cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role of Wnt signalling pathway in the hematopoietic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 2794 There is emerging evidence that stem cell biology could provide new insights into cancer biology. Evidence shows that many pathways that are classically associated with cancer may also regulate normal stem cell development. One particularly interesting pathway that has also been shown to regulate both differentiation and oncogenesis in different organs is the Wnt signalling pathway. Wnt proteins are intercellular signaling molecules that regulate development in several organisms and contribute to cancer when dysregulated. Under the appropriate culture conditions, embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate in vitro into complex structures called embryoid bodies (EBs) that contain a number of different cell types. In the present study, the differentiation effect of murine interleukin-3 (mIL-3, Chemicon; 10 μg/ml), human interleukin-6 (hIL-6, Stemcell Technologies Inc., Vancouver, Canada; 10 μg/ml), and Erythropoietin (EPO, Amgen, 3 U/ml) was examined alone or in combination. Cells from EBs were processed for Wright-Giemsa staining, immunofluorenscence staining, RT-PCR and Western Blot experiments after 9 to 14 days of primary differentiation culture and secondary differentiation culture. Here we report that Wnt/β-Catenin signalling down-regulates in hematopoietic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESc). We found that differentiation induced by interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and erythropoietin (EPO) combination resulted in high expression of CD3e, CD11b (Mac-1), CD45R/B220, Ly-6G, and TER-119 in differentiated ES cells. A high expression of β-Catenin was observed in two undifferentiated ES cell lines. Gene and protein expression analysis revealed that the Wnt downstream signalling pathway including β-Catenin, GSK-3β, Axin, and TCF4 was significantly down regulated as ES cells differentiated into hematopoietic progenitors. Our results indicate that Wnt/β-Catenin signalling pathway is essential for the hematopoietic differentiation of murine ESc and may support β-Catenin as a crucial factor in the maintenance of ES cells in their undifferentiated state.
It's Constraints, Not Choices

Opting Out? . Why Women Really Quit Careers and Head Home. By Pamela Stone . University of California Press, Berkeley, 2007. 313 pp. $24.95, £14.95. ISBN 9780520244351. Challenging media claims of a return to tradition, Stone offers a detailed consideration of the reasons why many professional women with children leave the workplace.
Chain growth reactions of methanol on SAPO-34 and H-ZSM5

ABSTRACT Reactions of C 3 H 6 / 13 CH 3 OH mixtures show that chains grow via methylation of adsorbed intermediates with CH 3 OH on H-ZSM5 and SAPO-34 and alkenes desorb via β-scission steps. Turnover rates are faster on H-ZSM5 than on SAPO-34 and they increase with residence time and with the addition of alkenes on H-ZSM5, because β-scission rates are higher for the larger growing chains favored at such conditions. Rates do not increase with alkene concentration on SAPO-34 because transport processes control the rate at which alkenes enter the gas phase. Ethene is a minor product on H-ZSM5 because β-scission pathways favor the formation of C 3 + products. The lower turnover rates, faster deactivation, and higher ethene selectivities on SAPO-34 reflect diffusional constraints imposed by the small connections between intracrystalline cavities. Light alkenes are selectively extracted from equilibrated alkene mixtures formed within elliptical cavities in SAPO-34. The reactivity of alkenes of varying length and structure during 13 CH 3 OH reactions confirms these conclusions. Intermediate transport restrictions lead to maximum ethene selectivities and appear to require small SAPO-34 crystals with few external acid sites.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Water Sorbed on Serum Albumin

Abstract The nuclear magnetic resonance line widths of water sorbed on solid bovine serum albumin have been determined as functions of temperature and water content of the albumin samples. The results indicate that, depending on its amount, the sorbed water may exist in three different states or arrangements. The first of these involves direct binding of water molecules to available polar groups on the protein, with water-water interactions being of relatively little significance. The addition of more water allows interactions among the water molecules and leads to the formation of a hydration shell, the structure of which is markedly different from that of liquid water and is determined by the protein substrate. At any temperature there is a water content past which the influence of the protein becomes of less importance than the interactions of water molecules among themselves, the hydration shell structure is disrupted, and the water structure approaches that of liquid water. The amount of water strongly influenced by the solid protein is apparently less than that for the protein in solution.
Quasi-Three-Dimensional Flow Solution by Meridional Plane Analysis

A computer program has been developed to obtain subsonic or shockfree transonic, nonviscous flow analysis on the hub-shroud mid-channel flow surface of a turbomachine. The analysis may be for any annular passage, with or without blades. The blades may be fixed or rotating and may be twisted and leaned. The flow may be axial, radial or mixed. Blade surface velocities over the entire blade are approximated based on the rate of change of angular momentum. This gives a 3-D flow picture based on a 2-D analysis. The paper discusses the method used for the program and shows examples of the type of passages and blade rows which can be analyzed. Also, some numerical examples are given to show how the program can be used for practical assistance in design of blading, annular passages, and annular diffusers.
Loss of auditory function in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: Results in 143 consecutive cases

Auditory function was studied before and after surgery in 143 consecutive patients who were operated on for hemifacial spasm by microvascular decompression of the intracranial portion of the facial nerve. The acoustic middle ear reflex was abnormal preoperatively in 41% of the patients, indicating that the vascular abnormalities that caused the hemifacial spasm also affected the auditory nerve. Three patients suffered a profound hearing loss in the ear on the operated side, and one lost hearing function totally. In addition, 24 patients had a moderate elevation in the pure-tone threshold at one or more octave frequencies. Of these, 16 patients experienced a hearing loss at only one frequency (8000 Hz), while eight had a threshold evaluation of no more than 20 dB in the speech frequency range (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz). Two patients were deaf on the side of the spasm before the operation. Three patients were not tested postoperatively, and one patient was tested only after surgery. Thus, in this series of 143 patients, only 2.8% suffered a significant hearing loss as a complication of facial nerve decompression to relieve hemifacial spasm.
Winds and the orientation of a coastal plane estuary plume

[1] Based on a calibrated coastal plane estuary plume model, ideal model hindcasts of estuary plumes are used to describe the evolution of the plume pattern in response to river discharge and local wind forcing by selecting a typical partially mixed estuary (the Cape Fear River Estuary or CFRE). With the help of an existing calibrated plume model, as described by Xia et al. (2007), simulations were conducted using different parameters to evaluate the plume behavior type and its change associated with the variation of wind forcing and river discharge. The simulations indicate that relatively moderate winds can mechanically reverse the flow direction of the plume. Downwelling favorably wind will pin the plume to the coasts while the upwelling plume could induce plume from the left side to right side in the application to CFRE. It was found that six major types of plumes may occur in the estuary and in the corresponding coastal ocean. To better understand these plumes in the CFRE and other similar river estuary systems, we also investigated how the plumes transition from one type to another. Results showed that wind direction, wind speed, and sometimes river discharge contribute to plume transitions.
Generation of a tumor spheroid in a microgravity environment as a 3D model of melanoma

An in vitro 3D model was developed utilizing a synthetic microgravity environment to facilitate studying the cell interactions. 2D monolayer cell culture models have been successfully used to understand various cellular reactions that occur in vivo. There are some limitations to the 2D model that are apparent when compared to cells grown in a 3D matrix. For example, some proteins that are not expressed in a 2D model are found up-regulated in the 3D matrix. In this paper, we discuss techniques used to develop the first known large, free-floating 3D tissue model used to establish tumor spheroids. The bioreactor system known as the High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARVs) was used to provide a microgravity environment. The HARVs promoted aggregation of keratinocytes (HaCaT) that formed a construct that served as scaffolding for the growth of mouse melanoma. Although there is an emphasis on building a 3D model with the proper extracellular matrix and stroma, we were able to develop a model that excluded the use of matrigel. Immunohistochemistry and apoptosis assays provided evidence that this 3D model supports B16.F10 cell growth, proliferation, and synthesis of extracellular matrix. Immunofluorescence showed that melanoma cells interact with one another displaying observable cellular morphological changes. The goal of engineering a 3D tissue model is to collect new information about cancer development and develop new potential treatment regimens that can be translated to in vivo models while reducing the use of laboratory animals.
Cardia: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects

In 1984, a prospective cohort study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) was initiated to investigate life-style and other factors that influence, favorably and unfavorably, the evolution of coronary heart disease risk factors during young adulthood. After a year of planning and protocol development, 5,116 black and white women and men, age 18-30 years, were recruited and examined in four urban areas: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, California. The initial examination included carefully standardized measurements of major risk factors as well as assessments of psychosocial, dietary, and exercise-related characteristics that might influence them, or that might be independent risk factors. This report presents the recruitment and examination methods as well as the mean levels of blood pressure, total plasma cholesterol, height, weight and body mass index, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking by age, sex, race and educational level. Compared to recent national samples, smoking is less prevalent in CARDIA participants, and weight tends to be greater. Cholesterol levels are representative and somewhat lower blood pressures in CARDIA are probably, at least in part, due to differences in measurement methods. Especially noteworthy among several differences in risk factor levels by demographic subgroup, were a higher body mass index among black than white women and much higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among persons with no more than a high school education than among those with more education.
Ruben Hernandez-Leon 2008: Metropolitan Migrants: The Migration of Urban Mexicans to the United States. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

A review of the book "Metropolitan Migrants: The Migration of Urban Mexicans to the United States," by Ruben Hernandez-Leon is presented.
The identification of the derivatives of C.I. reactive blue 19 in textile wastewater

Abstract An analytical procedure using a swept-potential electrochemical detector and HPLC for the separation and identification of the hydroxy and vinyl sulfone derivatives of Reactive Blue 19 in textile wastewater was developed. The detection limits are in parts per trillion without preconcentration. The three dimensional data from the instrument provides an extra parameter (potential), which permits easier and more accurate identification. It was determined that the vinyl sulfone form of the dye was the predominant derivative in the wastewater sample.
A computational method for physical rehabilitation assessment

The objective of this research effort is to advance the process of quantifying physical rehabilitation techniques by developing and validating the core technologies needed to integrate therapy instruction with human-robot interaction in order to improve upper-arm rehabilitation. The method presented uses computer vision techniques such as Motion History Imaging (MHI), edge detection, and Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) to quantify movements through robot observation. The results are compared with ground truth data retrieved via the Trimble 5606 Robotic Total Station for the purpose of assessing the efficiency of this approach.
Quantitative Paper-Chromatographic determination of phenols

Abstract A routine paper-chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of phenols is described. After elution, the phenols are measured colorimetrically using the folin-Ciocalteu reagent.
Design of a dual use imager incorporating polarimetric capabilities

This paper presents the design of a visible band imaging polarimeter that can also function as a low light level intensity imager. The polarimeter is based on the division of aperture approach, acquiring four subimages simultaneously on a single CCD array. The system is currently designed to measure the first three normalized components of the Stokes vector through polarization filtering on three of the four available channels. The fourth channel remains unfiltered for radiometric sensing in low power situations. The opto-mechanical design allows for ease of assembly without requiring active alignment techniques, while maintaining a modular system. The modular nature provides a robust, flexible sensor that can be tailored to multiple applications.
Influence of Polydimethylsiloxane on the Formation of 4-Hydroxynonenal in Soybean Oil at Frying Temperature

Soybean oils treated with 25 or 100 ppb polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a control with no PDMS were heated at 180 °C for 48 h. The decomposition of linoleate and tocopherols was monitored, as well as the changes in concentration of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). HNE was rapidly formed at the beginning of the heating period in the control and in the oil containing 25 ppb PDMS. HNE reached a maximum concentration of 0.033 μmol/g oil and then began to slowly decline. The maximum HNE concentration was attained at 18 h in the control oil compared with 28 h in the oil with 25-ppb PDMS. In the oil with 100-ppb PDMS the HNE increased very slowly during the first 32 h after which the HNE increased faster, reaching 0.033 μmol/g oil at 46 h and showed no decline during the 48 h heating period. Thus, PDMS had a beneficial effect in preventing the formation of the toxic HNE.
TAU 2014 contest on removing common path pessimism during timing analysis: Special session paper: Common path pessimism removal (CPPR)

To protect against modeling limitations in considering design and electrical complexities, as well as variability, early and late signal propagation times in static timing analysis are often made pessimistic by addition of extra guard bands. However, these forced early-late splits introduce excessive and undesired pessimism. To this end, common path pessimism removal (CPPR) eliminates guaranteed redundant pessimism during timing analysis. This session aims to highlight the importance of CPPR during timing analysis, as well as explore novel methods for fast CPPR from the top performers of the TAU 2014 timing contest.
The Effects of Glutathione Glycoside in Methyl Mercury Poisoning

The use of glutathione glycoside (GSH-glyc), a compound newly synthesized in our laboratory, was highly effective in raising cellular GSH levels both in vitro and in vivo. Based on mass spectrometry and 1H NMR data, the structure of GSH-glyc was determined to be that of an S-glycoside. Rapid GSH uptake was observed by confocal microscopy in both A549 cells and mouse astrocytes following incubation with GSH-glyc. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) and per oral administration of GSH-glyc in C57BL/6J mice raised GSH concentrations in brain and liver to significantly higher levels than normal. Methyl mercury (MeHg) poisoning of mice with multiple doses of methylmercuric chloride (MMC) induced severe toxic effects associated with marked depletion of brain and liver GSH progressing to death in all animals, whereas the animals primed with GSH-glyc and given MMC and GSH-glyc concurrently were devoid of toxic signs. We suggest, on the basis of D-[3H]glucose and [2- 3H]deoxyglucose uptake studies, that the transport of GSH-glyc across the blood-brain barrier may occur through one of the glucose transport pathways. Although the precise mechanism by which GSH-glyc protects against MeHg poisoning is not clear, it is probable that any one of a number of factors, including conjugation of MeHg, scavenging of free radicals, restoration of reactive thiol groups, and enhancement of MeHg efflux, may have been instrumental. GSH-glyc is a nontoxic compound that can be used to transport GSH into cells, including those of brain and liver, and may prove to be useful for prophylaxis and therapy of tissue injury induced by various neurotoxic compounds, particularly when the capacity to synthesize or regenerate GSH has been compromised.
Physiology and Bioacoustics in Reptiles

Recent anatomical studies have revealed a unique and important characteristic of the reptilian auditory system. Auditory anatomy is extremely diverse among reptiles, particularly in the cochlea where morphology can vary significantly across taxonomic families (see Miller, Chapter 6). This anatomical diversity has stimulated interest in the physiology of hearing in reptiles by providing an excellent opportunity to investigate the fundamental relation between anatomical structure and physiological response.
HIV-1 Gag Protein Associates with F-actin Present in Microfilaments

Several studies have provided evidence that the cellular cytoskeleton may be involved in the assembly and budding of retroviruses. In fractionation studies of HIV-1-infected CEM cells, the majority of the unprocessed Gag polyprotein cofractionated with the cellular cytoskeleton. In vivo and in vitro analyses of this interaction indicated that the unprocessed Gag polyprotein is capable of association with polymerized actin (F-actin). Binding of Gag to F-actin may be involved in the assembly or budding of HIV-1.
Forebrain noradrenaline depletion blocks the release by chlordiazepoxide of behavioral extinction in the rat

The interaction between chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and forebrain noradrenaline (NA) was investigated in rats with bilateral radiofrequency lesions of the noradrenergic dorsal tegmental bundle (DTB). Forebrain NA was reduced to 35% of control by the DTB lesions; hypothalamic NA and dopamine were unchanged. Rats were trained on a straight alley runway task for food reward. During extinction of the runway task, CDP significantly increased extinction responding in sham lesion animals but not in DTB lesion animals. Thus, CDP was ineffective in increasing resistance to extinction responding in the runway task in animals with significant depletion of forebrain NA.
Preparation of radioiodinated simian virus 40 DNA for use in DNA - DNA reassociation kinetics experiments.

Abstract A method is described for the preparation of 1 2 5I-labelled SV40 DNA. Using this method, SV40 DNA can be routinely labelled to 15 · 106 dpm per μg; much higher specific activities are easily obtained by minor modifications of the method. Once incorporated, the radioactive label dissociates from DNA exceedingly slowly at 4°C or at 68°C. Iodinated SV40 DNA is shown to be useful in the quantitation of viral nucleic acid sequences in SV40-transformed 3T3 cells by DNA · DNA reassociation kinetics.
Triangulating neighborhoods in topological manifolds

Suppose X is a compact subset of the topological q-manifold Q, q ≥ 5, ∂Q = . It is shown that some neighborhood of X supports a piecewise linear structure provided the inclusion- induced homomorphism i∗:H4(Q;Z2)→H4X;Z2)is zero. Thus methods for studying embeddings of compacta in piecewise linear manifolds can often be applied without assuming piecewise linearity. As an example of such an application, it is pointed out that McMillan's criterion for cellularity in piecewise linear manifolds of dimension five or more also holds in topological manifolds. Examples are given to show that piecewise linear neighborhoods may fail to exist stably, even in the case when X is a piecewise linear manifold embedded as a locally flat submanifold of Q.
The evolution of flight in bats: narrowing the field of plausible hypotheses.

ABSTRACT The evolution of flapping flight in bats from an arboreal gliding ancestor appears on the surface to be a relatively simple transition. However, bat flight is a highly complex functional system from a morphological, physiological, and aerodynamic perspective, and the transition from a gliding precursor may involve functional discontinuities that represent evolutionary hurdles. In this review, I suggest a framework for a comprehensive treatment of the evolution of complex functional systems that emphasizes a mechanistic understanding of the initial state, the final state, and the proposed transitional states. In this case, bats represent the final state and extant mammalian gliders are used as a model for the initial state. To explore possible transitional states, I propose a set of criteria for evaluating hypotheses about the evolution of flight in vertebrates and suggest methods by which we can advance our understanding of the transition from gliding to flapping flight. Although it is impossible...
IGF-I mRNA levels in bovine satellite cell cultures: effects of fusion and anabolic steroid treatment

Androgenic and estrogenic steroids enhance muscle growth in a number of species; however, the mechanism by which anabolic steroids enhance muscle growth is not known. Castrated male cattle (steers) provide a particularly good model system in which to study the effects of anabolic steroids on muscle growth because they respond dramatically to treatment with both estrogens and androgens. The goal of this study was to determine if treatment of bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) or trenbolone (a synthetic androgen) directly affects proliferation rate or level of mRNA for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, androgen receptor, and growth factors that have been shown to affect muscle growth (insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and myostatin). BSC cultures were established from the semimembranosus muscles of steers and then treated for 48 h with various concentrations of E(2) or trenbolone ranging from 0.001 to 10 nM. IGF-I mRNA levels in proliferating BSC cultures were significantly increased at 0.01 (1.9-times control values, P < 0.02) and at 0.1, 1, and 10 nM E(2) (2.9-, 3.5-, and 3.5-times control values, respectively, P < 0.0001). Additionally both 1 and 10 nM trenbolone increased IGF-I mRNA levels to 1.7-times control values (P < 0.02). ER-alpha mRNA was detectable in BSC cultures, and levels were increased (2.3-times control levels, P < 0.001) in cultures treated with 0.001 nM E(2) but not in cultures treated with higher concentrations of E(2). Androgen receptor mRNA levels also were increased (1.5-times control levels, P < 0.02) in cultures treated with 0.001 nM trenbolone but not by treatment with higher concentrations of trenbolone. Levels of IGFBP-3 were increased (1.4-times control values, P < 0.02) by treatment with 0.001 nM E(2) but not by treatment with high concentrations of E(2). Myostatin mRNA levels were not affected by any concentration of either of the steroids. Although, levels of IGF-I mRNA were 10-times greater (P < 0.02) in fused BSC cultures than in proliferating cultures, treatment of fused cultures for 48 h with 10 nM E(2) increased IGF-I mRNA levels (2.5-times control levels, P < 0.02). Both E(2) and trenbolone increased (3)H-thymidine incorporation rate (1.5-times control levels, P < 0.001) in BSC cultures in media containing serum from which IGFBP-3 had been removed by anti-IGFBP-3 affinity chromatography. In summary, treatment of BSC cultures with either E(2) or trenbolone increased IGF-I mRNA level and proliferation rate, thus, establishing that these steroids have direct anabolic effects on cells present in the BSC culture.
Adaptive stimulus optimization for sensory systems neuroscience

In this paper we review several lines of recent work aimed at developing practical methods for adaptive on-line stimulus generation for sensory neurophysiology. We consider various experimental paradigms where on-line stimulus optimization is utilized, including the classical \textit{optimal stimulus} paradigm where the goal of experiments is to identify a stimulus which maximizes neural responses, the \textit{iso-response} paradigm which finds sets of stimuli giving rise to constant responses, and the \textit{system identification} paradigm where the experimental goal is to estimate and possibly compare sensory processing models. We discuss various theoretical and practical aspects of adaptive firing rate optimization, including optimization with stimulus space constraints, firing rate adaptation, and possible network constraints on the optimal stimulus. We consider the problem of system identification, and show how accurate estimation of nonlinear models can be highly dependent on the stimulus set used to probe the network. We suggest that optimizing stimuli for accurate model estimation may make it possible to successfully identify nonlinear models which are otherwise intractable, and summarize several recent studies of this type. Finally, we present a two-stage stimulus design procedure which combines the dual goals of model estimation and model comparison and may be especially useful for system identification experiments where the appropriate model is unknown beforehand. We propose that fast, on-line stimulus optimization enabled by increasing computer power can make it practical to move sensory neuroscience away from a descriptive paradigm and towards a new paradigm of real-time model estimation and comparison.
“We” Human-and-Technology: When Technology Does the Arts

This essay proposes “We” human-and-technology as the new human identity performed by the collaborative action of human and technology. Its aim is to open a new way for intersections of art, technology and humanities, through the political and aesthetic intimacy of human and technology in the collaborative action based interdependent perspective. The concept of “We” human-and-technology emphasizes the process of when the collaborative action of human and technology is performed. It focuses on two ideas: Enframing and the fetish. The former presents that the instrumental perspective uses the binary frame of “Us” versus “Them” as an instrument for ideology subordinating both humans and technology into the instrument. The latter demonstrates that the instrumental understanding of technology governs our senses through the fetish as blinded practices and beliefs distorting relations between human and
Estimation of the depth of sunlight penetration in natural waters for the remote sensing of chlorophyll a via in vivo fluorescence.

In attempting to measure remotely the constituents of the ocean through spectral analysis of diffusely reflected sunlight, it is important to know the depth over which constituent concentrations can be estimated. Recently, considerable interest has been generated in the use of sunlight-excited fluorescence of chlorophyll a contained in photoplankton (in vivo) to determine remotely the chlorophyll a concentration in surface waters. In the present paper an estimate is provided for the depth to which chlorophyll a concentration can be determined from observations of the fluorescence.
High speed silicon microring modulator employing dynamic intracavity energy balance

High speed coupling-modulation of a microring-based light drop structure is proposed, which removes severe signal distortion due to intracavity energy depletion and separates the modulation speed from the resonator linewidth restriction. Extinction ratio improvement from 20 dB with 40 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals is obtained with 25 times smaller drive voltage. The tolerance to active ring propagation loss is increased from 5 dB/cm to over 25 dB/cm with less than 5% modulation bandwidth reduction. The possibility of obtaining 160 Gb/s NRZ signal with no more than 4 V drive voltage and less than 5 dB insertion loss is highlighted.
Managing computing resources in intranets: an electronic commerce perspective

Abstract Intra-organizational networks (intranets) are increasingly being developed for information sharing and collaborative work in geographically dispersed organizations. However, organizations are increasingly realizing that having an intranet in itself may not provide expected increase in productivity and benefits. Intranet resources have to be managed appropriately and with organizational goals in mind for intranets to be a meaningful part of organizational environment. In this paper we provide a framework to manage the resources in the intranets using the concepts of electronic commerce. Specifically, we propose the creation of an electronic organizational unit, intranet Resource Management Unit (iRMU), that manages user requests using a dynamic priority pricing approach. The iRMU integrates a dynamic priority pricing approach with the concepts of topology management, security management, and software-agents based service construction to create a comprehensive resource management environment. The contribution of this paper is to provide a framework that integrates existing technological base with economic pricing approaches to create an economics-embedded intranet resource management approach.
First-principles study of a single-molecule magnet Mn 12 monolayer on the Au(111) surface

The electronic structure of a monolayer of single-molecule magnets ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ on a Au(111) surface is studied using spin-polarized density-functional theory. The ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ molecules are oriented such that the magnetic easy axis is normal to the surface, and the terminating ligands in the ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ are replaced by thiol groups (-SH) where the H atoms are lost upon adsorption onto the surface. This sulfur-terminated ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ molecule has a total magnetic moment of $18{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ in the ground state, in contrast to $20{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ for the standard ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$. The ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ molecular orbitals broaden due to the interaction of the molecule with the gold surface and the broadening is of the order of $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. It is an order of magnitude less than the single-electron charging energy of the molecule so the molecule is weakly bonded to the surface. Only electrons with majority spin can be transferred from the surface to the sulfur-terminated ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ since the gold Fermi level is well above the majority lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) but below the minority LUMO. The amount of the charge transfer is calculated to be 1.23 electrons from a one-dimensional charge density difference between the sulfur-terminated ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ on the gold surface and the isolated sulfur-terminated ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$, dominated by the tail in the electronic distribution of the gold surface. A calculation of a level shift upon charging provides 0.28 electrons being transferred. The majority of the charge transfer occurs at the sulfur, carbon, and oxygen atoms close to the surface. The total magnetic moment also changes from $18{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ to $20{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$, which is due to rearrangements of the magnetic moments on the sulfur atoms and Mn atoms upon adsorption onto the surface. The magnetic anisotropy barrier is computed including spin-orbit interaction self-consistently in density-functional theory. The barrier for the ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ on the gold surface decreases by $6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in comparison to that for an isolated ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ molecule.
Water degradation implications when whole-farm irrigation water is binding

Abstract This paper demonstrates that with a binding resource constraint, such as water rights in the western United States, policy instruments that are effective in reducing water degradation associated with irrigated agriculture are likely to differ from those policies found effective in the absence of resource constraints. Under plausible circumstances, modest increases in per unit water charges will have no effect upon hectares irrigated or per hectare water application rates. Higher annual irrigation setup costs such as higher irrigated land taxes will result in reduced irrigated hectares with increased water applied per irrigated hectare and more chemical application per irrigated hectare. Such adjustments have the potential to exacerbate water contamination.
The tendency toward defective decision making within self-managing teams : The relevance of groupthink for the 21st century

Groupthink theory has continued relevance to organizations because of the organizational trend toward self-managing work teams. A typology is developed linking the key differentiating characteristics of self-managing teams to groupthink antecedents of group cohesion, structural faults of the organization, and provocative situational context. Building upon this framework, we more specifically examine variables that will impact the occurrence of groupthink within self-managing teams. Implications for the prevention of groupthink in self-managing teams are discussed.
An Optically Controlled 3D Cell Culturing System

A novel 3D cell culture system was developed and tested. The cell culture device consists of a microfluidic chamber on an optically absorbing substrate. Cells are suspended in a thermoresponsive hydrogel solution, and optical patterns are utilized to heat the solution, producing localized hydrogel formation around cells of interest. The hydrogel traps only the desired cells in place while also serving as a biocompatible scaffold for supporting the cultivation of cells in 3D. This is demonstrated with the trapping of MDCK II and HeLa cells. The light intensity from the optically induced hydrogel formation does not significantly affect cell viability.
Mode-selective broadening in low-frequency vibrational modes of trans-stilbene van der waals complexes

Both RE2PI and LIF excitation spectra have been taken of several van der Waals complexes of trans-stilbene, p-methyl-, and m-methyl-trans-stilbene. The t-stilbene spectra reveal a strongly mode-dependent broadening of the van der Waals complex transitions associated with the low-frequency vibrations 82 and 95 cm−1 above the origin. The fwhm of these peaks is three times as broad as any other feature in the spectrum. The source of the broadening appears to be fast vibrational relaxation from these modes to the van der Waals modes of the complex.
Low Temperature Transformation of the Surface of Copper Oxide Filled Ptfe Via Treatment in a Hydrogen Plasma

The surface conductivity of PTFE-copper oxide filled composites containing between 10 and 25% of the oxides increases significantly after treatment in a low pressure hydrogen plasma at temperatures below 100°C. The plasma-reduction of copper oxides (CuO and CuO/Cu2O mixture) was investigated and compared with thermal reduction at different hydrogen partial pressures.
The assemblage of compliance in psychiatric case management.

In the post-asylum era, case managers perform much of the face-to-face work of pharmaceutical compliance for people with severe and persistent mental illness. Their work demands careful orchestration of the assemblage of compliance, including the actual medications, the ideology of biopsychiatry, the division of professional labor, and certain mundane tools. Ethnographic vignettes from an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) team show how case managers use this assemblage in their everyday routines, but also how it undercuts key elements of the original ACT mission. Reflecting its roots in the deinstitutionalization movement, the ACT model gives case managers limitless responsibilities for clients’ lives, but then narrowly defines their role as the prosthetic extension of psychiatric authority. To produce compliance, case managers depend on the medication cassette, analyzed here as a human/non-human hybrid woven into their ordinary work. The medication cassette has pre-scripted uses that enlist clinicians ...
EFFECT OF LDL-C ON RISK OF RECURRENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, UNSTABLE ANGINA, AND ISCHEMIC STROKE IN A HIGH RISK, SECONDARY PREVENTION PATIENT POPULATION

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Maximal treatment of statins is the recommended therapy for high risk patients, such as those with prior acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or ischemic stroke (IS). The objective was to determine an association
The S/390 G5 floating-point unit

The floating-point unit of the IBM S/390® G5 Parallel Enterprise Server represents a milestone in S/390 floating-point computation. The S/390 G5 contains the first floating-point unit (FPU) to support both the S/390 hexadecimal floating-point architecture and IEEE Standard 754 for binary floating-point arithmetic. The S/390 G5 FPU supports the new S/390 floating-point architecture, which contains six operand formats, including the IEEE 754 standard singleword, doubleword, and quadword formats, which are all supported in hardware. An internal hexadecimal-based dataflow is implemented to support both hexadecimal- and binary-based architectures. The S/390 G5 server is generally available at 500 MHz. The microprocessor chip is fabricated in IBM CMOS 6X technology, with a device size of 0.25 µm as drawn and 0.15 µm effective length. The design of the G5 FPU is based upon that of its predecessor, the G4. All of the custom dataflow macros from the G4 hexadecimal FPU were utilized with only minor modifications, and only a few additional macros for format conversion were required. This paper discusses the changes that were required to support the new S/390 binary floating-point architecture.
Coordinated regulation of virulence by quorum sensing and motility pathways during the initial stages of Vibrio cholerae infection.

Pathogenic bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae, must be capable of adapting to diverse living conditions, especially when transitioning from life in environment reservoirs to life in a host. The ability to sense arrival at a site suitable for colonization or infection and responding with appropriate alterations in gene expression are crucial for a pathogen's success. Recently, we have shown that V. cholerae is able to recognize that it has reached its colonization site in the small intestine by sensing breakage of its flagellum as it penetrates the mucosal layer overlaying the intestinal epithelium. Flagellar loss results in the release of the anti-σ factor FlgM and subsequent activation of the alternative σ-factor FliA. FliA represses the quorum sensing-controlled transcriptional regulator, HapR, allowing increased expression of virulence factors such as Cholera Toxin (CT) and the Toxin Coregulated Pilus (TCP). In this way, the de-repression of virulence factor expression coincides with the arrival of bact...
Mining Hidden Concepts for Ontology Extension Using Multivariate Probabilistic Modeling

In this paper, we proposed a new generalized Multivariate Probalistic Modeling (MPM) to automatically extract topics from text collection and attach them with existing ontology. Specially, we first make use of KeyConcept which is a classification system classify documents into a set of predefined concepts. Then, by modeling documents cluster based MPM, we extract latent concepts and corrensponding sub-clusters from document collection. We compare our MPM with Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (PLSI) and other clustering algorithm on Citeseerx data sets. Experiment results show that MPM outperforms PLSI in terms of time efficiency and provides better topics representation. Clustering analysis also prove the advantages of our MPM over other clustering technique in precision.
Research note: synchronization of timed videofluoroscopic tapes of swallowing with other data channels.

A method is described for achieving precise time registration of videotaped images and other simultaneously recorded data channels. A tone burst is superimposed on nonvideo channels as the video timer is stopped for a few frame counts.
Simplified instantaneous non-local quantum computation with applications to position-based cryptography

Instantaneous measurements of non-local observables between space-like separated regions can be performed without violating causality. This feat relies on the use of entanglement. Here we propose novel protocols for this task and the related problem of multipartite quantum computation with local operations and a single round of classical communication. Compared to previously known techniques, our protocols reduce the entanglement consumption by an exponential amount. We also prove a linear lower bound on the amount of entanglement required for the implementation of a certain non-local measurement. These results relate to position-based cryptography: an amount of entanglement scaling exponentially with the number of communicated qubits is sufficient to render any such scheme insecure. Furthermore, we show that certain schemes are secure under the assumption that the adversary has less entanglement than a given bound and is restricted to classical communication.
Online participation in Estonia: active voting, low engagement

This paper discusses online participation in Estonia. Even though Estonia's e-government initiatives are often presented as examples for other countries to be followed, this analysis finds high degree of variation in the outcomes. The availability of innovative platforms for online political participation has led to increasing use of internet voting in the last five elections, while they have consistently failed to engage public in the legislative process. Furthermore, the internet voting can be seen as transactional. It has not made substantial contribution to online democratic participation other than making voting more convenient for certain segments of society. The government portal for encouraging citizens to express their views about new laws suffers from both unwillingness of citizens to participate and most ministries to make new laws available.
Shear wave splitting in the Appalachians and the Urals: A case for multilayered anisotropy

Observations of shear wave splitting in the northeastern U.S. Appalachians and in the foredeep of the Urals vary significantly with the back azimuth and incidence angle of the incoming phase. These variations suggest two or more layers within the upper mantle with different anisotropic properties. Synthetic seismograms for simple multilayered anisotropic structures show that shear wave splitting parameters tend to vary substantially with the direction of approach. Relying on a subset of back-azimuth and incidence angle may strongly bias the model inferred, especially if the observations are averaged. On the other hand, the azimuthal splitting pattern provides additional constraints on vertical or lateral variation of anisotropic properties in the Earth. Using a new error estimation technique for splitting, we find that individual measurements from broadband data have errors of the order of δ = 3°-7°for the fast direction and 0.1 - 0.2 s for the delay of split shear waves. The azimuthal variation of splitting parameters is broadly consistent throughout the Appalachian terranes in the northeast United States, especially for two long-running stations in the northeast United States, HRV (Harvard, Massachusetts) and PAL (Palisades, New York). Observations can be separated into two distinct populations, with mean fast-axis azimuths of N60°E±4°and N119°E±2°, Delay values within each population range from near zero to ∼1 s. Azimuthal splitting variation for ARU (Arti, Russia) in the foredeep of Uralian mountains is characterized by sharp transitions between different groups of observations. Using synthetic seismograms in simple structures, we develop one-dimensional anisotropic models under stations HRV and ARU. The model for HRV includes two layers of anisotropic material under an isotropic crust, with fast-axis azimuths N53°E and N115°E for the bottom and the top layers, respectively. The model for the upper mantle under ARU includes a layer with a fast-axis at N50°E atop a layer with fast axis azimuth N90°E. Our modeling confirms the need for a layer of strong anisotropy with a slow axis of symmetry in the lower crust under ARU, reported by Levin and Park [1997a]. Our results suggest that both Urals and Appalachians possess a relict anisotropy in the tectosphere, associated with past continental collision and accretion, underlain by anisotropy with orientation similar to the local absolute plate motion, suggesting an asthenospheric component to the signal.
Amplification of 5′ end cDNA with 'new RACE'

'New RACE' (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) PCR is a method for obtaining full-length cDNA for mRNA for which only part of the sequence is known. Starting with cellular mRNA, PCR is used to amplify regions between the known parts of the sequence and nonspecific tags at the ends of the cDNA. In 'new RACE', an anchor is ligated to the 5' end of the mRNA before reverse transcription, resulting in the selective production of full-length 5' cDNA ends. Although 'new RACE' can also be used to amplify 3' ends, only the protocol for obtaining 5' ends is presented here. This protocol can be completed in 1-3 days.
Fracture Risk Following Bilateral Orchiectomy

ABSTRACTPurpose: Bone loss has been reported in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy. We assess fracture risk following bilateral orchiectomy.Materials and Methods: Through the Rochester Epidemiology Project we identified 429 Olmsted County, Minnesota men who underwent bilateral orchiectomy in 1956 to 2000, almost all for prostate cancer. Fractures were ascertained from comprehensive medical records and compared with expected numbers based on local incidence rates (standardized incidence ratio, SIR). Potential risk factors were assessed with proportional hazards models.Results: During 1961 person-years of followup 161 men experienced 267 fractures, for a cumulative incidence after 15 years of 40% compared to 19% expected (p <0.001). However, 42 were pathological fractures and 82 were found incidentally on radiological surveys for metastasis. Overall fracture risk was increased (SIR 3.42, 95% CI 2.91–3.99) but was reduced by excluding the pathological and incidental fract...