cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The −180 Site of the IL-2 Promoter Is the Target of CREB/CREM Binding in T Cell Anergy

Anergic T cells display a marked decrease in their ability to produce IL-2 even in the presence of optimal TCR and costimulatory signals. Using IL-2 enhancer/promoter-driven reporter constructs, we have previously identified a region that appears to be a target for cis transcriptional repression in anergy. This region of the promoter, which shares partial homology with a consensus AP-1-binding sequence, is located about -180 bp from the transcriptional start site. In the present study, we demonstrate that cAMP response element-binding protein/cAMP response element modulator (CREB/CREM), activating transcription factor-2/c-Jun, and Jun-Jun/Oct complexes bind to this site. However, the induction of anergy by prolonged stimulation through the TCR led to an increase in binding of only the CREB/CREM complex. Furthermore, the level of binding of this complex appeared to be up-regulated in both resting and restimulated anergic T cells. Finally, an IL-2 promoter-driven reporter construct that contained a mutation that specifically reduced the binding of the CREB/CREM complex displayed a decreased ability to be affected by anergy, while a construct that contained a mutation that decreased the binding of the Jun-Jun/Oct complex was still susceptible to anergy. These findings suggest that the -180 region of the IL-2 promoter is the target of a CREB/CREM transcriptional inhibitor that contributes to the repression of IL-2 production in T cell anergy.
Relevance of cooperative lattice effects and stress fields in phase-separation theories for CMR manganites

Previous theoretical investigations of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials explain this effect using a "clustered" state with preformed ferromagnetic islands that rapidly align their moments with increasing external magnetic fields. While qualitatively successful, explicit calculations indicate drastically different typical resistivity values in two- and three-dimensional lattices, contrary to experimental observations. This conceptual bottleneck in the phase-separated CMR scenario is resolved here considering the cooperative nature of the Mn-oxide lattice distortions. This effectively induces power-law correlations in the quenched disorder used in toy models with phase competition. When these effects are incorporated, resistor-network calculations reveal very similar results in two and three dimensions, qualitatively modifying previous scenarios and solving the puzzle.
Interpretation of Extinction in Gaussian-Beam Scattering

The extinction efficiency for the interaction of a plane wave with a large nonabsorbing spherical particle is approximately 2.0. When a Gaussian beam of half-width w(sub 0) is incident upon a spherical particle of radius a with w(sub 0)/a less than 1, the extinction efficiency attains unexpectedly high or low values, contrary to intuitive expectations. The reason for this is associated with the so-called compensating term in the scattered field, which cancels the field of the Gaussian beam behind the particle, thereby producing the particle's shadow. I introduce a decomposition of the total exterior field into incoming and outgoing portions that are free of compensating terms. It is then shown that a suitably defined interaction efficiency has the intuitively expected asymptotic values of 2.0 for w(sub 0)/a much greater than 1 and 1.0 for w(sub 0)/a much less than 1.
Right ventricular angiotensin converting enzyme activity and expression is increased during hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

Objective: To determine whether local cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expression is upregulated during the development of hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: ACE activity was measured in membrane preparations from the right ventricle and left ventricle plus septum in normoxic rats and animals exposed to chronic hypoxia for 8 and 14 days. Local cardiac ACE expression was studied by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to ACE (9B9). Results: In the normal rat heart, ACE expression was confined to vascular endothelium, the valvular endocardium, and localized regions of parietal endocardium. We found that the development of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy were associated with 2.6- and 3.4-fold increases in membrane-bound right ventricular ACE activity by 8 and 14 days of hypoxia, respectively. Right ventricular ACE activity was positively correlated with the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy ( r =0.83, P <0.001). In contrast, left ventricular plus septal ACE activity was significantly reduced by approximately 40 and 60% by 8 and 14 days of hypoxia, respectively, compared to controls. In the right ventricle of chronically hypoxic rats, immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased ACE expression in areas of myocardial fibrosis. Interestingly, increased ACE expression was noted in the right ventricular epicardium in chronically hypoxic rats. In the free wall of the left ventricle there was a significant reduction in the number of myocardial capillaries which expressed ACE in chronically hypoxic rats. Conclusion: Chronic hypoxia has a differential effect on left and right ventricular ACE activity and that the sites of altered ACE expression are highly localized. We speculate that locally increased right ventricular ACE activity and expression may play a role in the pathogenesis of right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Endovascular procedures with CTA and MRA roadmapping.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Prior to interventional neuroradiology procedures, many patients undergo noninvasive studies such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The ability to use these studies during invasive neuroangiographic procedures reduces additional contrast and radiation exposure, and allows for the integration of extravascular imaging. METHOD Navigation roadmaps were created by merging CTA or MRA studies with 3-dimensional volumes in the angiography suite. Roadmaps were created for 3 patients undergoing interventional procedures, one of which used a noncontrasted rotational volume. RESULTS Coregistration of CTA or MRA data with real-time angiographic imaging was successful in all 3 patients. Coregistration persisted despite table movement. These roadmaps were used to successfully navigate catheters and wires between vessels in 2 patients. CONCLUSION Offline CTA and MRA studies were successfully combined with real-time imaging at the time of angiography. This technique can reduce radiation and iodinated contrast exposure, and expands the application of angiographic technology in cerebrovascular and other neurosurgical diseases.
Recognizing and managing dental fears: anxiolysis from the perspective of a dental student.

Going to the dentist is something most people hate to do. The dentist is frequently depicted as the antagonist in movies, and the idea of losing a tooth is associated with torture and pain. The promotional posters for the movie Saw III portrayed three bloody molars hanging on wires from a jagged saw
Dimensions of Human Sexual Identity : Transsexuals, Homosexuals, Fetishists, Cross-Gendered Children and Animal Models

Unpacking complex sexual behavior into its components permits examination and manipulation that may reveal origins, activators, and mechanisms. With animal sexual behavior, Beach (1979) advocated this strategy, an approach that has been richly rewarded.
Diabetes Management and Cardiovascular Risk: Are SGLT-2 Inhibitors the Safest?

Abstract For five millennia, diabetes management has focused on controlling blood sugar and efforts to minimize the complications of this disease have depended on normalizing glucose. Since the 1970's, however, a growing awareness of the adverse effect of hypoglycemic agents on cardiac health has led to an increasing focus on the effect of diabetes management on cardiac risk. This was brought into focus in the early years of this century with issues around rosiglitazone and resulted in the United States Food and Drug Administration, mandating that new drug applications for diabetes include documentation of no adverse effect on cardiac health. We have recently reported on the potential benefit of SGLT-2 inhibitors in terms of glucose control; recent data suggesting a specific cardiac benefit of this class of agent have obligated us to update our understanding of this class of drugs. This review focuses, in general, on the increasing awareness of the effects of diabetes medications on cardiac health and, mo...
Does Continuous Creation Entail Occasionalism? Malebranche (and Descartes)

‘God needs no instruments to act,’ Malebranche writes in Search 6.2.3; “it suffices that He wills in order that a thing be, because it is a contradiction that He should will and that what He wills should not happen. Therefore, His power is His will” (450). After nearly identical language in Treatise 1.12, Malebranche writes that “[God's] wills are necessarily efficacious … His power differs not at all from His will” (116). God exercises His causal power, here, via His volitions; what He causes depends not merely on the fact that He wills, but specifically (since volitions are intentional states) on the content of His volitions, on “what He wills.” Yet despite the obviously key role the ordinary notion of volitional content plays for Malebranche, recent writers have paid surprisingly little attention either to it or its exegetical implications. I hope partly to rectify this situation here. The plan of this paper is this: (I) to borrow current work in the philosophy of mind to sketch the notion of an incomplete volition, i.e. one whose content is ‘incomplete’ in a sense to be explained; (II) to note that Malebranche accepts and uses something like this notion;
Confocal and Transient Absorption UItrasonic Microscopy of Heme Proteins

We have recently developed transient absorption for ultrahigh resolution photoacoustic microscopy. We will discuss recent progress incorporating confocal microscopy and imaging of heme proteins which play a vital role in numerous cellular processes.
Disposition and Working Status of School Health Clinics in Pingdingshan City

[Objective]To analyze the disposition status of school doctors(health teachers) and communicable disease management in colleges,middle schools,primary schools and kindergartens in Pingdingshan city,promote the implementation of hygiene surveillance and diseases prevention in various schools. [Methods]According to the requirements of related technical standards,the disposition status of school doctors(health teachers) and health clinics in some schools was investigated with the field survey.The data were analyzed statistically by EpiData and Excel. [Results]The ratio of students to school doctors in primary and middle schools was 2 889∶1.The doctors graduated from medical colleges accounted for 55.24%.86.98% of schools had no special clinics,and 91.94% of clinics were unqualified in instruments. [Conclusion]The health clinics in middle schools,primary schools and kindergartens were inadequate,and there was a serious shortage of fulltime school doctors(health teachers).It is important to strengthen the school doctor team construction and increase the school health clinics.
Worker reentry safety. VII. A medical overview of reentry periods and the use of urinary alkyl phosphates in human pesticide monitoring

Physicians working in rural areas would be the first to acknowledge the limited quality of care available to the agricultural worker. Occupational health specialists, too, would agree that the implementation of conventional occupational health practices in agriculture is at best fragmentary and at worst in some areas practically nonexistent. Farming today is highly mechanized and has become an occupation with numerous attendant hazards. Occupational pesticide poisoning is one of the more important of these hazards and one which has not been adequately categorized. Systemic pesticide poisoning and exposure are the result either of pesticide applicational process or the result of the thinning or picking processes. In the former, the worker at some time or other comes into contact with the pesticide concentrate and illness results either because of accidental spillage malpractice or inadequate protection. Resultant illness is usually severe, rapid on onset, and usually singly. The case fatality rate is higher in applicator poisoning than in picker poisoning. Applicator poisoning has been observed in loaders, sprayers, formulators, and manufacturers. The second category occurs as a result of work contact with the diluted pesticide on the foliage. Illnesses are milder, occur in clusters, are more common in dry and more arid areas, and the case fatality rate is low. The phenomenon is seen in workers who are picking or thinning crops and the illness is called “picker or thinning poisoning.”
Wildlife Reservoirs of Dermatophilosis

Dermatophilosis is an exudative dermatitis of man and other animals. Approximately twenty-five wild and domesticated animal species have natural infections with the causative agent of dermatophilosis, Dermatophilus congolensis. Transmission of the disease has occurred from both wild and domesticated animal species to man. Both ticks and flies transmit the disease between animals. Occult infections in animals and infections within wildlife populations may go unnoticed. In addition to these occult infections the organism is now recognized as being capable of establishing infections unlike the typical exudative dermatitis. Since this organism has never been found outside the infectious state, wild animals may be important sources for continued inoculum for disease in domesticated animals and man.
Two Years Out into the Pricing and Charity Care Controversies 2005

Asks whether fair pricing and collections policies would mitigate the "hospital tax exemption" controversies.
The Predictive Value of Pre-Recruitment Achievement on Resident Performance in Anesthesiology

Abstract Study objective Selecting candidates for residency positions is challenging and there is little research on the correlation between commonly used selection criteria and subsequent performance in anesthesiology. This study examined the association between the selection measures and post-recruitment performance in residency. Design Retrospective review of archival data. Setting Anesthesiology residency program at a large academic anesthesiology department. Subjects Residents who were matched to the anesthesiology program over 9years (graduation classes of 2006 to 2014). Interventions None. Measurements The pre-recruitment achievements included a comprehensive list of measures obtained from residents' application portfolios in conjunction with interview performance. The post-recruitment examination outcomes consisted of the in-training examination (ITE) scores in the three clinical anesthesia (CA) years and first-attempt success on the written board certification examination administered by the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA). Scholarly output during residency was measured by publication record. Clinical performance at the conclusion of residency was independently rated by three faculty members. Bivariate analysis and regression models were conducted to examine association between predictors and outcomes. Main results High United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, class rank in medical school and interview performance were predictive of high examination scores in residency and good clinical performance. Class rank appeared to be the best predictor of scholarly publication and pursuing an academic career beyond residency. Conclusions Comparative performance with classmates (i.e., class rank) in medical school appeared to be an effective predictor of overall performance in residency, which warrants more attention in future study. Although interview performance is subject to recruitment team members' interpretation, it is an important measure to include in recruitment decisions.
Role of competition in the strain structure of rotavirus under invasion and reassortment

The role of competitive interactions in the formation and coexistence of viral strains remains unresolved. Neglected aspects of existing strain theory are that viral pathogens are repeatedly introduced from animal sources and readily exchange their genes. The combined effect of introduction and reassortment opposes strain structure, in particular the predicted stable coexistence of antigenically differentiated strains under strong frequency-dependent selection mediated by cross-immunity. Here we use a stochastic model motivated by rotavirus, the most common cause of childhood diarrheal mortality, to investigate serotype structure under these conditions. We describe a regime in which the transient coexistence of distinct strains emerges despite only weak cross-immunity, but is disturbed by invasions of new antigenic segments that reassort into existing backgrounds. We find support for this behavior in global rotavirus sequence data and present evidence for the displacement of new strains towards open antigenic niches. Our work extends previous work to bacterial and viral pathogens that share these rotavirus-like characteristics, with important implications for the effects of interventions such as vaccination on strain composition, and for the understanding of the factors promoting emergence of new subtypes.
Complications of hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent painful nodules and abscesses involving intertriginous areas. Repeated episodes of profound inflammation in HS can lead to a number of complications, causing significant morbidity and decreasing quality of life. Complications of HS may affect the skin alone or may have systemic impact. Cutaneous complications of HS include sinus tracts, fistulae, scarring and contractures, squamous cell carcinoma, and lymphedema. Systemic complications of HS include chronic pain, systemic amyloidosis, and possibly anemia. Preventing disease complications by controlling primary disease is a key component of HS management. Clinicians should be prepared to recognize complications early, as prompt management is necessary to minimize negative impacts.
Electronic Structure in Aqueous Acid—Base Chemistry

Modern theory supports the view that chemical change in matter is the process of rearrangement of negative electron clouds and positive atomic kernels to form a more stable mutual relation. The lightest element, hydrogen, is unique. All others retain a core of inner electrons throughout their reactions. But the core of hydrogen is only a proton. It is about 10−5 the diameter of the lithium ion Li+. Thus, the special ion H+ has exceptionally high positive charge density, the charge per unit volume. It associates with electron clouds in any matter available. Other ions, like the Li+, can exist as entities in some crystal lattices, while no substances contain H+ as a separate entity or ion unit. It is important to be clear from the start about the vastly different species formed by hydrogen (Figure 1-1). When we speak of hydrogen ion and hydrogen compounds, we shall almost always mean the proton contained in an electron pair cloud as shown in the H3O+ scheme in Figure 1-1. For a full discussion of evidence and the unique features of proton chemistry see Chapter 5 in the book by Bockris and Reddy.1
Response Theory and Molecular Properties

The calculation of molecular properties, both static and dynamic, is a central goal of theoretical chemical physics. Within response theory, time-dependent properties are obtained as functional derivatives of the quantum mechanical action functional. We review how linear and nonlinear response properties may be derived from the action functional using exact electronic states, as well as within time-dependent density functional theory. Particular emphasis is given to recently discovered spurious poles in approximate nonlinear response functions.
Whole Genome Characterization of Bacillus cereus Associated with Specific Disease Manifestations

Bacillus cereus remains an important cause of infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. While typically associated with enteric infections, disease manifestations can be quite diverse and include skin infections, bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis. Whether there are any genetic correlates of bacterial strains with particular clinical manifestations remains unknown. To address this gap in understanding, we undertook whole-genome analysis of B. cereus strains isolated from patients with a range of disease manifestations, including noninvasive colonizing disease, superficial skin infections, and invasive bacteremia. Interestingly, strains involved in skin infection tended to form a distinct genetic cluster compared to isolates associated with invasive disease. Other disease manifestations, despite not being exclusively clustered, nonetheless had unique genetic features. The unique features associated with the specific types of infections ranged from traditional virulence determinants to metabolic pathways and gene regulators. These data represent the largest genetic analysis to date of pathogenic B. cereus isolates with associated clinical parameters.
Reconstructed and analyzed X-ray computed tomography data of investment-cast and additive-manufactured aluminum foam for visualizing ligament failure mechanisms and regions of contact during a compression test.

Abstract Three stochastic open-cell aluminum foam samples were incrementally compressed and imaged using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). One of the samples was created using conventional investment casting methods and the other two were replicas of the same foam that were made using laser powder bed fusion. The reconstructed CT data were then examined in Paraview to identify and highlight the types of failure of individual ligaments. The accompanying sets of Paraview state files and STL files highlight the different ligament failure modes incrementally during compression for each foam. Ligament failure was classified as either “Fracture” (red) or “Collapse” (blue). Also, regions of neighboring ligaments that came into contact that were not originally touching were colored yellow. For further interpretation and discussion of the data, please refer to Matheson et al. (2017) [1].
The infected pacemaker pocket

Between January, 1963, and September, 1978, a total of 1,789 pacemakers were implanted at Henry Ford Hospital. Infection at the site of implantation developed in 19 instances for an incidence of 1.06 percent. The most common organism cultured was Staphylococcus epidermidis, and conservative treatment was successful with these patients. In all patients with organisms other than Staphylococcus epidermidis, reimplantation of a new unit in a new, clean site was required.
Developing an entitativity measure and distinguishing it from antecedents and outcomes within online and face-to-face groups:

Entitativity, an individual’s recognition of a social unit as a group, is a fundamental group characteristic. However, past entitativity measures have not demonstrated their psychometric validity. ...
Editorial Commentary: The Shoulder Biceps Tendon and Baseball Continue Their Controversial Relationship

The optimal treatment of shoulder SLAP tears in high-level baseball players remains highly controversial. In pitchers, many SLAP lesions are found incidentally on magnetic resonance imaging and may in fact be adaptive to the baseball pitcher's mechanics of throwing. Surgical repair of SLAP lesions requires lengthy rehabilitation, and outcomes have been similar to or worse than the results after nonoperative treatment. The treatment option of biceps tenodesis is an appealing alternative to SLAP repair, but the indications and technique of biceps tenodesis in the elite pitcher still need to be defined.
Can a Computer be Lucky? And Other Ridiculous Questions Posed by Computational Creativity

Given the fragility of today’s intelligent systems, we consider the necessity of creativity in systems designed for artificial general intelligence. We examine an archetypical creativity “algorithm” suggested by Czikzentmihalyi in the context of computational systems, and, in particular consider the computability of such an algorithm. We argue that it is likely not computable, in the Turing sense, but that this need not necessarily preclude the building of computationally creative systems, and, by extension, (potentially) systems with a level of artificial general intelligence.
The Present Status of Diffuse Reflectance Theory

A review of progress in the theoretical interpretation of diffuse reflectance spectra is given. The Kubelka-Munk solution is discussed in terms of the more general theory of radiative transfer, and the layer and particle models of Johnson and Melamed are also considered. The nature of multiple scattering processes, reflectance of non-homogeneous materials, and methods of chemical analysis are specialized topics which are discussed in some detail.
Further Structure in K(1)*ΩkS2n+1

We determine the coalgebra structure for K(1)*Ω k S 2n+1 and thus complete the description as Hopf algebras. We also study the higher order K-theory Bockstein structure for K(1)*(Ω k S 2n+1). To do this we use the p-local K-theory equivalences given by Bousfield and the author in [1] and [4]. We then may use the results of McClure. who determines the K-theory Bockstein spectral sequence for Ω∞Σ∞ X. As an application we use the existence of elements of order p r in K-theory to determine a lower bound for the suspension order of the stable summands of Ω2k S 2n+1. Using the upper bound results of Silberbush this gives the suspension order at odd primes.
Transportation and Loss Queues G(E)

The fundamentals of modeling transportation and material handling systems with finite queues and queueing networks are described in this chapter. This is a critical linking chapter in the book because how to capture congestion in traffic flow processes is central to the topological network design of queueing, blocking, transportation, and loss networks. Starting with a background literature review of transportation and material handling systems and then building upon the basic principles of capturing the throughput volume, speeds, density, and congestion in transportation systems, we develop appropriate queueing models to capture these fundamental traffic flow processes. We focus on the state-dependent M∕G∕c∕c queues and queueing network models as they incorporate the micro and macro aspects of traffic flow simultaneously. Figure 4.1 illustrates a high-rise building with the stairwells which are essential for the pedestrians flowing through the facility. We can generalize these to generalized Erlang and Engset models which provides a computational advantage for us in dealing with large instances of queueing and blocking networks. Open image in new window Fig. 4.1 Transport problems
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Servicescape dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen

Globalization now has a big impact on people's lives, especially seen from their lifestyle. The mindset of a developing and changing society does not escape the influence of technological progress. Facing competition, companies must be able to place their products in the midst of intense business competition. Consumers today are smarter and selective in choosing the goods and services used. This study aims to examine the effect of service quality, servicescape, and prices on consumer satisfaction at consumers of Jasmine Beauty Clinic Bogor. This study used a survey research design on respondents by distributing questionnaires to consumers of Jasmine Beauty Clinic Bogor. The population of this study was the Bogor community who took care at Jasmine Beauty Clinic Bogor. The sample in this study amounted to 120 respondents using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of respondents having done treatment at Jasmine Beauty Clinic Bogor and aged over 17 years. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale, each of which has been tested and has met the validity and reliability requirements. Data analysis using multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing using the partial significance test (t test). The results of multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 16 show that service quality, servicescape, and prices partially have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Keywords: service quality, servicescape, price and customer satisfaction.
Neurocognitive challenged hops reduced functional performance relative to traditional hop testing

Abstract Objective Determine the relationship between four foundational single-leg hop tests and respective neurocognitive single-leg hop tests. Design Cross-sectional; Setting University gymnasium. Patients or other participants Twenty-two participants (9 Male, 13 Female, 20.9 ± 2.5 years, 171.2 ± 11.7 cm, 70.3 ± 11.0 kg) were recruited. Maximum distance was measured for three hop tests (single-leg hop, single-leg crossover hop, single-leg triple hop) and fastest time was measured for the fourth (single-leg 6-m hop) for traditional and neurocognitive conditions. Main outcome measures Pearson correlations were conducted to assess the relationship between the new neurocognitive hop and the analogous traditional hop. One repeated measures MANOVA was conducted for each leg to determine the difference in hop performance between hop conditions (traditional and neurocognitive) for the dependent variables. Alpha level was set at α Results Correlations ranged from 0.86 to 0.92 between traditional and neurocognitive hop tests. The repeated measures MANOVA was significant for condition for both legs (p Conclusion The addition of neurocognitive reactive and anticipatory components to simulate more sport specific scenarios may improve functional testing for return to sport.
Permeability of co-cured honeycomb sandwich skins: effect of gas transport during processing

Potential links between pressure conditions during co-cure of honeycomb sandwich panels, the extent of gas flow through facesheet and bond-line, and the level of permeability in the cured skin were...
Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography for renal artery stenosis in children.

Children with suspected renal artery stenosis (RAS) are screened with renal Doppler ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) angiography/magnetic resonance (MR) angiography depending on institutional preference. CT angiography produces images with superior resolution, allowing higher quality multiplanar two-dimensional reformats and three-dimensional reconstructions. However, there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the utility and diagnostic performance of renal CT angiography in pediatric RAS. The objective of this study is to retrospectively review our experience with renal CT angiography in the diagnosis of pediatric RAS relative to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard. All patients 0–18 years of age who underwent CT angiography for evaluation of RAS as a cause of hypertension between January 2012 and May 2019 were identified for the study. A total of 131 patients were identified, 23 of whom had DSA correlation. Twenty-three patients (17 boys, 6 girls) with a mean age of 6 years 3 months (range: 3 months to 14 years 7 months) were included in this study. Of the 59 renal arteries studied by DSA, 22 were abnormal on CT angiography and 20 were abnormal on DSA. Of the 59 renal arteries, CT angiography was true positive in 18 and true negative in 35. The sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography for RAS diagnosis were 90.0% and 89.7%, respectively. CT angiography identified all cases of main RAS. Renal CT angiography has a high sensitivity and specificity for pediatric RAS diagnosis in patients referred for DSA.
A New General Paradigm for Understanding and Preventing Li Metal Penetration through Solid Electrolytes

Summary The use of lithium (Li) or sodium (Na) metal anodes together with highly ion-conductive solid electrolytes (SEs) could provide batteries with a step improvement in volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. Unfortunately, these SEs face significant technical challenges, in large part because Li and Na dendrites can penetrate through SEs, leading to short circuits. The ability of such a soft material (Li or Na metal) to penetrate through ceramic is surprising from the point of view of models widely used in the Li-battery field. We introduce a concept, new to the battery field, for preventing penetration of lithium dendrites through SEs by putting the SE surfaces into a state of residual compressive stress. For a sufficiently high compressive stress, cracks have difficulty forming, and cracks that do form are forced to close, inhibiting dendrite penetration. This approach is widely used to solve commercially important stress corrosion cracking problems in metals and static fatigue problems in ceramics and glasses (e.g., Gorilla Glass). However, the technique will not be useful for SEs if the Li-ion transport rate through a SE is substantially reduced when the SE is under compression. Our molecular dynamics calculations for Li-ion transport through a common SE demonstrate that the introduction of even very high residual compressive stresses (∼10 GPa) has only a modest effect on Li-ion transport kinetics, suggesting that this approach is viable and capable of providing a new paradigm for developing high-performance and mechanically stable SEs.
The Bioethical Dilemma of Gender-Affirming Therapy in Children and Adolescents.

Since the establishment of the first transgender clinic in the United States in 2007, over sixty clinics associated with children’s hospitals have opened across the nation and are seeing very young...
Physician gender as a source of implicit bias affecting clinical decision-making processes: a scoping review.

The demographic profile of practicing physicians is changing as more female medical students are graduating and practicing in the field. While the education received may not differ by gender, studies have shown that physician practice outcomes vary by provider gender. Various factors could contribute to these differences, including culture and explicit biases which may lead to implicit bias. This study aims to identify the available evidence of gender-based implicit bias throughout the delivery process of medicine. This scoping review evaluated published literature within the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and BioMed Central databases pertaining to physician’s gender as a factor in the delivery of medicine. Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage methodology was used as a framework and reported using the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Searches occurred between May 2020 and June 2020, and the timeframe was not limited. Included articles had gender as a factor in the delivery of medicine and implicit bias. Articles were excluded if they did not include the gender of the physician. After screening by reviewers and a medical librarian, study characteristics were charted and analyzed. The initial search resulted in 2420 records. After screening, 162 of the records were selected based on title and keyword relevance. After additional screening, 15 records were ultimately included in the review based on full-text evaluation. Records were organized into sub-topics post hoc focused on clinical qualities, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes. This scoping review found that gender-based implicit bias may be inadvertently acquired from culture and education. Although implicit bias is highly researched, much of the current literature focuses on the gender of the patient. This study found important gaps in the available literature regarding race and gender of the physician. Further studies could explore outcome differences between recent graduates and career physicians, for both female and male physicians.
Internet Resources for Education Reference

This article focuses on the current status of the Internet for reference tools in the field of education as of 2005. Several categories of resources are highlighted: commercial databases, government and educational association Web sources, and specialty Web pages. The chapter concludes with a Webliography of the Internet sites highlighted in the article.
O32 Leveraging Every Door Direct Mail for Remote Recruitment of a Rural Study Sample: Response Rate and Representativeness

Background Travel restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic forced researchers to recruit remotely, further challenging the recruitment of “hard-to-reach” populations, such as rural communities. Every Door Direct Mail (EDDM) is a service of the USPS in which mail is sent to all ‘postal customers’ in a designated region. While relatively underexplored as a research tool, 1 study reported similar response rates to addressed survey mailings with lower cost and potentially lower demographic bias. Objective To evaluate the utility of EDDM as a tool for recruiting a representative sample of rural households in Appalachia Ohio. Study Design, Setting, Participants As part of a larger effort to evaluate community resource utilization in relation to diet, health and food security, a study recruitment postcard was sent via EDDM to all residential addresses (n = 31,201) within an 18 zip code region in Southeastern OH in June 2020. Adult residents were invited to complete a survey online via QR code or short link or to call for a mailed survey. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Respondent demographic characteristics were generated using SPSS and compared with the region's 2019 U.S. Census Bureau statistics. Results A total of 724 households completed the survey, reflecting a response rate lower than estimates for addressed mailings (2.3% vs 6%). Compared to census data, a greater proportion of respondents were female (68% vs 51%), and highly educated (60% vs 36% college graduates); a smaller proportion were non-Hispanic (90% vs 98%), White (88% vs 92%), had ≥1 child in the household (23% vs 28%), and a household income Conclusion EDDM was a viable method for remote recruitment of a rural sample. Further work is needed to explore its efficacy in recruiting representative samples, and studies to inform best practices for its use are warranted. Funding NIH, The Ohio State University's Initiative for Food and AgriCultural Transformation (InFACT), a Discovery Themes program (learn more at discovery.osu.edu/infact); Award Number UL1TR002733 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (#5591); and, the Clinical Research Center/Center for Clinical Research Management of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and The Ohio State University College of Medicine in Columbus, Ohio. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, or The Ohio State University.
Risk of Obesity Among Children Prescribed Atypical Antipsychotics for Six Months or More

Objectives: The study investigates the risk of obesity for young children prescribed an atypical antipsychotic (AAP) for 6 months or more. AAPs are associated with risk of obesity. They are used in...
Association of Patient Characteristics, Diabetes, BMI, and Obesity With Severe COVID-19 in Metropolitan Detroit, MI

Identification of specific risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for prevention of poor outcomes and mortality. This retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 demonstrated that older age, male sex, Black race, diabetes, elevated BMI, and elevated inflammatory markers were correlated with critical illness in COVID-19. Older age, male sex, diabetes, and inflammatory markers, but not elevated BMI, were associated with mortality. Despite having greater odds of critical illness, Black patients had lower odds of death than White patients. Older age, male sex, diabetes, and elevated inflammatory markers were significantly associated with venous thromboembolism. These findings suggest a need to aggressively identify and manage modifiable risk factors (i.e., diabetes and elevated BMI) and encourage vaccination of at-risk individuals to prevent poor outcomes from COVID-19.
Surgery of the Hand in Cerebral Palsy and the Swan-Neck Deformity

There is a small group of patients with cerebral palsy who can be benefited by reconstructive surgery on the upper extremity, in addition to the usual therapeutic measures of splinting and muscle re-education. In cerebral palsy longstanding muscle imbalance, which can be improved only by surgical tr
Single-Cell and Single-Cycle Analysis of HIV-1 Replication.

The dynamics of the late stages of the HIV-1 life cycle are poorly documented. Viral replication dynamics are typically measured in populations of infected cells, but asynchrony that is introduced during the early steps of HIV-1 replication complicates the measurement of the progression of subsequent steps and can mask replication dynamics and their variation in individual infected cells. We established microscopy-based methods to dynamically measure HIV-1-encoded reporter gene and antiviral gene expression in individual infected cells. We coupled these measurements with conventional analyses to quantify delays in the HIV-1 replication cycle imposed by the biphasic nature of HIV-1 gene expression and by the assembly-inhibiting property of the matrix domain of Gag. We further related the dynamics of restriction factor (APOBEC3G) removal to the dynamics of HIV-1 replication in individual cells. These studies provide a timeline for key events in the HIV-1 replication cycle, and reveal that the interval between the onset of early and late HIV-1 gene expression is only ~3h, but matrix causes a ~6–12h delay in the generation of extracellular virions. Interestingly, matrix delays particle assembly to a time at which APOBEC3G has largely been removed from the cell. Thus, a need to prepare infected cells to be efficient producers of infectious HIV-1 may provide an impetus for programmed delays in HIV-1 virion genesis. Our findings also emphasize the significant heterogeneity in the length of the HIV-1 replication cycle in homogenous cell populations and suggest that a typical infected cell generates new virions for only a few hours at the end of a 48h lifespan. Therefore, small changes in the lifespan of infected cells might have a large effect on viral yield in a single cycle and the overall clinical course in infected individuals.
Mechanistic-empirical approach to characterizing permanent deformation of reinforced soft soil subgrade

Abstract This study focuses on characterizing the permanent deformation of geogrid-reinforced soft soil subgrade by using the mechanistic-empirical (ME) approach based on both experimental measurements and results of numerical modeling. Two sets of small-scale pavement sections were built over two types of soft soil subgrade and subjected to cyclic moving loads by means of a reduced-scale accelerated pavement testing (APT) device. Each set of pavement sections included one control section and three sections reinforced by different geogrids placed at the base–subgrade interface. The pavement sections were instrumented to measure vertical deformation and vertical stresses at the top of the subgrade. Strains developed in the geogrids were also measured by strain gauges throughout the construction and accelerated testing. Simplified finite element (FE) models were created to simulate both the control and geogrid-reinforced pavement sections and to compute the pavement mechanistic responses. With the experimental measurements from the first set of tests and results of FE analysis, the permanent deformation model in NCHRP 1-37A for unbound layers was adapted and calibrated to model the permanent deformation of the geogrid-modified subgrade. The effects of geogrids on the subgrade permanent deformation were integrated into the ME performance model through both the mechanistic response modeling and the empirical calibration. Predictions from the permanent deformation model were then compared with the second set of measurements and found to underestimate the permanent deformation of the geogrid-modified subgrade. However, the model was able to distinguish the difference in performance among the sections, i.e. the predicted rank of the performance was consistent with the measurements.
The Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection Systems

This chapter presents the design and evaluation of physical protection systems (PPS), which integrates people, procedures, and equipment for the protection of assets or facilities against theft, sabotage, or other malevolent human attacks. The design of an effective PPS requires a methodical approach in which the designer weighs the objectives of the PPS against available resources and then evaluates the proposed design to determine how well it meets the objectives. The design of an effective PPS includes the determination of PPS objectives, the initial design or characterization of a PPS, the evaluation of the design, and, in many cases, a redesign or refinement of the system. Characterization of facility operations and conditions requires a thorough description of the facility itself. The PPS must be designed to protect against all of the threats such as criminal outsiders, disgruntled employees, and competitors. It is found that analysis and evaluation of the PPS design begin with a review and thorough understanding of the protection objectives the designed system must meet.
A STUDY OF FATIGUE DAMAGE USING THE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL METHOD

In this paper the electrical potential technique is employed as an additional element in studying the damage processes in time dependent low cycle fatigue [1]. Using a 50–50 lead-tin solder at 289 and 305K (Tm = 0.6), uniaxially loaded test specimens were subjected to a variety of wave shapes at a single strain range and the stress, strain and electrical potential measured continuously during each hysteresis loop until failure. Significant differences in the electrical potential response were found, depending on the wave shape. Together with supporting experimental information, these differences were interpreted to be the result of creep cavity initiation and growth. It is concluded that concurrent electrical potential measurement is a valuable tool in the study of damage in time-dependent, low-cycle fatigue.
Cataloging Correctly for Kids: An Introduction to the Tools. 5th ed.

In this updated and expanded edition of Cataloging Correctly for Kids, editors Intner, Fountain and Weihs provide an excellent introduction for anyone who is interested in the field of cataloging f...
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FATIGUE AND CREEP CRACK GROWTH

ABSTRACT Theoretical aspects of crack growth behavior in fatigue and creep are examined in terms of micromechanisms of growth and macromechanical considerations. Fatigue crack growth curves in terms of threshold, near-threshold, Paris-law and rapid growth regimes, and various microprocesses that affect these regimes are discussed. Threshold and near-threshold regimes are affected by both intrinsic factors such as elastic modulus, slip character, slip reversibility and microstructural heterogeneities, and extrinisic factors involving crack path tortuosity and crack closure. In the near-threshold and rapid crack growth regimes, the growth occurs by the cumulative damage processes wherein damage accumulation during several cycles is required for each increment in crack length. In the intermediate Paris-law regime growth generally occurs by the plastic blunting process. Behavior of short cracks and non-propagating cracks are discussed briefly. Crack growth in creep is discussed in terms of relative kinetics of the stress relaxation processes involving creep of the material ahead of the crack tip as well as the crack tip blunting process, and the damage accumulating processes involving void nucleation and growth and formation of microcracks ahead of the main crack. Recent developments in the parametric analysis and in the theoretical modelling of creep crack growth are briefly outlined.