look Survey sample. This gap may suggest a rapid evolution of galaxy properties in response to dynamical effects. These results suggest that the global properties of the groups and the local properties of the galaxies are connected.
Imaging Primary Lung Cancers in Mice to Study Radiation Biology

Purpose: To image a genetically engineered mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to measure tumor response to radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: The Cre-loxP system was used to generate primary lung cancers in mice with mutation in K-ras alone or in combination with p53 mutation. Mice were serially imaged by micro-CT, and tumor volumes were determined. A comparison of tumor volume by micro-CT and tumor histology was performed. Tumor response to radiation therapy (15.5 Gy) was assessed with micro-CT. Results: The tumor volume measured with free-breathing micro-CT scans was greater than the volume calculated by histology. Nevertheless, this imaging approach demonstrated that lung cancers with mutant p53 grew more rapidly than lung tumors with wild-type p53 and also showed that radiation therapy increased the doubling time of p53 mutant lung cancers fivefold. Conclusions: Micro-CT is an effective tool to noninvasively measure the growth of primary lung cancers in genetically engineered mice and assess tumor response to radiation therapy. This imaging approach will be useful to study the radiation biology of lung cancer.
Dynamic projection on feshbach molecules: a probe of pairing and phase fluctuations.

We describe and justify a simple model for the dynamics associated with rapid sweeps across a Feshbach resonance, from the atomic to the molecular side, in an ultracold Fermi system. The model allows us to relate the observed molecule momentum distribution to equilibrium properties of the initial state. In particular, the dependence of the total molecule number on the sweep rate is found to be a sensitive probe of pairing in the initial state, whether condensed or not. This can be used to establish the presence of a phase fluctuation induced ``pseudogap'' phase in these systems.
Elementary totally disconnected locally compact groups

We identify the class of elementary groups: the smallest class of totally disconnected locally compact second countable (t.d.l.c.s.c.) groups that contains the profinite groups and the discrete groups, is closed under group extensions of profinite groups and discrete groups, and is closed under countable increasing unions. We show this class enjoys robust permanence properties. In particular, it is closed under group extension, taking closed subgroups, taking Hausdorff quotients, and inverse limits. A characterization of elementary groups in terms of well-founded descriptive-set-theoretic trees is then presented. We conclude with three applications. We first prove structure results for general t.d.l.c.s.c. groups. In particular, we show a compactly generated t.d.l.c.s.c. group decomposes into elementary groups and topologically characteristically simple groups via group extension. We then prove two local-to-global structure theorems: Locally solvable t.d.l.c.s.c. groups are elementary and [A]-regular t.d.l.c.s.c. groups are elementary.
Lipoprotein lipase in cultured heart cells: characteristics and cellular location.

Abstract Lipase activity extracted from cultured neonatal rat heart cells was characterized and identified as lipoprotein lipase. Enzyme activity was stimulated by human apoC-II and rat serum; serum stimulation was prevented by human apoC-I and apoC-III. Lipolysis was maximal at pH 8.0 and was inhibited by protamine sulfate, NaCl and high concentrations of heparin. About 50% of heart cell lipase activity applied to heparin-Sepharose bound to the gel and was eluted with a NaCl gradient. A peak of lipase activity was observed at 0.84 M NaCl. Neonatal rat heart cells in culture are a mixture of muscle and non-muscle cells. To determine the cellular location of the lipoprotein lipase, enzyme activity and muscle cell content of the cultures were determined. Myosin ATPase was used as an index of muscle cell content since ATPase specific activity correlated (r = +0.97) with muscle cell content determined immunofluorescently. When muscle cell content of cultures was decreased or increased by differential plating, lipase specific activity was constant. Moreover, lipase specific activity was constant during culture growth despite a decrease in muscle cell content. It was concluded that lipoprotein lipase activity of cultured heart cells is not associated solely with either muscle or non-muscle cells.
Investment-specific technological change and labor composition: Evidence from the U.S. manufacturing

Abstract This paper examines the impact of investment-specific technological change on labor composition in U.S. manufacturing industries from 1974 to 1994. I show that investment-specific technological change increases the relative demand of non-production workers to production workers, while TFP growth does not change labor composition. Moreover, I find that the demand of skilled labor is stronger in the durable goods sector whereas the deskilling effect is stronger in the non-durable goods sector.
Topical Protectant Evaluation by FT-IR Spectroscopy:

A unique analytical method for evaluating the effectiveness of topical protectants against penetration by chemical agents has been developed with the use of FT-IR and the horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory. A template was designed which allowed a uniform-thickness layer of topical protectant to be applied to the surface of the ATR crystal. A chemical challenge was applied to the template filled with topical protectant, and spectra were recorded with the use of standard GC software on a Nicolet 60SXB FT-IR spectrometer fitted with an MCT-A detector. Analysis of the recorded spectra identified how much time was required for the chemical challenge to break through the topical protectant barrier. The method was validated with the use of polysaturated fat, petroleum jelly, and hexafluoropropylene epoxide polymer as topical protectants. These materials were challenged with liquid ethyl disulfide. The detection threshold concentration for ethyl disulfide in the topical protectant was observed to be 0.5% (w/w). With a barrier thickness of 0.45 mm, the breakthrough times were observed to be 5.0 min and 22.0 min for polysaturated fat and petroleum jelly. The fluoropolymer showed no breakthrough after 60 min.
Functional interpretation and inductive definitions

Extending Godel's Dialectica interpretation, we provide a functional interpretation of classical theories of positive arithmetic inductive definitions, reducing them to theories of finite-type functionals defined using transfinite recursion on well-founded trees.
Computer simulations and theory of protein translocation.

The translocation of proteins through pores is central to many biological phenomena, such as mitochondrial protein import, protein degradation, and delivery of protein toxins to their cytosolic targets. Because proteins typically have to pass through constrictions that are too narrow to accommodate folded structures, translocation must be coupled to protein unfolding. The simplest model that accounts for such co-translocational unfolding assumes that both translocation and unfolding are accomplished by pulling on the end of the polypeptide chain mechanically. In this Account, we describe theoretical studies and computer simulations of this model and discuss how the time scales of translocation depend on the pulling force and on the protein structure. Computationally, this is a difficult problem because biologically or experimentally relevant time scales of translocation are typically orders of magnitude slower than those accessible by fully atomistic simulations. For this reason, we explore one-dimensiona...
A bound for orderings of Reidemeister moves

Author(s): Gold, Julian | Abstract: We provide an upper bound on the number of ordered Reidemeister moves required to pass between two diagrams of the same link. This bound is in terms of the number of unordered Reidemeister moves required.
ALARM: Anonymous Location-Aided Routing in Suspicious MANETs

In most common mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) scenarios, nodes establish communication based on long-lasting public identities. However, in some hostile and suspicious settings, node identities must not be exposed and node movements should be untraceable. Instead, nodes need to communicate on the basis of their current locations. While such MANET settings are not very common, they do occur in military and law enforcement domains and require high security and privacy guarantees. In this paper, we address a number of issues arising in suspicious location-based MANET settings by designing and analyzing a privacy-preserving and secure link-state based routing protocol (ALARM). ALARM uses nodes' current locations to securely disseminate and construct topology snapshots and forward data. With the aid of advanced cryptographic techniques (e.g., group signatures), ALARM provides both security and privacy features, including node authentication, data integrity, anonymity, and untraceability (tracking-resistance). It also offers protection against passive and active insider and outsider attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive study of security, privacy, and performance tradeoffs in the context of link-state MANET routing.
Relativistic quantum dynamics and quantum noise in short-wavelength free-electron lasers

A novel relativistic quantum theory of the free-electron laser is formulated using the Dirac equation. It is shown that the theory has the correct classical limit. It is predicted that for two-stage free-electron lasers, quantum noise can be comparable to the classical noise due to the thermal spread of the beam or the random initial distribution of electrons in phase.
The most convenient method for the preparation of aliphatic cryptands

Abstract An important new one-step method for the preparation of aliphatic cryptands from available oligoethyleneoxydiamines and ditosylates is reported.
Single-input/multi-output strategies for floor vibration control

Research continues in exploring active control techniques to calm resonant floor vibrations. In this research, an electro- magnetic proof-mass actuator is used to deliver the control force in a single-input/multi-output control strategy. With the intent of improving the stability characteristics and the effectiveness of the SISO controller, the relative actuator mass displacement and the actuator mass velocity are added to the floor velocity output used in prior research by the author. Three separate performance indices are developed and implemented to illustrate their particular usefulness in designing an output feedback scheme for controlling pedestrian induced floor motion. The multi-output scheme has been shown analytically to further reduce steady-state acceleration amplitudes by a factor of 7 over the single-output scheme.
Comparing analyses of unbalanced split-plot experiments

Several procedures for constructing confidence intervals and testing hypotheses about fixed effects in unbalanced split-plot experiments have previously been presented and discussed by Remmenga and Johnson. They recommended a few of the procedures they considered as useful and reliable procedures. Since the advent of the SAS® MIXED procedure, mixed model analyses with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of the variance components are easily accessible to researchers. This paper compares the analysis of unbalanced split-plot experiments using mixed model procedures with REML estimates of the variance components to the previously established procedures by means of additional simulation studies.
Microwave generation and trapping of acetylketene

Microwave heating of 1 efficiently generates acetylketene (2) which reacted in situ with a range of alcohols, aldehydes and trifluoroacetophenone, giving products in high isolated yields.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the molecular structures of phosphabenzene and arsabenzene partially oriented in a nematic solvent

Abstract The molecular structures of phosphabenzene and arsabenzene partially oriented in the nematic liquid crystal crystal EBBA were studied by NMR. The structures were in excellent agreement with the combined electron diffraction and microwave spectroscopic studies except the angle relating to the β hydrogens. Improved values for this parameter were suggested. The absolute signs of the J PH of phosphabenzene and some information on the 31 P chemical shift anisotropies were also obtained.
THE QUASAR ACCRETION DISK SIZE–BLACK HOLE MASS RELATION*

We use the microlensing variability observed for 11 gravitationally lensed quasars to show that the accretion disk size at a rest-frame wavelength of 2500 A is related to the black hole mass by log(R 2500/cm) = (15.78 ± 0.12) + (0.80 ± 0.17)log(M BH/109 M ☉). This scaling is consistent with the expectation from thin-disk theory (R M 2/3 BH), but when interpreted in terms of the standard thin-disk model (T R –3/4), it implies that black holes radiate with very low efficiency, log(η) = –1.77 ± 0.29 + log(L/L E), where . Only by making the maximum reasonable shifts in the average inclination, Eddington factors, and black hole masses can we raise the efficiency estimate to be marginally consistent with typical efficiency estimates (η 10%). With one exception, these sizes are larger by a factor of ~4 than the size needed to produce the observed 0.8 μm quasar flux by thermal radiation from a thin disk with the same T R –3/4 temperature profile. While scattering a significant fraction of the disk emission on large scales or including a large fraction of contaminating line emission can reduce the size discrepancy, resolving it also appears to require that accretion disks have flatter temperature/surface brightness profiles.
Credit market imperfections, income distribution, and capital accumulation

This paper builds a model in which the distribution of income matters for capital formation, and uses it to analyze the effects of a simple policy intended to create a more equal distribution of income on the severity of certain credit market imperfections and, through this channel, capital accumulation. A neoclassical growth model is developed in which some capital investment must be externally financed, and external finance is subject to a standard costly state verification (CSV) problem. In particular, some fraction of the population is “capitalists”, who have access to risky but high return capital production technologies. Successful capitalists leave bequests to their offspring, thereby permitting them to internally finance some fraction of their own investment projects. However some external finance is also required. This is provided by “workers” who save out of labor income. As is well known, the greater the capability of capitalists to provide internal finance, the less severe is the CSV problem. Thus bequests mitigate credit market frictions and, in that sense, promote financial market efficiency and capital accumulation. However, they also perpetrate income inequality. The structure is used to show that a policy that taxes the bequests of capitalists, and transfers the proceeds to workers, necessarily reduces the steady state capital stock. Indeed, when this effect is sufficiently strong, these redistributive tax/transfer schemes can reduce the total (wage plus transfer) incomes of workers, as well as their welfare. Thus some simple policies intended to redistribute income can be highly counterproductive.
Scaling of near-wall turbulence in pipe flow

New measurements of the streamwise component of the turbulence intensity in a fully developed pipe flow at Reynolds numbers up to 145 000 indicate that the magnitude of the near-wall peak is invariant with Reynolds number in location and magnitude. The results agree with previous pipe flow data that have sufficient spatial resolution to avoid spatial filtering effects, but stand in contrast to similar results obtained in boundary layers, where the magnitude of the peak displays a prominent Reynolds number dependence, although its position is fixed at the same location as in pipe flow. This indicates that the interaction between the inner and outer regions is different in pipe flows and boundary layers.
A Polynomial-Time Algorithm to Approximate the Mixed Volume within a Simply Exponential Factor

Let K=(K 1,…,K n ) be an n-tuple of convex compact subsets in the Euclidean space R n , and let V(⋅) be the Euclidean volume in R n . The Minkowski polynomial V K is defined as V K (λ 1,…,λ n )=V(λ 1 K 1+⋅⋅⋅+λ n K n ) and the mixed volume V(K 1,…,K n ) as $$V(K_{1},\ldots,K_{n})=\frac{\partial^{n}}{\partial\lambda_{1}\cdots\partial \lambda_{n}}V_{\mathbf{K}}(\lambda_{1},\ldots,\lambda_{n}).$$ Our main result is a poly-time algorithm which approximates V(K 1,…,K n ) with multiplicative error e n and with better rates if the affine dimensions of most of the sets K i are small. Our approach is based on a particular approximation of log (V(K 1,…,K n )) by a solution of some convex minimization problem. We prove the mixed volume analogues of the Van der Waerden and Schrijver–Valiant conjectures on the permanent. These results, interesting on their own, allow us to justify the abovementioned approximation by a convex minimization, which is solved using the ellipsoid method and a randomized poly-time time algorithm for the approximation of the volume of a convex set.
Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression during differentiation of neuroblastoma cells

Abstract Differentiation of N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells into neuron-like cells, with extension of neurites and acquisition of excitable membranes, can be induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We have found this differentiation to be accompanied by an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA, an increase disproportionate to changes in mRNAs for other measured, non-neuron-specific genes. The mRNA increases slowly over several days and falls gradually after removal of DMSO. Nuclear run-on studies suggest that a change in the rate of transcription cannot explain the increase in steady-state mRNA levels. TH mRNA half-life does, however, increase. This suggests that regulation is exerted in this case not at the level of transcription but rather at that of mRNA stability.
The approach to thermal equilibrium in quantized chaotic systems

We consider many-body quantum systems that exhibit quantum chaos, in the sense that the observables of interest act on energy eigenstates like banded random matrices. We study the time-dependent expectation values of these observables, assuming that the system is in a definite (but arbitrary) pure quantum state. We induce a probability distribution for the expectation values by treating the zero of time as a uniformly distributed random variable. We show explicitly that if an observable has a non-equilibrium expectation value at some particular moment, then it is overwhelmingly likely to move towards equilibrium, both forwards and backwards in time. For deviations from equilibrium that are not much larger than a typical quantum or thermal fluctuation, we find that the time dependence of the move towards equilibrium is given by the Kubo correlation function, in agreement with Onsager's postulate. These results are independent of the details of the system's quantum state.
Synthesis of a potential forskolin A-B ring precursor by tandem Michael-Aldol reactions

Abstract Tricyclic lactone 4 was produced in one step from acetoacetate 6 which was prepared from α-ionone.
Distribution of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Rat Intestinal Epithelium

Corticosteroids influence intestinal function.Glucocorticoid receptors are present in cytosol of small intestinal mucosa of normal and steroid depleted adult rats.We examined the distribution of cytoplasm ic glucocorticoid receptor proteins in small intesti nal villous and crypt cells using the technique of Weiser to separate cells into 6 fractions.Fraction 1 was highly enriched in villous tip cells and fraction 6 in crypt cells. Alkaline phosphatase,sucrase and 3H-Thymidine incorporation were used to monitor the composition of each fraction.Steroid cytosol receptor activity was measured in each fraction using 3H-dexamethasone and a standard charcoal adsorption technique In normal rats receptor activity was detected in all fractions but was significantly greater in fraction 6 than in fraction 1(p<0.005).These data suggest that cytoplasmic corticosteroid receptors in normal rats have higher binding activity in crypt cells than in villous tip cells. Corticosteroid hormones may influen ce immature crypt cells more than mature villous tip cells in normal rats since glucocorticoid receptor activity is substantially higher in crypt dells.
Design of a universal logic block for fault-tolerant realization of any logic operation in trapped-ion quantum circuits

This paper presents a physical mapping tool for quantum circuits, which generates the optimal universal logic block (ULB) that can, on average, perform any logical fault-tolerant (FT) quantum operations with the minimum latency. The operation scheduling, placement, and qubit routing problems tackled by the quantum physical mapper are highly dependent on one another. More precisely, the scheduling solution affects the quality of the achievable placement solution due to resource pressures that may be created as a result of operation scheduling, whereas the operation placement and qubit routing solutions influence the scheduling solution due to resulting distances between predecessor and current operations, which in turn determines routing latencies. The proposed flow for the quantum physical mapper captures these dependencies by applying (1) a loose scheduling step, which transforms an initial quantum data flow graph into one that explicitly captures the no-cloning theorem of the quantum computing and then performs instruction scheduling based on a modified force-directed scheduling approach to minimize the resource contention and quantum circuit latency, (2) a placement step, which uses timing-driven instruction placement to minimize the approximate routing latencies while making iterative calls to the aforesaid force-directed scheduler to correct scheduling levels of quantum operations as needed, and (3) a routing step that finds dynamic values of routing latencies for the qubits. In addition to the quantum physical mapper, an approach is presented to determine the single best ULB size for a target quantum circuit by examining the latency of different FT quantum operations mapped onto different ULB sizes and using information about the occurrence frequency of operations on critical paths of the target quantum algorithm to weigh these latencies. Experimental results show an average latency reduction of about 40 % compared to previous work.
Twisted Radio Waves and Twisted Thermodynamics

We present and analyze a gedanken experiment and show that the assumption that an antenna operating at a single frequency can transmit more than two independent information channels to the far field violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Transmission of a large number of channels, each associated with an angular momenta ‘twisted wave’ mode, to the far field in free space is therefore not possible.
FLAT CONNECTIONS FOR CHARACTERS IN IRRATIONAL CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY

Following the paradigm on the sphere, we begin the study of irrational conformal field theory (ICFT) on the torus. In particular, we find that the affine-Virasoro characters of ICFT satisfy heatlike differential equations with flat connections. As a first example, we solve the system for the general g/h coset construction, obtaining an integral representation for the general coset characters. In a second application, we solve for the high-level characters of the general ICFT on simple g, noting a simplification for the subspace of theories which possess a nontrivial symmetry group. Finally, we give a geometric formulation of the system in which the flat connections are generalized Laplacians on the centrally extended loop group.
The Degree of Natriuretic Peptide System Activation in Stable and High Risk Chf Characterized by Increased Cystatin C Is Not Reflected in cGMP Activation

Background Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is characterized by neurohumoral activation, sodium retention, ventricular dysfunction and congestion, and renal insufficiency (RI). The congestive heart failure (CHF) component evolves from asymptomatic, to stable symptomatic to overt symptomatic CHF. The natriuretic peptide system (NPS), including atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides is progressively activated during progression of CHF. Less is known about the second messenger, cGMP, of the NPS across the spectrum of CHF. RI in CHF remains an important clinical challenge and Cystatin C is emerging as an important marker of RI. Further work is needed in characterizing Cystatin C across the spectrum of CHF and CRS.
(Salen)chromium(III)/DMAP: An efficient catalyst system for the selective synthesis of 5-substituted oxazolidinones from carbon dioxide and aziridines

(Salen)chromium(III)/DMAP was found to be an active catalyst system for the coupling of CO2 and aziridines. The oxazolidinone products were produced in high yield and selectivity from the opening of the aziridine at the most substituted N−C bond. This catalyst system worked well for a wide variety of monosubstituted N-aryl and N-alkyl aziridines as well as a 2,3-disubstituted N-alkyl aziridine.
Perturbative renormalization for overlap fermions

Abstract Using lattice overlap fermions, we have computed the 1-loop renormalization factors of several operators that measure DIS structure functions and weak amplitudes. Computer codes written in the algebraic manipulation language FORM have been used. The improvement of the operators is also discussed.
The interaction of water with solid surfaces: Fundamental aspects

Abstract The purpose of this review is to compare and discuss recent experimental and theoretical results in the field of H2O-solid interactions. We emphasize studies of low (submonolayer) coverages of water on well-characterized, single-crystal surfaces of metals, semiconductors and oxides. We discuss the factors which influence dissociative versus associative adsorption pathways. When H2O adsorbs molecularly, it tends to form three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded clusters, even at fractional monolayer coverages, because the strength of the attractive interaction between two molecules is comparable to that of the substrate-H2O bond. The template effect of the substrate is important in determining both the local orientation and long-range order of H2O molecules in these clusters. The influence of surface additive atoms (e.g., O, Br, Na, K) and also surface imperfections (e.g. steps and defects) on the surface structure and chemistry of H2O is examined in detail. Some results on single-crystal substrates are compared with earlier measurements of H2O adsorption on high-area materials.
Recent Developments in Quantum Vacuum Energy for Confined Fields

Quantum vacuum energy entered hadronic physics through the zero-point energy parameter introduced into the bag model. Estimates of this parameter led to apparent discordance with phenomenological fits. More serious were divergences which were omitted in an ad hoc manner. New developments in understanding Casimir self-stresses, and the nature of surface divergences, promise to render the situation clearcut.
Electrostatic potential of a homogeneously charged square and cube in two and three dimensions

Abstract A closed form of the electrostatic potential of a homogeneously charged cube is derived by integration. The exact result is compared with multipole expansions for the exterior and interior of the cube. The electrostatic potential of a homogeneously charged square in two-dimensional electrostatics is also determined.
Swimming speeds of filaments in nonlinearly viscoelastic fluids

Many micro-organisms swim through gels and non-Newtonian fluids in their natural environments. In this paper, we focus on micro-organisms which use flagella for propulsion. We address how swimming velocities are affected in nonlinearly viscoelastic fluids by examining the problem of an infinitely long cylinder with arbitrary beating motion in the Oldroyd-B fluid. We solve for the swimming velocity in the limit in which deflections of the cylinder from its straight configuration are small relative to the radius of the cylinder and the wavelength of the deflections; furthermore, the radius of the cylinder is small compared to the wavelength of deflections. We find that swimming velocities are diminished by nonlinear viscoelastic effects. We apply these results to examine what types of swimming motions can produce net translation in a nonlinear fluid, comparing to the Newtonian case, for which Purcell’s “scallop” theorem describes how time-reversibility constrains which swimming motions are effective. We find that a leading order violation of the scallop theorem occurs for reciprocal motions in which the backward and forward strokes occur at different rates.
The solar meridional circulation and sunspot cycle variability

We have measured the meridional motions of the magnetic elements in the Sun's surface layers since 1996 and find systematic and substantial variations. In general the meridional flow speed is fast at cycle minima and slow at cycle maxima. We find that these systematic variations are characterized by a weakening of the meridional flow on the poleward sides of the active (sunspot) latitudes. This can be interpreted as an inflow toward the sunspot zones superimposed on a more general poleward meridional flow profile. We also find variations in the meridional flow which vary from cycle to cycle. The meridional flow was slower at both the minimum and maximum of cycle 23 compared to similar phases of cycles 21, 22, and 24. Models of the magnetic flux transport by a variable meridional flow suggest that it can significantly modulate the size and timing of the following sunspot cycle through its impact on the Sun's polar magnetic fields. We suggest that the meridional flow variations observed in cycle 23 contributed to the weak polar fields at the end of the cycle which then produced a weak cycle 24 and the extraordinary cycle 23/24 minimum.
Walking and resting blood pressure in adults: A Meta-analysis

Abstract Background. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of walking on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. Methods. A total of 24 primary outcomes from 16 studies and 650 subjects (410 exercise, 240 control) met the criteria for inclusion: (1) randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, (2) walking as the only intervention, (3) subjects apparently sedentary, (4) adult humans ≥18 years of age, (5) English-language studies published between January 1966 and December 1998, (6) resting blood pressure assessed, (7) training studies ≥4 weeks. Results. Using a random effects model, statistically significant decreases of approximately 2% were found for both resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic, x ± SEM = −3 ± 1 mm Hg , 95% confidence interval: −5 to −2 mm Hg; diastolic, x ± SEM = −2 ± 1 mm Hg , 95% confience interval: −3 to −1 mm Hg). Conclusion. Walking exercise programs reduce resting blood pressure in adults.
Securely Obfuscating Re-Encryption

We present a positive obfuscation result for a traditional cryptographic functionality. This positive result stands in contrast to well-known impossibility results (Barak et al. in Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO’01, 2002), for general obfuscation and recent impossibility and implausibility (Goldwasser and Kalai in 46th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), pp. 553–562, 2005) results for obfuscation of many cryptographic functionalities. Whereas other positive obfuscation results in the standard model apply to very simple point functions (Canetti in Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO’97, 1997; Wee in 37th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), pp. 523–532, 2005), our obfuscation result applies to the significantly more complex and widely-used re-encryption functionality. This functionality takes a ciphertext for message m encrypted under Alice’s public key and transforms it into a ciphertext for the same message m under Bob’s public key. To overcome impossibility results and to make our results meaningful for cryptographic functionalities, our scheme satisfies a definition of obfuscation which incorporates more security-aware provisions.
Local discrete symmetry in the brane neighborhood

Abstract With the ansatz that there exist local or global discrete symmetries in the special branes' neighborhoods, we can construct the extra dimension models with only zero modes, or the models which have large extra dimensions and arbitrarily heavy KK modes because there is no simple relation between the mass scales of extra dimensions and the masses of KK states. In addition, the bulk gauge symmetry and supersymmetry can be broken on the special branes for all the modes, and in the bulk for the zero modes by local and global discrete symmetries. To be explicit, we discuss the supersymmetric SU (5) model on M 4 × S 1 / Z 2 in which there is a local Z 2 ′ symmetry in the special 3-brane neighborhood along the fifth dimension.
Research directions in beyond CMOS computing

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors has identified five promising research directions in beyond CMOS computing technology that are discussed here. Alternate state variables beyond electronic charge are introduced. Momentum and spin relaxation times for electrons in GaAs are calculated and show that magnetic systems are less strongly coupled to the thermal environment than systems based on electronic charge.
Serendipitous Discovery of a Cluster of Galaxies with a Peculiar Central Galaxy

We report the serendipitous discovery of a cluster of galaxies at z = 0.369. Thirty-eight candidate members were identified based on rough broadband photometric redshifts, and three members were confirmed spectroscopically. The brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) is exceptionally blue, with B-V = 0.12 and V-I = 1.02. The surface-brightness profile of the BCG follows an r1/4 law profile out to 3'' in all three bands. The effective radius is significantly smaller in bluer bandpasses, resulting in a blue core and a color gradient opposite to the metallicity-induced color gradient observed in typical elliptical galaxies. Beyond 3'', an extended envelope of emission in excess of the r1/4 law profile is observed, the position angle of which coincides with the major axis of the galaxy cluster. The spectrum of the BCG contains strong Balmer absorption, a minimal 4000 A break, and a broad Mg II emission line, suggesting that the galaxy has undergone recent star formation and may harbor a central active galactic nucleus. The presence of numerous nearby bright stars makes this cluster an interesting target for next-generation adaptive optics using natural guide stars.
Effects of in-medium vector meson masses on low-mass dileptons from SPS heavy-ion collisions

Abstract Using a relativistic transport model to describe the expansion of the fire-cylinder formed in the initial stage of heavy-ion collisions at SPS/CERN energies, we study the production of dileptons with a mass below about 1 GeV from these collisions. The initial hadron abundance and their momentum distributions in the fire-cylinder are determined by following the general features of the results from microscopic models based on the string dynamics and further requiring that the final proton and pion spectra and rapidity distributions are in agreement with available experimental data. For dilepton production, we include the Dalitz decay of π 0 , η, η′, ω and a 1 mesons, the direct decay of primary ϱ 0 , ω and φ mesons, and the pion-pion annihilation that proceeds through the ϱ 0 meson, the pion-rho annihilation that proceeds through the a 1 meson, and the kaon-antikaon annihilation that proceeds through the φ meson. We find that the modification of vector meson properties, especially the decrease of their mass due to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry, in hot and dense hadronic matter, provides a quantitative explanation of the recently observed enhancement of low-mass dileptons by the CERES collaboration in central S+Au collisions and by the HELIOS-3 collaboration in central S+W collisions.
A reexamination of evanescent acoustic-gravity waves: Special properties and aeronomical significance

[1] Acoustic-gravity wave relations indicate that when wave frequency and horizontal wave number approach the characteristic curve-delineating gravity and acoustic solutions, the horizontal group velocity and Eckart's characteristic impedance become infinite and wave energy E vanishes. It is shown that this behavior is equivalent to assuming incorrectly that wave energy is the same function of vertical wave number for internal and evanescent waves. When the correct form of E for evanescent waves is used, the energy flow velocity U defined in terms of the energy flux Fx = EU is bounded by the sound speed, impedance is bounded by values near unity, and E does not vanish. For waves near the Lamb-wave solution, the dominant dynamical control of the vertically integrated airglow response is the horizontal divergence. The only significant long-lived evanescent response following an excitation event should be near the Lamb curve, and here the horizontal divergence is largest for small-scale high-frequency waves. The transient response is strongest for those waves that disperse least: waves with long-horizontal wavelengths and waves not too far from the Lamb and Brunt-Vaisala (BV) curves. Wave properties are well behaved near the characteristic curve and solutions are linked at the common intersection of the Lamb and BV curves implying that waves should be able to transfer energy from one regime to the other in response to background variations. Nonisothermal calculations show that when lapse rates are large enough waves that are at least partially internal can exist at all frequencies.
Optimal three-burn orbit transfer

Abstract : This report presents an optimal three burn solution to a class of orbit transfer problems requiring large changes in orbital inclination. A nonlinear programming algorithm was used in conjunction with a simplified trajectory simulation, which used Keplerian orbit transfers and impulsive velocity increments. A number of parametric results were obtained using the simplified simulation. The validity of the simplified simulation was established for specific vehicle configurations with finite burns and oblate earth effects included. The effect of multiple stage rockets has also been treated.
MHD simulations of the magnetosheath

Ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the dayside magnetosheath are reported. The calculations show a depletion layer near the magnetopause and a new stagnation flow structure. The stagnation flow appears to be a generalization of the stagnation line for ideal MHD. For Mach numbers typical of the solar wind at the Earth, there is no evidence of the slow mode waves recently observed, but for low Mach numbers prominent slow mode waves are seen in the magnetosheath.