cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of Collagen Types I and III during Wound Healing in Rat Skin

SummaryThe collagen Types synthesized during early wound healing have not been quantitatively analyzed. Therefore, open wounds were made on the backs of Sprague-Dawley rats and analyzed at various times for newly synthesized collagen Types I and III. Biopsies were incubated in tissue culture medium with [3H]proline and collagen was extracted and purified prior to separation on an A5-M column. Type III collagen was increased significantly at 10 hr compared to all other times through Day 12. By 24 hr, the percentage Type III collagen returned to a normal skin value of 20%. The early appearance of Type III collagen is associated with an early increase in collagen synthesis and may function in providing initial wound structure and support for subsequent healing events.
Decision-Making During Language Understanding by Intelligent Agents

In cognitive modeling and intelligent agent design, a widely accepted architectural pipeline is Perception---Reasoning---Action. But language understanding, while a type of perception, involves many types of reasoning, and can even involve action, such as asking a clarification question about the intended meaning of an utterance. In the field of natural language processing, for its part, the common progression of processing modules is Syntax---Semantics---Pragmatics. But this modularization lacks cognitive plausibility and misses opportunities to enhance efficiency through the timely application of knowledge from multiple sources. This paper provides a high-level description of semantically-deep, reasoning-rich language processing in the OntoAgent cognitive agent environment, which illustrates the practical gains of moving away from a strict adherence to traditional modularization and pipeline architectures.
Investigating Affective Experiences in the Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory: Students’ Perceptions of Control and Responsibility

Meaningful learning requires the integration of cognitive and affective learning with the psychomotor, i.e., hands-on learning. The undergraduate chemistry laboratory is an ideal place for meaningful learning to occur. However, accurately characterizing students’ affective experiences in the chemistry laboratory can be a very difficult task. While attitudinal surveys offer some insights, an inherent limitation of such fixed-response surveys may prevent students from expressing how their laboratory experiences shape their affective learning. Conducting interviews, however, affords researchers the opportunity to hear students describe learning in their own words. One challenge with interviews is that students may not possess the vocabulary to precisely describe their experiences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct interviews that encouraged and enabled students to verbalize their feelings about learning in the undergraduate chemistry laboratory. Interviews were conducted with 13 students wh...
DRUG ACTIONS ON α-METHYL-m-TYRAMINE, A FALSE DOPAMINERGIC TRANSMITTER IN THE RAT STRIATUM

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a study analyzing drug actions on α-methyl- m -tyramine, a false dopaminergic transmitter in the rat striatum. The actions of several drugs on the rat striatum were investigated by observing their effects on striatal α-methyl- m -tyramine (MMTA), a false dopaminergic transmitter. It is observed that neuroleptics enhance the disappearance of striatal MMTA, an action reversed by apomorphine. This illustrates the opposing actions of these agents on the DA receptor to reflexly alter nigro-striatal impulse flow and consequent amine release. Amphetamine and amfonelic acid, a powerful CNS stimulant, on the other hand appear to cause release largely by a direct action because release still occurs in the presence of apomorphine. It was found that the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, α-methyltyrosine (αMT) inhibits normal release, but even more strikingly, release caused by a neuroleptic; while amphetamine and, especially, amfonelic acid releasing actions are still present despite αMT administration. The effects of αMT on normal and neurolepticinduced release might mean that MMTA is displaced from the storage pool by newly formed DA in exact proportion to the extent of DA synthesis.
Papillary Cancer: Special Aspects in Children

Our current approach to evaluation and treatment of PTC in children and adolescents has been extrapolated from the treatment of PTC in adults. While the histology of the cancer is the same, the clinical behavior of PTC in children is very different and the potential short- and long-term risks of complications from treatment are expressed over a greater period of time. As the pediatric community continues to search for the safest and most effective treatment options for children, one must be cognizant that our current knowledge and approach to care is based on retrospective chart reviews. These reviews often cover decades of time with great variations in age of patient, degree of iodine sufficiency, and details of surgical as well as medical evaluation and management. While the last decade has witnessed a marked increase in the number of reports on pediatric thyroid cancer, information on 30–40-year posttreatment follow-up remains quite limited. These disparities and unknowns continue to create controversy in treatment as we strive to balance and individualize the use of aggressive surgical and medical treatment for a cancer that on presentation appears aggressive, with an increased frequency of regional and pulmonary metastasis, but, in contrast to adults, appears to have a more indolent, long-term natural history and lower incidence of disease-specific mortality.
Myopic Shift 5 Years after Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Purpose To report the myopic shift at 5 years of age after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for infants enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). Methods Refractions were performed at 1 month and every 3 months postoperatively until age 4 years and then at ages 4.25, 4.5, and 5 years. The change in refraction over time was estimated by linear mixed model analysis. Results Intraocular lens implantation was completed in 56 eyes; 43 were analyzed (median age, 2.4 months; range, 1.0–6.8 months). Exclusions included 11 patients with glaucoma, 1 patient with Stickler syndrome, and 1 patient with an IOL exchange at 8 months postoperatively. The mean rate of change in a myopic direction from 1 month after cataract surgery to age 1.5 years was 0.35 diopters (D)/month (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.40 D/month); after age 1.5 years, the mean rate of change in a myopic direction was 0.97 D/year (95% CI, 0.66–1.28 D/year). The mean refractive change was 8.97 D (95% CI, 7.25–10.68 D) at age 5 years for children 1 month of age at surgery and 7.22 D (95% CI, 5.54–8.91 D) for children 6 months of age at surgery. The mean refractive error at age 5 years was −2.53 D (95% CI, −4.05 to −1.02). Conclusions After IOL implantation during infancy, the rate of myopic shift occurs most rapidly during the first 1.5 years of life. Myopic shift varies substantially among patients. If the goal is emmetropia at age 5 years, then the immediate postoperative hypermetropic targets should be +10.5 D at 4 to 6 weeks and +8.50 D from 7 weeks to 6 months. However, even using these targets, it is likely that many children will require additional refractive correction given the high variability of refractive outcomes.
Platelet Shape Change

Platelets circulate quiescently in a flat, discoid state and undergo specific morphological changes to support granule secretion, integrin activation, platelet–platelet aggregation, adhesion, and contractile processes in the initial stages of the platelet activation program. Dynamic changes in platelet shape have long been associated with platelet activation and hemostatic and thrombotic function. Classical microscopy studies, together with the development of light transmission aggregometry, allowed for an advance of platelet shape change assays as important experimental and clinical tools. Pharmacology efforts have specified how platelet agonists, including thrombin, collagen, and ADP activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or ITAM-bearing receptors to increase myosin light chain phosphorylation to drive actomyosin contractions and other dynamic cytoskeletal processes that form the basis for the initiation of platelet shape change. Advances in imaging technologies and molecular tools continue to provide mechanistic insights into platelet shape change as one of the earliest morphological manifestations of platelet activation, a potential biomarker for platelet-based disease states and a powerful tool in basic and translational studies of platelet function.
Struggling for Context: An Appraisal of 'Struggling for Air'

In their recent book, Struggling for Air, Ricky Revesz and Jack Lienke argue that the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 contained a "tragic flaw": the failure to require national emissions standards for existing coal-fired power plants. They blame this flaw on a "missing of the mark," primarily by Senator Edmund Muskie, the chief Senate sponsor of the 1970 Amendments. I suggest instead that the technological and political context of the 1970 Amendments explains why the flaw exists, and that the failure to include national standards for coal-fired power plants is an error that can be seen only in retrospect.
Phase I/II study of preoperative (pre-op) short course chemoradiation (CRT) with proton beam therapy (PBT) and capecitabine (cape) followed by early surgery for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) of the head.

4021 Background: Standard adjuvant 6 week CRT may delay and reduce tolerability of adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. We explore the safety and efficacy of a one-week course of pre-op CRT with PBT and cape followed by early pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Patients with radiographically resectable, biopsy-proven PDAC of the head were enrolled from May 2007-December 2010 on this prospective, NCI-sponsored clinical trial. Eligibility included no CT involvement of SMA or celiac artery; No metastatic disease. Dose level 1 consisted of PBT delivered 3 Gy x 10. Pts in subsequent dose levels received 5 Gy x 5 in progressively shortened schedules: level 2 (wk 1 M W F, wk 2 T Th), level 3 (wk 1 M T Th F, wk 2 M), level 4 (wk 1 M-F). PBT was targeted at pancreatic mass with elective nodal coverage. Pts received Cape 825 mg/m2 BID wk 1 and 2 M-F. Surgery was performed 1-6 wks after completion of cape. Patients were recommended to receive 6 mo of gemcitabine after surgery. Genotyping of 15 genes (includin...
Outcomes of radioembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with marginal functional hepatic reserve.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the outcomes of radioembolization (RE) as a therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with marginal functional hepatic reserve. Methods A retrospective review of 471 patients (1/2010–7/2015) treated with RE (Therasphere, BTG, UK) was performed. A total of 36 patients (mean age: 66.1±9.3, male: 86.1%) underwent therapy for HCC with a MELD≥15 (median: 16, range: 15–22). Baseline demographics of the study cohort were as follows: etiology (HCV: 26, 72.2%), cirrhosis ( n =32, 88.9%), ECOG 0 ( n =16, 44.4%), Child-Pugh class (A=15, B=19, C=2), unilobar distribution ( n =27, 75%), AFP>200 ( n =11, 30.6%), portal vein thrombosis (PVT, n =7, 19.4%), metastasis ( n =3, 8.3%). Outcomes analyzed included CTCAEv4.03 laboratory toxicities (120-day), imaging response (mRECIST), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 42 treatments were performed with mean dose of 2.02±1.23GBq. The cumulative grade 3/4 toxicity was 28% overall and 21% for bilirubin at 120-days. The objective response and disease control rates were 48.3% (14/29) and 69% (20/29) respectively. The median (95% CI) PFS was 5.9 (4.4–7.7) months. Ten (27.8%) patients received additional locoregional therapy at a median (IQR) of 138 (102–243) days post RE. The mean (95% CI) OS was 21.9 (14.8–29.0) months. The absence of PVT was associated with improved OS ( p =0.005) Disease control at 90-days was also associated with an OS benefit ( p =0.037). Conclusions Patients with unresectable HCC and marginal functional hepatic reserve treated with RE had favorable objective response and disease control rates, both predictive of overall survival.
Science in Emergency Response at CDC: Structure and Functions

Recent high-profile activations of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emergency Operations Center (EOC) include responses to the West African Ebola and Zika virus epidemics. Within the EOC, emergency responses are organized according to the Incident Management System, which provides a standardized structure and chain of command, regardless of whether the EOC activation occurs in response to an outbreak, natural disaster, or other type of public health emergency. By embedding key scientific roles, such as the associate director for science, and functions within a Scientific Response Section, the current CDC emergency response structure ensures that both urgent and important science issues receive needed attention. Key functions during emergency responses include internal coordination of scientific work, data management, information dissemination, and scientific publication. We describe a case example involving the ongoing Zika virus response that demonstrates how the scientific response structure can be used to rapidly produce high-quality science needed to answer urgent public health questions and guide policy. Within the context of emergency response, longer-term priorities at CDC include both streamlining administrative requirements and funding mechanisms for scientific research.
Insuring Sustainable Homeownership

Today’s FHA suffered from many of the same unrealistic underwriting assumptions that have done in so many lenders during the 2000s. It had also been harmed, like other lenders, by a housing market as bad as any seen since the Great Depression. As a result, the federal government announced in 2013 that the FHA would require the first bailout in its history. At the same time that it faced these financial challenges, the FHA has also come under attack for the poor execution of some of its policies to expand homeownership. Leading commentators have called for the federal government to stop employing the FHA to do anything other than provide liquidity to the low end of the mortgage market. These arguments rely on a couple of examples of programs that were clearly failures but they fail to address the FHA’s long history of undertaking comparable initiatives. This article takes the long view and demonstrates that the FHA has a history of successfully undertaking new homeownership programs. At the same time, the article identifies flaws in the FHA model that should be addressed in order to prevent them from occurring if the FHA were to undertake similar initiatives in the future. This short article is drawn from David Reiss, Underwriting Sustainable Homeownership: The Federal Housing Administration and The Low Down Payment Loan, 50 GA. L. REV. 1019 (2016).
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, romosozumab followed by alendronate reduced fractures vs alendronate alone

Source Citation Saag KG, Petersen J, Brandi ML, et al. Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1417-27. 28892457
Electrochemical Corrosion of Lanthanum Chromite and Yttrium Chromite in Coal Slag

Lanthanum (La) chromites have long been considered as electrodes for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator channels (1,2,3,4). These chromites when doped with divalent ions such as Ca, Mg or Sr have adequate electronic and electrical conductivity and have melting points >2500 K (2). In use above ~1850 K, selective vapor loss of chromium (Cr) results in the formation of a hygroscopic La203 phase which results in a large volume change and loss of mechanical integrity (2).
Reworking Prejudice in Qualitative Inquiry With Gadamer and De/Colonizing Onto-Epistemologies:

In this article, the authors explore prejudice from Gadamerian and de/colonial perspectives, grounded in methodological discourses of qualitative inquiry. Using a vignette of a typical conversation...
Stimulus-Response Coupling in Mammalian Ciliated Cells: The Role of Ca2+ in Prostaglandin Stimulation

Calcium has been thought to play an important role in the control of ciliary movement in a broad variety of ciliated cells. In mammalian ciliated cells Ca2 + depletion can cause reversible ciliary arrest. Also, ciliostimulation produced by prostaglandins in ciliated cells of the oviduct is thought to be coupled by release of intracellular Ca2+. However, direct measurements of fluctuations of intracellular [Ca2+] associated with stimulation of ciliary activity have not been reported.
Characterization of Functional Relationships

We have seen that QP theory in the form proposed by Forbus is too weak to answer many of the questions we would like to ask when reasoning about a physical system for control purposes. We have proposed that this weakness be addressed by extending QP quantity and relationship representations in linguistic form using soft quantitative information. The goal of this chapter is to develop an annotation technique that will permit us to resolve ambiguities in a constructed QP model of a situation. That is, we assume that standard QP models have been applied and ambiguity has been encountered during influence resolution. What we seek here is a mechanism for annotating the models using extratheoretic information capable of resolving the ambiguity. This chapter begins with an examination of the causes of the particular ambiguities uncovered in our example. We then present a method of resolving this class of problems based on linguistic characterizations of partial functional strength and fuzzy relational algorithms. Details of the algorithms involved are presented, and we conclude with examples showing how the undecidable questions raised earlier are resolved by these techniques.
The Law of Large Numbers and the Strength of Insurance

The law of large numbers (or the related central limit theorem) is used in the literature on risk management and insurance to explain pooling of losses as an insurance mechanism. Also called the “law of averages”, the principle holds that the average of a large number of independent identically distributed random variables tends to fall close to the expected value. This result can be used to show that the entry of additional risks to an insured pool tends to reduce the variation of the average loss per policyholder around the expected value.1 When each policyholder’s contribution to the pool’s resources exceeds the expected loss payment, the entry of additional policyholders reduces the probability that the pool’s resources will be insufficient to pay all claims. Thus an increase in the number of policyholders strengthens the insurance by reducing the probability that the pool will fail.2
Linear Transformations, Orthogonal Projections, and Least Squares

This chapter focuses on linear transformations, orthogonal projections, and least squares. A function f consists of two sets, D and R , and a rule, f(x) , that assigns to each element of D a unique element of R . The set D is called the domain of f and the set R is called the range of f. The chapter presents the study of the relationship between matrices and linear transformations. A very important linear transformation is defined on an infinite-dimensional vector space. The chapter proves several theorems about inner products. . These relationships are quite fundamental to a great deal of theoretical and applied mathematics. The Cauchy-Schwartz and triangle inequalities are reviewed. Equality holds in the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality if and only if one vector is a multiple of the other. There is a fundamental relationship between a matrix, its transpose, and dot products. There are different ways of minimizing errors for different purposes. One of the most common ways, and the way used in the chapter, is to minimize the sum of the squares of the errors in each individual coordinate.
Abstract 249: Delayed Gene Transfer Increases Transgene Expression in Vein Grafts

BackgroundAutogenous vein grafts are effective therapies for obstructive arterial disease. However, their long-term utility is limited by stenosis and occlusion. Genetic engineering of veins that p...
Sound Technologies as Agency-Granting Prosthesis to Vocal Body

Western voice is historically de-agentialized, that is, gendered female, opposed to performer self-listening, de-privileged relative to composition and rendered ocularcentric by recording technolog...
Voices of Quiet Students: Introverted Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Educational Experiences and Leadership Preparation

The nursing profession needs leaders from across the temperament continuum. Educational environments are conducive to extroverts' learning but can have detrimental outcomes for introverted students. Introverted nurses avoid leadership positions because they have been taught extroversion traits are needed. This study explores perceptions of seven RN-BSN students who work as nurses and self-identify as introverts. Interviews with participants were conducted to ascertain perceptions of their educational experiences including preparation for leadership positions. Four themes emerged as: (1) stop making me sick, and I will appreciate learning, (2) respect my silence, and I will eventually speak, (3) recognize my strengths, and I will grow in confidence as a leader, and (4) adapt the environment, and I will learn more. Implications for nurse educators include being mindful to avoid bias and reduce stigma, considering changes to teaching approaches to create equitable learning spaces, and respecting silence in the classroom.
Deep Semi-Random Features for Nonlinear Function Approximation

We propose semi-random features for nonlinear function approximation. The flexibility of semi-random feature lies between the fully adjustable units in deep learning and the random features used in kernel methods. For one hidden layer models with semi-random features, we prove with no unrealistic assumptions that the model classes contain an arbitrarily good function as the width increases (universality), and despite non-convexity, we can find such a good function (optimization theory) that generalizes to unseen new data (generalization bound). For deep models, with no unrealistic assumptions, we prove universal approximation ability, a lower bound on approximation error, a partial optimization guarantee, and a generalization bound. Depending on the problems, the generalization bound of deep semi-random features can be exponentially better than the known bounds of deep ReLU nets; our generalization error bound can be independent of the depth, the number of trainable weights as well as the input dimensionality. In experiments, we show that semi-random features can match the performance of neural networks by using slightly more units, and it outperforms random features by using significantly fewer units. Moreover, we introduce a new implicit ensemble method by using semi-random features.
The Role of Suppression in Immunoregulation

The classical notion of tolerance as a deletion of antigen reactive clones has recently come under a two-pronged attack. It has been suggested that at least some forms of tolerance (if there is more than one form) are due to active suppression of potentially reactive clones by antigen antibody complexes and/or suppressor T cells. At this moment the latter mechanism of suppression seems to be in ascendency in immunological thought. This is mirrored in the papers being presented at this conference, as well as in its organizational hierarchy; a suppressor T cell maven is the chairman of the session on suppression while the originator of the antigen antibody complex notion has been relegated to co-chairman status. However, front runners have been known to fade and if one thing is clear about the subject, it is that the final answer is not yet in. Hopefully, at the conclusion of the conference we will be closer to it than we are at the moment of this writing.
Seventy Years of Archaeological Research on California’s Farallon Islands

The Farallon Islands are a cluster of small islands ∼32 km off the coast of San Francisco Bay. These islands total < 1 km2 in area and lack surface freshwater, but are home to scores of breeding se...
A Splendorous Burden

Rising Damp, a popular British sitcom of the 1970s, depicted the lives of tenants of shabby bedsits in a Victorian townhouse. Emphasizing personal decline, the story highlighted ethical failings of...
Molecular dynamics and continuum analyses of the electrokinetic zeta potential in nanostructured slit channels

Abstract This work presents a theoretical and numerical study of electrokinetic flow and the zeta potential for the case of slit channels with nanoscale surface features of dimensions comparable to the Debye length, by employing molecular dynamics simulations and continuum-level analyses. A simple analytical model for considering the average effect of such surface features producing nanoscale roughness is proposed by employing matched asymptotic solutions for the charge density and fluid flow field, and matching conditions that satisfy electroneutrality and the Onsager reciprocal relation between the electroosmotic flow rate and streaming current. The proposed analytical model quantitatively accounts for results from molecular dynamics simulations that consider the presence of ion solvation shells and surface hydration layers. Our analysis indicates that a simultaneous knowledge of the electroosmotic and pressure-driven flow rate or streaming current can be instrumental to unambiguously determine the zeta potential in the presence of nanoscale surface features .
Safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted groin hernia repair

Robotic surgical technology has grown in popularity and applicability, since its conception with emerging uses in general surgery. The robot’s contribution of increased stability and dexterity may be beneficial in technically challenging surgeries, namely, inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this project is to contribute to the growing body of literature on robotic technology for inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) by sharing our experience with RIHR at a large, academic institution. We performed a retrospective chart review spanning from March 2015 to April 2018 on all patients who had undergone RIHR at our university hospital. Extracted data include preoperative demographics, operative features, and postoperative outcomes. Data were analyzed with particular focus on complications, including hernia recurrence. A total of 43 patients were included, 40 of which were male. Mean patient age was 56 (range 18–85 years) and mean patient BMI was 26.4 (range 17.5–42.3). Bilateral hernias were diagnosed in 13 patients. All of the patients received transabdominal approaches, and all but one received placement of synthetic polypropylene mesh. There was variety in mesh placement with 23 patients receiving suture fixation and 14 receiving tack fixation. Several patients received a combination of suture, tacks, and surgical glue. Mean patient in-room time was 4.0 h, mean operative time was 2.9 h, and mean robotic dock time was 2.0 h. Regarding intraoperative complications, there was one bladder injury, which was discovered intraoperatively and repaired primarily. Same-day discharges were achieved in 32 patients (74.4%) of patients. One patient was admitted overnight for management of urinary retention. Additional ten patients were admitted for observation. Post-operatively, none of the cases resulted in wound infections. Eleven patients developed seromas and one patient was diagnosed with a groin hematoma. Median follow-up was 37.5 days, and one recurrence was reported during this time. The recurrent hernia in this case was initially discovered during a separate case and was repaired with temporary mesh. The use of the robot is safe and effective and should be considered an acceptable approach to inguinal hernia repair. Future prospective studies will help define which patients will benefit most from this technology.
An Umbrella Review of Text Message Programs for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this umbrella review was to synthesize the evidence from published systematic reviews on the effectiveness of text message programs for adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on g...
Dirhodium complexes as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to HCOOH: role of steric hindrance on selectivity.

A series of Rh2(II,II) complexes were shown to electrocatalytically reduce CO2 to HCOOH. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies reveal a correlation between catalytic selectivity and efficiency with the steric bulk at the axial sites afforded by the bridging ligands. Mechanistic studies point to the presence of a Rh2(II,I)–H hydride as a key intermediate in the catalytic cycle.
Cameo 2 - Immigrants and Religion

Immigrants and Religion Religious considerations affect the decision to immigrate as well as the choice of destination country, and religious behaviors change as immigrants adjust to the economic context of their new country. This paper considers the interaction between the Economics of Religion and the Economics of Immigration, and distinguishes between religiosity per se and an immigrant’s religious identity (affiliation). Religious groups are described as quasi-enclaves and immigrant churches as a subset of these. Rising full prices (wage rates) and incomes during the adjustment process affect the religious behavior of immigrants. Religious institutions (referred to as churches) also respond to systematic changes in the religious behaviors of their members. JEL Classification: Z12, J61, J11, J15
Negotiating Civil War: The Politics of International Regime Design. By Henry Lovat. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xv, 368. Index.

After taking office, the Biden administration quickly moved to reverse or revoke a number of the Trump administration's immigration-related policies. On inauguration day, President Joseph Biden announced several significant changes, including termination of the national emergency at the southern border, halting border wall construction, and removal of discriminatory travel restrictions imposed primarily on Muslim-majority countries. In the following weeks, Biden continued to reverse Trump administration policies, including by overhauling the asylum-seeker regime, creating task forces to undo the harms caused by Trump-era border practices, and reimposing some COVID-related travel restrictions, while revoking others. The Biden administration's proposed immigration legislation could introduce even broader reforms going forward.
Resurgence of alcohol seeking following abstinence induced by punishment in male and female rats.

Abstract To better approximate the human condition, animal models of relapse to drug and alcohol seeking have increasingly employed negative consequences to generate abstinence. Here we report the first demonstration of relapse to punishment-suppressed alcohol seeking induced by loss of non-drug reward (i.e., resurgence). We also report the first examination of potential sex differences in any form of relapse to alcohol seeking following suppression by punishment. Male and female rats first pressed a lever for 20 % oral alcohol. Next, lever pressing for one group continued to produce alcohol, but also produced occasional footshock. For another group, lever pressing similarly produced alcohol and occasional footshock, and a nose-poke response produced alternative non-drug reward (i.e., food). Males showed similar suppression of alcohol seeking by punishment alone and punishment + alternative non-drug reward, whereas females showed less suppression by punishment alone. Finally, when alternative reinforcement and punishment were suspended, resurgence occurred for both sexes in the group that previously had access to non-drug reward. Exposure to and then removal of punishment alone did not produce relapse for males, but it did for females. These results suggest that loss of alternative non-drug reward can generate relapse to alcohol seeking following abstinence induced by negative consequences. Future research should further examine the role of potential sex differences in sensitivity to punishment and how such differences may contribute to relapse more broadly.
Closing Auctions: Information Content and Timeliness of Price Reaction

Closing auction volume steadily increased over the last decade and it reached a peak of about 10% of the total trading volume in 2019. We examine the price impact and resiliency of closing auctions, and we compare closing auction liquidity in the Nasdaq and the NYSE. The NYSE offers more depth. In both exchanges, it takes about 3–5 days for the temporary component of the price impact to fully dissipate. Trading strategies that exploit the price impact and reversals are significantly profitable.
Superlattice effects in graphene on SiC(0001) and Ir(111) probed by ARPES

Abstract We review the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) technique and its applications to epitaxially grown graphenes. In particular we discuss the extraction of symmetry-breaking factors associated with superlattice formation due to substrate lattice mismatch. For UHV grown graphene on SiC, which has a quasi-13 × 13 superlattice (with respect to graphene), no coupling vectors exist to break the chiral symmetry, and a gap at ED is not observed. For graphene on Ir(111), lattice mismatch induces a well-known Moire pattern with 10 × 10 (relative to graphene) symmetry. Despite the fact that chirality should be preserved under this symmetry, energy gaps are found at the main as well as the mini-Dirac crossings. A simple tight binding model that neglects chirality can explain the observed miniband spectrum in graphene on Ir(111).
Turning Process Identification Through Force Transients

A method is presented for identifying the chip formation, plowing, and sliding forces in turning from force transients. For this purpose, a simple model is used which separates the cutting force into a sharp tool chip formation component and a residual component associated with both rubbing between the wear land and the workpiece and plowing at the cutting edge. Variations of the cross-sectional area of the cut during a transient are used to tune the model and estimate its parameters.
Solvent effects on infrared frequencies—II. The effects of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride on the carbonyl bands of ketones

Abstract The carbonyl bands of acetone and cyclohexanone were studied in pure cyclohexane and chloroform and in various mixtures of the two solvents. Some of the mixtures were studied at temperatures ranging from +27 to −55°C. The results show that chloroform forms two specific complexes with each of the ketones and that these interactions are responsible for the largest part of the observed frequency shifts. One of the complexes is of the 1:1 type, and the other one is probably a 1:2 complex in which both molecules of chloroform are hydrogen-bonded to the carbonyl group. The formation constants of the 1:1 complexes at 30°C are 1·2–0·3 1/mole. Cyclohexanone was also studied in mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane. The results indicate that a weak specific interaction between carbon tetrachloride and the ketone is responsible for about one-half of the total frequency shift observed in this solvent system. The relations between the results of this study and those obtained by other workers using two-component mixtures of the ketones with chloroform are discussed briefly.
Determination of Pore Volume and Pore Distribution by Liquid Extrusion Porosimetry Without Using Mercury

A novel technique, liquid extrusion porosimetry for determination of pore volume and pore distribution is described. This technique does not require the use of mercury or any other toxic substance like the mercury intrusion technique, which is morally used for measurement of pore volume. Results of an investigation of a ceramic porous component using these techniques are presented and critically examined.
A New Aerodynamic Integral Equation Based on an Acoustic Formula in the Time Domain

An aerodynamic integral equation for bodies moving at transonic and supersonic speeds is presented. Based on a time-dependent acoustic formula for calculating the noise emanating from the outer portion of a propeller blade travelling at high speed (the Ffowcs Williams-Hawking formulation), the loading terms and a conventional thickness source terms are retained. Two surface and three line integrals are employed to solve an equation for the loading noise. The near-field term is regularized using the collapsing sphere approach to obtain semiconvergence on the blade surface. A singular integral equation is thereby derived for the unknown surface pressure, and is amenable to numerical solutions using Galerkin or collocation methods. The technique is useful for studying the nonuniform inflow to the propeller.
Numerical modeling of a sagging pipeline using an Eulerian two-phase model

The scour below a sagging pipeline is studied using a combination of a k-epsilon flow model and an Eulerian two-phase model, the modeling system being a part of the FLUENT CFD package. Both flow–particle and particle–particle interactions are considered in the model and the predicted bed profile changes are evaluated against data of a published laboratory experiment. In the configuration considered, the sagging is manifested in two steps: (1) the local scour around the pipeline is allowed to develop fully; and (2) the pipeline is lowered to the scour hole in a controlled fashion until it reaches the bottom of the scour hole. Three sagging velocities are simulated, and predicted scour profiles agree well with the laboratory data. Differences of scour evolution are noted for different sagging velocities, for which possible reasons were advanced. General characteristics of flow fields, including turbulence, suspension of particles and sediment transport are described paying attention to their dependence on t...
Development of an impedance-based sensor for the detection of catalyst coking in fuel-reforming systems

Abstract A novel sensor for detecting the early stages of catalyst coking in fuel reforming systems has been developed. The sensor was manufactured by inkjet printing a colloidal suspension of ceramic powders to create thin (20 μm) catalytic and conductive elements of the sensor. The catalytic elements are composed of a Ni–YSZ cermet. The Ni–YSZ cermet was prepared with a concentration below the percolation limit (20 vol.%) of nickel, ensuring a low electrical conductivity. As coke forms on the catalyst material, the nickel nodules in the Ni–YSZ are connected by electrically conductive carbon and the conductivity of the catalyst material increases, indicating coke formation. Sensors were tested in a 1% ethylene environment to induce coking. The sensor showed a strong response to coking by producing a signal on the order of hundreds of millivolts. The mass of the coke load was determined to be below the detection limit of available thermogravimetric analyzers (TGA) (
Benefits and challenges in use of a standardized symptom assessment instrument in hospice.

Abstract Background: Hospices are now mandated to perform routine quality assessment under the final Medicare Hospice Conditions of Participation, creating an opportunity to explore standardized approaches to monitoring hospice quality. Objective: We report hospice staff experiences using a standardized symptom assessment instrument, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), in a pilot study designed to develop and test quality measures on symptom management. Use of the ESAS illustrates the benefits and challenges arising with standardized symptom assessment for quality monitoring in hospice. Methods: We interviewed 24 individuals representing 8 hospices involved with the National Association for Home Care & Hospice Quality Assessment Collaborative, which pilot tested the ESAS as a source of standardized data for quality assessment. Transcripts were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: Participants reported benefits and challenges with the ESAS. Benefits were that the ESAS was a b...
Graduate Dance Education in the United States: 1985–2010

Abstract Through historical comparison and content analysis of current Internet-accessible program documents, this article extends the limited discourse on graduate dance education in the United States. Drawing on a small, intensive sample of literature, the author examines how the field has responded to challenges posed by researchers and theorists during the period from 1985 to 2010. Enduring challenges for graduate dance include teacher preparation for multiple levels and contexts; preparation for responsibilities outside of artistic production and teaching; shrinking budgets in the face of unrelenting corporatization; balancing practice and theory; and higher education mandates for attention to student diversity, multicultural perspectives, interdisciplinary studies, and technology in curriculum design and practice. Based on qualitative analysis of program self-descriptions, the article presents a profile of graduate dance education in the United States today—its visions, purposes, and content. The ar...
Advances in genome-wide CLL linkage

In this issue of Blood , Sellick and colleagues update a previous report 1 with a combined genome-wide linkage study in 206 families with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), making their study the largest effort so far to localize CLL predisposition genes. The findings of this study are important because they provide information to pursue familial predisposition to the most frequent type of adult leukemia, CLL.
003 Picroliv, a Phytochemical Enhances Wound Healing in Rats

Tissue repair and wound healing are complex processes that involve inflammation, granulation, and tissue remodeling. Angiogenesis plays a central role in wound healing. Previously, we have shown that picroliv, a natural product obtained from the roots of Picrorhiza kurrooa upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and insulin like growth factor (IGF) in rats during hypoxia (Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 1999; 56: 348–55). In the present study, we have investigated the effect of Picroliv in an ex vivo rat aorta ring model of angiogenesis. Picroliv enhanced the sprouting and migration of endothelial cells. In this study, we have investigated the effect of picroliv in both unimpaired and dexamethasone (DX)-induced impaired cutaneous healing in a full thickness punch wound model in rats. The animals in the impaired healing group having been pretreated with DX. We studied the tissues by histology and morphometry. The data showed picroliv treatment resulted in improved reepithelialization, neovascularization, and migration of various cells such as endothelial, dermal myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts into the wound bed. Immunohistochemical localization showed an increased VEGF and alpha smooth muscle actin staining consistent with increased number of micro vessels in granulation tissue. These findings suggest that picroliv accelerated wound repair and thus could be developed as a therapeutic angiogenic agent for the wound healing. (This work was supported by a grant (5 R21 AT000517-02) from the NCCAM, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.)
The C. elegans Trans-spliced leader RNA is bound to Sm and has a trimethylguanosine cap

Abstract mRNA splicing in C. elegans is unusual: most introns are very short (∼ 50 bases), and many mRNAs receive a leader by trans -splicing. The donor in trans -splicing is a 94 nucleotide molecule, termed the leader RNA, that contributes its 5′ 22 nucleotides to a variety of mRNAs. We show here that C. elegans has the usual snRNAs, which presumably catalyze the splicing reactions. As expected, they are bound to the Sm antigen and have 2,2,7-methylguanosine caps. Remarkably, the trans -spliced leader RNA is also Sm-associated and has this special cap. Hence, a molecule discovered as a substate of splicing has properties of molecules heretofore known only to facilitate splicing of other RNAs. Mature mRNAs that have received the leader evidently lack 2,2,7-methylguanosine caps, suggesting that these caps are removed or altered during processing.
Relating the power of the Multiple Associative Computing (MASC) model to that of reconfigurable bus-based models

The MASC (Multiple ASsociative Computing) model is a multi-SIMD model that uses control parallelism to coordinate the interaction of data parallel threads and supports associative SIMD computing on each of its threads. There have been a wide range of algorithms developed for this model. Research on using this model in real-time system applications and building a scalable MASC architecture is currently quite active. In this paper, we present simulations between MASC and reconfigurable bus-based models, e.g., various versions of the Reconfigurable Multiple Bus Machine (RMBM). Constant time simulations of the basic RMBM by MASC and vice versa are obtained. Simulations of the segmenting RMBM, fusing RMBM, and extended RMBM by MASC in non-constant time are also discussed. By taking advantage of previously established relationships between RMBM and two other popular parallel computational models, namely, the Reconfigurable Mesh (RM) and the Parallel Random Access Machine (PRAM), we extend our simulation results to further categorize the power of the MASC model in relation to RM and PRAM.
A naturalistic study of the relationship between self-harm behaviors and Axis I diagnostic groupings among inpatients

Self-harm behavior is relatively common among psychiatric patients, but few studies have examined such behavior in the context of Axis I diagnoses. In this study among 110 psychiatric inpatients, we examined clinical psychiatric diagnoses and surveyed participants for self-harm behaviors. Surprisingly, using five diagnostic groupings, there were no between-group differences in the endorsement of individual, total number of, or high-lethal self-harm behaviors. Our results suggest that the number and character of self-harm behaviors does not relate to psychiatric diagnosis among psychiatric inpatients.
Targeting epitopes in prostate-specific membrane antigen for antibody therapy of prostate cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a target for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. It has been shown that antibodies against PSMA inhibited the in vivo growth of LNCaP tumor. In the present study, monoclonal antibodies against four epitopes in PSMA were raised. MAb 24.4E6 (IgG1), specific for the epitope (residues 638–657) in PSMA, significantly reduced the growth rate of established LNCaP tumor in SCID mice. Mouse IgG was detected in the tumor of mice treated with 24.4E6, but not with an unrelated MAb. These results suggest that this epitope may be the main target in PSMA for antibody therapy of prostate cancer.
Inversion of gravity data for base salt

Summary We develop an algorithm for inverting gravity data to construct estimates of the base of salt and investigate the sensitivity of the recovered model to four different sources of errors. The inversion algorithm is based on the approach of Tikhonov regularization.The prior information is typically shape and depth of the top salt and of a known part of base salt from seismic image. The error in such prior information governs the reliability of the recovered base of salt. It is therefore important to understand the influencing factors of the inversion: (1) input gravity data, (2) top of salt, (3) known part of the base salt, and (4) the background density profile. We use a synthetic model to illustrate the algorithm and find that the recovered model can be a good representation of the true model in the absence of errors. Moderate perturbation in any of these four factors could lead to large errors in the recovered model, leaving open the question as when gravity data can aid in improving the image of base salt.