cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Die Werbewirkung von Schemainkongruenz und interner Inkongruenz im Fall des Einmalkontakts

In diesem Beitrag werden die Theorie, der Stand der bisherigen Forschung und eine neue Studie zur Wirkung von inkongruenter Werbung vorgestellt. Den Ausgangspunkt dieser Analyse bildet die oft in der Werbewirkungsliteratur vertretene These, Werbung musse einerseits kreativ und einzigartig sein. In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wird diese Thematik unter dem Begriff Schemainkongruenz behandelt. Eine zweite These lautet, Werbung musse andererseits in sich schlussig und widerspruchsfrei sein. Diesen Aspekt bezeichnen wir als interne Kongruenz. Zunachst leiten wir Hypothesen ab, warum und wie schema- und intern inkongruente Werbung die Zielpersonen von Werbung in ihrer Einstellung zu dem Werbeobjekt beeinflusst. Sodann prasentieren wir den Stand der Forschung zu diesem Thema. Dabei interessiert uns nicht allein, ob diese Hypothesen bereits als belegt angesehen werden konnen oder Widerspruche existieren, sondern wie gegebenenfalls ein „optimales Ausmas an Inkongruenz“ beschrieben werden konnte, was fur die Praxisrelevanz dieser Thematik wichtig ist. Erst in neuerer Forschung von Lee, Lee/Mason und Ang/ Low konnten diesbezuglich Anhaltspunkte gefunden werden. In einer neuen Studie uberprufen wir, ob Werbemittel eine „optimale Inkongruenz“ besitzen.
Coblation for metastatic vertebral disease

PURPOSE Plasma-mediated radiofrequency ablation (coblation) creates a cavity for directed polymethylmethacrylate deposition through molecular dissociation, providing a safe and efficacious cementoplasty for patients with high-risk, painful vertebral body metastatic disease. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review and report details regarding the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of coblation and cementoplasty for treating painful advanced vertebral body metastatic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with painful metastatic vertebral body fractures with a posterior cortical defect and/or epidural tumor extension underwent percutaneous coblation and cementoplasty. Each patient's medical record was reviewed for technical success, imaging outcome, complications, and palliative effect. RESULTS Of the 15 cases, 14 were completed successfully. Postprocedure imaging studies demonstrated adequate cement deposition within the targeted vertebral body without cement extravasation or fracture progression during the 1-3 months follow-up period. Pain relief was achieved in all patients, and no neurological damage was reported (mean follow-up, 141.1 ± 132.5 days). CONCLUSION Percutaneous image-guided coblation-mediated cavity creation prior to vertebroplasty allows for safe, efficacious cement deposition in patients with metastatic foci. Future studies prospectively comparing this procedure with other standard-of-care regimens are warranted.
Insights into Soviet Life Provided by Soviet Movies: Political Actors and Their Ideologies in the 1970s and 1980s

Because Soviet movies reflect the ideological processes and psychological atmosphere dominant during specific periods, an analysis of these movies can provide a broad understanding of major developments in the objective and subjective dimensions of Soviet life during those periods. Soviet films of the 1970s and 1980s reflect the deeply rooted malaise and moral decay of the Soviet people. In addition, they present a portrait of the Soviet bureaucracy, and they help to illustrate the nature of the country’s resistance to the dominant regime, offering a vivid portrait of the Soviet people’s alienation from the state, public life, and official political activity.
Benthic taxa as potential indicators of a deep-sea oil spill

Abstract The effect of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on benthic macrofauna in the deep-sea Gulf of Mexico was measured in September–October 2010. Macrofauna community diversity and abundance were lowest closest to the wellhead and increased with distance from the wellhead up to 10 km. The macrofauna loss was primarily in surface sediments, which could be due to the deposition of oil and other toxic chemicals. Crustacean taxa appeared to be sensitive to the deep-sea blowout. Polychaete taxa varied in their sensitivity, but Dorvilleidae which is often associated with organic enrichment, was responsible for the largest amount of dissimilarity between stations close and far from the wellhead. Several other taxa were classified as sensitive or tolerant to the deep-sea blowout by comparing their distributions among impacted and non-impacted zones. The macrobenthic communities in the deep Gulf of Mexico exhibit a toxic response to the blowout on the Deepwater Horizon well, and this is correlated with barium and petroleum hydrocarbons.
Production of L-Tryptophan by Sulfonamideresistant Mutants

Sulfaguanidine-resistant mutant S-225, derived from a tryptophan-producing 5-fluorotryptophan-resistant mutant of Brevibacterium flavum, accumulated 19 g/liter of L-tryptophan at maximumwhencultured for 72hr in a mediumcontaining 13%glucose as carbon source, 1.8-fold higher than did the parent. Strain S-225 accumulated 17 g/liter of L-tryptophan in a medium containing 10% sucrose as carbon source (17% yield based on the sugar). It also accumulated 450mg/liter of chorismate, an intermediate commonto the biosyntheses of tryptophan and p-aminobenzoate. The accumulation was 1.7-fold higher than that by the parent, suggesting that the intracellular concentration of chorismate was increased through acquisition of the sulfaguanidine resistance. Sulfaguanidine-resistant mutants were also derived from a tryptophanproducing mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum. The mutants showed 2.2-fold higher maximumtryptophan production than did the parent.
Narcissism, self-esteem, and the phenomenology of autobiographical memories.

ABSTRACTAcross two studies, we investigated the influence of narcissism and self-esteem along with gender on phenomenological ratings across the four subscales of the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (AMQ; impact, recollection, rehearsal, and belief). Memory cues varied in valence (positive vs. negative) and agency (agentic vs. communal). In Study 2, we used different memory cues reflecting these four Valence by Agency conditions and additionally investigated retrieval times for the autobiographical memories (AMs). Results were consistent with the agency model of narcissism [Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2006). Narcissism, interpersonal self-regulation, and romantic relationships: An agency model approach. In E. J. Finkel & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. New York, NY: Guilford], which characterises narcissists as being more concerned with agentic (self-focused) rather than communal (other-focused) positive self-rele...
Institutionalizing sustainability: A structural equation model of sustainable procurement in US public agencies

Abstract The rapidly growing interest in sustainable operations in practice has been mirrored by an equivalent expanding attention within the academic community. Yet, as encouraging and significant as the recent growth in the area has been – there is still much that needs to be done. For instance, there is surprisingly little empirical research on public sector management and on factors that might lead an organization to become more likely to adopt sustainable practices. The scope of this research therefore is to explore the conditions under which a given organization is more likely to engage and prioritize sustainable procurement practices and to determine the extent to which the leadership style of the organization's top leader can explain the degree to which sustainability is promoted within a specific organization. Data collected with the help of a self-administered survey from a random sample of US public agencies is analyzed using structural equation modeling. Among others, the results of the empirical analysis confirm that the leadership style of an organization's top executive is positively associated with the probability that an agency will engage in sustainable procurement practices. This research is among the first to attempt to provide an actionable model of adoption of sustainable procurement at an organizational level. It contributes to the diffusion of research on sustainability by studying sustainable procurement practices adoption and by developing a model that draws simultaneously on systems theory, stakeholder theory, transformational leadership theory and institutional theory.
Cervical Myelopathy Due to Exostosis of the Posterior Arch of the Atlas

Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is also called diaphyseal aclasis, multiple echondromatosis, Ehrenfried disease, hereditary deforming chondrodysplasia, and osteogenic disease. First described by Boyer in 1814, this condition has higher tendency to invade the spine and lead to myelopathy more than solitary osteochondromas, which occur mostly in the appendicular skeleton than the axial one (Mikawa et al. 1997; Palmer and Blum 1980; Schmale et al. 1994).
Review of mechanical system design via decentralized control techniques

This paper briefly review the application of decentralized control techniques to the design of passive mechanical systems and the integrated design of active-passive mechanical systems in the past two decades. A design example: Six-DOF TMD for six-DOF isolation is presented to illustrate the design of passive systems using decentralized control techniques achieving optimal H 2 performance. After several turns of adjustments online around the designed parameters, a well-tuned system was obtained, in which all the six modes are damped well by a single absorber.
Harsh brakes at potholes in Nairobi: Context-based driver behavior in developing cities

Driving in developing cities presents numerous challenges. Traffic congestion and traffic accidents are the most visible challenges which are caused by different underlying factors. Two chief factors are poorly planned and maintained roadway infrastructure and the decisions made by the drivers. Drivers are constantly forced to negotiate road hazards, like potholes, unlabeled speed bumps as well as moving obstacles, like pushcarts, motorcycles, and animals. Current Usage Based Insurance (UBI) models do not include the context which in many cities may be paramount to understanding driver behavior. This article presents the Context-based Driver Score (CDS) model as a unified model for scoring a driver based on a unique formulation of context that includes road quality. We demonstrate the CDS model on a real-world use case in Nairobi, Kenya, where waste-collection trucks were instrumented with smartphones in order to collect inertial and telematic data. We present an analysis of the CDS model and driver behaviors in contexts that include weather, time-of-day, and road quality. Our results show that the distribution of driving behaviors, like harsh braking and swerving, vary greatly based on the context and the definition of the CDS model. Ultimately, this work aims to extend the utility and scalability of UBI models in order to make them more suitable for deployment in developing cities.
Advanced venous imaging and image-guided venous interventions.

Venous disease, particularly venous thromboembolism, is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Over 200,000 first lifetime cases of venous thromboembolism occur every year in the United States. If the disease remains undetected, long-term morbidity can be significant. Up to 40% of patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) develop post-thrombotic syndrome within 2 years, with markedly increased risk for those who suffer from recurrent episodes of DVT. Furthermore, approximately 5% of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) secondary to venous thrombotic disease develop chronic pulmonary hypertension with decreased cardiopulmonary capacity.
Probabilistic considerations for growth and detection of cracks from rivet holes in a lap joint

In this paper, probabilistic considerations are introduced in a model for fatigue life prediction for a riveted lap joint using Paris’ law. Initial crack sizes are distributed according to a truncated lognormal distribution, which is chosen to avoid known complications due to Paris’ law. The stress intensity factor for a single rivet hole is calculated, and is generalized to a lap joint. The probability of the existence of a crack in two domains of interest are evaluated, and the effect of a single inspection, modeled using the Probability of Detection, is studied. Additionally, the probability of detection concept is extended by linking it to applied stress and number of elapsed cycles using Bayes’ theorem and ramifications are explored.
Outcome of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Abstract Background: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is being widely used as an adjunct to conventional chemoradiotherapy for many hematologic and solid malignancies and some non-malignant hematologic conditions. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage (DAH) is seen in 1 to 19% of HSCT recipients who undergo bronchoscopy. Though, the reported mortality of DAH is 70–100%, the outcomes are changing with advances in preconditioning, stem cell transplantation and intensive care. Objectives: To study the outcomes of DAH and factors associated with adverse outcomes in HSCT recipients at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy after HSCT between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004 for a presumptive diagnosis of DAH. Outcome measures were recorded and analyzed over the six months following bronchoscopy. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate prognostic value of various clinical factors. Results: Bronchoscopy with BAL was performed in 223 patients for a clinical suspicion of DAH. Blood was seen on bronchoscopy in 87 (39%) patients. All patients received high dose steroids and other supportive care. Fifty-three (61%) met the standard criteria for diagnosis of DAH while 34 had an organism isolated on BAL. Of these 53 patients, 66% were alive at 30 days, and 45% at 6 months. Overall, 42% were alive at the end of follow-up period. Respiratory failure was recorded as the cause of death in 52%. Outcomes were significantly worse in the 34 patients with an organism in BAL. Significant associations existed between poorer overall survival and isolation of an organism in BAL (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.87), renal dysfunction (HR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.60, 3.46), and neutropenia (HR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.91, 4.01). Conclusion: The survival of patients with DAH at our center is better then that reported in literature. Isolation of an organism in BAL, renal dysfunction, and neutropenia are associated with increased risk of death among patients undergoing bronchoscopy after HSCT.
Our love on fire: Gay men’s stories of violence and hope in Haiti

Our Love on Fire: Gay Men’s Stories of Violence and Hope in Haiti is a performance script devised from an oral history project to offer insights into populations where machismo and homophobia are cultivated as regulatory and repressive mechanisms instead of sodomy laws. The script recounts events that took place on the evening of August 10, 2013, during which an engagement ceremony between a Haitian man and a gay British Red Cross officer attracted the wrath of their Port-au-Prince neighborhood residents. Those outside the compound where the engagement ceremony took place rioted, torched the upscale residence of ex-patriates, lit cars on fire, and terrorized guests. Despite or because of the fiery clash, queer islanders celebrated their love more creatively and fervently afterwards. Set against the background of mass anti-homosexuality marches nationwide, the ring exchange ceremony looms large in queer Haitians’ memory as an act of activism that retaliates against the general population’s incessant physic...
Opto-aerodynamic focusing of aerosol particles

ABSTRACTWe describe a new method for focusing and concentrating a stream of moving micron-sized aerosol particles in air. The focusing and concentrating process is carried out by the combined drag force and optical force that is generated by a double-layer co-axial nozzle and a focused doughnut-shaped hollow laser beam, respectively. This method should supply a new tool for aerosol science and related research.Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Sleep, Marriage and Social Engagement Among Older Adults

We empirically examine how marriage and marital quality are related to sleep characteristics as measured by actigraphy and self-report in a nationally–representative probability sample of community-dwelling older adults, the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP). We find that married individuals experience better quality sleep compared to the unmarried. The associations are stronger for actigraphy sleep characteristics than for survey responses about sleep. Among the married, better relationship quality was associated with better sleep quality. Using data from the subset of married respondents from whom we have actigraphy data for both members of the couple, we find significant within-couple correlations for bedtimes, waking times and sleep duration estimated from actigraphy, but not for actigraphy measures of sleep quality (fragmentation and WASO). Further, we find that wives’ mental health, but not physical health, influences their husbands’ sleep. However, husbands’ mental and physical health had no influence on their wives’ sleep. These results point to a potential role for sleep in well-established disparities in health by marital status among older adults.
Estimation of Array Tilt Using Snapping Shrimp Noise

Snapping shrimp is the dominant source of high-frequency (> 2 kHz) ambient noise in temperate and tropical coastal waters. Since it is abundant, impulsive, and strong, snapping shrimp noise can be useful for passive remote sensing. During a recent experiment conducted in about 100-m deep shallow water, a large number of snapping shrimp sounds were recorded by a large-aperture vertical array (56 m) that was bottom-moored. Localization of the snapping shrimp in range and depth is based on spherical-wave beamforming. Assuming a vertical array without tilt, the localized snaps are confined to a range-depth region bounded by two straight lines with opposite slopes. It is found that the absolute slope corresponds to the array tilt, suggesting that snapping shrimp can serve as a natural source to estimate the vertical array tilt.
Using word embeddings to expand terminology of dietary supplements on clinical notes

Objective The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of applying word embeddings to expand the terminology of dietary supplements (DS) using over 26 million clinical notes. Methods Word embedding models (ie, word2vec and GloVe) trained on clinical notes were used to predefine a list of top 40 semantically related terms for each of 14 commonly used DS. Each list was further evaluated by experts to generate semantically similar terms. We investigated the effect of corpus size and other settings (ie, vector size and window size) as well as the 2 word embedding models on performance for DS term expansion. We compared the number of clinical notes (and patients they represent) that were retrieved using the word embedding expanded terms to both the baseline terms and external DS sources exandped terms. Results Using the word embedding models trained on clinical notes, we could identify 1-12 semantically similar terms for each DS. Using the word embedding exandped terms, we were able to retrieve averagely 8.39% more clinical notes and 11.68% more patients for each DS compared with 2 sets of terms. The increasing corpus size results in more misspellings, but not more semantic variants brand names. Word2vec model is also found more capable of detecting semantically similar terms than GloVe. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the utility of word embeddings on clinical notes for terminology expansion on 14 DS. We propose that this method can be potentially applied to create a DS vocabulary for downstream applications, such as information extraction.
Analysis and Design of a High Step-Up Transformerless DC-DC Converter with an Integrated L 2 C 3 D 2 Network

In this paper, a new non-isolated dc-dc converter with wide voltage gain range is proposed. The proposed converter has a high step-up gain, wide input voltage, low voltage stress on the semiconductor, continuous input current, and a common ground between its input and output ports. This converter can be used as an interface between fuel cells or renewable energy systems and the dc-link of the inverter that supplies the ac loads. Complete analysis of the proposed converter in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), and components selection are discussed in this paper. Additionally, the proposed converter is compared with a number of step-up converters. A 1.6 kW 400V experimental setup was built to verify the theoretical analysis.
Adequacy of Daily Fluid Intake Volume Can Be Identified From Urinary Frequency and Perceived Thirst in Healthy Adults.

Objective: Achieving and maintaining an optimal level of hydration has significant implications for both acute and chronic health, yet many hydration assessments are not feasible for the general pu...
Intracellular Trafficking of Factor V Subsequent to Its Endocytosis by Megakaryocytes.

Abstract Recent studies by our laboratory have identified physical and functional differences between plasma- and platelet-derived factor V. Additional studies indicate that the platelet-derived molecule originates from megakaryocyte endocytosis of the plasma-derived cofactor via a receptor-mediated, clathrin-dependent mechanism, and is subsequently packaged and stored in platelet α-granules. We hypothesize that plasma-derived factor V is modified intracellularly following its endocytosis by megakarycytes to generate the unique platelet-derived cofactor molecule. Thus, the time-dependent, intracellular trafficking of fluorescently-labeled factor V by the megakaryocyte-like cell line, CMK, was determined by confocal microscopy using various organelle-specific, fluorescent markers. Previously, we had demonstrated that subsequent to its endocytosis factor V partially co-localizes with two other proteins known to be endocytosed by megakaryocytes, fibrinogen, an α -granule protein, and transferrin, an iron transport protein. In the current study, we demonstrated that subsequent to their endocytosis, factor V and transferrin partially co-localized to early endosomes as determined using an antibody directed against Rab5. Complete co-localization of anti-Rab5 with an antibody against early endosomal antigen-1 (EEA-1) confirmed the specificity of the anti-Rab5 antibody for early endosomes. Endocytosed factor V was also shown to partially co-localize with von Willebrand factor, an α -granule protein that is synthesized by megakaryocytes. Its synthesis by megakaryocytes was confirmed by partial co-localization of this antibody with anti-Golgi antibodies against GM130, a structural element of the Golgi apparatus, and p230 trans, a protein involved in vesicular transport from the trans-Golgi network. Factor V also partially co-localized with these Golgi markers, consistent with the hypothesis that factor V is modified intracellularly subsequent to its endocytosis. Co-localization studies were also performed using LysoSensor Blue, which partitions into acidic organelles with a pH ~5.1 exhibiting an increase in fluorescence intensity upon acidification. Neither factor V nor transferrin co-localized with LysoSensor Blue confirming that they are not trafficked to lysosomes subsequent to their endocytosis. In conclusion, these combined observations suggest that subsequent to its endocytosis by megakaryocytes factor V is trafficked through early endosomes and ultimately stored in the α -granule with vWF and fibrinogen. Further, these data suggest that prior to its packaging into α -granules factor V may undergo retrograde transport through and O-linked glycosylation in the trans-Golgi network, which is consistent with our previous observations that purified, platelet-derived factor V contains an N-acetyl glucosamine or galactosamine at Thr402 that is not observed in its plasma counterpart.
Discontinuous to continuous therapy for persistent diabetic macular edema leads to reduction in treatment frequency.

Objective:To evaluate, in the setting of persistent diabetic macular edema, the impact that continuous fluocinolone acetonide delivery has on treatment burden, visual acuity, central retinal thickn...
Patterning nickel for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask application I. Atomic layer etch processing

The stringent requirement for patterning highly absorbing metal thin films as a mask for the next-generation extreme ultra-violet lithography system dictates the development of an atomic layer etching process to tailor the etch rate and the etch profile. A “plasma-thermal” atomic layer etching process is developed where an oxygen plasma is used to convert the metallic Ni layer into NiO, followed by formic acid vapor reacting with NiO to form nickel formate [Ni(COOH)2], thereby removing nickel. The directionality of the oxygen ions is used to create a directional chemical conversion of Ni into NiO, resulting in an anisotropic etch profile. Using the SiO2 patterned Ni thin film, a high etching selectivity to the mask (virtually no etching of SiO2) and a high etching anisotropy (a sidewall angle up to 87°) are achieved.
An Illustrated Taxonomy of Online CAPT Resources

Computer-assisted pronunciation teaching (CAPT) for second-language learners has made great strides in recent years. While once small in number and confined to desktop computers, a great variety of...
Transfer hydroarylation of ketones using directing-group-free, unstrained alcohols

In this issue of Chem, Morandi and coworkers report an exciting reversible transfer hydroarylation between ketones and unstrained arylated alcohols. Through a Rh-catalyzed β-aryl elimination process, the aryl moiety “shuttles” from the alcohol to the ketone substrate, which provides a milder alternative to conventional Grignard and organolithium addition chemistry.
Crowded, Chaotic, Contested: The New Geopolitical Order and Marketplace of Ideas

William Burns, President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, explores the Future of Think Tanks and Policy Advice in the United States.
A guide for innovation in LGBQ+ youth peer relationships research

Abstract LGBQ+ youth (youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or with diverse identities other than straight or heterosexual) contend with unique stressors in the context of their peer relationships. They also access critical support from peers. These circumstances likely influence how LGBQ+ youth navigate and experience their relationships. Nevertheless, research remains limited in its breadth and depth of coverage of LGBQ+ youth's peer relationships. We suggest ways to advance such research within the following areas: (a) identity development in the peer context; (b) identity disclosure and “coming out” to peers; (c) initiating, developing, and maintaining friendships under marginalizing conditions; (d) homophily or diversity in LGBQ+ youth's friendships; (e) visualizing LGBQ+ youth's positions in their peer networks; (f) bias-based harassment, hypervigilance, and rejection sensitivity; and (g) peer action and advocacy. This work could yield richer understandings of how LGBQ+ youth cultivate meaningful, lasting peer relationships and thrive.
Investment in Skills, Managerial Quality, and Economic Development

I document that for a group of 38 countries ranging from low to high income: (1) the share of skilled managers is higher in richer countries, (2) the relative income of managers to non-managers is lower in richer countries, and (3) the relative income of skilled to unskilled individuals is lower in richer countries. In addition, the share of managers is lower in richer countries while the mean plant size is larger in richer countries. I explore these facts through the lens of a general equilibrium model of investment in skills and occupational choice. Countries differ in productivity level in production and the level of size-dependent distortions. I find that exogenous productivity differences alone can produce the above facts qualitatively, but size-dependent distortions are needed to account for these facts quantitatively and the output elasticity of productivity is 2.6.
Ethics Education: Using Storytelling to Teach Ethics to Novice Oncology Nurses.

Background Oncology nurses face unique challenges in the care of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Culture, values, and preferences play important roles in patient decision-making regarding goals of care and treatment. Objectives This article describes the content and outcome of an educational seminar for nurse residents, which uses storytelling to highlight the relationship between dynamic cultural influences and ethical decision-making. Methods A 75-minute didactic seminar using storytelling, role-playing, and simulation was incorporated into a nurse residency program. Stories illustrate the role of oncology nurses in protecting and advocating for vulnerable patients, respecting and accommodating cultural differences, and increasing self-awareness of personal values that may influence decisions. Tests were administered to participants before, immediately after, and three months after the seminar to measure changes in knowledge. Findings Over one year, 107 novice oncology nurses, in five cohorts, attended the seminar. Results demonstrated an overall increase and sustainment of knowledge regarding ethical decision-making in nurse residents and illustrated the effectiveness of storytelling as a method to promote ethical decision-making among staff.
Future directions for low cycle fatigue

The thesis is maintained that the next 30 years will witness a proliferation of publications in the area of fatigue, following as a continuum of today's high productivity rate. The driving forces for such high production are discussed, and a "wish list" is provided suggesting priority areas requiring development. Some current projects at Case Western Reserve University are outlined.
SSC Dipole Magnet Statistical Process Control and Automated Data Collection During Production

Process control will be key to successful production of collider dipole magnets. Statistical process control and automated data collection provide the tools to measure process capabilities, and assure the prevention of product defects. The General Dynamics approach to the implementation of statistical process control and automated data collection during the fabrication of the SSC dipole magnets is described.
TEM in situ lithiation of tin nanoneedles for battery applications

Materials such as tin (Sn) and silicon that alloy with lithium (Li) have attracted renewed interest as anode materials in Li-ion batteries. Although their superior capacity to graphite and other intercalation materials has been known for decades, their mechanical instability due to extreme volume changes during cycling has traditionally limited their commercial viability. This limitation is changing as processes emerge that produce nanostructured electrodes. The nanostructures can accommodate the repeated expansion and contraction as Li is inserted and removed without failing mechanically. Recently, one such nano-manufacturing process, which is capable of depositing coatings of Sn “nanoneedles” at low temperature with no template and at industrial scales, has been described. The present work is concerned with observations of the lithiation and delithiation behavior of these Sn nanoneedles during in situ experiments in the transmission electron microscope, along with a brief review of how in situ TEM experiments have been used to study the lithiation of Li-alloying materials. Individual needles are successfully lithiated and delithiated in solid-state half-cells against a Li-metal counter-electrode. The microstructural evolution of the needles is discussed, including the transformation of one needle from single-crystal Sn to polycrystalline Sn–Li and back to single-crystal Sn.
CBT and the future of personalized treatment: a proposal

Over the past several decades, the diagnosis of mental disorders has been characterized by classifying psychopathology into as many discrete diagnoses as can be reliability identified (e.g., APA, 2013). There is increasing evidence, however, that this approach to diagnosis may come at the expense of validity as trivial symptom-level differences are emphasized with little regard for common core mechanisms. Traditionally, cognitive-behavioral (CBT) approaches to treating psychopathology have followed a diagnosis-specific approach such that unique protocols have been developed for most disorders. Recent advances in CBT have suggested that targeting transdiagnostic mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of a wider range of psychopathology may be a more efficient approach to treatment than addressing disorder symptoms themselves. In order to create a more personalized treatment package, we propose establishing a profile for each patient that quantifies dysfunction in terms of empirically-supported underlying mechanisms; we further suggest that data from this profile be used to select CBT modules specific to the core mechanisms maintaining an individual patient's symptoms.
E-commerce, ethical commerce?

In this paper, we look at the new frontier of e-commerce, the ethical challenges it is facing and discuss some of the problems encountered and some of the solutions that are evolving. The areas of concern include the impact on other businesses, investors and consumers. Problems regarding financial reporting, intellectual property and privacy are discussed.
Temporally sensitive neural networks

The problem of recognizing rhythmic patterns characterized by a periodically repeating sequence of events is addressed. An approach to representing temporal information in neural networks and an application that makes use of this representation are described. The Tempnet rhythm system is a particular instantiation of these ideas. It is used to demonstrate the use of temporal representation in the processing of temporal signals. Decaying node activations are used to represent the timing of specific temporal events. This approach was demonstrated in a system for categorizing periodically repeating patterns, independent of time scale. The network simulator is described, along with the results of some sample training and performance runs. >
Anaphylaxis Preparedness among Preschool Staff before and after an Educational Intervention

Introduction. Children with severe food allergies may spend many hours in the preschool setting. Little is known about anaphylaxis recognition and management preparedness among preschool staff. The objective of this study was to assess anaphylaxis preparedness among preschool staff. Methods. Anonymous questionnaires were administered before and after a 40-minute educational seminar on anaphylaxis recognition and management. Results. In total, 181 individuals participated in the preintervention survey and 171 participated in the postintervention survey. The comfort level with recognizing anaphylaxis and administering an epinephrine autoinjector significantly increased after the intervention (P < .001 for both). Of the 5 steps needed to administer an epinephrine autoinjector, staff named a mean (SD) of 3 (1.3) steps in the correct order compared with 4.2 (1.1) steps after the educational intervention (P < .001). Conclusion. This study shows that a brief education intervention can significantly increase caregiver comfort regarding identifying anaphylaxis and administering an epinephrine autoinjector.
The False Charms of Social Security Privatization

The privatization of social security has been sold as a free lunch. It is not. As this member of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Bill Clinton points out, a little reality is necess...
7 UTILIZATION OF CELL PROFILING TO EVALUATE BOVINE SPERMATOZOA IN NORMAL AND SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY

We developed a method to evaluate bovine sperm membranes in normal (1G) and simulated microgravity (Sim-μG). Bovine spermatozoa are used as a model system because they have cellular membranes analogous to those of other cell types, and yet are much simpler because they have no cytoplasm and do not participate in DNA transcription or mRNA translation. They can be cultured as single cells and are easily evaluated for membrane characteristics using flow cytometry. These features make the mammalian spermatozoon a useful model for exploring the principles of membrane structure/function in the presence of a variety of environmental challenges such as simulated microgravity. Cryopreserved, washed beef bull sperm (4–8 × 106 mL−1)were incubated under non-capacitating conditions (modified glucose-free Tyrode’s medium containing low bicarbonate, HEPES buffer, pyruvate and 3 mg mL−1 BSA V; 23°C in air), and these spermatozoa remained alive for 24–48 h at 1G. To simulate μG, spermatozoa were incubated under the same conditions, in a HARV 10 rotating wall vessel (RWV, Synthecon, Inc, Houston, TX, USA) at 9 rpms. Spermatozoa were incubated in 1G and Sim-μG environments for 2.5–4.5 h and subsequently exposed to 0, 60 or 80 μg mL−1 LC for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 min. Three fluorochrome combinations were used as probes at each [LC]/time point: (1) propidium Iodide (dead status) + SYBR 14 (live status); (2) PI + FITC-PSA (acrosome reactions [ARs]); (3) PI + MitoTracker Deep Red (mitochondrial activity). Approximately 1 million spermatozoa from 3 bulls were evaluated over 4 days. Data were acquired on a FACSVantage SE flow cytometer, and initially analyzed (quality control) using the bundled FACSVantage SE software package (Cell Quest, BD BioSciences, San Jose, CA, USA). This provided graphics of simple cell relations (fluorescence v. LC exposure time). For further statistical analysis, and incorporation of non-parametric statistical tools (including pattern recognition using Support Vector Machines), the data were processed using a collection of Perl scripts and C programs. Results: Live/dead status: When Sim-μG + 60 μg mL−1 LC sperm were compared to 1G + 60 μg mL−1LC, and 80 μg mL−1 LC sperm, their profiles were more similar to the 1G 80 μg mL−1 LC profiles. AR status: the Sim-μG + 60 μg mL−1 LC profiles were similar to the 1G + 60 μg mL−1 LC profiles. Mitochondrial Status: the Sim-μG + 60 μg mL−1LC profiles were more similar to 1G + 80 μg mL−1 LC profiles. Summary: although Sim-μG sperm lost their motility within 3 h, they were alive. Cell profiles indicate that Sim-μG sperm nuclear membranes are less stable and their mitochondria are less functional than the 1G controls, but their acrosomes are intact indicating that fertilizing potential may remain. Additional experiments are needed to determine the time course for Sim-μG, induced changes, and whether Sim-μG sperm can penetrate eggs. Funding: NASA (2002)-Stennis-24 and The University of New Orleans.
Evolution of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles and formation of broad plasma depletions measured by the C/NOFS satellite during deep solar minimum

[1] An unexpected feature revealed by the measurements of the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite is the presence of broad plasma depletions in the midnight–dawn sector during deep solar minimum. It has not been well understood what causes the broad plasma depletions and how equatorial plasma bubbles are related to the broad depletions. In this paper we present the C/NOFS measurements of equatorial plasma bubbles and broad depletions in a few cases. The ion density perturbations and enhanced ion vertical velocity are first identified in the topside F region at ∼2200 LT, suggesting that the plasma bubbles start to form earlier at lower altitudes. The observations show that the plasma bubbles observed in the midnight–dawn sector may originate in the evening sector. The plasma bubbles continue growing for more than 3.3 h, and the decay time of the bubbles is also longer than 3.3 h. The continuous growth of the plasma bubbles in the evening sector and the slow decay after midnight determine that most plasma bubbles become fully developed and are easily detected in the midnight–dawn sector. The plasma flow inside the bubbles remains strongly upward throughout the entire nighttime. We propose the following mechanism for the generation of wide plasma bubbles and broad depletions. A series of plasma bubbles is generated through the Rayleigh-Taylor instability process over a large longitudinal range. These plasma bubbles grow and merge to form a wide bubble (width of ∼700 km as observed), and multiple regular and/or wide bubbles can further merge to form broad plasma depletions (thousands of kilometers in longitude). The ion vertical drift inside each plasma bubble is driven by the polarization electric field and remains large after the bubbles have merged. This mechanism provides a reasonable interpretation of the large upward ion drift velocity inside the broad depletion region.
Migration Amidst Social-Ecological Regime Shift: The Search for Stability in Garífuna Villages of Northern Honduras

Environmental migration, in its different forms, is an aspiration toward stability domains amidst dynamic system change. This paper assesses critical system relationships that couple human and natural systems and change in due course of a regime shift affecting Garifuna villages in Northern Honduras. The specified resilience of these relationships influences the course that migration takes after a flooding event. In impacted villages, migration is a mechanism for demographic fragmentation, ‘downgrades’ livelihood chains, and reinforces a class divide. Villages systems that experience a shift to uninhabitable and unproductive state spaces become shallow stability domains and consequently, perpetual exporters of migrants over an extended period of time. In the end, migration itself is a cascading aspect of a regime shift that is both ecological and social, forced and chosen.
A generation X scale : Creation and validation

Douglas Coupland's book, Generation X, was used as the basis for developing a scale measuring attitudes associated with a generation of people currently in their mid-20s (i.e., Generation X). Although much anecdotal evidence has been presented about this group, published research has not addressed measures of their attitudes. The scale reported here measures both young and old people's attitudes toward older members of society, parents, jobs, and shopping. Instrument development involved three phases, and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to evaluate model fit.
S-Adenosylmethionine-dependent Protein Methylation in Mammalian Cytosol via Tyrphostin Modification by Catechol-O-methyltransferase

It has previously been shown that incubation of mammalian cell cytosolic extracts with the protein kinase inhibitor tyrphostin A25 results in enhanced transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl-[methyl-3H]methionine to proteins. These findings were interpreted as demonstrating tyrphostin stimulation of a novel type of protein carboxyl methyltransferase. We find here, however, that tyrphostin A25 addition to mouse heart cytosol incubated with S-adenosyl-[methyl-3H]methionine or S-adenosyl-[methyl-14C]methionine stimulates the labeling of small molecules in addition to proteins. Base treatment of both protein and small molecule fractions releases volatile radioactivity, suggesting labile ester-like linkages of the labeled methyl group. Production of both the base-volatile product and labeled protein occurs with tyrphostins A25, A47, and A51, but not with thirteen other tyrphostin family members. These active tyrphostins all contain a catechol moiety and are good substrates for recombinant and endogenous catechol-O-methyltransferase. Inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase activity with tyrphostin AG1288 prevents both base-volatile product formation and protein labeling from methyl-labeled S-adenosylmethionine in heart, kidney, and liver, but not in testes or brain extracts. These results suggest that the incorporation of methyl groups into protein follows a complex pathway initiated by the methylation of select tyrphostins by endogenous catechol-O-methyltransferase. We suggest that the methylated tyrphostins are further modified in the cell extract and covalently attached to cellular proteins. The presence of endogenous catechols in cells suggests that similar reactions can also occur in vivo.
Inhibition of trigeminovascular dural nociceptive afferents by Ca2+-activated K+ (MaxiK/BKCa) channel opening

Migraine is an episodic brain disorder with a significant morbidity. It is thought that activation of trigeminal afferents innervating the dura mater and large cerebral blood vessels is involved in the expression of the disorder. The selective large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, the BK(Ca) or MaxiK channels, are intrinsic membrane proteins that are widely distributed in the brain. These channels are thought to be involved in controlling neuronal excitability and perhaps transmitter release, possibly in the trigeminocervical complex. We sought to investigate the role of MaxiK/BK(Ca) channels opening in several models of trigeminovascular nociception using NS1619, a benzimidazolone analogue. Intravenously administered NS1619 (10 mg kg(-1)) was able to inhibit neurogenic dural vasodilation (F(4,20)=19.23, P<0.05, n=6). NS1619 (intravenous) was not able to inhibit Aδ-fiber (F(3.01,18.06)=0.79, P=0.52) or C-fiber (F(3.14,18.84)=0.76, P=0.54) afferents in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and C(1) region of the dorsal horn after dural electrical stimulation, but it was able to inhibit Aδ-fiber afferents after iontophoretic application of NS1619 (t(5)=3.23, P<0.05, n=6) after 5 min. Iontophoresed NS1619 was also able to inhibit l-glutamate induced firing in the trigeminocervical complex, in a dose-dependent manner (F(3,54)=3.06, P<0.05). The data taken together indicate that the MaxiK/BK(Ca) channel may represent a novel therapeutic target in migraine.
On an asymptotic analysis of polynomial approximation to halfband filters

In this paper we provide information about the asymptotic properties of polynomial filters which approximate the ideal filter. In particular, we study this problem in the special case of polynomial halfband filters. Specifically we estimate the error between a polynomial filter and an ideal filter and show that the error decays exponentially fast. For the special case of polynomial halfband filters, our n-th root asymptotic error estimates are sharp.
Echocardiographic Diagnosis of an Asymptomatic Aneurysm of a Saphenous Vein Graft

Abstract A case of a 73-year-old asymptomatic man with a large saphenous vein graft aneurysm first diagnosed 16 years after bypass operation is presented. The lesion was first suspected on routine transthoracic echocardiography and further clarified by transesophageal echocardiography. Selective graft angiography confirmed the diagnosis and surgical therapy included resection of the graft aneurysm and coronary artery bypass grafting. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:661-4.)