cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stroke risk after abrupt internal carotid artery sacrifice: accuracy of preoperative assessment with balloon test occlusion and stable xenon-enhanced CT.

PURPOSE To evaluate stable xenon-enhanced CT cerebral blood flow with balloon test occlusion as a predictor of stroke risk in internal carotid artery sacrifice. METHODS Abrupt internal carotid artery occlusion was performed by surgical or endovascular means below the origin of the ophthalmic artery in 31 normotensive patients who were assessed preoperatively by a 15-minute clinical balloon test occlusion followed by an internal carotid artery-occluded xenon CT cerebral blood flow study. RESULTS One patient, who passed the clinical test occlusion but exhibited regions of cerebral blood flow less than 30 mL/100 g per minute on the occlusion xenon CT cerebral blood flow study went on to have a fatal stroke corresponding exactly to the region of reduced blood flow. Thirty patients passed both components of the preoperative stroke-risk assessment. Neuroimaging demonstrated possible flow-related infarctions, which subsequently developed in three patients. Two patients were asymptomatic, and one patient was left with a mild residual hemiparesis. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol provided a statistically significant reduction in subsequent infarction rate and infarction-related death rate when compared with a control group of normotensive abrupt internal carotid artery occlusion patients who did not undergo any preoperative stroke-risk assessment (reported in the literature). The estimated false-negative rate for our preoperative assessment protocol ranged from 3.3% to 10% depending on the assessment of the cause of the three potentially flow-related infarctions. Although life-threatening major vascular territory infarctions have been avoided, our protocol is less sensitive to changes predicting smaller, often minimally symptomatic, vascular border zone infarctions and does not predict postoperative thromboembolic strokes.
Monocarboxylate transporter expression in mouse brain

Although glucose is the major metabolic fuel needed for normal brain function, monocarboxylic acids, i.e., lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies, can also be utilized by the brain as alternative energy substrates. In most mammalian cells, these substrates are transported either into or out of the cell by a family of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), first cloned and sequenced in the hamster. We have recently cloned two MCT isoforms (MCT1 and MCT2) from a mouse kidney cDNA library. Northern blot analysis revealed that MCT1 mRNA is ubiquitous and can be detected in most tissues at a relatively constant level. MCT2 expression is more limited, with high levels of expression confined to testes, kidney, stomach, and liver and lower levels in lung, brain, and epididymal fat. Both MCT1 mRNA and MCT2 mRNA are detected in mouse brain using antisense riboprobes and in situ hybridization. MCT1 mRNA is found throughout the cortex, with higher levels of hybridization in hippocampus and cerebellum. MCT2 mRNA was detected in the same areas, but the pattern of expression was more specific. In addition, MCT1 mRNA, but not MCT2, is localized to the choroid plexus, ependyma, microvessels, and white matter structures such as the corpus callosum. These results suggest a differential expression of the two MCTs at the cellular level.
Differentiation of Mycoplasma agalactiae from other mycoplasmas of sheep and goats.

Abstract Mycoplasma agalactiae strains consistently produced slight acidity in glucose broth and characteristic lytic patterns on solid media containing sheep, horse and chicken blood, enabling them to be differentiated from other mycoplasmas of sheep and goats in Turkey. With these and additional observations on cultural, morphological and serological characteristics, 67 of 128 Mycoplasma strains were shown to be M. agalactiae . A further 58 strains, some isolated from the nose and eyes of healthy sheep and goats and others from animals affected with contagious agalactiae, were sufficiently homogeneous to be classed as another group, type N. The remaining strains for a third group, type C.
The Unintended Negative Consequences of Sympathy for the Stigmatized1

Research on attitudes toward the stigmatized indicates that negative feelings and stereotypes toward the stigmatized are often mixed with positive feelings of sympathy and concern. Three studies investigate the hypothesis that positive outcomes for the stigmatized that are motivated by sympathy may have unintended negative consequences for self-esteem, affect, and motivation. Subjects were asked to imagine themselves in the position of a stigmatized person who received a job either because he or she was qualified, or out of sympathy for a stigmatizing condition. Results indicated that subjects reported lower state self-esteem, more negative affect, and lowered work motivation when the job was offered out of sympathy rather than on the basis of qualifications. Study 2 showed that the negative effects of sympathy occur whether the basis for the sympathy is prejudice and discrimination or mobility problems faced by the stigmatized individual. The third experiment showed that sympathy has negative effects when the sympathy is based either on individual or group-based problems imposed by the stigmatizing condition. The findings are discussed in terms of the attributional ambiguity surrounding positive outcomes faced by the stigmatized and applied to the effects of affirmative-action programs.
Detection of basal cell carcinomas in Mohs excisions with fluorescence confocal mosaicing microscopy

BACKGROUND: High-resolution real-time imaging of human skin is possible with a confocal microscope either in vivo or in freshly excised tissue ex vivo. Nuclear and cellular morphology is observed in thin optical sections, similar to that in conventional histology. Contrast agents such as acridine orange in fluorescence and acetic acid in reflectance have been used in ex vivo imaging to enhance nuclear contrast. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ex vivo real-time imaging with fluorescence confocal mosaicing microscopy, using acridine orange, for the detection of residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in Mohs fresh tissue excisions. METHODS: Forty-eight discarded skin excisions were collected following completion of Mohs surgery, consisting of excisions with and without residual BCC of all major subtypes. The tissue was stained with acridine orange and imaged with a fluorescent confocal mosaicing microscope. Confocal mosaics were matched to the corresponding H&E stained Mohs frozen sections. Each mosaic was divided into subsections, resulting in 149 sub-mosaics for study. Two Mohs surgeons, who were blinded to the cases, independently assessed confocal sub-mosaics and recorded the presence or absence of BCC, location, and histologic subtype(s). Assessment of confocal mosaics was compared to corresponding Mohs surgery maps. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity and specificity of detecting residual BCC was 96.6% and 89.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 92.3% and the negative predictive value 94.7%. Very good correlation was observed between confocal mosaics and matched Mohs frozen sections for benign and malignant skin structures, overall tumor burden and location, and identification of all major histologic subtypes of BCC. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescent confocal mosaicing microscopy using acridine orange enables detection of residual BCC of all subtypes in Mohs fresh tissue excisions with high accuracy. This observation is an important step towards the long-term clinical goal of using a non-invasive imaging modality for potential real-time surgical pathology-at-the-bedside for skin and other tissues.
The combustion of wooden dowels in heated air

A mathematical model is presented for the combustion of small wooden dowels heated externally. The heat transfer is described by the Fourier conduction equation, including a heat-source term, with both convection and radiation at the surface. The decomposition is assumed to follow a first-order Arrhenius equation. Both equations are solved simultaneously, for successive shells of the dowel. After one-half or more of a particular shell is consumed, the energy of activation, velocity constant, and heat of decomposition for that shell are all increased. These increases match a presumed change in the degradation process from a rapid evolution of gaseous products to a slower degradation of the remaining charcoalike substance. Experimental results are presented showing center-temperature, weight-loss, and internal-pressure histories for 3/8-inch dowels, which were inserted into a preheated air furnace whose temperature was held constant in the range of 300° to 650°C. The center temperatures are fairly well predicted except for peak values of the exothermic contribution. The experimental and theoretical weight-loss histories agree quite well for all furnace temperatures. The pressure at the center rises to several psig and then drops suddenly to zero before the center temperature reaches the furnace temperature. While the pressure is dropping, serious structural failures, such as longitudinal channeling and surface cracking, occur.
A BEM based pattern search solution for a class of inverse elastostatic problems

A boundary element based solution, employing the Hooke-Jeeves pattern search method, is developed to determine internal cavity geometries in the inverse elastostatics problem. In contrast to existing methods which employ gradient based solutions, the developed method does not require gradient information, and consequently results in a simpler solution procedure. A boundary difference function (BDF) that provides a guide for the initial guess is introduced. The unknown cavity geometry is first assumed to be circular, and the algorithm is run until the general location of the cavity is determined. Subsequent refinement of the detected cavity geometry is affected using a periodic cubic spline discretization. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the boundary difference function and to demonstrate the successful detection of the cavity. The effects of simulated experimental inputs with prescribed error are also presented.
A comparative study of leucokinin-immunoreactive neurons in insects

Antisera were raised against leucokinin IV, a member of the leucokinin peptide family. Immunohistochemical localization of leucokinin immunoreactivity in the brain of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea revealed neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis and pars lateralis, several bilateral pairs of interneurons in the protocerebrum, and a group of interneurons in the optic lobe. Several immunoreactive interneurons were found in the thoracic ganglia, while the abdominal ganglia contained prominent immunoreactive neurosecretory cells, which projected to the lateral cardiac nerve. The presence of leucokinins in the abdominal nerve cord was confirmed by HPLC combined with ELISA. Leucokinin-immunoreactive neurosecretory cells were also found in the pars intercerebralis of the cricket Acheta domesticus and the mosquito Aedes aegypti, but not in the locust Schistocerca americana or the honey bee Apis mellifera. However, all these species have leucokinin-immunoreactive neurosecretory cells in the abdominal ganglia. The neurohemal organs innervated by abdominal leucokinin-immunoreactive cells were different in each species.
Direct Behavior Rating (DBR): Generalizability and Dependability Across Raters and Observations

Generalizability theory was used to examine the generalizability and dependability of outcomes from two single-item Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) scales: DBR of actively manipulating and DBR of visually distracted. DBR is a behavioral assessment tool with specific instrumentation and procedures that can be used by a variety of service delivery providers (e.g., teacher, teacher aide, parent, etc.) to collect time-series data on student behavior. The purpose of this study was to extend the findings presented by Chafouleas et al. with an examination of DBR outcomes as they are generalized across raters and rating occasions. One hundred twenty-five undergraduates viewed and rated student behavior on video clips while the children engaged in an unsolvable Lego puzzle task. A series of decision studies were used to evaluate the effects of alternate assessment conditions (variable numbers of raters and rating occasions) and interpretive assumptions (definitions of the universe of generalization). Results support ...
CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T-cells in cancer.

Regulatory T-cells (Treg) protect the host from autoimmune disease by suppressing self-reactive immune cells. As such, Treg may also block antitumor immune responses. Recent observations by us and others showed that the prevalence of Treg is increased in cancer patients, particularly in the tumor environment. Our studies in a mouse pancreas cancer model suggest that the tumor actively promotes the accural of Treg through several mechanisms involving activation of naturally occurring Treg as well as conversion of non-Treg into Treg. Our studies focus on further defining these mechanisms with the ultimate goal of designing strategies that block Treg-mediated suppression in cancer patients.
Non-proportional loading of Nylon 66 at room temperature

Abstract Tubular specimens of commercial Nylon 66 were subjected to non-proportional loading in strain control at room temperature. All tests were performed in a servohydraulic, computer-controlled, MTS axial-torsion mechanical testing machine using a biaxial clip-on extensometer. A point in axial-torsion strain space was reached by a square path consisting of separate axial and torsion segments. One specimen was first loaded to a certain axial strain which was subsequently held constant while the tube was twisted. For the other specimen torsional strain was applied first followed by axial loading. The stresses at the same strain point were found to be path dependent. The stress corresponding to the strain that is kept constant drops as the other axis is being loaded. There is considerable interaction between axial and shear behavior. The stress drop can either be a “plasticity effect” or regular relaxation. Separate tests show their nonlinear interaction. Various constitutive models are examined regarding their capabilities of modeling the observed behavior in a qualitative way. Viscoelastic “clock” models based only on the first invariant of strain are not capable of reproducing the observed effect of torsion on axial loading. Even if other invariants are included, the long term behavior predicted by “clock” models is shown to be independent of the loading of the other axis and linear in the strain reached during first loading. This prediction appears to be too restrictive in light of the present experiments. The experiments suggest an explicit dependence on the invariants in a constitutive equation.
pF3D Simulations of Laser-Plasma Interactions in National Ignition Facility Experiments

The laser-plasma interaction code pF3D is used to simulate laser-plasma interactions in National Ignition Facility experiments. This article describes the optimizations performed on pF3D to enable scaling to a million or more processes. The authors begin with a brief description of NIF experiments and then describe pF3D with a focus on the features that are needed to get good performance at scale. The performance of message passing, disk I/O, and code steering are key issues that impact scalability and are discussed in detail. Scaling studies on IBM Blue Gene/L, IBM Blue Gene/P, Cray XE6, and IBM Blue Gene/Q systems are used as examples. The article concludes with a comparison of the backscattered light measured in NIF experiments and computed in the pF3D simulation.
Significance of Doppler-detected mitral regurgitation in acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract To define the incidence of mitral regurgitation (MR) and elucidate its potential contribution to the development of severe congestive heart failure after acute mypcardlal infarction (AMI), Doppler echocardiograms were obtained within 48 hours of onset of AMI in 59 patients. The presence of MR was determined from the apical 4-chamber and parasternal long-axis views with pulsed Doppler. MR was detected in 23 of the 59 patients (39%) and was similarly frequent in patients with anterior (11 of 24 or 46%) and inferior AMI (12 of 34 or 35%). Patients with MR were older (71 ± 3 vs 62 ± 2 years, p
Coastal connectivity in the Gulf of Maine in spring and summer of 2004–2009

Abstract Coastal ocean connectivity associated with the Gulf of Maine (GOM) surface flows in spring and summer seasons of 2004–2009 is studied using surface numerical particle tracking based on realistic regional ocean circulation hindcast solutions. Seven initial particle release sites are selected in key gulf regions often affected by harmful algal (Alexandrium fundyense) blooms, including Massachusetts Bay, the western GOM coastal area, the eastern GOM coastal area, the Bay of Fundy, Wilkinson Basin, the Jordan Basin, and a region seaward of Penobscot Bay. Surface particles are released every 5 days between February 1st and August 1st in each year, and the variability in their trajectories on interannual time scales is quantified by Lagrangian probability density function calculations. Coastal connectivity is further quantified using a connectivity matrix, identifying source and destination functions. Our results suggest that the interannual variability in coastal connectivity has strong impact on the spatial distribution of A. fundyense blooms in each year.
RNA required for import of precursor proteins into mitochondria

A cytoplasmic RNA moiety is necessary for posttranslational uptake of nuclear-encoded mammalian proteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix. Post-translational addition of ribonuclease to a reticulocyte lysate-programmed cell-free translation mixture inhibited subsequent import of six different mitochondrial matrix enzyme precursors into rat liver mitochondria. The required RNA is highly protected, as indicated by the high concentrations of ribonuclease necessary to produce this inhibition. The dependence of the inhibitory effect on temperature, duration of exposure to ribonuclease, and availability of divalent cations is characteristic of the nuclease susceptibility of ribonucleoproteins. The ribonuclease-sensitive component was found in a 400-kilodalton fraction which contains the mitochondrial protein precursors.
Taming the sinister side of BMT: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Suicidal donor T lymphocytes halt GvHD thereby favoring the graft-versus-tumor effect in allogeneic BMT patients.
Extracellular Domain Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Formed by α4 and β2 Subunits

Models of the extracellular ligand-binding domain of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are pentameric integral membrane proteins, are attractive for structural studies because they potentially are water-soluble and better candidates for x-ray crystallography and because their smaller size is more amenable for NMR spectroscopy. The complete N-terminal extracellular domain is a promising foundation for such models, based on previous studies of α7 and muscle-type subunits. Specific design requirements leading to high structural fidelity between extracellular domain nAChRs and full-length nAChRs, however, are not well understood. To study these requirements in heteromeric nAChRs, the extracellular domains of α4 and β2 subunits with or without the first transmembrane domain (M1) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and compared with α4β2 nAChRs based on ligand binding and subunit assembly properties. Ligand affinities of detergent-solubilized, extracellular domain α4β2 nAChRs formed from subunits with M1 were nearly identical to affinities of α4β2 nAChRs when measured with [3H]epibatidine, cytisine, nicotine, and acetylcholine. Velocity sedimentation suggested that these extracellular domain nAChRs predominantly formed pentamers. The yield of these extracellular domain nAChRs was about half the yield of α4β2 nAChRs. In contrast, [3H]epibatidine binding was not detected from the extracellular domain α4 and β2 subunits without M1, implying no detectable expression of extracellular domain nAChRs from these subunits. These results suggest that M1 domains on both α4 and β2 play an important role for efficient expression of extracellular domain α4β2 nAChRs that are high fidelity structural models of full-length α4β2 nAChRs.
Competing explanations of the Minsky moment: The financial instability hypothesis in light of Austrian theory

This paper evaluates the Minsky hypothesis. I discuss the Austrian theory of the business cycle against his theory, from the perspective of the theory and with reference to the current crisis. Minsky offers some of the theoretical details of speculation during the boom phase, which is a positive feature of his hypothesis and allows us to see more clearly how the recent financial crisis played itself out, but in the end his cycle theory remains incomplete. The Minsky moment—a feature of the recent housing bubble—is something that the Austrian theory of the cycle is already fit to explain.
Steiner graphical t-wise balanced designs of type nr

Abstract In this article we completely determines all proper Steiner graphical t-wise balanced designs whose automorphisms contain the group S n wr S r (wreath product) acting on the set of n 2 r 2 edges of the complete r-partite graph, Kn,n,…,n.
The risk of lymph node metastasis with positive peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer.

Objective To determine the correlation between positive peritoneal cytology (PPC) and lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial cancer grossly confined to the uterus.
Avian peptidase isozymes: Tissue distributions, substrate affinities, and assignment of homology

Peptidase (EC 3.4.13.9 and EC 3.4.13.11) isozymes were examined from 14 tissues of 19 species of birds, representing 8 families and 6 orders, via horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Peptidases were detected by employing histochemical staining techniques utilizing 13 di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides as substrates. It was determined that there is a minimum of six presumptive structural gene loci encoding peptidases in birds (excluding those encoding cytosol aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.1). The products of the peptidase loci were widely expressed in most tissues with the exception of Pep-F, which was restricted to pancreas. Products of most loci have multiple, overlapping substrate affinities (except for the products of Pep-D, which react only with a peptide containing a carboxyterminal proline). By using a combination of differential electrophoretic mobility and substrate preferences, the products of the various peptidase loci can be distinguished from one another. The homologies of the avian peptidases with those in other vertebrates were tentatively established and it is suggested that the nomenclature proposed by Rapleyet al. (Ann. Hum. Genet.34:307, 1971) be applied to avian peptidases.
Clinical Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Interstitial Deletion of Chromosome 5q

Deletions of the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 [del(5q)]occur in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) including, but not limited to, those who meet the WHO definition of the 5q− syndrome. Del(5q) MDS patients frequently have symptomatic anemia, and its treatment has traditionally consisted of RBC transfusions and, for some, iron chelation therapy. Erythropoietin, darbepoetin, hypomethylating agents, and lenalidomide can enhance erythropoiesis in MDS patients with anemia, increasing hemoglobin levels and abrogating RBC transfusion requirements. Lenalidomide is particularly active in treating the anemia of del(5q) MDS, which is especially relevant given the low response rate to erythropoietin in this group of patients. In a recent study of 43 MDS patients, 10 of 12 patients (83%) with del(5q) MDS achieved sustained RBC transfusion independence (or a > 2 g/dL increase in hemoglobin), compared with 57% of those with a normal karyotype and 12% of those with other karyotypic abnormalities. Complete cyto...
Adenovirus-mediated direct gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2 produces bone

The need to improve bone healing permeates the discipline of orthopedic surgery. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are capable of inducing ectopic and orthotopic bone formation. However, the ideal approach with which to deliver BMPs remains unknown. Gene therapy to deliver BMPs offers several theoretical advantages over implantation of a recombinant BMP protein, including persistent BMP delivery and eliminating the need for a foreign body carrier. A replication defective adenoviral vector was constructed to carry the rhBMP-2 gene (AdBMP-2). The direct in vivo gene therapy approach was applied in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent animals to produce intramuscular bone as early as 2 weeks following injection. Radiographic and histologic analysis revealed radiodense bone containing mature bone marrow elements. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of a marker gene (β-galactosidase) into control animals produced no bone but indicated the cells transduced with the AdBMP-2 vector. Furthermore, comparisons between immunodeficient and immunocompetent animals illustrated the magnitude and significance of the immune response. Gene therapy to deliver BMP-2 has innumerable potential clinical applications from bone defect healing to joint replacement prosthesis stabilization. This study is the first to establish the feasibility of in vivo gene therapy to deliver active BMP-2 and produce bone.
Absolute infrared intensities in crystalline acetylene and ethane

Abstract Absolute infrared absorption intensities have been measured for three bands of crystalline acetylene and two bands (the hydrogen stretching motions) of crystalline ethane. The changes of intensity observed on condensation of the gases cannot be explained as a “dielectric effect”. In acetylene the large frequency shift and intensification of the hydrogen stretching mode are consistent with characterization of the intermolecular forces as hydrogen bonding to the acetylenic π-clouds.
Defining a process to fuse polarimetric and spectral data for target detection and explore the trade space via simulation

A process is developed to assess the effect of fusing polarimetric and spectral sensing modalities for an urban target detection scenario through simulation with the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model. Two novel multimodal fusion algorithms are proposed--one for the pixel level, and another for the decision level. A synthetic urban scene is validated to ensure the presence of enough background clutter. The signal-to-clutter ratios (SCR) of both the simulated spectral and polarimetric data are calculated, and the synthetic spectral SCR is compared to data collected with the Compact Airborne Spectral Sensor (COMPASS). A qualitative examination of the polarimetric background clutter level is also described. The fusion algorithms' performances are evaluated at 355 different sun-target-sensor viewing geometries, and a method to quantify the increase in performance is described. Tasking conditions where target detection performance is enhanced are identified and the decision fusion algorithm is shown to outperform the pixel fusion algorithm. The utility of polarimetric information is shown to vary with the sun-target-sensor geometry, but data fusion consistently enhances spectral target detection performance when the sensor is located in the sun's specular reflection lobe.
Tremor and Deep Brain Nuclei Hyperintensities in Kabuki Syndrome

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital disorder first described in 1981. Case reports indicate multiple congenital abnormalities: skeletal anomalies, cognitive impairment, characteristic facial appearance, and peculiar dermatoglyphic patterns. We describe a patient with Kabuki syndrome who presented with physiologic tremor in her distal upper extremities. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed symmetric T 2 -hyperintense lesions with mildly restricted diffusion in the lentiform nuclei, red nuclei, and dentate nuclei bilaterally. Although multiple abnormalities of the central nervous system were reported previously in Kabuki syndrome, this patient is the first, to the best of our knowledge, with the unique findings that we observed.
Effect of induced oligohydramnios on fetal lung development

To investigate the impact of oligohydramnios on fetal growth, development, and lung function, amniotic fluid was shunted from alternate gestational sacs into the maternal peritoneal cavity at 23 days' gestation in the fetal rabbit. Uninstrumented fetuses served as controls. Oligohydramnios was confirmed at the time of planned cesarean delivery on either day 26 or 28. Fetuses subjected to prolonged oligohydramnios had significantly decreased body weight at 26 (p = 0.002) and 28 days (p = 0.007). Similarly, lung weight was decreased at 26 (p = 0.02) and 28 days (p = 0.005). There was a trend toward decreased maximum lung volume for instrumented fetuses at 28 days (p = 0.07). Deflation limbs of the pressure-volume curves revealed significantly increased air trapping for instrumented fetuses at 28 days. These studies suggest not only a detrimental effect of oligohydramnios on fetal body and lung weight but also a beneficial effect of premature rupture of membranes on fetal lung function. Analysis of phospholipid and histologic changes is currently under way.
Cell lineage patterns in the shoot meristem of the sunflower embryo in the dry seed

We mapped the fate of cells in the shoot meristem of the dry-seed embryo of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. cv. Peredovic, using irradiation-induced somatic sectors. We analyzed 249 chlorophyll-deficient or glabrous (hairless) sectors generated in 236 plants. Most sectors observed in the inflorescence extended into vegetative nodes. Thus cell lineages that ultimately gave rise to reproductive structures also contributed to vegetative structures. No single sector extended the entire length of the shoot. Thus the shoot is not derived from one or a few apical initials. Rather, the position, vertical extent, and width of the sectors at different levels of the shoot suggest that the shoot is derived from three to four circumferential populations of cells in each of three cell layers of the embryo meristem. Sectors had no common boundaries even in plants with two or three independent sectors, but varied in extent and overlapped along the length of the shoot. Thus individual cells in a single circumferential population behaved independently to contribute lineages of different vertical extents to the growing shoot. The predicted number of circumferential populations of cells as well as the apparent cell number in each population was consistent with the actual number of cells in the embryo meristem observed in histological sections.
Thermal properties of 433 Eros

Radiometric and reflected light observations of 433 Eros at high time resolution, high accuracy, and broad spectral coverage are reported. A thermal inertia model is used to estimate the thermal inertia, albedo, and size of Eros. An albedo of 0.125 plus or minus 0.025 with axes of 39.3 plus or minus 2.0 x 16.1 plus or minus 0.8 km is found. The estimate of the albedo is about 30% lower than previous estimates.
On global shear transfer across a crack or joint plane penetrated by continuous fiber reinforcement with application to reinforced concrete

Although this paper focuses on reinforced concrete, the underlying theoretical problem is common to many modeling problems associated with the nonlinear response of brittle matrix, fiber-reinforced composite materials. This class of composites includes structural materials such as reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete masonry, and advanced materials such as carbon/carbon and fiber-reinforced ceramic composites. The problem common to these material types is the prediction of the overall shear resultant transmitted across an interface, the plane of which is penetrated by reinforcing “fibers”. In practice, this plane may represent a construction joint, the intersection of two wall elements, or a crack. The most difficult segment of the modeling problem is the treatment of that part of the resultant force which is contributed by the fibers. Within the context of reinforced concrete, this is the classical “dowel action” problem. In what follows, a theoretical description of dowel action is developed for the case of an interface which is normal to the principal direction of reinforcement. This description incorporates dowel action, nonlinear axial dowel effects, interface shear transfer, and bond action. Model validation is accomplished by comparing experimental data with theoretical predictions for a variety of cases involving both monotonic and hysteretic loadings. It is emphasized that the resulting model is largely non-phenomenological. In view of the interactive nature of the basic mechanisms involved in dowel action problems, such a description is needed to properly understand and utilize test data.
Alicyclic hydrocarbons from an unusual deposit in Derbyshire, England—A study in possible diagenesis

Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of alicyclic hydrocarbons from Carboniferous organic materials, noting alkane distribution and evolutionary histories
Band structures and Fermi surfaces of single- and double-Tl-O-layered high-temperature superconductors.

We present here the complete results of tight-binding calculations of the band structures and Fermi surfaces for the ${\mathrm{TlBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{n}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathit{n}+3}$ and ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{n}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathit{n}+4}$ (n=1, 2, and 3) superconducting phases. We show the density of states (partial and total) and three-dimensional Fermi surfaces for each of these six phases. The single-Tl-O-layer Fermi surfaces contain noncylindrical features, and the Fermi surfaces of Tl 2:2:2:3, Tl 1:2:0:1, Tl 1:2:1:2, and Tl 1:2:2:3 show pockets corresponding to Tl-O band crossings at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$.
The judicial committee of the privy council and the development of judicial review

It is difficult to apply the American conception of judicial review (the power of a court to annul acts of government on constitutional grounds) to the work of Britain's Judicial Committee. The difficulty stems from a definitional problem. As long as a territory remains in some sort of dependent relationship to Britain, it has in a sense two constitutions: its own local set of working political institutions (most likely approved by British colonial officers and the Colonial Office), and the broader set of limits set by Britain, which one may call very loosely "the imperial constitution." This broader set of limits was imposed in the first instance by the political arms of imperialism -Parliament and the Crown colonial officials. But where a question of legal interpretation arose it was settled by reference to the Judicial Committee or (less definitely) its predecessors. In one sense, then, any decision by the Committee in a case from a dependency is a use of judicial review, since the Committee is interpreting and elucidating local law so as to keep it congruent with the imperial constitution if that is felt to be desirable.
Growth regulators affect in vitro propagation of two interspecific Impatients hybrids

Abstract Two Impatiens L. interspecific hybrids were propagated in vitro by culturing shoot tips on agarsolidified MS revised medium containing one of 3 cytokinins (BA, 2iP, kinetin) or a cytokinin plus NAA. BA was most effective for stimulating shoot multiplication on ‘T63-1’, a Java (J) × New Guinea (NG) interspecific hybrid for which 9.3 shoots per explant were obtained at 10 μM. For ‘Star Fire’, a Celebes (C × NG interspecific hybrid, the most shoots per explant occurred on medium with 2iP at 40–60 μM. Multiple shoot production was strongly inhibited on explants of both genotypes by the use of 80 μM of both BA and 2iP. Shoot elongation also was inhibited as cytokinin concentration increased. The fewest but longest shoots of both genotypes were stimulated with kinetin. In the presence of NAA, shoot multiplication was promoted on explants of ‘T63-1’ but inhibited on explants of ‘Star Fire’.
Holding in Mind Conflicting Information: Pretending, Working Memory, and Executive Control

Preschoolers' recall of the true and pretend identities of an object in pretense was examined along with a battery of executive functioning and working memory tasks. We expected that children would retain separate identities, as well as a link between them, after observing episodes of pretense, and that memory for pretense would be related to executive functioning and working memory. Children (aged 37–59 months) recalled the true identity of an object better than its pretend identity. Children's recall of at least one identity was correlated with executive functioning and “dual” working memory tasks, independent of age and verbal ability. Memory for both identities was only correlated with executive functioning. The findings are generally supportive of the claim that children form separate representations of the true and pretend identities of objects. The results extend findings of well-established relations between false belief tasks and executive functioning and working memory.
A finite element method of viscoelastic stress analysis with application to rolling contact problems

A completely numerical method for steady state linear viscoelastic stress analysis is presented by means of the finite element approach. Numerical representations of the measured viscoelastic constitutive relations are used. This method is developed to obtain steady state solutions to mixed boundary value problems in which the character of the boundary conditions at a point changes with time. Such problems cannot be handled by direct application of the correspondence theorem. A numerical example of viscoelastic sheet rolling is presented along with an experimental verification of the solution by photo-viscoelastic observations.
Neuropeptide Y gene expression is increased in the hypothalamus of older women

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus of the hypothalamus are part of a reciprocal circuit regulating reproduction and energy balance. Based on studies showing an age-related decrease in POMC mRNA, we hypothesized that NPY gene expression would increase in older women. In situ hybridization was used to compare NPY mRNA levels between young (premenopausal) and older (postmenopausal) women. We also measured NPY gene expression in intact and ovariectomized young cynomolgus monkeys. We report a significant increase (∼100%) in the numbers of autoradiographic grains/NPY neuron in the retrochiasmatic area and infundibular nucleus of older women. NPY mRNA was correlated with subject age and inversely proportional to the number of POMC neurons previously counted in the same subjects. In contrast, there was no difference in hypothalamic NPY mRNA in intact vs. ovariectomized monkeys. These data show that aging in women is associated with increased NPY gene ...
Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer in Adverse Pressure Gradient. Part 11: Data Analysis

Experimental measurements of the mean profile characteristics of the supersonic turbulent boundary layer in a moderate adverse pressure gradient are analyzed. Turbulent boundary-layer equations applicable to compressible flow over a surface with longitudinal curvature are evaluated by numerical integration using the tabulated profile data. Curvature corrections to the equation for conservation of streamwise momentum are shown to be small but of the same order of magnitude as the wall shear stress. The data are shown to correlate in law of the wall dimentionless coordinates using an integral compressibility transformation that follows directly from Prandtl's mixing length approximation of the Reynolds stress. Values of skin-friction coefficient determined using the experimental data are compared to other experimental data and to values predicted using the Spalding-Chi method.
Reduced lattice thermal conductivity in Bi-doped Mg2Si0.4Sn0.6

This letter reports the thermoelectric properties of Bi-doped Mg2Si0.4Sn0.6 thermoelectric materials. It was found that the ZTs of this material could be greatly enhanced by Bi-doping. Analyses on the transport properties showed that the power factors of the material were enhanced while the lattice thermal conductivities were reduced by Bi-doping. The reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity was likely caused by the interstitial Bi impurities. A peak ZT ≈ 1.55 at 773 K was obtained.
Using NASREM for telerobot control system development

Using a functional architecture such as the NASA/NIST Standard Reference Model for Telerobot Control System Architecture (NASREM) to implement specific applications is helpful because much of the work resides in the infrastructure and the infrastructure is the same for all applications. Rather than recreating this infrastructure, our approach is to develop the additional 20% of the code which tailors the infrastructure for the specific application. This paper describes the process by which a system based on NASREM is developed.
Evaluating US state police performance using data envelopment analysis

Abstract In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of state police services in the continental United States using a multiple-stage data envelopment analysis model. Using multiple inputs and multiple outputs to characterize police service provision, technical and scale efficiency are calculated for the 49 continental states. Given the complex nature of service provision, we allow for environmental factors of production and control for these non-discretionary inputs. Our results indicate that most states are technically efficient, but nearly half are operating at less than optimal scale size.
Convergence of True Cooperations in Bayesian Reputation Game

In a distributed environment in which multiple self-interested entities interact, knowing who to interact with is an important decision to make. Reputation is one metric to help with the decision. However, when there are a massive number of entities, a centralized reputation management doesn't scale up. We introduce bayesian reputation game where players have only private information about others with no centralized management. We design a game in a way that the reputation values are used as a part of payoffs and analyze the game when it is infinitely repeated. We define two types of interactions where one is honest and the other is dishonest. We show that the true cooperation is sustained when the game is repeated even when we applied dynamic type changes. As a result, the average reputation values of players increase over time and converge. The game models the real world situation well and it provides a guideline for designing distributed entities from software agents to Internet of things where no centralized authority exists.
I still haven't found what you're looking for: Searching for myself and then searching for you too

mdodd2@unl.edu mark.mills2@huskers.unl.edu gmcdonnell@huskers.unl.edu The V.A.M.P. lab at UNL: http://psych.unl.edu/mdodd/VAMP/ or http://www.facebook.com/#!/group.php?gid=166974423384 Eye movements and attention Attentional allocation is influenced by numerous factors, both internal (e.g., intent, motivation) and external (e.g., visual environment) Attention research often focuses on how attention can be made to operate more efficiently and effectively Purpose To determine the influence of joint search behavior on reaction time, accuracy, and oculomotor kinematics Joint search occurs when an individual controls the visual input of a second individual via a gaze contingent window Task Participant 1 (P1) controls the window via their eye movements, Participant 2 (P2 in an adjoining room) sees only the stimuli P1 directly fixates Three blocks of trials, two potential trial orders Order 1: a) P1 performs the search task and target detection task individually, b) P1 searches the display while P2 detects targets, c) P2 performs the search and target detection task individually Order 2: a) P1 performs the search task and target detection task individually, b) P2 searches the display while P1 detects targets, c) P2 performs the search and target detection task individually Experiment 1: Target present/absent Participants have 8 seconds to determine whether or not a red square is present in the search display
Modulation Detection Interference: Across-frequency processing and auditory grouping

Modulation Detection Interference (MDI) is the loss of sensitivity in processing amplitude modulation of a probe tone when a masker is similarly modulated. MDI was measured in four experiments to investigate two past claims concerning MDI: 1) That MDI represents across-spectral processing, and 2) that MDI is the consequence of the auditory system using common patterns of amplitude modulation to group spectral components into a single auditory source. Experiment I studied MDI when the envelope phase of the masker and probe modulators were different and was used to address the issue of the extent to which MDI is a consequence of spectral grouping based on common amplitude modulation. Measures of MDI for conditions in which the frequency separation between the probe and masker carriers was varied (Experiment II), estimates of modulation depth discrimination (Experiment III), and signal detection thresholds for brief sinusoidal signals masked by amplitude modulated tones (Experiment IV) were all used to address issues related to across-spectral processing of amplitude modulation. The conclusions of these studies is that MDI is largely an across-frequency phenomenon and that the role of auditory grouping based on a common pattern of modulation can not be ruled out as having a relationship to MDI.
A dimension theorem for division rings

LetD be a division algebra over a fieldk, letn be an arbitrary positive integer, and letk(x1,...,xn) denote the rational function field inn variables overk. In this note we complete previous work by proving that the following three conditions are equivalent: (i) there exists an integerj such that the matrix ringMj(D) contains a commutative subfield which has transcendence degreen overk; (ii) K dim (D⊗kk(x1,...,xn)) =n; (iii) gl. dim (D⊗kk(x1,...,xn)) =n. The crucial tool in the proof of this theorem is the Nullstellensatz forD[x1,...,xn] which was obtained by Amitsur and Small.