cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Future of Human Capital: An Employment Relations Perspective

Key features of the employment relationship need to be better incorporated into human capital theory and policy. Moreover, significant changes in the assumptions and practices embedded in employment systems will be required if human capital is to serve as an economy’s predominant source of competitive advantage. This chapter considers the assumptions that guided researchers and policymakers, among others, in the ‘industrial era’ and the institutions constructed to address three particular labor market/human resource-related issues - human capital formation and development, work-life integration and the role of women in the labor market, and the relationships between technology, technological change, and employment practices. It uses the US employment relations system as a case in point to illustrate how practices and assumptions that once enabled the employment relationship to ‘manage’ these three challenges must change in fundamental ways if the American economy is to gain competitive advantage from human capital in the future.
An investigation of uncertainties in the QCD NLO predictions of the inclusive jet cross section in $\mathbf{\bar{p}p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV and 630 GeV

Uncertainties in the NLO calculation of the inclusive jet cross section due to the choice of renormalization scale, parton distribution functions and clustering algorithm are explored. These are found to be similar in size to the current experimental uncertainties of the measured inclusive jet cross section at DO and CDF.
Gender plays no role in student ability to perform on computer-based examinations

Background To see if there is a difference in performance when students switch from traditional paper-and-pencil examinations to computer-based examinations, and to determine whether there are gender differences in student performance in these two examination formats.
What Can We Learn from Bilateral Trade? Gravity and Beyond

Much empirical international trade reserach requires a careful analysis of bilateral trade patterns. In this paper we examine a commonly used technique called the gravity equation. Though the use of the gravity equation on aggregate data is well-grounded in monopolistic competition trade theory, we show that central predictions necessary for its derivation can be rejected with simple tests on disaggregated data.
Time for a Top-Tier Law School in Arkansas

A simple change in state law could improve the quality of legal education in Arkansas and the quality of legal services available to our consumers - and save significant amounts of taxpayers' money. With an Afterword on academic freedom. Also available from Advance Arkansas Institute website.
Surgical management of adrenal metastases

In the presence of a history of cancer, adrenal masses are commonly, but not exclusively, metastases. Depending upon the status of the patient's ongoing cancer therapy, overall tumor burden, and performance score, adrenalectomy is a viable treatment option. Herein we review the prevalence, diagnostic evaluation, and selection for surgical treatment of adrenal metastases. Additional attention is paid to recent data supporting the safety and oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
The moral glocalization of sport: Local meanings of football in Chota Valley, Ecuador

Studies of the glocalization of sport usually focus on ‘aesthetic glocalization’ (how local actors adopt a global sport and create a new hybrid aesthetic). This has led some critics to dismiss glocalization as a superficial ‘facade’ of diversity hiding global homogeneity. This paper challenges this view by looking at the ‘moral glocalization’ of sport and at the ways local actors give global sports local moral meanings. Drawing on interviews with Afro-descendants from Chota valley, Ecuador, it shows that in this peripheral community football is seen as: (1) a morally safe emotional outlet; (2) a moral education; (3) a source of national ‘communitas’; (4) racial pride; (5) a space for local moral heroes; and (6) a gateway to communal progress. In conclusion, local actors give global football deep moral meaning when they can associate it to local conceptions of the sacred.
A capstone course with a comprehensive and integrated review of the pharmacy curriculum and student assessment as a preparation for advanced pharmacy practice experiences.

Objective. To create a capstone course that provides a comprehensive and integrated review of the pharmacy curriculum with a broad range of assessment tools to evaluate student knowledge and skills as a final preparation prior to beginning fourth-year advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).Design. The capstone course was a 4 credit-hour, case-based course. Eight comprehensive cases were assigned to students over the course of the term. The cases were designed to mimic complex clinical scenarios that students were likely to encounter during an APPE. Students were required to prepare a written and oral presentation for each case and were assessed on material covered during the cases. Faculty members presented weekly reviews on selected topics such as calculations, pharmacokinetics, and pharmaceutical compounding. At the end of the course, students took an observed structured clinical examination (OSCE), which simulated the Georgia Board of Pharmacy Practical Examination, and a comprehensive examinat...
A single-channel printing scaler for photon counting

A device is described which counts pulses and generates serial code to punch a paper tape and produce formatted count listings on a Teletype. The digital counting mode employed by the printing scaler makes it ideal for photon counting or other event recording applications in spectroscopy. The count capacity is 5 digits (99 999 if decimal; 1 048 575 if hexadecimal). Provision is made to record initialization and overflow flags and two optional external flags. A data latch is included to allow simultaneous counting and printing for minimum dead time; the maximum print rate is 1 data point per sec on a 110 baud terminal. "Initialize" and "enable" signals must be supplied by external circuitry, such as a spectrometer timing and stepping control system. A "done" pulse is supplied by the printing scaler for use in external circuitry if desired. The circuit can also be used with other serial recording devices including an on-line computer; the baud rate is easily adjustable. This device contains 32 TTL SSI and MSI integrated circuits and a few associated discrete components. Our version was constructed on a single 36-position wire wrap breadboard with edge connector and housed in an inverted 8 by 12 by 3 in. chassis box with perforated cover. The required power can be obtained from an inexpensive 5 V, 1 A power supply.
ACCUMULATION AND DEPLETION OF BASE CATIONS IN FOREST FLOORS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

Loss of base cations from forest soils can be accelerated by acid rain, by forest regrowth following harvest removals, and by declining inputs of base cations from atmospheric deposition. Calcium losses from forest floors have been reported at several sites in the northeastern United States. To test for loss of base cations from forest floors at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire (USA), we analyzed samples collected on seven dates between 1976 and 1997. Calcium and magnesium contents of the forest floor did not decline significantly; a change >0.9%/yr would have been detectable. Concentrations of Ca were 40% higher in 1969-1970 than in the current study, but the difference is partly due to changes in collection methods. Magnesium concentrations were too variable to detect a loss of <47% over the 21-yr interval. To determine whether base- cation losses were associated with forest growth, we resampled a chronosequence of north- ern hardwood stands in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The 13 stands did not show consistent changes in Ca, Mg, and potassium over the 15-yr interval. Losses of these cations were most pronounced in stands logged more than 25 yr earlier. Younger stands, contrary to our expectation that rapid forest growth should cause cation depletion, all gained base cations in the forest floor. Early in stand development these forest floors appeared to accumulate biomass along with living vegetation, rather than serving as a net source of nutrients. Finally, in a regional survey of 28 mature stands in the northeastern United States, some lost significant forest-floor Ca and Mg between 1980 and 1990, while others gained. The average change in Ca and Mg content was not significant; a loss of 1.4%/yr would have been detectable. Forest floors in the region are not currently experiencing rapid losses of base cations, though losses may have preceeded the onset of these three studies.
Identification of phenylalanine 3-hydroxylase for meta-tyrosine biosynthesis.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PheH) is an iron(II)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of aromatic amino acid l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) to l-tyrosine (l-Tyr). The enzymatic modification has been demonstrated to be highly regiospecific, forming proteinogenic para-Tyr (p-Tyr) exclusively. Here we biochemically characterized the first example of a phenylalanine 3-hydroxylase (Phe3H) that catalyzes the synthesis of meta-Tyr (m-Tyr) from Phe. Subsequent mutagenesis studies revealed that two residues in the active site of Phe3H (Cys187 and Thr202) contribute to C-3 rather than C-4 hydroxylation of the phenyl ring. This work sets the stage for the mechanistic and structural study of regiospecific control of the substrate hydroxylation by PheH.
Cue familiarity reduces spatial disorientation following hippocampal damage.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether familiarity with a cue would enhance the ability of rats with hippocampus (HPC) damage to locate a cued hidden platform in the Morris water test. After preoperative training with the cue (n = 21) or handling only (n = 17), rats were given electrolytic bilateral HPC lesions or sham surgery for controls. All rats were then tested for 4 days, 6 trials per day, with the cue marking the platform location. Rats with HPC lesions familiar with the cue (FB) were significantly more efficient than rats with HPC lesions unfamiliar with the cue (UB) in swim time (M = 10.31 +/- 2.2 vs 46.72 +/- 7.5 sec, p < .05) and in directional heading error (M = 31.98 +/- 3.4 vs 57.92 +/- 4.0 degrees, p < .05) on Day 1. These differences occurred across the 4 test days and were shown to be the result of an impairment in learning of the cue task in the UB groups rather than simply an effect of more practice with the cue by FB animals. No significant differences were found between FB animals and familial controls.
Interlocked supracondylar intramedullary nails for supracondylar fractures after total knee arthroplasty: A new treatment method

Supracondylar fractures in patients with total knee prostheses are challenging surgical problems for which there has been no single satisfactory method of management. The authors present four cases to show that a fully cannulated, closed-section, stainless steel supracondylar intramedullary nail can be inserted in a closed fashion through a 3 cm longitudinal patellar splitting incision between the metal condyles of a nonconstrained femoral component of a total knee prosthesis. The nail can be interlocked with percutaneous screws and provides primary stability of a supracondylar femoral fracture, even in the presence of total knee and total hip prostheses.
Evaluating the accuracy of data collection on mobile phones: a study of forms, sms, and voice

While mobile phones have found broad application in reporting health, financial, and environmental data, there has been little study of the possible errors incurred during mobile data collection. This paper provides the first (to our knowledge) quantitative evaluation of data entry accuracy on mobile phones in a resource-poor setting. Via a study of 13 users in Gujarat, India, we evaluated three user interfaces: 1) electronic forms, containing numeric fields and multiple-choice menus, 2) SMS, where users enter delimited text messages according to printed cue cards, and 3) voice, where users call an operator and dictate the data in real-time. Our results indicate error rates (per datum entered) of 4.2% for electronic forms, 4.8% for SMS, and 0.45% for voice. These results caused us to migrate our own initiative (a tuberculosis treatment program in rural India) from electronic forms to voice, in order to avoid errors on critical health data. While our study has some limitations, including varied backgrounds and training of participants, it suggests that some care is needed in deploying electronic interfaces in resource-poor settings. Further, it raises the possibility of using voice as a low-tech, high-accuracy, and cost-effective interface for mobile data collection.
Osteosarcoma of bone in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report

A 69-year-old woman was diagnosed with a malignant tumor of the right proximal femur. She had primary hyperparathyroidism and chronic elevation of parathyroid hormone levels (PTH > 1000 pg/ml). She underwent resection of the bone lesion; histological analysis showed a high-grade fibroblastic osteosarcoma. In addition, she underwent curative resection of a large left superior parathyroid adenoma. To our knowledge, this is the third reported clinical case of osteosarcoma arising in association with hyperparathyroidism.
Ethical dilemmas in context: Some preliminary questions

I have tried to build on O'Neill's thought-provoking paper by examining two influences that shape and define ethical dilemmas in the community: our personal agendas and the broader context. The first influence is the way in which our personal and professional values shape our agendas for community work. The way these agendas frame the choices for action are a force to be recognized separate from the question of who constitutes our community constituency. Our values may push us into proactive roles and we must face the way our actions make personal/political statements. The broader context of the community situation and the ways in which resource limitations frame the ethical question also need to be actively recognized. Otherwise there is a danger of making the psychologist the victim by posing the ethical dilemma as a question of how they alone should find a solution.
Performance of the LiF-TEA ring imaging Cherenkov detector at CLEO

Abstract We describe the particle identification capability of the CLEO RICH system. This system consists of a 1 cm thick LiF radiator coupled to a photon detector that uses wire proportional chambers filled with a mixture of CH 4 and TEA. We discuss the yield of photoelectrons observed per ring and the angular resolution. We show the efficiencies achieved for particle identification and the associated fake rates from data collected with both CLEO III and CLEO-c detectors. Finally, we show examples of the particle separation ability which is excellent for both CLEO III and CLEO-c data.
A Thread Merging Transformation to Improve Throughput of Multiple Programs

Threads usually do not use all available resource son a processor at the same time. For example, some program regions are dominated by memory access instructions while leaving computing units idling, or on the contrary are busy calculating but not using memory I/O. This observation points to an optimization opportunity that if the overall system throughput is the goal, one thread can "piggyback" on another thread without significantly hurting the other thread's performance if the first thread only uses CPU resources that are not heavily used by the other. Clearly the "piggybacking" opportunities are an instruction-level mechanism and OS-level resource management cannot efficiently leverage them. In this paper we propose a new compiler transformation that merges two or multiple program sat instruction level to take advantage of the resource piggybacking opportunities. In particular, we propose program profiling techniques to identify good merging candidates and develop transformation to merge the programs while maintain their original semantics. We evaluated our approach on synthesized benchmarks and 3 NPB benchmarks. In one case, we achieve50% speedup over running the pre-merged benchmarks serially, or 30% speedup over running them in parallel and letting OSmanage their execution.
An Evaluation of the Mathematics-Methods Program Involving the Study of Teaching Characteristics and Pupil Achievement in Mathematics.

0 ne element that should accompany the development of teacher education programs-and one that is often neglected (Elam, 1971)-is that of program assessment. Several techniques used in recent years have improved the quality of research in teacher education (Peck & Tucker, 1973) and can be applied to program evaluation. In particular, the use of observation instruments or some adaptation of the microteaching technique have helped educators to focus more clearly on and to delineate more carefully components of teacher/pupil behavior in the interactive setting. An increasing number of process-product studies (which relate teacher characteristics to pupil achievement) have been noted (Rosenshine & Furst, 1973). Further, at the 1973 symposium of the American Educational Research Association, Popham described a teaching "performance test" paradigm that assesses teacher competency in terms of pupil achievement. In Popham's model, teachers are given a set of instructional objectives, prepare and teach a minilesson to a small group of students in an effort to meet those objectives, and are subsequently evaluated in terms of the amount of learner growth they are able to effect. Since Popham's paradigm provides an assessment of teacher competency to meet prespecified objectives, the assessment simultaneously validates the program that set out to promote such teacher capabilities. Popham's paradigm, however, concentrates only on product or outcome measures of teaching. Teacher educators also have an interest in process or teaching behaviors that are influenced by their program experiences. Therefore, a slight modification of Popham's design, one which permits the study of specific teacher variables as well, is desirable. The use of videotape to record the teaching performance test, for example, makes possible the subsequent analysis of specific teaching variables and their relation to pupil learning without distorting Popham's basic paradigm. The purpose of the present study was to explore a technique for evaluating teacher education programs in terms of teaching competencies and, in particular, to explore that technique as applied to the Indiana University
Structure of Mediator of RhoA-Dependent Invasion (MRDI) Explains Its Dual Function as a Metabolic Enzyme and a Mediator of Cell Invasion.

Metastatic melanoma is among the most intractable cancers to treat; patients show resistance to therapy and limited survival time. A critical step in the development of metastatic melanoma is the acquisition of invasion and transition from thin to thick tumors on the skin, followed by invasion to lymph nodes. Prior studies have shown that metastatic melanoma is associated with dysregulation of RhoA and enhanced expression of a protein named "mediator of RhoA-dependent invasion (MRDI)". Importantly, MRDI is a "moonlighting" enzyme, with two distinct functions in melanoma cells. First, MRDI acts as a methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) isomerase, catalyzing a critical step in methionine salvage. Second, MRDI promotes and is necessary for melanoma cell invasion, independent of its catalytic activity. This paper demonstrates that MtnA, a bacterial MTR-1-P isomerase, rescues the methionine salvage function of MRDI, but is unable to rescue its role in invasion. The crystal structure of MRDI was solved to a resolution of 2.5 A to identify structural elements important for its invasion activity. This structure and its comparison with other MTR-1-P isomerases are presented, and mutations within a region separate from the MTR-1-P binding site, which interfere with invasion, are identified. Thus, structural elements in MRDI distal from the MTR-1-P catalytic site are responsible for the invasion phenotype.
Association of the Iγ and Iδ Charge Movement with Calcium Release in Frog Skeletal Muscle

Charge movement and calcium transient were measured simultaneously in stretched frog cut twitch fibers under voltage clamp, with the internal solution containing 20 mM EGTA plus added calcium and antipyrylazo III. When the nominal free [Ca2+]i was 10 nM, the shape of the broad I(gamma) hump in the ON segments of charge movement traces remained invariant when the calcium release rate was greatly diminished. When the nominal free [Ca2+]i was 50 nM, which was close to the physiological level, the I(gamma) humps were accelerated and a slow calcium-dependent I(delta) component (or state) was generated. The peak of ON I(delta) synchronized perfectly with the peak of the calcium release rate whereas the slow decay of ON I(delta) followed the same time course as the decay of calcium release rate. Suppression of calcium release by TMB-8 reduced the amount of Q(delta) concomitantly but not completely, and the effects were partially reversible. The same simultaneous suppression effects were achieved by depleting the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium store with repetitive stimulation. The results suggest that the mobility of Q(delta) needs to be primed by a physiological level of resting myoplasmic Ca2+. Once the priming is completed, more I(delta) is mobilized by the released Ca2+ during depolarization.
Synthesis of the isomeric 3β-acetoxy-20-chloro-5α-pregnanes

Abstract The treatment of 3β-acetoxy-5α-pregnan-20α-ol (I) with halogenating agents, such as thionyl chloride and phosphorus chloride, affords the isomeric 3β-acetoxy-20α-and 20β-chloro-5α-pregnanes (III, IV) whereas 3β-acetoxy-5α-pregnan-20β-ol (II) yields the D-homo compounds.
Clarissa: An Abridged Version (Review)

How does access to this work benefit you? Let us know! Publisher's Statement This review was originally published in The Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats, Volume 45, Issue 2, Spring 2013, pages 251-253. The original review can be accessed here: http://muse.jhu.edu/ login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/the_scriblerian_and_the_kit-cats/v045/ 45.2.carnell.html . Follow this and additional works at: http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cleng_facpub Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons
A Linear Variational System for Modelling From Curves

We present a linear system for modelling 3D surfaces from curves. Our system offers better performance, stability and precision in control than previous non-linear systems. By exploring the direct relationship between a standard higher-order Laplacian editing framework and Hermite spline curves, we introduce a new form of Cauchy constraint that makes our system easy to both implement and control. We introduce novel workflows that simplify the construction of 3D models from sketches. We show how to convert existing 3D meshes into our curve-based representation for subsequent editing and modelling, allowing our technique to be applied to a wide range of existing 3D content.
MU MESON AS NUCLEAR PROBE PARTICLE

The gamma ray ("Chang radiation") given out in the transition of a meson to the $1s$ ground state from a $2p$ orbit around a heavy nucleus of nonzero quadrupole moment is concluded to consist of several components of appreciable separation. Measurements of their energies should give information on (1) nuclear radius, (2) nuclear quadrupole moments, (3) the magnetic moment of the meson, (4) the nonuniformity of the nuclear charge distribution, and (5) nuclear polarizability and compressibility.
Coupling of Waveguide and Resonator by Inductive and Capacitive Irises for EPR Spectroscopy

An analytic circuit model for slot coupling from a waveguide to a loop-gap resonator (LGR) in a context of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is presented. The physical dimensions of the waveguide, iris, LGR, and aqueous sample are transformed into circuit values of inductance, capacitance, and resistance. These values are used in a solution of circuit equations that results in a prediction of the radio frequency (rf) currents, magnitude and phase, frequency, and magnetic and electric stored energies near the critical coupling. The circuit geometry reflects magnetic flux conservation between the iris and LGR as well as modification of the outer loop LGR currents by the iris. Unlike conventional models, coupling is not explicitly based on a mutual inductance between the iris and LGR. Instead, the conducting wall high-frequency rf boundary condition is used to define surface currents, regions, and circuit topology with lumped-circuit values of self-inductance, capacitance, and resistance. Match is produced by a combination of self-inductive and capacitive circuit coupling. Two conditions must be met to achieve match. First, the equivalent resistance of the LGR as seen by the iris must be transformed into the waveguide characteristic impedance. This transformation is met at a particular frequency relative to the natural LGR resonance frequency. The frequency shift magnitude is largely determined by the LGR properties, weakly dependent on the iris length and placement, and independent of other iris dimensions. The second condition for match is that the iris reactance at this frequency shift must cancel the residual reactance of the LGR. This second condition is sensitive to the iris dimensions. If both conditions are not simultaneously satisfied, overcoupling or undercoupling results. A slotted iris with a length equal to the size of the large dimension of the waveguide is found to have many properties opposite to a conventional iris with shorter length. Notably, the magnetic field near the iris tends to reinforce rather than oppose the magnetic field in the resonator. The long iris improves the LGR EPR performance by providing increased rf magnetic field homogeneity at the sample, higher signal, and reduced total frequency shift since the shifts due to sample and iris tend to cancel. Investigations reveal that the first match condition can be adjusted by LGR dimensional changes and such adjustment can eliminate the frequency shift. Results are consistent with Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (Version 10.1, Ansoft Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA) simulations and can be extended to cavity resonators.
Investigation of Dow Cyclotene 4026 surface amination by downstream plasma treatment

Dow Cyclotene 4026 surfaces were treated by downstream ammonia cold plasma with and without argon plasma pretreatments. The modified polymer surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A 2 fractional factorial design was developed to identify the optimal processing parameters. Further experimental investigation has also been conducted to optimize the operating conditions. The combined results show that the extent of surface amination of Cyclotene grows with increase of power, pressure, and temperature of ammonia plasma treatments both with and without argon plasma pretreatments. For the treatment time effect, the results indicate that N/C (nitrogen/carbon) ratios increase with time and then start to slightly decrease at the ∼4-min point, which may be tentatively explained by a competition between the modification process and the degradation process on the polymer surfaces. AFM results suggest that the upper limit of the operating condition to obtain a desirable surface topography is 175°C. Based on all the results from Design of Experiment, experimental data, and AFM analysis, the optimum processing parameters have been suggested. Finally, the aging effect of aminated surfaces is discussed; further investigation of this effect is still underway. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2418–2427, 2005
GPS measurements in the Caribbean

In June 1986 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL, in Pasadena, Calif.) organized and carried out a series of long-baseline geodetic measurements using Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to measure plate motion between the North American and Caribbean plates. The GPS technique uses radio signals from a group of navigation satellites placed in orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. The system is currently capable of measuring baselines of a few hundred kilometers' length within an accuracy of a few centimeters, and further improvements are expected.
Identification of chicken embryo kinase 5, a developmentally regulated receptor-type tyrosine kinase of the Eph family.

Abstract Chicken embryo kinase 5 (Cek5) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase of the Eph family that was identified by screening a 10-d chicken embryo cDNA expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. The extracellular region of Cek5 contains a cysteine rich N-terminal subdomain and a C-terminal subdomain mostly devoid of cysteines and comprising two repeats similar to fibronectin type III repeats. Immunoblotting experiments with anti-Cek5 polyclonal antibodies indicated that Cek5 is a membrane-associated 120-kDa protein containing intramolecular (but not intermolecular) disulfide bonds. Cek5 is already expressed in 2-d-old chicken embryos and is also expressed, at higher levels, later in development. In 10-d-old chicken embryos, Cek5 is expressed at substantial levels in nearly all the tissues examined, whereas in adult it is expressed predominantly in the brain. The expression of Cek5 in the brain gradually diminishes during embryonic development, whereas in the skeletal muscle of the thigh a sharp decrease in Cek5 expression was detected at the time of terminal muscle differentiation. Its wide tissue distribution throughout development and its sustained expression in adult brain suggest that Cek5 is an important component of signal transduction pathways, likely to interact with a widely distributed and important ligand, which is as yet unknown.
Aligning ligand binding cavities by optimizing superposed volume

We describe an optimization-based method that seeks the superposition of ligand binding cavities that maximizes their overlapping volume. Our method, called DFO-VASP, iteratively uses Boolean set operations to evaluate overlapping volume in intermediate superpositions while searching for the maximal one. Our results verify that the superpositions identified are biologically relevant, and demonstrate that DFO-VASP generally discovers cavity superpositions with similar or occasionally larger overlapping volume than those of superpositions generated with existing means.
Toward high surface area TiO2 brookite with morphology control

TiO2 materials have many practical applications due to their intrinsic physico-chemical properties. Research activities on the properties of TiO2 brookite have been restrained by the difficulty of preparing such a phase. Here, we report on the synthesis of TiO2 brookite prepared by thermal decomposition of a titanium oxalate hydrate compound. Since the characteristics of the prepared TiO2 brookite are dictated by those of the precursor, the present work aims to understand the aqueous precipitation process of the oxalate hydrate phase. It was shown that the formation of the phase occurred via different steps that are affected by the synthesis conditions, i.e. the oxalate source and the duration time. At first, in agreement with the Ostwald's rule of stages, the formation of the oxalate phase implied a metastable intermediate that is a poorly crystallized TiO2 phase. The pH of the solution was shown to impact on the kinetic of transformation of this intermediate toward the final compound. In the presence of alkali ions, the oxalate phase was shown to undergo a dissolution/etching phenomenon that is dependent on the nature of the alkali ion used. The apparent difference in adsorption ability of the alkali ions on the different crystal planes of the titanium oxalate hydrate phase accounted for the variety of the obtained morphologies. Finally, it was suggested that the reaction was promoted by a coordination-assisted mechanism involving the complexing properties of the oxalate anions toward Ti4+ ions. The obtained TiO2 brookite materials exhibit unreached high specific surface area lying between 150 and 400 m2 g−1 while displaying high packing density around 1–1.2 g cm−3. The lithium insertion ability of the prepared material depends on the calcination temperature. Increasing the temperature led to a decrease of the lithium uptake properties but was shown to improve the kinetics of lithium insertion. This was due to an increase of the pore radius size that enabled a faster lithium diffusion transport to be achieved under high current density conditions.
Hum-controlled electric wheelchair

The authors described in an earlier paper a versatile electronic control system for wheelchairs. This paper describes a plug-in conversion to the original controller so that high-level quadriplegics (c4 and above) can completely control a wheelchair by humming four notes of the musical scale. Forward-stop-reverse, right-turn and left-turn functions are provided through the use of tone decoders. The control system is designed so that the frequencies to which it respons are easily adjustable to match users' vocal characteristics.
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after epicardial patch electrode placement

There are many known complications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement. We treated a patient in whom a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm developed secondary to epicardial patch electrode placement and cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. The presenting symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and surgical repair are described.
Doping: Just Do It?

This paper provides a new philosophical argument against the lifting of the ban on doping in sports. It makes several assumptions for the sake of argument, one of which is, ironically, the moral justification of the lifting of the ban on sports doping. It is, then, a reductio ad absurdum against the claim that said ban should be lifted. Following this is a preliminary discussion concerning how doping athletes ought to be punished given that there ought to be a ban on doping due to the implausibility of the position to lift said ban. Considerations from responsibility and punishment theories are brought to bear in order to discern which punishments are most fitting for those athletes caught doping in designated clean sports competitions.
Excess free energy approach to the estimation of solubility in mixed solvent systems I: Theory

An approach is developed by which the solubility of an organic compound in mixed solvents may be estimated. In this approach, an expression for the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing for multicomponent solvent systems was used to obtain parameters characteristic of the interaction between the solvents. A fairly simple equation which predicts the solubility of a solute in a binary solvent system over the entire solvent composition range was then derived. The equation may be partitioned into terms that contain (a) pure solvent solubilities, (b) solvent-solvent interaction contributions, and (c) contributions from the solute-mixed solvent interactions. The required data are the molar volume of the solute, the pure solvent solubilities, and, theoretically, one experimentally determined solubility in a solvent mixture. The equation can be easily extended for systems with three or more solvents.
Modeling and Comparison of Bimorph Power Harvesters with Piezoelectric Elements Connected in Parallel and Series

Power harvesting devices are designed to convert the ambient energy surrounding a system to usable electric energy. The strong desire to create self-powered systems, which do not rely on traditiona...
Electroplating of Thin Films of Bismuth onto Type 4340 Steel and Alloy 718 to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement

Abstract Polarization and permeation experiments showed that a thin layer of electroplated bismuth (1 μm to 2 μm) inhibited the evolution and penetration of hydrogen through nickel-chromium alloy 718 (UNS N07718) and type 4340 (UNS G43400) steel. Inhibition effects were due to the kinetic limitations of the hydrogen discharge reaction and to the suppression of hydrogen adsorption on the deposited layers. The hydrogen evolution reactions on alloy 718 and type 4340 steel were inhibited by 28% and 85%, respectively. The hydrogen permeation rates through these alloys were reduced by 76% and 65%, respectively.
Adult acquired flat foot deformity

Treatments for the adult acquired flat foot deformity (AAFD) continue to evolve and challenge us. Current conservative and surgical treatment options are quite variable, with little consensus on the most effective intervention. In this issue of Foot and Ankle Clinics we have tried to give the treating practitioner an update of AAFD along with the countless options of treatments available. Authors put forward different opinions on their treatment preferences, and thus mirror the current literature. A thorough biomechanical review and a review of the physical exam and imaging modalities are provided. Discussions of the classification system, controversies of treatment, and treatment failures are detailed. New insights on conservative management are provided. Surgical procedures close out this issue, including tendon procedures, osteotomies, and arthrodeses. I would like to thank all of the authors for their generous contributions. Their work provides us with a stirring anthology of opinions and current trends in the treatment of AAFD.
Early aortic repair worsens concurrent traumatic brain injury.

Background Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are the leading causes of death after blunt trauma, and TBI is common among patients with BTAI. Although aspects of aortic management, such as repair timing and procedural anticoagulation therapy, may complicate TBI, the optimal management of these patients is undefined. Methods Adults with BTAI and moderate to severe TBI admitted to a level I trauma center over 12 years were retrospectively analyzed; patients presenting in extremis were excluded. The primary outcome was neurologic progression within 48 hours of aortic repair. Patients undergoing nonoperative aortic management served as controls for baseline TBI progression. Secondary outcomes were aortic morbidity and mortality and overall inpatient survival. Results Of 309 patients with BTAI, 138 had concurrent TBI, and 75 were included for analysis. Twenty-two (29%) were treated nonoperatively, 29 (39%) had early aortic repair (17 open, 12 endovascular), and 24 (32%) had delayed repair (3 open, 21 endovascular). The severity of TBI was similar between groups. Early aortic repair within 24 hours of admission was independently associated with worsening TBI, regardless of repair modality or anticoagulation use. In contrast, patients undergoing delayed repair had no perioperative neurologic progression despite procedural anticoagulation therapy. Early aortic repair was also associated with increased aortic morbidity and mortality. Conclusions For patients with BTAI and TBI, early aortic intervention is associated with progressive TBI regardless of repair modality, as well as increased aortic morbidity and mortality. Patients not requiring emergent intervention can undergo delayed repair with full anticoagulation therapy.
Interferons and MicroRNAs

Plants rely heavily on an adaptive RNA degradation system mediated by an RNA interference mechanism to combat viral infection, whereas mammals fight infection with specific antibodies and lymphocytes that are adapted to specific viral antigens, and also employ nonadaptive defenses, such as production of interferons (IFNs) that block viral replication and stimulate the host immune response. Therefore, the IFN system represents an integral part of the mammalian antiviral innate immunity, and it is not surprising to find that cellular, IFN-regulated microRNAs contribute to this antiviral defense. In contrast, virus-encoded microRNAs target host cell factors that are either required for the induction of IFNs after pathogen recognition, or are involved in the cellular responses to these pleiotropic cytokines.
Modeling of multilayer drying of polymer films

A model was developed to predict the drying behavior of multilayer polymer films on inert substrates. The model considers simultaneous heat and mass transfer controlled by complex thermodynamic and transport properties of polymer solutions. Key components of the model are the incorporation of the free volume theory to predict diffusivities in each polymer layer, the use of heat and mass transfer coefficients to describe complex transport phenomena in the gas phase, the incorporation of exact equilibrium boundary conditions at polymer–polymer interface, and the use of the Flory–Huggins theory to describe both liquid–liquid and vapor–liquid equilibria. The model can be applied to guide processing, product formulation, scale-up, and oven design. As an example, the model is applied to simulate the drying of a two-layer coating of poly vinyl acetate (in toluene) over polystyrene (also in toluene) on a polyester substrate. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1665–1675, 1999
The rates of abnormal glucose challenge tests and gestational diabetes in women receiving 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.

We compared the rates of abnormal 1-hour glucose challenge tests (GCT) and gestational diabetes (GDM) between women receiving 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-P) and women who did not receive 17-P to determine if the effect varies based on the number of doses received or in a group of high-risk obese women. We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study where women with a history of a previous preterm delivery in the antecedent pregnancy followed at a high-risk clinic were offered 17-P. GCT was performed after the initiation of 17-P, and doses given prior to testing were recorded. Rates of abnormal GCT and GDM were compared between those receiving 17-P ( N = 67) and controls ( N = 140). Mean glucose values (112.4 versus 111.3, P = 0.8), rate of abnormal GCT (23.9% versus 20%, adjusted odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 3.0), and rate of GDM (6% versus 8.6%, adjusted odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 4.5) were similar between groups. In this prospective study, 17-P administration to women at risk of recurrent preterm delivery did not significantly affect glucose tolerance.
Diphenylamine : an unusual antioxidant

Diphenylamine (DPA) has been utilized as an antioxidant in studies of lipid peroxidation. Using peroxidizing red blood cell (RBC) membranes, we find that DPA actually promotes lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation and oxygen consumption while markedly inhibiting generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). As a consequence, DPA increases the prelytic RBC K leak that results from peroxidative stress and potentiates a known nonprelytic but LOOH-dependent K leak pathway in RBC. In contrast, DPA abolishes formation of cyclooxygenase-dependent conversion products of arachidonate. DPA is almost as efficient as BHT in inhibiting peroxyl radical mediated destruction of phycoerythrin fluorescence. Study of DPA analogues shows that the antioxidant effect of DPA lies in its secondary amine function. Presumably, this results in intermediate formation of a nitrogen-based radical so that redox cycling of this aromatic amine stimulates further peroxidation. This dramatically illustrates the hazard of relying solely on TBARS measurements for assessment of peroxidation.
Effects of prescribed fire on moist-soil vegetation and soil macronutrients

Plant succession and various environmental conditions can decrease productivity of wetlands managed intensively for wildlife. Although prescribed fire frequently is used to alter plant composition and structure in semipermanent wetlands, the impacts of fire on species composition and production of seed in moist-soil impoundments have not been quantified. Therefore, I compared species composition, seed production, and soil macronutrient concentrations at the end of the growing season on unburned control sites (n=3) and sites burned in spring (n=3) and summer (n=3) in southeast Missouri. Sites burned in spring contained a greater (P≤0.05) percent cover of beggarticks (Bidens spp. [31.4±4.7%]) and ricecut grass (Leersia oryzoides [50.3±7.0%]) than control and summer-burned sites. The percent cover of marsh elder (Iva ciliata) was reduced (P 0.05) among control sites and sites burned in spring and summer. In general, burning in spring improved habitat and food conditions for waterfowl, whereas burning in summer reduced the prevalence of both desirable and undesirable vegetation and created habitat conditions that favored shorebirds.
NON‐PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF THE SILL IN GEOSTATISTICS

A non-parametric method of estimating the variance (sill in geostatistics) of spatial random variables of second-order stationary processes is described. The estimator is the sum of the estimated parameters from a least squares fit of a linear combination of valid semivariograms to a sample semivariogram with the constraint that all parameters be non-negative. Initially, the estimates tended to be biased and highly variable. A simple penalized fitting routine is described that yields less biased estimates with smaller variance. The method is compared with variance estimates determined from non-linear fits of three parametric semivariogram models to sample semivariograms computed from simulated random fields.
POROUS PRESSURE-SENSITIVE PAINT FOR MEASUREMENT OF UNSTEADY PRESSURES IN TURBOMACHINERY

This work details the development and application of porous pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) for measuring unsteady surface pressures in turbomachinery. The advantages of porous PSP over conventional methods include global pressure measurement, fast response time, and instrumentation of thin turbomachinery components that are otherwise difficult or impossible to instrument. In this paper, the development, calibration, and application of porous PSP to turbomachinery are discussed. Porous PSP formulations were developed to ensure fast response times and good adhesion characteristics to rotating parts. Experimental methods such as phase-locking and image registration were developed to acquire quality data. Dynamic response calibrations of PSP with a fluidic oscillator were performed, indicating that porous PSP formulations have a response time of up to 40 kHz. For a turbomachinery application, the inlet wall and impeller blades of a turbocharger compressor were painted with fast-responding polymer/ceramic PSP. The turbocharger was operated at 100,000 rpm, corresponding to a blade-passage frequency (BPF) of 10 kHz. Even at this high speed and BPF, porous PSP was able to resolve the unsteady wall pressure distributions about the blade. In addition, a flow blockage was created to induce an inlet flow distortion on the compressor. Porous PSP was able to resolve the 1.67 kHz unsteady blade loading. Potential applications of porous PSP to unsteady turbomachinery testing include evaluations of rotor/stator interaction, flutter, inlet flow distortion, rotating stall, and surge.
Fiber Displacement Sensors For Metrology And Control

Optical fiber sensors are of great and increasing interest for the measurement of physical parameters such as acoustic and electro-magnetic fields. The germane fiber properties, namely, ruggedness, small size, and dielectric construction, are, however, equally desirable for industrial and laboratory mechanical metrology. This review contains a classification of the types of metrological sensors possible with fibers, including applications to measurement of submicroscopic to kilometer dimensions.