cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sustainability as social marketing

The purpose of this research is to illustrate a practical application of social marketing in the hotel industry. Specifically, this study demonstrated how common problem-solving techniques could be combined to help a resort hotel's executive staff members to create and implement a sustainability program that would benefit the hotel, the institution that owns it and the community as a whole. As a for-profit hospitality organisation, all strategies and plans were evaluated for their impact on the bottom line as well. Three distinct tools were combined including: question brainstorming; mind mapping; and six hat decision tactics to achieve results that included a series of recommendations for first-step implementation of a viable sustainability plan that would attract more customers and improve revenues. While social marketing has both evolving theoretical and practical applications, nearly all successful marketing programs have outcomes centring around effectiveness and sustainability. From both researchers and practitioner perspectives, this study focused on creating a model that would help a group of hotel executives to quickly and effectively develop programs that would improve the social good and deliver better profits at the same time.
An Ensemble Trajectory Method for Real-Time Modeling and Prediction of Unfolding Epidemics: Analysis of the 2005 Marburg Fever Outbreak in Angola

We propose a new methodology for the modeling and real time prediction of the course of unfolding epidemic outbreaks. The method posits a class of standard epidemic models and explores uncertainty in empirical data to set up a family of possible outbreak trajectories that span the probability distribution of models parameters and initial conditions. A genetic algorithm is used to estimate likely trajectories consistent with the data and reconstruct the probability distribution of model parameters. In this way the ensemble of trajectories allows for temporal extrapolation to produce estimates of future cases and deaths, with quantified levels of uncertainty. We apply this methodology to an outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in Angola during 2005 in order to estimate disease epidemiological parameters and assess the effects of interventions. Data for cases and deaths was compiled from World Health Organization as the epidemic unfolded. We describe the outbreak through a standard epidemic model used in the past for Ebola, a closely related viral pathogen. The application of our method allows us to make quantitative prognostics as the outbreak unfolds for the expected time to the end of the epidemic and final numbers of cases and fatalities, which were eventually confirmed. We provided a real time analysis of the effects of intervention and possible under reporting and place bounds on population movements necessary to guarantee that the epidemic did not regain momentum.
Reaction: Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics, a Call for Chemists

Michelle F. Richter received her BS in biochemistry from Union College in 2011. She is now a National Science Foundation graduate fellow and member of the NIH Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Program in the Hergenrother laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), where she is working toward a PhD in chemistry. Paul J. Hergenrother received his BS in chemistry from the University of Notre Dame in 1994 and his PhD in chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin in 1999. After an American Cancer Society postdoctoral fellowship in the laboratory of Prof. Stuart Schreiber at Harvard University, in 2001 he joined the faculty at UIUC, where he is now the Kenneth L. Rinehart Jr. Endowed Chair in Natural Products Chemistry.
Myogenic activity and serotonergic inhibition in the chromatophore network of the squid Dosidicus gigas (family Ommastrephidae) and Doryteuthis opalescens (family Loliginidae).

ABSTRACT Seemingly chaotic waves of spontaneous chromatophore activity occur in the ommastrephid squid Dosidicus gigas in the living state and immediately after surgical disruption of all known inputs from the central nervous system. Similar activity is apparent in the loliginid Doryteuthis opalescens, but only after chronic denervation of chromatophores for 5–7 days. Electrically stimulated, neurally driven activity in intact individuals of both species is blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), but TTX has no effect on spontaneous wave activity in either D. gigas or denervated D. opalescens. Spontaneous TTX-resistant activity of this sort is therefore likely myogenic, and such activity is eliminated in both preparations by serotonin (5-HT), a known inhibitor of chromatophore activity. Immunohistochemical techniques reveal that individual axons containing L-glutamate or 5-HT (and possibly both in a minority of processes) are associated with radial muscle fibers of chromatophores in intact individuals of both species, although the area of contact between both types of axons and muscle fibers is much smaller in D. gigas. Glutamatergic and serotonergic axons degenerate completely following denervation in D. opalescens. Spontaneous waves of chromatophore activity in both species are thus associated with reduced (or no) serotonergic input in comparison to the situation in intact D. opalescens. Such differences in the level of serotonergic inhibition are consistent with natural chromogenic behaviors in these species. Our findings also suggest that such activity might propagate via the branching distal ends of radial muscle fibers.
Social Class: Perception and Reality

ABSTRACTMiddle class is a social construct and a moniker so central to the identity politics of the United States that it has become a persistent part of the rhetoric of both major political parties. This article seeks to understand how the way in which people categorize themselves in social class matches the observable characteristics that might be used to objectively classify them into such groups. This article examines survey data from a national poll and finds that a majority of the respondents consider themselves members of the middle class. While those in the lowest and highest income categories are less likely to categorize themselves as middle class (controlling for other factors), many in these groups also consider themselves middle class.
Interactive experiments in a robotics-based platform to simulate zebrafish response to a predator

Biomimetic robotics is emerging as a promising research tool in the study of animal behavior, providing highlycontrollable and customizable stimuli in laboratory experiments and field trials. Here, we introduce a novel robotics-based approach to study predator-prey interactions in fish. Our animal model, zebrafish, is gaining traction as a species of choice for investigations of fear and anxiety in preclinical research. The platform integrates three-dimensional real-time tracking, four-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulation, and data-driven Markov chains to allow for unprecedented, interactive experiments on zebrafish.
Chemical Models of Weathering in Soils

Chemical thermodynamics augmented by the Gay-Lussac-Ostwald step rule provides a theoretical approach to weathering phenomena in soils that requires few ad hoc constitutive assumptions. The efficacy of this approach is illustrated with several examples of natural and anthropogenically-induced weathering reactions involving kaolinite. In soils, kaolinite exhibits a continuum of structural disorder that is reflected by a corresponding spectrum of solubility product constants. The composition of the soil solution vis-a-vis this spectrum can be interpreted with the help of the step rule. The concept of a soil kaolinite continuum appears necessary to the evaluation of activity-ratio diagrams and other thermodynamic constructs.
Reconstructing Movement in Prehistory

Movement is a universal part of human life. However, it normally leaves no material trace, so movements made in the past are difficult to investigate. Refitting artifacts across unusually long distances provides a robust method of reconstructing individual acts of movement. When there are multiple individual movements, it is possible to reconstruct patterns of movement, and to differentiate between different types of movement made for different purposes, even in prehistory.
Quantifying Gastric Nitrate and Nitrate Reductase Activity in the Normal and Achlorhydric Stomach

Humans are exposed to nitrate from exogenous sources (food and water) and from endogenous synthesis. Endogenous nitrate formation is approximately 1 mmol/day/adult and is derived from oxidation of the imino nitrogen of arginine. Immunostimulation increases nitrate synthesis. Infection by hepatitis virus causes an increase in nitrate formation in animals.
Feminine Development: Changes in Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalysis does not represent a unified, static body of theory or practice; rather, it has changed constantly. Since the original discoveries of Freud, developments and modifications have been continual in all areas of psychoanalysis: theory, research, and therapy. Psychoanalytic theory about women has also undergone many changes. Although many of Freud’s patients were women, and he paid attention to disorders and complaints that other physicians dismissed, his theories have been seen as critical and demeaning of women. Since many of the original formulations were developed in the culture of Freud’s time, they reflected the phallocentric aspects of that culture. With the exceptions of criticism and modifications by Karen Horney,1 Ernest Jones,2 and later some few others, such as Clara Thompson3 and Gregory Zilboorg,4 the ideas were rarely questioned from positions outside that culture until recently, when psychoanalytic views about women have received particular attention and have been subject to considerable changes, partly in response to impact of the women’s movement.
Life Histories and Predation Risk

Life histories are how organisms grow, survive, and reproduce over time. Organisms face many tradeoffs between growing, surviving, and reproducing. These tradeoffs are key to understanding the diversity of life histories in the world. Growing for a longer time requires later reproduction. Growing faster or reproducing at a higher rate generally decreases survival. Within reproduction, organisms face a tradeoff between the number and size of offspring they can produce. Predation risk interacts with all elements of life histories since the behaviors needed for greater growth or reproduction generally lead to greater predation risk. Experiments and situations resembling experiments confirm the importance of predators to the evolution of life histories.
Yūrei in the Andes: National Vengeance Through Hybridized Ghosts

Eljaiek-Rodriguez studies the influence of several Asian horror cinemas (Japanese, Korean, Chinese) on Colombian, Peruvian, and Mexican horror films. The author asserts the importance of this impact on both stylistic construction and narration. The chapter draws attention to the recurring figure of the ghost in general and the vengeful ghost in particular. Eljaiek-Rodriguez continually draws attention to the use of these supernatural images to represent the socially and politically unrepresentable.
Viren der wir beltiere

Die Viren in diesem Abschnitt stimmen mit den Viren im vorherigen Ab schnitt vielfach uberein und tatsachlich konnen einige auch Menschen infizieren, aber man schatzt ihre Bedeutung fur nichthumane Wirte als groser ein. Es gibt bei Tieren ein breites Spektrum von Viren aus allen systematischen Hauptgruppen (siehe Einfuhrung am Buchanfang). Besitzer von Haustieren kennen vielleicht schon bestimmte Viren wie etwa das Canine Parvovirus, das Feline Leukamievirus oder das Tollwutvirus, da ihre Katzen und Hunde gegen diese folgenschweren Krankheiten geimpft sind. Einige Viren in diesem Abschnitt sind vielleicht den Besitzern exotischer Haustiere vertraut, etwa von Schlangen, wiederum andere sind Anglern bekannt. Auserdem sind hier die Viren aufgefuhrt, die bei der Nutztierhaltung eine Rolle spielen, etwa das Rinderpestvirus, das jahrhundertelang in der Viehzucht grose Schaden verursachte. Vor Kurzem wurde es fur ausgerottet erklart, eine echte Wegmarke in der Virologie.
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Diffusion MR

s Developments in the last century have led to a better understanding of diffusion—the perpetual mixing of molecules caused by thermal motion. In this chapter, the basic principles governing the diffusion phenomenon and its measurement using magnetic resonance (MR) are reviewed. The concepts of the apparent diffusion coefficient and of the diffusion propagator as well as their MR measurements are introduced from basic principles. Finally, the influence of neural tissue microstructure on the diffusion-weighted MR signal is briefly discussed.
Validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) quality of life instrument.

e17753 Background: The FACT-B is widely used in international clinical trials and health services research. The purpose of this project was to evaluate reliability and validity for Version 4 of the...
Additive Effects of Item-Specific and Congruency Sequence Effects in the Vocal Stroop Task

There is a growing interest in assessing how cognitive processes fluidly adjust across trials within a task. Dynamic adjustments of control are typically measured using the congruency sequence effect (CSE), which refers to the reduction in interference following an incongruent trial, relative to a congruent trial. However, it is unclear if this effect stems from a general control mechanism or a distinct process tied to cross-trial reengagement of the task set. We examine the relationship of the CSE with another measure of control referred to as the item-specific proportion congruency effect (ISPC), the finding that frequently occurring congruent items exhibit greater interference than items that are often incongruent. If the two effects reflect the same control mechanism, one should find interactive effects of CSE and ISPC. We report results from three experiments utilizing a vocal Stroop task that manipulated these two effects while controlling for variables that are often confounded in the literature. Across three experiments, we observed large CSE and ISPC effects. Importantly, these effects were robustly additive with one another (Bayes Factor for the null approaching 9). This finding indicates that the CSE and ISPC arise from independent mechanisms and suggests the CSE in Stroop may reflect a more general response adjustment process that is not directly tied to trial-by-trial changes in attentional control.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related luminal GI adverse events.

The early promising results of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of selected malignancies has ushered a new era in cancer research and the development of treatment options. With the increasing use of this class of medications, a wide array of adverse events is becoming evident, many of which will be encountered by the gastroenterologist. The second most common adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors involves the GI tract and includes diarrhea and colitis. These are experienced by up to 50% of patients on these agents. The severity of these events varies greatly and may range from mild to fatal. Therefore, it is important that the gastroenterologist is aware of the spectrum of potential GI adverse events. For this review, we conducted an extensive literature search and compiled all relevant information pertaining to the luminal GI tract. The presentation, approach to the patient with luminal GI adverse reactions, risk stratification, management, challenging populations, endoscopic considerations and findings, and histologic findings are discussed in this review.
History and theory: the paradox in Francesco Patrizi

Patrizi's Ten Dialogues on History bring the Renaissance humanist discourse on the meaning of history to a new level. First, he emphasizes narrativity as the fundamental structure of history. Then ...
Beyond the Brain: Intercorporeality and Co‐Operative Action for SLA Studies

It is widely assumed that the cognitivist era is over in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) studies. This critical review essay (a) questions this assumption, (b) presents alternative views from beyond the field to help it move in a noncognitivist direction, and (c) discusses prospects for a noncognitivist future in SLA studies. I begin by briefly reviewing the history of cognitivism, by which I mean a mind/brain-centric view of human existence and behavior. I then argue that SLA studies remain under cognitivist influence. Next, I review 2 recent books that offer strong theoretical and empirical bases for studying the embodied, affective, social, and ecological nature of human action, including learning and teaching. The first book, Meyer, Streeck, and Jordan's (2017) co-edited Intercorporeality, explores the consequences of being a body in a world of other such bodies, versus the cognitivist vision of disembodied mind/brain. The second book, Goodwin's (2018a) Co-operative Action, develops and empirically illustrates a theory of social action wherein heterogeneous, multimodal cultural tools and practices including language combine, accumulate, and transform in moment-to-moment use. Both books view human existence and action as fundamentally ?ecosocial??embodied, affective, and adaptive to human and nonhuman environments?yet they differ markedly in content and implications. Goodwin's painstaking empirical analyses, for instance, including of teaching and learning, show co-operative action unfolding in real time. I conclude by discussing current developments in SLA studies that point toward a noncognitive future for the field.
The 8-Bit Bureaucrat: Can Video Games Teach Us About Administrative Ethics?

Politicians and public administrators have long played both prominent and supporting roles in works of fiction. The field of public administration has a tradition of using fictionalized depictions ...
Diagnosis and treatment of sepsis associated encephalopathy

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE), as a relatively common complication of sepsis, is associated with mortality and poor prognosis.Its main symptoms are disturbed cognitive functions and consciousness, including decreased attention, delirium, lethargy, coma, mood changes.At present, the pathogenesis of SAE has not been clearly explained, and the diagnosis and treatment are still controversial.Many of the survivors suffer from long-term cognitive impairment, which imposes heavy burdens on patients, families and society.Therefore, SAE needs to attract the attention of clinicians. Key words: Sepsis; Sepsis associated encephalopathy; Sepsis-associated delirium
Tacrolimus induced pseudogout following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant

IntroductionCrystalline arthritis (CA), characterized by acute joint pain and erythema secondary to calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD, or pseudogout) or monosodium urate crystals (gout), is a ...
PrEP Use and Persistence Among Young Sexual Minority Men 17-24 Years Old During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to health care access for sexual and gender minorities in the U.S. We sought to explore the impact of COVID-19 on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and sexual health services by assessing PrEP eligibility and use, changes in sexual behaviors, and HIV/STI testing during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 239 young sexual minority men (YSMM) 17-24 years old between April and September 2020 in the U.S. One-in-seven YSMM PrEP users discontinued use during the pandemic, and all those who discontinued PrEP reported a decrease in sexual activity. Twenty percent reported difficulty getting prescriptions and medications from their doctors or pharmacies, and more than 10% reported challenges accessing HIV/STI testing. Among those who met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for PrEP (n = 104), 86.5% were not currently using PrEP. Among those surveyed 3 months or later after the start of major COVID-19 stay-at-home measures (n = 165), 35.8% reported CAS with a causal partner within the past 3 months during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seeking HIV testing was associated with reporting condomless anal sex in the previous 3 months, indicating the necessity for ensuring continuity of basic sexual health services for YSMM. Failure to adequately adjust HIV prevention services and intervention in the face of pandemic-related adversity undermines efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the U.S.
Equidistribution of Hecke eigenforms on the modular surface

For the orthonormal basis of Hecke eigenforms in S 2k (Γ(1)), one can associate with it a probability measure dμ k on the modular surface X = Γ(1)\H. We establish that this new measure tends weakly to the invariant measure on X as k tends to infinity, and obtain a sharp estimate for the rate of convergence.
Environmental Policy is Social Policy – Social Policy is Environmental Policy

This book argues that social and environmental policy should be treated as one and the same field, that both are but two aspects of the same coin – if sustainability is the goal. This paradigm shift is indicated, important, and timely to effectively move toward sustainability.
Relaxation instabilities in high perveance electron beams

Spurious low-frequency oscillations similar to those reported by Cutler have been observed in the form of large amplitude modulation of both the RF output and the collector current of klystrons utilizing high-perveance electron beams. This modulation, which appears typically as sawtooth-like relaxation oscillations with frequencies ranging from 10 cps to 100 kc, was observed to occur spontaneously only if the operating pressure was lower than a critical threshold ( \approx 1 \times 10^{-7} mm Hg). Experiments are described which were designed to investigate this phenomenon using dc beam testers. Evidence is presented which indicates that the oscillations are due to a relaxation back and forth between two possible solutions to Poisson's equation which both satisfy all boundary conditions. One of the possible solutions corresponds to the existence of a virtual cathode within the beam, resulting in a partial reflection of electrons. Experimental evidence indicates that positive ions play an important role in triggering the relaxation. Both theoretical and experimental evidence are presented which point to relaxation instabilities of the type described as a potential hazard in utilizing depressed collector operation for improved efficiency of high-perveance microwave tubes. The same potential hazard exists in the use of periodic electrostatic focusing.
Enterprise architecture and the ways of wickedness

The concept of enterprise architecture arose as technologies emerged which made it possible to interconnect all the information technology within an enterprise. Before these internetworking technologies existed, systems were stovepiped by necessity. Any connection to another system or component had to be specifically designed and developed. However, once internetworking technologies became widely available and economically feasible, suddenly, stovepiped systems were no longer necessitated by the constraints of technology and economy. If anything can connect to everything, then the range of enterprise solutions becomes vast and there arises an overwhelming need to manage that solution space. However, managing this solution space is fraught with challenges arising from wicked problems, complexity and an enterprise learning curve that evolves slower than the technology the enterprise is attempting to manage. This paper attempts to addresses these challenges and suggests enterprise architecture needs and challenges.
Body composition determinants of metabolic phenotypes of obesity in nonobese and obese postmenopausal women

Objective: Although obesity is typically associated with increased cardiovascular risk, a subset of obese individuals display a normal metabolic profile (“metabolically healthy obese,” MHO) and conversely, a subset of nonobese subjects present with obesity-associated cardiometabolic abnormalities (“metabolically obese nonobese,” MONO). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the most important body composition determinants of metabolic phenotypes of obesity in nonobese and obese healthy postmenopausal women. Design and Methods: We studied a total of 150 postmenopausal women (age 54 ± 7 years, mean ± 1 SD). Based on a cardiometabolic risk score, nonobese (body mass index [BMI] ≤ 27) and obese women (BMI > 27) were classified into “metabolically healthy” and “unhealthy” phenotypes. Total and regional body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: In both obese and nonobese groups, the “unhealthy” phenotypes were characterized by frequent bodyweight fluctuations, higher biochemical markers of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and higher anthropometric and DXA-derived indices of central adiposity, compared with “healthy” phenotypes. Indices of total adiposity, peripheral fat distribution and lean body mass were not significantly different between “healthy” and “unhealthy” phenotypes. Despite having increased fat mass, MHO women exhibited comparable cardiometabolic parameters with healthy nonobese, and better glucose and lipid levels than MONO. Two DXA-derived indices, trunk-to-legs and abdominal-to-gluteofemoral fat ratio were the major independent determinants of the “unhealthy” phenotypes in our cohort. Conclusions: The “metabolically obese phenotype” is associated with bodyweight variability, multiple cardiometabolic abnormalities and an excess of central relative to peripheral fat in postmenopausal women. DXA-derived centrality ratios can discriminate effectively between metabolic subtypes of obesity in menopause.
Microwave background bispectrum. I. Basic formalism

In this paper, we discuss the potential importance of measuring the CMB anisotropy bispectrum. We develop a formalism for computing the bispectrum and for measuring it from microwave background maps. As an example, we compute the bispectrum resulting from the 2nd order Rees-Sciama effect, and find that is undetectable with current and upcoming missions.
Investigation of charge exchange in ion sources

Abstract Charge exchange phenomena in a calutron ion source were investigated using a reflecting grating spectrograph. Doppler shifts observed in ionized calcium spectra from the source region of an electromagnetic isotope separator correspond to ion velocities of up to ∼ 7 × 10 7 cm/sec in the accelerating region. These maximum velocities are greater than would be expected from the potential difference between the electrodes and are due to the charge exchange of doubly charged ions after being partially or fully accelerated. High velocity neutral calcium particles due to charge exchange of singly charged ions are also observed. These charge exchange phenomena in the accelerating region are probably responsible for a part of the isotopic contamination present in collected isotopes. In an alternative approach, Aston bands resulting from charge exchange phenomena were studied directly in the isotope separator.
Confessing Incest to a Rabbi: A Talmudic Story in Its Zoroastrian Context*

A fascinating anecdote preserved in the Babylonian Talmud (b. ῾Abod. Zar. 17a) tells the story of a woman who comes before Rav Hisda and discloses to him that her younger son is the product of incestuous intercourse she has performed with her older son. Rav Hisda, in turn, rather than instructing her with regard to her penance, orders the preparation of her shrouds, thus indicating that her death is inescapable and imminent. Although the nature of the encounter between Rav Hisda and the sinner is not explicit in the story itself, the passage is situated within the Babylonian Talmud in the context of a broader legal and theological discussion centered on the penitential requirements for a person seeking to turn away from minut (heresy).
The Association of Patient, Tumor, and Treatment Characteristics With Biochemical Response to Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer Patients

Materials/Methods: Nine hundred fifty-two patients with prostate cancer were treated with permanent interstitial implantation as monotherapy using a transrectal ultrasound-guided approach. Real-time intraoperative treatment planning software which incorporates inverse planning optimization was used for all patients. Nine hundred twenty-one patients were treated with I-125 and 31 patients were treated with Pd-103. Two hundred fiftynine patients (27.2%) received neoadjuvant androgen deprivation in most cases to achieve pre-implantation volume reduction for prostate volumes >50 cc. The median prostate volume was 35.9 cc (range, 7.6-99.7 cc). The breakdown between favorable and intermediate risk disease was 79% and 20%, respectively. Dose-volume constraints for this inverse-planning system included: prostate V100 95%, maximal urethral dose 140, the 7 year PSA-RFS was 98% compared to 93% for patients with lower D90 values (p Z 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the D90 dose level was the only significant predictor of PSA relapse-free survival (p Z 0.04 value HR 0.32). The median maximum urethral dose was 134%, and the median urethra D20% was 127%. Maximum urethral doses exceeding 150% of the prescription dose were noted in 28% of patients. The median maximum rectal dose was 64% of the prescription dose (range, 29% -193%) and the median volume of the rectum receiving the prescription dose rectum V100 cc was 0.3 cc (range, 0-7.4 cc). No dosimetric parameter was identified linked to late urinary or rectal toxicities. Conclusions: Dosimetric analysis performed on the day of the brachytherapy procedure of a large cohort of patients confirms excellent coverage of the prostate with the prescription dose. Our data demonstrate that the D90 was the single most important variable associated with improved biochemical tumor control in these patients. These data further highlight the critical need for intraoperative real time dose modifications and corrections to achieve optimal dose delivery to the prostate to insure maximal tumor control probability. Author Disclosure: M. Ashamalla: None. M. Kollmeier: None. G.N. Cohen: None. X. Pei: None. M.J. Zelefsky: None.
Relation of right ventricular free wall mechanical delay to right ventricular dysfunction as determined by tissue Doppler imaging.

Several well-established echocardiographic parameters used in the assessment of right ventricular (RV) performance, as well as tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to investigate RV free wall mechanical events, were prospectively obtained from a heterogenous group of 20 patients with varying degrees of pulmonary hypertension (mean age 51 ± 13 years; World Health Organization class average 2.8, mean pulmonary systolic pressure 78 ± 24 mm Hg) and compared with similar data retrospectively obtained from 20 healthy volunteers (mean age 45 ± 15 years). Patients with varying degrees of pulmonary hypertension had worse RV performance parameters than healthy volunteers (RV fractional area change 37 ± 13% vs 52 ± 5%, p
CHANGES IN GLACIER AND ALPINE RUNOFF IN THE NORTH CASCADE RANGE, WASHINGTON, USA 1985–1993

From 1985 to 1993, the mean summer temperature was 1.1°C above the long-term mean and the mean winter precipitation was 11% below the long-term mean at the eight Washington State Cascade Mountain weather stations. The effect of this climate fluctuation on glacier and alpine runoff has been examined in five North Cascade basins. From 1985 to 1993 the two basins with less than 1% glacier-covered area experienced mean 1 July to 30 September (late summer) runoff 36% below the long-term mean. The three moderately glaciated basins (3, 6 and 14% glaciated, respectively) experienced a 13% decline in late summer runoff for the same period. A significant change in late summer runoff has occurred in the North Cascades and this change is less pronounced in glacier basins. The cause of the change is decreased winter precipitation and earlier onset of spring melting of the alpine snowpack, followed by above average summer temperatures and an earlier summer melt of alpine snowpack. The smaller decrease in runoff in glacial basins is due to increased ablation and consequent glacier runoff due to high summer temperatures. However, glacier retreat is also reducing glacier runoff.
SCATTERING AMPLITUDES FOR ATOMIC COLLISIONS, WITH APPLICATION TO SPIN- EXCHANGE BETWEEN HYDROGEN ATOMS

Abstract Calculations of the scattering amplitudes for collisions between one-electron atoms are presented. The main emphasis is on the scattering of two hydrogen atoms, including the spin-exchange process. The interaction between the atoms is represented by a potential V S ( r ), where r is the separation and S is the total electronic spin of the atoms. The corresponding scattering amplitudes f S are obtained from exact (numerical) solutions of the radial Schrodinger equation. Detailed comparisons are made with various approximations, such as the JWKB method, the high-energy approximation to it, and the model of Purcell and Field and Wittke and Dicke. The JWKB approximation works surprisingly well, but begins to break down at thermal energies. The other approximations are not nearly as accurate. The Purcell and Field model, for example, predicts total spin-exchange cross sections too small by about 35%, and a total unpolarized scattering which has the wrong energy dependence and is typically incorrect by a factor of two. The defects in this model are analyzed in some detail and a number of changes proposed which make it more useful. Along these lines a phenomenological model for the unpolarized scattering is formulated which should be useful in analyzing the scattering between any pair of atoms. A detailed discussion, based on the exact calculations, is also given of various differential cross sections and of the energy dependence of the total cross sections. This includes the effects of the identity of the atoms and the occurrence of resonances.
Ethanolamine plasmalogen methylation by rabbit myocardial membranes

Abstract Enzymatic methylation of alkenylacylglycerophosphoethanolmine to form alkenylacylglycerophosphocholine was observed in rabbit myocardial membranes, and was compared to the corresponding methylation sequence for diacyl substrates. Membranes were incubated with S- adenosyl - l -[ methyl - 3 H ] methionine and assayed for incorporation of radioactivity into selected lipids. The rate of incorporation of methyl groups into diacylglycerophosphocholine exceeded that for alkenylacylglycerophosphocholine, 12.0 ± 3.6 vs. 3.9 ± 0.7 pmol product fonned/ mg per h (mean ± S.D.), even when normalized for ethanolamine substrate concentration (5.7 ±1.6 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 pmol CH3 incorporated/μmol diradylglycerophosphoethanolamine). Rabbit myocardial phospholipid methyltransferase activity is optimal at basic pH for each substrate, is moderately stimulated by added Ca2+ or Mg2+ and is completely inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine. An apparent Km of 0.2 mM for S-adenosylmethionine applies to diacyl- and alkenylacylglycerophosphocholine formation; at low concentrations of methyl donor (0.003 mM), the monomethylated products accumulate.
Fault detection and prognosis of assembly locating systems using piezoelectric transducers

Fixture faults have been identified as a principal root cause of defective products in assembly lines; however, there exists a lack of fast and accurate monitoring tools to detect fixture fault damage. Locating fixture damage causes a decrease in product quality and production throughput due to the extensive work required to detect and diagnosis a faulty fixture. In this paper, a unique algorithm is proposed for fixture fault monitoring based on the use of autoregressive models and previously developed piezoelectric impedance fixture sensors. The monitoring method allows for the detection of changes within a system without the need for healthy references. The new method also has the capability to quantify deterioration with respect to a calibrated value. Deterioration prognosis can then be facilitated for structural integrity predictions and maintenance purposes based on the quantified deterioration and forecasting algorithms. The proposed robust methodology is proven to be effective on an experimental setup for monitoring damage in locating fixtures. Fixture wear and failure are successfully detected by the methodology, and fixture structural integrity prognosis is initiated.
Growth of Magneto-optically Active (Zn, Mn)Se Nanowires

We describe the growth of Zn1−xMnxSe nanowires in ultrahigh vacuum seeded by Au nanodroplets. Electron microscopy reveals the formation of single-crystal c-axis wurtzite nanowires (typically 1−3 μm long) with Mn concentrations up to x ≈ 0.6, accompanied by a dense horizontal undergrowth of shorter, crooked nanowires. Magnetophotoluminescence measurements show evidence for sp−d exchange effects in a reduced symmetry environment. We find that the optical emission is surprisingly dominated by the undergrowth of crooked nanowires.
Foetal vascular responses to thromboxane receptor blockade

We hypothesized that foetal administration of SQ-29,548, a putative thromboxane receptor blocker, would prevent foeto–placental vasoconstriction produced by the thromboxane mimic U46619. Arterial blood gases, continuous monitoring of maternal and foetal heart rates and blood pressures were performed in chronically catheterized pregnant ewes. Foetal blood flows and vascular resistance were determined with radioactive microspheres. SQ-29,548 effectively blocked the expected vasoconstrictive effects of thromboxane. However, prolonged infusion of SQ-29,548 resulted in significant decreases in umbilical–placental blood flow and foetal mean arterial pressure. This was accompanied by a respiratory acidemia. Potential therapy for the vasoconstrictive disorders of pregnancy with SQ-29,548 awaits further investigation of its intrinsic vasoactive properties in the umbilical–placental vasculature.
Sex differences in children's free drawings and their relationship to 2D:4D ratio

Abstract The hypothesis that prenatal androgen exposure influences sex differences in children’s drawings was examined in a population of K-3 elementary school students. Various characteristics of children’s free drawings were assessed by age, and those that showed sex differences were compared with 2D:4D. Overall, boys had smaller 2D:4D ratios on the right hand, used a smaller proportion of warm colors relative to cold colors, covered less of the paper, used fewer pinks, purples, and yellows, and used more black/gray. Girls’ drawings were more likely to contain flowers, animals, and sky and boys’ drawings were more likely to contain people. When analyzed by grade level (K and 1st vs. 2nd and 3rd), sex differences in the number of colors, proportion of warm colors, and number of pinks and purples used were present only in the older children, suggesting a social influence on these sex differences. On the other hand, there were significant correlations in the older girls between right 2D:4D ratio and the use of pinks and purples. These observations support the role of social factors in the development of sex differences in children’s free drawings, but also suggest an influence of early androgen levels on girls’ free drawings.
Hydraulic cement-type fillers for hydrothermally stable polymer concretes

Hydraulic cement fillers, which can prevent the hydrothermal decomposition of vinyl-type polymer concrete (PC) containing carboxylate groups in the polymer molecule, have been developed. Experiments were performed in which a co-polymer was used in combination with an aggregate containing various commercial cements such as Portland type I, III, and V cements, slag cement (IS), and a Class H oil-well cement. It was observed for Class H cement-filled PC that a strong interaction occurred between the cement grains and the CH2 groups in the main chain of the co-polymer. The other cements exhibited lesser interactions. It was observed that after exposure to a 25% brine at 240° C, ionic bonding of carboxylate anions in the co-polymer with Ca2+ ions from the Class H cement and the hydration products of Class H cement had a significant effect on the strength. This improvement is believed to result from a reductive effect on the molecular mobility of the co-polymer chains. Fillers having aβ-dicalcium silicate (C2S)/Class H cement ratio from 0.7 to 1.5 made the greatest contribution to the hydrothermal stability of the vinyl-type PCs.
Composition of Pteryxia terebinthina var. californica (Coult. and Rose) Mathias essential oils.

Abstract β-Pinene (35.0%, 53.8%) was the major component of both the aerial parts and the root oils of Pteryxia terebinthina var. californica, respectively. β-Phellandrene (12.2%) was the other most abundant component of the oil from aeial parts while δ-3-carene (14.2%) was the second abundant component of the root oil.
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up.

Abstract The psychological construct ‘sustained attention’ describes a fundamental component of attention characterized by the subject’s readiness to detect rarely and unpredictably occurring signals over prolonged periods of time. Human imaging studies have demonstrated that activation of frontal and parietal cortical areas, mostly in the right hemisphere, are associated with sustained attention performance. Animal neuroscientific research has focused on cortical afferent systems, particularly on the cholinergic inputs originating in the basal forebrain, as crucial components of the neuronal network mediating sustained attentional performance. Sustained attention performance-associated activation of the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic system is conceptualized as a component of the ‘top-down’ processes initiated by activation of the ‘anterior attention system’ and designed to mediate knowledge-driven detection and selection of target stimuli. Activated cortical cholinergic inputs facilitate these processes, particularly under taxing attentional conditions, by enhancing cortical sensory and sensory-associational information processing, including the filtering of noise and distractors. Collectively, the findings from human and animal studies provide the basis for a relatively precise description of the neuronal circuits mediating sustained attention, and the dissociation between these circuits and those mediating the ‘arousal’ components of attention.
The importance of fairness and equity for the marital satisfaction of older women.

ABSTRACT In all societies, people are concerned with social justice. “It's just not right” is a fairly common lament. In these two studies, we interviewed 240 older women, who ranged in age from 50 to 82. We found that most older women (85%) considered their marriages to be fair and equitable. Older women were less concerned about existing inequities than their younger peers. Nonetheless, they were somewhat concerned with how rewarding and how fair and equitable their relationships were perceived to be. Those who felt over-benefited, for example, felt more guilty than did their less advantaged peers; those who felt under-benefited felt far more angry than did their privileged peers. Stressful life events—such as the arrival of children, retirement, serious illness, or the awareness impending death—often brought to awareness long simmering resentments over issues of fairness.
Dynamic Planar Solid Phase Microextraction−Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Rapid Field Air Sampling and Analysis of Illicit Drugs and Explosives

A preconcentration device that targets the volatile chemical signatures associated with illicit drugs and explosives (high and low) has been designed to fit in the inlet of an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). This is the first reporting of a fast and sensitive method for dynamic sampling of large volumes of air using planar solid phase microextraction (PSPME) incorporating a high surface area for absorption of analytes onto a sol−gel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating for direct thermal desorption into an IMS. This device affords high extraction efficiencies due to strong retention properties at ambient temperature, resulting in the detection of analyte concentrations in the parts per trillion range when as low as 3.5 L of air are sampled over the course of 10 s (absolute mass detection of less than a nanogram). Dynamic PSPME was used to sample the headspace over the following: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) tablets resulting in the detection of 12−40 ng of piperonal, high explosives (Pentolite...
Turtle geometry in computer graphics and computer-aided design

Abstract LOGO is a programming language incorporating turtle graphics, originally devised for teaching computing to young children in elementary and middle schools. Here, we advocate the use of LOGO to help introduce some of the basic concepts of computer graphics and computer-aided design to undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities. We shall show how to motivate affine coordinates and affine transformations, fractal curves and iterated function systems, relaxation methods and subdivision schemes from elementary notions in turtle geometry and turtle programming.
Subsurface damage from oblique impacts into low‐impedance layers

[1] Layered planetary surfaces occur ubiquitously in the solar system, where sedimentary sequences or icy layers overlay crystalline bedrock. Previous experimental studies investigated how the presence of weak layer overlying a strong basement affects crater morphology, subsurface damage and soft-sediment compression. Numerical studies generally focus on the final morphology as a function of thicknesses and burial depths of weak layers. In field studies of impact craters, the shock state of minerals is a key metric. Here, we evaluate the effect of a surficial low-impedance layer on peak pressure magnitudes and consequent damage extent in the competent substrate. Laboratory experiments coupled with 3D CTH models of oblique (30° from horizontal) hypervelocity impacts at laboratory and planetary scales show that surface layers with a thickness on the order of the projectile diameter shield the underlying surface and absorb/scatter ∼70% of the impact energy. Numerical simulations reveal that surficial layers reduce peak pressure magnitudes within the subsurface by ∼60–70%, while damage in the substrate is due to shear failure. Sedimentary layers are more efficient shields than icy layers, but both reduce the extent of subsurface damage and the resulting shock levels recorded by minerals. These results indicate that a thin surficial low impedance layer mitigates the expression of shocked minerals in the substrate even when a structural response is still observed.
A two species thermodynamic Preisach approach for simulating superelastic responses of shape memory alloys under tension and bending loading conditions

Modeling superelastic behavior of shape memory alloys (SMA) has received considerable attention due to SMAs ability to recover large strains with associated loading{unloading hysteresis enabling them to find many applications. In this work, a simple mechanics of materials modeling approach for simulating superelastic responses of SMA components under tension and bending loading conditions is developed. Following Doraiswamy, Rao and Srinivasa's1 approach, the key idea here would be in separating the thermoelastic and the dissipative part of the hysteretic response with a Gibbs potential based formulation which includes both thermal and mechanical loading in the same framework. The dissipative part is then handled by a discrete Preisach model. The model is formulated directly using tensile stress{strain or bending moment{curvature rather than solving for non-homogeneous stress and strains across the specimen cross-sections and then integrating the same especially for bending loading conditions. The model is capable of simulating complex superelastic responses with multiple internal loops and provides an improved treatment for temperature dependence associated with superelastic responses. The model results are verified with experimental results on SMA components like wires and beams at different temperatures.