cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two water-soluble optically resolvable dyes for comparing pesticide spray distribution.

A technique for studying pesticide deposit on natural targets using two optically resolvable water-soluble food dyes is described. Flolene FD&;C Blue No.1 and Flolene FD&;C Yellow No.6 can be retrieved from a natural surface (green pepper leaves) and subsequently resolved spectrophotometrically. The ability to resolve two dyes from a single leaf surface eliminates variability due to leaf surface orientation and position within the plant and allows precise comparison of different spray technologies. The system described has a detection limit of ≈ 0.1 ppm. These dyes are safe, water-soluble, and inexpensive tools for research involving comparison and quantification of spray depositions.
EFFECT OF DURATION OF RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (ROM) ON HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE (HMD) AND INFECTION (INF)

We tested the hypothesis that prolonged ROM over 24 hours (PROM) would result in a decreased incidence of HMD. We retrospectively reviewed 19,511 consecutive deliveries born during 1970-72 at MWH. PROM was not associated with either 1) a decreased incidence of HMD or 2) a decreased mortality from HMD (See Table). Separate evaluation of vaginal and C-section deliveries did not alter this relationship. HMD was a major cause of death (COD) in infants 27-30 weeks (wk) gestation irrespective of dnration of ROM. Among infants 31-34 wk gestation, the risk of death from HMD and from INF was similar. In infants 35-38 wk, the risk of death from INF exceeded that from HMD.
Theoretical Characterization of the Air-Stable, High-Mobility Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]-thiophene Organic Semiconductor

Recently, an optimum mobility of 8.3 cm2/(Vs) has been measured for single-crystal organic field-effect transistors based on the dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]-thiophene (DNTT) molecule. Here, on the basis of quantum chemistry calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the microscopic charge transport parameters of the DNTT molecule and crystal. Our findings confirm that the moderate anisotropy of the hole mobility in DNTT is highly dependent on the presence of in-plane herringbonelike intermolecular interactions with large electronic coupling (transfer integral) values (ca. 0.1 eV). Also, we demonstrate that the π-extended heteroaromatic structure leads to strong electronic coupling interactions among neighboring molecules and to a decrease of the intramolecular reorganization energy. In DNTT, thermal modulations of the electronic couplings at 300 K remain small when compared to those exhibited by the pentacene single crystal. This theoretical study suggests that heteroacenes ...
Association of guanylate cyclase with the axoneme of retinal rods

Abstract Axonemes were isolated from purified bovine retinal rod outer segments by dissolving the outer segment membranes in detergent and separating the axonemes by centrifugation on a linear detergent-containing sucrose density gradient. Guanylate cyclase (GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2) activity was concentrated in the axoneme fraction. Guanylate cyclase eluted in the void volume when detergent-solubilized rod outer segments were subjected to exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 4B. Attempts to extract guanylate cyclase from isolated axonemes with salt, EDTA, base and other reagents were unsuccessful.
Characterization of Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein I from Chick Embryo and Its Ligand Binding Properties☆

Abstract In order to characterize cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) from chick embryos, we resolved the [ 3 H]RA-binding activity of embryo extracts by Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography. Fractions containing [ 3 H]RA-binding proteins eluted in two peaks at 7 and 10 min with the latter showing 10-fold higher activity than the former. When the [ 3 H]RA-binding activity in the major peak was resolved on a Superose-12 size-exclusion column, a protein of about 15,000 Da, similar in size to CRABP I or II, was eluted. The identity of this RA-binding component as CRABP I was confirmed by its immunopositive reaction with a CRABP I-specific monoclonal antibody. The chick embryo CRABP I, upon electrophoresis on native gel, however, showed slower migration than the mouse CRABP I, although both exhibited similar isoelectric pH (p I ) of about 4.5. Equilibrium binding studies performed under saturating levels of RA indicated that the retinoid bound to the chick CRABP I with a K d of 27 n M , a value similar to that reported for the native form of this protein from other species. Moreover, as indicated by their IC 50 values, the relative binding affinities of various RA analogs for chick CRABP I are consistent with those obtained with human and mouse CRABP I. These results demonstrate that the major RA-binding protein expressed in chick embryo, while having a different charge as judged by electrophoretic mobility, is similar to mouse CRABP I in its size, p I , antigenic specificity, and ligand binding properties.
Local Relationships between United States West Coast Precipitation and Monthly Mean Circulation Parameters

Abstract Monthly accumulations of area-averaged precipitation along the West Coast of the United States are related to estimates of local circulation parameters. The annual cycle as well as anomalous components of these quantities are compared. A strong annual cycle in most of the circulation parameters reflects the influence of the large-scale circulation on the annual variation of the precipitation field. For the anomalous monthly components, especially in winter, high correlations are found between precipitation and sea-level pressure or 70 kPa height. Other circulation parameters are also significantly correlated with the precipitation. These include the zonal and meridional wind components and the advection of relative vorticity.
A complex variable Green's function representation of plane inelastic deformation in isotropic solids

A Green's function representation of the plane inelastic deformation in isotropic solids is given using a complex variable method of Muskhelishvili. Based on the fact that the inelastic deformation in a plane infinitesimal region (which we call a plastic source) can be represented by a double couple, its Green's functions are derived in terms of the complex potential functions; these Green's functions, then, are used as the kernel functions in an area integral representation of the complex potential functions for the inelastic deformation of a finite extent. Emphasis is placed on deriving the area integral representation of the two basic complex potential functions (i.e., ϕ and ψ in Muskhelishvili's notation); once they are obtained, any physical quantities such as the displacement, the stress, and the traction can be calculated by simply following the formulae of Muskhelishvili.
STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF VORTEX LINES

A system of equations determining average velocity of ideal incompressible fluid is derived from the assumption that fluid motion is ergodic. Two flows are considered: one vortex line in a bounded cylindrical domain and a flow of almost circular vortex lines. In the first case the averaged equations have the form of an eigenvalue problem similar to that for Schrődinger’s equation.
Dermatoglyphic abnormalities in the fetal alcohol syndrome

Dermatoglyphics of 19 male and 23 female patients with fetal alcohol syndrome were compared with those of matched controls. Both male and female patients differed in several of the dermatoglyphic characteristics from their sex-matched controls. The abnormalities of dermatoglyphics reported here constitute a valuable marker trait of the teratogenic effect of the alcohol on fetal development and provide additional diagnostic signs for the fetal alcohol syndrome.
COLCHICINE‐BINDING ACTIVITY IN PARTICULATE FRACTIONS OF MOUSE BRAIN

— Both particulate and soluble fractions of brain homogenates bound [3H]colchicine. Approximately one-half of the total colchicine-binding activity in mouse brain was found in the particulate fraction. Of the particulate fractions, the microsomal and nerveending subfractions which sediment at the 1·0–1·2 m interface on sucrose gradients were richest in colchicine-binding activity. Intact microtubules were not found in these fractions, but colchicine-binding activity of these fractions may be related to the presence of microtubular protein.
Metastatic breast carcinoma mimicking primary thyroid neoplasm in young women.

Abstract Objective To highlight awareness of the potential for breast carcinoma to manifest as a thyroid lesion. Methods We present two case reports of young women with thyroid nodules and discuss diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies. Results In two women, 32 and 38 years old, neither of whom had a history of carcinoma, thyroid nodules were suspected clinically of being primary thyroid neoplasms. In each case, histopathologic evaluation disclosed that the tumors appeared “foreign” to the thyroid and resembled infiltrating duct carcinomas of the breast. In some histologically confusing cases, immunostaining for thyroglobulin and calcitonin may prove diagnostically helpful. The usual treatment for lesions metastatic to the thyroid is surgical resection. Conclusion Metastatic breast carcinomas may manifest as primary thyroid lesions, especially in women younger than age 40 years. (Endocr Pract. 1999;5:343-346)
Juvenile hormone esterases of Lepidoptera. II: Isoelectric points and binding affinities of hemolymph juvenile hormone esterase and binding protein activities

The juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) and juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) activities from the last larval instar of 14 species of Lepidoptera (Pieris rapae, Colias eurytheme, Danaus plexippus, Junonia coenia, Hemileuca nevadensis, Pectinophora gossypiella, Spodoptera exigua, Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis virescens, Orygia vetusta, Ephestia elutella, Galleria mellonella, Manduca sexta andEstigmene acrea) were analyzed by analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF). While the multiplicity and isoelectric point of these proteins varied, all of them were mildly acidic (pI 4.0–7.0), and a large number of the species possessed only a single JHE and/or JHBP activity. The Michaelis constants (Km's) of the whole hemolymph JHE activities from selected species for JH III were in the range of 10−7M. The equilibrium dissociation constantKd of the JHBP was determined by Scatchard analysis for selected species as well, with the majority of species having aKd near 10−7M. This information is consistent with JHE acting as a scavenger for JH at various times during development and relying entirely on mass action to remove JH from its protective JHBP complexes. The JHBP should limit nonspecific binding and thus facilitate the rapid transport of the intact hormone through-out the hemocoel. These data indicate that the species currently used in the study of the developmental biology of the Lepidoptera are biochemically similar to a variety of other species in this order.
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Penn Resiliency Program’s Effect on Depressive Symptoms

The purpose of this review was to evaluate whether the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP), a group cognitive-behavioral intervention, is effective in targeting depressive symptoms in youths. We identified 17 controlled evaluations of PRP (N = 2,498) in which depressive symptoms had been measured via an online search of PsycInfo, Medline, ERIC, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and by requesting data from PRP researchers. We combined effect sizes (ESs; Glass's d), using random effects models at postintervention and two follow-up assessments (6-8 and 12 months postintervention). PRP participants reported fewer depressive symptoms at postintervention and both follow-up assessments compared with youths receiving no intervention, with ESs ranging from 0.11 to 0.21. Subgroup analyses showed that PRP's effects were significant at 1 or more follow-up assessments among studies with both targeted and universal approaches, when group leaders were research team members and community providers, among participants with both low and elevated baseline symptoms, and among boys and girls. Limited data showed no evidence that PRP is superior to active control conditions. Preliminary analyses suggested that PRP's effects on depressive disorders may be smaller than those reported in a larger meta-analysis of depression prevention programs for older adolescents and adults. We found evidence that PRP significantly reduces depressive symptoms through at least 1-year postintervention. Future PRP research should examine whether PRP's effects on depressive symptoms lead to clinically meaningful benefits for its participants, whether the program is cost-effective, whether CB skills mediate program effects, and whether PRP is effective when delivered under real-world conditions.
Optimization of an implantable coated wire glucose sensor

Abstract An effective glucose sensor should have a short response time and show a strong linear relationship with concentration changes. This paper describes the methods used in an optimization experiment designed to minimize the response time and maximize the coated wire glucose sensor output (voltage or current for glucose concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 mg%). The sensor used for the experiments was a coated wire type. The object was to find the optimum membrane composition performance in relation to different glucose solution concentrations. Four experimental designs were used to analyse the effects of Aliquat: decanol (vol%), glucose salt concentration, and polymer: solvent ratio on the response time and voltage or current differences. Regression models for response time and output were used to establish the optimum experimental conditions. These models were calculated using the statistical analysis system (SAS) general linear model (GLM) procedure. Both polarographic and potentiometric models were used to determine the sensitivity of the sensor. The coated wire sensor developed during the present study had a response time of about one minute, a marked improvement over earlier designs. In addition, it yielded reproducibile voltage or current differences with changes in glucose concentration.
Geomagnetic secular variation and secular acceleration in the Red Sea area

Summary. Estimates of the secular variation in the Red Sea over the period 1959 to 1972 have been obtained from an analysis of marine magnetic data. A total of 318 crossings of ships' tracks were used to determine the mean secular variation for the intervals 1959–72, 1959–65 and 1965–72. The mean secular variation 1959–72 shows a marked northward increase from approximately -10 nT/yr at 13°N to +27 nT/yr at 24°N. North of this, the data suggest a small decrease to + 25 nT/yr at 27° N. These values are consistent with the secular variation recorded at the nearby geomagnetic observatory at Helwan, Egypt, but less than those predicted by the 1965 IGRF for the same period. Comparison of the mean secular variations for 1959–65 and 1965–72 yields a rough estimate of the secular acceleration of - 1.5 nT yr−2. Analysis of the cross-over information, corrected for the latitude dependence of the secular variation, shows a regular decrease in the secular change over the period 1959–72 at all latitudes of about -1 nTyr−2. This secular acceleration makes a substantial contribution to the overall secular change in the Red Sea and as such must be included in the correction of magnetic data covering more than a few years.
Laboratory and diagnostic testing in child and adolescent psychiatry: a review of the past 10 years

ABSTRACT Objective To review in a critical fashion the literature of the past decade covering diagnostic and laboratory testing in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry. Method A computerized search of articles published during the past decade was made, and selected articles are presented. Because of the paucity of articles specifically relating to minors, selected articles from adult psychiatry are cited. Results With a few notable exceptions, few controlled studies on the specificity and sensitivity of any laboratory test for any specific disorder of behavior presenting in children have been conducted in children and adolescents. A high index of suspicion will remain the clinician's best ally in utilizing laboratory measures in the assessment of psychopathology. Nonetheless, studies have appeared that will guide the clinician as to what tests are not clinically useful. Conclusions Indications and the lack of indications for specific laboratory studies are an integral part of the knowledge base that child psychiatrists must have. Much more empirical data will need to be collected prospec- tively to inform the field and to move the judicious use of the laboratory from an art to a science.
Increasing age and treatment modality are predictors for subsequent diagnosis of bladder cancer following prostate cancer diagnosis

Purpose To determine the effect of prostate cancer therapy (surgery or external beam irradiation, or both or none) on the actuarial incidence of subsequent bladder cancer. Methods and Materials The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry from 1973 to 2005 was analyzed. Treatment was stratified as radiotherapy, surgery, both surgery and adjuvant radiation, and neither modality. Brachytherapy was excluded. Results In all, 555,337 prostate carcinoma patients were identified; 124,141 patients were irradiated; 235,341 patients were treated surgically; 32,744 patients had both surgery and radiation; and 163,111 patients received neither modality. Bladder cancers were diagnosed in: 1,836 (1.48%) men who were irradiated (mean age, 69.4 years), 2,753 (1.09%) men who were treated surgically (mean age, 66.9 years); 683 (2.09%) men who received both modalities (mean age, 67.4 years), and 1,603 (0.98%) men who were treated with neither modality (mean age, 71.8 years). In each treatment cohort, Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that increasing age (by decade) was a significant predictor of developing bladder cancer ( p p Conclusions Following prostate cancer, increasing age and irradiation were highly significant predictors of being diagnosed with bladder cancer. While use of radiation increased the risk of bladder cancer compared to surgery alone or no treatment, the overall incidence of subsequent bladder cancer remained low. Routine bladder cancer surveillance is not warranted.
Small intestinal submucosa aneurysm sac embolization for endoleak prevention after abdominal aortic aneurysm endografting: a pilot study in sheep.

PURPOSE To percutaneously create an improved abdominal aortic aneurysm model of endoleak after endograft placement and to explore efficacy of small intestinal submucosal embolization of the residual aneurysmal sac for prevention of endoleaks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Abdominal aortic aneurysm was created transluminally by over-dilation of a Palmaz stent in 12 sheep. Approximately 20% undersized endografts suspended between two stent-graft adapters were used to bridge the aneurysm in a manner that two lumbar pairs remained patent within the residual aneurysm sac. Size of the residual aneurysm sac was increased by placement of an undersized stent-graft consisting of damaged lyophilized small intestinal submucosal sheets sandwiched between two Zilver stents. In six sheep, residual aneurysm sacs were embolized by combining small intestinal submucosal sponge and small intestinal submucosal sheet pieces. The other six sheep served as the control group. Angiography performed immediately after the procedure was compared with follow-up angiography before the animals were killed at 1, 3, and 7 months. Gross and histologic examinations were also obtained. RESULTS Aortic ruptures ( n = 3) and dissections ( n = 2) during aneurysm creation responded well to endograft placement. Eleven endografts were placed successfully, one was misplaced. The mean diameter of aneurysmal sac was 16 mm in the study and 15.2 mm in the control group. In the study group, in four sheep, the sac and seven pairs of lumbar arteries were occluded by embolization and remained obstructed by organized thrombus during the entire study. There were no type II endoleaks. Four type III new endoleaks developed without antegrade filling of lumbar arteries. In the control group, five animals had type I and II endoleaks at the initial studies. Only one sheep exhibited completely organized thrombosis of the aneurysmal sac and without endoleaks. In the other four sheep with partially organized sac thrombosis, endoleaks were unchanged. One type III endoleak occurred in this group. CONCLUSION The combination of small intestinal submucosal sponge and small intestinal submucosal sheet pieces is a promising embolic material for occlusion of the residual sac after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and for prevention of type II endoleaks.
Supplement Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in the Aging Population

As the elderly population grows, so does the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the use of medications. Because of the side effects and cost of prescribed medicine, many aging individuals are seeking out alternative treatment options. Complementary and alternative medicine is gaining popularity, with about a third of people older than 60 years currently using one or more of these therapies. Many individuals are using herbs and nutritional supplements to prevent and treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases and their symptoms. Herbs and nutritional supplements are considered food by the Food and Drug Administration and are exempt from mandatory testing for their safety or efficacy. Also, many individuals consider these products as natural and do not recognize the negative impact that these alternative treatments may have on the efficacy of prescribed medications and overall health. To date, research has reported conflicting evidence as to the beneficial effects of these products; health care provider...
Day one of the objects-first first course: what to do

What should you do on the first day of your objects-first CS1 course? If you have been struggling with beginning an objects first course this special session will give you hints about how to avoid overload and make a smooth and effective start. The presenters are skilled at introducing objects to novices in interesting ways that captures the interest of the students and readies them for programming. These are gentle approaches that present deep ideas to the inexperienced. How can a course be built around objects without information overload? This session will address the opening gambit in this interesting game.
Compliance and Efficacy of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Risk Factor Modification in the Medically Indigent

To compare the compliance and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation in medically indigent patients with more affluent patients, we evaluated the first 65 patients referred to a new cardiac rehabilitation program of whom 36 were medically indigent (i.e., dependent on Medicaid for health care reimbursement) and 29 were funded by private medical insurance. Attendance during 12 weeks of monitored, supervised, phase II cardiac rehabilitation was examined retrospectively. In addition, training history, cardiovascular response to submaximal exercise, dietary fat intake, and smoking incidence were studied at baseline and repeated prospectively between 6 months and 1 year (8.2 +/- 1.1 months) after program completion. Both the indigent and private patients attended >90% of scheduled sessions and achieved a significant improvement in submaximal work capacity which was well maintained at the time of follow-up. Also, both groups continued to eat a diet low in saturated and total fat. The indigent patients smoked more before the program but were equally successful at quitting cigarette smoking as the private patients. We conclude that in the appropriate setting, indigent patients can successfully complete and maintain excellent compliance with a program of coronary risk factor modification including exercise training, dietary modification, and cessation of cigarette smoking, to a degree equivalent to more affluent and educated patients. Compliance may be enhanced by employing a small program emphasizing extensive personal contact with rehabilitation staff.
Bottom axial diagnostic package on Z

A bottom axial diagnostic package has recently been developed and fielded on the 100 ns, 20 MA pinch-driver Z. The bottom package was developed to measure the power radiated to the bottom of Z and compare it to the power radiated to the top of Z on dynamic hohlraum pinch loads. When an up/down power asymmetry was measured, the bottom package was expanded in an effort to determine the source of the asymmetry. The bottom package contains one port directly on axis, six ports at 3.4° to the axis, and four ports at 9° to the axis. Typical diagnostics fielded on the bottom package are a time-resolved pinhole camera, time-integrated spatially resolved convex crystal spectrometers, a time-resolved crystal spectrometer, x-ray diodes, bolometers, and photoconducting detectors. We will present some typical data from these bottom diagnostics on dynamic hohlraum shots on Z and briefly discuss their relevance to the up/down power asymmetry.
In Vivo Bioimaging of RPE cell death

We have now demonstrated the ability to non-invasively image RPE cell death in a targeted fashion with a custom engineered NIRF dye conjugated to an irreversibly binding pan-caspase substrate. The bio-probe detection was sensitive and specific for degenerating RPE and overlying outer retinal layers in a mouse model with geographic atrophy (GA)-like features. No significant ocular toxicity was noted, and eyes maintained a clear visual axis with undetectable anterior or posterior segment inflammation. While the potential role of caspase inhibition in the treatment of GA remains uncertain and will be addressed in future studies, an ideal translation of this knowledge would be to utilize caspase imaging as a means for the early detection, prognosis, and indication for therapeutic intervention in GA.
Pax6 is implicated in murine pituitary endocrine function

Pax6, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, is expressed in the murine and zebrafish embryonic pituitary, but its role in pituitary development and endocrine function has not been described. To study the role of Pax6 in vivo, we examined Pax6 mutant mouse (Sey Neu ) pituitaries. Mice homozygous for the Sey Neu mutation die at birth; therefore, we examined peptide hormone expression by the differentiated pituitary cell types as well as developmental marker expression in the intermediate and anterior lobes of the embryonic pituitary. GH- and PRL-immunopositive cells appear severely decreased in an outbred ICR background at embryonic d 17.5, although mRNA expression of these peptide hormones is present, as is expression of other pituitary markers. This suggests that pituitary cell types are able to differentiate in mutant embryos. To identify the cellular or physiologic mechanism responsible for less GH-and PRL-immunoreactivity in Pax6 mutant mice, we tested serum levels of GH and PRL. Pax6 homozygous mutant mice have GH serum levels one fifth that of controls at embryonic d 17.5, and one-third that of controls at postnatal d 0. PRL serum levels, which are very low during embryonic and neonatal stages, were below assay detection limits in both the wild-type and mutant groups. Taken together, these data suggest that Pax6 is not essential for pituitary differentiation, but rather functions to establish appropriate neonatal homeostatic levels of GH and PRL, possibly through regulation of translational or secretory mechanisms.
Entrepreneurship as a leap of faith

Entrepreneurial start-ups require a “leap of faith”. Since a person’s faith represents a belief in something for which there is limited information and considerable uncertainty, this suggests that the entrepreneur’s faith orientation may influence the start-up process for some entrepreneurs. Due to the paucity of research in this area and the need to better understand the start-up process, this study utilized an inductive, longitudinal research design. Specifically, we studied the new venture creation process for four entrepreneurs operating throughout the USA over a five-year period from 2005 to 2009. As a result of this study, new theoretical insights are generated on entrepreneurial motivations, creativity, expectations, and emotions for those entrepreneurs who seek to integrate their faith journey with a new entrepreneurial start-up.
Unified Approach to Simulation on Deforming Elements with Application to Phase Change Problems

Abstract Several different approaches to simulation on deforming finite elements are shown to generate the same weighted residuals formulation for the evolution of the dependent variables. Control of node motion by means of mesh stretching in two dimensions is illustrated in the context of phase change problems. Simulation of problems with large phase boundary excursions shows good agreement with analytic solutions.
Hexane-solubilised reaction centre proteolipid complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

Reaction centres from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, strain R-26, have been solubilised in hexane by the use of phospholipids and cations. Two procedures have been developed: (I) a two-step technique involving the formation of detergent-free proteoliposomes from detergent solubilised reaction centres and phospholipids and mixing these with hexane in the presence of cations; (II) directly sonicating detergent-solubilised reaction centres with phosopholipids before mixing with hexane and cations. The yield of the extracted complex varied with the ratios of protein, phospholipid and cations, species of phospholipid, and sonication time. The spectral characteristics of the complex in the organic phase were similar to those of detergent-solubilised reaction centres. The stability of the reaction centres appeared to be dependent on the presence of phospholipid and water in the hexane. The usefulness of the hexane solution as a model membrane system is discussed and its possible future applications are considered.
Inferior vena cava replacement: the role of antiplatelet therapy.

To evaluate the effect of ibuprofen on early thrombus formation following inferior vena cava (IVC) replacement, a 4-cm segment of IVC was replaced with a 5-cm (10-mm-i.d.) segment of reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft in 12 dogs. Autologous platelets and canine fibrinogen were labeled with 111In and 125I, respectively, and injected into each animal 24 hr prior to vena cava replacement. Six dogs served as controls and six were treated with 12.5 mg/kg ibuprofen intravenously 1 hr preoperatively. All dogs were heparinized with 100 U/kg intravenous heparin prior to crossclamping the IVC: heparin was not reversed at the end of the procedure. Three hours after normal circulation was restored, the grafts were removed and counts of radioactivity made. All grafts were patent. The mean platelet count for the control group was 12.8 X 10(6)/mm2, while in the grafts from the treated group it was 0.960 X 10(6)/mm2. The decreased platelet deposition was significant in all graft segments (P less than 0.01). Fibrin deposition was reduced from 3.38 micrograms/mm2 to 0.25 micrograms/mm2 (P less than 0.01) by ibuprofen. Although fibrin and red blood cells are the major constituents of venous thrombi, platelet aggregation appears to play an important role if prosthetic material is implanted into the venous system. Ibuprofen not only reduced platelet deposition by 13.5-fold, but also reduced fibrin deposition by 13.5-fold. The ratio of platelets to fibrin in control and treated animals was similar (3.84 and 3.79, respectively). These data suggest that antiplatelet medication combined with heparin therapy might decrease early thrombus formation in venous prostheses.
A Method for Predicting Collagen Fiber Alignment in the Glenohumeral Capsule During Clinically Relevant Deformations

Injury to the anteroinferior (anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL) and axillary pouch) glenohumeral capsule is a common result of anterior dislocation [1]. Validated finite element models of the capsule can be used to address research questions regarding diagnostic and repair techniques targeted to this region of the capsule. However, these models require adequate constitutive models to describe capsule behavior. Structural models have improved predictions of capsule behavior compared to phenomenological models [2] but current experimental techniques used to measure fiber distributions in biologic soft tissues require that the sample be planar and cannot be performed on three-dimensional structures. Although recent work has demonstrated that the fiber kinematics in the capsule do not precisely follow the global tissue deformation [3], the affine assumption is presently the best approximation to provide initial insight into changes in collagen fiber alignment under moderate deformations. The collagen fibers in localized areas of planar samples from the anteroinferior capsule align with the direction of loading [4,5]; however, their behavior may be quite different during the complex loading conditions experienced by the intact capsule. Therefore, the objective of this work was to computationally project planar fiber distribution information to the three-dimensional glenohumeral capsule and use the affine assumption to quantify the change in fiber alignment of the anteroinferior glenohumeral capsule from an inflated reference state to three clinically relevant joint positions.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Water maze performance and changes in serum corticosterone levels in zinc-deprived and pair-fed rats

The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the learning and short- and long-term memory of zinc-deprived (ZD) and pair-fed (PF) rats in a Morris water maze (MWM) and (2) to monitor the serum corticosterone levels of these rats before and after swimming. Young Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 27-31 days) consumed AIN-93G diet for 10 days, and then were separated into ad libitum control (CT), PF and ZD groups. The zinc content of the diet was 25-30 ppm (CT and PF) or <1 ppm (ZD). After 17 days on experimental diets, a MWM was used to test spatial cognition. Delayed-matching-to-place (DMP) test results indicate that both zinc deprivation and food restriction had no effect on short-term memory. The PF rats exhibited significantly impaired learning and thigmotaxia (i.e., wall hugging) in the learning test. The PF group also demonstrated less preference for the target zone in the first 15 s of the probing test. When the total 120 s of the probing test was considered, there were no differences in preference for the target zone, but thigmotaxia was greater in the PF than the CT group. The only behavioral change of the ZD group was thigmotaxia observed during the 120-s probing test following training, indicating the increment of anxiety. Morning basal corticosterone levels before swim training were significantly elevated in the PF group on Day 15 of dietary treatment, whereas a significant elevation of the basal corticosterone level in the ZD group was not statistically significant until Day 22. The data indicate an association between impaired learning, poor searching strategy and elevated corticosterone in the PF group. In contrast, the ZD rats showed normal cognitive performance but had elevated corticosterone and increased anxiety-like behavior (thigmotaxia).
Stability of an oxygen atmosphere on ganymede

Photolysis of water and subsequent escape of hydrogen can give rise to an oxygen atmosphere on Ganymede. Growth of the atmosphere may be limited by escape of fast oxygen atoms formed by photodissociation of O_2. Escape of oxygen and hydrogen in an equilibrium configuration should balance net evaporation of water from the satellite's surface and the partial pressure of atmospheric O_2 could be as high as 10^(−3) mbar. Ganymede should have lost an appreciable quantity of water over geologic time, enough to have coated the surface of the satellite with ice to a depth of about 2 m. An oxygen atmosphere with similar properties might be expected to occur also on Callisto.
Production and Characterization of Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Air Plasma

800nm, 50-fs pulsed Ti:Sapphire produced air plasma, using a 40kHz ultrasonic transducer as plasma detector. SHG crystal enables THz production via FWM. Defined upper limit of THz power produced, and detected THz via electro-optic method.
Measuring the Value of Program Adaptation: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of the Standard and a Culturally Adapted Version of the Arthritis Self-Help Program

Arthritis remains an important public health problem. This study aims to determine the effects of an adapted (vs. the original) Arthritis Self-Help Program (ASHP) among older adults. Specifically, this study sought to determine (1) whether the adapted ASHP improved attendance, retention, and adherence with the use of self-management exercises, and (2) if the original ASHP’s beneficial outcomes were maintained following program adaptation. Individuals age ≥60 with self-reported arthritis were recruited from eight New York City senior centers. Participants were assessed at baseline to assess their demographic and clinical status and at 6 and 24 weeks to ascertain study outcomes using validated measures. Two-hundred-one participants (64 non-Hispanic African Americans, 86 Hispanics, and 51 non-Hispanic Whites) enrolled. Participants in the adapted (vs. original) ASHP had better average attendance in the six session program (4.7 vs. 3.2 classes attended, p < 0.01) and program retention (93% vs. 74%, p < 0.01). Adherence with use of the self-management exercises (number of days using endurance, stretching, and relaxation exercises) was similar in both groups. Significant positive physical/psychosocial outcomes were documented in both the adapted and original program. The adapted ASHP improved program attendance and retention while maintaining improvements in physical and psychosocial functions. These results support future efforts to employ controlled designs to quantify the benefits of adapted evidence-based programs to ensure that adaptation maintains program effectiveness.
Regional isolation-perfusion: an experimental percutaneous approach tested and compared with arterial occlusion-infusion

A percutaneous approach was developed for the performance of regional isolation-perfusion, a surgical chemotherapeutic procedure for the intraarterial treatment of neoplasms. This technique was compared with percutaneous transcatheter arterial occlusion-infusion concerning local and systemic drug levels. Floxuridine (FUDR) was administered into a femoral artery of adult mongrel dogs, first by arterial occlusion-infusion, and 4 weeks later by regional isolation-perfusion of the opposite hind limb. Local and systemic plasma samples and local muscle specimens were collected for determination of FUDR levels. Results indicated not only that regional isolation-perfusion could be accomplished percutaneously, using balloon catheters, but also that the technique produced significantly greater local tissue FUDR levels (P < 0.05) than those achieved with arterial occlusion-infusion.
The gagging problem in prosthodontic treatment. Part II: Patient management

The most serious problem associated with the patient with an overactive gag reflex is the strong potential for compromised treatment. A complete oral examination, medical history, and conversation with the patient are important sources of information that assist with the management of gagging problems. Many techniques are available for controlling the exaggerated gag reflex, and no single technique will solve each patient's problem. The technique or techniques used should be dictated by the cause or causes involved. If organic disturbances, anatomic anomalies, or biomechanical inadequacies of existing prostheses are not key causes, the services of trained specialists are needed to help with behavioral management of the problem.
Normal and abnormal nasolabial morphogenesis in the rat.

Nasolabial morphogenesis in Long-Evans rats was studied both antenatally and postnatally. Microscopically, the facial processes corresponded to areas where mesenchyme had condensed to form growth centers. Teratogens such as methyl salicylate, trypan blue, and 9-methyl PGA when administered to pregnant rats principally caused underdevelopment of the maxillary processes and failure of mergence of the nasomedial processes in the young so that a variety of clefts resulted. In addition, some experimental embryos showed shallow grooving of the maxillary process, which corresponded with the location of maxillary cleft, and abnormality occasionally seen at a later stage in man and other animals.
Demons and divine illumination: A consideration of eight prayers by Gregory of Nazianzus

This article considers eight prayers by Gregory of Nazianzus ( Patrologia Graeca 37.1397-1406) that are singular in their anti-demonic tone and apotropaic formulae. Reading these texts in light of Gregory's Orations 20, 27, and 38-40 elucidates the Cappadocian's connection between baptism and the acquisition of divine knowledge; thus, we can acquire a rare view into the practical aspects of Gregory's endeavors with theoria in his post-baptismal life. Finally, these prayers bring into sharp relief the consequential materiality of the devil and demons in Gregory of Nazianzus' epistemology, theology, and asceticism. In so doing, this essay seeks to turn attention to the vibrant demonologies cultivated and constructed by elite, educated Christians in the late antique cities of the Greek East.
Hedgehog-regulated ubiquitination controls smoothened trafficking and cell surface expression in Drosophila

Hedgehog transduces signal by promoting cell surface expression of the seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) in Drosophila, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that Smo is downregulated by ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis and degradation, and that Hh increases Smo cell surface expression by inhibiting its ubiquitination. We find that Smo is ubiquitinated at multiple Lysine residues including those in its autoinhibitory domain (SAID), leading to endocytosis and degradation of Smo by both lysosome- and proteasome-dependent mechanisms. Hh inhibits Smo ubiquitination via PKA/CK1-mediated phosphorylation of SAID, leading to Smo cell surface accumulation. Inactivation of the ubiquitin activating enzyme Uba1 or perturbation of multiple components of the endocytic machinery leads to Smo accumulation and Hh pathway activation. In addition, we find that the non-visual β-arrestin Kurtz (Krz) interacts with Smo and acts in parallel with ubiquitination to downregulate Smo. Finally, we show that Smo ubiquitination is counteracted by the deubiquitinating enzyme UBPY/USP8. Gain and loss of UBPY lead to reciprocal changes in Smo cell surface expression. Taken together, our results suggest that ubiquitination plays a key role in the downregulation of Smo to keep Hh pathway activity off in the absence of the ligand, and that Hh-induced phosphorylation promotes Smo cell surface accumulation by inhibiting its ubiquitination, which contributes to Hh pathway activation.
Chips in 3D

This is a review of Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit Design: EDA, Design and Microarchitectures (by Yuan Xie, Jason Cong, and Sachin Sapatnekar, eds.).
On the vinyl group photooxygenation of bilirubin-like model compounds

The photooxygenation of z-3-vinyl-4-methyl-5-(phenylmethylidene)-3-pyrrolin-2-one (1) and z-5′-oxo-4′-viny1–4-ethyl-3′,3,5-trimethyl-1′,5′-dihydro(2,2′)dipyrromethene (2) reveals no reaction at the vinyl groups; hence, none is expected at the vinyl groups of bilirubin IXα, and none has been found.
Spaced retrieval treatment of anomia

Background: Spaced Retrieval (SR) is a treatment approach developed to facilitate recall of information by individuals with dementia. Essentially an errorless learning procedure that can be used to facilitate recall of a variety of information, SR gradually increases the interval between correct recall of target items. Aims: Given the success of using SR in dementia, the purpose of this study was to explore its usefulness in improving naming by individuals with aphasia. The rate of acquisition and retention of items was compared between SR and a more traditional treatment technique—cueing hierarchy (CH). Also, each oral naming treatment was run concurrently with a single word writing treatment. Methods & Procedures: Three participants who had moderate or severe naming impairments and agraphia were studied. Single-subject design was applied across oral and written naming and treated and untreated items. Outcomes & Results: The results indicate that for these participants, SR resulted in improved naming of ...
Graphical Rendering of Localized Lumps for MIS Applications

Minimally invasive sugery (MIS) has increasingly been used in different surgical routines despite having significant shortcomings such as a lack of tactile feedback. Restoring this missing tactile information, particularly the information gained through tissue palpation, would be a significant enhancement to MIS capabilities. Tissue palpation is particularly important and commonly used in locating embedded lumps. The present study is inspired by this major limitation of the MIS procedure and is aimed at developing a system to reconstruct the lost palpation capability of surgeons in an effective way. By collecting necessary information on the size and location of hidden features using MIS graspers equipped with tactile sensors, the information can be processed and graphically rendered to the surgeon. Therefore, using the proposed system, surgeons can identify the presence or absence, location, and approximate size of hidden lumps simply by grasping the target organ with a smart endoscopic grasper. The results of the conducted experiments on the prototyped MIS graspers represented by graphical images are compared with those of the finite element models.
Anger, Stress Proliferation, and Depressed Mood Among Parents of Children with ASD: A Longitudinal Replication

Stress proliferation (the tendency for stressors to create additional stressors) has been suggested as an important contributor to depression among caregivers. The present study utilized longitudinal data from 90 parents of children with ASD to replicate and extend a prior cross-sectional study on stress proliferation by Benson (J Autism Develop Disord 36:685-695, 2006). Consistent with Benson's earlier findings, regression analyses indicated that stress proliferation mediated the effect of child symptom severity on parent depression. Parent anger was also found to mediate the effect of symptom severity on stress proliferation as well as the effect of stress proliferation on parent depression. Finally, informal social support was found to be related to decreased parent depressed mood over time. Implications of study findings are discussed.
Temperature and magnetic field dependence of ultrasonic antiferromagnetic resonance in RbMnF3 near TN

Abstract The effects of external magnetic fields and of temperature on the ultrasonic antiferromagnetic resonance were studied experimentally near the Neel temperature of RbMnF 3 . The results are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the two and four-sublattice models for some of the modes studied, whereas for others discrepancies are found between theory and experiment. A zero field splitting of the resonance is observed.