cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic formulation of geometric integrability and associated Riccati system generating conservation laws

An intrinsic version of the integrability theorem for the classical Backlund theorem is presented. It is characterized by a one-form which can be put in the form of a Riccati system. It is shown how this system can be linearized. Based on this result, a procedure for generating an infinite number of conservation laws is given.
Extracting Wideband Dielectric Properties of Stacked Packaging Substrates Using Coaxial Airlines

This article is a study of dielectric characterization of packaging substrates using a 1.85-mm coaxial airline. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that wideband dielectric properties have been demonstrated up to 67 GHz using a single coaxial airline. The algorithm used to extract the material properties is Chalapat’s reference-plane-invariant (RPI) method. The measurement system and the extraction method are validated using air as the material under test (MUT) with SOLT and offset calibration. Traditionally, a sample length of less than $0.5\lambda $ is recommended for material extraction. However, this lowers the accuracy of the material properties. We utilized the advantage of RPI to stack fixed thickness samples to increase the MUT length. This produces a flat response and improves the accuracy of the extracted dielectric constant and loss tangent. The HFSS simulation and the Debye model have been used to compare dielectric properties with measurement using this airline.
Factors associated with perceived social support of patients with multiple sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is related with unpredictable course and increasing disability. Social support as an available interpersonal resource may help patients with MS. The purposeof the present studywas to evaluate perceived social support in patients with MS as well as the associated factors. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study included 200 patients with MS. Data collection was performed by the completion of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and a questionnaire which included patients' characteristics. Results: Patients reported to perceive high support from significant others and their family (median: 24.0 and 23.5, respectively) and less from their friends (median: 20). Moreover, a statistically significant association was found between social support from significant others and marital status (P = 0.010), modification of daily activities (P = 0.018), difficulties with social and family environment (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively), frequent urination (P = 0.015), and whether they easily forgot (P = 0.049), characterized themselves as anxious (P = 0.049), and believed in God (P = 0.002). Also, a statistically significant association was fond between social support from family and relation with health professionals (P = 0.041), difficulties with social and family environment (P = 0.003 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively), and whether they considered themselves as anxious (P = 0.050), and they believed in God (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was found between support from friends and modification of daily activities (P = 0.010), help in daily activities (P = 0.016), need for movement assistance (P = 0.001), difficulties with social and family environment (P ≤ 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively), and whether they considered themselves anxious (P = 0.046). Conclusion: Factors associated with perceived social support should be evaluated when planning holistic care to patients with MS.
On-chip Electrothermal Switching of Low-loss Phase Change Materials for Nonvolatile Programmable Photonic Circuits

The quest for efficient programmable photonic circuits requires active optical components with low insertion loss, small form factor, and low electrical power consumption [1] . The most common low-loss phase shifter – the key building block – employs electrically driven heaters to exploit thermo-optic effects. However, these devices require a constant power supply, suffer from thermal crosstalk, and their sizes are typically >100 µm. Here, we demonstrate a novel alternative that meets all the aforementioned requirements. We use silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides with patterned n ++ - n - n ++ doped-silicon microheaters to electrothermally switch, with a single pulse, a cell of Sb 2 Se 3 between its two optically distinct, nonvolatile states: amorphous and crystalline. Sb 2 Se 3 is a phase change material (PCM) that offers a ∆n ≈ 0.77 upon switching between states with vanishingly small losses at 1550nm [2] . This unique set of properties allows for phase-only modulation [3] , which sets a precedent in a growing PCM photonics field familiar with PCMs for amplitude modulation at the telecom band [4] .
Increased Body Mass Index Associated with Increased Risky Sexual Behaviors.

Abstract Study Objective The increasing prevalence of adolescent obesity has led to consideration of the potential effect of obesity on risky sexual behaviors. In the current study we examined whether body mass index (BMI) was related to age at sexual debut, type of sexual behavior, partner number, and condom use in a population of adolescent women at high risk for obesity and risky sexual behaviors. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional examination of 860 sexually active, predominantly minority, adolescent women who received medical care at an urban health center from 2007 through 2013. Intervention and Main Outcome Measures Self-reported age at sexual debut, types of sexual intercourse, number of partners and condom use was compared with clinically assessed BMI. Results BMI was positively associated with number of sexual partners (P = .001) and history of attempted anal intercourse (P = .002). An inverse association was observed with age at first anal intercourse (P = .040). Conclusion In this sample of adolescent women, increased BMI was associated with riskier sexual practices at a younger age. Results of this study suggest that overweight and obese adolescents are a vulnerable population who might need targeted sexual health counseling.
An algorithm to convert wafer to calendar-based preventive maintenance schedules for semiconductor manufacturing systems

The work presented here is related to the area of optimal preventive maintenance (PM) scheduling in semiconductor manufacturing systems. Specifically, we develop models and algorithms to convert PM task schedules based on the count of wafers processed into equivalent calendar PM schedules. These equivalent calendar-based tasks can then be used within an optimization algorithm for PM scheduling. We propose a discrete mathematical model and an algorithm to convert from wafer-count targets into equivalent calendar dates. An extension of this model and algorithm is presented to perform conversions of other types of PM's, such as those based on processing time or energy spent, into equivalent calendar-based PM's.
Glucksman Fellowship Program Student Research Reports

Shourya Ghosh, under the supervision of Edward Altman, does a statistical comparison of credit ratings from Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s to see whether there are any consistent biases between the two rating agencies. Kenneth McDermid, under the direction of Jeffrey Wurgler, investigates the performance of hedge funds and confirms that institutions with fewer assets and more concentrated portfolios outperform the others and that the out-performance is the result of selection ability. Joe Mellet, under the supervision of David Yermack, examines the market’s reaction to 320 special dividend announcements made in October, November, and December of 2012 in response to the looming tax increases and finds significant Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) in the days surrounding the dividend announcement. T
Individual Employee Rights Versus the Rights of Employees as a Group: NLRB v. City Disposal System, Inc.

propositions. They are expressions of policy arising out of specific situations and addressed to the attainment of particular ends."" 6 Thus the meaning of "concerted activities" may only be understood after examining the underlying principles of the
The Other in Self: Acknowledging Complicity in Multicultural Education

In this essay, employing Bourdieu’s sociological theory, in particular, his concepts of reflexivity, symbolic violence, and materialist models of the subjects and Dubois’s construct of double consciousness, I discuss and analyze the dilemmas that I experience as a racial minority teacher educator in my effort to practice self- reflexivity in my own multicultural teacher education classrooms. In doing so, I demonstrate empirically the forceful and involuntary presence of the dominant Other that underwrite my consciousness demonstrating the danger involved in automatically assuming an insider status solely by one’s heritage. I attempt to show the power of unexamined beliefs that constrain multicultural teaching practices against the status quo and the importance of critically examining beliefs in changing teaching practices. My ultimate hope for this self-inquiry is that the result of this work could extend beyond self-improvement to impact and advance the scholarship of multicultural teaching and learning.
The Pathology of the Nodular Goiter

Excerpt A decade ago it commonly was thought that the anatomical examination of thyroids removed from patients suffering from hyperthyroidism did not reveal changes which could be correlated with t...
Circadian rhythm genetics: from flies to mice to humans.

A successful genetic dissection of the circadian regulation of behaviour has been achieved through phenotype-driven mutagenesis screens in flies and mice. Cloning and biochemical analysis of these evolutionarily conserved proteins has led to detailed molecular insight into the clock mechanism. Few behaviours enjoy the degree of understanding that exists for circadian rhythms at the genetic, cellular and anatomical levels. The circadian clock has so eagerly spilled her secrets that we may soon know the unbroken chain of events from gene to behaviour. It will likely be fruitful to wield this uncommon degree of knowledge to attack one of the most challenging problems in genetics: the basis of complex human behavioural disorders. We review here the genetic screens that provided the entree into the heart of the circadian clock, the model of the clock mechanism that has resulted, and the prospects for using the homologues as candidate genes in studies of human circadian dysrhythmias.
Constraints and superspin for super Poincaré algebras in diverse dimensions

We generalize to arbitrary dimension the construction of a covariant and supersymmetric constraint for the massless superPoincare algebra, which was given for the eleven-dimensional case in a previous work. We also contrast it with a similar construction appropriate to the massive case. Finally we show that the constraint uniquely fixes the representation of the algebra.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Preface.

One contribution of 17 to a Theme Issue ‘Placebo effects in medicine: mechanisms and clinical implications’.
Mix and Match in the Tree of Life

Genes for ribosomal RNA have been used to decipher the evolutionary relationship between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, as Lake and colleagues point out in their Perspective, the availability of complete genome sequences for many bacteria (prokaryotes) and for the yeast (a eukaryote) has called into question long-held views about the evolutionary tree of life. The Perspective discusses the emerging notion of chimerism in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, which arises through transfer of groups of functionally similar genes between organisms.
Hepatitis B Status of Hmong Patients

Background: This study was conducted to determine the hepatitis B status, by age, of Hmong patients attending a St. Paul family practice residency clinic. Methods: The clinic records of 1585 Hmong patients 4 years of age and older were reviewed for information about hepatitis B status. Those without evidence of previous serologic testing or vaccination were invited to participate in the study by being tested for three hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers—hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc); those whose results were positive for HBsAg and anti-HBc were also tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Patients whose results were positive for only anti-HBc had their serologic tests repeated after 3 or more months, and those patients whose results remained positive for only anti-HBc were offered the vaccine and further follow-up serologic tests. Results: Of the 434 total participants, 77 (18 percent) had acute or chronic infection (HBsAg present). The rate of infection was highest-28 percent—in the group of patients 15 to 19 years old. Of 66 patients with positive test results only for anti-HBc, 33 of 36 (92 percent) who had follow-up serologic tests after 3 or more months had the same result again in the absence of intervention. Six of 8 (75 percent) patients with results positive only for anti-HBc who received hepatitis B vaccine subsequently converted to an immune status (anti-HBs positive). For all age groups, the cost of pretesting patients with an unknown HBV status and vaccinating susceptible patients was less than the cost of vaccinating without pretesting. Conclusions: This study, which confirmed previous findings of a high occurrence of hepatitis B virus infection in Hmong refugee communities, found the highest rate of infection to be among adolescents. Prevaccination testing appeared to be a cost-saving procedure for patients whose hepatitis status was unknown.
Prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer and the risk of overt metastatic disease at presentation

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to estimate the total number of patients who would be expected to present with metastatic (M1) prostate cancer (PC) in the modern US population in a given year if the age-specific and race-specific annual incidence rates of M1 PC were the same as the rates in the era before prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. METHODS: The authors computed the total number of men who presented with M1 PC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 registries area in the year 2008 (the most recent SEER year) and estimated the number of cases that would be expected to occur in this area in the year 2008 in the absence of PSA testing. The expected number was computed by multiplying each age-race–specific average annual incidence rate from the pre-PSA era (1983-1985) by the number of men in the corresponding age-race category in the year 2008 and adding the products. RESULTS: In the year 2008, the observed and expected numbers of men presenting with M1 PC in the SEER 9 registries area were 739 and 2277, respectively, with an expected-to-observed ratio of 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 3.0-3.2). If this ratio was applied to the total US population in the year 2008, then the total number of men presenting with M1 PC in that year would be equal to approximately 25,000 instead of the approximately 8000 actually observed. CONCLUSIONS: If the pre-PSA era rates were present in the modern US population, then the total number of men presenting with M1 PC would be approximately 3 times greater than the number actually observed. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Using multiple Huffman code tables for optimal coding of DCT blocks

Summary form only given. It is a well-known observation that when a DCT block is traversed in a zig-zag order, the AC coefficients generally decrease in size and the run-length of zero coefficients increase in number. Therefore, use of a single AC Huffman code table in the JPEG baseline algorithm leads to sub-optimal coding, and it is desirable to use multiple code tables, one for each DCT coefficient position, if necessary. It creates a problem, because a nonzero coefficient, X, and the run-length, Z, of zero coefficients that precede X, are coded as one element (Z,X), and therefore, the decoder may not know which table to use to decode the next X. To solve this problem, we made a minor modification to the JPEG Huffman coding algorithm. To evaluate reduction in the code size using our method, we compressed the luminancec component of ten well-known test images at default quality level and computed AC Huffman code size.
Skyrmion fractionalization and merons in chiral magnets with easy-plane anisotropy

We study the equilibrium phase diagram of ultrathin chiral magnets with easy-plane anisotropy $A$. The vast triangular skyrmion lattice phase that is stabilized by an external magnetic field evolves continuously as a function of increasing $A$ into a regime in which nearest-neighbor skyrmions start overlapping with each other. This overlap leads to a continuous reduction of the skyrmion number from its quantized value $Q=1$ and to the emergence of antivortices at the center of the triangles formed by nearest-neighbor skyrmions. The antivortices also carry a small ``skyrmion number'' ${Q}_{A}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ that grows as a function of increasing $A$. The system undergoes a first order phase transition into a square vortex-antivortex lattice at a critical value of $A$. Finally, a canted ferromagnetic state becomes stable through another first order transition for a large enough anisotropy $A$. Interestingly enough, this first order transition is accompanied by metastable meron solutions.
Lock-Free Transactions for Real-Time Systems

Lock-free objects are an alternative to lock-based object sharing protocols such as the priority ceiling protocol [17, 21] in preemptive real-time uniprocessor systems. An object implementation is lock-free iff it guarantees the following: if several tasks concurrently perform operations on the object, and if some proper subset of these tasks stop taking steps, then at least one of the remaining tasks must complete its operation in a finite number of its own steps. This definition precludes the use of critical sections, because if a task stops taking steps while within a critical section, then other tasks are prevented from accessing that critical section. In several related papers, we have presented general techniques that can be used to implement lock-free objects in real-time uniprocessor systems [3, 18] and to schedule tasks that share such objects [3, 4]. Related research includes work on techniques for implementing specific lock-free objects (such as read/write buffers) [13, 19, 20], and work on synchronization mechanisms that are similar to lock-free objects but are implemented using kernel support [12, 19, 20].
Team information processing under partial observability. 1. Static task environment

The authors consider the problem of optimal information seeking under partial observability in a static task environment. A normative model is developed and several normative hypotheses were generated. A team-in-the-loop experiment was designed to validate the normative predictions. The human data are compared with the cognitive biases of primacy and undervaluing of others' opinions. A normative-descriptive model incorporating these descriptive factors was developed via structural modifications of the normative model. The results of the normative-descriptive model were found to be in excellent agreement with the decisions made by the human subjects. The information seeking behavior of humans was found to be highly nonoptimal. >
Double-diffusive mixing-length theory, semiconvection and massive star evolution

Double-diffusive convection refers to mixing where the effects of thermal and composition gradients compete to determine the stability of a fluid. In addition to the familiar fast convective instability, such fluids exhibit the slow, direct salt finger instability and the slow, overstable semiconvective instability. Previous approaches to this subject usually have been based on linear stability analyses. We develop here the nonlinear mixing-length theory (MLT) of double-diffusive convection, in analogy to the more familiar MLT for a fluid of homogeneous composition. We present approximate solutions for the mixing rate in the various regimes, and show that the familiar Schwarzschild and Ledoux stability criteria are good approximations to the precise criteria in stellar interiors. We have implemented the self-consistent computation of the temperature gradient and turbulent mixing rate in a stellar evolution code and solved a diffusion equation to mix composition at the appropriate rate. We have evolved $15\msun$ and $30\msun$ stars from the zero-age main sequence to the end of core He-burning. Semiconvective mixing is fast enough to alter stellar composition profiles on relevant time scales, but not so fast that instantaneous readjustment is appropriate.
Feedforward Regulation Ensures Stability and Rapid Reversibility of a Cellular State

Summary Cellular transitions are important for all life. Such transitions, including cell fate decisions, often employ positive feedback regulation to establish and stabilize new cellular states. However, positive feedback is unlikely to underlie stable cell-cycle arrest in yeast exposed to mating pheromone because the signaling pathway is linear, rather than bistable, over a broad range of extracellular pheromone concentration. We show that the stability of the pheromone-arrested state results from coherent feedforward regulation of the cell-cycle inhibitor Far1. This network motif is effectively isolated from the more complex regulatory network in which it is embedded. Fast regulation of Far1 by phosphorylation allows rapid cell-cycle arrest and reentry, whereas slow Far1 synthesis reinforces arrest. We expect coherent feedforward regulation to be frequently implemented at reversible cellular transitions because this network motif can achieve the ostensibly conflicting aims of arrest stability and rapid reversibility without loss of signaling information.
The reverse turn as a template for metal coordination

Abstract The structural consequence of zinc binding to three octapeptides is examined. The experimental results indicate that placement of a constrained reverse turn motif in the core of the peptide nucleates the peptide secondary structure to facilitate metal coordination to ligands within the remainder of the sequence. These studies demonstrate that secondary structure in a polypeptide framework may be enhanced by a combination of β-turn nucleation and metal coordination. The structural consequences of metal cation binding to three, Ac-Glu-Gly-Val-Pro-DSer-His-Thr-His-NH 2 ( 1 ), Ac-His-Gly-Val-Pro-DSer-His-Thr-His-NH 2 ( 2 ), and Ac-His-Gly-Val-Gly-Gly-His-Thr-His-NH 2 ( 3 ) are examined by 1 H NMR and CD. Evidence is provided to indicate that the structural preorganization provided by the constrained type II β-1 turn, in the core of the sequence, is an important determinant for effective metal complexation. Spectroscopic changes resultant on metal binding suggest the presence of a β-hairpin structure. In the absence of such a constraint, metal complexation is ineffective and defined structural changes are not observed.
Corporate Social Responsibility and the “Divided Corporate Self”: The case of Chiquita in Colombia

This article employs Maak’s framework of the seven “Cs” of Corporate Integrity to assess the problems faced by Chiquita Brands in dealing with extortion by left-wing guerilla and right wing paramilitary groups in Colombia from 1989 to 2004. Both types of organizations used Chiquita payments to engage in terrorist activity in Colombia. The extended and systematic dealings with these groups were antithetical to the process of corporate responsibility to which the firm was committed during the timeframe of 1998–2004, revealing a “divided self” in which major corporate activities diverged dramatically from the core values of the firm. Maak’s framework provides a useful tool in analyzing the division and the potential for applying lessons from the case to our understanding of corporate social responsibility.
Cloning and structural organization of the gene encoding the murine nuclear receptor transcription factor, NURR1

NURR1 is an immediate early gene product and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Using the NURR1 cDNA as a probe, we isolated the genomic DNA encoding NURR1 from a mouse 129SvEv genomic library. The NURR1 gene is approximately 6.2 kb long and is organized into 7 exons separated by 6 introns. Structural analysis of the NURR1 reveals that this gene shares a similar structure with that of the nuclear receptor NUR77/NGF1-B. As in NUR77, the promoter region of NURR1 lacks an identifiable TATA box, but is GC-rich. The proximal promoter region also contains an ATF/CREB consensus binding site that may participate in cAMP-mediated induction of this immediate early gene product. Isolation and structural characterization of the NURR1 gene provides information for further developmental and transcriptional regulation studies of this gene.
Synthesis of boron nitride films prepared by photon- and ion-assisted deposition

Abstract The effects of additional UV photon irradiation on the formation of cubic boron nitride films obtained by ion-beam- assisted deposition were investigated. BN films on Si(001) were deposited under constant conditions of ion irradiation and boron deposition with and without UV light irradiation. The resulting films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-voltage electron microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern reveals BN films of single-phase, polycrystalline cubic material deposited by ion-beam-assisted deposition with UV light irradiation. Furthermore, the average diameter of the c-BN grains formed increases with additional UV light irradiation during the ion-beam-assisted deposition process. The B N composition ratios were determined to be unity in the final BN films. The effect of UV light irradiation is briefly discussed.
I. POLIOMYELITIC VIRUS IN HUMAN STOOLS

1. The detection of the virus of poliomyelitis in 10 stools from 8 individuals is reported. All were in relation to epidemic poliomyelitis and 7 of them represented well recognized forms of the disease. The positive stools were distributed among 56 specimens collected from 53 persons in the first 4 weeks of illness. 2. The ease of detection of virus was directly related to the non-paralytic type of disease and inversely related to the age of the patients. 3. The negative results with stools employed for controls gives point to the use of the fecal examinations as an epidemiological tool. 4. The stability of the virus in feces has been demonstrated by successful mailing of samples over long distances and during the heat of summer. 5. At least one infective dose per gram of fecal material was extracted from one stool.
121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopic study of the mineral stibiconite

Abstract Stibiconite is a naturally occurring antimony mineral. Studied in this investigation are five samples using 121 Sb Mossbauer spectroscopy. The relative amounts of the oxidation states Sb(III) and Sb(V) are determined with the ratio of Sb(III) to Sb(V) varying from 0.03 to 0.6. The Mossbauer data collected for these samples along with elemental analysis, provide a better understanding of the structure and composition of these minerals. A new chemical formula for stibiconite is proposed: Ca 4 x Sb(III) 3−8 x Sb(V) 1+4 x (O,OH,H 2 O) y .
Aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass via left anterior thoracotomy after previous left pneumonectomy

stabilization of the long-segmental tracheobronchomalacia has been described. This report demonstrates that this concept is effective for carinal stabilization. A recent study of 40 children, 11 of whom had left PA sling, identified preoperative mechanical ventilatory support and duration of CPB to be significant risk factors for prolonged postoperative ventilatory support. Repair of PA sling complex and other cardiovascular anomalies increases the complexity of surgery and duration of CPB, thus exposing patients to a higher risk of prolonged postoperative ventilatory support. Excessive endotracheal granulation at the site of mechanical irritation by the endotracheal tube often develops in patients with PA sling complex and tracheomalacia, who require prolonged ventilatory support. External stabilization of the carina permitted an uneventful and early extubation in our patient despite prolonged CPB. Covering the trachea with the pericardial flap after tracheoplasty, as previously described, was helpful in our patient to reinforce the tracheal anastomotic seal, to prevent erosion of the polytetrafluoroethylene (GoreTex) rings into the blood vessels, and to enable safer subsequent bronchoscopic interventions. Potential long-term
Studies on a family with an elevated plasmalevel of factor V (proaccelerin) and a tendency to thrombosis

Studies of the coagulation mechanism of a family with a high incidence of spontaneousthrombosis are reported. The proband is a 6-year-old girl who underwent successful iliofemoral thrombectomy. The family members tested had elevated levels of plasma factor V (proaccelerin). The plasma factor V of one family member was examined by Sephadex chromatography and found to be indistinguishable from normal factor V. A. similar family group has not been previously reported.
Estimation of the depth to the fresh-water/salt-water interface from vertical head gradients in wells in coastal and island aquifers

An accurate estimate of the depth to the theoretical interface between fresh, water and salt water is critical to estimates of well yields in coastal and island aquifers. The Ghyben–Herzberg relation, which is commonly used to estimate interface depth, can greatly underestimate or overestimate the fresh-water thickness, because it assumes no vertical head gradients and no vertical flow. Estimation of the interface depth needs to consider the vertical head gradients and aquifer anisotropy that may be present. This paper presents a method to calculate vertical head gradients using water-level measurements made during drilling of a partially penetrating well; the gradient is then used to estimate interface depth. Application of the method to a numerically simulated fresh-water/salt-water system shows that the method is most accurate when the gradient is measured in a deeply penetrating well. Even using a shallow well, the method more accurately estimates the interface position than does the Ghyben–Herzberg relation where substantial vertical head gradients exist. Application of the method to field data shows that drilling, collection methods of water-level data, and aquifer inhomogeneities can cause difficulties, but the effects of these difficulties can be minimized.
NEURAL CONTROL OF THYROTROPIN SECRETION: EFFECT OF FOREBRAIN REMOVAL ON THYROID FUNCTION.

The entire brain rostral to the superior colliculus was removed, leaving either a “hypothalamic island” or a “median eminence island” attached to the pituitary. Operated and control animals were force-fed for 10 days postoperatively; approximately half of each group additionally received 30 mg propylthiouracil (PTU) daily. Thyroid weights and radioiodine uptake were compared in various experimental and control groups. Thyrotropin secretion appeared approximately equal in similarly treated intact and hypothalamic island groups. No thyroid hypertrophy developed in the PTU-treated median eminence island rats, but only 3 of these survived the full 10 days. No pituitary infarction was found in any operated animal. It thus appears that the forebrain outside the limits of the hypothalamus is not essential for normal functioning of the servomechanism which results in increased TSH release in response to thyroxine deficiency.
Ethanol decreases cytosolic-free calcium ions in vascular smooth muscle cells as assessed by digital image analysis

Effects of ethanol on intracellular-free Ca2+ concentration in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were examined by digital imaging fluorescence microscopy using the Ca2+ fluorescence indicator, fura-2. Ethanol induced dose-dependent decrements in cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration at 45 mM and 90 mM, which was consistent with previously reported observations of relaxation in intact rat aortic tissues. However, ethanol at high pharmacological concentrations (e.g., 450 mm) failed to induce any further inhibition in cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration. Our results suggest that the vasodilator effects of ethanol, observed on intact blood vessels, may result in part from an interference with the availability of Ca2+ for excitation-contraction coupling in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Modeling spatial and temporal dynamics of wind flow and potential fire behavior following a mountain pine beetle outbreak in a lodgepole pine forest

Patches of live, dead, and dying trees resulting from bark beetle-caused mortality alter spatial and temporal variability in the canopy and surface fuel complex through changes in the foliar moisture content of attacked trees and through the redistribution of canopy fuels. The resulting heterogeneous fuels complexes alter within-canopy wind flow, wind fluctuations, and rate of fire spread. However, there is currently little information about the potential influence of different rates and patterns of mortality on wind flow and fire behavior following bark beetle outbreaks. In this study, we contrasted within-canopy wind flow and fire rate-of-spread (ROS) at two different ambient wind speeds using FIRETEC for two differing bark beetle attack trajectories for a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest. These two attack trajectories represent different realizations of a bark beetle outbreak and result in different amounts and patterns of mortality through time. Our simulations suggested that the mean within-canopy wind velocities increased through time following the progression of mortality. In addition, we found that for a given level of mortality, a bark beetle outbreak that resulted in a higher degree of aggregation of canopy fuels had greater mean within-canopy wind velocities due to the channeling of wind flow. These findings suggest that bark beetle mortality can influence the mean within-canopy wind flow in two ways: first, by reducing the amount of vegetation present in the canopy acting as a source of drag; and second, by altering spatial patterns of vegetation that can lead to channeling of wind flow. Changes in the fire rate-of-spread were positively related to the level and continuity of bark beetle mortality. Peak rates of spread were between 1.2 and 2.7 times greater than the pre-outbreak scenario and coincided with a high level of mortality and minimal loss of canopy fuels. Following the loss of canopy fuels the rate of fire spread declined to levels below the initial phases of the outbreak in low wind speed cases but remained above pre-outbreak levels in high wind speed cases. These findings suggest that the rate and pattern of mortality arising from a bark beetle outbreak exerts significant influence on the magnitude and timing of alterations to the within-canopy wind flow and rate of fire spread. Our findings help clarify existing knowledge gaps related to the effect of bark beetle outbreaks on fire behavior and could explain potential differences in the reported effects of bark beetle outbreaks on fire behavior through time.
Uncommon Presentation of a Benign Nasopharyngeal Mass in an Adolescent: Comprehensive Review of Pediatric Nasopharyngeal Masses

Nasopharyngeal masses in the pediatric population are quite rare, and the majority of these are benign. In adolescent boys, there should be a high index of suspicion for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. When malignant, the most common lesions encountered are rhabdomyosarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas. We report a single case from a tertiary care institution of an adolescent male with an unusual presentation of a benign nasopharyngeal mass and provide a comprehensive review of pediatric nasopharyngeal masses. Whenever possible, radiographic imaging should be obtained, in addition to biopsy, to assist in the diagnosis of pediatric nasopharyngeal masses.
Susceptability of Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults from Southern New England Golf Courses to Chlorpyrifos

The "annual bluegrass weevil", Listronotus maculicollis Kirby (Cole?ptera: Curculionidae) is a serious pest of Poa annua L. (Poales: Poaceae) turfgrass in the Northeastern U.S. Historically, the primary control strategy has been to intercept adults with insecticide residues as they emerge from overwintering sites (Cowles et al. 2008; Pot ter 1998; Vittum et al. 1999). Chlorinated hydro carbons were used to manage weevil populations until around 1969, but in the 1970s and 1980s less persistent organophosphates were utilized; today pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos are used to control adults (Cameron & Johnson 1971; Kop penh?fer & McGraw 2005; Schread 1970; Tashiro 1976). In 2009 several adult L. maculicollis popula tions from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island demonstrated varying levels of re sistance to pyrethroids (Ramoutar et al. 2009ab), but no data are available for L. maculicollis resis tance to chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate. Tash iro (1976) first communicated diminished organo phosphate effectiveness, but there are no further studies conducted on this topic. The objective of this study was to obtain toxicity data on the sus ceptibility of L. maculicollis populations from sev eral golf courses in southern New England to chlorpyrifos. In 2008 and 2009 from May-Sep adult wee vils were collected from 8 golf courses in Con necticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island (Fig. 1). Insects were collected by hand from golf course fairways or greens and kept at 21-23?C on P. annua plugs until bioassays were con ducted, within 48 h of collection. Chlorpyrifos (technical, 99.9% purity) was dissolved in re agent quality acetone (>95% purity) (Sigma-Al drich, St. Louis, MO) and 1 of chlorpyrifos or acetone (control) was applied per insect dor sally to the intersegmental membrane between the prothorax and the elytra (Metcalf 1958; Perez-Mendoza 1999). Mortality data were esti mated from 6-8 concentrations and 10-15 un sexed adults per concentration. Applications
Applying an adult development perspective to developmental networks

Purpose – To elaborate how an adult development perspective can further an understanding of mentoring (developmental) networks and their value to focal individuals in terms of the developmental functions provided and outcomes such as personal learning, task performance and development.Design/methodology/approach – The article utilizes Kegan's developmental stage theory to explore the implications of an adult development lens for individuals' mentoring networks.Findings – Theoretical propositions suggest varying network structures among individuals at three of Kegan's latter stages of development: interpersonal, institutional, and interindividual, as well as implications for networks and stage on relationship dynamics.Research limitations/implications – Several propositions are offered for future research that will help to illuminate what mentoring networks may look like at various adult development stages, as well as what organizations should consider as they go about fostering both formal and informal me...
Diversity in Alliance Portfolios and Performance Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

Given the increasing interest in alliance portfolios, alliance portfolio diversity (APD) has been the focus of many recent studies. Yet, the performance consequences of APD—or of diversity in general—are neither theoretically clear nor empirically consistent. With meta-analytic analyses, we assess extant research on the APD–performance link. Across studies, APD has a positive impact on performance, although the level of analysis and how performance is measured influence the relationship. Going beyond conventional quantitative synthesis, however, we also systematically uncover patterns in how theoretical orientation and the operationalization of diversity moderate the APD–performance relationship. Our study serves as an invitation for future APD studies to employ more sophisticated theoretical and operationalization approaches as they expand our knowledge of diversity in alliance portfolios.
Surface fitting approach to the correction of spatial intensity variations in MR images

Spatial intensity variations introduced by non-uniformity in the radio frequency (rf) coil of most MR scanners in clinical use preclude the selection of a single threshold for the separation of tissues across the entire image. Also, they increase the variance of the data, thus reducing the efficacy of numerical classifiers designed for the automatic segmentation of these images. In this paper, we present a new technique for the correction of spatial intensity variations. The methods require the labeling of a number of reference points across the image to which intensity surfaces are fitted. These surfaces are then utilized to correct the original images. Results obtained with phantom and patient data demonstrate the robustness of the approach and its impact on the classification results obtained with automatic classifiers.
Scaling characteristics of MPD propulsion

Experiments in which a high-power, quasi-steady MPD thruster is scaled down by a factor of two indicate that the key features of MPD thruster operation are replicated in the smaller version. Voltage-current data over a 24:1 mass flow range show that the ablation onset parameter is constant for each thruster, although the constant is not the same. Time-integrated photographs of the discharge radiance reveal strikingly similar features at scaled values of current and mass flow. The measured terminal properties of the half-scale thruster are similar to the full-scale thruster, but the regime of operation is smaller and generally less efficient, except within a restricted range of arc current and mass flow.
The world of geography: Visualizing a knowledge domain with cartographic means

From an informed critique of existing methods to the development of original tools, cartographic engagement can provide a unique perspective on knowledge domain visualization. Along with a discussion of some principles underlying a cartographically informed visualization methodology, results of experiments involving several thousand conference abstracts will be sketched and their plausibility reflected on.
Treatment of Ocular Inflammation in Children

Ocular inflammation in children is of substantial epidemiologic importance, particularly since uveitis in children produces more vision loss than it does in adults. This is partially because there is a higher rate of posterior uveitis in childhood uveitis than in the adult population. Treatment of ocular inflammation in children, ranging from conjunctivitis to keratitis to scleritis to uveitis, depends, of course, on whether or not the problem is microbial, traumatic, malignant, or autoimmune. Most of the cases that are vision threatening are autoimmune, and corticosteroids represent the mainstay of short-term therapy. However, abundant evidence exists which shows that all too often imprudent, prolonged use of corticosteroids is employed with resultant iatrogenic damage, including cataract, glaucoma, and secondary infection. A new paradigm for treating ocular inflammation (uveitis in particular) is espoused in this article. It is based on a limited tolerance to corticosteroid use and a more proactive approach to corticosteroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy in an effort to induce a durable remission off all corticosteroids.
Unusual diel pHs in water as related to aquatic vegetation

High diel pHs (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiwayaara% aaaa!36E2!\[\bar X\] > 9.0) showing little or no fluctuation were observed in several impoundments. This phenomenon was experimentally produced in water that contained only Myriophyllum spicatum or species of filamentous algae. Diel pHs ⩾ 9.0 were produced in the laboratory with as little as 0.2 g/1 of algae or vascular plants. The ability of these plants to cause high diel pHs in water may have evolved in response to competition with phytoplankton for carbon.
Magnetoelastic behavior of NbSe 3

We have used the vibrating-reed technique to investigate the magnetoelastic properties of ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ in an attempt to detect any contribution to stiffness from magnetic-field-assisted normal-to-charge-density-wave (CDW) carrier conversion below the material's lower CDW transition. For a magnetic-field transverse to the reed, we find the resonant frequency to decrease quadratically with field strength. However, the magnitude of this change is too large to be associated with carrier conversion. We can attribute the effect to the interaction between the field and the material's anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. This phenomenon is large enough to obscure attempts to detect stiffness contribution from carrier conversion. However, there exists the possibility of exploiting this effect to study the CDW through its influence on the magnetic susceptibility.
Multiwavelength Observations of PKS 0528+134 in Quiescence

We present results of multiwavelength observations of the ultraluminous radio-loud quasar PKS 0528+134 in quiescence in the Fall of 2009. Significant flux variability on a time-scale of several hours was found in the optical regime, accompanied by a weak trend of spectral softening with increasing flux. The optical flux is weakly polarized with rapid variations of the degree and direction of polarization. Optical spectropolarimetry suggests a trend of increasing degree of polarization with increasing wavelength. Together with the spectral variability, this provides evidence for an unpolarized, slowly variable emission component, possibly thermal emission from the accretion disk, contributing towards the blue end of the optical spectrum. We find that even in the quiescent state, the bolometric luminosity of PKS 0528+134 is dominated by its γ-ray emission. A leptonic single-zone jet model produced acceptable fits to the SEDs with contributions to the high-energy emission from both synchrotron self-Compton radiation and Comptonization of direct accretion disk emission. The moderate variability on long time scales, compared to the expected radiative cooling time scales, implies the existence of on-going particle acceleration, while the observed optical polarization variability seems to point towards a turbulent acceleration process.
The Importance of Heparan Sulfate in Herpesvirus Infection

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is one of many pathogens that use the cell surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate as a receptor. Heparan sulfate is highly expressed on the surface and extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types making it an ideal receptor. Heparan sulfate interacts with HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins gB and gC during the initial attachment step during HSV-1 entry. In addition, a modified form of heparan sulfate, known as 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate, interacts with HSV-1 gD to induce fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membrane. The 3-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate is a rare modification which occurs during the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate that is carried out by a family of enzymes known as 3-O-sulfotransferases. Due to its involvement in multiple steps of the infection process, heparan sulfate has been a prime target for the development of agents to inhibit HSV entry. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during HSV-1 infection may not only be critical for inhibiting infection by this virus, but it may also be crucial in the fight against many other pathogens as well.