cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of endogenous antifreeze protein enhancers in the hemolymph thermal hysteresis activity of the beetle Dendroides canadensis.

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) lower the freezing point of water by a non-colligative mechanism, but do not lower the melting point, therefore producing a difference between the freezing and melting points termed thermal hysteresis. Thermal hysteresis activity (THA) of AFPs from overwintering larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis is dependent upon AFP concentration and the presence of enhancers of THA which may be either other proteins or low molecular mass enhancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of endogenous enhancers in winter D. canadensis hemolymph.Winter hemolymph collected over four successive winters (1997-1998 to 2000-2001) was tested. The first three of these winters were the warmest on record in this area, while December of the final year was the coldest on record. Protein and low molecular mass enhancers raised hemolymph THA 60-97% and 35-55%, respectively, based on hemolymph with peak THA for each year collected over the four successive winters. However, the hemolymph AFPs were not maximally enhanced since addition of the potent enhancer citrate (at non-physiologically high levels) resulted in large increases in THA. (13)NMR showed that glycerol was the only low molecular mass solute present in sufficiently high concentrations in the hemolymph to function as an enhancer. Maximum THA appears to be approximately 8.5 degrees C.
Transformation of a κ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist to a κ-Agonist by Transfer of a Guanidinium Group from the 5‘- to 6‘-Position of Naltrindole

The importance of the indole scaffold of GNTI 3 in directing its address (5'-guanidinium group) to associate with the Glu297 residue of the kappa-opioid receptor was investigated by the synthesis and biological evaluation of its 4'- (4a), 6'- (4b), and 7'- (4c) regioisomers. The finding that only the 5'-regioisomer (GNTI) possessed potent kappa-opioid antagonist activity and high affinity at kappa-receptors illustrates the importance of the 5'-position in orienting the guanidinium group to the proper recognition locus (Glu 297) for potent kappa-antagonist activity. The discovery that the 6'-regioisomer of GNTI was a potent kappa-agonist, together with the results of site-directed mutagenesis studies that are consistent with association between the 6'-guanidinium group and Glu297, suggest that the transition from an inactive to an active state of the kappa-receptor involves a conformational change of TM6. We propose that association of the 6'-guanidinium group of 4b with Glu297 promotes axial rotational motion of transmembrane helix VI which leads to receptor activation via a conformational change of inner loop 3.
VP16-213, cisplatinum, and adriamycin salvage therapy of refractory and/or recurrent nonseminomatous germ cell neoplasms.

Eleven patients with recurrent and/or resistant nonseminomatous germinal cell neoplasms refractory to conventional chemotherapy were treated with the combination VP16-213, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, and adriamycin. One complete response, four partial responses which at surgery were benign teratomas, and six partial responses have been observed. Four patients are prolonged survivors (>18 months). The possibility that this regimen may offer true salvage for refractory patients exists. Incorporation of VP16-213 into initial treatment regimens for germinal cell neoplasms is warranted.
Time constrained operation of systolic arrays

Partial results of a research project concerning the behaviour of systolic arrays as a function of the number of compute cycles are presented. The array is viewed as a device implementing families of transformations. The transformation implemented are parameterized by the compute cycle. It is shown that arrays designed for a generic algorithm representation may be efficient for special cases. Some realizations can be evaluated in a reduced number of cycles. For real-time applications, the realizations may offer distinctive advantages in throughput. The use of these fast forms in optimal filter design is described. Linear algorithms are discussed in detail. Arrays for matrix multiplication are used as architectures for the evaluation. Conditions for the existence of fast realizations are established. >
Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Is There Still a Role for Transplant?

Constant questioning of the applicability of transplant for any diagnosis is appropriate. This is particularly necessary in fields such as pediatric leukemia, in which significant progress in therapy and risk classification is being made. Outcomes with chemotherapy are constantly improving, and donor availability and transplant outcomes are also better. It is important to be aware of likely outcomes when counseling families and recommending therapy, and to consider issues of likely late side effects. Biological studies that predict prognosis, for example, array-based studies, hold hope of identifying the children destined to relapse at the outset of disease. However, a rigorous approach must be taken in determining whether transplant does improve outcome whenever this strategy is applied.
The effects of metamorphism on O and Fe isotope compositions in the Biwabik Iron Formation, northern Minnesota

The Biwabik Iron Formation of Minnesota (1.9 Ga) underwent contact metamorphism by intrusion of the Duluth Complex (1.1 Ga). Apparent quartz–magnetite oxygen isotope temperatures decrease from ∼700°C at the contact to ∼375°C at 2.6 km distance (normal to the contact in 3D). Metamorphic pigeonite at the contact, however, indicates that peak temperatures were greater than 825°C. The apparent O isotope temperatures, therefore, reflect cooling, and not peak metamorphic conditions. Magnetite was reset in δ18O as a function of grain size, indicating that isotopic exchange was controlled by diffusion of oxygen in magnetite for samples from above the grunerite isograd. Apparent quartz–magnetite O isotope temperatures are similar to calculated closure temperatures for oxygen diffusion in magnetite at a cooling rate of ∼5.6°C/kyr, which suggests that the Biwabik Iron Formation cooled from ∼825 to 400°C in ∼75 kyr at the contact with the Duluth Complex. Isotopic exchange during metamorphism also occurred for Fe, where magnetite–Fe silicate fractionations decrease with increasing metamorphic grade. Correlations between quartz–magnetite O isotope fractionations and magnetite–iron silicate Fe isotope fractionations suggest that both reflect cooling, where the closure temperature for Fe was higher than for O. The net effect of metamorphism on δ18O–δ56Fe variations in magnetite is a strong increase in δ18OMt and a mild decrease in δ56Fe with increasing metamorphic grade, relative to the isotopic compositions that are expected at the low temperatures of initial magnetite formation. If metamorphism of Iron Formations occurs in a closed system, bulk O and Fe isotope compositions may be preserved, although re-equilibration among the minerals may occur for both O and Fe isotopes.
A survey of DA techniques for PLD and FPGA based systems

Programmable logic devices (PLDs) are gaining in acceptance, of late, for designing systems of all complexities ranging from glue logic to special purpose parallel machines. Higher densities and integration levels are made possible by the new breed of complex PLDs and FPGAs. The added complexities of these devices make automatic computer aided tools indispensable for achieving good performance and a high usable gate-count. In this article, we attempt to present in an unified manner, the different tools and their underlying algorithms using an example of a vending machine controller as an illustrative example. Topics covered include logic synthesis for PLDs and FPGAs along with an in-depth survey of important technology mapping, partitioning and place and route algorithms for different FPGA architectures.
Networks in New York City Implementing the Common Core

The purpose of this paper is to report findings from an exploratory study of the early implementation of the Common Core Learning Standards in New York City by a sample of charter management organizations (CMOs) and Children First Networks (CFNs). Using the existing literature on policy implementation—specifically the concepts of boundary spanners and mutual adaptation—this research investigated the role of networks as they facilitated the implementation of the new standards. We conducted in-depth interviews with leaders in both types of networks. The interviews focused on the strategies used to implement the Common Core and the challenges faced in the process. Our findings included evidence of varying capacity among CFNs and CMOs. More decentralized networks expressed greater difficulties with the transition, and the existence of a distinct network-level department with exclusively instructional responsibilities facilitated the adoption of the standards.
Knowledge precepts for design and evaluation of information visualizations

The design and evaluation of most current information visualization systems descend from an emphasis on a user's ability to "unpack" the representations of data of interest and operate on them independently. Too often, successful decision-making and analysis are more a matter of serendipity and user experience than of intentional design and specific support for such tasks; although humans have considerable abilities in analyzing relationships from data, the utility of visualizations remains relatively variable across users, data sets, and domains. In this paper, we discuss the notion of analytic gaps, which represent obstacles faced by visualizations in facilitating higher-level analytic tasks, such as decision-making and learning. We discuss support for bridging these gaps, propose a framework for the design and evaluation of information visualization systems, and demonstrate its use.
Sexual Orientation Disclosure, Concealment, Harassment, and Military Cohesion: Perceptions of LGBT Military Veterans

From the perspective of 445 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) U.S. military veterans, the present study examined hypothesized relations of sexual orientation disclosure, concealment, a...
Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring

We provide an in-depth study of applying wireless sensor networks to real-world habitat monitoring. A set of system design requirements are developed that cover the hardware design of the nodes, the design of the sensor network, and the capabilities for remote data access and management. A system architecture is proposed to address these requirements for habitat monitoring in general, and an instance of the architecture for monitoring seabird nesting environment and behavior is presented. The currently deployed network consists of 32 nodes on a small island off the coast of Maine streaming useful live data onto the web. The application-driven design exercise serves to identify important areas of further work in data sampling, communications, network retasking, and health monitoring.
Effects of Bovine Growth Hormone Preparations, Fragments of Growth Hormone and Pituitary Anti-insulin Peptide on Lipolysis and Glucose Metabolism of Isolated Fat Cells and Adipose Tissue*

The effects on rat fat cells and adipose tissue of a bovine adenohypophysial anti-insulin peptide (AIP) were compared to those of various bovine growth hormone preparations. The lipolytic activity of AIP was about 1–2% that of growth hormone on a weight basis. The increase in lipolysis seen with AIP was blocked by cycloheximide. AIP did not alter basal glucose oxidation in fat cells but slightly increased basal glucose oxidation in adipose tissue. AIP also did not inhibit the insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation in free fat cells or adipose tissue. Growth hormone inhibited the increase in glucose oxidation due to insulin but this effect was dependent on lipolysis. Dexamethasone markedly inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation despite its failure to activate lipolysis. In the presence of dexamethasone the increase in lipolysis due to growth hormone was enhanced. The lipolytic activity of highly purified bovine growth hormone preparations was greater than that of the NIH preparation. The fragment...
BACTERIURIA MANAGEMENT AND UROLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH SPINA BIFIDA AND NEUROGENIC BLADDER: A MULTICENTER SURVEY

ABSTRACTPurpose: We assessed how groups at spina bifida clinics evaluate and manage the urinary tract in patients with spina bifida, neurogenic bladder and bacteriuria.Materials and Methods: A survey was mailed to all 169 clinics listed by the Spina Bifida Association of America. Survey items addressed baseline and surveillance evaluation, criteria used to assess urinary tract health and approaches to treatment in patients with spina bifida and neurogenic bladder.Results: Of the 169 clinics personnel at 59 (35%) responded to the survey. Almost half of the respondents had an established protocol or standard of care. At most clinics the use of ultrasound (93%), voiding cystourethrograms (85%) and urodynamic testing (76%) was supported but not renal isotopic studies (14%) or excretory urograms (2%) for baseline evaluation. At all clinics ultrasound was supported for routine surveillance but there was no consensus for other imaging modalities. Assessment of clinic approaches to the evaluation and management o...
Time to awakening and neurologic outcome in therapeutic hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest patients

Abstract Introduction Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to improve outcomes in comatose Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome (PCAS) patients. It is unclear how long it takes these patients to regain neurologic responsiveness post-arrest. We sought to determine the duration to post-arrest awakening and factors associated with times to such responsiveness. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive TH-treated PCAS patients at three hospitals participating in a US cardiac arrest registry from 2005 to 2011. We measured the time from arrest until first documentation of "awakening", defined as following commands purposefully. Results We included 194 consecutive TH-treated PCAS patients; mean age was 57±16 years; 59% were male; 40% had an initial shockable rhythm. Mean cooling duration was 24±8h and mean rewarming time was 14±13h. Survival to discharge was 44%, with 78% of these discharged with a good neurologic outcome. Of the 85 patients who awakened, median time to awakening was 3.2 days (IQR 2.2, 4.5) post-cardiac arrest. Median time to awakening for a patient discharged in good neurological condition was 2.8 days (IQR 2.0, 4.5) vs. 4.0 days (IQR 3.5, 7.6) for those who survived to discharge without a good neurological outcome ( p =0.035). There was no significant association between initial rhythm, renal insufficiency, paralytic use, post-arrest seizure, or location of arrest and time to awakening. Conclusion In TH-treated PCAS patients, time to awakening after resuscitation was highly variable and often longer than three days. Earlier awakening was associated with better neurologic status at hospital discharge.
Commentary: Accountability Policy and Scholarly Research.

Since 2001, considerations of school reform have been dominated by performance-based accountability. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has changed the way policymakers and educators talk about education, look at educational performance, and think about educational challenges. Nonetheless, NCLB and the state accountability systems it has spawned have been subjected to little careful scrutiny. This article discusses four recent research contributions and considers how they might inform policymaking on accountability. While scholarly scrutiny will not necessarily settle debates, it can help yield more constructive and informed decisions. In particular, research can clarify the actual consequences of policy decisions; highlight and refine approaches that may be more reliable, stable, and effective than those in use; flag the unanticipated or overlooked effects of design decisions; and ensure that both policymakers and the public are aware of the costs and benefits of accountability.
Parity-based output compaction for core-based SOCs [logic testing]

SOC test application time is strongly determined by the parallelism attained among core tests. Yet, test bandwidth allocation issues typically impose significant limitations on parallel testing of the cores. In this paper, we propose a response compaction methodology for reducing the required output bandwidth of cores, enabling increased parallelism among core tests and hence reducing overall SOC test time. The proposed methodology is based on judiciously partitioning test responses, with each response fragment being compacted individually. The signature corresponding to the response fragments consists of the parity information which is computed through a cost-effective on-chip space and time compaction mechanism. We show that the proposed technique not only delivers negligible aliasing for any (modeled or unmodeled) fault but that it also provides diagnostic and unknown response value handling capabilities.
In Vitro Production of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate in Antemortem Urine Samples

The in vitro production of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in antemortem urine samples was demonstrated over an eight-month period. Positive chemical ionization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PCI-GC-MS) was used to detect trace amounts of GHB produced in vitro under certain storage conditions. Freshly prepared drug-free human urine was stored at 21, 4, and -20 degrees C in the presence of preservative. Although artifactual production of GHB occurred more rapidly at elevated temperatures, the presence of an antimicrobial agent (sodium azide) in the drug-free urine control did not impede GHB production. The preliminary data suggest that although in vitro production was demonstrated, the elevations in concentration were nominal and less than 5 mg/L for all conditions tested over the 244-day period. These preliminary data suggest that urine samples should be preserved and stored at -20 degrees C to minimize artifactual GHB production. Most importantly, conditions of storage and preservative should also be taken into consideration when interpreting GHB results that are close to the administrative cutoff. In order to establish the distribution of GHB concentrations in routine forensic case samples, a series of 100 antemortem urine samples, in which GHB was not suspected, was analyzed. Samples were preserved with sodium fluoride (1%) and had been stored for up to one year at room temperature. Although concentrations as high as 7 mg/L were measured in some samples, the mean and median concentrations were 1.8 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L, respectively. Even following storage at room temperature for an extended period, more than 95% of the urine samples contained less than 5 mg/L GHB and 100% contained less than 10 mg/L. An administrative cutoff of 10 mg/L in antemortem urine was used for routine antemortem casework.
Mechanisms of moisture stress in a mid-latitude temperate forest: Implications for feedforward and feedback controls from an irrigation experiment

Abstract While it is well established that stomata close during moisture stress, strong correlations among environmental ( e.g ., vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture, air temperature, radiation) and internal ( e.g ., leaf water potential, sap flow, root-shoot signaling) variables obscure the identification of causal mechanisms from field experiments. Models of stomatal control fitted to field data therefore suffer from ambiguous parameter identification, with multiple acceptable ( i.e ., nearly optimal) model structures emphasizing different moisture status indicators and different processes. In an effort to minimize these correlations and improve parameter and process identification, we conducted an irrigation experiment on red maples ( Acer rubrum L.) at Harvard Forest (summers of 2005 and 2006). Control and irrigated trees experienced similar radiative and boundary layer forcings, but different soil moisture status, and thus presumably different diurnal cycles of internal leaf water potential. Measured soil moisture and atmospheric forcing were used to drive a transient tree hydraulic model that incorporated a Jarvis-type leaf conductance in a Penman–Monteith framework with a Cowan-type (resistance and capacitance) tree hydraulic representation. The leaf conductance model included dependence on both leaf matric potential, Ψ L (so-called feedback control) and on vapor pressure deficit, D (so-called feedforward control). Model parameters were estimated by minimizing the error between predicted and measured sap flow. The whole-tree irrigation treatment had the effect of elevating measured transpiration during summer dry-downs, demonstrating the limiting effect that subsurface resistance may have on transpiration during these times of moisture stress. From the best fitted model, we infer that during dry downs, moisture stress manifests itself in an increase of soil resistance with a resulting decrease in Ψ L , leading to both feedforward and feedback controls in the control trees, but only feedforward control for the irrigated set. Increases in the sum-of-squares error when individual model components were disabled allow us to reject the following three null hypotheses: (1) the f ( D ) stress is statistically insignificant ( p = 0.01); (2) the f ( Ψ L ) stress is statistically insignificant ( p = 0.07); and (3) plant storage capacitance is independent of moisture status ( p = 0.07).
Delphinapterus leuca (Beluga whale)

The karyotypes were donated by Dr. Deborah A. Duffield and come from lymphocyte cultures. The female karyotype is C-banded. The last pair of autosomes has distinct satellite with heteromorphic C-band.
Opponents of the Sovereignty of States

The State as a legal phenomenon is the principal subject of the science of public (constitutional) law. At the same time, it is considered as the basic point of departure for the science of international law. Both sciences analyse the essence of that phenomenon, they define it, and they contain a number of doctrines which are concerned with the problem of the State. The science of international law generally accepts the concepts elaborated by the science of constitutional law, but insists upon the independence of the political body called the State. This body politic should consist of a territory, of a population permanently settled in that territory, and of a government being the supreme power over that territory and its inhabitants, and independent of any external authority. Such is the concept of the State under international law as accepted by the dominant theory today.
Oscillatory counter-centrifugation

In ordinary centrifugation, a suspended particle that is heavier than the displaced fluid migrates away from the rotation axis when the fluid-filled container rotates steadily about that axis. In contrast a particle that is lighter than the displaced fluid (e.g., a bubble) migrates toward the rotation axis in a centrifuge. In this paper, we show theoretically that if a fluid-filled container rotates in an oscillatory manner as a rigid body about an axis, at high enough oscillation frequencies, the sense of migration of suspended particles is reversed. That is, in that case particles denser than the fluid migrate inward, while those that are lighter than the fluid move outward. We term this unusual phenomenon “Oscillatory Counter-Centrifugation” or OCC, for short. Through application of the method of averaging to the equations of motion, we derive a simple criterion to predict the occurrence of OCC. The analysis also reveals that the time-average of the Coriolis force in the radial direction is the term that is responsible for this effect. In addition, we analyze the effects of the Basset history force and the Rubinow–Keller lift force on particle trajectories and find that OCC persists even when these forces are active. The phenomenon awaits experimental verification.
The political economy of informal economies

After decades of sustained and more or less deliberate neglect the state is now recognized by the World Bank as a critical variable in any strategy aimed at fostering ""sustainable growth"". Moving away from its earlier, stubbornly economistic bent, its report: Sub-Saharan Africa, From crisis to sustainable growth, explicitly admits the need for ""not just less government but better government - government that concentrates its efforts less on direct interventions and more on enabling others to be productive"". ""Underlying the litany of Africa's development problems"", the report goes on to note, ""is a crisis of governance, a failure of the exercise of political power to manage a nation's affairs"". Only through ""a systematic effort to build a pluralistic institutional structure, a determination to respect the rule of law, and vigorous protection of the freedom of the press and human rights"" can the foundation be laid for fostering private sector capacities.
Gain Scheduling With Classification Trees for Robust Centralized Control of PSSs

This paper takes advantage of wide-area measurements to propose a centralized nonlinear controller that acts on power system stabilizers (PSSs), to cooperatively increase the damping of problematic small-signal oscillations all over the system. Details are given to utilize existing stabilizers while causing minimum changes to the equipment and warranting improvement, or at least no detriment, of current system behavior. A set of gains is designed by linear state feedback control to respond to representative system conditions, and these are coordinated with an equal number of decision trees in charge of scheduling by switching. The resulting nonlinear controller is implemented on a model that resembles the characteristics of the Central American System, exemplifying its feasibility to be applied in large systems. The effect of time delay in the control loop is assessed, and the limits for tolerance to latency in this application are determined.
Differential effects of assisted cycling therapy on short-term and working memory of adolescents with Down syndrome

ABSTRACTPersons with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from prefrontal cortex dysfunction and deficits in executive functions. The current study examined the effects assisted cycling therapy (ACT) on short-term (STM) and working memory (WM) in adolescents with DS. During ACT, the cadence of participants on a stationary bicycle was augmented with an electrical motor to 180% of the voluntary cadence. Participants completed eight weeks of ACT (n = 17), eight weeks of voluntary cycling (VC) at their own preferred cadence (n = 16), or eight weeks of no cycling (np ≥ .149) and working memory improved only in the ACT group (Hedge’s g = 1.66; p = .003). The results indicate that assisted high-cadence cycling (i.e. ACT) produces superior neural benefits in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to VC.
First experimental demonstration of solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) using 650V GaN-based monolithic bidirectional switch

Renewable and other distributed energy resources feed electricity to the utility grid and/or local loads through interfacing power electronic converters. These new microgrids are susceptible to short circuit faults, mandating the use of protective circuit breakers. Solid state circuit breakers (SSCB) are needed due to their much faster response than mechanical circuit breakers. This unique application offers a great market opportunity for normally-on WBG switches. This paper, for the first time, experimentally demonstrates the feasibility of using 650V GaN bidirectional devices in SSCB applications.
A comparative analysis of cost change for low-cost, full-service, and other carriers in the US airline industry

Abstract This study compares cost and productivity changes of full-service carriers (FSCs), low-cost carriers (LCCs) and ‘other’ carriers classified as regional or charter firms. Findings show cost reductions of 10 percent for FSCs and 22 percent for regionals/charters, and cost increases of 8.5 percent for LCCs from 1993 to 2014. Nontrivial productivity gains due to increases in load factor and stage length explain the findings for FSCs. Unexplained technical change accounts for the cost increases for LCCs, while productivity gains due to increases in load factor and stage length and unexplained technical change contribute to cost declines for ‘other’ carriers. These findings are interpreted as indicating (1) the LCC cost advantage over FSCs has eroded somewhat over this period, and (2) sources of cost changes over this period differ by air carrier classification.
John De Witt and the Triple Alliance

Louis XIV planned and began the war of 1672 against the States General of the United Provinces, his allies of the previous decade, to punish their participation in the Triple Alliance of 1668. He was convinced that John de Witt, the Grand Pensionary of Holland, was the originator and organizer of this league between the Dutch Republic, England, and Sweden, formed to halt the French advance across Belgium during the War of Devolution. Yet, after the outbreak of the Dutch war, John de Witt and his brother Cornelius were accused of being traitors in the service of France and murdered by a mob at The Hague on August 20, 1672. Despite this paradox, most historians from that time to this have considered the Triple Alliance as De Witt’s “personal work.”1
Fashioning diaspora: beauty, femininity and South Asian American culture

In her study of the political implications of beauty, femininity and the South Asian diaspora in the United States, Vanita Reddy provides provocative close readings of literary texts, performance p...
Hypertension in 2017—What Is the Right Target?

Setting blood pressure (BP) goals is not an exact science. Such goals have generally relied on findings from clinical trials that typically have differed in such important variables as age of participants, entry and exclusion criteria, presence or absence of concomitant illnesses, severity of hypertension, treatment regimens, and therapeutic goals. Furthermore, few previous trials have been designed to compare the effects of lowering BP to different targets. Controversy exists currently on BP goals. For several years following publication of the JNC 7 report,1 there appeared to be consensus regarding a goal BP of less than 140/90 mm Hg for most persons with hypertension, irrespective of age, and levels of less than 130/80 mm Hg for those with diabetes, chronic renal diseases, and certain cardiovascular conditions. However, 3 major groups have since made new and differing recommendations regarding BP goals, particularly in older persons, and the results of new trials have become available. The JNC 8 committee raised the systolic BP (SBP) goal for those aged 60 years or older to less than 150 mm Hg.2 The European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology joint committee advocated a goal of less than 140 to 150 mm Hg for those aged 80 years or older.3 A joint committee representing the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension recommended a target of less than 150/90 mm Hg for those aged 80 years or older.4
The role of beliefs about aggression in cyberbullying and animal abuse

ABSTRACTThe current study sought to examine the associations between involvement in bullying (traditional and cyber), attitudes about aggression, and animal abuse. Four hundred and thirty-nine undergraduate students (267 females and 172 males) enrolled in Introductory Psychology completed surveys assessing bullying involvement, normative beliefs about aggression, and animal abuse tendencies. Results revealed that animal abusers reported significantly higher rates of bullying (traditional and cyber) and significantly more accepting views of aggression when compared to non-abusers. A logistic regression model indicated that bullying perpetration (traditional and cyber), normative beliefs about aggression, and gender were significant predictors of animal abuse. In addition, the findings suggest that normative beliefs about aggression may serve as an underlying mechanism linking traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and animal abuse. Implications for prevention and intervention programs for aggression toward h...
Native Americans in Cold War Public Diplomacy: Indian Politics, American History, and the US Information Agency

This essay examines the depiction of Native Americans by the US Information Agency (USIA), the bureau charged with explaining American politics to the international public during the Cold War. In the 1950s and 1960s, the USIA broadcast the message that Americans had begun to acknowledge their nation's history of conquest and were working to redress old wrongs through an activist government. That message echoed the agency's depiction of the African American Civil Rights Movement and allowed the USIA to recognize Indian resistance to assimilation. It offered little room for tribal nationhood, however, during these early years of the modern American Indian political revival.
India at War: The Subcontinent and the Second World War. By Yasmin Khan. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. 432. $29.95.)

This new book is an elegant and gripping evocation of the war's transformative effects on Indian society, braiding together the stories of soldiers, activists, and citizens as they navigated a conf...
An integrated framework that combines machine learning and numerical models to improve wave-condition forecasts

Abstract This study investigates near-shore circulation and wave characteristics applied to a case-study site in Monterey Bay, California. We integrate physics-based models to resolve wave conditions together with a machine-learning algorithm that combines forecasts from multiple, independent models into a single “best-estimate” prediction of the true state. The Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) physics-based model is used to compute wind-augmented waves. Ensembles are developed based on multiple simulations perturbing data input to the model. A learning-aggregation technique uses historical observations and model forecasts to calculate a weight for each ensemble member. We compare the weighted ensemble predictions with measured data to evaluate performance against present state-of-the-art. Finally, we discuss how this framework that integrates data-driven and physics-based approaches can outperform either technique in isolation.
Scientific and Technological Inputs to Nonroutine Decision Making by Three Groups: Scientists Government Officials, Corporate Managers

This paper discusses a number of factors influencing the way that science and technology information is requested, framed, transmitted and interpreted when the chips are down and the situation risky. Our research on the use of science and technology (ST (2) government officials; and (3) corporate managers. While S&T information search by technical professionals centers on efficiency, using informal gatekeepers or information stars, the other two groups do not focus primarily on S&T issues and would be expected to exhibit more idiosyncratic patterns of search. Government officials have policy analysis groups, expert panels, technical staffs, and personal contacts to draw on. Corporate executives have comparable staff personnel and groups and personal contacts to utilize. Yet both may be unable to use the best sources because of adversarial roles, procedural constraints, and cultural barriers. Detailed current S&T knowledge tends to reside at a much lower organizational level than decision making, and a number of mediating steps pass it through legal, political and technological filters before it reaches the decision makers. These filters may create problems which are accentuated when the problem is a nonroutine one, such as toxic shock, ice minus, or even Chernobyl.
Buck, Carl Darling (1866–1955)

During his remarkable career, Carl Darling Buck (1866–1955) made significant contributions in the areas of the Oscan and Umbrian languages. However, many students of Indo–European linguistics may know him best through his comparative grammar of Greek and Latin (1933) and his dictionary of Indo–European synonyms (1949). These works have endured as classic reference books in historical linguistics.
Male and female mice demonstrate divergent cellular responses in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) following morphine withdrawal

The United States is experiencing an opioid epidemic of significant proportions, imposing enormous fiscal and societal costs. While prescription opioid analgesics are essential for treating pain, the cessation of these drugs can induce a withdrawal syndrome, and thus opioid use often persists to alleviate or avoid these symptoms. Therefore, it is essential to understand the neurobiology underlying this critical window of withdrawal from opioid analgesics to prevent continued usage. To model this, we administered a low dose of morphine, and precipitated withdrawal with naloxone to investigate the behavioral and cellular responses in C57BL/6J male and female mice. Following 3 days of administration, both male and female mice sensitized to the repeated bouts of withdrawal, as evidenced by their composite global withdrawal score. Female mice exhibited increased withdrawal symptoms on some individual measures, but did not show characteristic weight loss observed in male mice. Because of its role in mediating withdrawal-associated behaviors, we examined neuronal excitability and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) 24 hours following the final precipitated withdrawal. In male mice, morphine withdrawal increased spontaneous GABAergic signaling compared to controls. In contrast, morphine withdrawal decreased spontaneous GABAergic signaling, and increased BNST projection neuron excitability in female mice. Intriguingly, these opposing GABAergic effects were dependent on within slice excitability. Our findings suggest that male and female mice manifest divergent cellular responses in the BNST following morphine withdrawal, and alterations in BNST inhibitory signaling may be a significant factor contributing to the expression of behaviors following opioid withdrawal.
Automatic PV Performance Diagnosis through Inverter Data using Dual Neural Network Architecture

The main challenge associated with solar Photovoltaic power generation is its intermittent nature which highly dictates its performance. Since PV generation is mainly dependent on climatic parameters, it is necessary to have a mechanism for understanding and diagnosing the state of performance of the system at any given instance. To address this challenge, a deep neural network architecture is presented for instantaneous performance diagnosis. The proposed model enables to model and diagnose soiling and partial shade conditions prevalent in any PV generation system with an accuracy of 98.3%. The output of this model is used as input to another neural network model for modeling the state of performance of the system. The novelty of this work lies in creating a solely data- driven model for diagnosing PV power performance
Efficacy of eluted antibiotics through 3D printed femoral implants

Costs associated with musculoskeletal diseases in the United States account for 5.7% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Weinstein et al. 2018). As such, there is a need to pursue new ideas in orthopaedic implants that can decrease cost and improve patient care. In the recent years, 3D printing of polymers using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and metals using Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) has opened several exciting possibilities to create customized orthopaedic implants. Such implants can be engineered to release antibiotics in a controlled manner by infusing the drug into the material during manufacturing stage. However, the prevalence of high temperature could impact the anti-bacterial effectiveness of the eluted antibiotics in such implants. An alternative approach to circumvent this issue would be to modify the implant geometry to incorporate built-in design features such as micro-channels and reservoirs in which antibiotics can be introduced prior to the surgical procedure. Irrespective of the approach used, the ability of 3D printed orthopaedic implants to elute antibiotics, and the rate of elution are not well understood. The purpose of this article is to study the elution of doxycycline through 3D printed femoral implants using three different materials: Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA), Poly-Caprolactone (PCL) and Titanium grade Ti-6Al-4V. The PLA and Ti-6Al-4V implants were designed with built-in reservoirs and micro-channels in which doxycycline was introduced post the manufacturing stage. However, the PCL implants were printed from a PCL spool that was infused with doxycycline using an extruder. The PLA and Ti-6Al-4V experiments were run for a period of 31 days and the PCL experiment for one day. The antibacterial ability of eluted doxycycline from all implants were examined using Kirby-Bauer test on the bacteria E.coli k-12. The results show that most of doxycycline eluted through the three materials in the first 24 hours. After the initial spike, a steady release was achieved for the PLA and Ti-6Al-4V implants for 30 days. During this timeframe, Ti-6Al-4V implants released more doxycycline than the PLA implant. The eluted antibiotics through all the implants demonstrated the ability to kill bacteria in the subsequent Kirby-Bauer test. These outcomes show that irrespective of how the antibiotics were introduced, 3D printed polymeric and metallic implants have great potential in orthopaedic applications.
Effects of alkylation and immunopotentiation against Ehrlich ascites murine carcinoma in vivo using novel tetra-O-acetate haloacetamido carbohydrate analogs

Abstract Tetra-O-acetate haloacetamido carbohydrate analogs (Tet-OAHCs) are novel alkylating agents that appear to have alkylating activity at the plasma membrane, specificity against neoplastic cells, and may potentiate host leukocyte influx. This study sought to characterize the chemical attributes and in vivo activity of Tet-OAHCs. Four Tet-OAHCs were assessed for their partition coefficient and alkylating activity to determine cellular environments where adduct formation would be favorable. In vitro, IC50 values of all four Tet-OAHCs were determined against Ehrlich ascites murine carcinoma, as well as two leukemias (U937 human monocytic leukemia and L1210 murine lymphoid leukemia) to assess their cytotoxicity in multiple neoplastic cell lines. In vivo, B6D2F1 and CD2F1 mice were challenged i.p. with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma prior to, or after being treated with a single dose of one of the analogs. Finally, a quantitative comparison of host leukocyte influx between Tet-OAHCs and other alkylating agents was performed to confirm previous in vivo observations that the tetra-O-acetate carbohydrate moiety is important for inducing a host leukocyte response in murine models. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) Tet-OAHCs appear to demonstrate high alkylating activity in amphiphilic environments. 2) All four congeners have comparable in vitro cytotoxicities against the neoplastic cell lines examined. 3) The analogs demonstrate marked in vivo activity in both B6D2F1 and CD2F1 mice challenged with a lethal dose of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and frequently produce long term survival at 60 days, which is not observed in simple halo derivatives or two currently approved antineoplastic agents (daunorubicin and mechlorethamine). These effects are observed when the agents are administered either before or after the tumor challenge. 4) The carbohydrate moiety appears to be important for potentiating host leukocyte influx, as Tet-OAHCs, but not other alkylating agents demonstrated such activity in vivo.
Crystalline light chain proximal tubulopathy and podocytopathy: a case report

Apresentacao do caso O presente relato descreve o caso de um homem de 64 anos com historico de paraproteinemia IgG kappa por 14 anos, sem sinais de mieloma multiplo ou plasmocitoma, que deu entrada na clinica de nefrologia com hipocalemia de inicio recente e elevacao da creatinina serica. O historico clinico do paciente incluia diagnostico de xantogranuloma necrobiotico por 30 anos tratado com varias modalidades terapeuticas, incluindo clorambucila, talidomida, crioterapia, imunoglobulina intravenosa e radioterapia com feixes de eletrons. O paciente [...]
Frailty in Older Adults With Multiple Myeloma: A Study of US Veterans

PURPOSEAge-associated cumulative decline across physiologic systems results in a diminished resistance to stressors, including cancer and its treatment, creating a vulnerable state known as frailty...
A twist in the road less traveled: The AMBER ff15ipq-m force field for protein mimetics

We present a new force field, AMBER ff15ipq-m, for simulations of protein mimetics in applications from therapeutics to biomaterials. This force field is an expansion of the AMBER ff15ipq force field that was developed for canonical proteins and enables the modeling of four classes of artificial backbone units that are commonly used alongside natural α residues in blended or “heterogeneous” backbones: chirality-reversed D-α-residues, the Cα-methylated α-residue Aib, homologated β-residues (β3) bearing proteinogenic side chains, and two cyclic β residues (βcyc; APC and ACPC). The ff15ipq-m force field includes 472 unique atomic charges and 148 unique torsion terms. Consistent with the AMBER IPolQ lineage of force fields, the charges were derived using the Implicitly Polarized Charge (IPolQ) scheme in the presence of explicit solvent. To our knowledge, no general force field reported to date models the combination of artificial building blocks examined here. In addition, we have derived Karplus coefficients for the calculation of backbone amide J-coupling constants for β3Ala and ACPC β residues. The AMBER ff15ipq-m force field reproduces experimentally observed J-coupling constants in simple tetrapeptides and maintains the expected conformational propensities in reported structures of proteins/peptides containing the artificial building blocks of interest—all on the μs timescale. These encouraging results demonstrate the power and robustness of the IPolQ lineage of force fields in modeling the structure and dynamics of natural proteins as well as mimetics with protein-inspired artificial backbones in atomic detail.
Lymphotropic Viruses: Chronic Inflammation and Induction of Cancers

Inflammation induced by transcription factors, including Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) and NF-κB, in response to microbial pathogenic infections and ligand dependent receptors stimulation are critical for controlling infections. However, uncontrolled inflammation induced by these transcription factors could lead to immune dysfunction, persistent infection, inflammatory related diseases and the development of cancers. Although the induction of innate immunity and inflammation in response to viral infection is important to control virus replication, its effects can be modulated by lymphotropic viruses including human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Κaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) during de novo infection as well as latent infection. These lymphotropic viruses persistently activate JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. Long-term STAT and NF-κB activation by these viruses leads to the induction of chronic inflammation, which can support the persistence of these viruses and promote virus-mediated cancers. Here, we review how HTLV-1, KSHV and EBV hijack the function of host cell surface molecules (CSMs), which are involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, cell death and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Thus, better understanding of CSMs-mediated chronic activation of STATs and NF-κB pathways in lymphotropic virus-infected cells may pave the way for therapeutic intervention in malignancies caused by lymphotropic viruses.