cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
J. David Bleich: An Intellectual Portrait

J. David Bleich is an extraordinary interdisciplinary scholar who has made enormously significant theoretical and practical contributions to a variety of fields. He would undoubtedly describe himself primarily as a halakhist, a master of Jewish law, and he displays this expertise in a plethora of powerful, probing, panoptic analyses of diverse topics. Indeed, he is responsible for innovating a new genre of academic literature: truly outstanding Jewish law scholarship produced in the English language. Nevertheless, his training in philosophy coupled with his ardent commitment to traditional Jewish values have enabled him to address public policies concerns – particularly those involving family law and bioethics – in ways that resonate far beyond the Jewish community. In a tome devoted to Bleich role as one of the great Jewish philosophers of the twentieth century, this essay undertakes two tasks. First, it identifies the principal influences that have informed Bleich’s intellectual development. Second, it describes many of his fundamental philosophical perspectives and explains the roles they have played, and the ways in which they have been expressed, in his rich scholarly contributions.
Effect of Irradiation on Carbide Evolution in a Pure Fe-2¼Cr-1Mo Ferritic Alloy

Ion irradiation was observed to accelerate the kinetics of the carbide evolution in a ''pure'' Fe-2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel. The type and structure of the phases were unchanged by irradiation compared to thermal annealing. The transformation kinetics of Fe/sub 3/C to M/sub 7/C/sub 3/ and the independent nucleation of MO/sub 2/C were both enhanced by the ion irradiation. The observed irradiation enhancement of the kinetics however did not follow a predicted trend based on a simple radiation enhanced diffusion model. There is no obvious explanation for this discrepancy except that mechanisms in addition to enhanced diffusion influence the complex transformation process.
A New Approach To Checking Sequence Generation for Finite State Machines

A formal model for generating checking sequences for finite state machines is proposed. The model is based on the machine identification problem, which deals with determining the internals of an unknown machine by performing experiments on it. This approach provides a formal framework which can be used to reason about properties of checking sequences in general. Based on this model, a new method called the U γ - methodemploying UIO sequences is developed. The method assumes that the specification machine possesses a compound distinguishing sequence. The U γ -method does not rely on the existence of the reset feature, and constructs checking sequences that can identify all faults of an implementation provided that the implementation has the same number of states as the specification. Empirical results are given to compare the U γ -method with existing methods. These results show that the U γ -method generates shorter checking sequences than existing U-methods for most cases.
Clinical relevance of inhibitors of crystal formation

Inhibitors of crystal formation are ubiquitous throughout nature and appear to have a biological role where crystal formation may occur (1). Listen in Table I are some of the substances present in man that can inhibit crystal formation. It is thought that these inhibitors act at the surface of the crystal interfering with the multiple stages of crystal formation including nucleation, aggregation, growth, phase transformation, disaggregation, and dissolution (2). Various inhibitors present in urine may influence these stages of crystal formation to different degrees (3). For instance, chrondroitin sulfate is a more potent inhibitor of aggregation than growth. When one considers the multiple stages of crystal formation it is easy to see why many assays have been developed to quantitate these inhibitory activities. To further complicate this problem, dilution of urine has been necessary in most assay systems which may alter the potency of inhibitors and their relative effect when present as mixtures (4). Keeping in mind these specific problems and limitations, I would like to review or experience with inhibitors of crystal formation in urine from patients with urinary calculi. In reviewing these data, areas where study of urinary inhibitors have been helpful will be identified. To date, the study of inhibitors of crystal formation in urine has been confined almost exclusively to the calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate crystal systems. Outlined in Table 2 are a list of the major inhibitors for these systems along with a concentration of the inhibitor required to cause 50% inhibition in the standard seeded crystal growth systems (5–7).
Transmitter pre-distortion for simultaneous improvements in bit-rate, sensitivity, jitter, and power efficiency in 20 Gb/s CMOS-driven VCSEL links

Transmitter equalization enables dramatic improvements in total link performance: > 6 dB in sensitivity, 3X in timing margin, and 2X in power efficiency at 15 Gb/s, and a record 5.7 pJ/bit at 20 Gb/s.
Colloidal Films That Mimic Cilia

Cilia are wavy hair-like structures that extend outward from surfaces of various organisms. They are classified into two general categories, primary cilia, which exhibit sensing attributes, and motile cilia, which exert mechanical forces. A new poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl acrylate-co-N,N-(dimethylamino) azobenzene acrylamide) (p(DMAEMA/nBA/ DMAAZOAm) copolymer is prepared using colloidal synthesis, which, upon coalescence, form films capable of generating surfaces with cilia-like features. While film morphological features allow the formation of wavy whiskers, the chemical composition ofthe copolymer facilitates chemical, thermal, and electromagnetic responses manifested by simultaneous shape and color changes as well as excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence. These studies demonstrate that synthetically produced polymeric films can exhibit combined thermal, chemical, and electromagnetic sensing leading to locomotive and color responses, which may find numerous applications in sensing devices, intelligent actuators, defensive mechanisms, and others.
The Amazing Case of the Mobile Chest Tumor

"From the Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Marshfield Clinic and Marshfield Clinic Foundation for Medical Research and Education, Marshfield, Wis. Reprint requests: Dr. Sautter, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wis. 54449 asymptomatic white man. Figures 1 and 2 were PA and lateral teleroentgenograms on admission. F igure 3 is another PA view of a few days later. F igure 4 was obtained after diagnostic pneumothorax. T h e arrows outline an intrathoracic mass.
On the colligative nature of the specific refractive increment for statistical copolymers

The specific refractive increment for statistical copolymers is shown to be colligative in nature for copolymers of styrene–methyl methacrylate thus giving direct evidence to support the assumption of Stockmayer et al. on the theory for light scattering in copolymers. The determination of the mole fraction of mer composition in copolymers by specific refractive increment measurements is shown to be a useful technique and nearly as precise as chemical analysis for carbon. The technique is restricted to soluble systems and is limited by the resolution of the measuring instrument.
EUVL resist-based aberration metrology

Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) at 13.5 nm is currently the most promising technology for advanced integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing nodes. Since the wavelength for EUVL is an order of magnitude smaller than current optical lithography systems (193 nm), wavelength scaled tolerances on lens manufacturing must be tightened to avoid image distortion and contrast loss as these scale with wavelength. Therefore understanding the aberrations of an EUVL system both in idle and production conditions is paramount. This study aims to assess a photoresist based technique for capturing pupil information of EUVL systems that can be implemented during full system use. Several data sets have been collected on an ASML EUV Alpha-Demo Tool (ADT) using the latest Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE) baseline resist Shin-Etsu SEVR139. Various one-dimensional and two-dimensional binary structures were imaged and used for pupil extraction in conjunction with computational modeling and simulations. Results show a stable extracted aberration signature over several measurements. Results also show that the method is sensitive to sub-nm levels of aberration change.
Characterization of electron flow in negative- and positive-polarity linear-induction accelerators

The operation of the linear-induction accelerators HELIA and Hermes III was studied in both negative and positive polarities. The experiments in positive polarity have provided a unique opportunity to explore the consequences of multiple-cathode electron emission in magnetically insulated transmission lines. It is maintained that an examination of the total energy-canonical momentum distribution of the electrons explains the features of the magnetically insulated flow exhibited by these systems. Simple analysis based on the basic concept of pressure balance, in conjunction with particle-in-cell numerical simulations, shows how the line voltage is related to the anode and cathode currents. Two flow designations are introduced that can apply to multiple-cathode, magnetically insulated transmission lines: full-gap flow (FGF) and locally emitted flow (LEF). >
Curcumin inhibits herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity

Curcumin, a phenolic compound from the curry spice turmeric, exhibits a wide range of activities in eukaryotic cells, including antiviral effects that are at present incompletely characterized. Curcumin is known to inhibit the histone acetyltransferase activity of the transcriptional coactivator proteins p300 and CBP, which are recruited to the immediate early (IE) gene promoters of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by the viral transactivator protein VP16. We tested the hypothesis that curcumin, by inhibiting these coactivators, would block viral infection and gene expression. In cell culture assays, curcumin significantly decreased HSV-1 infectivity and IE gene expression. Entry of viral DNA to the host cell nucleus and binding of VP16 to IE gene promoters was not affected by curcumin, but recruitment of RNA polymerase II to those promoters was significantly diminished. However, these effects were observed using lower curcumin concentrations than those required to substantially inhibit global H3 acetylation. No changes were observed in histone H3 occupancy or acetylation at viral IE gene promoters. Furthermore, p300 and CBP recruitment to IE gene promoters was not affected by the presence of curcumin. Finally, disruption of p300 expression using a short hairpin RNA did not affect viral IE gene expression. These results suggest that curcumin affects VP16-mediated recruitment of RNA polymerase II to IE gene promoters by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity.
Concurrent choroidal melanoma in son and father

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the concurrent occurrence of choroidal melanoma in a son and father. METHODS: Case reports. The likelihood of familial occurrence of uveal melanoma in which father and son are affected was estimated using the principles of probability. RESULTS: Unilateral choroidal melanoma was diagnosed in a 41-year-old man. Three months later, his 68-year-old father presented with a pigmented choroidal mass that greatly increased in size during the next 6 months and was diagnosed a choroidal melanoma. No personal or family history of atypical moles, cutaneous melanoma, or other malignancy existed. The likelihood of familial occurrence of uveal melanoma using principles of probability was estimated to be 1 in 10 million. CONCLUSION: Considering the low prevalence of uveal melanoma in the general population, the likelihood of uveal melanoma occurring in a family setting is remote.
Tutorial on III-Nitride solid state lighting and smart lighting

The paper presents the physics, materials, and devices for high-efficiency III-Nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) applicable for illumination and smart lighting. The fundamental concepts and breakthroughs for addressing the limitations in III-Nitride LEDs will be presented, and the future directions in laser based solid state lighting and smart lighting will also be reviewed.
Looming vulnerability to spreading contamination in subclinical OCD.

The present study examined the hypothesis, stimulated by the looming vulnerability model of anxiety (Riskind, in press, Behaviour Research and Therapy), that subclinical OCD is associated with a subjective sense of looming vulnerability. One-hundred and four undergraduates rated vignettes of common, everday situations involving exposure to possible dirt, germs, or contamination. Participants in a subclinical obsessional group had a far higher sense of looming vulnerability to spreading contamination than did those in a control group. Results verified that the subjective sense of looming vulnerability still had separate, distinct and significant contributions to fear-of-contamination symptoms, with the effects of cognitive appraisals of other aspects of threat (such as probability of harm, or lack of control) removed. In contrast, these other cognitive appraisals had no significant associations with symptoms that proved to be independent of the subjective sense of looming vulnerability. A path analysis further explored the dependency of these other cognitive appraisals on looming vulnerability. This analysis found that part of the effects of the subjective sense of looming vulnerability on fears may be indirect and mediated via correlated effects of other cognitive appraisals.
Children’s Executive Function and High-Calorie, Low-Nutrient Food Intake Mediating Effects of Child-Perceived Adult Fast Food Intake

Objective. This study tested the relationships among child executive function (EF), child-perceived parent fast food intake, and child self-reported subsequent consumption of high-calorie, low-nutrient (HCLN) food. Design. One year and 6-month longitudinal observation from a larger randomized controlled trial. Setting. Southern California elementary schools. Participants. Fourth- and fifth-grade children (N = 1,005) participating in the Pathways to Health obesity prevention program. Results. Child EF problems were associated with higher concurrent HCLN intake (B = 0.29, SE = 0.10, p < .001) and had a significant indirect effect through higher perceived frequency of parent fast food intake (indirect effect = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.11, 0.25], p < .001). Longitudinally, child EF problems did not significantly predict higher HCLN intake a year and a half later (B = 0.01, SE = 0.10, p = .92, n = 848) but did have a significant indirect effect through higher perceived parent fast food intake (i...
Multiple bifurcation problems for chemical reactors

Abstract This paper presents a mathematical strategy for exploring the dynamical behavior of chemical reactors. Our intent is to stimulate further development of the mathematics with which we approach these problems as well as to illustrate how it can be usefully applied to models of chemical reactors. In the process of accomplishing this task, we extend and correct published work on the models we consider. At the same time, we point to the mathematical problems which arise. Many of the results presented rely upon computer studies that hopefully will be surplanted by rigorous arguments in the future.
Contralateral metachronous inguinal hernias in adults: role for prophylaxis during the TEP repair.

Contralateral exploration during laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal herniorrhaphy allows for the repair of incidentally found hernias. Nonetheless, some patients with a negative contralateral exploration subsequently develop a symptomatic hernia on that side. We pondered the incidence of contralateral metachronous hernia development and whether prophylactic “repair” in these circumstances would be beneficial. A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent laparoscopic TEP exploration at our institution was performed. Demographic, operative and follow-up information was obtained through medical record review, physical examination and telephone/mailed survey. From 1995 to 2009, a total of 1,479 inguinal herniorrhaphies on 976 patients were performed by a single staff surgeon. Bilateral exploration was completed in 923 (95%) of these patients, of whom bilateral repair was performed on 503 (55%). The study cohort comprises the 409 (42%) patients having a unilateral repair with a negative contralateral exploration and no previous contralateral hernia repair (n = 11). With a median follow-up of 5.9 years (range 0–14), 33 (8.1%) hernias developed on the previously “healthy” side, yielding incidence rates at 1, 5 and 10 years of 1.6, 5.9 and 11.8%, respectively. The median time to hernia development was 3.7 years (range 0.1–12.4). Of the 30 inguinal hernias that have been repaired, 25 (83%), 3 (10%) and 2 (7%) were of indirect, direct and pantaloon types, respectively. When considering prophylactic repair during TEP explorations, a yearly risk of 1.2% of developing a contralateral hernia after negative exploration needs to be balanced against the low but potential risk of groin pain following prophylactic repair.
Te doping of GaAs and AlxGa1−xAs using diethyltellurium in low pressure OMVPE

The incorporation of Te in AlxGa1−xAs grown by low pressure OMVPE using diethyltellurium (DETe) has been studied as a function of Al composition (X = 0−0.4), vapor phase V/III ratio, doping level (i.e., DETe vapor mole fraction), and growth temperature Ts. Variable temperature Hall effect measurements (T = 20−400K) have shown that, for a given alloy composition XAl' the “donor activation energy”, (i.e., the slope of log (1eRH) versus 1T) is smaller in Te doped AlxGa1−xAs than in Si doped AlGaAs (e.g., 18 versus 60 meV for XAl = 0.3). A maximum 300 K carrier concentration of n = 1×1019 cm−3 was obtained in Te-doped GaAs. The 300 K carrier concentration n300 in Te doped GaAs decreased with increasing vapor phase V/III ratio (e.g., n = 5.0×1017 cm−3 at a V/III ratio of 20 compared with n = 1.5×1017 cm−3 at a V/III ratio of 120). The value of itnin300 also decreased with increasing growth temperature (e.g., n300 = 2.3×1018 cm−3 at Ts = 600°C and n300 = 8×1016cm−3 at Ts = 750°C). Trends in the Hall mobility, photoluminescence efficiency at 300 K, and surface morphology are presented, and the Te doping “memory effect” will be discussed.
Solvent immersion imprint lithography

We present Solvent Immersion Imprint Lithography (SIIL), a technique for polymer functionalization and microsystem prototyping. SIIL is based on polymer immersion in commonly available solvents. This was experimentally and computationally analyzed, uniquely enabling two practical aspects. The first is imprinting and bonding deep features that span the 1 to 100 μm range, which are unattainable with existing solvent-based methods. The second is a functionalization scheme characterized by a well-controlled, 3D distribution of chemical moieties. SIIL is validated by developing microfluidics with embedded 3D oxygen sensors and microbioreactors for quantitative metabolic studies of a thermophile anaerobe microbial culture. Polystyrene (PS) was employed in the aforementioned applications; however all soluble polymers – including inorganic ones – can be employed with SIIL under no instrumentation requirements and typical processing times of less than two minutes.
A multiinstitutional study of the effects of medical therapy for lower urinary symptoms on the perioperative outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Objective The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of 5ARI and other benign prostatic hyperplasia medical therapies on the perioperative outcomes after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). During HoLEP, the identification of the planes between the transitional and peripheral zones of the prostate is paramount to the success of the procedure. It has been proposed that delineating the prostate capsule may be more difficult after the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI) medications. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent HoLEP was performed. Patients were stratified according to their preoperative medication usage. Patient characteristics, pretreatment prostate characteristics and symptom scores, perioperative parameters and complications, and posttreatment symptoms scores were evaluated. Results There were 176 patients analyzed; 52 (29%) were on no medications, 54 (31%) were on an alpha-blocker (AB) alone, 13 (8%) were on a 5ARI alone, and 57 (32%) were on both a 5ARI and an AB. Enucleation rate (resected volume/resection time) was significantly faster in the combination group. The preoperative prostate-specific antigen value was significantly higher in the 5ARI group. A trend in the lower hemoglobin change was seen favoring the 5ARI group, but this did not reach statistical significance. Evaluating the groups based on the use of 5ARIs either alone or in combination vs no 5ARI confirmed that 5ARI was associated with a significantly faster enucleation rate. Conclusion Preoperative 5ARI use does not appear to adversely alter the outcomes during HoLEP.
Spin Arrangement in the Pyrite, Mn Te 2

An inconsistency between M\"ossbauer and neutron-diffraction measurements on Mn${\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$ is resolved. A new generalization of magnetic ordering of the first kind preserves the characteristic neighbor relationships of that scheme and at the same time accounts for the M\"ossbauer results.
Ordering of the excited-state energy levels of various atoms and their isoelectronic ions

In a previous paper, the quantum number k (defined to be n + l) was considered as an energy-ordering quantum number for the excited states of the alkali-metal atoms and the singly ionized alkaline-earth atoms. It was shown that the energy levels of the valence electron in these cases of a single electron outside a core of closed shells are energy ordered according to the values of k and, moreover, within each k group, there is a definite constant sequence of l values for each atom or ion as the electronic energy is increased; this sequence has been called the ''l pattern.'' In the present work, these considerations are extended to 33 additional spectra of atoms and their isoelectronic ions, which possess a single (n/sub 0/s or n/sub 0/p) electron or two electrons ((n/sub 0/s)/sup 2/) outside of closed shells in their ground states. An additional 852 energy levels are investigated which exhibit k ordering with very few exceptions. In addition, these spectra possess constant l patterns, which are generally independent of k. Thus the statistics in favor of the k ordering and the l patterns now comprise a total of 1155 levels (including the 303 levels previously investigated). Alsomore » discussed are the regions of validity of k ordering and hydrogenic ordering as a function of the atomic number Z and the degree of ionization Z - N.« less
GPU accelerated lattice Boltzmann model for shallow water flow and mass transport

A lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for solving the shallow water equations (SWEs) and the advection–dispersion equation is developed and implemented on graphics processing unit (GPU)-based architectures. A generalized lattice Boltzmann equation (GLBE) with a multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) collision method is used to simulate shallow water flow. A two-relaxation-time (TRT) method with two speed-of-sound techniques is used to solve the advection–dispersion equation. The proposed LBM is implemented to an NVIDIA ® Computing Processor in a single GPU workstation. GPU computing is performed using the Jacket GPU engine for MATLAB ® and CUDA. In the numerical examples, the MRT-LBM model and the TRT-LBM model are verified and show excellent agreement to exact solutions. The MRT outperforms the single-relaxation-time (SRT) collision operator in terms of stability and accuracy when the SRT parameter is close to the stability limit of 0.5. Mass transport with velocity-dependent dispersion in shallow water flow is simulated by combining the MRT-LBM model and the TRT-LBM model. GPU performance with CUDA code shows an order of magnitude higher than MATLAB-Jacket code. Moreover, the GPU parallel performance increases as the grid size increases. The results indicate the promise of the GPU-accelerated LBM for modeling mass transport phenomena in shallow water flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sesquiterpene lactones of artemisia constituents of A. ludoviciana SSP. mexicana

Abstract Five sesquiterpenoid lactones have been isolated from Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. mexicana (Willd.) Keck. These include three new santanolides, ludovicin-A (III), -B (VI) and -C (VIII), and the known douglanine (I). The co-occurrence of these four closely related compounds suggests a realistic sequence of biosynthetic transformations.
Modulatory effects of eicosanoids on mesangial cell growth in response to immune injury

In a rat model of glomerular mesangial cell immune injury induced by a monoclonal antibody (ER4) against the mesangial cell membrane antigen Thy 1.1 and in which mesangial cell proliferation is a prominent feature, we examined the role of arachidonate 5- and 12-lipoxygenation (LO) eicosanoids and of thromboxane (Tx) in modulating the proliferative response. Significant increments in glomerular cell proliferation, assessed by counting glomerular cells positive for the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) in mesangial cell outgrowths from explanted glomeruli, occurred during the mesangioproliferative phase of injury. This event was abrogated in animals depleted of leukocytes or platelets prior to administration of ER4 and in animals pretreated with the arachidonate 5-LO inhibitor MK886. Pretreatment with the Tx synthase inhibitor, Furegrelate, or the arachidonate 12-LO inhibitor, Baicalein, had no effect, indicating that eicosanoids of arachidonate 5-LO but not those of 12-LO or Tx modulate mesangial cell proliferation following immune injury. We further identified those 5-lipoxygenation eicosanoids with growth modulatory effects on cultured mesangial cells. Leukotriene (LT)C4 and D4 but not LTB4 or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) acid enhanced [3H]TdR incorporation in growth-arrested mesangial cells. This effect of LTC4 and LTD4 was abrogated by the specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C, indicating a PKC-dependent mechanism. LTC4 and LTD4 but not 5-HETE or LTB4 also increased mesangial cell mass levels of the endogenous PKC activator diacylglycerol. The observations indicate that leukocyte-derived arachidonate 5-LO eicosanoids modulate mesangial cell proliferation following immune injury. Of these LTC4 and LTD4 are the likely candidates as they promote mesangial cell growth via a PKC-dependent mechanisms.
DSM-5 and Malingering: a Modest Proposal

The DSM criteria for identifying malingering are reviewed and found to be flawed on both conceptual and practical grounds. Alternative models for diagnosing feigned psychiatric, physical, and neuropsychological symptoms are presented. A number of useful features of these systems are highlighted for potential contributions to modified DSM criteria. It is recommended that the present DSM text on malingering be replaced with feigned psychiatric, physical, or neuropsychological symptoms and suggestions for developing criteria for this condition are made.
Recovery in deep dysphasia: Evidence for a relation between auditory–verbal STM capacity and lexical errors in repetition

This study investigates the changes in auditory-verbal short-term memory (AVSTM) and error patterns in repetition observed in a Wernicke's aphasic, NC, over a period of about 2 years following the onset of a left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. When first tested, NC demonstrated deep dysphasia, a disorder characterized by the production of semantic errors in repetition and a severe disability in repeating nonwords. At this stage, his AVSTM span, assessed in a pointing task, was less than one item. As NC recovered somewhat, his performance on AVSTM tasks improved (span increased to two items), and his pattern of error in word repetition changed (fewer semantic errors, more formal paraphasias and neologisms). Other features of his span performance after some recovery resembled patterns associated with STM-based repetition impairments (reduced recency effects and reduced word length effects). In a series of computer simulation and empirical studies, we show that NC's repetition performance can be accounted for by varying two parameters of an interactive activation model of repetition adapted from Dell and O'Seaghdha's (1991) model of production: decay rate and temporal interval. These results provide support for the view that AVSTM performance depends on storage capacities intrinsic to the language processing system. Such a model allows deep dysphasia and STM-based repetition disorders to be seen as quantitative variants of the same underlying disturbance.
Cell cycle inhibition without disruption of neurogenesis is a strategy for treatment of central nervous system diseases

Classically, the cell cycle is regarded as the process leading to cellular proliferation. However, increasing evidence over the last decade supports the notion that neuronal cell cycle re-entry results in post-mitotic death. A mature neuron that re-enters the cell cycle can neither advance to a new G0 quiescent state nor revert to its earlier G0 state. This presents a critical dilemma to the neuron from which death may be an unavoidable but necessary outcome for adult neurons attempting to complete the cell cycle. In contrast, tumor cells that undergo aberrant cell cycle re-entry divide and can survive. Thus, cell cycle inhibition strategies are of interest in cancer treatment but may also represent an important means of protecting neurons. In this review, we put forth the concept of the "expanded cell cycle" and summarize the cell cycle proteins, signal transduction events and mitogenic molecules that can drive a neuron into the cell cycle in various CNS diseases. We also discuss the pharmacological approaches that interfere with the mitogenic pathways and prevent mature neurons from attempting cell cycle re-entry, protecting them from cell death. Lastly, future attempts at blocking the cell cycle to rescue mature neurons from injury should be designed so as to not block normal neurogenesis.
Iron uptake by hepatopancreas brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of the lobster (Homarus americanus)

The uptake of 5 5 Fe 2 + and solubilized 5 5 Fe 3 + into brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the hepatopancreas of the Atlantic lobster (Homarus americanus) was investigated. Non-specific surface binding of 5 5 Fe 2 + at equilibrium to the vesicular surface approximated 57% of total 5 5 Fe 2 + uptake. 5 5 Fe 2 + uptake showed temperature sensitivity and was trans-stimulated by a Ca 2 + gradient (at 5mM) directed out. Equilibrated 5 9 Fe 2 + exchanged for both Cd 2 + and cold Fe 2 + . The data obtained in this study are suggestive that at least a portion of ferrous iron absorption may occur by a divalent exchanger mechanism.
Laryngeal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis

Laryngeal involvement was evaluated in 45 patients with moderately severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA duration and severity, prior laryngeal symptoms, and abnormalities detected by concurrent indirect laryngoscopy (IL) and computerized tomography (CT) were noted and correlated with changes of basilar interstitial fibrosis (BPF) found by chest radiograph. Thirty-two percent had abnormalities detected by IL, 54% had abnormalities by CT, and 36% had BPF on chest radiographs. Comparison of these groups revealed: only two symptoms (sore throat and difficulty during inspiration) were predictive of abnormalities detected by IL; no symptoms predicted abnormalities on CT; IL and CT may show abnormalities in a large percentage of RA patients even in the absence of symptoms; IL tends to detect mucosal and gross functional abnormalities while CT detects structural lesions; BPF shown on chest radiographs in RA patients does not appear to be correlated with cricoarytenoid arthritis as defined by IL and CT.
First bite syndrome: Case report of 3 patients treated with botulinum toxin and review of other treatment modalities

Background First bite syndrome is an unexpected yet relatively common complication of surgeries involving the parapharyngeal space. It can have a significant effect on both the quality of life and physical health of affected patients. This study presents 3 cases of first bite syndrome treated with botulinum toxin and a review of the current literature on available treatment modalities for first bite syndrome. Methods Three patients with first bite syndrome were injected with 75 units of botulinum toxin into affected parotid glands, focusing on areas of greatest first bite pain. Results Two of 3 patients experienced complete relief of symptoms for 4 to 6 months. The third patient had significant decrease in pain at 4-month follow-up. Conclusions Many treatments for first bite syndrome have been attempted including: dietary modification, pharmacological treatments, and surgical treatments. However, few have been successful. Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment for this life altering and difficult to treat first bite syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Blockade by progesterone of estrogen–induced lh and fsh release in the rhesus monkey

The discharges of LH consequent to the administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle were blocked by acute elevations in plasma progesterone (P) concentrations to supraphysiologic levels. This eiTect of P was observed when circulating estrogens and P rose simultaneously or when P was introduced 12 hr after the EB injection. Physiologic plasma P concentrations, achieved either by a functional corpus luteum or by the implantation of P—containing Silastic capsules, also blocked the positive feedback action of estrogen on LH and FSH release. P, however, did not interfere with the negative feedback inhibition of LH and FSH secretion by estrogen. (Endocrinology 92: 1496, 1973)
Patterns of nucleotide catabolism as freshness indicators in flatfish from the Gulf of Alaska.

Hypoxanthine was the major catabolite of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in rock, yellowfin, flathead and Dover soles examined from the Gulf of Alaska. Inosine monophosphate (IMP)/hypoxanthine (Hx) ratios were as effective as K1 values for assessing freshness. In contrast, inosine (HxR) was the end catabolite in rex sole and hypoxanthine was barely detectable. The gradual accumulation of hypoxanthine in rock and yellowfin soles made this catabolite a useful freshness indicator for these species.
The branched actin nucleator Arp2/3 promotes nuclear migrations and cell polarity in the C. elegans zygote

Regulated movements of the nucleus are essential during zygote formation, cell migrations, and differentiation of neurons. The nucleus moves along microtubules (MTs) and is repositioned on F-actin at the cellular cortex. Two families of nuclear envelope proteins, SUN and KASH, link the nucleus to the actin and MT cytoskeletons during nuclear movements. However, the role of actin nucleators in nuclear migration and positioning is poorly understood. We show that the branched actin nucleator, Arp2/3, affects nuclear movements throughout embryonic and larval development in C. elegans, including nuclear migrations in epidermal cells and neuronal precursors. In one-cell embryos the migration of the male pronucleus to meet the female pronucleus after fertilization requires Arp2/3. Loss of Arp2/3 or its activators changes the dynamics of non-muscle myosin, NMY-2, and alters the cortical accumulation of posterior PAR proteins. Reduced establishment of the posterior microtubule cytoskeleton in Arp2/3 mutants correlates with reduced male pronuclear migration. The UNC-84/SUN nuclear envelope protein that links the nucleus to the MT and actin cytoskeleton is known to regulate later nuclear migrations. We show here it also positions the male pronucleus. These studies demonstrate a global role for Arp2/3 in nuclear migrations. In the C. elegans one-cell embryo Arp2/3 promotes the establishment of anterior/posterior polarity and promotes MT growth that propels the anterior migration of the male pronucleus. In contrast with previous studies emphasizing pulling forces on the male pronucleus, we propose that robust MT nucleation pushes the male pronucleus anteriorly to join the female pronucleus.
DNA-malonaldehyde reaction: Formation of fluorescent products

Abstract DNA was reacted with malonaldehyde to form fluorescent products with maximum emission at 460 nm when excited at 390 nm. A new absorption peak at 325 nm was also formed in the course of the reaction between DNA and malonaldehyde. Formation of fluorescent products correlates linearly with loss of DNA template activity.
Mechanical behavior of cast single phase alloys solidified from undercooled melts

Several ingots (0.0254 m in diam × 0.10 m long) of nickel-30 wt pct copper, nickel-10 wt pct cobalt and iron-25 wt pct nickel were solidified with various undercoolings up to about 200 K, prior to nucleation of the solid. The materials were mechanically tested in the ascast condition. In nickel-30 wt pct copper and iron-25 wt pct nickel alloys the 0.2 pct offset yield strength, ductility and fatigue strength increased with undercooling. A linear relationship was established between 0.2 pct offset yield strength and the square root of secondary dendrite arm spacing in dendritic alloys (undercooled less than 170 K) or that of grain diameter in nondendritic alloys (undercooled more than 170 K). In iron-25 wt pct nickel limited testing indicated improvements in Charpy V-notch impact strength and in fracture toughness with undercooling. No improvement of tensile properties with undercooling was observed in nickel-10 wt pct cobalt, an alloy which solidified normally with very low microsegregation.
Effects of dynamic contact angle on liquid infiltration into horizontal capillary tubes: (semi)-analytical solutions.

In a recent paper, we generalized Washburn's analytical solution for capillary flow in a horizontally oriented tube by accounting for a dynamic contact angle. In this paper, we derive solutions for flow in inclined tubes that account for gravity. We again consider two general models for dynamic contact angle: the uncompensated Young force on the contact line depends on the capillary number in the form of (1) a power law with exponent beta, or (2) a polynomial. A dimensional analysis shows that, aside from the parameters for the model for the uncompensated Young force, the problem is defined through four nondimensional parameters: (1) the advancing equilibrium contact angle, (2) the initial contact angle, (3) a Bond number, and (4) nondimensional liquid pressure at the tube inlet relative to the constant gas pressure. For both contact angle models, we derive analytical solutions for the travel time of the gas-liquid interface as a function of interface velocity. The interface position as a function of travel time can be obtained through numerical integration. For the power law and beta=1 (an approximation of Cox's model for dynamic contact angle), we obtain an analytical solution for travel time as a function of interface position, as Washburn did for constant contact angle. Four different flow scenarios may occur: the interface moves (1) upward and approaches the height of capillary rise, (2) downward with the steady-state velocity, (3) downward while approaching the steady-state velocity from an initially higher velocity, or (4) downward while approaching the steady-state velocity from an initially smaller velocity.
Quantifying Salmonella Population Dynamics in Water and Biofilms

Members of the bacterial genus Salmonella are recognized worldwide as major zoonotic pathogens often found to persist in non-enteric environments including heterogeneous aquatic biofilms. In this study, Salmonella isolates that had been detected repeatedly over time in aquatic biofilms at different sites in Spring Lake, San Marcos, Texas, were identified as serovars Give, Thompson, Newport and -:z10:z39. Pathogenicity results from feeding studies with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as host confirmed that these strains were pathogenic, with Salmonella-fed C. elegans dying faster (mean survival time between 3 and 4 days) than controls, i.e., Escherichia coli-fed C. elegans (mean survival time of 9.5 days). Cells of these isolates inoculated into water at a density of up to 106 ml−1 water declined numerically by 3 orders of magnitude within 2 days, reaching the detection limit of our quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based quantification technique (i.e., 103 cells ml−1). Similar patterns were obtained for cells in heterogeneous aquatic biofilms developed on tiles and originally free of Salmonella that were kept in the inoculated water. Cell numbers increased during the first days to more than 107 cells cm−2, and then declined over time. Ten-fold higher cell numbers of Salmonella inoculated into water or into biofilm resulted in similar patterns of population dynamics, though cells in biofilms remained detectable with numbers around 104 cells cm−2 after 4 weeks. Independent of detectability by qPCR, samples of all treatments harbored viable salmonellae that resembled the inoculated isolates after 4 weeks of incubation. These results demonstrate that pathogenic salmonellae were isolated from heterogeneous aquatic biofilms and that they could persist and stay viable in such biofilms in high numbers for some time.
Integrated Reliability Solutions: A Software Tool for Mechanical Reliability of Electronic Components

A software tool, "Integrated Reliability Solutions" (IRS) has been developed, based upon the methodologies that have been applied to solving mechanical reliability problems of electronic components. The tool provides a system approach to reliability modeling. This tool enables significant reductions in design cycle time, warranty costs, and time required for experimentation and accelerated life testing. It also enables robust design and optimized manufacturing processes, and the timely and accurate innovation, evaluation and validation of new technologies.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
A Study of the Feasibility of Steam-Augmented Gas Turbines for Surface Ships

The steam-augmented gas turbine (SAGT) has attracted attention because of its increased fuel efficiency. It yields significant, cost-effective increments of output power, particularly when steam/water injection is increased to levels approaching 50% of air flow. Such high levels of steam/water consumption permit burner operation near stoichiometric combustion ratios with specific powers exceeding 580 hp-sec/lb anticipated.This paper examines steam-augmented gas turbines for their applicability in Navy DDG-class ship environments. SAGT engine concepts exhibit efficiencies approaching the Navy’s intercooled regenerative (ICR) engine, and an impressive compactness that arises from the high specific power of steam.Polished water consumption may be 425,000 gal/day for a 100,000-hp SAGT-engine ship plant. Nevertheless, SAGT engine systems impose little if any negative ship impact even after accounting for water purification systems. Moreover, because of their high specific power, SAGT systems are as affordable, on a first-acquisition-cost basis, as the current gas turbine systems in the fleet, and in the present supply pipeline.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
Response of Penaeus vannamei to Dietary Calcium, Phosphorus and Calcium: Phosphorus Ratio

Two experiments, consisting of 7 d conditioning periods and 33 d feeding trials, were conducted to evaluate the response of juvenile Penaeus vannamei to dietary calcium, phosphorus and the effects of the calcium to phosphorus ratio on growth and tissue mineralization. In both experiments, the main effects, calcium and phosphorus, and their interaction significantly affected growth and survival of the shrimp. In the absence of supplemental calcium, the basal diet containing 0.35% phosphorus was adequate to maintain good growth and survival of shrimp. In the presence of replete phosphorus, supplementation of 1.0 and 2.0% calcium to the diet depressed survival and did not appear to increase the nutritive value of the diet, indicating that a dietary calcium supplement is not required under these conditions. In the presence of 1.0 and 2.0% supplemental calcium, supplementation of 0.5–1.0% phosphorus and 1.0–2.0% phosphorus, respectively, were required to maintain normal growth of the shrimp. At high levels of calcium supplementation, poor growth was observed at the levels of phosphorus supplementation evaluated. Although the calcium and phosphorus content of the hepatopancreas and the carapace responded to dietary supplementation, there was no clear correlation of tissue mineralization to shrimp growth.
Deep vein thrombosis in the disabled pediatric population

The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the disabled pediatric population has rarely been studied. The purpose of our retrospective study was to define the incidence in patients younger than 18 years of age who were in a rehabilitation center. We reviewed the charts of 532 children admitted to the center from 1983 through 1987, and found a 2.2% overall incidence of DVT. The largest group of children under 18 of age with documented or suspected DVT was the group with spinal cord injuries (SCI). There were 87 SCI children, 67 of whom were between the ages of 15 and 18. Of the 67, 7 (10%) had DVT: 1 of the 20 SCI children under age 15 had DVT. There were single cases of DVT documented in children with: meningoencephalitis, arteriovenous malformation, closed head injuries, and Guillian-Barre syndrome. We studied the risk involved in treating DVT with heparin and formulated recommendations based on our findings.
A new description of Alfvén modes

Abstract We give a new description of Alfven modes corresponding to oscillations of individual lines of force and show that a typical spatial scale of these modes is much smaller than a typical plasma spatial scale.
Intermediate Energy Electron Cooling of Antiprotons to Improve the Luminosity of Antiproton-Proton Colliders

In order to improve the luminosity of pp colliders increased antiproton accumulation and decreased antiproton emittance are necessary. We show how the cooling of antiprotons using electrons in the energy range of a few MeV can be used. A high quality electron beam with very large current ( about few amps) is being constructed by the National Electrostatic Corp. of Middleton, Wisconsin. We present some results of the first tests of this device and discuss the applications to electron cooling as well as possible application to a Free Electron Laser.
IT professionals: Maximizing engagement in the rapidly changing business environment

Compared to the general employee population - only half of which is engaged at work [1] - IT employees fare worse. Just 26% report full engagement and 22% outright disengagement [2] with their jobs. Surprisingly, however, IT employee engagement has been largely ignored as a focus of scholarly research. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the relationship between IT workers' engagement and their work environment. Specifically, we sought to explain how organizational environment is affected by the behavioral competencies of IT professionals and their capacity for role breadth. Survey data from 795 IT managers and individual contributors in the United States and Canada revealed two competencies - Achievement Orientation and Influencing Others - powerfully impact environment and that three key features of the environment — vision, compassion and overall positive mood — influence IT professionals' engagement with work.