cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Vasculogenic Erectile Impotence using Penile Duplex Ultrasonography

A total of 140 patients underwent penile vascular evaluation with intracavernous papaverine injection combined with duplex ultrasonography. Of these patients 8 were potent men who were evaluated for reasons other than erectile failure. These potent men were used as controls to obtain normal values. The remaining 132 patients had erectile impotence of various etiologies. Real-time imaging with high resolution, high frequency probes allowed for visualization of the cavernous arteries along the entire length in addition to accurate measurement of the diameter. Simultaneous selectively focused Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the blood velocity and other vascular parameters in the cavernous and dorsal arteries. Comparison of measurements before and after papaverine injection allowed for objective interpretation of the injection results. The results were analyzed and compared to other data available on the same patients, such as history and physical examination, nocturnal penile tumescence, penile blood pressures, selective arteriography and dynamic cavernosography. In addition to the 8 potent men, there were 35 patients (27% of the impotent patients) whose vascular findings were normal. A total of 78 patients (59% of the impotent patients) had arterial insufficiency; a subgroup of 13 patients had the pelvic arterial steal syndrome. Dynamic cavernosography confirmed venous leak in all 19 patients (14% of the impotent patients) whose penile duplex ultrasonography suggested the possibility of a venous leak. Ten patients (7%) had prolonged erection after papaverine injection and they were managed without consequences. One patient had a small hematoma that resolved uneventfully. Penile duplex ultrasonography was a helpful and objective method to evaluate vasculogenic impotence.
A Case Report About the Most Common Yet Most Forgotten Hepatitis E

BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of enterically acquired acute viral hepatitis worldwide with major prevalence in the developing countries. An increasing number of sporadic cases of acute HEV infection have also been found in developed countries, but there is still no role for HEV testing in cases of seronegative acute hepatitis in such nonendemic regions. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old male residing in the United States for seven months with a history of malaria treated one year ago presented with fatigue and cholestatic jaundice with very high bilirubin levels. Hepatitis A, B, and C viral serology along with other atypical infections were ruled out. No history of any kind of drug intake was reported. Liver biopsy was obtained and was suggestive of acute hepatitis. Eventually hepatitis E immunoglobulin M was checked and was found positive. The patient was treated with supportive care and improved gradually with normalization of liver function test in a few weeks. CONCLUSIONS Autochthonous HEV infection must be suspected in cases of acute viral hepatitis in developed countries. Timely detection of HEV infection is necessary, especially in immunocompromised patients, in whom treatment is required to eradicate the infection.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of Reading, Spelling, and Math Errors:

Norm-referenced error analysis is useful for understanding individual differences in students’ academic skill development and for identifying areas of skill strength and weakness. The purpose of the present study was to identify underlying connections between error categories across five language and math subtests of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement–Third Edition (KTEA-3) through exploratory factor analyses (EFAs). The EFA results were supportive of models with two or three factors for each of the five subtests. Significant inter-factor correlations within subtests were identified in all subtests, except between two factors within the Math Concepts and Application (MCA) subtest. There was also consistency in the covariance patterns of some error categories across subtests, particularly within the Nonsense Word Decoding (NWD) and Spelling (SP) subtests. This consistency was supportive of the proposed factor structures. The factor structures yielded by these analyses were used as the bases for th...
Failure analysis and damage detection of partially grouted masonry walls by enhancing deformation measurement using DIC

Abstract This study focuses on the deformability and damaging of ungrouted and fully grouted masonry assemblages and a full-scale partially grouted (PG) reinforced masonry wall made of concrete masonry units (CMU). Traditional point-to-point method using strain gages and full-field measurement technique using digital image correlation (DIC) were implemented to investigate the damage and deformability of specimens. All the specimens were constructed in compliance with the provisions of the Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC, 2013) [37] and tested under displacement controlled loading. The DIC method was used to determine non-uniform strain contours on the masonry assemblages. The method was verified by comparing the strains along the selected directions with traditional strain-gage based displacement transducer (TML model) measurements. After verifying the method, it was used to investigate the state of damage and deformability of the wall. It was concluded that full-field measurements using DIC is promising especially when the test specimens experience inelastic deformation and extensive damage. Quantitative mapping of deformation field until the wall capacity is reached was only possible by using DIC. In addition to monitoring the strains across the gage length, the DIC method provided a full-field quantitative strain map of the test specimens to wall capacity and revealed strain hot-spots associated with the maximum strain at crack locations. Characterizing the deformation mechanism and cracking of the PG reinforced masonry wall was performed by determining strain distribution and recognition of cracks corresponding to the wall capacity and strains in higher than 0.3%.
Enhanced Gravitational Wave Science with LISA and gLISA

The geosynchronous Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (gLISA) is a space-based gravitational wave (GW) mission that, for the past five years, has been under joint study at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Stanford University, the National Institute for Space Research (I.N.P.E., Brazil), and Space Systems Loral. With an arm length of 73,000 km, gLISA will display optimal sensitivity over a frequency region that is exactly in between those accessible by LISA and LIGO. Such a GW frequency band is characterized by the presence of a very large ensemble of coalescing black-hole binaries (BHBs) similar to those first observed by LIGO and with masses that are 10 to 100 times the mass of the Sun. gLISA will detect thousands of such signals with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and enhance the LIGO science by measuring with high precision the parameters characterizing such signals (source direction, chirp parameter, time to coalescence, etc.) well before they will enter the LIGO band. This valuable information will improve LIGO's ability to detect these signals and facilitate its study of the merger and ring-down phases not observable by space-based detectors. If flown at the same time as the LISA mission, the two arrays will deliver a joint sensitivity that accounts for the best performance of both missions in their respective parts of the milliHertz band. This simultaneous operation will result in an optimally combined sensitivity curve that is "white" from about 3 × 10−3 Hz to 1 Hz, making the two antennas capable of detecting, with high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), BHBs with masses in the range (10 − 107)M ⊙. Their ability of jointly tracking, with enhanced SNR, signals similar to that observed by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (aLIGO) on September 14, 2015 (the GW150914 event) will result in a larger number of observable small-mass binary black-holes and an improved precision of the parameters characterizing these sources. Together, LISA, gLISA and aLIGO will cover, with good sensitivity, the (10−4 − 103) Hz frequency band.
“Hotspot” Artifacts Produced by a Magnification/I.D. Control Module

We recently discovered an artifact produced by a scintillation camera’s magnification/I.D. control module that appears to be inherent to the design of the unit itself. A “hotspot” artifact was produced when a high activity source was imaged at the edges of the field of view. This artifact can take on different shapes, sizes, and locations and can be very misleading to the unaware clinician. Our discovery was made during a patient procedure and was not detected with routine quality assurance checks.
Marketization strategies and the influence of business on the management of child welfare agencies

Nonprofit organizations frequently face external pressures like marketization and governmentalization as well as internal pressures like normative and value expectations on how they should behavior...
Magnetic and hyperthermia properties of CoxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles synthesized via cation exchange

We demonstrate magnetic and hyperthermia properties of CoxFe3-xO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) nanoparticles synthesized via a simple cation exchange reaction of ∼12 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The substitution of Fe cations with Co2+ ions leads to enhanced magnetocrystalline anisotropy and coercivity of the pristine superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Hyperthermia measurement shows that by controlling the Co content (x = 0 to 0.5) in CoxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles, their specific absorption rate (SAR) can be greatly improved from 132 to 534 W/g. The strong enhancement in SAR value is attributed to the increased anisotropy and coercivity. Moreover, with the increase of ac magnetic field from 184 to 491 Oe, the SAR values of Fe3O4 and Co0.5Fe2.5O4 nanoparticles increase from 81 to 132 W/g and 220 to 534 W/g, respectively.
Importance of Coulomb correlation on the quantum anomalous Hall effect in V-doped topological insulators

The presence of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in a V-doped topological insulator (TI) has not yet been understood from band-structure studies. Here, we demonstrate the importance of including the correlation effect in density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, in the format as simple as the Hubbard $U$, for the determination of the topological properties of these materials. Our results show that the correlation effect turns a V-doped TI thin film into a Mott insulator and facilitates it entering the quantum anomalous Hall phase. Even the ferromagnetic ordering is also strongly affected by the inclusion of the $U$ term. This work satisfactorily explains recent experimental observations and highlights the essentialness of having the Coulomb correlation effect in DFT studies of magnetic TIs.
Neurotransmitter, Metabolite, and Cyclic Nucleotide Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Seizure Patients

Recently, Maynert et al. 102 reviewed the role of neu-rotransmitters in the initiation, spread, and termination of seizures. Abnormalities in water, electrolyte, acid-base, vitamin, and hormone metabolism alter seizure thresholds. In addition, the administration of chemical agents and electrical stimulation of the brain have been shown to modify seizure susceptibility. These manipulations influence neuronal activity, possibly by influencing the synthesis, storage, and release of neurotransmitters. The metabolic activity of these neurotransmitters may in turn be reflected in the degree of accumulation of their respective metabolites.
Convex Receding Horizon Control in Non-Gaussian Belief Space

One of the main challenges in solving partially observable control problems is planning in high-dimensional belief spaces. Essentially, it is necessary to plan in the parameter space of all relevant probability distributions over the state space. The literature has explored different planning technologies including trajectory optimization [8, 6] and roadmap methods [12, 4]. Unfortunately, these methods are hard to use in a receding horizon control context where it is potentially necessary to replan on every time step. Trajectory optimization is not guaranteed to find globally optimal solutions and roadmap methods can have long planning times. This paper identifies a non-trivial instance of the belief space planning problem that is convex and can therefore be solved quickly and optimally even for high dimensional problems. We prove that the resulting control strategy will ultimately reach a goal region in belief space under mild assumptions. Since the space of convex belief space planning problem is somewhat limited, we extend the approach using mixed integer programming. We propose to solve the integer part of the problem in advance so that only convex problems need be solved during receding horizon control.
Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species

Abstract Endoparasitoid wasps in the genus Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are commonly used in the biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) worldwide. During a recent biological control program initiated for management of the pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), by its primary parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi, genomic sequences of the parasitoid were found to be dissimilar with sequences previously published for A. kamali. This discrepancy in the identification of the specimens, which originated in the Imperial Valley, California, USA and Valle de Banderas, Nayarit, Mexico, launched an investigation into the identity of the unknown California/Nayarit population alongside species of the Anagyrus pseudococci complex, in which Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault), Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci, A. kamali, Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard), and Anagyrus kivuensis Compere are informally classified. Morphological evaluation and morphometric analyses provided evidence for the identification of the California/Nayarit population as a new species based on the coloration of the male antennal scape and the ratio of the minimum width of the female frontovertex to the head width. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA regions further supported the definition of this population as a distinct species. Along with this new taxon, herein named Anagyrus callidus Triapitsyn, Andreason & Perring sp. n., A. sp. near pseudococci is described and named Anagyrus vladimiri Triapitsyn sp. n. Phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of the A. pseudococci complex, originally described based on morphological similarity to A. pseudococci and the coloration of the first funicle segment of female antenna, relative to non-complex Anagyrus species. The effectiveness of A. callidus as a biological control agent against the PHM was demonstrated by the parasitoid’s successful establishment and significant reductions of the pest in the Coachella Valley.
Luxury brand dilution: investigating the impact of renting by Millennials on brand equity

Modern forms of product acquisition, such as renting, provide consumers with either first-time or increased access at relatively low cost to products of brands that historically have relied on exclusivity as a part of their strategies. This study seeks to determine how the ability of Millennials to rent exclusive luxury brands affects the values of those brands from the consumer perspective (i.e., brand equity). A one-way (traditional vs. masstige brand offered renting option) between-subjects experimental design was used. Results reveal that the means of the brand credibility and brand leadership dimensions of traditional luxury brand equity were decreased significantly after a renting option was offered. Results further show that the means of the brand association and brand credibility dimensions of masstige brand equity were decreased significantly after a renting option was also offered. Implications and future research directions are addressed.
Solving Complex Quadratic Systems With Full-Rank Random Matrices

We tackle the problem of recovering a complex signal ${\boldsymbol{x}}\in \mathbb{C}^n$ from quadratic measurements of the form $y_i={\boldsymbol{x}}^*{\boldsymbol{A}}_i{\boldsymbol{x}}$ , where ${\boldsymbol{A}}_i$ is a full-rank, complex random measurement matrix whose entries are generated from a rotation-invariant sub-Gaussian distribution. We formulate it as the minimization of a nonconvex loss. This problem is related to the well understood phase retrieval problem where the measurement matrix is a rank-1 positive semidefinite matrix. Here we study the general full-rank case which models a number of key applications such as molecular geometry recovery from distance distributions and compound measurements in phaseless diffractive imaging. Most prior works either address the rank-1 case or focus on real measurements. The several papers that address the full-rank complex case adopt the computationally-demanding semidefinite relaxation approach. In this paper we prove that the general class of problems with rotation-invariant sub-Gaussian measurement models can be efficiently solved with high probability via the standard framework comprising a spectral initialization followed by iterative Wirtinger flow updates on a nonconvex loss. Numerical experiments on simulated data corroborate our theoretical analysis.
Quantitation of Femtomolar‐Level Protein Biomarkers Using a Simple Microbubbling Digital Assay and Bright‐Field Smartphone Imaging

Quantitating ultra-low concentrations of protein biomarkers is critical for early disease diagnosis and treatment. However, most current point-of-care (POC) assays are limited in sensitivity. Herein, we introduce an ultra-sensitive and facile microbubbling assay for the quantification of protein biomarkers with a digital-readout method that requires only a smartphone camera. We used machine learning to develop a smartphone application for automated image analysis to facilitate accurate and robust counting. Using this method, post-prostatectomy surveillance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) can be achieved with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.1 fm (0.060 pg mL-1 ), and early pregnancy detection using βhCG can be achieved with a of 0.034 mIU mL-1 (2.84 pg mL-1 ). This work provides the proof-of-principle of the microbubbling assay with a digital readout as an ultra-sensitive technology with minimal requirement for power and accessories, facilitating future POC applications.
Probabilistic Blockchains: A Blockchain Paradigm for Collaborative Decision-Making

A blockchain provides a securedparadigm to achieve consensus using a distributed and peer-to-peer network in which no trusted central party is required. As a result, it has the potential to resolve many challenges that are faced with current centralized controllers in globally distributed applications. To date, the blockchain technology has been used for recording transactions and tracking objects in which multiple participants reach a consensus on whether a transaction is valid or not. This paper introduces the novel paradigm of probabilistic blockchains, an extension of the current blockchains that allows building efficient and distributed risk assessment and decision-making applications in which multiple untrusting parties collaborate but may not completely agree on the outcome. The paradigm is particularly useful for risk assessment, where a group of decision-makersneeds to decide or analyze an event based on imperfect information. The proposed approach can be used in applications like intrusion detections, stock market predictions, insurance, and recommendation systems. The paper presents and analyzes the application of probabilistic blockchains for intrusion detection systems for computer networks. The results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed paradigm in making such decisions.
A retrospective study on the impact of telemedicine on the quality of newborn resuscitation

Purpose: While regionalization of neonatal care has improved health outcomes for infants with anticipated need for specialized care, disparities in morbidity and mortality exist when high-risk deliveries occur unexpectedly at local community hospitals. We hypothesized that synchronous video telemedicine consults provided by neonatologists would significantly improve the quality of delivery room care for high-risk newborns who require resuscitation in a community hospital. Methods: We studied 47 neonates born between March 2013 and July 2016 who received a telemedicine consult during their initial resuscitation at a community hospital and were subsequently admitted to our …
A poroelastic numerical model for simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation: Application to Upper Safa formation-Western Desert-Egypt

Abstract The hydraulic fracturing in tight sand formations has a significant importance in improving its production potential. In this study, a poroelastic numerical model is presented in order to study the reservoirs and rock mechanical properties that affect the propagation of the hydraulic fracture. The poroelastic model simulate fully coupled fluid flow, pressures and stress changes by using finite element technique. The results show that the formation permeability and fracture toughness are key parameters in the design of hydraulic fracture treatment. A case study applied in Upper Safa formation in a well-located western desert Egypt. The formation is very tight with permeability of 0.1md and the objective here is to optimize the design procedures for hydraulic fracture treatment. The results show that the formation needs to be pumped for about 5 min to produce hydraulic fracture length of 182 ft. In addition, the total pumping time (30 min) is vital to produce the desired total fracture length of 1000 ft.
Day/Night Band Provides Critical and Unique Support Capabilities to Natural Hazards

In the last several years, the new generation of weather satellites, including GOES-16 and NOAA-20, have gone operational, providing higher temporal, spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution data and derived products. In particular, the latest generation of United States polar satellites offer unique sensitivity capabilities. The focus of this discussion is the Day/Night Band (DNB)—a low-light sensor on the Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), that continues to expand the range possibilities for characterizing the nocturnal environment. VIIRS is carried on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program’s Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and NOAA-20 satellites. The DNB allows for both daytime visible imagery as well as the unique ability to detect extremely low-levels of visible and near-infrared light at night ( Miller et al., 2013 ).
Postoperative Pain Management in the Orthopedic Setting

This chapter reviews the general principles of pain pathophysiology, explores the practice of multimodal analgesia, and provides current literature support in favor of using regional anesthesia over general anesthetic and analgesic techniques in orthopedic patients. Additionally, we aim to introduce the reader to newer, motor-sparing peripheral blocks that can be utilized in combination with periarticular injections. Different pain management regimens addressing the most common orthopedic procedures are discussed. The concept of opioid-sparing alternatives is presented in the context of the current opioid epidemic. Finally, this chapter will review the care of challenging pain patients and address the utility of services including those targeted to treat recuperative pain and chronic pain and introduce the role of a transitional pain service.
A framework for hybrid simulation of transportation networks

This paper introduces a new approach to hybrid traffic modelling, along with its implementation in software. The software allows modellers to assign traffic models to individual links in a network....
Ethical loneliness in the psychiatric clinic: The manufacture of non-belonging

Summary Arguing for the importance of the clinical encounter as a site of bioethical inquiry, I focus particularly on persons experiencing severe psychic distress. Acknowledging the historical wrongs that have been done to persons with severe psychic distress, I suggest that the contemporary colonization of psychiatric care by the medical model and by neoliberal values that prioritize accountability, metrics, and cost over personhood are doing a grave disservice to such patients. I draw on the writings of social theorists including Agamben to argue that the treatment of psychiatric sufferers produces a risk of causing patients to experience bare life and relegation to the status of nonpersons. Drawing on Stauffer's concept of ethical loneliness, I illustrate the kind of harm that is done when the institutions that we design to listen to patients and receive suffering fail in that responsibility. In the second half of the paper, I offer two illustrative examples of how an emphasis on attuned listening, relationality, and acknowledgement of the rich familial and cultural context of patients’ lives can allow us to engage in ethical listening that leads to receptivity and potential healing. The first illustration draws on a psychoanalytic understanding of the deep psychic injuries caused by inaugural losses in a person's earliest experience, and the second draws on a case that offers rich texture for understanding the experience of a young man who showed up at an emergency room in Morocco in a state of severe psychic distress.
Dynamical Mean-Field Theory for Strongly Correlated Materials

In this introductory chapter, we briefly summarize the history of physics of strongly correlated systems, probably the most complex class of solids. Namely, we begin with the first experimental results and early theoretical models proposed to explain the unusual properties of these materials. Next, we proceed with early solutions of the Hubbard model, the fundamental model for strongly correlated materials. We complete this chapter with a summary of successes of dynamical mean-field theory, one of the most powerful theoretical methods in the field and the main topic of this book, in explaining different properties of strongly correlated materials when it is used both as a many-body theory and as an ab initio computational tool.
Homelessness and Substance Use Disorders

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are more common among homeless persons, compared to those who are housed. There is bidirectional relationship between these disorders and homelessness, such that at times, SUD can lead to homelessness, and in other cases, homelessness can lead to SUD. In either case, homelessness is associated with more severe substance use, as well as significantly greater risk of multiple medical comorbidities, and poorer health outcomes, including suicide and other causes of mortality. This population can also present with concurrent serious mental illness, prominent trauma history, and/or PTSD. As a result, homeless persons with co-occurring SUD present significant challenges in clinical management. Initial efforts to work with this population will include community outreach and appropriate screening and assessment to identify these concerns early and offer services as soon as possible. Psychosocial interventions form the core of evidence-based treatments. Medications are available for some SUDs, but clinical management may require adaptations for use in homeless. Naloxone may be lifesaving for those with opioid use disorder. Acute hospitalization may be indicated for detoxification, and then intensive interventions, including residential programs, may be necessary post-discharge. The multi-pronged Chronic Care Model (CCM) has been successfully adapted to serving homeless persons with SUD, and can address such issues as stigma and chronicity, and offers an integrated care delivery system, to assure that comprehensive and wrap-around services are offered and made available to best serve this vulnerable population.
The influence of maximizing on personal saving intentions

Abstract Prior work has established that maximizing tendencies influence purchase choice behaviors (e.g., maximizers take longer to browse product assortments and are more likely to choose ‘compromise’ products). By contrast, the present research investigates differences in saving intentions associated with maximizing tendencies. Three studies demonstrate that maximizing increases saving intentions in a variety of scenarios constituting both short- and long-term time horizons. Underlying this effect, maximizing is associated with a greater desire to accumulate money to afford the future purchase of status-enhancing products and services. Supporting this theoretical process, the effect of maximization is attenuated in a scenario where the purpose of saving is for future security, as well as in a scenario where the purpose of saving is for a budget retirement lifestyle. These findings are the first to implicate social comparison motives in driving consumer saving decisions. They also have implications for policymakers and practitioners looking for ways to motivate individuals to save more.
Evidence-based social work outreach to military leaders to facilitate intimate partner violence and child maltreatment identification and referral: an evaluation

The effects of family maltreatment on the military are far-reaching and well documented, with implications that include the deterioration of mission readiness and an increase in distractibility for...
The mammalian sperm surface: studies with specific labeling techniques.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on electron microscope studies of spermatozoa, which include specific information concerning distributions of chemical entities on the sperm or acrosomal surface. Of particular interest are studies relating to some of the dynamic transformations, such ascapacitation, the acrosome reaction, and membrane fusion). Although much attention has been directed to some of these aspects in invertebrate systems; this chapter discusses the findings made on mammalian spermatozoa. Information will continue to accumulate with respect to the constellation of specific chemical sites and receptors on the sperm surface over the next few years. Hopefully, patterns will emerge that will be useful in analyzing the biological activities of spermatozoa throughout their life cycle and that will have some general validity beyond particular species characteristics. Of special interest here are capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and sperm-egg interactions. To pursue these ends and have confidence in our observations, one must utilize more effective procedures for maximizing the particular cellular stages for analysis with fine-structural techniques. Some methods for synchronizing the activities of spermatozoa undergoing various physiological reactions are already available, such as the use of Ca 2+ for triggering the acrosome reaction in vitro.
Frequency reshaped quadratic control of a belt-driven robot

Belt driven robots are desirable for many industrial applications that require a fast response for a relatively large amount of travel in a system. A belt drive is a simple, light weight device that is also cost effective in comparison to other methods of arm positioning. The tradeoff of a belt driven robot is the need for an effective control strategy to reject time-varying disturbances due to the belt stiffness variation and the presence of resonance which could be excited by disturbances of high frequencies. In this paper, we present the dynamic model and control of a low-cost belt-driven robot. We present here the modeling and control of a belt-driven robot developed at Georgia Tech. The belt-driven robot is a low-cost human-level performance robot, specifically meant to meet or exceed the performance of a human taking shrink wrapped packages off of a conveyor and placing them in a basket for delivery. Therefore, such attributes as speed and accuracy are dictated by the level of performance a human can achieve. The control design for the IIBM presents a challenge in that a control system for the belt driven axis must be designed by using a low-order plant model that is robust enough to variations in both the parameter changes and the un-modeled high frequency dynamics. For these reasons, we investigate the use of frequency reshaped linear quadratic (FRLQ) control in the development of a low-cost IIBM, which combines the time domain linear quadratic optimal control design with classical frequency response methods.
A PARTICIPANT IN SOCIAL PROTEST. WHO IS HE AND WHY DOES HE PROTEST? AN ATTEMPT AT ANALYSIS

According to many studies and popular belief, it is a role of the global civil society, with its variety of actors, to act as an opposition to state which breaks all the rules. Taking state’s interests into consideration, lack of any counter-strategy towards growing power of citizens’ opposition can be disastrous. Citizens differ entirely from workers in the 19th century and this is what makes their power of opposition so dangerous for state. Today parliamentary democracy is supplemented by participatory democracy - participation of citizens. The problem lies in the fact that, while discouragement is typical for lower classes of society, the reaction of middle class is outrage and society expresses outrage but does not offer any alternatives. This division of the society into the discouraged and the outraged is very dangerous for democracy. Neither society nor modern democracy can exist without trust. Distrustful societies are a barometer for democracy. When everything goes well they form basis of new movements which consequently change into new ideas and projects. It is very difficult to use the potential of society but it is not impossible. Social protest is an inherent part of democracy but without an attempt to channel it, it is very dangerous.
Methods for image segmentation in cellular tomography.

Publisher Summary The goal for image segmentation involves decomposing an image into its constituent parts. This chapter discusses and illustrates some of the challenges for constructing robust and efficient segmentation methods for cellular tomography. It also discusses approaches for evaluating the usability of segmentation methods and suggests a possible approach for quantifying the accuracy of segmentation algorithms. The chapter includes a review of several existing methods for denoising, contrast enhancement, and segmentation. It is noted that some frequently suggested methods are often impractical for real data sets due to the computational complexity and difficulty in finding appropriate algorithm parameters. The segmentation methods based only on intensity and contrast have problems in detecting thin, elongated structures. Therefore, the chapter proposes the use of geometrical information, such as correlation among orientations, to detect membranes and microtubules. It also outlines a new orientation-based segmentation method and demonstrates this method on real tomograms.
A search for optical counterparts to supersoft X-ray sources in the ROSAT pointed database

We present a progress report of our program to identify optical counterparts of supersoft X-ray sources detected during pointed ROSAT PSPC observartions. We generte a parent sample of ∼4100 supersoft sources by starting with the WGA (White et al. 1994) and ROSAT SRC (Zimmermann 1994) catalogs, extracting X-ray detections on the basis of softness (ROSAT HR1≤−0.5), condensing multiple detections, and combining sources seen in both catalogs. This unwieldy sample is divided into four (occasionally overlapping) subclasses: (1) a flux limited sample (WGA only) encompassing ∼120 square degrees of sky, (2) an all-sky “extremely soft” sample (HR1 ≤ −0.8), (3) an optically bright all-sky sample with candidates V≤14.5, and (4) an all-sky sample near the nuclear burning white dwarf (NBWD) track in the HR1–HR2 plane, as defined with Monte Carlo simulations.
Histogenesis of degenerative processes in the normal mature placenta.

Abstract The umbilical cords and placentas obtained from 50 normal pregnancies have been studied by various histochemical techniques used in previous investigations dealing with degenerative processes in adult vessels. It has been shown that the basic structure of umbilical and placental arteries is different from adult arteries particularly with regard to the paucity or complete absence of elastic elements as well as the state of development of medial muscle. It has been further demonstrated that degenerative processes which occur in the normal term placenta are apparently not on a vascular basis, but rather on the basis of intrinsic connective-tissue changes probably due to hormonal influences. Such degenerative changes should therefore not be considered infarcts, despite certain superficial gross and microscopic resemblances to the latter. A fibrinoid material deposited in progressively increasing amounts within villi appears to constitute the basic process by which such pseudoinfarcts develop.
Kinetics and mechanism of the alkali‐catalysed addition of formaldehyde to dihydroxydiphenyl methanes

The kinetics of the alkali-catalysed addition of formaldehyde to dihydroxydiphenyl methanes (DPMs) has been studied by quantitative paper chromatography. The order of reactivity of the three DPMs is found to be o.p′- > p.p′- > o.o′-DPM. The low reactivity of o.o′-DPM is explained on the basis of formation of a chelate ring in its singly ionised form, resulting in the fixation of the negative charge on the O. Equimolecular quantities of p.p′-DPM and formaldehyde (concentrations 0.04 M) react in presence of NaOH (0.006 M) to give 3-methylol-4.4′-DPM. Under similar conditions o.p′-DPM gave 3-methylol-2.4′-DPM, 5-methylol-2.4′-DPM and 3-methylol-2′.4-DPM and o.o′-DPM gave 3-methylol-2.2′-DPM and 5-methylol-2.2′-DPM. The individual rate of formation of each of the products is determined. These rates are compared with those of other reactions in the phenol-formaldehyde reaction, and their relative importance in the overall reaction is discussed.
Collecting Community-Based Mappings in an Ontology Repository

Several ontology repositories provide access to the growing collection of ontologies on the Semantic Web. Some repositories collect ontologies automatically by crawling the Web; in other repositories, users submit ontologies themselves. In addition to providing search across multiple ontologies, the added value of ontology repositories lies in the metadata that they may contain. This metadata may include information provided by ontology authors, such as ontologies' scope and intended use; feedback provided by users such as their experiences in using the ontologies or reviews of the content; and mapping metadata that relates concepts from different ontologies. In this paper, we focus on the ontology-mapping metadata and on community-based method to collect ontology mappings. More specifically, we develop a model for representing mappings collected from the user community and the metadata associated with the mapping. We use the model to bring together more than 30,000 mappings from 7 sources. We also validate the model by extending BioPortal---a repository of biomedical ontologies that we have developed--to enable users to create single concept-to-concept mappings in its graphical user interface, to upload and download mappings created with other tools, to comment on the mappings and to discuss them, and to visualize the mappings and the corresponding metadata.
Effects of heat treatment on the surface carrier density in p-type CdTe

The authors investigate the mechanism by which the carrier density of p-CdTe:P in solar cells decreases due to heat treatment. By successive etching of a heat-treated sample, a carrier-density profile resulting from carrier loss near the surface was found to be a real effect. Experiments with varying cadmium and phosphorous vapor pressures are presented which indicate that compensation occurs through the formation of P/sub Cd/ antisite donors. Observations of the reverse reaction by annealing a sample of p-CdTe:P with CdTe powder after first annealing in vacuum shows that it does occur but at a much slower rate than the formation of the P/sub Cd/ defects. >
Accelerated Online Low Rank Tensor Learning for Multivariate Spatiotemporal Streams

Low-rank tensor learning has many applications in machine learning. A series of batch learning algorithms have achieved great successes. However, in many emerging applications, such as climate data analysis, we are confronted with largescale tensor streams, which pose significant challenges to existing solutions. In this paper, we propose an accelerated online low-rank tensor learning algorithm (ALTO) to solve the problem. At each iteration, we project the current tensor to a low-dimensional tensor, using the information of the previous low-rank tensor, in order to perform efficient tensor decomposition, and then recover the low-rank approximation of the current tensor. By randomly selecting additional subspaces, we successfully overcome the issue of local optima at an extremely low computational cost. We evaluate our method on two tasks in online multivariate spatio-temporal analysis: online forecasting and multi-model ensemble. Experiment results show that our method achieves comparable predictive accuracy with significant speed-up.
The effects of He I λ10830 on helium abundance determinations

Observations of helium and hydrogen emission lines from metal-poor extragalactic H II regions, combined with estimates of metallicity, provide an independent method for determining the primordial helium abundance, Yp. Traditionally, the emission lines employed are in the visible wavelength range, and the number of suitable lines is limited. Furthermore, when using these lines, large systematic uncertainties in helium abundance determinations arise due to the degeneracy of physical parameters, such as temperature and density. Recently, Izotov, Thuan, & Guseva (2014) have pioneered adding the He I λ10830 infrared emission line in helium abundance determinations. The strong electron density dependence of He I λ10830 makes it ideal for better constraining density, potentially breaking the degeneracy with temperature. We revisit our analysis of the dataset published by Izotov, Thuan, & Stasianska (2007) and incorporate the newly available observations of He I λ10830 by scaling them using the observed-to-theoretical Paschen-gamma ratio. The solutions are better constrained, in particular for electron density, temperature, and the neutral hydrogen fraction, improving the model fit to data, with the result that more spectra now pass screening for quality and reliability, in addition to a standard 95% confidence level cut. Furthermore, the addition of He I λ10830 decreases the uncertainty on the helium abundance for all galaxies, with reductions in the uncertainty ranging from 10–80%. Overall, we find a reduction in the uncertainty on Yp by over 50%. From a regression to zero metallicity, we determine Yp = 0.2449 ± 0.0040, consistent with the BBN result, Yp = 0.2470 ± 0.0002, based on the Planck determination of the baryon density. The dramatic improvement in the uncertainty from incorporating He I λ10830 strongly supports the case for simultaneous (thus not requiring scaling) observations of visible and infrared helium emission line spectra.
Latent profile analyses of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed soldiers

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD; Kessler et al., 1995) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; Brown et al., 2001). We aimed to (1) assess discrete patterns of post-trauma PTSD-depression-GAD symptoms using latent profile analyses (LPAs), and (2) assess covariates (gender, income, education, age) in defining the best fitting class solution. The PTSD Checklist (assessing PTSD symptoms), GAD-7 scale (assessing GAD symptoms), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (assessing depression) were administered to 1266 trauma-exposed Ohio National Guard soldiers. Results indicated three discrete subgroups based on symptom patterns with mild (class 1), moderate (class 2) and severe (class 3) levels of symptomatology. Classes differed in symptom severity rather than symptom type. Income and education significantly predicted class 1 versus class 3 membership, and class 2 versus class 3. In conclusion, there is heterogeneity regarding severity of PTSD-depression-GAD symptomatology among trauma-exposed soldiers, with income and education predictive of class membership.
The private profitability of horizontal mergers with non-Cournot and Maverick behavior

Abstract This paper analyzes the profitability and output consequences of mergers as a function of the degree of competition that characterizes the industry, holding cost effects aside. The model implies that mergers are more likely to be profitable in relatively competitive environments, since in industries that are already cooperating, mergers add less to the profits that firms are otherwise achieving. Multifirm mergers, mergers that absorb firms with particularly rivalrous conjectural variations, and mergers that absorb firms that restrain the conjectural variations of other industry members are also likely to be profit-enhancing. The latter results support policy concern with maverick firms.
Soybean Meal or Starea for Microbial Protein Synthesis or Milk Production with Rations Above Thirteen Percent Natural Protein

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that microbial protein cannot be synthesized from urea if it is added to rations that contain 13% crude protein. We used a 6-h in vitro fermentation and rations containing from 13 to 30% crude protein. All rations contained brome hay, sorghum grain, and soybean meal or Starea. With Starea, microbial protein increased steadily as the crude protein content of the substrates increased from 17 to 30%. Maximum microbial protein was produced when ammonia nitrogen of the rumen was 76mg per 100ml. The sample of soybean meal was not fermented readily in vitro. Adding cooked grain to soybean meal equal to that in Starea improved protein synthesis in rations containing soybean meal. In two lactation studies with 50 Holstein cows, a cross-over experimental design was used to test two rations that contained 13% crude protein (all natural) or 16.5% crude protein (3.5 percentage points crude protein form Starea). In both trials! milk and milk protein production were higher by cows receiving the ration with high protein. Lactating cows can use urea in the form of Starea in rations that already contain 13% natural protein.
Disseminated Mucormycosis Due to Saksenaea vasiformis in an Immunocompetent Adult

A case of disseminated infection due to Saksenaea vasiformis in a previously well adult male is presented. The clinical presentation was that of septic shock with a distinctive rash. At postmortem, endocarditis and widespread dissemination were evident.
Application of MesoHABSIM and target fish community approaches to restoration of the Quinebaug River, Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA

The study of the Quinebaug River in Massachusetts and Connecticut, USA was the first application of the Target Fish Community (TFC) and Mesohabitat simulation (MesoHABSIM) approaches to determine a river's biophysical conditions, habitat deficits and potential improvement measures. These approaches were created in concert with assessment of hydromorphology, fish and invertebrate fauna composition, as well as hydrology and water temperature. This paper presents how both approaches created a framework for comprehensive and quantitative analysis of human-induced alterations and helped to identify a list of effective restoration measures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.