cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EMERGENCY MEDICINE RESIDENT ANESTHESIA TRAINING IN A PRIVATE VS. ACADEMIC SETTING

Abstract Background Airway management is an essential part of any Emergency Medicine (EM) training program. Academic centers typically provide training to many learners at various training levels in a number of medical specialties during anesthesiology rotations. This potentially creates competition for intubation procedures that may negatively impact individual experiences. Objectives We hypothesized that residents would report higher numbers of intubations and improved educational value in a private practice, rather than an academic, anesthesiology rotation. Methods EM residents' anesthesiology training was evaluated pre and post a change in training setting from an academic institution to a private practice institution. Outcome measures included the number of self-reported intubations, resident ratings of the rotation, and the number of positive comments. Residents' evaluation was measured with: a 14-item evaluation; subjective comments, which two blinded reviewers rated as positive, negative, or neutral; and transcripts from structured interviews to identify themes related to training settings. Results The number of intubations increased significantly in the private practice setting (4.6 intubations/day vs. 1.5 intubations/day, p p -values Conclusions Number of intubations performed and residents' rating of the educational value were more favorable for a private practice anesthesiology rotation. Alternative settings may provide benefit for training in areas that have competition among trainees.
Targeting folded RNA: A branched peptide boronic acid that binds to a large surface area of HIV-1 RRE RNA

On-bead high-throughput screening of a medium-sized (1000–2000 Da) branched peptideboronic acid (BPBA) library consisting of 46656 unique sequences against HIV-1 RRE RNA generated peptides with binding affinities in the low micromolar range. In particular, BPBA1 had a Kd of 1.4 μM with RRE IIB, preference for RNA over DNA (27 fold), and selectivity of up to >75 fold against a panel of RRE IIB variants. Structure–activity studies suggest that the boronic acid moiety and “branching” in peptides are key structural features for efficient binding and selectivity for the folded RNA target. BPBA1 was efficiently taken up by HeLa and A2780 cells. RNA-footprinting studies revealed that the BPBA1 binding site encompasses a large surface area that spans both the upper stem as well as the internal loop regions of RRE IIB.
Convergence of placement technology in physical synthesis: is placement really a point tool?

In this talk, I will analyze the role of placement technology in Physical synthesis. Placement has long been recognized as an important and critical step in the physical synthesis flow. The Placement problem has been researched for the past thirty years and major advancements have been made on this topic. However, most work has focused on placement technology as a point tool.I would like to start off by motivating the need for convergence of placement techniques in two related aspects of the Physical design flow. First, in the RTL or gate level prototyping/floorplanning stage, there is a need for the unification of macro placement and standard cell placement techniques. This requires a placement engine that can operate on a flexible data model. A data model that can simultaneously represent and manipulate objects such as "hard" or "soft" macros, "flexible" clusters or "blobs" of gates or individual standard cells.Second, in the traditional block implementation or "flat physical synthesis" phase, there is a need for convergence of placement, timing analysis and logic optimization. Legacy physical synthesis flows start with a gate level netlist and perform initial timing driven placement. This is followed by in-place optimization of the design where the placed design is optimized by considering transforms such as buffering and gate sizing. In the proposed flow, placement and logic optimization are truly interleaved, which in almost all cases produces a better timing convergence result than the conventional flow. Moreover, there is a strong relation between the above two scenarios in developing a robust Chip level Physical Synthesis syste.In conclusion, even though there can be further research done on new placement algorithms, it makes more sense on using the existing research and concentrating on producing better and robust physical synthesis flows, flows that can perform both as prototyping/floorplanning environments in the front end and implementation environments in the back end.
Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols containing isovaleric acid

Summary Melon tissues from the porpoise ( Tursiops truncatus ) were incubated with L-(U-14C) leucine in Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution fortified with glucose. Rapid decarboxylation of the radioactively labelled L-leucine was accompanied by extensive incorporation of radioactivity into isovaleroyl chains of triacylglycerols. Relatively little radioactivity was incorporated into long-chain acids. The findings show that isovaleryl CoA, a catabolite of L-leucine, is directly incorporated into lipid structure to a significant degree instead of being degraded to acetate and acetoacetate by the pathway characteristic of other mammalian tissues.
The true modal logic

For Arthur Prior, the construction of a logic was a supremely philosophical task. As a logician, he could of course appreciate a finely crafted formal system for its own sake, independent of its "meaning" or philosophical significance. But a genuine logic a good one, at least lays bare the nature of those concepts that it purports to be a logic of: and this comes only by way of deep reflection and insightful philosophical analysis. This sort of reflection and analysis is no more evident than in Prior's own search for the "true" modal logic.' In this paper, I want to trace the course of Prior's own struggles with the concepts and phenomena of modality, and the reasoning that led him to his own rather peculiar modal logic Q. I find myself in almost complete agreement with Prior's intuitions and the arguments that rest upon them. However, I will argue that those intuitions do not of themselves lead to Q, but that one must also accept a certain picture of what it is for a proposition to be possible. That picture, though, is not inevitable. Rather, implicit in Prior's own account is an alternative picture that has already appeared in various guises, most prominently in the work of Adams [I], Fine [5], and more recently, Dcutsch [4]' and Almog [2]. I, too, will opt for this alternative, though I will spell it out rather differently than these philosophers. I will then show that, starting with the alternative picture, Prior's intuitions can lead instead to a much happier and more standard quantified modal logic than Q. The last section of the paper is devoted to the formal development of the logic and its metatheory. By way of preliminaries, then, let T be the basic propositional modal logic obtained by adding to the propositional calculus the
Money and academic finance: the role of paradigms

Any adequate analysis of the nature and role of money necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of money. This paper starts with the premise that any worldview can be positioned on a continuum formed by four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It looks at the current state of mainstream academic finance and notes that it is founded on the functionalist paradigm. It argues that any view expressed with respect to the nature and role of money is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views expressed with respect to the nature and role of money. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of money from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. It concludes that there are opportunities for mainstream academic finance to benefit from contributions by the other three paradigms.
Knowledge-based assistant for ultrasonic inspection in metals

Ultrasonic is a popular nondestructive testing technique for detecting flaws in metals, composites and other materials. A major limitation of this technique for successful field implementation is the need for skilled labor to identify an appropriate testing methodology and conduct the inspection. A knowledge-based assistant that can help the inspector in choosing the suitable testing methodology would greatly reduce the cost for inspection while maintaining reliability. Therefore a rule-based decision logic that can incorporate the expertise of a skilled operator for choosing a suitable ultrasonic configuration and testing procedure for a given application is explored and reported in this paper. A personal computer (PC) based expert system shell, VP Expert, is used to encode the rules and assemble the knowledge to address the different methods in ultrasonic inspection for metals. The expert system will be configured in a question-answer format. Since several factors (such as frequency, couplant, sensors, etc.) influence the inspection, appropriate decisions have to be made about each factor depending on the type of inspection method and the intended use of the metal. This knowledge base will help in identifying the methodology for detecting flaws, cracks, and thickness measurements, etc., which will lead to increase safety.
Comparison of child adaptation to epilepsy and asthma.

Self-concept, home behavior and school behavior of 128 children with epilepsy and 126 children with asthma were measured in order to compare and contrast differences in psychosocial adaptation. Results indicated that children with epilepsy were experiencing significantly poorer psychosocial adaptation (p less than .001) in all three areas. An exploration of gender differences across groups indicated that girls were more at risk for the home behavior problems of depression, somatic complaints, social withdrawal and hyperactivity than boys. Clinical implications for interventions with these two populations are discussed.
Subacute manganese exposure in rats is a neurochemical model of early manganese toxicity

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but excess exposure leads to accumulation in biological tissues, including the brain. Chronically high Mn levels in the brain are neurotoxic and can result in a progressive, irreversible neurological disorder known as manganism. Manganism has signs and symptoms similar to, but distinguishable from idiopathic Parkinson's disease, which include both psychological and motor disturbances. Evidence suggests that Mn exposure impacts neurotransmitter levels in the brain. However, it remains unclear if subacute, low-level Mn exposure resulted in alterations in neurotransmitter systems with concomitant behavioral deficits. The current study used high performance liquid chromatography to quantify neurotransmitter levels in rat striatum (STR), substantia nigra (SN), and hippocampus (HP). Subacute Mn exposure via i.p. injection of 15mg Mn/kg as MnCl2 caused significantly increased dopamine (DA) levels in the STR. The enhancement was accompanied by significantly elevated levels of the DA metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in the STR. In addition, levels of HVA were significantly increased in the SN and HP. These data indicate that subacute, low-level Mn exposure disrupts multiple neurotransmitter systems in the rat brain which may be responsible, in part, for observed locomotor deficits.
A developmental study of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system during sexual maturation in the male Djungarian hamster.

The number, morphology, and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone cell bodies were studied in the brain of the male Djungarian hamster during sexual maturation. Males were reared in long days (1 6L: 8D) and were killed at 15, 25, or 40 days of age, before (n = 5), during (n = 4), or after puberty (n = 4), respectively. Brain sections (60 sam) from the rostral olfactory tubercle to the medial basal hypothalamus were processed for GnRJI immunocytochemistry. Unipolar and bipolar neurons were immunolabeled for GnRH; both subtypes had smooth cell contours. Analysis of every section from the olfactory tobercie to the arcuate nucleus indicated that at all ages more than 75% of all GnRJI.immunoreactive cell bodies were distributed in the diagonal band of Broca, medial preoptic area, lateral preoptic area, and lateral hypothalamic area, GnRII-positive somata were also found in other brain regions, but in each of these areas they represented less than 6% of the total GnRH neuron number. In peripubertal 25-day-old males, during the rapid phase of testes growth, the number of unipolar, but not bipolar, GnRJ-I.labeled cells nearly doubled in the diagonal band of Broca compared to soma numbers in this location in prepubertal 15day-old males. The same number of unipolar GnR}l-stained somata were found in this region in 40-day-old as in 25-day-old hamsters. In the medial preoptic area, a similar doubling of unipolar neuron numbers was observed at 25 days, but by 40 days the number of unipolar immunostained GnRH cells was secondarily reduced to a level comparable to that at 15 days. Neither the number nor the distribution of bipolar immunoreactive GnRH perikarya changed from 15 to 25 days of age. However, by age 40 days, a significant increase in the bipolar subtype number was evident in the diagonal band of Broca and lateral preoptic area compared to that in 15-day-old males, GnRH neuron numbers and subtype ratios remained unchanged in other brain regions during development. Overall, the findings indicated an increase in the number of unipolar GnRH-stained neurons correlated with the onset of puberty and a later increase in bipolar cells in the postpubertal hamster.
aZIMAs - almost Zero Infrastructure Mobile Agent System

Mobile agents promise to bring in a new era in the field of World Wide Web and Internet computing. Although mobile agents have been around for sometime their full potential has not been realized due to the lack of a suitable infrastructure that would allow for their deployment and seamless integration on the Internet. In this paper we propose a system based on HTTP and existing Web server that facilitates the deployment of Java based mobile agents on the Internet. By requiring no more than Web servers as the mobile agent's environment, it will be possible to overcome the current hurdles and make mobile agents a pervasive model for Internet computing. In this paper, we present aZIMAs, a simple mobile agent environment and a potentially ubiquitous server platform.
Securing a Place at the Table A Review and Extension of Legitimation Criteria for the Conduct of Mixed Research

The purpose of this article is to recommend legitimation criteria pertinent for conducting mixed research. First, a discussion of mixed research as a distinctive methodology is presented, and challenges unique to mixed research are outlined. Second, an overview of quality criteria published in the mixed research literature is summarized. Third, the authors extend the discussion of quality criteria by introducing what we call the Holistic and Synergistic Legitimation Research Process, whereby emphasis on philosophical clarity and dialogue with values/perspectives of multiple communities of practice play continuous, iterative, holistic, and synergistic roles in the legitimation process. In so doing, the authors hope to clarify criteria that are important in terms of legitimating inferences drawn throughout a study, and, at the inquiry’s conclusion, to provide a perspective for guiding researchers’ evaluations of the quality of their research findings, inferences, and applications.
Developmental Profiles of Neuroendocrine Gene Expression in the Preoptic Area of Male Rats

Reproductive function is controlled by GnRH cells and their steroid-sensitive regulatory inputs. The proper maturation of this system is critical to sexual development and maintenance of adult function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental changes, and the potential roles of gonadal hormones in sculpting these processes, have not been fully explored. We performed a developmental profile from postnatal day (P) 1 through P60 of a network of five genes in the preoptic area (POA) that are critical to reproduction in male Sprague Dawley rats. GnRH, estrogen receptors-α, and -β, androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR) mRNAs in the POA were assayed, and serum hormones were measured, in developing male rats. We also used a Taqman low-density array to identify candidate genes that may be important in development. Of the five targeted genes, only AR and PR changed robustly (7- and 3- to 4-fold increases, respectively) during development. All of the gonadal serum hormones changed markedly and with very different patterns from their receptor mRNAs: testosterone decreased from P1 to P30 and then increased to P60; progesterone peaked on P30; and estradiol decreased from P1 to P30. Using the Taqman low-density array, we identified several genes that changed dramatically in the POA with development, particularly G protein-coupled receptor 30, IGF-I, vitamin D receptor, estrogen-related receptor-α, and thyroid receptor-α. Our data demonstrate developmental stage-specific changes in neuroendocrine genes, particularly AR and PR. Moreover, the relationships between hormones and their corresponding receptors undergo dynamic changes across development in male rats.
Phosducin-like protein (PhLP), a regulator of Gβγ function, interacts with the proteasomal protein SUG1

Phosducin-like protein (PhLP) and phosducin are highly homologous proteins that interact with the beta gamma subunits of guanine nucleotide binding proteins. While phosducin has a well-characterized role in retinal signal transduction, PhLP function remains unclear. To further understand the function of PhLP, we have examined other potential protein:protein interactions with PhLP using the yeast two-hybrid system. PhLP was found to interact with a mouse homologue of the yeast SUG1, a subunit of the 26S proteasome which may also indirectly modulate transcription. This interaction was further confirmed by an in vitro binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation of the two proteins in overexpression studies. Inhibition of proteasome function by lactacystin led to accumulation of high molecular weight, ubiquitin-immunoreactive protein precipitated by PhLP antiserum. We suggest that PhLP/SUG1 interaction may target PhLP for proteasomal degradation.
Sink-Anonymity Mobility Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

As the technology of mobile sensors advances, mobilitycontrol becomes a viable option that can be utilized to minimize energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A mobility control protocol re-deploys mobile sensors to optimal positions to minimize energy consumption for communication. We identify a unique privacy issue in mobility control protocols that discloses the physical location of the sink node to intruders in WSNs. To protect the sink node, we propose a new privacy preserving scheme to secure mobility control protocols against attacks that locate and sabotage the sink node. The privacy preservingscheme obfuscates the sink location with dummy sink nodes. Analysis shows that the scheme can effectively hidethe sink location via anonymity. The scheme can also be easily integrated into current mobility control protocols without raising much additional overhead. The performance simulation and analysis show that, with the sink node well-protected, mobility control protocols achieve similar performance as original protocols.
Characterization of structural controllability

A self-contained algebraic derivation of the necessary and sufficient conditions for a multiinput system with a fixed zero structure to be structurally controllable is given. In addition, a new recursive test for determining structural controllability which utilizes only Boolean operations is obtained.
“Where My Girls At?” Negotiating Black Womanhood in Music Videos

The literature on Black youth culture, especially hip-hop culture, has focused primarily on the experiences of young men, with the experiences of Black girls being all but ignored. However, the recent appearance of Black women performers, songwriters, and producers in Black popular culture has called attention to the ways in which young Black women use popular culture to negotiate social existence and attempt to express independence, self-reliance, and agency. This article is an exploration of the representations of Black womanhood as expressed in the music videos of Black women performers. The author first identifies themes that reflect controlling images of Black womanhood, then those that exemplify an expression of agency, and finally those appearing ambivalent and contradictory. Overall, the music videos express how young Black women must negotiate sexuality and womanhood in their everyday lives.
EFFECTS OF GONADAL HORMONES ON BLOOD SUGAR OF THE CHICKEN1

THE published values for blood sugar of chickens show considerable variation (see Shinier 1937; Sturkie, 1954). Sex differences have received little attention. Most of the determinations have been made on the female, and in some instances, sex was not indicated. Values for adult males (Burrows et al., 1935) were of the same magnitude, or higher, than those reported for females by others (Murray and Rosenberg, 1953; Shinier, 1937). It is likely that much of the variation results from differences in methods. The results of Rogemont (1930a & b), based on small numbers, indicate that blood glucose of laying hens is 30 per cent higher than in adult males, but the levels in sexually immature males and females are approximately the same. The sugar level decreased in males at sexual maturity, suggesting the depressing effect of androgen. The level in the castrate male was of the same order as in laying females.
Griffin: grouping suspicious memory-access patterns to improve understanding of concurrency bugs

This paper presents Griffin, a new fault-comprehension technique. Griffin provides a way to explain concurrency bugs using additional information over existing fault-localization techniques, and thus, bridges the gap between fault- localization and fault-fixing techniques. Griffin inputs a list of memory-access patterns and a coverage matrix, groups those patterns responsible for the same concurrency bug, and outputs the grouped patterns along with suspicious methods and bug graphs. Griffin is the first technique that handles multiple concurrency bugs. This paper also describes the implementation of Griffin in Java and C++, and shows the empirical evaluation of Griffin on a set of subjects. The results show that, for our subjects, Griffin clusters failing executions and memory-access patterns for the same bug with few false positives, provides suspicious methods that contain the locations to be fixed, and runs efficiently.
Cost-Benefit Analysis versus the Precautionary Principle: Beyond Cass Sunstein’s Laws of Fear

Perhaps the quintessential role of government is to protect its citizens from threats of all types: war, global warming, terrorism, disease, toxic substances. This essay provides a review and cri-tique of Sunstein's innovative contribution to the lively debate over how government should perform this role, a debate that often pits cost-benefit analysis against the precautionary principle. The authors contend that Sunstein's critique of the precautionary prin-ciple has merit, but that his much-discussed Laws of Fear propos-als are deficient in several significant respects. Sunstein's pro-posals fail to solve problems related to cost-benefit analysis, implementation of deliberative democracy, and incorporation of social values into responses to threats. The essay concludes with a recommendation for reconceptualizing the precautionary prin-ciple in a manner that saves it from Sunstein's critiques.
Ideology and Deference in U.S. Courts of Appeals Decision Making on Administrative Law

The aggrandizement of the administrative state in terms of its size and power has enabled the federal judiciary to enter the political arena regarding control of the bureaucracy. Some scholars have argued that the manner in which courts responded to this development of modern administration is a function of the ideological foundation of the courts relative to the politics and decisions of the agencies. Yet, the Supreme Court's seminal decision in Chevron mandates that courts must afford great deference to agency rule making, irrespective of the judges' ideology, thus providing for the possibility that this decision has acted as a jurisprudential regime by altering the manner in which subsequent administrative cases are evaluated. Which provides for greater influence on the Courts of Appeals, ideology or deference? Preliminary findings as reported herein suggest that Chevron did indeed shift decision making in the federal appeals courts and thus appears to have served as a jurisprudential regime in the area of administrative law. Notwithstanding, this increased tendency of courts to defer to agency action in the post-Chevron era coexists in tandem with the ideology of the courts, as it appears that both ideology and deference to administrative policy are critical to explaining this aspect of judicial behavior.
Mucolytic Enzyme Systems. XIV. Effect of Certain Quinolines on Hyalur-onidase and Its Serum Inhibitor.

SummaryTwo compounds, 6-methoxy-8-(β - diisobutylaminomethyl) aminoquinoline dihydrochloride and 6-methoxy-8-(diisobutyl-aminoisopropyl) aminoquinoline dihydrochloride, which are chemotherapeutically effective in mice infected with schistosoma mansoni, have been shown to be potent inhibitors of hyaluronidase although they inactivate the serum inhibitor of the enzyme. Chemically related rosaniline and plasmochin, that have little chemotherapeutic effect, had no demonstrable direct effect on the hyaluronidase, although both potentiated the serum inhibitor to some degree.
Evolution of the Surface Structure of CVD Tungsten During Annealing

This paper reports a study in which a rough tungsten surface was prepared by chemical vapor deposition of tungsten on a tungsten ribbon. The samples were then heated to study the smoothing behavior of the rough surface. The results show that at 1600°C the surface becomes smooth after approximately five to ten hours. At 2400°C the surface becomes smooth within 15 minutes.
Vector Competence of Ixodes scapularis, I. spinipalpis, and Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) in Transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi, the Etiologic Agent of Lyme Disease

This report describes the vector competence of 3 ixodid tick species, Ixodes scapularis (Say), I. spinipalpis (Nuttall), and Dermacentor andersoni (Stiles), for Borrelia burgdorferi in Colorado. The study was based on preliminary field work performed in 6 Colorado counties, where rodents and ticks were collected and assayed for the presence of B. burgdorferi. Four of the 6 counties produced 52 rodent and 39 I. spinipalpis isolates of B. burgdorferi. Two B. burgdorferi isolates were tested under laboratory conditions and found to be infective to Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) outbred mice. The 1st, a low-passage strain originating from New York (B-31, passage 6) was used as a control, and the 2nd was isolated from ear tissue of a Neotoma mexicana (Baird) (Mexican wood rat) that was trapped in Colorado. Larvae of I. scapularis, I. spinipalpis, and D. andersoni were fed on infected mice and cultured in Barbour-Stoner-Kelly media to assay for infection at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after repletion. The infection rates in replete larvae were 75, 69, and 8.5%, respectively, whereas transstadial nymphal infection rates were 80, 75, and 0%, respectively. Both I. scapularis and I. spinipalpis were shown to be competent vectors that acquired the infection from the host reservoir mice and subsequently transmitted it to naive mice. Given that I. scapularis are not found in Colorado, I. spinipalpis are restricted to the nests and burrows of rodents, and because of the semiarid environment in Colorado, the risk of human contact with B. burgdorferi appears to be low.
Strong Is the New Sexy Women, CrossFit, and the Postfeminist Ideal

This article discusses the postfeminist framing of women who participate in CrossFit (CF) and whether that framing provides a counter to traditional narratives regarding the masculinity and manliness of women in competitive sports and activities focused on the body. Our analysis called for us to abandon the ideal that there exists an authentic and true version of femininity that CF was tapping into. Instead we examined how CF’s rhetoric articulated their ideal woman to the participants. The narrative of CF relied on some of the flawed notions that undergird postfeminist ideologies, such as empowerment through choice, liberalism, and meritocracy. We concluded that CF expanded possibilities for the female body while continuing to mirror the hegemonic archetype of attractive and heteronormative femininity.
The Effective Evaluation on Health Education of Zhoushan New Fishing Country in the Process of Urbanization

OBJECTIVE To further improve the rural population quality of fishing towns after urbanization,and improve the health level of residents in new cities,investigate and innovate appropriate technology of health education in communities of new cities in Zhoushan.METHODS Took synthetic intervention of health education in communities of new cities through improving organizational networks,training staffs for health education in communities,implementing health services in communities,setting up mechanism for health education in communities,developing and applying appropriate tool kits and various forms of activities for health education.And separately took basic and terminal investigation by questionnaires before and after intervention,to get the message of awareness rates about health knowledge,recognition rates about health behavior and changes after urbanization in fishing towns.RESULTS After applying appropriate tool kits for health education and implementing other interventional measures,the subjects'level of health knowledge and recognition rate about health behavior had greatly improved after interve ntion(from 62.1% and 66.4%,75.6% and 78.7% respectively).The rate of participation in health education activities had increased significantly from 35.7% to 44.6% after intervention,and the difference was significant(P 0.005).CONCLUSIONS They are appropriate measures for improving the rural population quality in fishing towns after urbanization through setting up consummate organizational networks,elevating ability of staffs in communities,developing various forms of activities for health education.
Surgical Procedure Characteristics and Risk of Sharps-Related Blood and Body Fluid Exposure

OBJECTIVE To use a unique multicomponent administrative data set assembled at a large academic teaching hospital to examine the risk of percutaneous blood and body fluid (BBF) exposures occurring in operating rooms. DESIGN A 10-year retrospective cohort design. SETTING A single large academic teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS All surgical procedures (n=333,073) performed in 2001-2010 as well as 2,113 reported BBF exposures were analyzed. METHODS Crude exposure rates were calculated; Poisson regression was used to analyze risk factors and account for procedure duration. BBF exposures involving suture needles were examined separately from those involving other device types to examine possible differences in risk factors. RESULTS The overall rate of reported BBF exposures was 6.3 per 1,000 surgical procedures (2.9 per 1,000 surgical hours). BBF exposure rates increased with estimated patient blood loss (17.7 exposures per 1,000 procedures with 501-1,000 cc blood loss and 26.4 exposures per 1,000 procedures with >1,000 cc blood loss), number of personnel working in the surgical field during the procedure (34.4 exposures per 1,000 procedures having ≥15 personnel ever in the field), and procedure duration (14.3 exposures per 1,000 procedures lasting 4 to <6 hours, 27.1 exposures per 1,000 procedures lasting ≥6 hours). Regression results showed associations were generally stronger for suture needle-related exposures. CONCLUSIONS Results largely support other studies found in the literature. However, additional research should investigate differences in risk factors for BBF exposures associated with suture needles and those associated with all other device types. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):80-87.
Colonoscopic screening of persons with suspected risk factors for colon cancer:I. Family history

Abstract A family history of colorectal cancer is believed to place persons at increased risk for development of the disease. It is unclear, however, how "strong" a family history must be to increase this risk or to make colonoscopic screening appropriate. We performed initial colonoscopy in 154 asymptomatic subjects whose only suspected risk factor was one or two first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer; 48 of these subjects also had affected second- and third-degree relatives. We found 45 adenomas in 28 subjects (18%). One subject had a 3-cm villous adenoma. In 6 subjects, the most advanced findings were tubular adenomas 5–9 mm in diameter; in 21 subjects, we found only tubular adenomas that were 2–4 mm in diameter. The prevalence of adenomas increased significantly with age of subjects (p
Der Business-Case für Vielfalt und Innovation in Deutschland

Fortschritt basiert auf Vielfalt. Das wusste schon Darwin. Sich in einer Welt immer schnelleren Wandels zu behaupten, setzt vorausschauendes Denken und rasche Anpassungsfahigkeit voraus. Statt Konformitat mit Vergangenem bedarf es kreativer Ansatze und Offenheit fur Neues. Zu einem innovativen Unternehmensbild gehoren alle Merkmale der Vielfalt, wie Alter, Geschlecht, Nationalitat, Ausbildung, Erfahrungen, Werte. Empirische Untersuchungen liefern klare Beweise fur den wirtschaftlichen Business-Case von Vielfalt [17]. Und vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels hat Deutschland keine andere Wahl, als vielfaltige Talente optimal zu nutzen. Trotzdem tut sich die Gesellschaft noch schwer in der Umsetzung – insbesondere beim Thema Frauen. Die bisherigen Ansatze sind zu einseitig, zu konfrontativ und sprechen die Problematik meist nur in Einzelaspekten an. Ein so grundlegend notwendiger Wandel lasst sich nicht durch kurzfristige Masnahmen oder Zwang herbeifuhren. Weichenstellungen mussen die Langfristigkeit der Entwicklungen in Betracht ziehen und konnen nur im Zusammenwirken aller Handelnden Wirkung zeigen: Unternehmen, Politik und Gesellschaft sind aufgefordert gemeinsam daran zu arbeiten, Fortschritt und Innovation fur die Zukunft Deutschlands sicherzustellen.
Recent developments in the chemistry of adamantane and related polycyclic hydrocarbons

The chemistry of adamantane and related “cage-like” hydrocarbons has developed rapidly in recent years. These developments, encompassing a broad spectrum of the chemical world, have not been stimulated by any unique properties associated with the cage strutures of these molecules; the chemistry of such systems is typically hydrocarbon in nature. The particular utility of “cage-like” substrates in a variety of chemical investigations arises, for the most part, from their conformational rigidity; variables (e.g. those associated with structure) appropriate to more mobile compounds are often eliminated by the use of “cage-like” systems. The availability, ease of functionalization, and the near ideal structure of adamantane make it extremely useful for this purpose.
Osteoporosis Associated with Pregnancy

Abstract Normal adaptive responses during pregnancy and lactation allow for adequate delivery of minerals to the fetus or infant, while at the same time protecting the maternal skeleton. Current evidence suggests that only a small net bone loss, if any, occurs during normal pregnancy. However, bone mass can transiently decrease with lactation and can be lost if lactation is prolonged. For additional discussion of the skeletal effects of normal pregnancy and lactation, see Chapter 30 . In this chapter, we review the physiological adaptations in calcium homeostasis of pregnancy and lactation, rare forms of osteoporosis associated with pregnancy such as postpregnancy spinal osteoporosis (PPSO) and transient osteoporosis of the hip, and, during or after pregnancy, the skeletal consequences of heparin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), thyrotoxicosis, and magnesium salts.
A View from Below: Party Activists and the Transformation of Base-Level Peronism

This chapter examines the relationship between the PJ and its activist base in the context of the Menem government's neoliberal turn. Activists are often believed to be more ideologically driven than party leaders (May 1973; Koelble 1992, 1996; Ware 1992). If that is the case, then we should expect that Peronist activists, who have historically been almost uniformly antiliberal, would have either actively opposed Menemism or abandoned the party in droves in the 1990s. Yet as Chapter 6 showed, the Menem leadership confronted little intraparty resistance in the 1990s. And although Peronist activists did tend to be critical of the Menem program, relatively few of them left the party. In fact, the PJ's activist base remained quite vibrant, and this base-level activism contributed in an important way to the government's political success. The chapter attributes the PJ's capacity to maintain its activist base to two factors: (1) increased access to state resources and (2) a decentralized party structure. The combination of state resources and local autonomy allowed activists who were critical of Menem to continue to engage in traditional Peronist practices even as the national party abandoned them. Yet if the PJ's mass linkages persisted through the 1990s, they were transformed in important ways. As state resources became the primary currency of exchange among activists, the personal, ideological, and union-based ties that had long sustained local Peronist organizations began to erode.
Morbidity and mortality after treatment of Ewing sarcoma: A single-institution experience.

Background Children, adolescents, and young adults treated for Ewing sarcoma (ES) are at risk for disease-related and treatment-related complications. We aimed to describe early and late overall mortality, cause-specific mortality, and key adverse health outcomes in a large, single-institutional cohort of patients with ES. Methods Patients with ES diagnosed at age less than 40 years and treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering between 1974 and 2012 were included. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards were used to examine the association of clinical and pathologic variables with overall survival. Cause-specific mortality was evaluated with the cumulative incidence function accounting for competing risks. Results Three hundred patients with ES (60.3% male; median age at diagnosis: 16.8 years [range: 0.3-39]; 30.0% with metastatic disease at diagnosis) were followed for a median of 7.8 years (range: 0.2-37). Five-year overall survival was 65.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 59.8-71.1%) for the entire cohort; 78.6% for those with localized disease; 40.1% for those with isolated pulmonary metastases; and 28.1% for those with extrapulmonary metastases. In multivariable analysis, older age at diagnosis, minority race/ethnicity, and metastatic disease at diagnosis were associated with inferior survival. Ten-year cumulative incidence of relapse/progression was 40.1%, with eight late relapses occurring at a median of 6.3 years after diagnosis (range: 5-14). Seventeen patients developed subsequent neoplasms (treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia = 9; solid tumors = 6; nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC] = 4). Excluding NMSC and melanoma in situ, the cumulative incidence of subsequent malignant neoplasms at 25 years was 15% (95% CI, 4.8-25.1%). Conclusion Patients with ES are at high risk for relapse/progression and second cancers.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals an altered gene expression pattern as a result of CRISPR/cas9-mediated deletion of Gene 33/Mig6 and chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium in human lung epithelial cells

Gene 33 (Mig6, ERRFI1) is an adaptor protein with multiple cellular functions. We recently reported that depletion of this protein promotes lung epithelial cell transformation induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. However, the early molecular events that mediate this process are not clear. In the present study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare gene expression profiles between BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells chronically exposed to a sublethal dose of Cr(VI) with or without CRISPR/cas9-mediated deletion of Gene 33. Our data reveal 83 differentially expressed genes. The most notable changes are genes associated with cell adhesion, oxidative stresses, protein ubiquitination, epithelial-mesenchymal transition/metastasis, and WNT signaling. Up-regulation of some neuro-specific genes is also evident, particularly ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a deubiquitinase and potential biomarker for lung cancer. Gene 33 deletion and/or Cr(VI) exposure did not cause discernable changes in cell morphology. However, Gene 33 deletion led to a modest but significant reduction of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle regardless of Cr(VI) exposure. Gene 33 deletion also significantly reduced cell proliferation. Interestingly, Cr(VI) exposure eliminated the difference in cell proliferation between the two genotypes. Gene 33 deletion also significantly elevated cell migration. Our data indicate that combined Gene 33 deletion and chronic Cr(VI) exposure produces a gene expression pattern and a phenotype resemble those of the transformed lung epithelial cells. Given the known association of UCHL1 with lung cancer, we propose that UCHL1 is an important player in the early stage of lung epithelial cell transformation and tumorigenesis.
Ten Key Observations on the Analysis of Resting-state Functional MR Imaging Data Using Independent Component Analysis

The application of ICA to resting fMR imaging data has been popular in large part because of the ability of ICA to capture interesting and meaningful spatiotemporal patterns in fMR imaging data while making minimal assumptions about the nature of the underlying spatial and temporal organization and being robust to artifactual effects. Although at this point ICA of fMR imaging data has been in use for almost 20 years, it continues to provide a fertile, robust basis for the development of novel extensions to further automate analysis, better capture variability, and extend into new directions, including advance prediction and indirect models capable of delineating patterns of brain dynamics via deep learning combined with subspace approaches.
Pulmonary vascular disease: diagnosis and endovascular therapy.

This special issue of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy focuses on recent advances in the diagnosis and endovascular therapy of pulmonary vascular disease. Though less commonly encountered in clinical practice, pulmonary vascular diseases result in significant morbidity and mortality.
Examining trophic-level nematode community structure and nitrogen mineralization to assess local effective microorganisms’ role in nitrogen availability of swine effluent to forage crops

Abstract Culturing and using effective microorganisms from locally derived microorganisms has become a common practice employed by farmers throughout Central America as well as parts of South America and Southeast Asia to control foul odors and flies around compost piles and livestock facilities. These local, effective microorganisms (LEM) are applied in a concentrated solution fermented from carbohydrate-rich substrates inoculated with locally-sourced, actively decomposing leaf litter. Despite its growing prevalence among small-scale farmers in some parts of the world, there is little published research that explores the beneficial or detrimental effects of changing the biome of animal-based nutrients and the soils to which LEM are applied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of combining LEM with swine effluent to fertilize annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on plant-available nitrogen, nematode community structure, and forage productivity. Forage performance was good across all of the treatments – with relative feed quality (RFQ) values above 200 and 100 in the March and May harvests respectively. In the first, second and third sampling dates, soils from 0 to 5 cm depth showed more nitrogen mineralized in LEM-treated soils than in control soils (p = 0.178, p
Improvements in Balance in the Elderly Through Training in Sensory Organization Abilities

Previous studies have shown that the ability of older adults to balance under conditions of reduced or conflicting sensory inputs is significantly impaired. In order to determine if sensory balance training can improve balance under these conditions two studies were conducted. In the first study healthy older adults (n = 24) were randomly assigned to a training or control group. The training group received 10 one-hour training sessions over two weeks. Training included standing with eyes open, closed, with head normal and extended backward, and on a firm surface vs on foam. Results showed significant reduction in body sway for conditions in which either ankle joint inputs alone were reduced or multiple sensory inputs were reduced (p <.006). Effects transferred to other balance tests and remained above baseline for at least 1 month after training. In a second study 12 older adults with balance deterioration related to sensory problems were given sensory training which was competency based using a protocol which was ordered from easy to difficult. Sessions were 3 times/week for 8 weeks. These subjects also showed significant improvement in balance abilities on conditions in which somatosensory inputs alone or multiple inputs were reduced. These effects were still evident 5 weeks after training ended.
Association of endometrial cancer risk with a functional polymorphism (Asp327Asn) in the sex hormone-binding globulin gene.

5402 Excessive estrogen exposure plays a central role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) modulates the bioavailability of circulating sex hormones and regulates their signaling system in target cells. Low blood level of SHBG has been related to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Using data from a recently completed population-based case-control study, we evaluated the association of a functional polymorphism, Asp 327 Asn (rs6259) in the SHBG gene, with endometrial cancer risk. Included in this study were 1,037 cases and 1,031 age-matched community controls who had completed the in-person interview and donated a blood and/or mouth wash samples to the study. Genotyping of Asp 327 Asn polymorphism was performed by the TaqMan method. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from logistical regression model were used to evaluate the association between the genetic variation and endometrial cancer risk. The allele frequencies of Asn are 15.0% in cases and 17.1% in controls (p=0.06). The variant Asn allele was associated with a reduced endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.93), but not in premenopausal women (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.74-1.42). The inverse association was more pronounced among postmenopausal women with a low body mass index (OR, 0.48; 95%CI, 0.31-0.76) or longer years of menstruation (OR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.46-0.89), although test for multiplicative interaction was not significant. This study suggests that the codon 327 Asn allele in the SHBG gene may be related to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women.