cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Static and Dynamic CFD Analysis of a Generic Swept Wing UCAV

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the NATO AVT-161/201 Stability and Control Configuration (SACCON) using the HPCMP CREATE-AV Kestrel solver is presented. Both static cases and a sinusoidal pitch motion case are considered. Computational predictions are compared against wind tunnel data. Grid design issues and their effect on force and moment prediction are explored with a view toward constructing grids efficient enough for use in future system identification efforts. Simulations are conducted using both single unstructured mesh and dual mesh paradigms. The latter exercises a new Kestrel capability that uses adaptively refined Cartesian offbody meshes.
Chemical−Biological Studies of Subcellular Organization in Bacteria

The subcellular organization of biological molecules is a critical determinant of many bacterial processes, including growth, replication of the genome, and division, yet the details of many mechanisms that control intracellular organization remain unknown. Decoding this information will impact the field of bacterial physiology and can provide insight into eukaryotic biology, including related processes in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Small molecule probes provide unique advantages in studying these mechanisms and manipulating the organization of biomolecules in live bacterial cells. In this review, we describe small molecules that are available for investigating subcellular organization in bacteria, specifically targeting FtsZ, MreB, peptidoglycan, and lipid bilayers. We discuss how these probes have been used to study microbiological questions and conclude by providing suggestions about important areas in which chemical-biological approaches will have a revolutionary impact on the study of bacterial physiology.
Effect of Exercise on Reported Physical Sexual Satisfaction of University Students

The purpose of this study was to examine sexually active university students’ reported level of physical sexual satisfaction and perceived impact of exercise on physical satisfaction. In addition, this study investigated whether reported physical sexual satisfaction and perceived impact of exercise on physical sexual satisfaction differed based on current exercise status, body mass index, and gender. A sample of 678 college students completed a two page, 35-item survey instrument. Results indicated that students who were regular exercisers (engaged in vigorous physical activity for 20 minutes ≥ 3 days per week) were significantly more likely than students who were not regular exercisers to report higher levels of physical sexual satisfaction. Body mass index was also significantly correlated to physical sexual satisfaction. A series of multivariate analyses of variance revealed that physical sexual satisfaction and perceived impact of exercise on physical sexual satisfaction differed significantly based on gender. Overall, students perceived body image, sexual desirability perception, and physical strength as the three leading components of physical sexual satisfaction impacted by exercise. Since regular exercise may increase physical sexual satisfaction levels, health professionals could use the results of this study to help motivate individuals to enhance their physical sexual satisfaction by becoming more physically active.
MobiPlay: a remote execution based record-and-replay tool for mobile applications

The record-and-replay approach for software testing is important and valuable for developers in designing mobile applications. However, the existing solutions for recording and replaying Android applications are far from perfect. When considering the richness of mobile phones' input capabilities including touch screen, sensors, GPS, etc., existing approaches either fall short of covering all these different input types, or require elevated privileges that are not easily attained and can be dangerous. In this paper, we present a novel system, called MobiPlay, which aims to improve record-and-replay testing. By collaborating between a mobile phone and a server, we are the first to capture all possible inputs by doing so at the application layer, instead of at the Android framework layer or the Linux kernel layer, which would be infeasible without a server. MobiPlay runs the to-be-tested application on the server under exactly the same environment as the mobile phone, and displays the GUI of the application in real time on a thin client application installed on the mobile phone. From the perspective of the mobile phone user, the application appears to be local. We have implemented our system and evaluated it with tens of popular mobile applications showing that MobiPlay is efficient, flexible, and comprehensive. It can record all input data, including all sensor data, all touchscreen gestures, and GPS. It is able to record and replay on both the mobile phone and the server. Furthermore, it is suitable for both white-box and black-box testing.
It Matters If My Friends Stop Smoking: Social Support for Behavior Change in Social Media

A growing body of research has examined whether and how an individual can leverage online social networks to receive social support for health behavior change. This prior research largely focuses on attributes of the post content and the experiences and concerns of people posting. Less is known about moderators and mediators that influence whether and how one's social network will respond to a request for support. Using a factorial survey experiment, we find evidence that attitudes toward specific types of health behaviors greatly increase likelihood of response to a post, and that targeting close-tie relationships may increase effectiveness of social media based behavior change interventions, particularly related to smoking cessation.
Incentives for Lawyers: Moving Away from “Eat What You Kill”

The authors study an international law firm that changed its compensation plan for team leaders to address a multitasking problem: Team leaders were focusing their effort on billable hours and not spending sufficient time on leadership activities to build the firm. Compensation was changed to provide greater incentives for the leadership activities and weaker incentives for billable hours. The effect of this change on the task allocation of the firm’s team leaders was large and robust; team leaders increased their non-billable hours and shifted billable hours to team members. The firm’s new compensation plan (combining an objective formula with subjective evaluations) is the fastest-growing compensation system among law firms today.
Conflicts/Wars: Human-Driven Events That Injure/Kill People and Damage/Destroy Property

The world in 2014 was exposed to many conflicts/insurrections/wars (37) that continue in 2016 with people being displaced, injured and killed, property and infrastructure damaged and destroyed. Cumulatively these wars/conflicts and terrorism that accompanies them are at a scale of major natural and/or anthropogenic hazards that kill thousands, injure tens of thousands, and displace hundreds of thousands to millions from their homes or from their nations. This is happening around the globe such as in Ukraine in Eastern Europe; in Libya, Nigeria, Mali, and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa; in Afghanistan in Asia; and in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, in the Middle East, to mention a few. Conflicts/wars kill civilians used as human shields and listed as collateral deaths in on the ground combat or by rockets, artillery shells, and drone/aerial bombing. This is in addition to the deaths of combatants and suicide bombers and their victims. Mitigation can only be found in peace but at this time on our planet, peace does not seem within reach for many of these “anthropogenic” hazards driven by politics, economics, inbred hate, and some in the name of ethnicity or religion.
A Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Network for Mitosis Detection in Phase-Contrast Microscopy Images

We propose a Hierarchical Convolution Neural Network (HCNN) for mitosis event detection in time-lapse phase contrast microscopy. Our method contains two stages: first, we extract candidate spatial-temporal patch sequences in the input image sequences which potentially contain mitosis events. Then, we identify if each patch sequence contains mitosis event or not using a hieratical convolutional neural network. In the experiments, we validate the design of our proposed architecture and evaluate the mitosis event detection performance. Our method achieves 99.1 % precision and 97.2 % recall in very challenging image sequences of multipolar-shaped C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, the proposed method does not depend on hand-crafted feature design or cell tracking. It can be straightforwardly adapted to event detection of other different cell types.
Effects of Extracurricular Participation During Middle School on Academic Motivation and Achievement at Grade 9

We investigated the effect of participating in two domains of extracurricular activities (sports and performance arts/clubs) in Grades 7 and 8 on Grade 9 academic motivation and letter grades, above baseline performance. Participants were 483 students (55% male; 33% Euro-American, 25% African American, and 39% Latino). Propensity score weighting controlled for potential confounders in all analyses. Delayed (Grade 8 only) and continuous participation (Grades 7 and 8) in sports predicted competence beliefs and valuing education; delayed and continuous participation in performance arts/clubs predicted teacher-rated engagement and letter grades. Benefits of participation were similar across gender and ethnicity; however, Latino youth were least likely to participate in extracurricular activities. Implications for reducing ethnic and income disparities in educational attainment are discussed.
A complete Raman study of common acid red dyes: application to the identification of artistic materials in polychrome prints

In this work, we present a complete Raman investigation of a class of compounds that has not received great attention yet, the red naphthol-based azo dyes. We selected a group of red azo dyes often used by artists in inks and lake pigments: acid red 1, acid red 14, acid red 18, acid red 26, acid red 27, and acid red 73. A set of reference materials was studied by dispersive Raman, FT-Raman, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The reference spectra were used in the study of late 19th century Japanese polychrome woodblock prints. The azo dyes selected for this study generally gave good Raman spectra at all excitation wavelengths. The results obtained by the various Raman techniques are compared, and the main difficulties in the identification of the compounds in works of art are illustrated and discussed. The fluorescence coming from the matrix in which the colorants are embedded can obscure their Raman signal. For this reason, the advantages and drawbacks of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with non-sampling extraction of the colorants have been evaluated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The alternate effects of anti-TNFα therapeutics and their role in mycobacterial granulomatous infection in Crohn's disease.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that has been debated to be associated with bacterial triggers such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Standard treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients includes a family of immunomodulators and biologics such as Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (Anti-TNFα). This cytokine in particular has been known to play vital roles in fighting microbial infections through formation and maintenance of granulomas.Areas covered: This perspective is focused on elucidating the negative effects of using Anti-TNFα therapeutic agents as a treatment option in CD patients who are more likely suspected to have MAP infection, and the role of other immunomodulators in MAP infection.Expert commentary: While treatment with Anti-TNFα is beneficial to reduce inflammation and to provide short term relief to the patients, it also compromises the immune system causing susceptibility to microbial infection. More than 50% of CD patients have sh...
A Difficult Abdomen: Temporary Closure and Management of the Consequences

When performing damage control surgery (DCS), the surgeon has several options for temporary closure of the abdomen, most notably an intestinal bag, wound vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), or a moist gauze that serves as the “poor man’s wound VAC.” However, if the patient has enough skin and subcutaneous tissue, then closing the skin offers the best temporary closure. Temporary closure of the fascia should be avoided for fear of injuring the edges of the fascia and subsequently creating a hernia and dehiscence. This chapter reviews various techniques of temporary closure following DCS and recent study findings.
The Association between Oxygen Consumption of the Liver Graft and Post-transplant Outcome.

The association between oxygen consumption of the liver graft after reperfusion and post-transplant outcome has been studied from 1950s. The lack of significant progress is because oxygen consumption of the liver graft is determined by various factors, including the donor condition, status of the graft preservation, cold ischemia time, and hepatic blood flow after reperfusion. However, metabolic alterations, such as oxygen consumption and glucose metabolism in the liver grafts are reliable predictors of subsequent the liver graft function, and may help the decision of re-transplantation for the patients with failed liver graft. Appropriate organ preservation reduces oxygen consumption of the liver grafts, and low oxygen consumption might reflect less histological damage after preservation and reperfusion. In contrast, systemic oxygen consumption after reperfusion in patients with successful liver transplantation was higher than systemic oxygen consumption in those with primary non-function and graft dysfunction. This review summarizes association between oxygen consumption of the liver graft and post-transplant outcome.
Safety and efficacy of dose escalated liposomal amphotericin B in adult leukemia patients with refractory invasive fungal infections: A single institution report.

6613 Background: Leukemia patients are at risk for invasive fungal infections(IFI). Empiric therapy of suspected IFI is begun due to fever despite appropriate antibiotics during neutropenia or infi...
The Influence of Race on Eyewitness Memory

One Sunday morning in May of 2000, a 15-year-old Black youth named Brenton Butler was walking to a video store to apply for a job when he was picked up by police as a possible suspect in a brutal murder that had occurred earlier that morning. Taken back to the motel where the murder had taken place, Butler was positively identified by the murder victim’s husband, James Stevens, who had observed the murder from close range just two and a half hours earlier. Although he had described the murderer as 20 to 25 years old, Stevens identified Butler as the man who had demanded his wife’s purse and then shot her. When asked if he was certain about his identification, he remarked that he “wouldn’t send an innocent man to jail”—yet subsequent events showed that this is precisely what happened (Hattenstone, 2002; Schoettler & Treen, 2000; Schoettler & Pinkham, 2002). The misidentification and subsequent confession that was coerced from Butler were later portrayed in an Academy Award–winning documentary titled Murder on a Sunday Morning. Unfortunately, incidents such as this, where an innocent person is arrested or incarcerated on the basis of a cross-racial identification, may be all too common in the justice system. The cross-race effect (CRE), also known as the own-race bias or other-race effect, refers to the consistent finding that adults are able to recognize individuals of their own race better than faces of another, less familiar race. Although observations involving race and face recognition have been documented since the early twentieth century (Feingold, 1914; Brigham, 2002), the past 30 years have been rich with empirical studies demonstrating
Mass-selection strategies for pearl millet improvement

Mass selection is frequently used for genetically improving pearl millet (Pennisetum slaucum R. Br.). To ascertain the ability of mass selection to modify traits of agronomic importance to pearl millet, this study determined (a) the heritability and interrelationships of those traits and (b) the realized gains obtained from selection. SO and S 1 populations of three pearl millet composites were evaluated for an array of agronomic and developmental traits. Parent-offspring heritability values ranged from 0.46 to 0.64 for panicle size and seed traits, from 0.27 to 0.58 for productivity traits, and from 0.16 to 0.32 for partitioning traits, when averaged over three pearl millet composites. Interrelationships among traits were identified by factor analyses and found to be similar in the three composites. Unique groups of traits were associated with biological yield, panicle size, and seed factors. Certain traits, however, were associated with both the biological yield and the partitioning factors. The orientations of S plants along the biological yield, 0 panicle size, and seed parameters factors were siqnificantly related to orientations of their S progenies along the correspondinq factors......
Abstract 3017: Identifying drivers for advanced prostate cancer by a transposon-based genetic screen

Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) often leads to progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is more aggressive and frequently associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Despite the significance of CRPC in the clinic, the molecular mechanism driving the emergence of advanced prostate cancer is still not well understood. Identifying novel drivers is particularly important for developing therapeutic targets that lead to improved treatment outcome. We sought to explore drivers for advanced prostate cancer by utilizing the Sleeping Beauty (SB) system, a murine transposition-based forward mutagenesis screening approach. We generated mouse strain in which the SB transposase expression is under the control of a tamoxifen-inducible Cre allele driven by the prostate specific Nkx3.1 promoter. After crossing this strain to transgenic strain for the transposon element (T2/Onc2), as well as strain with floxed alleles for Pten and Trp53, we obtained a mouse model allowing mutagenesis screening in mouse prostate on a Pten and Trp53 null background (SB mice). Mice with only conditional deletion of Pten and Trp53 were generated as controls. Prostate tumor tissue from moribund mice were collected for sequencing and histopathologic analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to examine the disease progression. Linker-mediated PCR was performed to amplify genomic loci containing SB transposon insertions. Barcoded sequencing library was generated and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq4000. Sequencing reads and common insertion sites (CIS) were analyzed by published TAPDANCE pipeline. Survival analysis revealed that the SB mice (n=28) have a significantly shorter time to death than the controls (n=65) (log-rank p Citation Format: Min Zou, Alessandro Vasciaveo, Andrea Califano, Cory Abate-Shen. Identifying drivers for advanced prostate cancer by a transposon-based genetic screen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3017.
An enzyme-coupled assay enables rapid protein engineering for geraniol production in yeast

Abstract Geraniol is an important monoterpene alcohol with various industrial applications. The biological synthesis of geraniol requires the activity of geraniol synthase (GES). Despite several engineering efforts to improve catalytic rates of GES, overall efforts have been limited by the lack of a high-throughput screen. Here, we developed a coupled enzyme-based fluorogenic assay that can detect geraniol as well as other medium to long chain alcohols (C4-C9). Aided by this rapid screening capability, we performed saturation mutagenesis of GES of Catharanthus roseus and identified a mutation of F418 to Q that improved production of geraniol. This robust screening assay enables more high-throughput analysis and engineering of geraniol and other alcohols in S. cerevisiae and E. coli.
Coulomb-hole and screened exchange in the electron self-energy at finite temperature

We present a finite temperature generalization of the COHSEX approximation to the quasiparticle electron self-energy, with explicit comparisons of the static and dynamic screened exchange (SEX) and Coulomb-hole (COH) contributions for the homogeneous electron gas. Consistent with the zero-temperature behavior, we show that the static SEX approximation agrees well with the fully dynamic SEX at all temperatures and densities. In contrast, dynamic corrections to the COH approximation are always significant, especially for high energy unoccupied states. Notably the COHSEX quasiparticle self-energy is complex valued at finite temperature even at the Fermi level.
The Effects of Static and Moving Spectral Ripple Sensitivity on Unaided and Aided Speech Perception in Noise.

Purpose This study evaluated whether certain spectral ripple conditions were more informative than others in predicting ecologically relevant unaided and aided speech outcomes. Method A quasi-exper...
Individual and Social Factors Related to Trajectories of Blackouts among Underage Drinkers in the Emergency Department

Aims Alcohol-related blackouts can result in acute injuries and other negative outcomes. Among underage risky drinkers, we examined longitudinal trajectories of blackout frequency following an emergency department (ED) visit, and identified baseline characteristics associated with blackout trajectory membership. Methods Participants (ages 14-20; N = 836) attending an ED who screened positive for risky drinking and enrolled in a randomized-controlled trial of brief alcohol interventions were assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months. We used group-based trajectory modeling to determine characteristic trajectories of blackout frequency over 12-months in relation to baseline characteristics: demographics, substance use, delinquency, depression/anxiety symptoms, sexual assault, dating violence, and peer and sibling influences. Results We identified four groups: No/Low blackouts (n = 248; 29.7%), Declining blackouts (n = 92; 11.0%), Moderate blackouts (n = 337; 40.3%) and High blackouts (n = 159; 19.0%); group membership did not differ based on intervention receipt. In adjusted analyses, compared to the No/Low group all other groups had higher odds of having an alcohol-related baseline ED visit. Female sex, alcohol consumption, prescription drug misuse, sexual assault while incapacitated due to substances, and negative peer influences were positively associated with membership in the High group; College/Greek life involvement was also highest. Negative peer influences and being in high school (vs. College/Greek life) also distinguished the Moderate group. Conclusion Blackout frequency was largely stable over time and riskier trajectories were marked by risk factors such as negative peer influences and college/Greek life involvement. Findings may inform targeted interventions, particularly for women who were in higher risk trajectories.
Pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and pregnancy loss in high vs sub fertility heifers

Abstract Reproductive inefficiency and infertility are major financial burdens to domestic livestock. Variables associated with these reproductive losses during early gestation include contributions from the oocyte, uterus, sperm, embryo and placenta. Bovine pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) are produced by the binucleate cells of the ruminant placenta and can be used to diagnose pregnancy. Increased circulating concentrations of PAG early in gestation have been correlated with pregnancy success and decreased concentrations are predictive of impending embryonic mortality in both beef and dairy cattle. The objectives of the current study were to determine whether: 1) heifer fertility status is associated with circulating concentrations of PAG and pregnancy loss; and 2) PAG concentrations within the same animal are repeatable across multiple pregnancies. We hypothesized maternal PAG concentrations would be increased in high fertility compared to subfertile heifers but not repeatable across subsequent pregnancies in the same heifer. Serial embryo transfer (ET; n = 4 rounds) was used to classify predominately Angus heifers (n = 92) as highly fertile (HF = 30; 100% pregnancy success) or subfertile (SF = 62; average = 33%; range = 25–75% pregnancy success) based on day 28 ultrasound diagnosis. Blood samples were collected at both day 28 and 44 for quantification of circulating PAG concentrations by an in house PAG ELISA with antibodies raised against early secreted PAGs. Pregnancy was terminated at day 44 of gestation and heifers were allowed 30 days recovery before synchronization for the next ET. Only heifers that were diagnosed pregnant by ultrasound were used in this study (HF: n = 30, SF: n = 62). Serum concentrations of PAGs were not different between HF (5.90 ± 0.27 ng/mL) and SF (5.56 ± 0.31 ng/mL; P = 0.16) heifers at day 28 of gestation nor was there a difference at day 44 of gestation (P = 0.32). Subfertile heifers had increased pregnancy loss between days 28 and 44 of gestation. Based on odds ratio analysis, SF heifers had a 2.41 times chance to undergo pregnancy loss between day 28–44 compared to HF heifers (P 0.05) in maternal circulating concentrations of PAG between pregnancies on day 28 or 44 of gestation in samples obtained from HF heifers. In summary, circulating concentrations of PAG are not different between HF and SF heifers; however, HF classified heifers have decreased pregnancy loss between days 28 and 44 of gestation.
Mixed Motivations, Mixed Results: A History of Law, Legislation, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Interest Convergence.

Background/ContextThe current debate about historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs)—whether these colleges are needed in a society that “seeks” equality—is not new but is the product of...
School-based mental health promotion and prevention program "Turn 2 Us" reduces mental health risk behaviors in urban, minority youth

BACKGROUND Turn 2 Us (T2U) is an elementary school-based mental health promotion and prevention program in New York City. It targets fourth- and fifth-grade students at risk for social/emotional and behavioral problems and provides a range of services to students, staff, and parents. The purpose of this study is to determine if T2U decreases internalizing and externalizing behaviors in participating students. METHODS Teachers measured students' symptoms before and after participation using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Change in the total SDQ score was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum nonparametric testing. We assessed the effects of covariates on the score change with linear regression models. RESULTS The 185 unique students who participated in the intervention showed a significant improvement in total SDQ score (Z = -4.107, p < .001). Students who were at higher risk prior to the intervention showed greatest improvement in behaviors. None of the covariates assessed affected the change in SDQ score. Regression models showed that higher initial SDQ scores predicted higher post-intervention SDQ scores (β = 0.681, p < .001). CONCLUSION T2U significantly decreased internalizing and externalizing behaviors in participating students, with the greatest impact for highest risk students. This study helps validate T2U's unique and comprehensive approach.
Treatment Outcomes and Mechanisms for an ACT-Based 10-Week Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program

Background Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs are an evidence-based biopsychosocial treatment approach for chronic pain. The purpose of the current study is to assess outcomes for a 10-week interdisciplinary, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based, outpatient treatment model and to evaluate the relationship between psychological process variables (ie, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, pain self-efficacy) and treatment outcomes. Methods 137 adults with chronic pain completed an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program. Measures of pain, pain interference, health-related quality of life, anxiety, depressed mood, insomnia, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and pain self-efficacy were completed at admission and discharge. Data were also collected on demographic and clinical variables, including opioid use. Results Results indicated significant changes in all measures at program discharge compared to admission. Opioid doses were also reduced. Results of within-subjects meditational analyses indicated that pain catastrophizing accounted for a significant portion of the treatment effect for pain severity, pain interference, and depressed mood. Pain acceptance was a mediator for change in depressed mood, whereas pain self-efficacy was a mediator for pain interference outcomes. Conclusions This study supports a 10-week, ACT-based treatment model for interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation. In addition, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and pain self-efficacy were each found to be mechanisms by which individuals achieve successful treatment outcomes. This research provides further support for interdisciplinary rehabilitation approaches for chronic pain.
Ideology, Expertise, and Industrial Transformations with Mutual Gains: Developmental Professionals in Nicaragua’s Cheese Industry

How might industrial transformations with mutual gains unfold in late-developer contexts devoid of the state’s helping hand or the pedagogical guidance of multinational buyers in global value chains? This article addresses this question through the study of a deviant case focused on a set of seven cheese-processing cooperatives in Nicaragua. It traces the cooperatives’ adoption of a new, upgraded “Gebhardian” organizational model—incorporating improvements in primary production and export-oriented processing—to the actions of a team of “developmental professionals” employed by foreign aid agencies. Drawing on ideational accounts in political science and sociology, the article then suggests that two explanatory factors set these professionals apart from other comparable actors: their adherence to a social democratic ideology and their base of expert knowledge. It also highlights the prerevolutionary collective experience of targeted rancher communities, which is reminiscent of Hirschman’s conserved “social energy,” as an indispensable background condition for the transformation. Resumen ?Como se pueden desarrollar transformaciones industriales con beneficios para capital y trabajo en contextos carentes del apoyo pedagogico tanto del estado como de empresas multinacionales insertadas en cadenas globales de valor? Este articulo aborda esta pregunta mediante el estudio del caso extremo de siete cooperativas queseras en Nicaragua. Sugiere que la intervencion de un equipo de “profesionales del desarrollo” de la cooperacion internacional explica la adopcion en estas cooperativas de un nuevo modelo de organizacion “Gebhardiano,” con mejoras en la produccion primaria y de procesamiento. Con base en teorias de ciencia politica y sociologia sobre el papel de las ideas, el articulo apunta a dos factores que diferenciaban a estos profesionales de otros actores similares: su adhesion a una ideologia socialdemocrata y su base de expertise. El articulo tambien describe la experiencia colectiva prerrevolucionaria de las comunidades de rancheros, que Hirschman describiria como “energia social” conservada, como condicion indispensable para la transformacion.
Child Care Subsidy Use and Children’s Outcomes in Middle School:

This article examines associations between child care subsidy use in early childhood and children’s middle school outcomes. Using a unique database linking administrative records of child care subs...
Extending the Utility of the Views of Nature of Science Assessment through Epistemic Network Analysis

An understanding of how science is enacted and how scientific knowledge is generated, or the nature of science (NOS), is a major goal of science education. NOS views have almost exclusively been assessed using the Views of Nature of Science (VNOS) suite of instruments, which consists of open-ended questions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of performing an Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) from VNOS-B responses, using the group as the unit of analysis. Traditional scoring of the VNOS responses demonstrated that overall, participants shifted from emerging to more sophisticated views across all elements. An ENA provided a quick visualization of how participants connected NOS ideas. With regard to accuracy of participants’ NOS understandings as a group, findings from traditional VNOS analysis and ENA converged on two main points, improvement of overall quality of knowledge and the identification of missing elements of NOS from responses. Some changes in participants’ NOS understanding were identifiable in results from only the ENA. For example, prior to instruction, ENA showed three naive ideas about empiricism. After instruction, no naive statements remained in the responses about the empirical nature of science. ENA extends the traditional VNOS analysis by enabling the pinpointing of particular ideas that are meaningful to the group, indicating clusters of ideas that are related, and illustrating the way informed, transitional and naive ideas intermingle.
Transition-of-care planning: Preparing for the future care of the individual with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Individuals with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) are often harmed when faced with changes in their living or care circumstances. Their inability to make sudden quality of life ch...
ADHD Parent and Teacher Symptom Ratings: Differential Item Functioning across Gender, Age, Race, and Ethnicity

Parent and teacher ratings of the two attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom dimensions (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity) have been found to differ across child gender, age, race, and ethnicity. Group differences could be due to actual variation in symptomatic behaviors but also could be due to measurement items functioning differently based on child characteristics. This study extended prior investigations establishing measurement invariance at the symptom dimension and item levels, by examining possible measurement variance across child demographic characteristics at the item level (i.e., differential item functioning [DIF]) in two large national samples. Using the Rasch rating scale model (Andrich Psychometrika, 43, 561–73, 1978), we examined DIF of the 18 ADHD symptoms in samples of 2079 children (n = 1037 males) from 5 to 17 years old (M = 10.7; SD = 3.8) rated by parents and 1070 children (n = 535 males) aged from 5 to 17 years old (M = 11.5; SD = 3.5) rated by teachers. All but six ADHD symptom items showed DIF across child age, gender, race (Black vs. White), and ethnicity with more items showing DIF for age than for gender, race, or ethnicity. For child gender and age, more items showed DIF for parent than for teacher ratings. More items showed DIF across racial groups for teacher than for parent ratings. Only two parent- and teacher-rated items showed DIF for ethnicity. Implications of findings for practice, research, and future iterations of ADHD diagnostic criteria are discussed.
Asymptotic resolution bounds of generalized modularity and multi-scale community detection

Abstract The maximization of generalized modularity performs well on networks in which the members of all communities are statistically indistinguishable from each other. However, there is no theory bounding the maximization performance in more realistic networks where edges are heterogeneously distributed within and between communities. Using the random graph properties, we establish asymptotic theoretical bounds on the resolution parameter for which the generalized modularity maximization performs well. From this new perspective on random graph model, we find the resolution limit of modularity maximization can be explained in a surprisingly simple and straightforward way. Given a network produced by the stochastic block models, the communities for which the resolution parameter is larger than their densities are likely to be spread among multiple clusters, while communities for which the resolution parameter is smaller than their background inter-community edge density will be merged into one large component. Therefore, no suitable resolution parameter exits when the intra-community edge density in a subgraph is lower than the inter-community edge density in some other subgraph. For such networks, we propose a progressive agglomerative heuristic algorithm to detect practically significant communities at multiple scales.
What psychology is

A science of mind We spend an enormous number of our waking hours thinking and talking about our thoughts, emotions, and experiences. For example, we wonder: Why did the waiter give me that unusual smile? Did my co-worker see me stealing those office supplies? How can I deflect my unwanted admirer's attention – or attract the attention of someone else? In trying to answer such questions, and in interpreting one another's behavior more generally, we make use of a vast body of lore about how people perceive, reason, desire, feel, and so on. So we say such things as: the waiter is smiling obsequiously because he hopes I will give him a larger tip; my co-worker does know, but he won't tell anyone, because he's afraid I’ll reveal his gambling problem; and so on. Formulating such explanations is part of what enables us to survive in a shared social environment. This everyday understanding of our minds, and those of others, is referred to as “folk psychology.” The term is usually taken as picking out our ability to attribute psychological states and to use those attributions for a variety of practical ends, including prediction, explanation, manipulation, and deception. It encompasses our ability to verbally produce accounts couched in the everyday psychological vocabulary with which most of us are conversant: the language of beliefs, desires, intentions, fears, hopes, and so on. Such accounts are the stuff of which novels and gossip are made. Although our best evidence for what people think is often what they say, much of our capacity to read the thoughts of others may also be nonverbal, involving the ability to tell moods and intentions immediately by various bodily cues – an ability we may not be conscious that we have.
Understanding electronic peculiarities in tetragonal FeSe as local structural symmetry breaking

Traditional band theory of perfect crystalline solids often uses as input the structure deduced from diffraction experiments; when modeled by the minimal unit cell this often produces a spatially averaged model. The present study illustrates that this is not always a safe practice unless one examines if the intrinsic bonding mechanism is capable of benefiting from the formation of a distribution of lower symmetry local environments that differ from the macroscopically averaged structure. This can happen either due to positional or to magnetic symmetry breaking. By removing the constraint of a small crystallographic cell, the energy minimization in the density functional theory finds atomic and spin symmetry breaking, not evident in conventional diffraction experiments but being found by local probes such as atomic pair distribution function analysis. Here we report that large atomic and electronic anomalies in bulk tetragonal FeSe emerge from the existence of distributions of local positional and magnetic moment motifs. The found symmetry-broken motifs obtained by minimization of the internal energy represent what chemical bonding in the tetragonal phase prefers as intrinsic energy lowering (stabilizing) static distortions. This explains observations of band renormalization, predicts orbital order and enhanced nematicity, and provides unprecedented close agreement with spectral function measured by photoemission and local atomic environment revealed by the pair distribution function. While the symmetry-restricted strong correlation approach has been argued previously to be the exclusive theory needed for describing the main peculiarities of FeSe, we show here that the symmetry-broken mean-field approach addresses numerous aspects of the problem, provides intuitive insight into the electronic structure, and opens the door for large-scale mean-field calculations for similar $d$-electron quantum materials.
Assessing Strategic Customer Behavior under Bounded Rationality: An Abstract

In service markets, customers are often uncertain about future service outcomes. To resolve this uncertainty, customers update their expectations of what is to come and use the updated expectations to generate responses or judgment (Hintzman 1988). Accordingly, firms make efforts to deliver free service upgrades to meet or exceed customer expectations (Schneider and Bowen 1999). Such efforts, however, may not necessarily improve the firm’s profitability as customers elevate their expectations over time and become strategic to “cherry-pick” the offers.
Novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) involves multifaceted pathophysiology which increases the risk of cardiorenal events and mortality. Conventional therapy is limited to renin-angiotensin aldosterone sy...
Living with the financial consequences of cancer: A life course perspective.

Financial hardship can be a major cause of distress among persons with cancer, resulting in chronic stress and impacting physical and emotional health. This paper provides an analysis of the lived ...
Contrasting characteristics of open- and closed-cellular stratocumulus cloud in the eastern North Atlantic

Abstract. Extensive regions of marine boundary layer cloud impact the radiative balance through their significant shortwave albedo while having little impact on outgoing longwave radiation. Despite this importance, these cloud systems remain poorly represented in large-scale models due to difficulty in representing the processes that drive their life cycle and coverage. In particular, the mesoscale organization and cellular structure of marine boundary clouds have important implications for the subsequent cloud feedbacks. In this study, we use long-term (2013–2018) observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Facility's Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site on Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal, to identify cloud cases with open- or closed-cellular organization. More than 500 h of each organization type are identified. The ARM observations are combined with reanalysis and satellite products to quantify the cloud, precipitation, aerosol, thermodynamic, and large-scale synoptic characteristics associated with these cloud types. Our analysis shows that both cloud organization populations occur during similar sea surface temperature conditions, but the open-cell cases are distinguished by stronger cold-air advection and large-scale subsidence compared to the closed-cell cases, consistent with their formation during cold-air outbreaks. We also find that the open-cell cases were associated with deeper boundary layers, stronger low-level winds, and higher rain rates compared to their closed-cell counterparts. Finally, raindrops with diameters larger than 1 mm were routinely recorded at the surface during both populations, with a higher number of large drops during the open-cellular cases. The similarities and differences noted herein provide important insights into the environmental and cloud characteristics during varying marine boundary layer cloud mesoscale organization and will be useful for the evaluation of model simulations for ENA marine clouds.
Bekollé-Bonami estimates on some pseudoconvex domains

Abstract We establish a weighted L p norm estimate for the Bergman projection for a class of pseudoconvex domains. We obtain an upper bound for the weighted L p norm when the domain is, for example, a bounded smooth strictly pseudoconvex domain, a pseudoconvex domain of finite type in C 2 , a convex domain of finite type in C n , or a decoupled domain of finite type in C n . The upper bound is related to the Bekolle-Bonami constant and is sharp. When the domain is smooth, bounded, and strictly pseudoconvex, we also obtain a lower bound for the weighted norm. As an additional application of the method of proof, we obtain the result that the Bergman projection is weak-type ( 1 , 1 ) on these domains.
Comment in Opposition to Proposed Revisions to National Historic Preservation Act, No. 1024-AE49 (U.S. Department of the Interior)

This public comment was submitted to the Department of the Interior in opposition to certain proposals to change aspects of the regulations for the National Register of Historic Places. The proposed regulatory revisions appear to aim to conform federal regulations with amendments to the National Historic Preservation Act, which were adopted in 2016. However, these revisions would undermine the federal statutory framework for preservation and would make it harder to preserve America’s great places for future generations in that they: (1) Unlawfully contradict federal statutes setting forth agency responsibilities, (2) Unlawfully misinterpret the federal statutory provision regarding owner objection, (3) Jeopardize full use of the federal rehabilitation tax credit, (4) Place undue and unfunded mandates on State Historic Preservation Offices, and (5) Are being proposed, unlawfully, without required tribal consultation.
Fatigue severity among adults with chronic low back pain: relations to opioid use and hazardous alcohol use

: Chronic low back pain is the second leading cause of disability in the United States and is related to greater risk of opioid misuse. Research suggests that severe fatigue may be a relevant facto...
The chemistry of ubiquinone.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the chemical knowledge of the ubiquinones. It discusses new results from studies of the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, some new data concerning the mass spectrometry of the ubiquinones. Mass spectrometry has proved to be extremely useful in this research. A study of the mass spectra of a series of ubiquinones and related multiprenylphenols has yielded data that allow structural information to be obtained with ease from mass spectra of related new products. The chapter presents the isolation and characterization of biosynthetic intermediates in the conversion of p-hydroxybenzoic acid to ubiquinone, it has been necessary to elucidate the structures of intermediates available in very limited amounts. The characterization of a series of closely related multiprenylphenols and quinones has allowed a complete sequence of biochemical intermediates between p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ubiquinone to be deduced. This sequence may now be studied in the classical manner using the appropriate isolated enzyme for each step. However, the transformations of the sequence are clearly in accord with the available knowledge of other biosynthetic transformation.