cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Mainstream and BDSM Sexual Practices and Their Relation to Interviewer Behavior: an Analogue Study

The present study examined participants’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward mainstream and BDSM (bondage and discipline/dominance and submission/sadism and masochism) sexual terms using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) and several questionnaires and investigated the relationship between scores on these measures and participant behavior toward a BDSM-labeled and a non-BDSM-labeled confederate during an interviewing task. Twenty-one participants, who were either graduate psychology students or practicing clinicians, completed the study. Results were consistent with previous research (Stockwell, Walker, & Eshleman, The Psychological Record, 60(2), 307–324, 2010) in that responses on both the IRAP and Visual Analogue Scales showed an acceptance of mainstream sexual terms and unfavorable responding to BDSM terms; in contrast, Likert-scale questionnaire responses generally reflected favorable attitudes toward people who practice BDSM. IRAP scores were positively correlated with differences in smiling across the two interview conditions; that is, participants with anti-BDSM responding on the IRAP smiled significantly less while interviewing the BDSM-labeled confederate than when they interviewed the non-BDSM confederate. No other differences in interviewing behavior were observed or correlated with IRAP responding, suggesting that implicit attitudes may not be a reliable predictor of participant behavior during interviews of individuals labeled as practicing BDSM.
Abstract TP29: Benefit of Intravenous Alteplase Prior to Mechanical Thrombectomy of Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke

Purpose: Intravenous alteplase (IV-tPA) in combination with mechanical thrombectomy is the current standard treatment for ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). IV-tPA has poor revasc...
C-Mine: Data Mining of Logic Common Cases for Improved Timing Error Resilience with Energy Efficiency

The better-than-worst-case (BTW) design methodology can achieve higher circuit energy efficiency, performance, or reliability by allowing timing errors for rare cases and rectifying them with error correction mechanisms. Therefore, the performance of BTW design heavily depends on the correctness of common cases, which are frequent input patterns in a workload. However, most existing methods do not provide sufficiently scalable solutions and also overlook the whole picture of the design. Thus, we propose a new technique, common-case mining method (C-Mine), which combines two scalable techniques, data mining and Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving, to overcome these limitations. Data mining can efficiently extract patterns from an enormous dataset, and SAT solving is famous for its scalable verification. In this article, we present two versions of C-Mine, C-Mine-DCT and C-Mine-APR, which aim at faster runtime and better energy saving, respectively. The experimental results show that, compared to a recent publication, C-Mine-DCT can achieve compatible performance with an additional 8% energy savings and 54x speedup for bigger benchmarks on average. Furthermore, C-Mine-APR can achieve up to 13% more energy saving than C-Mine-DCT while confronting designs with more common cases.
Cyber acoustic analysis of additively manufactured objects

The potential for intellectual property theft has been shown in the additive manufacturing industry using acoustic side-channel attacks lately. This paper aims to discuss the rate of success for recreating the G-Code of an object from the acoustic features and further elaborates on regression model analysis that provides the G-Code. Acoustic and G-Code data was analyzed in a training phase and an attack phase. In the training phase, a supervised machine learning algorithm was trained using Python, which is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language. During the attack phase, the created algorithm was used to process new acoustic data and to reconstruct the G-Code. The accuracy of the classification models and the regression models were determined. The classification accuracy was determined with k-fold cross validation, and the regression model accuracy was determined by scoring the regression models within the algorithm. Although classification and regression algorithms developed showed promising results, lower model accuracy was observed when the X and Y motors moved together. In the future, the team hopes to further increase the model accuracy so that an unknown shape can be replicated successfully. While security measures for cyber-security have previously been investigated, very little research has considered acoustic side-channel attacks on their ability to reconstruct G-Code and steal intellectual property. The findings of this novel research project showed some promising preliminary results on a sample case study.
Hydrogen Donors in Zinc Oxide

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has emerged as a leading material for micro- and optoelectronic applications. Although the fabrication of ZnO, from nanocrystals to bulk single crystals, is well established, a major roadblock for fabricating optoelectronic devices is the lack of reliable p-type doping. The presence of compensating donors inhibits the growth of p-type ZnO. In this paper, studies pertaining to the microscopic structure and doping properties of hydrogen in ZnO are described. Results from infrared (IR) spectroscopy are consistent with a model where the hydrogen attaches to a host oxygen atom, in an anti-bonding orientation, which is not aligned along the c axis. These hydrogen complexes are unstable, however, perhaps due to the formation of H2 molecules.
On Nonparametric Multivariate Control Charts Based on Data Depth

Most traditional multivariate control charts for monitoring multiple process quality variables are designed and evaluated under the assumption that the process data follow a multivariate normal distribution with known covariance matrix. However, in many practical situations, this assumption of multivariate normality may not hold or may be difficult to verify. Recently, nonparametric Shewhart-type control charts that are based on the notion of simplicial data depth have been proposed for monitoring the locations and scales of multiple process variables. Although these Shewhart charts have potential for addressing the hard problem of multivariate nonparametric quality control, there exist some important unresolved issues with these charts. This paper investigates the effect of the size of the reference sample and the size of the subgroups on the statistical properties of Shewhart-type control charts that are based on simplicial data depth. The sizes of the reference sample and subgroups are the primary factors which determine whether these charts can be designed to achieve sufficiently large in-control average run lengths for
The Common Good of the Common Life Of the Godly Person of a Higher Order

The Husserlian social theory presented in this volume has parallels in the Western religious doctrines of monotheism, messianism, christology, and trinitarianism. In the first two sections we shall briefly contrast the functions of these doctrines in the establishment of the ideal community with the proposed Husserlian theory. In each case, with the exception of the Trinity, one or more of these religious doctrines, i.e., the one God, the Messiah, and the Christ, serves as the necessary supplement for the ultimate ethical requirement and as a necessary condition for the universal mutuality of wills and the community of intentions, goals and goods. Everyone can exist intentionally in everyone else and each’s agency can be part of everyone else’s if and only if there is a universal Other or Someone who stands in the same relation to each as ideal, beloved, and agent. Each is loved more profoundly in the ideal Other because each’s true self is realized through its unity with this ideal beloved; each’s agency is unified in this ideal Other, the abiding attention by whom, and the abiding intention of whom, purifies, joins and sustains the manifolds of interactions of the universal community. The logical development of the ideal of a universal community, wherein each is for each and all and all are for each is toward a centering ideal, symbol or actuality wherein each is truly re-presented. This unique intentional ideal or “symbolic presence” re-presents the actually absent others and deepens the commitment to those who are present. In so far as this community is a particular community tied to universal historical humanity and is the vehicle of the realization, in some sense, of ultimate value, the universal ideal Other tends to be envisaged as the ultimate teleological and originating divine principle of the community.1
Toxin Production in Grass/Endophyte Associations

While the discovery that fungal endophytes were present in some pooid grass species was made at the turn of the 20th century (White et al. 1993), knowledge of their widespread distribution (Leuchtmann 1992; Chap. 12, Vol. V, Part B) and the ecological and evolutionary consequences for host and fungi (Clay 1994; Leuchtmann 1994; Schardl et al. 1994; Tsai et al. 1994; Chap. 14, Vol. V, Part B), as well as their impact on livestock production (Prestidge 1993; Strickland et al. 1993), is of more recent origin. The association of grasses with endophytes of the genus Epichloe has been shown to affect the growth and/or reproduction not only of mammalian herbivores, but also of insect herbivores (Latch 1993; Popay and Rowan 1994) and, to lesser extents, nematodes, (Latch 1993), plants (Petroski et al. 1990), and fungi (Guo et al. 1992; Gwinn and Gavin 1992). In many cases, the toxicity has been associated with specific secondary metabolites produced by grass/endophyte associations (symbiota). Additionally, endophyte compatibility and toxin production is under the influence of both host and fungal genomes (Leuchtmann 1992; Christensen et al. 1993; Leuchtmann and Clay 1993; Agee and Hill 1994; Roylance et al. 1994; Welty et al. 1994; Christensen 1995) as well as the environment (Agee and Hill 1994; Arechavaleta et al. 1992; Bacon 1993). These constraints upon toxin biosynthesis result in a wide spectrum of biological activity for symbiota and offer the opportunity for manipulation of the endophytes for improvement of the grasses when used in forage, turf, and soil conservation (Schardl 1994; Siegel and Bush 1994).
Memory, Place, and Mission in Hieronymus Natalis’ Evangelicae historiae imagines

Focusing on the prints that illustrate Hieronymus Natalis’s Adnotationes et meditationes in Evangelia of 1595 (Fig. 1), the most important Jesuit meditation text of the sixteenth century, I propose to examine how pictures of the Holy Land map the journeys of Christ, the Virgin, and their followers, whose itineraries the votary is invited to memorise and retrace.1 Addressed to Jesuit novitiates, Natalis’ text expounds the Evangelicae historiae imagines (Fig. 2), a series of 153 engravings that portray key events from the history of human salvation set forth in the liturgical Gospels of the church year. Whereas the adnotationes, expanding upon the composition of place central to Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual exercises, describe the sacred places through which holy persons passed at specified times, the meditationes, applying rhetorical devices such as hypotyposis and definitio per descriptionem, transform places and events into objects of contemplation that also function as vivid tropes for the kinds and degrees of contemplative prayer.
Should Quality be Designed in or Inspected in? A Cost-of-Quality Framework

A cost-of-quality framework is examined and adapted. Research findings reveal that a context-free prescription of designing in vis a vis inspecting in quality is not possible. Related findings show that partial acceptance sampling is optimal in some con..
Differential Variational Inequalities and Differential Nash Games

In this chapter we focus on extending the notion of a noncooperative Nash equilibrium to a dynamic, continuous-time setting. The dominant mathematical perspective we will employ is that of a differential variational inequality. In fact we shall see that many of the results obtained in the previous chapter for finite-dimensional variational inequalities and static games carry over with some slight modifications to the dynamic, continuous-time setting we now address.
Heterogeneity of Nicotine Actions in the Rat Cerebellum

In the peripheral autonomic nervous system (PNS), nicotine produces excitatory actions at autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction. The classic nicotinic (nondepolarizing) antagonists at these two sites are the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium and the neuromuscular blocker curare (Westfall 1982). Similar patterns of pharmacological specificity in the central nervous system (CNS) have not been clearly defined. A possible reason for the lack of adequate description of the actions of nicotine in the CNS is the poor specificity of the antagonists used in these studies. Snake toxins have been useful in the characterization of nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction, but it has been difficult to obtain similar evidence in central nervous tissue. For instance, the snake toxin alpha-Bungarotoxin (α-BTX) was failed to block the excitatory actions of acetylcholine (ACh) on Renshaw cells (Curtis and Ryall 1966), and the binding of α-BTX is poorly inhibited by hexamethonium in brain tissue (Schmidt 1977); these and other studies have raised questions about the functional relevance of the central binding sites for α-BTX.
Fetal neuromuscular blockade: effect on oxygen demand and placental transport.

To study mechanisms by which variations in fetal oxygen demand alter fetal oxygen saturation and PO2, we measured uterine and umbilical blood flow and transplacental oxygen diffusion rate in eight ...
Radiographic and Clinical Factors in Pediatric Patients With Surgical Small-bowel Intussusception.

Abstract Background When evaluating a pediatric patient with abdominal pain, identification of a small bowel–to–small bowel intussusception (SBI) on radiologic imaging can create a diagnostic dilemma. The clinical significance and need for surgical exploration of SBI is highly variable, as most of them are considered clinically insignificant. We hypothesize that combination of clinical and radiologic factors in an exclusively SBI population will yield factors that guide the clinician in making operative decisions. Methods A comprehensive database from a pediatric tertiary hospital was reviewed from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016, for any radiographic study mentioning intussusception. Results were reviewed for patients having only SBI (i.e., not ileocolic intussusception), and this comprised the study cohort. The electronic medical records for these patients were reviewed for clinical presentation variables, need for operative intervention, and identification of the intussusception during surgery. Patients with SBI due to enteral feeding tubes were excluded from the study. Results Within the study period, 139 patients were identified with an SBI on radiologic imaging. Univariate analysis yielded numerous clinical and radiologic factors highly predictive of the need for surgical intervention. However, upon multivariate analysis, only a history of prior abdominal surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 7.2; CI: 1.1-46.3), the presence of focal abdominal pain (OR: 22.1; CI: 4.2-116.3), and the intussusception length (cm; OR: 10.6; CI: 10.3-10.8) were correlated with the need for surgical intervention. Conclusions SBI is a disease process with a highly variable clinical significance. The presence of focal abdominal pain, a history of prior abdominal surgery, and the intussusception length are the greatest predictors of the need for operative intervention. Level of evidence Level II.
Imitating human movement using a measure of verticality to animate low degree-of-freedom non-humanoid virtual characters

Imitating human motion on robotic platforms is a task which requires ignoring some information about the original human mover as robots have fewer degrees of freedom than a human. In an effort to generate low degree of freedom motion profiles based on human movement, this paper utilizes verticality, computed from motion capture data, to animate virtual characters. After creating correspondences between the verticality metrics and the movement of three and four degree of freedom virtual characters, lay users were asked whether the imitation of the characters’ movements was effective compared to pseudo-random motion profiles. The results showed a statistically significant preference for the verticality method for the higher DOF character and for the higher DOF character over the lower DOF character. Future work includes extending the verticality method to more virtual characters and developing other methodologies of motion generation for users to evaluate a more diverse set of motion profiles. This work can help create automated protocols for replicating human motion, and intent, on artificial systems.
Low refractive index microfluidic device fabrication for quantitative phase imaging

The field of microfluidics provides a robust toolkit for biomedical applications such as disease diagnosis and drug discovery, especially when combined with advanced microscopy techniques. An important challenge facing the combination of microfluidic devices with quantitative microscopy techniques, such as quantitative phase imaging (QPI), is the mismatch in refractive index between channel structures and aqueous media. This mismatch can introduce artifacts at material interfaces due to scattering and, in the case of QPI, phase unwrapping. We will show that these issues can be addressed through the use of MY133-V2000, a UV-curable, fluorinated polymer with a low refractive index similar to water (n = 1.33). MY133-V2000 can be fabricated into microfluidic devices using standard soft lithography techniques based on an SU-8 or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold. The addition of fluorine reduces the overall polarizability of the material, lowering refractive index. However, this introduces a new challenge due to the typically low adhesion of fluorinated polymers. We will discuss device integration and packaging strategies to overcome this limitation. Using QPI, we will demonstrate measurement of the distribution of cell biomass in live, adherent cells, both in the center of the channel and at the interface with microchannel structures, to demonstrate the dramatic reduction in artifacts due to the matching indices of refraction. We will also discuss applications to other microscopy techniques, including fluorescence. MY133-V2000 therefore provides QPI researchers with the opportunity to leverage the advantages of microfluidics for a diverse range of biomedical applications.
Involvement of heavy metal ions in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma: experimental and epidemiologic evidence

86 Our studies on the role of reactive oxygen species in melanoma and the transcriptional response to redox stress has led us to reconsider the role of heavy metals, in conjuction with that of ultraviolet light, in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Electroparamagnetic resonance, electron microscopy and other experimental techniques suggest that metal ions promote the conversion of melanin pigments in melanocytes and melanoma cells from an anti-oxidant to a pro-oxidant status. We hypothesize that this conversion may be an early pathogenic event which is accompanied by melanosomal disruption and ultimately a source of free radical generation. Previous results from our groups has described high levels of endogenous oxidative stress in several melanoma cell lines, which cause a widespread adaptive response involving increase of a key multifunctional protein redox effector factor-1(also known as apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease) that facilitates reduction and DNA binding and subsequent activation of many transcription factors . The involvement of selected heavy metals may be critical to such a process, not only because of its mediated ROS generation, but also because of its potential to interfere with Ref-1 redox reduction activities as well as Ref-1 mediated DNA base excision repair. In a test of such a hypothetical activation, human melanocytes treated with Cu or Cd salts and ultraviolet light evidenced phenotypic changes that resemble dysplatic nevi melanocytes in culture. Also, a re-examination of the non-genetic risk factors for melanoma has identified a large and neglected epidemiology implicating heavy metal exposure. Markedly increased risks for melanoma have been found for populations exposed to heavy metals: printers/lithographers (4 large studies), electrical industry workers ( 3 large studies), and in long term follow-up of hip replacements patients ( 2 large Scandanavian cohorts and a meta-analyses of largely USA reports). Clinical observations (imaging studies) and studies that document the importance of metallothionein expression in primary melanoma and prognosis offers ancillary support for the involvement of metal ions in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Based on these considerations and the high affinity of melanin pigment for metal ions, we propose a significant contribution to the etiology and pathogenesis of melanoma by divalent Cu and Co. This remains to be definitively established.
Pinnacle Ultamet metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty survivorship: average 10-year follow-up.

Abstract Background It is unclear whether a connection exists between femoral head size, offset, neck length, and cup abduction angles, and rate of revision in metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) implant systems. Methods A retrospective review of MoM THA completed by a single surgeon with a single implant between 2003 and 2008 was conducted. Patient demographics, implant data, radiographs, and revision details were collected at follow-up. Incidence rates for revision and osteolysis were calculated in regard to the femoral head size, stem offset, neck length, and cup abduction angles. Results Six hundred and ninety two THAs were identified, with 79% of patients returning for a median follow-up of 10.3 years (interquartile range = 6.0-12.3). The median time to revision was 7.5 years (interquartile range = 5.3-9.9) among 27 total revision surgeries. The overall incidence rate of revision was 5.4 revisions per 1000 person-years, 3.0 revisions per 1000 person-years for adverse local tissue reaction. Hips with a cup abduction angle of ≤40° had revisions at nearly twice the rate of those with an angle of 41°-50° (incidence rate ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.92, 4.29). Hips with a 9 mm neck length had an increased rate of revision (incidence rate ratio = 5.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.33, 26.55) relative to those with a neck length of 0 mm. Rates of osteolysis were similar between implants of different head sizes, neck lengths and cup abduction angles. Conclusions MoM implant systems with longer necks and smaller cup abduction angles may lead to increased need for revision. Results from this study suggest a need for closer long-term follow-up of MoM THA systems.
Measuring the impact of epilepsy on families.

Abstract Objective Caring for a child with illness or a child with disability impacts family in various ways. The ability to assess the impact of this care on families is one way to proactively provide the necessary support and resources for impacted families. Accordingly, the goal of the current study was to assess the impact of pediatric epilepsy on individual families in a comprehensive epilepsy clinic using a slightly modified version of the Impact on Families Scale (IFS). Methods Families of patients with epilepsy completed the IFS up to three times. The IFS score and the six categories (i.e., total impact, financial impact, general impact, family/social impact, coping, and sibling impact) were assessed using Student's two sample t-test to determine the differences between binary groups and Pearson's correlation to assess the associations with continuous variables. Linear regression modeling was used to develop a model to predict IFS score. Results Three hundred and forty-one patients completed the scale at one time point, 314 at two time points, and 61 at three time points. The overall impact of epilepsy on families was 109 (95% confidence interval (CI): 106–112) at time point 1, 111 (95% CI: 108–114) at time point 2, and 112 (95% CI: 105–119) at time point 3. There was no statistical difference in IFS score among the three time points. There were no associations with age or gender. Multivariable modeling using stepwise regression indicated that treatment resistance and seizure-free status were associated with IFS score. No interaction effects were identified. Conclusions Findings from the current study suggest that the impact of epilepsy is highest for families that have children with active seizures at the time of their clinical visit and for those with children having treatment-resistant epilepsy. Although intuitive, this is the first study, to our knowledge, that has empirically verified these findings.
Perceptions and practice of state Medicaid officials regarding informed consent for female sterilization.

Abstract Objective To explore the attitudes, beliefs, and interpretations of individual state Medicaid office employees regarding their state’s postpartum sterilization policy and its impact on patient care. Study design We invited employees in all 50 state Medicaid director’s offices who self- or peer-identified as best informed about the sterilization policy to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews. Using a pilot-tested interview guide, we transcribed, coded, and analyzed each interview. We attempted to obtain supplemental data, including relevant policy details and instructions for physicians in the state, from all 50 state Medicaid office websites. Results We collected data from 15 telephone interviews, four written responses, and 48 states’ websites for analysis. Participants had varying responses regarding the impact of the Medicaid-mandated sterilization consent form in terms of informed consent as well as the utility and ramifications of the waiting period. State policies varied in terms of the age of consent, complexity of the form, availability of translations, use of unclear terminology, and the consent-obtaining process. Conclusion State Medicaid employees have differences in opinions regarding the intent of the Medicaid-mandated sterilization consent form and policies. Better understanding of the variation in individual state policies that may contribute to inequitable access to sterilization is necessary. Implications Provision of consistent guidelines and widespread coordination of the Medicaid sterilization policies in identified areas impacting informed consent may reduce existing obstacles and provide more equitable access to contraceptive care.
Construction of the Scales of Socioemotional Development

Up to this point, our discussion has been primarily theoretical. We now focus our attention on the concrete problems of scale construction. Our ultimate desire was to construct a measurement instrument that could (1) measure several different emotions in infants and young children between the ages of 3 months and 30 months; (2) measure emotions in settings that engage infants in everyday, naturally occurring situations; (3) measure emotions through a variety of behaviors, including facial, vocal, postural, and locomotive; and (4) measure differences among infants in terms of single emotions as well as patterns or configurations of emotions. In constructing the measurement scales, a series of questions were raised about which emotions should be studied, where these emotions should be studied, which behaviors should be used to reference the emotions, and which situations would be most likely to activate these emotions. These questions are the focus of the discussion in this chapter. The empirical aspects of the scale construction are described in the following chapter.
Care of international living kidney donor candidates in the United States: A survey of contemporary experience, practice, and challenges

The evaluation and care of non-US citizen, non-US residents who wish to come to the United States to serve as international living kidney donors (ILKDs) can pose unique challenges. We surveyed US transplant programs to better understand practices related to ILKD care. We distributed the survey by email and professional society list-servs (Fall 2018, assessing 2017 experience). Eighty-five programs responded (36.8% program response rate), of which 80 considered ILKD candidates. Only 18 programs had written protocols for ILKD evaluation. Programs had a median of 3 (range: 0,75) ILKD candidates who initiated contact during the year, from origin countries spanning 6 continents. Fewer (median: 1, range: 0,25) were approved for donation. Program-reported reasons for not completing ILKD evaluations included visa barriers (58.6%), inability to complete evaluation (34.3%), concerns regarding follow-up (31.4%) or other healthcare access (28.6%), and financial impacts (21.4%). Programs that did not evaluate ILKDs reported similar concerns. Staff time required to evaluate ILKDs was estimated as 1.5-to-3-times (47.9%) or >3-times (32.9%) that needed for domestic candidates. Among programs accepting ILKDs, on average 55% reported successful completion of 1-year follow-up. ILKD evaluation is a resource-intensive process with variable outcomes. Planning and commitment are necessary to care for this unique candidate group.
Developmental constraint shaped genome evolution and erythrocyte loss in Antarctic fishes following paleoclimate change

In the frigid, oxygen-rich Southern Ocean (SO), Antarctic icefishes (Channichthyidae; Notothenioidei) evolved the ability to survive without producing erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the oxygen-transport system of virtually all vertebrates. Here, we integrate paleoclimate records with an extensive phylogenomic dataset of notothenioid fishes to understand the evolution of trait loss associated with climate change. In contrast to buoyancy adaptations in this clade, we find relaxed selection on the genetic regions controlling erythropoiesis evolved only after sustained cooling in the SO. This pattern is seen not only within icefishes but also occurred independently in other high-latitude notothenioids. We show that one species of the red-blooded dragonfish clade evolved a spherocytic anemia that phenocopies human patients with this disease via orthologous mutations. The genomic imprint of SO climate change is biased toward erythrocyte-associated conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) rather than to coding regions, which are largely preserved through pleiotropy. The drift in CNEs is specifically enriched near genes that are preferentially expressed late in erythropoiesis. Furthermore, we find that the hematopoietic marrow of icefish species retained proerythroblasts, which indicates that early erythroid development remains intact. Our results provide a framework for understanding the interactions between development and the genome in shaping the response of species to climate change.
AmpC- and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Detected in Fresh Produce in Central Ohio.

ABSTRACT Salad vegetables purchased from farmer's markets and grocery stores in central Ohio during the summers of 2015 and 2016 were tested for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, Salmonella contamination, and coliform bacterial counts. A total of 364 samples were collected from 36 farmers' markets and 33 grocery stores. Using selective media, we found 23 (6.3%) samples that produced Enterobacteriaceae expressing an AmpC β-lactamase phenotype, with 11 (3.0%) confirmed to contain blaCMY and 6 (1.6%) that produced Enterobacteriaceae with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, 1 (0.3%) of which was confirmed to contain blaCTX-M. All blaCMY and blaCTX-M strains were isolated from leafy greens. No Salmonella spp. or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from fresh produce samples. Adjusting for year, the geometric mean coliform count differed (P < 0.05) between produce types, with the count in tomatoes (15 CFU/mL) being lower than those in cucumbers (77.4 CFU/mL) and leafy greens (75.0 CFU/mL). The coliform counts also differed (P < 0.05) between years, with 19.6 CFU/mL in 2015 and 96.0 CFU/mL in 2016. There was no difference in coliform counts or the prevalences of Enterobacteriaceae expressing AmpC or ESBL phenotypes in produce purchased from farmers' markets and grocery stores. HIGHLIGHTS
Teacher Education and the Struggle for Social Justice

Foreword, Michael W. Apple Preface Acknowledgements 1. The Adequacies and Inadequacies of Three Current Strategies to Recruit, Prepare, and Retain the Best Teachers for All Students 2. Educating Teachers for Social Justice Ken Zeichner and Ryan Flessner 3. Professional Development Schools in a Culture of Evidence and Accountability 4. Action Research as a Strategy for Preparing Teachers to Work for Greater Social Justice: A Case Study from the United States 5. Action Research: Personal Renewal and Social Reconstruction 6. Action Research in Teacher Education as a Force for Greater Social Justice 7. Beyond the Divide of Teacher Research and Academic Research 8. Connecting Genuine Teacher Development to the Struggle for Social Justice 9. Contradictions and Tensions in the Professionalization of Teaching and the Democratization of Schools 10. Reflections of a University-Based Teacher Educator on the Future of College- and University-Based Teacher Education
An externally modulated fiber-optic link test bed for characterizing link performance in a system

The design and environmental testing of a modular analog fiber-optic link are reported. Over a 10-MHz bandwidth the link noise figure was 8 dB without electronic amplification. The link performance and the systems effects with active and passive implementations of module calibration and modulator bias stabilization are discussed. >
Misalignment study of two Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance systems

In this paper, two new Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) systems are presented for misalignment study. The efficiency versus azimuth rotation is examined. The analysis is performed using simulations and the results are validated by measurement.
Isolation and characterization of a taurine‐specific opine dehydrogenase from the pedicles of the brachiopod, Glottidea pyramidata

Tauropine dehydrogenase (pyruvate + taurine + NADH ⇋ tauropine + NAD+) was partially purified from the pedicles of the inarticulate brachiopod, Glottidea pyramidata. The molecular mass of this enzyme, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a TSK- 3000 SW column, was 39,500 daltons. This molecular mass value is consistent with a monomeric structure characteristic of all opine dehydrogenases. Kinetic studies revealed that taurine and pyruvate were the preferred substrates, although other amino acids and keto acids were used to some extent. This enzyme readily oxidized tauropine displaying an apparent Km of 3.1 mM. Taurine was found to be the most abundant free amino acid in neutralized perchloric acid extracts of pedicles. Thus, it is likely that taurine is a physiological substrate. This enzyme shows striking similarities to tauropine dehydrogenases from archeogastropods.
Toward Accurate Mobile Sensor Network Localization in Noisy Environments

The node localization problem in mobile sensor networks has received significant attention. Recently, particle filters adapted from robotics have produced good localization accuracies in conventional settings. In spite of these successes, state-of-the-art solutions suffer significantly when used in challenging indoor and mobile environments characterized by a high degree of radio signal irregularity. New solutions are needed to address these challenges. We propose a fuzzy logic-based approach for mobile node localization in challenging environments. Localization is formulated as a fuzzy multilateration problem. For sparse networks with few available anchors, we propose a fuzzy grid-prediction scheme. The fuzzy logic-based localization scheme is implemented in a simulator and compared to state-of-the-art solutions. Extensive simulation results demonstrate improvements in the localization accuracy from 20 to 40 percent when the radio irregularity is high. A hardware implementation running on Epic motes and transported by iRobot mobile hosts confirms simulation results and extends them to the real world.
Tending a complex microbiota requires major immune complexity.

Animals maintain complex microbial communities within their guts that fill important roles in the health and development of the host. To what degree a host’s genetic background influences the establishment and maintenance of its gut microbial communities is still an open question. We know from studies in mice and humans that external factors, such as diet and environmental sources of microbes, and host immune factors play an important role in shaping the microbial communities (Costello et al. 2012). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Bolnick et al. (2014a) sample the gut microbial community from 150 genetically diverse stickleback isolated from a single lake to provide evidence that another part of the adaptive immune response, the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) receptors of antigen-presenting cells, may play a role in shaping the gut microbiota of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Bolnick et al. 2014a). Bolnick et al. (2014a) provide insight into natural, interindividual variation in the diversity of both stickleback MHCII alleles and their gut microbial communities and correlate changes in the diversity of MHCII receptor alleles with changes in the microbiota.
What Adolescents Can Tell Us: Technology and the Future of Social Work Education

The use and usefulness of Information Technology (IT) is rapidly growing around the world, especially among the youth. IT has been shown to impact learning styles, communication, and social relationships in many ways. Recently, significant discussion has arisen around the importance of IT in higher education and more specifically, social work education. This study qualitatively assesses 128 youth aged 13–14 years to understand their access to and use of IT as well as the way it impacts their psychosocial development to provide clues that will help inform the design of social work education for the future. Youth in four school districts reported unanimous access to computers and television and a majority of students used other technologies. Adolescents reported increased ease of communication and ability to get information as well as enhanced social relationships connected to their use of IT. Discussion and implications suggest that in the future, social work education will have to implement IT into its cu...
Ift88 regulates Hedgehog signaling, Sfrp5 expression, and β-catenin activity in post-natal growth plate

Primary cilia are present on most cell types including chondrocytes. Dysfunction of primary cilia results in pleiotropic symptoms including skeletal dysplasia. Previously, we showed that deletion of Ift88 and subsequent depletion of primary cilia from chondrocytes resulted in disorganized columnar structure and early loss of growth plate. To understand underlying mechanisms whereby Ift88 regulates growth plate function, we compared gene expression profiles in normal and Ift88 deleted growth plates. Pathway analysis indicated that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was the most affected pathway in mutant growth plate. Expression of the Wnt antagonist, Sfrp5, was also down-regulated. In addition, Sfrp5 was up-regulated by Shh in rib chondrocytes and regulation of Sfrp5 by Shh was attenuated in mutant cells. This result suggests Sfrp5 is a downstream target of Hh and that Ift88 regulates its expression. Sfrp5 is an extracellular antagonist of Wnt signaling. We observed an increase in Wnt/β-catenin signaling specifically in flat columnar cells of the growth plate in Ift88 mutant mice as measured by increased expression of Axin2 and Lef1 as well as increased nuclear localization of β-catenin. We propose that Ift88 and primary cilia regulate expression of Sfrp5 and Wnt signaling pathways in growth plate via regulation of Ihh signaling.
Phytochrome-induced Increase of Fluorescein Translocation in Mung Bean Hypocotyls

Moderate doses of red (660 nanometer) irradiation cause a rapid increase in the translocation of fluorescein in dark-grown mung bean hypocotyl (Vigna radiata L.) segments. The increase fails to appear following large doses of red (660 nanometers) irradiation. The red induced increase is prevented by a subsequent far red (730 nanometer) irradiation. Reversibility suggests the participation of phytochrome in the process. The increase in translocation is attributed to the generation of a positive electrostatic charge in the plasma membrane by some action of phytochrome on membrane molecules.
Effect of downregulation of survivin expression on radiosensitivity of human epidermoid carcinoma cells

Purpose: The expression of survivin, a member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein family, is elevated in many types of human cancer. High survivin expression has been associated with poor patient prognosis and tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiosensitizing effects of five agents that target survivin on their relative ability to downregulate survivin expression. Methods and Materials: The human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 was treated with adenoviral-mediated wild-type p53, antisense to survivin, the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Purvalanol A, or the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. The radiosensitizing effects of these treatments were determined by clonogenic survival curve analysis and their abilities to suppress survivin expression by Western blot analysis. Results: All the strategies were shown to radiosensitize A431 cells. This effect correlated with their abilities to downregulate survivin. Conclusion: Expression of survivin appears to confer a radioresistant phenotype that can be overcome using several clinically achievable strategies that target survivin either specifically or nonspecifically.
“I was Only Kidding!”: Victims’ and Perpetrators’ Perceptions of Teasing

Teasing is an interpersonal behavior that some people perceive to be fun and a matter of joking around and that other people view as cruel and a means of hurting someone’s feelings. These perspectives might reflect the views of perpetrators and victims, respectively. To examine this, 72 male and female participants wrote two narratives, one in which they described an incident when they were teased and another in which they described an event where they perpetrated the teasing. Victims and perpetrators formed very different impressions of the teasing event. Perpetrators perceived the event as more humorous and less damaging than did victims. However, they also reported feeling more guilt than did victims. Most of the incidents recounted by victims focused on physical appearance, followed by relationships and behavior. Perpetrator narratives focused primarily on behavior, followed closely by body parts and appearance. Implications of victim/perpetrator differences regarding teasing and the consequences of t...
Triclosan inhibits enoyl-reductase of type I fatty acid synthase in vitro and is cytotoxic to MCF-7 and SKBr-3 breast cancer cells

Background and purpose: Human type I fatty acid synthase has been proposed as a chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer based on the inactivation of human β-ketoacyl synthase activity by cerulenin. Triclosan, a common antibiotic, functions by inhibiting the enoyl-reductase enzymes of type II fatty acid synthases in susceptible bacteria. If triclosan is an inhibitor of human fatty acid synthase and if inhibition of fatty acid synthase is toxic to breast cancer cell lines, triclosan could prove to be a lead compound for the treatment of breast cancer. Consequently, the inhibitory activity of triclosan against vertebrate type I fatty acid synthases and its effects on breast cancer lines in cell culture were investigated. Methods: The inhibitory activities of triclosan against human and goose fatty acid synthases and each of the partial reactions were investigated using spectrophotometric assays. The ability of triclosan at various concentrations to inhibit growth and reduce the viability of MCF-7 and SKBr-3 cells in culture was evaluated. Results: Kinetic studies showed triclosan to be a slow binding inhibitor of human and goose type I fatty acid synthase and to inhibit the partial activity of enoyl-reductase with IC50 values between 10 and 50 µM. Triclosan at similar concentrations was also shown to inhibit both viability and growth of MCF-7 and SKBr-3 cells in culture. Conclusions: The results corroborate the hypothesis that fatty acid synthase may be a target of breast cancer chemotherapy and suggest that inhibitors of the enoyl-reductase partial activity of fatty acid synthase may have chemotherapeutic potential.
Sonication-accelerated catalytic synthesis of oxide nanoparticles

Summary High throughput synthesis of nanocrystalline cubic oxides and perovskites is achieved through the synergetic contribution of sonication to accelerate the reaction kinetics of low-temperature vapor diffusion catalytic fabrication from the alkoxide precursors. In this quantitative yield process, multiple-gram synthesis of uniform-sized, highly crystalline ceria (3.8 nm) and barium titanate (5.6 nm) nanocrystals is accomplished with a significant acceleration of throughput over that obtained without sonication. The ability to produce oxide nanomaterials with different structural complexities in a high throughput generalized process is a significant step toward meeting the increased needs for mass production of high performance materials.
In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of rat spinal cord at 7 T

In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of normal rat spinal cord was performed using a multi-segmented, blipped EPI sequence at 7 T field strength. At high diffusion weighting, the signal exhibited a non-monoexponential decay that was fitted to a biexponential function, associated with the fast and slow components of diffusion in the cord tissue, using a nonlinear regression analysis along with a constrained optimization procedure. From the measured tensors, the eigenvalues and the maps of invariant scalar measures (fractional anisotropy, relative anisotropy, volume ratio, and trace) were calculated and analyzed statistically. The results were combined to quantitatively characterize the anisotropic properties of the fast and slow diffusions in white- and gray matter of live spinal cords.
Gymnochromes E and F, Cytotoxic Phenanthroperylenequinones from a Deep-Water Crinoid, Holopus rangii

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of metabolites from the crinoid Holopus rangii led to the discovery of two new phenanthroperylenequinone derivatives, gymnochromes E (1) and F (2). Gymnochrome E showed cytotoxic activity toward the NCI/ADR-Res with an IC50 of 3.5 μM. It also inhibited histone deacetylase-1 with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. Gymnochrome F was a moderate inhibitor of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL-1) binding to Bak. Two anthraquinone metabolites, emodic acid (4) and its new bromo derivative (5), were also isolated from the crinoid and show remarkable similarity to the phenanthroperylenequinone core, suggesting that these metabolites share the same polyketide biosynthetic pathway.