cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Supplemental Tallow on Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Diets with Different Corn Silage:Alfalfa Silage Ratios

A study was conducted to investigate the response to supplemental tallow of lactating cows fed basal diets with different alfalfa silage:corn silage ratios. We postulated that supplemental tallow will have decreasing negative effects on rumen fermentation, dry matter in-take (DMI), and milk fat percentage as the dietary ratio of alfalfa silage:corn silage is increased. Eighteen Holstein cows averaging 134 ± 14 d in milk were used in a replicated 6 × 6 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with 0 or 2% tallow (DM basis) and three forage treatments: 1) 50% of diet DM as corn silage, 2) 37.5% corn silage and 12.5% alfalfa silage, and 3) 25% corn silage and 25% alfalfa silage. Cows were allowed ad libitum consumption of a total mixed ration. Diets were formulated to contain 18% crude protein and 32% neutral detergent fiber. No fat × forage treatment interactions were observed. Fat supplemented cows had lower DMI and produced more milk with less milk fat content relative to non-supplemented cows. Concentration of trans-octadecenoic acids was higher in milk fat of tallow-supplemented cows. Tallow supplementation had no effect on ruminal pH and acetate:propionate ratio, but tended to decrease total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen. Increasing the proportion of alfalfa silage increased DMI, milk fat percentage, and milk fat yield regardless of the fat content of the diet. Total VFA concentration and acetate:propionate ratio in the rumen were increased in response to higher levels of alfalfa in the diets. These results suggest that replacing corn silage with alfalfa silage did not alleviate the negative response of dairy cows to tallow supplementation at 2% of diet DM.
Real-time NMR monitoring of intermediates and labile products of the bifunctional enzyme UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase

The conversion of UDP-alpha-d-glucuronic acid to UDP-alpha-d-xylose and UDP-alpha-d-apiose by a bifunctional potato enzyme UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase was studied using real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. UDP-alpha-d-glucuronic acid is converted via the intermediate uridine 5'-beta-l-threo-pentapyranosyl-4''-ulose diphosphate to UDP-alpha-d-apiose and simultaneously to UDP-alpha-d-xylose. The UDP-alpha-d-apiose that is formed is unstable and is converted to alpha-d-apio-furanosyl-1,2-cyclic phosphate and UMP. High-resolution real-time NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the direct and quantitative characterization of previously undetected transient and labile components formed during a complex enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Bolt: on-demand infinite loop escape in unmodified binaries

We present Bolt, a novel system for escaping from infinite and long-running loops. Directed by a user, Bolt can attach to a running process and determine if the program is executing an infinite loop. If so, Bolt can deploy multiple strategies to escape the loop, restore the responsiveness of the program, and enable the program to deliver useful output.Bolt operates on stripped x86 and x64 binaries, dynamically attaches and detaches to and from the program as needed, and dynamically detects loops and creates program state checkpoints to enable exploration of different escape strategies. Bolt can detect and escape from loops in off-the-shelf software, without available source code, and with no overhead in standard production use.
Direct Reading Particle Counters: Calibration Verification and Multiple Instrument Agreement via Bump Testing

The calibration records of two direct reading instruments designated as condensation particle counters were examined to determine the number of times they were found to be out of tolerance at annual manufacturer's recalibration. Both instruments were found to be out of tolerance more times than within tolerance. And, it was concluded that annual calibration alone was insufficient to provide operational confidence in an instrument's response. Therefore, a method based on subsequent agreement with data gathered from a newly calibrated instrument was developed to confirm operational readiness between annual calibrations, hereafter referred to as bump testing. The method consists of measuring source particles produced by a gas grille spark igniter in a gallon-size jar. Sampling from this chamber with a newly calibrated instrument to determine the calibrated response over the particle concentration range of interest serves as a reference. Agreement between this reference response and subsequent responses at la...
Effects of rehydration on Tb3+ spectroscopy in sol–gel glasses

Abstract Spectroscopy of sol–gel silicate glasses containing Tb3+ is used to investigate the diffusion of water from the atmosphere into annealed glass samples. In materials that are annealed to 900 °C the blue–violet 5D3 → 7FJ fluorescence is comparable in intensity to green emission from the 5D4 level. However, the 5D3 emission is reduced to ∼5% of its original strength in several hours if glasses are exposed to ambient conditions. Re-annealing restores the original intensity of the 5D3 fluorescence. The degree of fluorescence quenching is shown to depend strongly on initial preparation of the sol–gel materials and on annealing conditions.
Pattern of Differential Divergence Among Five Insular Species of the Aspidoscelis hyperythra Complex (Squamata: Teiidae), Baja California Sur, Mexico

Abstract The most recent taxonomic revision of the Aspidoscelis hyperythra complex of teiid lizards from Baja California referred all peninsular populations to A. hyperythra and recognized five insular populations as species based on their diagnosability and allopatric distributions. We used multivariate analyses of seven quantitative morphological characters to determine relative distinctiveness and divergence among these populations and the four geographically closest peninsular populations of A. hyperythra. The two northernmost insular species, Aspidoscelis picta (Isla Monserrate) and Aspidoscelis carmenensis (Isla Carmen) were significantly more divergent than were Aspidoscelis danheimae (Isla San Jose), Aspidoscelis franciscensis (Isla San Francisco), Aspidoscelis espiritensis (Islas Espiritu Santo and Partida Sur), and peninsular samples of A. hyperythra. Divergence information from mtDNA sequence variation divided the five insular species into the same high-divergence/low-divergence groups. We pres...
Open Repair of Chronic Aortic Dissections Using Deep Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest

Background There has been great enthusiasm for thoracic endograft repair of chronic thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic dissection (ChAD) given the low operative morbidity and mortality. However long-term results are unknown and early reintervention is common. This study examines the early and late results of open repair of ChAD using deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest (DHCA). Methods From January 1995 to December 2009, 343 patients had open repair of descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aneurysms using DHCA. Of these individuals, 93 patients had open repair of ChAD with DHCA. All patients undergoing elective procedures underwent preoperative cardiac catheterization. Lumbar drains were not placed preoperatively. Visceral or renal artery bypass was performed in 20% of patients. Supraaortic branches were bypassed in 14% of patients. Results Mean age was 60 ± 14 years. Men composed 77% of the cohort. Aortic replacement encompassed the descending aorta in 29% of patients, type I thoracoabdominal repair was performed in 25% of patients, type II thoracoabdominal repair was performed in 40% of patients, and arch replacement was performed in 24% of patients. Operative mortality was 2.2%, renal failure requiring dialysis was 0%, paralysis occurred in 1.1% of patients, stroke occurred in 1.1% of patients, prolonged intubation was needed in 9.7% of patients, and tracheostomy was needed in 2.2% of patients. Postoperative length of stay was 10.5 ± 7.6 days. One-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 93%, 90%, 79%, and 61%, respectively. Reintervention was necessary in 2.2% of patients for graft infection, in 2.2% of patients for anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, and in 4.4% of patients for growth of a distal aortic aneurysm. Conclusions Open repair of ChAD with DHCA has low operative morbidity and mortality. Long-term survival is very good with low rates of reintervention. Endovascular repair of ChAD does not have proven short- or long-term efficacy.
Low complexity, high performance and bandwidth efficient concatenated coded 8-PSK schemes for reliable data communications

Nested concatenated coded 8-PSK modulation schemes are proposed to achieve good error performance, large coding gains, and high spectral efficiency with reduced decoding complexity. In the proposed schemes, Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, including the NASA standard (255, 223) RS code, are used as the outer codes and multidimensional trellis 8-PSK codes are used as the inner codes. The inner codes are constructed from convolutional codes with good free branch distances and multidimensional 8-PSK coset codes through concatenation. These schemes are analyzed and upper bounds on their error performances are derived. Analytical and simulation results show that these schemes achieve large coding gains over uncoded reference systems for bit-error-rates below 10/sup -3/, with reduced decoding complexity. >
Probable Errors in Width Distributions of Sea Ice Leads Measured Along a Transect

The degree of error expected in the measurement of widths of sea ice leads along a single transect are examined in a probabilistic sense under assumed orientation and width distributions, where both isotropic and anisotropic lead orientations are examined. Methods are developed for estimating the distribution of 'actual' widths (measured perpendicular to the local lead orientation) knowing the 'apparent' width distribution (measured along the transect), and vice versa. The distribution of errors, defined as the difference between the actual and apparent lead width, can be estimated from the two width distributions, and all moments of this distribution can be determined. The problem is illustrated with Landsat imagery and the procedure is applied to a submarine sonar transect. Results are determined for a range of geometries, and indicate the importance of orientation information if data sampled along a transect are to be used for the description of lead geometries. While the application here is to sea ice leads, the methodology can be applied to measurements of any linear feature.
Arithmetic encoding for memristive multi-bit storage

Memristive memories have received significant interest for application to on-chip storage. A multi-bit memristive memory circuit architecture based on arithmetic coding is presented in this paper. Both read and write circuits are presented which encode information into the memristive data cells. The proposed circuits provide fine control of the resistance within the memristor. The continuous resistance characteristic of memristive devices is exploited to provide additional storage by utilizing compression techniques. This approach yields an increase in overall bit density for a memristor based data array as compared to a standard multi-bit cell array.
LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY2 acts together with LEAFY to activate APETALA1

The switch from producing vegetative structures (branches and leaves) to producing reproductive structures (flowers) is a crucial developmental transition that significantly affects the reproductive success of flowering plants. In Arabidopsis, this transition is in large part controlled by the meristem identity regulator LEAFY (LFY). The molecular mechanisms by which LFY orchestrates a precise and robust switch to flower formation is not well understood. Here, we show that the direct LFY target LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY2 (LMI2) has a role in the meristem identity transition. Like LFY, LMI2 activates AP1 directly; moreover, LMI2 and LFY interact physically. LFY, LMI2 and AP1 are connected in a feed-forward and positive feedback loop network. We propose that these intricate regulatory interactions not only direct the precision of this crucial developmental transition in rapidly changing environmental conditions, but also contribute to its robustness and irreversibility.
An Exceptional Sector for F-theory GUTs

D3-branes are often a necessary ingredient in global compactifications of F-theory. In minimal realizations of flavor hierarchies in F-theory GUT models, suitable fluxes are turned on, which in turn attract D3-branes to the Yukawa points. Of particular importance are ``E-type'' Yukawa points, as they are required to realize a large top quark mass. In this paper we study the worldvolume theory of a D3-brane probing such an E-point. D3-brane probes of isolated exceptional singularities lead to strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=2$ conformal field theories (CFTs) of the type found by Minahan and Nemeschansky. We show that the local data of an E-point probe theory determine an $\mathcal{N}=1$ deformation of the original $\mathcal{N}=2$ theory which couples this strongly interacting CFT to a free hypermultiplet. Monodromy in the seven-brane configuration translates to a novel class of deformations of the CFT. We study how the probe theory couples to the standard model, determining the most relevant F-term couplings, the effect of the probe on the running of the standard model gauge couplings, as well as possible sources of kinetic mixing with the standard mModel.
RHIC power supplies-failure statistics for runs 4, 5 and 6

The two rings in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) require a total of 933 power supplies to supply current to highly inductive superconducting magnets. Failure statistics for the RHIC power supplies will be presented for the last three RHIC runs. The failures of the power supplies will be analyzed. The statistics associated with the power supply failures will be presented. Comparisons of the failure statistics for the last three RHIC runs will be shown. Improvements that have increased power supply availability will be discussed. Further improvements to increase the availability of the power supplies will also be discussed.
Device control using gestures sensed from EMG

In this paper, we present neuro-electric interfaces for virtual device control. The examples presented rely upon sampling electromyogram data from a participant's forearm. This data is then set into pattern recognition software that had been trained to distinguish gestures from a given gesture set. The pattern recognition software consists of hidden Markov models, which are used to recognize the gestures as they are being performed in real-time. two experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of this interface technology. The first replicate a virtual joystick interface and the second replicated a keyboard.
NO2-induced expression of specific protein kinase C isoforms and generation of phosphatidylcholine-derived diacylglycerol in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells

The present study examines whether nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-induced activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is associated with increased expression of specific PKC isoforms and/or with enhanced generation of phosphatidylcholine(PC)-derived diacylglycerol (DAG) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). Western blot analysis revealed that exposure to 5 ppm NO2 resulted in increased expression of PKC α and e isoforms in both cytosol and membrane fractions in a time-dependent fashion compared with controls. A time-dependent elevated expression of PKC isoform β was observed in the cytosol fraction only of NO2-exposed cells. PKC isoform λ was not detectable in either the cytosolic or membrane fractions from control or NO2-exposed cells. Scatchard analysis of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding showed that exposure to NO2 for 24 h increased the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) from 15.2±2.3 pmollmg (control) to 42.3±5.3 pmol/mg (p < 0.01, n = 4) (NO2-exposed). Exposure to NO2 significantly increased PC specific-phospholipase C and phospholipase D activities in the plasma membrane of PAEC (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). When [3H]myristic acid-labeled cells were exposed to NO2, significantly increased radioactivity was associated with cellular DAG. These results show for the first time that exposure of PAEC to NO2 results in elevated expression of specific PKC isoforms and in enhanced generation of cellular DAG, and the latter appears to arise largely from the hydrolysis of plasma membrane PC.
Relationship of Gender and Smoking History in the Development of Hypothyroidism From Exposure to External Beam Radiation for Head and Neck Cancers.

Background: Patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs) are often treated with external beam radiation therapy (XRT). Unfortunately this therapy is not without its unintended consequences. One of these side effects includes the development of radiation-induced hypothyroidism. Our study is designed to pay special attention to variables like gender and smoking history and analyze their relationship with the development of hypothyroidism. Methods: Patients’ charts were reviewed over a period of 13 years from January 1, 2000 to November 30, 2013 to gather information on patients who had previously received XRTs for HNCs. We used the Tumor Registry Database at the University of Florida, College of Medicine in Jacksonville for this retrospective review. Patient characteristics were examined including age, gender, race/ethnicity and smoking history. Special attention was paid to the development of hypothyroidism (thyroid stimulating hormones > 5.0 with appropriate decrease in free serum T4) levels after exposure to XRT for HNCs. Results were then analyzed using the univariate statistical analysis which was done using the SAS software using a 0.05 alpha level of significance expressed in terms of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We found a total of 1,116 patients in our database who have received XRTs for HNCs. Out of these 72 (6.45%) patients developed hypothyroidism. Out of 263 African American patients 20 (7.6%) had hypothyroidism, whereas 49 (6%) out of 819 white people had this outcome. As for gender 32 out of 341 females (9.4%) and 40 out of 775 males had hypothyroidism. Thirty-five out of 544 (6.4%) with no family history and 19 (2.4%) out of 205 (9.3%) with positive family history for cancer had the outcome too. Finally 43 (6.5%) out of 664 smokers and 17 (8.3%) out of 206 non-smokers were found to develop hypothyroid as well. Both groups were found to have homogenous average age at diagnosis. When the univariate analysis was conducted, the strongest predicting variable was gender as hypothyroid patients were 1.90 (95% CI 1.17 - 3.09) times more likely to be females, and these results were statistically significant with P value of 0.008. More patients tended to be African Americans with OR 1.21 (CI 0.822 - 1.78), had positive family history of cancer (negative family history had OR 0.67 (CI 0.38 - 1.21), and less likely to be smokers (OR 0.77 (0.43 - 1.38). However, race, family history of cancer and smoking history did not achieve any statistical significance as evident by the P values. World J Oncol. 2014;5(3):113-117 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjon835w
The Climatic Amelioration in Southern California: 1955 to 1960

Abstract Climatic variations influential in modifying the Southern California sea are considered in relation to the strong warming trend observed from 1956 to 1959 both for surface-water temperatures and for air temperatures at coastal stations. Although the rise in air temperatures might commonly be attributed to warmer water, it is concluded in this case that the higher temperatures in both media resulted from the same changes in general circulation pattern.
Repairing Engineering Students’ Misconceptions About Energy and Thermodynamics

The concept of “energy” is central to the discipline of engineering; design of systems from heart valves to aircraft carriers relies in significant part on manipulation of energy to the engineer’s ends. Undergraduate engineering students encounter energy and energy-related concepts in a number of courses throughout their curricula in preparation for designing such systems in their careers. To work successfully with energy, engineering students need to understand the impacts of the allied concepts of the second law, internal energy and enthalpy, the distinction between energy and temperature, and the distinction between rate and amount of energy transfer. Students who demonstrate computational faculty with these areas may still exhibit significant misunderstandings about the underlying concepts when asked purely conceptual questions. Misunderstanding of energy related concepts will hinder students’ ability to correctly address problems at an expert level. Further, accurate conceptual understanding is key to sharing their work with the broader public. Understanding energy related concepts more accurately will enable broader society to make better choices about technology, energy conservation, and investment of resources. While standard lecture courses do little to reverse misconceptions in this and other areas, active engagement methods show significant promise for improving students’ understanding. We describe one approach, inquiry-based activities, that has shown promise in long-term repair of engineering students’ misconceptions in energy-related areas.
Contraction of weak polyelectrolyte multilayers in response to organic solvents

Weak polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly technique have recently been found to demonstrate a unique contraction upon exposure to organic solvents. This response is dependent upon which organic solvent is employed, and fundamental questions have not been clarified regarding the correlation of the magnitude of the film contraction with solvent type. In this work, we used solubility parameters to analyze the response of branched poly(ethylene imine)/poly(acrylic acid) (BPEI/PAA) multilayers when exposed to a variety of solvents. BPEI/PAA multilayers were immersed in a series of 16 different organic solvents and solvent mixtures. Immersion in organic solvent caused film dehydration and therefore contraction and also induced changes in the mechanical properties of PEMs. The film thickness was the best predictor of how a film swelled in water or contracted in organic solvent when using different batches of commercially available polyelectrolytes, rather than polyelectrolyte assembly pH conditions. The degree of film contraction was correlated with Hansen and Kamlet-Taft solubility parameters as well as solvent dielectric constant. In most cases, the hydrogen bonding ability of solvents is the primary factor to determine the magnitude of film contraction. For these solvents, increasing the temperature which corresponds to decreasing the strength of hydrogen bonding, also decreases the ability to dehydrate the films. For solvents that do not follow these trends with the strength of hydrogen bonding, a stronger correlation was found between contraction and dielectric constant, indicating that both traditional solvent quality arguments and electrostatics are important to understanding the contraction of PEMs in organic solvents.
Intake and digestibility by wethers as influenced by forage morphology at three levels of forage offering.

Animals on pasture do not always have the opportunity for ad libitum consumption. Our objectives were to determine effects of intake level on digestibility of 12 grass hays, and to relate differences in intake and digestibility to proportions of leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem. In each of two periods, 24 wethers were offered one of 12 hays at three consecutive levels of feeding: (L1) ad libitum, allowing 15% refusal; (L2) restricted to 100% of hay consumed ad libitum by individual wether during L1; and (L3) 1.8% of BW on a DM basis. Hays offered included two sorghum-sudan, four barley, four oat and two pearl millet. Hays were similar in NDF concentration but differed in morphological composition Organic matter intake averaged 1.99 +/- .04, 1.79 +/- .04 and 1.52 +/- .01% of BW for L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Organic matter digestibilities averaged 71.8 +/- .55 72.4 +/- .60 and 72.3 +/- .65% for L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Intake SEM within hays were lower with restricted intakes (L3), whereas the opposite was observed for the SEM for digestibility. Forage morphological composition within feeding level influenced intake and digestibility by altering diet selection capabilities of wethers. Wethers did not consume equal NDF amounts, ranging form .95 to 1.47% of BW, because hays differed in morphological composition. Ash-free ADF and 72% sulfuric acid lignin were higher (P less than .01) in stem than in blade or sheath. In vivo digestibilities measured under restricted feeding conditions were related more closely (P less than .05) to in vitro estimates of digestibility than were digestibilities measured under ad libitum conditions (r = .72, .79 and .85 for L1, L2 and L3, respectively). This study demonstrates that variation in morphological characteristics of forages may account for part of the difference in voluntary intake of forages of similar chemical composition. New knowledge in this area will be valuable in developing improved forage quality prediction procedures.
A doubly articulated cartography of children and media as affective networks-at-play

With increasing concerns surrounding children's agency and questions of the impacts of globalizing media, it is imperative to critically explore how interactions with media objects become part of children's social lives. Working through Deleuzian-Guattarian ideas of what bodies are and do, we approach child–media interactions as horizontal components of becoming. Through this, we argue that media objects can be important social elements of the emergent nature of ‘affective networks-at-play’ and illustrate this by creatively working through two narratives of media object relations: one, drawn from the actions of Tomohiro Kato on 8 June 2008 in Tokyo, Japan; the other, of a child named Juana and her interactions with the Latin American version of the Disney educational show Manny a la Obra (Handy Manny). In engaging child–media relationships as mutual and affirmative elements in becoming, we challenge strict dichotomous understandings of children and adults while addressing debates surrounding children's ag...
New Hydridic Rare Earth Compounds

Modern textbooks dealing with the chemistry of the lanthanide elements state that the elemental lanthanides, with a few exceptions, dissolve in dilute aqueous acids with the formation of the trivalent lanthanide cation and hydrogen gas. One exception that has been reported is the red coloration imparted to dilute hydrochloric acid solutions containing a chip of dissolving samarium metal. This red coloration has been attributed to the divalent samarium cation. But careful observation of specimens of elemental lanthanides actually being dissolved in dilute acids may show unexpected results. For example, a faint brown coloration can sometimes be observed above a similarly dissolving chip of neodymium metal. There is nothing in the reported chemistry of neodymium that indicates a brown coloration under such circumstances, and the possibility of the formation of divalent neodymium cations is suggested by analogy. Also by analogy, the rapid disappearance of the brown coloration further suggests oxidation of the supposed divalent neodymium cations by hydrogen ions. To diminish the speed of the supposed oxidation reaction, the dissolution experiment may be repeated in a solution with a diminished concentration of hydrogen ions, as in a solution of a weak acid.
Clinical and Molecular Characterization of ALG1-CDG

Investigators from the Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California and a large study group utilized a combination of exome sequencing, targeted gene panels, and Sanger sequencing to identify thirty-one pathogenic variants in thirty-nine affected individuals with ALG1-CDG from 32 families.
Tetramethylrhodamine as immunohistochemical fluorescent label in the study of chronic thyroiditis.

Summary1) A new fluorescent label, tetramethylrhodamine isocyanate, is described and its use demonstrated in the immunohistochemical fluorescence technic. The label fluoresces orange and is of particular value for staining tissues which show a green auto-fluorescence similar to fluorescein fluorescence even when unstained. 2) Serum from a patient with chronic thyroiditis combined with normal thyroid tissue in the colloid region and perhaps in the glandular epithelium, while normal human serum showed no such staining. Thyroid from a patient with chronic thyroiditis, infiltrated with lymphocytic cells, was stained by rabbit antibody to human globulin in the region occupied by the infiltrating cells. Normal lymph node showed no such staining. This indicates that the infiltrating cells contained human globulin and may have been important in the destruction of the thyroid during the course of the disease.
The theory of APL.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with reciprocal and balanced chromosomal translocations always involving the Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha (RARalpha) gene on chromosome 17 and variable partner genes (X genes) on distinct chromosomes. RARalpha fuses to the PML gene in the vast majority of APL cases, and in a few cases to the PLZF, NPM, NuMA and STAT5b genes. As a consequence, X-RARalpha and RARalpha-X fusion genes are generated encoding aberrant fusion proteins that can interfere with X and/or RARalpha function. Here we will review the relevant conclusions and the open questions that stem from a decade of in vivo analysis of APL pathogenesis in the mouse in transgenic and knock-out models.
Using Scaling to Facilitate Ethical Decision-Making in Family Therapy

ABSTRACTEthical decision-making in family therapy is inherently complex, as it requires therapists to balance competing needs of multiple individuals and subsystems. Scaling offers a potential means of helping facilitate such decision-making, by encouraging attendance to the likely impact of various courses of action on individuals and subsystems as related to each of the core ethical principles underlying psychotherapeutic practice. This article explores the potential use of scaling in family therapists’ ethical decision-making through case examples. Benefits and risks of such an approach are reviewed.
Predicting real-time adaptive performance in a dynamic decision-making context

Individuals in organizations must frequently enact a series of ongoing decisions in real-time dynamic contexts. Despite the increasing need for individuals to manage dynamic decision-making demands, we still understand little about individual differences impacting performance in these environments. This paper proposes a new construct applicable to adaptation in such real-time dynamic environments. Cognitive agility is a formative construct measuring the individual capacity to exhibit cognitive flexibility, cognitive openness and focused attention. This study predicts that cognitive agility will impact adaptive performance in a real-time dynamic decision-making microworld computer game called the Networked Fire Chief; a simulation developed to study and train Australian fire fighters. Cognitive agility, operationalized through three distinct methods (performance measures, self-reports and external-rater reports), explained unique variance beyond measures of general intelligence on the total score of adaptive performance in the microworld.
Efficient gene transfer into human cord blood CD34+ cells and the CD34+CD38- subset using highly purified recombinant adeno-associated viral vector preparations that are free of helper virus and wild-type AAV.

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been evaluated for their ability to transduce primitive hematopoietic cells. Early studies documented rAAV-mediated gene expression during progenitor derived colony formation in vitro, but studies examining genome integration and long-term gene expression in hematopoietic cells have yielded conflicting results. Such studies were performed with crude vector preparations. Using improved methodology, we have generated high titer, biologically active preparations of rAAV free of wild-type AAV (less than 1/107particles) and adenovirus. Transduction of CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood was evaluated with a bicistronic rAAV vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a trimetrexate resistant variant of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Freshly isolated, quiescent CD34+ cells were resistant to transduction (less than 4%), but transduction increased to 23 ± 2% after 2 days of cytokine stimulation and was further augmented by addition of tumor necrosis factor α (51 ± 4%) at a multiplicity of infection of 106. rAAV-mediated gene expression was transient in that progenitor derived colony formation was inhibited by trimetrexate. Primitive CD34+ and CD34+, CD38− subsets were sequentially transduced with a rAAV vector encoding the murine ecotropic receptor followed by transduction with an ecotropic retroviral vector encoding GFP and DHFR. Under optimal conditions 41 ± 7% of CD34+ progenitors and 21 ± 6% of CD34+, CD38− progenitors became trimetrexate resistant. These results document that highly purified rAAV transduce primitive human hematopoietic cells efficiently but gene expression appears to be transient.
A hands-on approach to the teaching of electronic communications using GNU radio companion and the universal software radio peripheral

Because of their flexibility, software defined radios not only provide a convenient platform for advanced research on electronic communications, they serve to be superb tools for the teaching of it as well. Designed and manufactured by Ettus Research, a subsidiary of National Instruments, the universal software radio peripheral (USRP) is a popular hardware platform for software defined radios. Along with USRP, Ettus Research also developed the GNU Radio Companion (GRC), a graphical programming environment that can be used to program the USRPs. In this paper, we describe an experimental project on hands-on approach to the teaching of communications system at the undergraduate level using GRC and USRP in the Department of Physics and Engineering Technology at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania. In spring and summer of 2015, a group of four undergraduate students with no previous exposure to electronic communications were chosen to take part in the project. The main purpose of this effort is to improve the abstract thinking ability and hands-on skills of the students and to keep the students abreast with the state-of-the-art technologies at Bloomsburg University. Student feedbacks will be used to justify the success of this new approach.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and preventive strategy of measles in sanmenxia city in 2004-2009

Objective: To understand the epidemic features of measles and the progress of measles control in Sanmenxia and provide scientific evidence for measles control.Methods: Data on measles epidemiological characteristics and controlling strategy in Sanmenxia from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results: 1613 measles patients were reported from 2004 to 2009 in Sanmenxia and the average incidence was 14.35 per 100 000 PY.The proportion of patients under 1 year old increased gradually from 0% in 2004 to 42.60% in 2009.However,the proportion of patients of 15 year and older decreased slowly from 2004 to 2009,the proportion were 28.57%,15.55%,16.17%,14.81%,13.45% and 15.20%,respectively.Conclusion: The temporal distribution characteristic of measles epidemic in Sanmenxia is consistent with the whole nation.
Dysontogenetic mixed tumors of the vagina: With report of a case of sarcoma botryoides

Abstract A case of sarcoma botryoides (rhabdomyosarcoma) of the vagina is reported in a 22-month-old child, and a review of the literature is given, and the etiology, nomenclature, etc., are considered. Much confusion exists as to etiology and nomenclature and McFarland's work has done much to clarify the situation. These tumors are rare, many frequently occur in early life, and are almost invariably fatal in a relatively short time, as all the potentially malignant, and most of them actively so. This class of tumor is thought to be relatively resistant to irradiation, although one case was apparently cured by implantation of radium needles. Surgical extirpation is followed by rapid recurrence as a rule.
Rhetoric and the origins of the human sciences: A Foucauldian tale untold

ABSTRACTMichel Foucault’s famous history of the human sciences focused on “the order of things” and in doing so it overwhelmed a rhetorical perspective that can track the arts of moving souls: pedagogy, politics, and psychology. If we revisit Foucault from a rhetorical perspective there are consequences: (1) at the level of architectonic, we rediscover rhetoric’s role at the inception of the human sciences, and (2) at the level of thematic, we can make better sense of rhetorical phenomena such as the sixteenth-/seventeenth-century sacred arts of listening, which feature a “public ear.” Foucault’s late interest in the pastoral picks up this rhetorical thread, although he never was able to revise the disciplinary and biopolitical history implicated therein. This article initiates just such a revision, paying particular attention to historiographic questions, and to recent discussions of biopower that wind up looking very different from this rhetorical perspective.
Multiscale lattice Boltzmann modeling of two-phase flow and retention times in micro-patterned fluidic devices

Abstract Recent advances for fabricating micro-featured architectures such as posts or pillars in fluidic devices provide exciting opportunities for multiphase flow management. Here we describe a novel, multiscale modeling approach for two-phase flows in microfeatured architectures developed within the Shan and Chen Lattice Boltzmann method. In our approach a fine scale is used to resolve the true microfeatured architecture, with a coarser scale used to model the gross geometry of the device. We develop the basic features of the approach and demonstrate its applicability to modeling retention times of droplets of a dispersed phase in an array of microposts – an architecture used in microfluidic reactors, bioreactors, and biomedical devises. Additionally we show that it is feasible to model the microfeatured geometry in a piecewise manner which includes extrapolating dispersed phase flow characteristics in the entire system based on simulations in smaller subdomains.
Long-Term Behavioral Outcomes in Sexually Abused Boys: The Influence of Family and Peer Context

Sexual abuse of males is common. While a wide body of literature examines the behavioral, emotional, and social consequences associated with being sexually abused, comparatively few studies have fo...
Abstract 291: In Situ Re-endothelialization via Multifunctional Nanoscaffolds

The endothelium monolayer lining in the luminal side of blood vessels provides critical anti-thrombotic activities. Damage to these cells will expose a highly thrombogenic subendothelium that stimulates thrombosis. Standing on the concept of tissue engineering and ligand-receptor targeting strategy, we developed a novel biodegradable urethane-doped polyester (UPE) multifunctional targeting nanoparticle (MTN) scaffold system with dual ligands: 1) GP1b-α to target the injured arterial endothelium and subendothelium and 2) anti-CD34 antibodies to capture endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for endothelium regeneration. The fabricated spherical MTNs of 400 nm were shown to be biocompatible and hemocompatible. Both the in vitro and ex vivo targeting of these nanoscaffolds not only showed improved binding efficiency of MTNs onto the von Willebrand Factor (vWF) coated surfaces presented as the injured arterial walls, but also outperformed platelets for binding onto these injured sites. Our in vivo study further showed 57% neointimal hyperplasia suppression and a 70% increase in endothelium regeneration within 21 days after delivering of MTNs upon vascular injury. These results indicate that our injectable MTN nanoscaffolds show a potential non-invasive way for endothelium regeneration in situ .
Mapping Superpositionality in Global Ethnography

Science studies scholars often study up to high-tech elites who produce and design scientific knowledge and technology. Methodological tension begins when you pair a desire to study down to less ec...
When the Damage Is Done: Selecting Patients for Head and Neck Cancer Chemoprevention Trials

See related article by Khariwala et al., p. 507 Among the 600,000 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) expected worldwide in 2017, the substantial majority is caused by environmental rather than viral carcinogenesis ([1][1]). Half of attributable environmental risk can be
Lettuce Plants Expressing High Levels of Factor VIII Antigen in the Chloroplast for Oral Tolerance in Hemophilia a

Abstract Inhibitor formation is a serious complication in factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy for the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia A and occurs in 20-30% of patients. No prophylactic tolerance protocols exist. In previous proof-of-principle work, we demonstrated oral tolerance induction to FVIII in hemophilia A mice using frozen tobacco leaf cells expressing the heavy chain (HC) and C2 domain of human B domain-deleted (BDD) FVIII (Blood 124:1659-68, 2014). This approach is based on expression of heterologous proteins in the chloroplasts of green leaves and natural bioencapsulation provided by plant cell wall, so that the antigen is protected until its release in the small intestine. The antigens are expressed as fusions with the transmucosal carrier CTB proteins for effective targeting of the gut epithelium and translocation to the immune system. However, significant hurdles toward clinical feasibility remained that we now successfully addressed. Until now, methods to express large human proteins in chloroplasts of edible crop plants did not exist. Building on our recently established gene transfer technology for lettuce chloroplasts and identification of powerful posttranscriptional regulatory elements, we focused on the development of chloroplast genomics tools (e.g. bioinformatics tools for codon optimization and assays that identify sites of ribosome stalling), which ultimately allowed us to express high levels of FVIII antigen in edible crop plants that are suitable for clinical application. Remarkably, codon-optimization improved expression of FVIII heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) by15- to 42-fold. Hence, the entire BDD-FVIII sequence can be orally delivered, thereby covering the entire patient population regardless of individual CD4+ T cell epitope usage. A clinical grade manufacturing process is in place, and lyophilization of leaf cells generates material that is stable at ambient temperature for at least 2 years. Testing in hemophilia A mice showed effectiveness of low FVIII antigen doses upon delivery of lyophilized lettuce cells. Repeated oral gavage (twice/week for 2 months) of a mixture of CTB-HC and CTB-C2 suppressed subsequent inhibitor formation against intravenous FVIII (1IU, once/ week for 4 weeks) in hemophilia A mice as well as the original tobacco material, using very low doses of 0.15-0.5 ug/antigen/mouse. When using CTB-HC/CTB-LC combination, a dose of 1.5 ug was most optimal and suppressed inhibitor titers by ~1 log (avg. 4.7 BU/ml vs 44 BU/ml in controls; 50% of tolerized mice had 0-3 BU/ml, while 86% of controls developed 6-126 BU/ml, n=12-14, P Disclosures Herzog: Novo Nordisk: Research Funding; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation: Consultancy; Spark Therapeutics: Patents & Royalties. Daniell: Novo Nordisk: Research Funding.
Comparing Student and Clerkship Director Perspectives About Readiness to Perform the Core Entrustable Professional Activities at the Start of the Clerkship Curriculum

Medical students entering the clerkship phase of the curriculum and clerkship directors were surveyed at the start of the clerkship year to assess perspectives related to the level of supervision required by students to perform the Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Entering Residency. In aggregate, students reported readiness to perform tasks with lower levels of supervision than the clerkship directors did. For eight of the core EPAs, there was a statistically significant difference in their perspectives. These results illustrate an important gap related to expectations for performance that could impact implementation of a trust-based assessment program.
K$^-$-proton scattering and the $Λ(1405)$ in dense matter

Abstract The scattering of antikaons with nucleons is studied in the nuclear environment. Describing the Λ (1405) as a K − -proton bound state, we find that the mass of the Λ (1405) is shifted upwards in energy due to the Pauli blocking of intermediate states. The nuclear environment causes the s-wave K − -nucleon scattering length to become attractive at subsaturation densities and produces a mean field potential for the K − of about ∼ −100 MeV at nuclear matter density. Consequences for heavy ion collisions and possible experimental checks for the structure of the Λ (1405) are discussed.
Metabolic Conversion of Lipophilic Compounds

As discussed in the previous chapter, the conversion of lipophilic, nonpolar species to polar, water-soluble (hydrophilic) compounds is essential to facilitate their excretion from the body through urea or bile. The conversion process occurs in two separate metabolic systems: phase I metabolism and phase II metabolism. In phase I functionalization reaction, a functional polar group such as –OH or –COOH is introduced on a foreign compound to form an intermediate through oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis reaction. Functionalization modestly increases the water solubility of the parent compound, and paves the way for the next phase of metabolism.
The collaborative assessment and management of suicidality (CAMS) versus enhanced care as usual (E-CAU) with suicidal soldiers: Moderator analyses from a randomized controlled trial

Given historically high rates of suicide among military personnel over the past decade the present study analyzed whether key demographic, military, and research-based variables moderated clinical ...
Planting the Microbiome

Plant-derived microRNAs stabilized by species-specific lipid nanoparticles mediate interkingdom communication through bacterial intermediates and impact consumer health. Ingested by distinct gut bacteria, these microRNA-containing particles alter bacterial gene expression to affect host immunity. This three-kingdom interplay provides compelling approaches for health-directed dietary interventions for consumers.
Berkeley, Newton, Explanation, and Causation

Berkeley, Newton, wyjaśnianie i przyczynowośc Berkeley explicite porownuje swoje rozumienie wyjaśnienia naukowego (dotyczącego praw natury), zwlaszcza w zakresie mechaniki, astronomii i optyki, do tego, ktore przedstawil Newton. Trudnośc polega jednak na tym, ze o ile dla Newtona podstawowe prawa – na przyklad w astronomii – milcząco odwolują sie do przyczyn sprawczych (dalej: przyczyn), Berkeley dopuszcza istnienie przyczyn jedynie w metafizyce, a dokladniej w odniesieniu do pojecia woli czy tez chcenia. Obaj myśliciele rzeczywiście traktują wyjaśnienie jako dedukcje poszczegolnych generalizacji na podstawie generalizacji bardziej ogolnych, a wiec odwolują sie do nomologiczno-dedukcyjnego modelu wyjaśniania (ND). Jednakze spelnienie takich wymogow przez jakąś przykladową formule ND nie wystarcza, aby mogla ona stanowic wyjaśnienie. Opierając sie ma dwoch wspolczesnych propozycjach rozumienia wyjaśniania niekauzalnego, w niniejszym artykule sprawdzam, czy Berkeley dostrzegal ow problem. Wniosek, do ktorego dochodze, brzmi, ze zadna z tych propozycji nie ma tu zastosowania. Ostatecznie zatem nie mozna rozstrzygnąc, czy sposob, w jaki Berkeley posluguje sie modelem ND, mozna utozsamic, jak tego pragnie, z wyjaśnianiem. Glownym analizowanym przeze mnie tekstem jest De Motu (1721).