cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The road less traveled: a baccalaureate degree in software engineering

In the fall of 1996, RIT admitted the first students to a new undergraduate program in software engineering. Our goal in creating the program was to provide for the education of a new type of engineer: the software engineer. This paper presents the rationale for developing such a program, the process we followed in its design, and an outline of the distinctive features it possesses.
Isolator-Combustor Interactions in a Direct-Connect Ramjet-Scramjet Experiment

Isolator–combustor interactions are measured in a direct-connect dual-mode ramjet-scramjet experiment. An operating point approach is used to create amapping of the coupling effects between the isolator geometry, inlet flow conditions, and fuel injector behavior. The resulting isolator/injector coupling map provides a description of the response of the isolator to particular injector performance and the effective blockage it induces on the isolator flow. Existing models and correlations predicting the pressure rise across a pseudoshock and its resultant length were evaluated through comparisonwithmeasurementsmade in a heated-flow isolator duct that is coupled to a hydrogenair combustor. The observation of a normal-to-oblique shock-train transitionmechanism has led to the development of a revised shock-train operating regime description that takes into account the impact of Mach number and maximum pressure recovery on the shock configurations present in the isolator.
Effect of alcohol on surgical dexterity after a night of moderate alcohol intake.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol misuse is commonplace among health professionals. The effects of alcohol on cognition and dexterity have been shown up to 14 hours after alcohol intake. The aerospace industry has restrictions on alcohol intake, and there is pressure for the health care industry to do the same. Few studies have addressed the lingering impact alcohol has on surgical performance, and none have measured surgical dexterity using well-established Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery benchmarks. METHODS: Twenty-seven surgeons participated in this study: 11 attending surgeons, 2 fellows, and 14 resident surgeons. Three Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery tasks measured surgical dexterity: peg transfer, pattern cutting, and intracorporeal suturing. Performance on these tasks was measured before alcohol intake and the morning after a night of social drinking. Alcohol levels were measured via breathalyzer 20 minutes after completion of drinking and the following morning before testing. Time and accuracy were compared. RESULTS: The mean blood alcohol level was .076 mg/100 mL blood. Times for peg transfer, pattern cutting, and intracorporeal suturing showed no differences. Accuracy in pattern cutting was not different, but accuracy for intracorporeal suturing was significantly worse the morning after alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS: The morning after moderate alcohol intake, the time to complete Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery tasks was unchanged, but accuracy was worse. Language: en
Microstructure effects in braze joints formed between Ag/W electrical contacts and Sn-coated Cu using Cu–Ag–P filler metal

Braze joints have been formed between Ag/W electrical contact tips and Sn-coated Cu straps using a Cu–Ag–P-based filler metal by short-cycle direct conductive heating from the Cu strap side. The microstructures of the braze joints have been investigated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, focused ion beam milling, and transmission electron microscopy. The braze joints exhibit regions with two distinct types of microstructures. Type I microstructures contain three micro-constituents: FCC (Ag), FCC (Cu), and a ternary eutectic [(Ag) + (Cu) + Cu3P]. The difference between the proportions of these phases and those in the baseline filler metal can be accounted for on the basis of P loss due to self-fluxing during the brazing process. Type II microstructures contain mostly (Ag) and (Cu) with a small amount of Cu3P but no ternary eutectic mixture. Other differences from the Type I regions include a lower P content, incomplete dispersion of the Sn layer, and a refined grain size in the majority (Cu) phase. These effects are accounted for on the basis of local differences in interfacial pressure due to the geometry of the Ag/W contact surface.
Peaks, Valleys, and Plateaus in Small Cell Lung Cancer

AbstractOncologists point with pride to developments in the management of small cell lung cancer as an example of the heights modern cancer therapy has reached. Immediate improvement in both the control of cancer-related symptoms and survival are obvious in this deadly and common solid tumor affecting nearly 40,000 Americans annually.
Oceanic heat content variability in the eastern pacific ocean for hurricane intensity forecasting

Abstract Recent evidence supports the premise that the subsurface ocean structure plays an important role in modulating air–sea fluxes during hurricane passage, which in turn, affects intensity change. Given the generally sparse in situ data, it has been difficult to provide region-to-basin-wide estimates of isotherm depths and upper-ocean heat content (OHC). In this broader context, satellite-derived sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs) from multiple platforms carrying radar altimeters are blended, objectively analyzed, and combined with a hurricane-season climatology to estimate isotherm depths and OHC within the context of a reduced gravity model at 0.25° spatial intervals in the eastern Pacific Ocean where tropical cyclone intensity change occurs. Measurements from the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate in 2001, long-term tropical ocean atmosphere mooring network, and volunteer observing ship deploying expendable bathythermograph (XBT) profilers are used to carefully evaluate satellite-based mea...
Fifty Years of Gas-Phase Electron-Diffraction Structure Research: A Personal Retrospective

The author has spent nearly five decades working on the molecular structure of gaseous molecules using principally the method of electron diffraction. During this time he has seen and participated in the development of the method from its crude beginning in which the diffraction patterns were measured by hand and interpreted by eye, to the powerful, nearly automatic instrument-based methods of today. Accompanying this evolution in the method is a similar evolution in the complexity of the scientific problems. Whereas in the early days the molecules studied were necessarily simple and the parameter determinations accurate to a few hundredths of an Angstrom, electron diffraction today is routinely applied to molecules with a 10-fold greater numbers of parameters and yields results 10 times more accurate. This article summarizes some of the many recollections accumulated by the author during that professional journey.
New pharmacotherapy for airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma and COPD: targeting intracellular signaling pathways.

Abstract Airway mucus hypersecretion is a pathophysiological feature of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The hypersecretion is associated with phenotypic changes in the airways, notably, increases in the number of surface epithelial goblet cells (hyperplasia) and in the size of the submucosal glands (hypertrophy). The hyperplasia and hypertrophy are associated with increased production of mucin, the gel-forming component of mucus. The excess mucus production contributes to morbidity and mortality in many patients, particularly in those with more severe disease. Although current pharmacotherapy is effective in clinical management of patients with stable asthma, severe asthma is poorly treated and there is no current drug treatment for COPD. In neither disease is there specific, effective pharmacotherapy for the hypersecretion. Consequently, identification of potential drug targets for treatment of hypersecretion in asthma and COPD is warranted. The inflammatory mediators and the ass...
Expression recognition from 3D dynamic faces using robust spatio-temporal shape features

This paper proposes a new method for comparing 3D facial shapes using facial level curves. The pair- and segment-wise distances between the level curves comprise the spatio-temporal features for expression recognition from 3D dynamic faces. The paper further introduces universal background modeling and maximum a posteriori adaptation for hidden Markov models, leading to a decision boundary focus classification algorithm. Both techniques, when combined, yield a high overall recognition accuracy of 92.22% on the BU-4DFE database in our preliminary experiments. Noticeably, our feature extraction method is very efficient, requiring simple preprocessing, and robust to variations of the input data quality.
Forces along Equidistant Particle Paths

Two particles on the sphere leave the equator moving due south and travel at a constant and equal speed along a geodesic colliding at the south pole. An observer who is unaware of the curvature of the space will conclude that there is an attractive force acting between the particles. On the other hand, if particles travel at the same speed (initially parallel) along geodesics in the hyperbolic plane, then the particle paths diverge. Imagine two particles in the hyperbolic plane that are bound together at a constant distance with their center of mass traveling along a geodesic path at a constant velocity, then the force due to the curvature of the space acts to break the bond and increases as a quadratic function of the velocity. We consider this problem for the sphere and the hyperbolic plane and we give the exact formula for the apparent force between the particles.
SUPERVISING STUDENTS DEVELOPMENTALLY: EVALUATING A SEMINAR FOR NEW FIELD INSTRUCTORS

This study compared 14 field instructors trained in a model based on understanding MSW students' cognitive, affective, and behavioral development and modifying their supervision to meet students' changing needs with a group of 24 untrained field instructors. T-test results suggest that students of trained field instructors were significantly more satisfied than students of those untrained with their field instructors' support and provision of specific, conceptually based feedback. Implications are discussed concerning the role of social work education programs in helping field instructors develop relevant educational skills.
Apolipoprotein A-IV attenuates oxidant-induced apoptosis in mitotic competent, undifferentiated cells by modulating intracellular glutathione redox balance

Oxidant-mediated modulation of the intracellular redox state affects the apoptotic cascade by altering the balance between cellular signals for survival and suicide. Apolipoprotein A-IV (Apo A-IV) ...
The Membrane-proximal Portion of CD3 ε Associates with the Serine/Threonine Kinase GRK2

The activation of protein kinases is one of the primary mechanisms whereby T cell receptors (TCR) propagate intracellular signals. To date, the majority of kinases known to be involved in the early stages of TCR signaling are protein-tyrosine kinases such as Lck, Fyn, and ZAP-70. Here we report a constitutive association between the TCR and a serine/threonine kinase, which was mediated through the membrane-proximal portion of CD3 epsilon. Mass spectrometry analysis of CD3 epsilon-associated proteins identified G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a candidate Ser/Thr kinase. Transient transfection assays and Western blot analysis verified the ability of GRK2 to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of CD3 epsilon within a cell. These findings are consistent with recent reports demonstrating the ability of certain G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and G proteins to physically associate with the alpha/beta TCR. Because GRK2 is primarily involved in arresting GPCR signals, its interaction with CD3 epsilon may provide a novel means whereby the TCR can negatively regulate signals generated through GPCRs.
Data acquisition and management requirement for ITER

The almost continuous nature of ITER operation necessitates both data acquisition and processing to be in real-time. The distributed control system architecture associated with intelligent front-end data processing and high band-wise communication network technologies must be provided to allow for its experimental aspects. These requirement and data processing concepts are described.
Mean Residence Times of Alkali Ions on Polycrystalline Wolfram Surfaces as Studied with a Pulsed-Molecular-Beam Mass Spectrometer†‡

The mean residence time τi of alkali ions on both atomically clean and strongly gas-covered surfaces of polycrystalline wolfram has been studied with a recently developed technique of combining modulated atomic and/or molecular beams from vapors of alkali metals and alkali halides with phase-sensitive mass-spectrometic detection. The experimental arrangement allows the direct determination of the mean residence time τi of an ion on a metal surface under extremely clean surface conditions and at very small incident beam intensities (109− 1012 particles cm.−2 sec.−1) to avoid an influence of surface coverage by the beam material itself. In addition, it allows mass-spectrometric determination of the effect of the composition of the incident beam on τi. The dependence of τi on the surface temperature T is given by Frenkel's equation τi = τ exp (Ei/kT), where Ei is the ion desorption energy. With alkali chloride sources, the values tabulated below were determined over ranges within the temperature region 1100 °K < T < 1700 °K. The atomic and molecular composition of the beam significantly affected τi, e.g., for an incident beam of neutral sodium atoms, τ = (0.85 ± 0.05) × 10−13 sec. Ei = 2.69 ± 0.03 eV for Na+ on clean W. The present experiments are being extended to determine the mean residence time τα of neutral alkali atoms on wolfram surfaces. Then with the aid of the more precisely determined values of Ei and Eα and with additional knowledge of the effective work function of the surface and of the ionization energy of the incident particle, it will be possible to decide such an important question as whether or not the surface states of adsorbed atoms differ from those for ions.
Congenital Hyperplasia of the Adrenals With Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency

Summary A short survey is given of a syndrome, described previously but still little known, consisting of congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal glands with adrenal cortical insufficiency with respect to water and electrolyte hormone and increased production of androgenic hormone. Three new cases are presented. Resume On fait un court expose sur un syndrome, anterieurement decrit, mais encore peu connu, consistant en une hyperplasie congenitale des glandes surrenales, avec insuffisance de la substance corticale surrenale et production accrue d ‘hormones’ androgenes. On presente trois cas nouveaux. Zusammenfassung Der Verfasser gibt einen kurzen Uberblick uber ein Syndrom, das in der medizinischen Literatur fruher beschrieben, aber wenig bekannt ist. Es besteht aus einer kongenitalen Hyperplasie der Nebennieren mit Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz und vermehrter Absonderung von androgenem Hormon. Drei Falle sind beschrieben. Sumario El autor expone brevemente un sindrome anteriormente descrito, pero todavia poco conocido, consistiendo en una hiperplasia congenita de las glandulas suprarrenales con insuficiencia de la corteza suprarrenal y un aumento de la produccion de hormonas androgenas. Se exponen tres casos.
Processing and macroinvertebrate colonization of detritus in an Alaskan subarctic stream

Monument Creek, a second-order Alaskan subarctic stream, experiences a severe thermal regime, with water temperatures of 0°C for six months. Leaching, long-term decomposition and macroinvertebrate colonization of 5 g leaf packs were studied using leaves of the major riparian tree species, alder Alnus tenuifolia Nutt., birch Betula papyrifera Marsh. and willow Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov. subsp. alaxensis and Salix arbucolides Anders. var. glabra Anderss. The processing rates of birch (k = 0.0080) and willow (k = 0.0063) were moderate while alder was processed very rapidly (k = 0.0513). Leaching rates did not differ significantly among the three leaf species, and accounted for 10–15% of total weight loss. Densities and biovolume of colonizing insects increased from fall to winter. Shredders dominated insect biovolume by midwinter, but were a small fraction of total biovolume in leaf packs that had frozen over winter and were sampled following spring thaw. This may be a function of low food quality in spring and/or the timing of shredder life histories. Limited allochthonous input and constriction of the stream channel due to freezing, with resultant high shredder densities, may explain the relatively rapid detritus processing rates in Monument Creek, despite cold stream temperatures.
Improved Methods for Tests of Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns

We analyze tests for long-run abnormal returns and document that two approaches yield well-specified test statistics in random samples. The first uses a traditional event study framework and buy-and-hold abnormal returns calculated using carefully constructed reference portfolios. Inference is based on either a skewnessadjusted t-statistic or the empirically generated distribution of long-run abnormal returns. The second approach is based on calculation of mean monthly abnormal returns using calendar-time portfolios and a time-series t-statistic. Though both approaches perform well in random samples, misspecification in nonrandom samples is pervasive. Thus, analysis of long-run abnormal returns is treacherous. COMMONLY USED METHODS TO TEST for long-run abnormal stock returns yield misspecified test statistics, as documented by Barber and Lyon ~1997a! and Kothari and Warner ~1997!. 1 Simulations reveal that empirical rejection levels routinely exceed theoretical rejection levels in these tests. In combination, these papers highlight three causes for this misspecification. First, the new listing or survivor bias arises because in event studies of long-run abnormal returns, sampled firms are tracked for a long post-event period, but firms that constitute the index ~or reference portfolio! typically include firms that begin trading subsequent to the event month. Second, the rebalancing bias arises because the compound returns of a reference portfolio, such as an equally weighted market index, are typically calculated assuming periodic ~generally monthly! rebalancing, whereas the returns of sample firms are compounded without rebalancing. Third, the skewness bias arises because the distribution of long-run abnormal stock returns is positively skewed, * Graduate School of Management, University of California, Davis. This paper was previously entitled “Holding Size while Improving Power in Tests of Long-Run Abnormal Stock Re
Radio-Based Cooperation for Wireless Intrusion Detection

This paper presents an approach for wireless intrusion detection based on signal analysis with wavelet transform. The main function of this approach is performed by an entity called radio supervisor, which can be implemented in any node of the wireless network. Radio supervisor is also able to detect distributed attacks by cooperating with other radio supervisors via a signal-based correlation scheme that we provide for the circumstance. Finally, functions and features of the proposed approach are studied through simulations.
Current management and challenges of malignant disease in the CNS in paediatric leukaemia

Summary With 5-year event-free survival of 80% now commonplace for paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and 50% for paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), recent efforts have focused on optimum risk-directed treatment. Because cranial irradiation can cause many acute and late complications (eg, second cancers, neurocognitive deficits, endocrine disorders, and growth impairment), it has been largely replaced by intensive intrathecal treatment and systemic chemotherapy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (12–18 Gy) is given to 2–20% of patients with ALL who have an increased risk of CNS relapse (such as T-cell immunophenotype, overt CNS disease, high-risk cytogenetic features, or poor response to remission induction treatment), and for the estimated 2% of patients with AML who have overt CNS disease at diagnosis. Although this strategy restricts CNS relapse to 3–8% of patients, several challenges remain. Methods need to eliminate relapse without the use of cranial irradiation in very high-risk patients. Effective retrieval treatment is needed for patients with relapsed or refractory CNS leukaemia, and intrathecal treatment with improved efficacy and reduced side-effects remains a long-term objective. Perhaps the most formidable challenge is to treat children with CNS relapse after a short initial remission or cranial irradiation.
Optimal linear receiver for frame synchronization in TDMA systems

The most common technique for frame synchronization in TDMA systems is to precede the data burst by a unique word and detect it with a correlation receiver. However, the correlation receiver is not optimal because it does not take into account the known periodic 1-0 bit pattern for symbol timing synchronization preceding the unique word. In this paper we derive the optimal linear receiver for frame synchronization in an additive white Gaussian noise environment. A nominal change in the correlation receiver coefficients is required to implement the new receiver, leaving the receiver structure unchanged. The new receiver outperforms the correlation receiver by a signal to noise ratio of 1.5, 2.4, 3.07 and 0.6 dB for some of the unique words used in practise.
Exposure to Forceful Exertions and Vibration in a Foundry

The purpose of this research is to describe the results of a study that investigated the exposure of workers in a foundry to ergonomic risk factors. This presentation describes the characteristics of the tools investigated during this research with respect to physical work factors such as muscle activity, upper extremity posture, hand repetition, and exposure to hand/arm vibration. The analysis is based on the use of instrumentation as well as the use of observational methods to quantify these physical work elements.
Low Serum Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides Are Associated with Adverse Events in Advanced Heart Failure: The “Lipid Paradox” in MEDAMACS

Purpose Whereas the cachexia of chronic heart failure (CHF) has often implicated muscle wasting, dysregulation of lipid metabolism is emerging as another facet of this syndrome. We hypothesized that advanced heart failure patients with low serum cholesterol and triglycerides resulting from chronically activated lipolysis would be at increased risk. Methods and Materials The MEDAMACS Screening Pilot (n=168) enrolled patients with CHF on optimal therapy, LVEF Results The presence of both serum TC and TG below median (35%) was associated with elevated right atrial pressure, decreased cardiac index, decreased albumin, and increased total bilirubin, but not a decreased BMI. Over a mean follow-up of 154 days, 64 events were recorded including home inotropic support, MCS, cardiac transplantation, and mortality. The group of patients with low serum TC and TG demonstrated the highest risk of events in univariate analysis and after multivariate adjustment (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.5, 7.4; p=0.002). Decreased BMI was not associated with increased risk. [ figure 1 ] Conclusions The presence of low serum TC and TG is associated with disease progression and increased risk in advanced heart failure. Future studies will investigate the reversibility of lipid dysregulation with therapies such as MCS.
Radiation effects on fused biconical taper wavelength division multiplexers

The effects of radiation on fused biconical taper wavelength division multiplexers are presented. A theoretical model indicates that index changes in the fiber are primarily responsible for the degradation of these devices. >
Economic Opportunities and Challenges for Pharmacogenomics

Economic evaluation provides health care decision makers with a powerful tool for resource allocation decisions because it offers a framework for comparing the costs and benefits of competing interventions or options. This paper reviews how economic analyses have been applied to the field of pharmacogenomics, both by the pharmaceutical industry to inform investment decisions and by payers to make coverage decisions. There is much anticipation that pharmacogenomic testing is likely to be cost-effective because it uses genomic information to improve drug effectiveness and reduce toxicity both in the drug development process and at the bedside. However, the demonstration of economic benefits first requires that pharmacogenomic testing show evidence of clinical effectiveness. This will only be achieved by greater participation of pharmacogenomics experts in comparative effectiveness research and additional emphasis on including costs in the determination of the relative value of pharmacogenomic testing to the health care system.
Isolation of Paenibacillus glucanolyticus from pulp mill sources with potential to deconstruct pulping waste

Black liquor is a pulping waste generated by the kraft process that has potential for downstream bioconversion. A microorganism was isolated from a black liquor sample collected from the Department of Forest Biomaterials at North Carolina State University. The organism was identified as Paenibacillus glucanolyticus using 16S rRNA sequence analysis and was shown to be capable of growth on black liquor as the sole carbon source based on minimal media growth studies. Minimal media growth curves demonstrated that this facultative anaerobic microorganism can degrade black liquor as well as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify products generated by P. glucanolyticus when it was grown anaerobically on black liquor. Fermentation products which could be converted into high-value chemicals such as succinic, propanoic, lactic, and malonic acids were detected.
A Coupled-Circuit Frequency Modulator

The circuit developed in this paper uses a condenser microphone to vary the reactance of an oscillator tank circuit. Using a coupled circuit and a tuning inductance across the condenser microphone, a single-tube wide-band frequency modulator was constructed for use on 40 megacycles.
A Practical Equation of State for the Sun and Sun‐like Stars

For models of the Sun and Sun-like stars, a high-quality equation of state is crucial. Conversely, helio- and asteroseismological observations put constraints on the physical formalisms. They effectively turn the Sun and stars into laboratories for dense plasmas. For models of the Sun and Sun-like stars, the most accurate equation of state so far has been the one developed as part of OPAL opacity project of Livermore. However, the OPAL equation of state is limited in two important respects. First, it is only available in the form of pre-computed tables that are provided from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Applications to stellar modeling require therefore interpolation, with unavoidable loss of accuracy. Second, the OPAL equation of state is proprietary and not freely available. Varying its underlying physical parameters is therefore no option for the community. We report on the most recent progress with the development of a high-precision emulation of the OPAL equation of state that will lead to an in-line tool for modelers (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reduction in perseverative errors with adjunctive ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with schizophrenia: Preliminary study.

Abstract Introduction Patients with schizophrenia have significant cognitive deficits, generally resistant to conventional treatment. This preliminary study examined the effects of ethyl-eicosapentanoate (EPA) on an executive function in early course patients. Patients and methods Patients with schizophrenia were given, after an informed consent, 2 g of an EPA daily for 24 weeks, in an open-label study. The Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) was administered at baseline, weeks 4, 12 and 24. Results The 27 patients, with a mean duration of illness of 4.2 years, were all receiving atypical antipsychotics; treatment remained unchanged for the study. Perseverative errors – the key measure derived from WCST – were significantly reduced from the baseline mean of 28.2 to 18.4 errors at week 24. Positive symptoms also improved significantly. There were no correlations between EPA levels and any clinical or other neuropsychological measures. Conclusion These findings suggest that an EPA has procognitive effects for patients with schizophrenia, but controlled trials are required.
Using the Common Core: Differentiating a Middles Grades Reading Standard

The two authors of this manuscript are professors at a university in Georgia, and work closely with preservice and in-service teachers. In addition to teaching courses on literacy, the authors also offer professional development opportunities to schools around the state on how to properly differentiate instruction. What we have noticed is that many teachers at the middle grade level (4th â€“ 8th grades) struggle with differentiated instruction, even more so, than their elementary counterparts. Part of this struggle is because the teachers simply never learned how to do this properly. Part of this is because they have many more students than their elementary colleagues, and are overwhelmed by the thought of individualizing lessons for 150 students. This paper seeks to propose a model that is seeing success with middle grades teachers in Georgia. There is a chance that this model, which is actually a lesson plan format, will be helpful to other teachers who are looking to differentiate instruction in their classrooms.
Out of Work and Out of Luck? Layoffs, System Justification, and Hiring Decisions for People Who Have Been Laid Off

Are hiring decisions affected by knowledge that a job applicant was previously laid off? We expected decisional biases to be linked with the motivational tendency to believe that society is fair and outcomes are just and deserved (hereafter, system justifying beliefs [SJBs]). Indeed, hiring decisions were more likely to disadvantage a laid off applicant as SJBs increased both when detailed job application information was reviewed for one laid off applicant (Study 1) and when the applicant was described as one of many laid off as the result of corporate downsizing (Study 2). Furthermore, both experiments supported a mediation model, whereby greater endorsement of SJBs was associated with greater perceptions of weaknesses in the laid off applicant, which in turn led to less sympathy, and finally to biased hiring decisions. Study 2 additionally demonstrated that all findings held when controlling for other ideologies.
Socioeconomic differences in overweight and weight-related behaviors across adolescence and young adulthood: 10-year longitudinal findings from Project EAT

Reducing socioeconomic disparities in weight-related health is a public health priority. The purpose of this paper was to examine 10-year longitudinal patterns in overweight and weight-related behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood as a function of family-level socioeconomic status (SES) and educational attainment. Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) followed a diverse sample of 2287 adolescents from 1999 to 2009. Mixed-effects regression tested longitudinal trends in overweight, fast food, breakfast skipping, physical inactivity, and screen use by family-level SES. The influence of subsequent educational attainment in young adulthood was examined. Results revealed that the prevalence of overweight increased significantly from adolescence to young adulthood with the greatest change seen in those from low SES (mean change=30.7%, 95% CI=25.6%-35.9%) as compared to high SES families (mean change=21.7%, 95% CI=18.2%-25.1%). Behavioral changes from adolescence to young adulthood also differed by SES background; the prevalence of frequent fast food intake (≥3times/week) increased most dramatically in those from low SES (mean change=6%, 95% CI=0.5%-11%) as compared to high SES families (mean change=-1.2%, 95% CI=-5.2%-2.9%). Overall trends suggest that a higher educational attainment mitigates the negative impacts of a low SES background. These findings suggest that continued effort is needed to ensure that public health strategies addressing obesity and related behaviors reach adolescents and young adults from low SES backgrounds and do not contribute to widening socioeconomic gaps in weight-related health.
Plasmodial Fusion in Physarum Polycephalum: Genetic Analysis of a Turtox Strain

Because of a unique combination of characteristics, the plasmodium, or vegetative stage, of Physarum polycephalum Schw. is a favorite research object of many investigators (8, 13) in a wide variety of disciplines. In my work the features of greatest utility are its capacity to migrate on solid surfaces and absence of a rigid cell wall. For example, when two plasmodia are placed side by side on an agar surface, eventually they collide. Typically, within minutes following contact fusion occurs if they are compatible. The purpose of this report is to show that fusion in the Turtox strain of P. polycephalum is controlled by a multilocus (or polygenic) system, with dominance at probably four loci. Fusion occurs when two plasmodia are at least "phenotypically" alike for all fusion loci. Nonfusion is a consequence of a phenotypic difference at one or more loci. These conclusions are not in agreement with two earlier reports (5, 12) in which the explanation is offered that somatic fusion is controlled by one locus, "f," with multiple alleles and no dominance.
Sequential response of pluripotent and committed hematopoietic colony forming cells to Rauscher leukemia virus.

SummaryThe effects of Rauscher leukemia virus injection on the development of response in the CFU-S and CFU-C compartments and on the development of the clinical responses of splenomegaly, total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and granulocyte count have been measured with respect to each other as a function of time. The results indicate an action of Rauscher disease on both the granulocytic and the plu-ripotent stem cell compartments, with the effects on the pluripotent compartment generally preceding or occurring simultaneously with those seen on the committed granulocytic progenitors, the peripheral white blood compartment, and on spleen size. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the response of the CFU-S in the disease reflects a direct effect of the virus on that cell, rather than an indirect effect brought about by earlier disturbances occurring among the committed and differentiating stem cells and in the blood-forming organs and the peripheral blood.
10 Gbps NRZ-DPSK modulation in SOA-based optical packet switching networks

Differential phase-shift keying transmission in optical packet switching networks can reduce pattern-induced distortion incurred in the semiconductor optical amplifier based switching elements, but phase noise becomes the performance limitation of the physical layer network scalability. (2 pages)
Experimental study on hydrogen peroxide and polyethylene hybrid rocket motors

A pressurization test system for H2O2PE hybrid rocket motors and the hybrid rocket motor structures are presented. The method for defining the working point of the hybrid rocket motor is discussed. The best ratio of oxidizer to fuel is adjusted for high combustion efficiency and high specific impulse.The phenomenon and the mechanism of low frequency oscillation combustion are also analyzed. With the aid of concept of fuel and oxidizer combustion delaying, theoretic calculation is done for simulating coupling oscillation between feed system and chamber pressure. Some methods are provided for avoiding and preventing low frequency oscillation in the hybrid rocket motors
THE DEVELOPMENT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY ON FLUID FLOWING IN THE DEFORMATION MEDIA GAS RESERVOIR

The theory of the fluid flowing at the deformed porous media gas reservoir is developing with the one of fluid flowing through porous media, and the production of deformation media gas reservoir is the one of fluid-solid coupling. In the early time, the main intention was to study the relation among pressure, porosity and permeability of reservoir. After the effective stress was introduced, the fluid flow model about liner elastic deformation was established, later, the fluid-solid coupling model about nonlinear elastic or plastic deformation. Now, the coupling model have been established considering the relation about fluid flow, stress and temperature. In China, the study of theory started very late and was based on the foreign theory . After 1990s, many scholars have begun to study the theory and gained many good results. And these results are very important to develop the gas reservoir in China at present. Certainly, the theory needs to be perfected continuously and be made a theory system for production.
Predicting Community College and University Student Success: A Test of the Triadic Reciprocal Model for Two Populations

The current study explored the differential influences that behavioral learning strategies (i.e., cognitive–metacognitive, resource management), motivational profiles, and academic anxiety appraisals have on college-level learners in two unique learning contexts. Using multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis, the study first compared these variables across learners from a community college and traditional 4-year university located within the same regional area. The study also employed a series of multiple regression analyses to investigate the influence of these variables in predicting student performance outcomes (i.e., grade point average). The results illustrate that prior research on those factors most salient within student academic success prediction models within a social cognitive framework function as expected for the university population. However, the community college learner experience deviates significantly from this standard model. For the community college learner, it i...
The Effect of a Ganglion-blocking Agent (Hexamethonium Bromide) upon the Secretory Response to Feeding in Dogs with Selective Vagotomy of the Parietal Cell Mass

Amdrup, B. M. & Griffith, C. A. 1970. The Effect of a Ganglion-blocking Agent (Hexamethonium Bromide) upon the Secretory Response to Feeding in Dogs with Selective Vagotomy of the Parietal Cell Mas...
Neutrophil-mediated phospholipid peroxidation assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy

Disease pathophysiology frequently involves manifestations of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Oxyradicals represent key inflammatory mediators, and neutrophils are one important source of oxyradicals. This investigation examined neutrophil-mediated peroxidation of dilinoleoyl phosphatidyl-choline (DLPC) liposomes by monitoring the appearance of monohydroxyl linoleic acid with the use of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), compared with traditional assessment of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and phosphatidylcholine-specific conjugated dienes. DLPC was peroxidized in a system using activated neutrophils in balanced salt solution containing chelated iron. 9-Monohydroxyl linoleic acid and 13-monohydroxyl linoleic acid were readily identified in neutrophil-mediated peroxidized DLPC with the use of GC-MS. Neutrophil NADPH oxidoreductase specific activity correlated highly with total ion current or specific ion monitoring of integrated peak areas for peroxidized linoleic acid but correlated poorly with DLPC-derived TBARS or conjugated dienes. These results ascertain that activated neutrophils mediate phosphatidylcholine lipid peroxidation to specific products, which may be precisely monitored with the use of GC-MS. The extent of this peroxidation is highly correlated with the magnitude of the neutrophil respiratory burst.
Abstract 4072: Molecular cytogenetic characterization of HPV types 16 and 18 cervical cancers: Acquired genomic instability by E6 and E7 oncoproteins

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) high-risk types 16 and 18 are directly associated with approximately 90% incidence of invasive cervical carcinoma. Epithelial cells infected with HPV become transformed and acquire genomic instability. As a result of this transformation, E6 and E7 oncogenes are perpetually expressed. E6 degrades the tumor suppressor p53; E7 inhibits tumor suppressor pRB, leading to disproportionate target cell growth and proliferation. While there have been studies exploring genomic instability induced by HPV oncoproteins E6/E7, the full scope of the genomic damage has not been clearly characterized. Three HPV positive cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa (HPV18), SiHa (HPV16) and CaSki (HPV16), were studied using Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) and Giemsa banding (G-banding). Our results using SKY and G-banding analysis showed HeLa cells exhibited frequent translocations on chromosomes 4 and 11, and deletions on chromosomes 11 and 20. The SiHa cells exhibited translocations primarily on chromosomes 9 and 20, with deletions on chromosome 10. CaSki revealed translocations on chromosomes 10 and 4, with deletions on chromosome 21. All three cell lines gained copies on chromosome 5. The aforementioned aneuploidy is demonstrative of the induced genomic instability acquired from HPV infection, which include tumor suppressor genes; p53 and pRB disruptions caused by E6 and E7 oncoproteins. HeLa cells showed extensive genomic instability on chromosome 11q22-23, where the ATM gene is located. Acquired genomic instability to the ATM chromosome region may further increase the rate of cervical cancer. Citation Format: Karen Tate, Lucy Tran, Melanie Baker, Kamilah Evans, Mechelle Rouse, Seyung Chung, Duy Nguyen, Juri Kim, Enijah Smith-Joe, Jay Vadgama, Mengtao Li, Yu-Ling Lin, Roland Patillo, Eva McGhee. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of HPV types 16 and 18 cervical cancers: Acquired genomic instability by E6 and E7 oncoproteins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4072.
Mutations of Knotted Alter Cell Interactions in the Developing Maize Leaf

The mature maize leaf is composed of an encircling sheath and a blade which tilts outward. At the juncture of leaf and blade is the ligule, a fringe-like tissue on the adaxial surface of the leaf (Figure 1). The ligule arises early in leaf development before the sheath and blade have differentiated. Additional features of the maize leaf are parallel longitudinal files of stomata on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, three types of vascular bundles, and two types of photosynthetic cells. There is the median vein or midrib, 20–30 lateral veins, and intermediate veins, of which 10 or so are found between the lateral veins. The maize leaf exhibits typical Kranz anatomy (Brown, 1975) with the photosynthetic enzymes compartmentalized into two different cell types, the mesophyll cells and the bundle sheath cells. From anatomical studies, Dengler and coworkers (1985) suggested that the lineages of these two cell types were distinct. However, a detailed clonal analysis using genetic instability to create sectors, suggests that the dimorphism into these two cell types is position dependent. Langdale and coworkers (1989) determined that the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are not clonally separate. In fact, the bundle sheath cells share a lineage with the mesophyll cells in the middle laver of the leaf.
Radiation Risk to the Fluoroscopy Operator and Staff.

OBJECTIVE. Recent articles discussing cases of brain cancer in interventionalists have raised concerns regarding the hazards of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. We review the basics of radiation dose and the potential radiation effects, particularly as they pertain to the operator. Then we present the data regarding the risk of each type of radiation effect to the fluoroscopy operator and staff, with special attention on cancer induction, radiation-induced cataracts, and the pregnant operator. CONCLUSION. Although the evidence overwhelmingly shows that exposure to higher doses of radiation carries a risk of cancer and tissue reactions, the risks of chronic exposure to low-level radiation are less clear. Many studies examining occupational exposure to radiation fail to show an increased risk of stochastic effects of radiation, but the positive results raise concern that the studies are underpowered to consistently detect the small risk. The lack of information in these studies about radiation d...
The dosimetric and radiobiological impact of calculation grid size on head and neck IMRT

Abstract Purpose Small-volume structures usually found in the head and neck may be susceptible to dose-volume averaging, which has not been studied. Here, the impact of calculation grid size on dose distribution for tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) is investigated for head and neck (H&N) intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods and materials IMRT plans were generated for H&N patients with different grid sizes (1-5 mm) to calculate dose and related TCP and NTCP. Dose parameters such as D 2% , D 50% , D 98% , and the homogeneity and conformity indices were calculated. The dose distributions were also compared with measured dose for all IMRT plans. A 1-tailed pair t test was used to analyze the data. Results The mean dose to planning target volume and TCP decreases with increasing grid size, whereas for organs at risk (OARs), mean dose, and NTCP increase with increasing grid size. The average mean dose to planning target volume decreases linearly with grid size, but for OARs such as cochlea, parotid gland, and the spinal cord, mean dose increases with grid size. IMRT dose verification showed that the number of points meeting the gamma criterion of 3%/3 mm increased with decreasing grid sizes. The homogeneity index for the target increased up to 60% and conformity index decreased on average by 3.5% between 1- to 5-mm grid that resulted in decreased TCP and increased NTCP. A 1-tailed pair t test showed significant statistical differences among various grid size calculations compared with 1-mm grids. Conclusions Based on our findings, the smallest possible grid size should be used for accurate dose calculation in small-volume structures—especially in H&N planning. A smaller calculation grid provides superior dosimetry with improved TCP as well as reduced NTCP, which is more pronounced for smaller OARs.
Ka-Band (35 GHz) Low-noise 180 nm SOI CMOS Amplifier

We present the development of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) Ka-band (35 GHz) low-noise amplifier (LNA) designed in MIT-Lincoln Laboratory (MIT-LL) 180 nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS technology fabricated on a "float zone" (2000 ohm-cm) substrate. The LNA exhibits a noise figure of 6.5 dB and an associated gain of 6.7 dB at 37 GHz while consuming 27.5 mW of DC power. When biased for maximum gain the LNA exhibits 7.3 dB gain at 35.8 GHz