cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Seismology, Second Edition

As recently as 1980, anyone seeking a rigorous treatment of the fundamentals of elastodynamics relevant to the rapidly maturing field of seismology had to delve into a host of primary sources, some of which were rather obscure or difficult to obtain. Classical texts in this field tended to focus on limited topics and to treat some areas either superficially or in excessive depth. Graduate education in the field of seismology tended to reflect local faculty expertise and interests, often with compendia of handwritten notes, inconsistent notation, and variable generality. That situation was dramatically changed with the appearance of the first edition of Quantitative Seismology, a two-volume set that distilled the key foundations of elastodynamics for linear elastic materials into an accessible and satisfyingly thorough presentation of seismological theory
Spatial updating relies on an egocentric representation of space: effects of the number of objects.

Models of spatial updating attempt to explain how representations of spatial relationships between the actor and objects in the environment change as the actor moves. In allocentric models, object locations are encoded in an external reference frame, and only the actor’s position and orientation in that reference frame need to be updated. Thus, spatial updating should be independent of the number of objects in the environment (set size). In egocentric updating models, object locations are encoded relative to the actor, so the location of each object relative to the actor must be updated as the actor moves. Thus, spatial updating efficiency should depend on set size. We examined which model better accounts for human spatial updating by having people reconstruct the locations of varying numbers of virtual objects either from the original study position or from a changed viewing position. In consistency with the egocentric updating model, object localization following a viewpoint change was affected by the number of objects in the environment.
A Peptide Hormone and Its Receptor Protein Kinase Regulate Plant Cell Expansion

Plant cells are immobile; thus, plant growth and development depend on cell expansion rather than cell migration. The molecular mechanism by which the plasma membrane initiates changes in the cell expansion rate remains elusive. We found that a secreted peptide, RALF (rapid alkalinization factor), suppresses cell elongation of the primary root by activating the cell surface receptor FERONIA in Arabidopsis thaliana. A direct peptide-receptor interaction is supported by specific binding of RALF to FERONIA and reduced binding and insensitivity to RALF-induced growth inhibition in feronia mutants. Phosphoproteome measurements demonstrate that the RALF-FERONIA interaction causes phosphorylation of plasma membrane H+–adenosine triphosphatase 2 at Ser899, mediating the inhibition of proton transport. The results reveal a molecular mechanism for RALF-induced extracellular alkalinization and a signaling pathway that regulates cell expansion.
The public good that does the public good: A new reading of Mohism

Abstract Mohism has long been misrepresented. Mo‐tzu is usually called a utilitarian because he preached a universal love that must benefit. Yet Mencius, who pined the Confucian way of virtue (humaneness and righteousness) against Mo‐tzu's way of benefit, basically borrowed Mo‐tzu's thesis: that the root cause of chaos is this lack of love—except Mencius renamed it the desire for personal benefit. Yet Mo‐tzu only championed ‘benefit’ to head off its opposite, ‘harm’, specifically the harm done by Confucians who with good intent (love) perpetuated rites that did people more harm than good. Mo‐tzu wanted his universal love to be the public good that would actually do the public good (i.e. benefit the collective). And he derived this from Confucius’ teaching of ‘Love (all) men’ and his Golden Rule: Render not what others would not desire. No man desires harm. As a critic of Confucian rites (especially the prolonged funeral), Mo‐tzu worked to replace the blind custom of rites with his rational measure of ‘rig...
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 is upregulated in human atrial fibrillation

torso model was used to compute surface ECGs and electrograms over the entire atria. Dominant frequencies (DF) were extracted from each of the signals. Results: During simulated AF with multiple wavelets (no focal activity) and cycle lengths in the range 140-240 ms (median 153 ms), the DFs of the atrial electrograms mainly clustered around 4.3 and 6.7 Hz, corresponding to regions having longer or shorter APDs, respectively. The computed ECGs showed many of the features of clinical ECGs (see Fig.). The DFs of leads V1 and V2 were 5.3 and 6.7 Hz respectively. Leads V3-V6, however, were characterized by two DFs at 4.0 and 6.7 Hz, the former peak being more pronounced in V6 than in V3. These values lay within the clinical range of 5.6 1.1 Hz (min 3.1, max 8.1 Hz) measured in 31 patients with AF (lead V1 after QRST cancellation). Conclusion: The results suggest that standard EGCs carry information about the DFs of AF. Computer models may help select the most valuable features of ECG signals and lead positions to facilitate the evaluation of the underlying AF dynamics.
Bacteriocin plasmids of Pediococcus acidilactici

Pediococcus acidilactici strains E, F and H isolated from fermented sausages produced bacteriocins which were protein in nature and inhibitory to a variety of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms often encountered in foods. These strains harbored two to three plasmids ranging in size from 7.4 to 40.2 megadaltons. Curing experiments and plasmid profile analysis indicated the involvement of plasmid DNA with bacteriocin activity in all three strains. Carbohydrate fermentation and antibiotic resistance phenotypes did not appear to be associated with bacteriocin plasmids. Both bacteriocin activity and resistance determinants were linked in strain H and mediated by a 7.4-megadalton plasmid, whereas in strains E and F these two traits were not linked.
CsV03-3 is a member of a novel gene family from citrus that encodes a protein with DNA binding activity and whose expression is responsive to defense signals and abiotic stress

We have identified a novel gene designated CsV03-3 from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck that encodes a 50 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 5.4kDa and a pI of 3.7. CsV03-3 expression is up-regulated by application of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid as well as by abiotic stress and insect herbivory. CsV03-3 belongs to a small gene family consisting of at least three other closely related members (CsV03-1, CsV03-2, and CsV03-4) whose expression is also responsive to phytohormone application and abiotic stress. Sequence similarity searches of the public databases were unsuccessful in finding sequence homologs to CsV03-3 or any CsV03 family member; however, structural prediction models coupled with model comparison to Protein Data Bank folds indicated that the predicted polypeptide encoded by CsV03-3 has structural similarity to proteins with nucleic acid binding activity. Gel mobility shift assays performed on recombinant CsV03-3 protein demonstrated active binding with dsDNA and, to a lesser extent, ssDNA. Based on the phytohormone-inducible expression patterns, the ability to bind nucleic acids, and the lack of significant sequence homology to public databases, we propose that CsV03-3 and its related homologs defines a new class of nucleic acid binding proteins that are responsive to defense and stress signaling in woody perennials.
Assessing the Impact of a Change from a Teaching Paradigm to a Learning Paradigm in the Introductory Course in Marketing Management

This study is designed to investigate student response to a traditionally structured course compared to a course designed based on what research suggests contributes to increased student learning. In particular, a Principles of Marketing course was structured in two different ways: traditional and learning based. The two different course structures were assessed over time and were contrasted regarding both student perception and learning outcomes. Effects on pedagogy are discussed.
Does perioperative systemic infection or fever increase surgical infection risks after internal fixation of femur and tibia fractures in an intensive care polytrauma unit

Background We hypothesized that internal fixation procedures performed on trauma intensive care unit (ICU) patients with systemic infections, some also febrile, would be at increased risk for deep infection. Methods A total of 128 patients (mean age, 37.4 years; mean Injury Severity Score [ISS], 34.7) admitted to the ICU with 179 femur or tibia fractures developed systemic infections. Systemic infections included sepsis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, and wound infections remote to the fracture. Of the fractures, 33 open and 146 closed underwent 150 intramedullary and 29 plate fixation procedures. Data were gathered regarding antibiotic use, systemic infection timing in relation to the date of fixation, and whether fever (>38.2°C) was present within 24 hours of fixation. Patients were followed up for a mean of 491 days. Results Twenty-eight procedures were performed a mean of 4.7 days after the diagnosis of a systemic infection, and 151 were performed a mean of 9.3 days before the diagnosis. Forty-five procedures were performed in patients who were febrile within 24 hours. Of the 179 procedures, 10 (5.6%) developed a deep infection. Four patients' implant infection was potentially hematogenously seeded with the same organism as their systemic infection. Neither the timing of the systemic infection in relation to the fixation procedure nor the presence of fever within 24 hours of fixation, days of preoperative antibiotics, location of the fracture, type of fixation (intramedullary nail vs. plate fixation), or type of systemic infection was significantly associated with the development of an infection. The only significant risk factor for developing an orthopedic infection was an open fracture (p Conclusion Internal fixation performed in ICU patients with fever or in close conjunction to the diagnosis of systemic infection led to a 5.6% infection rate, which compares favorably with historic infection rates for fixation of open or closed tibia and femur fractures. Level of evidence Therapeutic, level IV.
Ethical aspects of resuscitation

Emergency medicine is a specially often confronted with ultimate crises; patients frequently present near death or in cardiac arrest. At the time of cardiopulmonary arrest, the emergency physician mobilizes all available resources to attempt to resuscitate the patient. This struggle is itself challenging. In addition, medical crises may raise difficult moral questions. A conflict is present when the resuscitation team questions whether the attempted resuscitations is warranted
Recent specialty fiber research at Corning towards high-power and high-brightness fiber lasers

This paper reviews and presents the recent specialty fiber research and development conducted at Corning Incorporated towards high-power and high-brightness fiber lasers. These include the fabrication of all glass-composition, high-NA, Yb-doped double-clad laser fibers, and also of double-clad single-polarization laser fibers for further improved brightness in laser beam quality through innovative fiber designs. These have led to the 1st all-glass, high NA, Yb-doped high-power double-clad fiber made by an all-vapor-phase fiber-preform process in the world, and also the highbrightness, single-polarization double-clad high power laser fiber.
In vitro development of ovine embryos in CZB medium.

Abstract One- to four-cell embryos were collected from multiparous crossbred ewes and were cultured in vitro for 120 hours in CZB medium. A 2×2 factorial treatment arrangement was used to examine the effects of glucose and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on in vitro embryo development. The embryos were examined every 12 hours, and all of the embryos were stained with a DNA-specific fluorochrome after the 120-hour evaluation to enable the counting of cell nuclei. Embryo development was analyzed for cleavage beyond 16 cells as well as for cleavage to at least the compact morula stage based upon both the 120-hour morphological evaluation and nuclear counts. Forty-eight percent of the embryos passed through the in vitro developmental block (i.e., cleaved beyond 16 cells), and 26% developed to 30 or more cells. Neither EDTA nor glucose affected in vitro embryo development based on the nuclear counts.
Selective enrichment of a pyrene degrader population and enhanced pyrene degradation in Bermuda grass rhizosphere

Rhizosphere soil has a more diverse and active microbial community compared to nonvegetated soil. Consequently, the rhizosphere pyrene degrader population (PDP) and pyrene degradation may be enhanced compared to nonvegetated bulk soil (NVB). The objectives of this growth chamber study were to compare (1) Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Guymon) growth in pyrene-contaminated and noncontaminated soils and (2) pyrene degradation and PDP among NVB, Bermuda grass bulk (BB), and Bermuda grass rhizosphere soil (BR). Soils were amended with pyrene at 0 and 500 mg kg−1, seeded with Bermuda grass, and thinned to two plants per pot 14 days after planting (DAP). Pyrene degradation was evaluated over 63 days. The PDP was enumerated via a most probable number (MPN) procedure at 63 DAP. Bermuda grass root growth was more sensitive to pyrene contamination than shoot growth. Pyrene degradation followed first-order kinetics. Pyrene degradation was significantly greater in BR compared to BB and NVB with rate constants of 0.082, 0.050, and 0.052 day−1, respectively. The PDPs were 8.01, 7.30, and 6.83 log10 MPN g−1 dry soil for BR, BB, and NVB, respectively. The largest PDP was in soil with the most rapid pyrene degradation. These results indicate that Bermuda grass can grow in pyrene-contaminated soil and enhance pyrene degradation through a rhizosphere effect.
Noise levels in over-the-road tractors

Noise levels in eight over-the-road tractors were measured under actual driving conditions to quantify the noise exposures of the drivers. Decibel readings were taken for a range of individual frequencies and weighting scales under standardized conditions. Readings were also taken under non-standardized conditions and continuous monitoring dosimeters were used. Spectral analysis of the noise indicated that high sound pressure levels were associated with low frequency noise. Differences were observed between the A scale readings on the sound level meter and those calculated from the dosimeter. These differences are attributed to non-standardized conditions experienced during normal vehicle operation and indicate that truck drivers are exposed to potentially harmful noise levels, often in excess of 90 dBA.
Comparative Phaeomelanic Intensities In Chicken Down and Postjuvenile Plumage

Abstract THE intensity of phaeomelanin in the down of newly hatched chicks of the various gold columbian breeds shows a wide range of variation. The range in intensity varies from the light shades of buff, which are characteristic of some buff breeds, to the deep, rich, brilliant red of the exhibition Rhode Island Red. Genetic interpretations of the extreme variation in red-buff down coloration among breeds have apparently not been attempted; however, Warren (1929) has studied this trait within a production strain of Rhode Island Reds. One of his objectives was to determine if variations found in down color are related to color variations in adult plumage. He obtained correlation coefficients between subjective grades of down color and the color of the back feathers in adults of 0.179 ± 0.020 and 0.229 ± 0.016 for 516 males and 599 females respectively. These he states were “too small to be considered significant.” …
Electron microscopy of specimens in liquid

This article reviews the use of electron microscopy in liquids and its application in biology and materials science.
Current state of thrombolytic therapy.

More than 200,000 people have been enrolled into clinical trials examing different reperfusion strategies for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Each year approximately 1 million people in the United States experience acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolytic agents, including streptokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator, activate plasminogen. These agents are often divided into “fibrin-specific” and “non-fibrin-specific” drugs. New thrombolytic agents designed to address several of the shortcomings of existing thrombolytics are in various stages of clinical development.
Early, intermediate, and late effects of a surgical skills "boot camp" on an objective structured assessment of technical skills: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Surgical interns enter residency with variable technical abilities and many feel unprepared to perform necessary procedures. We hypothesized that interns exposed to a preinternship intensive surgical skills curriculum would demonstrate improved competency over unexposed colleagues on a test of surgical skills and that this effect would persist throughout internship. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a 3-day intensive skills "boot camp" with simulation-based training on 10 topics. Interns were randomized to an intervention group (boot camp) or a control group (no boot camp). All interns completed a survey including demographic information, previous experience, and comfort with basic surgical skills. Both groups completed a clinical skills assessment focused on 4 topics: chest tube insertion, central line placement, wound closure, and the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery peg transfer task. We assessed both groups immediately (month 0), early postcurriculum (month 1), and late postcurriculum (month 6). RESULTS: Fifteen participants were in the intervention group and 13 were in the control group. Before boot camp, mean comfort levels were similar for the groups. All participants had minimal prior experience. Competency for chest tube insertion and central line placement were considerably higher for the boot camp group at months 0 and 1, although much of this difference disappeared by month 6. There was no substantial difference between the 2 groups in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery peg transfer and wound closure skills. CONCLUSIONS: A surgical skills boot camp accelerates the learning curve for interns in basic surgical skills as measured by a technical skills examination for some skills, although these improvements diminished over time. This can augment traditional training and translate into fewer patient errors.
A Comparison of Two Kinds of Dogmatism Scores: Rokeach Categories Versus Open-Ended Responses

Summary College students responded to 11 Dogmatism Scale items both with the categories used by Rokeach (“agree very much” to “disagree very much”) and with open-ended comments. The latter were coded and scored, and the two sets of dogmatism scores were then correlated with each other and with attitudes hypothesized to be related to dogmatism. The Rokeach and coded dogmatism scores showed equally low but significant correlations with attitudes. The dogmatism scores were significantly correlated with each other; the students' open-ended responses fit Rokeach's theory well and did not suggest any new aspects of dogmatism. The data provide further evidence for the construct validity of Rokeach's scale.
A hydrodynamic model of locomotion in the Basilisk Lizard

ORGANISMS with a body mass of more than one gram and which live at the air–water interface generally support their weight with their buoyant bodies. The maximum swimming speed these animals can attain is limited by wave-making resistance1–3. For high-speed progression across a body of water, shore birds and basilisk lizards (Basiliscus basiliscus) support their bodies above the water surface by repeatedly striking the surface with their feet. Here we investigate the mechanism of support in moderately sized basilisk lizards (about 90 g) by combining hydrodynamic measurements of a physical model of the lizards' feet with an analysis of video records of foot movements. We find basilisks of intermediate size obtain little support for their body weight by slapping the water surface; most of the support comes from stroking the foot downwards while expanding an air cavity underwater. The lizard minimizes downward forces by pulling its foot upward before the cavity collapses.
Measurements of two- and three-spin parameters at 6 GeV/c using a transversely polarized beam and target

Toward the goal of experimentally determining $\mathrm{pp}$ elastic scattering amplitudes at 6 GeV/c, we have measured a linear combination of triple-spin correlation parameters and also a linear combination of spintransfer parameters over the $|t|$ range between 0.2 and 1.0 ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$. A horizontally polarized beam ($S$ direction) was obtained by precessing the spin of the polarized beam from the Argonne Zero Gradient Synchrotron using a superconducting solenoid. The target protons were polarized vertically ($N$ direction) and the polarization of the recoil protons was measured with a carbon polarimeter. The results are consistent with the amplitude corresponding to $\ensuremath{\pi}$ exchange being almost real and positive.
The utility of locus of control for assessing juvenile amenability to treatment

One of the many factors that must be considered when conducting juvenile risk assessments is treatment amenability. Traditionally, research on risk assessments has focused on treatment needs, likelihood of violence, and likelihood of recidivism. However, there has been little empirical guidance for assessing treatment amenability. This article proposes the possibility of using locus of control as a psychological construct to aid in assessing treatment amenability of juveniles. Through a review of the locus of control literature, the authors found that internal orientation has been found to relate to increased treatment participation, help-seeking behaviors, and positive treatment outcomes. Further, external orientation has been found to be related to poorer treatment participation and outcomes. While there is some debate whether locus of control is a static or a fluid phenomenon, its ability as a predictor of treatment amenability as well as an indicator of treatment response is discussed.
Effects of Attached Body on Biomechanical Response of the Helmeted Human Head Under Blast

The results of a computational study on the effect of the body on biomechanical responses of a helmeted human head under various blast load orientations are presented in this work. The focus of the work is to study the effects of the human head model boundary conditions on mechanical responses of the head such as variations of intracranial pressure (ICP). In this work, finite element models of the helmet, padding system, and head components are used for a dynamic nonlinear analysis. Appropriate contacts and conditions are applied between different components of the head, pads and helmet. Blast is modeled in a free space. Two different blast wave orientations with respect to head position are set, so that, blast waves tackle the front and back of the head. Standard trinitrotoluene is selected as the high explosive (HE) material. The standoff distance in all cases is one meter from the explosion site and the mass of HE is 200 grams. To study the effect of the body, three different boundary conditions are considered; the head-neck model is free; the base of the neck is completely fixed; and the head-neck model is attached to the body. Comparing the results shows that the level of ICP and shear stress on the brain are similar during the first five milliseconds after the head is hit by the blast waves. It explains the fact that the rest of the body does not have any contribution to the response of the head during the first 5 milliseconds. However, the conclusion is just reasonable for the presented blast situations and different blast wave incidents as well as more directions must be considered.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in breast cancer.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a population of immature myeloid cells defined by their suppressive actions on immune cells such as T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. MDSCs typically are positive for the markers CD33 and CD11b but express low levels of HLADR in humans. In mice, MDSCs are typically positive for both CD11b and Gr1. These cells exert their suppressive activity on the immune system via the production of reactive oxygen species, arginase, and cytokines. These factors subsequently inhibit the activity of multiple protein targets such as the T cell receptor, STAT1, and indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase. The numbers of MDSCs tend to increase with cancer burden while inhibiting MDSCs improves disease outcome in murine models. MDSCs also inhibit immune cancer therapeutics. In light of the poor prognosis of metastatic breast cancer in women and the correlation of increasing levels of MDSCs with increasing disease burden, the purposes of this review are to (1) discuss why MDSCs may be important in breast cancer, (2) describe model systems used to study MDSCs in vitro and in vivo, (3) discuss mechanisms involved in MDSC induction/function in breast cancer, and (4) present pre-clinical and clinical studies that explore modulation of the MDSC–immune system interaction in breast cancer. MDSCs inhibit the host immune response in breast cancer patients and diminishing MDSC actions may improve therapeutic outcomes.
Active fault location in distribution network using time-frequency reflectometry

In this work a new single-ended method for fault location in distribution networks is proposed. The method is an active traveling wave fault location, which transmits a Gaussian chirp through the line and applies the cross time-frequency reflectometry in order to find the exact location of the fault with 150 meter tolerance. The method functions in the offline post fault condition, where the system is disconnected. The bandwidth of the proposed method is at least one order of magnitude smaller than its passive counterparts. Furthermore, not only is the method capable of locating the exact distance of the fault away from the relay location, but it also finds the exact line in radial configuration of distribution network. Another characteristics of this method is its immunity to series capacitive compensated transmission line, voltage level, fault phase, fault inception angle, and fault resistance. Another important property of the method is its ability in locating high impedance faults. The method capabilities are verified using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation based on phase-dependent and frequency-dependent models for distribution network lines. An error parameter is defined to compare the method efficiency for different fault types, fault locations, and system configurations.
Factors Influencing Consumer Outcome Monitoring in Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices: Results from the National EBP Implementation Project

Objective This study reports participating agencies use of a single fidelity dimension, Outcome Monitoring, during the 2-year National EBP Implementation Project. Method The study involved an emerging theme qualitative approach for analyzing the implementation of fidelity achieved for five EBPs in 49 sites across eight states. Results Twenty-seven percent of the sites reached a high level of implementation fidelity. Conclusion Results suggest that four interrelated factors contributed to whether agencies successfully implemented Outcome Monitoring-agency data collection methods, agency culture, practitioner skill, and how well “consumer outcomes” are defined.
Algorithms for low power and high speed FIR filter realization using differential coefficients

Most realizations of FIR filters use the coefficients directly to compute the convolution with the input data. We present a set of new algorithms for low power and high-speed realization of FIR filters. The algorithms use various orders of differences between coefficients for computing the convolution. Also the results of computations are stored and reused, thus requiring more storage and storage accesses. These techniques result in a reduction in the net computations necessary per convolution as compared to directly using the coefficients. It is shown analytically that this computational reduction at the cost of more storage can result in a lower net computational energy dissipated and an enhanced speed. These algorithms are applied to an example FIR filter to quantify the energy savings and speedup.
Turbulent and Thermodynamic Structure of the Autumnal Arctic Boundary Layer Due to Embedded Clouds

We have studied the role of low-level clouds in modifying the thermodynamic and turbulence properties of the Arctic boundary layer during autumn. This was achieved through detailed analyses of boundary-layer properties in two regions, one with low-level cloud cover and the other free of clouds, using measurements from a research aircraft during the Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment (BASE). Both regions were measured on the same day under similar synoptic forcing. The cloudy region was characterized by strong horizontal inhomogeneity in low-level temperature and moisture that varied with the cloud-top height. The clear region was relatively homogeneous in temperature and specific humidity with a strong temperature inversion extending between heights of 100 m and 3 km. From measurements at the lowest levels, we also identified a shallow mixed layer below the deep stable layer in the clear region. Our spectral analyses revealed significant modifications of boundary-layer properties due to the presence of low-level clouds. In the cloudy region, turbulent perturbations dominated the boundary-layer flow and made large contributions to the scalar variances. In the clear boundary-layer, wave motion contributed significantly to the observed variances, while turbulent flow was relatively weak. The clear region was saturated, although no detectable clouds were measured.
Dynamic alteration along a fractured cement/cement interface: Implications for long term leakage risk along a well with an annulus defect

Abstract The long term fate of wells proximal to CO2 sequestration operations remains poorly understood. To date, experiments have shown that total degradation of well cement is unlikely and that severe, uniform degradation of a conductive pathway can lead to self-healing of a fracture. However these experiments did not carry out the degradation reactions while the (fractured) cement was under mechanical load comparable to subsurface conditions. A new experiment procedure that couples reactive flow through a fracture in cement with confining pressure has shown reaction along well defined flow channels along the fracture face. Injection of acidic (2
The Art Therapist: A New Breed Of Teacher

(1980). The Art Therapist: A New Breed Of Teacher. Action in Teacher Education: Vol. 2, Changing Realities in Teacher Education, pp. 55-56.
Auditory thalamic organization: Cellular slabs, dendritic arbors and tectothalamic axons underlying the frequency map

A model of auditory thalamic organization is presented incorporating cellular laminae, oriented dendritic arbors and tectothalamic axons as a basis for the tonotopic map at this level of the central auditory system. The heart of this model is the laminar organization of neuronal somata in the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGV) of the rabbit, visible in routine Nissl stains. Microelectrode studies have demonstrated a step-wise ascending progression of best frequencies perpendicular to the cell layers. The dendritic arbors of MGV neurons are aligned parallel to the cellular laminae and dendritic tree width along the frequency axis corresponds closely with the frequency steps seen in microelectrode studies. In the laminated subdivision, tectothalamic axons terminate in the form of bands closely aligned with the laminae and dendritic arbors of thalamic relay neurons. The bands of tectothalamic axons extend in the anterior-posterior (A-P) plane forming a dorsal-ventral series of stacked frequency slabs. In the pars ovoidea region, the homologous spiraling of somata, dendritic fields and tectothalamic axons appear to represent a low-frequency area in this species. At least two types of tectothalamic terminals were found within the bands: large boutons frequently arranged in a glomerular pattern and smaller boutons arising from fine caliber axons. We propose that the rabbit is an ideal model to investigate the structural-functional basis of functional maps in the mammalian auditory forebrain.
On the origin of the CO+ ion in resonant multiphoton ionization of CO2

Multiphoton ionization of CO2 via three-photon resonances with the (2Пg,Ω)nf Rydberg states results in production of CO+2, CO+, and O+ ions. This study explores the branching into CO+2 and CO+ ion channels and its laser power dependence for the levels nf = 5–7. The results indicate that either a significant fraction of the CO+2 ions produced in the initial ionization step do not participate in a dissociative two-photon transition or that dissociation of low vibrational levels of the parent ion occurs by a transition to a state with a lifetime on the order of 600 ps. A method of measuring predissociation lifetimes by determining the fraction of population which survives a saturated transition to a dissociative state is suggested.
An evaluation of linear instability waves as sources of sound in a supersonic turbulent jet

Mach wave radiation from supersonic jets is revisited to better quantify the extent to which linearized equations represent the details of the actual mechanism. To this end, we solve the linearized Navier-Stokes equations (LNS) with precisely the same mean flow and inflow disturbances as a previous direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a perfectly expanded turbulent M = 1.92 jet. We restrict our attention to the first two azimuthal modes, n = 0 and n = 1, which constitute most of the acoustic field. The direction of peak radiation and the peak Strouhal number matches the DNS reasonably well, which is in accord with previous experimental justification of the linear theory. However, it is found that the sound pressure level predicted by LNS is significantly lower than that from DNS. In order to investigate the discrepancy, individual frequency components of the solution are examined. These confirm that near the peak Strouhal number, particularly for the first helical mode n = 1, the amplification of disturbances in the LNS closely matches the DNS. However, away from the peak frequency (and generally for the azimuthal mode n = 0), modes in the LNS are damped while those in the DNS grow at rates comparable to those at the peak Strouhal number.
New Onset Epilepsy in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Semiology and Literature Review

Prader-Willi syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by absence of expression of the paternal active genes in the 15q11∼q13 chromosome region; it is associated with an increased incidence of epilepsy and narcolepsy. Presented here is the case of a 2.5-year-old boy with Prader-Willi syndrome and a history of neonatal superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with new onset of atonic seizures with electrographic onset from the parasagittal region. It is postulated that microscarring from neonatal venous sinus thrombosis, history of febrile seizures, and Prader-Willi syndrome are factors predisposing him to epilepsy. The importance of video electroencephalography with electromyography electrodes is emphasized for Prader-Willi syndrome patients with drop episodes, to differentiate cataplexy from seizures. This being a novel report of a Prader-Willi syndrome patient with atonic seizures, the literature on seizure semiology among patients with Prader-Willi syndrome is reviewed.
The impact of new cardiovascular device technology on health care costs.

Drug-eluting coronary stents (DES) are widely used1 and entail sizeable Medicare hospital expenditures.2 However, the overall cost impact of DES has not been well quantified. Clear understanding of how new technologies like DES affect healthcare expenditures can provide insight into national trends in healthcare cost growth, of which new technology is presumably the leading driver.3 New technology may not only increase costs by being more expensive than previous treatments, but also by changing the patterns of care for chronic disease.4 Accordingly, we sought to assess the overall impact of DES on Medicare expenditures in a nationally-representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Students' Pet Peeves about Teaching

Knowing students' concerns about teaching can improve one's pedagogy. Pet peeves about teacher behavior gathered from 671 undergraduates in psychology classes revealed that organization and planning, mechanics, lecture styles and techniques, and testing were the concerns most frequently mentioned and easily remedied. Eleven of 13 participating faculty members made voluntary changes in their teaching within I week of collecting data and that continue 2 semesters later.
Thresholds in the association between child care quality and child outcomes in rural preschool children

Abstract This study examined whether a minimum level of preschool quality (threshold) is needed in order for a relationship to exist between preschool quality and children's academic, behavioral, and working memory in a sample of children from low-wealth rural communities where quality child care has been found to be lower than more urban communities. Participants included 849 children from two high-poverty, rural regions. Preschool quality was rated using the CLASS observational measure. Child outcomes included direct assessments of early language, mathematics, and working memory, as well as teacher ratings of attention, emotion regulation, problem behaviors, and peer relationships. Analyses included piecewise regression analyses that tested a priori specified cut-points and flexible b-spline analyses that tested for thresholds empirically. Results indicated some evidence for quality thresholds, suggesting that quality was related to children's behavioral outcomes above, but not below, a cut-point. Language, literacy, and working memory did not show evidence of threshold effects. Results are discussed in the context of prior mixed evidence for child care quality thresholds in other samples of predominantly low-income preschoolers in center-based child care in more urban areas.
Geometric analysis of reverse mode in decentered annular ring resonator

This paper describes the geometric analysis of the reverse mode in a Decentered Annular Ring Resonator (DARR). The reverse mode is an astigmatic diverging wave whose phase front is a elliptic paraboloid with higher order aberrations. At the decentered hole in the scraper, the reverse mode is a bat-wing footprint whose size is dependent on the compact leg length.
Early stand production of hybrid poplar and white spruce in mixed and monospecific plantations in eastern Maine

Forest plantations in the northeastern United States comprise a small proportion of the total forest area. Most plantations are typically softwood dominated and managed for sawlog and pulpwood production, while high-yield hardwood plantations for bioenergy feedstocks have not been as widely investigated. The objective of this study was to compare the biomass production of planted white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) plantations (four clones) in monoculture, and in mixture of the two on a typical reforestation site in Maine. Three years following planting, hybrid poplar height and ground line diameter growth rates began to diverge among clones, and by 6 years, the Populus nigra × Populus maximowiczii (NM6) clone clearly outperformed three Populus deltoides × Populus nigra clones (D51, DN10 and DN70) both in pure stands and in mixtures with white spruce. In mixture, we found the yield of white spruce to decline as the yield of hybrid poplar increased. Overall, yields of white spruce monocultures were comparable to those reported in eastern Canada, while the hybrid poplar biomass yields were substantially lower than those reported from studies on abandoned agricultural lands, likely due to the harsher soil conditions at our site. The dominance of rocky and poorly drained sites (like the one tested in this study) across Maine will likely limit the feasibility of widespread hybrid poplar plantations, and thus constrains their potential use as a bioenergy feedstock.
A Social Marketing Based Strategy For Planning Diversity Events

Organizations are both enriched and challenged by diversity. Organizational diversity management is based on several factors such as strategy, competitive positioning and internal culture. Most organizations hold events of various kinds as part of their diversity strategy. Although participation in events is often mandated, such as in training programs, providing opportunities for voluntary participation is also important. In particular, organizing events in which participation is voluntary signals that management is willing to be responsive and flexible. Events, in general, are a highly visible aspect of diversity programs and serve many purposes, such as providing information, building awareness and creating social capital. On the other hand, there are associated costs. Consequently, organizations need to plan events carefully in order to obtain their full benefit. This paper presents a comprehensive strategy for planning, publicising and organizing diversity related events. The strategy addresses the interests and needs of all individuals in the organization with a goal of maximizing voluntary participation. A simple yet powerful method from (social) marketing is used in constructing the comprehensive strategy: that of market segmentation. In this paper, individuals in an organization are classified into four segments. Events, too, are classified into four types – support, celebratory, educational and training. Each segment responds best to a specific type of event. This link between segments and events is used to formulate the strategy that recommends organizing all four types of events, during a planning period, as part of the diversity management effort.
Technical note What is structured learning theory

Structured Learning Theory is a radical departure from the current Pavlov-Watson-Skinner system. The latter represents learning change as a scalar quantity: structured learning represents learning gain as a vector quantity. The vector is the difference of loadings on a series of ability, personality and motivation factors between a pre and a post learning behavioural equation obtained by factor analysis. A glance at the post-learning factor pattern matrix, which represents the dynamic lattice (Cattell, 1979), is sufficient to show how the learning has affected not only the given attitude strength but the whole dynamic lattice. That is to say, learning is represented by a complete change in the dynamic lattice, including the use of primary abilities. Thus, Structured Learning Theory links up with the equations in the dynamic calculus—equations dealing with conflict, decision theory and the internal readjustments of subsidiations to primary instincts (Murray, 1938). It is obvious that the complete description of an individual change through a learning experience requires not only a change in the loadings but also in the magnitude of the ability, personality and dynamic factors. This latter is obtainable by the usual estimations of factor magnitudes from the magnitudes of variables. The calculation of two vector changes may seem very demanding to experimenters, but this is the truth of what life learning does. It needs the use of matrix calculations because an individual is normally simultaneously experiencing exposure to several life-path learnings.
How Is Slow Wave Sleep Related to Hypertension

To the Editor: I recently read with interest the article by Fung et al.1 I note that in the online Data Supplement (available at http://hyper.ahajournals.org) to this article that it is reported that, among the parameters measured, was bilateral leg movements. However, data regarding periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) was not reported. PLMS are among the most common sleep disorders in the age group (>65 years) studied in this article. PLMS occur most prominently during the first third of the sleep period. The first third of the sleep period generally includes the majority of …
Quality-of-life assessment in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

Abstract Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) are common supraventricular arrhythmias. Patients with these arrhythmias report symptoms of palpitations, dizziness, dyspnea, and diaphoresis during episodes of these tachycardias, and they are often treated with antiarrhythmic drugs to reduce symptomatic recurrences. 1 Interventional catheterization and surgical procedures are available to patients who remain disabled despite antiarrhythmic therapy. 2–4 Despite the prevalence of patients with these disorders and the expense and risk of the therapies used, little is known about how patients perceive disability due to these disorders and what coping strategies they use during recurrences of their arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to assess functional disability and coping strategies in patients with well-characterized attacks of paroxysmal AF or paroxysmal SVT.
Induction of Donor-Specific Immune Modulation and Successful Renal Transplantation with a Simplified Method of Donor-Specific Blood Transfusion

We developed a new method of donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) for prospective kidney transplant recipients from a living related donor. Forty-four patients were transfused with 100 ml of one-haplotype matched kidney donor's whole blood at 1, 8, and 15 days after its storage. Ten of these patients received azathioprine (1.5 mg/kg per day) in addition to DST. After DST, three patients (6.8 %) developed donor-specific lymphocytotoxic antibodies. The incidence of sensitization was not different between azathioprine-treated and untreated patients. Following DST, donor-specific mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was significantly suppressed without any accelerated (secondary type) response in early MLC. Subsequently, 24 patients received a kidney transplant from the donor. Graft survival rates were 96% and 90% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Nine additional patients, seven from a two-haplotype matched sibling and two from a no-haplotype matched sibling also received DST. None of these patients became sensi...
Peritumoral Fibroblast SPARC Expression and Patient Outcome With Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Purpose SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a protein involved in cell matrix interactions, wound repair, and cell migration, and has been reported to inhibit cancer growth. SPARC undergoes epigenetic silencing in many pancreatic cancers, but stromal fibroblasts adjacent to infiltrating pancreatic adenocarcinomas frequently express SPARC. We evaluated the prognostic significance of tumor and peritumoral SPARC expression in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods The expression patterns of SPARC were characterized by immunohistochemistry in 299 primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection specimens from patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, MD) between 1998 and 2003. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling were used to assess the mortality risk associated with the presence or absence of tumor SPARC and peritumoral SPARC status. Results By Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients whose pancre...