cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introducing PROFESS 2.0: A parallelized, fully linear scaling program for orbital-free density functional theory calculations

Orbital-free density functional theory (OFDFT) is a first principles quantum mechanics method to find the ground-state energy of a system by variationally minimizing with respect to the electron density. No orbitals are used in the evaluation of the kinetic energy (unlike Kohn–Sham DFT), and the method scales nearly linearly with the size of the system. The PRinceton Orbital-Free Electronic Structure Software (PROFESS) uses OFDFT to model materials from the atomic scale to the mesoscale. This new version of PROFESS allows the study of larger systems with two significant changes: PROFESS is now parallelized, and the ion–electron and ion–ion terms scale quasilinearly, instead of quadratically as in PROFESS v1 (L. Hung and E.A. Carter, Chem. Phys. Lett. 475 (2009) 163). At the start of a run, PROFESS reads the various input files that describe the geometry of the system (ion positions and cell dimensions), the type of elements (defined by electron–ion pseudopotentials), the actions you want it to perform (minimize with respect to electron density and/or ion positions and/or cell lattice vectors), and the various options for the computation (such as which functionals you want it to use). Based on these inputs, PROFESS sets up a computation and performs the appropriate optimizations. Energies, forces, stresses, material geometries, and electron density configurations are some of the values that can be output throughout the optimization.
VITAMIN B6 TRANSPORT IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: IN VIVO STUDIES

— The total concentrations of vitamin B6 (B6) in plasma, choroid plexus, CSF and brain of adult New Zealand white rabbits, measured fluorometrically, were 0.30, 15.10, 0.39 and 8.90μmol/l or kg respectively. The mechanisms by which B6 enters and leaves brain, choroid plexus and CSF were investigated by injecting [3H]pyridoxine (PIN) intravenously, intraventricularly and intraarterially. [3H]PIN, with or without unlabelled PIN, was infused intravenously at a constant rate into conscious rabbits. At 150 min, [3H]B6 readily entered CSF, choroid plexus and brain. The addition of 0.5 mmol/kg carrier PIN to the infusion solution depressed the relative entry of [3H]B6 into CSF, choroid plexus and brain by about 80%. After intraventricular injection, [3H]PIN readily entered brain from CSF. The intraventricular injection of carrier PIN with [3H]PIN decreased the amount of [3H]B6 in brain and also decreased the percentage of [3H]B6 in CSF and brain that was phosphorylated. During one pass through the cerebral circulation, [3H]PIN (1 μm) was cleared from the circulation no more rapidly than mannitol. These results were interpreted as showing that the entry of B6 from blood into CSF and presumably the extracellular space of brain and thence into brain cells involves one or more saturable transport and/or metabolic steps.
Laboratory Biology and Techniques for Mass Producing the Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was studied to develop a larval rearing medium and an efficient method of mass rearing and also to determine the reproductive potential (productivity, fertility, survival, longevity) of the various life stages. Also techniques were evolved that included automated methods of separating and handling the various stadia in order to produce 1 million stable flies per week. The estimated cost for that level of production was determined.
Romantic Breakups, Heartbreak and Bereavement—Romantic Breakups

This literature review suggests that romantic breakups may lead to bereavement symptoms including intrusive thoughts and attempts to suppress them and insomnia as well as morbidity factors including broken heart syndrome and immune dysfunction. Although the broken heart syndrome has mimicked real heart attacks, angiograms revealed no clogged arteries or permanent heart damage. Compromised immune function may result from reduced vagal activity and increased cortisol and catecholamines leading to increased inflammatory cytokines and decreased natural killer cell activity. The model proposed here is that romantic breakups result in the loss of a person as a regulator of stimulation and arousal modulation that can then lead to these physiological and biochemical effects. These data highlight the complexity of romantic breakups, heartbreak and bereavement and the need for multi-variable research on these systems both before and after the breakups occur.
20α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and Reductive Pathways in Mouse Adrenal Glands in Vitro

The isolation and identification of steroid metabolites is reported after the incubation of progesterone-4-14C and Δ6-pregnenolone-4-14C with quartered mouse adrenal glands and with added NADPH (10−4m) and SU-4885 (10−4m). The ring-A reduced metabolites of either progesterone-4 14C or Δ5-pregnenolone-4-14C included: 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, 5β-pregnane-3, 20-dione, and 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnane-20-one. With Δ6-pregnenolone-4-14C as substrate, C20-reduced intermediates were detected within 10 min, 5-pregnane-3β,20α-diol and 20α-hydroxy- 4-pregnene-3-one. Under the conditions of these incubations and in the presence of NADPH, the reduction to the 20α-hydroxyl occurred prior to the conversion of the Δ5-3β-hydroxyl to the Δ4-3 ketone. DOC was not found in the control incubations. In the presence of SU-4885, DOC was formed but corticosterone was not isolated. A thorough search for either C-21-17α-hydroxylated or C-19 metabolites was not successful. The role of the various hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the form...
Reduction of adhesion formation by intraperitoneal administration of Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the ability of a variety of peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence to reduce the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in a rabbit model. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Setting: University-based laboratory. Animal(s): New Zealand white rabbits. Intervention(s): Administration of RGD-containing peptides. Main Outcome Measure(s): Reduction of adhesion information. Result(s): In initial studies, two RGD-containing peptides (3 or a 10 amino acid peptides) were administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump to the site of injury. Administration of either of these peptides significantly reduced adhesion formation, but the larger peptide was more efficacious and reduced variability in the response. Further studies then were conducted with RGD-containing peptides five to six amino acids in length. Administration of these peptides also significantly reduced adhesion formation in a standard rabbit model. Administration of three of these peptides in a viscous vehicle at the end of surgery was also effective in reducing adhesion formation. Conclusion(s): The most effective combination tested was RGD-containing peptide Gly-dser-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro in a viscous, cremophor-containing vehicle. These studies demonstrate that administration of an RGD-containing peptide was effective in reducing adhesion formation in this model.
The Characteristic Curves of the Triode

A method is described by which the entire static characteristic curves for the plate current of a power triode can be deduced from one experimentally determined curve. This experimental curve can be obtained at low power without danger of overheating the tube. Using the same procedure, the grid-current curves and the total space-current curves can be determined. A new log-log chart is described on which the static characteristic curves of a triode are presented by means of straight lines, and two curves giving the division of space current between the grid and plate.
Airborne dust and aeroallergen concentration in a horse stable under two different management systems

Summary Airborne dust concentration (ADC) was measured in 2 different horse management systems using an Andersen cascade impactor in the box-stall, and a personal Marple cascade impactor attached to the halter to measure ADC in the breathing zone. The levels of aeroallergens implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were measured by radioallergosorbent-inhibition immunoassay. A conventional management system (System C) utilising hay feed and straw bedding, and a recommended environment (System R) utilising wood shaving bedding and a complete pelleted diet were studied. In the stall, total and respirable ADC (geometric mean) were significantly higher in System C (2.55 mg/m3; 0.44 mg/m3, respectively) than in System R (0.70 mg/m3; 0.20 mg/m3, respectively). In System C, the total and respirable ADC in the breathing zone (17.51 mg/m3; 9.28 mg/m3) were much higher than in the stall, but values in both regions were similar in System R (0.52 mg/m3; 0.30 mg/m3). Major aeroallergens were significantly higher in System C than in System R: Micropolyspora faeni (1423 ng/m3 and 705 ng/m3), Aspergillus fumigatus (1823 ng/m3 and 748 ng/m3), and mite allergens (1420 ng/m3 and 761 ng/m3). Measurement of ADC with personal samplers indicates that the very high inhalation challenge in the breathing zone is not reflected in measurements of stall air quality. When compared with System C, System R produced only 3% of the respirable dust burden in the breathing zone and a decreased aeroallergen challenge.
A Flexible Impact of Affective Feelings on Priming Effects Assimilation and Contrast

Four experiments found that positive and negative affect dictated whether primed social categories and trait concepts led to assimilation or contrast. This influence was further found to be flexibly responsive to the momentary activation of a global or local focus. When a global focus was dominant, positive affect resulted in assimilation to primed traits and social categories, and negative affect resulted in contrast. But, when a local focus was dominant, the opposite pattern of assimilation and contrast as a consequence of positive and negative affect was observed. These results are consistent with the more general view that positive and negative affect signal the value of currently accessible response tendencies and are, therefore, flexibly responsive in their influence cognition to changing situations and mental contexts.
Identification and characterization of lipolytic and proteolytic bacteria isolated from marine sediments

Abstract Lipolytic and proteolytic bacteria were isolated from sediments at two sampling stations in the New York Bight Apex and one sampling station each in Sandy Hook Bay and Great Bay, New Jersey. The stations in the Bight Apex and Sandy Hook Bay have received industrial wastes and sewage for several decades, while Great Bay has received little of such materials. Proteolytic counts were 2–4 times higher and lipolytic counts generally 4 times higher in the polluted areas. Of the isolates taken from casein and lipid plates, 76% were Gram-negative rods; 80% of the latter were identified as Vibrio and Pseudomonas . The vibrios comprised more than 60% of the isolates from Station 4 (Great Bay) and Station 1 (Bight Apex), and were tested for their ability to break down casein, lipid, starch, and chitin. From Station 1, 75% of the Vibrio were active in degrading one or more substrates in addition to the substrate of the initial isolation medium; from Station 4, 52% of the Vibrio were active.
Submicron double heterojunction strained InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs: an experimental study of DC and microwave properties

The DC and microwave characteristics of strained double-heterojunction InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs with submicron gate lengths are presented. Low output conductance, (16-18 mS/mm) is retained even at short (0.25- mu m) gate length. Extrinsic f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ for these devices are as high as 82 GHz and 148 GHz, respectively. These results show the possibility of using the double-heterojunction approach and the associated improved carrier confinement in order to enhance the power gain performance. Microwave characterization of devices with different gate lengths revealed an effective carrier velocity of approximately 1.2*10/sup 7/ cm/s, indicating that carrier transport may be limited by the quality of the inverted heterointerface. Growth interruption optimization may further improve the performance of these devices. >
Refusing the Market: A Democratic Discourse for Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations

This article extends critical and normative theorizing about the assumptions and implications of marketization for nonprofit and voluntary organizations and suggests an alternative discourse. It describes reasons for the increasing marketization of nonprofit and voluntary organizations and what the literature has shown to be problematic about marketization. It argues that one way to resist colonization by the market is for academics and practitioners of voluntary and nonprofit organizations to create and apply a democratic counterdiscourse.
Meeting Report: Soft Matter and Biomolecular Materials: X-ray Scattering Enabled by High Brightness Beamlines

A workshop on “Soft Matter and Biomolecular Materials: X-ray Scattering Enabled by High Brightness Beamlines” was organized by Ben Hsiao of Stony Brook University and Lin Yang, Elaine DiMasi and Ron Pindak of the NSLS on May 16, 2006. The objective of this workshop was to highlight: (1) recent achievements using synchrotron X-ray scattering for multi-dimensional interrogation of soft matter and biomolecular materials; and (2) creative uses of bright synchrotron beams to obtain spatially and time-resolved structural information. The workshop included several lectures describing cutting-edge synchrotron scattering techniques, such as microbeam small- and wide-angle scattering, grazing-incidence surface scattering, resonant scattering, and fast parallel detection, for studies of polymers, nanoparticles, biomaterials and liquid crystals.
Wide frequency range force ballistocardiogram; its correlation with cardiovascular dynamics.

The ballistocardiograms of young normal subjects as recorded with a wide frequency range technic are described. These records contain high frequency forces not previously described. An analysis of these components in terms of known cardiovascular events strongly suggests that they have definite dynamic significance. In addition, these correlations offer evidence as to the genesis of some forces in the ballistocardiogram.
Adolescent suicidal behavior.

This paper reports a controlled, long-term followup study of adolescent suicide attempters, using as controls carefully matched youngsters hospitalized for psychiatric illness. Analysis of variables relating to pre-hospital behavior and post-hospital adjustment indicates that the distinguishing characteristics of suicide attempters are fewer than might be expected from the literature.
Alternative treatment programs. The psychiatric continuum of care.

Prior to 1985, mental health services were delivered in either acute inpatient facilities or outpatient practitioners' offices. These locations were dictated by the insurance benefit, which reimbursed only for care provided in these two settings. The demand for cost containment and accountability has forced clinicians and care managers to strive for efficacy and adequate clinical response at the lowest cost. 32 The continuum of care developed in response to this search for efficiency. The psychiatric continuum of care can be described as an array of behavioral health services with acute care on one end and traditional outpatient care on the other. Providers tend to view the continuum as flowing from more to less intensive and closer to farther removed from the hospital. Patients are more likely to see the continuum as a menu of offerings from which they can select depending upon their needs. Some system designers visualize a single continuum addressing the needs of all patients regardless of age or diagnosis. Others envision at least four separate continuum that are organized in parallel to care for adults, children and adolescents, the elderly, and substance-abusing patients.
Effort fluctuations in a harvest model with random prices

Abstract The effect of a single increase in the unit price of biomass on the optimal harvest policy for an exploited population is studied numerically. The price of a unit is assumed constant until a random time, when the price increases by a given amount. The optimal policy corresponding to the expected return is computed from the Bellman equation of dynamic programming. The results are compared with a model in which prices remain constant as well as a “well-timed” model in which the price increases at the expected increase time of the random case. Both optimal expected return and optimal policy computed from the deterministic models may differ substantially from that calculated from the random model, particularly if marginal costs are large. The emphasis is on numerical computation.
Inertial Forms of Navier-Stokes Equations on the Sphere

Abstract The Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows past a two-dimensional sphere are considered in this article. The existence of an inertial form of the equations is established. Furthermore, for the first time for fluid equations, we derive an upper bound on the dimension of the differential system (inertial manifold) which fully reproduces the infinite-dimensional dynamics. This bound is expressed in terms of Grashof Numbers.
Calibration and tests of the filter-collection method for measuring clean-air, ambient levels of nitric acid

Abstract A portable permeation tube based system has been developed for the field calibration of nitric acid vapor collection on Nylon filters during actual atmospheric sampling. Extensive testing has been undertaken to determine the effects of: transfer line materials, the uptake of nitric acid on the filter holder apparatus, the linearity of dilution of the nitric acid effusing from the permeation tube source achievable and the effects of the permeation of gases, other than nitric acid, on the permeation tube calibration. Data demonstrating significant uptake of HNO3 on commonly used materials are given, together with specific recommendations on the use of materials to avoid such problems. Nitrogen dioxide is shown to be a significant contaminant of the HNO3 permeation tubes used requiring corrections of the order of 15%. Nitric acid “spiking” during actual field sampling of clean tropospheric air at a remote site in the Rocky Mountains west of Boulder, Colorado demonstrated agreement between the measured Nylon filter nitrate loading and the calculated loading to + 0.1, −0.4 μg at the 60% confidence level. At the atmospheric sampling rate used of 120 std l min−1, these limits correspond to +5, −20 pptv for a one hour sampling time, with proportionately smaller uncertainties on the mean HNO3 mixing ratio for longer sampling times.
Manifold Based Dynamic Texture Synthesis from Extremely Few Samples

In this paper, we present a novel method to synthesize dynamic texture sequences from extremely few samples, e.g., merely two possibly disparate frames, leveraging both Markov Random Fields (MRFs) and manifold learning. Decomposing a textural image as a set of patches, we achieve dynamic texture synthesis by estimating sequences of temporal patches. We select candidates for each temporal patch from spatial patches based on MRFs and regard them as samples from a low-dimensional manifold. After mapping candidates to a low-dimensional latent space, we estimate the sequence of temporal patches by finding an optimal trajectory in the latent space. Guided by some key properties of trajectories of realistic temporal patches, we derive a curvature-based trajectory selection algorithm. In contrast to the methods based on MRFs or dynamic systems that rely on a large amount of samples, our method is able to deal with the case of extremely few samples and requires no training phase. We compare our method with the state of the art and show that our method not only exhibits superior performance on synthesizing textures but it also produces results with pleasing visual effects.
A Fabric of Defeat: The Politics of South Carolina Millhands, 1910-1948

In this book, Bryant Simon brings to life the politics of white South Carolina millhands during the first half of the twentieth century. His revealing and moving account explores how this group of southern laborers thought about and participated in politics and public power. Taking a broad view of politics, Simon looks at laborers as they engaged in political activity in many venues--at the polling station, on front porches, and on the shop floor--and examines their political involvement at the local, state, and national levels. He describes the campaign styles and rhetoric of such politicians as Coleman Blease and Olin Johnston (himself a former millhand), who eagerly sought the workers' votes. He draws a detailed picture of mill workers casting ballots, carrying placards, marching on the state capital, writing to lawmakers, and picketing factories. These millhands' politics reflected their public and private thoughts about whiteness and blackness, war and the New Deal, democracy and justice, gender and sexuality, class relations and consumption. Ultimately, the people depicted here are neither romanticized nor dismissed as the stereotypically racist and uneducated "rednecks" found in many accounts of southern politics. Southern workers understood the political and social forces that shaped their lives, argues Simon, and they developed complex political strategies to deal with those forces. |Brings to life the politics of white South Carolina millhands from 1920 to 1945. Examines laborers as they engaged in political activity and shows how their politics reflected their public and private opinions.
Water-Dispersible Polymeric Structure Co-encapsulating a Novel Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene Core Containing Chromophore with Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption and Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetically Guided Two-Photon Cellular Imaging

We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene core (HBCC) containing chromophore with enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) compared to that of a corresponding chromophore containing a hexaphenylbenzene core. With its planar core, the HBCC chromophore has a strong tendency to aggregate by π-stacking when entrapped into a biodegradable polymer, diacylphospholipid-polyethyleneglycol (PE-PEG). Both of these otherwise hydrophobic chromophores exhibit strong fluorescence in aqueous polymeric micellar solutions. The emission spectrum for the HBCC chromophore in water is strongly dependent on the concentration of the chromophore encapsulated in micelles. On co-entrapping the HBCC chromophore with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the micelles, it was possible to achieve magnetically guided two-photon cellular imaging with ample bearing on targeted imaging and therapy.
PERSPECTIVES OF THE THEORY OF SPIN-POLARIZED QUANTUM SYSTEMS : BEYOND THE STANDARD BOLTZMANN EQUATION

Abstract Problems and the latest achievements in the theory of spin-polarized quantum systems are briefly discussed. The current agreement with the experimental data is quite good, but the further improvement of the accuracy of theory is hindered by fundamental problems of the kinetic theory. One of the main goals was to go beyond the simplest Boltzmann equation and a rederivation of the improved versions of this equation for different polarized systems with the emphasis on virial, non-local and non-exchange terms. Some specific applications and boundary effects are presented. The basic problem for polarized dense Fermi-liquids is an applicability of the Landau theory to transverse phenomema. For dilute degenerate systems (e.g., low-temperature liquid mixtures of helium isotopes) the problem is how to go beyond the lowest approximations in density/interaction. Most of the attempts in this direction, especially with regard to superfluid transition in helium mixtures are still unconvincing; this transition remains one of the most intriguing problems of (ultra) low-temperature physics.
The Redistributive Role of Government: Economic Regulation in Old Régime France and England

The lobbying activities of private groups had an important redistributive influence on national economic policies in both England and France; however, the different organization of government in the two nations gave a particular shape and structure to the redistributive character of national politics. In England, Parliament's role in the legislative process made gaining economic concessions from the government long and difficult. During the eighteenth century, the English government's role was increasingly limited to adjudicating the claims of influential but conflicting groups. In France, by contrast, the government's economic decisions were neither subject to parliamentary scrutiny nor to open public discussion. Whereas the rules of the redistributional game in eighteenth-century England were increasingly public knowledge, the administrative and political process that allowed the French government to pursue its mercantilist programs was private. Furthermore, the rules changed according to ministerial whim. As one historian put it, public law was a forbidden domain, “a mystery reserved to the king and his ministers,” permitting select members of privileged clans, rather than broadly defined interest groups, to enjoy the benefits of government patronage. Although the creation of sophisticated interests and competitive lobbies allowed the English Parliament to provide special favors to particular industries during the eighteenth century, unlike the French executive, neither Parliament nor the English executive had the discretionary authority to distribute monopoly rents to particular ministerial or royal favorites. In England the government's distribution of spoils followed procedures more open to the English political elite as a whole; still, corruption was more pervasive in English public administration than in France, where executive supervision of central government agents was more comprehensive.
High-Elevation Hydropower and Climate Warming in California

In California Climate warming is expected to shift the runoff peak from s pring to winter from a reduction in snowpack. For high -elevation hydropower plants, this shift can have important effects on power generation and its economic value. With over 150 hydropower plants in California , estimation of climate warming effects by co nventional simulation or optimization would be tedious and expensive. Two approaches are suggested to estimat e climate warming effects on high -elevation hydropower in California. The first (No -Storage) approach neglects available storage capacity and produ ces an upper bound estimate of lost generation and hydropower revenues from climate warming. The second (No -Spill) approach estimates the available energy storage capacity assuming that existing capacity is enough to avoid spill from high -elevation reservo irs with historical mean flows , providing a lower bound estimate of generation and economic losses . The generation changes in dry and wet climate warming scenarios at different elevation ranges are simulated in aggregate for several climate change scenario s and compared to the historic generation .
Role of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in catheter lock solutions: EDTA enhances the antifungal activity of amphotericin B lipid complex against Candida embedded in biofilm

Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is an anticoagulant with antibiofilm-enhancing activity. We therefore used an in vitro biofilm model to determine the activity of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) with or without EDTA against Candida embedded in biofilm on silicone disk surfaces. Clinical blood isolates from cancer patients infected with Candida albicans or Candida parapsilosis were used. Silicone disks were colonised with C. albicans or C. parapsilosis and were sequentially incubated in plasma and then in Mueller-Hinton broth containing 10(5) colony-forming units of each organism. All tests were performed in triplicate. The disks were subsequently placed and incubated for 6h and 8h in solutions containing ABLC alone, EDTA alone, ABLC+EDTA or broth (control). Disks were then removed, sonicated and colony counts were determined. ABLC+EDTA (30 mg/mL) was significantly more effective than ABLC, EDTA and control against C. parapsilosis at 6h (P < or = 0.01) and against C. albicans at 8h (P < or = 0.04). In patients with catheter-related candidaemia when catheter removal is not feasible, the combination of ABLC+EDTA may be considered for antifungal catheter lock solution as part of a catheter salvage therapy.
“Exact” hartree-fock results for atomic hydrogen crystals†

A method which makes no approximations as to the exchange energy is used to calculate Hartree–Fock wave functions and energies for atomic hydrogen crystals of simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face–centered cubic symmetries. For all three crystal symmetries the Fermi surface is found to be essentially spherical, but the wave functions are locally very atom-like. Equilibrium nearest-neighbor distances are in reasonable agreement with those obtained by previous investigators.
Psychiatric screening in primary care: What do patients really want?

Psychiatric disorders are common in primary care, but underdiagnosed. U.S. physician reluctance to diagnose psychiatric illnesses is partly attributable to the belief that patients do not want their primary care physician to assess mental health. Six hundred one patients in a U.S. general internal medicine practice completed the SCREENER, a self-report questionnaire which screens for 15 psychiatric disorders, and another questionnaire about the SCREENER. Patients were predominantly female, unmarried, black, high school graduates. Only 3% thought that their physician should never evaluate their mental health. More than 60% desired periodic mental health screening, and one third wanted psychiatric assessment only when a problem was suspected. Attitudes toward questionnaire screening were less positive than toward physician interview. Patients were more likely to want screening if they were female, unmarried, young, had a history of mental health treatment, reported psychiatric symptoms, or were in fair-poor subjective physical or mental health.
Trait correlates of relational aggression in a nonclinical sample: DSM-IV personality disorders and psychopathy.

The implications of adult relational aggression in adults for personality pathology are poorly understood. We investigated the association between relational aggression and features of DSM-IV personality disorders and psychopathy in a sample of undergraduates (N = 220). In contrast to the childhood literature, we found no significant difference in relational aggression between men and women. Unlike overt aggression, which correlated about equally highly with features of all three personality disorder clusters, relational aggression correlated significantly more highly with features of Cluster B than Clusters A or C. In addition, even after controlling for overt aggression, relational aggression correlated significantly with features of psychopathy, although only with Factor 2 traits. With the exception of sadistic personality disorder features, gender did not moderate the relationship between relational aggression and personality pathology. Further research on the psycho-pathological implications of relat...
Simulation Studies of Diffusion-Release and Effusive Flow of Short-Lived Radioactive Isotopes

Simulation studies with computer models offer cost effective methods for designing targets and vapor transport systems at Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL)-based radioactive ion beam facilities. A finite difference code, Diffuse II, was developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for studying diffusion-release of short-lived ion species from the three principal target geometries; results derived by use of the code are in close agreement with analytical solutions to Fick’s second equation. A Monte-Carlo code, Effusion, was developed to address issues related to the design of fast vapor transport systems. Results, derived by the use of Effusion closely agree with experimental measurements. These codes and their applications are discussed in this article
Practical engagement programs: the “PEP” at Michigan's School of Information

The School of Information at the University of Michigan has adopted a bold interdisciplinary curriculum focused on creating a new discipline. Two of the program‘s central tenets hold that students will learn the practice of the new discipline in the real‐world activities and that faculty must also establish firm links between their research and the communities which ultimately benefit. Therefore, the School’s Practical Engagement Program is developing models which will sustain and foster practice‐ integration. This article lays out the models and identifies the anticipated challenges.
Kif3a regulates planar polarization of auditory hair cells through both ciliary and non-ciliary mechanisms

Auditory hair cells represent one of the most prominent examples of epithelial planar polarity. In the auditory sensory epithelium, planar polarity of individual hair cells is defined by their V-shaped hair bundle, the mechanotransduction organelle located on the apical surface. At the tissue level, all hair cells display uniform planar polarity across the epithelium. Although it is known that tissue planar polarity is controlled by non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, the hair cell-intrinsic polarity machinery that establishes the V-shape of the hair bundle is poorly understood. Here, we show that the microtubule motor subunit Kif3a regulates hair cell polarization through both ciliary and non-ciliary mechanisms. Disruption of Kif3a in the inner ear led to absence of the kinocilium, a shortened cochlear duct and flattened hair bundle morphology. Moreover, basal bodies are mispositioned along both the apicobasal and planar polarity axes of mutant hair cells, and hair bundle orientation was uncoupled from the basal body position. We show that a non-ciliary function of Kif3a regulates localized cortical activity of p21-activated kinases (PAK), which in turn controls basal body positioning in hair cells. Our results demonstrate that Kif3a-PAK signaling coordinates planar polarization of the hair bundle and the basal body in hair cells, and establish Kif3a as a key component of the hair cell-intrinsic polarity machinery, which acts in concert with the tissue polarity pathway.
Response to long- and short-term salinity in populations of the C4 nonhalophyte Andropogon glomeratus Walter B.S.P.

This research was undertaken to investigate differences in salt tolerance under conditions in which salinity is increased gradually and maintained for long periods or increased rapidly and maintained for shorter periods. The responses of populations of a C4 nonhalophytic grass, Andropogon glomeratus, to long- and short-term salinity were measured under controlled environment conditions. Additionally, plants from a salt marsh population and an inland population were transplanted into a salt marsh and their survival compared. The relative growth reductions in the salt marsh and the inland populations under long-term salinity were similar. Survival of seedlings of 4 populations inundated with full-strength seawater over a relatively short period indicated differential capacities to tolerate soil salinities imposed in a manner similar to tidal inundation in a salt marsh. The greater survival of plants from the marsh population transplanted into the salt marsh further indicated genetic differentiation between the populations. These results indicate that genetic differentiation to salt tolerance in A. glomeratus is better reflected by survival after shortterm salinity events, rather than growth inhibition due to long-term salinity imposed gradually.
Combination trial of subcutaneous recombinant α2b interferon and oral cyclophosphamide in follicular low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

The follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) have been among those tumors demonstrated to show frequent responses to alpha interferon in phase I and II clinical trials. In addition, there are data suggesting that alpha interferon demonstrates synergistic antitumor activity with alkylating agents in animal models for a number of tumors. Based on these data, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) undertook a phase II pilot study of the combination of interferon rlFNα2b (2 × 106 IU/m2 s.c. tiw) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m2 per day orally) with the ultimate purpose of examining this combination as long-term therapy of follicular lymphoma in comparison to oral cyclophosphamide alone. One hundred five advanced stage III or IV eligible patients with pathologically diagnosed International Working Formulation B or C histology were entered on CALGB 8553 to determine toxicity and response rates to the combination. Both previously chemotherapy-treated patients (32) and patients without prior chemotherapy (73) were entered on study. For patients without prior chemotherapy the overall response rate to the combination regimen was 86% with 58% of chemotherapy-treated patients achieving complete response. Chemotherapy-treated patients had a total response rate of 62% with only 25% complete responders. Complete responses in patients without prior chemotherapy were positively correlated with absence of B symptoms, and good performance status and negatively correlated with the histological subtype of follicular mixed small-cleaved and large cell histology (IWF C); only performance status was significantly correlated with response in patients who had previously had chemotherapy. Survival at 5 years is estimated to be 63% for those without chemotherapy and 39% for those previously treated with chemotherapy patients. The maximum toxicities experienced during therapy with the combination regimen of cyclophosphamide and interferon alpha were primarily related to myelosuppression. Sixty-seven percent of patients without prior chemotherapy and 65% of patients receiving prior chemotherapy experienced severe leukopenia while severe thrombocytopenia and anemia occurred in 6-31% of these patients. Non-myelosuppressive toxicities were less frequently seen. These response rates are similar to those achieved in a previous CALGB trial with oral cyclophosphamide as a single agent, although severe myelotoxicity was increased to approximately 60% of patients from less than 10% with the single-agent therapy. The combination of alpha interferon and cyclophosphamide administered in this fashion is safe when peripheral counts are carefully monitored. Randomized studies of this regimen in comparison to oral cyclophosphamide are currently in progress. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The 2000 US Presidential Election: Can Retrospective Voting Be Saved?

According to a portrait of elections widely held in academic political science, election outcomes depend on the ‘fundamentals’, especially peace and prosperity. Al Gore's election showing in 2000 runs counter to the preceding interpretation of elections. Objective conditions pointed to a comfortable victory, if not a landslide, but Gore's narrow popular vote margin fell well below the expectations held by many political scientists. This article attempts to account for Gore's under-performance via detailed analyses of National Election Studies surveys. We find that Gore's often criticized personality was not a cause of his under-performance. Rather, the major cause was his failure to receive a historically normal amount of credit for the performance of the Clinton administration. Secondary contributors were the drag of Clinton's personal affairs and Gore's decision to run to the left of where Clinton had positioned the Democratic party. Quite possibly these three factors are logically related: failure to get normal credit reflected Gore's peculiar campaign, which in turn reflected fear of association with Clinton's behaviour.
Time, topic and trawl: stories about how we reach our past

Legacy web tools attempt to build on information that uses have when they originally conduct web research. In contrast, we examine the information that they have at the time when they attempt to recreate their past. We interviewed 11 non-expert users twice a week for eight weeks in their own physical and computational environments. We used both Google web histories and the prototype Research Trails system as prompts to probe how the participants viewed their past web experiences and how they reconstructed them. The Research Trails system lets users utilize information about both time and topic to help themselves remember and resume everyday research tasks. Based on these observations, a model of users' perceived past web activities informed the iterative refinement of the Research Trails system. The user may see a past action as belonging to multiple categories at the same time or as in different categories at different times.
Special Section: Applications of Hydrologic Tracers

Hydrologic tracers are chemical substances liquid or gaseous found in water and ice that shed light on processes related to the mechanism and rate of ground water recharge, the time of recharge of ground water, flow pathways, the sources of waters making up a water body, water quality, geochemical evolution, carbon and nutrient cycling, rock-water interactions, the origin of salinity, and contaminant fate and transport. Furthermore in association with climatic data, they are instrumental in paleoclimatic reconstructions of temperature and atmospheric composition Clark and Fritz 1997. Some tracers are naturally occurring, whereas others are artificially introduced into the environment as part of controlled experiments. One main class of hydrologic tracers comprises the isotopes, which are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons found in their respective nuclei. Thus oxygen-18 denoted by 18 O differs from oxygen-16 O in that the former features two more neutrons than the latter. Specifically, 18 O has 10 neutrons and 8 protons in its nucleus, whereas O exhibits 8 neutrons and 8 protons. Carbon-14 14 C exhibits two
School labelling as technology of governance: Problematizing ascribed labels to school spaces

Central to contemporary educational reform in the United States are the procedures and techniques that hold schools accountable to the public and render them more visible. Labelling public school performance by ascribing identifiers which deem spaces of education either a success or a failure at educating its students is one way of identifying schools for consumers of education. This yields powerful representations of school quality; what is a “good” school and what is a “bad” school. These labels are problematic given the implications of labelling practices on identities, places, and the public's perception of school spaces. This article focuses upon the technique of labelling, and explores its implications through a critical analysis of the meaning and consequences of the politics of labelling with respect to contemporary education reform. I draw on insights from social theorists and consider primary findings from a survey of inner city public school teachers. These teachers provide views from the inside, a counter-narrative of the labels ascribed to the schools in which they teach. The teacher perceptions of the label's impact on attitudes and behaviours highlight the need to contest and demystify hegemonic labels of contemporary reform. Etiqueter les ecoles en tant que technologie de gouvernance: La problematisation des etiquettes attribuees aux espaces scolaires Au cœur de la reforme actuelle de l’education aux Etats-Unis se trouvent les procedures et les techniques qui obligent les ecoles a rendre des comptes au public et qui accroissent leur visibilite. Etiqueter la performance des ecoles publiques, en attribuant a chacune une identite qui qualifie les espaces d’enseignement selon la reussite ou l’echec scolaire de leurs etudiants est un moyen utilise par les consommateurs de l’education pour classer les ecoles. Il en resulte des representations decisives de la qualite des ecoles qui permettent de les distinguer selon qu’elles soient « bonnes » ou « mauvaises ». Ces etiquettes suscitent des enjeux qui apparaissent en raison des implications des pratiques d’etiquetage sur les identites, les lieux, et la perception par le public des espaces scolaires. Cet article traite de la technique de l’etiquetage et propose une analyse critique des implications qui porte plus particulierement sur le sens et les consequences de la politique d’etiquetage en lien avec la reforme actuelle de l’education. Je m’inspire des travaux des theoriciens de la societe et des conclusions qui se degagent d’une enquete menee aupres d’enseignants des ecoles publiques des quartiers centraux. Ces enseignants offrent, a partir d’une perspective interne, une vision alternative des etiquettes attribuees aux ecoles ou ils enseignent. Leurs perceptions des effets de l’etiquette sur les attitudes et les comportements mettent en relief la necessite de s’inscrire en faux et de demystifier les etiquettes hegemoniques de la reforme actuelle.
An examination of college mathematics majors’ understandings of their own written definitions

Abstract This qualitative study of ten undergraduate mathematics majors examined students’ abilities to write definitions and found that students at the advanced level of undergraduate mathematical study have difficulty creating definitions that conform to their concept images or to accepted definitions of basic concepts. This is due in part to (1) failure to consider key examples when writing definitions, (2) weak concept images for the concept in question, and (3) vague concept images for related concepts. The results of this study have implications for secondary-level and college-level mathematics instruction.
Understanding actor-centered adaptation limits in smallholder agriculture in the Central American dry tropics

Adaptations made by agrarian households in the face of global change risks are largely dependent on their livelihood goals. I argue that adaptation-limit research is crucial to many agrarian development programs because a focus on adaptation limits may allow researchers and practitioners to better understand and support successful adaptation and allow smallholders to pursue their goals. In this study of smallholder farming in Northwest Costa Rica, I found that security and the unique parcelero identity of rice farmers in this region define livelihood goals. I show that an understanding of the multidimensionality and fluidity of farmer livelihood goals may enrich our current understanding of actor-centered adaptation limits as insurmountable thresholds. In response to worsening global change risks, farmers in this study traded off certain goals to pursue others. In this way, farmers do not perceive adaptation limits as insurmountable. Alternative indicators of adaptation limits did exist; irreversibility in adaptation and the great hardship associated with tradeoffs among livelihood goals may mark adaptation limits.