cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacterial growth and the decomposition of particulate organic carbon collected in sediment traps

Abstract We have studied bacterial abundance and production in samples from sediment traps deployed for 1 and 100 days in several areas of the shelf and slope regions of the Middle Atlantic Bight, U.S.A. By making a series of assumptions about bacterial growth at the expense of POC in traps, we have estimated that the turnover time of organic particles collected in traps during long deployments is slow (mean 1500 ± 300 days), if only bacterial activity is considered. However the abundance and biomass of bacteria in traps is very high, ranging from 3 to 30 × 10 11 cells gC −1 , i.e., 0.3 to 3% of the POC is bacterial carbon. Fifteen to 88% of the particles in traps were colonized by bacteria, but usually about half the particles had only 0 to 1 cell attached. Growth of bacteria was observed at all scales relevant to these trap deployments; over periods ranging from hours to weeks, at rates of 0.01 to 0.3 d −1 . In spite of slow growth, bacteria appeared to be physiologically active in that [ 3 H]adenine and [ 3 H]thymidine were incorporated more rapidly into RNA and protein than into DNA. Total incorporation rates were high. We conclude that even relatively old (ca. 1 y) POC in sediment traps supports high levels of active bacterial biomass, but that POC decomposition is slow, so that bacteria may not be the principal agents of POC turnover following collection.
Evolutionary innovations in cardiac pacing

Cardiac pacing has played a significant role in mitigating morbidity and mortality associated with bradyarrhythmias. Throughout the years, advances made in battery reliability, lead performance, and device portability have rapidly expanded the use of cardiac pacemakers in many different disease states. Despite the benefits, there has been growing awareness of the potential deleterious effects of long-term artificial electrical stimulation including the development of ventricular dyssynchrony and atrial fibrillation. Given their association with an increased risk for heart failure and possibly death, several advances aimed at minimizing them have been made in recent years including changes in atrioventricular pacing algorithms, novel pacing mode modifications, and better identification of hemodynamically optimal pacing sites. This article reviews the advances made and the future direction of innovations in cardiac pacing.
Sinoatrial block due to tocainide.

A propos d'une femme traitee avec le tocainide pour trouble du rythme et presentant un bloc sinoatrial et des arrets du sinus
Modular Wireless Avionics System for Autonomous UAVs

This paper presents an integrated effort by the different universities in the state of Kansas on the development of an open source modular wireless avionics system for both fixed and rotary-wing aircraft. Development of hardware and software to enhance the airborne processing performance at a reduced price is discussed. Also discussed are a flight management system implemented on a fixed wing UAV and the software development and modeling of INS/GPS. Methods to incorporate the flight management system to the modular avionics system are presented. The paper also highlights the development of the dynamic model for UAV helicopters. The dynamic model will be used for the development of an automatic flight control system that will be integrated with the modular avionics systems. Various aspects of communication related problems are also discussed.
Prolactin in the Horse: Historical Perspective, Actions and Reactions, and Its Role in Reproduction

Prolactin is a hormone with diverse biological effects in various species. The secretion of prolactin in horses is affected by season, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, dopaminergic and antidopaminergic agents, exercise and stressful stimuli, meal feeding, estrogen treatment, and antiopioidergic agents. The need of prolactin for mammary growth and lactation in mares has been elucidated from research on endophyte-infected fescue grazing and its associated problems in late gestation. This has led to the development of treatments for fescue toxicity and protocols for inducing lactation in nonpregnant mares. Treatment with prolactin has demonstrated that it is involved with the shedding of the winter coat in spring (increasing concentrations) and likely with the growth of the winter coat in the fall (decreasing concentrations). Prolactin secretion is highly correlated with the photoperiod and is low in winter and high in summer. The coincidence of rising prolactin concentrations in blood with the onset of ovarian activity during the spring transition period in mares led to research showing that prolactin treatment, or inducement of high prolactin secretion by means of antidopaminergic agents, in winter can induce ovarian activity and ovulation in seasonally anovulatory mares. The combination of a small amount of estrogen in addition to an antidopaminergic agent has been shown to produce a synergy resulting in very high prolactin concentrations in blood. The results of 39 years of research on equine prolactin illustrate nicely how the gradual accumulation of knowledge derived from basic research questions can generate applied solutions to real-world problems.
A bit-serial VLSI receptive field accumulator

A digital bit-serial VLSI chip for accumulating neural activations of a population of neurons that form a linear receptive field is discussed. This type of VLSI circuit is complementary to the best-match classifiers described in the literature. The circuit is called a brute force detector (BFD). The authors have designed and fabricated a prototype BFD neuron cascade through MOSIS in a 3-mm p-well CMOS process (M83M run). The results indicate that a wafer-scale, restructurable version of a detector could be constructed that could implement on the order of 105 receptive fields. A receiver using a cascade of such wafers would be of great practical value for radar and sonar applications as well as useful for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: structural basis of ligand efficacy and allosteric modulation.

Most working proteins, including metabolic enzymes, transcription regulators, and membrane receptors, transporters, and ion channels, share the property of allosteric coupling. The term 'allosteric' means that these proteins mediate indirect interactions between sites that are physically separated on the protein. In the example of ligand-gated ion channels, the binding of a suitable ligand elicits local conformational changes at the binding site, which are coupled to further conformational changes in regions distant from the binding site. The physical motions finally arrive at the site of biological activity: the ion-permeating pore. The conformational changes that lead from the ligand binding to the actual opening of the pore comprise 'gating'. In 1956, del Castillo and Katz suggested that the competition between different ligands at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) could be explained by formation of an intermediate, ligand-bound, yet inactive state of the receptor, which separates the active state of the receptor from the initial binding of the ligand (del Castillo & Katz, 1957). This 'binding-then-gating', two-step model went beyond the then-prevailing drug-receptor model that assumes a single bimolecular binding reaction, and paralleled Stephenson's conceptual dichotomy of 'affinity' and 'efficacy' (Stephenson, 1956). In 1965 Monod, Wyman and Changeux presented a simple allosteric model (the MWC model) (Monod et al. 1965) that explained the cooperative binding of oxygen to haemoglobin; it was adopted as an important paradigm for ligand-gated channels soon after its initial formulation (Changeux et al. 1967; Karlin, 1967; Colquhoun, 1973).
A controller for continuous wave peristaltic locomotion

While soft-bodied animals have an extraordinarily diverse set of robust behaviors, soft-bodied robots have not yet achieved this flexiblity. In this paper, we explore controlling a truly continuously deformable structure with a CPG-like network. Our recently completed soft wormlike robot with a continuously deformable outer mesh, along with a continuum analysis of peristalsis, has suggested the neural control investigated here. We use a Wilson-Cowan neuronal model in a continuum arrangement that mirrors the arrangement of muscles in an earthworm. We show that such a system is well suited to incorporate sensory input and can create both rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity. The system can be controlled using straightforward descending signals whose effects are largely decoupled and can modulate the properties from CPG-like behaviors to static waves. This approach will be useful for designing robotic systems that express multiple adaptive behavioral modes.
Research on Refugee Resettlement: Implications for Instructional Programs

Since refugees from Southeast Asia first began arriving in the United States ten years ago, a great deal of research on their resettlement has accumulated. Much of this research has implications for instructional programs in the processing centers of Southeast Asia and in the United States, but it may not be easily available to program planners. This article summarizes important research on resettlement reported since 1980 and outlines implications of that research for instructional programs in ESL, pre-employment training, and cultural orientation.
Stent jail: A minimum-security prison

Small but significant side branches (particularly those with baseline ostial narrowing) may be further compromised by stent placement within parent vessel segments. Despite the theoretical risks associated with dilating branches in stent jail, the procedure was successfully completed in 84%, with minimal complications (mostly balloon rupture and local dissection) and no cases of balloon entrapment or deterioration of the final result achieved in the parent vessel.
Reef-coral refugia in a rapidly changing ocean.

This study sought to identify climate-change thermal-stress refugia for reef corals in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. A species distribution modeling approach was used to identify refugia for 12 coral species that differed considerably in their local response to thermal stress. We hypothesized that the local response of coral species to thermal stress might be similarly reflected as a regional response to climate change. We assessed the contemporary geographic range of each species and determined their temperature and irradiance preferences using a k-fold algorithm to randomly select training and evaluation sites. That information was applied to downscaled outputs of global climate models to predict where each species is likely to exist by the year 2100. Our model was run with and without a 1 °C capacity to adapt to the rising ocean temperature. The results show a positive exponential relationship between the current area of habitat that coral species occupy and the predicted area of habitat that they will occupy by 2100. There was considerable decoupling between scales of response, however, and with further ocean warming some ‘winners’ at local scales will likely become ‘losers’ at regional scales. We predicted that nine of the 12 species examined will lose 24– 50% of their current habitat. Most reductions are predicted to occur between the latitudes 5–15°, in both hemispheres. Yet when we modeled a 1 °C capacity to adapt, two ubiquitous species, Acropora hyacinthus and Acropora digitifera, were predicted to retain much of their current habitat. By contrast, the thermally tolerant Porites lobata is expected to increase its current distribution by 14%, particularly southward along the east and west coasts of Australia. Five areas were identified as Indian Ocean refugia, and seven areas were identified as Pacific Ocean refugia for reef corals under climate change. All 12 of these reef-coral refugia deserve high-conservation status.
Early child care choices: a theoretical model and research implications

The purpose of this study was to propose a theoretical model that relates mothers' selection of child care type to each of the contexts of the proposed model, and then to test the model in a group of forty‐seven mothers of young children (center care users, family day care users, or users in combination of the two) who were recruited in the Mid‐West. Statistical analysis was primarily performed for two groups of mothers (center care users versus family day care users) to investigate differences in each of the paths of the child care selection model. Additional analysis of the group of mothers alternating between the two found that there is a great need for child care among working mothers, and a diversity in their preference of child care type exists even with such a small sample size. Findings from the pilot study substantiated the paths in the model. Directions for future research in this area using the proposed model were provided.
Delivery room triage of large for gestational age infants of diabetic mothers

Objective:To review our 4-year experience (2008–2011) with delivery room triage of large for gestational age infants of diabetic mothers.Design/Methods:Retrospective cohort investigation of 311 large for gestational age infants of diabetic mothers (White’s Class A1 (77), A2 (87), B (77), and C-R (70)).Results:Of 311 women, 31% delivered at 34–36 weeks gestational age and 69% at term. While 70% were delivered by cesarean, 30% were vaginal deliveries. A total of 160 asymptomatic infants were triaged from the delivery room to the well baby nursery. Of these, 55 (34%) developed hypoglycemia. In 43 cases, the hypoglycemia was corrected by early feedings; in the remaining 12, intravenous dextrose treatment was required. A total of 151 infants were triaged from the delivery room to the neonatal intensive care unit. Admission diagnoses included respiratory distress (51%), prevention of hypoglycemia (27%), prematurity (21%), and asphyxia (1%). Hypoglycemia affected 66 (44%) of all neonatal intensive care unit infa...
Pulse spreading and range correction analysis for satellite laser ranging

The pulse spreading resulting from light detection and ranging measurements of the range to earth-orbiting satellites is described. An analysis quantifying this pulse spreading and the calculation of corrections to be applied to the lidar range determination of satellites is detailed.
Taxotere: Clinical Trials in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens of the 1980s have shown a small but significant impact on survival for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). New agents, including docetaxel, have shown encouraging single-agent activity in this disease. This potent microtubule stabilizing agent was selected for clinical development based on its preclinical superiority to paclitaxel. Three hundred twenty-eight (328) patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC have been enrolled in seven phase II trials of 100 mg/m² of docetaxel administered intravenously every 21 days. Four of the trials enrolled 160 chemotherapy-naive patients, and three of the trials enrolled 168 patients who failed prior platinum-containing chemotherapy. The antitumor response rate for 160 chemotherapy-naive patients was 27% (95% confidence interval: 20%-34%) with a median survival time of 9.2 months and for 168 platinum-treated patients, 17% (95% confidence interval: 11%-23%). Alopecia, fluid retention, infusion-related reactions, leukopenia, onycholysis, and rash were adverse events observed in these trials. Dexamethasone premedication lessens the frequency and severity of fluid retention, infusion-related reactions, and rash. Docetaxel demonstrates significant antitumor activity in chemotherapy-naive and platinum-treated patients with NSCLC. Trials of docetaxel in combination with carboplatin, cisplatin, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, irinotecan, and thoracic radiation and as primary chemotherapy for stage III NSCLC are in progress.
Inlet fogging of gas turbine engines. Part II: Fog droplet sizing analysis, nozzle types, measurement, and testing

The inlet fogging of gas turbine engines for power augmentation has seen increasing application over the past decade yet not a single technical paper treating the physics and engineering of the fogging process, droplet size measurement, droplet kinetics, or the duct behavior of droplets, from a gas turbine perspective, is available. This paper provides the results of extensive experimental and theoretical studies conducted over several years, coupled with practical aspects learned in the implementation of nearly 500 inlet fogging systems on gas turbines ranging in power from 5 to 250 MW. Part II of the paper treats the practical aspects of fog nozzle droplet sizing, measurement and testing presenting the information from a gas turbine fogging perspective. This paper describes the different measurement techniques available, covers design aspects of nozzles, provides experimental data on different nozzles, and provides recommendations for a standardized nozzle testing method for gas turbine inlet air fogging.
Solar electric propulsion for future NASA missions

Use of high-power solar arrays, at power levels up to a megawatt, have been proposed for a solar-electric propulsion (SEP) missions, using photovoltaic arrays to provide energy to high-power xenon-fueled engines. One of the proposed demonstrations of high-power SEP technology is a mission to rendezvous with an asteroid and move it into lunar orbit for human exploration, the Asteroid Redirect mission. NASA's Solar Electric Propulsion project is dedicated to developing critical technologies to enable trips destinations such as Mars or asteroids. NASA needs to reduce the cost of these ambitious exploration missions. High power and high efficiency SEP systems will require much less propellant to meet those requirements.
Comparison of Fungicides for the Control of Powdery Mildew on Dogwood

Caption title. "November 2005." Includes bibliographical references (p. 11-12). Also available on the World Wide Web.
Tribal Disruption and Labor Relations

In recent years, Indian tribes have begun to assert treaty rights to govern labor relations within the reservation, most notably in Indian gaming operations. The National Labor Relations Board and several national labor unions have asserted, with a large degree of success, that the National Labor Relations Act governs labor relations in tribal casinos. This paper addresses several aspects of the tribal-federal-labor relationship through the lens of tribal disruption theory. Professor Wenona Singel has argued, drawing from institutional economics theory, that labor relations law and policy is static, with unions and the NLRB preferring to rely upon Great Depression-era federal law to decide labor disputes arising in Indian country – not because federal law is substantively preferable to tribal law, but because it is known and predictable. These actors reject tribal labor relations legal regimes despite the possibility that tribal law may be substantively preferable to all parties.Tribal disruption theory offers an alternative view of how to resolve these ongoing labor disputes, one preferable to the uncertain and high stakes litigation.This paper is prepared for discussion at the 2014 UCLA Race, Labor, and the Law Conference.
Private Sector Influence on the U.S. Regulatory Process: A Study of the Volcker Rule

In 2008, the world witnessed the outcome of 30 years of deregulation in the global financial sector. In response to public outrage over bank bailouts, the U.S. Congress passed the Volcker Rule in order to limit risky speculative trading activities of banks. However, the Volcker Rule, in its final version, was watered down substantially by private sector actors such as banks, financial institutions, and trade associations. The purpose of this paper is to present empirical research showing how private sector actors’ in the U.S. influence financial regulation, using the Volcker Rule as an example. The examination of the data shows correlations between private sector actors methods’ of influence (lobbying expenditures, access to regulators and market share) and their rates of success with their requested changes made during the comment period of the proposed rule and those incorporated in the final version issued by regulators.
Cage Opening of a Carborane Ligand by Metal Cluster Complexes.

The reaction of Os3 (CO)10 (NCMe)2 with closo-o-C2 B10 H10 has yielded two interconvertible isomers Os3 (CO)9 (μ3 -4,5,9-C2 B10 H8 )(μ-H)2 (1 a) and Os3 (CO)9 (μ3 -3,4,8-C2 B10 H8 )(μ-H)2 (1 b) formed by the loss of the two NCMe ligands and one CO ligand from the Os3 cluster. Two BH bonds of the o-C2 B10 H10 were activated in its addition to the osmium cluster. A second triosmium cluster was added to the 1 a/1 b mixture to yield the complex Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H)2 (μ3 -4,5,9-μ3 -7,11,12-C2 B10 H7 )Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H)3 (2) that contains two triosmium triangles attached to the same carborane cage. When heated, 2 was transformed to the complex Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H)(μ3 -3,4,8-μ3 -7,11,12-C2 B10 H8 )Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H) (3) by a novel opening of the carborane cage with loss of H2 .
Abstract 5123: 1,25D3regulates cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion and reduces experimental metastasis in a squamous cell carcinoma model system

1,25D 3 , the most active vitamin D metabolite, has broad spectrum anti-tumor activity. We demonstrated that 1,25D 3 affects squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and inhibits cell motility, markers of metastasis. In this study, we extended these observations. In situ zymography assay revealed that 1,25D 3 strongly suppressed the ability of SCC cells to degrade gelatin. 1,25D 3 reduced the adhesion of SCC cells to laminin, and by flow cytometry, the expression of the laminin receptors integrin α6 and β4. 1,25D 3 promoted the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the formation of focal adhesion as shown by immunofluorescence. To study the effects of 1,25D 3 on cell-cell adhesion, the expression level of cadherins were examined by flow cytometry. 1,25D 3 enhanced the expression of E-cadherin and R-cadherin, but did not alter that of N-cadherin. Of note, a 1,25D 3 -resistant variant of SCC (SCC-DR) was developed and these findings were not observed in SCC-DR cells. To investigate the in vivo effect of 1,25D 3 , C3H/HeJ mice were injected i.v. into tail vein with 10 4 SCC cells, and then half of the mice received 0.625 μg of 1,25D 3 i.p. daily for 3 days while the other half received saline. Treatment with 1,25D 3 dramatically inhibited the development of pulmonary tumor formation, as assessed by MRI analysis and colony counts. Our study suggests that 1,25D 3 suppresses SCC metastasis, possibly through the promotion of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and the inhibition of cell motility and invasion. This study was supported by NIH/NCI grants CA067267, CA095045 and CA085142. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5123.
X-ray dynamical diffraction from single crystals with arbitrary shape and strain field: A universal approach to modeling

The effects of dynamical diffraction in single crystals engender many unique diffraction phenomena that cannot be interpreted by the kinematical-diffraction theory, yet knowledge of them is vital to resolving a vast variety of scientific problems ranging from crystal optics to strain measurements in crystalline specimens. Although the fundamental dynamical-diffraction theory was established decades ago, modeling it remains a challenge in a general case wherein the crystal has complex boundaries and mixed diffraction geometries (Bragg or Laue). Here, we propose a universal approach for modeling x-ray dynamical diffraction from a single crystal with arbitrary shape and strain field that is based on the integral representation of the Takagi-Taupin equations. Using it, we can construct the solution iteratively via a converging series, independent of the diffraction geometry. Moreover, the integral equations offer additional insights into the diffraction physics that are not readily apparent in its differential counterparts. To demonstrate this approach, we studied the dynamical diffraction from a slab of single crystal with both Bragg and Laue diffraction excited on the entrance boundaries, a problem that is difficult to model by other methods. We also explored the mirage effect caused by the presence of a linear strain field and compared it to the Eikonal theory. Lastly, we derived a dynamical-diffraction equation correlating the structural properties of a particle to its far-field Bragg-diffraction pattern, shedding light on how dynamical diffraction affects these kinematical-diffraction-based inverse techniques for reconstructing the shape and the strain field.
Multi-Parameter Performance Evaluation, the Next Step in Conceptual Design Concept Assessment

Typical conceptual design aircraft performance analysis only considers a limited set of inputs to represent an aerodynamic drag polar and a five-column propulsion deck. This is especially the case during conceptual sizing activities. While these methods have had past success they fail to capture performance effects of new advanced technologies on the air vehicle system including those related to disciplinary analyses other than aerodynamics and propulsion. This is especially the case for aircraft that have strict operational constraints placed on them during specific mission phases. Evaluation of critical constraints must be considered at the conceptual design stage to assess the impact of new technologies on the aircraft performance appropriately. Example technologies such as variable cycle turbine engines and active aeroelastic wing allow multiple vehicle system configuration solutions to achieve some desired vehicle performance state. Depending on the objective for determining the desired solution, overall vehicle performance could be degraded or improved when compared to a traditional performance model that neglect physical interactions and attempts to average the potential options across all mission phases. This paper motivates the need to expand aircraft design beyond the standard inputs for propulsion and aerodynamics by comparing air vehicle performance using standard performance analysis and the multiparameter performance methods proposed.
Minimum-Power Robotic Maneuvering Using Control-Moment Gyroscopes

Control-moment gyroscopes (CMGs) are power-e‐cient actuators that typically provide high torques to large spacecraft. In this study, we propose the use of CMGs in actuating a space robotic arm, whose tasks include manipulating a payload. This paper derives the full nonlinear equations of motion for a three degree-of-freedom system with a mass-center ofiset and incorporates a closed-loop control design. Under a controlled motion, we demonstrate that a CMG-driven robotic arm can manipulate a payload with minimal changes to the system energy. By investigating how a payload afiects the dynamics for single-body and multi-body systems, we flnd that the equations of motion and expressions for power are simpler when the individual bodies are moved sequentially. However, by comparing both sequential and simultaneous body motions for randomly chosen maneuvers, we show that less energy is expended on average when the bodies are controlled simultaneously.
The Other Side of Victory: Honorable Surrender during the Wars of Louis XIV

This chapter is a study of surrender across cultures and across time. It concentrates on the wars of Louis XIV. What strikes most about surrender during the wars of Louis XIV is the degree to which it was an honorable act. In its attitudes towards surrender and prisoners, the early modern period was clearly the descendent of the Middle Ages. But along with continuity, a generous evolution eventually extended the privilege of honorable surrender to common soldiers as well as to their aristocratic officers. The dominant role of fortresses in early modern European warfare, particularly on the borders of France, the Low Countries, and northern Italy, meant that the most common surrender of bodies of troops by their commanders was associated with the sieges. The best outcome for a garrison that surrendered during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was to receive the honors of war. Keywords:early modern European warfare; fortress; France; garrison; honorable surrender; prisoners; siege; wars of Louis XIV
Tobacco Control in the Obama Era - Substantial Progress, Remaining Challenges.

The steady decline in smoking rates among U.S. adults that began in the early 1960s has accelerated substantially during the Obama presidency — most likely owing to the implementation of an array of tobacco-control interventions.
Effects of different degrees of insulin resistance on endothelial function in obese adults undergoing alternate day fasting

BACKGROUND: Obesity can have deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity leading to endothelial dysfunction. Whether alternate day fasting (ADF) can ameliorate insulin sensitivity in a way that improves endothelial function remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impact of ADF on endothelium dependent flow mediated dilation (FMD) in obese subjects with different degrees of insulin resistance. METHODS: Obese non-diabetic adults (n = 54) participated in an 8-week ADF protocol (25% energy intake "fast day", alternated with ad libitum intake "feast day"). Subjects were divided into tertiles according to degree of insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessment-Insulin resistance): tertile 1 (0.8-2.4), tertile 2 (2.5-3.6), tertile 3 (3.7-12.4). RESULTS: Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 4% in each tertile. Fat mass, lean mass, and visceral fat mass also decreased (P < 0.001) similarly in each tertile. After 8 weeks of ADF, FMD and adiponectin differed (P < 0.05) between tertile 1 (3±0%; 26±23%) versus tertile 3 (-3±0%; -13±10%). Changes in leptin did not differ between tertiles (tertile 1: -23±7%; tertile 2: -20±7%; tertile 3: -9±7%). Fasting glucose did not change in any tertile. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR differed (P < 0.05) between tertile 1 (10±11%; 11±11%) versus tertile 3 (-27±8%; -30±9%). Plasma lipids, blood pressure and heart rate did not change in any tertile. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that ADF may be effective for decreasing insulin resistance in insulin resistant subjects, but these changes have no effect on endothelial function.
Diacylglycerol kinases: Regulation and signaling roles

Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are thought to attenuate diacylglycerol signals by converting diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid. The nine mammalian diacylglycerol kinases that have been identified are widely expressed, but each isoform has a unique tissue and subcellular distribution. The activity of DGKs is regulated by mechanisms that can modify their access to diacylglycerol, affect their activity, or alter their ability to bind to other proteins. Although little is known of the specific function of DGKs in platelets, they likely influence actin reorganization and other signaling events requiring diacylglycerol.
The Search for Alternatives

A fervent and spirited effort by the colonial government, colonial security forces and the Colonial Office to permanently exclude Kenyatta from power in Kenya, even as decolonization loomed. The rise of multiracial political parties led by local white politicians with the stated purpose of guiding African nationalism to be anti-Communist and moderate and tolerant of continued imperial presence in the country. Rise of Michael Blundell and the NKP. Divisions in the nationalist movement and the rise of the KADU. Official efforts to break up the KANU. The eventual rise of the cumbersome Majimbo constitution to deny Kenyatta executive power. The specter of Communism in Kenya linked to Oginga Odinga and Kenyatta.
Evidence combination in biomedical natural-language processing

In many natural language tasks, such as information extraction and semantic lexicon building, individual entities and relations of interest may be found in multiple contexts within the corpus. In deciding which putative entities and relations should be extracted, a key problem is how to combine evidence across the multiple occurrences of these entities and relations. We present a novel statistical approach to address this issue, and evaluate it in the context of extracting protein names and protein-protein interactions from MEDLINE abstracts. We experimentally compare our method against a number of intuitive and simpler baselines. Our experimental results suggest that the issue of combining evidence is indeed important in these tasks. Furthermore, we show that our proposed method outperforms the baselines considered in a variety of settings.
PersuAIDE ! An Adaptive Persuasive Text Generation System for Fashion Domain

Persuasiveness is a creative art which aims at inducing certain set of beliefs in the target audience. In an e-commerce setting, for a newly launched product, persuasive descriptions are often composed to motivate an online buyer towards a successful purchase. Such descriptions can be catchy taglines, product-summaries, style-tipsetc.. In this paper, we present PersuAIDE! - a persuasive system based on linguistic creativity to generate various forms of persuasive sentences from the input product specification. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we have applied the technology to fashion domain, where, for a given fashion product like"red collar shirt" we were able to generate descriptive sentences that not only explain the item but also garner positive attention, making it persuasive. PersuAIDE! identifies fashion related keywords from input specifications and intelligently expands the keywords to creative phrases. Once such compatible phrases are obtained, persuasive descriptions are synthesized from the set of phrases and input keywords with the help of a neural language model trained on a large domain-specific fashion corpus. We evaluate the system on a large fashion corpus collected from different sources using (a) automatic text generation metrics used for Machine Translation and Automatic Summarization evaluation and Readability measurement, and (b) human judgment scores evaluating the persuasiveness and fluency of the generated text. Experimental results and qualitative analysis show that an unsupervised system like ours can produce more creative and better constructed persuasive output than supervised generative counterparts based on neural sequence-to-sequence models and statistical machine translation.
Molecular analysis of the bicoid gene from Drosophila pseudoobscura: identification of conserved domains within coding and noncoding regions of the bicoid mRNA.

Abstract The specification of anterior positional information during Drosophila embryogenesis is largely dependent upon the function of the maternal-effect gene bicoid (bcd). Two aspects of bcd function are particularly striking. First, the bcd protein product forms a gradient during early embryogenesis, which regulates the transcription of at least one zygotic segmentation gene, hunchback, in a concentration dependent manner. Secondly, formation of the bcd protein gradient is dependent upon the specific localization of bcd mRNAs at the anterior end of the oocyte/embryo during oogenesis, a process which requires a cis-acting 625 nucleotide sequence within the 3' untranslated region of the bcd mRNA. We have cloned and sequenced the bcd gene from Drosophila pseudoobscura as a tool in identifying important functional domains within this transcription unit. DNA sequence comparisons reveal: (i) varying degrees of amino acid sequence conservation among the proposed functional domains of the bcd protein, (ii) the conservation of potential RNA secondary structures within the bcd mRNA localization element, and (iii) the maintenance of a short open reading frame within the 5' untranslated leader that may play a role in translational regulation. Finally, the D.pseudoobscura bcd gene partially rescues the phenotype of a bcd- mutation when placed into the D.melanogaster genome by germline transformation. The lack of full phenotypic rescue can be explained in part by the observed improper localization of the D.pseudoobscura bcd mRNA when expressed in D.melanogaster.
Curative intent of local excision alone for stage I anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (ACSCC).

e15574Background: Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for localized or locally advanced ACSCC, while surgery is typically reserved for salvage therapy. Outcome of treatment w...
Single cell RNA-sequencing: replicability of cell types

Recent technical advances have enabled transcriptomics experiments at an unprecedented scale, and single-cell profiles from neural tissue are accumulating rapidly. There has been considerable effort to use these profiles to understand cell diversity, primarily through unsupervised clustering and differential expression analysis. However, current practices to validate these findings vary. In this review, we describe recent efforts to evaluate clusters from single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and provide a framework for considering current evidence and practices in terms of their capacity to establish principles of cell biology. Single-cell RNA-sequencing has already transformed neuroscience. By facilitating detailed comparative and genetic perturbation analyses, it may provide the tools to uncover fundamental mechanisms of neural diversity throughout the tree of life.
A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes in Total Hip Arthroplasty Recipients Following Pelvic Irradiation.

Abstract Background Alongside advances in total hip arthroplasty (THA), innovations in the treatment of cancer have led to an increasing number of patients living with this devastating disease. Radiation therapy has well-documented clinical effects on bone health, leading to pelvic insufficiency fractures and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to report on THA outcomes in this patient population in an effort to determine if a need to change management exists during surgical planning. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocols, a systematic review of published literature through August 5th, 2018 was conducted. This resulted in 8 studies in which the primary outcome measures evaluated were rates of aseptic loosening and revision THA. Results Among 232 hips at a weighted mean follow-up time of 52 months, the aseptic loosening rate was 10% and revision THA rate was 12%. Sub-analysis of 116 THAs with cementless cups demonstrated an aseptic loosening and revision THA rate of 8% and 10%, respectively. Conclusion The findings of the present study indicate that THA recipients who have received radiation therapy to the pelvis before arthroplasty surgery have higher rates of aseptic loosening and revision THA when compared with previously published rates in healthy THA recipients. Additionally, it is possible that female THA recipients who have received pelvic irradiation may be at a higher risk for aseptic loosening and revision THA. Surgeons should counsel patients with a history of pelvic irradiation about their potentially higher risk for these complications. Level of Evidence Level I, meta-analysis, and systematic review.
THE CHALLENGES OF MONETARY POLICY TOWARDS NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A MARKETING PERSPECTIVE

The study examined monetary Policy as a measure capable of achieving the desired sustainable economic growth and price stability in Nigeria. The study was carried out using primary and secondary methods in the collection of data, where in primary data; the researcher designed and advanced questionnaires. The data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed in tables with simple percentage and interpreted for the understanding of the study. The analysis tool that was used in testing the hypothesis was the chi-square (X 2 ). After the presentation and analysis carried out, The f-statistics which is 901.28 with zero probability is also good, indicating that the selected explanatory variables are in aggregate very important in explaining changes or variations in economic growth in Nigeria. This implies that these explanatory variables such as money supply (m 2 ), Nominal Exchange Rate (FXR), Maximum Lending Rate (MLR) and Inflation (INF) are all important variables in explaining changes or variations in economic growth. It was observed that the money supply (m 2 ) contributed positively to the growth of the economy while nominal exchange rate and inflation have a negative impact on GDP which implies that inflation is a constrain. Exchange rate being negative implies that high rate of depression of naira is affecting production capacity especially as most production inputs are being imported. The study therefore recommends as follows; the government as well as the central bank of Nigeria should ensure that the monetary indices are formulated and implemented effectively, amongst others.
Impact of the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists HER2 Guideline Updates on HER2 Assessment in Breast Cancer With Equivocal HER2 Immunohistochemistry Results With Focus on Cases With HER2/CEP17 Ratio <2.0 and Average HER2 Copy Number ≥4.0 and <6.0.

Context.— The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists HER2 testing guideline in breast cancer was updated in 2018 to address issues on interpretation of uncommon resu...
Co-recruitment of relatives in a broadcast-spawning coral (Acropora hyacinthus) facilitates emergence of an inbred, genetically distinct group within a panmictic population

Many broadly-dispersing marine taxa are species-rich, show genetic heterogeneity on small spatial scales, and are locally adapted to their environmental conditions. How such genetic subdivisions can emerge despite the potential for high gene flow continues to be the major paradox of evolution in the sea. One understudied process potentially contributing to genetic structuring in marine populations is variation in larval recruitment. Here, we report an unusual recruitment pattern in the broadcast-spawning coral species Acropora hyacinthus on Yap Island, Micronesia. Reduced representation genotyping of 275 individuals of varying size classes on this isolated reef system demonstrated general island-wide panmixia but also identified a genetically divergent group of juvenile corals at one out of the four sites sampled, showing elevated inbreeding and relatedness, including two pairs of siblings. Notably, adult corals as well as the majority of juveniles at the same site belong to the panmictic gene pool, suggesting that representatives of the inbred lineage of juveniles co-recruited and may be partially reproductively isolated from the rest of the island population. Reproductive isolation is suggested by the discovery of distinct genomic regions of greatly reduced genetic diversity in the inbred lineage, encompassing genes involved in sperm-egg recognition and fertilization that may serve as reproductive barrier loci. We propose that co-recruitment of genetic relatives via cohesive dispersal, a process that was previously unrecognized in broadcast-spawning corals, can generate familial genetic structure and might be important for the emergence of genetically distinct, locally adapted ecomorphs and cryptic species.
Temporal trends and determinants of serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances among Northern California mothers with a young child, 2009-2016.

Abstract Background/Objective Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has changed since the early 2000s, in part, because of the phase-out and replacement of some long-chain PFAS. Studies of PFAS exposure and its temporal changes have been limited to date mostly to adults and pregnant women. We examined temporal trends and determinants of PFAS serum concentrations among mothers with a young child who participated in the CHARGE ( CH ildhood A utism R isk from G enetics and E nvironment) case-control study. Methods We quantified nine PFAS in serum samples collected from 2009 to 2016 in 450 Northern California mothers when their child was 2–5 years old. With five compounds that were detected in more than 50% of the samples, we performed multiple regression to estimate least square geometric means (LSGMs) of PFAS concentrations with adjustment for sampling year and other characteristics that may affect maternal concentrations (e.g., breastfeeding duration). We also used time-related regression coefficients to calculate percent changes over the study period. Results LSGM concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) decreased over the study period [percent change (95% confidence interval): −10.7% (−12.7%, −8.7%); −10.8% (−12.9%, −8.5%); −8.0% (−10.5%, −5.5%), respectively]. On the other hand, perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) showed mixed time trends. Among the selected covariates, longer breastfeeding duration was associated with decreased maternal serum concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA and PFDA. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that body burden of some common long-chain PFAS among California mothers with a young child decreased over the study period and that breastfeeding appears to contribute to the elimination of PFAS in lactating mothers.
JDinteractive: An Online Law Degree Program Designed to Expand Access to Justice

February 2018, the American Bar Association granted a variance to Syracuse University that will allow the College of Law to launch the nation’s first fully interactive online J.D. program. This program – called JDinteractive (JDi) – will combine live online class sessions, self-paced online class sessions, in-person residential courses, and applied learning experiences. This article describes the program and its implications for the legal profession and those the profession serves. Specifically, it discusses the potential of this rigorous, yet flexible, approach to legal education to reach talented students who cannot reasonably attend a residential law school. It then explores how the approach may help increase diversity within the legal profession, produce lawyers with client-relevant experience, and expand access to justice in underserved communities.
Reassessing methods to close the nuclear fuel cycle

Abstract This paper presents the major takeaways from studies conducted over several years that were focused on transitioning the U.S. nuclear infrastructure from the current once-through fuel cycle to one in which fuel is continuously recycled in fast reactors. These studies involved simulating and analyzing numerous example scenarios of fuel cycle transition with various assumptions on technology, policy, and material utilization strategies. Among the many findings, perhaps the most important is that under certain conditions, the use of high-assay low-enriched uranium to start up a fleet of fast reactors may be more favorable compared to using recycled Pu from thermal reactors since it is less constrained by other technologies and may even be more economical.
Fears, Depression, and Anxieties of Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy and Implications for Education and Treatment:

Objective:This study investigates undiagnosed depression and anxiety related to diabetes in patients with diabetic retinopathy and identifies commonly feared complications that these patients exper...
Poetry authored by vulnerable populations as secondary data: methodological approach and considerations

Staller (2015) presented the challenge to qualitative researchers of valuing data that already exists and using it as a starting point to explore “whether there are questions which can be asked and...