cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Transport near the metal-insulator transition: Polypyrrole doped with PF6

Heavily doped polypyrrole-hexafluorophosphate, PPy(${\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$), undergoes a metal-insulator (M-I) transition at resistivity ratio ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$=\ensuremath{\rho}(1.4 K)/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$(300 K)\ensuremath{\approxeq}10: for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$10, the system is metallic with \ensuremath{\rho}(T) remaining finite as T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, whereas for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$g10, the system is an insulator with \ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty} as T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0. In the critical regime, \ensuremath{\rho}(T) shows a power-law temperature dependence, \ensuremath{\rho}(T)=${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$, with 0.31. The effect of the partially screened Coulomb interaction is substantial at low temperatures for samples on both sides of the M-I transition. In the insulating regime, the crossover from Mott variable-range hopping (VRH) to Efros-Shklovskii hopping is observed. In the metallic regime, the sign of the temperature coefficient of the resistivity changes at ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}2. At T=1.4 K, the interaction length ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{T}}$=(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}D/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$T${)}^{1/2}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}30 \AA{}.Since this is smaller than the inelastic-scattering length, ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{in}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\approxeq}}}$300 \AA{}, the contribution to \ensuremath{\rho}(T) from the electron-electron interaction is dominant. Application of high pressure decreases ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$, induces the transition into the metallic regime, and enables fine tuning of the M-I transition. For samples close to the M-I transition, the thermoelectric power is proportional to the temperature in both the metallic and insulating regimes. The correlation length (${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{c}}$) increases as the disorder, characterized by ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$, approaches the M-I transition from either side. The expected divergence in ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{c}}$ at the M-I transition is qualitatively consistent with the values for ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{c}}$ inferred from the extrapolated \ensuremath{\sigma}(0) in the metallic regime and from analysis of the VRH magnetoresistance in the insulating regime. Thus, by using ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{r}}$ to characterize the magnitude of the disorder, a complete and fully consistent picture of the M-I transition in PPy(${\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$) is developed.
GoGoBot: group collaboration, multi-agent modeling, and robots

Multi-agent simulation is a powerful technique used to encode real-world simple rules in virtual agents and then simulate their interactions [1]. Participatory simulations are similar to multi-agent simulation except individuals play the role of virtual agents, sometimes in combination with these virtual agents [2]. Finally, the bifocal modeling framework has enabled the examination of agents embodied in physical entities using sensors and actuators [3]. All three of these technologies are concerned with the creation, manipulation, and development of agents in one form or another. Thus combining these three disparate systems in to one unified platform would be useful. Multi-agent simulation platforms, participatory simulations, and bifocal modeling have all been demonstrated separately in the past. However many extant systems are difficult if not impossible to integrate.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of lesions, including hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor, that are characterized by an abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue. Some of these lesions are true neoplasms, whereas others represent abnormally formed placentas that have a predisposition to neoplastic transformation of the trophoblast. The literature on this subject is extensive but confusing because of differences in classification and terminology that have been applied. The necessity of a morphologic classification has been questioned, since the current management is largely medical and often conducted in the absence of a histologic diagnosis. Thus, all trophoblastic lesions are frequently combined under the rubric of gestational trophoblastic disease without applying specific pathologic terms. Recent cytogenetic and immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated profound differences in the etiology, morphology, and clinical behavior of various forms of the disease, underscoring the importance of a uniform histologic classification to facilitate standardized reporting of data and to ensure appropriate clinical management.
The Dynamics Projection Filter (DPF) - real-time nonlinear trajectory optimization using projection operators

Robotic navigation applications often require on-line generation of trajectories that respect underactuated non-linear dynamics, while optimizing a cost function that depends only on a low-dimensional workspace (collision avoidance). Approaches to non-linear optimization, such as differential dynamic programming (DDP), suffer from the drawbacks of slow convergence by being limited to stay within the trust-region of the linearized dynamics and having to integrate the dynamics with fine granularity at each iteration. We address the problem of decoupling the workspace optimization from the enforcement of non-linear constraints. In this paper, we introduce the Dynamics Projection Filter, a nonlinear projection operator based approach that first optimizes a workspace trajectory with reduced constraints and then projects (filters) it to a feasible configuration space trajectory that has a bounded sub-optimality guarantee. We show simulation results for various curvature and curvature-derivatives constrained systems, where the dynamics projection filter is able to, on average, produce similar quality solution 50 times faster than DDP. We also show results from flight tests on an autonomous helicopter that solved these problems on-line while avoiding mountains at high speed as well as trees and buildings as it came in to land.
Isolation and Laboratory Maintenance of Treponema pallidum

The spirochetal bacteria that cause syphilis, yaws, and bejel cannot be cultivated in vitro. This unit describes methods for the isolation of subspecies of Treponema pallidum and other pathogenic treponemes from clinical specimens, the propagation of these isolates in rabbits, isolation of clonal populations of T. pallidum, and techniques for maintenance of frozen stocks of these treponemes.
A modified frobenius equation for characters and branching laws of the permutation groups

Frobenius derived an equation which is sufficient to determine all simple characters and character recursion relations for the permutation groups. A simple procedure for obtaining these results involves comparing monomials on both sides of Frobenius’ equation. To make such comparisons one needs to individually consider each permutation of each pertinent monomial. A modified form of Frobenius’ equation is derived. This form makes it possible to compare monomials without considering individual permutations. This considerably reduces the number of explicit comparisons needed to determine characters and character recursion relations.
Specialty Food And Beverage: A Case Study Of Small Business Management

Specialty Food and Beverage is facing growing pains from its rapid expansion over the last decade and more. The case provides a summary of the challenges faced by the company in the areas of supply chain management, marketing plans, the creation of economic value, and the development of a long term strategy for profitable growth.
GENETIC LOAD IN NATURAL POPULATIONS: IS IT COMPATIBLE WITH THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MANY POLYMORPHISMS ARE MAINTAINED BY NATURAL SELECTION?

Recent studies of genetically controlled enzyme variation lead to an estimation that at least 30 to 60% of the structural genes are polymorphic in natural populations of many vertebrate and invertebrate species. Some authors have argued that a substantial proportion of these polymorphisms cannot be maintained by natural selection because this would result in an unbearable genetic load. If many polymorphisms are maintained by heterotic natural selection, individuals with much greater than average proportion of homozygous loci should have very low fitness. We have measured in Drosophila melanogaster the fitness of flies homozygous for a complete chromosome relative to normal wild flies. A total of 37 chromosomes from a natural population have been tested using 92 experimental populations. The mean fitness of homozygous flies is 0.12 for second chromosomes, and 0.13 for third chromosomes. These estimates are compatible with the hypothesis that many (more than one thousand) loci are maintained by heterotic selection in natural populations of D. melanogaster.
Health locus of control and well-being in systemic lupus erythematosus

The health locus of control and well-being of 53 lupus patients were compared to samples of healthy individuals and samples of those with other chronic diseases. The SLE sample had more negative affect, more positive affect, and a stronger belief in powerful others locus of control than healthy individuals. A subgroup of SLE patients who could predict their flares was identified. They had significantly more experience with the disease and a greater belief in internal health control. Disease duration and socioeconomic status explained significant amounts of variance in powerful-others locus of control. The learned helplessness model was tested and the results suggested that symptoms impact on well-being while disease duration and predictability of flares impact on health locus of control.
Four-wave-mixing interferometer.

We have developed a new method of determining in time both the real and the imaginary parts of third-order nonlinear-optical coefficients. In this method the phase-conjugated four-wave-mixing signal beam interferes with one of the transmitted pump beams. By comparing the interference pattern with that of a known reference, we are able to determine the real and the imaginary parts of the third-order optical nonlinearity for an unknown sample. The real and the imaginary parts can also be separated when one incoming beam is delayed. We apply this method to a bis-thienyl polyene molecule containing five conjugate double bonds and find that the hyperpolarizability is γ1111 = (−2.5 − 0.17i) × 10−30 esu.
Methodology for indole synthesis

Abstract An efficient synthesis of indole derivatives in one operation by reaction of organodilithium reagents with vicinal dication equivalents is described.
Failure Mechanism in Staple Yarns

The failure mechanism in staple yarns is strongly influenced by yarn structure. Manufacturing methods impose certain constraints on the disposition and distribution of fibers in the yarn cross section. This paper investigates the failure mechanism in ring, rotor, air-jet, and vortex yarns. The yarns are subjected to uniaxial loading on a tensile tester, and images of the yarns before and after breaking are recorded. Image analysis of the failure regions yields some interesting features and reveals typical mechanisms occurring in different yarn structures. The failure mechanism in each yarn type is discussed in terms of some basic parameters characteristic of the structure.
Restrictions and Expansions of Holomorphic Representations

We compute tensor products of representations of the holomorphic discrete series of a Lie group G, or restrictions to some subgroup G′. A detailed study is done for the case of the conformal group O(4, 2).
Synthesis and characterization of silica nanosprings by a low temperature chemical vapor deposition

Silica nanosprings were synthesized using a simple, low temperature, chemical vapor deposition method via a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. Nanosprings with excellent uniformity and helicity in high and repeatable yields have been observed. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanosprings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the nanosprings was determined using the energy-filtered transmission electron microscopic method. The as-grown nanomaterials were confirmed to be amorphous silica with irregularly shaped Au catalytic particles located at the tips. In addition, we propose a spontaneous spinning growth model to explain the formation of such helical nanostructures.
The Uneven Pace of Change in Heterosexual Romantic Relationships: Comment on England

In "The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled," Paula England (2010) argues that gender dynamics ha changed little in the personal realm, particularly with respect to heterosexual romantic relationships. She contrasts this to schooling and jobs, where she argues that the incentives for change have been greater. We agree that the level and pace of gender change in educational and occupational domains have surpassed those in personal rela tionships. However, England's account does not fully appreciate how changes in women's education and work have helped reshape women's intimate rela tionships. Much recent research suggests that as women have increased their education, occupational status, and earnings, the characteristics of couples have changed, and with them the breadwinning dynamics of relationships. Rather than considering the material characteristics of couples as engines of change, England's account of the lack of change in heterosexual romantic relationships is based largely on examining the noneconomic and symbolic aspects of gender, for example, the continuing expectation that men initiate dating and marriage, that women and children generally take men's surnames, and that men and women are judged "old" and sexually undesirable at dif ferent ages. In this comment, we review changes in the characteristics, atti tudes, and behaviors of couples that relate to their breadwinning and status arrangements. We argue that these changes have been substantial and that although this finding strengthens England's argument that change has occurred where incentives are the greatest, it also suggests a less than stalled revolution in family relationships. While there may be few material rewards
Genetics and Molecular Biology of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) comprise 5% to 6%% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Among intradural spinal tumors, intramedullary neoplasms account for only 8% to 10%, whereas extramedullary tumors, such as schwannoma and meningioma, predominate [1]. The most common intramedullary lesions are spinal ependymoma (60%) and spinal astrocytoma (10%–20%), but others include hemangioblastoma (3%–8%), cavernous malformation, metastases, and lipoma [1]. Although these tumor types exist in the brain, patients with spinal cord tumors tend to be younger and the spinal cord tumors do not seem to occur in connection with primary brain tumors. Spinal astrocytoma seems to occur in childhood or young adulthood, whereas ependymoma can occur throughout life but most commonly in the early to middle adult years. Much less attention seems to be paid to spinal cord tumors because of their overall rarity. Certain genetic syndromes are associated with IMSCTs and provide a special opportunity to study their genetics and molecular biology. Historically, ependymoma and astrocytoma of the spinal cord have been little distinguished from their cerebral counterparts. More and more evidence suggests that distinct differences in genetics and molecular biology exist between primary tumors in the brain and spinal cord with similar histology, however.
“The Die is Cast”: Mathematics Plus

(1983). “The Die is Cast”: Mathematics Plus. Childhood Education: Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 163-166.
Cohesion and Desquamation of Epidermal Stratum Corneum

This article attempts to provide a comprehensive review on the roles of various classes of molecules in the cohesion and desquamation of the stratum corneum. In the first part of this monograph we review the field of epidermal differentiation in vivo and vitro, describing the expression and functions of a number of key structural molecules that characterize the process. In the second part we emphasize terminal differentiation and the biogenesis of the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is a cell layer unique to fully differentiated squamous epithelia such as skin. While it is a dead stratum, it nevertheless is in a homeostatic process of continual shedding and renewal in synchrony with basal cell replication. It is also a degradative layer containing many proteinases and glycosidases in which a variety of intracellular and intercellular macromolecules are degraded. We highlight the molecules localized within the intercorneal matrix that are most likely to play a role in cohesion and desquamation, including: glycoproteins, lipids and enzymes. Because it is difficult to study the stratum corneum and desquamation in the native tissue, we discuss a number of model systems that have been used. The stratum corneum can be dispersed into single squames in different ways; these include mechanical dispersion as well as agents such as detergents and enzymes. The solubilized molecules and the structures remaining can then be studied as to their specific roles in desquamation. Using this approach it is possible to reconstitute multilayered structures that resemble a real stratum corneum. We have shown that glycoproteins play a key role in squame reaggregation and that this process can be modulated with amino sugars in a lectin-like fashion. Cohesion and desquamation can also be studied in tissue culture. Depending on the culture system, the extent of terminal differentiation and squame accumulation varies. Yet desquamation does not normally occur. It can be induced however by the inclusion of exogenous agents such as IFN-gamma which are found in the native epidermis but are absent in vitro. Modulation of desquamation by other exogenous agents is likely to yield further knowledge of how shedding occurs in vivo. Insight has also come from studies of scaling skin disorders. The glycoprotein and lipid profiles are altered in the stratum corneum in many diseases of aberrant terminal differentiation. A number of abnormalities in the levels of cytokines and growth factors have also been reported in the lesional tissue of such diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Doping dependence of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+σ in the normal state

Abstract We have probed the electronic structure of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+σ with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, observing changes in the electronic structure with doping variation. At carrier dopings below the optimal for superconductivity, we observe an excitation gap in the normal state. The momentum dependence and the magnitude of the gap are very similar to those of the d x 2 − y 2 gap observed in the superconducting state.
Calibrating a Mountain Watershed in Wyoming

: A watershed in Wyoming was calibrated using both local climatic data and flow from another watershed. An immediate need for entry forced calibration with a limited number of years of data. Regression equations were tested using noncentral “t” and associated power graphs. The equations were presented with recommendation for great care in use.
Quantitative Studies of Hemagglutination

Summary. A series of factors influencing antibody-mediated red cell agglutination has been investigated quantitatively, employing an electronic cell counting technic. Increasing duration of red cell storage was shown to decrease mean red cell number per agglutinate more significantly than it did total percentage agglutination. The expected enhancement by lowered temperatures of agglutination in a saline-agglutinating system was demonstrated. Hydrogen ion concentration had little effect on agglutination in the pH ranges 6.2 to 8.3 in either a saline agglutinating system or one employing antiglobulin serum. Hypotonic suspending media resulted in enhanced agglutination in both types of systems. In a saline agglutinating system increased phosphate concentrations enhanced agglutination, while isotonic solutions of NaCl, KCl or MgCl2 yielded results comparable to those obtained employing triethanolamine-buffered saline. Increased agglutination in both systems was produced by increasing the duration or speed of centrifugation, while more violent agitation during the disaggregation phase of the experiments yielded less fully agglutinated systems after equilibrium was attained.
A Porous Multilayer Dye-Based Photoelectrochemical Cell That Unexpectedly Runs in Reverse

Porous dye multilayers based on cavity-containing porphyrinic molecular squares are capable of sensitizing flat indium−tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to photocurrent production with visible light. In aqueous I3-/I- solutions the sensitized electrodes unexpectedly produce cathodic photocurrents, the opposite of the anodic photocurrents generally observed with conventional dye-senstized solar cells (DSSCs). In constrast to DSSCs, which work by electron injection from a dye excited state into the photoelectrode's conduction band, the mechanism of photocurrent generation is I3- quenching of the porphyrin square excited state to produce an oxidized dye. Quenching is possible, despite the short excited state lifetime, because of ground state donor (chromophore)/acceptor (quencher) complex formation. Following quenching, ground state redox hopping through the multilayer structure delivers the oxidizing equivalent to the ITO electrode. One consequence is the photocurrent production can be systematically increased by ...
The implications of drug resistance for strategies of combination antiviral chemotherapy.

The sites and mechanisms of action of both the activity and the resistance to antiviral drugs have been characterized more precisely than have those for any other class of drugs (Richman, 1994a). The next step is the rational translation of our understanding of the pathogenesis of viral diseases and the responses of virus replication to intervention with antiviral drugs in the design of combination regimens for the durable, effective control of viral disease. Drug treatment selects for the emergence of resistant mutants. For single stranded RNA viruses, whose genomic replication lacks a proofreading mechanism, the mutation frequencies are approximately 10 -‘. Thus, a single lo-kilobase genome, like that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), would be expected to contain on average one mutation in each progeny viral genome. Many virus infections are characterized by high levels of virus replication with high rates of virus turnover. This is especially true of the chronic infection with HIV, hepatitis B virus
Preserving quantum coherence using optimized open-loop control techniques

We describe experimental and theoretical studies of open-loop quantum control techniques known as dynamical decoupling (DD) for the suppression of decoherence-induced errors in quantum systems. Our experiments on trapped atomic ion qubits demonstrate that it is possible to optimize the construction of DD sequences for a given noise power spectral density. Studies of novel sequences derived analytically or through numerical optimization - while maintaining fixed control resources - demonstrate large gains in our ability to preserve quantum coherence in arbitrary noise environments.
Mechanosensory projections to cerebral cortex of sheep.

This study mapped the mechanosensory projections to cerebral cortex of sheep, to complete earlier partial maps and to relate cortical projections to the organization previously determined in ventrobasal thalamus. Tungsten microelectrodes were used to explore thoroughly the walls and depths of cortical sulci as well as the previously studied gyral crowns, for regions responsive to mechanical stimulation of peripheral receptors, in sheep anesthetized with Dialurethane or nitrous oxide with either halothane or methoxyflurane. Earlier findings of a large projection from the ipsilateral mouth, lips and nose were confirmed. In addition, a small representation of the contralateral body and limbs was found which corresponds in most respects to the “second” sensory area (SII) of other mammals. In the primary (SI) sensory cortex, representations of the body and limbs were not found despite thorough fine-grain mapping. Responses possibly representing a vestige of primary sensory cortex, and mechanosensory responses in claustro-cortex, were also observed.
Localization of the serotonergic terminal fields modulating seizures in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat.

Summary Serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to exert antiepileptic effects in a variety of generalized convulsive seizure models, particularly the genetically epilepsy-prone rat (GEPR). The present study was designed to identify the region/site(s) where 5-HT exerts anticonvulsant effects in the GEPR-9, a model in which sound-evoked generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) are highly sensitive to manipulations in 5-HT concentration. Because the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, was known to exert anticonvulsant effects in GEPR-9s via a 5-HT-dependent mechanism, we utilized selective regional 5-HT depletion in combination with systemic fluoxetine administration to find the site where a 5-HT deficit would prevent the anticonvulsant action of fluoxetine. Widespread destruction of serotonergic terminal fields or regionally specific terminal field destruction was achieved using intracerebroventricular and more target specific infusions of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. The capacity of fluoxetine to suppress seizures in GEPR-9s following a loss of 5-HT was then examined. The present findings show the anticonvulsant action of fluoxetine is markedly attenuated following the loss of midbrain 5-HT, particularly in the region of the superior colliculus, while forebrain and spinal cord 5-HT do not appear to play a role in the action of fluoxetine. The importance of the deep layers of the SC was confirmed by demonstrating that direct microinfusion of fluoxetine into the SC can suppress seizures in rats pretreated with the 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist pindolol.
Sources of Journal Articles in Select APGA Journals According to Academic Rank of Authors

The academic rank of authori of articles appearing in The Personnel and Guidance Journal, The Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Vocational Guidance Quarterly, and Counselor Education and Supervision during 1975, 1976, and 1977 is reported. The greatest percentage of authors (41.19%) held no academic rank. Relative to their colleagues with academic rank, Assistant Professors were most frequently represented. Students and Instructors were infrequently represented. Variables that may influence the obseruedfrequency ofauthorship as wellas limitations ofthisstudy are discussed. It is recommended that counselor educators encourage their students to conduct studies and to report the results as part of their training.
The substitution chemistry of a useful new synthon with neutral donor ligands. Part 2. The reactions of [TcCl3(NNPh2)(PPh3)2] with neutral nitrogen and carbon ligands. The X-ray structure of [TcCl2(NNPh2)(bipy)(PPh3)][PF6], [TcCl2(NNPh2)(terpy)][BF4] and [TcCl(NNPh2)(CNCH2Ph)2(PPh3)2][PF6]

The reaction of [TcCl 3 (NNPh 2 )(PPh 3 ) 2 ] complex with 2,2′ bipyridine in MeOH yields [TcCl(OMe)(NNPh 2 )(PPh 3 )(bipy)] + which is isolated as the (BPh 4 ) − salt. The X-ray structure shows the diphenylisodiazene ligand and methoxide in the axial sites, with the bipyridyl ligand, triphenylphosphine and chloride in the equatorial plane. The methoxide ligand is introduced from the reaction solvent. The TcN(1) bond length is 1.755(3) A, while N(1)N(2) is 1.298(4) A and the TcN(1)N(2) bond angle is 171.4(2)°, which reflects the multiple bonding through out the zwitterionic isodiazene moiety. The distorted octahedral geometry results from the small bite angle associated with the bipyridine ligand which is 75.98(10)°. In the reaction of [TcCl 3 (NNPh 2 )(PPh 3 ) 2 ] with terpyridine in MeOH, [TcCl 2 (NNPh 2 )(terpy)] + is isolated as the (BF 4 ) − salt. The X-ray structure shows the isodiazene ligand and terpyridine ligands in the equatorial plane and the chloride ligands in a mutually trans orientation. The TcN(1) bond length is 1.739(3) A and the N(1)N(2) bond length is 1.301(4) A again reflecting the multiple bonding throughout the metal–nitrogen–nitrogen framework. The TcN(1)N(2) bond angle is 174.3(3)° which, along with the N(1)N(2)C bond angles of 120.3(3)° and 115.8(3)°, are indicative of sp 2 hybridization on the β-nitrogen atom. The reaction of [TcCl 3 (NNPh 2 )(PPh 3 ) 2 ] with RNC {where R=CH 2 Ph} yields [TcCl(NNPh 2 )(PPh 3 ) 2 (CNR) 2 ] + , which is isolated as the (PF 6 ) − salt. The reaction with isonitrile results in a one electron reduction of the technetium synthon, resulting in the clean isolation of the Tc(II) product. The TcN(1) bond length is 1.832(5) A and the N(1)N(2) bond length is 1.287(6) A, and the TcN(1)N(2) bond angle is 157.8(4)°. This new structural conformation approaches the ‘bent’ conformation of the isodiazene MNN linkage with sp 2 hybridization on both the α- and β-nitrogen atoms. There is no sign of an NH stretch in the IR and no evidence of a proton in the X-ray structure, so the addition of NH 4 PF 6 as counter ion did not protonate the isodiazene ligand's α-nitrogen.
Immigration, European union and health issues: a commentary.

In 2010, 47,348,000 foreign-born immigrants lived in European nion (EU) countries, composing almost 10% of its population. Italy anked5th afterGermany, France, UnitedKingdom, and Spain,with total of 4,798,000 registered foreign-bornpersons living there and urrently representing 8.3% of the Italian population [1]. Europe is amiliar with immigration. During its long history, several waves of igrating people have crossed its soil. Starting with barbaric tribal ovements crossing and destroying everything on their way from orth and East to South and West of Europe and finally mixing ith, or being expelled by the local populations. In the beginning f the 20th century, Europe was the starting point for emigration o North America and Australia and after World War II, the target f immigration from Turkey, Greece and Italy to Central Europe. part from the two Great Wars, which brought a toll of more than 00 million dead, destruction and even larger numbers of people islocated from their homes, the pattern of immigration to Europe as, with infrequent exceptions, an internal affair. The last three ecadeshowever, havewitnessed aquite different patternof immiration to Europe and especially to European Union (EU) countries. illions of people from Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe, wanting o escape war, oppression, natural disasters or poverty, try by any eans to find refuge in this continent as, legal or mostly illegal, mmigrants. They carry along with them to the host countries, not nly their meagre belongings, but also diseases prevalent in their ome nations. Besides tuberculosis, well-known health problems nclude hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV), human immunodeficiency (HIV) iral infections [2] and occasionally co-infections, including hepatiis delta virus (HDV) aswell [3]. Immigrants crossing the borders of reece originate mostly from Balkan countries, Central Asia, Midle East and Africa; those immigrating to Central Europe come ostly from Eastern Europe and Turkey and those entering Italy nd Spain, fromneighbouring European countries, NorthAfrica and atin America. Northern Balkan countries and in particular Albaia, Romania and Moldova, have high prevalence of HBV and HDV nfection [4]; the Middle East and especially Egypt, are areas of igh HCV endemicity [5]; Afghan and Pakistani immigrants have lso increased carriership of HBV andHCV. Sub-Saharan Africa coninues to have high prevalence of HIV infection, especially among
A Simulation Atlas of Tidal Features in Galaxies

Detailed simulations of tidally induced structure in disk galaxies have either concentrated on specific systems or consisted of a few encounters with relatively small numbers of particles and no self-gravity. Observers need a 'dictionary' of simulations that covers many encounter parameters with fine morphological resolution and includes effects of self-gravitation. Observers can then search the dictionary for the parameters that best match a particular observed morphology. Alternatively, the dictionary can be used with observational samples for statistical studies of system parameters. To fill this need, we present a survey of model tidal encounters using a self-gravitating, 180,000 particle, two-component ('stars' and 'gas') disk. A wide variety of fascinating morphologies results. There are 86 different encounters that vary orbit tilt, perigalacticon distance, galaxy to companion mass ratio, and the amount of halo dark matter relative to the disk. For morphological comparisons, over 1700 images of the entire survey are available in video form. While there is a rich variety of tidal structure covering much of this parameter space, some general patterns may be remarked. There is a strong orbital inclination dependence of the symmetry of tidal patterns, most symmetric for planar orbits and nearly one-sided for polar encounters. Retrograde encounters produce only broad fanlike global patterns, but rich small-scale internal structure. In both kinds of encounter, our numerical resolution allows us to track internal spiral structure driven by the outer material arms, especially in the lighter halo simulations. We note also that polar encounters generate series of expanding, essentially non-rotating loops resembling shell structures in some respects.
Arginine modifiers as energy transfer inhibitors in photophosphorylation

Photophosphorylation by spinach chloroplasts is inhibited after they have been incubated in the dark with either phenylglyoxal or butanedione. Inhibition by phenylglyoxal is strongest when N-ethylmorpholine is the buffer used during the incubation; that by butanedione requires the presence of borate as buffer. The inhibitions are not reversed by simply washing out the inhibitor, suggesting that a covalent modification of one or more arginine residues is responsible. This is supported by the reversibility of the butanedione inhibition if both the inhibitor and borate buffer are removed. ATPase of the chloroplasts, and of extracted protein, is inhibited, whether activated by trypsin or by heating. This indicates that arginine residues of the coupling factor are the probable major site(s) for attack by these modifiers, leading to the observed inhibitions.
Changing the inpatient care experience to support high- risk newborn development

Abstract Early experience, including that of intermediate and intensive hospital care, affects the physiological and developmental outcomes of high-risk newborns. The provision of care based on the Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) has been shown to improve short- and long-term outcomes. Translating this research-based, comprehensive programme into practice can be challenging. A collaborative, interdisciplinary quality improvement strategy guided by a content expert can provide the framework to transform the care experience from traditional, healthcare-professional centred, task-directed care to holistic, individualised, relationship-based care.
Purification of Cyclops Cultures By Ph Shock (Copepoda)

Daphnia were removed from mixed invertebrate cultures containing Cyclops by pH-shock-induced selective mortality. At pH 3.6-3.8, all Daphnia were killed within 7 hours, whereas 11 to 29% of the Cyclops survived. Such survivors can be used to begin Daphnia-free subcultures for research and production of live fish-feed.
Japanese management and labor relations in US subsidiaries

Here the author surveys Japanese executives and American workers in Japanese subsidiaries in the US. American employees welcome Japanese labor practices which increase employment stability, cash wages and individual leverage, but oppose those requiring collective behaviour and loyalty to the firm.
The DINO parallel programming language

Abstract DINO (DIstributed Numerically Oriented language) is a language for writing parallel programs for distributed memory (MIMD) multiprocessors. It is oriented toward expressing data parallel algorithms, which predominate in parallel numerical computation. Its goal is to make programming such algorithms natural and easy, without hindering their run-time efficiency. DINO consists of standard C augmented by several high-level parallel constructs that are intended to allow the parallel program to conform to the way an algorithm designer naturally thinks about parallel algorithms. The key constructs are the ability to declare a virtual parallel computer that is best suited to the parallel computation, the ability to map distributed data structures onto this virtual machine, and the ability to define procedures that will run on each processor of the virtual machine concurrently. Most of the remaining details of distributed parallel computation, including process management and interprocessor communication, result implicitly from these high-level constructs and are handled automatically by the compiler. This paper describes the syntax and semantics of the DINO language, gives examples of DINO programs, presents a critique of the DINO language features, and discusses the performance of code generated by the DINO compiler.
A novel HIV-1 isolate containing alterations affecting the NF-κB element

Three molecular clones of HIV-1, derived from a single isolate (AL1), exhibited distinct replicative and cytopathic properties during propagation in a human T cell line. The phenotypic differences observed were attributable, in large part, to changes affecting the viral LTR. Nucleotide sequence and PCR analyses demonstrated the presence of novel duplications or deletions involving the NF-kappa B motif. These changes in the enhancer element were identified in the original AL1 virus stock. Subcloning of the variant NF-kappa B segments into LTR-driven CAT expression vectors confirmed a correlation between promoter activity and replicative/cytopathic capacity.
Glaucoma screening of patients with and without dementia.

Glaucoma's damage to peripheral vision compromises mobility to a greater extent than ocular pathology limiting central vision. Half of glaucoma is undiagnosed, as the majority of primary care physicians do not screen for glaucoma. Glaucoma is more prevalent in older adults with dementia than without dementia. This study tested the hypothesis that, in adults 60 and older with dementia, glaucoma screening failure is significantly higher than without dementia. An observational cross-sectional research design with a categorical outcome variable was used. Potential participants/caregivers were questioned regarding glaucoma diagnosis and treatment. Those denying glaucoma or treatment qualified for free screening. Participants (n = 103) were 75% African American (75 females, 28 males, average age 75 ± 7.59). Thirty-three had dementia. Referral rate with dementia was significantly higher than without dementia (54% vs. 27%, χ2 = 7.32, p = 0.0007) (95% CI = 0.304–0.816), affirming the study hypothesis. Lack of glau...
Nonsemisimple Macdonald polynomials

The paper is mainly devoted to the irreducibility of the polynomial representation of the double affine Hecke algebra for an arbitrary reduced root system and generic “central charge” q. The technique of intertwiners in the nonsemisimple variant is the main tool. We introduce the Macdonald nonsemisimple polynomials and use them to analyze the reducibility of the polynomial representation in terms of the affine exponents, counterparts of the classical Coxeter exponents. The focus is on principal aspects of the technique of intertwiners, including related problems of the theory of reduced decomposition in affine Weyl groups and semisimple submodules of the polynomial representation.
Personal FM systems for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): An initial investigation

Abstract The goal of this initial investigation was to examine the potential benefit of a frequency modulation (FM) system for 11 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or both disorders through measures of speech recognition performance in noise, observed classroom behavior, and teacher-rated educational risk and listening behaviors. Use of the FM system resulted in significant average improvements in speech recognition in noise for the children with ASD and ADHD as well as large effect sizes. When compared to typically functioning peers, children with ASD and ADHD had significantly poorer average speech recognition performance in noise without the FM system but comparable average performance when the FM system was used. Similarly, classroom observations yielded a significant increase in on-task behaviors and large effect sizes when the FM system was in use during two separate trial periods. Although teacher ratings on questionnaires showed no significant improvement in the average level of educational risk of participants, they did indicate significant improvement in average listening behaviors during two trial periods with the FM system. Given the significantly better speech recognition in noise, increased on-task behaviors, and improved teacher ratings of listening behaviors with the FM system, these devices may be a viable option for children who have ASD and ADHD in the classroom. However, an individual evaluation including audiological testing and a functional evaluation in the child's primary learning environment will be necessary to determine the benefit of an FM system for a particular student. Learning Outcomes : 1. The reader will be able to describe the potential benefit of FM systems for children with ASD and/or ADHD. 2. The reader will be able to identify on-task versus off-task listening behaviors in children with ASD and/or ADHD. 3. The reader will be able to explain the components of a successful pre-fit education program that may be necessary prior to fitting an FM system in children with ASD.
Structure of the Upper Mantle Under the EPR from Waveform Inversion of Regional Events

Waveform inversions of seismograms recorded at the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) Experiment ocean bottom seismometer array from regional events with paths following the East Pacific Rise (EPR) require that low shear velocities (
Conjugate duality: Some applications to economic theory

Abstract A simple duality theorem in nonlinear programming is given using conjugate function concepts. This is applied to problems in the theory of the firm with Cobb-Douglas and CES production functions, to utility functions for consumer demand, and also to the problem of spatial market equilibrium.
Steven C. Wofsy Receives 2012 Roger Revelle Medal: Citation

Steven C. Wofsy was awarded the 2012 Roger Revelle Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “outstanding contributions in atmospheric sciences, atmosphere-ocean coupling, atmosphere-land coupling, biogeochemical cycles, climate, or related aspects of the Earth system.”
Annotation of figures from the biomedical imaging literature: a comparative analysis of RadLex and other standardized vocabularies.

Rationale and Objectives RadLex is a standardized vocabulary developed for clinical practice, research, and education in radiology. This report sought to analyze the use of RadLex to annotate and index the captions of images from the peer-reviewed biomedical literature and to compare the number of annotations per term for RadLex and five other biomedical ontologies in a large corpus of figure captions from biomedical imaging publications. Materials and Methods RadLex and five other biomedical vocabularies were evaluated. A fully automated web service was used to discover the vocabularies' terms in a collection of 385,018 figure captions from 613 peer-reviewed biomedical journals. Annotations (i.e., figure-term pairs) were analyzed by vocabulary. RadLex annotations were analyzed by journal and RadLex term class. Results RadLex had the greatest number of annotations per term of the six vocabularies. On average, there were 10.1 RadLex annotations per figure; 380,338 figures (98.8%) were annotated with at least one RadLex term and 288,163 figures (74.8%) were annotated with six or more RadLex terms. Of 39,218 RadLex terms, 8504 (21.7%) were mapped to images in the collection, which was the highest percentage of any of the vocabularies. Conclusions Although comprising four to 10 times fewer terms than other vocabularies, RadLex showed excellent performance in indexing radiology-centric content. Almost all of the images in a large collection of figures from peer-reviewed biomedical journals were annotated with at least one RadLex term, and almost 75% of the images were annotated with six or more terms.
Electric currents generated by turbulent flows of liquid hydrocarbons in smooth pipes: Experiment vs. theory

Abstract Available data on the electric convection current generated by turbulent liquid hydrocarbon flows in smooth-walled pipes are reviewed and compared with the theory of Abedian and Sonin (1982, J. Fluid Mech. 120 199–217). A good comparison is obtained by assuming a single value of the zeta-potential for all experiments.
Influence of air mass source region on nanoparticle events and hygroscopicity in central Virginia, U.S.

Abstract During autumn, 2006, variation in the frequency of aerosol nucleation events, as inferred from nanoparticle growth events, and associated hygroscopicity were investigated as a function of air mass transport history at a mixed deciduous forest in central Virginia, U.S. Above-canopy size distributions of aerosols between 0.012 and 0.700 μm diameter, size-resolved particle hygroscopicity at eight dry diameters between 0.012 and 0.400 μm, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity were characterized. Air mass back trajectories were clustered to identify source regions. Growth events were most frequent in fast-moving air masses (mean = 9 m s−1) that originated over the north central U.S. Under these flow regimes, mean values for preexisting sub-μm aerosol number concentrations (4700 cm−3), corresponding surface area (142 μm2 cm−3), air temperature (6.2 °C), and relative humidity (RH, 49.4%) were relatively low compared to other regimes. Under stagnant flow conditions (mean = 3 m s−1), mean number concentrations were higher (>6000 cm−3) and size fractions
The Significant Life Experiences (SLEs) of Humane Educators

This study provides evidence of the significant life experiences (SLEs), which influence advocates for nonhuman animals to develop sensitivity toward animals. Thirty-nine humane educators participated in an online survey. Findings indicate that having a relationship with a companion animal in adulthood is the most important life experience, followed by having a childhood experience with an animal, being exposed to a positive role model in childhood, and reading about animals and animal issues. The study did not find age and gender related differences in life experiences. This paper compares the results from this study to two previous studies. The first study examined the SLEs of animal advocate leaders through analysis of autobiographies, biographies, oral histories, and written interviews. The second study examined the SLEs of animal rescuers through an open-ended survey. This paper discusses similarities and differences among these three groups.
Percutaneous transseptal balloon mitral valvuloplasty: The Chinese experience in 30 patients

Abstract The results of percutaneous transseptal balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PTBMV) in 30 Chinese patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis are reported. PTBMV with the Inoue balloon catheter was successfully performed in 27 patients without any significant complications. The mean left atrial pressure decreased from 20.15 ± 6.75 to 7.06 ± 4.54 mm Hg ( p p p 2 ( p