cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing dependence matrices to investigate relationships between national football league combine event performances

The National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine takes place annually for the purpose of allowing NFL teams to evaluate prospects. The battery of six physical tests receives a great deal of attention, and are a focus of team personnel as well as fans of NFL teams. Recently, some have suggested that the current battery of tests should be modified. This work aims to characterize the multivariate dependence structure between tests for Combine prospects, for both typical and elite-level performers, for the purpose of better understanding the current battery of tests before making modifications. Through analysis of two pairwise dependence matrices, one quantifying dependence in the center of the distribution and the other quantifying dependence in the tails of the distribution, this analysis finds that several events show differing levels of association, and that fewer Combine events may be sufficient going forward.
Perceived Venture Capital Support

Venture capital researchers have struggled to find definitive evidence of the added benefit venture capital organizations can offer new ventures. Additionally, management researchers on the micro a...
Publications: 1846–1855

During the decade spanning his return from Italy and his departure for Gottingen, twenty-one publications by Dirichlet appeared. Discounting translations and excerpts, these represent thirteen separate contributions. They differ from his previous work in several respects.
Replicability and randomization test logic in behavior analysis

Randomization tests are a class of nonparametric statistics that determine the significance of treatment effects. Unlike parametric statistics, randomization tests do not assume a random sample, or make any of the distributional assumptions that often preclude statistical inferences about single-case data. A feature that randomization tests share with parametric statistics, however, is the derivation of a p-value. P-values are notoriously misinterpreted and are partly responsible for the putative "replication crisis." Behavior analysts might question the utility of adding such a controversial index of statistical significance to their methods, so it is the aim of this paper to describe the randomization test logic and its potentially beneficial consequences. In doing so, this paper will: (1) address the replication crisis as a behavior analyst views it, (2) differentiate the problematic p-values of parametric statistics from the, arguably, more useful p-values of randomization tests, and (3) review the logic of randomization tests and their unique fit within the behavior analytic tradition of studying behavioral processes that cut across species.
Maladaptation beyond a geographic range limit driven by antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions across an abiotic gradient

Species' geographic range limits often result from maladaptation to the novel environments beyond the range margin. However, we rarely know which aspects of the n-dimensional environment are driving this maladaptation. Especially of interest is the influence of abiotic versus biotic factors in delimiting species' distributions. We conducted a 2-year reciprocal transplant experiment involving manipulations of the biotic environment to explore how spatiotemporal gradients in precipitation, fatal mammalian herbivory, and pollination affected lifetime fitness within and beyond the range of the California annual plant, Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. In the first, drier year of the experiment, fitness outside the range edge was limited mainly by low precipitation, and there was some evidence for local adaptation within the range. In the second, wetter year, we did not observe abiotic limitations to plant fitness outside the range; instead biotic interactions, especially herbivory, limited fitness outside the range. Together, protection from herbivory and supplementation of pollen resulted in three- to sevenfold increases in lifetime fitness outside the range margin in the abiotically benign year. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of biotic interactions, particularly as they interact with the abiotic environment, in determining fitness beyond geographic range boundaries.
Commentary: Crossing the Digital Divide--How Race, Class, and Culture Matter.

The opening remarks offered by Swensen, Rozema, Young, McGrail, and Whitin (2005) make a significant contribution by creating a space for reflection and subsequent action at the intersection of English teacher preparation and technology. In their introduction, they note that educators should not assume that the adoption of these newer technologies is inevitable, or that such advances necessarily signal fully desirable outcomes. Although this may be true, and truer still that schools have been notoriously slow in implementing technological change (ditto machines are still alive and well in many school buildings as the primary means of duplicating documents, for example), it is also true that the integration of such technologies into the workplace and in public schools has more than just begun. The discussion about English teacher preparation and technology is necessary and one already well overdue, given the phenomenal gains technology has made and the pervasiveness of its flowering in modern American culture.
Aquaporin-4 Dysregulation in a Controlled Cortical Impact Injury Model of Posttraumatic Epilepsy.

Abstract Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a long-term negative consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which recurrent spontaneous seizures occur after the initial head injury. PTE develops over an undefined period during which circuitry reorganization in the brain causes permanent hyperexcitability. The pathophysiology by which trauma leads to spontaneous seizures is unknown and clinically relevant models of PTE are key to understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of PTE. In the present study, we used the controlled-cortical impact (CCI) injury model of TBI to induce PTE in mice and to characterize changes in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression. A moderate-severe TBI was induced in the right frontal cortex and video-electroencephalographic (vEEG) recordings were performed in the ipsilateral hippocampus to monitor for spontaneous seizures at 14, 30, 60, and 90 days post injury (dpi). The percentage of mice that developed PTE were 13%, 20%, 27%, and 14% at 14, 30, 60, and 90 dpi, respectively. We found a significant increase in AQP4 in the ipsilateral frontal cortex and hippocampus of mice that developed PTE compared to those that did not develop PTE. Interestingly, AQP4 was found to be mislocalized away from the perivascular endfeet and towards the neuropil in mice that developed PTE. Here, we report for the first time, AQP4 dysregulation in a model of PTE which may carry significant implications for epileptogenesis after TBI.
Pulmonary hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea.

Citation:Nokes B, Raza H, Malhotra A. Pulmonary hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(4):649.
Air Quality and Environmental Injustice in India: Connecting Particulate Pollution to Social Disadvantages

While air pollution levels in India are amongst the highest in the world, the link between exposure to air pollution and social disadvantages has not been systematically examined. Using a distributive environmental justice framework, this study connects fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration data derived from satellite observations, a global chemical transport model, and ground-based measurements to district level socio-demographic information from the 2011 Census of India. The research objectives are to determine if annual average PM2.5 concentrations (2010) and recent increases in average PM2.5 concentrations (2010-2016) are unequally distributed with respect to socially disadvantaged population and household groups, after controlling for relevant contextual factors and spatial clustering. Overall, more than 85% of people and households in India reside in districts where international air quality standards for PM2.5 are exceeded. Although PM2.5 concentration levels are significantly higher in more urbanized districts located predominantly in northern India, recent increases have occurred in less urbanized areas located mainly in southern and central India. Multivariable statistical analysis indicated: (1) higher PM2.5 concentration in districts with higher percentages of Scheduled Castes (SCs), young children, and households in poor condition residence and without toilets; and (2) higher PM2.5 increases in less urbanized districts with higher percentages of SCs, females, children, people with disabilities, and households with no toilets. These findings thus highlight the need to consider the role of air pollution in exacerbating the consequences of social disadvantages in India.
Prevalence of Effective Audit-and-Feedback Practices in Primary Care Settings: A Qualitative Examination Within Veterans Health Administration:

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to uncover and catalog the various practices for delivering and disseminating clinical performance in various Veterans Affairs (VA) locations and to evaluate t...
Molecular Dynamics to Predict Cryo-EM: Capturing Transitions and Short-Lived Conformational States of Biomolecules

Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized the field of the structural biology, providing an access to the atomic resolution structures of large biomolecular complexes in their near-native environment. Today’s cryo-EM maps can frequently reach the atomic-level resolution, while often containing a range of resolutions, with conformationally variable regions obtained at 6 A or worse. Low resolution density maps obtained for protein flexible domains, as well as the ensemble of coexisting conformational states arising from cryo-EM, poses new challenges and opportunities for Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. With the ability to describe the biomolecular dynamics at the atomic level, MD can extend the capabilities of cryo-EM, capturing the conformational variability and predicting biologically relevant short-lived conformational states. Here, we report about the state-of-the-art MD procedures that are currently used to refine, reconstruct and interpret cryo-EM maps. We show the capability of MD to predict short-lived conformational states, finding remarkable confirmation by cryo-EM structures subsequently solved. This has been the case of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing machinery, whose catalytically active structure has been predicted through both long-time scale MD and enhanced sampling techniques 2 years earlier than cryo-EM. In summary, this contribution remarks the ability of MD to complement cryo-EM, describing conformational landscapes and relating structural transitions to function, ultimately discerning relevant short-lived conformational states and providing mechanistic knowledge of biological function.
Nonlinear infrared polaritonic interaction between cavities mediated by molecular vibrations at ultrafast time scale

Realizing nonlinear interactions between spatially separated particles can advance molecular science and technology, including remote catalysis of chemical reactions, ultrafast processing of information in infrared (IR) photonic circuitry, and advanced platforms for quantum simulations with increased complexity. Here, we achieved nonlinear interactions at ultrafast time scale between polaritons contained in spatially adjacent cavities in the mid-IR regime, altering polaritons in one cavity by pumping polaritons in an adjacent one. This was done by strong coupling molecular vibrational modes with photon modes, a process that combines characteristics of both photon delocalization and molecular nonlinearity. The dual photon/molecule character of polaritons enables delocalized nonlinearity-a property that neither molecular nor cavity mode would have alone.
Balanced mitochondrial and cytosolic translatomes underlie the biogenesis of human respiratory complexes

Abstract Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes consist of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits. Their biogenesis requires cross-compartment gene regulation to mitigate the accumulation of disproportionate subunits. To determine how human cells coordinate mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression processes, we established an optimized ribosome profiling approach tailored for the unique features of the human mitoribosome. Analysis of ribosome footprints in five cell types revealed that average mitochondrial synthesis rates corresponded precisely to cytosolic rates across OXPHOS complexes. Balanced mitochondrial and cytosolic synthesis did not rely on rapid feedback between the two translation systems. Rather, LRPPRC, a gene associated with Leigh’s syndrome, is required for the reciprocal translatomes and maintains cellular proteostasis. Based on our findings, we propose that human mitonuclear balance is enabled by matching OXPHOS subunit synthesis rates across cellular compartments, which may represent a vulnerability for cellular proteostasis.
Counterfactual Explanations for Multivariate Time Series

Multivariate time series are used in many science and engineering domains, including health-care, astronomy, and high-performance computing. A recent trend is to use machine learning (ML) to process this complex data and these ML-based frameworks are starting to play a critical role for a variety of applications. However, barriers such as user distrust or difficulty of debugging need to be overcome to enable widespread adoption of such frameworks in production systems. To address this challenge, we propose a novel explainability technique, CoMTE, that provides counterfactual explanations for supervised machine learning frameworks on multivariate time series data. Using various machine learning frameworks and data sets, we compare CoMTE with several state-of-the-art explainability methods and show that we outperform existing methods in comprehensibility and robustness. We also show how CoMTE can be used to debug machine learning frameworks and gain a better understanding of the underlying multivariate time series data.
The Feasibility of Blinding Intraoperative Electro-Auricular Acupuncture Under Neuraxial Anesthesia.

Objective: Demand for complementary medicine, in particular, acupuncture, has increased over the past few years but widespread acceptance has been limited, in part, by the lack of high-quality stud...
Application of Computer Vision and Image Processing for Micro Deformation

In this study, a micro deformation monitoring system was designed for metal plate based on computer vision. A rhombic mark on the aluminum plate was made to measure the micro deformation inside the aluminum sheet. For achieving high accuracy, the sub-pixel-level corner detection was applied to achieve the corner coordinates information of the mark. The micro deformation would be calculated in real deformation situation by using the proposed method. This monitoring system could be used in industrial production to detect whether samples slightly deformed.
Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction Reduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP. Methods and analysis The protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible. Ethics and dissemination This is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020212128.
Evaluation of Lee et al.: Clarity and interpretation of mutual information in promoter transfer functions.

Summary One snapshot of the peer review process for “Mapping the dynamic transfer functions of eukaryotic gene regulation” ( Lee et al., 2021 ) appears below.
A study of transference and solvation phenomena—VI: Hydrochloric acid in water and water-ethanol solvents

Abstract Transference and solvation phenomena for the ions of hydrochloric acid in water, 99·7 weight per cent ethanol, and water-ethanol solvents have been studied. The transference number of the cation as a function of acid concentration in water and in 99·7 weight per cent ethanol and as a function of solvent composition are presented graphically and discussed in relation to Grotthus and ordinary conduction of the hydrogen ion and in relation to relative solvation of hydrogen and chloride ions. The amount of solvent transferred from anode to cathode is also presented graphically and discussed in relation to the transference numbers of the ions.
Estate Planning for the Non-Native Son

MANY persons have come to California after acquiring substantial property elsewhere. If such property is attributable to earnings during marriage, special estate planning questions arise. It is the purpose of this article to consider these questions and put forward a few tentative answers. Originally the Civil Code contained no provisions dealing specifically with the community or separate character of property brought to California by married persons. The early cases uniformly held, in consonance with usual conflicts principles, that California land purchased with funds earned by the husband in another state was the separate property of the husband, if his earnings were his separate property when received.' The rule held whether the spouses, when the issue arose, were residents of California' or of another state.' It produced harsh effects upon the death of either spouse, for the rights of dower and curtesy, of which the spouses had generally had the benefit in the state where the funds were acquired, did not attach to California land.Hence it was possible for the husband to cut off his wife completely by his will, at least where the entire estate consisted of realty. The legislature moved to the wife's5 rescue with an amendment6 to Section 164 of the Civil Code, providing that California real property, and personal property wherever situated, "acquired while domiciled elsewhere, which would not have been the separate property of either if acquired while domiciled in this state, is community property" (emphasis added). To a decision of the supreme court that the amendment was not intended to apply retroactively to property acquired before it became effective,7 the legislature responded with a further amendments expressly making the quoted provision retroactive. This directly raised the question of constitutionality of the retroactive feature (a point reserved in the Frees' case), which was an-
Adolescent all-terrain vehicle deaths in West Virginia, 1990-1998.

West Virginia had the third highest number of ATV-related deaths and the highest death rate among all states from 1990-98. Adolescents were identified as a particularly high-risk ATV user group. Fatality data from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission indicated that one-quarter (25 of 101) of the state's ATV-related deaths occurred among children 16 and younger. Only one victim was wearing a helmet at the time of their fatal crash and nearly 70% of the victims were males. The average years of potential life lost was 64.2. WV's adolescent death rate of 0.67 per 100,000 was 5 times higher than the national rate. Young ATV drivers exacerbate the inherent dangers associated with ATVs through poor judgment and risk-taking. Health care providers should utilize "teachable moments" to emphasize ATV safety to their young patients and their parents, but more importantly, adults must become role models by embracing and teaching practical preventive measures.
The Transcendental Phenomenological Building-Up of Primordial Quasi-Objective Space. The Transcendental Phenomenological “Deduction” of Time

It is apparent from the course of our investigation so far that the words, “space” and “spaces,” are infected with an ambiguity of almost Pickwickian proportions. Indeed, the ambiguity would seem to be unavoidable for “space” (and “time,” as will be seen in later sections) in one meaning of the word, “space,” can be intended to and posited without intending to and positing existent, real individual physical things. However, in another meaning of the word, “space,” it cannot be intended to and posited without necessarily intending to and positing existent, real individual physical things. And these meanings of “space” have been ascertained by showing that constituting of the spatial aspect of the real, objective world includes constituting of many substrata in primary passivity which are foundations of the perception of the spatial aspect of the real, objective world. Therefore, if we understand by “space” (and “time”) prespatio-temporality, and by “existent, real individual physical things” identical sensa, then we may say that “space” (and “time”) can be intended to and posited without necessarily intending to and positing existent, real individual physical things because there is a clearly distinguishable substratum of space constitution “below” it (“prespace” in the narrower meaning of the term, “prespace”).
Private Interests Count Too

Along with concerns about the deleterious effects of politically driven government intervention on science are the intrusion of private sector interests into the conduct of research and the reporting of its results. Scientists are generally unprepared for the challenges posed by private interests seeking to advance their economic, political, or ideological agendas. They must educate and prepare themselves for assaults on scientific freedom, not because it is a legal right, but rather because social progress depends on it.
Small Bowel Obstruction

Small bowel obstruction is a common indication for surgical consultation and is most commonly the result of adhesive disease from previous surgeries. Failure to appropriately recognize bowel obstruction can have significant consequences on bowel viability and can progress to significant intestinal loss, perforation, septicemia, and even death. While the old adage to “never let the sun rise or set on a small-bowel obstruction” may be outdated with modern radiographic imaging, failure to act expeditiously on a small bowel obstruction can have significant morbidity.
Continuum modeling of coupled oscillator arrays with coupling delay

[1] The previously published linearized continuum model of a linear (one-dimensional) array of mutually injection locked oscillators is generalized to include the effects of time delay in the interoscillator coupling. This generalization is motivated by a desire for causal solutions describing the dynamics of the phase distribution in the aperture of a phase array antenna driven by such an array of oscillators. The solutions for the phase dynamics will, in general, be noncausal unless the coupling delay is taken into account. In the present formulation the coupling delay is represented by an exponential factor introduced in the Laplace transform of the partial differential equation arising in the continuum model. As a result of this, the transform of the phase distribution exhibits an infinite set of branch points in the complex frequency plane and the inverse transform is computed as the sum of the integrals around the branch cuts.
Becoming Better Health Care Providers: Outcomes of a Primary Care Service-Learning Project in Medical School

Medical educators have begun to embrace service-learning as a method for teaching medical students to be more socially responsible, patient-oriented practitioners. However, research documenting the learning outcomes of service-learning in medical education is limited. In this paper, written documents generated through evaluation of a mandatory, structured community service-learning experience were analyzed qualitatively to discover the diverse learning outcomes among 24 students who participated in the experience. Preliminary findings indicate that students developed skills and attitudes directly related to competencies of concern in most U.S. medical programs. These preliminary findings may help other programs articulate learning outcomes for their service-learning programs. Further, these preliminary findings may stimulate more systematic research (qualitative and quantitative) in this area.
High performance array processor for video decoding

In this paper, high performance array processor for signal processing algorithms with high computational complexities is implemented using 0.16 /spl mu/m CMOS standard cell library. The proposed array processor consists of simple processing elements. The architectural benefits of highly regular, parallel, and pipelined processing elements simplify the design of complex signal processing systems and enable high throughput rate by massive parallel computations. We show the utility of the proposed architecture as a configurable core by mapping inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT), motion compensation (MC), and inverse quantization (IQ) onto the proposed fabric. In addition, we propose a novel scheme that integrates the inverse quantization part of video decoding into the 2-D IDCT process simplifying computational logics. The results show that a high throughput rate to meet the real-time requirement is effectively achieved by exploiting the properties of both compressed video data statistics and the array processor architecture.
A Conferência do Cairo sobre População e Desenvolvimento e o paradigma de Huntington

The Cairo Conference on Population and Development and the Huntington's paradigm. When defining the clash of civilizations as the new paradigm for internacional relations in the post-Cold War world, Samuel Huntington did not take into consideration another possibility of conflict and alliances of States, which became apparent at the Cairo Conference on Population and Development in 1994, based on divergences between religious and secular options. This article describes the Cairo Conference, with its innovative approach to the theme of population, showing that, while on that occasion a new division of the world into two antagonistic mega-blocks was avoided, tension between those two ideological forces goes on.
Inelastic tunneling shot noise in quantum dot systems

We analyze the role of inelastic electron scattering by phonons on current and its fluctuations in a quantum dot (QD) between two leads nonperturbatively using a recently developed mapping of the many-body electron-phonon coupling problem onto a multichannel single-electron scattering problem. Using the Buttiker scattering theory of noise correlations in a two-terminal mesoscopic conductor, we derive explicit expressions for current and zero-frequency current-current fluctuations in terms of transmission and reflection amplitudes. The derived formulae are used to calculate the shot noise properties of quantum dot systems.
C ( K ) quotients of separable ℒ ∞ spaces

It is shown that ifX is an ℒ⫗ space with separable dual, thenX has a quotient isomorphic toC(ω)α if, and only if, there is anɛ >0, such that theɛ-Szlenk index ofX is at leastα. It was previously known, that ifX is a separable ℒ⫗ space with a non-separable dual, thenX has a quotient isomorphic toC[0, 1].
Analysis of the subtractive algorithm for greatest common divisors

The sum of all partial quotients in the regular continued fraction expansions of m/n, for 1 ≤m≤n, is shown to be 6Π-2 n(ln n)2+ O(n log n(log log n)2). This result is applied to the analysis of what is perhaps the oldest nontrivial algorithm for number-theoretic computations.
The inheritance of a branching type in soybean

Many environmental factors including plant spacing, photoperiod, and plant nutrition can affect the number and distribution of branches on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants. Differences in branching have been noted among soybean lines, but because of the strong environmental influences on branching very little is known of the genetic control of this trait. The lack of information about the genetic control of branching in soybean limits the modifications that can be made in soybean plant architecture. Experimental lines developed from the cross of PI 391.583 (Jilin No.10) by PI 189.916 were found to have very different branching patterns. The low-branching type had fewer branches and the branches were restricted to the lower portion of the main stem. The high-branching type had more branches and many branches originated at the upper nodes giving the plant a bushy appearance. Crosses were made among four lines of similar and different branching types in order to study inheritance. When similar branching types were crossed no segregation for branching type was observed among progeny. Crosses between high and low branching types produced progeny that segregated in a 9:7 ratio. It was necessary to observe the F 2:3 families in order to accurately determine the genotype of the F 2 plants. These data indicate that two dominant alleles at independent loci were necessary to produce the high branching phenotype. The gene symbols Br1 and Br2 are proposed for these loci.
The Environmental Footprint of War

Warfare and the physical environment have always shared a close and intercon nected relationship. Until recently, historical writings have mainly focused on the environmental factors influencing the outcome of battle and not the effects of war on the environment. While a growing body of literature has begun to address the effects of war on the environment, many aspects of the direct effects of battle on the environment still require attention. Warfare, a powerful agent of landscape change, is a unique form of landscape disturbance in that it is often larger in magnitude and size than other forms of anthropogenic disturbance, such as mining or logging. War is also unique as an anthropogenic agent of change because of its capability to render such widespread destruction over large areas in such short periods of time. Despite the magnitude of landscape disturbance associated with modern warfare, however, it is seldom recognised as a significant form of anthropogenic disturbance. The destruction associated with modern warfare is particularly catastrophic due to the extent, magnitude and duration of contemporary wars. These large magnitude disturbances radi cally alter the shape of the landscape, limiting the ability of the landscape to revert back to its original state. This article addresses the direct impacts of war on the physical landscape and why the magnitude of disturbance has increased significantly over the past century.
Yeast viral RNA polymerase is a transcriptase.

Abstract ScV-L is a simple double-stranded RNA virus of yeast, consisting of a 4.8 kilobase pair double-stranded RNA (L) encapsidated in isometric particles composed mainly of one polypeptide (ScV-Pl) of 88,000 daltons. L encodes ScV-Pl. There is a capsid-associated RNA polymerase that synthesizes in vitro predominantly single-stranded RNA. We show that this polymerase activity is a transcriptase, at the least one product of which is the mRNA for ScV-Pl. The transcript, like its template, is uncapped.
Diagnosis of the record minimum in Arctic sea ice area during 1990 and associated snow cover extremes

The Arctic sea ice cover exhibited its record minimum area during 1990, characterized by extensive ice-free conditions during August along the Siberian coast. These reductions are consistent with warm, windy conditions in May and continued warmth in June promoting early melt and reductions in ice concentration, followed in August by strong coastal winds forcing a final breakup and retreat of the pack ice. The unusually warm Arctic conditions in 1990 are part of a larger-scale temperature anomaly pattern, linking the sea ice anomaly to accompanying record minima in Eurasian snow cover.
Acclimation conditions modify physiological response of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to elevated CO2 concentrations in a nitrate-limited chemostat

Diatoms are responsible for a large proportion of global carbon fixation, with the possibility that they may fix more carbon under future levels of high CO2 . To determine how increased CO2 concentrations impact the physiology of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal, nitrate-limited chemostats were used to acclimate cells to a recent past (333 ± 6 μatm) and two projected future concentrations (476 ± 18 μatm, 816 ± 35 μatm) of CO2 . Samples were harvested under steady-state growth conditions after either an abrupt (15-16 generations) or a longer acclimation process (33-57 generations) to increased CO2 concentrations. The use of un-bubbled chemostat cultures allowed us to calculate the uptake ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon relative to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIC:DIN), which was strongly correlated with fCO2 in the shorter acclimations but not in the longer acclimations. Both CO2 treatment and acclimation time significantly affected the DIC:DIN uptake ratio. Chlorophyll a per cell decreased under elevated CO2 and the rates of photosynthesis and respiration decreased significantly under higher levels of CO2 . These results suggest that T. pseudonana shifts carbon and energy fluxes in response to high CO2 and that acclimation time has a strong effect on the physiological response.
Identifying causal mechanisms that explain the emergence of the Modern Dutch State

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to advance an analytical approach that systematically seeks to identify social mechanisms that generate and explain observed associations between events. In spite of recent contributions to animate the search for explanatory mechanisms, most of these monographs extol the theoretical while eschewing its application to applied research. This study emphasizes a systematic approach to identifying causal processes derived from critical realism by applying a realist template to research projects that claim to have identified causal mechanisms. A critical realist framework serves as an independent standard in order to evaluate whether two proposed mechanisms, identified in applied research, adequately explain the phenomenon under study. The Disciplinary Revolution (Gorski 2003) and The Familial State (Adams 2005) are used as sources of data since each work attempts to explain the emergence of the modern Dutch state yet by differing causal mechanisms. Realism’s approach to und...
Using predictive distributions to estimate uncertainty in classifying landmine targets

ABSTRACT Typical classification models used for detection of buried landmines estimate a singular discriminative output. This classification is based on a model or technique trained with a given set of training data available during system development. Regardless of how well the technique performs when classifying objects that are 'similar' to the training set, most models produce undesirable (and many times unpredictable) responses when presented with object classes different from the training data. This can cause mines or othe r explosive objects to be miscla ssified as clutter, or false alarms. Bayesian regression and classification models produce distributions as output, called the predictive distribution. This paper will discuss predictive distributions and their application to characterizing uncertainty in the classification decision, from the context of landmine dete ction. Specifically, experiments comp aring the predictive variance produced by relevance vector machines and Gaussian processes will be described. We demonstrate that pr edictive variance can be used to determine the uncertainty of the model in classifying an object (i.e., the classifier will know when it's unable to reliably classify an object). The experimental results suggest that degenerate covariance models (such as the relevance vector machine) are not reliable in estimating the predictive variance. This necessitates the use of the Gaussian Process in creating the predictive distribution. Keywords: predictive distributions, Gaussian process, relevance vector machine, classification, classification variance, landmine detection
Partial elucidation of an anti-hapten repertoire in BALB/c mice: Comparative characterization of several monoclonal anti-fluorescyl antibodies

Abstract The anti-fluorescyl repertoire in BALB/c mice was examined by producing nine hybridomas secreting antibodies with fluorescein specificity. All nine purified monoclonal anti-fluorescyl antibodies contained kappa light chains and gamma heavy chains (IgG1 and IgG2). Isoelectric focusing profiles of reduced and alkylated Ig preparations demonstrated restricted, yet relatively different spectrotypes. Collectively, the hybridomas provided a diverse range of antibody affinities as determined by several methods, including dissociation rate and ligand inhibition studies. Homogeneity of purified preparations was confirmed by dissociation rate experiments which showed that each monoclonal anti-fluorescyl preparation exhibited a single first-order off-rate. Competitive inhibition experiments with structurally related ligands indicated a high degree of fine specificity. Absorption profiles of bound fluorescein revealed distinct relative differences within the active sites of the molecules studied, and suggested the lack of any apparent correlation between affinity and wavelength maximum. Characteristics of the clones are discussed in terms of the range and prevalence of anti-fluorescyl antibody affinities and the diversity of possible binding mechanisms.
CELL CYCLE KINETICS OF ENDOREDUPLICATION IN GAMMA‐IRRADIATED ROOT MERISTEMS OF PISUM SATIVUM

Label and mitotic indices and microspectrophotometry of unlabeled interphase cells were used to measure the proportion of root meristem cells of Pisum sativum in each cell cycle stage after exposure to protracted gamma irradiation. Three seedling types were investigated: 1) intact seedlings, 2) seedlings with cotyledons detached and treated with lanolin paste applied to the area of cotyledon excision, and 3) seedlings with detached cotyledons and treated with a G2 Factor applied to the area of cotyledon excision in lanolin paste. In intact seedling meristems, predominant cell arrest occurred with a 4C amount of DNA while 0.30 of the cells underwent endoreduplication to arrest with an 8C amount of DNA. Only 0.07 cells arrested with a 2C amount of DNA. Polyploid cells were produced several days after the start of irradiation and were derived from a diploid cell population. In seedlings exposed to lanolin only, without cotyledons, most cells arrested with a 2C amount of DNA with no polyploid cells. In seedlings exposed to a G2 Factor in lanolin after cotyledon excision, most cells arrested with a 4C amount of DNA but no cells underwent endoreduplication. These experimental results suggest that the G2 Factor derived from cotyledons of Pisum sativum was necessary for predominant cell arrest in G2 but alone was not sufficient for the polyploidization step.
Culture tales. A narrative approach to thinking, cross-cultural psychology, and psychotherapy.

Narrative (or storytelling) approaches to understanding human action have recently become more popular in several areas of psychology. Treating human thinking as instances of story elaboration offers numerous implications for many domains of psychological theory, research, and practice. For example, several instances of cultural diversity take on a different hue when viewed from a narrative perspective. Finally, several authors (e.g., Bruner, 1986; Howard, 1989; Mair, 1989; McAdams, 1985; Polkinghorne, 1988; Sarbin, 1986) see the development of identity as an issue of life-story construction; psychopathology as instances of life stories gone awry; and psychotherapy as exercises in story repair.
Anesthesiology physician scientists in academic medicine: a wake-up call.

Physician scientists perform biomedical research ranging from fundamental molecular studies to clinical trials. As such, physician scientists have a pivotal role in the biomedical research enterprise. The foundation for physician scientist leadership in the subspecialty of anesthesiology is highly dependent on the success of young investigators as they develop independent careers involving basic and clinical investigation. Hence, a leading priority of anesthesiology must be to nurture the academic careers of physician scientists within the specialty. Over the past decade, during a period of budgetary expansion by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the number of NIH grant applications from physicians, in contrast to the number of grant proposals from Ph.D. scientists, has been slow to increase. Likewise, growth in NIH awards to physicians working in anesthesiology departments has also been slow.1 Junior clinical anesthesiology faculty across the country find their ability to develop NIH-funded research programs limited by inadequate or overly fragmented research start-up time and by inconsistent approaches to research mentoring. In concert, the recent abrupt decrease in rate of growth of NIH funding now threatens not only the pace of our progress, but survival of physician scientist activity within anesthesiology. Based on these observations, anesthesiology is at risk of losing its status as a respected academic discipline within the broader biomedical community. Based on historic analysis of periods of limited NIH budgets, critical analysis of anesthesiology research training programs relative to peer academic specialties,1 and considering the forecasted continued high demand for clinical manpower in our academic medical centers, we present the case for radical change in our approach to training within the specialty. Although effective solutions will require significant sacrifice by all sectors of the specialty, we propose that modest steps are far too late and will no longer succeed. This article, while seeking to inform and educate, is above all a passionate call for decisive action.
From the Editor of Sexuality and Disability: International Knowledge on Sexuality and Disability Shared to Have Meaning and Impact

Welcome! Sexuality and Disability continues to provide original impact articles addressing the mental health and medical aspects of sexuality in relation to rehabilitation, hospital, academic and community settings, publishing up-to-date articles, case studies, clinical practice reports, reviews, featured articles, historical articles, special grand rounds topics, brief research reports and survey data reports. Value benefit is provided to authors through worldwide electronic exposure and professional access, while readership gains from scholarly contributions to advance the field through research, best-practice and educational articles. The refined lens of individual contributions from the local and international community continues to deliver a wealth of information on the topic of sexuality and disability for the reader. Thank you for being a part of our international professional network. In the September 2014 issue, hot topics include the Cancer, HIV/AIDS, Autism, Down’s syndrome, Spinal Cord Injury, and Learners with disabilities, as well as examining challenging psychosocial issues. Look for Special Theme issue coming soon, ‘‘The intersection of sexuality and disability: Implications for the Social Work Profession’’.
The Jigsaw Technique: A Way to Establish Individual Accountability in Group Work

The use of student groups has long been a prevalent feature of business education. Therefore, it is critical that instructors design and implement these groups in a way that will facilitate learnin...
Effect of Test-Taking Venue and Response Format on Political Knowledge Tests

This experiment examined the effect of testing venue (online vs. classroom) and test format (multiple choice, true/false, open-ended) on performance on a test of political knowledge. Political knowledge test scores were higher in the online open-ended condition than in the classroom open-ended condition, with no evidence of venue differences for the multiple-choice or true/false format. This pattern is consistent with self-deceptive enhancement motivations. Given the proliferation of online surveys in academic research, these data enhance our understanding of the impact of data collection procedures on the validity of measures of seminal communication constructs.
Home on a Transitioning Range: A Ranch Simulation Game Demonstrating STMs

S tate-and-transitions models (STMs) are becoming a preferred method for monitoring rangeland eco- systems and a key input in adaptive management strategies. Yet, land managers do not readily adopt these tools. In this article, we suggest a creative means for in- creasing awareness of STMs through active participation in a ranch management game accompanying an STM workshop. Recent evaluations indicate successful transmission of key concepts, but adoption of STMs will take time to measure. We review the impetus for developing the STM game, de- scribe the workshop/simulation game structure, and conclude with notable limitations and next steps. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i3_pritchett
Durkheim’s argument on ritual, commemoration and aesthetic life: A classical legacy for contemporary performance theory?

The emergence of performance studies in the last three decades has been accompanied by an increasing dissatisfaction with the functional interpretation of ritual, and in this context Emile Durkheim’s work on ritual and religion has been the target of much criticism. The paper argues that a closer consideration of Durkheim’s interpretation of commemorative rites could be incorporated effectively into performance theory, as one of its neglected sources. The paper reviews current analytic approaches to ritual theory, and then analyses Durkheim’s argument with regards to two themes: the social organization of time and memory, and the reenactment of the past as a source of aesthetic life.
Thermal decomposition of carbonates, carboxylates, oxalates, acetates, formates, and hydroxides

Abstract A study is reported of the controlled decomposition of various metal carbonates, carboxylates, oxalates, acetates, formates and hydroxides and their common hydrates, carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a differential thermal analyzer. Various sample sizes, heating rates, and ambient atmospheres were used to demonstrate their influence on the results. Results are given on intermediate compounds, on the temperature range of decomposition for each compound, and on reaction kinetics.