cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“All Text is Lost”: Ekphrastic Reading

Ekphrastic writing attempts to bring a visual work “to life” through the vividness of the writer’s description. More generally, ekphrasis is an invitation to read one representational medium in terms of another. This chapter focuses on ekphrasis as a reading strategy that magnifies, refracts, and opens up a work to significations unavailable or otherwise invisible. I begin with a brief overview of definitions of ekphrasis and the differential relationships they imply and then turn to activities of reading evident in well-known ekphrastic moments in Moby-Dick (1851) and Daisy Miller (1878). In both examples, the prose’s progress appears momentarily “stilled” by the presence of a painting, the contemplation of which “releases” additional narratives. Ekphrasis can likewise reflect more ideologically constructed differences, as I demonstrate in my analysis of Gary Wolf’s hard-boiled detective novel, Who Censored Roger Rabbit? (1981). The novel’s characters are divided into two dominant groups—humans and ’toons—and the latter communicate via word balloons that the narrator, private detective Eddie Valiant, then describes for readers with such detail as to bring them before their minds’ eye in the manner of ekphrasis. Divisions between verbal and visual, between “us” and “them,” maintain the story’s divisions between humans and ’toons. In this chapter, I posit that, in opening up works to additional informing texts, ekphrasis expands readers’ experiences of a work and expands a given work’s larger network of reference.
The Control Model of Criminal Lifestyle Development

Presents the control model of criminal lifestyle development. The principal goal of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with the antecedents, core construct, central components and processes, and major mediators of the control model, where low self-control serves as the core construct and reactive criminal thinking is the principal mediator. In addition, the nonlinear dynamic systems theory principles of iterations, sensitive dependence on initial conditions, fractals, and self-organization are used to explain relationships between variables in the control model.
Functional Reorganization of Right Prefrontal Cortex Underlies Sustained Naming Improvements in Chronic Aphasia via Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While noninvasive brain stimulation techniques show promise for language recovery after stroke, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We applied inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to regions of interest in the right inferior frontal gyrus of patients with chronic poststroke aphasia and examined changes in picture naming performance and cortical activation. METHODS Nine patients received 10 days of 1-Hz rTMS (Monday through Friday for 2 weeks). We assessed naming performance before and immediately after stimulation on the first and last days of rTMS therapy, and then again at 2 and 6 months post-rTMS. A subset of six of these patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging pre-rTMS (baseline) and at 2 and 6 months post-rTMS. RESULTS Naming accuracy increased from pre- to post-rTMS on both the first and last days of treatment. We also found naming improvements long after rTMS, with the greatest improvements at 6 months post-rTMS. Long-lasting effects were associated with a posterior shift in the recruitment of the right inferior frontal gyrus: from the more anterior Brodmann area 45 to the more posterior Brodmann areas 6, 44, and 46. The number of left hemispheric regions recruited for naming also increased. CONCLUSIONS This study found that rTMS to the right hemisphere Broca area homologue confers long-lasting improvements in picture naming performance. The mechanism involves dynamic bilateral neural network changes in language processing, which take place within the right prefrontal cortex and the left hemisphere more generally. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT00608582).
Financial burdens and mental health needs in families of children with congenital heart disease.

Objective To examine the financial burdens and mental health needs of families of children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods Data from the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) were used to examine parent-reported financial burdens (out-of-pocket expenses, financial problems, employment impact, caregiving hours) and family members' need for mental health services in families of CSHCN with CHD. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare financial burdens and family members' need for mental health services among CSHCN with and without CHD. Among CSHCN with CHD, multivariable logistic regression, stratified by age (0-5 and 6-17 years), was used to assess characteristics associated with the outcomes. Results Overall, families of 89.1% of CSHCN with CHD experienced at least one financial burden and 14.9% needed mental health services due to the child's condition. Compared with CSHCN without CHD, those with CHD had families with a higher prevalence of all financial burdens (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] range: 1.4-1.8) and similar family member need for mental health services (aPR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.0, 1.6]). Across both age groups, insurance type, activity limitations, and comorbidities were significantly associated with financial burdens and/or family members' need for mental health services. Conclusions CSHCN with CHD, compared with those without CHD, lived in families with more financial burdens. Interventions that reduce financial burdens and improve mental health of family members are needed, especially among CSHCN with CHD who are uninsured and have comorbidities or activity limitations.
Bailey, Shapley, and Variable Stars in Globular Clusters

L'A. decrit les investigations de Bailey (S.I.) sur les etoiles variables dans les amas globulaires et ses decouvertes qui ont conduit Shapley (H.) a comparer leurs travaux et en tirer les conclusions
Writing to get published

Writing for publication is an important way to contribute to the knowledge base for professional nurses. This paper reviews the process of writing a professional paper from identification of a topic to the time the paper appears in print. Web-based resources to facilitate the writing process are highlighted.
Pictures, Graphs, and Transformations; a Distorted View of Plane Figures for Middle Grades.

An assistant professor of mathematics education at the University of Colorado in Boulder, Marc Swadener directs undergraduate and graduate programs in mathematics education. He has had experience as a secondary school mathematics teacher and has conducted inservice programs for both elementary and secondary school teachers. He has been a speaker at both state and national meetings of mathematics educators.
Coupling machine-learning techniques with SWAT model for instantaneous peak flow prediction

A correct estimation of the instantaneous peak flow (IPF) is crucial to reducing the consequences of flash floods. An approach to estimate the IPF, obtained by combining Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulation and machine-learning models, was proposed and then verified by comparison with observation-based results in the Ladra river basin, northwest Spain. The SWAT model has been used to estimate the maximum mean daily flow (MMDF), and machine-learning models have been used to estimate the IPF based on MMDF. Four nonlinear time-series intelligence models, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were applied, and their results were compared. The Modified Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (MNSE) and the index of agreement (d) were used to evaluate SWAT performance while simulating MMDF, and the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were employed to evaluate the performance of these intelligent systems. According to the results, the SWAT hydrological model is a useful tool to simulate MMDF. Validation analyses resulted in values of statistical indexes (MNSE = 0.64 and d = 0.95). Regarding intelligent systems, the results show that they can be successfully used in predicting IPF, but ELM has demonstrated a superior ability to estimate IPF from the MMDF (R2 = 0.86 and RMSE = 48.59). The results of this study can contribute to predicting IPF in areas where sub-daily observational data are scarce, thereby reducing uncertainties associated with IPF estimations.
Comparative Study of Ethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolyte Decomposition at Li, Ca, and Al Anode Interfaces

One of the major bottlenecks to the development of alternatives to existing Li ion battery technology, such as Li metal or multivalent ion (Mg, Ca, Zn, or Al) batteries, has to do with the layer of inorganic and organic compounds that forms at the interface between the metallic anode and electrolyte via solvent and salt decomposition (the solid–electrolyte interphase or SEI). In Li metal batteries the growth of dendrites causes continual formation of new SEI, while in multivalent ion batteries the SEI does not allow for the diffusion of the ions. Finding appropriate electrolytes for such systems and gaining an understanding of SEI formation is therefore critical to the development of secondary Li metal and multivalent ion cells. In this work, we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the initial stages of decomposition of organic electrolytes based on ethylene carbonate (EC) and formation of the SEI on Li, Ca, and Al metal surfaces. We first find that pure EC only decomposes to CO and...
A robot barista comments on its clients: social attitudes toward robot data use

This paper explores peoples attitudes about a service robot using customer data in conversation. In particular, how can robots understand privacy expectations in social grey-areas like cafes, which are both open to the public and used for private meetings? To answer this question, we introduce the Theater Method, which allows a participant to experience a “violation” of their privacy rather than have their actual privacy be violated. Using Python to generate 288 scripts that fully explored our research variables, we ran a large-scale online study ( $\mathbf{N}=4608$ ). To validate our results and ask more in-depth questions, we also ran an in-person follow-up ( $\mathbf{N}=20$ ). The experiments explored social & data-inspired variables such as data source, the positive or negative use of that data, and whom the robot verbally addressed, all of which significantly predicted participants' social attitudes towards the robot's politeness, consideration, appropriateness, and respect of privacy. Body language analysis and cafe-related conversation were the lowest risk, but even more extreme data channels are potentially okay when used for positive purposes.
Hyperoxia causes miR199a-5p-mediated injury in the developing lung.

Background Hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) is characterized by increased permeability and infiltration of inflammatory cells, impairment of alveolar development, and compromised lung function. Recent evidence has determined that microRNAs (miRs) are implicated in hyperoxia-induced lung injury, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the expression profile and functional role of miR199a-5p in developing lungs have not been reported. Methods The present study was undertaken to explore the role of miR199a-5p in developing mice lungs and human neonates. We exposed neonatal mice for 7 days, mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE12), mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs), and macrophages (RAW246.7), to hyperoxia at different time points. Results Our results demonstrated enhanced miR199a-5p expression in hyperoxia-exposed mice lungs and cells, as well as in tracheal aspirates of infants developing BPD, with significant reduction in the expression of its target, caveolin-1. Next, we observed that miR199a-5p-mimic worsens HALI as evidenced by increased inflammatory cells, cytokines, and lung vascular markers. Conversely, miR199a-5p-inhibitor treatment attenuated HALI. Conclusion Thus, our findings suggest that miR199a-5p is a potential target for attenuating HALI pathophysiology in the developing lung. Moreover, miR199a-5p-inhibitor could be part of a novel therapeutic strategy for improving BPD in preterm neonates.
Monitoring Ischemic Changes in Retinal Vasculitis With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Purpose:This article illustrates the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to aid in the diagnostic workup and management of occlusive retinal vasculitis over time.Methods:A ca...
Redefining the "Honor Roll:" do hospital rankings predict surgical outcomes or receipt of quality surgical care?

Abstract Background Hospital ranking systems are often used by individuals to inform choice around which healthcare system may be best equipped to manage their care. Methods The 2013–2015 100% Medicare Inpatient and Outpatient SAFs was utilized to identify patients who underwent surgery (AAA repair, CABG, THA, TKA and lung resection) at one of the top-20 hospitals ranked by USNWR. Results On multivariable linear regression analysis, after controlling for clinical and hospital level factors, rank position among the top 20 USNWR hospitals was not associated with the proportion of patients who experienced a complication (β = 0.167), failure-to-rescue (β = 0.277), 90-day readmission (β = 0.186) and 90-day mortality (β = 0.033)(all p > 0.05). Similar trends were observed among each surgical procedure type, as well as even among all top 50 USNWR ranked hospitals (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Rank position among hospitals within the USNWR "honor roll" was not associated with differences in patient outcomes following surgical intervention. Patients and hospitals need to exercise caution when placing weight on rank-position among hospitals as a means to discriminate clinical outcomes and quality of actual patient care.
A Perspective: the Technical Barriers of Zn Metal Batteries

Energy storage will witness a leap of understanding of new battery chemistries. Considering the safety that cannot be compromised, new aqueous batteries may surface as the solutions to meet the immense market needs, where the growth of renewables is no longer limited by the lack of storage. Aqueous Zn-metal batteries are intriguing candidates to deliver the desirable properties and exhibit competitive levelized energy cost. However, the fact that most commercial Zn batteries are primary batteries states the difficulty of reversibility for the reactions of electrodes in such batteries. This article will highlight the practical needs that guide the development of storage batteries. The causes of irreversibility for both cathode and zinc metal anode are discussed, and the potential solutions for these challenges are summarized. Zn metal batteries may one day address the storage needs, and there exists a vast potential to further improve the properties of reactions in this battery.
Cardiovascular Safety and Efficacy of Testosterone Therapy in Elderly Men With Hypogonadism

Serum testosterone level steadily decreases with ageing [1]. Low testosterone levels in older adults have been associated with increased adverse cardiovascular (CV) events [2-5].
Chapter 57 – Homeland Security

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, permanently changed the way the United States and the world’s other most developed countries perceived the threat from terrorism. Massive amounts of resources were mobilized in a very short time to counter the perceived and actual threats from terrorists and terrorist organizations. In the United States, this refocus was pushed as a necessity for what was called homeland security. The homeland security threats were anticipated for the IT infrastructure as well. It was expected that not only the IT at the federal level was vulnerable to disruptions due to terrorism-related attacks but, due to the ubiquity of the availability of IT, any organization was vulnerable. Soon after the terrorist attacks, the U.S. Congress passed various new laws and enhanced some existing ones that introduced sweeping changes to homeland security provisions and to the existing security organizations. The executive branch of the government also issued a series of Homeland Security Presidential Directives to maintain domestic security. These laws and directives are comprehensive and contain detailed provisions to make the U.S. secure from its vulnerabilities. Later in the chapter, we describe some principle provisions of these homeland security-related laws and presidential directives. Next, we discuss the organizational changes that were initiated to support homeland security in the United States. Then we highlight the 9-11 Commission that Congress charted to provide a full account of the circumstances surrounding the attacks and to develop recommendations for corrective measures that could be taken to prevent future acts of terrorism. We also detail the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and the Implementing the 9-11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007. Finally, we summarize the chapter’s discussion.
COMPARISON OF PAEDIATRIC HIV COSTS IN PRE-PROPHYLAXIS AND PROPHYLAXIS ERAS

Introduction An estimated 7000 infants are born to HIV+ mothers yearly. A 1994 study showed chemoprophylaxis with zidovudine reduced perinatal HIV transmission rate from 25.5% to 8.3%, representing a large potential cost savings. Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the total cost of care for infants born into the pre-prophylaxis era (pre-1994) versus the current prophylaxis era (post-1994). Methods A convenience sample of total costs of 47 paediatric patients born to HIV-infected mothers and treated at a specialty clinic from 1986 to 2007. The three main cost components in 1999 dollars include hospitalisations, outpatient visits and drugs. Results The 9-year cost per HIV+ patient born in the pre-prophylaxis era was US$154 700 and US$106 149 for those born HIV+ in the prophylaxis era who did not receive prophylaxis (p>0.47). HIV– patient costs were approximately the same regardless of prophylaxis received (US$3625 vs US$2614). In the pre-prophylaxis era, drugs represented 50% and hospitalisations 41% of total costs of HIV+ children. In contrast, drugs accounted for 68% and hospitalisation only 20% of total costs for the prophylaxis era HIV+ child. Total annual care cost for children born into the pre-prophylaxis era was US$8.1M versus US$5.6M for those born into the current prophylaxis era, resulting in a US$2.5M annual cost savings. Conclusion This is the first longitudinal look at HIV paediatric costs from the disease’s emergence, and provides an example of a success in the development of preventive medicine protocols. The prophylaxis era’s success in decreasing transmission rates is also reflected in the cost-savings shown here.
Compiling for the Hybrid Architecture

This chapter considers the task of transforming dataflow program graphs into partitioned graphs, and thence into PML. Section 4.1 extends the work of Section 1.1 by completing the description of DFPG’s. Section 4.2 discusses the issues involved in generating partitioned code from DFPG’s. Section 4.3 presents the design of a suitable code generator.
Traumatic brain injury substantially reduces the conditioned reinforcing effects of environmental cues in rats

Traumatic brain injury affects millions of people each year and is an established risk factor for addiction. Recent animal studies have causally demonstrated that injuries can increase drug self-administration across a variety of substances. One potential behavioral mediator for this finding is an increased responsivity to drug-associated cues. This endophenotype can be identified by profiling non-drug-related behaviors. The current study evaluated several paradigms (conditioned approach, conditioned reinforcement, extinction from variable interval responding, conditioned facilitation) to determine how rats with a frontal TBI differed in their response to Pavlovian conditioning in response to food-paired cues. Surprisingly, rats with a TBI demonstrated increased goal-tracking in a conditioned approach paradigm and exerted less effort for a conditioned reinforcer. Moreover, they had slightly facilitated extinction (as demonstrated by significantly larger interresponse times) in the face of reinforcer-associated cues. Despite these effects, TBI rats still demonstrated conditioned facilitation to an auditory stimulus. Together, these effects suggest a phenotype in the opposite direction of what might be anticipated. Cues still served a strong discriminative function and altered behavior; however, they did not function as strong conditioned reinforcers for TBI animals. One potential reason for this is that substantial changes to the dopamine system after TBI may reduce the conditioned reinforcing effects of cues, but sensitize the brain to potent drugs of abuse. More research will be needed to determine whether this is the case.
Antioxidative Effect of Selenium in Cadmium-Exposed Tardigrade (H. exemplaris)

On a daily basis, aquatic ecosystem is exposed to heavy metals, drugs, and chemicals; the continuous exposure results in a toxic effect, depending on the dose and duration of exposure. Studies have confirmed tardigrade to be highly tolerant to very high temperature, pressure, gravity, etc. This study aimed at confirming various toxic damages caused by exposure to cadmium solution and the antioxidative effect of selenium in the amelioration of the effects. To model the environmental route of exposure, toxicants were added to tardigrade (H. exemplaris) culture done in deionized water to remove non-bioavailability of cadmium caused by culturing tardigrades in agar medium. As was observed in pure tardigrades, with no exposure to cadmium, there was no alteration in the metabolism of tardigrades. However, when solutions of cadmium were added to the tardigrade culture (at concentrations of 0.5 ppb, 1.0 ppb), increased sensitivity to oxidative stress as well as significantly reduced metabolism was observed. More specifically, after 6 h of exposure, the metabolism dropped relative to the control organism. The produced reactive oxygen species was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. Finally, treating the exposed tardigrades with deionized water did not ameliorate the toxic effects of the cadmium to the tardigrades; instead, the effects were reduced, and this is due to water only diluting the toxicants. However, with 0.5 ppm of selenium, using sodium selenite counteracted the cadmium-induced reactive oxygen species produced over a 6-h period from the point of exposure through the exposure period. The antioxidative enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholine (Ach)) produced were quantified using various assay methods. In conclusion, from an environmental perspective, selenium is a relevant antioxidant using the appropriate dosage.
CwlQ is required for swarming motility but not flagellar assembly in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Hydrolytic enzymes play an essential role in the remodeling of bacterial peptidoglycan (PG), an extracellular mesh-like structure that retains the membrane in the context of high internal osmotic pressure. Peptidoglycan (PG) integrity must be unfailingly stable to preserve cell integrity but must also be dynamically remodeled for the cell grow, divide and insert macromolecular machines. The flagellum is one such macromolecular machine that transits the PG and the insertion of which is aided by localized activity of a dedicated PG hydrolase in Gram-negative bacteria. To date, there is no known dedicated hydrolase in Gram-positive bacteria for insertion of flagella and here we take a reverse-genetic candidate-gene approach to find that cells mutated for the lytic transglycosylase CwlQ exhibited a severe defect in flagellar dependent swarming motility. We show that CwlQ required its active site to promote swarming, was expressed by the motility sigma factor SigD, and was secreted by the type III secretion system housed inside the flagellum. Nonetheless, cells mutated for CwlQ remained proficient for flagellar biosynthesis even when mutated in combination with four other hydrolases related to motility (LytC, LytD, LytF, and CwlO). The PG hydrolase essential for flagellar synthesis in B. subtilis, if any, remains unknown.
Planar p-string condensation: Chiral fracton phases from fractional quantum Hall layers and beyond

We present a coupled-wire construction of a model with chiral fracton topological order. The model combines the known construction of $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/m$ Laughlin fractional quantum Hall states with a planar p-string condensation mechanism. The bulk of the model supports gapped immobile fracton excitations that generate a hierarchy of mobile composite excitations. Open boundaries of the model are chiral and gapless, and can be used to demonstrate a fractional quantized Hall conductance where fracton composites act as charge carriers in the bulk. The planar p-string mechanism used to construct and analyze the model generalizes to a wide class of models including those based on layers supporting non-Abelian topological order. We describe this generalization and additionally provide concrete lattice-model realizations of the mechanism.
Corporate Personhood and Limited Sovereignty

This Essay, written for a symposium celebrating the work of Professor Margaret Blair, examines how corporate rights jurisprudence helped to shape the corporate form in the United States during the nineteenth century. It argues that as the corporate form became popular because of the way it facilitated capital lock-in, perpetual succession, and provided other favorable characteristics related to legal personality that separated the corporation from its participants, the Supreme Court provided crucial reinforcement of these entity features by recognizing corporations as right-bearing legal persons separate from the government. Although the legal personality of corporations is a distinct concept from their constitutional treatment, the Court’s nineteenth-century rulings bolstered key features created by corporate law and simultaneously situated the corporation as subordinate to the state in a system of federalism. And, finally, the Essay suggests that the balance of power struck in the first century of Supreme Court jurisprudence on corporate rights has been eroded in the modern era. The Supreme Court’s failure to develop a consistent approach to corporate rights questions and its tendency to reason based on views of corporations as associations of persons have exposed a significant flaw in the Court’s evolving corporate personhood jurisprudence: it lacks a limiting principle.
PHOTOGRAPHISM IN ALTHUSSER’S THEORY OF IDEOLOGY

The aim of this essay is to establish some provisionary points of articulation for a “non-philosophical” critique of Althusser’s theory of ideology. It builds on Ernesto Laclau’s argument that Alth...
Capillary fragility and the use of rutin in toxemias of pregnancy

Abstract The capillary fragility, using both the positive and negative pressure tests, has been studied in 164 cases of toxemia of pregnancy. Thirty-three per cent of the patients who we thought had essentail hypertension in pregnancy had an increased capillary fragility. The duration or the severity of the hypertension seemed to be of no significance. Pregnancy seemed to accentuate capillary fragility, possibly because of the relative or absolute anemia. Capillary fragility was not increased in patients who were thought to have preeclampsia, if the anemia was excluded. Abruptio placentae does not seem to be associated with an abnormal capillary fragility. Rutin was used in 13 patients, in 12 of whom it was found efficacious in reducing the increased capillary fragility.
Assessing and Increasing Graduate Students' Use of Reflective Practices: An Empirical Study

The Ignatian Pedagogy Paradigm (IPP) has primarily been conceptualized and applied with regards to high school and undergraduate education. However graduate students constitute one-third of the total enrollment at Jesuit universities in the United States. This article describes an initiative to infuse one aspect of the IPP – namely, reflection – into the curricula of three graduate programs, and the development of a brief self-report measure of reflective practices. Self-report data collected from 130 graduate students in three human services programs (pastoral counseling, psychology, and speech/language pathology) indicated that their understanding and use of reflection as a pedagogical tool increased significantly during their first year in their respective programs. This article discusses future plans to continue infusing the IPP into graduate curricula.
Collaborative urban information systems: a web services approach

This thesis examines systemic problems with the way information is managed and processed in planning support systems. We find evidence of these problems when we attempt to: develop an analysis without spending most of the time gathering and organizing data sets; or build an analysis that can be re-run at low cost; or implement systems that interact collaboratively with those of other experts. This research starts with the hypothesis that these problems are related and systemic, and that a new paradigm of information management is needed if we can hope to address them effectively. The research is divided into two main sections. First, we develop a theory about how information flows within and across planning organizations, and use the MassGIS buildout analysis to understand how physical planning is done in a cross-jurisdictional, real-world setting. We find that modern organizations do are good at creating and disseminating information, but find it difficult to keep users' copies of published information up-to-date. Furthermore, the technology for building interactive front-ends to analytic models is poorly matched to user needs, and the technology for enabling cross-organization collaborative analysis is non-existent. In the second part of the thesis, we re-architect the information framework, guided by our new theoretical foundation and findings from practice. This new framework is based on Web services, an emerging technology for connecting information systems across organizations. It is called the Planning Analysis and Modeling Markup Language framework, or PAMML, consisting of an information processing vocabulary expressed in XML Schema, Web services based on the schema, and guidance on how to best use the framework to encourage the interconnection of planning and mainstream information technology. We find that the PAMML framework can lower costs by leveraging mainstream technology, simplify the most basic data sharing activities, yet still allow organizations with different levels of technical sophistication to collaborate. PAMML captures the semantics of spatial planning problems, allowing them to be decomposed into fundamental information processing operations. Regarding user interfaces, we show that PAMML's structure allows multiple end user applications aimed towards different audiences to be easily built from the same core PAMML document. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
The Influence of Traces of Sb and Zr on Creep and Creep Fracture of Ni-20% Cr

ABSTRACT The creep and creep fracture behavior of a Ni–20% Cr, a Ni–20%–0.15% Sb and a Ni–20% Cr–0.11% Zr alloy are compared. Whereas Sb does not change the behavior of Ni–20% Cr, the addition of Zr leads to a pronounced reduction in the creep rate and a strong increase in the creep ductility. Analytical Electron Microscopy and Auger Analysis suggest that the segregation of S to the grain boundaries is reduced in the Zr-doped alloys. Diffusional creep data show that Zr slows down the grain boundary diffusivity in Ni–Cr. These experimental findings explain qualitatively why Ni–Cr–Zr fractures in a ductile manner and does not cavitate intergranularly.
Mixed Methods in Developmental Science

Mixed methods are increasingly recognized as advantageous and particularly informative for developmental science research. Initially and typically referring to the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods within or across studies, the approach can be considered more general than that, referring to the juxtaposition of different analytic methods to increase how informative a study or set of studies can be. This approach recognizes that different methods, within and across quantitative and qualitative types, each have different assumptions and capabilities. Multiple methods help to overcome limitations that occur with any single analytic method and bolster clarity and robustness of understanding. This chapter outlines the theoretical, design, and practical issues in use of mixed methods in developmental science. The key constructs, epistemological framework, theoretical considerations, approaches to different qualitative and quantitative methods and different arrangements in mixing methods are described. Limitations, critical and emerging issues, and exemplars of mixed methods applications are provided. Keywords: analytic frameworks; evaluation frameworks; methodology and theoretical assumptions; mix methods; qualitative methods; triangulation
mGrid: a load-balanced distributed computing environment for the remote execution of the user-defined Matlab code.

Matlab, a powerful and productive language that allows for rapid prototyping, modeling and simulation, is widely used in computational biology. Modeling and simulation of large biological systems often require more computational resources then are available on a single computer. Existing distributed computing environments like the Distributed Computing Toolbox, MatlabMPI, Matlab*G and others allow for the remote (and possibly parallel) execution of Matlab commands with varying support for features like an easy-to-use application programming interface, load-balanced utilization of resources, extensibility over the wide area network, and minimal system administration skill requirements. However, all of these environments require some level of access to participating machines to manually distribute the user-defined libraries that the remote call may invoke. mGrid augments the usual process distribution seen in other similar distributed systems by adding facilities for user code distribution. mGrid's client-side interface is an easy-to-use native Matlab toolbox that transparently executes user-defined code on remote machines (i.e. the user is unaware that the code is executing somewhere else). Run-time variables are automatically packed and distributed with the user-defined code and automated load-balancing of remote resources enables smooth concurrent execution. mGrid is an open source environment. Apart from the programming language itself, all other components are also open source, freely available tools: light-weight PHP scripts and the Apache web server. Transparent, load-balanced distribution of user-defined Matlab toolboxes and rapid prototyping of many simple parallel applications can now be done with a single easy-to-use Matlab command. Because mGrid utilizes only Matlab, light-weight PHP scripts and the Apache web server, installation and configuration are very simple. Moreover, the web-based infrastructure of mGrid allows for it to be easily extensible over the Internet.
Genome rearrangement in top3 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a functional RAD1 excision repair gene.

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that are mutated at TOP3, a gene that encodes a protein homologous to bacterial type I topoisomerases, have a variety of defects, including reduced growth rate, altered gene expression, blocked sporulation, and elevated rates of mitotic recombination at several loci. The rate of ectopic recombination between two unlinked, homologous loci, SAM1 and SAM2, is sixfold higher in cells containing a top3 null mutation than in wild-type cells. Mutations in either of the two other known topoisomerase genes in S. cerevisiae, TOP1 and TOP2, do not affect the rate of recombination between the SAM genes. The top3 mutation also changes the distribution of recombination events between the SAM genes, leading to the appearance of novel deletion-insertion events in which conversion tracts extend beyond the coding sequence, replacing the DNA flanking the 3' end of one SAM gene with nonhomologous DNA flanking the 3' end of the other. The effects of the top3 null mutation on recombination are dependent on the presence of an intact RAD1 excision repair gene, because both the rate of SAM ectopic gene conversion and the conversion tract length were reduced in rad1 top3 mutant cells compared with top3 mutants. These results suggest that a RAD1-dependent function is involved in the processing of damaged DNA that results from the loss of Top3 activity, targeting such DNA for repair by recombination.
In vivo demonstration of the circadian rhythm of cholesterol biosynthesis inthe liver and intestine of the rat

The existence of a circadian rhythm in the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis in the rat has been demonstrated in vivo by measuring the conversion of both [1-(14)C]acetate and (3)H(2)O to cholesterol. By both methods there was observed a similar increase in the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis between the nadir at noon and the peak at midnight. Circadian changes in the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis measured in vivo with [1-(14)C]acetate were very similar to changes in the activity of hepatic microsomal HMG CoA reductase. Cholesterol synthesis in the jejunum and in the distal ileum was also shown to exhibit the same circadian rhythm in vivo but with smaller amplitude (1.6- and 1.3-fold, respectively). Rats trained to eat during a 4-hr period (9 am-1 pm) while housed under normal illumination showed changes in the timing of the circadian rhythm of cholesterol synthesis; in the liver the maximum rate of cholesterol synthesis occurred at 6 pm, 9 hr after the presentation of food, while the two sections of the intestine investigated exhibited a maximum synthetic response between noon and 6 pm. Results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that the major portion of the rise in HMG CoA reductase activity and the increase in overall rate of cholesterol synthesis in liver and intestine during the circadian rhythm are due to the ingestion of food. Under the limited feeding schedule (food access 9 am-1 pm), the rates of hepatic and intestinal synthesis of fatty acids from the injected acetate also showed a circadian rhythm with a peak at about 3 hr after presentation of food.
Guantánamo Bay: The Global Effects of Wrongful Detention, Torture & Unchecked Executive Power

For academics, Guantanamo is an intellectual feast. Thanks to the administration's decision to detain suspected terrorists in the supposedly lawless void of an offshore prison camp, we have been busy for years debating fundamental issues concerning the extraterritorial reach of the Constitution, [FN1] the office of “the Great Writ,” [FN2] the powers of the executive during wartime, [FN3] and even the definition of “war” itself. [FN4] For those of us who still believe our nation can serve as a beacon of human rights for the world, these scholarly questions are a live and pressing concern, not least because they are susceptible to no easy answers. In forums like this one, we accordingly exercise our solemn duty to wrestle with big ideas, so that we may police our judges and elected officials to assure they maintain their intellectual honesty.But Guantanamo Bay is more than just a marker for a tangle of competing legal theories. Today, Guantanamo remains home to nearly 400 prisoners, none of whom have been convicted of anything and only ten of whom have even been charged with a crime. [FN5] *394 Most of these men, including more than a dozen of my Yemeni clients, have been held at Guantanamo for more than five years--sleeping on steel beds, cut off entirely from their families, deprived of intellectual stimulation, slowing growing insane. They have been abused, religiously humiliated, and denied absolutely their day in court. Their condition is, in a word, pitiful.As a practitioner and an academic, I live uneasily with a dual consciousness about Guantanamo. At times I will be absorbed in debates about the scope of the common-law writ of habeas corpus or about what Justice Kennedy's concurrence in United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez [FN6] might mean for the development of Supreme Court doctrine for overseas detention cases. But then I receive a letter from one of my clients or pay a visit to Guantanamo, and I find myself confronted again, in an unmediated way, with the despair and hopelessness to which many of my clients have succumbed.
Customer Complaining Behaviors after Restaurant Service Failure: Redress Seeking Complaint, Friendly Complaint, Loyalty and Neglect

AbstractThis exploratory research investigates dissatisfied customers’ complaining behaviors after a service failure in the restaurant context. Based on the customers’ actual behaviors, complaints are categorized into two types, redress seeking complaint and friendly complaint, and no-complaints are also categorized via two types, loyalty and neglect. These four immediate complaining behaviors are distinguished by related antecedents, attitude toward complaining, criticality of service failure, and emotional bonding. Subsequent complaining behaviors (third-party actions, negative word-of-mouth, switch) following the immediate complaining behavior are also explored. This study provides a better understanding of complainers and non-complainers, and their subsequent complaining behaviors, thus furthering our knowledge of customer reactions to service failures.
The Houston Society of Clinical Pathologists 55th Annual Spring Symposium, April 2014

The Houston Society of Clinical Pathologists educational activity culminates in the Spring Symposium, held every year in April in Houston, Texas. The guest faculty is sponsored by the institutions that form the famed Texas Medical Center and the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. The articles selected for this special section are based on presentations at the symposium and at sponsoring institutions and will appear in 2 parts: part I is in this issue of the ARCHIVES, and part II will be in the July issue. The special section comprises 8 articles written by distinguished, nationally and internationally recognized experts in gastrointestinal (GI) and liver pathology from the United States and Canada. In this issue, part I of the special section will include 4 articles: ‘‘Esophagitis: Old Histologic Concepts and New Thoughts,’’ ‘‘Molecular and Histologic Considerations in the Assessment of Serrated Polyps,’’ ‘‘IgG4-Related Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A 21st Century Chameleon,’’ and ‘‘Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Luminal Gastrointestinal Tract.’’ In the next issue of the ARCHIVES, part II will also include 4 articles: ‘‘Difficult Diagnostic Problems in Pancreatobiliary Neoplasia,’’ ‘‘Pathophysiology and Diseases of the Terminal Pathways of the Biliary System,’’ ‘‘Hepatic Granulomas: A Review With Emphasis on Infectious Causes,’’ and ‘‘DrugInduced Liver Injury.’’ Each of these topics poses certain challenges to the practicing surgical pathologist. Authors are allowed to express their personal opinions and preferences in these articles. Although some readers may disagree with some of the opinions presented in these reviews, I believe most readers (including myself) will benefit from the personal experiences of these highly regarded and respected authors. I hope you enjoy reading this section and find the information presented useful in your daily practice.
Comparison of flaps versus grafts in proximal hypospadias surgery.

Purpose: We analyzed the complication rate in patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair using preputial skin as a flap or free graft. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 142 patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair. Repairs were subdivided into tubed and onlay repairs within the flap and free graft groups. We analyzed postoperative complications, including fistulas, proximal strictures, diverticula and meatal stenosis. Results: Median patient age at followup was 11.3 months and median followup was 9.4 months. Two-thirds of the repairs were performed with free grafts. A proximal stricture developed in 8 and 0 patients who underwent free tubed graft and free onlay repair, respectively (p = 0.047). Otherwise there was no significant difference in the complication rate of the various types of repair. Of the 43 patients who had stricture, fistula or meatal stenosis 29 (67%) presented more than 1 year after surgery. Conclusions: In repairs performed with free grafts there is a significantly higher proximal stricture rate when a tube rather than an onlay is used. Otherwise we noted no significant difference in the complication rates of flaps and grafts used to repair proximal hypospadias. A significant number of complications presented more than 1 year postoperatively and they may even present as late as 4 years. This finding suggests that longer followup may be necessary to assess completely the outcome of proximal hypospadias surgery.
Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots. Diagnosis with metrizamide myelography

The most common anomaly of the lumbosacral nerve roots consists of a composite root sleeve containing the roots for two spinal nerves. Before the advent of water-soluble myelography, this anomaly was rarely diagnosed except at operation. Metrizamide myelography readily demonstrates the anomaly because of improved filling of the root sleeves and greater definition of the nerve roots within the subarachnoid space. However, an underlying disk herniation may not be evident on the myelogram because of the unique anatomic configuration.
HST/WFC3 UVIS detectors: radiation damage effects and mitigation

Devices in low Earth orbit are particularly susceptible to the cumulative effects of radiation damage and the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3) UVIS detectors, installed on HST in May 2009, are no exception. Such damage not only generates new hot pixels but also generates charge traps which degrade the charge transfer efficiency (CTE), causing a loss in source flux as well as a systematic shift in the object centroid as the trapped charge is slowly released during readout. Based on an analysis of internal and external monitoring data, we provide an overview of the consequences of the ~3 years of radiation damage to the WFC3 CCD cameras. The advantages and disadvantages of available mitigation options are discussed, including use of the WFC3 post-flash and charge injection modes now available to observers, and the status of an empirical pixel-based correction similar to the one adopted for the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS).
High peak capacity separations of peptides in reversed-phase gradient elution liquid chromatography on columns packed with porous shell particles.

The performance of 5 and 15 cm long columns packed with shell particles (Halo, AMT) is compared in gradient elution separations of the tryptic digests of myoglobin and bovine serum albumin. The influences of the temperature and the mobile phase flow rate on the column efficiency for two peptides are discussed. The influences of this flow rate, of the temperature, and of the gradient slopes on the peak capacities are also considered. Peak capacities in excess of 400 were achieved in 6 h with the longer column. Peak capacities of 200 could be achieved in 30 min with the shorter column.