cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitization and Antibody Formation after Injection of Tubercle Bacilli and Paraffin Oil.

Conclusions1. The addition of paraffin oil to killed tubercle bacilli promotes sensitization and antibody-formation in both guinea pigs and rabbits. 2. In rabbits, killed tubercle bacilli incorporated in paraffin oil produce sensitization and antibody-formation with greater intensity than BCG. 3. Twenty months after the injection of killed tubercle bacilli in paraffin oil into guinea pigs, evidence of sensitization still persists and complement-fixing antibody is present in the serum.
Determination of aluminium content in various types of food by spectrophotometric method of the tetra-component micellar with microwave digestion

Objective:To establish a general method for monitoring the content of aluminum in various types of food,so as to popularize and apply this method in testing organizations at the grass-roots level at this stage.Methods:The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion,then in the buffer solution,aluminum ions reacted with Chrome azurol S,Polyethylene glycol Octyl p-ether(OP),and Bromo-16 alkyl pyridine(CPB) to produce blue tetra-component micellar,the absorbance of the reaction solution was detected at wavelength of 620 nm for quantitative analysis.Results:The regression equation of the method was Mx = 6.006 × 10-3 + 0.1687 × X,r = 0.9998;the coefficient of variation(RSD) of parallel determination of 6 repeated measurement of different samples was between 1.64%～6.77%;the average recovery rate of 6 parallel determination of three different doses were 98.0%,100.7%,100.6%,respectively.Conclusion:The method was accurate for determination of the content of aluminium in various types of food,it should be popularized and applied.
12 CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR ON ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY

Increased endothelial permeability is involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered to be a major permeability increasing cytokine. On the other hand, VEGF is known to have beneficial effect on endothelial cells (EC), increasing their survival. In most cases barrier-disruptive properties of VEGF were observed at rather high concentrations, while lower concentrations induce cell migration and proliferation. We found that 10 ng/mL VEGF significantly improved barrier properties of cultured human pulmonary artery EC (HPAEC), as indicated by transendothelial resistance measurement (20 ± 2.6% increase, p
Spontaneous Regression of Histologically Proved Pulmonary Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case with 5-Year Followup

Spontaneous regression of biopsy proved metastatic renal cell carcinoma is rare. We describe a 39-year-old man who had histologically proved metastatic disease to the lungs after nephrectomy. The lesions had spontaneously regressed 3 months later. The patient remained without evidence of recurrence 5 years after diagnosis.
Variable expression of IL-1β has minimal effect on the radiation sensitivity of three human glioma cell lines

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) has been reported to act as a radioprotector in vivo. Data from our laboratory and from other investigators suggest that glioma cell lines can produce bioactive cytokines including IL-1 and also express IL-1 receptors. In view of the putative radioprotective effect of this cytokine, we have examined the in vitro radiosensitivity of three human glioma cell lines with widely varying levels of endogenous IL-1 beta. The data reveal that when irradiated (2 Gy/min) as confluent cultures (conditions optimal for differential IL-1 beta expression), and plated for colony formation after postirradiation holding, cell survival was not correlated with level of IL-1 beta mRNA expression in the two IL-1-expressing cell lines. However, this was not correlated with a further reduction in radiosensitivity. These data indicate that IL-1 beta does not act as an endogenous radioprotector in these cells under these experimental conditions.
Primary immunodeficiency diseases.

Rare individuals, experiments of nature who suffer the often devastating consequences of a congenital defect within the immune system, have served to teach us much of what we know today about the complex immune response of man (36,39,54). From a careful study of them and their diseases, together with related studies in the laboratory, we have learned, for example, that there are two major and quite separate arms making up the immune system of man and animals. These two basic components are now known as (1) cell-mediated immunity (CMI), or the T-cell (T for thymus derived) system, and (2) humoral immunity, or the B-cell (bone marrow or bursa-derived) system.
Ethics and Nostalgia in the Contemporary Novel: Appeasing an embittered history: trauma and nationhood in the writings of Achebe and Soyinka

The struggle to redefine a purportedly lost national ēthos , discussed in the previous chapter in relation to the British estate novel, is apparent in various forms throughout the contemporary Anglophone world. It is complicated in many postcolonial contexts, however, because national boundaries were typically imposed by colonial powers without any regard to traditional tribal, ethnic, or cultural affiliations. Particularly among African nations, the articulation of a precolonial solidarity cast in national and/or continental terms has been crucial to independence movements. At the same time, the nostalgia underlying many nationalist narratives has encouraged the idea that a national homeland is the special provenance of a particular people. The civil strife, war, and genocide that have characterized so much of postcolonial Africa testify to the dangers of such claims. The 1994 genocide of an estimated 800,000 Rwandan Tutsis and moderate Hutus provides only one graphic example of a connection between nostalgia and what Reed Way Dasenbrock calls “a politics of genocide.” Dasenbrock's assertion points to a nagging possibility that has haunted African political theorists, activists, and artists alike since the 1960s: namely, that the past provides a source not of inspiration and guidance but of trauma. The idea that the colonial encounter inculcates a kind of collective trauma subsequently replayed in the postcolonial context was articulated as early as the 1950s by the Martinique-born psychiatrist Frantz Fanon, whose work during the French-Algerian war led him to diagnose a variety of psychic disorders resulting from colonial policies.
Post-permanency discontinuity: A longitudinal examination of outcomes for foster youth after adoption or guardianship

Abstract For over two decades, federal policies and case practices in child welfare have shifted to prioritize legal permanence for children in foster care, and increasing numbers of children have been placed in permanent adoptive or guardianship homes. Despite this change, little research has examined the long-term stability of legally permanent adoptive and guardianship homes for former foster youth. This study used child welfare administrative records to track a population of 51,576 children in Illinois who exited foster care through adoption or guardianship for ten years or until the age of majority. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to describe the population, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was estimated to examine the relationship between child age and discontinuity, controlling for several pre-placement characteristics. Results indicated that the vast majority (87%) of children did not experience post-permanency discontinuity. In addition, African American children and children who had more moves in foster care had a higher hazard of discontinuity, while children placed with siblings and children who spent three or more years in foster care had a lower hazard of discontinuity. Study findings also indicated that prevention efforts should be targeted at families with adolescents. This study contributes significantly to the scant literature on long-term outcomes for adoptive and guardianship families, and suggests several areas for future research.
In Their Own Words: The Experiences of Mothers in the Federal Civil Service

It is generally agreed that women’s mass entry into the labor force has been accompanied by high levels of stress for working mothers (Becker 2013; Hochshild 1989; Slaughter 2012). Family-friendly workplace policies are often touted as one means to mitigate such stress. This article examines the use of these policies by mothers employed in the federal civil service. It employs a qualitative interview-based approach to document the impact these policies have on the lives of public service women. It finds that the policies play a significant and positive role in enabling civil service mothers to balance their work and family obligations. It further finds that the 40-hour work week culture of the federal government also plays a positive role in supporting the work/life balance these women seek. However, the article finds that the only way to penetrate the glass ceiling is to forego the very policies and work hours that these women find so helpful. This limits the career advancement of the civil service mothers studied here.
“Scudding in Towards Dublin”: Joyce Studies and the Online Mapping Dubliners Project

In this chapter, Jasmine Mulliken uses digital technology to help readers explore more fully than ever the historical and geographical references in Dubliners. Mulliken examines the triumphs as well as the limitations of her online Mapping Dubliners Project, a project she developed in 2010 to provide readers with an interactive map of every location and route referenced and represented in Joyce’s work. She suggests that the visual nature of the cartographic medium of her project can inspire new historical readings of Joyce’s stories and can generate digital-age discussion about Joyce’s work in the twenty-first century. To be sure, her chapter anticipates a vision of digital humanities that “both reveres the past and celebrates current and future technological literary exploration.”
Chemical Synthesis of (+)-Ryanodine and (+)-20-Deoxyspiganthine

(+)-Ryanodine is a natural product modulator of ryanodine receptors, important intracellular calcium ion channels that play a critical role in signal transduction leading to muscle movement and synaptic transmission. Chemical derivatization of (+)-ryanodine has demonstrated that certain peripheral structural modifications can alter its pharmacology, and that the pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester is critical for high affinity binding to ryanodine receptors. However, the structural variation of available ryanodine analogues has been limited by the challenge of site-specific functionalization of semisynthetic intermediates, such as (+)-ryanodol. Here we report a synthetic strategy that provides access to (+)-ryanodine and the related natural product (+)-20-deoxyspiganthine in 18 and 19 steps, respectively. A key feature of this strategy is the reductive cyclization of an epoxide intermediate that possesses the critical pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester. This approach allows for the direct introduction of this ester in the final stage of the synthesis and provides a framework for the synthesis of previously inaccessible synthetic ryanoids.
Daughters Learning from Fathers: Migrant Family Literacies that Mediate Borders

Scholarship in literacy and composition studies has demonstrated the significance of family literacy practices, especially as they relate to educational experiences and achievement. Often, the literacies of migrant and refugee families are considered in terms of conflict: conflict within families, and between families and institutions. This article seeks to illuminate spaces where migrant family literacies inspire positive relations, specifically in daughter-father interactions. In this ethnographic study of Hmong women, I show that literacy alters traditional relationships between fathers and daughters, reframes disempowering gender dynamics, and supports daughters’ access to public realms. These literate interactions have lasting effects throughout daughters’ lives as they pursue education, professions, and political advocacy opportunities.
Review: The Parthenon Enigma: A New Understanding of the West's Most Iconic Building and the People Who Made It, by Joan Breton Connelly

Joan Breton Connelly The Parthenon Enigma: A New Understanding of the West's Most Iconic Building and the People Who Made It New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014, 485 pp., 8 color and 132 b/w illus. $35, ISBN 9780307593382 The title of this book suggests that its purpose is to present a comprehensive view of the Parthenon in context, and to this end it constructs throughout summaries of the history and interpretation of the Acropolis, especially of the Parthenon. Six of the volume's ten chapters are general treatments of a variety of issues surrounding the Acropolis and the Parthenon. The prologue introduces the Parthenon and the purpose of the book. Chapters 1–3 present the geography and historical development of the Acropolis and a biography of Perikles. The heart of the book and its major contribution, the final articulation of Joan Breton Connelly's 1996 reinterpretation of the east frieze of the Parthenon, is established in detail in chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7.1 The prologue and chapters 1–7 are my focus in this review. The final two pieces, chapter 8 and the epilogue, are tangential, presenting the legacy of the Parthenon, including Elgin's removal of the Parthenon sculptures from Greece and brief comments on the possibility of their repatriation, on the design of the new Acropolis Museum, and on the modern-day issue of cultural property. The prologue offers a brief presentation of various historical understandings of the Parthenon and introduces the essential questions to be addressed in the book. Perhaps most important, it emphasizes the centrality of the “relationship of dead heroes and heroines to the rites of remembrance at the Panathenaic Festival” (xxiii). Chapter 1, “The Sacred Rock,” introduces the most basic context of the Parthenon, the physical characteristics and natural environment of the Acropolis, and describes how the local mythological tradition that shaped later Athenian consciousness grew out of the surrounding landscape and expressed itself in myths and monuments. The chapter explores how the geography of Attica and the myths and memories that resided in it were …
The Role of Self-Interest in Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations

Werhane challenges the arguments of leading economists, including Milton Friedman, that Smith extols the virtue of self-interest above other virtues, especially in the marketplace. Werhane is careful to explain that for Smith self-interest is a complex notion referring variously to (a) the object of a person’s interests which may be interests in others, in sports, in history, etc. and (b) a person’s interests in herself as the object of her interests. Moreover, this complex self-interest is by no means invariably a vice such as greed or avarice; a self-interested person could simply be someone who was not particularly interested in others without any necessity to consider harming them. In a marketplace setting, or at least in contexts wherein free exchanges may take place, a position that Smith clearly defends against overregulation and feudalism, each of us will be interested in our personal well-being. But Smith cautions that the market works, and works well, only if we (i) treat each other fairly, (ii) engage in fair competition, and (iii) avoid monopolies.
Evolution of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex viruses.

Viruses in the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serocomplex, are geographically widely dispersed. They display a variety of epidemiological and ecological characteristics that depend largely on the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with which they have become associated following divergence and dispersal from their presumed African or Asian ancestors. As will be shown, molecular phylogenetic analysis of these viruses indicates that they are monophyletic and strongly suggests that their evolutionary lineage appeared after the first divergence of the Aedes spp.-associated mosquito-borne flaviviruses. In this sense therefore, they can be considered recent descendants of the Aedes spp.-associated viruses, and descriptions of their dissemination worldwide need to take this into account. Moreover, separate phylogenies based on different genes of a single species are not always congruent implying the possibility of genetic recombination within these species. This paper will explore the evolutionary relationships of these viruses, their origins and their possible dispersal patterns after diverging from the Aedes spp.-associated mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
More than a biomarker: the systemic consequences of heparan sulfate fragments released during endothelial surface layer degradation (2017 Grover Conference Series).

Advances in tissue fixation and imaging techniques have yielded increasing appreciation for the glycosaminoglycan-rich endothelial glycocalyx and its in vivo manifestation, the endothelial surface layer (ESL). Pathological loss of the ESL during critical illness promotes local endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, organ injury. Glycosaminoglycan fragments, such as heparan sulfate, are released into the plasma of animals and humans after ESL degradation and have thus served as a biomarker of endothelial injury. The development of state-of-the-art glycomic techniques, however, has revealed that these circulating heparan sulfate fragments are capable of influencing growth factor and other signaling pathways distant to the site of ESL injury. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the local (i.e. endothelial injury) and systemic (i.e. para- or endocrine) consequences of ESL degradation and identifies opportunities for future, novel investigations.
Self-diffusion in alpha and gamma iron

The self-diffusion coefficients for alpha and gamma iron have been measured from 720 to 1357°C. The data approximately obey Dα = 2.3 × 103 e−73200/RT and Dγ = 5.8 e−74200/RT, although there is evidence for curvature of the log D vs. 1/T plot for alpha iron. An appreciable grain size effect was noted.
Neurointervention and the Endocrinologist: Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling

Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is a major advance in the medical management of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Using this selective catheterization technique, it was possible to sample ACTH output centrally and peripherally and later even lateralize ACTH production. IPSS has continued to gain wide acceptance and now it is internationally considered the gold standard for diagnosing CD. This chapter will explain IPSS including its applications, limitations, techniques, complications, and cost-effectiveness. It behooves all physicians involved in the medical management of CS to better understand this procedure.
Can We Reliably Predict a Clinical Complete Response in Rectal Cancer? Current Trends and Future Strategies

Prediction of clinical complete response is pivotal in the management of patients with rectal cancer. The ability to determine tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer might guide subsequent treatment modalities. We review the current literature on predictors of complete response after neoadjuvant for rectal cancer with an emphasis of clinical complete response rather than pathological complete response. Clinical and radiological findings have been used to predict response, as well as a myriad of biomarkers. There is limited evidence validating most of these strategies. The role of imaging in defining tumor response has been assessed retrospectively. The TRIGGER trial is a randomized trial that will evaluate stratified management of rectal cancer based on their tumor regression grade. The management of locally advanced rectal cancer is evolving. The ability to predict clinical complete response in patients that have undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiation will allow us to select potential patients that can benefit from a “watch and wait” strategy. Identifying patients that will have a complete response will result in decreased surgical overtreatment, favoring organ-sparing strategies. Treatment individualization will require further research. Emphasis should be made in validating prediction markers; these should be cost-effective and of minimally invasive retrieval. Surveillance protocols to assess for tumor regrowth are yet to be determined.
Gene expression profiling of the SCN in young and old rhesus macaques

In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the location of a master circadian pacemaker. It receives photic signals from the environment via the retinal hypothalamic tract, which play a key role in synchronizing the body's endogenously generated circadian rhythms with the 24-h rhythm of the environment. Therefore, it is plausible that age-related changes within the SCN contribute to the etiology of perturbed activity-rest cycles that become prevalent in humans during aging. To test this hypothesis, we used gene arrays and quantitative RT-PCR to profile age-related gene expression changes within the SCN of male rhesus macaques - a pragmatic translational animal model of human aging, which similarly displays an age-related attenuation of daytime activity levels. As expected, the SCN showed high expression of arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calbindin and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (NR1D1) (also known as reverse strand of ERBA (REV-ERBα), both at the mRNA and protein level. However, no obvious difference was detected between the SCNs of young (7-12 years) and old animals (21-26 years), in terms of the expression of core clock genes or genes associated with SCN signaling and neurotransmission. These data demonstrate the resilience of the primate SCN to normal aging, at least at the transcriptional level and, at least in males, suggest that age-related disruption of activity-rest cycles in humans may instead stem from changes within other components of the circadian system, such as desynchronization of subordinate oscillators in other parts of the body.
GPR40 is a low-affinity epoxyeicosatrienoic acid receptor in vascular cells

Endothelium-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have numerous vascular activities mediated by G protein-coupled receptors. Long-chain free fatty acids and EETs activate GPR40, prompting us to investigate the role of GPR40 in some vascular EET activities. 14,15-EET, 11,12-EET, arachidonic acid, and the GPR40 agonist GW9508 increase intracellular calcium concentrations in human GPR40-overexpressing HEK293 cells (EC50 = 0.58 ± 0.08 μm, 0.91 ± 0.08 μm, 3.9 ± 0.06 μm, and 19 ± 0.37 nm, respectively). EETs with cis- and trans-epoxides had similar activities, whereas substitution of a thiirane sulfur for the epoxide oxygen decreased the activities. 8,9-EET, 5,6-EET, and the epoxide hydrolysis products 11,12- and 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids were less active than 11,12-EET. The GPR40 antagonist GW1100 and siRNA-mediated GPR40 silencing blocked the EET- and GW9508-induced calcium increases. EETs are weak GPR120 agonists. GPR40 expression was detected in human and bovine endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells, and arteries. 11,12-EET concentration-dependently relaxed preconstricted coronary arteries; however, these relaxations were not altered by GW1100. In human ECs, 11,12-EET increased MAP kinase (MAPK)-mediated ERK phosphorylation, phosphorylation and levels of connexin-43 (Cx43), and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), all of which were inhibited by GW1100 and the MAPK inhibitor U0126. Moreover, siRNA-mediated GPR40 silencing decreased 11,12-EET-induced ERK phosphorylation. These results indicated that GPR40 is a low-affinity EET receptor in vascular cells and arteries. We conclude that epoxidation of arachidonic acid to EETs enhances GPR40 agonist activity and that 11,12-EET stimulation of GPR40 increases Cx43 and COX-2 expression in ECs via ERK phosphorylation.
Radiation safety of outpatient therapy in patients receiving high-dose Sm-153-EDTMP treatment: A prospective study

2027 Objectives: To prospectively assess the radiation safety of outpatient therapy for an upcoming high-dose (30 mCi/kg, ≤ 2800 mCi) Sm-153-EDTMP protocol, using exposure measurements from low-dose (1 mCi/kg) therapy patients. Methods: Post-injection exposure rate measurements at 1 meter, R (mR/h), obtained from 13 patients were divided by the administered activities, A (mCi), to estimate an actual post-administration exposure rate constant for Sm-153-EDTMP, E (mR/mCi-h). To assess delayed same-day outpatient release, assuming a 12:00 noon dose administration, 4-hour and 6-hour activity retentions were estimated from 0 to 48-hour whole-body time-activity curves in 6 patients. Results: The range of measured R values was 0.80 to 1.47 mR/h, for values of A ranging from 44.7 to 100.3 mCi. The calculated value for E (average ± standard deviation [range]) was 0.015 mR/mCi-h ± 0.002 [0.011 – 0.020], corresponding to an attenuation of 67.4%, compared to the published value of 0.046 mR/mCi-h. In addition, there was a good correlation of R versus A (R = 0.015 mR/mCi-h × A, correlation coefficient r = 0.70). There were mild correlations of decreasing E versus body mass (M, kg), and surface area (BSA, m^2) (E = -6.52E-05 × M + 0.020, r = -0.47, and E = -0.005 × BSA + 0.024, r = -0.45, respectively). The calculated retentions were 65.5 % ± 6.9 [61.2 - 72.9] at 4 h, and 61.6 % ± 6.4 [53.1 - 68.3] at 6 h. Conclusions: Based upon a maximum Sm-153 exposure rate for patient release with instructions of 30 mR/h (NRC Regulatory Guide 8.39), these results suggest immediate patient release would be safe for up to approximately 1977 mCi ± 302. Delayed release at 4 h and 6 h would be possible for up to 3041 mCi ± 569 and 3188 mCi ± 577, respectively. Thus, from a radiation safety perspective, a high-dose Sm-153-EDTMP protocol with a maximum administered dose of 2800 mCi is feasible as an outpatient therapy with patient release at 4 h post-administration.
Computer technology competencies perceived as needed by vocational and technical teachers in malaysia

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the perceived competencies, importance, and educational needs in computer technology among vocational and technical teachers in Malaysia. The study was also to investigate the relationship among the selected demographics characteristic of vocational and technical teachers in Malaysia with perceived computer technology educational needs. A survey was conducted. The population studied involved Malaysian full-time vocational and technical high school teachers (N = 284) employed by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia, during the 2003–2004 academic year. Two hundred and eighty-four teachers from nine vocational and technical schools were selected to participate in this study. Data were gathered via a mailed questionnaire and the questionnaire consisted two parts that measured the teachers' perceived importance and competence, and demographic information on the sample. The study showed that over 50% of the Malaysian vocational and technical teachers had not had formal computer technology training. Only 63% of the Malaysian vocational and technical teachers had a bachelor's degree or higher. The lowest computer technology educational needs of Malaysia vocational and technical teachers were computer operating skills. Media communication and telecommunication were the top two areas of educational needs among the eight domains of computer technology. The educational needs increased when the computer technology skills were more complicated. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, years of teaching, and having a computer at home had low to negligible relationships with computer technology educational needs. Teachers' degree held and computer technology educational experiences had negligible to low relationship with educational needs.
A guide to nucleic acid detection by single-molecule kinetic fingerprinting

Conventional methods for detecting small quantities of nucleic acids require amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which necessitates prior purification and introduces copying errors. While amplification-free methods do not have these shortcomings, they are generally orders of magnitude less sensitive and specific than PCR-based methods. In this review, we provide a practical guide to a novel amplification-free method, single-molecule recognition through equilibrium Poisson sampling (SiMREPS), that provides both single-molecule sensitivity and single-base selectivity by monitoring the repetitive interactions of fluorescent probes to immobilized targets. We demonstrate how this kinetic fingerprinting filters out background arising from the inevitable nonspecific binding of probes, yielding virtually zero background signal. As practical applications of this digital detection methodology, we present the quantification of microRNA miR-16 and the detection of the mutation EGFR L858R with an apparent single-base discrimination factor of over 3 million.
Clinical Indications for Mammography in Men and Correlation With Breast Cancer.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between presenting clinical symptoms and imaging findings in men with breast cancer. Method and Materials Four hundred twenty-nine male patients who presented for mammography at one institution between January 2004 and December 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Of the 429 patients, 291 presented with clinical symptoms for diagnostic mammography. The presenting clinical symptoms in 291 patients were recorded and correlated with imaging and histopathologic findings. Results Two hundred ninety-one male patients were included. Some presented with multiple symptoms, for a total of 318 clinical symptoms. One hundred and ninety (65%) men presented with palpable abnormalities, 44 (15%) with nonfocal pain, 31 (11%) with breast swelling, 14 (5%) with breast enlargement, 13 (4%) with focal pain, 7 (2%) with skin changes, 6 (2%) with nipple discharge/changes and 13 (4%) with other symptoms (itching, throbbing and breast heaviness). A total of 290 patients underwent mammography and 176 underwent sonography. Forty-one malignancies were diagnosed, of which 24 (59%) were invasive ductal carcinoma. Nipple changes/discharge had a 100% positive predictive value for malignancy while breast pain showed a 0% positive predictive value. Fifty-two patients showed either a mass or a focal asymmetry on mammography, of which 38 (73%) were malignant. Three patients (1%) without a mass or focal asymmetry were diagnosed with malignancy. Conclusion Correlating clinical symptoms and imaging findings can help with timely and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer in men. Nipple discharge/changes and skin changes with palpable abnormalities and mammographic findings of masses and focal asymmetries were associated with breast cancer. Pain, breast enlargement, and breast swelling were unlikely to be associated with malignancy
Properties of single-channel and whole cell Cl- currents in guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle cells

Multiple types of Cl− channels regulate smooth muscle excitability and contractility in vascular, gastrointestinal, and airway smooth muscle cells. However, little is known about Cl− channels in de...
The Effect of Personalization in Longer-Term Robot Tutoring

The benefits of personalized social robots must be evaluated in real-world educational contexts over periods of time longer than a single session to understand their full potential to impact learning outcomes. In this work, we describe a personalization system designed for longer-term personalization that orders curriculum based on an adaptive Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that evaluates students’ skill proficiencies. We present a study investigating the effectiveness of this system in a five-session interaction with a robot tutor, taking place over the course of 2 weeks. Our system is evaluated in the context of native Spanish-speaking first-graders interacting with a social robot tutor while completing an English Language Learning educational task. Participants either received lessons: (1) ordered by our adaptive HMM personalization system which selects a lesson based on a skill that the individual participant needs more practice with (“personalized condition”) or (2) ordered randomly from among the lessons the participant had not yet seen (“non-personalized condition”). We found that participants who received personalized lessons from the robot tutor outperformed participants who received non-personalized lessons on a post-test by 2.0 standard deviations on average, corresponding to a mean learning gain in the 98th percentile.
Using PIK3CB and connexin-43 inhibition to sensitize pediatric glioblastoma cells to temozolomide.

e13572Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common high grade gliomas in pediatric patients, accounting for 2.8% of central nervous system tumors. Standard of care for glioblastoma incl...
Detecting Fake News on Social Media

Abstract In the past decade, social media has become increasingly popular for news consumption due to its easy access, fast dissemination, and low cost. However, social media also enables the wide ...
“Achievement Gap” Language Affects Teachers’ Issue Prioritization:

The term “achievement gap” is regularly used to describe between-group differences in educational outcomes. However, critics of the term argue that it implies the problem is merely one of student p...
E Pluribus Unum: Impact Entrepreneurship as a Solution to Grand Challenges

Insufficiency of research and theory on the relationship between entrepreneurship and grand challenges means that we know little about who engages and what repertoires of actions they take to tackle socioenvironmental challenges that transcend firms, markets, and nations, and what sorts of solutions they create. Drawing on the five articles featured in this symposium-and focusing especially on their protagonists or actors, the actions these actors take, and their achievements-we begin to conceptualize an impact entrepreneurship perspective. Following the tenet of e pluribus unum ("out of many, one") and adhering to the doctrine that diverse, decentralized human effort can improve the world, our impact entrepreneurship perspective refers to the development of solutions to grand challenges, in a financially, socially, and environmentally sustainable fashion. All in all, then, this symposium provides a starting point to discuss, conceptualize, study, interpret, and enrich our understanding of impact entrepreneurship and collective action to address grand challenges.
The Evolving Role of Professional Societies in International Collaboration: Partners for Progress and Prosperity

The chemistry enterprise is evolving, becoming increasingly multidisciplinary and global. The roles of societies that support the chemistry profession must also evolve and adapt. Traditional roles for professional societies have included sharing research, providing access to information and technologies, and supporting education excellence. Global challenges now provide sister international societies with opportunities to collaborate on: 1) improving the public image of chemistry, 2) identifying and supporting global job opportunities as markets shift, and 3) promoting diversity and inclusion to accelerate progress. Moreover, societies can work together to foster sustainable development by tackling grand challenges to provide clean water, affordable energy, zero hunger, and much more. Sister society collaboration on such challenges, as reflected in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, is the basis for the American Chemical Society's new Chemistry Enterprise Partnerships. Professional societies can truly help transform our world by partnering for progress and prosperity.
An investigation into maternal use of telegraphic input to children with Down syndrome

Maternal input influences language development in children with Down syndrome (DS) and typical development (TD). Telegraphic input, or simplified input violating English grammatical rules, is controversial in speech–language pathology, yet no research to date has investigated whether mothers of children with DS use telegraphic input. This study investigated the quality of linguistic input to children with DS compared to age-matched children with TD, and the relationship between maternal input and child language abilities. Mothers of children with DS simplified their input in multiple ways, by using a lower lexical diversity, shorter utterances, and more telegraphic input compared to mothers of children with TD. Telegraphic input was not significantly correlated with other aspects of maternal input or child language abilities. Since children with DS demonstrate specific deficits in grammatical compared to lexical abilities, future work should investigate the long-term influence of maternal telegraphic input on language development in children with DS.
Imputing Missing Social Media Data Stream in Multisensor Studies of Human Behavior

The ubiquitous use of social media enables researchers to obtain self-recorded longitudinal data of individuals in real-time. Because this data can be collected in an inexpensive and unobtrusive way at scale, social media has been adopted as a “passive sensor” to study human behavior. However, such research is impacted by the lack of homogeneity in the use of social media, and the engineering challenges in obtaining such data. This paper proposes a statistical framework to leverage the potential of social media in sensing studies of human behavior, while navigating the challenges associated with its sparsity. Our framework is situated in a large-scale in-situ study concerning the passive assessment of psychological constructs of 757 information workers wherein of four sensing streams was deployed - bluetooth beacons, wearable, smartphone, and social media. Our framework includes principled feature transformation and machine learning models that predict latent social media features from the other passive sensors. We demonstrate the efficacy of this imputation framework via a high correlation of 0.78 between actual and imputed social media features. With the imputed features we test and validate predictions on psychological constructs like personality traits and affect. We find that adding the social media data streams, in their imputed form, improves the prediction of these measures. We discuss how our framework can be valuable in multimodal sensing studies that aim to gather comprehensive signals about an individual's state or situation.
Antibacterial activity of iron oxide, iron nitride, and tobramycin conjugated nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Novel methods are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Being the most common infectious species of the Pseudomonas genus, P. aeruginosa is the primary Gram-negative etiology responsible for nosocomial infections. Due to the ubiquity and high adaptability of this species, an effective universal treatment method for P. aeruginosa infection still eludes investigators, despite the extensive research in this area. We report bacterial inhibition by iron-oxide (nominally magnetite) nanoparticles (NPs) alone, having a mean hydrodynamic diameter of ~ 16 nm, as well as alginate-capped iron-oxide NPs. Alginate capping increased the average hydrodynamic diameter to ~ 230 nm. We also investigated alginate-capped iron-oxide NP-drug conjugates, with a practically unchanged hydrodynamic diameter of ~ 232 nm. Susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the NPs, NP-tobramycin conjugates, and tobramycin alone were determined in the PAO1 bacterial colonies. Investigations into susceptibility using the disk diffusion method were done after 3 days of biofilm growth and after 60 days of growth. MIC of all compounds of interest was determined after 60-days of growth, to ensure thorough establishment of biofilm colonies. Positive inhibition is reported for uncapped and alginate-capped iron-oxide NPs, and the corresponding MICs are presented. We report zero susceptibility to iron-oxide NPs capped with polyethylene glycol, suggesting that the capping agent plays a major role in enabling bactericidal ability in of the nanocomposite. Our findings suggest that the alginate-coated nanocomposites investigated in this study have the potential to overcome the bacterial biofilm barrier. Magnetic field application increases the action, likely via enhanced diffusion of the iron-oxide NPs and NP-drug conjugates through mucin and alginate barriers, which are characteristic of cystic-fibrosis respiratory infections. We demonstrate that iron-oxide NPs coated with alginate, as well as alginate-coated magnetite–tobramycin conjugates inhibit P. aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation in established colonies. We have also determined that susceptibility to tobramycin decreases for longer culture times. However, susceptibility to the iron-oxide NP compounds did not demonstrate any comparable decrease with increasing culture time. These findings imply that iron-oxide NPs are promising lower-cost alternatives to silver NPs in antibacterial coatings, solutions, and drugs, as well as other applications in which microbial abolition or infestation prevention is sought.
Producing flow in racetrack atom circuits by stirring

We present a study of how macroscopic flow can be produced in Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a ``racetrack'' potential by stirring with a wide rectangular barrier. This potential consists of two half-circle channels separated by straight channels of length $L$ and reduces to a ring potential if $L=0$. We present the results of a flow-production study where racetrack condensates were stirred with a barrier under varying conditions of barrier height, stir speed, racetrack geometry, and temperature. The result was that stirring was readily able to produce flow in ring and nonring geometries but that the exact amount of flow produced depended on all of the study parameters. We therefore investigated the mechanism by which flow was produced in the stirring process. The basic mechanism that we discovered was that when the sweeping barrier potential height reached a critical value a series of phase slip (i.e., a sudden change in the phase winding around the condensate midtrack) events occurred. Phase slipping stopped when the flow produced overtook the speed of the stirring barrier. Disturbances generated at each phase slip circulated around the channel and served to convert the initially localized velocity distribution into smooth macroscopic flow. This picture of the mechanism for making flow should facilitate the design of closed-channel atom circuits for creating a desired amount of quantized smooth flow on demand.
Messaging mask wearing during the COVID-19 crisis: Ideological differences

As the U.S. Government works to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, messaging is important in getting individuals to comply with public health recommendations, especially as the response from the public seems to be polarized along partisan and ideological lines. Using a recent Centers for Disease Control recommendation of wearing facemasks, I use Regulatory Focus Theory to predict that conservatives will be more responsive to messages related to promotion, while liberals are more responsive to messages related to prevention. Using a pre-registered experimental design, I find no evidence that prevention messages influence attitudes toward mask wearing. Promotion messages, however, cause conservatives to become less supportive of mask wearing, in contrast to theoretical predictions. These findings suggest that, related to messaging about mask wearing, strong ideological differences do not emerge related to the focus of the message.
Collaborative Language Systems: Engaging High-Risk Adolescent Fathers

This paper applies Collaborative Language Systems (CLS) theory to programs working with high-risk adolescent fathers. Research shows that many barriers prevent these fathers from meaningfully engaging in intervention programs due to a variety of tangible (e.g., lack of transportation, variable employment schedules) and intangible (e.g., poor family-of-origin relationships, discord with child’s mother, history of trauma, perceived stigma) factors. In order to engage and retain fathers, intervention programs need to address these barriers by understanding the needs and cultural values of fathers, creating open and nonjudgmental spaces, and building relationships rather than solely administering curricula. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how CLS principles provide a particularly relevant framework to reduce engagement barriers for this population. Using examples from interviews with n = 27 high-risk adolescent fathers (19–27 years of age, 93% racial or ethnic minority) who participated in fathering programming, this paper shows how CLS provides a theoretical foundation for addressing barriers and working alongside fathers. Several aspects of CLS emerged through thematic coding, which suggest that creating a sense of belonging through non-judgmental spaces and fostering open group dynamics characterized by equality motivated fathers’ engagement in fathering programming. This paper adds to the meager research on theoretically grounded and effective methods for engaging fathers in parenting programs.
Dental Variation in Megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): Tooth Metrics Correlate with Body Size and Tooth Proportions Reflect Phylogeny

Variation in the dentition yields insight into the evolutionary history of Mammalia. However, to date, there has been limited research on the dental variation in Pteropodidae, a family of bats found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Most species are large, diurnal, non-echolocating, and eat fruit or nectar. Pteropodids are of significant concern in conservation due to rapidly declining populations resulting from habitat loss, climate change, and their impacts on agriculture and disease. We collected dental metrics from the mandibular postcanine teeth of 101 pteropodid specimens spanning six species within the family to test three hypotheses: H1) dental metrics are significantly different across pteropodid species; H2) variation in pteropodid dental metrics is associated with variation in body size; and H3) variation in pteropodid dental proportions is associated with phylogenetic relatedness. We find that dental linear metrics vary significantly across pteropodids and are significantly associated with body size. In contrast, dental proportions of pteropodids reflect phylogenetic relationships. We propose that the combination of approaches for quantifying postcanine dental variation can elucidate and refine our understanding of the various selective forces that shaped the Pteropodidae radiation.
Analysis of epigenetic aging in vivo and in vitro: Factors controlling the speed and direction.

The mechanism of aging is not yet fully understood. It has been recognized that there are age-dependent changes in the DNA methylation pattern of the whole genome. To date, there are several DNA me...
EPA’s Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)

People have asked questions in recent years concerning the effects that certain chemicals may have on the endocrine system of humans and wildlife. Laboratory studies have produced evidence that show various chemicals disrupt the endocrine systems of animals. Other evidence has shown that the endocrine systems of certain fish and wildlife species have been affected by chemical contaminants. Do some of these same chemical contaminants also affect the human endocrine system? Do pesticides cause these effects? The relationship between human diseases of the endocrine system and exposure to environmental contaminants is poorly understood and controversial. This 2-page fact sheet discusses the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) screening program for potential effects to the endocrine system caused by pesticide exposure. Written by F.M. Fishel, and published by the UF Department of Agronomy, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi227