cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleation and amorphization of radiation-produced phases in a modified austenitic stainless steel during Ni-ion irradiation

The nucleation and amorphization of radiation-induced (G) and radiation-enhanced (η) phases in a silicon- and titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel have been studied under nickel-ion irradiation. These silicon- and nickel-enriched phases form under high-temperature (950 K) irradiation as the result of radiation-induced segregation to radiation-produced interstitial dislocation loops. Availability of carbon promotes the formation of η phase relative to G phase. Under lower temperature (450 K) irradiation, G and η phases are amorphized without significant change in composition of metallic elements. Two carbide phases (MC, M23C6) remain crystalline for the same irradiation conditions. The amorphization of the silicides may result from (1) radiation damage increasing their free energy above that of the amorphous state or (2) direct formation of the amorphous phase in the damage cascade.
A low Q electrically small spherical antenna

This paper proposes an electrically small antenna with minimum Q, the TM10 mode must be excited while minimizing excitation of other modes. The TM10 antenna is expected to exhibit an omnidirectional pattern. Indeed, the pattern is found to be that of a monopole with the null directed normal to the ground plane. Cross-polarization is extremely small, suggesting that other modes are not significantly excited.
A comparison of the protective effect of fenoterol and Sch1000 on allergen-induced asthma

Abstract The protective effects of inhaled Sch1000 (80 μg), inhaled fenoterol (800 μg), and placebo on the early asthmatic response induced by inhaled allergen were compared in 10 subjects in a single-blind investigation. Allergen inhalation produced early asthmatic responses in all 10 subjects, with a mean 1-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 ) fall of 31.1% (range, 23% to 40%). The similarity of the responses to allergen inhalation following no pretreatment and following placebo showed that the allergen-induced response was highly reproducible, with coefficients of variation for the maximum percentage FEV 1 fall of ± 7.2%. Sch1000 produced a slight nonsignificant reduction in the magnitude of the early asthmatic response of 20.7% ± 39.7% ( p > 0.10) for the maximum FEV 1 fall. Fenoterol, however, produced a highly significant reduction in the magnitude of the early of 76.4% ± 23.5% ( p 1 fall, which was significantly greater than that produced by Sch1000 ( p
DISCOVER: An Environment for Web-based Interaction and Steering of High-Performance Scientific Applications

SUMMARY This paper presents the design, implementation, and deployment of the DISCOVER web-based computational collaboratory. Its primary goal is to bring large distributed simulations to the scientists’/engineers’ desktop by providing collaborative web-based portals for monitoring, interaction and control. DISCOVER supports a 3-tier architecture composed of detachable thin-clients at the frontend, a network of interactions servers in the middle, and a control network of sensors, actuators, and interaction agents at the back-end. The interaction servers enable clients to connect and collaboratively interact with registered applications using a browser. The application control network enables sensors and actuators to be encapsulated within, and directly deployed with the computational objects. The application interaction gateway manages overall interaction. It uses Java Native Interface to create Java proxies that mirror computational objects and allow them to be directly accessed at the interaction server. Security and authentication are provided using customizable access control lists and SSL-based secure servers.
Intraoperative Placement of Central Venous Pressure Monitoring Cannulas

A method for placement of central venous pressure monitoring and fluid administration catheters is described which we have found quite useful in our practice for the past three years in patients undergoing sternotomy incisions, most commonly for cardiac procedures.
Aims of undergraduate physiology education: a view from the University of Chicago

Feder, Martin E. Aims of undergraduate physiology education: a view from the University of Chicago. Physiology may play an important, if not essential role, in a liberal arts education because it provides a context for integrating information and concepts from diverse biological and extra-biological disciplines. Instructors of physiology may aid in fulfilling this role by clarifying the core concepts that physiological details exemplify. As an example, presented here are the core principles that are the basis for an undergraduate physiology course taught at the University of Chicago. The first of these is: Evolution has resulted in organisms comprising mechanisms for maintenance, growth, and reproduction, despite perturbations of the internal and external environment. Such principles necessitate a coupling of physiology to diverse disciplines (i.e., “sciomics”) and provide a basis for integrating discoveries in other disciplines.
A rapid profiling assay for avian leukosis virus subgroup E proviruses in chickens.

SUMMARY Endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) are prolific components of the genomes of complex species, typically occupying more sequence space than do essential, protein-encoding genes. Much of what we know today about the structure and function, as well as the evolution and pathogenic potential, of ERVs was fleshed out over several decades during the last century using the avian leukosis virus subgroup E–related (ALVE) family of endogenous retroviruses of chickens as a model system. A critical enabling factor in the elucidation of ALVE structure and function is the ability to detect and unambiguously identify specific ALVE proviral elements and to develop accurate element profiles for individual chickens under study. Currently, the most common approach for ALVE locus detection involves element-specific PCR assays carried out using primers that target host DNA near the insertion site of the provirus (i.e., the upstream and downstream flanks of the unoccupied site). Here we describe a new approach for pr...
The diffusion of virtual communities in health care: concepts and challenges.

Abstract Objective This paper providers an overview and discussion of virtual communities in health care. Furthermore, we aim to discuss in this context ethical, legal and technical considerations and the current status of research in this domain. Methods We searched medical and social science literature including survey studies, randomized and non-randomized controlled interventions and reviews. Results The literature indicates that a virtual community in health care as a group of people using telecommunication with the purposes of delivering health care and education, and/or providing support, covers a wide range of clinical specialties, technologies and stakeholders. Examples include peer-to-peer networks, virtual health care delivery and research teams. Ethical challenges including the concepts of identity and deception, privacy and confidentiality and technical issues, such as sociability and usability are discussed. Conclusion Virtual communities may empower patients and enhance coordination of care services; however, there is not sufficient systematic evidence of the effectiveness of virtual communities on clinical outcomes or patient empowerment. Researchers need to address issues, such as sample sizes and experimental design to further the research field in this domain. Practice implications When practitioners utilize virtual community tools to communicate with patients or colleagues they have to maximize sociability and usability of this mode of communication, while addressing concerns for privacy and the fear of de-humanizing practice, and the lack of clarity or relevance of current legislative frameworks.
Research and Collaboration in Rural Community Health

Developing collaborative projects that involve community health nurses, researchers, health providers, community groups and individuals is one way to increase an awareness of critical health needs. This paper describes a community, collaborative effort to bring a Remote Area Medical (RAM) event to southwestern Virginia and northeastern Tennessee. It also presents a description of the information gathered from the attendees of the RAM event that was used by local community health care agencies and politicians to leverage state and national officials for increased health care services for this area of Appalachia. Keywords : Rural, Community Health, Community Collaboration
TIMING IN PIGEONS : THE CHOOSE-SHORT EFFECT MAY RESULT FROM PIGEONS' CONFUSION BETWEEN DELAY AND INTERTRIAL INTERVALS

In conditional discriminations, when samples differ only in duration, pigeons typically show a choose-short effect (i.e., higher matching accuracy on short-duration-sample than on long-durationsample trials with increasing delay between sample and comparison stimuli). That this effect depends on the similarity of retention interval (RI) and intertrial interval (ITI) houselight illumination conditions has been taken as evidence that pigeons judge duration relative to a temporal background. In the present experiment, pigeons trained with duration samples and with the ITI either illuminated or not showed a choose-short bias only when the RI illumination on test trials was the same as the ITI illumination had been in training. The results support the hypothesis that the choose-short effect results from the pigeons’ confusion between the ITI and the RI.
Off-axis sliding contact reliability and failure modes of veneered alumina and zirconia☆

Abstract Objective All-ceramic dental crowns are popular because of their esthetics and biocompatibility. However, they often chip or fracture when subjected to repeated occlusal loading. Considerable efforts to improve the materials are being done through the study of fatigue and failure modes. The vast majority of fatigue studies have been conducted with uniaxial loading and no sliding action. We hypothesized different failure modes for porcelain veneered Y-TZP and that the reliability of porcelain veneered Y-TZP is higher than that of porcelain veneered alumina when subjected to fatigue under 30° off-axis sliding Y-TZP and alumina plates were porcelain veneered and cemented to aged composite blocks as a model for an all-ceramic crown on dentin. Methods Specimens (n = 21 per group) were fatigue at 30° off-axis with a hard sphere sliding contact in water, by means of a mouth-motion simulator apparatus. Results Although no difference between groups was found, the failure modes differed and there was a tendency to higher reliability for Y-TZP compared to alumina for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 150 N load. Significance Failure modes for alumina specimens were deep penetrating partial cone cracks and cementation internal surface radial cracks. Y-TZP specimens showed only surface damage with deep penetrating partial cone cracks extending to the veneer core interface, with no cementation surface radial cracking, which overall agrees with clinical finding. Angled sliding contact appears to better simulate oral function.
In vivo Molecular Imaging of Cancer with a Quenching Near Infrared Fluorescent Probe Using Conjugates of Monoclonal Antibodies and Indocyanine Green

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores have several advantages over visible fluorophores, including improved tissue penetration and lower autofluorescence; however, only indocyanine green (ICG) is clinically approved. Its use in molecular imaging probes is limited because it loses its fluorescence after protein binding. This property can be harnessed to create an activatable NIR probe. After cell binding and internalization, ICG dissociates from the targeting antibody, thus activating fluorescence. ICG was conjugated to the antibodies daclizumab (Dac), trastuzumab (Tra), or panitumumab (Pan). The conjugates had almost no fluorescence in PBS but became fluorescent after SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, with a quenching capacity of 10-fold for 1:1 conjugates and 40- to 50-fold for 1:5 conjugates. In vitro microscopy showed activation within the endolysosomes in target cells. In vivo imaging in mice showed that CD25-expressing tumors were specifically visualized with Dac-ICG. Furthermore, tumors overexpressing HER1 and HER2 were successfully characterized in vivo by using Pan-ICG(1:5) and Tra-ICG(1:5), respectively. Thus, we have developed an activatable NIR optical probe that "switches on" only in target cells. Because both the antibody and the fluorophore are Food and Drug Administration approved, the likelihood of clinical translation is improved.
A two-input two-output control model of HCCI engines

This paper outlines a 2-input, 2-state control-oriented system model of the residual-affected homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) process. The combustion timing and peak pressure are the model states, while the inducted gas composition and effective compression ratio are the model inputs. In previous work the authors utilized the self-stabilizing characteristic of residual-affected HCCI to neglect the combustion timing dynamics to arrive at a single-input, single-output dynamic model. In this paper the combustion timing dynamics are explicitly included for two reasons: the resulting model is more accurate and allows the simultaneous, coordinated control of both in-cylinder pressure and combustion timing. Following the model development, the experimental results of an H/sub 2/ controller are given, demonstrating the utility of the control model outlined.
IS THERE A (DOWNWARD SLOPING) DEMAND CURVE FOR VOLUNTEER LABOUR

*: Are organizations that use volunteers content to accept all of the volunteer labour offered to them, or do they make some sort of demand-side decision as to how much volunteer labour to use? This paper looks for evidence of such a demand curve for volunteer labour in data collected by the Urban Institute in the early 1980s. Evidence is found that organizations are consistent over time in their use of volunteer labour.
Schistosomiasis: an overview.

(1992). Schistosomiasis: An Overview. Immunological Investigations: Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 383-390.
Effect of Rate-Dependent Soil Strength on Cylinders Penetrating Into Soft Clay

This paper presents a predictive model for undrained penetration of cylinders into soft seafloor soils. The penetration depth will depend on the velocity of the cylinder as it touches down at the seafloor, and the net deceleration of the cylinder as it is acted on by forces of self-weight, soil buoyancy, and soil-shearing resistance. The soil-shearing resistance force increases as a function of penetration depth and, due to the dependence of undrained shear strength on strain rate, penetration velocity. This paper presents finite element (FE) simulations that quantify both effects and form the basis of a simplified soil-resisting force model. Strain-rate effects are modeled within a framework of rate-dependent plasticity, with shearing resistance increasing semilogarithmically with increasing strain rate above a certain threshold strain rate. With all forces acting on the cylinder, estimated penetration depths are predicted from simple equations of motion for a single particle. Comparisons to laboratory tests involving penetration of cylinders into soft reconstituted marine clay show reasonable agreement between model predictions and measurements.
Cognitive outcomes for extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight children in kindergarten.

Our objectives were to examine cognitive outcomes for extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW, gestational age <28 weeks and/or birth weight <1000 g) children in kindergarten and the associations of these outcomes with neonatal factors, early childhood neurodevelopmental impairment, and socioeconomic status (SES). The sample comprised a hospital-based 2001–2003 birth cohort of 148 EPT/ELBW children (mean birth weight 818 g; mean gestational age 26 weeks) and a comparison group of 111 term-born normal birth weight (NBW) classmate controls. Controlling for background factors, the EPT/ELBW group had pervasive deficits relative to the NBW group on a comprehensive test battery, with rates of cognitive deficits that were 3 to 6 times higher in the EPT/ELBW group. Deficits on a measure of response inhibition were found in 48% versus 10%, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 7.32 (3.32, 16.16), p < .001. Deficits on measures of executive function and motor and perceptual-motor abilities were found even when controlling for acquired verbal knowledge. Neonatal risk factors, early neurodevelopmental impairment, and lower SES were associated with higher rates of deficits within the EPT/ELBW group. The findings document both global and selective cognitive deficits in EPT/ELBW children at school entry and justify efforts at early identification and intervention. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1067–1079)
Individual difference and contextual variables influence spatial memory in younger and older adults

This study examined the influence of individual difference and contextual variables on the magnitude of age differences in memory for spatial location. Younger adults and 2 samples of older adults that differed in educational attainment, verbal intelligence, and working memory ability were compared. Ss studied and later recreated an arrangement of small objects that were placed on a plain map or a visually distinctive model. The objects were either unrelated or categorically related items. The results indicated that distinctive context enhanced spatial memory, and the magnitude of the benefit was generally comparable across age groups and stimulus sets. Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed that working memory resources accounted for a sizable proportion of age-related variance in memory for spatial location. The implications of these results for current views on age-related differences in memory for spatial location are discussed.
Parallel short sequence assembly of transcriptomes

The de novo assembly of genomes and transcriptomes from short sequences is a challenging problem. Because of the high coverage needed to assemble short sequences as well as the overhead of modeling the assembly problem as a graph problem, the methods for short sequence assembly are often validated using data from BACs or small sized prokaryotic genomes. We present a parallel method for transcriptome assembly from large short sequence data sets. Our solution uses a rigorous graph theoretic framework and tames the computational and space complexity using parallel computers. First, we construct a distributed bidirected graph that captures overlap information. Next, we compact all chains in this graph to determine long unique contigs using undirected parallel list ranking, a problem for which we present an algorithm. Finally, we process this compacted distributed graph to resolve unique regions that are separated by repeats, exploiting the naturally occurring coverage variations arising from differential expression. We demonstrate the validity of our method using a synthetic high coverage data set generated from the predicted coding regions of Zea mays. We assemble 925 million sequences consisting of 40 billion nucleotides in a few minutes on a 1024 processor Blue Gene/L. Our method is the first fully distributed method for assembling a non-hierarchical short sequence data set and can scale to large problem sizes.
Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Effects of Increased Colloid Osmotic Pressure During Endotoxemia in Rats

Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that an increase in the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) that is maintained during early-stage endotoxemia may decrease fluid flux across capillaries and may reduce pulmonary and multiple-organ edema. Design: Prospective study. Settings: Research laboratory in a hospital. Subjects: Male albino Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions: Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, underwent tracheotomies, were cannulated in the femoral vein and artery, and were randomly assigned to the following four groups comprising 11 rats each: group I, controls (saline solution treatment); group II, albumin treatment (three doses of 1 g/kg 25% human albumin every 2 h); group III, endotoxin treatment with a single IV dose of 4 mg/kg endotoxin; and group IV, endotoxin and albumin-treatment (4 mg/kg endotoxin plus albumin treatment). Experiments lasted for 6 h while fluid intake was equally maintained in all groups. Measurements and results: COP and other variables were measured every 2 h. To determine the water content of an organ, after the rat was killed, the lung, heart, kidney, intestine, and liver were removed. Albumin treatment alone (group II) generated significant increases in COP (maximum, 58% from the baseline measurement) but did not change the water content of the organ, compared with saline solution-treated controls. Endotoxin-treated rats (group III) developed significant reductions in COP, with significant increases in pulmonary, renal, and heart water content compared with controls. Albumin treatment in endotoxemic rats (group IV) significantly increased the COP without improving the endotoxemia-induced organ edema. Pulmonary edema, however, was increased further, compared with endotoxemia alone. Conclusions: COP elevation by albumin administration during the early stage of endotoxemia does not ameliorate pulmonary or multiple-organ edema and may aggravate pulmonary edema. (CHEST 2001; 120:1655–1662)
Root colonization of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pepper (Capsicum annuum) by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2–79RL

summary The survival and physiological status of a plant-beneficial pseudomonad on the roots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pepper were examined. Pepper plants were grown for 20 d in split-root microcosms with one side of the root system mycorrhizal with Glomus deserticola (GD) or Glomus intraradices (GI), while the other side was non-mycorrhizal. Plants with both sides non-mycorrhizal served as controls. The soil was inoculated with a bioluminescence-marked strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens 2–79RL. Due to a ribosomal promoter that has been coupled to a lux gene cassette, P. fluorescens 2–79RL emits light in its exponential growth phase. Previous studies showed that the length of the lag phase of bioluminescence after transfer of soil-cultured cells into rich medium can be used to assess the physiological status of this strain. After 20 d, shoot and root weight of the mycorrhizal plants in comparison with the control plants was decreased by 35% and 45% by GD and GI, respectively, indicating a high carbon cost of the mycorrhizal infection. Mycorrhizal infection was only 6% for GD, whereas it was 40 % for GI. Compared with the non-mycorrhizal plants, GD affected P. fluorescens 2–79RL on the roots only on the side where the fungus was present, but had no effect on the non-mycorrhizal side. On the mycorrhizal side, GD decreased the population density of P. fluorescens 2–79RL by 50 % and its physiological status by one order of magnitude. By contrast, GI decreased both the population density and the physiological status on the mycorrhizal and the non-mycorrhizal side by one order of magnitude. On individual root segments, there was no correlation between the percentage mycorrhizal infection and the population density of P. fluorescens 2–79RL. It is concluded that some mycorrhizal fungi can reduce both the population density and the physiological status of certain bacterial groups in the rhizosphere.
Experimental Rotordynamic Characterization of Annular Seals: Facility and Methodology

Annular seals are known to enhance rotordynamic stability margins and minimize vibration response levels in high-speed rotating machinery. Theoretical predictions for the rotordynamic characteristics of annular seals exist but additional experimental data is needed to properly anchor these results. NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed an annular seal test rig and facility to experimentally characterize axially-fed annular seals. The objective of MSFC’s annular seal test rig is to obtain the rotordynamic coefficients (direct and cross-coupled stiffness, damping, and added mass) for a variety of high Reynolds number annular seals. The MSFC test rig supports centered-seal testing with inlet pressures up to 138 bars (2000 psi) and flow rates of over 946 liters per minute (250 gpm). The rig’s shaft is powered by a 186 kilowatt (250 horsepower) steam turbine capable of rotational speeds of over 20,000 revolutions per minute (rpm). A description of the identification process used to obtain rotordynamic coefficients is given as well as procedures for ensuring quality data. Experimental results for a smooth annular seal with an L/D = 0.5 is presented. Excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
What Americans Want

America may be in for a rude awakening over the next few decades. The Baby Boomers came into their own during the 1980s through the 2000s. Their affluence and need for space was matched by developers who provided low-cost products across America’s landscape. Boomers accounted for about three-quarters of the demand for all new housing during this period, and America became a truly suburban nation.
Understanding Post-Colonial Cameroonian Migration

This paper examines the scope and trajectory of post-colonial migration from Cameroon, with a focus on migration to the United States in the last three decades. It delves into the historical forces which have shaped that migration and the overall impact on Cameroon.
Exigent Circumstances: How Useful are the Lower Courts Tests If They Require so Many

The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and permits the issuance of a warrant only on the finding of probable cause. However, exigent circumstances allow for reasonable searches and seizures without the issuance of a warrant. While the United States Supreme Court has allowed a broad range of circumstances under the exigent circumstances rule, lower courts have placed their own restrictions on what falls under this rule. If lower courts continue to place their own restraints on what can be considered exigent circumstance and what cannot be, then the exigent circumstances rule will become irrelevant. The author through this article will analyze how the lower courts’ additional tests for the exigent circumstances rule bring about a presumption that their tests will completely eliminate exigent circumstances for police officers, by allowing criminals to argue that the officers impermissibly created exigent circumstances. Through the Kentucky v. King case, the author will show how these added requirements will make it hard for police officers to know when they can reasonably perform searches and seizures without a warrant. She concludes that the only tests that should be of relevance are those that were implemented by the United States Supreme Court in order to maintain uniformity and allow police officers to effectively conduct reasonable searches and seizures.
Microelectrode Study of the Physiology of Neurons in the Fish Retina

The microelectrode technique was first applied to the retina by Granit and Svaetichin (1939) for the analysis of the nervous activity of single ganglion cells. Later this technique was utilised for recording electrical activities from within the retinal tissue (Tomita, 1950). Intraretinal recording made possible the more direct localisation of ERG components in retinal layers and the detection of potentials arising in limited regions within the retina. In the following two decades, microelectrode techniques have evolved to the level when intracellular recording from every type of retinal cell is possible, as well as marking after recording for later histological identification of cell type (Kaneko, 1970).
To κ(+) B or not to κ(+) B.

Immature B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes assemble antigen receptor–encoding genes in lineage- and developmental stage–specific fashion. New findings show that pre-B cells use specialized locus-specific epigenetic mechanisms to promote recombination of the locus encoding the immunoglobulin κ-chain (Igk) and κ-chain+ B cell development.
The association of Pestalotia species with members of the leguminous tree genera Hymenaea and Copaifera in the neotropics.

Species of Pestalotia (Deuteromycetes, Melanconiales) were isolated from leaves of species of the two related tropical resin-producing genera, Hymenaea and Copaifera (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), which had been collected for systematic and ecological studies. Species of these tree genera are found in restricted areas of rainforests in Africa but occur sympatrically in all of the major lowland ecosystems of Central and South America (Langenheim, 1981). As part of a longterm evolutionary study of tropical resin-producing trees, leaf sesquiterpenes have been used as chemosystematic characters and then assessed for possible defensive properties against fungi and insects (Langenheim, 1981, 1984).
A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico

The study of the fungous flora of Porto Rico has received in recent years considerable attention from American mycologists. Their enthusiasm has been stimulated by the extensive collections made by Stevens, Fink, Whetzel and Olive, and has led to the publication of a series of papers which give us some conception of the richness of the mycological flora of the island. These studies are of importance, since they represent the first attempt on the part of American mycologists to gain a clearer knowledge of the fungi of the West Indies. A fairly complete account of the Uredinales has been presented in the publications of Arthur (2, 3) and Whetzel and Olive (22). but our knowledge of the pyrenomycetes is still far from perfect in spite of the numerous papers which have appeared dealing with the members of this group. Klotzch and Sintenis seem to have been the first botanists to
Understanding the role of psychopathology in bariatric surgery outcomes

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity; however, a subset of patients who undergo this procedure regain weight or achieve suboptimal weight loss results. A large number of studies have examined whether psychological variables play a role in weight loss surgery outcome. Although presurgical psychopathology has been found to be associated with suboptimal results in some studies, this literature is equivocal. These inconsistent findings are reviewed and considered in the context of contemporary models of psychopathology. More specifically, the review focuses on the limitations of atheoretical, descriptive diagnostic systems and examines whether comorbidity within the mood/anxiety disorders, impulse control/substance use disorders and thought disorders can account for the inconsistent findings reported to date. Contemporary models of psychopathology are highlighted and linked to the Research Domain Criteria, which have been advanced by the National Institute of Health. Means for assessing psychological constructs congruent with these models are reviewed. Recommendations are made for standardizing approaches to investigating how psychopathology contributes to suboptimal bariatric surgery outcomes.
The Application Security Analysis of Mobile Platform Access and Mobile Terminal of Fire Department

According to yunnan province public security fire control forces fire mobile access platform and mobile terminal construction and application situation,this paper expounds the mobile access business system construction to realize functions and security mechanism,according to the problems found in use,and summarizes the construction use mobile access system,which need to pay attention to problem for reference.
Controversies in fluid and electrolyte therapy for the premature infant

This article reviews the concept of maintenance therapy and describes the pertinent physiologic changes associated with premature infants transition to extra-uterine life. These discussions provide the background for the major controversies surrounding this therapy.
Automated Vehicles: Take-Over Request and System Prompt Evaluation

As automated driving technology advances, the driver’s role continues to shift from active vehicle control to passive monitoring of the automated driving system and environment. This study comprised three experiments on controlled test tracks in mixed traffic that investigated driver interactions with prototype Level 2 and Level 3 partially automated driving systems. The study investigated which human-machine interface (HMI) characteristics are most effective at issuing a Take-Over Request (TOR) during the operation of a Level 2 automated driving system, how to prompt drivers to attend to the road when distracted during the operation of a Level 2 automated driving system (and whether these prompts are effective over time), and which HMI characteristics are most effective at issuing a TOR during the operation of a Level 3 automated driving system. In addition, participants’ trust in the automated driving system they experienced was gauged through multiple Likert-type surveys and an after-experience interview.
Communication, Culture, and Identity in Public Diplomacy

As international relations expand from nation-states to include more nonstate actors, and communication and commerce erase national borders, culture becomes the new frontier for defining identities as well as allegiances. Culture is integral to communication between nations and foreign publics. Cultural diversity is also a defining feature of the global communication era. This chapter contrasts the wave of interest in culture that spread across international relations studies, with the relative narrow view of public diplomacy on culture as a tool, product, or vehicle for communication. Missing is the role of culture as a force that shapes and defines a nation’s communication. U.S. public diplomacy appears to have its distinct style of communicating. This chapter explores some of the cultural features of U.S. public diplomacy and concludes with ways U.S. public diplomacy can develop a multicultural approach to help guard against unintended identity challenges with culturally diverse publics.
Jessie, a Girl with Two Moms

The Jessie Books are a seven-book series complete with a dedicated website. Each book features a 5-year-old girl named Jessie who happens to live in a city with her two moms. Each book features Jessie as an ordinary young girl engaging in familiar, life-enriching activities. Across The Jessie Books, the community of caregivers, extended relatives, and intergenerational friends convey the notion of a caring and loving family. This concept of family is relevant to elementary education in light of the expanding diversity in and around schoolchildren. Increasing numbers of school-age children have lesbian mothers and caregivers, or live in dual mom-headed households. For adults who deem The Jessie Books' narrative beyond the scope of young readers, links are made between the storylines and the English Language Arts Common Core State Standards. Ideally, upon discovery of these texts, their content and integration will be called for and embraced in the elementary curriculum.
Dimension Reduction with Random Projections

Signatures used in human reidentification problems are usually of high dimension, ranging from 2,000 to 10,000. While a higher dimensional feature vector usually results in better performance since it is capturing more information, the training process is going to take a very long time, making online training and refinement less feasible. In this chapter, we are going to talk about an approach to significantly reduce the dimensionality of the signatures with the help of random projection and random forest.
An SN Algorithm for Modern Architectures

Discrete ordinates transport packages from the Los Alamos National Laboratory are required to perform large computationally intensive time-dependent calculations on massively parallel architectures...
Racial and Gender Differences in Tissue Plasminogen Activator Metrics Over Telemedicine (P6.029)

Objective: We hypothesized that there are no racial/ethnic or gender differences in intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) administration metrics over telemedicine (TM). Background: Several studies have demonstrated racial/ethnic and gender disparities in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management which persist after adjustment for measures of socioeconomic status. As AIS management and IV tPA treatment via TM increases, it is important to assess for differences in treatment metrics by race/ethnicity and gender. Methods: We identified 349 patients in our TM stroke registry who received tPA at one of our 14 spoke hospitals from 2/2014 to 5/2015. We abstracted baseline characteristics, and compared tPA metrics among different groups, including race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian) and gender. Results: Baseline characteristics and clinical variables are available for review. The median time between TM code stroke alert and tPA administration was longer for women compared to men (44.5 vs 40, p=0.00), which is reflected in a significantly longer median DTN time for women (73 vs 64, p=0.01). This difference persisted when adjusted for age, race, and baseline NIHSS (p=0.01). However, there was no significant difference in tPA metrics between race in our dataset. Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to define factors contributing to gender difference in tPA treatment metrics over TM. Disclosure: Dr. Jagolino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bozorgui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Irani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ankrom has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cossey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharrief has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vahidy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Savitz has received research support from NIH T32 grant. Dr. Wu has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech.
An RNA Recognition Motif-Containing Protein Functions in Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA

Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD) is a biological process that searches pairs of homologous chromosomes (homologs) for segments of DNA that are unpaired. Genes found within unpaired segments are silenced for the duration of meiosis. In this report, we describe the identification and characterization of Neurospora crassa sad-7, a gene that encodes a protein with an RNA recognition motif (RRM). Orthologs of sad-7 are found in a wide range of ascomycete fungi. In N. crassa, sad-7 is required for a fully efficient MSUD response to unpaired genes. Additionally, at least one parent must have a functional sad-7 allele for a cross to produce ascospores. Although sad-7-null crosses are barren, sad-7Δ strains grow at a wild-type (wt) rate and appear normal under vegetative growth conditions. With respect to expression, sad-7 is transcribed at baseline levels in early vegetative cultures, at slightly higher levels in mating-competent cultures, and is at its highest level during mating. These findings suggest that SAD-7 is specific to mating-competent and sexual cultures. Although the role of SAD-7 in MSUD remains elusive, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based tagging studies place SAD-7 within nuclei, perinuclear regions, and cytoplasmic foci of meiotic cells. This localization pattern is unique among known MSUD proteins and raises the possibility that SAD-7 coordinates nuclear, perinuclear, and cytoplasmic aspects of MSUD.
BIOSENSORS FOR DIRECT MONITORING AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT ISSUES

Research on indoor air pollution is motivated by the following three maxims (1) individuals spend up to 95 percent of their time indoors in residences, work place, intransit and in entertainment environments; (2) indoor air pollutant concentrations are frequently higher than corresponding outdoor pollutant concentrations; and (3) if all ambient air pollution standards were attained, health effects associated with air pollution would not be eliminated because exposure to pollutants generated indoors would remain at the same levels. Biosensor monitoring for indoor air pollution research and exposure assessment is inspired by a strong desire for direct exposure monitoring because, presently, the majority of exposure sampling studies combine area monitoring with time budget information to estimate exposure to air pollutants as the initial step to exposure assessment.
Lithofacies and stratigraphy of a complete Woodford Shale outcrop section in South Central Oklahoma: Geologic considerations for the evaluation of unconventional shale reservoirs

This paper presents a detailed rock-based documentation of a previously undescribed Woodford Shale outcrop in South Central Oklahoma. The complete exposed section provided the opportunity to investigate lithological attributes across the complete Woodford Shale thickness, as well as on its under- and overlying formational contacts. Within the Woodford Shale strata seven lithofacies were recognized honoring textural and compositional attributes, and were grouped based on their weathering response into Soft (incompetent) and Hard (competent) beds.Internally, across the Woodford interval there is an overall upward increase in quartz content, represented by higher proportions of siliceous shales and chert around the middle and upper members, whereas the lower member is mostly dominated by organic and clay-rich shales interbedded with minor proportions of cherty beds. However, most notable, was the rhythmic cyclicity between hard (brittle) and soft (ductile) lithofacies throughout the Woodford, from which syst...
In vitro Comparison of Three Salbutamol-Containing Multidose Dry Powder Inhalers

Objective: To compare the in vitro drug delivery characteristics of three salbutamol-containing multidose dry powder inhalers, Buventol Easyhaler®, Inspiryl Turbuhaler® and Ventoline Diskus®. Materials and Methods: Dose accuracy and consistency, fine particle dose (FPD)/fine particle fraction (FPF), and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) [measured by Multi-Stage Liquid Impinger] were determined for each inhaler at variable airflow rates (30 and 60 L/min) and at ‘equivalent’ flow rates (corresponding to a 4kPa pressure drop). Results: Dose accuracy and consistency (expressed as percentage of label claim) of Easyhaler® (mean 95%, SD <4.5% at 30 to 60 L/min) compared favourably with that of Turbuhaler® (mean 88%, SD 19% at 60 L/min) and Diskus® (mean 93%, SD 8% at 90 L/min). The FPF at an ‘equivalent’ flow rate was 21% for Easyhaler®, 24% for Turbuhaler® and 20% for Diskus®. The FPF of Turbuhaler® was strongly influenced by flow rate (12 to 24% at 30 to 60 L/min), whereas the FPF of Easyhaler® (16 to 23% at 30 to 60 L/min) and Diskus® (15 to 21% at 30 to 90 L/min) was less variable. MMAD values for Easyhaler® and Turbuhaler® were stable at flow rates of 30 to 60 L/min, whereas the particle size distribution for Diskus® was more dependent on flow rate. Easyhaler® had a considerably lower MMAD than Turbuhaler® at flow rates of 30 to 60 L/min. Conclusions: This study demonstrated favourable dose delivery and consistency with Buventol Easyhaler® compared with Inspiryl Turbuhaler® and Ventoline Diskus®. Delivered dose and FPF showed less flow dependency with Easyhaler® and Diskus® than with Turbuhaler®.
Efficient online-group-screening designs for agent identification

Identifying significant causal agents among a large number of candidates is challenging. When experimental resources are limited, exhaustively screening a large number of agents for the desired effect could incur a large cost and take a substantial amount of time. However, in many large scale experiments, such as high-throughput screening (HTS), the ratio of causal to non-causal agents is usually very low. In this paper, we introduce a group-screening strategy to efficiently screen causal agents by grouping them into treatments. Our analysis shows that when a large number of candidates factors are screened and true agent percentage is very low (less than 1%), even in the worst case we could save up to 80% of the experiment runs. In the case where experiments span many rounds, we provide an online version of the group-screening that can determine the best strategy automatically based on the existing results. We applied this method to a real HTS experiment with 50,000 candidates that would require 9 rounds to finish in an exhaustive case. Our analysis showed that by applying the online-group-screening method, in the worst case, we can use 3 rounds and 19.7% (9828/50000) total tests to identify all the agents. Finally, we show that with minor modifications, this framework extends to more complex agent discovery problems.
A self-folding robot arm for load-bearing operations

Self-folding is capable of forming complex three-dimensional structures from planar sheets. However, existing self-folding machines cannot generate large forces or bear high loads. In contrast, traditional robots are expected to operate under large loads but these robots are generally dense, resulting in heavy machines with relatively low strength-to-weight ratios. In this paper, we present a new self-folding technique that is meter-scale and load-bearing. We demonstrate the design and fabrication of both structural beams and pneumatically actuated joints. We model and measure the stiffness and strength of self-folded structural beams. Finally, we integrate these results into a robotic arm that weighs 0.3 kg and can lift up to 1.0 kg. These results indicate that functional, load-bearing, self-folding robots are possible.
Learning About the Lives and Early Experiences of Notable Asian American Women: Productive Giftedness, Childhood Traits, and Supportive Conditions:

Despite one-dimensional stereotypes and barriers experienced by Asian American women, many have achieved prominence. We know very little about these stories, their lives, or what helped them to ach...
The Constitutionality of a Mark-to-Market Taxing System

This article comments on “Is a Broadly Based Mark-to-Market Tax Unconstitutional,” by Gene Magidenko. Magidenko gets all the big points right in questioning the constitutionality of a mark-to-market system of taxation, but this article suggests he did not emphasize one point enough: the Supreme Court’s 1920 decision in Eisner v. Macomber, which concluded that realization is a requirement for a tax to be on income within the meaning of the Sixteenth Amendment, continues to reflect the Court’s understanding. Although the Court cut back on Macomber’s scope over the years, it has not repudiated the case. And in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, decided in 2012, Chief Justice Roberts, in an opinion joined in relevant part by four other justices, cited Macomber favorably on an issue of constitutional law.
The Renormalization Group

The renormalization group was discovered in relativistic field theories by Stuckleberg, and independently by Gell-Mann and Low. Later Leo Kadanoff understood that something similar to the field theory renormalization group was the origin of universality in critical phenomena. It was Ken Wilson who, in a series of papers in the early 1970s, showed how to reconcile the continuum field theory and lattice statistical mechanics viewpoints and made the renormalization group into a practical tool for calculation. It is fair to say that Kadanoff and Wilson changed our entire attitude to quantum field theory. Before them field theory consisted of the Feynman rules for writing down the perturbation expansion, and the renormalization program for extracting finite answers from the divergent Feynman integrals. There was no clear notion of what a field theory was outside perturbation theory. Because the perturbation series is at best an asymptotic expansion, and because such expansions do not uniquely determine the quantity they represent, there was no agreement as to what constituted a valid computation of any nonperturbative effect. People of equal skill and good faith could come to very different conclusions. This is not true today.