cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dinuclear excited-state complexes from UV laser excitation of aqueous ammonia, methylamine, and ethylamine copper(I) complexes

Abstract The temporal and spectral behavior of ammonia, methylamine, and ethylamine copper(I) complexes in aqueous solutions at 1 M ionic strength were probed using 266-nm laser flash photolysis on the nanosecond time-scale. Since stability constants and UV spectra for the ground state systems are needed to understand this behavior, these had to be determined for the methylamine and ethylamine complexes, and are reported here for the first time. The stepwise stability constants are 0.067±0.007 and 0.040±0.004 for the tris(methylamine) and tris(ethylamine) complexes, respectively. Moreover, in order to know the activities of the two amines in the unit ionic strength solutions, it was also necessary to measure their Henry's law constants, and these are 5.002 and 7.987 Torr M−1, respectively. In each of the three systems an intermediate forms monophotonically, which absorbs in the 370–390-nm region, with a shoulder or weaker band at 420–430 nm, and a weaker, broad band at 550 nm. These species have been characterized as dinuclear triplet state complexes because their first-order decay lifetimes increase with copper(I) concentration, consistent with the quasi-equilibria, 3CuA2++CuA2+=3Cu2A4+ (an excimer) or 3CuA3++CuA2+=3Cu2A5+ (an exciplex) in concert with the decay of the monomeric triplet species, 3CuA2+ and 3CuA3+, via delayed electron ejection. Thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the dinuclear excited state complexes increase for the ligand series: ammonia
Recent developments in a wind tunnel magnetic balance.

A functional description of a prototype six component magnetic balance system for wind tunnel application is presented. The relationship of forces and moments on a ferromagnetic body to applied magnetic fields and gradients is shown. The method of producing the required fields in the prototype balance, its magnet arrangement and its performance are discussed. Aerodynamic data obtained with this balance on several model geometries are presented and compared with wind tunnel and ballistic range results.
Selected Vitamin Contents and Retentions in Bison Patties as Related to Cooking Method

Contents and retentions of selected vitamins in broiled and grilled bison patties from four producers were determined. Mean vitamin contents of uncooked bison patties were (per 100 g wet weight): 0.038 mg thiamin, 0.220 mg vitamin B-6, 1.457μg vitamin B-12, and 0.286 mg vitamin E; no differences were observed among producers. Differences were found (P<0.05) among producers for vitamins B-6, B-12, and E (broiled only), but not for thiamin contents of cooked bison patties. The mean retention values in cooked patties were: 68.9% thiamin; 67.5% vitamin B-6; 67.0% vitamin B-12; and 76.1% vitamin E. Bison patties are rich sources of vitamin B-12 and good sources of vitamin B-6.
Scalable nonblocking concurrent objects for mission critical code

The high degree of complexity and autonomy of future robotic space missions, such as Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), poses serious challenges in assuring their reliability and efficiency. Providing fast and safe concurrent synchronization is of critical importance to such autonomous embedded software systems. The application of nonblocking synchronization is known to help eliminate the hazards of deadlock, livelock, and priority inversion. The nonblocking programming techniques are notoriously difficult to implement and offer a variety of semantic guarantees and usability and performance trade-offs. The present software development and certification methodologies applied at NASA do not reach the level of detail of providing guidelines for the design of concurrent software. The complex task of engineering reliable and efficient concurrent synchronization is left to the programmer's ingenuity. A number of Software Transactional Memory (STM) approaches gained wide popularity because of their easy to apply interfaces, but currently fail to offer scalable nonblocking transactions. In this work we provide an in-depth analysis of the nonblocking synchronization semantics and their applicability in mission critical code. We describe a generic implementation of a methodology for scalable implementation of concurrent objects. Our performance evaluation demonstrates that our approach is practical and outperforms the application of nonblocking transactions by a large factor. In addition, we apply our Descriptor-based approach to provide a solution to the fundamental ABA problem. Our ABA prevention scheme, called the lambda-delta approach, outperforms by a large factor the use of garbage collection for the safe management of each shared location. It offers speeds comparable to the application of the architecture-specific CAS2 instruction used for version counting. The lambda-delta approach is an ABA prevention technique based on classification of concurrent operations and 3-step execution of a Descriptor object. A practical alternative to the application of CAS2 is particularly important for the engineering of embedded systems.
Collaborative Regulation of Escherichia coli Glutamate-Dependent Acid Resistance by Two AraC-Like Regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW)

An important feature of Escherichia coli pathogenesis is an ability to withstand extremely acidic environments of pH 2 or lower. This acid resistance property contributes to the low infectious dose of pathogenic E. coli species. One very efficient E. coli acid resistance system encompasses two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (gadA and gadB) and a putative glutamate:γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) antiporter (gadC). The system is subject to complex controls that vary with growth media, growth phase, and growth pH. Previous work has revealed that the system is controlled by two sigma factors, two negative regulators (cyclic AMP receptor protein [CRP] and H-NS), and an AraC-like regulator called GadX. Earlier evidence suggested that the GadX protein acts both as a positive and negative regulator of the gadA and gadBC genes depending on environmental conditions. New data clarify this finding, revealing a collaborative regulation between GadX and another AraC-like regulator called GadW (previously YhiW). GadX and GadW are DNA binding proteins that form homodimers in vivo and are 42% homologous to each other. GadX activates expression of gadA and gadBC at any pH, while GadW inhibits GadX-dependent activation. Regulation of gadA and gadBC by either regulator requires an upstream, 20-bp GAD box sequence. Northern blot analysis further indicates that GadW represses expression of gadX. The results suggest a control circuit whereby GadW interacts with both the gadA and gadX promoters. GadW clearly represses gadX and, in situations where GadX is missing, activates gadA and gadBC. GadX, however, activates only gadA and gadBC expression. CRP also represses gadX expression. It does this primarily by repressing production of sigma S, the sigma factor responsible for gadX expression. In fact, the acid induction of gadA and gadBC observed when rich-medium cultures enter stationary phase corresponds to the acid induction of sigma S production. These complex control circuits impose tight rein over expression of the gadA and gadBC system yet provide flexibility for inducing acid resistance under many conditions that presage acid stress.
Studies on the small particle complement-fixing antigen of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

SummaryThe so-called small particle CF-antigen fraction, free of infectious virus particles and larger components, was prepared by centrifugation from bovine tongue epithelium infected with FMDV, type A, strain 119. The CF activity of this fraction was stable through the pH range of 5.25 to 10.5, withstood heating for 30 minutes at 60°C, and was resistant to the action of proteolytic and nucleolytic enzymes. It was precipitated by dialysis and by ammonium sulfate, ethanol, and acetone. Diethyl amino ethyl cellulose and calcium phosphate columns prepared at different ionic strengths were used in chromatographic purification. The small particle CF-antigen displays the properties of a euglobulin and is appreciably more stable than the large infective particle with which it is associated.
Dynamic distributed constraint reasoning

What local action can agents take, without the benefit of global knowledge, to produce the best global solution? Many dynamic distributed systems can be modeled using techniques from distributed constraint reasoning, however, existing work in the distributed constraint reasoning community does not address the true dynamism inherent in many real-world systems.
Species and strain comparisons in the macromolecular binding of extremely low doses of [14C]benzene in rodents, using accelerator mass spectrometry

The kinetics of macromolecular binding of a 5 μg/kg body wt dose of [14C]benzene was studied over 48 h in B6C3F1, DBA/2, and C57BL/6 mice and Fischer rats to determine if adduct levels reflect known differences in metabolic capacity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenic potency. Previous studies have suggested that differences in benzene toxicity among strains result from differences in metabolism. Rats and mice were administered [14C]benzene (i.p.), followed by removal of liver and bone marrow at time intervals up to 48 h postexposure. Protein and DNA were isolated and analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry. Area under the curves for protein and DNA adducts in bone marrow were greatest in B6C3F1 mouse > DBA/2 mouse > C57BL/6 mouse > Fischer rat. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that metabolic capacity contributes to the difference in benzene's carcinogenicity among species. Additionally, these data suggest that target organ adduct levels correlate with tumorigenicity and thus may be indicative of an individuals risk.
Anotaciones y el héroe griego antiguo : pasado, presente y futuro

Las evidencias de anotaciones en la poesia homerica de la Antigua Grecia se remontan al siglo V (a.C.), cuando ya la «Iliada» y la «Odisea» eran representadas por cantantes profesionales/compositores, que hacian anotaciones en la poesia para responder a los interrogantes de su publico. A medida que la transicion, desde una cultura de la cancion a una sociedad alfabetizada, acontecio en este periodo de la Antigua Grecia, entre el siglo VIII al I y II (a.C.), las anotaciones se incorporaron poco a poco en los escritos poeticos. La cantidad de anotaciones escritas en los margenes de los manuscritos medievales se volvio enorme hacia el siglo X. En las dos primeras versiones de «The Ancient Hero» en el MOOC de HarvardX no fue posible utilizar el conjunto de herramientas de anotacion solicitadas como medio para una atenta evaluacion de las lecturas. Utilizando un sistema parcial, hemos sido capaces de crear aparentes anotaciones en los primeros ejercicios de autoevaluacion de lectura. En la tercera version, disponemos ya de un conjunto completo de herramientas de anotaciones de texto y de video, desarrollados para HarvardX, incluyendo etiquetado semantico y anotaciones compartidas. Dicho sistema nos permitira una experiencia educativa mas eficaz, inaugurando tambien una fase digital en la larga historia de la anotacion homerica.
Report of the Second Conference and General Meeting of the Global Partnership for Plant Conservation1

Abstract The second conference of the Global Partnership for Plant Conservation (GPPC) was organized by the GPPC, in association with the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD) and Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). This general meeting was hosted by the Missouri Botanical Garden and was held 5–7 July 2011, in St. Louis, Missouri.
The Role of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Mass Removal

To evaluate the role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) during surgical removal of cardiac masses, we studied 75 consecutive patients (34 men, aged 56 +/- 16 years, range 17 to 82 years) who underwent surgery primarily for cardiac mass removal with the adjunct of IOTEE for the years 1993 through 1998. The IOTEE provided new information before bypass in 6 patients (8%), altering the planned surgical procedure in all. A newly discovered patent foramen ovale was closed in 2 patients, a second myxoma discovered in one patient, a mitral valve repaired in one patient, inferior vena caval cannulation site clarified in one patient, and in one patient the mass was no longer present and the surgery canceled. In 10 patients (13%), new post-bypass information was found, which prompted return to bypass for valve repair in 3 patients, altered nonsurgical management in 3 patients, and did not necessitate specific measures in 4 patients. Thus, in 75 patients coming to surgery for mass removal, IOTEE affected intraoperative management in 12 (16%).
Accounting for uncertainty in ecological analysis: the strengths and limitations of hierarchical statistical modeling

Analyses of ecological data should account for the uncertainty in the process(es) that generated the data. However, accounting for these uncertainties is a difficult task, since ecology is known for its complexity. Measurement and/or process errors are often the only sources of uncertainty modeled when addressing complex ecological problems, yet analyses should also account for uncertainty in sampling design, in model specification, in parameters governing the specified model, and in initial and boundary conditions. Only then can we be confident in the scientific inferences and forecasts made from an analysis. Probability and statistics provide a framework that accounts for multiple sources of uncertainty. Given the complexities of ecological studies, the hierarchical statistical model is an invaluable tool. This approach is not new in ecology, and there are many examples (both Bayesian and non-Bayesian) in the literature illustrating the benefits of this approach. In this article, we provide a baseline for concepts, notation, and methods, from which discussion on hierarchical statistical modeling in ecology can proceed. We have also planted some seeds for discussion and tried to show where the practical difficulties lie. Our thesis is that hierarchical statistical modeling is a powerful way of approaching ecological analysis in the presence of inevitable but quantifiable uncertainties, even if practical issues sometimes require pragmatic compromises.
Dual regulation of leptin secretion: intracellular energy and calcium dependence of regulated pathway

Rodent leptin is secreted by adipocytes and acutely regulates appetite and chronically regulates body weight. Mechanisms for leptin secretion in cultured adipocytes were investigated. Acutely, energy-producing substrates stimulated leptin secretion about twofold. Biologically inert carbohydrates failed to stimulate leptin secretion, and depletion of intracellular energy inhibited leptin release. There appears to be a correlation between intracellular ATP concentration and the rate of leptin secretion. Insulin increased leptin secretion by an additional 25%. Acute leptin secretion is calcium dependent. When incubated in the absence of calcium or in the presence of intracellular calcium chelators, glucose plus insulin failed to stimulate leptin secretion. In contrast, basal leptin secretion is secreted spontaneously and is calcium independent. Adipocytes from fatter animals secrete more leptin, even in the absence of calcium, compared with cells from thinner animals. Acute stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms were then investigated. The potassium channel activator diazoxide and the nonspecific calcium channel blockers nickel and cadmium inhibited acute leptin secretion. These studies demonstrate that intracellular energy production is important for acute leptin secretion and that potassium and calcium flux may play roles in coupling intracellular energy production to leptin secretion.
Abstract 135: MicroRNA 133b Promotes Neural Plasticity Via Exosome Transfer After Treatment Of Stroke With Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Rats

Introduction: Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that MSCs via exosomes transfer miR-133b to neural cells which promote neurite outgrowth. In the present in vivo study, we altered the miR-133...
Synthesis of highly crystalline sp2-bonded boron nitride aerogels

sp2-Bonded boron nitride aerogels are synthesized from graphene aerogels via carbothermal reduction of boron oxide and simultaneous nitridation. The color and chemical composition of the original gel change dramatically, while structural features down to the nanometer scale are maintained, suggesting a direct conversion of the carbon lattice to boron nitride. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies reveal a foliated architecture of wrinkled sheets, a unique morphology among low-density, porous BN materials. The converted gels display a high degree of chemical purity (>95%) and crystalline order and exhibit unique cross-linking structures.
Differential expression of CD45R0 on natural killer (NK) cells in patients with an NK lymphocytosis

Differential expression of CD45R0 on natural killer (NK) cells in patients with an NK lymphocytosis
High-Throughput Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Covalent Protein-Inhibitor Adducts for the Discovery of Irreversible Inhibitors A Complete Workflow

We have implemented a solid-phase extraction based time-of-flight mass spectrometer system in combination with novel informatics to rapidly screen and characterize the covalent binding of different irreversible inhibitors to intact proteins. This high-throughput screening platform can be used to accurately detect and quantitate the extent of formation of different covalent protein-inhibitor adducts between electrophilic inhibitors and nucleophilic residues such as cysteine or lysine. For a representative 19.5 kDa protein, the analysis time is approximately 20 s per sample, including an efficient sample loading and desalting step. Accurate protein masses are measured (±0.5 amu of the theoretical molecular weight; measured precision of ±0.02 amu). The fraction of protein reacted with an electrophilic compound is determined relative to an unmodified protein control. A key element of the workflow is the automated identification and quantitation of the expected masses of covalent protein-inhibitor adducts using a custom routine that obviates the need to manually inspect each individual spectrum. Parallel screens were performed on a library of approximately 1000 acrylamide containing compounds (different structures and reactivities) using the solid-phase extraction mass spectrometry based assay and a fluorescence based thiol-reactive probe assay enabling comparison of false positives and false negatives between these orthogonal screening approaches.
Hierarchical Incomplete Multi-source Feature Learning for Spatiotemporal Event Forecasting

Forecasting significant societal events is an interesting and challenging problem as it taking into consideration multiple aspects of a society, including its economics, politics, and culture. Traditional forecasting methods based on a single data source find it hard to cover all these aspects comprehensively, thus limiting model performance. Multi source event forecasting has proven promising but still suffers from several challenges, including 1) geographical hierarchies in multi-source data features, 2) missing values, and 3) characterization of structured feature sparsity. This paper proposes a novel feature learning model that concurrently addresses all the above challenges. Specifically, given multi-source data from different geographical levels, we design a new forecasting model by characterizing the lower-level features' dependence on higher-level features. To handle the correlations amidst structured feature sets and deal with missing values among the coupled features, we propose a novel feature learning model based on an $N$th-order strong hierarchy and fused-overlapping group Lasso. An efficient algorithm is developed to optimize model parameters and ensure global optima. Extensive experiments on 10 datasets in different domains demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model.
Selection the evalution index of drugs effects in the treatment of Alzheimer disease's in clinical trials

It is a difficult problem how to select the evaluation index in Alzheimer disease's clinical trail.And there is no one single index being suitable to estimate efficacy.It usually needs several supplementary indexes.This paper analysis some general scales and how to select the scales in Alzheimer disease's clinical trails,and introduces some advancement of the biomarkers.
Respiratory mechanics in the anesthetized rat

Functional residual capacity (FRC) and pressure-volume (PV) curves of the lung, chest wall, and total respiratory system were studied in 15 anesthetized rats, weighing 307 +/- 10 (SE) g. Pleural pressure was estimated from the esophageal pressure measured with a water-filled catheter. The FRC determined by body plethysmograph was slightly and significantly larger than FRC determined from saline displacement of excised lungs. The difference may be accounted for by O2 uptake by lung tissue, escape of CO2 through the pleura, and abdominal gas. Paralysis in the prone position did not affect FRC, and abdominal gas content contributed only slightly to the FRC measured by body plethysmograph. Values of various pulmonary parameters (mean +/- SE) were as follows: residual volume, 1.26 +/- 0.13 ml; FRC, 2.51 +/- 0.20 ml; total lung capacity, 12.23 +/- 0.55 ml; compliance of the lung, 0.90 +/- 0.06 ml/cmH2O; chest wall compliance, 1.50 +/- 0.11 ml/cmH2O; and respiratory system compliance, 0.57 +/- 0.03 ml/cmH2O. The lung PV curve did not show a consistent change after the chest was opened.
Prevalence and correlates of substance use in Black, White, and biracial Black-White adolescents: Evidence for a biracial intermediate phenomena.

Most substance-use prevention interventions are based on the implicit assumption that risk and protective factors for substance use are the same for biracial and monoracial youth. However, preliminary research suggests this assumption may be untrue. This study compared the prevalence and correlates of substance use among Black, White, and biracial Black-White youth. Data were derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, which is a longitudinal investigation using stratified random sampling to study health behaviors. After controlling for sociodemographic factors and using weighted Poisson and logistic regression, the authors found the substance-use prevalence rates of Black-White youth to be intermediate to the higher rates of Whites and lower rates of Blacks. In addition, Black-White youth's scores on most covariates were intermediate to those of the monoracial groups. Family factors were more important in explaining higher substance use than other contextual factors. School factors seem to be important in explaining lower substance use for Black-White youth. Correlates of substance use for Black-White youth were not identical to those of either Black or White youth. More research on the observed intermediate phenomena among biracial youth vis-a-vis prevalence, correlates, and causes of substance use is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record
RNA structure in splicing: An evolutionary perspective

Pre-mRNA splicing is a key post-transcriptional regulation process in which introns are excised and exons are ligated together. A novel class of structured intron was recently discovered in fish. Simple expansions of complementary AC and GT dimers at opposite boundaries of an intron were found to form a bridging structure, thereby enforcing correct splice site pairing across the intron. In some fish introns, the RNA structures are strong enough to bypass the need of regulatory protein factors for splicing. Here, we discuss the prevalence and potential functions of highly structured introns. In humans, structured introns usually arise through the co-occurrence of C and G-rich repeats at intron boundaries. We explore the potentially instructive example of the HLA receptor genes. In HLA pre-mRNA, structured introns flank the exons that encode the highly polymorphic β sheet cleft, making the processing of the transcript robust to variants that disrupt splicing factor binding. While selective forces that have shaped HLA receptor are fairly atypical, numerous other highly polymorphic genes that encode receptors contain structured introns. Finally, we discuss how the elevated mutation rate associated with the simple repeats that often compose structured intron can make structured introns themselves rapidly evolving elements.
Role of vitamin A metabolism in IIH: Results from the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial.

Introduction Vitamin A and its metabolites (called retinoids) have been thought to play a role in the development of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The IIH Treatment Trial (IIHTT) showed the efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) in improving visual field function, papilledema grade, quality of life and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. We postulated that IIH patients would demonstrate elevated measures of vitamin A metabolites in the serum and CSF.
Focused and divided attention abilities in the acute phase of recovery from moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.

ABSTRACTPrimary objective: Impairments in attention following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can significantly impact recovery and rehabilitation effectiveness. This study investigated the multi-faceted construct of selective attention following TBI, highlighting the differences on visual nonsearch (focused attention) and search (divided attention) tasks. Methods and procedures: Participants were 30 individuals with moderate to severe TBI who were tested acutely (i.e. following emergence from PTA) and 30 age- and education-matched controls. Participants were presented with visual displays that contained either two or eight items. In the focused attention, nonsearch condition, the location of the target (if present) was cued with a peripheral arrow prior to presentation of the visual displays. In the divided attention, search condition, no spatial cue was provided prior to presentation of the visual displays. Main outcomes and results: The results revealed intact focused, nonsearch, attention abilities in th...
Effects of light intensity on the selectivity of lipid and chitin nanofiber production during photobioreactor cultivation of the marine diatom Cyclotella sp.

Abstract Diatoms are single-celled algae that make cell walls of nanopatterned biogenic silica through metabolic uptake of dissolved silicon. The centric marine diatom Cyclotella sp. produces intracellular lipids for biofuels, and nanofibers of the N -acetyl glucosamine biopolymer β-chitin, extruded from pores in the biosilica cell wall. The effects of light delivery on the dynamics of CO 2 consumption and its assimilation into lipid and chitin were studied in a bubble-column photobioreactor through a two-stage cultivation process under silicon-limited and nitrate-replete conditions. The mean light intensity spanned the linear and saturation regimes of photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curve (12–376 μE/m 2 -s). Lipids and chitin were produced following silicon uptake under nitrogen-replete conditions. Although the final cell number density was fixed by silicon delivery, net CO 2 consumption and total biomass carbon increased within increasing light intensity according to the profile defined by the P-I curve. Chitin production on a per cell basis was not sensitive to light intensity, and averaged 44.7 ± 2.3 mg chitin/10 9 cells (1.0 S.E). Increasing the light intensity from the linear to saturation regime enhanced lipid production on top of this fixed chitin production, with peak productivities of 22 ± 2 mg/L-day (1.0 S.E.) for chitin, and 74 ± 9 mg/L-day (1.0 S.E.) for lipid. At low light intensity corresponding to the linear regime of the P-I curve, product yields were 34% ± 2 wt% chitin and 5.1 ± 0.6 wt% lipid (6.4 ± 0.7 mg/10 9 cells, 1.0 S.E.). At light saturation, the chitin yield within the biomass was15 ± 1 wt% (1.0 S.E.), whereas the lipid yield was 38 ± 4 wt% (110 ± 2 mg/10 9 cells, 1.0 S.E.). This study demonstrates that the control of both silicon and light delivery tunes the relative chitin and lipid production by the diatom Cyclotella .
Three-dimensional finite element analysis for soil slopes stabilisation using piles

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the analytical methods of slope-stabilising piles using the three-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) analysis with the strength reduction method (SRM). This 3-D FE model is employed to overcome the limitations observed in two-dimensional (2-D) FE analysis. The solutions obtained from 3-D FE analyses are verified to be less conservative in this paper. The 3-D analysis is considered to be of particular importance to pile-slope problems. The soil that flows between piles cannot be taken account properly in the 2-D FE analysis. The method adopted in this paper can avoid the assumption of soil movement and the pressure distribution along the piles subjected to soil movement. The numerical analysis employs the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion with the strength reduction technique for soil and an elastic member for piles. The spacing effect of the pile is considered in the 3-D model, the S/D (S: centre to centre, D: diameter of pile) ratio, equal to 4.0, is found to be equivalent to ...
Acetabular and Pelvic Nonunions

Nonunions and malunions of the pelvis and acetabulum present challenging problems for both patient and surgeon. Often, these complications occur together; isolated nonunions of either the acetabulum or the pelvis are rare. This chapter briefly covers malunions because nonunions in isolation are rare. Though optimal initial care can potentially prevent complications, nonunions and malunions still occur. Still, nonoperative management of vertically unstable pelvises can lead to malunions and nonunions in 55–75% of cases. Acetabular fractures lead to deteriorating results if treatment is delayed. By four to five weeks postinjury, all fracture lines are fixed with callous and are unmovable. Furthermore, reoperation of malreduced acetabular fractures significantly decreases the good to excellent results. Therefore, prevention of this clinically significant problem is the primary treatment. Although a continuum exists, after four months it is possible to declare that a malunion or nonunion is present. The most common type of acetabular nonunion is a transverse or transverse posterior wall fracture. Nonunions, however, are seen in only 0.7% of operatively treated acetabular fractures. With operative treatment of acute fractures becoming standard of care, nonunions are rare, yet malunions are increasing in numbers. Evaluating a patient with pelvic or acetabular nonunion requires a thorough work-up to identify the cause of pain, assessment of any associated deformity of the pelvis or acetabulum, and review of the patient’s expectations and treatment plan. Associated medical morbidities need to be diagnosed and corrected before surgery. Peer-reviewed literature on the subject is minimal.
Rhinovirus Viremia in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Background Rhinoviruses (RVs) are ubiquitous respiratory pathogens that often cause mild or subclinical infections. Molecular detection of RVs from the upper respiratory tract can be prolonged, complicating etiologic association in persons with severe lower respiratory tract infections. Little is known about RV viremia and its value as a diagnostic indicator in persons hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods Sera from RV-positive children and adults hospitalized with CAP were tested for RV by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Rhinovirus species and type were determined by partial genome sequencing. Results Overall, 57 of 570 (10%) RV-positive patients were viremic, and all were children aged <10 years (n = 57/375; 15.2%). Although RV-A was the most common RV species detected from respiratory specimens (48.8%), almost all viremias were RV-C (98.2%). Viremic patients had fewer codetected pathogens and were more likely to have chest retractions, wheezing, and a history of underlying asthma/reactive airway disease than patients without viremia. Conclusions More than 1 out of 7 RV-infected children aged <10 years hospitalized with CAP were viremic. In contrast with other RV species, RV-C infections were highly associated with viremia and were usually the only respiratory pathogen identified, suggesting that RV-C viremia may be an important diagnostic indicator in pediatric pneumonia.
Fishwaste compost medium improves growth and quality of container-grown marigolds and geraniums without leaching.

Abstract Utilization of fish waste for producing fishwaste compost (FWC) as a value-added product is preferred to disposing of it in ocean dumping or landfills. This study determined: (i) the effectiveness of FWC as a container-growth medium and N source for greenhouse production of marigolds (Tagetes patula L. ‘Queen Sophia’) and geraniums (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Sprinter Scarlet’) that were drip-irrigated to prevent leaching; and (ii) if leaching was necessary to sustain plant growth. In a 3 by 3 factorial experiment, plants were grown in 100% FWC, 50% FWC:50% Douglas-fir bark (B), and 100% B at 0, 160, and 320 mg (0, 0.0056, 0.0112 oz) N container−1 applied as NH4NO3 every 2 weeks. Under drip irrigation, FWC in the 100% FWC growing medium supplied a sufficient amount of available N up to 7 weeks after transplanting to produce plant quality, shoot growth index (SGI), and shoot and root dry weights comparable to those treated with 320 mg N container−1. In the 50% FWC: 50% B growing medium fe...
"To Be Quite Honest, If It Wasn't for Videogames I Wouldn't Have a Social Life at All": Motivations of Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder for Playing Videogames as Leisure.

Purpose Leisure activities are underutilized as a context for intervention in the field of speech-language pathology despite the fact that leisure can be an important context for skill development....
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Evidence for a transfallopian route of infection

We describe the clinical and laboratory features of a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a sexually active woman with Laennec's cirrhosis, ascites, and asymptomatic cervical gonorrhea. Treatment of the infection with high-dose parenteral penicillin was associated with resolution of the infection. This first report of spontaneous gonococcal peritonitis provides highly suggestive evidence that the transfallopian route is a mechanism whereby bacteria may enter the peritoneal cavity. Appropriate cultures for this organism should be included when a woman with chronic liver disease, who is sexually active, presents with spontaneous peritonitis.
Counting Skills--A Foundation for Early Mathematics.

Rote counting refers to a pupil's ability to say number names in sequence. The task of learning other counting skills will be made simpler if mildly handicapped pupils first learn some rote counting. Consider the teacher who tries to teach rote counting from one to ten simultaneously with point counting of from one to ten objects. Pupils in this situation are learning not only to say number names in sequence but also simultaneously to point to objects in a set.
Ecological characteristics and distribution of arbutus xalapensis (texas madrone) populations in central texas

Arbutus xalapensis Kunth (Texas madrone, Ericaceae) is found in western and central Texas, but its ecological characteristics are little known. Mature A. xalapensis plants were found in the Albert and Bessie Kronkosky State Natural Area in Kendall and Bandera counties, central Texas (29.740278 N, –98.838333 W). Habitats studied included Acer grandidentatum Nutt. (bigtooth maple) canyon bottoms, Juniperus ashei J.Buchholz/Quercus L. sp. (Ashe juniper/mixed oak) hillsides, and J. ashei uplands. Population characteristics were compared to habitat and surface geology. A total of 98 A. xalapensis plants were found in the communities studied. Differences were found for all parameters except height. Upland A. xalapensis trees had the lowest mean (±SD) density (2 ± 3 plants/ha), highest basal area (210 ± 190 cm2/plant), community elevation (573 ± 14 m) and height (4.09 ± 1.70 m/plant). Hillside communities had the highest density (61 ± 38 plants/ha), but lower basal area (110 ± 170 cm2/plant). The canyon bottom plant basal area was 80 ± 100 cm2/plant and density was 10 ± 5 plants/ha. The canyon bottoms had the deepest soil (27.2 ± 20.4 cm) and lowest elevation (510 ± 16 m). When geological substrates were examined, 128 additional plants were found. The largest plants were on the Fort Terrett member of the Edwards limestone (hard limestone, 230 ± 220 cm2/plant), but density was the lowest (2 ± 3 plants/ha). Whereas greater density was on the Upper Glen Rose limestone (softer limestone, 16 ± 7 plants/ha), where plants were smaller (110 ± 150 cm2/plant). Community type and geological substrate seem critical for growth of this species.
Squamous Cell and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Collision Tumor of the Soft Palate Treated with Surface Mold Brachytherapy

Simultaneous primary cancers are rare in the oropharynx. This report describes the first reported case of a collision tumor of squamous cell and adenoid cystic carcinoma in the soft palate. The patient was immunosuppressed with a history of liver transplantation, smoking and heavy alcohol drinking. He was treated with wide local excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with surface acrylic mold brachytherapy. This technique was used instead of external beam radiotherapy in order to minimize toxicity. The patient tolerated the treatment well and with the only acute grade two mucositis at the soft palate and minimal late toxicity. There is no evidence of disease recurrence and the patient continues to maintain excellent quality of speech and swallowing 14 months after treatment completion.
Modeling of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Proteins by Machine Learning and Physics-Based Refinement

Protein structures are crucial for understanding their biological activities. Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need to understand the biological behavior of the virus and provide a basis for developing effective therapies. Since the proteome of the virus was determined, some of the protein structures could be determined experimentally, and others were predicted via template-based modeling approaches. However, tertiary structures for several proteins are still not available from experiment nor they could be accurately predicted by template-based modeling because of lack of close homolog structures. Previous efforts to predict structures for these proteins include efforts by DeepMind and the Zhang group via machine learning-based structure prediction methods, i.e. AlphaFold and C-I-TASSER. However, the predicted models vary greatly and have not yet been subjected to refinement. Here, we are reporting new predictions from our in-house structure prediction pipeline. The pipeline takes advantage of inter-residue contact predictions from trRosetta, a machine learning-based method. The predicted models were further improved by applying molecular dynamics simulation-based refinement. We also took the AlphaFold models and refined them by applying the same refinement method. Models based on our structure prediction pipeline and the refined AlphaFold models were analyzed and compared with the C-I-TASSER models. All of our models are available at https://github.com/feiglab/sars-cov-2-proteins.
Ancient history and new beginnings: necrogeography and migration in the North American midcontinent

Creation of deathscapes is integral to human place-making and the construction of our past, present, and future. As people practice mortuary rituals and related behaviours, space and time are confl...
The political struggle for ‘the people’: populist discourse in the 2019 South African elections

This article investigates populist rhetoric in the 2019 South African elections. I argue that both Julius Malema and Dr. Pieter Groenewald consistently employed populist appeals. Although populism ...
A rare instance of fused pelvic kidney without other associated congenital anomalies

Much of the fused pelvic kidney (pancake kidney) described in the literature are complicated by coexisting anomalies of other organ system and vasculature. During a routine anatomical dissection of a 69 year-old male we found a fused pelvic kidney without vascular or other organ system defects. A detailed dissection of the entire body showed normal anatomical features except pancreatic cancer and related lymph nodes. Further dissection of the pelvic kidney showed presence of right and left accessory renal arteries; however the remaining vasculature was normal. Possible embryological causes of pelvic kidney and clinical consequences of this anomaly are discussed.
Couples' experiences managing young-onset dementia early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic created unexpected stressors for society, and could disproportionately impact more vulnerable groups. One such group is couples facing young-onset dementia (YOD), who experience pandemic-induced stressors alongside ongoing YOD-related stressors (e.g., progressive symptoms, increased caregiving needs). Using a qualitative design, our objective was to characterize the experiences of couples living with YOD early in the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on couples' relationship and wellbeing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Couples (N = 23) of persons with YOD and their spousal caregivers participated in a one-hour live video, joint interview during the early COVID-19 pandemic. We used a hybrid inductive-deductive coding approach to thematic analysis to extract findings within two a-priori domains: (1) psychosocial stressors experienced during the early pandemic and (2) the impact of early pandemic stressors on couples' relationships and wellbeing. RESULTS: Thematic analyses revealed 6 main themes: (1) increased caregiving responsibilities, (2) increased uncertainty, (3) increased social isolation and disruptions in social support and medical care, (4) loss of meaningful activities and routines, (5) changes to the couple's relationship, and (6) heightened emotional distress. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated relationship strain and distress among couples managing This population may face negative outcomes due to the dual-impact of YOD- and pandemic-related stressors. It is imperative to provide timely resources and psychosocial support to couples facing YOD to mitigate the negative impact of such stressors on individual health and wellbeing and the couples' relationship together.
Frederick II’s Counter Measures

Karl August’s protest to the Reichstag at Regensburg did not have the desired effect at first. The Austrian delegation countered it by the simple means of maintaining that the Austrian occupation of Bavaria was taking place with the knowledge and consent of Prussia. As the Prussian representative, Herr von Schwarzenen, did not have his instructions and did not feel that it would be right to oppose the Austrian assertion without them, this fairly simple-minded improvisation was, for the time being, sufficient to paralyze the Reichstag.1 But the hopes which the King of Prussia entertained for blocking Austrian expansion into Bavaria were by no means limited to convincing the representatives of the German princes of the rightness of his views. Frederick’s reaction to the Austrian pressure on Karl Theodor had been early, strong and varied. However, as the Austrians had taken care to keep their intentions veiled, he could at first only guess at what the real circumstances of the matter were. As early as the seventh of January, he had been greatly excited by a report to the effect that there had been a partial occupation of Bavaria.2 Two days later, the Prussian minister Hertzberg, considering the possibility of some unilateral Austrian action in Bavaria, suggested that this might provide an ideal opportunity for Prussia to renew its claims on the districts of Julich and Berg.3 The king thought that this might be worth considering but that such an arrangement might well create more difficulties than it resolved.4
Multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium: Direct integration of the Gibbs-Duhem equation

Abstract A rigorous direct integral procedure is derived for the general form of the Gibbs-Duhem Equation applied to multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium. The direct integral theory is applicable to prediction of Y values from either P - X or T - X data for multicomponent systems with non-ideal liquid and vapor phases. Rigorous predictions are possible from limited sets of experimental data. Numerical calculations are reported for the prediction of Y values from P - X data for the ternary system of acetone, chloroform and methanol at 50°C, with typical Y errors of 0.015.
Challenging depictions of dependency: TANF recipients react to welfare reform

Abstract In the debate preceding welfare reform, a consensus emerged that welfare receipt promotes an unacceptable and unhealthy dependence while work in the formal economy leads to a preferable state of independence. Feminist welfare theorists have challenged this equation. This article presents three major findings from focus groups with welfare recipients that demonstrate that recipients are also engaged in challenging popular concepts of welfare dependency. Participants' perceptions were: (1) that welfare receipt does not imply total dependence, (2) that work does not guarantee independence, and (3) that there is an interdependence among recipients and the welfare state.
Bimolecular chemistry with shaped ultrafast laser pulses

We demonstrate control over a bimolecular chemical reaction with shaped ultrafast laser pulses for the first time. A nontrivial pulse shape dependence of the reaction rate is discovered inside a closed loop optimization procedure.
Fly by wireless: An ultrasonic approach for UAV

This paper aims to reduce the weight of UAV by eliminating cables, get rid from the complexity of implementation and maintenance of wires and confirm reliable control and communication over different parts of the aircraft.
Ritual Murder and the Subjectivity of Christ: A Choice in Medieval Christianity*

This is a study of the emotional context of certain medieval anti-Jewish legends. It examines how the stories redefined the composition of society, the relation of this to popular devotion, and the paradox between a religious intention and its effect. After a brief survey of the phenomenon, I suggest that recent views of the psychological sources of the legends do not adequately account for the religious experience that they promote, nor do these explanations sufficiently account for the way the legends encouraged and reinforced social habits—“ruts in the pathways of the mind” that encouraged the maintenance of conformity among members of society. Part one will examine how the libels could help people imagine more specifically the general hostility against Jews widely propagated after the First Crusade and how this superimposed a social uniformity on the town. Part two describes the emotional context of that violence in devotion to the passion of Christ. Part three considers the moral dilemma posed by the function of these legends in popular devotion. My goal is to account for the religious content of anti-Jewish legend and an ethical problem within medieval piety, for which reason it will be necessary to draw on the diverse literature that shaped medieval Christian culture, both learned and popular, from the twelfth century, when the legends first appeared in Europe, to the eve of the Reformation.