cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isotopic spin seleci n rules and pari y nor-conservation in the decay if the s range particles

The experimental situation is reviewed on the decay ratios of the θ-meson and hyperons from the point of view of testing the validity of the suggested δT = ± 1/2 selection rule. Assuming charge-independence, it is shown that the observed decay ratios of the Σ-hyperons require a very large admixture of δT = ± 3/2 decay, provided parity is conserved in the decay. However, if the requirement of parity conservation is discarded, the hyperon decay ratios can be accounted for, in a most natural fashion, while still preserving the δT =± 1/2 selection rule. This, explanation leads to the prediction of large asymmetries in the angular distributions from the decay of polarized hyperons. Furthermore, these asymmetries are very sensitive to the degree of time-reversal in variance of the decay interaction. A table is given for the expected asymmetry parameters in parity non-conserving hyperon decays with and without time-reversal invariance.
Altered Cardiac Histology Following Apical Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Congenital Atrioventricular Block

Previous studies have demonstrated that right ventricular apical pacing inherently alters ventricular contraction, regional blood flow, wall stress, and predisposes to diminished function. However, histological consequences of chronic apical pacing potentially contributing to the observed ventricular dysfunction remain conjectural. Previous canine studies have demonstrated histopathological cellular abnormalities with apically initiated ventricular pacing that may result in the observed diminished ventricular function. To determine if comparable adverse changes also occur in the clinical setting, 16 endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from 14 age-matched patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) and otherwise normal anatomy, divided into two groups: eight biopsies (median patient age 15.5 years) from patients prior to pacemaker implant and another eight biopsies (median patient age 16 years) from patients following 3-12 years (median 5.5) of chronic ventricular pacing. In one patient, biopsy samples were obtained before and after pacing. Results demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) increase in histopathological alterations among the patient biopsy samples following pacing, consisting of myofiber size variation, fibrosis, fat deposition, sclerosis, and mitochondrial morphological changes. These findings indicate that chronic apical right heart ventricular pacing may adversely alter myocellular growth, especially among the young, on the cellular and subcellular level, potentially contributing to the diminished function observed clinically.
Scaling laws for myelinated axons derived from an electrotonic core-conductor model.

A macroscopic cable equation, which describes the passive linear ("electrotonic") response of a myelinated axon, was previously derived from a segmented cable equation using Keller's two-space homogenization method [Basser, PJ, Med. and Biol. Comput., 1993, Vol. 31, pp. S87–S92]. Here we use the space and length constants of this averaged cable equation to predict classical scaling laws that govern relationships among the inner and outer diameters of the axon's myelin sheath and the distance separating adjacent nodes of Ranvier. These laws are derived by maximizing the characteristic speed of an electrical disturbance along the axon, i.e., the ratio of the characteristic length and the characteristic time constants of the macroscopic cable, subject to the constraint that the nodal width is constant. Using this result, it is also possible to show that all myelinated axons are equally fault tolerant. No free parameters were used in this analysis; all variables and physical constants used in these calculations were taken from published experimental data.
Isotropic-nematic phase transition in suspensions of filamentous virus and the neutral polymer Dextran.

We present an experimental study of the isotropic-nematic phase transition in an aqueous mixture of charged semiflexible rods (fd virus) and neutral polymer (Dextran). A complete phase diagram is measured as a function of ionic strength and polymer molecular weight. At high ionic strength we find that adding polymer widens the isotropic-nematic coexistence region with polymers preferentially partitioning into the isotropic phase, while at low ionic strength the added polymer has no effect on the phase transition. The nematic order parameter is determined from birefringence measurements and is found to be independent of polymer concentration (or equivalently the strength of attraction ). The experimental results are compared with the existing theoretical predictions for the isotropic-nematic transition in rods with attractive interactions.
Multiple periods of functional ocular dominance plasticity in mouse visual cortex

The precise period when experience shapes neural circuits in the mouse visual system is unknown. We used Arc induction to monitor the functional pattern of ipsilateral eye representation in cortex during normal development and after visual deprivation. After monocular deprivation during the critical period, Arc induction reflects ocular dominance (OD) shifts within the binocular zone. Arc induction also reports faithfully expected OD shifts in cat. Shifts towards the open eye and weakening of the deprived eye were seen in layer 4 after the critical period ends and also before it begins. These shifts include an unexpected spatial expansion of Arc induction into the monocular zone. However, this plasticity is not present in adult layer 6. Thus, functionally assessed OD can be altered in cortex by ocular imbalances substantially earlier and far later than expected.
Modelling and control of aircraft flutter problem

In this paper we develop a state space model for motion of an airfoil in two-dimensional unsteady flow, of an inviscid, incompressible fluid. Then we show that the solution exists, is unique and depends continuously on the initial data. Of particular importance in the context of the present work is the fact that the L-Q-R theory has been extended to such systems and thus may provide appropriate design tools for flutter suppression problems.
Americans with Disabilities Act: its impact on youth sports.

(1995). Americans with Disabilities Act: Its Impact on Youth Sports. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 28-32.
On Complexity of The Tightening Problem for Web Service Discovery

A goal of the service oriented paradigm/SOA is to facilitate automated service composition. Motivated by scenarios in e-business and e-science, the automated composition problem starts with a specification of a "goal" service and a set of searchable existing services. The composition problem relies on discovering relevant services at the semantic level, mainly, through entry/exit conditions, and assembling them into a "realization" of the goal service. Based on this framework, we study in this paper a tightening problem which strengthens service discovery queries formulated from conditions in the goal service. A tighter condition can find more relevant services while a looser one may exclude the possibility of assembling a goal realization. The tightening problem is studied for conditions in different logic languages, mainly, conditions with order constraints and linear arithmetic. The complexity of the tightening problem is given for both integers and real numbers.
Design of 2-D rational digital filters

A novel 2-D rational filter design technique is presented which makes use of a reflection coefficient function (RCF) representation for the filter transfer function. The design problem is formulated in the frequency domain. A least-square error criterion is used though the usual error measure is augmented with barrier functions. These act to restrict the domain of approximation to the set of stable filters. Construction of suitable barrier functions is facilitated by the RCF characterization.
Leaving as a Wife, Leaving as a Mother Ways of Relinquishing Custody

This discussion begins with the conviction that we need to examine the meaning of the decision to relinquish child custody rather than its causes. Based on in-depth, semistructured interviews with 20 noncustodial mothers, it is shown that mothers relinquish custody either “as wives” or “as mothers,” and by that is meant the status that is made salient in their leaving. “Leaving as a wife” reflects a decision primarily responsive to husband's acts or wishes; “leaving as a mother” reflects a reaction to a particular child or to the role of child rearer. Whereas these two ways of leaving home are different in their meaning and consequence, social reaction appears to treat them as a unitary social category. This collapsing of the categories points to the preeminence of motherhood for women.
Inhibition of β‐adrenergic stimulated calcium pump of rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum by tricyclohexyltin hydroxide

The effects of tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (Plictran), an organotin acaricide, on 45Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ ATPase were studied in vitro and in vivo in rat heart ventricular membrane vesicles, primarily sarcoplasmic reticulum. There was a concentration dependent inhibition of both 45Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ ATPase in vivo as well as in vitro. Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum and this was also inhibited by Plictran. Since cardiac relaxation is mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation via Ca+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum, the inhibition of calcium pump activity by Plictran may result in alterations in cardiac Ca2+ fluxes leading to cardiac dysfunction.
Migration of fault tolerant networks

The migration from today's network to the restorable network of the future is discussed. Three categories of topologies are discussed in detail: dedicated (unidirectional, hybrid, or counter rotating) rings or route diversity; shared (bidirectional or reverse protection) rings; and mesh. Dedicated transport solutions are contrasted against general-purpose cross-connects with an emphasis on restoration times, economics, growth, and administration. >
Dietary supplementation with a mixture of structured triacylglycerols 1,2,3-tri-γ-linolenylglycerol and 1,2-di-γ-linolenyl-3-mono-oleoylglycerol enhances kidney phospholipid DGLA and prostaglandin E1

Abstract Investigations involving dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) have linked arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) and its metabolites to the modulation of renal inflammatory processes. To delineate whether the structural positioning of PUFAs on the glycerol backbone of the triacylglycerol can influence fatty acid profiles and eicosanoid generation in the kidney, mixtures of structured triacylglycerols containing 494 % 1,2,3-tri-γ-linolenylglycerol (TGLA), containing 46.5 % 1,2-di-γ-linolenyl-3-mono-oleoylglycerol (DGMO); and corn oil control (containing tri-linoleoylglycerol) were respectively supplemented in the diet of normal guinea pigs for four weeks After euthanasia, the kidneys were removed for fatty acid and eicosanoid analyses Our data revealed: (i) elevated levels of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3n-6) in total phospholipids. 15.0 % in the TGLA and 10.3 % in the DGMO groups when compared to 6 % in the corn oil control; these elevations parallel decrease of AA in these two dietary groups. 16 % (TGLA) and 19 % (DGMO) versus 26 % (control); (ii) increased generation of prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ): 77.7 % (TGLA) and 59.4 % (DGMO) versus 57.5 % (control), and (iii) enhanced tissue generation of 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE): 21.8 % (TGLA) and 32.2 % (DGMO) when compared to 20.2 % (control) Taken together, this study indicates that the increased number of a particular fatty acid on the glycerol backbone of an ingested triacylglycerol may affect the nature of the PUFAs incorporated into the phospholipids and the generation of kidney eicosanoids Thus, dietary supplementation with structured triacylglycerols may offer a suitable approach to modulating tissue PUFAs and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids.
Maintaining Currency and Staying at the Cutting Edge of the Profession

Educators and employers have traditionally worked together to identify engineering skills which require ongoing updating and upgrading in order to avoid obsolescence. That, along with the need to work successfully in multidisciplinary environments, has become increasingly critical in staying competitive in the face of rapidly changing technology and current trends toward outsourcing of engineering jobs. Mechanical engineers, specifically, are continuously confronted with the requirement to maintain proficiency in CAD and FEA tools, evolving multiplicity of design materials and fabrication processes and increased sophistication of design components. Another aspect of a successful engineer entails the ability to communicate with both engineers and non-engineers who frequently are in positions to approve or cancel projects which may affect success and/or survival of the company where engineers work. A recent survey was conducted of engineering alumni of the mechanical engineering program at California State University, Fullerton spanning a period of close to four decades to assess if and how these graduates managed to stay current and the degree of success achieved in this continuing endeavor. The survey evaluated ways and means of these efforts and the employers’ attitudes and support, or lack thereof, towards such efforts. Also the surveys examined alumni experiences of working in multidisciplinary and multinational teams. Relationships between continued education and success in pursuit of the career of alumni were examined. Implications of these findings to engineers, academic institutions and industry were discussed with particular interest in the roles that educational institutions and professional societies play in the career of engineers.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Gentamicin in Infants and Children

This report describes the results of extensive laboratory and clinical evaluation of gentamicin in infants and children. Of more than 4,000 strains of gramnegative bacteria, over 95% were susceptible to the antibiotic in vitro. The results of studies of the absorption, excretion, and distribution of gentamicin in different doses in subjects ranging in age from the neonatal period through adolescence are described. Sixty-nine of 76 patients with bacterial gastroenteritis responded to the drug administered orally. The therapeutic response was considered satisfactory in approximately 75% of patients with serious infections, including pyelonephritis, pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and others due to gram-negative bacteria. There was no evidence of serious toxicity due to gentamicin. The preliminary pharmacologic results with an experimental formulation containing 10 mg of gentamicin, intended for use in neonates and young infants, were encouraging.
Chronic activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase increases GLUT-4, hexokinase, and glycogen in muscle.

This study was designed to determine whether chronic chemical activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) would increase glucose transporter GLUT-4 and hexokinase in muscles similarly to peri...
An enhanced Gray model for nondiffusive heat conduction solved by implicit lattice Boltzmann method

Abstract Many studies have revealed that Fourier’s law becomes invalid in the study of heat transfer in micro/nanoscale systems due to phonon-mediated nondiffusive heat transport. It is necessary to develop high-fidelity non-Fourier models and numerical methods to study nondiffusive heat transfer for both experimental data analysis in nanothermometry and thermal design in micro-/nano-systems. Starting from the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), we develop an enhanced Gray (EG) model by considering the second-order terms in Taylor expansion. In the proposed enhanced Gray BTE (EG-BTE), two parameters associated with inherent material properties, i.e., the diffusive relaxation time and the ballistic mean free time, are used to characterize the diffusive heat conduction and nondiffusive heat conduction, respectively. While the diffusive relaxation time is calculated directly from the thermal conductivity, the ballistic mean free time of nonmetallic materials can be determined from transient grating experiments. An implicit lattice Boltzmann method (ILBM) is developed to solve the EG-BTE, which is unconditionally stable. The EG-BTE model is validated by comparing predictions of thermal decay processes with transient grating experiments. After being validated, the EG-BTE model is applied to study heat conduction across thin films from ballistic to diffusive regime at room temperature as well as thermal wave propagation in crystal at low temperatures. The numerical results demonstrate that the EG-BTE provides a unified model to describe multiscale heat conduction covering both nondiffusive and diffusive regimes.
Feminism, Maps and GIS

Until recently, there was not much connection between feminism and cartography or GIS (geographic information science and/or system) but today they are increasingly intertwined. The meaning and purpose of mapping have significantly changed in recent decades due to several reasons. For example, the mapping process has become computerized, virtually all spatial information is now digital, and GIS has emerged as essential when working with spatial data. At the same time, women have increased their visibility and presence in science and technologies. Feminist scholarship, too, has made a profound impact on social science and geography and has come to inform and influence the fields of cartography and GIS. This article discusses the changing relationship of cartography and GIS and presents major feminist critiques of these fields. After examining the undervalued contribution of women to both cartography and GIS, the article focuses on an ongoing engagement of feminism with GIS and practices of mapping. This engagement includes reclaiming the power of vision, creating a range of feminist cartographies, and the broader impacts of geospatial technologies on women's daily lives.
Consciousness Without Attention

This paper explores whether consciousness can exist without attention. This is a hot topic in philosophy of mind and cognitive science due to the popularity of theories that hold attention to be necessary for consciousness. The discovery of a form of consciousness that exists without the influence of attention would require a change in the way that many global workspace theorists, for example, understand the role and function of consciousness. Against this understanding, at least three forms of consciousness have been argued to exist without attention: perceptual gist, imagistic consciousness, and phenomenal consciousness. After first arguing that the evidence is inconclusive on the question of whether these forms of consciousness exist without attention, I here present a fourth form of consciousness that is likely to be more successful: conscious entrainment. I argue that conscious entrainment is a form of consciousness associated with skilled behavior in which attention is sometimes absent.
Gunshot Wounds of the Ureter: 5 Years of Experience

During 5 consecutive years 20 patients with ureteral gunshot wounds were treated at the Detroit General Hospital. Among the 19 patients treated surgically 4 unrelated deaths occurred and 3 patients underwent a second exploration. No kidney was lost. Our surgical technique involving a tension-free, watertight anastomosis and diversion is emphasized. We believe that better results are obtained with stented repairs.
Ablation of the cornea using visible femtosecond pulses

An understanding of the laser ablation process in corneal tissue is important for optimizing the ablation mechanism for surgical applications. Previous studies have investigated the use of UV nanosecond laser pulses as a means for precise removal of corneal tissues.1,2 Ultraviolet pulses of femtosecond duration have also been used to investigate ablation and etching of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).3 We report the first experimental observation of corneal ablation using visible femtosecond pulses at 620 nm with peak intensities exceeding 1013 W/cm2.
Microstructure and Properties of NB, V and N Modified CB7CU-1 (17-4 PH) Steel

Microstructure and mechanical properties of CB7Cu-1 (17-4 PH) steel modified by addition of niobium, vanadium, and nitrogen were explored. Four heats of CB7Cu-1 steel: base, niobium modified to remove carbon from solution, vanadium modified, and vanadium plus nitrogen modified were melted in a 45 kg (100 lb) induction furnace under Ar atmosphere and cast into no-bake phenolic bonded sand molds and preheated ceramic shell molds. Computational thermodynamics, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and optical microscopy techniques were used to characterize microstructures produced during homogenization, austenite conditioning, and quenching treatments. Age hardening kinetics were studied at 460°C (860°F) and 482°C (900°F). Tensile an Charpy impact properties were measured in peak-aged and over-aged conditions. Fracture surfaces were observed using SEM and complex niobium-vanadium carbonitrides were identified as fracture initiation sites. For a fixed elongation to failure, a higher tensile strength was obtained by over-aging the CB7Cu-1 steel modified with niobium, vanadium, and nitrogen; however, the Charpy impact energy was lower as compared to the peak aged base CB7Cu-1 alloy.
Nest Movements and Population Spatial Structure of the Forest Ant Myrmica punctiventris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Nest locations of the forest ant Myrmica punctiventris (Roger) were mapped over the course of 2 growing seasons as part of an experiment documenting effects of food and nest site availability on social structure. Artificial hollow sticks made from dowels were used to supplement natural nest sites and to track the location of M. punctiventris nests. High numbers of nest immigrations and turnovers demonstrated that relocations of nests were more common than stasis throughout the growing season. Seasonal polydomy in M. punctiventris accounts for the seasonal pattern of expansion and contraction evident in the data. High mobility of M. punctiventris nests during the growing season and from one year to the next warrants a reevaluation of how to study the forest ant community. In particular, studies of competition in the forest ant community should not be based on inferences from spatial arrays of nests.
Evaluation of Prototype Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Landfill Cover Applications

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are factory manufactured clay barriers, typically consisting of 3.6 kg/m2 sodium bentonite clay between two geotextiles. They are used as hydraulic and environmental barriers for a variety of civil and environmental applications. Because of their low hydraulic conductivity, they are frequently used as a replacement for regulatory prescribed compacted clay liners. Where quality clay is not available nearby, GCLs are frequently used as a substitute. With their many benefits, GCLs do have their limits. Over the last decade, several field studies have assessed the in-service performance of GCLs in landfill covers. In some of these cases, the GCLs exhibited high hydraulic conductivities compared to laboratory tested GCLs. Past research has demonstrated that GCLs which undergo both wetting and drying cycles combined with cation exchange (sodium for calcium or magnesium) can experience increases in hydraulic conductivity over time. To prevent this from occurring, the current industry standard is to either test the adjacent soil for chemistry to evaluate compatibility (i.e. concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and other major cations), or to install either a separate overlying geomembrane over the GCL or a geomembrane-laminated GCL to prevent clay desiccation. This study exposed prototype polymer-modified bentonite GCLs to several wetting and drying cycles in a calcium-rich solution. After each hydration cycle, samples were allowed to air dry. GCL samples were then tested for hydraulic performance using index test methods and hydraulic conductivity, and compared to traditional GCLs that underwent the same conditions. Four separate polymer-modified bentonite (PMB) GCLs were evaluated in this study. PMB-1 demonstrated poor performance after repeated cycles. PMB-2, PMB-3, and PMB-4 demonstrated improved performance, and have the potential to work well as stand-alone barriers in landfill cover applications.
Anticonvulsants and Bone Mineral Density

The effect of carbamazepine and valproate monotherapy on bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 27 healthy children and 26 children with uncomplicated idiopathic epilepsy treated with an anticonvulsant for longer than 18 months at the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Canada.
Regulation of mRNA Translation Is a Novel Mechanism for Phthalate Toxicity

Phthalates are a group of plasticizers that are widely used in many consumer products and medical devices, thus generating a huge burden to human health. Phthalates have been known to cause a number of developmental and reproductive disorders functioning as endocrine modulators. They are also involved in carcinogenesis with mechanisms less understood. To further understand the molecular mechanisms of phthalate toxicity, in this study we reported a new effect of phthalates on mRNA translation/protein synthesis, a key regulatory step of gene expression. Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) was found to directly inhibit mRNA translation in vitro but showed a complicated pattern of affecting mRNA translation in cells. In human kidney embryonic cell (HEK-293T), BBP increased cap-dependent mRNA translation at lower concentrations but showed inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. Cap-independent translation was not affected. On the other hand, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) as a major metabolite of another important phthalate di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) inhibited both can-dependent and -independent mRNA translation in vivo. In contrast, BBP and MEHP exhibited an overall promoting effect on mRNA translation in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies identified that the level and phosphorylation of eIF4E-BP (eIF4E binding protein) and the amount of eIF4GI in eIF4F complex were altered in accordance with the effect of BBP on translation. BBP was also identified to directly bind to eIF4E, providing a further mechanism underlying the regulation of mRNA by phthalate. At the cellular level BBP inhibited normal cell growth but slightly promoted cancer cells (HT29) growth. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that phthalates can directly regulate mRNA translation as a novel mechanism to mediate their biological toxicities.
Seventy-Five Years of Kant … and Counting

There have been more articles on Kant's aesthetics in the history of the Journal than on the next four leading figures in the history of aesthetics combined. I argue that this is because Kant's aesthetic theory consists of multiple levels of theory that makes it accessible to and important for multiple approaches to the subject itself. Continuing issues for both Kant interpretation and for aesthetics in general arise at each of these levels, including the plausibility of the claim to universal validity in judgments of taste, the nature of the free play of the imagination in aesthetic experience, the character of aesthetic pleasure, the proper objects of aesthetic judgment, and the moral significance of aesthetic experience.
Practical Application of Digital Photogrammetry for Fieldwork in the American Midwest: An Example from the Middle Ohio Valley

ABSTRACTThe use of close-range digital photogrammetry for field documentation has been steadily increasing in the past half decade in several parts of the world. However, this technology has not been widely utilized in archaeological contexts in the American Midwest. We explore the utility of close-range photogrammetry in this region with examples from the Guard site (12D29), a Fort Ancient village located in southeastern Indiana. This article outlines the methods utilized for production of georeferenced 3-D models of several units excavated during the 2016 field season. These models as well as plan and profile orthophotos derived from them act as important supplements to standard photographs and drawings made in the field and easily integrate with the site GIS. Overall, we found close-range digital photogrammetry to be very useful to better document excavation details, doing so for limited cost and time expenditure.
The Lagrangian Gauss image of a compact surface in Minkowski 3-Space

A generic compact surfaceQ in Minkowski 3-Space is naturally stratified by the loci where the orthogonal line bundle is tangent to the next lower stratum,SP ⊂D0 ⊂Q ⊂ M3. To each component inD0 we associate a light-like hypersurface and in turn a Lagrangian loop in the cotangent bundle of the circle. We then establish an inequality relating the Euler characteristic of the indefinite component ofQ with the total Gaus-Maslov index of the associated Lagrangian loops.
SDN-based load balancing for multi-path TCP

In this paper, a novel load-balancing technique for local or metro-area traffic is proposed in mesh-style topologies. The technique uses Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture with virtual local area network (VLAN) setups typically seen in a small-to-medium enterprise networks. This was done to provide a possible solution for the load-balancing dilemma of congestion and under-utilization of network links. The transport layer protocol Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) coupled with IP aliasing is used, which enables formation of multiple subflows depending on the availability of IP addresses at either ends and helps to divert traffic in the subflows across all available paths. The traffic formed of each subflow would be forwarded across the network based on Hamiltonian ‘paths’ that are created in association with each ingress/egress switch directly connected to hosts. Our study shows the advantages of using MPTCP for load balancing purposes in SDN architectures and provides a platform for using VLANs, SDN, and MPTCP for traffic management.
Absence of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in germinal centers may set the stage for persistent infection

CD8+ T cells play an important role in controlling of HIV and SIV infections. However, these cells are largely excluded from B cell follicles where HIV and SIV producing cells concentrate during chronic infection. It is not known, however, if antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are excluded gradually as pathogenesis progresses from early to chronic phase, or this phenomenon occurs from the beginning infection. In this study we determined that SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were largely excluded from follicles during early infection, we also found that within follicles, they were entirely absent in 60% of the germinal centers (GCs) examined. Furthermore, levels of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in follicular but not extrafollicular areas significantly correlated inversely with levels of viral RNA+ cells. In addition, subsets of follicular SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were activated and proliferating and expressed the cytolytic protein perforin. These studies suggest that a paucity of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in follicles and complete absence within GCs during early infection may set the stage for the establishment of persistent chronic infection.
Top-bottom-tau Yukawa coupling unification in the MSSM plus one vectorlike family and fermion masses as IR fixed points

In the MSSM extended by a complete vectorlike family, precise top, bottom and tau Yukawa coupling unification can be achieved assuming SUSY threshold corrections which are typical for comparable superpartner masses. Furthermore, the unification is possible with a large unified coupling, implying that all three fermion masses can be simultaneously close to their IR fixed points. Assuming unified Yukawa couplings of order one or larger, the preferred common scale of new physics (superpartners and vectorlike matter) is in the 3 TeV to 30 TeV range, with larger couplings favoring smaller scales. Splitting superpartner masses from masses of vectorlike fields, the preferred scales extend in both directions. The multi-TeV scale for superpartners is compatible with and independently suggested by the Higgs boson mass.
Virtual monitoring of suicide risk in the general hospital and emergency department.

Abstract Objective To determine whether continuous virtual monitoring, an intervention that facilitates patient observation through video technology, can be used to monitor suicide risk in the general hospital and emergency department (ED). Method This was a retrospective analysis of a protocol in which select patients on suicide precautions in the general hospital and ED received virtual monitoring between June 2017 and March 2018. The primary outcome was the number of adverse events among patients who received virtual monitoring for suicide risk. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of patients for whom virtual monitoring was discontinued for behavioral reasons and the preference for observation type among nurses. Results 39 patients on suicide precautions received virtual monitoring. There were 0 adverse events (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.000–0.090). Virtual monitoring was discontinued for behavioral reasons in 4/38 cases for which the reason for terminating was recorded (0.105, 95%CI = 0.029–0.248). We were unable to draw conclusions regarding preference for observation type among nurses due to a low response rate to our survey. Conclusions Suicide risk can feasibly be monitored virtually in the general hospital or ED when their providers carefully select patients for low impulsivity risk.
What Is Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare complication associated with high morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the fetus. AFLP typically occurs in the third trimester, between 30 and 38 weeks gestation. The etiology remains largely unknown but may be linked to long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) defects in both the mother and fetus, leading to buildup of toxic metabolites. Symptoms range from non-specific complaints such as anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting to symptoms of fulminant liver failure. Emergency department management is resuscitative, with definitive treatment being delivery of the fetus.
Multiple antibiotic resistance in fecal, cecal and colonic coliforms from pigs fed therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of chlortetracycline.

Multiple resistance and antibiotic resistance were examined in coliforms isolated at slaughter from the large intestines of two groups of growing pigs that had received antibiotic-free diets since weaning. One group of pigs was from an antibiotic-fed (AB) herd that routinely received chlortetracycline (CTC) in feed, while the other group was from a nonantibiotic-fed (NAB) herd that had not received antibiotics for 8 yr. After a 20-d adjustment period in a common production facility, the mean number of antibiotics in the resistant pattern of isolates from NAB pigs was found to be lower (P less than .05) than that in isolates from AB pigs. The proportions of isolates resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin and sulfamethizole were lower (P less than .05) in NAB pigs than in AB pigs. Similar herd differences were not observed after pigs from both herds were maintained in a common production facility on an antibiotic-free diet for 105 d. Oral administration of CTC at therapeutic (220 micrograms/g of diet) and at subtherapeutic (27.5 micrograms/g) levels for 14 d increased (P less than .05) the mean numbers of antibiotics in the resistance patterns of isolates from NAB pigs, but did not alter multiple resistance in isolates from AB pigs. After 14 d, subtherapeutic CTC increased the percentage of isolates resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and sulfamethizole, while therapeutic CTC only increased the percentage of isolates from NAB pigs resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and sulfamethizole. Similar antibiotic effects were not seen in isolates from AB pigs after 14 d and were not seen in isolates from either group of pigs at the end of an 85-d feeding trial.
Lipidsynthese aus Glucose bei kohlenhydratinduzierter Hyperlipämie

Seit Ahrens und seine Mitarbeiter [1] zwei Formen der Hyperlipamie, eine fett- und eine kohlenhydratinduzierte Variante, beschrieben haben, wurden zahlreiche Versuche unternommen, die Pathogenese dieser Stoffwechselstorungen zu erklaren. Fur die relativ seltene fettinduzierte Hyperlipamie scheint ein Mangel an dem Enzym Lipoproteinlipase, d. h. also eine Storung der Fettklarung aus dem Plasma [2, 3], verantwortlich zu sein, soweit man dies aus der mangelhaften Enzymeinschwemmung in das Plasma nach Injektion von Heparin in vivo oder aus in vitro-Untersuchungen des Enzyms im Fettgewebe schliesen kann. Open image in new window Abb. 1 Der Einbau von 14C aus Glucose-1-14C in Plasmatriglyceride bei kohlenhydratinduzierter Hyperlipamie
Severe acne and risk of breast cancer

Hormonal imbalance early in life is thought to be associated with breast cancer risk. Severe acne may arise from hormonal imbalance and could serve as an indicator of increased breast cancer risk. We explored whether severe acne was associated with incident breast cancer. We used data from the Sister Study, a large (n = 50,884) prospective cohort of women who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer, but who were free of breast cancer themselves at baseline. Participants completed a structured questionnaire that included demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history, including any diagnosis of severe acne. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of severe acne and breast cancer (invasive disease or ductal carcinoma in situ). During an average of 8.4 years of follow-up, 3049 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Ever being diagnosed with severe acne was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.98, 1.54), particularly in women who were diagnosed prior to age 18 years (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.04, 1.90). Results were similar when limited to invasive cancers. Our study supports a non-significant positive association between severe acne—a potential marker of hormonal imbalance—and breast cancer risk. These findings suggest that severe acne, when considered along with other risk factors, could help to identify women who may be at a higher risk of breast cancer.
Psychodynamic principles in attachment-based family therapy

Abstract Attachment-based family therapy is an empirically supported manualized treatment that was developed to reduce depression and suicide ideation in adolescents and young adults. This process-oriented, trauma-informed approach aims to identify and resolve family conflicts that have damaged trust between parents and adolescents. Attachment theory provides the theoretical framework that guides specific stages of the treatment course. Five treatment tasks provide structure and scaffolding that keep the treatment focused on attachment and brief in its delivery. Although this is a family systems therapy, several modern psychodynamic attachment-based principles characterize some of the hypothesized treatment mechanisms. These include coherent attachment narratives, reflective functioning, and goal-corrected partnership. The chapter provides an overview of the theory, treatment structure, and core mechanisms of change; 20 years of empirical research; and a case study demonstrating the treatment approach.
Nitrogen Incorporation Induced Soft-to-Hard Transition Observed in the Mechanical Properties of Amorphous Niobium Oxide Films

The article covers the nitrogen incorporation induced transformation of mechanical behavior of the amorphous Nb-oxide films. Niobium oxynitride (Nb-O-N) films were sputter-deposited using a metallic Nb target in the presence of oxygen and nitrogen. The nitrogen concentration in the Nb-O-N films was varied by adjusting the nitrogen gas flow rate from 0 sccm to 10 sccm while keeping total gas flow (nitrogen + oxygen + argon) constant at 30 sccm. The surface and interface chemical characterization of the samples indicate that, with increasing the nitrogen content, the corresponding mechanical characteristics, namely, hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E), increase from ~ 5 GPa to 15 GPa and 115 GPa to 135 GPa, respectively. The trend observed in H and E values correlates with Nb-O and Nb-N bond formation in Nb-O-N as evidenced in chemical analyses made using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical composition measurements indicate that nitrogen incorporation proceeds with a decrease in relative oxygen content in Nb-O-N films, where the ability to withstand mechanical deformation is enhanced. A correlation between the processing conditions, nitrogen content, and physical/mechanical properties in Nb-O-N films is established.
Placement of Gastric Electrical Stimulator

This chapter describes surgical procedure for the placement of gastric electrical stimulator (temporary and permanent types) as performed by the following approaches: endoscopic, open, and laparoscopic. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: abdominal access, lead positioning, and securement.
Thallium strontium iodide: A high efficiency scintillator for gamma-ray detection

Abstract Europium-doped TlSr2I5 (TSI), a new high light yield scintillator for gamma-ray detection, has been grown by the vertical Bridgman method. A 12 mm and 16 mm diameter boules of TSI is grown in a two-zone vertical furnaces. Samples extracted from the grown boule have been characterized for their scintillation properties. Energy resolution of
Structure and Change in the Field of Mid-Twentieth Century Human Scientists in Sweden

Geometric data analysis (GDA) is a generally accepted method for empirical investigations of the structures of social fields. Building on recent developments among scholars who combine the concepts of capital and field with GDA, this chapter contributes to this literature by analysing stability and change in the structure of the field of mid-twentieth century human scientists in Sweden. It does so by using a prosopography of all human scientists who held some kind of position at Swedish universities and university colleges in 1945 and 1965, comparing the structures of the field at these two points in time. A specific multiple correspondence analysis is used to explore the distribution of career patterns and resources in the human sciences, conceived of as a relatively autonomous subsystem of the university field and the scientific field. This period saw an increasing number of people and disciplines being established at universities and university colleges. Results suggest that the main differentiating principle in this field (having more or fewer accumulated resources) remained stable whereas individual researchers shifted positions over time as they accumulated more resources. These patterns of structural stability and individual mobility can often be presumed when comparing two cross-sections at two separate points in time, at least when the individual properties being compared are indicators of resources one accumulates over time.
Non-Invasive Evaluation of a Carotid Arterial Pressure Waveform Using Motion-Tolerant Ultrasound Measurements During the Valsalva Maneuver

This work details the non-invasive evaluation of a carotid arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform during the Valsalva maneuver. Unfocused and wide acoustic beams are insonated on the carotid artery to achieve motion-tolerant measurements with a simple two-element ultrasound scanner. Arterial flow and distension waveforms are reliably estimated from spectral Doppler and M-mode ultrasound images whose qualities are consistently maintained in different phases of the maneuver despite possible displacements of the artery. A local pulse wave velocity is estimated using a flow-area method, and it is then combined with the distension waveform to produce the ABP waveform. Human subject validation on seven healthy subjects shows that the bias in pulse pressure estimates across subjects is 0.47 $\pm$ 13.1 mmHg. The average root mean square deviations of the ultrasonically measured waveform across subjects is 10.1 $\pm$ 2.43 mmHg, excluding the strain phase of the Valsalva maneuver, and 17.7 $\pm$ 6.30 mmHg in all phases. The mean correlation coefficient between the ultrasonically measured and reference waveform is calculated to be 0.92 $\pm$ 0.04 across subjects. Detailed morphological features and their changes across different phases are observed as reported. This uninterrupted central ABP waveform monitoring under hemodynamics changes supports the idea of a novel stress test to evaluate the health and dynamics of the cardiovascular system at a spot check in clinical settings.
Abstract 1574: The role of human cerebrospinal fluid in glioblastoma malignancy

Glioblastoma (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and devastating primary cancer of the central nervous system in adults. Despite the most advanced therapeutic strategies combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, survival expectancy of GBM patients averages 14 months, with a recurrence rate of almost 100%. Remarkably, tumor location has great implications in the prognosis of GBM. Approximately 50-60% of GBM tumors infiltrates or contacts the subventricular zone (SVZ). These patients have significantly worse outcomes, in terms of median overall survival, time to progression and reoccurrence. The reason for the worse prognosis of SVZ-infiltrating tumors is unknown. The SVZ is the largest neurogenic niche in the adult brain, here the differentiation and migration of SVZ cells is regulated by direct contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We suggest that CSF contribute to enhance GBM malignant characteristics in SVZ-infiltrating tumors. This study evaluated the impact of CSF exposure on GBM cells proliferation, migration in vitro and in vivo, as well as changes in gene expression profile. We demonstrated that CSF affects the malignancy of GBM cells by increasing their ability to proliferate and migrate. GBM cells stimulated with cancer CSF, non-cancer CSF, or control conditions at different time points (24-72 hrs) were evaluated for viability (by Alamar Blue assay) and proliferation rate (Ki67+ immunostaining), as well as for migratory capabilities (by means of transwell assay and time-lapse microscopy). We recapitulated these CSF effects in vivo using an in vivo model in which both female and male nude mice were implanted with GBM cells in suspension with human cancer or non-cancer CSF in an hydrogel as vehicle (n=8 mice per group). Tumor growth was followed via IVIS imaging and then studied by measuring tumor area on HE 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1574.