cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brain regional differences in glycine reversal of ethanol-induced inhibition of n-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated neurotransmttter release

The present study investigated the interaction between glycine and ethanol on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated neurotransmitter release in hippocampal, cerebrocortical, and striatal slices from rat brain. Some, but not all, previous studies have shown that glycine may reverse the inhibitory effect of ethanol on NMDA receptors. Hippocampal or cortical slices were prepared and prelabelled with [3H]norepinephrine, and striatal slices were labelled with [3H]dopamine. Stimulation of the slices with 500 microM NMDA for two minutes caused a significant release of [3H]neurotransmitter in each brain region above basal. Ethanol (60 mM) significantly inhibited the NMDA-stimulated release of neurotransmitter from all brain regions. Addition of glycine (0.3-3 microM) to the buffer bathing the slices had no effect on the inhibitory effect of ethanol in hippocampus or cortex. However, in striatal slices, 0.3 and 1.0 microM glycine added to the buffer reversed the inhibitory effect of ethanol on NMDA-stimulated [3H]dopamine release without having any effect on either basal or NMDA-stimulated release by itself. These results show that the interaction between ethanol and glycine varies in different brain regions. Therefore interpretation of the potential inhibitory effect of ethanol on NMDA receptor function in vivo should consider brain region and local concentrations of glycine.
Association football to fútbol: ethnic succession and the history of Chicago‐area soccer since 1920

Prompted by the underappreciated position of sports in sociological research, this two‐part study 1 examines the interconnections between the development of professional and amateur men’s soccer in Chicago and theoretical understandings of race, ethnicity, immigration, integration and urban relations. Through archival research, interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, including participation in a local ethnic league, this study intends to reconstruct and analyse the largely undocumented history of men’s soccer in Chicago. By uncovering the ways in which soccer teams and leagues have exhibited patterns of ethnic succession, the study demonstrates the continued relevance of this sociological theory through its application to neglected social institutions like soccer leagues and for non‐spatial conceptions of urban ethnic communities. In addition, it explores the symbolic and substantive functions performed by the soccer teams and leagues as sites for the construction and maintenance of collective ethnic ident...
Trade Policy and Loss Aversion

We develop a political economy model where loss aversion and reference dependence are important in shaping people’s preferences over trade policy. The policy implications of the augmented model differ in three ways: there is a region of compensating protection, where a decline in the world price leads to an offsetting increase in protection, such that a constant domestic price is maintained; protection following a single negative price shock will be persistent; and irrespective of the extent of lobbying, there will be a deviation from free trade that favors loss-making industries. The augmented model explains protections of the US steel industry since 1980. (JEL F13, F14, L61)
Speculations on the future of infrared spectral remote sensing

IR spectral remote sensing has demonstrated much in the last few years including the potential for low contrast day/night military target detection. The status, needs, and challenges in the area of physics and phenomenology, sensors, and modeling are discussed. Successful further development of IR spectral remote sensing depends on research and development investment in (1) IR focal plane arrays to lower cost and increase the number of pixels, (2) processing algorithms that utilize the a priori information available from physics and phenomenology studies, and (3) end-to-end performance models encompassing target, scene, atmosphere, sensor, and processing effects.
High School Employment, High School Curriculum, and Post-School Wages.

Abstract The direct, skill-enhancing effect of high school employment is difficult to identify because high school work effort is correlated with curricular choices, postsecondary schooling and work effort, and many other observed and unobserved factors. This study uses data for male, high school graduates to estimate a wage model in which detailed measures of high school coursework and post-school work experience are included among the extensive array of covariates. Instrumental variable methods are used to contend with the correlation between high school employment and unobserved characteristics. The direct effect of high school employment on subsequent wages proves to be small and relatively short-lived. Young men who work in high school gain additional, “indirect” wage benefits by taking vocational courses and gaining above-average work experience after graduation.
Aging Reduces Proliferative Capacities of Liver by Switching Pathways of C/EBPα Growth Arrest

The liver is capable of completely regenerating itself in response to injury and after partial hepatectomy. In liver of old animals, the proliferative response is dramatically reduced, the mechanism for which is unknown. The liver specific protein, C/EBPalpha, normally arrests proliferation of hepatocytes through inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases (cdks). We present evidence that aging switches the liver-specific pathway of C/EBPalpha growth arrest to repression of E2F transcription. We identified an age-specific C/EBPalpha-Rb-E2F4 complex that binds to E2F-dependent promoters and represses these genes. The C/EBPalpha-Rb-E2F4 complex occupies the c-myc promoter and blocks induction of c-myc in livers of old animals after partial hepatectomy. Our results show that the age-dependent switch from cdk inhibition to repression of E2F transcription causes a loss of proliferative response in the liver because of an inability to induce E2F target genes after partial hepatectomy providing a possible mechanism for the age-dependent loss of liver regenerative capacity.
Instruction-induced feature binding.

In order to test whether or not instructions specifying the stimulus–response (S–R) mappings for a new task suffice to create bindings between specified stimulus and response features, we developed a dual task paradigm of the ABBA type in which participants saw new S–R instructions for the A-task in the beginning of each trial. Immediately after the A-task instructions, participants had to perform a logically independent B-task. The imperative stimulus for the A-task was presented after the B-task had been executed. The present data show that the instructed S–R mappings influence performance on the embedded B-task, even when they (1) have never been practiced, and (2) are irrelevant with respect to the B-task. These results imply that instructions can induce bindings between S- and R-features without prior execution of the task at hand.
Influence of systemic lupus erythematosus on procedure selection and outcomes of patients undergoing isolated mitral valve surgery.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE as a risk factor for adverse outcomes during mitral surgery has not been studied. The purpose of this investigation was to compare procedure selection and outcomes of patients with and without SLE. Methods: The 2005–2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was searched to identify patients ≥18 years of age undergoing isolated mitral repair or replacement. Patients with and without SLE were compared on baseline characteristics and hospital outcomes. Within patients with SLE, those undergoing repair and replacement were compared. Results: SLE patients comprised 0.9% (620/70,969) of the isolated mitral valve surgery population. Patients with SLE were significantly younger, more likely to be female, less likely to be white, had higher Charlson comorbidity index, and less often presented electively. Patients with SLE had a higher incidence of prolonged hospitalization (LOS > 10 days; 44.4% vs. 34.7%, p = 0.0392). Mortality was similar for patients with and without SLE undergoing isolated mitral valve surgery (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.28–2.05, p = 0.5821). Patients with SLE were less likely to have mitral valve repair (27.1% vs. 45.6%, p = 0.0002). Baseline characteristics were similar between SLE repair and replacement subsets. Median LOS was higher for replacement (10 days vs. 7 days, p = 0.0014). Hospital mortality was 0% for SLE mitral repair patients and <4.0% for SLE replacement patients. Conclusions: Patients with SLE present for isolated mitral valve surgery at a much younger age and with worse preoperative profiles. Although mitral repair rates were lower in patients with SLE, hospital outcomes were excellent, and comparable to those of patients without SLE. (J Card Surg 2012;27:29–33)
Prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum in Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon at Columbia and Snake River Hatcheries, 1993–1996

Abstract We monitored the prevalence and severity of Renibacterium salmoninarum (RS) infections in juvenile hatchery spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at eight Columbia and Snake river hatcheries from 1993 through 1996. This study followed a prior study that monitored RS in the same hatcheries from 1988 through 1992. In the current study, we found that the prevalence of RS-positive fish declined at two hatcheries relative to the preceding 5 years. Prevalence dropped from near 90% in 1992 to below 50% at both sites by 1993 and was less than 20% at three locations in 1995. In contrast, prevalence increased at four of seven sites in 1993 and six of seven sites in 1994. This indicated that previously reported declines in RS prevalence at these locations might have been temporary. Our results showed that in 1993 the majority of fish at all monitored hatcheries had low RS-antigen levels and remained that way at most locations through 1996. These results suggest that certain hatchery practices may l...
Fluidic applications for atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microcantilever sensors

This review presents the fundamentals of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microcantilever probes and their use as fluidic sensors for the measurement of micro/nanoscale transport properties. Over the last two decades, AFM has been widely used for, among other purposes, nanoscale topography, nanomechanical characterization, and intermolecular force spectroscopy. Furthermore, a microcantilever, an essential part of AFM, has been modified and exploited as a mechanical transducer for various sensing applications. Among many prospective uses, there appears to be great potential for micro/nanoscale sensing of fluid density and viscosity (Sect. 3.1), temperature (Sect. 3.2), pressure (Sect. 3.3), and flow velocity (Sect. 3.4). These micro/nanomechanical measurement techniques are expected to complement the advanced optical and electrical measurement techniques currently employed for micro/nanoscale fluidic sensors and also to fill the gap between microscale and nanoscale fluidic transport property measurements.
Absorption in X-ray spectra of high-redshift quasars

We present evidence that X-ray absorption is common in high-redshift quasars. We have studied six high-redshift (z approximately 3) quasars with the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) of which four are in directions of low Galactic N(sub H). Three out of these four show excess absorption, while only three in approximately 50 z approximately less than 0.4 quasars do, indicating that such absorption must be common, but not ubiquitous, at high redshifts, and that the absorbers must lie at z greater than 0.4. The six quasars were: S5 0014+81, Q0420-388, PKS 0438-436, S4 0636+680. PKS 2000-330, PKS 2126-158, which have redshifts between 2.85 and 3.78. PKS 0438-436 and PKS 2126-158 show evidence for absorption above the local Galactic value at better than 99.999% confidence level. If the absorber is at the redshift of the quasar, then values of N(sub H) = (0.86(+0.49, -0.28)) x 10(exp 22) atoms/sq cm for PKS 0438-436, and N(sub H) = (1.45(+1.20, -0.64)) x 10(exp 22) atoms/ sq cm for PKS 2126-158, are implied, assuming solar abundances. The spectrum of S4 0636+680 also suggests the presence of a similarly large absorption column density at the 98% confidence level. This absorption reverses the trend for the most luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) to have the least X-ray absorption, so a new mechanism is likely to be responsible. Intervening absorption due to damped Lyman(alpha) systems is a plausible cause. We also suggest, as an intrinsic model, that intracluster material, e.g., a cooling flow, around the quasar could account for both the X-ray spectrum and other properties of these quasars. All the quasars are radio-loud and three are gigahertz peaked (two of the three showing absorption). No excess absorption above the Galactic value is seen toward Q0420-388. This quasar has two damped Lyman(alpha) systems at z = 3.08. The limit on the X-ray column density implies a low ionization fraction, N(H I)/N(H) approximately greater than 4 x 10(exp -3) (3 (sigma)), for solar abundances, for these systems, and can set a weak limit on the size of the absorber. In the emitted frame these PSPC spectra cover the band approximately 0.5-10 keV, which has been well observed for low-redshift quasars and AGN. Comparison of high and low-redshift spectra in this emitted band shows no change of mean spectral index greater than Delta alpha(sub E) greater than 0.3 (99% confidence) with either redshift or luminosity, for radio-loud quasars.
Genetic fuzzy control for time-varying delayed uncertain systems with a robust stability safeguard

This paper proposes a new delay-independent stability criterion for uncertain systems with state time-varying delay. Then, a robust state feedback control law based on it is constructed via sequential quadratic programming method to stabilize uncertain systems. Add a proposed FLC with a small number of rules and membership functions to the above-mentioned robust state feedback control law such that not only closed-loop uncertain systems with time-varying delay are robust stable but also output performance approaches desired one. An example given illustrates the availability of the proposed design method.
A Model for Simulating Polarization Switching and AF-F Phase Changes in Ferroelectric Ceramics

A computational micromechanics model for polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics developed by Chen and Lynch (1997) is modified and applied to the simulation of ferroelectric and ferroelastic switching of the tetragonal and the rhombohedral crystal structures, and to antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase changes. Interactions between different grains in the ceramic are considered. Two switching criteria are used, one for ferroelectric switching and one or phase changes. Experimental results for both types of materials are simulated.
Auroral substorm timescales: IMF and seasonal variations

[1] The timescales and phases of auroral substorm activity are quantified in this study using the hemispheric power computed from Polar Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) observations. With this approach we are able to determine substorm phase self consistently from the UVI optical measurements without needing any ancillary metrics for auroral activity. This technique also allows us to combine a quantitative measurement of substorm timescales with the qualitative description of auroral morphology during each event. We show how the characteristics of substorms vary with IMF BZ orientation and season for several hundred substorm events. Substorm intensity, as measured by the rate of energy deposition by electron precipitation, exhibits greater variation with IMF BZ orientation than with season. The timescale of substorm expansion shows comparable variation with both IMF BZ orientation and season. On the other hand, substorm recovery times vary more strongly with season than with IMF BZ direction. The recovery time for substorm activity is well ordered by whether or not the nightside auroral region is sunlit: substorms occurring in the winter and equinox periods have similar recovery timescales which are both roughly a factor of two longer than that for summer when the auroral oval is sunlit. However, IMF BZ orientation is shown to have a strong modulating effect on both substorm expansion and recovery timescales during the summer. The winter-summer asymmetries in the aurora described by previous studies are more completely explained by the seasonal variations of substorm recovery timescales characterized in this work. Our results support the hypothesis that the ionosphere plays an active role in governing the dynamics of the aurora.
The influence of annealing on the electrical properties of cold-worked Ag-Pd alloys☆

Abstract The influence of annealing on the electrical resistivity and Hall constant of cold-worked silver-palladium alloys has been determined. In addition, a study was made of the effect of cold working on the magnetic susceptibility and thermoelectric power of these alloys. Two processes occur during annealing. One causes an increase in resistivity. This appears to be due to a decrease in the number of conduction electrons as indicated by the Hall constant becoming more negative. This is attributed to the re-establishment of short-range order which is destroyed by cold working. The other process causes a decrease in resistivity. This is probably due to the elimination of lattice defects, principally vacancies, which results in a reduction of electron scattering. These opposing processes are influenced to different degrees by the amount of prior plastic deformation and the annealing temperature. The magnetic susceptibility of a 9.5% and of a 41.8% Pd alloy is not appreciably altered by cold work. These alloys are diamagnetic and exhibit no change in magnetic susceptibility between −196°C and room temperature. The relative change in absolute thermoelectric power produced by cold working deviates negatively for all compositions from that of pure silver. These observations support the hypothesis that short-range order exists in the annealed alloys and that it is destroyed by cold working. The effect of short-range order on resistivity, Hall constant and thermoelectric power is discussed in terms of both Gibson's theory and the superzone concept.
Synthesis of Molybdenum(VI) Monoimido Alkyl and Alkylidene Complexes

In this paper we report the synthesis of several new Mo(NR)Cl4(THF) species (R = C6F5, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3, 1-adamantyl, CPh3, and 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) via the treatment of MoCl4(THF)2 with azides and their r...
Ni and Zn Sorption to Amorphous versus Crystalline Iron Oxides: Macroscopic Studies

Amorphous and crystalline iron oxides are prevalent in subsurface systems and are important surfaces for metal contaminant sorption. While discrete amorphous iron oxide is microporous with particles ranging from 1 to 100 μm resulting in significant contributions from intraparticle diffusion, the degree to which this process is important for crystalline iron oxides such as goethite was studied in this work. The porosity of goethite was found to be only 0.3% with pores ranging from micro to macro; however, measurements are conducted with freeze-dried oxide. The particle size distribution was observed to be bimodal with overall smaller sizes than that observed for the amorphous iron oxide. Long-term sorption studies for Ni and Zn where a constant boundary constant was maintained revealed no change in the amount sorbed as a function of time. On the other hand, sorption due to intraparticle diffusion in amorphous iron oxide accounts for as much as 40% of the total amount sorbed. Interestingly, although ferrihydrite is a precursor to goethite, enthalpies demonstrated that adsorption to goethite involves greater forces than those for the amorphous form. In addition, site densities were observed to be as much as 3 orders of magnitude greater for amorphous iron oxide than for goethite. Overall, this crystalline oxide does not have significant microporosity.
Impact of thermal constraints on the optimal design of high-level waste repositories in geologic media

Abstract An approximate, semi-analytical heat conduction model for predicting the time-dependent temperature distribution in the region of a high-level waste repository has been developed. The model provides the basis for a systematic, inexpensive examination of the impact of several independent thermal design constraints on key repository design parameters and for determining the optimal set of design parameters which satisfy these constraints. Illustrative calculations have been carried out for conceptual repository designs for spent pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel and reprocessed PWR high-level waste in salt and granite media.
Creating independent voices: The emergence of statewide family advocacy networks

The efforts of 28 statewide family advocacy networks (SFNs) as they aim to promote family support, system change, and enhancement of self-governing capacities are the foci of this article. This systematic study of the developments and activities of statewide family advocacy networks has provided a rich qualitative database that documents the diversity and types of organizational arrangements, the increase in outside financial resources, the extent to which ethnically and culturally diverse people are involved, and the commonly used outreach strategies to increase minority participation. Clearly, statewide family networks are demonstrably capable of selfgovernance and provision of family support, and play an important role in addressing children's mental health system of care and legislative issues. The data point to a number of future studies as SFNs pursue their objectives. Implications for social service providers and agency directors seeking ways and means to creatively include parents in the delivery and administration of mental health programs are raised as topics for future studies.
Thermochemistry of the high structural state plagioclases

Abstract The enthalpies of solution of a suite of 19 high-structural state synthetic plagioclases were measured in a Pb2B2O5 melt at 970 K. The samples were crystallized from analyzed glasses at 1200°C and 20 kbar pressure in a piston-cylinder apparatus. A number of runs were also made on Amelia albite and Amelia albite synthetically disordered at 1050–1080°C and one bar for one month and at 1200°C and 20 kbar for 10 hr. The component oxides of anorthite, CaO, Al2O3 and SiO2, were remeasured. The ΔH of disorder of albite inferred in the present study from albite crystallized from glass is 3.23 kcal, which agrees with the 3.4 found by Holm and Kleppa (1968). It is not certain whether this value includes the ΔH of a reversible displacive transition to monoclinic symmetry, as suggested by Helgeson et al. (1978) for the Holm-Kleppa results. The enthalpy of solution value for albite accepted for the solid solution series is based on the heat-treated Amelia albite and is 2.86 kcal less than for untreated Amelia albite. The enthalpy of formation from the oxides at 970 K of synthetic anorthite is −24.06 ± 0.31 kcal, significantly higher than the −23.16 kcal found by Charlu et al. (1978), and in good agreement with the value of −23.89 ± 0.82 given by Robie et al. (1979), based on acid calorimetry. The excess enthalpy of mixing in high plagioclase can be represented by the expression, valid at 970 K: ΔHex(±0.16 kcal) = 6.7461 XabX2An + 2.0247 XAnX2Ab where XAb and XAn are, respectively, the mole fractions of NaAlSi3O8 and CaAl2Si2O8. This ΔHex, together with the mixing entropy of Kerrick and Darken's (1975) Al-avoidance model, reproduces almost perfectly the free energy of mixing found by Orville (1972) in aqueous cation-exchange experiments at 700°C. It is likely that Al-avoidance is the significant stabilizing factor in the high plagioclase series, at least for XAn≥ 0.3. At high temperatures the plagioclases have nearly the free energies of ideal one-site solid solutions. The Al-avoidance model leads to the following Gibbs energy of mixing for the high plagioclase series: ΔG mix = ΔH ex + RT X Ab ln[X 2 Ab (2 − X Ab )]+ X An ln [X An (1+X An ) 2 ] 4 . The entropy and enthalpy of mixing should be very nearly independent of temperature because of the unlikelihood of excess heat capacity in the albite-anorthite join.
Image-guided transorbital procedures with endoscopic video augmentation.

Purpose: Surgical interventions to the orbital space behind the eyeball are limited to highly invasive procedures due to the confined nature of the region along with the presence of several intricate soft tissue structures. A minimally invasive approach to orbital surgery would enable several therapeutic options, particularly new treatment protocols for optic neuropathies such as glaucoma. The authors have developed an image-guided system for the purpose of navigating a thin flexible endoscope to a specified target region behind the eyeball. Navigation within the orbit is particularly challenging despite its small volume, as the presence of fat tissue occludes the endoscopic visual field while the surgeon must constantly be aware of optic nerve position. This research investigates the impact of endoscopic video augmentation to targeted image-guided navigation in a series of anthropomorphic phantom experiments. Methods: A group of 16 surgeons performed a target identification task within the orbits of four skull phantoms. The task consisted of identifying the correct target, indicated by the augmented video and the preoperative imaging frames, out of four possibilities. For each skull, one orbital intervention was performed with video augmentation, while the other was done with the standard image guidance technique, in random order. Results: The authors measured a target identification accuracy of 95.3% and 85.9% for the augmented and standard cases, respectively, with statistically significant improvement in procedure time (Z = −2.044, p = 0.041) and intraoperator mean procedure time (Z = 2.456, p = 0.014) when augmentation was used. Conclusions: Improvements in both target identification accuracy and interventional procedure time suggest that endoscopic video augmentation provides valuable additional orientation and trajectory information in an image-guided procedure. Utilization of video augmentation in transorbital interventions could further minimize complication risk and enhance surgeon comfort and confidence in the procedure.
Ultrafast Studies on the Photophysics of Matrix-Isolated Radical Cations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Ultrafast relaxation dynamics for photoexcited PAH cations isolated in boric acid glass have been studied using femtosecond and picosecond transient grating spectroscopy. With the exception of perylene+, the recovery kinetics for the ground doublet (D0) states of these radical cations are biexponential, containing fast (<200 fs) and slow (3−20 ps) components. No temperature dependence or isotope effect was observed for the fast component, whereas the slow component exhibits both the H/D isotope effect (1.1−1.3) and a strong temperature dependence (15 to 300 K). We suggest that the fast component is due to internal Dn to D0 conversion and that the slow component is due to vibrational energy transfer (VET) from a hot D0 state to the glass matrix. The observed rapid, efficient deactivation of the photoexcited PAH cations accounts for their remarkable photostability and has important implications for astrochemistry because these cations are the leading candidates for the species responsible for the diffuse in...
The Central Role of Phosphatidylserine in the Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Thymocytes

: Apoptotic thymocytes inactivate the aminophospholipid translocase, which transports phosphatidylserine (PS) to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, and activate the scramblase, which randomizes phospholipids across the membrane and brings PS to the cell surface. Although different macrophages use at least two different systems to recognize and engulf apoptotic thymocytes, both systems recognize PS on the apoptotic target. Thymocytes treated with Ca2+ and ionophore to inactivate the translocase and activate the scramblase immediately expose PS on their surface and are immediately recognized and phagocytosed. These targets, on which PS has been artificially exposed, are recognized by the PS exposed on their surface. However, they apparently also engage the vitronectic receptor, a lectin-like receptor and CD14. All of these receptors are implicated in the phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes, suggesting that loss of asymmetry and/or exposure of PS is sufficient to generate the ligands recognized by those receptors. The role of PS is not confined to the target cell surface, however. PS is constitutively exposed on the surface of macrophages and is as necessary for apoptotic cell engulfment as is recognition of PS on the target cell surface.
ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION AND THE FIRM'S INPUT OF CAPITAL AND LABOR

Recently there has been increased interest in accelerated depreciation as a policy tool that could induce firms to invest more and so lead to faster growth rates of productivity and output. These issues have been discussed at various times in the past with some ambiguous conclusions, but with the consensus being that the goal of increased investment (at least) would likely follow its introduction. In this paper, it is shown that in the context of a neo‐classical production model of the firm, accelerated depreciation schemes will not necessarily lead to increased investment, which is the general result of the analysis. The technique used shows how sufficient conditions may be obtained for accelerated depreciation to result in increased investment. The models that are used are relatively uncomplicated. In the first part of the paper it is assumed that the time horizon of the firm is only one period, although final capital stock is explicitly included, and in the second part of the paper the model is extended to a two period horizon. To extend the planning period of the firm further, perhaps to infinity or some general period, “T”, would simply require an increased use of symbols and an increase in the complexity of the process. It would not change the basic result of this paper, which shows that increased investment does not necessarily follow from accelerated depreciation, ceteris paribus.
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF GENES ENCODING RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS OF AMITOCHONDRIATE PROTISTS : L1 OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS AND L29 OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA

Two genes encoding the ribosomal proteins were cloned and sequenced from amitochondriate protists, L1 (L10a in mammalian nomenclature) from Trichomonas vaginalis and L29 (L35 in mammalian nomenclature) from Giardia lamblia. The deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed by sequence alignments and phylogenetic reconstructions. Both the T. vaginalis L1 and the G. lamblia L29 displayed eukaryotic sequence features, when compared with all the homologs from the three primary kingdoms.
Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness.

Abstract A distinction is proposed between anxiety (frequency of symptom occurrence) and anxiety sensitivity (beliefs that anxiety experiences have negative implications). In Study 1, a newly-constructed Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) was shown to have sound psychometric properties for each of two samples of college students. The important finding was that people who tend to endorse one negative implication for anxiety also tend to endorse other negative implications. In Study 2, the ASI was found to be especially associated with agoraphobia and generally associated with anxiety disorders. In Study 3, the ASI explained variance on the Fear Survey Schedule—II that was not explained by either the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale or a reliable Anxiety Frequency Checklist. In predicting the development of fears, and possibly other anxiety disorders, it may be more important to know what the person thinks will happen as a result of becoming anxious than how often the person actually experiences anxiety. Implications are discussed for competing views of the ‘fear of fear’.
Photoionization-excitation and double photoionization of He@C60

The R-matrix with pseudostates (RMPS) and time-dependent close-coupling (TDCC) methods are used to calculate photoionization-excitation and double photoionization cross sections of He and He@C60.
Effect of isoelectronic substitution on magnetic properties of Ni2Mn(GaB) Heusler alloys

We have studied the structural and magnetic properties of Ni2MnGa1−xBx Heusler alloys with 0≤x≤0.25 using x-ray diffraction, thermal expansion, electrical resistivity, and magnetization measurements. The magnetization measurements were made within the temperature interval of 5–400 K and at applied magnetic field of 0–5 T. The samples with low B concentrations (x<0.05) were found to be of the cubic L21 phase at 300 K. A martensitic phase along with the cubic L21 phase appears for x≥0.05, and the amount of the martensitic phase was found to increase with increasing x. The critical concentration of the boron substitution (within which Heusler phases exist) was found to be around x = 0.1. The cubic cell parameter was observed to decrease with increasing x in the interval 0≤x≤0.1. The alloys were ferromagnetically ordered at 5 K and the saturation magnetization (MS) was found to decrease with increasing boron concentration. The Curie temperatures (TC) and martensitic transition temperatures (TM) for the alloys with 0≤x≤0.25 have been determined and a phase (T–x) diagram has been constructed. TM increases rapidly and TC decreases slowly with increasing B concentration in the interval 0≤x≤0.1. The dependence of the phase transition temperatures and magnetization on B concentration is discussed.
Using dispersion and mesoscale meteorological models to forecast pollen concentrations

Abstract This work describes the results of research into a source-oriented pollen concentration forecasting technique. Tests were conducted using the National Center for Atmospheric Research/ Penn State Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT_4) Model combined with the locations of oak trees and their aerial coverage from biogenic emissions land cover database version 3.1 (BELD3). Daily forecasts of pollen concentrations via MM5 and HYSPLIT_4 were made with 30-min increments and tested against 30-min oak pollen data collected by the St. Louis County Department of Health in Clayton, Missouri, for the month of April 2000. Results from these tests show that the combination of MM5 and HYSPLIT_4 with accurate source locations can provide short-term forecasts as indicated by the levels of forecast pollen and actual oak pollen levels, which follow similar profiles for the day. From the 30 individual pollen concentration forecasts, two example forecasts are presented. Additional studies need to be conducted to further validate these results, using an array of pollen collectors. A better understanding of the biology of pollen release is critical to improving these pollen concentration forecasts.
FINAL NEUTRINO OSCILLATION RESULTS FROM LSND

The LSND experiment at Los Alamos has conducted searches for oscillations using from μ+ decay at rest and for νμ→νe oscillations using νμ from π+ decay in flight. For the search, a total excess of 83.3±21.2±12.0 events is observed with e+ energy between 20 and 60MeV. If attributed to neutrino oscillations, the most favored allowed region is a band from 0.2 to 2.0eV2.
The free amino acids of serum during development of M. mulatta. I. During the first year of life.

Extract: The serum levels of free amino acids have been investigated during the first year of postnatal life in the rhesus monkey (M. mulatta). Samples of umbilical vein blood were obtained following normal full-term pregnancies. Infant monkeys were fed Similac®, a proprietary milk formulation with constant amino acid composition, at four-hour intervals throughout the first year of life. Blood samples were obtained at 2 weeks and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, and the serum analyzed for all free amino acids. A wide range of values was evident for each amino acid at each age studied (table I). When all values obtained for each amino acid during the entire first year were analyzed, however, it was apparent that taurine, lysine, and 3-methyl-histidine were significantly elevated, and serine, tyrosine, and leucine were significantly reduced in the umbilical vein samples. By the end of the first month of life, values for all amino acids were within the normal range for adolescent and nonpregnant adult animals; further significant changes in amino acid levels did not occur during the remainder of the year of study. Speculation: The nutritional correlates of growth and development in most laboratory animals are sufficiently different from those in the human to question their use in studies related to human nutrition. This study demonstrates that the patterns of change in the free amino acids of serum in the infant rhesus monkey are generally comparable to those observed in the human infant, and indicates that this species may be a suitable experimental counterpart for investigations of protein and amino acid metabolism which cannot be performed in children.
Current management of high-energy tibial plateau fractures

Summary High-energy tibial plateau fractures present a therapeutic challenge to the orthopaedic trauma surgeon, both in terms of the osseous injury as well as the concomitant soft-tissue insult. Surgical treatment has evolved to address these fractures in a more biologically favourable manner without further compromising the soft tissues. We present a summary of these injuries and outline the contemporary approaches to treatment. Potential complications and their avoidance are also discussed. Outcomes following these injuries are reviewed to assist with determination of treatment goals.
Persistent infection with human cytomegalovirus in a lymphoblastoid cell line

Abstract Cells from a line of human lymphocytes originating from a leukemic patient were persistently infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The infected culture has persistently yielded HCMV with titers ranging from 2 × 10 4 to 3 × 10 5 PFU/ml over a period of 1 year. Infectious center and fluorescent antigen assays and electron microscopic examination indicated that 1–10% of the cells were infected. It appears that persistent infection is due to a balance between release of virus and the growth of uninfected cells rather than to a defective or temperature-sensitive mutant of HCMV. The treatment of persistently infected cultures with anti-HCMV serum resulted in curing the virus infection. Cured cells in culture grew at the same rate as normal uninfected cells and became resistant to HCMV infection and relatively resistant to HSV infection.
Recall memory for visually presented chess positions.

A series of three experiments replicated and extended earlier research reported by Chase and Simon (1973), de Groot (1965), and Charness (Note 1). The first experiment demonstrated that the relationship between memory for chess positions and chess skill varies directly with the amount of chess-specific information in the stimulus display. The second experiment employed tachistoscopic displays to incrementally “build” tournament chess positions by meaningful or nonmeaningful chunks and demonstrated that meaningful piece groupings during presentation markedly enhance subsequent recall performance. The third experiment tested memory for one of two positions presented in immediate sequence and demonstrated that explanations based on a limited-capacity short-term memory (Chase & Simon, 1973) are not adequate for explaining performance on this memory task.
Iron overload in myelodysplastic syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis that leads to peripheral cytopenias. Iron overload results from high transfusion requirements and retrospective studies have shown it to be associated with relatively poor survival in a subset of the low risk patients. Recent discoveries have led to the identification of hepcidin as a key regulator of iron metabolism and to the association of non-transferrin bound iron moieties, such as labile plasma iron, with the end organ damage in iron overload states. Currently, there is limited data in evaluating the role of iron chelators in MDS and data from studies in Thalassemia and hemachromostosis have been used to predict ferritin levels above 1000 – 2500 ng/mL and history of 20 blood transfusions as clinical end points for considering iron chelation in MDS. Deferoxamine and deferasirox, the two iron chelators approved for use in the US, have shown efficacy in reducing iron overload in MDS in retrospective stud...
Optimal allocation of a work force in a toxic substance environment

Abstract Both industrial firms and governmental agencies are concerned with the high risks and costs of safety management in the work place. Manufacturers are interested in (1) operating efficiently in situations where toxic substances affect workers and (2) complyinhg with OSHA regulations. However, technological advances in manufacturing processes produce changes in the number, varieties and levels of toxic substances that affect manufacturing operations. An approach to model and solve the allocation and scheduling of a work force in a toxic substance environment as a linear progrmaming problem is presented. The firm's objective is to maximize utilization of the work force, without violating any OSHA standards. A variety of operational situations are analyzed to illustrate the modeling approach, the use of a low cost commercially available software package for a microcomputer and the results obtained.
Absolute cross sections for electron-impact single ionization of Si+ and Si2+

Absolute cross sections for electron-impact single ionization of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Si}}^{2+}$ have been measured using crossed beams of ions and electrons and calculated using a configuration-average distorted-wave method. Corrections have been made for metastable components and small fractions of nitrogen impurities in the incident ion beams. Excitation-autoionization measurably enhances the cross sections of both ${\mathrm{Si}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Si}}^{2+}$. Ionization rate coefficients and fitting parameters are presented for the experimental data.
Epigenetic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of leading cause of cancer related deaths in men. Various aspects of cancer epigenetics are rapidly evolving and the role of 2 major epigenetic changes including DNA methylation and histone modifications in prostate cancer is being studied widely. The epigenetic changes are early event in the cancer development and are reversible. Novel epigenetic markers are being studied, which have the potential as sensitive diagnostic and prognostic marker. Variety of drugs targeting epigenetic changes are being studied, which can be effective individually or in combination with other conventional drugs in PC treatment. In this review, we discuss epigenetic changes associated with PC and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications including future areas of research.
ENRICHMENT OUTCOME RESEARCH:A META‐ANALYSIS OF PREMARITAL, MARITAL AND FAMILY INTERVENTIONS

The findings from a meta-analysis of 85 studies of premarital, marital, and family enrichment, representing 3,886 couples or families are presented. Metaanalysis is a method for statistically aggregating and evaluating empirical findings. Findings from the study are discussed in terms of overall enrichment effectiveness as well as salient program, subject, design, measurement, and analysis characteristics. The enrichment studies yielded an average effect size of .44, which indicates that the average person who participates in enrichment is better off following intervention than 67% of those who do not. The most powerful factors related to outcome were measurement variables rather than those related to program content, structure, leadership, or participant characteristics. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Audio-video array source separation for perceptual user interfaces

Steerable microphone arrays provide a flexible infrastructure for audio source separation. In order for them to be used effectively in perceptual user interfaces, there must be a mechanism in place for steering the focus of the array to the sound source. Audio-only steering techniques often perform poorly in the presence of multiple sound sources or strong reverberation. Video-only techniques can achieve high spatial precision but require that the audio and video subsystems be accurately calibrated to preserve this precision. We present an audio-video localization technique that combines the benefits of the two modalities. We implement our technique in a test environment containing multiple stereo cameras and a room-sized microphone array. Our technique achieves an 8.9 dB improvement over a single far-field microphone and a 6.7 dB improvement over source separation based on video-only localization.
Common variants in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) associated with plasma adiponectin levels, type 2 diabetes, and diabetes-related quantitative traits: the Framingham Offspring Study.

OBJECTIVE— Variants in ADIPOQ have been inconsistently associated with adiponectin levels or diabetes. Using comprehensive linkage disequilibrium mapping, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ to evaluate the association of common variants with adiponectin levels and risk of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Participants in the Framingham Offspring Study ( n = 2,543, 53% women) were measured for glycemic phenotypes and incident diabetes over 28 years of follow-up; adiponectin levels were quantified at exam 7. We genotyped 22 tag SNPs that captured common (minor allele frequency >0.05) variation at r 2 > 0.8 across ADIPOQ plus 20 kb 5′ and 10 kb 3′ of the gene. We used linear mixed effects models to test additive associations of each SNP with adiponectin levels and glycemic phenotypes. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes were estimated using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS— Two promoter SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other ( r 2 = 0.80) were associated with adiponectin levels (rs17300539; P nominal [ P n ] = 2.6 × 10 −8 ; P empiric [ P e ] = 0.0005 and rs822387; P n = 3.8 × 10 −5 ; P e = 0.001). A 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) SNP (rs6773957) was associated with adiponectin levels ( P n = 4.4 × 10 −4 ; P e = 0.005). A nonsynonymous coding SNP (rs17366743, Y111H) was confirmed to be associated with diabetes incidence (HR 1.94 [95% CI 1.16–3.25] for the minor C allele; P n = 0.01) and with higher mean fasting glucose over 28 years of follow-up ( P n = 0.0004; P e = 0.004). No other significant associations were found with other adiposity and metabolic phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS— Adiponectin levels are associated with SNPs in two different regulatory regions (5′ promoter and 3′UTR), whereas diabetes incidence and time-averaged fasting glucose are associated with a missense SNP of ADIPOQ .