cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subjects Without a World? An Husserlian Analysis of Solitary Confinement

Psychiatrist Stuart Grassian has proposed the term “SHU syndrome” to name the cluster of cognitive, perceptual and affective symptoms that commonly arise for inmates held in the Special Housing Units (SHU) of supermax prisons. In this paper, I analyze the harm of solitary confinement from a phenomenological perspective by drawing on Husserl’s account of the essential relation between consciousness, the experience of an alter ego and the sense of a real, Objective world. While Husserl’s prioritization of transcendental subjectivity over transcendental intersubjectivity underestimates the degree to which first-person consciousness is constitutively intertwined with the embodied consciousness of others, Husserl’s phenomenology nevertheless provides a fruitful starting-point for a philosophical engagement with the psychiatric research on solitary confinement.
The injection of capillaries, arterioles, and arteries in the ventricles of the human heart by a radio-opaque medium.

The method used to study a series of hearts after death by injection with a radio-opaque media, Chromopaque, and microradiography using Kodak High Resolution plates is described. The medium could be confined to either small arteries or arterioles or allowed to fill capillaries. Considerably greater magnification of the small vessels was achieved than has hitherto been possible.
Fuzzy prediction and filtering in impulsive noise

Additive fuzzy systems can filter impulsive noise from signals. Alpha-stable statistics model the impulsiveness as a parametrized family of probability density functions or unit-area bell curves. The bell-curve parameter ct ranges through the interval (0, 2) and gives the Gaussian bell curve when 0t = 2 and gives the Cauchy bell curve when ~t = 1. The impulsiveness grows as ~ falls and the bell curves have thicker tails. Only the Gaussian statistics have finite variances or finite higher moments. An additive fuzzy system can learn ellipsoidal fuzzy rule patches from a new pseudo-covariation matrix or measure of alpha-stable covariation. Mahalanobis distance gives a joint set function for the learned if-part fuzzy sets of the if-then rules. The joint set function preserves input correlations that factored set functions ignore. Competitive learning tunes the local means and pseudo-covariations of the alpha-stable statistics and thus tunes the fuzzy rules. Then the covariation rules can both predict nonlinear signals in impulsive noise and filter the impulsive noise in time-series data. The fuzzy system filtered such noise better than did a benchmark radial basis neural network. 1. Filtering impulsive noise Impulsive noise is not Gaussian. The bell-curve density of impulsive noise has thicker tails than a Gaus- sian bell curve has. The thicker tails give rise to more frequent bursts of noise. The Cauchy density f(x) = 1/n(l+x 2) has this property and so do all alpha-stable probability densities (17) for index parameter ~ in 0 < ~t < 2. The Cauchy density is the special case when ct = 1. The thicker polynomial tails give an infinite variance and give infinite higher-order moments. The lower-order fractional moments are still finite. The Gaussian density is the special case of an alpha-stable density when ct = 2. It is unique in this family because it has exponential tails and has finite variance and higher-order moments. Fig. 1 shows how alpha-stable noise grows more impulsive as the index ~t falls from 2 to 1. The Gaussian bell curve is by far the most common bell curve in science and engineering. It fits some data well and depends on just the first and second moments of a process. This gives simple closed-form solutions to many problems. Limiting sums of independent random variables converge to a standard Gaussian variable if the variables have finite variance. The key term e -x2 is in effect invariant under linear transforms
AutoTool I: a human focus on the development of software for tool control

A software package for wet process tool control (AutoTool) developed to provide the capability for flexible, user-oriented manufacturing tool control, is described. The conception and communication of the system design, from user to engineer to programmer, is detailed. The program structure of AutoTool is described with respect to functionality. Special emphasis is given to the user interface. >
Alterations of the rapid filling phase in congestive heart failure.

Abstract Electrokymographic studies were made of the duration and contour of the various phases of the cardiac cycle in systole and diastole in a series of nineteen patients suffering from nonvalvular congestive heart failure. A comparison with similar observations in a group of thirty-one normal subjects revealed that significant alterations in the length of the various phases occurred only in the period of rapid filling. The duration of the rapid filling phase was definitely shortened in the patients with cardiac disease. No significant changes in the duration or contour of the phases of isometric contraction or ejection were found. The possible causes for the observed shortening of the rapid filling phase in congestive failure are discussed. The presence of an increased atrioventricular pressure filling gradient appears best to explain this observed shortening. By contrast, no change in the time relationships of the various phases of systole were observed in the cardiac patients as compared with those in normal subjects.
Integrated D-band transmitter and receiver for wireless data communication in 65 nm CMOS

A 140 GHz transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) chip set has been developed in 65 nm CMOS by using on---off keying non-coherent modulation to support high speed proximity data communication. To the author's best knowledge, it enables the first integrated multi-Gbps data link in D-band by saving power hungry frequency synthesizer, high speed data convertors and complicated digital signal processor. The Tx and Rx occupy 0.03 and 0.12 mm2 chip areas, respectively. To validate the communication at 140 GHz carrier frequency, a data link has been built to demonstrate up to 2.5 Gbps data rate with power consumption of 115/120 mW for Tx/Rx respectively.
COLONY GROWTH OF TWO SPECIES OF SOLENOPSIS FIRE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) REARED WITH CRICKETS AND BEEF LIVER

Abstract Most diets for rearing fire ants and other ants contain insects such as crickets or mealworms. Unfortunately, insect diets are expensive, especially for large rearing operations, and are not always easily available or uniformly effective. This study was designed to examine colony growth of Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) fire ants fed beef liver. Five experiments were performed: four with Solenopsis invicta Buren colonies and one with Solenopsis geminata (F.) colonies. In these experiments, we compared the net growth of colonies fed raw liver, boiled liver-agar, and/or raw liver-agar all with house crickets (Acheta domesticus, (L.); Orthoptera: Gryllidae) as a standard diet. Both liver and house cricket diets produced healthy growing colonies at the end of 6–8 wk. However, colonies fed crickets were 1.7 to 3 times larger than those fed with liver. Raw liver and raw liver-agar diets performed similarly. Boiling the liver significantly reduced colony growth in S. geminata, but liver boiled for...
Bullying and the Gifted: Victims, Perpetrators, Prevalence, and Effects

Gifted eighth graders (N = 432) in 11 U.S. states participated in a retrospective national study that explored the prevalence and effects of being bullied and being a bully during kindergarten through grade 8. No significant differences were found related to size of city, race/ethnicity, and geographical region in terms of either being bullied or being a bully. Sixty-seven percent of all participants had experienced at least 1 of 13 kinds of bullying listed on the survey, more in grade 6 than in other grades, and 11% had experienced repeated bullying. Name-calling and teasing about appearance were the most common kinds of bullying, and the latter was among several kinds of bullying significantly related to emotional impact. In grade 8, 16% were bullies, and 29% had violent thoughts. At all grade levels, a larger percentage of males than females were bullied, were bullied more than 10 times, and were bullies.
The Relevance of Control Beliefs for Health and Aging

Publisher Summary Adults and those in later life with a high sense of control appear better off on many indicators of health and well-being. However, those who have a lower sense of control may be at increased risk for a wide range of negative behavioral, affective, and functional outcomes, including higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, use of fewer health protective behaviors and compensatory memory strategies (internal or external memory aids), and have poorer health and memory functioning. The apparent decline of the sense of control associated with aging is of concern especially given the adaptive value of maintaining beliefs in one's control over outcomes. This chapter presents a wealth of information about control beliefs, but there is much to explore before to fully understand the dynamic processes involved in changes and the linkages with outcomes. Sense of control is a promising dimension because it is amenable to change unlike more traditional stable personality traits. This can potentially lead researchers in the direction of new interventions to promote optimal aging.
Social Determinants of Self-Regulation Development

Self-regulation refers to the ability to control cognition and behavior while delaying gratification. This set of processes develops across the life course. Self-regulation had a direct impact on health, income, and interpersonal relationships. A growing body of evidence is unveiling the association between early adversity and deficits in self-regulation development. Lack of stimulation and exposure to toxic levels of stress are two proposed mechanisms by which early adversity exerts its deleterious influence on self-regulation development. Moreover, poverty-related biological and chemical risks may also affect child development prenatally. Cumulative exposures to environmental, biological, and psychosocial risks may also account for the divergent trajectories between high and low socioeconomic backgrounds. The first part of this chapter describes the role of self-regulation in health outcomes and how it develops under normal conditions. The second half addresses the influence of social determinants on such development.
Prevention and treatment of intraoperative complications of thoracic surgery

Zur Sicherstellung einer niedrigen Komplikationsrate ist eine umfassende Strategie notwendig. Diese beinhaltet in erster Linie praventive Schritte: die Patientenlagerung, geeignete Zugange, ein sachverstandiges Operationsteam sowie eine vorausschauende Dissektion und Praparation. Weiterhin sollte zusatzliches Instrumentarium, wie z. B. Thrombektomiekatheter, spezielle Gefasklemmen bis hin zur ECMO (extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung) oder HLM (Herz-Lungen-Maschine), bei sehr zentral gelegenen Tumoren bereitgehalten werden. Nicht zu vergessen sind Kontrollinstrumente wie Broncho-/Osophagoskop. In ausgewahlten Fallen kann eine praoperative Embolisation (Gefasfehlbildung) oder Sahneapplikation (Ductus-thoracicus-Verletzung) hilfreich sein. Entsprechend ihrer Topographie werden fur die Thoraxwand, das Lungenparenchym, die Lungengefase, die grosen Gefase, die Bronchialarterien, die Trachea und Bronchien, die Speiserohre, den Ductus thoracicus, das Herz, die Wirbelsaule und das Brustbein spezielle Interventionen zur Behebung entstandener Komplikationen beschrieben.
Identification of cancer of unknown primary with gene expression profiling

10052 Background: Patients with metastatic cancer of unknown primary (CUP) generally have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 2–10 months. Conventional diagnostic approaches for identifying the primary tumor site are successful in only 20%-30% of cases; however, such identification provides prognostic information and helps with selection of tumor-specific therapy, leading to improved survival. Recent studies indicate that gene expression-based classification of CUP is highly successful in predicting the site of origin. We report herein development and validation of a method that determines the site of tumor origin by comparing the gene expression profiles of CUP cases to those in a database created from known tumor types. Methods: RNA extracted from frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue wasis purified and amplified using the Paradise Reagent System System (Arcturus, Mountain View, CA). Following reverse-transcription, cDNA products wereare used in a semi-quantitative real-time...
The XIIIth International Physiological Congress in Boston in 1929: American physiology comes of age

In the 19th century, the concept of experimental physiology originated in France with Claude Bernard, evolved in Germany stimulated by the teaching of Carl Ludwig, and later spread to Britain and t...
Thermal-transient effects on pressure measurements: Thermal transients at the boundaries of diaphragm-type pressure transducers can cause mechanical deformations in the diaphragm, and simulate erroneous pressure transients

A set of experiments were performed on a flush-mounted strain-gage pressure transducer to determine the nature of erroneous responses induced by two types of thermal transients. The thermal transients studied were a constant step increase in transducer-diaphragm surface temperature, and a constant step increase in diaphragm-surface heat flux. The responses of the transducer to changes in ambient temperature and to temperature gradients in the transducer housing at steady state were investigated also.
Cell viability measurement using 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester and a cantilever sensor.

Detection of viable pathogenic bacteria has widespread application in food safety and human health. Antibody-based methods require a growth step which limits time-to-results performance. In this study, we use a mass-change sensitive cantilever biosensor and a probe, 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM), that accumulates only in live cells inducing a mass-change response to determine the cell viability in a short time. A poly-l-lysine coated sensor immobilized with live Escherichia coli JM101 (a surrogate for a pathogenic target) at various concentrations was exposed to BCECF-AM in a flow arrangement. A larger resonant frequency decrease in response to 100 μL of 60 μM BCECF-AM was observed when the sensor surface cell concentration was increased from 1 090 ± 580 to 3 960 ± 370 cells/mm2 (n = 5). A log−linear relationship between the sensor surface cell concentration and frequency response was obtained in the range of 1 000−4 000 cells/mm2 and as low as ∼2 0...
Initiative to Enhance Radiological Resilience

The recent events at the Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima, Japan, have highlighted the need to enhance the resilience to radiological and nuclear events. The incidence and the associated large releases of radioactive materials had and still have an enormous societal and economical impact in Japan and globally. Although no casualties and health effects have been and likely will be attributable directly to radiation, these events have manifold and substantial impact on local communities and have provoked ongoing anxiety and concerns globally.
De dualismos y domesticaciones: Davidson, Mcdowell y Hegel

El renacimiento del interes por Hegel en el mundo filosofico se apoya en varios puntos: la superacion del dualismo entre el esquema conceptual y el contenido (Davidson, McDowell), la disipacion del mito de lo dado (Sellars, Quine) y el inferencialismo (Brandom). En relacion con el primer punto, John McDowell intenta superar aquel dualismo, echando mano de un Hegel cuya retorica requiere de una domesticacion. Se intenta iluminar el alcance y algunas limitaciones de esta propuesta, en su intento por desmontar la filosofia del permanente movimiento entre el mito de lo dado o la inmediatez, por un lado, y el coherentismo, por el otro.
Cyanotic heart disease in a young woman.

(1992). Cyanotic Heart Disease in a Young Woman. Hospital Practice: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 16-18.
Reusing stack traces: automated attack surface approximation

Security requirements around software systems have become more stringent as society becomes more interconnected via the Internet. New ways of prioritizing security efforts are needed so security professionals can use their time effectively to find security vulnerabilities or prevent them from occurring in the first place. The goal of this work is to help software development teams prioritize security efforts by approximating the attack surface of a software system via stack trace analysis. Automated attack surface approximation is a technique that uses crash dump stack traces to predict what code may contain exploitable vulnerabilities. If a code entity (a binary, file or function) appears on stack traces, then Attack Surface Approximation (ASA) considers that code entity is on the attack surface of the software system. We also explore whether number of appearances of code on stack traces correlates with where security vulnerabilities are found. To date, feasibility studies of ASA have been performed on Windows 8 and 8.1, and Mozilla Firefox. The results from these studies indicate that ASA may be useful for practitioners trying to secure their software systems. We are now working towards establishing the ground truth of what the attack surface of software systems is, along with looking at how ASA could change over time, among other metrics.
Infrared inhibition of embryonic hearts

Infrared control is a new technique that uses pulsed infrared lasers to thermally alter electrical activity. Originally developed for nerves, we have applied this technology to embryonic hearts using a quail model, previously demonstrating infrared stimulation and, here, infrared inhibition. Infrared inhibition enables repeatable and reversible block, stopping cardiac contractions for several seconds. Normal beating resumes after the laser is turned off. The block can be spatially specific, affecting propagation on the ventricle or initiation on the atrium. Optical mapping showed that the block affects action potentials and not just calcium or contraction. Increased resting intracellular calcium was observed after a 30-s exposure to the inhibition laser, which likely resulted in reduced mechanical function. Further optimization of the laser illumination should reduce potential damage. Stopping cardiac contractions by disrupting electrical activity with infrared inhibition has the potential to be a powerful tool for studying the developing heart.
The thesis applied to parasitoids, plants, and vertebrate taxa

This chapter is devoted to an examination of possibilities for extending the Phylogenetic Constraints Hypothesis to taxa other than insect herbivores. My ability to accomplish an insightful overview of any other taxon is severely limited for a number of reasons. First, my major research emphasis has been on insects and I know no other group as well. And key observations, intuition, and “strong inference,” as Platt (1964) called it, all play a role in the development of concepts, in biology, usually based on familiarity with a particular organismal group. Moving out of a realm of professional focus certainly lessens the credibility of interpretations developed. Second, insect herbivores live on or in and feed on a very clearly defined resource, the living plant. We can accurately evaluate this resource in many different ways and we can examine precisely how insects respond to resource variation. All of this is much more difficult with plants, granivorous birds, insectivorous birds, bats, and amphibians and planktivorous fish. Third, for each new taxon I consider there is a vast literature characterized by overwhelming detail and underwhelming synthesis, especially that relevant to the thesis proposed in this book. And even with the generous advice of experts in each taxon, I feel that I am only tickling the surface of the question on how the hypothesis applies to plants and vertebrate taxa. A more authoritative treatment requires more space and more time.
Effects of methyl mercury exposure on pancreatic beta cell development and function

Methyl mercury is an environmental contaminant of worldwide concern. Since the discovery of methyl mercury exposure due to eating contaminated fish as the underlying cause of the Minamata disaster, the scientific community has known about the sensitivity of the developing central nervous system to mercury toxicity. Warnings are given to pregnant women and young children to limit consumption of foods containing methyl mercury to protect the embryonic, fetal and postnatally developing central nervous system. However, evidence also suggests that exposure to methyl mercury or various forms of inorganic mercury may also affect development and function of other organs. Numerous reports indicate a worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Quite recently, methyl mercury has been shown to have adverse effects on pancreatic beta (β) cell development and function, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and may even lead to the development of diabetes. This review discusses possible mechanisms by which methyl mercury exposure may adversely affect pancreatic β cell development and function, and the role that methyl mercury exposure may have in the reported worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. While additional information is needed regarding associations between mercury exposure and specific mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diabetes in the human population, methyl mercury's adverse effects on the body's natural sources of antioxidants suggest that one possible therapeutic strategy could involve supplementation with antioxidants. Thus, it is important that additional investigation be undertaken into the role of methyl mercury exposure and reduced pancreatic β cell function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angular Forces in Transition Metals and Diamond Structure Semiconductors

This paper describes the motivation for developing angular forces in transition metals and semiconductors, and discusses the calculation of such forces and their relation to observed structures. The successes and failures of radial force schemes are first briefly described. Subsequently, existing methods for generating angular forces are discussed, with emphasis on methods based on tight-binding analysis. Plots of the angular potentials are given for model transition metals and semiconductors. The features in the potentials are used to interpret observed bond angles in these systems.
Continued Expression of the NRAS(G12V) Oncogene Is Required for the Maintenance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Induced in Cooperation with MLL-AF9.

To study the role of the NRAS(G12V) oncogene in the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells developing with in cooperation with MLL fusion oncogene ( MLL-AF9 ), we used a Vav promoter-Tet transactivator ( Vav-tTA )-driven repressible system of NRAS(G12V) expression in Mll-AF9 mice. Vav-tTA; TRE-NRAS(G12V); Mll-AF9 triply-transgenic mice were generated by crossing the Vav-tTA; TRE-NRAS(G12V) doubly-transgenic FVB/n and Mll-AF9 knock-in BL6 mice. The triply-transgenic FVB/n × BL6 F1 mice expressing both the NRAS(G12V) and Mll-AF9 transgenes developed AML, which showed a trend of decreased latency compared with those carrying only the Mll-AF9 knock-in transgene. Mast cell disease also occurred accordingly in the Vav-tTA; TRE-NRAS(G12V) co-transgenic mice. Since the mastocytosis disease is not transplantable, we transplanted bone marrow cells from four independent AML mice into recipient SCID mice to determine whether NRAS(G12V) expression is necessary to maintain AML in the recipient mice without mastocytosis. Continuously treating the transplanted SCID mice with doxycycline (Dox) in drinking water, we found the expression of NRAS(G12V) oncogene was required for AML persistence in three out of the four independent primary AML cells. Furthermore, we transplanted the AML bone marrow cells previously xenografted in the recipient SCID mice into other SCID mice to conditionally repress NRAS(G12V) expression only after the transplanted AML was fully established. We found the number of WBC cells was greatly decreased 4–6 days after the Dox treatment and this was correlated with the significant increase of apoptotic cells in bone marrow and peripheral bloods. The transplanted AML blast cells underwent apoptosis and were mostly removed from the circulating blood, bone marrow, and spleen after 8 days post Dox treatment. In 2–3 weeks after beginning Dox treatment and observing AML remission, Dox-resistant leukemia relapse was observed in recipient SCID mice. The relapsed leukemia failed to express NRAS(G12V) and showed significantly reduced aggressiveness along with less myelosuppression and more differentiated myeloid lineage cells than AML prior to repression of NRAS(G12V) expression. The NRAS(G12V)-independent relapsed disease histopathologically resembles an aggressive myeloproliferative disease (MPD) rather than AML, because the proportion of AML blast cells was less than 20% of myeloid lineage cells. The NRAS(G12V)-independent MPD could be transplanted into recipient SCID mice, but the subsequent anemia was greatly attenuated compared to transplant of the same AML clone expressing NRAS(G12V). We conclude that NRAS(G12V) can be a good molecular target to treat AML, because NRAS(G12V) expression is required for persistence and specific malignant features in AML induced in cooperation with MLL-AF9. Targeting NRAS(G12V) can strongly disturb the maintenance of AML blast cells and myelosuppression, although leukemia cells can relapse without NRAS(G12V) expression.
Quality of pre-school and its impact on cognitive development of children

The significance of early childhood years has been well established through research evidences. According to Piaget, during early childhood, children learn through accommodating and assimilating new information they come across. The more the child is exposed to stimulating environment, the more he/she will learn. In India, the early childhood service is provided through government run Aanganwadis', Private pre-schools and pre-schools run by NGOs. The present study was undertaken to find out the quality of pre-schools and its impact on cognitive development of children. The data was collected from four pre-schools. From those four pre-schools, 80 children in the age group of 3-5 years were included in the sample. The findings of the study show a positive correlation between quality of pre-school and cognitive development of children. The children of private pre-school were found to lead ahead in cognitive development than children of pre-schools run by NGOs.
Food Technologies: Nanotechnology and Food Safety

Nanotechnology will impact on food safety. Nanotechnology drives miniaturization of electronic devices leading to improvements in computing, communication and data processing. Smart labels or packaging provide a basis for tracking food products, protecting authenticity and allowing traceability. Nanotechnology is being used to design food contact materials that inhibit microbial contamination. Debate over the regulation of nanotechnology concerns the ingestion of certain mineral particulate nanomaterials that may persist and accumulate in the body from production and disposal of products containing nanomaterials. There is also concern over the widespread use of antimicrobial products, which could lead to the development of microbial resistance.
Abstract TP211: Pediatric Age, but Not Treatment and Imaging Findings, Impacts Outcome in Contrast Induced Encephalopathy

Background: Contrast induced encephalopathy (CIE) following radiographic procedures, though a well-recognized complication, occurs sporadically enough that its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment remain undefined and varied. Objective: We sought to identify clinical and radiographic criteria as well as treatment experience vis a vis reported outcomes. Methods: We identified case reports in PUBMED using search terms “contrast induced encephalopathy/neurotoxicity” from which we collected clinical and radiographic variables. Results: Among 52 reports (total 79 patients, including our own unpublished 3 cases) the mean age was 60±16 years, with similar gender distribution. Multiple different contrast media were used (mean dose, 207 ±158 mL). Onset was typically immediate, though delayed cases up to 39 days later occurred. There were 3 confirmed cases (n=2, direct evidence of contrast in cerebrospinal fluid; n=1, autopsy excluded other cause of abnormality) which we classified as ‘definite CIE’. No imaging hallmark features were described in 30 patients, whom we classified as ‘possible CIE.’ The remaining 47, ‘probable CIE,’ demonstrated either diffuse edema or enhancement, with the latter being a more common finding (enhancement=33, 42% vs 11, 14%). Administered treatments included: hydration (n=31), steroids (n=10), hyperosmolar agents (n=4), anti-hypertensives (n=3), anti-convulsants (n=3), thrombolytics (n=3), hemodialysis (n=2), hemicraniectomy (n=1), and n-acetylcysteine. (n=1). There was no correlation between imaging features nor treatment modality and final outcome. Resolution occurred within 5 ±9 days. While most patients improved, 9 (11%) had no/incomplete improvement including 2 (2.5%) who expired. The 2 fatal cases occurred among the only 2 children in the entire series, p Conclusion: The diagnostic approach to CIE may be systemized based on the identification of hallmark radiologic findings, which, whether present or absent, do not appear to affect outcome. Though hydration and supportive remedies are most common, other treatments were not associated with hastened or worsened symptom resolution. And while the outcome of CIE among adults is generally benign, it may be fatal in children.
Loading and elution characteristics of quadrasphere microspheres loaded with bevacizumab

Aim: Super absorbent polyvinyl alcohol-sodium acrylate copolymer microspheres, Quadrasphere microspheres (QSM), are commonly used for drug-eluting bead therapy, however, the literature only reports its use with small molecule chemotherapeutics. This study evaluates the loading and elution characteristics of bevacizumab-loaded QSM. Methods & results: A single vial of QSM was reconstituted with 200 mg of bevacizumab. Drug concentration was determined by ELISA immunoassay. At approximately 90 min, there was maximal loading at 59% of the starting dose. In vitro elution demonstrated 52% of bound bevacizumab was released within the first hour and 68% by 16 h. Conclusion: Bevacizumab can load onto QSM and elute over time. This targeted delivery vehicle may potentially result in more effective treatment and fewer complications related to systemic toxicity.
Markov Chain Modeling for Anomaly Detection in High Performance Computing System Logs

As high performance computing approaches the exascale era, analyzing the massive amount of monitoring data generated by supercomputers is quickly becoming intractable for human analysts. In particular, system logs, which are a crucial source of information regarding machine health and root cause analysis of problems and failures, are becoming far too large for a human to review by hand. We take a step toward mitigating this problem through mathematical modeling of textual system log data in order to automatically capture normal behavior and identify anomalous and potentially interesting log messages. We learn a Markov chain model from average case system logs and use it to generate synthetic system log data. We present a variety of evaluation metrics for scoring similarity between the synthetic logs and the real logs, thus defining and quantifying normal behavior. Then, we explore the abilities of this learned model to identify anomalous behavior by evaluating its ability to catch inserted and missing log messages. We evaluate our model and its performance on the anomaly detection task using a large set of system log files from two institutional computing clusters at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We find that while our model seems to pick up on key features of normal behavior, its ability to detect anomalies varies greatly by anomaly type and the training and test data used. Overall, we find mathematical modeling of system logs to be a promising area for further work, particularly with the goal of aiding human operators in troubleshooting tasks.
The social amplification of risk and landowner liability fear in the U.S. Northern Forest

Abstract Research has documented a gap between fears of landowner liability in recreation-related injuries and the legal protection provided by state limited liability laws. This research calls for landowner education to close this “perception-reality” gap and encourage more recreation on private lands. Education by itself, however, may be insufficient because of social discourse about a liability crisis. This study tested the social amplification of risk framework to predict landowner fear of injury lawsuits, and recreational access decisions. The study sampled landowners across the four Northern Forest states in the Northeast United States, and found partial support for the social amplification process. Landowner lawsuit fear and access decisions were the product of belief in a liability crisis, perceived adequacy of the laws, parcel size, and familiarity with the laws. The results indicate that outreach efforts should focus on developing a toolkit of management practices tailored to individual landowners that reduce the uncertainty of liability risk. Management implications 1. The data provided partial evidence for a social amplification process. Residents in New York, where high-profile recreation-related injury lawsuits are far more frequent than other Northern Forest states, were significantly more fearful of lawsuits and more likely to restrict recreational access to their land. 2. The perception of a liability crisis was widely acknowledged among Northern Forest landowners in spite of liability laws that protect landowners. Those who believed more strongly in a liability crisis were more fearful of lawsuits. 3. Those who were more fearful of lawsuits were more likely to impose partial restrictions on recreational access to their land or to completely eliminate all recreational access to their land. The amplification of risk in public discourse about landowner liability has real consequences for recreational access restrictions on private lands. 4. Knowledge of limited liability statutes, however, had no effect on liability fear. Moreover, greater knowledge of liability protections produced more partial access restrictions to recreational access. This suggests that managing recreational risk on private lands requires more than legal solutions and public education efforts about limited liability statutes. 5. Those who believed that limited liability statutes offered adequate landowner protection were less fearful of lawsuits and less likely to restrict all access to their land. This finding suggests that public education efforts should focus more on the performance of the laws, rather than simply on the description and purposes of the law.
Outcomes after Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty for Critical Pulmonary Stenosis and Incidence of Coronary Artery Fistulas.

Outcome data for neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis (PS) is limited. We aimed to review the outcomes after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) for neonates with critical PS at our institution. All neonates with critical PS who underwent BPV from 1990 to 2017 were included. A total of 44 neonates underwent BPV for critical PS. Nonright ventricular dependent coronary artery fistulas was seen in 6/44 (13.6%) patients. Tricuspid valve z-scores were -1.9 (interquartile range [IQR] -3.04, -0.48) in those with coronary artery fistulas as compared with -0.27 (IQR -0.5, 0.8) in those without (p = 0.03). Fifteen of forty-four subjects (34.1%) patients underwent reintervention with 10 patients (22.7%) requiring an alternate source of pulmonary blood flow (3 patients subsequently underwent right ventricular overhaul, 2 underwent Glenn operations, and 1 underwent repeat BPV). Five patients underwent reintervention for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Pulmonary valve annulus z-score was significantly smaller in those who needed reintervention -2.4 (IQR -2.9 to -0.95) versus -0.59 (IQR -1.3, -0.15); p = 0.02. At a median follow-up of 8.2 (IQR 3.4 to 13.1) years, moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation was seen in 22/42 (53.7 %) patients with biventricular circulation, 3 requiring pulmonary valve repair/replacement. In conclusion, coronary artery fistulas occur in a significant number of patients with critical pulmonary stenosis, occurring more frequently in patients with small tricuspid valves. Reintervention is required for 1/3 of patients. Patients with small pulmonary valve annuli are more likely to undergo reintervention for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Significant pulmonary regurgitation is common and may require eventual pulmonary valve replacement.
Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium chelonae scleral buckle infection.

Abstract Purpose To describe a case of Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium chelonae scleral buckle infection. Observations A 56 year-old male with history of retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle 20 years prior presented with 8 months of intermittent pain and redness in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with scleral buckle infection, the buckle was removed, and cultures revealed multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium chelonae. The postoperative course included orbital cellulitis treated with systemic linezolid, clarithromycin, and imipenem. All systemic antibiotics were discontinued on post-operative day 25, visual acuity improved to 20/25, the retina remained attached, and no recurrence occurred over 3 years of follow-up. Conclusions and importance NTM infections are typically chronic and often require lengthy treatment. SB infection is rare, but often associated with biofilm and antibiotic resistance. In spite of removing the SB, anchoring sutures, sheath surrounding the buckle and associated biofilm, a prolonged course of systemic antibiotics may be necessary in some patients.
Visual acuity, literacy, and unintentional misuse of nonprescription medications.

PURPOSE Results of a study of associations between visual acuity and the risk of misuse of nonprescription acetaminophen products in a sample of community-dwelling adults are reported. METHODS In a study involving English-speaking adults at 4 primary care clinics, the potential for misuse of nonprescription acetaminophen products was measured via a functional assessment of product self-dosing and by testing patients' understanding of the risks of concomitant use (i.e., taking 2 products at the same time when contraindicated). Vision was assessed using the Rosenbaum vision chart and dichotomized as normal (visual acuity of 20/20-20/25) or low (acuity of 20/30-20/100). Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the impact of visual acuity on medication misuse outcomes. RESULTS Among the study participants (n = 500), 39% had limited literacy, and 54% were categorized as having low vision. After controlling for age, race, and prior acetaminophen use, low vision was independently associated with an increased risk of self-dosing errors (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-2.21; p < 0.001) and misunderstanding of concomitant-use risks (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.00-2.00; p = 0.05). Limited literacy was an independent risk factor for incorrect dosing (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.25-2.35; p = 0.001) and unawareness of concomitant use instructions (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.80-6.12; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Misunderstanding of nonprescription acetaminophen product information was common among study participants and independently associated with both impaired visual acuity and low literacy skills.
Presence of midline cilia supersedes the expression of Lefty1 in forming the midline barrier during the establishment of left-right asymmetry

Cilia in the vertebrate left-right organizer are required for the original break in left-right (L-R) symmetry. Subsequently, proper L-R patterning relies on asymmetric expression of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Lefty1, expressed in the embryonic midline, has been defined as the midline barrier, restricting the expression of Nodal to the left LPM. Here we use the mouse ciliary transition zone mutant Mks1krc, that has left isomerism and bilateral expression of the NODAL target Pitx2, to reveal that the expression of Lefty1 in the midline is insufficient for the establishment of the midline barrier. We further show through a comparison of two Tmem107 mutants that cilia in the midline are required to supplement Lefty1 expression and establish the functional midline barrier. Tmem107null mutants have no cilia in the midline and display left isomerism due to the loss of the midline barrier, whereas Tmem107schlei hypomorphic mutants have numerous cilia in the node and the midline, leading to normal Lefty1 expression and L-R patterning. This study reveals a novel role for cilia in the maintenance of L-R asymmetry.
Interventions for High-Risk Youth

Currently, almost 3,000 adolescents have been diagnosed with AIDS and more than 16,000 youth have been identified as seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).1 This represents an almost fourfold increase in the last 5 years in the number of adolescent AIDS cases. However, the latter number reflects seropositive youth in only 26 states; most states do not have HIV reporting laws. Given the long incubation period of the HIV virus, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50% of infections worldwide and 25% of HIV infections in the United States are acquired during adolescence.2 Therefore, the actual number of seropositive youth is likely to be substantially higher.
Comments on Differential Invariants

The subject of differential invariants is possibly as old as the algebraic invariant theory itself. The first differential invariant discovered was the Schwarzian derivative (y‴/y″) — (3/2)(y″/y′)2 of a function y(t) of one variable. It has several invariance properties; two of them are under a fractional linear change of an independent variable and, separately, under a fractional linear change of the dependent variable.
Social justice implications of US managed retreat buyout programs

Global climate change poses significant risks to coastal and riverine communities. Managed retreat, the purposeful movement of people and infrastructure out of vulnerable floodplains, is one possible adaptation strategy. The USA has already engaged in a limited amount of retreat by providing federal funds to purchase and demolish or relocate vulnerable properties. As retreat programs are expected to expand in size and frequency to address the increased risks posed by climate change, a review of how such property acquisition programs have been implemented is timely. Specifically, decisions made by government officials regarding where to acquire properties have significant potential social justice implications, as buyouts could promote or reduce existing social inequities, but it is unclear how such decisions are being made. A review of eight US buyout programs suggests that buyouts, as practiced, lack transparency, which may increase public distrust of the process and reduce participation. Moreover, decisions often involve political motivations and rely on cost-benefit logic that may promote disproportionate retreat in low-income or minority communities, continuing historic patterns of social inequity. However, as low-income communities in the USA also tend to be highly vulnerable to climate-exacerbated hazards, a decision not to relocate may also promote disproportionate harm. The buyout programs reviewed provide examples of how to mitigate these concerns through increased transparency, emphasis on relocation, explicit focus on social inequality, longer-term and larger-scale holistic approaches, and participatory pre-disaster planning. Further research on past programs is needed to evaluate outcomes and processes to improve future adaptation efforts.
Bulk Handling Facility Modeling and Simulation for Safeguards Analysis

The Separation and Safeguards Performance Model (SSPM) uses MATLAB/Simulink to provide a tool for safeguards analysis of bulk handling nuclear processing facilities. Models of aqueous and electrochemical reprocessing, enrichment, fuel fabrication, and molten salt reactor facilities have been developed to date. These models are used for designing the overall safeguards system, examining new safeguards approaches, virtually testing new measurement instrumentation, and analyzing diversion scenarios. The key metrics generated by the models include overall measurement uncertainty and detection probability for various material diversion or facility misuse scenarios. Safeguards modeling allows for rapid and cost-effective analysis for Safeguards by Design. The models are currently being used to explore alternative safeguards approaches, including more reliance on process monitoring data to reduce the need for destructive analysis that adds considerable burden to international safeguards. Machine learning techniques are being applied, but these techniques need large amounts of data for training and testing the algorithms. The SSPM can provide that training data. This paper will describe the SSPM and its use for applying both traditional nuclear material accountancy and newer machine learning options.
Comparison of long-term outcomes of primary and redo IPAA for patients with Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) patients after ileal anal pouch anastomosis (IPAA) are subject to CD recurrence, septic complications, and pouch failure. The aim of this study was to compare long-term outcomes of index and redo IPAA for CD. Patients who underwent index and redo IPAA with a diagnosis of CD colitis were identified from a prospectively maintained IPAA database. Charts were reviewed to determine complications and pouch failure rates after index and redo IPAA. Long-term pouch survival and quality of life (QoL) were compared between index and redo IPAAs. There were 305 patients, 253 with an index IPAA and 52 having a redo IPAA. Their median ages were 33 years (index IPAA) and 32 years (redo IPAA) (p = 0.91); there were 47% and 53% men in each group, respectively (p = 0.54). Pouch salvage with redo IPAA was possible in 75% of redo pouches. Biologic agents were given in 8% of index IPAA and 34% redo IPAA patients (p < 0.01). Cumulative Kaplan Meier 5-year pouch survival was 80% vs. 60% in index and redo IPAA (p < 0.0001), at 10 years 74% vs. 38%, respectively (p < 0.0001). When queried, 78% who underwent redo pouch surgery would have it again and 86% would recommend this surgery to others. IPAA can be offered to selected patients with isolated colonic CD. Failure in this group of patients is related mainly to recurrent CD, not surgical complications. Redo IPAA is a realistic option for salvage in certain patients with failed index IPAA.