cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SystemT: A Declarative Information Extraction System

Emerging text-intensive enterprise applications such as social analytics and semantic search pose new challenges of scalability and usability to Information Extraction (IE) systems. This paper presents SystemT, a declarative IE system that addresses these challenges and has been deployed in a wide range of enterprise applications. SystemT facilitates the development of high quality complex annotators by providing a highly expressive language and an advanced development environment. It also includes a cost-based optimizer and a high-performance, flexible runtime with minimum memory footprint. We present SystemT as a useful resource that is freely available, and as an opportunity to promote research in building scalable and usable IE systems.
Ubiquity and diversity of dissimilatory (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria.

Environmental contamination with compounds containing oxyanions of chlorine, such as perchlorate or chlorate [(per)chlorate] or chlorine dioxide, has been a constantly growing problem over the last 100 years. Although the fact that microbes reduce these compounds has been recognized for more than 50 years, only six organisms which can obtain energy for growth by this metabolic process have been described. As part of a study to investigate the diversity and ubiquity of microorganisms involved in the microbial reduction of (per)chlorate, we enumerated the (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria (ClRB) in very diverse environments, including pristine and hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, aquatic sediments, paper mill waste sludges, and farm animal waste lagoons. In all of the environments tested, the acetate-oxidizing ClRB represented a significant population, whose size ranged from 2.31 × 10 3 to 2.4 × 10 6 cells per g of sample. In addition, we isolated 13 ClRB from these environments. All of these organisms could grow anaerobically by coupling complete oxidation of acetate to reduction of (per)chlorate. Chloride was the sole end product of this reductive metabolism. All of the isolates could also use oxygen as a sole electron acceptor, and most, but not all, could use nitrate. The alternative electron donors included simple volatile fatty acids, such as propionate, butyrate, or valerate, as well as simple organic acids, such as lactate or pyruvate. Oxidized-minus-reduced difference spectra of washed whole-cell suspensions of the isolates had absorbance maxima close to 425, 525, and 550 nm, which are characteristic of type c cytochromes. In addition, washed cell suspensions of all of the ClRB isolates could dismutate chlorite, an intermediate in the reductive metabolism of (per)chlorate, into chloride and molecular oxygen. Chlorite dismutation was a result of the activity of a single enzyme which in pure form had a specific activity of approximately 1,928 μmol of chlorite per mg of protein per min. Analyses of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of the organisms indicated that they all belonged to the alpha, beta, or gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria . Several were closely related to members of previously described genera that are not recognized for the ability to reduce (per)chlorate, such as the genera Pseudomonas and Azospirllum . However, many were not closely related to any previously described organism and represented new genera within the Proteobacteria . The results of this study significantly increase the limited number of microbial isolates that are known to be capable of dissimilatory (per)chlorate reduction and demonstrate the hitherto unrecognized phylogenetic diversity and ubiquity of the microorganisms that exhibit this type of metabolism.
Modelling larval fish navigation: the way forward

Recent advances in high-resolution ocean circulationmodels, coupled with a greater understanding of larval behaviour, have increased the sophistication of individual-based, biophysical models used to study the dispersal of larvae in the sea. Fish larvae, in particular, have the ability to swim directionally and increasingly fast during ontogeny, indicating that they may not only disperse, but also migrate using environmental signals. How and when larvae use local and large-scale cues remains a mystery. Including three-dimensional swimming schemes into biophysical models is becoming essential to address these questions. Here, we highlight state-of-the-art modelling of vertical andhorizontalmigrations of fish larvae, aswell as current challenges inmoving towardsmore realistic larvalmovements in response to cues. Improvedunderstanding of causes fororientationwill provide insight into the evolutionary drivers of dispersal strategies for fish andmarine organisms in general.
A Problem of Cotton and Lead in Medieval Italian Shipping

In transportation, as in other fields of economic activity, merchants and seamen of the Middle Ages often took the first steps toward recognizing and solving fundamental business problems. If their solutions sometimes only laid the groundwork for future developments, they were nonetheless often elegant in their simplicity and suitability to the conditions of the time. One such fundamental problem encountered in shipping in any age is rooted in the varied nature of merchandise. If all goods had the same ratio of weight to volume (setting aside for now the question of the interaction between shipping costs and the relative value of the goods to be shipped), the ship operator's task would be greatly simplified: rates would need only to be set at so much per ton. Merchandise varies in density, however, so that the same weight of different commodities occupies varying amounts of space. A ton of cotton and a ton of lead aren't the same size. If ad quantitatem rates are established with some relatively heavy item in mind, such as grain, then difficulties may arise when a merchant presents to the ship operator some light goods, such as cotton. It is immediately evident that the carrier will lose money if he accepts the light goods at the same rate per ton of weight as the heavier wares, since fewer tons of it will fill his ship. The logical thing to do, and what is usually done, is to accept the lighter cargo on the condition that it pay freight on the basis of the volume which it occupies rather than according to its weight. For the opposite reason one would not want to ship exceptionally heavy goods according to their volume. Thus, some system is needed which will take account of the widely varying weights and volumes of possible cargoes which the ship operator may encounter. In modern practice freight charges are usually based on the "freight ton" or "shipping ton," which can be either a unit of weight or of volume, depending upon which will produce the most revenue for the ship. To determine which is the most desirable, operators consider the "stowage factor" of the goods to be shipped. The stowage factor is defined as "the number of cubic feet actually occupied by one long ton of a commodity, including an allowance for broken stowage."' Naturally it is to the carrier's
Resident vs. Nonresident Employment Associated with Marcellus Shale Development

There is much debate about the employment effect of shale gas development, especially as it relates to extraction counties. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many of the jobs created are filled by nonresidents. We examine the impact shale gas development has on local employment in Pennsylvania using a data set that links workers to their personal residences. We find that activity in the Marcellus shale has had a modest positive impact on job growth. The impact is cut in half, however, when we use data for county residents only. Thus, traditional employment data may overestimate employment impacts from shale development.
Making sense of 'place': Reflections on pluralism and positionality in place research

Drawing on critical pluralism and positionality, this essay offers a four-part framework for making sense of the manifold ways place has been studied and applied to landscape planning and management. The first element highlights how diverse intellectual origins behind place research have inhibited a trans-disciplinary understanding of place as an object of study in environmental planning and management. The second focuses on ontological pluralism as found in attempts to make sense of place meanings by (a) fleshing out four layers of place meaning that vary in terms of tangibility, commonality, and emotionality and (b) critiquing four methodological approaches to identifying place meanings. The third looks at making sense of place-making as a way to highlight ontological and epistemic pluralism in studies of the material and social-discursive practices that create, govern, and transform places. In particular it draws attention to the way place meanings, knowledge, and practices are always situated or positioned. The fourth highlights axiological or normative pluralism as reflected in various prescriptive notions of place-making as the outcome of deliberate efforts of people to try to shape, contest, and/or otherwise govern the landscape. These include place as bios, ethnos, and demos as normative ideals for prescribing what constitutes a good place and underscores the challenge of adjudicating across different conceptions of sensible places. This paper concludes by reiterating the ways that place research and practice can benefit from both a critical pluralist perspective and a heightened awareness of the diverse positionalities occupied by observers of and actors in the landscape.
Estimating phenotypic correlations: correcting for bias due to intraindividual variability

Summary 1Correlations between phenotypic traits are important in a number of contexts in physiological ecology, evolutionary physiology, and behaviour. Correlations can reflect functional connections or trade-offs among performance traits (e.g. bite force, jumping distance) and can reveal causal relationships between whole-organism traits and lower-level biochemical or morphological traits. 2However, when one or both traits exhibit intraindividual variability (i.e. repeatability < 1), conventional estimates of Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients are biased towards zero (= attenuated). The magnitude of this bias decreases with increases in the number of measurements used to calculate the mean value of the trait for each individual. The bias varies inversely with the repeatability of each trait. 3We present an estimator for the correlation coefficient that eliminates this bias. This estimator is based on an equation originally presented in 1904 by Spearman, and applied by researchers in psychological testing and nutritional epidemiology. The estimator is a simple function of the within- and among-individual components of variance for each of the two traits. 4Simulations show that optimal sampling effort usually involves a small number of trials per individual and a large sample of individuals (for a fixed total sample size), although correlations between traits with low repeatabilities may be more precisely estimated with a larger number of trials per individual and a smaller number of individuals. 5In addition to reducing the accuracy of the estimate, attenuation also reduces statistical power for detecting significant correlations. However, we do not recommend using the unbiased estimator for testing whether correlations differ from zero, because this inflates Type I error rates. Instead, the uncorrected (conventional) estimator should be used for hypothesis testing. 6The unbiased estimator is not appropriate for correlations involving maximum or minimum values for each individual (e.g. maximum sprint speed) because sampling distributions of these extreme values typically have different properties than the sampling distributions of individual mean values.
Corn Response, Nitrogen Uptake, and Water Use in Strip-Tillage Compared with No-Tillage and Chisel Plow

early in the spring, especially in poorly drained soils (Uri, 2000). Studies conducted in Iowa, Minnesota, and Tillage systems are among the many factors that affect soil producCanada have documented that NT resulted in slower tivity. The challenges associated with different tillage systems have
Generic Pole Assignment Using Dynamic Output Feedback.

A method is presented for assigning min (n + q, (q + 1)m + q) closed-loop poles of an nth order linear time invariant system (m outputs, l inputs, m ≥ l) using a linear, time invariant, proper, output feedback compensator of order q. It is also shown how the locations of remaining unassigned poles could be controlled. The compensator parameters are obtained by solving a linear matrix equation. † This research has been supported by NSF under grant ECS-8006896 and partially supported by AFOSR under grant AFOSR-80-0155.
Shock tube ignition delay times and methane time-histories measurements during excess CO2 diluted oxy-methane combustion

Abstract The combustion of methane in air results in large amounts of CO 2 and NO X emissions. In order to reduce the NO X emissions, one possible solution is the oxy-methane combustion with large CO 2 dilution so that the combustion products can be reduced mainly to CO 2 and H 2 O. However, there are very few studies on the chemical kinetics of oxy-methane combustion in a CO 2 diluted environment. In this study, methane time-histories, CH * emission profiles, and pressure time-histories measurements were conducted behind reflected shock waves to gain insight into the effects of CO 2 dilution of the gas mixtures on the ignition of methane. The measurements were carried out for mixtures of CH 4 , CO 2 and O 2 in argon bath gas at temperatures of 1577–2144 K, pressures of 0.53–4.4 atm, equivalence ratios (Φ) of 0.5, 1, and 2, and CO 2 mole fractions (X CO2 ) of 0, 30, and 60%. The laser absorption measurements were conducted using a continuous wave distributed feedback interband cascade laser (DFB ICL) centered at 3403.4 nm. The results showed the decrease of activation energy and the increase of ignition delay time as the amount of CO 2 dilution was increased. However, the changes were minor and within the experimental uncertainties of the measurements. Also, the results were compared to the predictions of two different natural gas mechanisms: GRI 3.0 and AramcoMech 1.3 mechanisms. In general the predictions were reasonable when compared to the experimental data; however, there were discrepancies at some conditions. Three different influences of CO 2 addition to the argon bath gas in regards to chemistry, collision efficiencies, and heat capacities were examined. In addition, the present study included experimentally obtained correlations for absorption cross sections of methane for its P(8) line in the v 3 band in argon bath gas with and without carbon-dioxide dilutions at temperatures between 1200
Monitoring of Vital Signs with Flexible and Wearable Medical Devices

Advances in wireless technologies, low-power electronics, the internet of things, and in the domain of connected health are driving innovations in wearable medical devices at a tremendous pace. Wearable sensor systems composed of flexible and stretchable materials have the potential to better interface to the human skin, whereas silicon-based electronics are extremely efficient in sensor data processing and transmission. Therefore, flexible and stretchable sensors combined with low-power silicon-based electronics are a viable and efficient approach for medical monitoring. Flexible medical devices designed for monitoring human vital signs, such as body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse oxygenation, and blood glucose have applications in both fitness monitoring and medical diagnostics. As a review of the latest development in flexible and wearable human vitals sensors, the essential components required for vitals sensors are outlined and discussed here, including the reported sensor systems, sensing mechanisms, sensor fabrication, power, and data processing requirements.
Frito-Lay, Inc.

In the fall of 1983, executives of Frito-Lay are considering an experiment in Kansas City involving a change in the allocation of spending among advertising, consumer promotions, trade promotions, and sales-force incentives in its efforts to expand the sales of Grandma's Cookies. The amount of marketing funds under consideration is $100,000 over the current annual rate of $363,000. The experiment is to last six months. The purpose of this case is to expand student understanding of various push and pull tactics to include the concepts of trade and consumer loading/unloading, and the timing involved in these considerations. A further objective is to relate the various trade and consumer deals and promotions to consumer and competitive behavior.
Runaway Train: Ex Machina and the Rebel Girls

Courtship is a fertile setting for culturally defined strategies. A common form of competition is criticizing the other group for being inadequate mates. Stories about romance between human beings and non-human participants allow such criticism. Movies about men finding mechanical partners are common. Non-human females are seen as more satisfactory than women, especially when women are transforming their roles to be less subservient.
Electrophysiological indices of brain activity to content and function words in discourse

Background An increase in positivity of event-related potentials (ERPs) at the lateral anterior sites has been hypothesized to be an index of semantic and discourse processing, with the right lateral anterior positivity (LAP) showing particular sensitivity to discourse factors. However, the research investigating the LAP is limited; it is unclear whether the effect is driven by word class (function word versus content word) or by a more general process of structure building triggered by elements of a determiner phrase (DP). Aims To examine the neurophysiological indices of semantic/discourse integration using two different word categories (function versus content word) in the discourse contexts and to contrast processing of these word categories in meaningful versus nonsense contexts. Methods & Procedures Planned comparisons of ERPs time locked to a function word stimulus ‘the’ and a content word stimulus ‘cats’ in sentence-initial position were conducted in both discourse and nonsense contexts to examine the time course of processing following these word forms. Outcomes & Results A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the Discourse context revealed a significant interaction of condition and site due to greater positivity for ‘the’ relative to ‘cats’ at anterior and superior sites. In the Nonsense context, there was a significant interaction of condition, time and site due to greater positivity for ‘the’ relative to ‘cats’ at anterior sites from 150 to 350 ms post-stimulus offset and at superior sites from 150 to 200 ms post-stimulus offset. Overall, greater positivity for both ‘the’ and ‘cats’ was observed in the discourse relative to the nonsense context beginning approximately 150 ms post-stimulus offset. Additionally, topographical analyses were highly correlated for the two word categories when processing meaningful discourse. This topographical pattern could be characterized as a prominent right LAP. The LAP was attenuated when the target stimulus word initiated a nonsense context. Conclusions & Implications The results of this study support the view that the right LAP is an index of general discourse processing rather than an index of word class. These findings demonstrate that the LAP can be used to study discourse processing in populations with compromised metalinguistic skills, such as adults with aphasia or traumatic brain injury.
The prevalence of pancreatic acinar differentiation in gastric adenocarcinoma: report of a case and immunohistochemical study of 111 additional cases.

Although pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the gastric mucosa is well recognized in chronic gastritis, gastric carcinoma with acinar differentiation is very rare. We encountered a case of gastric adenocarcinoma with prominent histologic and immunohistochemical features of pancreatic acinar differentia
Veromessor Lobognathus: Second Note (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Previous reports of this rare ant are three from Colorado, one from Nevada, and a dubious one from Missouri. Three colonies have now been found in North Dakota, in 1954, 1957, and 1958, respectively, all on the steep south-facing wall of the same narrow valley in the Little Missouri Badlands. Two nests were in soil under flat rocks; the third was in soil under and near a grass clump, with a messy, irregular mound of excavated earth among the grass culms. Total populations, including all stages and castes, in two colonies counted were 1512 and 637, respectively. This harvester ant was collecting and storing seeds of grasses when studied in June and July. It is not aggressive and seems unable to sting, but its bite is annoying. Its most remarkable characteristic is its thoroughly deceptive resemblance to the common western harvesting ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson); in fact, it fulfills all the requirements of Wallace's Rules of Batesian Mimicry.
Evidence that microenvironmental factors account for the age-related decline in neutrophil function.

We measured the function of neutrophils harvested from the supernatant of long-term marrow cultures in which stromal cell cultures derived from young mice were recharged with hematopoietic cells from old mice and vice versa. The functions measured were superoxide generation and enzyme secretion (lysozyme and glucuronidase), following cell activation by either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or Formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). In addition we measured cytosolic calcium concentration and its increase following activation by FMLP. In all culture combinations recharge resulted in the recovery of greater than 2 X 10(6) cells/flask (95% neutrophils, 98% viable). Histologic studies of cytoplasmic markers indicated that recovered neutrophils were derived from the stem cell population employed for recharge. For each neutrophil parameter measured, function was markedly improved when old hematopoietic stem cells were recharged onto a young stroma and was significantly diminished when young stem cells were recharged onto an old stroma. This applied to superoxide generation, basal and stimulated enzyme levels, and to basal cytosolic calcium concentration and its increase following activation by FMLP. These results indicate that when old hematopoietic stem cells proliferate in a young microenvironment, neutrophil function returns virtually to normal. Conversely, function diminishes when young stem cells proliferate in an old stroma. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that neutrophil function is modulated by microenvironmental factors, hormonal, cellular, or matrix, which are decreased in the elderly. That an age-related decline in function is extrinsic to the cell and is reversible has significance for the study of neutrophil function and of cellular aging and has potential therapeutic implications.
On Medical Expenditure under Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban Employees:Non-negligible Persistence

Based on the data of medical insurance for urban employees in Kunshan,Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2007,this paper investigates the persistence of medical expenditure under basic medical insurance system for urban employees.The result shows that the persistence of residents' medical expenditure is quite significant,and its omission will lead to the biased estimation of other variables,especially age.Medical expenditures in t-1 and t-2 periods fulfill different signal function,and the persistence effect of medical expenditure in t-1 period on medical expenditure in t period is six or seven times than the one of medical expenditure in t-2 period on medical expenditure in t period.A deep study on persistence will provide empirical evidence for the reform of basic medical insurance system for urban employees.
Regulating class in the neoliberal era: the role of the state in the restructuring of work and employment relations

The article argues that, in the last three decades, states have become more preoccupied with, and interventionist in, the regulation of class relations in order to facilitate a broad liberalization of employment relations institutions. Drawing on insights from Regulation theorists and Karl Polanyi, the article examines the market-making role of states during periods of transition from one growth regime to another. The more prominent role of the state follows from the stickiness of institutions and the role that states can play in compensating workers from the consequences of liberalization. The article illustrates the argument with an examination of France and Sweden in the period since the early 1980s. For all their differences, in both cases substantial liberalization of employment relations institutions took place and in both cases, but for the state, the process of liberalization would have been either stymied or much more uneven than it was.
Provably Good and Practically Efficient Parallel Race Detection for Fork-Join Programs

If a parallel program has determinacy race(s), different schedules can result in memory accesses that observe different values --- various race-detection tools have been designed to find such bugs. A key component of race detectors is an algorithm for series-parallel (SP) maintenance, which identifies whether two accesses are logically parallel. This paper describes an asymptotically optimal algorithm, called WSP-Order, for performing SP maintenance in programs with fork-join (or nested) parallelism. Given a fork-join program with T1 work and T∞ span, WSP-Order executes it while also maintaining SP relationships in O(T1/P + T∞) time on P processors, which is asymptotically optimal. At the heart of WSP-Order is a work-stealing scheduler designed specifically for SP maintenance.We also implemented C-RACER, a race-detector based on WSP-Order within the Cilk Plus runtime system, and evaluated its performance on five benchmarks. Empirical results demonstrate that when run sequentially, it performs almost as well as previous best sequential race detectors. More importantly, when run in parallel, it achieves almost as much speedup as the original program without race-detection.
Intelligent Tutoring Gets Physical: Coaching the Physical Learner by Modeling the Physical World

Extending the application of intelligent tutoring beyond the desktop and into the physical world is a sought after capability. If implemented correctly, Artificial Intelligence AI tools and methods can be applied to support personalized and adaptive on-the-job training experiences as well as assist in the development of knowledge, skills and abilities KSAs across athletics and psychomotor domain spaces. While intelligent tutoring in a physical world is not a traditional application of such technologies, it still operates in much the same fashion as all Intelligent Tutoring Systems ITS in existence. It takes raw system interaction data and applies modeling techniques to infer performance and competency while a learner executes tasks within a scenario or defined problem set. While a traditional ITS observes learner interaction and performance to infer cognitive understanding of a concept and procedure, a physical ITS will observe interaction and performance to infer additional components of behavioral understanding and technique. A question the authors address in this paper is how physical interactions can be captured in an ITS friendly format and what technologies currently exist to monitor learner physiological signals and free-form behaviors? Answering the question involves a breakdown of the current state-of-the-art across technologies spanning wearable sensors, computer vision, and motion tracking that can be applied to model physical world components. The breakdown will include the pros and cons of each technology, an example of a domain model the data provided can inform, and the implications the derived models have on pedagogical decisions for coaching and reflection.
Study on Aging Strengthening of Mg-Zn-Cu Alloy Based on Component Optimization Design

In this study, we investigated the aging strengthening of Mg-Zn-Cu alloy based on component optimization design by FactSage software, optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the precipitation rate of MgZn2 phase in Mg-6Zn-1Cu is significantly higher than that of the other alloys. When Mg-6Zn-1Cu alloy is subjected to aging at 160°C for different time, the phase consists of α-Mg, MgCu2 and MgZn2. The content of main strengthening phase MgZn2 is increasing with the prolonging of aging time. When Mg-6Zn-1Cu alloy aged at 160°C for 10h, the kinetics of precipitation is considerably accelerated. The results indicate that the hardening produced in the Cu-containing alloy is considerably higher than in the Mg-Zn alloy. Therefore, based on component optimization design to establish Mg-Zn-Cu alloy solidification database, and to predict the phase equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of the alloy, is an effective method for the development of new magnesium alloy.
Teaching Argument and the Rhetoric of Orwell's "Politics and the English Language.".

its principles in the linguistic formulation of Newspeak in 1984, I am surprised to have searched Orwell scholarship unsuccessfully for a specifically rhetorical treatment of the essay. Briefly analytic (and critical) is AlbertJ. Brouse's 1974 note registering his disagreement with Orwell's criticism of Harold Laski's prose in the former's list of not "especially bad" examples of English as it is "now habitually written." Brouse feels that Orwell should be stripped of the "golden essay award" for the "most anthologized essay in college texts" on the basis of a miscount of negatives in one of the pieces Orwell attacks (Brouse argues that there are really seven negatives in the sentence rather than, as Orwell would have it, five). The closest to a developed analysis is Cleo McNelly's 1977 "On Not Teaching Orwell," in which the first two sentences of "Politics" are shown, in a long paragraph, to be rhetorically complex, and thus, from McNelly's perspective (following Mina Shaughnessy's Errors and Expectations of the same year), unsuitable for the basic or developmental writing student, as is the entire essay, in that Orwell "will fail [the student] as a guide, if not as a model as well" (557). Shaughnessy writes of Orwell's plain style, "To urge a student to emulate such 'simplicity' without exploring it thoroughly is to push him far beyond his verbal resources and encourage the very formalese a writer such as Orwell was careful to avoid" (196-97). McNelly's and Shaughnessy's points, in terms of my essay, bear, as noted, on the uses of "Politics" as a model or
Priming for Improved Hand Strength in Persons with Chronic Tetraplegia: A Comparison of Priming-Augmented Functional Task Practice, Priming Alone, and Conventional Exercise Training.

Many everyday tasks cannot be accomplished without adequate grip strength, and corticomotor drive to the spinal motoneurons is a key determinant of grip strength. In persons with tetraplegia, damage to spinal pathways limits transmission of signals from motor cortex to spinal motoneurons. Corticomotor priming, which increases descending drive, should increase corticospinal transmission through the remaining spinal pathways resulting in increased grip strength. Since the motor and somatosensory cortices share reciprocal connections, corticomotor priming may also have potential to influence somatosensory function. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in grip (precision, power) force and tactile sensation associated with two different corticomotor priming approaches and a conventional training approach, and to determine whether baseline values can predict responsiveness to training. Participants with chronic (> 1 year) tetraplegia (n=49), were randomized to one of two corticomotor priming approaches: functional task practice plus peripheral nerve somatosensory stimulation (FTP+PNSS) or peripheral nerve somatosensory stimulation alone (PNSS), or to conventional exercise training (CET). To assess whether baseline corticospinal excitability is predictive of responsiveness to training, in a subset of participants we assessed pre-intervention corticospinal excitability of the thenar muscles. Participants trained 2hrs daily, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Thirty-seven participants completed the study. Following intervention, significant improvements in precision grip force were observed in both the stronger and weaker hand in the FTP+PNSS group (effect size: 0.51, p=0.04 and 0.54, p=0.03; respectively), and significant improvements in weak hand precision grip force were associated with both PNSS and CET (effect size: 0.54, p=0.03 and 0.75, p=0.02; respectively). No significant changes were observed in power grip force or somatosensory scores in any group. Across all groups, responsiveness to training as measured by change in weak hand power grip force was correlated with baseline force. Change in precision grip strength was correlated with measures of baseline corticospinal excitability. These findings indicate that corticomotor priming with FTP+PNSS had the greatest influence on precision grip strength in both the stronger and weaker hand, however both PNSS and CET were associated with improved precision grip strength in the weaker hand. Responsiveness to training may be associated with baseline corticospinal.
Low pre-operative absolute monocyte count to predict overall survival benefit for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

6077 Background: With the advent of immunotherapy, the role of the immune system in cancer patients is increasingly being investigated. The role of lymphocytes as indicators of the adaptive immune ...
Nature-based hybrid computational geometry system for optimizing the interior structure of aerospace components

This talk will describe a recent collaboration between our group and the aircraft manufacturer Airbus for the design of a new aerospace component which uses cutting-edge design and fabrication techniques to radically reduce the weight of the component while maintaining the same structural performance. To achieve these results, we developed a novel computational geometry system which combines a bottom-up growth strategy based on slime mold behavior from nature, with a top-down genetic algorithm framework for optimizing the final design.
Efficacy of critiques in an apparel design studio

ABSTRACTCritique is a central feature in the discipline of apparel design and product development. Thus, this study examined student-generated responses regarding their learning experiences with three different critique methods: (a) group critique, (b) peer critique and (c) desk critique with instructor. A convenient sample of 40 students enrolled in an introductory design studio at a Midwest university participated in each critique session in the course of three projects throughout the semester. An online survey with closed and open-ended questions was conducted followed by each critique. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted for data analysis. Results showed that students’ perceived learning experiences, work improved and motivation increased through critiques with honest feedback. The findings confirm the importance of both instructor-led and student-led critiques. Strategically, instructors can integrate the efficacy of each critique method into course projects, thus, incorporatin...
Intersection of economic and environmental goals of sustainable development initiatives

Abstract There is growing interest in integration of sustainability into business planning decisions under a sustainable development framework. Environmental accounting methodologies for collection, measurement, and disclosure of financial and environmental impacts of strategic and operational managerial decisions are developed and utilized by business entities worldwide for effective management of both organizational and operational environmental protection policies. At the operational level, while extant literature has primarily focused on managerial decision making under different voluntary and regulatory emission pricing schemes, the intersection of economic (monetary) and environmental impact (non-monetary/physical) dimensions of sustainable development goals has received scant attention. This paper examines the intersection of the environmental and economic goals of sustainable development initiatives of a focal firm, which is engaged in the primary activities of production and/or transportation and storage of a single product within a forward supply chain. This paper assumes the presence of a responsive “green market ” through modeling of consumer awareness and response induced by the firms' environmental footprint disclosures. Through quantitative modeling approach, normative conclusions are derived on the compatibility of economic and environmental goals of sustainable development initiative. The results indicate the presence of convergence, divergence, and avoidance decision zones in balancing the environmental and economical goals of the firm's sustainable development for production and storage efficiency. The paper explicitly establishes the boundaries of the operational zones within the domain of the firm's environmental reduction and operational efficiency efforts. The results demonstrate that the efficacy of voluntary or regulated emission reduction targets depends on the firm's existing environmental and operational cost structures, and hence emission reduction targets must be well planned to avoid adverse environmental impact or operational inefficiencies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that in a green responsive market, there may exist critical emission reduction thresholds below which the economic and environmental benefits of sustainable development initiatives diverge.
Effects of Malpractice Law on the Practice of Medicine

Medical malpractice pits the legal system's ethics of client advocacy against the medical profession's ethics of patient advocacy. Fear of liability may lead to defensive medicine, an aberration of both professions' intent. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Evaluation of the Roundabout Capacity Model in HCM6 Edition and HCM 2010 on a Multilane Roundabout

This study evaluated the performance of the new Highway Capacity Manual 6th Edition (HCM6) roundabout capacity model at a multilane roundabout in Richfield, Minnesota. Traffic flow rates and gap ac...
Abstract B10: Prevalence of culturally tailored cancer messages in African-American churches

Objectives : 1) To examine the frequency of culturally tailored cancer messages present in African-American churches; 2) to examine the prevalence of culturally tailored cancer messages by cancer topic, type of media used, and media source. Method : Between July 2010 and June 2013, health-related print media were collected from 21 African-American churches in South Carolina (n=2,166). Content analysis methodology was used to code items as having culturally tailored messages or not. A review of the literature aided in the creation of a codebook used to determine whether items were “culturally tailored” to the African-American community. The Cohen9s kappa for this codebook was 0.74. These data were added to a previous codebook, which provided definitions for media types, media sources, and messages related to disease including cancer (Cohen9s kappa=.89). Pearson9s chi squared tests were conducted to determine the frequency of culturally tailored messages by cancer topic, type of media, and media source. We focused on the three most prevalent types of media (i.e., flyers, booklets/brochures, and magazines) and media sources (i.e., local health organizations, national health organizations, and church-made items) providing cancer messages in the dataset. Results : Of the 316 cancer messages, 118 (37%) were culturally tailored to African Americans. Cancer messages were significantly more likely to be culturally tailored than other types of disease messages (37% vs 19%, p Conclusion : Over one-third of cancer messages in this dataset were culturally tailored. However, the prevalence of culturally tailored messages differed across cancer sites, types of media publishing cancer messages, and sources of media. Additional research is needed to understand how these differences may impact cancer prevention and control behaviors among African Americans. Citation Format: Shaila Strayhorn, Brook Harmon, Andrew Carter, James Hebert. Prevalence of culturally tailored cancer messages in African-American churches [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B10.
In-cylinder flame luminosity measured from a stratified lean gasoline direct injection engine

Abstract In-cylinder flame luminosity has been used to diagnose combustion process and the formation of soot emissions in compression-ignition engines. Increased soot particle emissions from spark-ignited gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, especially those with stratified fuel-air mixtures, requires investigation of responsible anomalous flame behavior. In this work, spatiotemporal in-cylinder flame luminosity is reported from a lean stratified operating condition in a modern GDI engine. Significant fuel mass injected near top dead center led to detectable piston-top pool fires that have previously correlated to significant soot particle emissions. The demonstrated result shows that measuring in-cylinder flame luminosity is a viable tool for identifying soot-causing flames in GDI engines.
Factors affecting social presence and word-of-mouth in corporate social responsibility communication: Tone of voice, message framing, and online medium type

Abstract To understand how tone of voice, message framing, and type of online media affect public perceptions and reactions to an organization in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication, this study conducted a 2 (tone of voice: human voice vs. organizational voice) x 2 (message framing: gain-focused vs. loss-focused) x 2 (online media: Facebook vs. organizational blog) online experiment (N = 394). Conversational human voice and gain-focused framing significantly influence the social presence of the organization and publics’ positive word-of-mouth intention. Publics’ intention to generate positive word-of-mouth was highest when the organization used conversational human voice with gain-focused message and conveyed the message on its Facebook page.
Bayesian Multi-scale Spatio-temporal Modeling of Precipitation in the Indus Watershed

The Indus watershed is a highly populated region that contains parts of India, Pakistan, China, and Afghanistan. Changes in precipitation patterns and rates of glacial melt have significantly impacted the region in recent years, and climate change is projected to result in further serious human and environmental consequences. To understand the climate dynamics of the Indus watershed and surrounding regions, reanalysis and satellite data from products such as APHRODITE-2, TRMM, ERA5, and MERRA-2 are often used, yet these products are not always in agreement regarding critical variables such as precipitation. Here we objectively evaluate the level of agreement between precipitation from these four products. Because these data are on different spatial scales, we propose a low-rank spatiotemporal dynamic linear model for precipitation that integrates information from each of the above climate products. Specifically, we model each data source as the combination of a modified shared process, a discrepancy process, and Gaussian noise. We define the shared process at a high spatial resolution that can be upscaled according to the resolution of the observed data. Our proposed model's shared process provides a cohesive picture of monthly precipitation in the Indus watershed from 2000-2009, while the product-specific discrepancies provide insight into how and where the products differ from one another.
Morphine and HIV-1 gp120 cooperatively promote pathogenesis in the spinal pain neural circuit.

Opioids are common analgesics for pain relief in HIV patients. Ironically, emerging clinical data indicate that repeated use of opioid analgesics in fact leads to a heightened chronic pain state. T...
Bifacial CdS/CdTe Solar Cell using Transparent Barium Copper Sulfide as a Hole Transport Layer

We report the properties of earth-abundant p-type transparent BaCu 4 S 3 (BCS) thin films deposited by solution-based method. Our films of 100 nm thickness show transparency > 70% over the visible and near-infrared regions. We study the bifacial photovoltaic performance of CdTe solar cells using BCS as a hole transport layer. The BCS deposition etches the CdTe to leave a Te rich surface which can help to reduce the barrier height. Our best device, completed with ITO on the BCS, when illuminated from the glass side illumination (η = 12.3 %) shows improved performance relative to our standard Cu/Au back contact, with increased Voc and FF. For film side illumination, Jsc is low and (η reaches just 1%). Once optimized, this earth-abundant transparent BCS could serve as an effective, inexpensive, low-toxicity back contact layer for bifacial CdTe solar cell.
More than Meals: A Narrative Criminological Analysis of Inmate‐Authored Cookbooks

Cookbooks are cultural artifacts, providing glimpses into the ways in which a society views itself. Cookbooks of incarcerated individuals are notably absent from the landscape of scholarly work, although the genre can tell us much about a largely invisible segment of society. Using a narrative criminology approach, this project situates inmate‐authored cookbooks as narrative and examines 13 inmate‐authored cookbooks to determine how the structural elements of these narratives establish (or fail to establish) links with wider, mainstream society. Results suggest that the majority of inmate‐authored cookbooks employ narrative structures and strategies that engage with outside society by challenging the nature of ‘otherness’. Only a few cookbooks utilise such strategies as inside humour or violent narratives to mark the boundaries of prison culture. Findings help to extend the theoretical usefulness of narrative criminology, broaden and deepen our understanding of the prison experience, and establish the prison cookbook as a valid form of narrative.
A Retrospective Quality Analysis of External Ventricular Drain Infection Rates Following Stroke Diagnoses and Other Brain Injuries: Comparison of Emergency Room and ICU/OR Setting.

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of infections in patients following placement of External Ventricular Drain (EVD) in either the Emergency Room (ER) or the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)/ Operating Room (OR) at a single Comprehensive Stroke Center. Methods Retrospective analysis of post-procedure infection rates in 710 patients with EVDs placed on site between 2010 and 2018 was performed. We analyzed cases between sex, age, stroke and non-stroke related and further requirement of conversion of the EVD to a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. Results Significant decrease in EVD related infection (ERIs) rates following the shift in EVD placement from ER to ICU/OR (from 13% to 7.7%, p=.03) among all ages, sex and type of brain injury was observed. Furthermore, our data also shows that the rate of conversion of EVDs to VP shunts is independent of the setting where EVD was placed, but increases in patients who develop ERIs. 23.1% of stroke patients that developed an ERI required a conversion to VP shunt while 67.3% of non-stroke patients that developed an ERI required further VP shunt (p<.001) showing that non-stroke EVD patients with infections are more likely to require VP shunt. Conclusion This is one of the larger retrospective studies conducted on EVD related infections. ERIs were significantly higher when EVDs were placed in the ER. Moreover, our results highlight the relation between ERIs and further requirement of conversion EVD to VP shunt. These figures highlight the importance of focusing on infection rates, and the implications CSF infection has on the long-term care of patients.