cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating graphing technology into teacher education: a case study of an algebra program for prospective secondary school mathematics teachers

The use of technology to facilitate algebraic learning has recently flourished. Using graphing technology, researchers have found that it becomes very natural to add visualisation to the standard algebraic techniques used in the mathematics curriculum. In particular, students utilising computer graphing have been found to solve more complex equations, even equations that do not admit an algebraic solution. The research literature also supports the enhancement of algebraic thinking in students through open-ended and exploratory activities that focus on applications, alternative representations of functions, and the use of graphing technology. This case study investigated a pre-service education course for prospective secondary school mathematics teachers which utilised activities, such as those described above, that were especially well facilitated through the use of graphing technology.
Beta Phase Parameters in the System Ti−V−Mo

As expected from similar crystal structures and favorable atomic size factors, titanium, vanadium, and molybdenum are completely soluble in one another above the transformation temperature of titanium. The β phase parameters of the continuous solid solution are shown graphically. Limiting compositions for retained β phase have been determined.
Hydrographic and dissolved oxygen variability in a seasonal Pacific Northwest estuary

Abstract Hypoxia is an issue of growing concern for coastal communities. In the California Current System, a prototypical eastern boundary current, attention has been focused on explaining the trend of increasing shelf hypoxia. Despite the regional focus on hypoxia in eastern boundary regions, relatively few studies have examined smaller estuarine systems. Here, we present results from an observational study in Coos Bay, a small estuary on the southern Oregon coast, subject to seasonal upwelling/downwelling winds, strong tides, and wide fluctuations in freshwater input. Coos Bay exhibits characteristics of a salt-wedge type estuary under high river discharge conditions (>150 m 3 s −1 ), a well-mixed estuary under low discharge conditions (0–30 m 3 s −1 ), and partially-mixed estuary during times of moderate discharge (30–150 m 3 s −1 ). The observed vertical stratification and along-estuary salinity gradients correlate significantly with river discharge and tidal forcing. Despite a strong coupling with coastal waters where hypoxia has been present, we do not find evidence for pervasive hypoxia in Coos Bay. We find that upwelling on the shelf advects low dissolved oxygen water into the estuary on synoptic timescales. Early in the upwelling season (April and May), dissolved oxygen minima are found at the estuary mouth, while later in the summer (September), dissolved oxygen minima are found at the riverine end, presumably due to decreased discharge and increased productivity. However, in a given year, the overall strength of the upwelling season is not a good predictor of low dissolved oxygen levels in the estuary.
Local Structure of Ba1–xSrxTiO3 and BaTi1–yZryO3 Nanocrystals Probed by X-ray Absorption and X-ray Total Scattering

The effect of isovalent chemical substitution on the magnitude and coherence length of local ferroelectric distortions present in sub-20 nm Ba1–xSrxTiO3 (x = 0.0, 0.30, 0.50, 1.0) and BaTi1–yZryO3 (y = 0.0, 0.15, 0.50, 1.0) nanocrystals synthesized at room temperature is investigated using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and pair distribution function analysis of X-ray total scattering data (PDF). Although the average crystal structure of the nanocrystals is adequately described by a centrosymmetric, cubic Pm3¯m space group, local ferroelectric distortions due to the displacement of the titanium atom from the center of the perovskite lattice are observed for all compositions, except BaZrO3. The symmetry of the ferroelectric distortions is adequately described by a tetragonal P4mm space group. The magnitude of the local displacements of the titanium atom in BaTiO3 nanocrystals is comparable to that observed in single crystals and bulk ceramics, but the coherence length of their ferroelectric coupling is much shorter (≤20 A). Substitution of Sr2+ for Ba2+ and of Zr4+ for Ti4+ induces a tetragonal-to-cubic transition of the room temperature local crystal structure, analogous to that observed for single crystals and bulk ceramics at similar compositions. This transition is driven by a reduction of the magnitude ofmore » the local displacements of the titanium atom and/or of the coherence length of their ferroelectric coupling. Replacing 50% of Ba2+ with Sr2+ slightly reduces the magnitude of the titanium displacement, but the coherence length is not affected. In contrast, replacing 15% of the ferroelectrically active Ti4+ with Zr4+ leads to a significant reduction of the coherence length. Deviations from the ideal solid solution behavior are observed in BaTi1–yZryO3 nanocrystals and are attributed to an inhomogeneous distribution of the barium atoms in the nanocrystal. Composition–structure relationships derived for Ba1–xSrxTiO3 and BaTi1–yZryO3 nanocrystals demonstrate that the evolution of the room temperature local crystal structure with chemical composition parallels that of single crystals and bulk ceramics, and that chemical control over ferroelectric distortions is possible in the sub-20 nm size range. In addition, the potential of PDF analysis of total scattering data to probe compositional fluctuations in nanocrystals is demonstrated.« less
Crystal structure of bis-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobut-yl)di-phenyl-phospho-nium bromide chloro-form monosolvate.

In the title salt solvate, C24H32O2P+·Br−·CHCl3, the P atom has a distorted tetra­hedral geometry, and the planes of the phenyl rings form a dihedral angle of 71.86 (14)° with one another. The bromide anion is disordered and was modelled over three positions (occupancy ratio 0.50:0.35:0.15). The crystal also contains one disordered chloro­form solvent mol­ecule that was modeled over three positions (occupancy ratio 0.50:0.35:0.15). Weak inter­molecular inter­actions (C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯O) exist between the complex cation and the bromide anion fragments. The resulting supramolecular structure is an oval-shaped arrangement of phosphonium salt molecules that surround the disordered bromide anion.
Allografts in soft tissue reconstructive procedures: important considerations.

ContextAllografts offer several important advantages over autografts in musculoskeletal reconstructive procedures, such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Despite growing widespread use ...
Pattern of Emergence of Adult Heliothis from Fields Planted to Cotton, Corn, Tobacco, and Soybeans

Adult bollworms, Heliothis zea Boddie, and tobacco budworms, H. virescens (F.) emerging from overwintering populations were difficult to detect when covers were placed over the soil in fields planted the previous year in corn, cotton, soybeans, or tobacco, but later generations were easily detected. Counts of larvae taken weekly in these fields and subsequent identification of the larvae indicated that blacklight traps detected the presence of bollworm moths but not budworm moths.
Fluorescence Detection of Proteins in Gels Using SYPRO Dyes

Publisher Summary This chapter presents protocols for staining proteins in SDS-polyacrylamide and two-dimensional gels using the different SYPRO dyes. SYPRO Orange dye, SYPRO Red dye, and SYPRO Tangerine dye bind non-covalently to proteins in gels through interaction with SDS micelles. Protein quantitation with fluorophores of this type is generally more reliable than that achieved with fluorophores that label primary amines alone. The dyes offer detection sensitivities comparable to those of colloidal Coomassie blue staining methods. It is possible to stain SDS-PAGE gels during electrophoresis using the SYPRO stains in the running buffer; however, detection sensitivity in this case is four- to eight-fold poorer. SYPRO Tangerine protein gel stain is a versatile stain for detecting proteins separated by SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The background fluorescence is low and the linear dynamic range of the stain extends over three orders of magnitude and shows low protein-to-protein variation. The dye maximally emits at about 610 nm. SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain has exceptional photostability, allowing long exposure times for maximum sensitivity.
Inactivation of Salmonella Species and Other Food-Borne Pathogens with Salmide®, a Sodium Chlorite-Based Oxyhalogen Disinfectant †.

The biocidal activity of Salmide®, a sodium chlorite-based oxyhalogen disinfectant, was tested alone or in combination with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) against nine Salmonella spp. ( choleraesuis , enteritidis , hadar , heidelberg , infantis , montevideo , indiana , typhimurium , worthington ) and other selected gram-positive ( Bacillus cereus , Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus ) and gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). After a 15-min exposure to 10 mM Salmide® in distilled deionized water at 37°C, a 2.5-to 6.6-log-cycle reduction in population was observed for all of the 16 strains tested, with the exception of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111, which appeared to be resistant (<1-log-cycle reduction). When Salmonella hadar was simultaneously exposed to 10 mM Salmide® and 5 or 10 mM disodium EDTA at 37°C for 4 min, the biocidal activity of Salmide® was enhanced twofold (6-log-cycle reduction) compared to that observed with 10 mM Salmide® alone. Treatment with 10 mM disodium EDTA alone produced no significant inactivation <1-log-cycle reduction). Exposure of Salmonella hadar to 55 mM Na3PO4 alone or in combination with 10 mM Salmide® yielded a greater than 6-log-cycle reduction, whereas treatment with 10 mM Salmide® alone yielded a4.1-log-cycle reduction. The presence of protein (as bovine serum albumin) in treatments containing Salmide® significantly reduced the biocidal activity. These results demonstrate that Salmide® has a rapid and concentration-dependent biocidal activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative food-borne bacterial pathogens and spoilage organisms.
Evaluation of Evolocumab (AMG 145), a Fully Human Anti-PCSK9 IgG2 Monoclonal Antibody, in Subjects With Hepatic Impairment.

Evolocumab binds PCSK9, increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) receptors and lowering LDL-C. Target-mediated evolocumab elimination is attributable to PCSK9 binding. As circulating PCSK9 and LDL-C levels are primarily regulated by the liver, we compared evolocumab pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in individuals with and without hepatic impairment. Open-label, parallel-group study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of evolocumab in hepatic-impaired (Child–Pugh Class A or B) or healthy adults. Participants were classified as having no, mild, or moderate hepatic impairment (n = 8/group), and received a single 140-mg evolocumab dose. Assessments of unbound evolocumab and PCSK9 were made pre- and post-dose. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. No significant association was observed between baseline PCSK9 and increasing level of hepatic impairment. No difference in extent and time-course of PCSK9 or LDL-C reduction was observed, despite an apparent decrease in mean unbound evolocumab exposure with increasing hepatic impairment (Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test; maximum serum concentration: P = .18; area under the curve: P = .09). Maximum reductions were observed in moderately impaired subjects versus healthy individuals: mean maximum serum concentration, –34%; mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), –47%. On average, unbound PCSK9 serum concentrations fell by >80% at 4 hours after a single evolocumab dose. Mean (95% confidence interval) maximum LDL-C reductions in the healthy, mild, and moderate groups were –57% (–64%, –48%), –70% (–75%, –63%), and –53% (–61%, –43%), respectively. No safety risks were identified. These results support evolocumab use without dose adjustment in patients with active liver disease and mild or moderate hepatic impairment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Alternative Test Solution for Low Power, Small Footprint Leadless Package

Test socket design is a critical element in the semiconductor product development and test development especially for QFN leadless type packages with pre-plated lead surface finish. The pre-plated leads tend to be recessed into the package as the leadframes are pre-taped prior to mold and during molding, mold transfer pressure compresses the tape and causing the molded package to "bulge" and protrude a little higher than the lead. This is also evident if mold bleed is found on the exposed lead surface. However, this phenomenon occurs more frequently on silicon-based tape. Thermoset type tape tends to gasket around the leads when laminated and hence, causing the leads to "protrude" after molding. Other causes can be due to assembly misprocessing which caused the lead to twist or tilt which result in lead been non-planar particularly at wire bonded area. Recessed leads make test socket pin contact with the leads a major problem as pins may contact the "higher" package surface instead of the leads. Variation in design geometry, DUT (Device under test) lead finish, and contamination of the leads further aggravates the problem and makes the socket design more critical and more sophisticated especially when the footprint of the package are getting smaller and smaller and is leadless. Different design of sockets provides specialized electrical and mechanical parameters needed for specific steps in the product testing process. Frequent cleaning of the contaminated socket, criticality in test set-up alignment and retests due to poor contacts are a major contributor to test output losses and a remedy is greatly desired. The search for a solution led to conductive elastomer where high-density fine wires are molded into the elastomer material at fixed pitch. This conductive elastomer is used to improve the signal integrity of testing. The embedded wires are extremely small hence is especially suited for packages where the leads are small. The elasticity of the elastomer is also well suited for recessed leads or lead burrs as it easily absorbs the differences in height. This will eventually reduce the over rejection of open or short failure at test. As the wires are evenly pitched, set-up and alignment is a breeze as all that is required is to overlay it on the test contacts and held in place with a socket doing away with extensive alignment time. It is also easy to clean as the contaminants can be easily removed from the wire surface with sticky tape.
THE EFFECT OF SOMATIC CELL CONCENTRATION IN THE RAW MILK ON THE SHELF-LIFE OF THE PROCESSED PRODUCT1

The effect of somatic cell concentration in raw milk on its flavor and shelf-life after pasteurization was determined. Individual quarter and cow samples were used in this study. The milk was laboratory pasteurized at 145 F/30 min and stored at 38–42 F. The raw milk was evaluated for flavor and analyzed for somatic cells (WMT), CMT, chlorides, lactose, fat, protein, and total solids. The pasteurized product was examined organoleptically at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days storage. All flavor evaluations were made on coded samples, by experienced judges. A highly significant correlation was observed between somatic cell concentration and flavor scores of the pasteurized product at 0, 7, and 14 days shelf-life. This significance was based on correlation analysis and not on variations in mean flavor scores. A highly significant correlation was noted between somatic cells, CMT score, and percent chloride.
Poor Predictive Value of FDG-PET/CT Performed after 2 Cycles of R-CHOP in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLCL)

Background: In patients with aggressive NHL, whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) performed after 2–4 cycles of front-line therapy has a reported positive predictive value (PPV) of 80–100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 70–100%. However, the studies reporting these results were primarily retrospective, contained a mixture of NHL subtypes and therapies, and did not apply the recently published consensus response criteria (J Clin Oncol2007; 25:579). In addition, the interpretation of PET reports as positive or negative is often difficult for the treating oncologist. Methods: In this study, patients with a new diagnosis of advanced stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL) received standard R-CHOP × 6 cycles. Patients had FDG-PET/CT scans performed after cycle 2 or 3 and at the completion of therapy. Two medical oncologists (AC, NB) reviewed the FDG-PET/CT reports and interpreted them as positive, negative, or equivocal. A nuclear medicine radiologist (FD) then reviewed the scans and applied the consensus response criteria to score each FDG-PET/CT as positive or negative. All patients provided written informed consent. Results: Fifty patients (mean age 58 years, range 29–80) with stage III (n=15) or IV (n=35) DLCL were enrolled between March 2005 and May 2008 and treated with R-CHOP. All patients had a FDG-PET/CT performed after cycle 2 (n=47) or 3 (n=3), and 42 patients had FDG-PET/CT after 6 cycles. Median follow-up is 15 months. The medical oncologists interpreted the post-cycle 2 FDG-PET/CT reports as follows: 15 (30%) positive, 15 (30%) negative, 20 (40%) equivocal. Their NPV was 87% and the PPV was 27%. Patients with equivocal scans had outcomes similar to those with negative scans (80% free of relapse). After the radiologist’s review, the equivocal scans were classified as negative (n=10, 50%) or positive (n=10, 50%). The reviewed post-cycle 2 PET/CT results did not significantly correlate with progression-free survival (PFS) (graph, log-rank test p-value=0.35), and NPV and PPV were 85% and 25%, respectively. At the completion of therapy, the medical oncologists called 5 (12%) FDG-PET/CT reports positive, 25 (60%) negative, and 12 (29%) equivocal. These results significantly correlated with PFS (logrank test p-value Conclusions: In contrast to prior reports on the value of interim FDG-PET/CT, our results demonstrate that in DLCL patients treated with R-CHOP who are assessed prospectively, interim FDG-PET/CT does not predict PFS. However, end of therapy FDG-PET/CT does correlate strongly with PFS. It may be that the dichotomous consensus response criteria, which apply to end of therapy FDG-PET/CT, are not useful for interpretation of interim scans. In support of a more relative interpretation of interim FDG-PET/CT, we found that the subset of FDG-PET/CT reports that cannot be clearly designated as positive or negative predict outcomes similar to those of negative scans.
An Experiment Assessing Punitive versus Wellness Framing of a Tobacco-Free Campus Policy on Students' Perceived Level of University Support.

The objective of this study was to examine how different ways of describing a hypothetical tobacco-free campus policy would impact college students’ perceived level of support from the college. In the spring of 2016, we randomized 1885 undergraduate students in a required course to three message conditions in an online survey: control (no message), wellness (emphasizing promoting health and quitting support), and punitive (emphasizing consequences for violating the policy). The dependent variable was perceived organizational support. We selected items previously shown to be relevant for college students (alpha = 0.92 in our data). Given significant non-normality, we used non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests with pairwise comparisons to examine differences in perceived organizational support across the three conditions. We examined results by smoking status and if the participant correctly reported the message they received. We found no significant difference in perceived organizational support among students exposed to different tobacco-free campus policy announcements (p = 0.75). We also found no significant difference among smokers (p = 0.66). However, among smokers who correctly reported the message they received, we found significantly lower perceived university support (p = 0.01). Messages about tobacco-free campus policies should focus on the role of policy in supporting a healthy environment instead of punitive enforcement. Campus administrators should use caution when using message frames focusing on consequences of violating newly adopted policies.
Splice Site Requirements and Switches in Plants

Abstract Intron sequences in nuclear pre-mRNAs are excised with either the major U2 snRNA-dependent spliceosomal pathway or the minor U12 snRNA-dependent spliceosomal pathway that exist in most eukaryotic organisms. While the predominant dinucleotides bordering each of these types of introns and the catalytic mechanism used in their excision are conserved in plants and animals, several features aiding in the recognition of plant introns are distinct from those in animals and yeast. Along with their short length, high AU content and high variation in their 5' and 3' splice sites and branchpoint consensus sequences are the most prominent characteristics of plant introns. Detailed surveys of site-directed mutant introns tested in vivo and chemically induced and naturally mutant introns analyzed in planta emphasize the effects of changing individual nucleotides in these splice site consensus sequences and highlight a number of noncanonical dinucleotides that are functional in plant systems.
Crimped “Spun-glass” Hair in Siblings: With Twelve Year Follow-up of an Earlier Case

The appearance of unusually formed hair has been noted in individuals and families for many years. There have been a number of different descriptions used to classify these occurences in the literature. The varying terms of “wooly”, “kinky”, “negroid” and others have been used to describe what is seen clinically, without regard as to what such terms might actually mean. Recently, pediatricians and family physicians have become more interested in this type of hair abnormality because of the description of syndromes which associate mental retardation and failure to thrive with unusual looking hair. These children are then referred for more definite classification of their condition, especially if there are no associated signs and symptoms.
Spatial and temporal analysis center of pressure displacement during adolescence: Clinical implications of developmental changes.

Abstract This study aimed to provide insight into the development of postural control abilities in youth. A total of 276 typically developing adolescents (155 males, 121 females) with a mean age of 13.23 years (range of 7.11–18.80) were recruited for participation. Subjects performed two-minute quiet standing trials in bipedal stance on a force plate. Center of pressure (COP) trajectories were quantified using Sample Entropy (SampEn) in the anterior-posterior direction (SampEn-AP), SampEn in the medial–lateral direction (SampEn-ML), and Path Length (PL) measures. Three separate linear regression analyses were conducted to predict the relationship between age and each of the response variables after adjusting for individuals’ physical characteristics. Linear regression models showed an inverse relationship between age and entropy measures after adjusting for body mass index. Results indicated that chronological age was predictive of entropy and path length patterns. Specifically, older adolescents exhibited center of pressure displacement (smaller path length) and less complex, more regular center of pressure displacement patterns (lower SampEn-AP and SampEn-ML values) compared to the younger children. These findings support prior studies suggesting that developmental changes in postural control abilities may continue throughout adolescence and into adulthood.
Working memory moderates the association between perceived norms and heavy episodic drinking among college students.

Abstract Heavy episodic drinking (4+/5+ drinks/occasion for females/males) is highly prevalent among college students and is influenced by social factors. Among these social risk factors, perceived peer drinking norms have been shown to significantly predict heavy episodic drinking across a number of studies. However, there is little known about which students may be most and least susceptible to these influences or why individual differences may moderate the impact of norms on heavy drinking. Recent work has suggested self-control may be an important individual difference factor in this regard. Working memory (WM) is a central component of self-control that has been shown to buffer the effect of social influence variables. This study examined whether WM, as measured by memory span tasks, moderates the relationship between perceived drinking norms and alcohol use among college students reporting one or more past month drinking occasions (n = 98). Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine whether WM significantly moderated the relationship between perceived norms and heavy drinking episodes (HDEs) as well as number of drinking days in the past month. Analyses revealed a significant WM x norms interaction for both drinking indices. Simple slopes analyses suggested a buffering effect of WM as higher perceived norms predicted more HDEs and drinking days at low (−1SD) and mean WM scores but not high (+1SD) WM. These results suggest WM serves as a protective factor for the influence of norms such that individuals high in WM may be more able to inhibit the impact of norms on alcohol use.
Spectroscopic Analysis of Nonequilibrium Excited State Chemistry in a NASA Arc Jet

To support the determination of total specific enthalpy of the plasma flow of the 60 MW Interaction Heating Facility at NASA Ames Research Center, spectroscopic measurements of nonequilibrium emiss...
Mass of 146Gd.

We have measured the Q-italic value of the /sup 148/Gd(p,t)/sup 146/Gd reaction by comparison with the /sup 65/Cu(p,t)/sup 63/Cu calibration reaction. The /sup 148/Gd target was fabricated from material produced in a Ta target. The tritons were analyzed with a quadrupole--dipole-dipole-dipole spectrometer. By combining the (p,t) Q-italic value with the /sup 148/Gd mass, we obtain -76 096 +- 6 keV for the /sup 146/Gd mass excess.
Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Scientific Sessions 2018.

Among its 16 councils, the Basic Cardiovascular Sciences (BCVS) Council of the American Heart Association (AHA) is leading the way, with strong membership and increasing popularity of its annual summer scientific sessions. The 2018 Scientific Sessions were held in San Antonio, Texas, between July 29 and August 2, 2018 with a focus on innovations in cardiovascular research. This theme predominated the scientific and early career sessions, as well as the women in science breakfast, poster sessions, council dinner, joint Academy of Cardiovascular Research Excellence and the Acta Pharmacologica Sinica satellite symposium. The present report summarizes the 2018 BCVS Scientific Sessions.
A new approach to estimate household food demand with panel data

ABSTRACTThis article develops a model of food demand in which the quality and quantity of food purchased and the inter-purchase time are determined simultaneously. We use this model to explore the ...
In Praise of Schoolchildren: A commencement address to the Stanford University Graduate School of Education on 17 June 2018

I hope we can dedicate our time together today to the thousands of children incarcerated along the Mexican border over the past few weeks. My mother always said that “No one should ever be mean to ...
Creating integrated optics with ion-sliced lithium niobate combined with patterned silicon or silicon nitride

Design, fabrication, and measurement aspects of integrated optic devices based on ion-sliced lithium niobate combined with patterned silicon or silicon nitride are presented. Combining sub-micrometer thin films of lithium niobate with patterned thin film materials produces a platform for compact integrated optics with second order susceptibility. Hybrid silicon and lithium niobate waveguides are designed at 1550 nm wavelength with micrometer scale mode field diameter. Bend losses are less than 0.1 dB/cm for radii as small as 10 μm. Two hybrid silicon and lithium niobate electro-optic devices are shown, namely, an RF electric-field sensor with an experimentally demonstrated sensitivity of 4.5 V m-1 Hz-1/2 and an electro-optic ring modulator with experimentally demonstrated digital modulation of 4.5 Gb/s at 4.5 dB extinction ratio. A hybrid silicon nitride and lithium niobate device is also presented for quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation. Periodic poling of thin films of x-cut magnesium oxide doped lithium niobate has been achieved with a poling period of 7.5 μm. Chip-scale electro-optics and nonlinear optics are envisioned for classical and quantum communications, sensing, and computing applications.
Indiscretions of an Italian Lover: Montgomery Clift, Masculinity, and Melodrama

This article utilizes production documents found in the David O. Selznick Collection to explore the role of masculinity as it is constructed in Stazione Termini (1953). More specifically, it seeks ...
33. DEVELOPING A BOOTCAMP TO INCREASE PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS’ COMFORT BEFORE CRITICAL CARE ROTATIONS

Introduction Pediatric residents have limited exposure to critical care early in training. Orientation programs (“bootcamps”) have been described for graduating medical students and beginning fellows, but not for residents within pediatric training. We developed a bootcamp for rising senior residents beginning critical care rotations and hypothesized that the program would increase participants’ comfort with critical care. Methods Eleven PGY-2 pediatric residents completed the bootcamp prior to their first critical care rotation. Critical care and cardiac surgery attendings led the program and covered respiratory support including ventilation, shock including pressors, postoperative cardiac surgery care, and total parenteral nutrition. Outcomes were measured with a retrospective pre-post survey on a five-point scale, assessing residents’ comfort with initiating treatment, titrating treatment, and seeking assistance in each topic covered. Free text comments were also solicited. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test with paired scores on each question and pooled data for all topics. Results Participants reported increased comfort with initiating treatment (+1.44, Z = 5.16), titrating treatment (+1.44, Z = 5.23), and seeking assistance (+0.91, Z = 4.57), all p Conclusions A bootcamp for rising senior residents beginning critical care rotations increases comfort with critical care and may create a better experience during pediatric residency.
‘Wipe out the entire slum area’: university-led urban renewal in Columbia, South Carolina, 1950–1985

Abstract In this article, we examine the role of the University of South Carolina in the urban renewal of the city of Columbia, a medium sized southern city. Drawing on archives of official correspondence and oral histories of neighborhood residents, we chart the various ways by which the university administrators initiated and guided urban renewal and slum clearance in several largely African American neighborhoods adjacent to campus in tandem with the city of Columbia. We place a particular focus on the Wheeler Hill neighborhood to illustrate how university property acquisition occurred alongside the federal urban renewal process, and how the process slowly destabilized and ultimately unraveled the neighborhood. In doing so we contribute to the growing literature on universities and urban renewal and capture the methods and underlying racist intentions through which universities have reshaped the urban landscape. We argue that at a time when universities across the United States are beginning to grapple with their own racial histories, it is crucial to more fully acknowledge the ways in which university expansion has impacted, and indeed targeted, adjacent communities of color.
The effect of critical shoulder angle on functional compensation in the setting of cuff tear arthropathy.

ABSTRACT Introduction Critical shoulder angle (CSA) has been shown to influence rates of rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral arthritis with larger CSA associated with rotator cuff tears and smaller CSA associated with glenohumeral arthritis. There has been no study to determine whether such radiographic measurement influences the function of patients with demonstrated cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). The purpose of this study was to examine whether smaller CSAs were associated with greater range of motion (ROM) in patients diagnosed with cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). Materials and Methods Ninety-three patients with a diagnosis of CTA with adequate anteroposterior shoulder radiographs were obtained. Patient demographics were recorded. Presence of a rotator cuff tear was confirmed via advanced imaging or when applicable via operative report. Patients’ ROM was evaluated through physician’s office note. Shoulder radiographs were used to measure CSA, glenoid inclination (GI), acromial index (AI), and acromiohumeral interval (AHI). Patient ROM was measured and grouped into two different tiered cohorts; cohort one had 4 subgroups of forward elevation (i.e. ≤45°, 45-90°, 91-135° and 136-180°) and cohort two had 2 subgroups of forward elevation (i.e. ≤90°, >90°). We then analyzed forward elevation between these groups in the context of their radiographic measurements. Results The average patient age was 73.8 ± 8.0 years old. There was no significant difference in AHI. AI was found to be significantly different between patients presenting with ≤90° in forward elevation (FE) compared to those >90° (p=0.02). Average CSA was significantly lower in patients with forward elevation greater than 90° at 33.7° ± 3.9° compared to patients with forward elevation less than 90° at 37.1° ± 6.3° (p=0.002). There was also a significant difference with regard to CSA angles, with those patients with FE 45o having a mean CSA of 38.2o ± 8.3 compared to those patients with FE > 135o having a mean CSA of 33.3o ± 4.3 (p=0.02). Conclusion Patients diagnosed with cuff tear arthropathy can significantly vary in their shoulder function and ability to forward elevate. Lower CSA was found to be associated with higher forward elevation in CTA patients preoperatively. In addition, patients with a smaller acromial index were also found to have better overhead function. Analyzing CSA on plain radiographs may help manage functional expectations in CTA patients.
Changes in Incidents and Payment Methods for Intimate Partner Violence Related Injuries in Women Residing in the United States, 2002 to 2015.

Abstract Background Violence in interpersonal relationships is a substantial health and social problem in the United States and is associated with a myriad of immediate and long-term physical, behavioral, and neurocognitive impairments. The present study sought to determine the incidence of U.S. emergency department (ED)-attended intimate partner violence (IPV) from 2002 to 2015 and examine the differences in payment sources before and after implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Methods We analyzed ED visits among female patients aged 15 years or older between 2002 and 2015 from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes from patient visit records, we classified each ED visit to determine the frequency and estimate the relative proportion and national frequency of IPV visits. We explored bivariate and multivariate associations between IPV-related injuries with age, race, ethnicity, method of payment, and region, noting changes over time. Results Between 2002 and 2015, female patients visited EDs an estimated 2,576,417 times for IPV-related events, and the proportion of ED visits for IPV increased during that time period. The percentage of ED visits for IPV-related events did not differ significantly by region, race, or ethnicity. Compared with women 25–44 years of age, women aged 65 to 74 (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.43; p Conclusions The increase in the percentage of IPV-related ED claims paid by private insurance suggests that the Affordable Care Act may have increased women's willingness and ability to seek medical attention for IPV-related injuries and disclose IPV as the source of injuries.
A review of recent advances in computational and experimental analysis of first adsorbed water layer on solid substrate

The interactions at the water/solid interface is of great importance to a broad range of scientific phenomena and technological processes in astrophysics, electrochemistry, corrosion, lubrication, ...
Effect of Low-Frequency Therapeutic Ultrasound on Induction of Nitric Oxide in CKD: Potential to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury.

Introduction Post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) develops in a significant proportion of patients with CKD after invasive cardiology procedures and is strongly associated with adverse outcomes. Objective We sought to determine whether increased intrarenal nitric oxide (NO) would prevent PC-AKI. Methods To create a large animal model of CKD, we infused 250 micron particles into the renal arteries in 56 ± 8 kg pigs. We used a low-frequency therapeutic ultrasound device (LOTUS - 29 kHz, 0.4 W/cm2) to induce NO release. NO and laser Doppler probes were used to assess changes in NO content and blood flow. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by technetium-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) radionuclide imaging. PC-AKI was induced by intravenous infusion of 7 cm3/kg diatrizoate. In patients with CKD, we measured GFR at baseline and during LOTUS using Tc-99m-DTPA radionuclide imaging. Results In the pig model, CKD developed over 4 weeks (serum creatinine [Cr], mg/dL, 1.0 ± 0.2-2.6 ± 0.9, p < 0.01, n = 12). NO and renal blood flow (RBF) increased in cortex and medulla during LOTUS. GFR increased 75 ± 24% (p = 0.016, n = 3). PC-AKI developed following diatrizoate i.v. infusion (Cr 2.6 ± 0.7 baseline to 3.4 ± 0.6 at 24 h, p < 0.01, n = 3). LOTUS (starting 15 min prior to contrast and lasting for 90 min) prevented PC-AKI in the same animals 1 week later (Cr 2.5 ± 0.4 baseline to 2.6 ± 0.7 at 24 h, p = ns, n = 3). In patients with CKD (n = 10), there was an overall 25% increase in GFR in response to LOTUS (p < 0.01). Conclusions LOTUS increased intrarenal NO, RBF, and GFR and prevented PC-AKI in a large animal model of CKD, and significantly increased GFR in patients with CKD. This novel approach may provide a noninvasive nonpharmacological means to prevent PC-AKI in high-risk patients.
Comparative Analysis of Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Femoral Endarterectomy plus Endovascular (Hybrid) or Bypass for Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease.

Introduction The gold-standard for management of combined common femoral artery (CFA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) atherosclerotic occlusive disease has traditionally been open femoral endarterectomy and femoral-popliteal bypass. Hybrid approaches involving an open and endovascular component are increasingly common. The aim of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent an open versus hybrid revascularization. Methods NSQIP data, years 2012–2017, were queried for patients who underwent nonemergent CFA endarterectomy with either SFA transluminal intervention or bypass. The primary outcome of interest was a composite of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal complications (systemic) and mortality. Two propensity-weight adjusted analyses were performed: 1) comparing hybrid and prosthetic bypass 2) comparing hybrid and vein bypass. Results There were 4,478 patients included (1,537 hybrid, 1,408 prosthetic, 1,533 vein); 64.8% were men, and the mean age was 67.8 ± 9.7 years; 29.9% had claudication, 38.8% had tissue loss, and 31.3 were unspecified. In the propensity-weighted analysis comparing hybrid to prosthetic bypass, there was no difference in systemic complications (OR = 1.29 for prosthetic vs. hybrid; 95% CI: 0.95–1.76; P = 0.107) or mortality (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 0.71–3.33; P = 0.275). Prosthetic bypass was associated with more deep surgical-site infections (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.19–3.45; P = 0.010), postoperative sepsis (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.13–3.76; P = 0.018), unplanned 30-day readmission (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04–1.58; P = 0.021), and the composite of any complication (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.18–1.61; P Conclusions Claudicants undergoing bypass experienced more systemic complications than those undergoing hybrid procedures, but there appears to be no increased risk of systemic complications or mortality with open reconstruction when compared to hybrid procedures for other indications. Other complications, such as infection, postoperative transfusion, and readmission, were more common in the bypass groups.
Topologically derived dislocation theory for twist and stretch moiré superlattices in bilayer graphene

We develop a continuum dislocation description of twist and stretch moir\'e superlattices in two-dimensional material bilayers. The continuum formulation is based on the topological constraints introduced by the periodic dislocation network associated with the moir\'e structure. The approach is based on solving analytically for the structural distortion and displacement fields that satisfy the topological constraints and that minimize the total energy. The total energy is described by both the strain energy of each individual distorted layer and a Peierls-Nabarro-like interfacial contribution arising from stacking disregistry. The dislocation core emerges naturally within the formalism as a result of the competition between the two contributions. The approach presented here captures the structure and energetics of twist and stretch moir\'e superlattices of dislocations with arbitrary direction and character, without assuming an analytical solution a priori and while accounting naturally for dislocation-dislocation image interactions. In comparisons to atomistic simulations using classical potentials, the maximum structure deviation is 6%, while the maximum line energy deviation is 0.019 eV/\AA{}. Several applications of our model are shown, including predicting the variation of structure with twist angle and describing dislocation line tension and junction energies.
Time and time again: the reincarnations of coerced sterilisation

The recently reported cases of coerced sterilisation of women at a privately operated immigration detention facility in the USA are egregious in their disregard for human dignity and professional ethics, but sadly not surprising. These abuses represent a continuation of efforts to control the reproductive capacity of women, fueled by racist and xenophobic motives. Physicians helped create and legitimise the pseudoscientific framework for the eugenics movement, which would implement forceful sterilisation as its tool of choice to eliminate undesirable traits that were thought to be biologically inherited and predominant among racial and ethnic minorities. Although state-endorsed forcible sterilisation programs have ended, incarcerated women have remained particularly vulnerable to sterilisation abuse. The intersectional vulnerabilities of racism, xenophobia and carcerality must be addressed to prevent such abuses from recurring.
Design and FEM Analysis of Navigation Grade Low Noise and High Sensitivity Capacitive MEMS Accelerometer based on SOIMUMPs Process Constraints

This paper presents the design of a single DoF capacitive MEMS accelerometer considering the commercially available microfabrication process constraints. The microfabrication process considered for the design optimization is SOIMUMPs process with silicon material and structural layer thickness of $25\ \mu\mathrm{m}$ . The performance of the MEMS accelerometer is analyzed using both analytical and finite element method (FEM) based simulations. The proposed design offers high sensitivity, low noise, and resolution of 2 mg for an input acceleration range of ±50 g. The high mechanical and capacitance sensitivity is achieved by designing the symmetric suspension beams, utilizing the maximum area on the periphery of the proof mass and gap-antigap based differential capacitance sensing. The proposed design is ready for fabrication, with performance parameters that meet the requirement of its use in navigation grade defense applications.
Comparing the Efficacy of a Nurse-Driven and a Physician-Driven Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Treatment Protocol.

Background Standardized DKA treatment could result in better overall safety and efficacy outcomes. The primary objective of this study is to validate the efficacy of an adapted nurse-driven DKA protocol compared to a physician-driven DKA protocol across the continuum of three hospital settings: the University of Colorado upon which the physician-driven protocol is based, Northern Light Eastern Maine Medical Center (NLEMMC), and Northern Light Sebasticook Valley Hospital (NLSVH). The secondary objective is to assess the safety of the adapted nurse-driven DKA protocol adapted at NLEMMC and NLSVH through determining the incidence of hypoglycemia and anion gap reopening. Patients and methods This was a retrospective, IRB-approved, multi-center study that included: patients 18 years or older who were treated with the DKA protocol at NLEMMC or NLSVH, and admitted to the emergency department between July 2015 and October 2020 with a primary diagnosis of DKA and an elevated anion gap greater than or equal to 13 mEq/L. Results A total of 90 patients from NLEMMC and 64 patients from NLSVH were included and compared to 111 patients from the University of Colorado who were included in the post protocol implementation group. There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome, time to anion gap closure, between the original University of Colorado study (10.3 hours) and the NLEMMC (10.9 hours, p = 0.420) and NLSVH (8.8 hours, p = 0.115) results presented in this study. Conclusion The standardized nurse-driven DKA treatment protocol at NLEMMC and NLSVH showed no statistical difference in time to anion gap closure compared to the University of Colorado study upon which it was based. This finding is particularly relevant to hospitals such as NLEMMC and NLSVH that lack provider resources and teams of endocrinologists required for the physician-driven DKA protocol.