cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the condition of bacteria carried by cockroaches in Xuzhou city

Objective In order to understand different habitat cockroach body surface pathogen situation in urban area of Xuzhou city,and improve the conscious of cockroach′s harm.Methods According to different habitats,dividing the ensnare duration cockroach into different groups,then testing the pathogen and its total detection of carrying pathogenic bacteria respectively Results The cockroaches transmission rate was 100% in different habitats.E.coli,mould,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella carrying rate were 60%,100%,40%,20% and 20% respectively.Both Hemolytic streptococcus and shigellae infection had not been detected.Conclusion Local cockroach transmission rate is higher.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of cockroach.
Early Continence after Radical Prostatectomy

A prospective evaluation of urinary continence in 60 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with incorporation of the fascia posterior to the urethra into the vesicourethral anastomosis is described. With this technique complete continence without the need for pads has been achieved in 88% of the patients, with stress incontinence in 10% and total incontinence in 2%. Continence was achieved within 1 to 16 weeks, with 13% of the patients dry during week 1, 55% dry at 6 weeks and 83% dry at 3 months. The median interval to achieve continence was 5 weeks. Median age of the continent patients was significantly lower than that of incontinent patients (65 versus 69 years). Neither the number of neurovascular bundles resected nor the need to reconstruct the vesical neck affected the rate of continence. While the exact mechanism of continence after radical prostatectomy remains unknown, incorporation of the fascia posterior to the urethra into the vesicourethral anastomosis results in earlier continence and thereby lessens the morbidity of this procedure.
The Immature Remains

This chapter presents information on cranial remains for Shanidar 7, axial skeleton for Shanidar 7 and Shanidar 9, and upper and lower limb remains for Shanidar 7. The well-preserved and unworn deciduous dentition of Shanidar 7 depicts a morphological pattern similar to those known for other Neandertals. Shanidar 7 and Shanidar 9 are morphologically similar to those of most recent human infants of similar developmental ages. The upper limb remains of Shanidar 7 are generally similar to those of recent human infants. They differ only in the greater development of attachments for certain muscles, muscles that were hypertrophied among Neandertal adults. The remains of Shanidar 7 and 9 are generally similar to those of all H . sapiens of the same developmental age. However, Shanidar 7 has characteristics that place it at the limits of recent human ranges of variation and align it with other Neandertal infants. These features include the elaboration of cusp morphology on the deciduous teeth, especially the deciduous molars, and the indications of muscular hypertrophy in the attachments of the M. pronator quadratus , M. opponens pollicis , and M. gluteus maximus . The postcranial hypertrophy of Shanidar 7 and other Neandertal children suggests that the robusticity of the Neandertals was manifest at an early developmental age.
The Fragmented Media

Early in 1992, Bill Clinton was the clear front-runner for the Democratic presidential nomination. With President Bush’s approval ratings hovering near 90 percent in 1991 following the successful Persian Gulf war, a number of leading Democrats had opted not to seek the presidency out of fear that the election was a lost cause for their party. In the weak field of Democrats, Clinton appeared to be the strongest candidate.
Review of Journaling as a Teaching and Learning Strategy

Abstract Journaling is an educational tool commonly used within nursing associate and bachelor degree programs. This article reviews journaling history, research, usage, and advantages and disadvantages within nursing education. New research trends reflect an interest in combining journaling with technology, pairing with simulation, and incorporating into graduate nursing programs to evolve with the changing needs of health care and technology.
HoxA10 Dramatically Alters the Immunophenotype of Early Hematopoietic Progenitors Derived In Vitro from ES Cells.

Abstract Hox genes are important regulators of normal hematopoiesis, where each step in differentiation from stem cell to differentiated progeny is associated with a particular Hox expression pattern. In addition, abnormal or disregulated Hox gene expression is often associated with leukaemia. In order to understand how Hox gene transcriptional networks govern normal and leukemic hematopoiesis, we have generated ES cell lines in which expression of representative Hox genes can be induced with doxycycline during in vitro differentiation. Previous work showed that the relatively 3′ Hox gene, HoxB4, promotes self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, as well as enabling a primitive to definitive hematopoietic transition. We report here the generation of an ES cell line with inducible expression of a relatively 5′ Hox gene, HoxA10. When expressed during the time at which the hematopoietic lineage first segregates from the endothelial lineage (day 4 of embryoid body (EB) differentiation), HoxA10 dramatically alters the immunophenotype of the EB hematopoietic compartment. Whereas 100% of hematopoietic colony forming cells (CFC) from a wild-type day 6 EB are double positive for c-kit and CD41, HoxA10 expression from day 4 to day 6 eliminates the CD41-positive population, while increasing the c-kit-positive population. CFCs were present at relatively normal numbers. In contrast, HoxB4 did not dramatically alter either the frequency or the immunophenotype of this early hematopoietic population, but significantly enhanced the frequency of mixed-lineage CFCs. We further compared the ability of these two Hox genes to promote the outgrowth of an undifferentiated hematopoietic population on OP9 from day 6 EBs. Whereas HoxB4 induced a rapid expansion of this population, concomitantly with ongoing myeloid commitment, HoxA10 induced a much slower outgrowth characterized by a prominent B-lymphoid component as well as myeloid and erythroid elements. We are currently assaying this HoxA10-induced hematopoietic population for adult repopulating activity.
Inside an Expert System: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Trends

Since the introduction of electronic data processing systems (EDP) in the early 1960s, computer-based information systems have gone through tremendous developments in both capability and design. In recent years, one type of advanced information systems, expert systems (ES), has made its appearance and is evolving at a steadily increasing pace, not only in concept development, but also in practical applications. This paper tries to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the current ES, and then provides insights into the future improvements of ES.
Accuracy in direct behavior rating is minimally impacted by completion latency

Direct behavior ratings (DBRs) have been proposed as an efficient method to assess student behavior in the classroom due to their relative ease of administration compared to alternative methods like systematic direct observation. DBRs are considered low-inference assessments of behavior because they are designed to be completed immediately following a specified observation period of student behavior; however, in practice it is common for teachers and other respondents to delay completion of a DBR until they are reminded to do so. It is unclear what effect, if any, this latency between observation and DBR completion has on rater accuracy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of completion latency on accuracy in an analogue setting. Two-hundred forty-one undergraduate students (83.8% female) with a mean age of 21 participated across eight groups and were asked to complete an electronic DBR immediately after watching a video of student behavior or after a predetermined delay of 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, or 6 hours. A one-way analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between completion latency and DBR accuracy, F(7, 233) = .959, p = .46, η2 = .028.
Surgical anatomy of the nose

It is well accepted in the field of rhinoplasty that knowledge of surgical and applied anatomy is critical for success in evaluation and performance of rhinoplasty. This article discusses all aspects of the anatomy of the lower third or the tip of the nose, with comprehensive illustrations. Every attempt has been made to make these illustrations anatomically correct, and they are augmented by photographs taken at fresh cadaver dissections. It is hoped that the reader will gain a grounding in the surgical anatomy to facilitate the clinical implications of surgery of the tip of the nose. References are given for those who wish to pursue the subject in greater detail.
Locating the Inner World of Teaching: Notes on Aparna Mishra Tarc’s Literacy of the Other

This paper describes the inner world of teaching as it is specified and explored in Aparna Mishra Tarc’s (2015) Literacy of the Other: Renarrating Humanity. The paper notes Mishra Tarc’s particular commitments to psychoanalytic thought and explores the significance of her theory of pedagogy as professional labor, human engagement, and literary and aesthetic encounter.
Temperature and para hydrogen gradients on Jupiter observed from the FORCAST camera on SOFIA

Abstract Jupiter was observed on December 8, 2010 with SOFIA using the FORCAST mid-infrared camera with selected spectral channels in the 5–40 µm region. Although the channels were not optimized for planetary observations, we demonstrate that useful information on latitude gradients of upper tropospheric temperature and the para hydrogen fraction ƒp can be retrieved. Calibration of the data is refined using simultaneous measurements of Callisto, along with a simplified model of Callisto's thermal behavior. In this preliminary study, an inversion algorithm is applied to measurements in three channels to obtain temperature and ƒp as functions of latitude in an atmospheric layer centered near 300 mbar. The results are compared with those previously obtained from Voyager IRIS, Cassini CIRS, and ground-based measurements. The low-latitude minimum in ƒp is found to be significantly displaced northward from the equatorial minimum in temperature, unlike the gradients found in the earlier Voyager and ground-based measurements. Possible explanations for this behavior are explored.
An impact evaluation of two rounds of mass drug administration on the prevalence of active trachoma: A clustered cross sectional survey

Introduction We investigated the impact of two round of mass drug administration on trachoma prevalence in Plateau and Nasarawa States of Nigeria. The mass drug administration was conducted as a component of the SAFE Strategy, a combination of interventions recommended for the global elimination of blinding trachoma. Methods The study consisted of a two-stage cross-sectional clustered sample survey in which 3990 people from 793 households were screened for clinical signs of trachoma. Results Of the total 3990 people examined, 1530 were children, of which 808 (53%) were boys and 704 (47%) were girls. The impact of intervention as measured by the changes in overall prevalence of follicular trachoma were as follows: At baseline the overall prevalence of follicular trachoma among children 1–9 years of age was 6.4%, 95% CI [5.8, 7.0]; the overall prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in the total population was 0.20%, 95% CI [0.16, 0.25]. At follow up, the overall prevalence of follicular trachoma among children 1–9 years of age was 3.4%, 95% CI [1.9, 4.9]; the overall prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in the total population was 0.20%, 95% CI [0.00, 0.05]. The highest statistically significant reduction (96%) in follicular trachoma prevalence was observed in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State from baseline prevalence of 13.6%, 95% CI [9.7, 17.5] to follow-up prevalence of 0.5%, 95% CI [0.0, 1.5] and the lowest reduction (58%) in follicular trachoma prevalence was observed in Langtang North Local Government Area of Plateau State from baseline prevalence of 15.8%, 95% CI [9.3, 22.3] to 6.6%, 95% CI [1.6, 11.6], (p<0.05). Conclusion A significant reduction in the overall prevalence of follicular trachoma was achieved after two rounds of mass drug administration. In the absence of significant activities pertaining to facial cleanliness and environmental sanitation components of the SAFE strategy in the intervention areas, the observed deep reductions in prevalence could mainly be attributed to mass drug administration. Therefore, two rounds of mass azithromycin administration may be as effective as guideline-recommended three or more rounds in reducing active trachoma prevalence but findings should be replicated in more robustly designed studies.
Spindle cell lesion in the bone marrow.

![Figure][1] A 60-year-old man with myeloma treated with lenalidomide-bortezomib-dexamethasone (4 cycles) and carfilzomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (4 cycles) presented for a routine follow-up bone marrow scan. Flow cytometry revealed κ-restricted plasma cells consistent with the
Local chiral EFT potentials in nuclei and neutron matter: results and issues

In recent years, the combination of advanced quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods and local interactions derived from chiral effective field theory (EFT) has been shown to provide a versatile and systematic approach to nuclear systems. Calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order in chiral EFT have lead to fascinating results for nuclei and nucleonic matter. On the one hand, ground-state properties of nuclei are well reproduced up to $A\leq16$, even though these potentials have been fit to nucleon-nucleon scattering and few-body observables only. On the other hand, a reasonable description of neutron-matter properties emerges. While regulator functions applied to two- and three-nucleon forces are a necessary ingredient in these many-body calculations, the use of local regulators leads to a substantial residual regulator and cutoff dependence that increases current theoretical uncertainties. In this contribution, we review local chiral interactions, their applications, and QMC results for nuclei and neutron matter. In addition, we address regulator issues for such potentials and present a possible path forward.
Resource Allocation in Fog RAN for Heterogeneous IoT Environments Based on Reinforcement Learning

Fog radio access network (F-RAN) has been recently proposed to satisfy the low-latency communication requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. We consider the problem of sequentially allocating the limited resources of a fog node to a heterogeneous population of IoT applications with varying latency requirements. Specifically, for each service request, the fog node needs to decide whether to serve that user locally to provide it with low-latency communication service or to refer it to the cloud control center to keep the limited fog resources available for future users. We formulate the problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), for which we present the optimal decision policy through Reinforcement Learning (RL). The proposed resource allocation method learns from the IoT environment how to strike the right balance between two conflicting objectives, maximizing the total served utility and minimizing the idle time of the fog node. Extensive simulation results for various IoT environments corroborate the theoretical underpinnings of the proposed RL-based resource allocation method.
Three-Dimensional Fitt's Law Model Used to Predict Movement Time in Serious Games for Rehabilitation

Virtual reality serious game platforms have been developed to enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitation protocols for those with motor skill disorders. Such systems increase the user's motivation to perform the recommended in-home therapy exercises, but typically don't incorporate an objective method for assessing the user's outcome metrics. We expand on the commonly used human modeling method, Fitt's law, used to predict the amount of time needed to complete a task, and apply it as an assessment method for virtual environments. During game-play, we compare the user's movement time to the predicted value as a means for assessing the individual's kinematic performance. Taking into consideration the structure of virtual gaming environments, we expand the nominal Fitt's model to one that makes accurate time predictions for three-dimensional movements. Results show that the three-dimensional refinement made to the Fitt's model makes better predictions when interacting with virtual gaming platforms than its two-dimensional counterpart.
Mate selection for the female giant waterbug (Belostoma flumineum Say, 1832); for her, it’s a coin toss or polyandry

The giant waterbug (Belostoma flumineum Say, 1832) female is responsible for mate selection. After copulation, the female deposits her eggs on the back of the male, who is then exclusively responsi...
Variation of Gonadal Dysgenesis and Tumor Risk in Patients With 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the gonadal features of patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, and to evaluate the prevalence of gonadal tumor in different phenotypes. Materials and Methods The medical records of consecutive patients with 45,X/46,XY karyotype or its variants who had undergone gonadal biopsy or gonadectomy at a single institute between 1996 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Of 34 patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, a unilateral dysgenetic testis and a contralateral streak gonad was detected in 20 patients (59%), bilateral streak gonads in 9 (26%), and bilateral dysgenetic testes in 5 (15%). A gonad composed of both streak and dysgenetic testicular portions was observed in 7 gonads of 6 patients. All streak gonads were removed, and bilateral gonadectomy was performed in 15 patients raised as girls. Pathologic examination revealed gonadal tumors in 6 of the 34 (18%) patients, including a gonadoblastoma in 7 gonads among 5 patients and an association of dysgerminoma with gonadoblastoma in 1 gonad. All 6 patients who developed gonadal tumor had female genitalia. Postoperative course was uneventful except 1 boy. A seminoma was developed in his soritaly scrotal testis at the age of 16 years. Conclusion The prevalence of gonadal tumor in patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism may vary according to the phenotype, and high in patients with female phenotype. Considering the increased risk of gonadal tumors in such patients, early investigation and individual management, including prophylactic gonadectomy, are recommended. In male patients, a close follow-up of the preserved testes is mandatory until adulthood.
Wayne State University experimental descriptor database for use with the solvation parameter model

The solvation parameter model is a well established quantitative structure-property relationship model suitable for describing the contribution of intermolecular interactions in a wide range of separation, chemical, biological and environmental processes. The model employs six descriptors for neutral compounds to describe their capability to interact with their environment of which only one, McGowan's characteristic volume (V) is available by calculation for compounds with a known structure. The other five descriptors are derived from experimental data, the refractive index at 20 °C for the excess molar refraction (E), at least for liquids, and the dipolarity/polarizability (S), hydrogen-bond acidity or basicity (A and B) and gas-liquid partition constant on n-hexadecane at 25 °C (L) typically from chromatographic measurements using gas, liquid or micellar electrokinetic chromatography, liquid-liquid partition, or solubility. In this article a descriptor database is assembled utilizing gas and reversed-phase liquid chromatography retention factors and liquid-liquid partition constants determined in a single laboratory to facilitate control over the experimental techniques employed together with a general set of selection tools to identify systems likely to result in unreliable experimental values for specific compounds. The assembled descriptors for a wide range of varied compounds are expected to be more robust for characterizing separation systems than those currently in use.
Introduction to reproductive and developmental toxicology

Abstract This chapter is a basic introduction to developmental and reproductive toxicology and will briefly review male and female reproduction, pregnancy, growth of the conceptus through parturition (birth), and postnatal development, including puberty. Factors that modulate male and female fertility along with chemicals and agents that can alter normal development will be discussed and diagrams of normal male and female reproductive processes will be presented.
Mixed metal zero-mode guides (ZMWs) for tunable fluorescence enhancement

Zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) are capable of modifying fluorescence emission through interactions with surface plasmon modes leading to either plasmon-enhanced fluorescence or quenching. Enhancement requires spectral overlap of the plasmon modes with the absorption or emission of the fluorophore. Thus, enhancement is limited to fluorophores in resonance with metals (e.g. Al, Au, Ag) used for ZMWs. The ability to tune interactions to match a wider range of fluorophores across the visible spectra would significantly extend the utility of ZMWs. We fabricated ZMWs composed of aluminum and gold individually and also in mixtures of three different ratios, (Al : Au; 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75). We characterized the effect of mixed-metal ZMWs on single-molecule emission for a range fluorophores across the visible spectrum. Mixed metal ZMWs exhibited a shift in the spectral range where they exhibited the maximum fluorescence enhancement allowing us to match the emission of fluorophores that were nonresonant with single metal ZMWs. We also compared the effect of mixed-metal ZMWs on the photophysical properties of fluorescent molecules due to metal–molecule interactions. We quantified changes in fluorescence lifetimes and photostability that were dependent on the ratio of Au and Al. Tuning the enhancement properties of ZMWs by changing the ratio of Au and Al allowed us to match the fluorescence of fluorophores that emit in different regions of the visible spectrum.
Improving Near-Surface Short-Range Weather Forecasts Using Strongly Coupled Land–Atmosphere Data Assimilation with GSI-EnKF

AbstractStrongly coupled land-atmosphere data assimilation has not yet been implemented into operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Up to now, upper air measurements have been assi...
7.18 – Macrolide Antibiotics

Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin have been used widely to combat primarily respiratory diseases caused by Gram-positive pathogens and fastidious Gram-negative pathogens. The popularity of this class of antibiotics is largely due to their spectrum of activity and their relative safety. The second-generation macrolides, clarithromycin and azithromycin, are derived from erythromycin, and have a broader spectrum of activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Macrolide antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with ribosome function, and details of the inhibitory mechanisms have been clarified by recent advances in the x-ray structure of the ribosome–macrolide complexes. The widespread use of these antibiotics had catalyzed the emergence of macrolide-resistant strains, especially among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. In response to these resistant pathogens, third-generation macrolides, represented by the ketolide telithromycin, are being developed. These derivatives have increased affinity for the bacterial ribosome and a reduced propensity to be efflux pump substrates compared with the first- and second-generation macrolides. Discovery of telithromycin and its introduction into the market triggered a renewed interest in the chemistry of macrolide antibiotics in recent years. As a result, a large number of novel and potent analogs were synthesized and are under investigation. In this chapter, the major classes of macrolide antibiotics as well as the newer analogs are reviewed. Included are descriptions of their syntheses, their mechanism of action, resistance mechanisms, structure–activity relationship (SAR), and their pharmacokinetic and safety properties.
Political Wine in a Judicial Bottle: Justice Sotomayor's Surprising Concurrence in Aurelius

Justice Sotomayor just took sides in the debate over Puerto Rican decolonization. It happened when no one was looking, on June 1, 2020, in Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Aurelius Investment, LLC, a case involving an Appointments Clause challenge to the mechanism for selecting the members of the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (“FOMB”). Although the Court unanimously upheld the appointments, Justice Sotomayor wrote separately to address an issue not raised by the parties, but directly relevant to a bitter, longstanding, and high-stakes political debate: the debate over Puerto Rican decolonization. According to Justice Sotomayor, the FOMB itself is likely unconstitutional, because it violates a “compact” between the United States and Puerto Rico, which Congress may not unilaterally amend or repeal. What Justice Sotomayor didn’t mention is that whether such a “compact” even exists is easily the most hotly contested issue in Puerto Rico’s status debate—the debate over whether Puerto Rico should become a state of the Union or an independent nation, or remain something in between. Justice Sotomayor’s Aurelius concurrence surprised everyone by aggressively taking sides in favor of the compact. Yet she did so without even acknowledging, let alone engaging, the other side of the debate. As a result, she exacerbated the already considerable legal ambiguity that has defined and prolonged Puerto Rico’s colonial condition for well over a century. This Essay criticizes Justice Sotomayor for offering her unsolicited opinion on a profoundly divisive and consequential issue for Puerto Ricans, and attempts to mitigate the damage she has done by giving voice to the opposing point of view.
Effect of culinary education curriculum on Mediterranean diet adherence and food cost savings in families: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Diet-related diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. While the critical aspects of a healthy diet are well known, the relationship between community-based, teaching kitchen education and dietary behaviours is unclear. We examined the effect of a novel culinary medicine education programme on Mediterranean diet adherence and food cost savings. Design: Families were randomised to a hands-on, teaching kitchen culinary education class (n = 18) or non-kitchen-based dietary counselling (n = 23) for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was adherence to the validated nine-point Mediterranean diet score, and the secondary outcome was food cost savings per family. Setting: The Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine, a community teaching kitchen in New Orleans. Participants: Families (n = 41) of at least one child and one parent. Results: Compared with families receiving traditional dietary counselling, those participating in hands-on, kitchen-based nutrition education were nearly three times as likely to follow a Mediterranean dietary pattern (OR 2·93, 95% CI 1·73, 4·95; P < 0·001), experiencing a 0·43-point increase in Mediterranean diet adherence after 6 weeks (B = 0·43; P < 0·001). Kitchen-based nutrition education projects to save families $US 21·70 per week compared with standard dietary counselling by increasing the likelihood of consuming home-prepared v. commercially-prepared meals (OR 1·56, 95% CI 1·08, 2·25; P = 0·018). Conclusions: Community-based culinary medicine education improves Mediterranean diet adherence and associates with food cost savings among a diverse sample of families. Hands-on culinary medicine education may be a novel evidence-based tool to teach healthful dietary habits and prevent chronic disease.
Mavacamten: a novel small molecule modulator of β-cardiac myosin for treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common known monogenetic cardiovascular disorder which frequently leads to symptoms such as dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Current guideline-recommended ph...
Testosterone versus hCG in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism – Comparing Clinical Effects and Evaluating Current Practice:

Background. Gonadotropin therapy is not typically used for pubertal induction in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), however, represents a promising alternative to testosterone. It can potentially ...
What Good Is Military Strategy? An Analysis of Strategy and Effectiveness in the First Arab-Israeli War

What good is military strategy? According to the scholarship on military effectiveness, the answer is “not much”—strategy does not significantly affect the performance of armies in combat. Strategic theory scholarship disagrees and describes four specific mechanisms linking strategy to military effectiveness: Exploiting weaknesses in the adversary’s strategy; causing psychological dislocation in the enemy commanders; creating a favorable center of gravity and pattern of war; and focusing resources and controlling violence in service of political goals. This essay uses a case study from the southern front of the First Arab-Israeli War to explore how strategy affects military performance. We find that Israeli General Yigal Allon’s military strategy significantly increased the combat efficiency and battlefield performance of the Israeli Defense Force, consistent with the mechanisms suggested by strategic theory. These findings suggest that military strategy is indeed an important determinant of military effectiveness.
3117 – GPRASP2 REGULATES CXCR4 STABILITY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR HSPC TRANSPLANTATION

Transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a life-saving therapy that is limited by donor availability and low cell numbers in sources such as cord blood. Advances in our understanding of the biochemical pathways that determine HSPC engraftment will allow for the optimization of transplantation strategies. We previously found that knockdown of GPRASP (G-protein Coupled Receptor Associated Sorting Protein) protein family members increases CXCR4 abundance and transplantation efficiency in murine HSPCs. Here, we demonstrate that GPRASP2 facilitates the acute agonist-induced degradation of CXCR4 in human hematopoietic cells and limits signaling downstream of CXCR4. Initial data also indicate that loss of GPRASP2 may increase the transplantation efficiency of human CD34+ cells. An antibody protection assay performed in HL60 cells demonstrated that knockdown of GPRASP2 significantly increases stability of CXCR4 following SDF-1 treatment. Phosphoflow experiments were performed to quantify the impact of GPRASP2 on signaling pathways downstream of CXCR4 including AKT, ERK1/2, p38, and JAK/STAT. SDF-1 treatment primarily resulted in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and this was significantly increased by GPRASP2 knockdown. To test the role of GPRASP2 in human HSPC transplantation, CD34+ cells were edited by CRISPR/Cas9 with sgRNAs targeting GPRASP2 or the AAVS1 safe harbor site and then xenotransplanted into NBSGW mice. Initial results indicate that GPRASP2 KO results in higher human chimerism than is seen for AAVS1-targeted cells. In addition to assessing chimerism between transplants, changes in INDEL frequency within each transplant will be tracked for 16 weeks to determine the fitness of GPRASP2 knockout cells as compared to non-edited cells. This work reveals novel aspects of CXCR4 regulation by GPRASP2 and illuminates a potential point of intervention for the optimization of HSPC transplantation.
Are Cramér-Rao lower bounds an accurate estimate for standard deviations in in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy?

Due to inherent time constraints for in vivo experiments, it is infeasible to repeat multiple MRS scans to estimate standard deviations on the desired measured parameters. As such, the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) have become the routine method to approximate standard deviations for in vivo experiments. Cramer-Rao lower bounds, however, as the name suggests, are theoretically a lower bound on the standard deviation and it is not clear if and under what circumstances this approximation is valid. Realistic synthetic 3 T spectra were used to investigate the relationship between estimated CRLBs, true CRLBs and standard deviations. Here we demonstrate that, although the CRLBs are theoretically truly a lower bound on the standard deviation (not an equality) for the problem typically encountered in quantification, they are still an adequate approximation to standard deviation as long as the model perfectly characterizes the data. In the case when the macromolecule basis deviates from the measured macromolecules it was shown that the CRLBs can deviate from standard deviations by approximately 50% for N-acetylaspartic acid, creatine and glutamate and of the order of 100% or more for myo-inositol and γ-aminobutyric acid. In the case when the model perfectly reflects the data the CRLBs are within approximately 10% of standard deviations for all metabolites. The result of the CRLB being within 10% of standard deviations means that, for an accurate model, novel quantification methods such as machine learning or deep learning will not be able to obtain substantially more precise estimates for the desired parameters than traditional maximum-likelihood estimation.
Statement by Michael A. Carrier to Senate Judiciary Committee

My testimony supports 5 bills that would address anticompetitive games brand drug companies play to delay generic entry: 1) sample denials, 2) pay-for-delay settlements, 3) citizen petitions, 4) product hopping, and 5) patent thicketing.
Perceptions on acceptability and reported consumption of marijuana by blood donors prior to donation in the recreational use state of Colorado, USA

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood donor opinions and behaviours regarding marijuana use are not well known nor is the potential impact to the blood supply. We sought to assess opinions and frequency of marijuana use in proximity to blood donation via a survey of blood donors at a hospital-based blood collection site in a state where recreational marijuana use has been legal since 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood donors at least 18 years of age who donated between 2014 and 2019 were surveyed electronically, with all responses kept anonymous to encourage engagement and accurate reporting. RESULTS Overall response rate was 8.03% (12,186 surveys sent with 979 responses). Of responding donors, 23.5% indicated that they felt that consuming various forms of marijuana was acceptable prior to blood donation. Marijuana use 20 donations and 52.6% indicated apheresis platelet donation. CONCLUSION Nearly one quarter of responding blood donors feel that marijuana use is acceptable prior to blood donation, and nearly every demographic group surveyed indicated use of marijuana <72 h prior to donation. These results suggest the need for additional research to determine if marijuana-related metabolites in collected blood products negatively impact recipients, particularly vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women. These results may inform whether changes in donor screening or testing for marijuana use are warranted.
Measuring Software Change Impact Using Requirement Dependencies

Tracking software changes and their impact are important tasks when developing and deploying software. Software developers armed with the knowledge of which changes have the highest impact on the existing software can selectively deploy changes to minimize any negative impacts on the deployment. Software developers can use requirements change impact measures to assist with how to implement the changes to software code. One challenge when identifying change impact is quantifying the effect of the impact. In this research, we approach the problem of identifying and quantifying the impact of changes by applying IR techniques along with data mining. We apply TF—IDF and LSI to help determine which changes have a high potential of modifying existing requirements. We also analyze similarities among requirements changes and similarities among requirements baselines. In both cases, our threshold for identifying similarity is between 75% – 95%. We use these transitive relationships in conjunction with the change to baseline relationships to derive more insight about the inter-relationships of the baseline requirements and changes to those requirements. We bucket these relationships according to their impact scores into buckets of low, medium, and high impact using per dataset analysis of tertiles.
Newly-identified blood biomarkers of neurological damage are correlated with infarct volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Abstract Our group recently performed a genome-wide informatic analysis that highlighted eight brain-enriched proteins with strong potential to serve as blood biomarkers of neurological injury (GFAP, MBP, β-synuclein, OPALIN, MT-3, SNAP-25, KIF5A, MOBP), including six that have yet to be widely investigated. In this study, our aim was to determine whether the circulating levels of these proteins could be used to approximate the extent of neural tissue damage in ischemic stroke. To address this aim, blood was collected from 43 ischemic stroke patients immediately upon hospital admission. The serum levels of the eight candidate proteins were measured via ELISA, infarct volume was assessed via manual tracing of neuroradiological images, and correlational analysis was performed to examine potential associative relationships. The serum levels of all eight proteins exhibited positive correlations with infarct volume, however the strongest associations were observed in a subset of four proteins known to originate from neurons specifically (MT-3, SNAP-25, KIF5A, β-synuclein). Combining the serum levels of these neuron-originating proteins using principal components analysis produced a single composite value that was more strongly correlated with infarct volume than the levels of any single protein considered in isolation (r = 0.48, p
Sound, captions, action: Voices in video composition projects

Abstract While music, voice-over narration, and sound effects are playing increasingly prominent roles in composition pedagogies, accessing the aural mode can be uniquely challenging for D/deaf and hard-of-hearing students who are asked to conceptualize, create, and monitor sound for their projects. To contribute to accessible sound research in composition and composition pedagogies, this article presents the interdisciplinary collaboration of Janine Butler, a Deaf rhetoric and composition scholar who teaches writing, and Stacy Bick, a hard-of-hearing visual communications studies senior lecturer who teaches filmmaking. We share our analysis of three D/deaf and hard-of-hearing college students in Stacy Bick's filmmaking course—a course that dedicates a full semester to the process of creating and editing videos with sound and captions. Our analysis unpacks the strategies that these students used to produce captions, voice-over narrations, and other sounds. Attending to their composing experiences can positively complicate the definition of “voice” by showing how students interact with other voices, individuals, technologies, and modes to express their own voices as creators of accessible video compositions. We conclude by sharing implications for how instructors and students with all levels of hearing can actively make sound studies and composition pedagogies accessible.
Innate Immunity and Fungal Infections

Innate immunity is central to host defense against fungi. For many types of fungal infections, innate immunity is solely responsible for host defense. However, even for fungal infections that require an adaptive immune response for clearance, innate immunity plays a key role in the effective development of adaptive immunity. Several broad effector mechanisms are induced early to combat a fungal infection. Complement, mannose binding protein (MBP), and surfactant proteins promote initial recognition (opsonization) of fungi. The complement pathways are an essential part of the innate response to fungi. Opsonization can also be mediated by MBP via recognition and binding to complex carbohydrates (e.g., D-mannose and N-acetylglucosamine) on fungal surfaces. During pulmonary infections, surfactant proteins may also opsonize fungi and participate in host defense. The cells of the innate immune system possess many immunoregulatory functions, along with potent antifungal effector mechanisms that can be activated by adaptive immunity. The cells of the innate immune system rapidly release cytokines in response to fungal products and binding of opsonized fungi. Fungal infections induce the production of both C-C and C-X-C chemokines. Dendritic cells are the most effective antigen-presenting cells (APC) for stimulating naive T cells and are probably key APC in initiating Th1-type cellmediated immunity against fungi. Fungal virulence factors and secreted or shed fungal products can interfere with a number of innate mechanisms, resulting in a dynamic interaction between microbe and host.
Opportunistic data dissemination in mobile peer-to-peer networks

In this paper we examine the dissemination of availability reports about resources in mobile peer-to-peer networks, where moving objects communicate with each other via short-range wireless transmission. Each disseminated report represents an observed spatial-temporal event, and the relevance of the report to a moving object decays as the age of the reported resource and the distance from its location increase. We propose an opportunistic approach, in which an object propagates the reports it carries (namely the information that it has about these resources) to encountered objects and obtains new reports in exchange. Least relevant reports are discarded after each exchange so as to limit the communication data volume of future exchanges. Our theoretical and experimental analysis indicates that the opportunistic dissemination algorithm automatically limits the global distribution of a report to a bounded spatial area and to the duration for which it is of interest. We propose two variants of the opportunistic dissemination algorithm and compare them with the traditional client-server architecture in terms of data accuracy. The proposed system has the potential to create a completely new information marketplace.
Group Behavior: Social Context Modulates Behavioral Responses to Sensory Stimuli

A new study reveals an unanticipated role for social context in driving group behavior of a solitary species to a sensory stimulus and is mediated by mechanosensory neurons signaling touch interactions among individuals.
EBSTEIN'S MALFORMATION. DISCORDANT INTRACAVITARY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC AND PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP.

Abstract This case demonstrates that normal atrial intracardiac electrical complexes and pressures can be obtained in a patient with Ebstein's malformation if the tip of the electrode catheter is withdrawn through that portion of the valve attached to the true annulus of the tricuspid ring. False negative as well as previously reported false positive tracings may be obtained. Careful anatomic localization of the tricuspid valve is imperative in patients suspected of having Ebstein's malformation. The diagnosis can also be confirmed by the production of ventricular extrasystoles or monophasic ventricular complexes when the electrode is pressed against “atrialized” ventricular endocardium.
ATTENUATION OF DIFFRACTED MULTIPLES WITH AN APEX-SHIFTED TANGENT-SQUARED RADON TRANSFORM IN IMAGE SPACE

In this paper, we propose a method to attenuate diffracted multiples with an apex-shifted tangent-squared Radon transform in angle domain common image gathers (ADCIG) . Usually, where diffracted multiples are a problem, the wave field propagation is complex and the moveout of primaries and multiples in data space is irregular. The method handles the complexity of the wave field propagation by wave-equation migration provided that migration velocities are reasonably accurate. As a result, the moveout of the multiples is well behaved in the ADCIGs. For 2D data, the apex-shifted tangent-squared Radon transform maps the 2D space image into a 3D space-cube model whose dimensions are depth, curvature and apex-shift distance. Well-corrected primaries map to or near the zero curvature plane and specularly-reflected multiples map to or near the zero apex-shift plane. Diffracted multiples map elsewhere in the cube according to their curvature and apex-shift distance. Thus, specularly reflected as well as diffracted multiples can be attenuated simultaneously. This approach is illustrated with a segment of a 2D seismic line over a large salt body in the Gulf of Mexico. It is shown that ignoring the apex shift compromises the attenuation of the diffracted multiples, whereas the approach proposed attenuates both the specularly-reflected and the diffracted multiples without compromising the primaries.
Enhancing the Behavioral Science Knowledge and Skills of 21st-Century Leaders in Academic Medicine and Science

Contemporary academic medicine and science faces a leadership dilemma. The selection of leaders is based largely on strong records of individual clinical or research accomplishments. Politics, not values, often drives leadership decision making, resulting in a “silo” mentality leading to a poor alignment of resources with goals. Too many leaders are ill-equipped to lead in the current climate, as they are not in possession of the behavioral science knowledge and skills required of leaders to be successful in today’s academic health enterprise. A shift in orientation from knowing to doing is a critical leadership competency. This article describes how a specific behavioral protocol is used to enhance leaders’ behavioral science knowledge and skills. In turn, these new behaviors allow leaders to enact transformational change in the academic health enterprise.
Lateral Active Pneumatic Suspensions for Rail Vehicle Ride Control

This paper investigates the pneumatic implementation of a lateral active suspension system for passenger rail vehicles. Included are an actuator bandwidth study on a high order linear model of rail vehicle lateral dynamics to which an active suspension was added, the modeling of a pneumatic actuator, and a nonlinear digital simulation of the pneumatic system on a single degree of freedom vehicle model. Consideration is given to vehicle vibration and secondary stroke reduction as well as to system size and power consumption.
Data augmentation for linearly separable feature space

Most of the classification methods involve data reduction procedure before making decisions by given classifiers. In fact, selection of classifier is directly related with data reduction procedure. In this paper, a new method called data augmentation is proposed to increase separability in feature space. As opposed to the other methods, it increases the dimension of the feature vectors and makes a corresponding feature space linearly separable. In addition, it involves a discriminant function as its classifier and shows better classification results in the feature space after data augmentation. The details of data augmentation in the classification method are mathematically derived and its performances are evaluated by practical applications.
The SGML handbook

PART ONE, TUTORIALS: Introduction to generalized markup Basic concepts Additional concepts Link in a nutshell PART TWO, OVERVIEW OF THE STANDARD: Introduction Text processing application SGML application SGML document Processing model Storage model Character sets Markup declaration Conformance PART THREE, SGML ANNOTATED PART FOUR, 8879 ANNEXES APPENDICES INDEX COLOPHON.