cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictive mapping of air pollution involving sparse spatial observations

A limited number of sample points greatly reduces the availability of appropriate spatial interpolation methods. This is a common problem when one attempts to accurately predict air pollution levels across a metropolitan area. Using ground-level ozone concentrations in the Tucson, Arizona, region as an example, this paper discusses the above problem and its solution, which involves the use of linear regression. A large range of temporal variability is used to compensate for sparse spatial observations (i.e. few ozone monitors). Gridded estimates of emissions of ozone precursor chemicals, which are developed, stored, and manipulated within a geographic information system, are the core predictor variables in multiple linear regression models. Cross-validation of the pooled models reveals an overall R2 of 0.90 and approximately 7% error. Composite ozone maps predict that the highest ozone concentrations occur in a monitor-less area on the eastern edge of Tucson. The maps also reveal the need for ozone monitors in industrialized areas and in rural, forested areas.
Validation studies on an in vitro semicontinuous culture system designed to simulate a bacterial ecosystem of the human intestine

Abstract A semicontinuous culture system (SCCS) inoculated with human intestinal bacteria was used to determine if the metabolic activity in the human intestine could be maintained in vitro. After 43 days, a diverse bacterial population was still present with counts above 4 × 109 bacteria/ml. Bacteroides spp. accounted for approximately 50% of the colonies isolated. Other isolates included Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, Peptococcus, Clostridium, Streptococcus, and Acidaminococcus spp. Acetic, propionic, and butyric acid made up over 90% of the volatile fatty acids. β-Glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, and azoreductase, which were present in the inoculum, were also present after 43 days. Carbon dioxide was the predominant gas (17.81 mmol/l). Hydrogen and methane were detected at 0.66 mmol/l and 3.67 mmol/l, respectively. After 17 days, the azo dye Direct blue 15, was added to the culture and over 90% was metabolized in the first 24 h. Two metabolites, 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine and 4-amino-3,3′-dimethoxybiphenyl, were isolated and identified by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results indicate that diverse, metabolically active cultures can be maintained for prolonged periods and used for studies of xenobiotic metabolism.
Population density elites and the distribution of infrastructural resources in Thailand.

This paper operationalizes both political-economic and ecological/economic explanations of infrastructure development (roads water electrification) using 1970 provincial data (except for the Bangkok Metropolis) from Thailand. The political-economic approach states that because elites make decisions which disproportionately benefit the interests of their class policies create or perpetuate regional economic inequalities. This approach stresses the needs of both "central" and "non-central" elites as a key force behind policy implementation in sharp contrast to the public need imagery of ecological/economic formulations. In Thailand decision making is extremely centralized policy is highly elitist and there are clear examples of the use of development policy for accumulation and social control. The findings support those of previous studies; the distribution of infrastructural resources is primarily a function of gross provincial product per capita (GPP) density and the presence of elites. The political-economic variables explain almost as much variance in the distribution of infrastructural resources as do the ecological/economic variables. Because Thailand is a patrimonial society both patrons and clients possess resources which the other needs. Provincial elites in their role as clients are able to demand resources and therefore villages without a large local elite political stratum fail to receive a share of available projects and resources. Both the inherent elitism in patrimonial policy making and the actual behavior of provincial entrepreneurs administrators and bureaucrats show that resources are allocated where elites are present.
THE WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE OF THE EFFECT OF 8-METHOXYPSORALEN PLUS ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON THE INDUCTION OF LATENT SIMIAN VIRUS 40 FROM A MAMMALIAN CELL

— The effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus ultraviolet radiation (UV) of different wavelengths in the region 238–365 nm on the induction of SV40 from SV40-transformed Syrian hamster kidney cells was investigated. Results indicate that 8-MOP + UV treatment activates as much as 1000-fold more virus than UV alone at wavelengths in the region 302–365 nm. At wavelengths below 302 nm, 8-MOP addition to cells prior to irradiation shows little, if any, effect. A wavelength dependence for this viral induction is presented.
Performance-driven partitioning using retiming and replication

We propose a novel paradigm for two-way circuit partitioning which minimizes the clock cycle. The replication technique is suggested for feedback loops to minimize the impacts of intermodule delays and the crossing edges when necessary. A flow timing cut is devised to produce partitions which can be guaranteed to achieve clock cycles equal to their lower bound with respect to the partitions using retiming. When the clock cycle optimization is the major objective and feedback loop sizes are not large, we propose an efficient, easy to implement algorithm which still guarantees achieving the lower bound clock cycle with respect to its partition. Experimental results have shown that our algorithms can achieve an average of 15% clock cycle time reduction compared to the best retimed results produced by 20 runs on each test case using a Fiduccia-Mattheyses algorithm.
Thromboxane A2 acts on the brain to mediate hemodynamic, adrenocorticotropin, and cortisol responses

Conditions that increase the formation of thromboxane A2(TxA2) also result in activation of hemodynamic and adrenocortical responses. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TxA2 ...
Eliminating the major tornado threat in Tornado Alley

The 2013 devastating tornadoes in Oklahoma, Illinois and other states in Tornado Alley raise an important question: Can we do something to eliminate the major tornado threats in Tornado Alley? Violent tornadoes in Tornado Alley start from the clash-between northbound warm air flow and southbound cold air flow. As there is no mountain in Tornado Alley ranging from west to east to weaken or block the air flows, some clashes are violent, creating vortex turbulence called supercells. These supercells are initially in horizontal spinning motion at the lower atmosphere and then tilt as the air turns to rise in the storm's updraft, creating a component of spin around a vertical axis. About 30% of supercells develop into tornadoes, causing tremendous damages. Here we show that if we build three east–west great walls in the American Midwest, 300 m high and 50 m wide, one in North Dakota, one passing Oklahoma to east and the third one in the south Texas and Louisiana, we will weaken or block such air mass clashes and therefore diminish the major tornado threat in the Tornado Alley forever. We may also first build such great walls locally at some areas with frequent devastating tornado outbreaks and then gradually extend them.
Growth Factors, Oncogenes, and Protein Kinase C

Subconfluent cultures of 3T3 fibroblasts were labeled to isotopic equilibrium with [3 H]glycerol and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography after extraction of lipids to determine the levels of [3 H]diacylglycerol (DAG) in comparison to the total amount of3 H incorporated into cellular lipid. The transformed cells used in this study were always compared to their true parental clone and were of recent origin to decrease the possibility that observed changes are merely reflecting long-term cell divergence.
Antrochoanal polyps in children.

Although relatively rare, antrochoanal polyps represent one of the most common types of polyp diagnosed in children without cystic fibrosis. In an attempt to better define this entity and discuss t...
Identification of meloidogynids

Often two people look at the same nematode specimen at low magnification with a dissecting microscope and see very different pictures. The observer with much experience with a certain group of nematodes sees many details because those features have been examined many times before and frequently at higher magnifications. Whereas, the observer with little experience may not be familiar with certain morphological characters, and therefore he may be unable to ascertain them at low power. The approach to the identification of the meloidogynids in the present chapter is to recognize certain promorphs from characters that can be seen with a dissecting microscope, and to identify nests of species from characters visible with a light microscope. It is hoped that the characters used for the identification of promorphs will be readily visible by observers that are not so familiar with the meloidogynids.
Experiencing Court, Experiencing Race Perceived Procedural Injustice Among Court Users

Critical race theorists (CRTs) posit that racism is endemic in American society, neutrality is a myth, experiential knowledge of racial minorities should be privileged and race is merely a social c...
Using macroinvertebrates to assess ecological integrity of streams remediated for acid mine drainage

Studies assessing stream restoration of acid mine drainage (AMD) usually use community metrics that emphasize only a few attributes of ecological integrity. We used a variety of measures to examine recovery of macroinvertebrate communities in a watershed receiving passive treatment for AMD. We measured density, richness, functional diversity (FD), taxonomic diversity (Δ, a measure of taxonomic relatedness), and community taxonomic composition at 4 stream sites over an 11-year period: 1 reference not affected by AMD, 2 downstream of treatment systems, and 1 AMD-impacted site with no treatment. Our objectives were to determine if communities have responded to remediation, and examine whether FD and Δ provided additional insights into ecology integrity. Richness, FD, and Δ at the reference site were significantly higher than for other sites, but did not consistently differentiate treated and untreated sites. Additional information provided by FD and Δ on attributes related to functional redundancy and taxonomic relatedness was self-evident given the simplicity of nonreference communities. Ordination of community composition incorporating knowledge of taxa autecologies indicated that treated sites were slightly less impacted than the untreated site, and trend analysis indicated slight improvement at 1 treated site. However, communities below treatment remained taxonomically distinct, with much lower densities than reference condition. Macroinvertebrate communities showed less recovery than was determined for benthic diatom communities at the same sites in a previous study. Several attributes of ecological integrity for different types of stream organisms should be incorporated into bioassessment of AMD restoration because they can vary in their response.
Statistical path tracing in timing graphs

Path tracing is a key requirement in providing various functionalities in a Static Timing Analysis (STA) tool. With growing design sizes and advancements in STA techniques like statistical timing analysis, path tracing techniques need to be more efficient and accurate. Naive extensions of path tracing techniques for statistical timing analysis are found to be inefficient and inaccurate. In this paper, we present a novel Statistical Path Tracing (SPT) approach and illustrate its application in Common Path Pessimism Removal (CPPR). We demonstrate that SPT is more efficient and accurate when compared to a Deterministic Path Tracing (DPT) approach.
Osteomyelitis associated with Nocardiopsis composta in a dog

We report the first detection of Nocardiopsis composta in association with osteomyelitis in a young male miniature Australian shepherd dog. Findings included suppurative osteomyelitis containing intralesional Fite's acid fast bacilli, aerobic culture of branching Gram-positive rods, and positive identification via phenotypic analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing.
Krukenberg's Spindles

Forty-three patients who initially presented with Krikenberg's spindles but with no glaucomatous field defects were observed for an average of 5.8 years in an attempt to evaluate the prognostic implication of spindle presence. Twenty-two of the patients had been followed for a minimum of five years. Analysis of the study population revealed that there were more women than men, (26 vs. 17), the women were older than the men, and more women had positive glucose tolerance tests (25% vs. 0). Only two of the patients, both women, developed glaucomatous field defects during the period of observation. Thus, the presence of a Krukenberg's spindle in a patient with no visual field defect is not a particularly ominous sign.
Classical second messengers are not involved in proteinase-induced degranulation of airway gland cells.

Neutral serine proteinases such as mast cell chymase, cathepsin G, and neutrophil elastase are far more potent secretagogues for airway gland serous cells than all other agonists studied (e.g., histamine and bradykinin). To determine the mechanism of proteinase-induced secretion, we investigated the stimulation-secretion coupling in cultured bovine serous cells. Histamine stimulates degranulation of serous cells via adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-, protein kinase C-, and intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i )-dependent pathways. Similarly, bradykinin-induced secretion involves inositol phosphates, protein kinase C, and [Ca 2+ ] i . Degranulation caused by both agonists also depends on the activity of an endogenous metalloprotease, which is required in a late step of stimulation-secretion coupling, i.e., after Ca 2+ entry. On the basis of the effect of different inhibitors, this metalloprotease is a Zn 2+ - and Ca 2+ -dependent enzyme similar to a gelatinase A synthesized by serous cells. In marked contrast to other secretagogues, degranulation induced by chymase, cathepsin G, and neutrophil elastase neither involves the classical second messengers nor the activity of the endogenous metalloprotease. These observations suggest that exogenous proteinases such as chymase, cathepsin G, and elastase may substitute for or mimic the action of an endogenous metalloprotease and directly activate degranulation, bypassing the signal transduction mechanisms necessary for secretion caused by other agonists.
Industrialisation Strategies and Gender Composition of Manufacturing Employment in Turkey

During the past decade, the literature on women and development as well as the literature on the new international division of labour have frequently emphasised the growing share of female employment in manufacturing under export-led industrialisation. Many authors have documented the often repressive conditions of women’s employment (Elson and Pearson, 1981; Nash and Fernandez-Kelly, 1983), some characterising this industrialisation strategy as ‘female-led industrialisation’ (Joekes, 1982), others as a process of ‘bloody taylorization’ (Lipietz, 1987, pp. 75-6). Beyond an appreciation of the repressive working conditions, these conceptualisations include widely accepted characterisations of women’s location in manufacturing employment. It is held as a near-axiomatic truth that in the current phase of the international division of labour, Third World countries specialise in labour intensive production of commodities with low skill content, and women constitute a high proportion of the labour force in these sectors. Such characterisations of women’s employment raise the question of whether these characteristics are peculiar to export-led industrialisation or are more general features of women’s employ-ment in the industrialisation process.
Prevention and Management of Behavior Problems: The TEACCH Approach

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a community-based program for the treatment and education of autistic and related communication-handicapped children (TEACCH). It reviews the seven viable and sustaining concepts and principles through which new techniques have been tested and applied in the North Carolina program. It also discusses how behavior problems are prevented and resolved in such a system. The TEACCH Program was developed in reaction against the misunderstanding and mistreatment from Freudian theories, meted out to families of children with autism. This community-based program, the product of parent-professional collaboration, formed the basis for screening, and for introducing new intervention techniques as these were replicated and shown effective. For a long-term developmental challenge like autism, it is more appropriate to aim for optimum adaptation, individualized treatment and education, structured teaching, emphasis on skills, usefulness of cognitive and behavior therapy applied in a developmental context, and intervention and training in the TEACCH system. The chapter also reviews how behavior problems are resolved within the TEACCH system.
Arrested α-hydride migration activates a phosphido ligand for C-H insertion.

Bulky tris(carbene)borate ligands provide access to high spin iron(II) phosphido complexes. The complex PhB(MesIm)3FeP(H)Ph is thermally unstable, and [PPh] group insertion into a C–H bond of the supporting ligand is observed. An arrested α-hydride migration mechanism suggests increased nucleophilicity of the phosphorus atom facilitates [PPh] group transfer reactivity.
Analysis of variations in the display of drug names in computerized prescriber-order-entry systems.

Purpose The variations in how drug names are displayed in computerized prescriber-order-entry (CPOE) systems were analyzed to determine their contribution to potential medication errors. Methods A diverse set of 10 inpatient and outpatient CPOE system vendors and self-developed CPOE systems in 6 U.S. healthcare institutions was evaluated. A team of pharmacists, physicians, patient-safety experts, and informatics experts created a CPOE assessment tool to standardize the assessment of CPOE features across the systems studied. Hypothetical scenarios were conducted with test patients to study the medication ordering workflow and ways in which medications were displayed in each system. Brand versus generic drug name ordering was studied at 1 large outpatient system to understand why prescribers ordered both brand and generic forms of the same drug. Results Widespread variations in the display of drug names were observed both within and across the 6 study sites and 10 systems, including the inconsistent display of brand and generic names. Some displayed drugs differently even on the same screen. Combination products were often displayed inconsistently, and some systems required prescribers to know the first drug listed in the combination in order for the correct product to appear in a search. It also appeared that prescribers may have prescribed both brand and generic forms of the same medication, creating the potential for drug duplication errors. Conclusion A review of 10 CPOE systems revealed that medication names were displayed inconsistently, which can result in confusion or errors in reviewing, selecting, and ordering medications.
Simultaneous space and ground‐based observations of a plasmaspheric virtual resonance

We present simultaneous space and ground-based observations of Pi2 pulsations which occurred during a substorm on 25 September 2014. The timeline for this event starts at ∼ 06:04 UT when the THEMIS probe D located inside the plasmasphere detected Pi2 pulsations in the electric and magnetic fields. Cross-spectral analysis shows the azimuthal electric field and compressional magnetic field oscillated nearly in quadrature, highly suggestive of a standing fast-mode wave. Simultaneous Pi2 observations from dayside and nightside ground magnetometers at low latitudes indicate a global wave mode. A latitudinal magnetometer chain on the nightside observed a phase reversal in the H component of the Pi2 pulsations when crossing the footprint of the plasmapause, estimated from THEMIS spacecraft measurements. Spectral analysis of data from ground magnetometers in this latitudinal chain showed fundamental and second harmonic spectral peaks in their H and D components. Similar pulsation signatures at comparable harmonic frequencies were observed by three mid-latitude SuperDARN HF radars, both poleward and equatorward of the plasmapause ionospheric footprint. Finally, the longitudinal polarization pattern and azimuthal phase propagation of mid-latitude Pi2 pulsations are consistent with previous observations of a plasmaspheric virtual resonance being excited by a longitudinally localized source near midnight.
Enhancement of diuresis with metolazone in infant paediatric cardiac intensive care patients

Background Few data are available regarding the use of metolazone in infants in cardiac intensive care. Researchers need to carry out further evaluation to characterise the effects of this treatment in this population. Methods This is a descriptive, retrospective study carried out in patients less than a year old. These infants had received metolazone over a 2-year period in the paediatric cardiac intensive care unit at our institution. The primary goal was to measure the change in urine output from 24 hours before the start of metolazone therapy to 24 hours after. Patient demographic variables, laboratory data, and fluid-balance data were analysed. Results The study identified 97 infants with a mean age of 0.32±0.25 years. Their mean weight was 4.9±1.5 kg, and 58% of the participants were male. An overall 63% of them had undergone cardiovascular surgery. The baseline estimated creatinine clearance was 93±37 ml/minute/1.73 m2. Initially, the participants had received a metolazone dose of 0.27±0.10 mg/kg/day, the maximum dose being 0.43 mg/kg/day. They had also received other diuretics during metolazone initiation, such as furosemide (87.6%), spironolactone (58.8%), acetazolamide (11.3%), bumetanide (7.2%), and ethacrynic acid (1%). The median change in urine output after metolazone was 0.9 ml/kg/hour (interquartile range 0.15–1.9). The study categorised a total of 66 patients (68.0%) as responders. Multivariable analysis identified acetazolamide use (p=0.002) and increased fluid input in the 24 hours after metolazone initiation (p 0.05). Conclusions Metolazone increased urine output in a select group of patients. Efficacy can be maximised by strategic selection of patients.
Continuous flash sintering

We develop an algorithm that relates the incubation time for flash initiation to the workpiece velocity as it is pulled through stationary electrodes in a continuous flash sintering experiment. Experiments with a whiteware green body that is sintered in this way are compared with the model. A processing map when the workpiece is drawn at a constant velocity is developed. The parameter space for the map is given by the speed and the current flowing through the workpiece. It distinguishes between the regimes for uniform and inhomogeneous sintering. All experiments were carried out at a furnace temperature of 900°C. The study shows the viability of continuous flash sintering of ceramics at speeds of up to 3 mm s−1 with electrodes that form a line contact with the workpiece. Remarkably, higher velocities and higher currents yield better sintering.
Recovering the missing middle: A mesocomparative analysis of within-group inequality, 1970–2011

This study assesses the causes of within-group inequality, or the inequality occurring among workers and households otherwise similar on observed characteristics. The author situates his research in a longitudinal analysis of local labor markets to determine the heterogeneous set of causes of within-group inequality. A data set is constructed locating within- and between-group portions of male wage, female wage, and household income inequality from nine waves of the integrated public use microdata series from the U.S. census in 722 temporally stable geographical units that cover the entire contiguous United States. Results from heteroscedastic and multilevel repeated-measures regression models reveal that within-group inequality follows economic development along a U-shaped pattern and that the well-established curvilinear relationship between development and inequality occurs specifically through the within-group portion of wages and incomes. Other factors—including sector change, occupational task conce...
Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces hormonal and male sexual behavioral changes: Hypoxia as an advancer of aging.

Abstract Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by intermittent periods of low blood oxygen levels. The risk for sleep apnea increases with age and is more prevalent in men than women. A common comorbidity of sleep apnea includes male sexual dysfunction, but it is not clear if a causal relationship exists between sleep apnea and sexual dysfunction. Possible mechanisms that link these two disorders include oxidative stress and testosterone. Oxidative stress is elevated in clinical patients with sleep apnea and in rodents exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), an animal model for apnea-induced hypopnea. Further, oxidative stress levels increase with age. Therefore, age may play a role in sleep apnea-induced sexual dysfunction and oxidative stress generation. To investigate this relationship, we exposed gonadally intact 3 (young) and 12 (middle-aged) month old male F344/BN F1 hybrid male rats to 8 days of CIH, and then examined male sexual function. Plasma was used to assess circulating oxidative stress and hormone levels. Middle-aged male rats had lower testosterone levels with increased sexual dysfunction and oxidative stress, independent of CIH. However, CIH decreased testosterone levels and increased sexual dysfunction and oxidative stress only in young gonadally intact male rats, but not in gonadectomized young rats with physiological testosterone replacement. In sum, CIH had a greater impact on younger gonadally intact animals, with respect to sexual behaviors, testosterone, and oxidative stress. Our data indicate CIH mimics the effects of aging on male sexual behavior in young gonadally intact male rats.
Guidelines for speech interactions between pilot and cognitive assistant

Over the last three years, the MITRE Corporation has been developing a cognitive assistant concept for pilots called Digital Copilot. Digital Copilot reduces pilot workload and increases safety by offloading pilot tasks, increasing task efficiency, and inferring pilot intent to provide the right information at the right time. As with many existing cognitive assistants (e.g., Amazon's Alexa or Apple's Siri), speech, both as a device input and output, is a major component of the interface. In this paper, we will introduce the Digital Copilot concept, discuss the challenges of speech-based interfaces in the cockpit, and suggest ten principals for the design of speech-based interfaces gleaned from literature review, flight testing, and simulator studies of Digital Copilot with General Aviation pilots.
Genetic Dissection — An Approach to Neurobiology

This chapter serves two purposes: First, to show how genetics can be used as a tool in neurobiological research and, secondly, to argue that bacteria and protozoa can be used as model systems for such an interdisciplinary approach.
Face/Core Debond Buckling and Growth

The face/core debond is justifiably considered to be a weak link in the use of sandwich structures. This is because such debonds tend to grow and eventually completely delaminate the face sheet. The most common cause of these defects is poor or missing bonding due to careless manufacturing or a mismatch in the geometry. Similar defects may also arise during service due to thermo-mechanical loads, impact events, or structural fatigue. Debonds or delaminations are susceptible to the phenomenon of “delamination buckling” which occurs when local compressive loading is introduced at the debond site.
Comparison of transdermal versus oral estradiol on endometrial receptivity.

Objective To compare the effects of oral micronized E 2 with transdermal E 2 on endometrial receptivity in women undergoing oocyte donation. Design Prospective, randomized, crossover trial. Serum E 2 and P concentrations were measured on cycle days 14 and 22 (luteal day +8). Endometrial biopsies were obtained on day 22 and read in a blinded fashion for histology and β -3-integrin expression. Setting University-based donor oocyte program. Patients Twenty-seven patients presenting for donor oocytes. Main Outcome Measures Endometrial histology and β -3-integrin expression. Results The endometrial glandular histology in women given oral micronized E 2 was delayed by a mean of 1.6 days in comparison to that of women given transdermal E 2 . Seventy percent of women given oral E 2 displayed a lag ≥4 days whereas 29.6% given transdermal E 2 displayed a similar lag. Serum E 2 levels were 1,194±108.8pg/mL (mean±SEM; conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671) in women on oral micronized E 2 and 117.4±14.0pg/mL in those on transdermal E 2 . Conclusion The supraphysiologic serum E 2 levels associated with oral micronized E 2 may have a deleterious impact on endometrial receptivity. The development of more physiologic hormone replacement protocols may enhance endometrial receptivity and lead to improved clinical pregnancy rates.
Virtual auditory aperture passability

Two experiments investigated (1) the ability of individuals to perceive the passability of apertures that are constructed using two virtual sounds sources and (2) the nature of the perceptual information that is used when determining passability in such a way. In the first experiment, participants judged whether they could successfully walk between two sound sources, heard through headphones, without turning their shoulders. We hypothesized that judgements would be accurate and driven by the detection of a proposed informational variable that relates head rotation, forward locomotion and aperture width. To test this hypothesis, we used motion tracking and a gain manipulation to alter apparent head rotation relative to virtual sound source positions and evaluated the effect on performance. Participants were able to accurately judge aperture passability based only on acoustic information. However, the gain manipulation did not show a significant influence on perceptual reports. The unexpected significant influence of lateral head movement on perceptual accuracy, however, does suggest that an alternative informational variable, based on lateral movement, may have been used. In the second experiment, a group of participants with wide shoulders was compared to a group with narrow shoulders on a similar task. Significant differences in minimally acceptable aperture width were found between the wide and narrow groups. When these aperture widths were scaled to the participants' shoulder widths, however, the differences were no longer present. These findings are consistent with previous studies investigating perception of passability and offer promising applications of virtual reality technology in the study of auditory perceptual abilities.
Charles Ellis Johnson and the Erotic Mormon Image

I thought I knew the big names in early Mormon photography. There is Charles Roscoe Savage, most famous for photographing the completion of the transcontinental railroad. There is Edward Martin, le...
Three-photon FLIM microscopy to investigate tryptophan in prostate cancer cells (Conference Presentation)

Imaging natural fluorescence of the endogenous molecules is of clinical importance. Amino acids like Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and Tryptophan, structural proteins like collagen and elastin, and coenzymes directly involved in cellular metabolism like Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAD(P)H) and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD). Each endogenous molecule absorbs and emits at different wavelengths and has been used to detect various cancer including prostate cancer (PCa), based on fluorescence intensity. NAD(P)H and FAD provide detectable natural autofluorescence signals to monitor metabolic flux. Among listed amino acids, tryptophan (Trp) provides the strongest fluorescence signals. It has been shown by biochemical methods that degradation or reduction in the abundance of the Trp indicates the presence of cancer in biological systems. The one-photon absorption of Trp is 260 nm which is phototoxic to the cells. The emission of Trp is 300-400 nm. Most of the optical microscopy system transmits maximally starting from 400 nm. To meet the Trp requirement, we configured the Zeiss 780 to provide maximum emission signal about 80% at 340 nm at the ND output port for three-photon excitation. The spectral sensitivity of the detector used for Trp imaging is 300-650 nm which is integrated with the Zeiss780 system. A ROI-based segmented cell FLIRR assays was developed to investigate the interaction between NAD(P)H and Trp.
A 25-Gb/s Avalanche Photodetector-Based Burst-Mode Optical Receiver With 2.24-ns Reconfiguration Time in 28-nm CMOS

This paper describes an avalanche photodetector (APD)-based optical receiver, applicable to the burst-mode operation, in 28-nm CMOS technology. With the aims of benefiting the overall optical link power efficiency and link bandwidth, the optical receiver is designed to have high sensitivity and high reconfiguration speed for burst-mode operation. The sensitivity of the receiver is optimized by adjusting the responsivity of APD via its reverse bias voltage, which leads to the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the front end. The two-tap feed-forward equalization (FFE), along with two-tap decision feedback equalization, is implemented in a current-integrating fashion to further improve the sensitivity with superior power efficiency to their resistively loaded counterparts. Integrating dc comparator and integrating amplitude comparator are proposed to replace the conventional RC low-pass filters and peak detectors, respectively, in extracting the information of dc offset and signal amplitude within two unit intervals (UIs), empowering significant acceleration of the burst-mode reconfiguration. When the APD is biased at −16 V, its overall responsivity at 1310 nm is 4 A/W, and the optical receiver achieves bit-error-rate (BER) better than 10−12 at −16-dBm optical modulation amplitude, 2.24-ns reconfiguration time with 5-dB dynamic range, and 1.37-pJ/b energy efficiency at 25 Gb/s.
Treat‐to‐target and shared decision making in rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Is it feasible?

Aim Current rheumatoid arthritis (RA) guidelines have incorporated a treat-to-target (T2T) approach and require that it be implemented through shared decision making (SDM). Current discourse has questioned whether collaborative T2T is feasible in RA, in part because of discrepancies in the way that patients and practitioners assess progress and decide whether to consider a change in the current treatment. A previous study found that patients' willingness to change is directly associated with their disease activity (DA) scores. The current study continues this line of research by developing and testing a model that describes the role of DA and illness beliefs on RA patients' progress assessments. Method A questionnaire administered to 156 patients with RA included a self-assessed DA measure (Rapid-4), an illness belief battery (BIPQ), and a progress assessment question. These items populated a descriptive model, based on situation awareness (SA) theory. It posits that progress assessment scores are products of 3 sequential steps: perception, understanding, and forecasting. The first 2 steps were measured by DA scores, the 3rd by illness beliefs. The model was tested using general linear model techniques. Results All six measures were significantly related to progress assessment scores. The full SA model accounted for over 50% of the variance. The best fitting model included a pain measure at step 1, global disability at step 2, and illness beliefs at step 3. Conclusion Findings suggest that implementing T2T through SDM is feasible, that there is substantial commonality between how patients and practitioners assess progress, and that discrepancies may be complementary and addressed through interaction. The SA model helps to explain previous findings about the influence of illness beliefs on patients' judgments. It is suggested that future studies acknowledge the feasibility of collaborative T2T and focus attention on how it can work more effectively and comprehensively.
Type 1 Errors of Interaction Effects Due to Collinearity of Primary Terms

In this paper we illustrate conditions where, in OLS regression, statistically significant interaction term results may in fact be Type 1 errors. It is known, though not widely considered in practi...
Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Microalgae with Different Lipid Content Using Electrorotation and Negative Dielectrophoresis Cell Trap

This paper presents a precise measurement of dielectric properties of cells, especially microalgae having different intracellular lipid content by using a combination of electrorotation (ROT) and negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) force-based cell trapping method. To achieve this, eight electrode pairs were built within a microchannel, sharing the same geometrical center. A single microalgal cell was trapped and levitated in the center by nDEP force generated from four electrode pairs, while simultaneously ROT torque was generated from the other four pairs to rotate the trapped cell. This method allows conducting ROT measurement at up to ~100 MHz on a single trapped cell. As a result, both the cytoplasm conductivity and permittivity that depends on intracellular lipid content differences could be accurately analyzed based on the rotation speed of the cell.
Recurrent tumor and treatment-induced effects have different MR signatures in contrast enhancing and non-enhancing lesions of high-grade gliomas.

BACKGROUND Differentiating treatment-induced injury from recurrent high-grade glioma is an ongoing challenge in neuro-oncology, in part due to lesion heterogeneity. This study aimed to determine whether different MR features were relevant for distinguishing recurrent tumor from the effects of treatment in contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) and non-enhancing lesions (NEL). METHODS This prospective study analyzed 291 tissue samples (222 recurrent tumor, 69 treatment-effect) with known coordinates on imaging from 139 patients who underwent preoperative 3T MRI and surgery for a suspected recurrence. 8 MR parameter values were tested from perfusion-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and MR spectroscopic imaging at each tissue sample location for association with histopathological outcome using generalized estimating equation models for CEL and NEL tissue samples. Individual cutoff values were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with 5-fold cross-validation. RESULTS In tissue samples obtained from CEL, elevated relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was associated with the presence of recurrent tumor pathology (P < 0.03), while increases in normalized choline (nCho) and choline-to-NAA index (CNI) were associated with the presence of recurrent tumor pathology in NEL tissue samples (P < 0.008). A mean CNI cutoff value of 2.7 had the highest performance, resulting in mean sensitivity and specificity of 0.61 and 0.81 for distinguishing treatment-effect from recurrent tumor within the NEL. CONCLUSION Although our results support prior work that underscores the utility of rCBV in distinguishing the effects of treatment from recurrent tumor within the contrast enhancing lesion, we found that metabolic parameters may be better at differentiating recurrent tumor from treatment-related changes in the NEL of high-grade gliomas.
MRI in Degenerative Disease of the Spine

Degenerative disease of the spine is the most common indication for spinal imaging. Here, we discuss the degenerative pathology that occurs in all three spinal segments as these changes can be a primary source of the patient’s pain. This includes a discussion about the intervertebral disks and the changes that occur both with normal aging such as desiccation and flattening and pathologically such a herniations and fissures. It also includes a discussion about the different spinal joints such as facet joints and uncovertebral joints which hypertrophy, as well as important ligaments involved in degenerative disease such as the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum. Additionally, these changes occurring in the disks, joints, and ligaments can cause cumulative effects which narrow the spinal canal and neural foramen, potentially adding to the patient’s symptoms.
Perianal Crohn's Disease.

CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old man presents to your office with a perianal abscess and occasional mild crampy abdominal pain. You take him to the operating room for an examination under anesthesia (EUA) with incision and drainage of the abscess and note a transphincteric fistula tract through which you place a seton and 2 large skin tags. The anal canal and rectum are without ulceration, but there are mild proctitis and nonprolapsing internal hemorrhoids. Because of a concern for Crohn's disease (CD), he undergoes magnetic resonance enterography and colonoscopy. The magnetic resonance enterography shows inflammation in 20 cm of the distal terminal ileum, and colonoscopy reveals approximately 10 ulcers <5 mm in the terminal ileum without significant narrowing. He is seen in consultation for the initiation of a monoclonal antibody and returns to see you in the office after his first 3 infusions. He is feeling well, has significantly decreased drainage from the perianal fistula, but would really like his seton and skin tags removed while you are there.
Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole sikorae species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Madagascar.

The present study represents a taxonomic revision of the Pheidole sikorae species group from Madagascar. Forty-four members of this group are recognised and described, and an illustrated identification key to this group is also presented. One species is raised to species level: P. litigiosa Forel, 1892 stat. nov.Pheidole veteratrix angustinoda Forel, 1892 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Pheidole veteratrix Forel, 1891. Worker castes are also described and lectotypes designated for P. litigiosa Forel, 1892, P. sikorae Forel, 1891, and P. veteratrix Forel, 1891. The following 41 new species are described: P. alinasp. nov., P. ambohimangasp. nov., P. analavelonasp. nov., P. andohahelasp. nov., P. anomalasp. nov., P. anosyennesp. nov., P. antranohofasp. nov., P. beankasp. nov., P. befotakasp. nov., P. dasossp. nov., P. flavominutasp. nov., P. gracilissp. nov., P. habokasp. nov., P. havoanasp. nov., P. hazosp. nov., P. itremosp. nov., P. joffrevillesp. nov., P. kelysp. nov., P. lavasoasp. nov., P. mahamavosp. nov., P. maintysp. nov., P. mamiratrasp. nov., P. mananteninasp. nov., P. masoandrosp. nov., P. mavohavoanasp. nov., P. midongysp. nov., P. mikrossp. nov., P. mivorysp. nov., P. nitidobrunasp. nov., P. parvulasp. nov., P. parvulogibbasp. nov., P. reniranosp. nov., P. savasp. nov., P. sofiasp. nov., P. sparsasp. nov., P. tamponysp. nov., P. trichotossp. nov., P. tsaravonianasp. nov., P. vadumsp. nov., P. volontanysp. nov., and P. vonysp. nov. At present, there are 109 valid species and subspecies of Pheidole known from Madagascar, but this number is expected to increase with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study.
Microstructural progression of shear-induced mixing in a CuNi alloy

Abstract Shear deformation has been highlighted in multiple research efforts for its ability to impart novel microstructures that demonstrate improvements in mechanical properties. When used to process and densify powdered material, these shear-based consolidation techniques are commonly referred to as friction consolidation (FC). In this paper, the microstructural evolution from compacted Cu and Ni powders to a consolidated Cu0.5Ni0.5 alloy is examined. Various stages of porosity reduction and deformation are shown. Deformation was observed to accumulate preferentially in the more ductile material early in the process, leading to the formation of a tortuous microstructural zone. Porosity reduction was extensive, decreasing from ~65% in the pre-compacted state to ~1% in the fully consolidated alloy. The final consolidated alloy showed a ~2× hardness improvement over the unalloyed, compacted material. Unique aspects of this work include demonstration of FC processing to produce an equiaxed, sub-micrometer grain size in samples within a 0.5 to 2 min processing time. The results point to future opportunities to implement shear deformation during powder densification to expand the range of property outcomes in bulk materials.
A Mixed-method Evaluation of the Behavioral Health Integration and Complex Care Initiative Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Background Integrated behavioral health and primary care can improve the health of persons with complex chronic conditions. The Behavioral Health Integration and Complex Care Initiative (BHICCI) implemented integrated care across a large health system. Whether Behavioral Health Organizations (BHOs) and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) implemented the BHICCI differently is unclear. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate integration under the BHICCI and to understand implementation differences between BHOs and FQHCs. Methods We used a convergent parallel mixed-method design. Integration was measured quantitatively using the Maine Health Access Site Self-Assessment (SSA), which was completed by clinic teams at baseline and 24 months, and through n=70 qualitative interviews with initiative stakeholders, which were organized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results were compared to understand how qualitative findings explained quantitative results. Results Data were collected in 7 clinics (n=2 FQHC; n=5 BHOs). FQHCs reported greatest improvement in the client centered subscale, with a baseline score of 4.6 (SD=0.64) and 7.8 (SD=0.89) at 24 months. BHOs reported greatest improvement in the organizational supports for integration subscale, with a baseline score of 4.8 (SD=1.07) and 7.9 (SD=1.1) at 24 months. Our Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research analysis illustrates contextual factors, such as insurance plan supports and clinic-level challenges, that explain these scores. Conclusions All clinical settings received support from the health plan, but differences between BHOs and FQHCs affected integration progress. Study results can help identify organizational practices that advance or undermine the delivery of integrated care across multiple clinical settings.
Diverse mating phenotypes impact the spread of wtf meiotic drivers in S. pombe

Meiotic drivers are genetic loci that break Mendels law of segregation to be transmitted into more than half of the offspring produced by a heterozygote. The success of a driver relies on outcrossing because drivers gain their advantage in heterozygotes. It is, therefore, curious that Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a species reported to rarely outcross, harbors many meiotic drivers. To address this paradox, we measured mating phenotypes in S. pombe natural isolates. We found that the propensity to inbreed varies between natural isolates and can be affected both by cell density and by the available sexual partners. Additionally, we found that the observed level of inbreeding slows, but does not prevent, the spread of a wtf meiotic driver in the absence of additional fitness costs. These analyses reveal parameters critical to understanding the evolution of S. pombe and help explain the success of meiotic drivers in this species.