cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Preservation of Sound Recordings

For more than 130 years, our sounds have been recorded and those recordings have become vital to our collective history and memory. Much of this is not available commercially, and the only way for those recordings to be saved for future generations of researchers and scholars is for libraries and archives to make every effort to preserve them. History and proper storage and handling of cylinder recordings, discs (shellac and vinyl), magnetic tape and wire, and digital recordings are addressed, including re-recording onto newer formats as necessary.
Effect of Water Activity on the Major Volatileś Produced in a Model System Approximating Cooked Meat

The effects of water activity (aw) on the major volatiles produced from a meat flavor model system containing monosodium-l-glutamate, L-ascorbic acid, thiamin HCl and cystine was investigated Quantitative and qualitative differences in volatiles produced between high and low aw systems (heated at 135°C) were found. Qualitative changes were observed to occur at about aw 0.4. Compounds identified in high and low aw systems fell into classes which are associated with boiling and roasting cooking techniques (respectively) of known naturahy occurring compounds.
Impact From the Deep

Philosopher and historian Thomas S. Kuhn has suggested that scientific disciplines act a lot like living organisms: instead of evolving slowly but continuously, they enjoy long stretches of stability punctuated by infrequent revolutions with the appearance of a new species--or in the case of science, a new theory. This description is particularly apt for my own area of study, the causes and consequences of mass extinctions--those periodic biological upheavals when a large proportion of the planet's living creatures died off and afterward nothing was ever the same again.
Dust particle dynamics in magnetized plasma sheath

In this paper, the structure of a plasma sheath in the presence of an oblique magnetic field is investigated, and dynamics of a dust particle embedded in the sheath is elaborated. To simulate the sheath, a weakly collisional two-fluid model is implemented. For various magnitudes and directions of the magnetic field and chamber pressures, different plasma parameters including the electron and ion densities, ion flow velocity, and electric potential are calculated. A complete set of forces acting on the dust particle originating from the electric field in the sheath, the static magnetic field, gravity, and ion and neutral drags is taken into account. Through the trapping potential energy, the particle stable and unstable equilibria are studied while the particle is stationary inside the sheath. Other features such as the possibility of the dust levitation and trapping in the sheath, and the effect of the Lorentz force on the charged dust particle motion are also examined. An interesting feature is captured for the variation of the particle charge as a function of the magnetic field magnitude.
Analysis of forest succession with fuzzy graph theory

Abstract Fuzzy graph theory is a fuzzy set generalization of classical graph theory suitable for preliminary analysis of many ecological systems. Fuzzy graph theory is applicable to the analysis of any dynamical system where the values of all state variables are known at at least two points in time. This paper presents some methods and algorithms of fuzzy graph theory, and uses fuzzy graph theory in an analysis of the compositional dynamics of an oak woods in Wisconsin, U.S.A. Three fuzzy relations for succession are compared using the same data to determine how the depiction of forest dynamics depends upon the characteristics of the chosen relation. The inherent minimum requirements for recognizing succession vary with each relation, and the relations from a hierarchy of rigor in requirements. The fuzzy graphs show that the observed successional trends are dependent upon the characteristics of each relation. Fuzzy graph theory is then used to analyze the time-variance of the system dynamics by comparing fuzzy graphs of succession for four consecutive time periods. The analysis shows only small changes in the system dynamics with time, demonstrating that the system is not strongly time-varying. The rate of system change, however, appears to be slowing. Finally, fuzzy graph theory is compared to vector field methods of dynamical system analysis.
The use of simulation in process reengineering education

This paper shows how simulation technology can serve as an effective educational tool to enhance the learning of process reengineering concepts. Three examples used at the Information Resources Management College, National Defense University are presented, all of which illustrate the successful application of simulation to process improvement. This paper also discusses lessons learned and implementation issues, and explores the future of simulation in the classroom.
Culture Conditions of l-Isoleucine Fermentation from Acetic Acid

Culture conditions were studied for l-isoleucine production from acetic acid. Acetate and ammonium concentration in culture liquid exerted a great influence on the fermentation, and optimum concentration was 2–5 g/liter and 2–3 g/liter respectively. To maintain these conditions throughout the culture, it was necessary to supply intermittently a small amount of feeding solution which consisted of ammonium acetate and acetic acid. Molecular ratio of the former to the latter was 0.175, and total concentration of acetic acid was 700 g/liter.Carbon dioxide showed an inhibitory influence on l-isoleucine production and adequate ventilation was necessary for satisfactory result. Maximum amount of l-isoleucine was 33.5 g/liter after 77-hr cultivation at 28°C and at pH 7.7. Production yield of l-isoleucine was 10% by weight from acetic acid.
Have Federal Judges Changed Their Sentencing Practices? The Shaky Empirical Foundations of the Feeney Amendment

The Feeney Amendment to the PROTECT Act of 2003 restricted judicial discretion to make downward departures. Supporters of the Amendment argued that federal district court judges were increasingly departing below the ranges specified in the Sentencing Guidelines, reducing sentences and increasing sentencing disparities. Using data on all federal criminal sentences between 1993 and 2001, this article argues that federal sentencing practices did not change appreciably over the relevant time period. First, while the rate of downward departures increased, much of the increase can be explained by a number of potentially relevant variables such as type of offense, the offense level, district of sentencing, and offender characteristics. Second, even though downward departures were more frequent, average total prison sentences hardly changed. Third, there is no evidence that the increasing number of Democratic appointees on the federal district court bench affected average prison sentences or the rate of downward departures. Finally, the influence of Guidelines factors on prison sentences has remained constant.
Evaluating a news-aware quantitative trader: The effect of momentum and contrarian stock selection strategies

We study the coupling of basic quantitative portfolio selection strategies with a financial news article prediction system, AZFinText. By varying the degrees of portfolio formation time, we found that a hybrid system using both quantitative strategy and a full set of financial news articles performed the best. With a 1-week portfolio formation period, we achieved a 20.79% trading return using a Momentum strategy and a 4.54% return using a Contrarian strategy over a 5-week holding period. We also found that trader overreaction to these events led AZFinText to capitalize on these short-term surges in price. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Belief in a Just World and Depression

This paper explores the relationship between a belief in a just world and depression. Building on the work of Pearlin, Lieberman, Menaghan, and Mullan (1981), we investigate the role that a belief in a just world might play in the relationship between chronic stressors and depression. Using a random sample of noninstitutionalized adult residents (N = 283) of Northern Ireland, we find that a belief in a just world and a sense of mastery are independent cognitive structures, and that a belief in a just world has a significant effect on depression over and above the effect of mastery. Theoretical implications and research questions generated by this effort are discussed.
A common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is not a major risk of coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction

Abstract A common mutation (C 677 →T) in methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) gene, involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, has been suggested to play a role in increasing cardiovascular disease risk. We determined the frequency of C 677 →T genotypes and alleles in 155 Caucasian patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 155 age and sex matched normal Caucasian individuals. DNA was extracted from the blood and genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction, restriction mapping with Hin fI and gel electrophoresis. The distribution of MTHFR C 677 →T genotypes followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of MTHFR genotypes and the frequency of alleles were similar in cases and controls. The TT genotype was present in 8% of controls as compared to 6% of cases ( P =0.50, OR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.34–1.96). The frequency of T allele was also similar in patients with CAD compared with controls (0.29 vs. 0.33; P =0.29). There was also no significant association between C 677 →T genotypes and the risk of myocardial infarction. In a subgroup of 44 cases and 89 controls who had no conventional risk factors for CAD (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking), the frequency of TT genotype was similar (11% vs. 8%, respectively, P =0.71, OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.20–2.23). Thus, the MTHFR TT genotype is not a major genetic risk factor for predisposition to CAD and its thrombotic complications in this population.
Reflective, deliberative information gathering (doctoral consortium)

In this research, we focus on reflective and deliberative solutions to improve information gathering by agents in complex environments to handle challenging properties such as uncertainty, partial observability, non-stationarity, and limited resources. We describe the core problems addressed by this research, our ongoing contributions towards solving these problems, and describe how we are applying our research to two real-world applications: personal assistants and intelligent survey systems.
Comparison of tertiary and quaternary amine local anesthetics in their ability to depress membrane ionic conductances

Tertiary and quaternary amine local anesthetics have been studied to determine their effect on membrane ionic conductances in squid giant axons. The tertiary compounds 6211 and 6603 (10mM), both lidocaine derivatives, suppressed both peak transient and steady-state currents from either side of the nerve membrane. The time for the transient current to reach its peak was not appreciably affected. When applied internally, two quaternary compounds, QX-314 and hemicholinium-3 (1mM), were effective in suppressing both components of the membrane currents. However, when applied externally, they had no effect on the membrane currents even at a concentration of 10mM. The time to peak current was slightly prolonged when QX-314 was applied internally. Another quaternary compound QX-572 suppressed both currents from outside, but was more effective from the inside, 1mM externally being roughly equipotent to 0.1mM internally. The tertiary and quaternary compounds used in the present study block the nerve conduction by essentially the same mechanism as that previously reported for other local anesthetics.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Tuberostemonine, Didehydrotuberostemonine, and 13-Epituberostemonine

Detailed experimental approaches toward the pentacyclic Stemona alkaloids tuberostemonine and didehydrotuberostemonine and the close analogue 13-epituberostemonine are described. The syntheses originate with a hydroindolinone derivative that can be obtained on a large scale in a single step from carbobenzoxy-protected l-tyrosine. Highlights of the conversion of this hydroindolinone to the target structures are the three-fold use of ruthenium catalysts, first in azepine ring-closing metathesis and then in alkene isomerization and cross-metathesis propenyl−vinyl exchange, as well as the stereoselective attachment of a γ-butyrolactone ring to a tetracycle core structure by use of a lithiated asymmetric bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (ABO) ortho ester. Structural analysis by density functional theory (DFT) methods revealed that the ease of oxidation of the natural product is likely due to the conformational preferences of the pyrrolidine and the fused cyclohexane rings.
Improving Perinatal Regionalization for Preterm Deliveries in a Medicaid Covered Population: Initial Impact of the Arkansas ANGELS Intervention

Perinatal regionalization is a system for increasing the likelihood that newborns that require technological support for survival are born in appropriately equipped hospitals. Extensive evidence indicates that infants delivered before 35 weeks gestation are more likely to survive if they are born in hospitals with neonatology expertise, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) capacity, and higher patient volumes (Phibbs et al. 1996, 2007; Lasswell et al. 2010). Transport after delivery is not an effective substitute for delivery in such a setting (Warner et al. 2004). In 2003, the maternal fetal medicine (MFM) Division of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), with the support of the Arkansas Medicaid Agency and the cooperation of the Arkansas Department of Health and the state Medical Society, launched an intervention called Antenatal and Neonatal Guidelines, Education, and Learning System (ANGELS). One goal of this intervention was to increase the portion of preterm newborns delivered in hospitals with neonatologist-staffed intensive care units. The ANGELS program has four components: (1) development of consensus practice guidelines for specific perinatal conditions, (2) weekly telemedicine conferences on obstetric topics, (3) a 24/7 call center located at UAMS providing specialty consultations and arranging maternal transports to the university hospital setting for delivery services, and (4) enhanced telemedicine communication lines enabling remote consults at locations around the state (Lowery et al. 2007). This study examines time trends between April 2001 and December 2006 in the delivery of preterm infants (<35 weeks gestation) of mothers covered by Arkansas Medicaid in hospitals with neonatology-staffed intensive care units. We assess whether the various components of the ANGELS intervention were associated with the likelihood of any NICU delivery and the likelihood of delivery at UAMS. We also explore the impact of maternal demographic characteristics, pregnancy risk factors and characteristics of prenatal care, local resources for maternity care in the woman's residential county, and mileage to the closest hospital with neonatology-staffed intensive care services.
A study of package warpage for package on package (PoP)

Package warpage is a primary concern in a package-on-package. To enhance the accuracy of modeling prediction, viscoelastic parameters, the change of material properties after injection mold cure (IMC) and post mold cure (PMC) temperature and it's time, and cure shrinkage were studied with a dynamic modulus analysis (DMA) and a thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) for a mold compound. A nano-indentation tool was used to characterize a viscoelasticity of underfill material. Material properties obtained from the TMA, DMA and nano-indentation tools were introduced to finite-element-based models. The validation of models was verified with a shadow moire for package warpage.
Basic Dynamics of Oncolytic Viruses

This chapter adopts general virus dynamics models to describe the basic interactions between a growing tumor cell population and an oncolytic virus that replicates in these tumor cells. Model properties are explored, and the correlates of treatment success that are predicted by the model are discussed. For the virus to control or eradicate the tumor cell population, it needs to spread sufficiently fast. One aspect that determines the viral spread rate in the model is the virus-induced death rate of infected cells. If the virus kills cells too quickly, then the total amount of virus produced by the infected cell becomes lower, and this can prevent the virus from controlling the tumor. Hence, viruses should not be engineered to maximize cell killing, as has been previously suggested. We compare the administration of replicating versus nonreplicating viruses, and discuss what types of experimental assays should be performed to evaluate potential candidate viruses in culture.
The combinatorial analysis of patterns and the principle of inclusion-exclusion

This paper considers the problem of enumeration under group actions in the framework of multilinear algebra. Vector identities are derived in a certain algebra of tensors. Various classes of combinatorial identities may be derived from these vector identities by evaluation with appropriately chosen linear functionals. Including among these combinatorial identities is Polya's enumeration theorem. The principal intent of this paper is to develop identities analogous to Polya's identity but which allow one to incorporate restrictions on the class of objects being enumerated in addition to those which can be treated by Polya's Theorem or its various existing extensions. In this paper, identities are developed to treat certain classes of ''local conditions'' in the structure being enumerated.
Conceptualizing lesbian sexual identity development: Narrative accounts of socializing structures and individual decisions and actions

Many theories have aimed to chart lesbian, gay and bisexual identity development. These include traditional developmental models as well as newer approaches designed to capture a more fluid, multidimensional trajectory, both of which have tended to neglect the role of intersectional identities, context and individual variation in lesbian identity development. This study used inductive research methods, informed by grounded theory, to examine lesbian identity development in life narrative interviews with four lesbian scholar-activists from different national and racial backgrounds. The women’s narratives suggest that a dynamic, non-linear, and contextualized representation of sexual identity development may more accurately describe lesbian identity development in terms of intersecting identities, national and local contexts, and personal and professional relationships.
The US Crime Puzzle: A Comparative Perspective on US Crime & Punishment

This paper compares actual US crime and incarceration rates to predicted rates from cross-country regressions. Global cross-country regressions of crime and incarceration on background characteristics explain much of the variation between other countries. But the estimated models predict only one-fourth of US incarceration and not all of US crime. The coincidence of the non-negative US crime residuals with the very large positive US incarceration residual constitutes a puzzle. The two pieces fit together only if the residual US incarceration does not contribute to a reduction in crime, except to the extent an omitted criminogenic factor pushes up US crime. The paper quantifies this relationship. Drawing on additional evidence from comparative and US-specific data, it argues that the puzzle's most plausible solution combines low effectiveness of mass incarceration with omitted criminogenic factors such as neighborhood segregation.
What Is Solution Focused Anxiety Management, and How Is It Different from Other Approaches?

This chapter introduces the conceptual foundation, attitudes, and methods of solution-focused practice and the author’s strategic solution focused perspective. It discusses the concept of anxiety management and how it differs from an “anxiety elimination” paradigm. The chapter covers how the class began and evolved over the years. There is discussion of the “common and specific” components of evidence-based treatment and how this approach is similar to and different from cognitive behavioral therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and process group therapy. Throughout, there is an assumption that people already have significant strengths and that they can discover and build on what works for them.
Direction Sensitive Wedge-Casting for Trade Area Delineation

Executive Summary.Real estate market analysis begins with the correct spatial delineation of the geographic market trade area. The less accurate the spatial delineation, the greater the error intro...
Role of fungal dynein in hyphal growth, microtubule organization, spindle pole body motility and nuclear migration

Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-associated motor protein with several putative subcellular functions. Sequencing of the gene (DHC1) for cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain of the filamentous ascomycete, Nectria haematococca, revealed a 4,349-codon open reading frame (interrupted by two introns) with four highly conserved P-loop motifs, typical of cytoplasmic dynein heavy chains. The predicted amino acid sequence is 78.0% identical to the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain of Neurospora crassa, 70.2% identical to that of Aspergillus nidulans and 24.8% identical to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genomic copy of DHC1 in N. haematococca wild-type strain T213 was disrupted by inserting a selectable marker into the central motor domain. Mutants grew at 33% of the wild-type rate, forming dense compact colonies composed of spiral and highly branched hyphae. Major cytological phenotypes included (1) absence of aster-like arrays of cytoplasmic microtubules focused at the spindle pole bodies of post-mitotic and interphase nuclei, (2) limited post-mitotic nuclear migration, (3) lack of spindle pole body motility at interphase, (4) failure of spindle pole bodies to anchor interphase nuclei, (5) nonuniform distribution of interphase nuclei and (6) small or ephemeral Spitzenkorper at the apices of hyphal tip cells. Microtubule distribution in the apical region of tip cells of the mutant was essentially normal. The nonuniform distribution of nuclei in hyphae resulted primarily from a lack of both post-mitotic nuclear migration and anchoring of interphase nuclei by the spindle pole bodies. The results support the hypothesis that DHC1 is required for the motility and functions of spindle pole bodies, normal secretory vesicle transport to the hyphal apex and normal hyphal tip cell morphogenesis.
Using Triage Figuratively to Describe Effective Teaching in Physical Education

This article presents critical outcomes for physical education in a “triage” framework by comparing the process of determining the severity of injuries at the scene of an accident to the process of prioritizing decisions in the classroom. The intent is to reduce all possible outcomes of effective teaching to six nonnegotiable outcomes for every lesson. This article gives many practical suggestions for meeting outcomes, such as phrasing questions and tasks indirectly and managing the classroom in a way that allows students to take ownership of certain decisions. The synergistic relationship among outcomes is emphasized, such as the effect that teacher enthusiasm and passion has on all other outcomes. More crucial than defending the legitimacy of the particular outcomes suggested, is the need for all physical educators to determine their most important outcomes and then make decisions that accomplish those over others — that is, a triage process.
Atomic-Scale Understanding of the Interaction of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) with the NiO (100) Surface: A First-Principles Study

Although NiO exhibits great potential as a hole transport layer in polymer organic electronic devices, our understanding of the atomic structure of organics/NiO interfaces and the effect of NiO surface modification on device performance is still limited. Here, we report the study of the structure and electronic properties of the monomer of the regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT)/NiO (100) interface by means of first-principles calculations. Different adsorption sites and orientations were studied, and a global minimum configuration was determined. The backbone of P3HT monomer prefers to orient along the O—O direction, while the side chains prefer to align in the Ni—O direction of the NiO (100) surface. Although a significant contribution to the adsorption energy comes from the side chains, strong electronic coupling is found between the backbone of P3HT and NiO. Our calculations indicate that the interfacial electronic structure of organics/NiO is key to device performance. Further, the calculat...
World System, Class, and State in Third World Development Toward an Integrative Framework of Political Economy

The currently popular political economy approach to Third World development is divided in terms of three primary foci of analysis: (1) dependency or the world economic system; (2) the internal clas...
Effects of Initial Conditions on the Results of Transient Seepage Analyses

Measured profiles of soil suction beneath level ground, in river banks, and within slopes of silty sands, sandy gravels, clayey residual soils and compacted clay are presented. These show that under field conditions the variation of soil suction with depth is affected by soil type and climate (rainfall, evaporation), and is always less than 100% of the variation of suction with depth that would exist for hydrostatic conditions. The calculated rate of progression towards steady seepage occurs more rapidly when initial values of suction are smaller, and for this reason the initial conditions used in analyses are an important factor in transient seepage analyses. Example analyses described in the paper show the effects of initial conditions on rate of progression of the phreatic surface through a levee during a flood.
Living a Lie: Self-Deception, Habit, and Social Roles

In this paper I give an account of self-deception by situating it within the theory of human conduct advanced by American pragmatists John Dewey and George Herbert Mead. After examining and rejecting the two most prevalent explanations of self-deception - namely, Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic interpretation and Jean-Paul Sartre's phenomenological one - I provide a brief sketch of some of Dewey's and Mead's fundamental insights into the inherently social nature of mind.
Fasting plasma ghrelin levels are reduced, but not suppressed during OGTT in obese African American adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to evaluate total plasma ghrelin (TGh) concentration and its correlation with leptin and insulin in obese African American (AA) adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Insulin, leptin, and TGh were measured for 15 non-obese controls in fasted state and 19 obese AA adolescents on samples collected during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using radioimmunoassay kits. The hormonal concentrations were compared at fasting levels between obese and non-obese AA adolescents. Insulin, leptin, and TGh concentrations were also compared during OGTT in the obese group. RESULTS: Fasting TGh was significantly lower in obese AA adolescents compared to non-obese controls, while fasting leptin and insulin were significantly higher in obese AA adolescents compared to non-obese controls. During OGTT, for the obese group, TGh increased significantly and plasma leptin decreased significantly. A significant negative correlation was found between TGh and leptin at 30 and 120 min, but at no other time points (0, 60, and 90 min). A significant positive correlation was found between TGh and insulin at 30 min during OGTT, but no other time points. CONCLUSIONS: TGh was lower in obese AA adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes and a significant correlation occurred between TGh and leptin and TGh and insulin during OGGT at specific time points in our obese group. These findings indicate that insulin resistant obese AA adolescents have impaired ghrelin suppression.
Amnion as a surrogate tissue reporter of the effects of maternal preeclampsia on the fetus.

Preeclampsia, traditionally characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria, is a common pregnancy complication, which affects 2–8 % of all pregnancies. Although children born to women with preeclampsia have a higher risk of hypertension in later life, the mechanism of this increased risk is unknown. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has been studied as a mediator of cellular memory of adverse exposures in utero. Since each cell type in the body has a unique DNA profile, cell subtype composition is a major confounding factor in studies of tissues with heterogeneous cell types. The best way to avoid this confounding effect is by using purified cell types. However, using purified cell types in large cohort translational studies is difficult. The amnion, the inner layer of the fetal membranes of the placenta, is derived from the epiblast and consists of two cell types, which are easy to isolate from the delivered placenta. In this study, we demonstrate the value of using amnion samples for DNA methylation studies, revealing distinctive patterns between fetuses exposed to proteinuria or hypertension and fetuses from normal pregnancies. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, HpaII tiny fragment Enrichment by Ligation-mediated PCR (HELP)-tagging, on 62 amnion samples from the placentas of uncomplicated, normal pregnancies and from those with complications of preeclampsia or hypertension. Using a regression model approach, we found 123, 85, and 99 loci with high-confidence hypertension-associated, proteinuria-associated, and hypertension- and proteinuria-associated DNA methylation changes, respectively. A gene ontology analysis showed DNA methylation changes to be selecting genes with different biological processes in exposure status. We also found that these differentially methylated regions overlap loci previously reported as differentially methylated regions in preeclampsia. Our findings support prior observations that preeclampsia is associated with changes of DNA methylation near genes that have previously been found to be dysregulated in preeclampsia. We propose that amniotic membranes represent a valuable surrogate fetal tissue on which to perform epigenome-wide association studies of adverse intrauterine conditions.
Nitrogen balance and amino acid disappearance from the small intestine in calves fed soybean meal-, toasted soybean meal- or corn gluten meal-supplemented diets.

Nine crossbred (Hereford X Angus X Charolais) heifer calves (139 kg; 6 mo of age) with abomasal and ileal cannulas were used in a repeated design to evaluate N balance and amino acid disappearance in the small intestine. Calves were fed either soybean meal (SBM), toasted SBM (TSBM, 93 C for 90 min) or corn gluten meal (CGM) as supplemental protein sources. Each calf received approximately 83 g N/d from a cottonseed hull-corn based diet with 43% of the total dietary N supplied by the test proteins. Each experimental period consisted of a 10-d adaptation, 6-d digesta collection and 5-d excreta collection. Following the first 21-d period, calves were randomly re-allotted to treatment and the sampling process was repeated. Dry matter (64%) and N digestibilities (61%) and N retention (36.8 g/d) were similar (P greater than .10) among treatments. Nitrogen flow to the small intestine was similar for TSBM- and CGM-fed calves (119.1 g/d), but greater (P less than .01) than for those offered SBM (96.3 g/d). Offering TSBM and CGM resulted in greater quantities of essential, nonessential and total amino acids reaching the abomasum compared with SBM. Total amino acid flow to the small intestine was 100, 120 and 128% of intake for SBM, TSBM and CGM, respectively. Numerically, amino acid digestibility was lower in CGM-fed calves. Methionine digestibility was highest (64.6%), while histidine was lowest (43.7%). Feeding CGM may result in greater quantities of amino acids reaching the small intestine; however, several of these amino acids may be less digestible than for TSBM.
A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, PhFBH4, regulates flower senescence by modulating ethylene biosynthesis pathway in petunia

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in regulating multiple biological processes in plants. However, there are few reports about the function of bHLHs in flower senescence. In this study, a bHLH TF, PhFBH4, was found to be dramatically upregulated during flower senescence. Transcription of PhFBH4 is induced by plant hormones and abiotic stress treatments. Silencing of PhFBH4 using virus-induced gene silencing or an antisense approach extended flower longevity, while transgenic petunia flowers with an overexpression construct showed a reduction in flower lifespan. Abundance of transcripts of senescence-related genes (SAG12, SAG29) was significantly changed in petunia PhFBH4 transgenic flowers. Furthermore, silencing or overexpression of PhFBH4 reduced or increased, respectively, transcript abundances of important ethylene biosynthesis-related genes, ACS1 and ACO1, thereby influencing ethylene production. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the PhFBH4 protein physically interacted with the G-box cis-element in the promoter of ACS1, suggesting that ACS1 was a direct target of the PhFBH4 protein. In addition, ectopic expression of this gene altered plant development including plant height, internode length, and size of leaves and flowers, accompanied by alteration of transcript abundance of the gibberellin biosynthesis-related gene GA2OX3. Our results indicate that PhFBH4 plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development through modulating the ethylene biosynthesis pathway.
A Peculiar Imbalance: The Fall and Rise of Racial Equality in Minnesota, 1837-1869/Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865-1912

Review of: A Peculiar Imbalance: The Fall and Rise of Racial Equality in Minnesota, 1837–1869, by William D. Green and of Degrees of Freedom: The Origins of Civil Rights in Minnesota, 1865–1912, by William D. Green
Diagnosis and Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism.

Abstract Background Failure to test for pulmonary embolism (PE) can be a lethal mistake, but PE and produces symptoms similar to many other diseases. Overtesting for PE has negative consequences. Objectives Use published evidence to create a rationale and safe diagnostic approach for ambulatory and emergency patients with suspected PE in 2017. Findings Pulmonary embolism need not be pursued in patients with no symptoms of PE in the present or recent history (dyspnea, chest pain, cough or syncope), and always normal vital signs. When clinicians have a low clinical suspicion for PE or a Wells score Conclusions A thoughtful algorithm for PE exclusion and diagnosis requires pretest probability assessment in all patients, followed by selective use of clinical criteria, the quantitative D-dimer, and pulmonary vascular imaging.
A diamond in the rough desert shrublands of the Great Basin in the Western United States: A new cryptic toad species (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo ( Anaxyrus )) discovered in Northern Nevada

We describe a new species of toad from the Great Basin region of northern Nevada belonging to the Bufo ( Anaxyrus ) boreas species complex. This cryptic species was detected through genetic analyses of toad populations sampled throughout the Great Basin and the morphological evidence was quantified through extensive sampling of live toads within the region. The new species has the smallest body size in the species complex, and can be further diagnosed from other species in the complex by its large tibial glands and unique coloration. The known distribution of the new species is restricted to an area less than 6 km 2 in Dixie Valley, Churchill Co., Nevada. The Great Basin is an arid region where aquatic resources are both rare and widely scattered, making habitat suitable for anuran populations highly vulnerable to anthropogenic change. The habitat occupied by this newly described species is threatened by the incipient installation of geothermal and solar power development projects that require the water that defines its habitat.
Applied Intelligent Control Systems

Complexity of dynamic systems has manifested the need for design of new controllers that have abilities beyond those provided by the existing conventional control theory. The need for qualitative methods to model and analyze complex, uncertain, nonlinear, and high dimensional systems presents the first challenge in forming an intelligent control system (ICS).
Quantified Self: An Interdisciplinary Immersive Theater Project Supporting a Collaborative Learning Environment for CS Ethics

This paper presents Quantified Self: Immersive Data and Theater Experience (QSelf) as a case study in collaborative and interdisciplinary learning and toward a project-based education model that promotes technical art projects. 22 students from several departments engaged in a semester-long effort to produce an immersive theater show centered on ethical uses of personal data, a show that drew more than 240 people over 6 performances. The project was housed out of the computer science department and involved multiple computer science undergraduate and graduate students who had the chance to work with students from the department of theater and dance. By analyzing the technical artifacts students created and post-interviews, we found this project created a novel and productive space for computer science students to gain applied experience and learn about the social impacts of their work while the arts students gained a fluency and understanding around the technical issues presented.
Concise genealogy and anatomy of habitus

In questo saggio Loic Wacquant propone una messa a punto del concetto di habitus, correggendone alcuni fraintendimenti ricorrenti. In un primo momento ricostruisce brevemente la genealogia della nozione mettendone in luce le origini filosofiche e accennando all'uso fattone da alcuni classici delle scienze sociali. In seguito l'autore svolge una dissezione dell'habitus all'interno dell'opera di Pierre Bourdieu e ne ricostruisce puntualmente l'anatomia, riferendosi anche alla propria esperienza di ricerca etnografica.
Using Fault Tree Analysis with Cobit 5 Risk Scenarios

Information System Audit and Control Association (ISACA) proposed a preliminary idea on applying fault tree analysis to look at the root reasons for the IT risks outlined in COBIT 5 Risk Scenarios. So far, there was no prescriptive procedure/methodology, which could be used to build the fault tree. This research looked into various methodologies for building the fault tree and proposed a new methodology, which could be used for analysis of risks outlined in COBIT 5 Risk Scenarios document. The methodology has been developed specific to COBIT 5 processes to build the fault tree, which, in turn, can help to outline the common factors that lead to failure of the processes subsequently leading to a risk. Fault tree analysis, could help to improve processes and suggest potential mitigation strategy to improve management/governance of IT. The paper also includes a sample of using the proposed methodology on one of the risk scenarios in order to calculate minimal cut set of IT management practices that organization needs to focus on to address specific risks.
A data flow language for hybrid query and programming languages

In this paper, we present trix, which formalizes the data flow mechanisms used in low level descriptions of algorithms that implement data base as well as programming constructs. We show that the data flow formalism permits concise expression of physical data base operators and functional evaluation, and that the formalism permits unified reasoning about the equivalence of programs of each and all of these paradigms. Specifically, we present trix formally, illustrate how programming patterns (specifically queries) translate into trix, and use "data flow equivalence" equational reasoning to show some common optimizations correct. Finally we show how the use of trix as an intermediate language can improve performance for some standard benchmarks.
MBR models for uncertainty regions of moving objects

The increase in the advanced location based services such as traffic coordination and management necessitates the need for advanced models tracking the positions of Moving Objects (MOs) like vehicles. Computers cannot continuously update locations of MOs because of computational overhead, which limits the accuracy of evaluating MOs' positions. Due to the uncertain nature of such positions, efficiently managing and quantifying the uncertainty regions of MOs are needed in order to improve query response time. These regions can be rather irregular which makes them unsuitable for indexing. This paper presents Minimum Bounding Rectangles (MBR) approximations for three uncertainty region models, namely, the Cylinder Model (CM), the Funnel Model of Degree 1 (FMD1) and the Funnel Model of Degree 2 (FMD2). We also propose an estimation of the MBR of FMD2 that achieves a good balance between computation time and selectivity (false-hits). Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real spatio-temporal datasets showed an order of magnitude improvement of the estimated model over the other modeling methods in terms of the number of MBRs retrieved during query process, which directly corresponds to the number of physical page accesses.
Stochastic on-time arrival problem in transit networks

Abstract This article considers the stochastic on-time arrival problem in transit networks where both the travel time and the waiting time for transit services are stochastic. A specific challenge of this problem is the combinatorial solution space due to the unknown ordering of transit line arrivals. We propose a network structure appropriate to the online decision-making of a passenger, including boarding, waiting and transferring. In this framework, we design a dynamic programming algorithm that is pseudo-polynomial in the number of transit stations and travel time budget, and exponential in the number of transit lines at a station, which is a small number in practice. To reduce the search space, we propose a definition of transit line dominance, and techniques to identify dominance, which decrease the computation time by up to 90% in numerical experiments. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted on both a synthetic network and the Chicago transit network.
Fractional condensation and aging of pyrolysis oil from softwood and organosolv lignin

Abstract Softwood and organosolv lignin were pyrolized in a fluidized bed reactor. In each case, fractional condensation was achieved through two cyclonic condensers, maintained at different temperatures, and separated by an electrostatic precipitator. The produced oil was analyzed for liquid yield, water content, acidity, calorific value, carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-oxygen content, viscosity, and rheology. To assess the effects of aging on the quality of the bio-oil, these tests were repeated after one-, two-, three- and nine- month intervals. The organosolv lignin is found to provide lower oil yields (30%) than softwood (50%). It is shown that higher carbon and lower oxygen content in the feedstock correlates to better bio-oil quality. Lignin, with a higher carbon and lower oxygen content than softwood, results in bio-oil with less water, lower acidity, higher heating values, and higher dynamic viscosities. Increasing the condensing temperature of the first condenser delays the condensation of water and light organics in the condensing train, affecting the properties of bio-oil, especially for the softwood. Tests on aging of the bio-oil demonstrate that viscosity is the only property significantly affected by the shelf life of the oil. Present data are favorably compared with available published data, for both feedstock types.
Development of a measure to evaluate competence perceptions of natural and social science.

Interdisciplinary scientific research teams are essential for responding to society’s complex scientific and social issues. Perceptual barriers to collaboration can inhibit the productivity of teams crossing traditional disciplinary boundaries. To explore these perceptual barriers, survey measures related to perceived competence were developed and validated with a population of earth scientists (n = 449) ranging from undergraduates through professionals. Resulting competence scales included three factors that we labeled as Perceived Respect (PR), Perceived Methodological Rigor (PM), and Perceived Intelligence (Pi). A Mann-Whitney U test revealed that earth scientists perceived social science/scientists as significantly less competent than natural science/scientists. A multivariate multilevel analysis indicated that women perceived scientists as more intelligent than did men. Working with social scientists and holding an earth science PhD changed earth scientists’ perceptions of social science on multiple scales. Our study indicates that competence in scientific disciplines is a multidimensional construct. Our results from earth scientists also indicate that perceptual barriers towards other scientific disciplines should be studied further as interdisciplinarity in scientific research continues to be encouraged as a solution to many socio-scientific problems.
An Analysis of Patients Undergoing Surgical Removal of the Essure Device: A Retrospective Case Series

Abstract Objective: The aim of this research was to describe and investigate characteristics of patients who underwent surgical removal of the Essure® device (Bayer, Whippany, NJ). This device was ...
Amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase gene is a mechanism of acquired resistance to methotrexate in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is correlated with p53 gene mutations.

Although dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene amplification is a common mechanism of resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in tumor cell lines, with the exception of a few case reports, the incidence of this phenomenon as a mechanism of MTX resistance in the clinic has not been reported. We studied 38 untreated patients and 29 patients in relapse with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for gene amplification and p53 gene mutations. Three patients were studied both at diagnosis and at each of two relapses after treatment with MTX. Nine of 29 relapsed patients (31%) had low-level DHFR gene amplification (two to four gene copies) associated with increased levels of DHFR mRNA and enzyme activity. Of significance was a correlation of gene amplification with p53 mutations in seven of nine relapsed patients (P < .001). Low-level DHFR gene amplification may be an important cause of MTX resistance in ALL and strengthens the concept that mutations in the p53 gene may lead to gene amplification as a consequence of defective cell cycle control.
Attitudes of employed women toward parents who choose full-time or part-time employment following their child's birth

Perceptions of married parents were examined as a function of their gender and their employment status following their child's birth. Women employed in hourly staff positions at a university (92% White, 8% African American, Asian American, or Hispanic American) evaluated a briefly described married employed parent on thirty-one 7-point bipolar scales that described nurturance behaviors, job performance characteristics, role overload variables, and personal adjustment characteristics. Each participant rated one of four parents portrayed as either a mother or a father who, following their child's birth, either continued to work full-time or reduced her/his work hours. Full-time employees were perceived as experiencing more stress and as being less family-oriented than reduced-hour employees. Mothers were viewed as better adjusted but as experiencing more stress than fathers.