cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(312) The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Pain Catastrophizing in Episodic Migraine

Pain catastrophizing plays a key role in shaping the experience of acute and chronic pain, adverse pain-related outcomes and amplified pain perception. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is an evidence-based program designed to focus attention on the present moment in order to decrease stress, and enhance overall wellbeing. MBSR is believed to benefit patients with chronic pain by increasing pain acceptance and potentially interrupting the link between cognitive and emotional experiences, such as catastrophizing, and the experience of pain. Recent findings in chronic low back pain indicate that the beneficial effects of both MBSR and cognitive-behavioral treatment may result from changes in common mechanisms, including pain catastrophizing. In a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial, 89 subjects with episodic migraine were randomized to MBSR (n=46) or Stress Management for Headaches control group (SMH, n=43). The effects of MBSR and SMH were measured at 8 weeks following a typical MBSR training class (mid-treatment) and again at 16 weeks following bi-weekly continuation of each intervention (end of treatment). Participants completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) at baseline (M=11.9, SD=9.6), mid-intervention (M=10.5, SD=8.2), and post-intervention (M=8.6, SD=7.2) as well as measures of headache impact and disability (HIT-6). Catastrophizing level was associated with headache impact/disability, as well as pain ratings, primarily at concurrent phases (r's=0.10-0.44). No treatment effect was observed at mid-treatment, but both MBSR and SMH were similarly effective in decreasing pain catastrophizing at the end of treatment compared to baseline (p=0.004). These findings suggest that, while MBSR appears to be effective in reducing pain catastrophizing, it may not be more effective than providing disease and stress management education (provided by an experienced nurse). Additional research is warranted to further explore the specific versus general effects of psychological treatment on pain catastrophizing, and to elucidate potential personalized factors that may enhance MBSR potency.
The magnetic effects of brecciation and shock in meteorites: II. The ureilites and evidence for strong nebular magnetic fields

We have examined the magnetic characteristics of representative ureilites, with a view to identify the magnetic effects of shock and to isolate a primary component of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM). As a group, the ureilites show remarkably uniform patterns of magnetic behavior, attesting to a common genesis and history. However, a clearly observed gradation in magnetic properties of the ureilites studied with shock level, parallels their classification based on petrologic and chemical fractionation shock-related trends.
Assessment Regressivity and Property Taxation

Homestead exemptions typically produce a moderately progressive statutory incidence for the property tax in the US when progressivity is measured using the ratio of a household’s tax to the sale price of a home. However, the tax is levied on the assessed value of a home rather than the sale. A stylized fact from the assessment literature is that assessment rates tend be lower for higher-priced home. In this paper, we first document the pattern of assessment regressivity. Next, we show that this pattern of regressivity is capable of reversing the statutory progressivity incidence of the property tax, particularly for low-priced homes. We then use HMDA data to show that this pattern of assessment regressivity also leads to regressivity when measured as the ratio of taxes to household income.
Blood pressure variability in the management of hypertensive emergency: A narrative review.

Hypertensive emergencies (HTNe) primarily focus on decreasing the blood pressure to specific targets. However, there are emerging data surrounding the potential clinical effects of blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with HTNe. This narrative review highlights the various definitions of BPV, the emerging role of BPV, and the clinical data surrounding BPV in the HTNe setting. Clinical studies were obtained from a PubMed search through October 2018 utilizing PICO methodology. Original research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were considered for inclusion. Articles were selected for inclusion based on the relevancy of the article investigating BPV in the HTNe setting. There is currently no accepted standard to express BPV in the acute care setting of HTNe, and various parameters have been reported. There are very limited data regarding BPV outside of the neurologic HTNe setting. In the acute treatment phase of neurologic HTNe, BPV is consistently associated with increased risk of unfavorable outcomes. In the HTNe setting, continuous infusion of calcium channel blockers may optimize BPV compared to other agents. Based on current data, BPV should be investigated in a prospective systemic fashion. Efforts should be taken to ensure that BPV is minimized in the acute phase of HTNe, especially for those patients with intracranial hemorrhage. This reduced BPV is associated with improved favorable outcomes, but further study investigating specific pharmacologic agents is needed.
Exenteration and Multidisciplinary Approaches

Orbital exenteration consists of removal of all orbital contents and is typically performed as a life-saving procedure in high-grade malignancies or severe infection or inflammation. A thorough but prompt preoperative evaluation is required to formulate an appropriate surgical plan for each patient, which sometimes requires a multidisciplinary team. Depending on the indication, total exenteration or subtotal exenteration with eyelid-sparing approach can be taken, followed by socket reconstruction via a skin graft, myocutaneous advancement flap, free flap, dermal substitute, or a combination thereof. Custom-made oculofacial prosthesis can be fitted thereafter for cosmesis and comfort.
Fabrication of robust functional poly-cationic nanodots on surfaces of nucleophilic nanofibrous membrane

Abstract Given the strong yet easy-to-form electrostatic interaction, innovative hierarchical materials can be fabricated as a universal substrate for functional materials. Here, we introduce an approach to prepare novel functional poly-cationic nanodots on the surface of nucleophilic nanofibrous membranes. The poly-cationic nanodots were formed from a self-propagation of 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride, a reaction that has not been reported elsewhere for preparing hierarchical nanostructures on nucleophilic nanofibrous membranes. The nanodots showed cationic property independence of pH conditions (i.e., pH = 3–11) and presented robust attraction toward anionic chemicals. The powerful electrostatic interaction of the nanodots was illustrated through dye adsorption experimentally and theoretically. The fabrication of the poly-cationic nanodots was expanded to other nucleophilic materials such as chitosan and cellulose, and the resulted products exhibited intense attractions to various anionic compounds. The poly-cationic nanodots on different substrates can be readily functionalized to smart materials through the strong chemisorption.
Micropropagation of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and Amur honeysuckle (L. maackii) by shoot tip culture.

Reliable micropropagation protocols were developed for Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and Amur honeysuckle [L. maackii (Rupr.) Maxim], two horticulturally important invasive woody plants. Shoot tips were collected from mature plants and established in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and cultured in various media. Plant growth regulators and basal media had significant effects on proliferation rates. Proliferation of Japanese honeysuckle was highest on Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) medium with 5 µM (1.1 ppm) 6-benzyladenine (BA), yielding an average of 14 axillary microshoots in 12 weeks, whereas Amur honeysuckle produced 38 axillary microshoots in 12 weeks on MS medium containing 2.5 µM (0.6 ppm) BA with or without 1.25 µM (0.3 ppm) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Microcuttings of Japanese honeysuckle were rooted ex vitro with or without treatment with 980 µM (200 ppm) IBA, whereas microcuttings of Amur honeysuckle required treatment with 980 µM (200 ppm) IBA to root. These protocols can be used to continuously produce plant materials for various biotechnological modifications, such as in vitro mutations and genetic engineering for noninvasiveness.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer screening is essential to detect and remove premalignant lesions to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Multiple screening modalities are available, including colonoscopy and stool-based testing. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for detection and removal of premalignant colorectal lesions. Screening guidelines by the American Cancer Society now recommend initiating screening for all average-risk adults at 45 years old. Family history of colorectal cancer, other cancers, and advanced colon polyps are strong risk factors that must be considered in order to implement earlier testing. Epidemiologic studies continue to show disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality and wide variability in screening rates.
Learning From Failures: Lessons From Unsuccessful Grading Reform Initiatives:

This article describes accounts of grading reform initiatives that while well-intentioned, met with staunch opposition and eventually were abandoned. The implementation strategies employed by the l...
Medium Voltage Ring-Bus Grid Design Employing Current-Fed, Three-Port Dual Active Bridge Converters with Average Power Flow Control

This paper introduces a coupled control strategy for a current-fed, three-port dual active bridge converter. This method can be applied to control the converter across its full operating range, which will allow the converter to control the power flow between the three DC buses in any direction. MATLAB symbolic toolbox was used to compute average power flow equations from state space equations. The average power flow equations were then used to compute valid operating points based on the desired power output. A PLECS model confirmed the accuracy of the analysis and second model simulated a back-to-back ring bus network with two converters. The resulting average power output graphs make a useful design tool for visualizing the converter capacity across its operating range.
Corporate Governance and Managerial Compensation Horizon under Common Ownership

This paper studies the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on managerial compensation horizon under common ownership. We find that the predominant governance approach under common ownership is the threat of exit, which inadvertently exacerbates managerial myopia. Hence, common owners tend to grant long duration pay in managerial compensation contract to mitigate such an adverse consequence. Using financial mergers as exogenous shocks for the difference-in-differences analyses, we show that our results are robust to the endogeneity concerns. Further cross-sectional analyses provide strong evidence supporting this notion as we find that the positive relation between common ownership and CEO pay duration strengthens with higher liquidity, worse information asymmetry, weaker governance, and in states with non-compete agreement enforcement. Long-pay duration under common ownership is effective in mitigating managerial myopia as it improves firm long-term performance and reduces stock price crash risk. Additional tests show that active common owners tend to award long pay duration while passive common owners tend to use short pay duration, and our results are robust to other executives.
Refilling the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ store in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells

Bradykinin-induced increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were recorded in single NG108-15 cells with indo-1-based dual-emission microfluorimetry (50% effective concentration, 16 nM). A 1-min exposure to 30 nM bradykinin completely depleted the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive Ca2+ store; refilling the store required extracellular Ca2+ (half time, 2 min). Refilling the IP3-sensitive store was completely blocked by 1 microM La3+ and 10 microM nitrendipine, but not 10 microM verapamil, 10 microM flunarizine, 1 microM nitrendipine, or 0.1 microM La3+. Thapsigargin irreversibly depleted the Ca2+ store and prevented its refilling (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 3 nM). Influx of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane did not increase after depletion of the IP3-sensitive store by exposure to bradykinin, although maintained presence of the agonist produced significant Ca2+ influx. Similarly, Mn2+ and Ba2+ influx, as measured by indo-1 quenching and spectral shifts, did not increase following depletion of IP3-sensitive store. In contrast to depletion of the IP3-sensitive Ca2+ store by bradykinin, thapsigargin (10 nM) treatment produced Ca2+ and Ba2+ influx. We conclude that after Ca2+ mobilization, the IP3-sensitive Ca2+ store in NG108-15 cells is refilled with cytoplasmic Ca2+ via a thapsigargin-sensitive Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ is replenished by a persistent leak of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. This leak is not modulated by the status of the intracellular Ca2+ store. In NG108-15 cells, agonist and thapsigargin-evoked Ca2+ entry are mediated by activation of plasmalemmal Ca2+ channels independent of the status of the IP3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ store.
Taxes and Competitiveness

Around the world, the tax laws are shaped by concerns with competitiveness. This paper provides a general theory of how taxes impact competitiveness. As part of that theory, this paper also introduces the concept of tax-based competitiveness neutrality. A tax system is competitively neutral when taxes do not cause competitors to change their relative valuations of any investments. This paper then uses that theory to evaluate tax policy in two high profile and important areas. The paper begins by describing two models of competitiveness, called the conduit or new money model and the investor or old money model. The central difference between the models is whether the competition is between conduit entities that must compete for funds or is between the ultimate investors themselves. When the competition is between conduits that raise the funds to invest, competitiveness neutrality requires that the tax cost of the investment be the same across entities. In contrast, when the competition is between investors who invest their own money, then neutrality does not require that the tax cost be equal across the investors. Instead, when investors are investing their own money, competitiveness neutrality requires only that tax incentives have the same dollar value for all competitors. This paper then uses the theory of competitiveness neutrality to analyze two sets of laws that were heavily influenced by concerns with competitiveness. They are the unrelated business income tax (UBIT) and the tax treatment of cross-border transactions. In both areas, the failure to recognize the nature of the competition has caused policymakers and scholars to rely on the incorrect model in designing and evaluating tax policy.
Adeno-associated Viruses

Adeno-associated viruses are small, nonenveloped, single-stranded viruses of the genus Dependovirus, family Parvoviridae. They are so named because their propagation depends upon the coinfection by an unrelated virus for essential helper functions. Keywords: parvoviridae; AAV; episomal persistence; recombinant viral vector; vector production; gene therapy; rep proteins; hairpin transfer replication; site-specific integration
La ciencia social y la búsqueda de una sociedad justa

Se arguye que la ciencia social debe ser vista como un discurso civico orientado hacia el desarrollo de sociedades mas humanas y democraticas. En contra de la tendencia a hacer mas cientificas las ciencias sociales, a la manera de la fisica o la ingenieria, el autor aboga por la elaboracion de un discurso de las ciencias sociales que sea mas abierto y plural en sus esfuerzos por comprender y explicar lo social. Esto requiere que la metafora que se utiliza para acercarse a lo social sea la del texto, y que nuestra investigacion se dedique a la elaboracion de las maneras en que los grupos lo escriben y se inscriben en el.
Cbl-b regulates the CD28 dependence of T-cell activation

Whereas co-stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and CD28 triggers T-cell activation, stimulation of the TCR alone may result in an anergic state or T-cell deletion, both possible mechanisms of tolerance induction. Here we show that T cells that are deficient in the adaptor molecule Cbl-b (ref. 3) do not require CD28 engagement for interleukin-2 production, and that the Cbl-b-null mutation (Cbl-b(-/-)) fully restores T-cell-dependent antibody responses in CD28-/- mice. The main TCR signalling pathways, such as tyrosine kinases Zap-70 and Lck, Ras/mitogen-activated kinases, phospholipase Cgamma-1 and Ca2+ mobilization, were not affected in Cbl-b(-/-) T cells. In contrast, the activation of Vav, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1/Rho/CDC42, was significantly enhanced. Our findings indicate that Cbl-b may influence the CD28 dependence of T-cell activation by selectively suppressing TCR-mediated Vav activation. Mice deficient in Cbl-b are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, suggesting that the dysregulation of signalling pathways modulated by Cbl-b may also contribute to human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Graduate Students Rate Institutional Websites: The Must Have, Nice to Have, and Delighted to Have Services

The graduate students admitted to the online and blended programs at Texas Tech University and the University of Memphis were surveyed about their respective university websites, or the institution’s “virtual face.” A total of 42 students rated 30 web-based services as “must have,” “nice to have,” “delighted to have (but not necessary),” or “I’m indifferent to this service” based on the Kano model of marketing research into customer satisfaction. The majority (11 of 17) of services in the “must have” category are essential for functioning as a student (e.g., course registration, program costs, helpdesk) while the social media services (podcasts and i-Phone applications) were in the “nice to have” category. Items of importance to the institution (history of the university, strategic plan, contributions to community) were in the “nice to have” or “delighted to have” categories. The continuing interest in viewing photos (of the campus, students, athletics) as a “nice to have” is intriguing for students in online and blended programs. Based on this research, several recommendations are offered to institutions.
Design of 4-Oxo-1-aryl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides as Selective Negative Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2

Both orthosteric and allosteric antagonists of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) have been used to establish a link between mGlu2/3 inhibition and a variety of CNS diseases and disorders. Though these tools typically have good selectivity for mGlu2/3 versus the remaining six members of the mGlu family, compounds that are selective for only one of the individual group II mGlus have proved elusive. Herein we report on the discovery of a potent and highly selective mGlu2 negative allosteric modulator 58 (VU6001192) from a series of 4-oxo-1-aryl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides. The concept for the design of this series centered on morphing a quinoline series recently disclosed in the patent literature into a chemotype previously used for the preparation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 positive allosteric modulators. Compound 58 exhibits a favorable profile and will be a useful tool for understanding the biological implications of selective inhibition of mGlu2 in the CNS.
An Investigation of the Effect of Inclination on Critical Heat Flux of PF-5060 Dielectric Liquid on Microporous Copper Surfaces

Pool boiling experiments investigated the effect of inclination angle on the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) for saturation boiling of PF-5060 dielectric liquid on MicroPorous Copper (MPC) surfaces of different thicknesses (80 to 230 μm). The morphology of the surfaces, deposited using electrochemical processes, vary with the thickness, and hence CHF. The inclination angles investigated are 0° (upward facing), 60°, 90° (vertical), 120°, 150°, 160°, 170° and 180° (downward facing). CHF decreases with decreasing MPC thickness and/or increasing inclination angle. The CHF values in the upward facing orientation are 39%–67% higher than on smooth, polished Cu. For all MPC surfaces, CHF values in the downward facing orientation are ∼ 28% of those in the upward facing orientation (0°). The developed CHF correlation accounts for the effects of MPC thickness and inclination angle and is in agreement with experimental data to within ± 8%.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Does Public Funding Affect Preferred Tradeoffs and Crowd-In or Crowd-Out Willingness to Pay? A Watershed Management Case

In discrete choice experiments, survey participants are often asked to consider stated cost, to themselves, as a source of funding of an environmental project. An open question remains whether participants would consider an additional source of funding, such as public or federal support. We examine the impact of federal funding availability on the marginal utility of management attributes and on respondents’ private willingness to pay (WTP) for watershed management plans. Our results suggest that availability of public funding does not significantly alter the preferred tradeoffs among management attributes for active management plans, but alters the utility difference, and therefore the WTP, between an active plan and the status quo alternative. A latent class model further suggests that classes with relatively similar preferences may nonetheless show heterogeneity in how availability of public funds affects WTP for management plans against the status quo, depending on individuals’ sociodemographic profiles and environmental attitudes. Public funding affects WTP through both crowding-in and crowding-out effects. Our results suggest that private responses to public funds may be more complex than previous studies on public goods have suggested, as public funds may neither attract contributions nor crowd out private support uniformly.
Developing an interdisciplinary Health Informatics Security and privacy program

Health informatics is one of the nation's largest growing industries. To protect health information systems, it is extremely important for health informatics professionals to be well educated and trained in information assurance, and to understand the many concerns of security, privacy, integrity and reliability. To meet this demand, we are creating a new, interdisciplinary curriculum model of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS) concentration in Health Informatics Security and Privacy (HISP) at North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University (NC A&T). To establish this BSCS concentration in HISP, we developed a new course on health information systems in the Department of Computer Science, a new course on Mathematics for Health Informatics in the Department of Mathematics, and modified an existing course in the Department of Management to include topics on business practices relating to health information technology. We also developed three course modules on health informatics security and privacy and are integrating these course modules into the existing information assurance courses in the Department of Computer Science. This paper describes the new curriculum, the new courses, and the three course modules we have developed.
Calculation of reaction parameter sensitivity coefficients in multicomponent subsurface transport models

A significant source of uncertainty in multicomponent transport models is due to reaction parameter estimation error. In this paper, two codes are developed to compute reaction parameter sensitivity coefficients, which provide a quantitative measure of the impact of this uncertainty. One of the codes solves the full coupled system of sensitivity equations, while the other applies the operator splitting approach to decouple the sensitivity equations for each chemical component. CPU time comparisons demonstrate that operator splitting significantly reduces the simulation time for solving both the state and sensitivity equations. These comparisons also confirm that solution of the sensitivity equations is more efficient than a traditional direct perturbation sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity calculations for an example transport problem with cobalt and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) are used to gain insight into the relative significance of reaction processes and to rank individual reaction parameters in terms of importance. In this example, speciation reactions cause an indirect linking of the NTA biodegradation and the cobalt sorption reactions, making the NTA concentration nearly as sensitive to the sorption parameters as to the degradation parameters.
People-Things and Data-Ideas: Bipolar Dimensions?.

We examined a longstanding assumption in vocational psychology that people-things and data-ideas are bipolar dimensions. Two minimal criteria for bipolarity were proposed and examined across 3 studies: (a) The correlation between opposite interest types should be negative; (b) after correcting for systematic responding, the correlation should be greater than -.40. In Study 1, a meta-analysis using 26 interest inventories with a sample size of 1,008,253 participants showed that meta-analytic correlations between opposite RIASEC (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional) types ranged from -.03 to .18 (corrected meta-analytic correlations ranged from -.23 to -.06). In Study 2, structural equation models (SEMs) were fit to the Interest Finder (IF; Wall, Wise, & Baker, 1996) and the Interest Profiler (IP; Rounds, Smith, Hubert, Lewis, & Rivkin, 1999) with sample sizes of 13,939 and 1,061, respectively. The correlations of opposite RIASEC types were positive, ranging from .17 to .53. No corrected correlation met the criterion of -.40 except for investigative-enterprising (r = -.67). Nevertheless, a direct estimate of the correlation between data-ideas end poles using targeted factor rotation did not reveal bipolarity. Furthermore, bipolar SEMs fit substantially worse than a multiple-factor representation of vocational interests. In Study 3, a two-way clustering solution on IF and IP respondents and items revealed a substantial number of individuals with interests in both people and things. We discuss key theoretical, methodological, and practical implications such as the structure of vocational interests, interpretation and scoring of interest measures for career counseling, and expert RIASEC ratings of occupations.
Adenosine A2A or A3 receptors are required for inhibition of inflammation by methotrexate and its analog MX-68.

Objective Low-dose weekly methotrexate therapy remains a mainstay in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Results of previous studies demonstrated that adenosine, acting at one or more of its receptors, mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate in animal models of both acute and chronic inflammation. We therefore sought to establish which receptor(s) is involved in the modulation of acute inflammation by methotrexate and its nonpolyglutamated analog MX-68 (N-[[4-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-7-yl]-carbonyl]-L-homoglutamic acid). Methods We studied the effects of low-dose methotrexate (0.75 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP] every week for 5 weeks), MX-68 (2 mg/kg IP 2 days and 1 hour before induction of inflammation), dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg IP 1 hour before induction of inflammation), or vehicle control on acute inflammation in an air-pouch model in A2A and A3 receptor knockout mice. Results Low-dose weekly methotrexate treatment increased the adenosine concentration in the exudates of all mice studied and reduced leukocyte and tumor necrosis factor α accumulation in the exudates of wild-type mice, but not in those of A2A or A3 receptor knockout mice. Dexamethasone, an agent that suppresses inflammation by a different mechanism, was equally effective at suppressing leukocyte accumulation in A2A knockout, A3 knockout, and wild-type mice, indicating that the lack of response was specific for methotrexate and MX-68. Conclusion These findings confirm that adenosine, acting at A2A and A3 receptors, is a potent regulator of inflammation. Moreover, these results provide strong evidence that adenosine, acting at either or both of these receptors, mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate and its analog MX-68.
Stress intensity factors for coalescing and single corner flaws along a hole bore in a plate

Abstract The objective of this paper is to describe the effects of crack interaction on stress intensity factors for two symmetric coplanar corner flaws located along a hole bore. This numerical analysis employes the Finite Element-Alternating Method to determine Mode I stress intensity factors for single and coalescing corner flaws. Using single flaw stress intensity factors as a reference, analysis of crack size and shape effects on K I for coalescing corner flaws indicates the stress intensity factor for crack points along the hole bore increases as the crack tip separation distance decreases. Interaction effects are not experienced by hole bore crack points when the crack tip separation distance is equal to or greater than half of the largest corner flaw dimension.
Objectification Theory and Deaf Cultural Identity Attitudes: Roles in Deaf Women's Eating Disorder Symptomatology.

This study examined the generalizability of direct and mediated links posited in objectification theory among internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms with a sample of Deaf women. The study also examined the role of marginal Deaf cultural identity attitudes within this framework. Data from 177 Deaf women indicated positive relations among internalization, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptomatology. Consistent with tenets of objectification theory, body shame mediated the links of internalization and body surveillance with eating disorder symptoms. In addition, marginal Deaf identity attitudes (but not hearing, immersion, or bicultural attitudes) were linked uniquely with eating disorder constructs and had significant indirect relations through internalization with body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
A method for producing specific antisera with small doses of immunogen.

We have succeeded in producing specific antisera to the subunits of HCG and testosterone conjugates with one immunization of 20 to 100 μg of immunogen. The potential of the method for producing specific antisera to glycoprotein and other hormones with limited amounts of purified material prompts this report. Materials and Methods CR 100α and CR 100β, the subunits of HCG,. were prepared by Drs. R. E. Canfield and F. Morgan (1). Testosterone-3-(0-carboxymethy1) oxime was coupled to either bovine serum albumin (Armour) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (Calbiochem) (2). Equal volumes of complete Freund's adjuvant, a 0.15 M NaCl solution of the immunogen and dried tubercle bacilli (2.5 mg/ml of total mixture) were homogenized for 5–10 minutes at increasing speeds to maximum setting in a Sorvall Omnimixer. Fur was shaved from the back and proximal limbs of 3 month old New Zealand white rabbits and the emulsion administered intradermally at 30–50 sites so that each animal received a total of 2 ml of the emulsion. At...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Expression in Baboon Endometrial Stromal Cells: Regulation by Filamentous Actin and Requirement for de Novo Protein Synthesis

Stromal fibroblasts in the primate endometrium undergo dramatic morphological and biochemical changes in response to pregnancy. This transformation is characterized by the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1). Stromal cells from the baboon endometrium of nonpregnant animals were cultured and subsequently treated with cytochalasin D to disrupt actin filaments. In response to cytochalasin D treatment, cells contracted and became rounded as early as 10 min after the initiation of treatment. When cytochalasin D was removed, cells reverted back to their original fibroblastic shape within 1 h. After cells were treated with cytochalasin D for 5 h, addition of (Bu)2cAMP and/or hormones (estradiol, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and relaxin) resulted in the expression of IGFBP-1 messenger RNA and protein within 24 h. Cells with an intact cytoskeleton did not express detectable levels of IGFBP-1 in response to hormones and/or (Bu)2cAMP. Furthermore, the addition of cycloheximide inhibited expression of IGFBP-1 in cytochalasin D-treated cells. Stromal cells were also isolated from early pregnant and simulated pregnant animals. Within 48 h, cells from both the pregnant and simulated pregnant animals produced IGFBP-1 in response to hormones and/or (Bu)2cAMP. In these studies, IGFBP-1 expression was also inhibited by cycloheximide. These studies suggest that induction of IGFBP-1 requires an intermediary protein and that alterations in the cytoskeleton may be involved.
PICASSO: a graphical query language

SUMMARY PICASSO (PICture Aided Sophisticated Sketch Of database queries) is a graphics-based database query language designed for use with a universal relation database system. The primary objective of PICASSO is ease of use. Graphics are used to provide a simple method of expressing queries and to provide visual feedback to the user about the system's interpretation of the query. Inexperienced users can use the graphical feedback to aid them in formulating queries whereas experienced users can ignore the feedback. Inexperienced users can pose queries without knowing the details of underlying database schema and without learning the formal syntax of SQLlike query language. This paper presents the syntax of PICASSO queries and compares PICASSO queries with similar queries in standard relational query languages. Comparisons are also made with SystemAJ, a non-graphical universal relation system on which PICASSO is based. The hypergraph semantics of the universal relation are used as the foundation for PICASSO and their integration with a graphical workstation enhances the usability of database systems.
Persistent lower abdominal pain induced by long peritoneal shunt catheter

Persistent abdominal pain directly induced by a peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which is associated with no other complications such as bowel perforation, pseudocyst or infection, has not been previously reported. A 65-year-old woman with hydrocephalus developed persistent lower abdominal pain radiating to the perineal area after shunt insertion. Radiography suggested that the distal end of a peritoneal catheter was located in a cul-de-sac of the pelvis. Otherwise, all studies were negative for shunt infection, fluid collection, or other abdominal and pelvic events. The patient's pain resolved completely after surgery in which the peritoneal catheter was shortened. In the presence of unexplained, persistent lower abdominal pain after shunt placement, the need to shorten the peritoneal catheter should be considered.
Lipid Fluid-Gel Phase Transition Induced Alamethicin Orientational Change Probed by Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy.

Alamethicin has been extensively studied as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and is widely used as a simple model for ion channel proteins. It has been shown that the antimicrobial activity of AMPs is related to their cell membrane orientation, which may be influenced by the phase of the lipid molecules in the cell membrane. The “healthy” cell membranes contain fluid phase lipids, while gel phase lipids can be found in injured or aged cells or in some phase-separated membrane regions. Thus, investigations on how the phase of the lipids influences the membrane orientation of AMPs are important to understand more details regarding the AMP’s action on cell membranes. In this study, we determined the orientational changes of alamethicin molecules associated with planar substrate supported single lipid bilayers (serving as model cell membranes) with different phases (fluid or gel) as a function of peptide concentration using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. The phase changes of the lipid ...
TM4L: Creating and browsing educational topic maps

In this article, we describe TM4L, an environment for building, maintaining and using standards-based, ontology-aware e-learning repositories. It is based on the idea that concept-driven access to learning material implemented as a topic map can bridge the gap between a learner and targeted knowledge. One of the driving goals of this work is to increase the reusability of available educational resources by enabling the use of a developed subject ontology with courses on the same subject with different stricture. Another goal of TM4L is to support an efficient context-based retrieval of learning content tailored to the needs of a learner working on an educational task. The paper focuses on three aspects of the TM4L environment: domain modelling, editing capabilities and the interface for exploring the learning collection. The key features of the TM4L functionality are illustrated with some examples.
LIFO adoption and dividend payout

Adoption of the LIFO inventory costing method tends to decrease reported earnings but increases cash flows to adopting firms. This study examines the change in dividend payout ratios (cash dividends divided by earnings) accompanying LIFO adoption. The question addressed is whether adopting firms likely paid out incremental cash flows or retained them to the benefit of management. The evidence suggests that managers and directors adjusted payout ratios to partially offset the negative earnings effect of LIFO. The adjustments made were not sufficient in magnitude to achieve a neutral LIFO effect on dividend payout, and the net result was the retention of incremental cash flows generated by LIFO adoption.
Watermelon colon treated by argon plasma coagulation.

report of a gastric ulcer as a direct result of an LVAD or any other implantable device. We speculate that the gastric ulcer and subsequent perforation in our patient was caused by local ischemia that resulted from pressure exerted by the device on the gastric wall. Each mechanical pulsation of the device may further increase the pressure damage. GI complications of LVAD placement are common. With the growing use of these devices, it is necessary to be aware that they have the potential for GI complications.
Perceptions of credibility of treatment and placebo by treated and quasi-control subjects.

This study compared two methods for obtaining ratings on treatment credibility/expectancy-for-improvement. 100 students either received actual intervention for speech anxiety (“treated” subjects) or simply read procedural descriptions and rationales of two treatment methods and a placebo strategy (“written exposure” subjects). Although there were no differences in ratings of credibility initially, treated subjects' ratings were significantly higher than those given written exposure by the end of the treatment. The findings suggest that researchers assess credibility within the context of actual intervention rather than rely exclusively on “quasi-control” data. The former method may provide a stronger basis for determining whether differences in outcome between groups are attributable to active therapeutic ingredients or to clients' differential expectancies for change.
Laser-induced fluorescence and resonance Raman spectra of interhalogen diatomics isolated in inert matrices at 12 K

Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence and resonance Raman spectra were obtained from iodine monochloride and bromine chloride isolated in argon matrices and from BrCl in a krypton matrix, leading to values of ω e , ω e x e , and T 0 for these matrix isolated species. A strong resonance Raman progression from iodine monobromide isolated in an argon matrix led to values of ω e and ω e x e for that molecule. Isotopic splitting was resolved in fluorescence spectra of BrCl and ICl and in the resonance Raman series from isolated IBr. Spectroscopic constants obtained for these molecules were compared to the reported gas phase values, and conclusions were drawn concerning fluorecence and Raman effects for homonuclear and heteronuclear halogen diatomics in the gas phase and isolated in inert gas matrices.
Self-diffusion in molten salts: Cd in CdCl2-KCl☆

Abstract 1. (1) A novel method for the determination of diffusion coefficients in fused salts is described. It would permit investigations of the diffusion of ions in molten salts under an applied potential gradient. 2. (2) The diffusion coefficient of Cd in molten CdCl2-KCl increases with increasing molar fraction of KCl until this reaches 50 mol per cent and thereafter decreases. 3. (3) Molten CdCl2 contains associated CdCl2 which breaks down increasingly upon addition of KCl. The ions formed are complexed to CdCl3−. This ion is the predominant Cd-containing entity at compositions above 50 mol per cent KCl. Application of the model to an interpretation of the conductance isotherms in the system suggests a reason for the “hump” in these curves.
They say it runs in the family: diabetes and inheritance in Oaxaca, Mexico.

Abstract The globalization of genetic discourses, especially where ethnicity is treated as a “risk factor” for disease, deserves special attention and concern. In countries such as Mexico, with large indigenous populations, the consequences of the Thrifty Genotype hypothesis and/or the attribution of type 2 diabetes to “family history” may be especially detrimental to poor rural communities, playing as they do into existing racial hierarchies. Based on semi-structured interviews with doctors and patients in a public clinic in a community near Oaxaca, Mexico, the study examines etiologies for type 2 diabetes. While notions of genetic inheritance and family history figure prominently in government and public health discourse, the “explanatory model” of patients places most emphasis on strong emotions, traumatic events, and dietary factors. Clinic doctors emphasize diet and lifestyle factors. The diffusion of “genetic risk” has had little impact on doctor–patient interactions in this community, but can be clearly seen in academic research, government policy, and medical specialties in the region, raising concerns about whether or not interventions will be directed at the social determinants of this growing health concern.
Comparative morphology of Lacazia loboi (syn. Loboa loboi) in dolphins and humans

Lacazia loboi (syn. Loboa loboi), the etiological agent of lobomycosis, was compared in human and dolphin tissue using light and electron microscopy, and computer-assisted morphometrics. The histological features of the lesions were similar; however, preliminary electron microscopy data indicates that cell wall destruction may vary in the two hosts. Calcofluor stained tissue sections of human and dolphin tissue were examined with UV light microscopy and the images digitized. Measurements of area, minimum and maximum diameters, and perimeter were made. Student's t-test (alpha = 0.01) revealed that L. loboi cells infecting dolphin tissue were significantly smaller than those infecting human tissue. This study represents the first comparative analysis of the morphology of the etiological agent of this disease in its two known natural hosts. The data indicate that the organism may not be identical in the two hosts.
Effect of soyasaponin I on the oxidation of corn oil and lard

The antioxidant activity of soyasaponin I added to corn oil (100 and 1000 mg kg−1) and lard (567 mg kg−1) has been examined. In corn oil oxidised at 40°C no effect was observed as measured by the increase in conjugated diene hydroperoxide. In corn oil oxidised at 180°C there was no effect as measured by both thiobarbituric acid values and the loss of unsaturated fatty acids. Soyasaponin I conferred no additional stability to lard measured by an induction period on the Rancimat apparatus at 100°C. The results obtained do not support a recently implied antioxidant role for this saponin.
CARES: Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival.

Despite 3 decades of scientific progress, rates of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remain low. The Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) was created to provide communities with a means to identify cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, measure how well emergency medical services (EMS) perform key elements of emergency cardiac care, and determine outcomes through hospital discharge. CARES collects data from 3 sources—911 dispatch, EMS, and receiving hospitals—and links them to form a single record. Once data entry is completed, individual identifiers are stripped from the record. The anonymity of CARES records allows participating agencies and institutions to compile cases without informed consent. CARES generates standard reports that can be used to characterize the local epidemiology of cardiac arrest and help managers determine how well EMS is delivering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care. After pilot implementation in Atlanta, GA, and subsequent expansion to 7 surrounding counties, CARES was implemented in 22 US cities with a combined population of 14 million people. Additional cities are interested in joining the registry. CARES currently contains more than 13,000 cases and is growing rapidly.
A Simple Model of Crime Waves, Riots, and Revolutions

Standard economic models of criminal behavior analyze the criminal's decision in a partial equilibrium context. The standard model does not recognize that the probability of being punished is a function of the total amount of crime that occurs. As the total amount of crime increases, police resources become strained, courts become congested, and prisons become overcrowded. As a result, proportionately fewer criminals are apprehended, convicted, and imprisoned. The feedback effects from one criminal's decision to participate in crime to another criminal's decision can be highly significant. In one parameterization of the model developed here, the individual commits twice as many crimes for a given parameter shift than is implied by the standard model. The model also sheds light on other areas where criminal actions are interdependent such as riots, crime waves, and revolutions.
Knowledge-based defuzzification

Abstract We suggest a new approach to the problem of defuzzification. This approach is a knowledge-based approach in that it uses knowledge in terms of combinability function to help to more intelligently guide the defuzzification process. This approach makes use of a view of the defuzzification process as a kind of clustering problem and uses the basic idea used in the mountain clustering method.