cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagenetic controls on evolution of porosity and permeability in lower Tertiary Wilcox sandstones from shallow to ultradeep (200–6700 m) burial, Gulf of Mexico Basin, U.S.A.

Abstract Reservoir quality is a critical risk factor in deep to ultradeep reservoirs at depths >4.5 km. Analysis of Paleogene Wilcox sandstones on the upper Texas Gulf Coast provides insight into the evolution of reservoir quality during shallow to ultradeep burial diagenesis. Reduction of porosity and permeability with burial in Wilcox sandstones was evaluated using subsurface samples from 200 to 6700 m, at temperatures of 25–230 °C. Diagenesis and petrophysical properties were interpreted from petrographic data and core analyses. Wilcox sandstones are mostly lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites having an average composition of Q59F22R19. Provenance did not change significantly during Wilcox deposition in this area, nor does average sandstone composition vary among lower, middle, and upper Wilcox sandstones. However, composition does vary with sequence-stratigraphic position; lowstand slope-fan deposits contain more rock fragments than do deposits from highstand or transgressive systems tracts. Given observations from this onshore dataset, Wilcox sandstones deposited in deepwater environments in the Gulf of Mexico are likely to contain more rock fragments than their linked highstand equivalents. Pore types in Wilcox sandstones change from a mix of primary and secondary pores and micropores at shallower depths to predominantly secondary pores and micropores in deeper sandstones. Wilcox sandstones show steady porosity reduction from an average of 33% at 38 °C to 12% at 132 °C, with little additional loss at higher temperatures. By 132 °C, most primary pores have been lost by mechanical compaction or occluded by quartz cementation. Volume of secondary pores remains nearly constant despite dissolution of 3.5% average potassium feldspar during deep burial. Volume of this late dissolution of potassium feldspar is offset by precipitation of ankerite, albite, illite, and minor quartz in secondary pores. The proportion of microporosity, which occurs in authigenic clays, altered grains, and matrix, increases in the deepest sandstones. Change in proportion of pore types and reduction in total porosity with increasing temperature changes porosity–permeability transforms. Because most deep to ultradeep Wilcox sandstones are dominated by secondary pores and micropores, porosity–permeability transforms have lower slopes than those for shallower sandstones.
Comparing physically abusive, neglectful, and non-maltreating parents during interactions with their children : A meta-analysis of observational studies

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the nature and extent of differences in the ways that physically abusive, neglectful, and non-maltreating parents communicate during interactions with their children. METHOD: A meta-analysis was conducted of 33 observational studies comparing parent-child interactions in families where parents have a documented history of physical abuse or neglect vs. where parents have no history of child maltreatment. Parental behaviors were grouped into three clusters (positivity, aversiveness, and involvement) for comparison across studies. RESULTS: When comparing maltreating (physically abusive or neglectful) vs. non-maltreating parents, mean weighted effect sizes for the three behavioral clusters range from d=.46 to .62. Physically abusive parents are distinguished from non-maltreating parents more so than neglectful parents in terms of aversive behavior, whereas the reverse is true for involvement. Publication date, parent and child age, and task structure moderate the magnitude, though not direction, of differences. CONCLUSION: Parents with a documented history of child physical abuse or child neglect also are distinguished from non-maltreating parents by the levels of aversiveness, positivity, and involvement they display during interactions that constitute the parent-child relationship. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Researchers and practitioners need to carefully consider sample size, length and setting of observation, and interaction tasks when using observational methods. Language: en
Structural and functional characteristics of primary cell cultures derived from the adrenal gland tissue of neonatal mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Primary cell cultures were prepared from the adrenal glands of one-day-old mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). The cells attached equally well to uncoated plastic and glass surfaces and on surfaces that had been coated with collagen. The phase of logarithmic growth occurred between the second and the fourth day, and the cells became confluent between the fifth and the sixth day. Staining with Sudan black B and toluidine blue and viewing fixed preparations by transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cultures consisted mostly of steroidogenic cells. A smaller population of chromaffin cells was also present. Scanning electron microscopy showed that most of the cells had long filopodia, and some cells had numerous surface blebs that were interpreted as exocytotic vesicles. When incubated in Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 1–24 ACTH the cultured cells released three corticosteroids, namely, corticosterone, aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone. These responses occurred within 15 min of exposure to medium containing 1–24 ACTH and continued throughout a 60-min period of continuous stimulation. The minimally effective concentration of 1–24 ACTH was 0.078 ng per ml (0.0234 nM) and, as the concentration was increased up to 10 ng per ml (2.99 nM), the total output of each hormone during the 60-min incubation period increased significantly according to the following semi-logarithmic relationship: Y=a+b log X, where Y=the total output of hormone, X=the concentration of 1–24 ACTH in the medium, and a=the total output of hormone when the medium contained 1.0 ng of 1–24 ACTH per ml. The total outputs of each hormone in the presence of a maximally effective concentration of 1–24 ACTH, however, were low compared to the responses of similarly stimulated tissue slices taken from the neonatal duckling. It is concluded that most of the cells comprising the confluent cultures were derived from steroidogenic cells in the neonatal adrenal. These cells appeared to retain corticotropin receptors during the course of developing into confluent monolayers, but their diminished steroidogenic capacity to respond when stimulated maximally suggests that some generational changes may have occurred.
A first person IP over HDSL case study

As many authors have articulated, the "last mile problem" is often cited as a persistent engineering obstacle in deploying residential broadband solutions. Additionally, some academic researchers may require completely unfiltered Internet access, short network paths to Internet2, SIP, QoS, IPv6, and other functionality that may not be offered by commercial ISPs. This paper describes how the author designed and developed a high-speed (>2 Mb/sec), residential IP connection by using a four-wire HDSL circuit terminated directly at an academic institution. Technologically, this was done by extending the Ethernet frame beyond the institution's physical boundaries with transparent MAC-layer forwarding controlled by relatively low-cost, dedicated HDSL transceivers. The process was strategically planned, documented, tested, and managed across seven individuals in four disparate organizations and the monthly cost per throughput capacity is significantly lower than typical ISPs in the region.
Temporal Synchronization of MIMO Wireless Communication in the Presence of Interference

In wireless communications systems that potentially operate in interference, acquisition and temporal alignment of a transmitted signal by a receiver can be the most fragile component of the link. In this paper, synchronization detection in the presence of interference for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication is discussed. Here, synchronization indicates signal acquisition and timing estimation at the receiver, and is formulated as a binary statistical hypothesis test. Transmit sequences from multiple antennas are received by multiple antennas in noisy environments with spatially correlated noise (interference). Flat-fading and frequency-selective channel models for both the interference and signal of interest are considered. By applying well-known multiple antenna approaches to the MIMO synchronization problem, a number of new synchronization test statistics are introduced. These test statistics are motivated by minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) beamformers, generalized-likelihood ratio test (GLRT), least-squared (LS) channel estimation, and spatial invariance. Test statistics appropriate for orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) systems are considered, including test statistics that take advantage of cyclic prefixes and of pilot sequences within an OFDM symbol. Performances of various test statistics in terms of probability of missing detection for some probability of a false detection are shown to vary by multiple orders of magnitude in the presence of interference.
Towards efficient supercomputing: a quest for the right metric

Over the past decade, we have been building less and less efficient supercomputers, resulting in the construction of substantially larger machine rooms and even new buildings. In addition, because of the thermal power envelope of these supercomputers, a small fortune must be spent to cool them. These infrastructure costs coupled with the additional costs of administering and maintaining such (unreliable) supercomputers dramatically increases their total cost of ownership. As a result, there has been substantial interest in recent years to produce more reliable and more efficient supercomputers that are easy to maintain and use. But how does one quantify efficient supercomputing? That is, what metric should be used to evaluate how efficiently a supercomputer delivers answers? We argue that existing efficiency metrics such as the performance-power ratio are insufficient and motivate the need for a new type of efficiency metric, one that incorporates notions of reliability, availability, productivity, and total cost of ownership (TCO), for instance. In doing so, however, this paper raises more questions than it answers with respect to efficiency. And in the end, we still return to the performance-power ratio as an efficiency metric with respect to power and use it to evaluate a menagerie of processor platforms in order to provide a set of reference data points for the high-performance computing community.
The effects of disk morphology on flying-height modulation: experiment and simulation

The effect of morphology on flying height modulation (FHM) of a sub-10 nm flying air bearing slider was studied for three different disks by experiment and simulation. The experimental measurement methods are discussed and a new single beam laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) measurement method, which yielded the highest resolution with a 2 /spl mu/m beam spot size, was introduced. Analysis was performed in three different frequency bandwidths-a geometric FHM from 10 to 100 kHz, a dynamically excited FHM from 100 to 500 kHz and the third being negligible compared to the other two bands, above 500 kHz. Transfer function analysis was carried out to investigate the FHM in the lowest frequency band. FHM in the first band was shown to be caused primarily by a phase shift between the sliders' response and the disks' morphology and secondarily by decreasing slider motion with decreasing morphology wavelength, which correlated well with previous work. For two of the disks investigated, the FHM due to the disks' morphology showed air bearing excitation that resulted in an intolerable level of FHM. However, for one of the disks studied, the FHM was as low as the disk morphology for wavelengths of 2 /spl mu/m and less, which was within tolerable limits. It is concluded that when designing a disk for low FHM, it is not sufficient to characterize the quality of a disk by a single number such as roughness or waviness. Proper design and optimization of both the disk and air bearing slider results in FHM that is lower than the disks' morphology.
Two Distinct Pathways Supply Anthranilate as a Precursor of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in immunocompromised patients and those with cystic fibrosis (CF). This gram-negative bacterium uses multiple cell-to-cell signals to control numerous cellular functions and virulence. One of these signals is 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, which is referred to as the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). This signal functions as a coinducer for a transcriptional regulator (PqsR) to positively control multiple virulence genes and its own synthesis. PQS production is required for virulence in multiple models of infection, and it has been shown to be produced in the lungs of CF patients infected by P. aeruginosa. One of the precursor compounds from which PQS is synthesized is the metabolite anthranilate. This compound can be derived from the conversion of chorismate to anthranilate by an anthranilate synthase or through the degradation of tryptophan via the anthranilate branch of the kynurenine pathway. In this study, we present data which help to define the kynurenine pathway in P. aeruginosa and show that the kynurenine pathway serves as a critical source of anthranilate for PQS synthesis. We also show that the kyn pathway genes are induced during growth with tryptophan and that they are autoregulated by kynurenine. This study provides solid foundations for the understanding of how P. aeruginosa produces the anthranilate that serves as a precursor to PQS and other 4-quinolones.
The effect of time synchronization of wireless sensors on the modal analysis of structures

Driven by the need to reduce the installation cost and maintenance cost of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular. Perfect time synchronization amongst the wireless sensors is a key factor enabling the use of low-cost, low-power WSNs for structural health monitoring applications based on output-only modal analysis of structures. In this paper we present a theoretical framework for analysis of the impact created by time delays in the measured system response on the reconstruction of mode shapes using the popular frequency domain decomposition (FDD) technique. This methodology directly estimates the change in mode shape values based on sensor synchronicity. We confirm the proposed theoretical model by experimental validation in modal identification experiments performed on an aluminum beam. The experimental validation was performed using a wireless intelligent sensor and actuator network (WISAN) which allows for close time synchronization between sensors (0.6‐10 μ si n the tested configuration) and guarantees lossless data delivery under normal conditions. The experimental results closely match theoretical predictions and show that even very small delays in output response impact the mode shapes. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Financial Innovation and the Distribution of Wealth and Income

Now that Congress has passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, regulators promulgating the rules under this new bill must tackle a major problem that the reform bill addresses only indirectly. This is the problem of excessive “leverage” – financing with too much debt. Leverage permeates the modern financial system. Leverage makes the system too large, in the sense that large parts of the system operate outside the reach of regulators, and the system has a tendency to create vastly too much money and credit, thereby causing asset bubbles. Asset bubbles create the illusion that the financial sector is adding substantially more value to the global economy than it really is, and expose the rest of the economy to too much risk. Moreover, too much of society’s resources go to compensate the people in the system who are causing this to happen.
A Method of Employing External Counting Techniques to Obtain the Mean Transit Time and Distribution of Transit Times of Isotope Passage Through the Head

A diagnostic tool is being developed which will allow the measurement of the distribution of transit times, and the mean transit time of isotope passage through the head. The technique, applicable to any organ, is discussed herein only in terms of the brain. The procedure, a combination of clinical measurements and fluid-dynamic analysis, is almost entirely nontraumatic and total body radiation exposure is minimal (0.2 rad.).
Does socioeconomic status explain racial differences in urinary incontinence knowledge

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to discover whether urinary incontinence knowledge differs between racial/ethnic groups. If incontinence knowledge differs between racial/ethnic groups, is the difference explained by socioeconomic status (SES). Study design In this cross-sectional study, 212 women from 3 counties in California were interviewed by telephone. Urinary incontinence knowledge was measured by an Incontinence Quiz. SES was calculated. Race was categorized as white or minority (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and other). Results White women scored better than minority women on the Incontinence Quiz (6.16 ± 2.86 vs 5.46 ± 2.66, P = .071). Higher SES was significantly associated with higher Incontinence Quiz total score (r = 0.177, P = .010). Racial differences in Incontinence Quiz total score no longer trended toward significance after adjusting for SES in multivariable analysis. Race/ethnicity and SES were analyzed for association with each question of the Incontinence Quiz Conclusion Socioeconomic status explains racial differences in total urinary incontinence knowledge. Consideration of socioeconomic status may improve the effectiveness of urinary incontinence educational programs.
Models for the simulation of electronic circuits with hysteretic inductors

Time-dependent magnetization processes in ferritic materials are described by using a new dynamic Preisach-type model. This model is based on the mean-field approximation and has the advantage that it can be easily implemented in electronic circuit applications. The numerical implementation of the new model is discussed in detail. Sample numerical results obtained for resistor-inductor and resistor-inductor-capacitor circuits operating at different frequencies are presented and compared with experimental data.
Microbiota-Driven Immune Cellular Maturation Is Essential for Antibody-Mediated Adaptive Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus Infection in the Eye

As an immune-privileged site, the eye, and particularly the outer corneal surface, lacks resident mature immune effector cells. Physical barriers and innate mediators are the best-described effectors of immunity in the cornea. When the barriers are breached, infection can result in rapid tissue destruction, leading to loss of visual acuity and frank blindness. To determine the cellular and molecular components needed for effective adaptive immunity on the corneal surface, we investigated which immune system effectors were required for protection against Staphylococcus aureus corneal infections in mice, which are a serious cause of human eye infections. Both systemically injected and topically applied antibodies to the conserved cell surface polysaccharide poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) were effective at mediating reductions in corneal pathology and bacterial levels. Additional host factors impacting protection included intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-dependent polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment, functional CD4+ T cells, signaling via the interleukin-17 (IL-17) receptor, and IL-22 production. In germfree mice, there was no protective efficacy of antibody to PNAG due to the lack of LY6G+ inflammatory cell coeffector recruitment to the cornea. Protection was manifest after 3 weeks of exposure to conventional mice and acquisition of a resident microbiota. We conclude that in the anterior eye, ICAM-1-mediated PMN recruitment to the infected cornea along with endogenous microbiota-matured CD4+ T cells producing both IL-17 and IL-22 is required for antibody to PNAG to protect against S. aureus infection.
Female sterilisation in rural Bihar: what are the acceptor characteristics?

Objective The National Population Policy aims to expand voluntary and informed use of contraceptive services. This paper examines the determinants of use of female sterilisation versus other contraceptive methods in rural Bihar, one of the most socially and economically deprived states in India. Methods Data for 1378 ever-married women aged 15–49 years in rural Bihar, who are currently using contraception, were abstracted from the Second National Family Health Survey. A logistic regression model was developed to understand the determinants of use of female sterilisation versus other contraceptive methods. Results Maternal age, the number of living sons, religion, scheduled caste/tribe/backward class status, exposure to mass media and household standard of living are statistically significant determinants of the choice between sterilisation and other contraceptive methods. Conclusion The study underscores the need to significantly broaden the contraceptive choice for women in rural Bihar.
Data-Independent Pattern Run-Length Compression for Testing Embedded Cores in SoCs

This paper presents a new compression technique for testing the intellectual property (IP) cores in system-on-chips. The pattern run-length compression applies the well-known run-length coding to equal and complementary consecutive patterns of the precomputed test data. No structural information of the IP cores is required by the encoding procedure. A data-independent decompressor can be realized by the embedded processor or on-chip circuitry. The decompressed test set can be flexibly applied to a single-scan or multiple-scan chain of each core-under-test. Experiments on ISCAS-89 benchmarks show that the new technique results in superior compression performance. The test application time is also significantly reduced
Turning over a new ‘leaf’: multiple functional significances of leaves versus phyllodes in Hawaiian Acacia koa

Hawaiian endemic tree Acacia koa is a model for heteroblasty with bipinnately compound leaves and phyllodes. Previous studies suggested three hypotheses for their functional differentiation: an advantage of leaves for early growth or shade tolerance, and an advantage of phyllodes for drought tolerance.We tested the ability of these hypotheses to explain differences between leaf types for potted plants in 104 physiological and morphological traits, including gas exchange, structure and composition, hydraulic conductance, and responses to varying light, intercellular CO2, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and drought. Leaf types were similar in numerous traits including stomatal pore area per leaf area, leaf area-based gas exchange rates and cuticular conductance. Each hypothesis was directly supported by key differences in function. Leaves had higher mass-based gas exchange rates, while the water storage tissue in phyllodes contributed to greater capacitance per area; phyllodes also showed stronger stomatal closure at high VPD, and higher maximum hydraulic conductance per area, with stronger decline during desiccation and recovery with rehydration. While no single hypothesis completely explained the differences between leaf types, together the three hypotheses explained 91% of differences.These findings indicate that the heteroblasty confers multiple benefits, realized across different developmental stages and environmental contexts.
TACKLING THE ENDOGENEITY OF FERTILITY IN THE STUDY OF WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: ALTERNATIVE ESTIMATION STRATEGIES USING DATA FROM URBAN BRAZIL

Abstract Opinions differ about whether family structure, especially fertility, should be considered endogenous in models of behavior in developing countries. Faced with a dearth of good instruments, mainstream researchers often urge working in reduced form and, therefore, losing variables of policy interest or limiting the type of questions they ask to those where good instruments are available. Rather than treating endogeneity as a yes or no characteristic, we suggest instead that researchers consider the likely magnitude of endogeneity bias before moving to reduced form. Facing a situation where endogeneity bias is often presented as a concern but where we expect little endogeneity bias, we tackle endogeneity using multiple econometric techniques not available to the average researcher. We find support for our hypothesis that little bias arises due to the assumption of exogeneity of recent fertility in a model of women's employment.
A novel pattern generator for near-perfect fault-coverage

A new design methodology for a pattern generator is proposed, formulated in the context of on-chip BIST. The pattern generator consists of two components: a GLFSR, earlier proposed as a pseudo-random pattern generator, and combinational logic, to snap the outputs of the pseudo-random pattern generator. Using fewer test patterns with only a small area overhead, this combinatorial logic block, for a particular CUT, can be designed to achieve nearly 100% single stuck-at fault coverage. Specifically, where weighted pattern generators only enhance the probability of testing a specified set of hard-to-detect faults, the proposed combinational logic, using a comparable hardware overhead, can guarantee generating the test for those faults. Experimental results demonstrate that under identical conditions, the fault coverage of the proposed pattern generator is significantly higher, compared to the conventional weighted pattern generation techniques. For enhancing effectiveness, this combinational logic mapping technique can also be used to augment any weighted pattern technique. Because LFSRs are special cases of GLFSRs, our design is more general than LFSR-based designs.
India: The Future Economic And Knowledge Super Power?

India and China are the only countries in the world having a population of over one billion each. Until the 1980s, their economies were among the poorest in the world. India has been the largest democracy since 1947 but heart-rending sights of extreme poverty can be seen even in the flourishing business capitals. There are no subways, very few highways which results in nightmarish tangle of traffic all the time. China has been under the communist rule since the revolution led by Mao Tse Tung in 1966 and still continues to be under the centralized communist rule. Both the countries operated under centralized planning and kept their economies closed to global markets. However, in the past two decades, the world is witnessing a strange miracle taking place in both the countries. In the early 1980s, first China and later, India, started opening their economies to foreign direct investment and began participating more and more in global trade. The world had never witnessed this rare phenomenon of two relatively poor countries that together consist of a third of the world’s population, simultaneously taking off on a steep ascent in their economies. During the past twenty years, China has been growing at a heady rate of over 9% a year and India has growing at over 6% per year. This miraculous and sustained growth of these two countries is being watched by the rest of the world with mixture of surprise and apprehension. At this rate, it is expected that, within the next two or three decades, India and China together would account for over half of the entire world’s output. This paper presents the several factors of the phenomenal development of the Indian economy and analyses the impact of continued rise in their prosperity on the global economy.
When Different Message Frames Motivate Different Routes to the Same Health Outcome

Message framing is an effective strategy for promoting health behavior. We examined the relative effectiveness of framed messages that simultaneously promoted two different health behaviors—eating a calcium-rich diet and taking calcium supplements—for preventing osteoporosis. Because those behaviors are associated with different perceptions of risk, we predicted that gain- and loss-framed messages would have opposite effects. In two experiments, participants (N1 = 69; N2 = 219) were randomly assigned to a gain- or loss-framed message presenting two osteoporosis prevention behaviors. A gain-framed advantage was observed for dietary calcium consumption, but the opposite—a loss-framed advantage—was observed for use of calcium supplements. Message frame interacted with baseline calcium consumption behavior for some outcomes. Both gain- and loss-framed messages increased osteoporosis prevention behavior, but their relative effectiveness depended on the type of behavior. Framed messages can have opposite effects on different behaviors used to achieve a common health goal.
Image-Guided Tumor Ablation: Basic Science

Minimally invasive strategies in image-guided tumor ablation are gaining increasing attention as viable therapeutic options for focal primary and secondary hepatic malignancies (1–3). Although liver transplantation continues to be the standard for cure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there remains a clear need for treatment alternatives in the large population of HCC patients unable to qualify for liver transplantation surgery (4). For hepatic metastases, while conventional surgical resection has demonstrated acceptable rates of success (5) in carefully selected patient populations, several classes of minimally invasive, image-guided therapeutic strategies are being vigorously explored as practical alternatives (2,3). Possible advantages of minimally invasive therapies compared to surgical resection include the anticipated reduction in morbidity and mortality, lower cost, the ability to perform procedures on outpatients, and the potential application in a wider spectrum of patients, including nonsurgical candidates.
Optimal Product Line Pricing for Two Customer Segments with an Extension to Multi-Segment Case

In this paper we consider the problem of determining optimal prices for a product line. Items are distinguished by a single attribute which we call quality and which is proportional to the cost of the item. Demand for an item is dependent on the price differential between the item and the next item with higher cost. Customers can be grouped into two segments based on the lowest features acceptable and the maximum acceptable price. We develop an algorithm to determine the optimal pricing to maximize profit. We also consider assortment decisions to add or drop items based on regularity conditions and optimality considerations.
Sovereign Imaginaries of the Revolutionary Caribbean

Our understanding of sovereignty tends to be artificially narrowed by an overwhelming focus on European examples. This tendency biases us towards idiomatic assumptions about unity, territory, jurisdiction, and national membership, foreclosing creative thinking about new sovereignties and new political modalities. The Haitian Revolution occurred immediately after the French Revolution and was targeted against French colonialism. It provides a rich archive for studying the dynamics of sovereignty and the processes through which it evolved. I distinguish three sovereign imaginaries in the politics of pre-revolutionary Haiti: (1) an anti-colonial separatist movement among rich white plantation owners, (2) a movement for equal rights within colonialism among mixed-race people of color, and (3) a revolution against slavery that envisioned a nation of small, self-governing communities organized around subsistence farming. These three visions show us important things about the ways sovereignties form and come into conflict with one another. They reveal a striking multiplicity of ways that material practices, both discursive and other, contribute to the formation of sovereign imaginaries. This illustrates a uniquely postcolonial politics of sovereignty in a society fractured by substantial divisions of race, class, and slavery.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances of Anisotropic Semiconductor Nanocrystals

We demonstrate that anisotropic semiconductor nanocrystals display localized surface plasmon resonances that are dependent on the nanocrystal shape and cover a broad spectral region in the near-IR wavelengths. In-plane and out-of-plane dipolar resonances were observed for colloidal dispersions of Cu2–xS nanodisks, and the wavelengths of these resonances are in good agreement with calculations carried out in the electrostatic limit. The wavelength, line shape, and relative intensities of these plasmon bands can be tuned during the synthetic process by controlling the geometric aspect ratio of the disk or using a postsynthetic thermal-processing step to increase the free carrier densities.
Correction: Expanded HTA: Enhancing Fairness and Legitimacy

The authors would like to correct the name of the third author in this paper to Julian Urrutia.
Analysis & Treatment of Steam Flow Excited Vibration for Large-sized Steam Turbine

Steam flow excited vibration is easy to occur on high and mid pressure rotor of large-sized steam turbine with high capacity and parameter.Steam flow excited vibration shall reduce the stability of turbine shafts.In accordance with the domestic and international research result,combined with the analysis of turbine fault,the mechanism of steam flow excited vibration occurring is analyzed,and the measures to improve the stability of unit are put forward.
The Communication Model and Performance Analysis in Network Management Based on Mobile Agent

In order to ensure the reliability and efficiency,network management is becoming especially important. With the rapid development of IP network size,the centralized network management based on SNMP appears inca- pable on scalability and flexibility. Since the advent of mobile Agent technology,its application range is growing fast and its distributed computing makes up the deficiency of M/A model. This article will advance two communication models on mobile Agent,and make theoretic analysis on performance management and draw the conclusion at last.
Pressure behavior of vertical fractured wells in triple media reservoir

A mathematical model for wells with vertical fractures of finite conductivity in triple media reservoir has been established and solved. The pressure solution of vertical fractured wells in triple media reservoir is derived with consideration of wellbore storage and skin effect, and the corresponding pressure behavior curve has been drawn. The influence factors of pressure behavior in such wells are expatiated through sensitivity analysis of different parameters. At the end of earlier wellbore storage stage, there appeared bilinear flow feature in fractures. As time passing and bottom hole pressure decreasing, the differential of pressure curve showed double concave feature of triple porous media. The pressure behavior curve is commonly affected by parameters of vertical fractured well and triple media.
Therapeutic agents in hematology.

Some of the more important therapeutic advances in hematology are discussed. The indications for the use of liver extract, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, ACTH and cortisone, roentgen therapy, radioactive phosphorus (P32), nitrogen mustard, triethylene melamine, the folic acid antagonists, and splenectomy are evaluated.
Approaching terabit optical transmission over strong atmospheric turbulence channels

In this invited paper, we experimentally demonstrate high spectral efficiency and large capacity featured free-space optical (FSO) transmission system by using LDPC coded quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) combined with orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing. The strong atmospheric turbulence channel is emulated by two spatial light modulators on which four randomly generated azimuthal phase patterns from Andrews' spectral density are recorded. The validity of such approach is verified by reproducing the intensity distribution and irradiance correlation function (ICF) from the full-scale simulator. Excellent agreement of experimental, numerical, and analytical results is found. To reduce the azimuthal phase distortion induced by the turbulence emulator, the inexpensive wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (AO) is used. To deal with remaining channel impairments a properly designed large-girth low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is used. To further improve the aggregate data rate, the OAM multiplexing is combined with DWDM and 500 Gb/s optical transmission over the strong atmospheric turbulence channels is demonstrated. By employing both polarization states and frequency-locked lasers, beyond 1 Tb/s serial optical transmission over strong atmospheric turbulence channel can be achieved with the proposed FSO scheme.
Comparison of dual-window scatter correction and effective attenuation coefficients for quantification in dedicated breast SPECT

Correction for scattered and attenuated photons is necessary for accurate quantification in dedicated breast SPECT. An implemented dual energy window (DEW) scatter correction method along with attenuation correction has been shown to be accurate to within 10% of true values; however, the DEW method requires multiple processing steps, and thus more time, than an effective attenuation coefficient (EAC) method. This study aims to determine an EAC for quantification accuracy comparable to the DEW method. Our dedicated, high performance CZT-based breast SPECT system is capable of novel 3D, non-traditional trajectories. A breast phantom containing lesions ranging from 0.1 to 1.6mL was filled with Tc-99m to 8∶1 and 4∶1 lesion-to-background activity concentrations. Multiple acquisitions were collected using vertical axis of rotation (VAOR) and projected sine wave (PROJSINE) orbits and an 8% energy window. The PROJSINE trajectory incompletely samples the volume, but offers potential clinical benefits by contouring the breast and acquiring chest wall projections. Images were reconstructed with OSEM to 20 iterations using both uniform EAC masks with values of 0.12 to 0.165cm−1 and the DEW method with measured 0.16 scatter coefficient and the NIST attenuation value of 0.1545cm−1 for water at 140keV. ROIs were seeded and automatically drawn within each lesion, and measured values were compared to known truth. Results indicate that the DEW method is superior for VAOR trajectories and a single EAC value may not adequately compensate non-uniformly shaped objects that have a spatially varying scatter distribution. However, for PROJSINE trajectories, an EAC of approximately 0.13cm−1 yields comparable quantification accuracy for background and large lesions without the need for additional image processing, indicating this may have clinical utility in image quantification.
A Literature Review of Electronic Health Records in Chiropractic Practice: Common Challenges and Solutions

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to review the literature on current challenges and propose solutions for the optimal utilization of the electronic health records (EHRs) in chiropractic practice. Methods A search was performed in the PubMed, Index of Chiropractic Literature, and Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from November 2005 to February 2015. A combination of the following key words was used: electronic health records , electronic medical records , implementation , documentation , benefits , and challenges . Articles were categorized into common problems and solutions. These were filtered by application to chiropractic or educational institutions. Results The search resulted in 45 papers, which included case reports of EHR implementation, governmental insurance reports, commentaries, controlled studies, narrative reviews of past experiences with conversion from paper systems, and the implementation of EHRs in small offices and chiropractic offices. Minimal literature was found that directly related to chiropractic EHRs. Improper utilization, incorrect use of the software, faulty implementation, workflow burdens, financial considerations, and insufficient training were found to negatively affect the quality of the record. Conclusions Documentation errors are often innate in the EHR software. Improper utilization, insufficient training, or difficulty in integration of the EHR into the clinical office setting results in poor implementation of the electronic version of the clinical record. Solutions that may decrease documentation errors include EHR training, continued financial incentives, and appropriate implementation process and utilization of available software features.
2008 Review of Recent Industrial Relations Developments in Japan, USA, Brazil, China and India -- United States Report and Questionnaire

This paper was presented as background for the 2008 United States Report as solicited by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound). Its purpose is to serve as the data and information source for the Seminar "Industrial relations in the EU and other global and emerging economies: Wage developments, minimum wages and wage flexibility, 27th – 28th November 2008, Paris, France In cooperation with the OECD (Venue: OECD Conference Centre, 2 rue Andre Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16)
Persistent ST-segment elevation due to cardiac metastasis.

A man aged 68 years with a known history of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung presented to the emergency room complaining of an acute episode of dyspnoea. His symptoms had resolved on presentation to the hospital. An EKG was obtained, which showed marked ST-segment elevation (STE) in the anteroseptal leads (figure 1A). No prior EKG was available for comparison. The patient denied any chest pain or pressure, and had no evidence of myocardial necrosis by cardiac biomarkers. Nevertheless, he was taken emergently to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory for a presumed diagnosis of STE myocardial infarction (STEMI). He was found to have severe two-vessel coronary artery disease with possible plaque rupture in the mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) (figure 2). Overlapping bare metal stents were deployed to the LAD. Concerningly, the patient’s right ventricle was noted to be in a fixed motion suggestive of tumour infiltration. A transthoracic echocardiogram was subsequently …
When the Law Advances Access to Learning: Locke and the Origins of Modern Copyright

In light of the challenge and promise currently facing scholarly publishing’s move to digital models of greater openness, this paper offers a point of historical reflection on an earlier era of concern over sustainable access to learned works. It reports on a period of great turmoil in publishing that ran from the end of British book licensing in 1695, which unleashed a great wave of print piracy and sedition, to the legal remedy afforded by the Statute of Anne 1710, which introduced what we now think of as modern copyright law. The paper begins with John Locke’s lobbying of Parliament to end the effrontery of press censorship and monopoly maintained by the three-decade old Licensing Act of 1662. The scholar-friendly legal reforms of this act that Locke proposed in the 1690s were not taken up by Parliament when it allowed the act to expire in 1695. However, six years after Locke’s death in 1704, his and others’ proposed reforms were to find a place in the Statute of Anne 1710. This legislation was the first to vest authors with an exclusive, limited-term right to print copies of their work, while also protecting the access rights of scholars and the public to these and other works. I argue that the history of the statute reveals how the age of copyright began with striking a fine legislative balance between the interests of learning and those of commercial publishing, while also offering further insight into Locke’s influential work on property rights and limits. My hope is that this portrayal of Locke’s relatively effective political intervention as scholar-activist and public defender of learning in relation to the subsequent Statute of Anne might inspire and lend weight to the academic community’s current grappling with the growing commercial dominance of scholarly publishing.
Toward Active Partnership: Notice of Procedural Safeguards Designed for Parent Use:

Procedural safeguards have been in place for years with the intention of protecting the rights of parents and their children with disabilities. Despite the promises of the Individuals With Disabili...
Post-Earthquake Rehabilitation of Damaged RC Frames

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on some of the most likely locations of damage to reinforced concrete frame systems and describes the results of tests to reconstruct the damaged area and to improve performance in the event the building is subjected to an earthquake in the future. The reconstruction of damaged reinforced concrete structures is dependent on a number of factors: (1) The damage must not be so severe that the stability of the structure, both before the reconstruction or after, is questionable from an engineering or technical point of view; (2) the cost must be within the owner's means; and (3) there must be social and political acceptance of the preservation of the structure. The most common detailing deficiencies in reinforced concrete frame systems include column ties too widely spaced to function effectively as shear reinforcement, splices of column longitudinal reinforcement located at hinging regions and designed to transfer compression only, inadequate transverse reinforcement in joints between beams and columns, and lack of continuity of bottom reinforcing bars through the beam-column joint. The tests discussed in the chapter indicate that damaged elements can be repaired to perform in a manner comparable to that of similar elements strengthened before an earthquake occurs. In cases where shear failures have occurred, jacketing with concrete or steel shells gave reliable results. In cases where splice deficiencies were corrected, reliable performance was obtained by removing damaged concrete around the entire bar perimeter and replacing it with new concrete..
Housing, Colonias, and Social Justice in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region

Colonias are communities along the US-Mexico border located in rural and peri-urban spaces along the US-Mexico border. This chapter discusses contemporary policies and local actions that have influenced the population within colonias in the border region, such as the passing of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994, which had a direct consequence on the displacement of textile workers in El Paso, Texas. Colonias are buffers between political economic factors tying Mexico and the United States. They are spaces that shelter people who are displaced by global trade policies including changes in farming, manufacturing, and the narcotic industries. This chapter focuses on how colonia residents challenge the daily challenges of the socioeconomic and environmental injustice caused by rural isolation, limited transportation, and political apathy while seeking to build their homes and their communities. Also highlighted are recent self-help efforts that have been critical in the building of horizontal and vertical community development processes that encourage colonia residents to engage one another as well as nonprofit and government entities in the construction of their homes and communities. The chapter concludes with recommendations for community-building priorities for colonias, calling for the development of private-public partnerships that support the creation of housing that is affordable, high quality, and flexible enough to grow with the needs and priorities of colonia families.
Fundamental Concepts and Definitions

Welcome to the world of thermodynamics! To make your way in this world, you must proceed carefully, because you will meet difficulties. To prepare you to understand and overcome these difficulties, Chapter 1 presents the basic concepts, dimensions, units, and definitions that are important in energy engineering.