cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A starting point for understanding James Cone: A primer for White readers:

James Cone can be difficult for any reader, but for White Christians he can be exceedingly difficult. Often White readers have a problem understanding both his agenda and the rhetorical arguments h...
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for the treatment of relapsed/refractory pediatric, adolescent, and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma: a single institutional experience.

Pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma receive multimodal therapy, including autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AutoHCT). Despite aggressive therapy, historical outcomes for this patient population have been poor. This paper describes a single institutional experience utilizing AutoHCT in 74 patients treated from 1988–2015. Our results demonstrate significantly improved outcomes over time. Compared with patients treated in the earlier era (1988–2001), 5-year overall survival improved from 62.5 ± 9.6% to 91.8 ± 4.4% (p < 0.001) and event free survival improved from 41.7 ± 9.6% to 87.7 ± 5.3% (I < 0.001) for patients treated in a later era (2002–2015). Improvements in survival are multifactorial, including reductions in both relapse and nonrelapse mortality. Further investigation is needed to determine the role of AutoHCT in a modern treatment cohort that includes frequent use of targeted immunotherapies. In addition, as the use and availability of effective novel therapeutics increases for this patient population there may be an opportunity for the reduction of standard cytotoxic therapies, including in AutoHCT preparative regimens, thereby mitigating late effects.
Homecoming: a wireless homing device for UAVs

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are quickly becoming a viable delivery platform for physical packages with promise to transform the retail industry's supply chains. This work focuses on the last leg of such delivery: physically approaching a customer's landing zone. This has traditionally relied on a combination of GPS and computer-vision to locate and identify a landing zone. Instead of using computer vision, we propose to use ultra-wideband beacons (UWB) to assist in the landing process. The UAV's location relative to the landing zone is continuously measured based on the wireless propagation delay between the UAV and the landing zone's corners. We show that a single pair of wireless devices, one at the UAV and one at the landing zone, suffices to obtain the UAV's location. The landing zone's UWB device, connected to multiple antennas, receives multiple copies of the UAV's signals, that enables a sub-decimeter 3D-localization of the UAV. This helps the UAV's control logic governing the approach and landing process.
The Crime of Conspiracy Thrives in Decisions of the United States Supreme Court

For most of the past century, the crime of conspiracy has generated a good deal of controversy before the Supreme Court. Whether with issues concerning broadening a hearsay exception based on a purported conspiracy to conceal as part of an initial agreement or with the limits of proof as to individual membership in a conspiracy, the Justices consistently looked with care at the reach of the crime.
Increased telestroke call burden after the extended thrombectomy window trials

IntroductionClinical trials have proven the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion presenting within 24 hours of symptom onset. Extending the thrombectom...
Engaging the Diaspora in Contemporary Works by African Women Writers

The global village of the 21st century ushers a pathway for empowerment for significant numbers of African women as a focal point of migration into transnational space(s). Women are taking advantage of increased opportunities for education, self-actualization, and economic stability in foreign lands. African women writers convey the difficulties of hybridized existence in the diaspora as an important theme expressed within a growing body of works. Through examination of selected texts by African women in the past and present, this essay will interrogate the challenges of ruptured identities, paradoxical realities and the ways that female protagonists negotiate their lives in the African diaspora. This essay illuminates connecting themes of displacement and confusion in African women's writing that explores the lives of female protagonists in foreign environments of the west. Early canonical works of African immigrant fiction by women includes Buchi Emecheta's In the Ditch (1994), and Ama Ata Aidoo's My Sister Killjoy or Reflections of a Black Eyed Squint (1998). Recent works in this genre is We Need New Names (2013) by NoViolet Bulawayo and Diplomatic Pounds by Ama Ata Aidoo (2012). Similarly, Sefi Atta realistically captures diverse experiences and challenges of diaspora life for African women in her short story collection News from Home (2010) and in her latest novel, A Bit of Difference (2013). Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 's short fiction collection, The Thing Around Your Neck (2010) and the masterful work Americanah published in (2013) expand discursive engagement with hybridity as a 21st century trope of globalizing forces.
FairRover: explorative model building for fair and responsible machine learning

The potential harms and drawbacks of automated decision making has become a challenge as data science blends into our lives. In particular, fairness issues with deployed machine learning models have drawn significant attention from the research community. Despite the myriad of algorithmic fairness work in various research communities, in practice data scientists still face many roadblocks in ensuring the fairness of their machine learning models. This is primarily because there does not exist an end-to-end system that guides the users in building a fair machine learning model in a responsible way from model auditing, to model explanation, to bias mitigation. We propose a explorative model building system FairRover for responsible fair model building. FairRover guides users in (1) discovering the potential biases in the model; (2) providing explanation to the discovered biases so as to help users in understanding potential causes of the biases; and (3) mitigating the most important biases selected by the users. Because of the impossibility theorem of fairness, and the well-known trade-off between fairness and accuracy, it is generally impossible to achieve a completely fair and accurate machine learning model. Therefore, this responsible model building process is naturally performed iteratively until a satisfying trade-off is reached. Human users are involved in the loop to make various decisions guided by FairRover. We demonstrate a case study on the Adult Census dataset, which shows how FairRover guides users in iteratively building a fair income prediction model in a responsible way. We discuss the current limitations of FairRover and future work.
Collaborative Archaeology at Stewart Indian School: edited by Sarah E. Cowie, Diane L. Teeman, and Christopher C. LeBlanc, Reno, NV, University of Nevada Press, 2019, xix + 320 pp., $45.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1948908252.

Collaboration in archaeology continues to make great strides in the discipline. This book is a great example of how collaborative archaeology can contribute knowledge to academia and indigenous gro...
Kratom Use Within the Context of the Evolving Opioid Crisis and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.

Abstract Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa, Korth.) is an evergreen tree that is indigenous to Southeast Asia. When ingested, kratom leaves or decoctions from the leaves have been reported to produce complex stimulant and opioid-like effects. For generations, native populations in Southeast Asia have used kratom products to stave off fatigue, improve mood and alleviate pain and symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Despite the long history of kratom use in Asia, it is only within the past 10-20 years that kratom has emerged as an important herbal agent in the United States, where it is being used for the self-treatment of pain, opioid withdrawal symptoms and mood disorders. The increase in the use of kratom in the United States has coincided with the serious epidemic of opioid abuse and dependence. Since 2015, efforts to restrict access to prescription opioids have resulted in a marked increase in the use of “street” opioids such as heroin and illicit fentanyl. At the same time, many patients with chronic pain conditions or opioid use disorder have been denied access to appropriate medical help. The lack of access to care for patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder has been magnified by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this report, we highlight how these converging factors have led to a surge in interest in kratom as a potential harm reduction agent in the treatment of pain and opioid use disorder.
Location Matters: Profiling Diffuse Type Gastric Cancer At the Single-Cell Level

Spatial single cell transcriptomics of primary patient diffuse type gastric cancer reveals distinct cancer and stromal cell differences based on location. Expression of CCL2 by stromal cells in deep tumor regions is highlighted as potentially driving the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhancing (directly or indirectly) the invasive capacity of tumor cells.
The synchronization of business cycles in CARICOM: Is there a case for a Caribbean Monetary Union?

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the feasibility of the proposed Caribbean Monetary Union (CMU) by examining the synchronization of business cycles within CARICOM. According to the literature on optimum currencies, the synchronization of business cycles is a key requirement for the formation of a monetary union.Design/methodology/approach – In order to extract the business cycles we use the Hodrick‐Prescott (HP) filter and the band pass (BP) filter. For the purposes of measuring synchronization two concepts are used: the simple correlation coefficient and the Concordance statistic of Pagan and Harding. First, the feasibility of enlarging the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union is examined and then consideration is given to the formation of a new monetary union with Trinidad and Tobago as the center.Findings – The paper finds the degree of business cycle synchronization to be weak. This casts doubt on the feasibility of the proposed CMU.Research limitations/implications – This paper has placed emphasis on ...
Acculturative Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Immigrant Elders Residing in Non-Korean Ethnic Enclaves

This cross-sectional structured survey examined the relationships of personal factors, acculturative stress, and depressive symptoms among Korean immigrant elders (N = 108) residing in areas withou...
Fundamental Symmetries and CKM — summary of the parallel sessions

Recent progress in the tests of fundamental symmetries and the CKM structure of the violation of CP symmetry in the quark mixing sector, as presented in the relevant parallel sessions of this conference, is summarized.
Preoperative and postoperative nutritional management of the infant with cleft palate.

Abstract The purpose of this descriptive-exploratory study was to determine the nutritional management strategies used by cleft palate teams during the periods before and after surgery. Open-ended questionnaires were sent to cleft palate teams across the United States and Canada. Fifty-three percent responded, representing an equal distribution of private- and university-based facilities. Results revealed a variety of nutritional strategies used to support the baby with cleft palate. There was a reported emphasis on feeding technique and avoidance of trauma-inducing foods, which took precedence over nutritional value of the intake. Trends related to hastened postoperative resumption of diet for age, decreased hospital stay, and minimal use of oral packing were observed. The role of the maternal-child nurse and the nurse member of the cleft palate team relative to nutritional support of the baby with a clefting condition is discussed. In addition, implications for future research and practice issues are presented.
Performance Evaluation of a Cooperative Manipulation Microsurgical Assistant Robot Applied to Stapedotomy

This paper reports the development of a full-scale instrumented model of the human ear that permits quantitative evaluation of the utility of a microsurgical assistant robot in the surgical procedure of stapedotomy.
Periodic Substorms: A New Periodicity of 2-3 Hours in the Magnetosphere

Abstract. An outstanding problem in magnetospheric physics is whether substorms have some specific periodicity. We will present observations of substorms during magnetic storms. In two storm cases, the Geotail satellite was located in the near tail between XGSM = −20 and −30 RE and detected periodic southward turnings of the magnetospheric magnetic field; these southward turnings represent periodic magnetic reconnection in the tail. Geosynchronous satellites measured sawtooth-like injections of energetic charged particle fluxes. The periodic reconnection in the near tail is well correlated with the sawtooth injections at geosynchronous orbit. These measurements indicate the occurrence of periodic substorms. A prominent feature of these storm-time substorms is the well-defined periodicity of 2-3 hours. The periodic substorms can continue for 6-10 cycles over an interval of up to 24 hours under stable and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. Each substorm onset does not have to be triggered by an IMF northward turning or by a solar wind pressure impulse. The periodic substorms can also occur when the IMF Bz component is small and fluctuating between southward and northward, and the period is nearly the same as that during strongly and continuously southward IMF. The observations show that the period of substorms is controlled neither directly by variations in the solar wind nor indirectly by the energy transferred to the magnetosphere from the solar wind. We suggest that substorms have an intrinsic period of 2-3 hours. This period is an eigenmode of the magnetosphere during magnetic storms; each cycle of the magnetospheric oscillations may result in the generation of a substorm onset.
Language in Schizophrenia Part 1: An Introduction

This is the first of two articles that discuss higher-order language and semantic processing in schizophrenia. This article reviews clinical characterizations of language output and the phenomenon of positive thought disorder, as well as more principled characterizations of language output in schizophrenia. It also gives an overview of evidence for the predominant theory of language dysfunction in schizophrenia: that it arises from abnormalities in (a) semantic memory and/or (b) working memory and executive function. The companion article (Part 2) focuses on the study of language in schizophrenia using online psycholinguistic methods and considers how the study of schizophrenia may inform our understanding of normal language processing.
Involvement of HIV-I Nucleocapsid Protein in the Recruitment of Reverse Transcriptase into Nucleoprotein Complexes Formedin Vitro

Abstract Retroviral reverse transcription takes place within the virion core, where nucleocapsid (NC) protein (NCp) molecules cover the dimeric RNA genome. NCp thus has structural roles in the virion core but is also extensively involved in viral DNA synthesis and virion assembly. To further characterize the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 NCp7 during replication of the viral genome, we investigated the relationship between NCp7 and reverse transcriptase (RT) either directly or within nucleoprotein complexesin vitro. We show that NCp7 interacts directly with RT and enhances synthesis of full-length cDNA by increasing RT processivity. Using NCp7 mutants, we show that the complete amino acid sequence of NCp7 is required for functional interactions with RT. Our results suggest that NCp7 plays a role in recruitment of RT into stable and functional nucleoprotein complexes during viral DNA synthesis.
New Responsibilities of Faith‐Related Agencies

Nonprofit agencies with a religious base may be strongly affected by recent public policy changes; they tend to deliver services in areas where federal resources are further declining and are eligible for the special government purchase of service contracts that now may be provided to religious entities. Religious agencies also are now widely expected to deliver uniquely beneficial services and to mobilize social capital to compensate for increasing restrictions of some governmental programs. The current article reports on a qualitative, longitudinal, interview-based investigation of program changes and their relation to policy changes in a two-city sample of what are called “faith-related” agencies. In so doing, it investigates the implications of relying on religious agencies for service delivery. Making use of an extensive framework concerning how agencies are organized, the work finds that faith-related agencies mildly contribute to increased variety of service delivery styles in the examined cities, but that they rarely expand services significantly to meet increased need or otherwise provide dramatically unique service content in response to recent public policy changes. The patterns in part reflect trade-offs between fully emphasizing the unique aspects of religion and entering the public arena, and they thus question the likely role of religion in reforming social service systems.
Large-scale refractive turbulent interfaces and aero-optical interactions in high Reynolds number compressible separated shear layers

Refractive turbulent interfaces and their role in large-scale aero-optical interactions are examined in high Reynolds number compressible separated shear layers. A new variable pressure turbulent flow facility has been developed which enables experiments for direct imaging of refractive turbulent fields in purely gaseous flows. In the present experiments, the freestream fluid consists of air molecularly premixed with acetone vapor and the ambient gas is air. Direct imaging of the refractive index field is conducted using laser-induced fluorescence and digital photography techniques. A pulsed ultraviolet laser sheet is utilized to excite the acetone vapor resulting in fluorescence in the visible spectrum which is recorded with a high-resolution digital camera system. High-resolution two-dimensional spatial images of the refractive index field are recorded at a Reynolds number of Re ∼ 6 × 106, based on the visual thickness, with a convective Mach number of Mc ∼ 0.4 and a test section pressure of p ∼ 3 atm. ...
Quantum-engineered mid-infrared type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors for high temperature operations

Over the last several years, owing to the implementation of advanced device architectures, antimony-based type-II superlattice (T2-SL) infrared (IR) photodetectors and their focal plane arrays (FPAs) have achieved significant advancements. Here we present our recent effort towards the development of high operating temperature (HOT) mid-IR (MWIR) photodetectors, which utilizes an interband cascade scheme with discrete InAs/GaSb SL absorbers, sandwiched between electron and hole barriers. This low-noise device architecture has enabled background-limited operation above 150 K (300 K, 2π field-of-view), as well as above room temperature response in the mid-IR region. The detector yields a dark current density of 1.10×10 -7 A/cm 2 (1.44×10 -3 A/cm 2 ) at -5 mV, and a Johnson-limited D * of 2.22×10 11 cmHz 1/2 /W (1.58×10 9 cmHz 1/2 /W) at 150 K (room temperature) and 3.6 μm, respectively. In this presentation, we will discuss the operation principles of the interband cascade design and our most recent progress in MWIR photodetectors toward high operating temperatures.
Characterization of purinergic P2X4 receptor channels expressed in anterior pituitary cells

Anterior pituitary cells express cation-conducting P2X receptor channels (P2XRs), but their molecular identity, electrophysiological properties, cell-specific expression pattern, and physiological roles have been only partially characterized. In this study, we show by quantitative RT-PCR that mRNA transcripts for the P2X4 subunit are the most abundant in rat anterior pituitary tissue and confirm the P2X4R protein expression by Western blot analysis. Single-cell patch-clamp recordings show that extracellular ATP induced an inward depolarizing current in a majority of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-responsive pituitary cells, which resembled the current profile generated by recombinant P2X4R. The channels were activated and desensitized in a dose-dependent manner and deactivated rapidly. Activation of these channels led to stimulation of electrical activity and promotion of voltage-gated and voltage-insensitive Ca2+ influx. In the presence of ivermectin, a specific allosteric modulator of P2X4Rs, there was an approximately fourfold increase in the maximum amplitude of the ATP-induced inward current, accompanied by an increase in the sensitivity of receptors for ATP, slowed deactivation of receptors, and enhanced ATP-induced prolactin release. These results indicate that thyrotropin-releasing hormone-responsive cells, including lactotrophs, express homomeric and/or heteromeric P2X4Rs, which facilitate Ca2+ influx and hormone secretion.
Historical deposition of mercury and selected trace elements to high-elevation National Parks in the Western U.S. inferred from lake-sediment cores

Abstract Atmospheric deposition of Hg and selected trace elements was reconstructed over the past 150 years using sediment cores collected from nine remote, high-elevation lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado and Glacier National Park in Montana. Cores were age dated by 210 Pb, and sedimentation rates were determined using the constant rate of supply model. Hg concentrations in most of the cores began to increase around 1900, reaching a peak sometime after 1980. Other trace elements, particularly Pb and Cd, showed similar post-industrial increases in lake sediments, confirming that anthropogenic contaminants are reaching remote areas of the Rocky Mountains via atmospheric transport and deposition. Preindustrial (pre-1875) Hg fluxes in the sediment ranged from 5.7 to 42 μg m −2 yr −1 and modern (post-1985) fluxes ranged from 17.7 to 141 μg m −2 yr −1 . The average ratio of modern to preindustrial fluxes was 3.2, which is similar to remote lakes elsewhere in North America. Estimates of net atmospheric deposition based on the cores were 3.1 μg m −2 yr −1 for preindustrial and 11.7 μg m −2 yr −1 for modern times. Current-day measurements of wet deposition range from 5.0 to 8.6 μg m −2 yr −1 , which are lower than the modern sediment-based estimate of 11.7 μg m −2 yr −1 , perhaps owing to inputs of dry-deposited Hg to the lakes.
Epidemiology theory and disturbance spread on landscapes

Epidemiology models, modified to include landscape pattern, are used to examine the relative importance of landscape geometry and disturbance dynamics in determining the spatial extent of a disturbance, such as a fire. The models indicate that, except for very small values for the probability of spread, a disturbance tends to propagate to all susceptible sites that can be reached. Therefore, spatial pattern, rather than disturbance dynamic, will ordinarily determine the total extent of a single disturbance event. The models also indicate that a single disturbance will seldom become endemic,i.e., always present on the landscape. However, increasing disturbance frequency can lead to a landscape in which the proportion of susceptible, disturbed, and recovering sites are relatively constant.
CD4-deficient T helper cells are capable of supporting somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation of germinal center B cells

Collaborative interactions between B lymphocytes and CD4+ helper T cells are necessary for the induction of Ab responses to most protein Ag and for the generation of memory B cells in germinal centers. To study the role of the CD4 molecule in the germinal center response and in the development of B cell memory, we have investigated T helper function in the initiation and maturation of humoral immunity in CD4-deficient mice. In the absence of CD4+ T cells, immunization with thymus-dependent Ag was able to induce germinal center formation and Ig somatic hypermutation. In addition, Ag-driven affinity maturation and development of B cell memory were largely intact in CD4-deficient mice. Thus, CD4-deficient T helper cells are able to collaborate with Ag-activated B cells to elicit the germinal center reaction, switch on the mutational machinery, and deliver signals necessary for B cell memory development.
Confidence Regions for Random-Effects Calibration Curves With Heteroscedastic Errors

We construct confidence bounds for a random-effects calibration curve model. An example application is analysis of analytical chemistry data in which the calibration curve contains measurements y for several values of known concentration x in each of q laboratories. Laboratory is considered a random effect in this design, and the intercept and slope of the calibration curve are allowed to have laboratory-specific values. Here we (a) develop an appropriate interlaboratory calibration curve for heteroscedastic data of the type commonly observed in analytical chemistry; (b) compute a point estimate for an unknown true concentration X when corresponding measured concentrations Y1,Y2,…, Yq′ are provided from q′ laboratories (i.e., a subset of the original q laboratories used to calibrate the model, where 1 ≤ q′ ≤ q); (c) compute the asymptotic mean and variance of the estimate; and (d) construct a confidence region for X. We then illustrate the methods are using both simulated and typical interlaboratory calib...
Postnatal Time Course of Arterial Mechanics in a Mouse Model of Pathological Remodeling due to Decreased Elastin Amounts

Properly developed large elastic arteries serve as reservoirs that store stroke volume during systole and damp downstream blood pressure fluctuations. This function is enabled by the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein elastin. Mouse gene expression data reveals that elastin expression begins during embryonic development and peaks around postnatal day (P) 14. Expression then decreases to low levels for the remainder of adult life, indicating that elastin production during development is critical for a properly functioning vessel [1]. Reduced elastin in humans due to genetic mutations is associated with a congenital narrowing of the ascending aorta, known as supravalvular aortic stenosis, and chronic hypertension [2].Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Perturbations in simian virus 40 DNA synthesis by ultraviolet light.

Abstract Perturbations of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication by ultraviolet (UV) light during the lytic cycle in permissive monkey CV-1 cells resemble those seen in host cell DNA replication. Formation of Form I DNA molecules (i.e., completion of SV40 DNA synthesis) was more sensitive to UV irradiation than synthesis of replicative intermediates or Form II molecules, consistent with inhibition of DNA chain elongation. The observed amounts of [3H]thymidine incorporated in UV-irradiated molecules could be predicted on the assumption that pyrimidine dimers are responsible for blocking nascent DNA strand growth. The relative proportion of labeled Form I molecules in UV-irradiated cultures rapidly increased to near-control values with incubation after 20 or 40 J/m2 of light (0.9–1.0 or 1.8–2.0 dimers per SV40 genome, respectively). This rapid increase and the failure of Form II molecules to accumulate suggest that SV40 growing forks can rapidly bypass many dimers. Form II molecules formed after UV irradiation were not converted to linear (Form III) molecules by the dimer-specific T4 endonuclease V, suggesting either that there are no gaps opposite dimers in these molecules or that T4 endonuclease V cannot use Form II molecules as substrates.
Generalized bi-circular projections

Abstract Recall that a projection P on a complex Banach space X is a generalized bi-circular projection if P + λ ( I − P ) is a (surjective) isometry for some λ such that | λ | = 1 and λ ≠ 1 . It is easy to see that every hermitian projection is generalized bi-circular. A generalized bi-circular projection is said to be nontrivial if it is not hermitian. Botelho and Jamison showed that a projection P on C ( [ 0 , 1 ] ) is a nontrivial generalized bi-circular projection if and only if P − ( I − P ) is a surjective isometry. In this article, we prove that if P is a projection such that P + λ ( I − P ) is a (surjective) isometry for some λ , then either P is hermitian or λ is an n th unit root of unity. We also show that for any n th unit root λ of unity, there are a complex Banach space X and a nontrivial generalized bi-circular projection P on X such that P + λ ( I − P ) is an isometry.
Student body racial and ethnic composition and diversity-related outcomes in US medical schools.

Context Many medical schools assert that a racially and ethnically diverse student body is an important element in educating physicians to meet the needs of a diverse society. However, there is limited evidence addressing the educational effects of student body racial diversity. Objective To determine whether student body racial and ethnic diversity is associated with diversity-related outcomes among US medical students. Design, Setting, and Participants A Web-based survey (Graduation Questionnaire) administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges of 20 112 graduating medical students (64% of all graduating students in 2003 and 2004) from 118 allopathic medical schools in the United States. Historically black and Puerto Rican medical schools were excluded. Main Outcome Measures Students' self-rated preparedness to care for patients from other racial and ethnic backgrounds, attitudes about equity and access to care, and intent to practice in an underserved area. Results White students within the highest quintile for student body racial and ethnic diversity, measured by the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) students, were more likely to rate themselves as highly prepared to care for minority populations than those in the lowest diversity quintile (61.1% vs 53.9%, respectively; P Conclusion Student body racial and ethnic diversity within US medical schools is associated with outcomes consistent with the goal of preparing students to meet the needs of a diverse population.
Electrical current and acupuncture treatment for a paediatric patient with a recurring long thoracic nerve paralysis

Abstract A female paediatric patient aged 9 years presented with right long thoracic nerve palsy for the second time. The first injury that occurred in 2011 was due to a fall and although the patient had a paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle and was unable to elevate the arm, with rehabilitation and conventional physiotherapy, she recovered completely according to the nerve conduction test that was conducted six months post recovery. The second injury to the long thoracic nerve was due to a ballet movement that occurred in 2012. Besides the nerve palsy that reoccurred there was also a complication of severe pain and evidence of a complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The second injury was limited by the inability to participate in rehabilitation exercises and physiotherapy due to pain and hyperaesthesia in the distribution of C5 and C6 dermatome both in the trapezius and shoulder region. The third nerve conduction test deteriorated to those recorded after the first nerve conduction test. A different physiotherapy approach was then applied – initially to reduce pain and decrease hyperaesthesia and then to attempt to increase nerve conduction by the inclusion of an electrical device that simultaneously delivers both a low and a high frequency current. This treatment was combined with various pain resolving tactics including acupuncture, individual sub-liminal, low and high frequency electrical currents. Several interventions were applied to tailor the treatment to the patient to achieve maximal improvement in pain and mobility. It is therefore difficult to attribute improvement to one particular modality or even natural resolution of the condition however previous clinical application and experience of activating nerve conduction with the combination current in other conditions implied that improvement could be expected. This particular electrical current is a combination of a low frequency and a magnetic field. The condition resolved completely with full movement and no pain after 13 treatments over two months – it was evident that the combination of treatment had an effect on expediting the healing in the nerve. The patient was able to resume all her normal activities including gymnastics and ballet.
Virtually) conceptually necessary

L'A. part du fait que certains linguistes ont tendance a considerer que certaines proprietes des langues naturelles ou de certaines methodes les decrivant sont 'necessaires conceptuellement (ou virtuellement)'. En affirmant cette 'necessite conceptuelle', la terminologie linguistique prend une place preponderante dans la theorie. L'A. examine trois revendications actuelles de cette necessite conceptuelle, a savoir les operations nommees copie ('copy'), fusion ('merge') et deplacement ('displacement') issues du programme minimaliste chomskyen. Le but de cette analyse est de suggerer que la fonction rhetorique d'une telle terminologie est de faciliter des assomptions pour lesquelles il n'existe pas d'arguments en leur faveur, ou qui ne peuvent fournir un support viable.
A foveal discriminability difference for one vs. four letters

In two experiments using foveal displays, an increase in reaction time was found for a T-L discrimination when number of letters was increased from one to four. No such increase was observed for a T-tilted T discrimination. In Experiment 1, acuity (manipulation of line width) did not interact with the effect of letter number. In Experiment 2, the retinal area (a manipula- tion of letter size and spacing) covered by the display also failed to affect the influence of letter number. The results indicate that the type of discrimination to be made determines whether or not processing is parallel, even when as few as four letters are presented.
Convective Heat Transfer to a Confined Impinging Array of Air Jets With Spent Air Exits

This investigation has examined the influence of spent air exits located between the jets on the magnitude and uniformity of the local heat transfer coefficient for a confined 3×3 square array of axisymmetric air jets impinging normally to a heated surface. The heat transfer coefficient was measured using a 0.025-mm-thick stainless steel impingement surface coated with liquid crystals. The temperature distribution along the surface was determined by measuring the reflected wavelength of light from the liquid crystal with the use of bandpass filters and an electronic digitizer board. The effect of small noise-to-plate spacings (0.25 and 1.0 diameters) commonly used in material processing applications was also considered
Hypertension and death from consumption of processed baby foods by rats.

SummarySome processed baby foods were lethal to hypertension-prone rats. Among 25 rats from a genetically hypertension-prone strain fed solely on such baby foods, all developed significant hypertension (averaging 180–190 mm Hg in the last 3 months of observation), 12 died, and 2 others became seriously ill during the 8 months of study. In contrast, the IS control rats maintained on a low sodium chow were all alive and their average pressure at 8 months was 141.4 mm Hg. Considerable evidence suggests that the difference in response of test and control groups was due to the high NaCl content added to the processed baby foods. This added NaCl is unnecessary for the health of infants. It may contribute to the later development of hypertension in genetically predisposed individuals.
Trainee performance at robotic console and benchmark operative times

It is an ongoing challenge to maintain surgical efficiency while integrating trainee participation. We hypothesize that a program of graduated surgical responsibility for trainees does not hinder operative efficiency. This was a retrospective cohort study of trainee performance times, collected prospectively in real time, for robotic cases performed at one university hospital between September 2008 and August 2011. The primary aim was to compare overall operative times between cases performed by trainees versus attendings. Secondary aims were to compare operative times for major portions of each operation by level of training and to establish benchmark operative times for trainees. During the study period, 98 cases had recorded trainee performance times. Total robot docked time was longer for trainees than for attendings (155 vs 132 min, p = 0.011), but mean performance times for hysterectomy (70 vs 59 min, p = 0.096) and sacrocolpopexy (76 vs 79 min, p = 0.545) were similar. Within the trainees, there was no correlation between surgical time and rank for each step of the procedures. Utilizing mean performance times for all trainees, benchmark operative times were established for each step of hysterectomy in minutes: right side (21), left side (21), bladder flap (10), colpotomy (15), and cuff closure (19); similarly, for sacrocolpopexy: sacral and peritoneal dissection (12), anterior cuff dissection (10), posterior cuff dissection (8), anterior mesh attachment (15), posterior mesh attachment (18), sacral mesh attachment (12), and peritoneal closure (9). In a program of graduated surgical responsibility, robotic operative efficiency was comparable when trainees were involved as console surgeons.
Ion beam induced carbonization of partially cured phenolic resin

Abstract Partially cured phenolic resin films were irradiated with N 5+ ions at 6.5 MeV, He 2+ ions at 1.5 MeV and protons at 0.5 MeV. These films were prepared by spin coating and subsequent annealing at 150°C. Irradiated volumes in each sample were tested in situ for enhanced electrical conductivity and later on by Raman microprobe spectroscopy. Raman microprobe spectroscopy of the darkened phase shows development of the D and G lines which are characteristic of the production of a carbonized resin. This localized transformation, depending on the energy and type of the incident ion, occurred preferentially at a shallow depth rather than throughout the volume and is due to the direct energy transfer from beam to target, localized thermal annealing processes and the chemical reaction between stopped neutralized incident ion and the sample depending on the type of the species used for bombardment.
OCCURRENCE OF GLYCOLATE DEHYDROGENASE AND GLYCOLATE OXIDASE IN SOME COCCOID, ZOOSPORE‐PRODUCING GREEN ALGAE1

Twenty-seven species of coccoid, zoospore-producing green algae representing 16 genera in the Chlorococcales and Chlorosarcinales were assayed for glycolate oxidase or glycolate dehydrogenase. Only Planophila terrestris Groover & Bold and Fasciculochloris boldii Trainor, contained glycolate oxidase whereas the others contained glycolate dehydrogenase. Representative algae were grown under varying conditions and assayed to determine any effects on these glycolate enzymes. Although specific rates of enzyme activity often varied widely, the form of glycolate enzyme present was not affected.
Response map properties of units in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of barbiturate-anesthetized gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

The response map scheme introduced by Evans and Nelson (1973) and modified by others, including Davis et al. (1996) for use with gerbils, has been used primarily for classifying units recorded in the cochlear nucleus of unanesthetized decerebrate preparations. Units lacking spontaneous activity (SpAc) have been classified as either type I/III or type II units based on the relative strength of their responses to broad-band noise compared to their responses to best-frequency (BF) tones. The relative noise index (rho), a ratio of these responses after SpAc is subtracted out, provides a convenient measure of this relative strength. In this paper, responses of 320 units recorded in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of barbiturate-anesthetized gerbils to short-duration BF tones and broad-band noise were recorded. Since 87.5% of these units lacked SpAc, their response maps resembled those of type II and type I/III units. Units were characterized by rho and the normalized slope (m) of a best line fit to the BF rate versus level plot starting from the sound level corresponding to the first inflection point of the rate curve (typically its maximum value or the start of its sloping saturation). The distributions of rho and m values do not form distinct clusters as they do for units in the decerebrate preparation. Thus, the criteria developed for classifying DCN units in the decerebrate preparation do not appear appropriate for units in the barbiturate-anesthetized preparation. Deposits of horseradish peroxidase were used to locate 52 units. Most of the low SpAc units, 56% with poor noise responses (5/9) and nearly 70% with strong noise responses (25/36), and nearly all of the high SpAc units (6/7), were located either within or below the fusiform cell layer.
The Preparation and Use of Radioiodinated Congo Red in Detecting Amyloidosis

Congo red concentrates in amyloid tissue. This study was undertaken to prepare a radioactive congo red which would concentrate in amyloid, permitting external counting and, thereby, scanning and localization, as well as blood concentration measurement. Two methods were used to trace-label the dye to an adequate specific activity for such studies. Injection into guinea pigs with amyloidosis resulting from induced chronic scurvy indicated deposits and radioactivity in the liver and other organs. The “tagged” dye shows promise for locating amyloid and may serve as a means for evaluating drugs for the resorption of amyloid. The method of direct radioiodination is applicable to other similar chemical compounds.
Syntheses and X-ray crystal structures of cationic, two-coordinate gold(I) π-alkene complexes that contain a sterically hindered o-biphenylphosphine ligand

A number of cationic gold π-alkene complexes of the form {[P(t-Bu)2o-biphenyl]Au(π-alkene)}+SbF6− were isolated and three were analyzed by X-ray crystallography.
Different Mating-Type-Regulated Genes Affect the DNA Repair Defects of Saccharomyces RAD51, RAD52 and RAD55 Mutants

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing both a- and α-mating-type (MAT) genes (termed mating-type heterozygosity) exhibit higher rates of spontaneous recombination and greater radiation resistance than cells expressing only MATa or MATα. MAT heterozygosity suppresses recombination defects of four mutations involved in homologous recombination: complete deletions of RAD55 or RAD57, an ATPase-defective Rad51 mutation (rad51-K191R), and a C-terminal truncation of Rad52, rad52-Δ327. We investigated the genetic basis of MAT-dependent suppression of these mutants by deleting genes whose expression is controlled by the Mata1-Matα2 repressor and scoring resistance to both campothecin (CPT) and phleomycin. Haploid rad55Δ strains became more damage resistant after deleting genes required for nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), a process that is repressed in MATa/MATα cells. Surprisingly, NHEJ mutations do not suppress CPT sensitivity of rad51-K191R or rad52-Δ327. However, rad51-K191R is uniquely suppressed by deleting the RME1 gene encoding a repressor of meiosis or its coregulator SIN4; this effect is independent of the meiosis-specific homolog, Dmc1. Sensitivity of rad52-Δ327 to CPT was unexpectedly increased by the MATa/MATα-repressed gene YGL193C, emphasizing the complex ways in which MAT regulates homologous recombination. The rad52-Δ327 mutation is suppressed by deleting the prolyl isomerase Fpr3, which is not MAT regulated. rad55Δ is also suppressed by deletion of PST2 and/or YBR052C (RFS1, rad55 suppressor), two members of a three-gene family of flavodoxin-fold proteins that associate in a nonrandom fashion with chromatin. All three recombination-defective mutations are made more sensitive by deletions of Rad6 and of the histone deacetylases Rpd3 and Ume6, although these mutations are not themselves CPT or phleomycin sensitive.
The Importance of Community Context for Young Women’s Occupational Aspirations

The effects of community context on occupational aspirations are examined in a national sample of young women in high school in the USA in 1979 (n = 2,210). Multilevel statistical models indicate that young women living in counties with a lower divorce rate, a lower percentage of women working, and more people employed in the wholesale and retail industrial sector tended to be less likely to aspire to paid work than young women living in areas with a higher divorce rate, a higher percentage of women working, and fewer people employed in the wholesale and retail industrial sector. Community context does not affect the level of young women’s occupational aspirations as predicted by prior scholarship.
Quantum critical universality and singular corner entanglement entropy of bilayer Heisenberg-Ising model

We consider a bilayer quantum spin model with anisotropic intralayer exchange couplings. By varying the anisotropy, the quantum critical phenomena changes from XY to Heisenberg to Ising universality class, with two modes, three modes, and one mode, respectively, becoming gapless simultaneously. We use series-expansion methods to calculate the second and third Renyi entanglement entropies when the system is bipartitioned into two parts. Leading area-law terms and subleading entropies associated with corners are separately calculated. We find clear evidence that the logarithmic singularity associated with the corners is universal in each class. Its coefficient along the Ising critical line is in excellent agreement with those obtained previously for the transverse-field Ising model. Our results provide strong evidence for the idea that the universal terms in the entanglement entropy provide an approximate measure of the low energy degrees of freedom in the system.
Female facial beauty: The fertility hypothesis.

Prior research on facial beauty has suggested that the average female face in a population is perceived to be the most attractive face. This finding, however, is based on an image processing methodology that appears to be flawed. An alternative method for generating attractive faces is described and the findings using this procedure are compared with the reports of other experimenters. The results suggest that (1) beautiful female faces are not average, but vary from the average in a systematic manner, and (2) female beauty can best be explained by a sexual selection viewpoint, whereby selection favors cues that are reliable indicators of fertility.
Electrodynamics of the Maxwell-Lorentz type in the ten-dimensional space of the testing of special relativity: A case for Finsler type connections

It has recently been shown by Vargas,(4) that the passive coordinate transformations that enter the Robertson test theory of special relativity have to be considered as coordinate transformations in a seven-dimensional space with degenerate metric. It has also been shown by Vargas that the corresponding active coordinate transformations are not equal in general to the passive ones and that the composite active-passive transformations act on a space whose number of dimensions is ten (one-particle case) or larger (more than one particle).
Multi-stage steam ejector methodology - Model enhancement and comparison to high energy laser experiments

The pressure recovery of high energy chemical laser exhaust flows through steam ejectors is calculated by means of an improved analytical model. In particular, the methodology is now extended to address the full range of ancillary flows encountered by an ejector train during laser hardware qualification and prelasing tests. Suction pressures are predicted for a three-stage system operating below 20 torr, with laser flows up to 150 lb(m)/sec of equivalent air. The analysis compares favorably with recent data from the Pressure Recovery Assembly of a high energy HF/DF laser. 5 references.