cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disorders with Written Text Structure

Understanding the relationship of thought and language to an individual’s ability to produce discourse is currently at the forefront of research in cognitive psychology. Discourse theorists have attempted to integrate linguistic, psychological, and cultural research to better understand the processes involved in the production of connected thought. Theorists of text discourse consider discourse rather than isolated sentences or words to be the basic units of meaning during communication acts. A considerable amount of research has attempted to identify the cognitive processes that help an individual produce coherent text across different contexts. Unfortunately, the research investigating the means by which individuals organize representations to produce written discourse has not been as extensive as in the area of oral language. Whether the same, more, or different cognitive processes are involved in the production of written discourse, as opposed to oral discourse, cannot be established at this time due to a lack of a strong empirical research foundation. While a writer’s cognitive development has been found to have a strong correspondence with the ability to create literary patterns (Applebee, 1978), little investigation of the correlation of cognitive processing networks (see Chapter One) to text structure competence has been carried out with the population of children or adults with learning disabilities. This dearth of research is distressing when one considers the high percentage of individuals demonstrating language learning disabilities, as well as the impact of linguistic structures on the processing of discourse structures.
Entre el modernismo y el vanguardismo: las incursiones incaicas en Los heraldos negros de Vallejo

Entre los movimientos modernista y vanguardista, Los heraldos negros de Cesar Vallejo ostenta una fuerte dosis de indigenismo, pero tambien brinda elementos que evocan al antiguo Tahuantinsuyo, los cuales constituyen lo que puede llamarse incaismo. Este articulo pretende aislar algunos de los referentes indigenas de Los heraldos negros para determinar si son indigenistas (representacion sociorrealista) o incaistas (recuperacion de los incas). Se concluira definiendo el concepto indigena en Los heraldos negros.
"Here Today, Gone Tomorrow" or "Here Today, Stay a Long While": The Divergent Paths of Two Host Factors Important in Viral Infections.

Abstract Host factors are critically important in governing the susceptibility and severity of most viral infections. The importance of these host factors is governed by the prevalence of the virus and the availability of effective therapeutic and/or preventive measures. This review highlights 2 such host factors that were initially judged to be important but over time have moved in opposite directions: hepatitis C virus and the IL28B locus as well as HIV and the Δ32-CCR5 mutation (Clin Ther. 2019; XX:XXX–XXX) © 2019 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
An Examination of Relations Among Working Memory, ADHD Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation.

Emotion regulation difficulties are present in many, if not most, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and confer risk for a host of adverse outcomes. Little is known, however, regarding the neurocognitive and behavioral mechanisms that underlie these difficulties. A well-characterized, clinically evaluated sample of 145 children ages 8–13 years (M = 10.33, SD = 1.47; 55 girls; 69% White/non-Hispanic) were administered multiple, counterbalanced working memory tests and assessed for emotion dysregulation and ADHD symptoms via multiple-informant reports. Bias-corrected, bootstrapped conditional effects modeling indicated that underdeveloped working memory exerted significant direct effects on emotion regulation in all tested models as well as indirect effects on emotion regulation via parent-reported hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (95% CIs excluded zero). Interestingly, hyperactive/impulsive symptoms also predicted emotion dysregulation when controlling for the influence of working memory. Inattention failed to predict emotion regulation difficulties in all tested models (all 95% CIs included zero). This pattern of results replicated across parent and teacher models and were robust to control for mono-informant bias, age, and gender. These findings suggest that emotion dysregulation in ADHD reflects, in part, both a direct outcome of underdeveloped working memory and an affective outcome of hyperactive and/or impulsive symptomatology, both attributable to and independent of the role of underlying working memory deficits.
Integrating Culture and History to Promote Health and Help Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in American Indian/Alaska Native Communities: Traditional Foods Have Become a Way to Talk About Health.

Purpose and objectives The purpose of the Traditional Foods Project (TFP) was to implement and evaluate a community-defined set of strategies to address type 2 diabetes by focusing on traditional foods, physical activity, and social support. The TFP sought to answer 2 questions: first, how do we increase and sustain community access to traditional foods and related activities to promote health and help prevent type 2 diabetes? Second, how do we evaluate interventions across culturally and geographically diverse communities to demonstrate success? Intervention approach Public health interventions are most effective when communities integrate their own cultures and history into local programs. The food sovereignty movement among American Indians/Alaska Natives and indigenous populations globally offers ways to address public health issues such as chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. Historical, economic, social, and environmental determinants of health are critical to understanding the disease. Evaluation methods During 2008-2014, seventeen tribal TFP partners implemented locally designed interventions and collected quantitative and qualitative data in 3 domains: traditional foods, physical activity, and social support. Partners entered data into a jointly developed evaluation tool and presented additional program data at TFP meetings. Partner observations about the effect of the TFP were gathered in planned discussions. Results Quantitative results indicate collaborative community engagement and sustained interventions such as gardening, availability of healthy foods across venues, new health practices, health education, and storytelling. Qualitative results demonstrate the importance of tribally driven programs, underscoring the significance of traditional foods in relation to land, identity, food sovereignty, and food security. Implications for public health Traditional foods and food sovereignty are important areas for American Indian/Alaska Native communities to address the public health issues of chronic disease, specifically type 2 diabetes, locally and nationwide.
Effective carbon dioxide stabilization of nanofibers electrospun from raw coal tar and polyacrylonitrile

Abstract Non-fuel utilizations of coal for sustainable carbon materials production is certainly beneficial to the abatement of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Also, the technological uses of carbon dioxide are emergent to the earlier realization of the Paris Climate Agreement. This research was innovatively designed to produce carbon nanofibers from Wyoming Powder-River-Basin coal-derived supercritical extraction liquid (referred to raw coal tar) along with predetermined percentages of polyacrylonitrile by electrospinning, fiber stabilization with carbon dioxide, and subsequent carbonization treatment. The effects of raw coal tar additives to polyacrylonitrile nanofibers regarding the structural, textural and surface properties were investigated. Attenuated total reflection and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform analyses reveal the difference in the dynamic evolution pathways of surface functional groups during the state-of-the-art oxygen-based and the new carbon dioxide-based fiber stabilization processes. In terms of mechanical properties, raw coal tar modifications give significant rise to the tensile strength of annealed polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, regardless of oxidative stabilization options. Additionally, the synergy of raw coal tar containing (30 wt %) polymeric precursor and carbon dioxide stabilization produces carbon nanofibers with a superior area-normalized electric double-layer capacitance of 1408.9 μF/cm2, which is approximately 4 times higher than the oxygen-stabilized pure polyacrylonitrile-derived ones.
Alcelaphus buselaphus (Red, Selborne’s hartebeest)

Skin biopsies of one male and three female animals (courtesy Dr. Heinz Heck, Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, New York, USA) were studied. The animals are Southwest African. The female whose karyotype is depicted here was identified as Selborne’s hartebeest. The first female studied (Wurster and Benirschke, 1967) had 39 chromosomes with 16 acrocentric and 21 metacentric autosomes. In the other females and the male the preponderance of cells contain 40 elements, but some with 39 elements (tissue culture induced centric fusion ?) exist also. A Robertsonian system thus exists in this species. The male shown here is prepared with trypsin-G-banding technique. C-banding shows two centrameric blocks in three pairs of large metacentric elements, one block in the other metacentrics and one in all acrocentrics. The X is the largest acrocentric by morphology and by autoradiography of female cells, and the Y is a small acrocentric which can be identified with certainty only by G-banding.
Muscle memory: myonuclear accretion, maintenance, morphology, and miRNA levels with training and detraining in adult mice.

BACKGROUND In the context of mass regulation, 'muscle memory' can be defined as long-lasting cellular adaptations to hypertrophic exercise training that persist during detraining-induced atrophy and may facilitate future adaptation. The cellular basis of muscle memory is not clearly defined but may be related to myonuclear number and/or epigenetic changes within muscle fibres. METHODS Utilizing progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR), a novel murine exercise training model, we explored myonuclear dynamics and skeletal muscle miRNA levels with training and detraining utilizing immunohistochemistry, single fibre myonuclear analysis, and quantitative analysis of miRNAs. We also used a genetically inducible mouse model of fluorescent myonuclear labelling to study myonuclear adaptations early during exercise. RESULTS In the soleus, oxidative type 2a fibres were larger after 2 months of PoWeR (P = 0.02), but muscle fibre size and myonuclear number did not return to untrained levels after 6 months of detraining. Soleus type 1 fibres were not larger after PoWeR but had significantly more myonuclei, as well as central nuclei (P < 0.0001), the latter from satellite cell-derived or resident myonuclei, appearing early during training and remaining with detraining. In the gastrocnemius muscle, oxidative type 2a fibres of the deep region were larger and contained more myonuclei after PoWeR (P < 0.003), both of which returned to untrained levels after detraining. In the gastrocnemius and plantaris, two muscles where myonuclear number was comparable with untrained levels after 6 months of detraining, myonuclei were significantly elongated with detraining (P < 0.0001). In the gastrocnemius, miR-1 was lower with training and remained lower after detraining (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study found that (i) myonuclei gained during hypertrophy are lost with detraining across muscles, even in oxidative fibres; (ii) complete reversal of muscle adaptations, including myonuclear number, to untrained levels occurs within 6 months in the plantaris and gastrocnemius; (iii) the murine soleus is resistant to detraining; (iv) myonuclear accretion occurs early with wheel running and can be uncoupled from muscle fibre hypertrophy; (v) resident (non-satellite cell-derived) myonuclei can adopt a central location; (vi) myonuclei change shape with training and detraining; and (vii) miR-1 levels may reflect a memory of previous adaptation that facilitates future growth.
Dynamics of moisture diffusivity in solid triacylglycerol matrices

Abstract The effects of lipid formulation in combination with two crystallization conditions, shearing and non-shearing, on the mechanism of water diffusivity were investigated. Five formulations of lipid which varied in fatty acid compositions, solid fat particles, and emulsifier levels were assessed at 5, 20, and 30 °C. Polarized light microscopy was used to study microstructural properties of the samples under dynamic and static conditions; and their moisture permeability was examined using gravimetric technique (ASTM E-96). All formulations and crystallization techniques were confirmed to have a large impact on the crystallization properties and dynamics of moisture migration. Dynamic crystallized samples showed altered structures with different patterns of crystalline clusters. Different values of water diffusivity suggested that shearing affected moisture diffusivity of the samples differently. This effect of shearing was more pronounced in the presence of lecithin. A higher migration rate was observed in sheared samples that contained higher amount of long chain saturated fatty acids.
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis in a Pediatric Male.

Significant eosinophilia is a prominent feature in Churg-Strauss syndrome but has not been described in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in a pediatric patient. We present a biopsy case that confirmed granulomatosis with polyangiitis with significant eosinophilia > 30% on the initial presentation. Etiologies that could account for eosinophilia were excluded during workup. The patient's presentation of pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage, conjunctivitis arthritis, high-titer cytoplasmic antineutrophil, PR3-ANCA antibodies, and cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA) was consistent with a clinical picture of atypical GPA in a pediatric patient. This case presents a rare opportunity not only due to GPA's low incidence in the pediatric population but due to the unusual nature of significant eosinophilia in GPA.
Why Organizations Fail to Reflect on Experiences: Insights From a Causal Loop Diagram of Reflection on Experience

We apply a system dynamics approach to develop the first literature-based causal loop diagram of systematic reflective practices in organizations. This article captures the underlying feedback mechanisms involved in the process of reflection on experience in organizational settings. It identifies the drivers and obstacles to reflective practices that impact learning and performance in organizations. Past studies have highlighted the significant impact of “reflection on experience” on learning and performance and consider it to be a critical best practice in organizations. However, no studies have addressed the underlying mechanisms of the processes of reflection on experience and why organizations fail to sustain reflection. Organizations have failed in realizing the immense latent potential of these practices due to a lack of a deep understanding of reflective practices. Our article aims to enhance understanding of the system-level mechanisms that cause failures in using reflection on experience. The mechanisms that reinforce or impede the practice of reflection on experience, mapped in our causal loop diagram, can be used as a roadmap to enhance organizations' learning and performance outcomes by systematically improving and increasing reflective practices. We provide multiple insights into the reasons why many organizations fail to sustain reflection and offer recommendations for practitioners.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of group A rotavirus circulating in Shanxi Province, China during 2015–2019

Group A rotavirus (RVA), despite being a leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children, is less studied in Shanxi Province, China. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic characterization of RVA in hospitalized children younger than 10 years of age with the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis in Shanxi Province, China. A hospital-based active surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis was conducted at Children’s Hospital of Shanxi from Jan 1, 2015, through Dec 31, 2019. Rotavirus was detected in stool samples by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). G- and P-genotypes were determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. A total of 961 children younger than 10 years of age was enrolled over the study period, of whom 183 (19.0%) were positive for RVA. The highest RVA-infection frequency (23.7%) was found among children aged 12–23 months, and the seasonal peak was in December. G9P[8] was most prevalent (76.0%), followed by G3P[8] (7.1%), G2P[4] (3.3%), G1P[8] (0.5%) and G9P[4] (0.5%). These results report for the first time that RVA was one of the main causes of severe infectious gastroenteritis in children, and a high proportion of G9P[8] strains circulating in most areas of Shanxi Province. While the protective efficacy of the rotavirus vaccines has been demonstrated against G9P[8] strains, our results highlight that the dominant strains have not been effectively controlled in China.
Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and high-density polyethylene for improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis liquid

Abstract The overall goal of this research was to study the effects of temperature and pine-to-HDPE ratios on the pyrolysis products. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of pine and HDPE was carried out in a double-column staged reactor, wherein the temperature was varied as 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for each pine/HDPE ratio of 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100/0. Thermal cracking of the feedstock is initiated at the first column, and the zeolitic-based ZSM-5 catalyst offered secondary cracking at a catalyst-to-feedstock ratio of 1:1 in the second column of the reactor. Catalytic pyrolysis of HDPE produced 31 wt% pyrolysis oil (40 MJ/kg calorific value) with a selectivity of above 90% toward gasoline-range hydrocarbons at 500 °C. Comparatively, pine offered 26.3% wt.% pyrolysis liquid yield with 7.9% dark pyrolysis oil (30 MJ/kg calorific value) that has a gasoline selectivity of 69.3%. Thus, the addition of HDPE increased the gasoline selectivity by increasing the hydrogen/carbon effective (H/Ceff) ratio. At pine/HDPE ratio of 25/75, the pyrolysis oil content was 22.5% at 500 °C, which is 3 times more than that of pine pyrolysis. The optimum yield and higher gasoline selectivity were observed at 500 °C for 0/100 and 25/75 pine to HDPE ratios.
Bianisotropic Characterization of Mestasurfaces with Plasmon-Enhanced Nonlinearity

Bianisotropic characterization of plasmon-enhanced Kerr-nonlinearity is developed. An equivalent homogeneous film with effective nonlinear parameters (n 2 and α) can be employed to substitute for the plasmonic metasurface with enhanced nonlinearity and reduce simulation complexity.
The Role of Ideology in State Legislative Elections

In this article, I examine the effect of incumbent ideology on elections in 45 state legislatures, showing that ideological extremists are more likely to be opposed in the general election than are moderates and that extremists tend to do worse in challenged elections than moderates do. I also explore the intervening role of legislative professionalism, finding that in the majority of state legislatures moderation is rewarded, though in the most professionalized legislatures, incumbents are actually rewarded for extremism. These results show that despite the informational disadvantage of the electorate, the ideology of state legislators is an important factor in elections.
Northern Aboriginal Events as Tourist Attractions: Traditional Cree Gatherings in Northern Quebec

In the past twenty years, following a period of rapid modernization, most of the nine Cree communities of northern Quebec have begun returning to their former village sites for local summer festivals lasting a week or more. These "traditional gatherings" serve multiple purposes for local residents, allowing elders and middle-aged residents to return to places where they grew up or raised their children, fostering a greater sense of community and allowing participants to reconnect with their cultural heritage through traditional activities and foods. A few tourists also spend time at the gatherings, although the events have not become major attractions for reasons ranging from distance to lack of awareness and marketing. This article considers the viability and challenges of developing Cree gatherings as tourist attractions based on preliminary research conducted at two such gatherings in 2007, and on interviews and conversations with regional and local tourism officials. The article concludes that the gatherings do hold potential for tourism development, but that many factors must first be considered, including how increased numbers of visitors could affect the original community-based purposes of these events. More research is needed to fully understand how residents feel about the benefits and impacts of attracting more visitors to the gatherings, which were created to fulfill community cultural, historical, social, and recreational needs.
Dynamic regulation of the extracellular matrix after mechanical unloading of the failing human heart: recovering the missing link in left ventricular remodeling.

One of the most exciting scientific challenges that faces investigators in the field of heart failure today is to unravel the mechanisms that are responsible for preventing and/or reversing the process of left ventricular (LV) remodeling (dilation) in the failing heart. Given that LV remodeling may contribute to disease progression in heart failure1 and that all drugs that have been shown to exert beneficial effects on mortality in patients with heart failure also favorably impact the remodeling process,2–4 it is likely that the quest to identify the mechanisms responsible for reversing LV remodeling will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure. Thus far, clinical studies with β-blockers and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have consistently shown that these 2 treatment modalities allow the heart to become smaller and to assume a more normal prolate ellipsoid geometry,2,5 thus increasing the mechanical efficiency of the heart.2 However, it is not at all intuitively obvious how or why this occurs. Moreover, although considerable research time and effort has (justifiably) been expended on understanding the basic mechanisms that promote LV dilation, it is not clear that a simple reversal of these same mechanisms will allow the heart to revert back to its normal size and shape. Thus, our understanding of the mechanisms that are responsible for the regression of LV remodeling remains far from complete. See p 1147 The clinical experience with LVADs has yielded a number of unique insights into the mechanisms of the LV remodeling, the most notable of which have clustered around the important changes that occur in the biology of the failing human cardiac myocyte. Studies performed with clinical material obtained before and after LVAD support have demonstrated favorable changes in myocyte structure (decreased size, decreased myocytolysis) and function …
Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (1868–1963)

This essay presents a brief survey of W. E. B. Du Bois' (1868–1963) long life and prolific scholarship. It includes details of his education, travel, and changing political opinions. A selection of his many publications is discussed and there are some speculations about the intellectual influences from both Europe and North America that guided his thinking. His career inside and outside the academy is considered along with his continuing impact on scholarly writing in the social sciences and the humanities.
Comparison of Global 21 cm Velocity Profiles with Hα Rotation Curves

21 cm profiles are compared with high resolution long slit Hα spectra. Asymmetries in intensity and velocity gradient in the spectra are apparent in the global profiles. When measured at 0.5 of peak intensity, the 21cm profile width and optical rotation curve match best.
Prewhitened blind source separation with orthogonality constraints

Developments in self-stabilized algorithms for gradient adaptation of orthonormal matrices have resulted in simple but powerful principal and minor subspace analysis methods. We extend these ideas to develop algorithms for instantaneous prewhitened blind separation of homogeneous signal mixtures. Our algorithms are proven to be self-stabilizing to the Stiefel (1935, 1936) manifold of orthonormal matrices, such that the rows of the adaptive demixing matrix do not need to be periodically re-orthonormalized. Several algorithm forms are developed, including those that are equivariant with respect to the prewhitened mixing matrix. Simulations verify the excellent numerical properties of the proposed methods for blind source separation.
Couple therapy and spirituality and religion state of the art

Abstract The current state of the art of the integration of couple therapy with spirituality and religion is presented. Each of three waves of this integration identified in this article have seen an increase in the literature in this area, although only a limited amount in each wave has addressed couple therapy specifically. In the first wave, from 1990–1994, articles set forth arguments for why spirituality should be integrated in therapy. During the second wave, 1995–1999, publications focused on the ways that including spirituality in therapy can enhance as well as harm the therapeutic process. In the third wave, 2000-present, attention has shifted away from whether to include spirituality to how it should be included, and the literature of this period features many practical interventions and suggested guidelines for integrating spirituality and religion into therapy and training. The article concludes with recommendations for further developing the integration of spirituality and religion into coupl...
On play by means of computing machines

This paper examines the 'bounded rationality" inherent in play by means of computing machines. The main example is the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma game which is discussed under different models. The game is played by Turing machines with restricted number of internal states using unlimited time and space. The observations in this paper strongly suggest that the cooperative outcome of the game can be approximated in equilibrium. Thus, the cooperative play can be approximated even if the machines memorize the entire history of the game and are capable of counting the number of stages.
Design, implementation and evaluation of a VLSI high speed array processor for real-time image processing morphology operations

The author describes the design, implementation, and operation of a prototype application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) VLSI chip designed for image processing applications. The chip is part of a project to design and build a custom imaging board to perform real-time morphological operations running on general purpose workstations and personal computers. The custom imaging board also consists of an ASIC chip that performs histogram stretching applications. The architecture of the chip consists of a processor array structure with local memory to perform the mathematical operations needed on the image, and a parallel comparator tree to produce the results requested on the image. >
Cognitive and functional status predictors of delirium and delirium severity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: an interim analysis of the Neuropsychiatric Outcomes After Heart Surgery study.

Background: Cognitive and functional impairment increase risk for post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery delirium (PCD), but how much impairment is necessary to increase PCD risk remains unclear. Methods: The Neuropsychiatric Outcomes After Heart Surgery (NOAHS) study is a prospective, observational cohort study of participants undergoing elective CABG surgery. Pre-operative cognitive and functional status based on Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale and neuropsychological battery are assessed. We defined mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on either (1) CDR global score 0.5 (CDR-MCI) or (2) performance 1.5 SD below population means on any cognitive domain on neurocognitive battery (MCI-NC). Delirium was assessed daily post-operative day 2 through discharge using the confusion assessment method (CAM) and delirium index (DI). We investigate whether MCI – either definition – predicts delirium or delirium severity. Results: So far we have assessed 102 participants (mean age 65.1 ± 9; male: 75%) for PCD. Twenty six participants (25%) have MCI-CDR; 38 (62% of those completing neurocognitive testing) met MCI-NC criteria. Fourteen participants (14%) developed PCD. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, and education, MCI-CDR, MMSE, and Lawton IADL score predicted PCD on logistic regression (OR: 5.6, 0.6, and 1.5, respectively); MCI-NC did not (OR [95% CI]: 11.8 [0.9, 151.4]). Using similarly adjusted linear regression, MCI-CDR, MCI-NC, CDR sum of boxes, MMSE, and Lawton IADL score predicted delirium severity (adjusted R2: 0.26, 0.13, 0.21, 0.18, and 0.32, respectively). Conclusions: MCI predicts post-operative delirium and delirium severity, but MCI definition alters these relationships. Cognitive and functional impairment independently predict post-operative delirium and delirium severity.
International Supply Chain Management

Effective supply chain management increasingly depends on information technology. Many of these technologies are relevant for both domestic and international supply chains, and many of these are discussed in other chapters of this book. Our focus is on international supply chain management. Information technologies that are unique to international trade draw on a complex and extensive array of regulations. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introductory primer for understanding what underlies these technologies and, more important, for a firm considering a shift from supply chains that are largely domestic in scope to a broader international orientation. Although we briefly discuss software specific to international supply chains, most of our discussion pertains to laws, service providers, and ways of doing business that any firm must understand to take advantage of opportunities for international buying and selling. We also provide references and links to more detailed information. Keywords: customs brokers; foreign trade zones (FTZs); harmonized tariff schedule (HTS); import bond; international commercial terms; supply chain management; third party logistics
Function Spaces and Continuous Algebraic Pairings for Varieties

Given a quasi-projective complex variety X and a projective variety Y, one may endow the set of morphisms, Mor(X, Y), from X to Y with the natural structure of a topological space. We introduce a convenient technique (namely, the notion of a functor on the category of 'smooth curves') for studying these function complexes and for forming continuous pairings of such. Building on this technique, we establish several results, including (1) the existence of cap and join product pairings in topological cycle theory; (2) the agreement of cup product and intersection product for topological cycle theory; (3) the agreement of the motivic cohomology cup product with morphic cohomology cup product; and (4) the Whitney sum formula for the Chern classes in morphic cohomology of vector bundles.
Generalized and efficient algorithm for computing multipole energies and gradients based on Cartesian tensors

Accurate representation of intermolecular forces has been the central task of classical atomic simulations, known as molecular mechanics. Recent advancements in molecular mechanics models have put forward the explicit representation of permanent and/or induced electric multipole (EMP) moments. The formulas developed so far to calculate EMP interactions tend to have complicated expressions, especially in Cartesian coordinates, which can only be applied to a specific kernel potential function. For example, one needs to develop a new formula each time a new kernel function is encountered. The complication of these formalisms arises from an intriguing and yet obscured mathematical relation between the kernel functions and the gradient operators. Here, I uncover this relation via rigorous derivation and find that the formula to calculate EMP interactions is basically invariant to the potential kernel functions as long as they are of the form f(r), i.e., any Green’s function that depends on inter-particle distance. I provide an algorithm for efficient evaluation of EMP interaction energies, forces, and torques for any kernel f(r) up to any arbitrary rank of EMP moments in Cartesian coordinates. The working equations of this algorithm are essentially the same for any kernel f(r). Recently, a few recursive algorithms were proposed to calculate EMP interactions. Depending on the kernel functions, the algorithm here is about 4–16 times faster than these algorithms in terms of the required number of floating point operations and is much more memory efficient. I show that it is even faster than a theoretically ideal recursion scheme, i.e., one that requires 1 floating point multiplication and 1 addition per recursion step. This algorithm has a compact vector-based expression that is optimal for computer programming. The Cartesian nature of this algorithm makes it fit easily into modern molecular simulation packages as compared with spherical coordinate-based algorithms. A software library based on this algorithm has been implemented in C++11 and has been released.
Fire use and prevention by traditional households in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract Fire is an important land management tool for smallholders in the Brazilian Amazon. However, when fires are not properly controlled they can give rise to large-scale wildfires that threaten forests, agricultural plantations, and settlement areas. We use data from a survey of 220 households to examine fire prevention and the scale of fire prevention and burning activities among traditional subsistence households in the Tapajos National Forest in Para, Brazil. We find that in traditional households, economic variables such as the opportunity cost of household time, market conditions, and the hiring wage are important predictors of these decisions, as is household reliance on standing forest resources for non-timber products. Our results confirm that traditional households actively engage in fire prevention, and suggest that fire prevention is motivated by a desire to protect agricultural plantations as well as standing forest reserves. The results suggest that increased income, improved infrastructure, and improved access to markets for labor and agricultural goods will encourage fire prevention among smallholders in communities with education and planning programs.
Coronary artery reperfusion: Early effects on coronary hemodynamics

Since cardiac failure in acute myocardial infarction most likely results from a large myocardial infarct (1, 2), several experimental approaches to effectively decrease the size of the developing infarct (3–9) have been made. In general, these approaches either decrease myocardial oxygen demand relative to supply or enhance anaerobic metabolism. A more direct approach would increase oxygen supply by restoring blood flow beyond the site of obstruction, i.e., coronary artery reperfusion. When coronary reperfusion was established within 3 hours of occlusion, significant myocardial tissue was salvaged and impaired left ventricular function was reversed (10, 11). These studies assume that since the coronary vascular bed is usually anatomically patent beyond the site of obstruction (12, 13) the coronary vascular bed has maintained the same capability to carry flow at all times. But evidence from other vascular beds shows that when occlusion is of sufficient duration, functional changes may occur which can impair the ability of the vascular bed to maintain flow when reperfusion is instituted (14). Accordingly, we sought to determine whether the duration of ischemia can alter the functional capacity of the coronary vascular bed at the time of reperfusion.
Phospholipase B activity in congenitally athymic (nude) mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.

The effects of an infection with 200Trichinella spiralis larvae on the intestinal phospholipase B activity and bone marrow eosinophilia of congenitally athymic (nude) mice (BALB/c; NU/NU) were studied. Nude mice were used since it had been shown that they do not undergo a typical worm expulsion and also they lack a thymus. The results showed that nude mice do not develop either an increased bone marrow eosinophilia or an elevation in intestinal phospholipase B activity. The findings thus support the hypothesis that phospholipase B is involved in the expulsion of parasitic worms and that elevated enzyme levels and expulsion are thymus cell dependent.
Inferring neural connectivity via measured delay in directed information estimates

Directed information between two neural signals has previously been used to successfully determine if there is a synapse connecting one neuron to the other. However, there are situations in which the directed information method leads to false positives for detecting connections due to the influence of a third neuron. We propose a method that accounts for these cases using the delay-profile of the causally-conditioned entropy rate to find a measured delay range and its intersection with a connection-based delay range. Through simulations in NEURON, we show how this method outperforms connectivity inference based on directed information alone.
The risk of infant and fetal death by each additional week of expectant management in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy by gestational age

Objective The objective of the study was to characterize the risk of infant and fetal death by each additional week of expectant management vs immediate delivery in pregnancies complicated by cholestasis. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of 1,604,386 singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies of women between 34 and 40 weeks' gestation with and without intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in the state of California during the years of 2005-2008. International Classification of Diseases , 9th version, codes and linked hospital discharge and vital statistics data were utilized. For each week of gestation, the following outcomes were assessed: the risk of stillbirth, the risk of delivery (represented by the risk of infant death at a given week of gestation), and the composite risk of expectant management for 1 additional week. Composite risk combines the risk of stillbirth at this gestational age week plus the risk of infant death if delivered at the subsequent week of gestation. Results Among women with ICP, the mortality risk of delivery is lower than the risk of expectant management at 36 weeks' gestation (4.7 vs 19.2 per 10,000). The risk of expectant management remains higher than delivery and continues to rise by week of gestation beyond 36 weeks. The risk of expectant management in women with ICP reaches a nadir at 35 weeks (9.1 per 10,000; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–16.9) and rises at 36 weeks (19.2 per 10,000; 95% confidence interval, 7.6–30.8). Conclusion Among women with ICP, delivery at 36 weeks' gestation would reduce the perinatal mortality risk as compared with expectant management. For later diagnoses, this would also be true at gestational ages beyond 36 weeks. Timing of delivery must take into account both the reduction in stillbirth risk balanced with the morbidities associated with preterm delivery.
X-ray scattering studies of orientation in channel flows of a lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer

A lyotropic solution of hydroxypropylcellulose in m-cresol has been studied in channel flows containing inhomogeneous shearing kinematics (planar Poiseuille), or mixed shearing and extensional kinematics (slit-contractions and expansions). We have used X-ray scattering as a probe of orientation, to test and extend previous birefringence measurements in the same system [Bedford BD, Burghardt WR. J Rheol 1996;40:235]. Orientation changes dramatically in contraction and expansion regions, which cannot be explained by changes in superficial velocity alone. Calculations using Ericksen's Transversely Isotropic Fluid model show that the addition of a modest amount of extension to otherwise shearing kinematics can influence alignment by perturbing tumbling orbits either into or out of the shear plane, in addition to inducing a transition from tumbling to flow aligning behavior. Away from the centerline, orientation is rotated away from the downstream direction, presumably due to streamline bending near the contraction and expansion. However, the degree of rotation is different in contraction and expansion flows.
Satellite Microwave remote sensing of contrasting surface water inundation changes within the Arctic-Boreal Region

Abstract Surface water inundation in the Arctic–Boreal region is dynamic and strongly influences land-atmosphere water, energy and carbon (CO 2 , CH 4 ) fluxes, and potential feedbacks to climate change. Here we report on recent (2003–2010) surface inundation patterns across the Arctic–Boreal region (≥ 50°N) and within major permafrost (PF) zones detected using satellite passive microwave remote sensing retrievals of daily fractional open water ( Fw ) cover from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E). The AMSR-E Fw (25-km resolution) maps reflect strong microwave sensitivity to sub-grid scale open water variability and compare favorably (0.71 ≤ R 2 ≤ 0.84) with alternative, static Fw maps derived from finer scale (30-m to 250-m resolution) Landsat, MODIS and SRTM radar (MOD44W) data. The AMSR-E retrievals show dynamic seasonal and annual variability in surface inundation that is unresolved in the static Fw maps. The AMSR-E Fw record also corresponds strongly (0.71 ≤ R ≤ 0.87) with regional wet/dry cycles inferred from basin discharge records. An AMSR-E algorithm sensitivity analysis shows a conservative estimate of Fw retrieval uncertainty (RMSE) within ± 4.1% for effective resolution of regional inundation patterns and seasonal to annual variability. A regional trend analysis of the 8-year AMSR-E record shows no significant Arctic–Boreal region wide Fw trend for the period, and instead reveals contrasting inundation changes within different PF zones. Widespread Fw wetting is detected within continuous (92% of grid cells with significant trend; p Fw drying trends. These results are consistent with previous studies showing evidence of contrasting regional inundation patterns linked to PF degradation and associated changes to surface hydrology under recent climate warming.
Field traps for monitoring insect flights

Three sizes of insect traps not dependent on electricity from power lines are described. Yellow painted baffles are used to attract green peach aphids. A timing mechanism, carriage with containers, and a concentration funnel permit collection of insects for predetermined time periods. A physical count of insects caught in each container gives the time period and magnitude of flight.
Biochemical localization and characterization of bombesin-like peptides in discrete regions of rat brain

A radioimmunoassay using an antiserum which recognizes the C-terminal of bombesin was used to determine the regional distribution of bombesin-like peptides in discrete regions of rat brain. The concentration of endogenous bombesin-like peptides was 30-fold greater in high (substantia gelationsa trigemini, nucleus tractus solitarius, interpeduncular nucleus and arcuate nucleus) than low regions (caudate, hippocampus and cingulate cortex). When brain extracts were fractionated using high pressure liquid chromatography techniques two major peaks of immunoreactivity were obtained, the more hydrophobic peptide coeluted with synthetic bombesin. It is concluded that the current evidence supports the contention that bombesin may be a neuroactive peptide in the brain.
A fractal analysis of pathogen detection by biosensors

A fractal analysis is presented for the detection of pathogens such as Franscisela tularensis, Yersinia pestis (the bacterium that causes plague), Bacillus anthracis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus, Vavcinia virus, and Escherichia coli using a cellular analysis and notification of antigens risks and yields (CANARY) biosensor [T.H. Rider, M.S. Petrovic, F.E. Nargi, J.D Harper, E.D. Schwoebel, R.H. Mathews, D.J. Blanchard, L.T Bortolin, A.M. Young, J. Chen, M.A. Hollis, A cell-based sensor for rapid identification of pathogens, Science 301 (2003, 11 July) 213-215, T.H. Rider, M.S. Petrovic, F.E. Nargi, J.D. Harper, E.D. Schwoebel, R.H. Mathews, D.J. Blanchard, L.T. Bortolin, A.M. Young, J. Chen, M.A. Hollis, A cell-based sensor for rapid identification of pathogens, Science 301 (2003, 11 July) 213-215. Science Online, www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/031/5630/213/DC1]. In general, the binding and dissociation rate coefficients may be adequately described by either a single- or a dual-fractal analysis. An attempt is made to relate the binding rate coefficient to the degree of heterogeneity (fractal dimension value) present on the biosensor surface. Binding and dissociation rate coefficient values obtained are presented. Due to the dilute nature of the analyte(s) present, in some cases, a triple-fractal analysis is required to adequately describe the binding kinetics. It should be noted, and this is not entirely unexpected, that there is a lot of variation in the original experimental data when dilute concentrations of the analyte were analyzed by the CANARY biosensor [T.H. Rider, M.S. Petrovic, F.E. Nargi, J.D Harper, E.D. Schwoebel, R.H. Mathews, D.J. Blanchard, L.T Bortolin, A.M. Young, J. Chen, M.A. Hollis, A cell-based sensor for rapid identification of pathogens, Science 301 (2003, 11 July) 213-215, Science Online, www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/031/5630/213/DC1]. The data analyzed in this manuscript appears smoother since only discrete points at different time intervals were analyzed. The kinetics aspects along with the affinity values presented are of interest and should along with the rate coefficients presented for the binding and the dissociation phase be of significant interest in help designing better biosensors for an application area that is bound to gain increasing importance in the future.
Low Testosterone at Time of Transplantation is Independently Associated with Poor Patient and Graft Survival in Male Renal Transplant Recipients

Purpose: Low testosterone is common in men with renal disease and it increases the risk of death in those on dialysis. We studied serum testosterone at transplantation and correlated it with patient and graft outcomes.Materials and Methods: We identified serum samples collected and frozen at the time of transplantation in male recipients of primary kidney transplants done more than 6 years ago at our institution. In 197 recipients there was sufficient serum to determine total testosterone. We analyzed contingency outcomes by the Fisher exact test, continuous values by the Student t-test and survival by the Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test.Results: Mean patient age was 48.9 years (range 14 to 75). There were 100 living and 97 cadaveric donors, and 53 recipients (27%) had diabetes. Mean ± SD serum testosterone was 477 ± 251.3 ng/dl (range 48 to 2,013). Testosterone was low (less than 220 ng/dl) in 24 patients. Age did not correlate with testosterone. Low testosterone recipients had worse 1-year patient survival ...
Revenue Management in Hotels

In hotel industry, the goal of revenue management is to maximize the revenue by forecasting the future demand based on the current and past reservation data. This paper explores revenue management,...