cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Degradation of organic pollutants in/on snow and ice by singlet molecular oxygen (1O*2) and an organic triplet excited state

Singlet molecular oxygen (¹O₂*) can be a significant sink for a variety of electron-rich pollutants in surface waters and atmospheric drops. We recently found that ¹O₂* concentrations are enhanced by up to a factor of 10(4) on illuminated ice compared to in the equivalent liquid solution, suggesting that ¹O₂* could be an important oxidant for pollutants in snow. To examine this, here we study the degradation of three model organic pollutants: furfuryl alcohol (to represent furans), tryptophan (for aromatic amino acids), and bisphenol A (for phenols). Each compound was studied in illuminated aqueous solution and ice containing Rose Bengal (RB, a sensitizer for ¹O₂*) and sodium chloride (to adjust the concentration of total solutes). The RB-mediated loss of each organic compound is enhanced on illuminated ice compared to in solution, by factors of 6400 for furfuryl alcohol, 8300 for tryptophan, and 50 for bisphenol A for ice containing 0.065 mM total solutes. Rates of loss of furfuryl alcohol and tryptophan decrease at a higher total solute concentration, in qualitative agreement with predictions from freezing-point depression. In contrast, the loss of bisphenol A on ice is independent of total solute concentration. Relative to liquid tests, the enhanced loss of tryptophan on ice during control experiments made with deoxygenated solutions and solutions in D₂O show that the triplet excited state of Rose Bengal may also contribute to loss of pollutants on ice.
Suppression of carbon deposition in CO2-reforming of methane on metal sulfide catalysts

The catalytic performance of metal sulfides of Mo and W was studied for the CO2-reforming of methane by comparing with that of Ni/SiO2. The sulfide catalysts have lower activity than the Ni/SiO2 catalyst for this reaction, however, no deactivation due to carbon deposition was observed on the sulfide catalysts. The activity for direct decomposition of CH4 was much smaller on the sulfides than on supported Ni. The rate equation suggested that, during steady-state reaction, the surface was abundant in adsorbed CO2 on sulfides, by which direct decomposition of CH4 should be retarded in addition to their lower activity for this reaction.
Fear-potentiated startle to threat, and prepulse inhibition among young adult nonsmokers, abstinent smokers, and nonabstinent smokers

Background Evidence suggests that the transition from experimental to regular smoking is facilitated by the influence of tobacco on affective and attentional mechanisms. The objective of this study was to examine affective and attentional responses in young adult smokers using fear-potentiated startle and prepulse inhibition. Methods Participants were 56 college nonsmokers, nonabstinent smokers, and overnight-abstinent smokers. The fear-potentiated startle test examined phasic responses to imminent threat cues and more sustained responses to unpredictable aversive events. Prepulse inhibition investigated responses to attended and ignored prepulse stimuli. Results Abstinent and nonabstinent smokers showed increased sustained potentiation of startle to contextual cues, compared to controls. Abstinent smokers showed increased fear-potentiated startle to threat cues, compared to nonsmokers. PPI did not discriminate between abstinent or nonabstinent smokers and controls. Conclusions These findings suggest that negative affectivity or anxiety is associated with smoking, particularly during short withdrawal. Potentiated startle may provide a valuable tool in understanding the biologic mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal and inform cessation and prevention efforts.
Unitary dressing transformations and exponential decay below threshold for quantum spin systems. Parts III and IV

This is the continuation of a series of articles concerning a class of quantum spin systems with Hamiltonian operators of the form $$H_\lambda = \sum\limits_{x \in \Lambda } {s_x + } \sum\limits_{yo \subset \Lambda } {\lambda ^{\left| {yo} \right|_c - 1} } t_{yo} $$ where Λ is a graph, λ is a small parameter andsx has a gap≥1 for all x e Λ\I In the singular setI ⊂ Λ, the gap ofsx can be arbitrarily small. Part III is devoted to the proof of a preliminary result, while in Part IV we consider the case in whichI is a subset of finite density of Λ. This completes the first iteration step of the deterministic part of the proof of localization in the ground state of the random field quantumXY model.
Electron microscopic studies of cat mesenteric arterioles: a structure-function analysis.

Abstract Arcade arterioles of cat mesentery were fixed in vivo at normal and elevated intravascular pressures and studied by transmission electron microscopy. In general, cells, filaments, and extracellular fibrils on the luminal side of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) were oriented longitudinally while those of the abluminal side were oriented circumferentially. The IEL presented a smooth, cylindrical appearance while the intima, media, and adventitia were quite irregular in cross section and longitudinal section. The vessel lumen contour was also irregular, especially in the vicinity of endothelial cell nuclei. Endothelial cell processes (ridges) projected through longitudinal slits (fenestrae) in the IEL and made contact with vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, often causing apparent deformation of the latter. VSM cells typically possessed multiple processes which were oriented circumferentially. Within the VSM cells myofibrils were oriented tangential to the vessel circumference. Dense bodies were preferentially located on the adventitial surface of the VSM but were also found at junctions between myocytes, suggesting a means of force transmission between cells. Vessels which were constricted with venous pressure elevation showed substantial changes in conformation of the wall structures, which may reflect considerable mobility of wall elements. Several areas of the VSM cell membrane appear to be deformed with intravascular pressure elevation, which may be important in the myogenic response to the pressure rise.
Developing spectrum-based models for international roughness index and present serviceability index

This paper presents a theoretical model for determining international roughness index (IRI) and present serviceability index (PSI) in term of power spectral density (PSD) roughness. Frequency response functions of quarter-car model and CHOLE-type profilometer are obtained by means of stochastic process theory. Correlation of IRI and PSD becomes possible based on their PSD-based expression. It is also shown that statistical regression may not be effective when attempting to correlate IRI with PSI due to their inherent multivalued corresponding property. Transportation agencies can use PSD-based models to precisely convert IRI to PSI given that PSD roughness of a pavement is known. Furthermore, this paper provides a correlation between typical PSI and IRI of flexible and rigid pavements whose PSD roughness is given in the form of power law at specified levels.
1 alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 analog structure-function assessment of intestinal nuclear receptor occupancy with induction of calbindin-D28K

1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] has been shown to generate biological responses via both genomic and nongenomic pathways. In previous studies concerning the mechanism of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-stimulated rapid intestinal transport of Ca2+, a process termed transcaltachia, we assessed the ability of seven analogs of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 to initiate transcaltachia in the vitamin D-replete chick and bind in vitro to the classical nuclear chick intestinal receptor for 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (VDR). Two groups of analogs were found, one able to stimulate transcaltachia and the other able to bind to the VDR. In the present study, we have examined both the genomic effect of these analogs in the intestine of vitamin D-deficient chicks and their in vitro binding to vitamin D binding protein. It was found that analogs known to bind effectively to the nuclear receptor in vitro could achieve a significant occupancy of the VDR in vivo and stimulated calbindin-D28K messenger RNA and protein synthesis. In contrast, those analogs that were good agonists of transcaltachia were ineffective either in occupying the VDR in vitro or in stimulating in vivo calbindin-D28K messenger RNA and protein synthesis. These differences are consistent with our hypothesis that there may be two receptors for 1,25-(OH)2D3 with differing ligand binding domains, one being the classical nuclear VDR and the second a membrane receptor associated with transcaltachia.
The role of prostaglandins in the renin, catecholamine, and blood pressure responses to hemorrhage and captopril in conscious rabbits.

Abstract The plasma renin activity (PRA) increases and blood pressure changes seen following mild (6 ml/kg) hemorrhage and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (captopril, 1 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.6 mg/kg/hr infusion) were studied in conscious rabbits. Two protocols were followed to evaluate the role of fatty acid cyclooxygenase products and beta-adrenergic receptors. In the first, the effect of indomethacin (I) (n=8) (4mg/kg/d in drinking water for five days and 10 mg/kg intravenous bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/h infusion on day of study) was compared to control (C) (n=8) receiving I diluent. In the second protocol, the combination of propranolol (P) (5 mg/kg/d in drinking water for five days and 0.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 2.4 mg/kg/hr infusion) plus I (n=7) was compared to P alone (n=7). After oral I, immunoassayable prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion was 46% less than control (p p
Quantification of adipose tissue in a rodent model of obesity

Obesity is a global epidemic and a comorbidity for many diseases. We are using MRI to characterize obesity in rodents, especially with regard to visceral fat. Rats were scanned on a 1.5T clinical scanner, and a T1W, water-spoiled image (fat only) was divided by a matched T1W image (fat + water) to yield a ratio image related to the lipid content in each voxel. The ratio eliminated coil sensitivity inhomogeneity and gave flat values across a fat pad, except for outlier voxels (> 1.0) due to motion. Following sacrifice, fat pad volumes were dissected and measured by displacement in canola oil. In our study of 6 lean (SHR), 6 dietary obese (SHR-DO), and 9 genetically obese rats (SHROB), significant differences in visceral fat volume was observed with an average of 29±16 ml increase due to diet and 84±44 ml increase due to genetics relative to lean control with a volume of 11±4 ml. Subcutaneous fat increased 14±8 ml due to diet and 198±105 ml due to genetics relative to the lean control with 7±3 ml. Visceral fat strongly correlated between MRI and dissection (R2 = 0.94), but MRI detected over five times the subcutaneous fat found with error-prone dissection. Using a semi-automated images segmentation method on the ratio images, intra-subject variation was very low. Fat pad composition as estimated from ratio images consistently differentiated the strains with SHROB having a greater lipid concentration in adipose tissues. Future work will include in vivo studies of diet versus genetics, identification of new phenotypes, and corrective measures for obesity; technical efforts will focus on correction for motion and automation in quantification.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ASSEMBLAGE-LEVEL THINNING FOR SPECIES RICHNESS

1 A unimodal relationship between species richness and primary productivity is commonly reported. To explain this pattern, the mechanisms proposed in the many hypotheses are generally complex and almost all are without a strong empirical foundation. Here we evaluate the role of self-thinning in plant assemblages: assemblage-level thinning. 2 We developed a simple two-parameter model of species richness that predicts that plant species richness will be determined by a unimodal relationship between total plant density and above-ground biomass. This model provides a very narrowly defined set of testable quantitative predictions, and thus is the first falsifiable model of assemblage-level thinning. We fit this model to the species richness–above-ground biomass data from 14 empirical studies that are often cited as evidence of a general diversity–productivity relationship. In addition, we compared our model to two other models, one more flexible and one more constrained than our own. 3 We found that our model of species richness explained a substantial and statistically significant portion of the species richness observed in 11 of the 14 empirical studies of species richness–biomass patterns. Therefore, given the conservative nature of our model, and the number of previously published data sets explained by this model, we argue that assemblage-level thinning not only provides a viable and exceedingly parsimonious explanation, but may also be a widespread phenomenon.
Strong Field-to-Field Variation of Lyman alpha Nebulae Populations at z~2.3

Understanding the nature of distant Ly-alpha nebulae ("blobs") and connecting them to their present-day descendants requires constraining their number density, clustering, and large-scale environment. To measure these basic quantities, we conduct a deep narrowband imaging survey in four different fields, Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS), Chandra Deep Field North, and two COSMOS subfields, for a total survey area of 1.2deg^2. We discover 25 blobs at z=2.3 with Ly-alpha luminosities of 0.7-8x10^43 erg/s and isophotal areas of Aiso = 10-60 arcsec^2. The transition from compact Ly-alpha emitters (Aiso ~ a few arcsec^2) to extended blobs (Aiso > 10 arcsec^2) is continuous, suggesting a single family perhaps governed by similar emission mechanisms. Surprisingly, most blobs (16/25) are in one survey field, the CDFS. The six brightest, largest blobs with L > 1.5x10^43 erg/s and Aiso > 16 arcsec^2 lie only in the CDFS. These large, bright blobs have a field-to-field variance of sigma_v >~ 1.5 (150%) about their number density n ~ 1.0x10^-5 Mpc^-3. This variance is large, significantly higher than that of unresolved LAEs (sigma_v ~ 0.3 or 30%), and can adversely affect comparisons of blob number densities and luminosity functions among different surveys. We compare the statistics of our blobs with dark matter halos in a 1 Gpc/h cosmological N-body simulation. At z=2.3, the number density (n) implies that each bright, large blob could occupy a halo of M_halo > 10^13 Msun if most halos have detectable blobs. The predicted variance in n is consistent with that observed and corresponds to a bias of ~7. Blob halos lie at the high end of the halo mass distribution at z=2.3 and are likely to evolve into the ~10^14 Msun halos typical of galaxy clusters today. On larger scales of ~10 co-moving Mpc, blobs cluster where compact LAEs do, indicating that blobs lie in coherent, highly overdense structures.
Critical Role of N-terminal End-localized Nuclear Export Signal in Regulation of Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2) Subcellular Localization and Transcriptional Activity

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) belongs to the basic leucine zipper family of transcription factors. ATF2 regulates target gene expression by binding to the cyclic AMP-response element as a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun. Cytoplasmic localization of ATF2 was observed in melanoma, brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer disease, prostate cancer specimens, and ionizing radiation-treated prostate cancer cells, suggesting that alteration of ATF2 subcellular localization may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We previously demonstrated that ATF2 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, and it contains two nuclear localization signals in the basic region and one nuclear export signal (NES) in the leucine zipper domain (named LZ-NES). In the present study, we demonstrate that a hydrophobic stretch in the N terminus, 1MKFKLHV7, also functions as an NES (termed N-NES) in a chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent manner. Mutation of both N-NES and LZ-NES results in a predominant nuclear localization, whereas mutation of each individual NES only partially increases the nuclear localization. These results suggest that cytoplasmic localization of ATF2 requires function of at least one of the NESs. Further, mutation of N-NES enhances the transcriptional activity of ATF2, suggesting that the novel NES negatively regulates the transcriptional potential of ATF2. Thus, ATF2 subcellular localization is probably modulated by multiple mechanisms, and further understanding of the regulation of ATF2 subcellular localization under various pathological conditions will provide insight into the pathophysiological role of ATF2 in human diseases.
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER: RESULTS FROM CANCER OF THE PROSTATE STRATEGIC UROLOGICAL RESEARCH ENDEAVOR (CaPSURE)

ABSTRACT Purpose: Pretreatment risk assessment models facilitate more appropriate selection of treatment for prostate cancer. However, men with high risk disease remain a challenge with significant potential for primary treatment failure. We characterize patterns of treatment for high risk prostate cancer in a community based cohort. Materials and Methods: In the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urological Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) database, a longitudinal disease registry of men with prostate cancer, we identified those with nonmetastatic, high risk disease based on T stage, tumor grade and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Differences in primary treatment, and the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in patients at low, intermediate and high risk were assessed. In the high risk cohort predictors of the type of primary treatment, and the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen therapy were identified. Results: Of the cancers 34%, 40% and 26% were low, intermediate and high risk, respectively. Differences in primary treatment type among the 3 risk groups were statistically significant (p Conclusions: Men with high risk but nonmetastatic prostate cancer are more likely to receive radiation therapy as well as androgen deprivation with the latter as primary therapy or in conjunction with local treatment. These data stress the importance of pretreatment risk stratification, education regarding appropriate combinations of local and systemic therapies, and the consideration of novel clinical trials in patients at higher risk.
ESOPs, takeover protection, and corporate decision-making

ESOPs have the potential to align the interests of employees and owners and may increase firm value. However, employee ownership may also strengthen the position of entrenched management. The literature predicts that firms newly protected from takeover threat will tend to (1) increase long-term investment and (2) require additional external monitoring, and/or (3) may use leverage as part of an overall antitakeover strategy. We examined firms that have adopted ESOPs and find that firms raise the level of capital expenditures, research and development expenditures, and dividends. (JEF G320)
Microbial Production of Elastolytic Enzymes

Among 843 strains of 56 microbial genera tested, those producing considerably high elastolytic activities in the culture broths belonged to only 5 genera, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. When Flavobacterium sp. No. 9–35 which was isolated from soil, was cultured in a commercially applicable medium, 155 units per ml of elastolytic enzyme was produced which was about 4 fold higher than that produced with a complex medium by “the best” strain of those reported.Twenty six-fold purified enzyme preparation from Flavobacterium sp. No. 9–35 showed the optimum temperature of 40°C and the optimum pH of 7.5 with phosphate buffer for the activity. The enzyme was stable at neutral pH and at less than 40°C, while the complete inactivation was observed at 60°C for 20 min. CuSO4, ZnSO4 and HgCl2 strongly inhibited the activity, wheras p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and EDTA did not. 0.1 m NaCl inhibited the activity 45% at pH 8.5, while activated it 20% at pH 7.2. The enzyme was strongly...
“Positive” and “negative” edge dislocations simultaneously interacting with Σ11 GB during nanoindentation

Abstract Quasicontinuum simulations of “positive” and “negative” dislocations simultaneously interacting with Σ11 symmetrical tilt grain boundary (GB) during nanoindentation reveal two distinctive dislocation/GB interactions depending on the indenter size h and demarcated by a potential independent critical indenter size h ¯ cr . When h is less than h ¯ cr , lattice dislocations are eliminated by a reflected dislocation from dislocation-GB interaction. Meanwhile, less grain boundary dislocations (GBDs) are emitted. However, when h is greater than h ¯ cr , the “positive” and “negative” dislocations nucleate separately and interact with GB dependently due to one interaction site absorbing GBDs nucleated from another interaction site. The resulted GB configuration shows a regularly-stepped shape. Studies of a free-standing dissociated dislocation dipole (DP) shows that, hcr, depending on potentials, is a critical distance between two extended dislocations of a DP, at which the DP transforms configuration between stacking fault overlapping and non-overlapping configuration. The full edge DP model based on continuum theory, which does not take the strong interactions between partial dislocations into account, fails to predict hcr.
Acid/base equilibria in clusters and their role in proton exchange membranes: computational insight

We describe molecular orbital theory and ab initio molecular dynamics studies of acid/base equilibria of clusters AH : (H2O)n ⇔A− : H+(H2O)n in low hydration regime (n = 1–4), where AH is a model of perfluorinated sulfonic acids, RSO3H (R = CF3CF2), encountered in polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells. Free energy calculations on the neutral and ion pair structures for n = 3 indicate that the two configurations are close in energy and are accessible in the fluctuation dynamics of proton transport. For n = 1, 2 the only relevant configuration is the neutral form. This was verified through ab initio metadynamics simulations. These findings suggest that bases are directly involved in the proton transport at low, n = 3, hydration level, but not at lower hydration levels, n ≤ 2. In addition, the gas phase proton affinity of the model sulfonic acid H was found to be comparable to the proton affinity of water. The free energy profile for proton exchange between a protonated acid–water cluster configuration and a neutral acid–hydronium ion cluster configuration showed that such configurations are nearly isoenergetic. Thus, protonated acids can also play a role in proton transport under low hydration conditions and under high concentration of protons.
a Determination and Analysis of the Thermionic Constants of Thoriated Tungsten.

The slopes and intercepts of Richardson plots are obtained for states of activation from a flashed to a completely thoriated surface, and for applied fields up to 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ volts/cm. The following observations are described: (1) abnormal decrease of work function with low applied fields, (2) effect of bombardment with positive ions, (3) effect of aging at high temperatures, (4) proportionality of the log of the intercept and the slope at a given state of activation, (5) variation of the low field intercept of the Richardson plot with activation, (6) variation of the high field intercept of the Richardson plot with activation, (7) (8) emission lag effects at high and low applied fields (9) dependence on temperature of the anomalous Schottky effect. The observations are analyzed in terms of an assumed patch distribution of adsorbed atoms such that the concentration difference between patches decreases with increasing temperature. More complete information is presented concerning the temperature coefficients of the work function for thoriated tungsten, and the precautions necessary before comparisons are made with temperature coefficients obtained photoelectrically or by contact potential measurements.
Factors affecting pore water hydrocarbon concentrations in Puget Sound sediments

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and aliphatic hydrocarbon concentrations have been determined for sediments and associated pore waters collected at 2 sites (11 stations) in Puget Sound, Washington (northwest U.S.A.). These sediments have been contaminated to varying degrees by hydrocarbons from a creosote plant and from various combustion sources. PAH were not detected in pore waters of sediments whose PAH were primarily derived from combustion and natural sources, even though pore water concentrations predicted from sediment concentrations and two-phase equilibrium partitioning models were above detection limits from most PAH. Equilibrium partition coefficients calculated from field aqueous and solid phase data from an area contaminated with creosote agreed with laboratory-derived coefficients to within a factor of ± 4. Pore water concentrations of creosote-derived aliphatic hydrocarbons increase with increasing concentration in bulk sediments. However, pore water concentrations of natural and contaminant aliphatic hydrocarbons are much higher than predicted by solubility data, possibly due to association with nonfilterable dissolved organic matter and colloids. Other major factors controlling hydrocarbon pore water concentrations include differential hydrocarbon sources, specific particle associations and solubility.
Effect of K+ deficiency on oxidative metabolism in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells

The effect of cell K+ content, and cell-membrane K+ transport on mitochondrial ATP generation was studied in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. 1. 1. Depletion of cell K+ by repeated washings in cold K+-free medium results in an initial decline in ATP with concomitant increase in ADP and AMP content on incubation at 37 °C. After prolonged incubation, ATP content falls to negligible levels and AMP degradation is evident as manifested by a fall in total adenine nucleotides. The fall in ATP is a consequence of reduced electron transport through the mitochondrial respiratory chain. 2. 2. ATP reduction in the K+-depleted cell can be prevented if the cells are incubated in a K+-containing medium. Addition of K+ after preincubation of K+-depleted cells does not lead to restoration of adenine nucleotide levels. By contrast, addition of glutamine to K+-depleted cells, with or without preincubation, restores the ATP content. This effect of exogenous substrate, and the unimpaired conversion of [14C]palmitate to 14CO2 suggest that K+-depletion does not directly interfere with oxidative phosphorylation and that availability of endogenous substrates for mitochondrial oxidation is limiting in the K+-deficient state.
A Family Based Model of Hispanic Adolescent Substance Use.

While adolescent substance use has been the focus of extensive research over the last few decades, Hispanic adolescent substance use has received only limited attention. Studies exploring predictors of Hispanic adolescent substance use have failed to adequately explore the contribution of the family on substance use. The present study examined the relative influence of family, school and peer influences, perceived student substance use, family substance use, and acculturation on a sample of Mexican-American early adolescents using structural equations modeling. The findings varied for males and females. Family functioning and family use directly influenced substance use for males. Family functioning influenced school and peer variables, however, these were unrelated to use. For females, family use and student use directly influenced substance use. Family functioning influenced family use and school and peer attachments. School and peer attachment predicted perceived student use. These findings suggest that family functioning has a primary role in Hispanic adolescent substance use.
Human-computer interaction: input devices

All aspects of human-computer interaction, from the high-level concerns of organizational context and system requirements to the conceptual, semantic, syntactic, and lexical levels of user interface design, are ultimately funneled through physical input and output actions and devices. The fundamental task in computer input is to move information from the brain of the user to the computer. Progress in this discipline attempts to increase the useful bandwidth across that interface by seeking faster, more natural, and more convenient means for a user to transmit information to a computer. This article mentions some of the technical background for this area, surveys the range of input devices currently in use and emerging, and considers future trends in input.
Alternative exact-path-integral treatment of the hydrogen atom

Abstract An alternative exact-path-integral treatment of the hydrogen atom is proposed. The earlier treatment is based on the bijective transformation of Kustaanheimo and Stiefel. The proposed procedure reduces the radial path integral for the hydrogen atom into that for an oscillator in R 3 by one-to-one mapping.
The Influence of combat and interpersonal trauma on PTSD, depression, and alcohol misuse in U.S. Gulf War and OEF/OIF women veterans

The present study evaluated the impact of combat and interpersonal trauma exposure in a sample of 115 U.S. women veterans from Gulf War I and the Iraq and Afghanistan wars on 3 postdeployment trauma-related mental health outcomes: posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PSS), depressive symptom severity (DSS), and alcohol misuse. Patients presenting for healthcare services at a Veterans Affairs postdeployment health specialty clinic completed screening questionnaires that assessed combat exposure, lifetime interpersonal trauma history of childhood neglect, physical, or sexual abuse, and adult sexual and physical assault. In a regression model, combat exposure was the only significant independent variable associated with PSS, DSS, and alcohol misuse (β = .42, .27 and B = 1.58, respectively) even after adding lifetime interpersonal assault exposure to the model. Results highlight the negative effects of combat exposure on treatment-seeking women veterans' postdeployment mental health. Incorporating combat exposure into routine screening procedures for Gulf War and Iraq and Afghanistan war women veterans can aid in mental health treatment planning.
Association of Health Literacy with Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adult Primary Care Patients

In the United States, it is estimated that 40% of adults utilize complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. Recently, national surveys report that over 90 million adults have inadequate health literacy. To date, no study has assessed health literacy and its effect on CAM use. The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between health literacy and CAM use independent of educational attainment. Second objective was to evaluate the differential effect of health literacy on CAM use by race. 351 patients were recruited from an outpatient primary care clinic. Validated surveys assessed CAM use (I-CAM-Q), health literacy (REALM-R), and demographic information. We compared demographics by health literacy (adequate vs. inadequate) and overall and individual CAM categories by health literacy using chi square statistics. We found a race by health literacy interaction and ran sequential logistic regression models stratified by race to test the association between health literacy and overall CAM use (Model 1), Model 1 + education (Model 2), and Model 2 + other demographic characteristics (Model 3). We reported the adjusted effect of health literacy on CAM use for both whites and African Americans separately. 75% of the participants had adequate literacy and 80% used CAM. CAM use differed by CAM category. Among whites, adequate health literacy was significantly associated with increased CAM use in both unadjusted (Model 1, OR 7.68; p = 0.001) and models adjusted for education (Model 2, OR 7.70; p = 0.002) and other sociodemographics (Model 3, OR 9.42; p = 0.01). Among African Americans, adequate health literacy was not associated with CAM use in any of the models. We found a race by literacy interaction suggesting that the relationship between health literacy and CAM use differed significantly by race. Adequate health literacy among whites is associated with increased CAM use, but not associated with CAM use in African Americans.
Efficiency of utilization of thymine and 5-bromouracil for normal and repair DNA synthesis in bacteria.

Abstract Thymine-requiring bacteria exhibit a pronounced selectivity for thymine over its analogue, 5-bromouracil, in normal DNA synthesis when both are supplied in the growth medium. The present report extends this observation to a consideration of the utilization of these pyrimidines in DNA repair replication. 1. 1. The selectivity for thymine over 5-bromouracil results from a more rapid reaction rate for utilization of thymine than of 5-bromouracil in one or more of the reactions by which exogenous pyrimidines are incorporated into DNA. 2. 2. A distinctly greater selectivity for thymine over 5-bromouracil is expressed in the non-conservative repair mode of DNA replication than in the semi-conservative mode. 3. 3. Both repair and normal DNA synthesis can be assumed to draw precursors from the same pool of nucleoside triphosphates. 4. 4. Our results support the hypothesis that separate enzyme systems are involved in the normal and in the repair modes of DNA replication and that the repair polymerase complex exhibits a more stringent requirement for the natural base, thymine. 5. 5. The loss in viability observed when bacteria grow in 5-bromouracil medium may be due to the relative inefficiency of utilization of 5-bromouracil in a required repair-replication step in normal DNA metabolism.
Transvenous occlusion of clinical andsubclinical varicoceles

Abstract Forty-four subfertile men with a palpable or clinically suspected varicocele underwentphysical examination, nuclear scan, and testicular venography. The ability of these tests to detect a varicocele was compared. The sensitivity of physical examination was 0.94 on the left and 0.35 on the right. Specificity was 0.22 on the left and 0.77 on the right. The sensitivity of nuclear scan was 0.97 on the left and 0. 73 on the right. Specificity was 0.56 on the left and 0.50 on the right. Patients with varicoceles demonstrated by venography were treated with testicular vein embolization. There were no complications except two asymptomatic subintimal injections, both of which occurred on the right side. A total of 19 patients had pre- and post-embolization semen analyses performed. The total motile sperm count increased from 27.0 million to 35.5 million. The overall pregnancy rate in the embolization-treated group was 43.7 percent.
The Lowry model of land use simulation and its derivatives

Abstract The Lowry family of urban land use simulation models is one of the most widely used, both as an aid in scientific investigation, and as a tool for making predictions concerning growth and change in the distribution and intensity of land use activities. This paper outlines the theoretical work and modelling experience which led to the development of the Lowry family of land use simulation models and sketches the main features of its logical structure. The paper commences with a discussion of procedural relationships between modelling and planning, focusing upon difficulties which are frequently encountered when predictive models are to be designed for planning purposes. Next, the paper describes the conceptual foundations of the gravity and entropy-maximizing models of spatial interaction, followed by an explanation of how the gravity idea was applied in the Lowry model of urban land use and its successors. Finally, the last section of the paper is devoted to ITLUP, in which Lowry-type land use models embodying entropy-maximizing trip functions are linked with a transportation network simulation model.
Ultrastructural changes in Brown Swiss cattle affected with bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy (Weaver syndrome).

Summary Thirty Brown Swiss cattle, 7 to 30 months old, clinically affected with the weaver syndrome and five clinically normal Brown Swiss were studied. Ultrastructural examination mainly of the thoracic spinal cord revealed axonal changes accompanied by degeneration of myelin sheaths that were fragmented and lamellae vesiculated. The degeneration was accompanied by moderate gliosis and phagocytosis of degenerated myelin. There were no inflammatory changes. The ultrastructural changes may represent a disturbance of axoplasmic transport and subsequent axonal degeneration.
Differential inflammatory responses triggered by toxic small molecules

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine whether exposure to hazardous chemicals alters chemokine or cytokine production in macrophages and link these events to changes in intracellular signaling pathways and activation of specific gene promoters.
Politics and Time in the Baal Cycle

AbstractThis essay considers the Ugaritic Baal Cycle in light of Mircea Eliade’s ideas about history and primordial archetypes. Unlike the Babylonian poem Enuma elish with which it is so often compared, the Baal Cycle does not depict a primordial combat and so does not root the political rule of today in the overcoming of a prior chaos. The Ugaritic poem adopts an attitude towards politics that is at odds with the one taken by the Babylonian creation narrative and championed by Eliade in his celebration of what he called “archaic ontology.” Instead of providing a means to overcome the contingency of historical becoming, the Baal Cycle embraces the historical aspect of political rule.
Chlordecone (Kepone)-potentiated carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in partially hepatectomized rats--a histomorphometric study.

Our previous studies indicated the involvement of some unidentified mechanisms, apart from the bioactivation phenomenon, in chlordecone (CD)-potentiated CCl4 hepatotoxicity and lethality. Recent studies revealed that hepatocellular regeneration is suppressed in CD + CCl4 toxicity. The present work is a continuation of our earlier work employing a partial hepatectomy model for stimulating hepatocellular division, in normal (N) or CD-treated (10 ppm for 15 days) rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on an appropriate dietary protocol and undergoing sham (SH) or partial hepatectomies (PH) were employed. Hepatocellular regeneration was assessed by measuring the percentage mitotic figures and by autoradiography of liver sections from rats given 3H-thymidine in vivo. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by examining liver sections for necrotic cells, swollen cells and cells having lipid droplets. CCl4 (100 μl kg−1)-induced histopathological alterations in CD-pretreated rats were significantly decreased in rats 2 days post-PH (PH2) as compared to SH rats or rats 7 days post-PH (PH7), indicating that amplification of CCl4 toxicity is significantly reduced when there is a greater regenerative activity. The percentage of mitoses as well as the percentage of labelled cells were significantly elevated at 2–6 h after CCl4 administration in N rats but remained suppressed in CD rats. In CD-pretreated PH2 rats where the percentage of mitoses and the percentage of labelled cells were many-fold greater when compared to SH or PH7 rats, a portion of the stimulated hepatocellular division decreased significantly at 2–6 h after CCl4 administration, but remained significantly greater when compared to basal level of regeneration. These results support our concept that suppression of hepatocellular regeneration is one of the events responsible, besides the bioactivation phenomenon, for the CD-potentiated CCl4 hepatotoxicity.
X-ray intensities following the fusions of dμd, dμt and pμd

Abstract Muonic X-ray spectra of μ 3 He and μ 4 He from dμd, pμd, and dμt fusion are analyzed for various target densities. Theoretical values of the intensity ratio μ 3 He(3→1)/ μ 3 He(2→1) for dμd and pμd fusion at liquid hydrogen density are, respectively, 0.132 and 0.0553. These are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The exact velocity autocorrelation function of a model system

The velocity autocorrelation function of a particle in a model system with realistic diffusion is calculated exactly and compared with the corresponding result in the one-dimensional case. The method employed yields the result of Lebowitz and Sykes in one dimension in a very simple manner.
The role of the Federal Government in promoting health through the schools: report from the Department of Agriculture.

Statement of Betty Jo Nelsen, Administrator, Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate, November 14, 1991.
Information Science Unlimited? ... A Position Paper.

Discussions relating to the identification of courses and the development of curricula for the informationscience field cannot yield meaningful results unless the conceptual framework of the field is first delimited and its basic segments defined. Starting with the current ASIS definition of information science, an analysis is made of the rationale of current thinking relevant to the conceptual boundaries and intellectual content of the field. Information science is analyzed to be comprised of the segments of: (1) Conceptualization, (2) Storage/Transmission, and (3) Utilization. Two of the segments are shown to be based on subjective notions, which can be investigated, for the most part, through the employment of statistical and normative survey methodology. One of the segments is shown to be susceptible of the application of more rigorous research methodology capable of yielding empirical proof. Since all three segments form integral parts of the field, they need to be fully represented in the information science curriculum. The technologist as well as the humanist can make significant contributions to the growth and development of the informationscience field.
Neighborhood and individual-level violence and unintended pregnancy.

As many as half of all pregnancies are unintended, and unintended pregnancy has been linked to a variety of adverse pregnancy and infant health outcomes. Our aim was to determine if urban women who experience high levels of neighborhood and/or individual-level violence are at an increased risk of reporting an unintended pregnancy. One thousand five hundred thirty-six pregnant women seeking care in an emergency department in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were recruited in their first or second trimester and completed in-person interviews. Information on demographic characteristics, social support, substance abuse, current experience and history of interpersonal violence, perceptions of current neighborhood-level violence, and the intendedness of their current pregnancy were gathered. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between violence indicators and pregnancy intendedness. Six hundred twenty-seven women (41%) reported an unintended pregnancy. Not feeling safe in one's neighborhood was significantly associated with reporting an unintended pregnancy (odds ratio (OR), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.61) when demographic, other neighborhood, and individual-level violence indicators were accounted for. Furthermore, history of sexual abuse (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.11–2.04), violence in previous pregnancy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI, 1.15–2.51), and a high index of spousal abuse score (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.32–2.04) were also associated with unintended pregnancy in multiple logistic regression models. These findings indicate that neighborhood-level violence and other individual-level violence indicators may be important when examining factors related to unintended pregnancy among young, urban women.
In From the Margins: The Essential Role of Faculty in Transforming a Professional Studies Unit Into an Academic Department

Abstract The article addresses the effective use of full-time and part-time faculty in transforming an institutionalized marginalized professional studies unit into an academic unit with greater academic credibility, as perceived by traditional colleagues and accreditors. Recommendations are supported by a case study narrative from the experiences of the author's own institution, an early adopter of nontraditional academic programs that has made a challenging but largely successful transition from an administration-driven, academically-suspect environment to one in which full-time faculty and part-time practitioners collaborate together to provide a high quality, relevant, and credible learning experience for working adults.
Synthesis and opioid activity of dynorphin A-(1-13)NH2 analogues containing cis- and trans-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid

It has been proposed that the "message" sequence of dynorphin A (Dyn A) exists in an extended conformation in aqueous solution (Schiller, P. W. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 1983, 21, 307-312). Molecular modeling suggested that trans-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (trans-ACCA) might function as a conformationally constrained replacement for Gly2-Gly3 of Dyn A in such an extended conformation. ACCA was synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of p-aminobenzoic acid, and the cis and trans isomers were separated by fractional recrystallization. Analogues of Dyn A-(1-13)-NH2 containing cis- and trans-ACCA were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc chemical protocol. Results from radioligand binding assays indicated that the peptides have modest affinity for kappa opioid receptors (Ki's = 9.1 and 13.4 nM for [cis-ACCA2-3]- and [trans-ACCA2-3]Dyn A-(1-13)NH2, respectively) and modest kappa-receptor selectivity (Ki ratio (kappa/mu/delta) = 1/13/210 and 1/21/103, respectively). [cis-ACCA2-3]- and [trans-ACCA2-3]Dyn A-(1-13)-NH2 are the first reported Dyn A analogues constrained in the "message" sequence that are selective for kappa receptors. The cis-ACCA analogue showed very weak opioid activity (IC50 = 4.0 microM) in the guinea pig ileum.
A perception-based color recommendation algorithm for hierarchical regions

The visualization of hierarchical and nested spatial regions remains a challenge to cartographers. Despite progress in computer algorithms for visualizing general hierarchical data, mapping spatial hierarchical regions, especially with static, noninteractive means, still requires considerable manual efforts. This paper proposes a two-step algorithm that can automatically recommend perception-based colors and help reveal the hierarchical structure embedded in nested regions. It first systematically sorts regions according to their contiguity and containment relations at multiple hierarchical levels. Then, perception-based colors are generated using the order of regions with the goal of maximizing differentiability between top-level regions while retaining the perceived uniformity of the bottom-level regions. With the coloring scheme recommended by this algorithm, the metric color differences among regions mathematically reflect their hierarchical positions and spatial relations. The resultant colors, there...