cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Will This Paper Increase Your h-index?

A widely used measure of scientific impact is citations. However, due to their power-law distribution, citations are fundamentally difficult to predict. Instead, to characterize scientific impact, we address two analogous questions asked by many scientific researchers: "How will my h-index evolve over time, and which of my previously or newly published papers will contribute to it?" To answer these questions, we perform two related tasks. First, we develop a model to predict authors' future h-indices based on their current scientific impact. Second, we examine the factors that drive papers—either previously or newly published—to increase their authors' predicted future h-indices. By leveraging relevant factors, we can predict an author's h-index in five years with an R2 value of 0.92 and whether a previously (newly) published paper will contribute to this future h-index with an F1 score of 0.99 (0.77). We find that topical authority and publication venue are crucial to these effective predictions, while topic popularity is surprisingly inconsequential. Further, we develop an online tool that allows users to generate informed h-index predictions. Our work demonstrates the predictability of scientific impact, and can help researchers to effectively leverage their scholarly position of "standing on the shoulders of giants."
Effects of Maternal Dietary Zinc on Growth and Mitogenic Responsiveness in Suckling Mice

The effects of varied levels of maternal dietary zinc on growth and immunological development of suckling A/J mice were studied. From 5 days postpartum, lactating dams were fed biotin-fortified egg-white diets containing the following levels of zinc: 1.6 microgram/g (low zinc), 3.6 microgram/g (intermediate zinc), 5.8 microgram/g (moderate zinc) and 30 microgram/g (control). At 17 days of age, low zinc pups exhibited reduced body weight gain (70%), smaller thymuses and spleens, and reduced splenocyte numbers (18%). Intermediate zinc pups had normal body weights but slightly reduced spleens and thymuses; moderate zinc pups were unaffected. Since suckling mice are not fully immunocompetent, splenic mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and dextran sulfate (Dx) were used to evaluate the status of various lymphocyte subpopulations. Neonates from the low zinc group gave no Con A response and limited responses to LPS and PWM (50%). Intermediate zinc pups responded satisfactorily to all mitogens except LPS (64%); moderate zinc pups responded normally. It was concluded that 5.8 microgram/g maternal dietary zinc, fed day 5-17 postpartum, is adequate for normal neonatal growth and mitogenic responses. Conversely, 1.6 microgram Zn/g caused neonatal growth retardation and reduced mitogenic responses without excessive mortality.
The p53 functional circuit.

The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a critical role in safeguarding the integrity of the genome. p53 is mutated or part of its regulatory circuit is functionally inactivated in almost all cancers, which highlights its importance in preventing tumorigenesis. The p53 protein is a
Chest pain in patients with isolated pulmonic stenosis.

Chest pain like angina pectoris has been described in patients with pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale but its origin is obscure. In this article 5 patients are reported with isolated pulmonic stenosis and chest pain. On the basis of the clinical, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and pathologic findings the authors conclude that the chest pain is caused by ischemia of the right ventricular myocardium due to increased work and reduced coronary flow to the right ventricle.
Aneuploidy, polyploidy and ploidy reversal in the liver

Polyploidy has been described in the liver for over 100 years. The frequency of polyploid hepatocytes varies by age and species, but up to 90% of mouse hepatocytes and approximately 50% of human hepatocytes are polyploid. In addition to alterations in the entire complement of chromosomes, variations in chromosome copy number have been recently described. Aneuploidy in the liver is pervasive, affecting 60% of hepatocytes in mice and 30-90% of hepatocytes in humans. Polyploidy and aneuploidy in the liver are closely linked, and the ploidy conveyor model describes this relationship. Diploid hepatocytes undergo failed cytokinesis to generate polyploid cells. Proliferating polyploid hepatocytes, which form multipolar spindles during cell division, generate reduced ploidy progeny (e.g., diploid hepatocytes from tetraploids or octaploids) and/or aneuploid daughters. New evidence suggests that random hepatic aneuploidy can promote adaptation to liver injury. For instance, in response to chronic liver damage, subsets of aneuploid hepatocytes that are differentially resistant to the injury remain healthy, regenerate the liver and restore function. Future work is required to elucidate the mechanisms regulating dynamic chromosome changes in the liver and to understand how these processes impact normal and abnormal liver function.
The Inheritance of Certain Characters Affecting Egg Quality

Abstract THE possible inheritance of egg quality was recognized by Benjamin (1914) when he wrote “certain hens probably have an inherited tendency to produce eggs of inferior quality.” With regard to interior quality, Holst and Almquist (1931) presented evidence that percentage of firm white in the egg is a characteristic dependent on the individual hen. Lorenz, Taylor, and Almquist (1934) illustrated this individuality further and demonstrated the inheritance of this character. They suggested that factors for low percentage of firm white were dominant to those for high percentage of firm white. This paper presents additional evidence on this point as well as data indicating a genetic basis for other characters affecting interior egg quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS The birds used were S.C. White Leghorns of the Cornell Experiment Station flock, and were fed and managed under uniform conditions. An all-mash ration was used. The determinations for these characters in the eggs . . .
Bayesian inference on order-constrained parameters in generalized linear models.

SUMMARY. In biomedical studies, there is often interest in assessing the association between one or more ordered categorical predictors and an outcome variable, adjusting for covariates. For a k-level predictor, one typically uses either a k - 1 degree of freedom (df) test or a single df trend test, which requires scores for the different levels of the predictor. In the absence of knowledge of a parametric form for the response function, one can incorporate monotonicity constraints to improve the efficiency of tests of association. This article proposes a general Bayesian approach for inference on order-constrained parameters in generalized linear models. Instead of choosing a prior distribution with support on the constrained space, which can result in major computational difficulties, we propose to map draws from an unconstrained posterior density using an isotonic regression transformation. This approach allows flat regions over which increases in the level of a predictor have no effect. Bayes factors for assessing ordered trends can be computed based on the output from a Gibbs sampling algorithm. Results from a simulation study are presented and the approach is applied to data from a time-to-pregnancy study.
Percolation of a collection of finite random walks: a model for gas permeation through thin polymeric membranes

Motivated by recent studies of gas permeation through polymer networks, we consider a collection of ordinary random walks of fixed length l, placed randomly on the bonds of a square lattice. These walks model polymers, each with l segments. Using computer simulations, we find the critical concentration of occupied bonds (i.e., the critical occupation probability) for such a network to percolate the system. Though this threshold decreases monotonically with l, the critical “mass” density, defined as the total number of segments divided by total number of bonds in the system, displays a more complex behavior. In particular, for fixed mass densities, the percolation characteristics of the network can change several times, as shorter polymers are linked to form longer ones.
Public Schools as Public Infrastructure: Roles for Planning Researchers

Our nation’s public schools are important elements of public social and physical infrastructure. The quality of cities depends on the quality of schools. Likewise, the quality of schools depends on the quality of cities. This article is focused on looking at our public schools as public infrastructure, particularly in the context of inner cities and older suburbs. The article argues that there is a profound and detrimental “cities and schools disconnect,” and as a field, planning has virtually ignored our public schools. City planning scholars need to increase their engagement with public schools and school facilities and think more critically about how development and redevelopment decisions ultimately impact our public schools.
Atomic structures and function of periplasmic receptors for active transport and chemotaxis

Abstract Well refined very-high-resolution structures of seven receptors that serve as primary components of bacterial active transport have provided a detailed new understanding of the atomic interactions associated with the specific recognition and binding of a variety of substances such as sulfate, phosphate, leucine, monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Irrespective of the nature of the ligands, hydrogen bonds play a key and dominant role in molecular recognition and interactions. It is notable that no salt linkages, counterions or water molecules are associated with the bound charged ligands. These findings have important ramifications in several biological processes, notably active transport, rapid ion movement, and enzyme catalysis.
Accumulation and Elimination of Pentachlorophenol by the Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus

Abstract The toxicity, accumulation, and elimination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were investigated for the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus. The 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC50) was 0.3 ± 0.04 mg PCP/liter. Fish exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.1 mg/liter) accumulated PCP in various tissues from 10 to 350 times the ambient concentration. The liver had the greatest concentration followed by the digestive tract, gills, and muscle. Upon removal frown PCP-containing water the contaminated fish rapidly eliminated PCP. Residues ranging from 0.03 to 0.6 ppm were still detectable, however, 16 days after fish were placed into a clean environment.
Geospatial Data Curation at the University of Idaho

The management and curation of digital geospatial data has become a central concern for many academic libraries. Geospatial data is a complex type of data critical to many different disciplines, and its use has become more expansive in the past decade. The University of Idaho Library maintains a geospatial data repository called the Interactive Numeric and Spatial Information Data Engine for Idaho (INSIDE Idaho) to support the land-grant research and outreach mission of the university. INSIDE Idaho-enabled research projects show that curating geospatial data requires a flexible, continuing partnership with researchers. First, changing access formats and data publishing protocols lead to cases in which the data are frequently disseminated in new ways. Second, researchers’ changing expectations about data reuse, as well as their own practices, require a repository to be both responsive and communicative. A strong curatorial process involves enabling new research and applications to be developed from the rep...
Civil Society and Sustainable Cities

In the modern American city, who determines environmental policy? Cities have undergone fundamental change in both their economies and populations. In terms of political forces, our expectation is ...
Adaptive-optic system requirements to mitigate aero-optical aberrations as a function of viewing angle

A comparison between the spatial and temporal requirements for designing adaptive-optic correction systems for aero-optical turbulence over the pupil of a turret on the side of an airborne platform is presented. These systems are necessary to mitigate the deleterious aero-optic effects on an optical beam and to reopen the field of regard. The derived technique makes use of the two-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition to characterize the spatial and temporal frequencies of in-flight measured data from the Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory. For this study, 13 different viewing angles, which represent various flow topologies around the airborne turret, were chosen. The paper concludes with a discussion that points out the usefulness of the derived technique in characterizing the aero-optical disturbances of various aero-optical environments at different viewing angles and different turret configurations.
The simpler syntax hypothesis

What roles do syntax and semantics have in the grammar of a language? What are the consequences of these roles for syntactic structure, and why does it matter? We sketch the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis, which holds that much of the explanatory role attributed to syntax in contemporary linguistics is properly the responsibility of semantics. This rebalancing permits broader coverage of empirical linguistic phenomena and promises a tighter integration of linguistic theory into the cognitive scientific enterprise. We suggest that the general perspective of the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis is well suited to approaching language processing and language evolution, and to computational applications that draw upon linguistic insights.
Strong subunit coordination drives a powerful viral DNA packaging motor

Terminase enzymes are viral motors that package DNA into a preformed capsid and are of interest both therapeutically and as potential nano-machines. The enzymes excise a single genome from a concatemeric precursor (genome maturation) and then package the duplex to near-crystalline density (genome packaging). The functional motors are oligomers of protomeric subunits and are the most powerful motors currently known. Here, we present mechanistic studies on the terminase motor from bacteriophage λ. We identify a mutant (K76R) that is specifically deficient in packaging activity. Biochemical analysis of this enzyme provides insight into the linkage between ATP hydrolysis and motor translocation. We further use this mutant to assemble chimeric motors with WT enzyme and characterize the catalytic activity of the complexes. The data demonstrate that strong coordination between the motor protomers is required for DNA packaging and that incorporation of even a single mutant protomer poisons motor activity. Significant coordination is similarly observed in the genome maturation reaction; however, although the motor is composed of a symmetric tetramer of protomers, the maturation complex is better described as a “dimer-of-dimers” with half-site reactivity. We describe a model for how the motor alternates between a stable genome maturation complex and a dynamic genome packaging complex. The fundamental features of coordinated ATP hydrolysis, DNA movement, and tight association between the motor and the duplex during translocation are recapitulated in all of the viral motors. This work is thus of relevance to all terminase enzymes, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Instant IDEs: supporting new languages in the CDT

While Eclipse has greatly simplified the task of creating integrated development environments, creating a full-featured IDE can still take years. Fortunately, for a large category of languages---those that can be compiled with make and debugged with gdb---the task can be simplified greatly. By leveraging proposed multilingual extensions to the Eclipse C/C++ Development Tool (CDT), a modest IDE can be created in far less time. As a proof of concept, we have extended the CDT to support a gcc-based toy language (Eightbol); with the multilingual extensions in place, the Eightbol support code can be rewritten in its entirety in less than an hour. The same extensions have been used to implement version 3.0 of Photran, a full-featured IDE for Fortran.This work is being funded by IBM under the PERCS project.
Magmatic and hydromagmatic conduit development during the 1975 Tolbachik Eruption, Kamchatka, with implications for hazards assessment at Yucca Mountain, NV

Abstract Xenoliths in pyroclastic fall deposits from the 1975 Tolbachik eruption constrain the timing and development of subsurface conduits associated with basaltic cinder cone eruptions. The two largest Tolbachik vents contain xenoliths derived from magmatic and hydromagmatic processes, which can be correlated with observed styles of eruption activity. Although many basaltic eruptions progress from early hydromagmatic activity to late magmatic activity, transient hydromagmatic events occurred relatively late in the 1975 eruption sequence. Magmatic fall deposits contain 0.01–0.3 vol.% xenoliths from 500 m depth into the dry-out zone around the conduit, disrupting and ejecting 10 5 –10 6 m 3 of wall-rock through hydromagmatic processes with conduits widening to 8–48 m. Hydromagmatic falls contain 60–75 vol.% of highly fragmented xenoliths, with juvenile clasts displaying obvious magma-water interaction features. During the largest hydromagmatic event, unusual breccia-bombs formed containing a wide range of fresh and pyrometamorphic xenoliths suspended in a quenched basaltic matrix. Hydromagmatic activity during the 1975 Tolbachik eruption occurred below likely fragmentation depths for a basalt containing 2.2 wt.% magmatic water. This activity is more likely related to conduit-wall collapse rather than variations in conduit-flow pressure. In contrast, larger volume silicic eruptions may have transient hydromagmatic events in response to conduit flow dynamics above the magma fragmentation depth. The 1975 Tolbachik volcanoes are reasonably analogous to Quaternary basaltic volcanoes in the Yucca Mountain region and can guide interpretations of their poorly preserved deposits. The youngest basaltic volcanoes near Yucca Mountain have cone deposits characterized by elevated xenolith abundances and distinctive xenolith breccia-bombs, remarkably similar to 1975 Tolbachik deposits. Extrapolation of 1975 Tolbachik data suggests conduits for some Yucca Mountain basaltic volcanoes may have widened locally on the order of 50 m in response to late-stage hydromagmatic events.
Effects of a Permeable Friction Course on Highway Runoff

This project documents the impact of a porous asphalt overlay on the quality and quantity of highway storm-water runoff. A permeable friction course, also known as open graded friction course, is a layer of porous asphalt approximately 50 mm thick, which is often applied on top of conventional asphalt or concrete highways to enhance safety and reduce noise. Storm-water runoff from a four-lane divided highway in the Austin, Texas area was monitored at two sites before and after the installation of a PFC. Observed concentrations of total suspended solids and pollutants associated with particulate material were much lower in the runoff from the PFC than that derived from the conventional asphalt surface. Concentration reductions were observed for total suspended solids, total lead, total copper, and total zinc at both monitoring locations. In addition to the above-mentioned constituents, concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were also lower in the runoff from the PFC at a site collecting paired samples from both pavement types. Concentrations of dissolved constituents were not significantly different and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were below the detection limit for both pavement types. The runoff coefficient for the PFC appears to be higher than for conventional pavements.
Design and Synthesis of Network-Forming Triblock Copolymers Using Tapered Block Interfaces.

We report a strategy for generating novel dual-tapered poly(isoprene-b-isoprene/styrene-b-styrene-b-styrene/methyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) [P(I-IS-S-SM-M)] triblock copolymers that combines anionic polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition click chemistry. The tapered interfaces between blocks were synthesized via a semibatch feed using programmable syringe pumps. This strategy allowed us to manipulate the transition region between copolymer blocks in triblock copolymers, providing control over the interfacial interactions in our nanoscale phase-separated materials independent of molecular weight and block constituents. Additionally, we show the ability to retain a desirous and complex multiply continuous network structure (alternating gyroid) in our dual-tapered triblock material.
Basicity of siloxanes, alkoxysilanes and ethers toward hydrogen bonding

Abstract Thermodynamic constants have been determined for hydrogen bonding of phenol to several siloxanes and alkoxysilanes, as well as to Me 3 SiSCMe 3 and Me 3 SiSSiMe 3 . Alkoxysilanes are slightly weaker bases toward phenol than the isostructural ethers. Unstrained siloxanes have low values of △ H for hydrogen bonding of 3.5–3.9 kcal/mol and are therefore distincatly weaker bases than either alkoxysilanes or ethers. Siloxanes with small SiOSi bond angles show increased basicity. Me 3 SiSCMe 3 (△ H 1.9 kcal/mol) and Me 3 SiSSiMe 3 (△ 0.8 kcal/mol) are markedly less basic than dialkyl sulfides. The results are discussed using a molecular orbital model.
Calretinin-immunoreactivity in vagal and glossopharyngeal sensory neurons of the rat: distribution and coexistence with putative transmitter agents

Immunoreactivity for the calcium binding protein, calretinin (calretinin-ir), was demonstrated in cell bodies of vagal and glossopharyngeal sensory ganglia (jugular, petrosal, and nodose ganglia) and in associated nerve fibers. In the jugular and petrosal ganglia, many calretinin-ir neurons were also immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. In the nodose ganglion, most of the calretinin-ir neurons lacked these peptides. None of the calretinin-ir neurons in these ganglia were also immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase.
Maternal Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy and Offspring Externalizing Behavioral Problems: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

A body of empirical research has revealed that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is related to a host of negative outcomes, including reduced cognitive abilities, later-life health problems, and childhood behavioral problems. While these findings are often interpreted as evidence of the causal role that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke has on human phenotypes, emerging evidence has suggested that the association between prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke and behavioral phenotypes may be spurious. The current analysis of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) revealed that the association between prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke and externalizing behavioral problems was fully accounted for by confounding factors. The implications that these findings have for policy and research are discussed.
Bandwidth allocation for fixed-priority-scheduled compositional real-time systems

Recent research in compositional real-time systems has focused on determination of a component's real-time interface parameters. An important objective in interface-parameter determination is minimizing the bandwidth allocated to each component of the system while simultaneously guaranteeing component schedulability. With this goal in mind, in this article, we explore fixed-priority schedulability in compositional setting. First we derive an efficient exact test based on iterative convergence for sporadic task systems scheduled by fixed-priority (e.g., deadline monotonic, rate monotonic) upon an explicit-deadline periodic (EDP) resource. Then we address the time complexity of the exact test by developing a fully-polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for allocating bandwidth to components. Our parametric algorithm takes the task system and an accuracy parameter e > 0 as input and returns a bandwidth which is guaranteed to be at most a factor (1 p e) times the optimal minimum bandwidth required to successfully schedule the task system. We perform thorough simulation over synthetically generated task systems to compare the performance of our proposed efficient-exact and the approximate algorithm and observe a significant decrease in runtime and a very small relative error when comparing the approximate algorithm with the exact algorithm and the sufficient algorithm.
Framing Animal Rights in the “Go Veg” Campaigns of U.S. Animal Rights Organizations

How much do animal rights activists talk about animal rights when they attempt to persuade America’s meat-lovers to stop eating nonhuman animals? This study serves as the basis for a unique evaluation and categorization of problems and solutions as framed by five major U.S. animal rights organizations in their vegan/food campaigns. The findings reveal that the organizations framed the problems as: cruelty and suffering; commodification; harm to humans and the environment; and needless killing. To solve problems largely blamed on factory farming, activists asked consumers to become “vegetarian” (meaning vegan) or to reduce animal product consumption, some requesting “humane” reforms. While certain messages supported animal rights, promoting veganism and respect for animals’ subject status, many frames used animal welfareideology to achieve rights solutions, conservatively avoiding a direct challenge to the dominant human/animal dualism. In support of ideological authenticity, this paper recommends that vegan campaigns emphasize justice, respect, life, freedom, environmental responsibility, and a shared animality.
Upper Limits for Condensed O2on Saturn's Icy Satellites and Rings

Abstract New 4800–7200 A spectra of Saturn's rings, and the icy saturnian satellites Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Iapetus, do not show the weak 5773 and 6275 A absorption bands due to high-density condensed O 2 that are seen, with a maximum depth of 1.8%, on Ganymede's trailing side. The 5773 A band depth must be ≤0.6% (and very probably ≤0.3%) on the rings, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and the trailing side of Iapetus, and ≤1.2% on the trailing side of Enceladus. The lack of detectable absorption does not rule out abundant O 2 molecules that are separated too well to produce these absorption bands. The observations show that the presence of O 3 , recently detected on Rhea and Dione (Noll et al. 1997b, Nature 388, 45–47), does not require the presence of detectable quantities of high-density O 2 . I discuss the implications of the new observations for models of O 2 formation on Ganymede.
Toxic and reproductive effects of the soluble organic fraction from diesel particulate emissions on the parasitoid wasp, Bracon hebetor☆

Abstract The soluble organic fraction of diesel particulate emissions was tested for physiological and genotoxic effects on the parasitoid wasp, Bracon hebetor . Adult female survival after topical treatment was significantly decreased at the higher concentrations of SOF. Daily egg production, a sensitive assay for genotoxic and physiological effects, was not significantly affected at any concentration. Egg hatchability on Days 1–5, representing vitellogenic oocytes at the time of treatment, was decreased, but this effect lacked consistency and dose dependence. An extensive dominant lethal test was performed with negative results. Possible explanations for these findings and comparisons with in vitro tests such as the Ames test and sister chromatid exchange are discussed.
Psychometric evaluation of the situation test of heterosocial skill

This study examined various psychometric properties of Forms A and B of the Situation Test, developed by Rehm and Marston (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1968, 37, 565–574) for the assessment of heterosocial skill and anxiety. A third test form composed of heterosocially irrelevant items was also examined for comparison purposes. Split-half, alternate-form, and interresponse consistency was determined for measures of skill, anxiety, response latency, and response duration. Differences across test forms on these measures were also investigated. Subsequently, criterion-related validity was examined relative to three criteria of heterosocial skill. Results indicated that two measures, anxiety and response duration, displayed adequate internal consistency, while that of skill and response latency was marginal. Interresponse consistency was moderately low for all three test forms. Comparisons of mean performances across forms revealed significant differences, with heterosocially irrelevant items appearing easier, in general, than the heterosocial items of Forms A and B. Lastly, significant predictions of peer-reported heterosocial behavior were obtained for all three test forms, but two self-report criteria were not found to be related to test behavior. Various implications of these findings are discussed.
Dietary antioxidant intake and cognitive performance in middle-aged adults

OBJECTIVE To assess the cross-sectional association of dietary and supplemental antioxidant (carotenoids, vitamins C and E) intake with cognitive function in 12 187 individuals, aged 48-67 years, participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. METHODS Dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins, as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and use of supplements were analysed in relation to the results of three cognitive tests, the delayed word recall test, the Wechsler adult intelligence scale, revised (WAIS-R) digit symbol subtest and the word fluency test. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates previously found to be associated with cognition in this sample, we found no consistent associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake or supplement use and any of the cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests little, if any, association between antioxidant vitamin intake and better cognitive function in middle-aged adults.
Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and triglyceride uptake in Zucker rats

To investigate the relationship between elevated adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and triglyceride uptake in Zucker obese rats, fed and 12 hour fasted female obese and lean Zucker rats were given intrajugular infusion of radio-labelled triglyceride and label clearance and uptake were examined over 35 minutes. In the fed state, obese rats showed more rapid clearance of the label from the bloodstream and, in both fed and fasted states, greater uptake into retroperitoneal and parametrical fat pads than lean rats. Obese rats showed proportionally less uptake into heart and liver. Regardless of feeding condition, obese rats exhibited elevations in adipose tissue LPL, which was significantly correlated with label uptake in adipose tissue. These results show that, in Zucker obese rats, elevated adipose tissue LPL is associated with increased adipose tissue triglyceride uptake. A preferential "shunting of calories" into adipose tissue, which is presumably mediated by LPL, could underlie the intractability of the Zucker obesity syndrome as well as the altered feeding behavior of Zucker obese rats.
Clinical Librarian Support for Rapid Review of Clinical Utility of Cancer Molecular Biomarkers

The clinical librarian used a restricted literature searching and quality-filtering approach to provide relevant clinical evidence for the use of cancer molecular biomarkers by institutional policy makers and clinicians in the rapid review process. The librarian-provided evidence was compared with the cited references in the institutional molecular biomarker algorithm. The overall incorporation rate of the librarian-provided references into the algorithm was above 80%. This study suggests the usefulness of clinical librarian expertise for clinical practice. The searching and filtering methods for high-level evidence can be adopted by information professionals who are involved in the rapid literature review.
Large-field laser holographic focusing schlieren system

A large-field laser holographic focusing schlieren system for high-speed flow visualization has been built and evaluated. This system is based on a recently improved large-field focusing schlieren technique and is combined with laser holography methods to record three-dimensional flows. A coordinated experimental and computational study of supersonic flows over wedge, cone, and sphere geometries was conducted to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the system. The ability of the system to focus on planes normal to its optical axis is demonstrated. The sharpness of focus of the present system was found to be limited. Issues regarding obtaining quantitative measurements of the density gradient are discussed.
We Spent a Million Bucks and Then We Had To Do Something: The Unexpected Implications of Industry Involvement in Trans Fat Research

Many scholars assume that industry meddles in scientific research in order to defend their products. But this article shows that industry meddling in science can have a variety of consequences. Ame...
Resection of Some—But Not All—Clinically Uninvolved Adjacent Viscera As Part of Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcomas

This issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology includes two retrospective studies evaluating aggressive surgery with wide margins (including resection of clinically uninvolved organs) in patients with primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. 1,2 These reports are thought provoking and should be carefully considered as we evaluate treatment options for patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas. Issues that warrant further discussion in interpreting these findings include the underlying hypothesis, methodologies used, and case selection. The underlying hypothesis behind both reports is that a surgical approach designed to achieve wide macroscopically negative surgical margins may lead to lower rates of microscopically positive surgical margins and presumably lower risks for local recurrence. In the retroperitoneal space, the only way to achieve this objective is to resect clinically uninvolved adjacent organs in an en-bloc fashion. In both studies, patients generally underwent resection of uninvolved ipsilateral kidney, colon, and/or psoas muscle. It is well accepted that the kidney and segments of the colon can usually be resected with relatively low morbidity and that the psoas muscle can be resected with low morbidity if care is taken to preserve the femoral nerve and its roots. However, retroperitoneal sarcomas are also often situated adjacent to other uninvolved retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal viscera (such as the pancreas, spleen, duodenum, and liver), large blood vessels (such as the inferior vena cava, aorta, and portal vein), and functionally significant muscles (such as the rectus abdominis and diaphragm). These adjacent viscera, vessels, and muscles can also be resected when they are clinically involved, but not without substantially greater risks for morbidity and death. The authors of the two retrospective reports did not perform routine resection of these other adjacent viscera, vessels, and muscles, even though these structures were likely just as close to the primary tumor as the colon, kidney, and psoas. Thus the approach of resecting uninvolved adjacent organs was used only selectively—some adjacent organs and muscles were resected en-bloc, but not all adjacent structures that affect final microscopic margins were resected. This is a critical point that is underemphasized in both articles. This strategy extends some, but likely not all, resection margins around sarcomas in the anatomically complex retroperitoneum—a fundamental limitation of the technique that makes it unlikely to confer a clinical benefit for many if not the majority of patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas. Both studies are retrospective and thus have limitations related to the methodology used. Bonvalot et al 2 abstracted data from operative reports, pathology reports, and other medical records of 382 patients who underwent surgery at an unspecified number of institutions
1134 HEPATIC NET GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND O 2 UPTAKE BEFORE AND AFTER FEEDING IN CONSCIOUS NEWBORN LAMBS

We determined hepatic arterial (QHA) and portal venous (Qpv) blood flows and calculated, utilizing the Fick principle, net hepatic glucose production (PGLUC), O2 delivery (DO2), O2 consumption (VO2), and O2 extraction (VO2/DO2), in 7 chronically catheterized lambs (9-15 d). Studies were done with the lambs fasted and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hr postprandially. We measured O2 contents (Lex-O2-Con), blood flows (radioactive microspheres), and glucose (glucose oxidase). The table indicates mean results. (* = significantly different from fasting) Our results show that the VO2 of the neonatal liver decreases postprandially. This decreased VO2 is associated with a decreased O2 extraction rather than a decrease in DO2 or hepatic blood flow. Since glucose production is increasing at a time when hepatic oxygen consumption is decreasing, these data indicate that hepatic metabolism shifts postprandially to less oxygen-dependent processes.
Studies on the relation of DNA synthesis to retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma cells☆

Inhibition of DNA synthesis in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells with high thymidine induces differentiation similar to that induced with retinoic acid (RA). The presence of differentiated cells is evident after 15 h of treatment with 2 mM thymidine, during which period DNA synthesis is inhibited 99%. The addition of RA during the period of high thymidine treatment does not increase the amount of differentiation seen at the end of the 15-h treatment, but does increase the amount seen after thymidine is removed. The inhibition of proliferation by low serum concentration does not induce differentiation in the absence of RA. In partially synchronized cultures of F9 cells, the addition of RA alters the pattern of DNA replication during the first third of S phase. If RA is present during this part of S phase, differentiation is evident both morphologically and biochemically during the following cell cycle. Addition of RA during the second half of S phase does not lead to obvious differentiation until after the next cell cycle. These results suggest that particular events during the early replication period of F9 cells are targets for RA action in induction of differentiation of F9 cells.
The maximum number of winning 2-sets

Abstract The winning t-set problem is the problem of choosing nonnegative real numbers x 1 ,…, x n , subject to x i ≤ a and ∑ x i = b , so as to maximize the number of t -sets I such that ∑ i ϵ I x i ≥1. For t = 2, the optimal nontrivial solutions use at most two distinct nonzero values, and the optimal values and multiplicites can be computed quickly from n, a, b . It is conjectured that the phenomenon of using at most two distinct nonzero values persists for t >2.
Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera aggregata) resistance in the leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata). II, Random matings of resistant lines to wild type

Evaluation de la persistance de la resistance a A. aggregata chez des individus de differentes generations issus des croisements de 3 differentes lignees de M. rotundata selectionnees pour cette resistance, avec le type sauvage, en fonction du taux d'infection et du nombre de masses polliniques
In‐vitro contractile response of the rabbit corpus cavernosa to field stimulation and autonomic agonists and antagonists: A qualitative study

Field stimulation of rabbit corporus cavernosum tissue strips can result in relaxation, contraction, or a biphasic response depending on the frequency and the power utilized. In this study we characterized the autonomic components of this response by exposing corporal tissue strips to a variety of autonomic agonists and antagonists including phentolamine, isoproterenol, methoxamine, propranolol, bethanechol, atropine, and ATP. Low frequency electrical field stimulation produced a bi-phasic response characterized by an initial relaxation followed by a contraction. High frequencies (≥ 32 Hz) produced contraction only. All responses were abolished by tetrodotoxin, indicating that both the contractile and relaxant responses to field stimulation are mediated by complex neural mechanisms. The initial relaxation response involves a combination of mediators which include musca-rinic cholinergic stimulation, purinergic, beta-adrenergic, and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) stimulation. The non-cholinergic contribution to corporal smooth muscle relaxation appeared to be approximately equal in significance to the cholinergically mediated relaxation. Beta adrenergic stimulation mediated a direct relaxation of the corporal smooth muscle. The contractile portion of the bi-phasic response was mediated by alpha-adrenergic stimulation. Additionally we have noted a rebound contraction following termination of field stimulation at all frequencies that is not affected by adrenergic or cholinergic blockade and may reflect the field-stimulated release of an endogenous smooth muscle contractile factor.
Deoxidation and Inclusion Control in Stainless Steel Refining

This paper analyzed the deoxidation principle of new-type compound deoxidizer, Si-Al-Fe alloy during stainless steel refining, summarized related studies on deoxidizer behavior, deoxidation products, alloying treatment by workers in the metallurgical in recent years, analyzed to solve a series of problems caused by deoxidation product with high melting point, and pointed out that it was a trend for large-scale production of "zero" inclusions steel or rendering inclusions harmless and functional.
FREEDOM OF SPEECH BIBLIOGRAPHY: JULY 1972-JUNE 1973 ARTICLES, BOOKS, AND COURT DECISIONS

(1973). FREEDOM OF SPEECH BIBLIOGRAPHY: JULY 1972-JUNE 1973 ARTICLES, BOOKS, AND COURT DECISIONS. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 87-106.
Remarks on Discrete and Continuous Large-Scale Models of DNA Dynamics

We present a comparison of the continuous versus discrete models of large-scale DNA conformation, focusing on issues of relevance to molecular dynamics. Starting from conventional expressions for elastic potential energy, we derive elastic dynamic equations in terms of Cartesian coordinates of the helical axis curve, together with a twist function representing the helical or excess twist. It is noted that the conventional potential energies for the two models are not consistent. In addition, we derive expressions for random Brownian forcing for the nonlinear elastic dynamics and discuss the nature of such forces in a continuous system.
Consolidating Risk Estimates for Radiation-Induced Complications in Individual Patient: Late Rectal Toxicity

Purpose: To test the feasibility of a new approach to synthesize published normal tissue complication data using late rectal toxicity in prostate cancer as an example. Methods and Materials: A data survey was performed to identify the published reports on the dose-response relationships for late rectal toxicity. The risk estimates for Grade 1 or greater, Grade 2 or greater, and Grade 3 or greater toxicity were obtained for a test cohort of patients treated at our institution. The influence of the potential factors that might have affected the reported toxicity levels was investigated. The studies that did not conform to the general data trends were excluded, and single, combined risk estimates were derived for each patient and toxicity level. Results: A total of 21 studies of nonoverlapping patient populations were identified. Three studies provided dose-response models for more than one level of toxicity. Of these 21 studies, 6, 14, and 5 were used to derive the initial risk estimates for Grade 1, 2, and 3 or greater toxicity, respectively. A comparison of risk estimates between the studies reporting rectal bleeding and rectal toxicity (bleeding plus other symptoms) or between studies with follow-up =}36 months did not revealmore » significant differences (p {>=} .29 for all comparisons). After excluding three reports that did not conform to the general data trends, the combined risk estimates were derived from 5 reports (647 patients), 11 reports (3,369 patients), and 5 reports (1,330 patients) for Grade 1, 2, and 3 or greater toxicity, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed approach is feasible and allows for more systematic use of published dose-response data to estimate the complication risks for the individual patient.« less
Heat Capacity and Resistivity Anomalies in Palladium Hydride

A RECENT paper on the electrical resistivity (ρ) of solutions of hydrogen in palladium1 records maxima at 43° K. and 52° K. for the compositions (hydrogen/palladium) 0.60 and 0.54 respectively, whereas there is a linear fall of ρ when the hydrogen/palladium ratio is 0.48. A reproduction of the curves of ρ versus T by Schindler et al. is shown in Fig. 1. The maximum is evident in the graphs for the composition 0.60, but not for the composition 0.54; however, the authors state that for this composition there is a definite maximum in the points at the lower temperatures.
Finding Joy in Teaching Students of Diverse Backgrounds: Culturally Responsive and Socially Just Practices in U.S. Classrooms by Sonia Nieto. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. © 2013. 179 pages. ISBN: 978-0325027159.

Diversity in schools is often cast as a challenge to be overcome rather than a strength to be affirmed. A dominant narrative asks whether a largely white teaching force can adequately meet the need...
What forgetting tells us about remembering: The influence of top–down control on hemispheric asymmetries in verbal memory

It has been suggested that left hemisphere (LH) advantages in verbal processing is due to superior top-down control of verbal information. It is not clear how top-down mechanisms affect the encoding and retrieval of verbal information from hemispheric memory and whether they only influence activation or also encompass the inhibition of verbal information. The directed forgetting method, in conjunction with divided visual field presentation, was used to examine the influence of top-down control mechanisms on hemispheric asymmetries in verbal memory. Participants were cued to remember or forget words. Cues were presented either simultaneously with targets or after a short delay. A recognition memory test using divided visual field presentation was then given. Response times (RTs) revealed effects of cue timing in the LH. With simultaneous cues, RTs were faster to "Remember" words compared to "Forget" words. With delayed cues, RTs for "Remember" and "Forget" words were equivalent. In the right hemisphere (RH), "Remember" words were consistently faster than "Forget" words, regardless of cue timing. These data provide evidence that top-down mechanisms influenced LH verbal memory retrieval more than RH verbal memory retrieval. Finally, there was little evidence to suggest the hemispheres differ in inhibitory processing.
‘Radical Individualism’ vs. Institutionalism, II: Philosophical Dualisms as Apologetic Constructs Based on Obsolete Psychological Preconceptions

. David Seckler, in his study of Veblen and the institutionalists, adopted a viewpoint which is a philosophical orientation least likely to enable him to know what Veblen and the institutionalists “really mean.” He accepted a pantheon of philosophical dualisms—e.g., “Humanism” vs. “behaviorism,”“normative” vs. “positive”— which Veblen and his followers reject, and particularly Mises's “methodological dualism” which would make science the study of ideal type individual actions instead of an experimental effort to understand the social processes of “cumulative causation” as they are found in the real world. Seckler's reliance on these obsolete psychological preconceptions of “radical individualism” causes him to neglect the powerful normative elements of Veblen's work. Yet it is precisely Veblen's normative methodology that gives rise to the “institutional dichotomy” in contemporary institutionalist thought.