cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of citrate on adsorption of zinc in soils

Adsorption of zinc to two soils was quantified in the presence of citrate ranging in concentration from 0 to 10 mM/L. For both soils, Zn adsorption increased with increasing citrate up to a concentration of 2mM/L. With increasing citrate concentrations between 2 and 10 mM/L, Zn adsorption increased in one soil (pH 4.8) but decreased in the second (pH 5.8). Adsorption of a Zn-citrate complex is key to the Zn adsorption in both soils. The soil with the higher pH appears to have a significantly lower adsorption capacity for the complex than the soil with pH 4.8. Activity-based adsorption modeling supports these experimental observations.
Examining the Role of Static and Dynamic Risk Factors in the Prediction of Inpatient Violence: Variable- and Person-Focused Analyses

Although the construct of psychopathy is related to community violence and recidivism in various populations, empirical evidence suggests that its association with institutional aggression is weak at best. The current study examined, via both variable-level and group-level analyses, the relationship between standard violence risk instruments, which included a measure of psychopathy, and institutional violence. Additionally, the incremental validity of dynamic risk factors also was examined. The results suggest that PCL-R was only weakly related to institutional aggression and only then when the behavioral (Factor 2) aspects of the construct were examined. The clinical and risk management scales on the HCR-20, impulsivity, anger, and psychiatric symptoms all were useful in identifying patients at risk for exhibiting institutional aggression. These data suggest that factors other than psychopathy, including dynamic risk factors, may be most useful in identifying forensic patients at higher risk for exhibiting aggression.
Simplified sensing and A/D conversion for digitally controlled flyback DC-DC converters with on-line efficiency optimization

This paper presents simplified sensing and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion techniques, targeting low-cost, low-pin-count controller implementation for digitally controlled flyback DC-DC converters with on-line efficiency optimization. Precise output voltage regulation is accomplished by sensing an auxiliary winding voltage on the primary side at the end of the diode conduction interval, thus eliminating the need for secondary-side circuitry and isolation in the feedback path. Furthermore, simple single-comparator analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion techniques are adopted for input current and input voltage sensing, allowing implementation of on-line efficiency optimization over wide ranges of operating points. Experimental results are shown for a digitally controlled 65-W flyback prototype.
Common syndromes of orthostatic intolerance.

The autonomic nervous system, adequate blood volume, and intact skeletal and respiratory muscle pumps are essential components for rapid cardiovascular adjustments to upright posture (orthostasis). Patients lacking sufficient blood volume or having defective sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstriction develop orthostatic hypotension (OH), prohibiting effective upright activities. OH is one form of orthostatic intolerance (OI) defined by signs, such as hypotension, and symptoms, such as lightheadedness, that occur when upright and are relieved by recumbence. Mild OI is commonly experienced during intercurrent illnesses and when standing up rapidly. The latter is denoted “initial OH” and represents a normal cardiovascular adjustment to the blood volume shifts during standing. Some people experience episodic acute OI, such as postural vasovagal syncope (fainting), or chronic OI, such as postural tachycardia syndrome, which can significantly reduce quality of life. The lifetime incidence of ≥1 fainting episodes is ∼40%. For the most part, these episodes are benign and self-limited, although frequent syncope episodes can be debilitating, and injury may occur from sudden falls. In this article, mechanisms for OI having components of adrenergic hypofunction, adrenergic hyperfunction, hyperpnea, and regional blood volume redistribution are discussed. Therapeutic strategies to cope with OI are proposed.
Different Post-Pleistocene Histories of Eurasian Parids

Previous phylogeographic studies of the great tit (Parus major) and the willow tit (Parus montanus) found a general absence of phylogeographic structure for both species and suggested that each species underwent range contraction during the last Ice Age and survived in relatively low numbers, P. major in southern Europe and P. montanus in southeastern Asia. However, prior studiesdidnot sampletheentire range of either species. Weanalyzedsequencedatafor thecompletemitochondrialND2gene from 87 P. major and 139 P. montanus from 15 new Eurasian localities, both to test prior conclusions and to provide better coverage of each species’ range. Our analyses confirmed the absence of phylogeographic structure in P. major and P. montanus and supported the prior refuge hypothesis for P. major. For P. montanus, we concluded that besides surviving the Ice Age in southeastern Asia, as previously hypothesized, it apparently sustained a relatively large population in northern Eurasian riverine thickets and then expanded eastward. Genetic diversity was low in P. major (p 5 0.0012, h 5 0.64) and moderate in P. montanus (p 5 0.0021, h 5 0.88), suggesting higher long-term effective population sizes and the older ages of populations in P. montanus. If molecular substitution rates are similar, P. montanus colonized its current Eurasian range earlier than P. major. Differences between prior studies and ours likely result from sampling gaps in earlier studies.
Beam property measurements in the IUCF cooler ring

The high intensity stored beam stability limits of the IUCF (Indiana University Cyclotron Facility) cooler-storage ring are being explored. Measurements of the equilibrium emittance and bunching factor for a 45 MeV electron cooled proton beam as a function of stored beam intensity are reported. In addition, calculations of space-charge tune shift based on these measurements are presented. The tune shift is found to be as large as about 0.3 in magnitude, depending on the degree to which the beam is cooled. The space-charge tune shift is discussed as a possible contributing factor to observed stored beam current limits. >
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Two Goat Kids with Common Paternity

Two juvenile, intact, female mixed-breed goats from a common sire were presented for periodic neurologic deficits, seizures, and a generalized loss of body condition that occurred over a 4-6-week period. On physical examination, both goats were thin, obtunded, blind, and ataxic. Laboratory diagnostics revealed increased serum bile acids (95 mmol/l; reference interval: 0-50 mmol/l) in one of the goats. Both goats exhibited progressive physical and mental deterioration, and were eventually euthanized. Upon necropsy, no significant macroscopic lesions were noted. Microscopic examination, however, demonstrated hepatocellular atrophy and anomalies in the hepatic microvasculature, including duplication of hepatic arteries, small-to-indistinct portal veins, and oval cell hyperplasia. In addition, spongiform change was microscopically identified throughout the parenchyma of the brain, most notably within the white matter and along the junction of gray and white matter. The diagnosis of congenital portal vein hypoperfusion (suggestive of a portosystemic shunt) with resultant hepatic encephalopathy was proposed in each case based on the characteristic microscopic lesions in conjunction with the signalment and history of the goats. The observation that the affected kids were sired by the same buck suggests a hereditary basis for the condition in these animals as well.
Phase modulation in nonlinear optical medium

We split a laser beam: one part is sent through a nonlinear optical medium and is subjected to phase modulation, and the other part travels through a linear medium. When the two beams recombine, interference occurs. An example of such a device where the medium is fiber optics was described in Chapter 2 (see Figure 2.5). Here we consider another device described in Figure 5.1.
Linking Yeast Gcn5p Catalytic Function and Gene Regulation Using a Quantitative, Graded Dominant Mutant Approach

Establishing causative links between protein functional domains and global gene regulation is critical for advancements in genetics, biotechnology, disease treatment, and systems biology. This task is challenging for multifunctional proteins when relying on traditional approaches such as gene deletions since they remove all domains simultaneously. Here, we describe a novel approach to extract quantitative, causative links by modulating the expression of a dominant mutant allele to create a function-specific competitive inhibition. Using the yeast histone acetyltransferase Gcn5p as a case study, we demonstrate the utility of this approach and (1) find evidence that Gcn5p is more involved in cell-wide gene repression, instead of the accepted gene activation associated with HATs, (2) identify previously unknown gene targets and interactions for Gcn5p-based acetylation, (3) quantify the strength of some Gcn5p-DNA associations, (4) demonstrate that this approach can be used to correctly identify canonical chromatin modifications, (5) establish the role of acetyltransferase activity on synthetic lethal interactions, and (6) identify new functional classes of genes regulated by Gcn5p acetyltransferase activity—all six of these major conclusions were unattainable by using standard gene knockout studies alone. We recommend that a graded dominant mutant approach be utilized in conjunction with a traditional knockout to study multifunctional proteins and generate higher-resolution data that more accurately probes protein domain function and influence.
Functional coupling of simultaneous electrical and metabolic activity in the human brain

The relationships between brain electrical and metabolic activity are being uncovered currently in animal models using invasive methods; however, in the human brain this relationship remains not well understood. In particular, the relationship between noninvasive measurements of electrical activity and metabolism remains largely undefined. To understand better these relations, cerebral activity was measured simultaneously with electroencephalography (EEG) and positron emission tomography using [(18)f]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (PET-FDG) in 12 normal human subjects during rest. Intracerebral distributions of current density were estimated, yielding tomographic maps for seven standard EEG frequency bands. The PET and EEG data were registered to the same space and voxel dimensions, and correlational maps were created on a voxel-by-voxel basis across all subjects. For each band, significant positive and negative correlations were found that are generally consistent with extant understanding of EEG band power function. With increasing EEG frequency, there was an increase in the number of positively correlated voxels, whereas the lower alpha band (8.5-10.0 Hz) was associated with the highest number of negative correlations. This work presents a method for comparing EEG signals with other more traditionally tomographic functional imaging data on a 3-D basis. This method will be useful in the future when it is applied to functional imaging methods with faster time resolution, such as short half-life PET blood flow tracers and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Rate-Delay Tradeoffs for Communicating a Bursty Source over an Erasure Channel with Feedback

We consider the protocol overhead of meeting an expected delay constraint in sending a bursty source over a binary erasure channel with feedback. In contrast to related work on stability and delay for medium-access control, we focus on physical layer aspects of the problem by jointly considering queuing and message encoding for transmission over the channel. Our model necessitates the lossy encoding of source idle times, and we investigate the amount of information implicitly communicated by their efficient encoding. We show that the stable throughput region for large, but finite, delay is the same as without this additional constraint; however, our results suggest that achieving the same average delay requires a significant increase in channel bandwidth. Outer bounds on the achievable rate-delay region are also developed.
SINR distribution of MIMO MMSE receiver

Linear MMSE reception offers a low complexity option for multi-antenna communication systems. Understanding the outage behavior of the corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) and per-antenna throughput r is important in a quasistatic mobile environment. In this paper we introduce a large deviations method, valid nominally for large antenna numbers N, which calculates the probability density of the SINR and r of Gaussian channel MIMO MMSE receivers, with arbitrary transmission power profiles and in the presence of transmitter antenna correlations. This approach extends the Gaussian approximation of the SINR, valid only very close to the center of the distribution, demonstrating the non-Gaussian tails of the distribution. Our methodology allows us to calculate the correct leading order (O(N)) of the SINR distribution and showcase the deviations from approximations that have appeared in the literature (e.g. the Gaussian or the generalized Gamma distribution). We are also able to calculate next-to-leading order corrections to the distribution, thereby making the approximation quite accurate even for the smallest antenna arrays (2 × 2).
Ultrastructural Observations on Smooth Muscle Tumors

The ultrastructure of a series of primary and metastatic smooth muscle tumors is reviewed. Myofilaments and other smooth muscle features were present in all primary leiomyosarcomas of the soft tissues and uterus. They were also present but were less plentiful in most of the metastatic leiomyosarcomas. Electron microscopy is therefore a useful method to establish the diagnosis of a suspected leiomyosarcoma. Stromal tumors of the gastro-intestinal tract may require correlated immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies for their identification: 9 of the 50 cases examined were positive with immunostaining for S-100 protein, and 16 tumors with epithelioid transformation did not show evidence of smooth muscle differentiation by electron microscopy.
Virological Synapses Allow HIV-1 Uptake and Gene Expression in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

In animal models of HIV-associated nephropathy, the expression of HIV regulatory genes in epithelial cells is sufficient to cause disease, but how the CD4-negative epithelial cells come to express HIV genes is unknown. Here, we co-cultured T cells infected with fluorescently tagged HIV with renal tubular epithelial cells and observed efficient virus transfer between these cells. The quantity of HIV transferred was much greater than that achieved by exposure to large amounts of cell-free virus and occurred without a requirement for CD4 or Env. The transfer required stable cell–cell adhesion, which could be blocked by sulfated polysaccharides or poly-anionic compounds. We found that the internalization of virus could lead to de novo synthesis of viral protein from incoming viral RNAs even in the presence of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. These results illustrate an interaction between infected T cells and nonimmune cells, supporting the presence of virological synapses between HIV-harboring T cells and renal tubular epithelial cells, allowing viral uptake and gene expression in epithelial cells.
Characterization and in vivo cloning of prlC, a suppressor of signal sequence mutations in Escherichia coli K12.

The prlC gene of E. coli was originally identified as an allele, prlC1, which suppresses certain signal sequence mutations in the genes for several exported proteins. We have isolated six new alleles of prlC that also confer this phenotype. These mutations can be placed into three classes based on the degree to which they suppress the lamB signal sequence deletion, lamBs78. Genetic mapping reveals that the physical location of the mutations in prlC correlates with the strength of the suppression, suggesting that different regions of the gene can be altered to yield a suppressor phenotype. We also describe an in vivo cloning procedure using λplacMu9H. The procedure relies on transposition and illegitimate recombination to generate a specialized transducing phage that carries prlC1. This method should be applicable to any gene for which there is a mutant phenotype.
The impact of climate on the economics of combustion turbine inlet air cooling

A recent study completed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory evaluated the economics of several alternative combustion turbine inlet air cooling (CTAC) systems applied to different types of power plants and various operating conditions. The principal parameters investigated were chiller type, storage type, inlet air temperature, combustion turbine application, power plant operating schedule, and climate. About 3500 combinations of these parameters were evaluated to determine the capital cost per incremental peak power output and the net present value of the investment. This paper summarizes the study, identifying the preferred inlet air cooling technologies for simple–cycle industrial turbine applications, with an emphasis on the affect of climate on CTAC technology selection and economics. Five cities representing distinct climates (Houston, Minneapolis, Nashville, Phoenix, and San Francisco) were evaluated, which should serve as reasonable proxies for much of the world as well as most of the United States.
Characteristics and Patterns of Black & Mild Use Among African American Smokers.

Introduction Increased consumption of little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) among late adolescent and young adult African American smokers is an emerging public health concern. Despite a growing body of epidemiological evidence, there is scant research on systematic variations in LCC use among young adult African Americans. This study aimed to disaggregate African American Black & Mild (B&M) smokers and to identify subgroups of cigarillo smokers' behaviors and associated characteristics. Methods Using telephone screening data for a NIH-funded clinical laboratory study of toxicant exposure associated with B&M use, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify 331 African American B&M smokers' based on daily use, average daily consumption, preference for flavors, preference for product design tips, and product modification behaviors. Results Results showed five classes, three of which (Daily-Hypers, Daily-Flavored, and Heavy-Daily-Hypers) reflected daily use and average daily consumption rate ranging between 2.7 and 8.9 B&M cigarillos per day. Non-Daily-Hypers and Non-Daily-Flavored classes represented non-daily use patterns and averaged less than 1.0 B&M cigarillo per day. Both sets of classes defined by daily users and non-daily users included smokers who preferred flavored tobacco and who practiced product modification techniques involving hyping and blunting. Conclusions Latent class analysis is a useful method to detect subtle differences in B&M product preferences and smoking behaviors among African Americans. Study findings highlight the importance of developing tailored interventions that consider within group differences in order to reduce the prevalence of cigarillo smoking among those with the greatest burden. Implications The current study is the first to identify unique subgroups of African American B&M smokers based on cigarillo use behaviors and associated characteristics. Latent class analyses may prove useful for understanding other subgroups of tobacco users. Current findings concerning patterns of LCC use illustrate how future tobacco cessation and prevention interventions may be tailored for African American smokers.
Effect of Dexamethasone upon Circadian Mitotic Rhythm in Rat Cornea

SummaryData are presented to indicate that dexamethasone administration to rats produces dramatic changes in the circadian distribution of mitotic activity. They also indicate that the type of response observed is related to the time of the day (circadian system phase) of dexamethasone administration. Thus, either depression, relative synchronization or the establishment of a 48 hr mitotic rhythm were observed, following the administration of the steroid at 0700, 1500 and 2300 hr of the day, respectively.
Amorphization Driven by Defect-Induced Mechanical Instability

Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we perform a comparative study of the defect accumulation process in silicon carbide (SiC) and zirconium carbide (ZrC). Interestingly, we find that the fcc Si sublattice in SiC spontaneously and gradually collapses following the continuous introduction of C Frenkel pairs (FPs). Above a critical amorphization dose of ~0.33 displacements per atom (dpa), the pair correlation function exhibits no long-range order. In contrast, the fcc Zr sublattice in ZrC remains structurally stable against C sublattice displacements up to the highest dose of 1.0 dpa considered. Consequently, ZrC cannot be amorphized by the accumulation of C FPs. We propose defect-induced mechanical instability as the key mechanism driving the amorphization of SiC under electron irradiation.
A Baseline Study and Calibration for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Hybrid Composite Wind Turbine Blade

Preliminary baseline finite element (FE) model calibrations and evaluations are developed to assist and guide multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) of a large-scale hybrid composite wind turbine blade. The weight, displacement, and failure index are compared and used for calibration purposes. In addition, a cost estimation model is calibrated for labor hour, as well as labor cost, material cost and total cost. Stability of baseline wind turbine blade against harmonic resonance due to rotor rotation is validated by finite element analysis (FEA). A MDO process is proposed using the calibrated FE and cost estimation models. The MDO optimizes multiple objectives such as blade length, weight, manufacturing cost, and power production. For this analysis, the turbine blade is divided into regions and the sequence of hybrid laminate layup for each region is considered as design variables. Extreme wind condition for rotor rotation and rotor stop condition is considered as the applied load on the blade. The designed structural strength and stiffness are demonstrated to withstand the loads due to harmonic excitation from rotor rotation. A process of design procedure for obtaining an optimum hybrid composite laminate layup and an optimum blade length of a wind turbine blade structure is developed in this research.
Bericht der Klassifikations-Kerngruppe* der Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsiea

Eine Kerngruppe der Task Force zur Klassifikation und Terminologie der Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsie hat die 2001 von der Mitgliederversammlung verabschiedeten Listen mit epileptischen Anfallsformen und Epilepsiesyndromen evaluiert und mogliche alternative Klassifikationssysteme gepruft. Bis jetzt wurde keine neue Klassifikation vorgelegt. Obwohl von Zeit zu Zeit Modifikationen der derzeitigen Klassifikationen vorgeschlagen werden konnen, werden die allgemein akzeptierten und praktikablen Klassifikationen der epileptischen Anfallsformen von 1981 und der Epilepsiesyndrome und Epilepsien von 1989 nicht verworfen, sofern und solange keine eindeutig uberlegenen Klassifikationen entwickelt worden sind. Zurzeit hat sich die Kerngruppe darauf konzentriert, genaue wissenschaftliche Kriterien fur die Identifizierung spezifischer epileptischer Anfallsformen und Epilepsiesyndrome als eigenstandige diagnostische Einheiten zu entwickeln und sich dabei evidenzbasierter Methoden zu bedienen. Das kurzfristige Ziel besteht darin, dem ILAE-Vorstand eine Liste der Anfallsformen und Epilepsiesyndrome zur Verabschiedung vorzulegen, die dann als zu prufende Arbeitshypothesen verifiziert, falsifiziert und revidiert werden konnen. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt den Abschlussbericht dieses ersten Schrittes dar. Sollten sich genugend Hinweise ergeben, um eine der Hypothesen zu widerlegen, wird die Anfallsform oder das Epilepsiesyndrom erneut bewertet und dem Vorstand zur Anerkennung vorgelegt. Die Abgrenzung spezifischer Anfallsformen und Epilepsiesyndrome wird daher ebenso wie jede Anderung der entsprechenden Klassifikationen auch in Zukunft ein dynamischer Prozess sein. Ein Hauptzweck dieses Zugangs ist die Identifizierung von Forschungsansatzen, um weiterhin bestehende Unklarheiten zu beheben und den Weg fur eine neue Klassifikation zu ebnen.
Giant pseudoaneurysm originated from distal middle cerebral artery dissection treated by trapping under sensitive evoked potential and motor evoked potential monitoring: Case report and discussion.

BACKGROUND Dissecting giant pseudoaneurysm of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a rare lesion often presenting challenges to neurosurgical teams dealing with this specific pathology. Giant pseudoaneurysm originating from a dissecting distal segment of the MCA treated with aneurysm trapping under motor and sensitive evoked potential monitoring with a successful outcome is presented in the article followed by a brief discussion on the subject. CASE DESCRIPTION A case of a previously healthy young female patient admitted at the emergency room of Santa Paula Hospital with a history of a sudden headache and syncope, dysphasia, and Grade 4 right hemiparesis due to a large brain hemorrhage secondary to a 25 mm ruptured pseudoaneurysm originated from a distal left MCA dissecting segment is described. Because the patient risked neurological worsening, aneurysm was treated with parent and efferent vessel trapping technique and no changes on the sensitive and motor evoked potential (MEP) from baseline informed on this decision. Hemorrhage was completely drained after aneurysm was secured. CONCLUSION Neurophysiological sensitive and MEP monitoring, on this specific case was a valuable tool and informed on the decision of trapping of this large vascular lesion.
Localized gastric amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is usually observed in the systemic form with only 10% 20% of cases being localized. Although stomach and gastrointestinal tract involvement is a common fea- ture of systemic amyloidosis, localized gastric involvement is an exceedingly rare event. Herein, we report a case of localized gastric amyloidosis—found at endoscopy and confirmed by biopsies—which caused excessive bleeding requiring endoscopic therapy. A methodical evaluation excluded systemic amyloidosis.
A New Method for Teaching the Time Value of Money

Students frequently experience difficulty in identifying the appropriate time value of money (TVM) technique to apply to a problem. This paper surveys the TVM presentation in seven popular introductory finance textbooks. A new presentation technique is then developed. The presentation technique is based on a simple method for identifying the appropriate TVM technique to apply to any problem. TVM techniques conducive to applying the calculations in a generalized setting are then presented. Visual aids are provided to assist students in selecting correct techniques. By using these techniques students are able to more easily identify appropriate TVM techniques.
Application of wavelet modulus maximum method in seismic interpretation images edge detection

As foremost characteristic of image,edge is the important content of image vision information.Wavelet transformation can not only detect the local abrupt change of the input signal,but also detect by combining multi-scale information.Therefore,wavelet becomes the good tool for image edge detection.Due to different properties of the signal and noise in wavelet coefficient modulus under different scale of wavelet transformation,we can extract the edge characteristic through detecting the local maximum of the wavelet transformation coefficient modulus.The method has been applied in the edge detection of coherent slice image in three-dimension seismic interpretation images,and the result of the experiments has shown that the method can extract the faultage edge accurately,and provide strong ensurance for extracting and interpreting the faultage in next step.
Health Education in the Status of the Prevention and Cure of Chronic Disease in Community

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of community wide health education on disease prevention and health promotion of chronic diseases. METHODS A total of 284 community residents with chronic disease were enrolled in this study. Health knowledge level and basic health behavior of patients were investigated after two years of health education. RESULTS The awareness rates of health knowledge after health education were significantly higher than those before health education in patients with chronic diseases(P0.05). The incidences of bad life behavior after health education were significantly lower than those before health education in patients with chronic diseases education(P0.05). CONCLUSION There is close relationship between health knowledge, behavior and the incidence of chronic diseases. Chronic diseases can be prevented effectively by health education.
Analysis for surveillance data of measles in Tongzhou District, Beijing during 2005 to 2006

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of measles in Tongzhou District of Beijing during 2005 to 2006 to map out strategies and measures for its prevention and control.Methods Data of surveillance and investigation on individual cases of measles were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 and Excel 2000 software.Results Totally, 430 cases with measles were reported in Tongzhou District during 2005～2006, only 13.49% of them with definite history of measles immunization. Distribution of measles cases highly correlated to that of floating population. Measles mainly occurred in children under one year old (78.64% in babies aged at five to nine months) and adults aged 20 years or over in permanent residents, accounting for 51.72% and 42.35% of the total cases, respectively. Age-specific incidence of measles in all age groups of floating population were higher than those in permanent residents. Pre-school children accounted for 54.02% and civil servants accounted for 19.54% of the all cases in permanent residents, but 37.90% in pre-school children, 28.86% in school children and 33.24% in migrant laborers of all the cases in floating population. There were 41.33% of the cases under two years with the possibility of nosocomial measles infection during their visits to the hospital. Measles was diagnosed by serological test in only 69.3% of the cases, due to the loss to follow-up and difficulties in blood specimen collection.Conclusion Outbreak of measles can be mainly attributed to population floating and lower level of measles immunity. It is a main measure for measles control to improve basic immune level in children and strengthen measles immunization for adults living collectively. Measles immunization for children should be started at age of six months instead of eight months. It is an effective way to speed up the elimination of measles to popularize measles immunization for the adults in some areas, as well as it is a very important way in measles control to strengthen its surveillance in a sensitive and effective manner.
The "shirt collar sign" of cervical dystonia.

The diagnosis of cervical dystonia (CD) is clinical. We describe a physical examination observation that has been noted in CD patients. There is a tendency for their shirt collars to be shifted to one side. We validated this apparently consistent finding by having blinded evaluators rating the symmetry of the shirt collars in CD and non-cervical dystonia control subjects. A high correlation was found between the physical finding which we call “shirt collar sign” and the diagnosis. “Shirt collar sign” may be a helpful sign in diagnosing CD.
Development and evaluation of individual tree- and stand-level approaches for predicting spruce-fir response to commercial thinning in Maine, USA

Abstract Commercial thinning is a widely used silvicultural method in the spruce-fir (Picea-Abies) forests of the northeastern USA, but limited work has been done on predicting both short- and long-term individual tree- and stand-level responses to this treatment. Based on annual inventories of permanent plots from a replicated thinning experiment in Maine, USA, stand- and individual tree-level treatment response functions for spruce-fir stands were developed and evaluated. The developed thinning modifiers were shown to significantly improve predictions of annual stand-level basal area growth and mortality as well as species-specific, individual tree-level annual diameter increment, height to crown base increment, and mortality. For these response variables, duration and magnitude of the response functions were significantly influenced by thinning intensity and to a lesser extent by thinning method. In contrast, modifiers for stand-level dominant height increment as well as tree-level height increment did not show significant improvement when compared to the baseline model. When the developed modifiers were included in stand- and individual-tree growth models, a significant improvement in prediction over the baseline models was achieved, but the individual-tree approach was superior to predicting long-term response to various alternative thinning treatments. Overall, the study highlights the advantage of including thinning modifiers in growth and yield models, even for relatively shade-tolerant species, and the effectiveness of an individual-tree approach in structurally diverse and mixed-species stands.
Vasculogenic Impotence: Role of the Pelvic Steal Test

AbstractA new dynamic pelvic flow test is described that measures differential right and left corporeal artery blood pressure changes with exercise. Previous penile blood flow measurements have been made at rest. It is well known that exercise may unmask vascular pathological conditions not apparent at rest. Furthermore, cases have been reported that document potency at rest and impotence following exercise. As a result exercise was used to stress the pelvic vasculature in 97 patients chosen from vascular and urology clinics. A decrease of 0.15 or more in penile-brachial index with exercise was found to be statistically abnormal. A total of 23 patients (27 per cent) fulfilled the criteria for positive pelvic steal testing. In this group there were high incidences of smoking (52 per cent), hypertension (52 per cent) and diabetes (30 per cent). Although 70 per cent of these patients had at least occasional morning erections 78 per cent complained of loss of erection with exercise. The pelvic steal test dete...
Treatment of Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Who Have Poor Insight

Poor insight into obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms is relatively common, occurring in between 9 and 30 % of cases. Poor insight is associated with increased OCD severity, earlier age of symptom onset, increased likelihood of comorbidity, and decreased treatment response. Furthermore, individuals with poor insight are only half as likely as others with good insight to seek treatment for their symptoms. No research to date has systematically treated insight levels in addition to OCD symptoms. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman who sought a psychological assessment for general dysfunction who had not been employed for over 33 years and was completely unaware of the obsessive-compulsive nature of her symptoms. We discuss the assessment process and thought process in differential diagnosis of a case with little symptom insight. We subsequently emphasize the role of insight and, specifically, the relationship between improved insight and treatment response during the course of 20 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention. Specific alterations to traditional CBT protocols due to her poor insight, including additional psychoeducation, focusing on insight and symptom identification, consistent treatment frequency, and additional sessions focusing on symptom insight, are highlighted. Overall, the woman showed a strong response to treatment that continues to be maintained after an 11-week period following treatment conclusion. Adjusting treatment to emphasize symptom education and insight can be beneficial in treating individuals with poor insight into their OCD-related symptoms.
Designer interface peptide grafts target estrogen receptor alpha dimerization.

Abstract The nuclear transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), triggered by its cognate ligand estrogen, regulates a variety of cellular signaling events. ERα is expressed in 70% of breast cancers and is a widely validated target for anti-breast cancer drug discovery. Administration of anti-estrogen to block estrogen receptor activation is still a viable anti-breast cancer treatment option but anti-estrogen resistance has been a significant bottle-neck. Dimerization of estrogen receptor is required for ER activation. Blocking ERα dimerization is therefore a complementary and alternative strategy to combat anti-estrogen resistance. Dimer interface peptide “I-box” derived from ER residues 503–518 specifically blocks ER dimerization. Recently using a comprehensive molecular simulation we studied the interaction dynamics of ERα LBDs in a homo-dimer. Based on this study, we identified three interface recognition peptide motifs LDKITDT (ERα residues 479–485), LQQQHQRLAQ (residues 497–506), and LSHIRHMSNK (residues 511–520) and reported the suitability of using LQQQHQRLAQ (ER 497–506) as a template to design inhibitors of ERα dimerization. Stability and self-aggregation of peptide based therapeutics poses a significant bottle-neck to proceed further. In this study utilizing peptide grafted to preserve their pharmacophoric recognition motif and assessed their stability and potential to block ERα mediated activity in silico and in vitro. The Grafted peptides blocked ERα mediated cell proliferation and viability of breast cancer cells but did not alter their apoptotic fate. We believe the structural clues identified in this study can be used to identify novel peptidometics and small molecules that specifically target ER dimer interface generating a new breed of anti-cancer agents.
Trailing blackberries : From clear-cuts to your table

Received for publication 22 May 2000. I would like to acknowledge the contributions of Angela Anderson and Rengong Meng, whose MS thesis research at Oregon State Univ. contributed to this paper; Kirsten Wennstrom (USDA–ARS/Oregon State Univ.) for overseeing the maintenance of the plant material and crosses discussed; Hugh Daubeny [Agriculture and Agri-Foods Canada, Agassiz, B.C. (retired)], Rick Harrison (Sweetbriar Inc., Watsonville, Calif.), and Ted Mackey (USDA–ARS) for help in collecting the bulk of the Rubus ursinus; and Jim Luby (University of Minnesota) for his inspiration in the initial conception of the work and help in collection of the plant material. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. E-mail address: finnc@bcc.orst.edu The commercial blackberry (Rubus sp.) industry in the United States and Canada can be roughly divided into eastern North America, Oregon, and California components. In the eastern United States, the plantings tend to be fairly small (mostly <0.25 ha, but up to ≈8 ha), geared towards pick-your-own or local sales, with either semierect (e.g., ‘Chester Thornless’) or erect (e.g., ‘Navaho’) cultivars (Clark, 1992). In Oregon, there are ≈2500 ha in production (National Agricultural Statistics Service–Oregon Agricultural Statistics Service, 1999), the crop is primarily machine-harvested for the processing market, and the cultivars are trailing types (e.g., ‘Marion’ and ‘Thornless Evergreen’). The California blackberry industry, while still relatively small, is expanding, using publicly and privately developed trailing, erect, and semierect cultivars that are hand-harvested for wholesale, fresh-market sales. Breeding programs in Florida and Texas have developed blackberry cultivars from indigenous species, but have not accounted for a significant acreage in North America.
Learning Social Etiquette: Human Trajectory Understanding In Crowded Scenes

Humans navigate crowded spaces such as a university campus by following common sense rules based on social etiquette. In this paper, we argue that in order to enable the design of new target tracking or trajectory forecasting methods that can take full advantage of these rules, we need to have access to better data in the first place. To that end, we contribute a new large-scale dataset that collects videos of various types of targets (not just pedestrians, but also bikers, skateboarders, cars, buses, golf carts) that navigate in a real world outdoor environment such as a university campus. Moreover, we introduce a new characterization that describes the “social sensitivity” at which two targets interact. We use this characterization to define “navigation styles” and improve both forecasting models and state-of-the-art multi-target tracking–whereby the learnt forecasting models help the data association step.
Detection of CPM based on second-order cyclostationarity

Previous work has focused on the cyclostationarity properties of complex CPM signals; depending on the size of the symbol alphabet and the values and number of modulation indices, evaluation of cyclostationarity at various high orders may be required. A novel detection method is presented that is based on the cyclostationarity present in the individual real and imaginary components of CPM signals. We observe that second-order cyclostationarity exists for certain delay vectors in 1REC CPM signals, regardless of the size of the symbol alphabet or the values and number of modulation indices. This low-order cyclostationarity is exploited to perform blind, asynchronous detection of CPM signals in the presence of complex additive Gaussian noise.
Individual-based energetic model suggests bottom up mechanisms for the impact of coastal hypoxia on Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) foraging behavior

Wind-driven coastal hypoxia represents an environmental stressor that has the potential to drive redistribution of gilled marine organisms, and thereby indirectly affect the foraging characteristics of air-breathing upper trophic-level predators. We used a conceptual individual-based model to simulate effects of coastal hypoxia on the spatial foraging behavior and efficiency of a marine mammal, the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) on the Oregon coast. Habitat compression of fish was simulated at varying intensities of hypoxia. Modeled hypoxia affected up to 80% of the water column and half of prey species' horizontal habitat. Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), and English sole (Parophrys vetulus) were selected as representative harbor seal prey species. Model outputs most affected by coastal hypoxia were seal travel distance to foraging sites, time spent at depth during foraging dives, and daily energy balance. For larger seals, English sole was the most optimal prey during normoxia, however during moderate to severe hypoxia Pacific sand lance was the most beneficial prey. For smaller seals, Pacific herring was the most efficient prey species during normoxia, but sand lance became more efficient as hypoxia increased. Sand lance represented the highest increase in foraging efficiency during severe hypoxic events for all seals. Results suggest that during increasing hypoxia, smaller adult harbor seals could benefit by shifting from foraging on larger neritic schooling fishes to foraging closer inshore on less energetically-dense forage fish. Larger adult seals may benefit by shifting from foraging on groundfish to smaller, schooling neritic fishes as hypoxia increases. The model suggests a mechanism by which hypoxia may result in increased foraging efficiency of Pacific harbor seals, and therefore increased rates of predation on coastal fishes on the continental shelf during hypoxic events.
An underlying diagnosis of osteonecrosis of bone is associated with worse outcomes than osteoarthritis after total hip arthroplasty

Well-designed studies of complications and readmission rates in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with osteonecrosis are lacking. Our objective was to examine if a diagnosis of osteonecrosis was associated with complications, mortality and readmission rates after THA. We analyzed prospectively collected data from an integrated healthcare system’s Total Joint Replacement Registry of adults with osteonecrosis vs. osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing unilateral primary THA during 2001–2012, in an observational cohort study. We examined mortality (90-day), revision (ever), deep (1 year) and superficial (30-day) surgical site infection (SSI), venous thromboembolism (VTE, 90-day), and unplanned readmission (90-day). Age, gender, race, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and diabetes were evaluated as confounders. We used logistic or Cox regression to calculate odds or hazard ratios (OR, HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of the 47,523 primary THA cases, 45,252 (95.2%) had OA, and 2,271 (4.8%) had osteonecrosis. Compared to the OA, patients with osteonecrosis were younger (median age 55 vs. 67 years), and were less likely to be female (42.5% vs. 58.3%) or White (59.8% vs. 77.4%). Compared to the OA, the osteonecrosis cohort had higher crude incidence of 90-day mortality (0.7% vs. 0.3%), SSI (1.2% vs. 0.8%), unplanned readmission (9.6% vs. 5.2%) and revision (3.1% vs. 2.4%). After multivariable-adjustment, patients with osteonecrosis had a higher odds/hazard of mortality (OR: 2.48; 95% CI:1.31–4.72), SSI (OR: 1.67, 95%CI:1.11–2.51), unplanned 90-day readmissions (OR: 2.20; 95% CI:1.67–2.91) and a trend towards higher revision rate 1-year post-THA (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.94–1.84), than OA patients. Compared to OA, a diagnosis of osteonecrosis was associated with worse outcomes post-THA. A detailed preoperative discussion including the risk of complications is needed for informed consent from patients with osteonecrosis.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastases to the Thyroid Gland: a Meta-Analysis

The thyroid is a rare site of clinically detectable tumor metastases; even though the gland is a highly vascularized structure, the frequency of metastases in the routine practice is less than 0.2% of all thyroid malignancies. The purpose of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the frequency of metastatic diffusion from other primary tumors to the thyroid gland and to suggest the best possible treatment through an evidence-based study. Relevant studies were identified by searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We selected all English-written articles published from 1995 to 2015. Studies were considered eligible if they reported the timing of metastatic spread and the site of the primary tumor in respect to the diaphragmatic region. Case reports were not included. Twenty-eight studies accounted for 514 patients. The rate of metachronous metastases was 69%. Fifty-three percent of primaries originated from the infradiaphragmatic region. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was done in 154 patients and 195 patients were treated mostly with surgery. A prevalence of primary tumors from the infradiaphragmatic region and of metachronous metastases was observed. Knowledge of the clinical history and the ancillary techniques can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of FNAB. Thyroidectomy may be considered a more effective treatment than radio-chemotherapy.