cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organizational factors related to AIDS/HIV education in outpatient substance abuse treatment units.

Abstract The association of HIV and AIDS with intravenous drug use is well documented. Given this, substance abuse treatment providers must figure prominently in any effective national response to HIV/AIDS. The strategies employed by human service managers to address AIDS may be important in explaining how substance abuse treatment units implement policies and programs concerning AIDS-related prevention services. This paper utilizes data from the National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey to examine how strategic activities concerning AIDS/HIV undertaken by outpatient substance abuse treatment unit managers impacted the provision of preventive AIDS-related services to clients. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate collaboration with other human service organizations and environmental scanning activities are important variables in explaining variation among substance abuse treatment units in the provision of AIDS prevention education to clients. Based on these findings, implications for future ...
Char combustion in the freeboard above a fluidized bed burning a high volatile bituminous coal

Rates of coal char oxidation were measured in the freeboard of an atmospheric pressure fluidized bed combustor burning Kentucky No. 9 high volatile bituminous coal. The progress of the O 2 -char reaction in the freeboard was determined from measurements of the oxygen concentrations at different heights. The reaction rates were in good agreement with the expression of Sergeant and Smith [Fuel 52, 52 (1973)], except at low temperature (960 K) in the presence of excess lime. The net change in oxygen concentration indicated that about 50% of the ASTM fixed carbon feed was consumed in the freeboard. The cyclone catch and gas composition at the freeboard outlet showed that 10 to 40% of the fixed carbon was lost by elutriation. These observations implied that an unexpectedly small fraction of the fixed carbon feed burned in the bed. Oxygen profiles in the freeboard were calculated using the rate expression of Sergeant and Smith under the assumption that devolatilization, fragmentation, attrition, and volatiles combustion were limited to the bed, and that combustion of the resulting fine char occurred only in the freeboard. This model predicted O 2 at the freeboard outlet within 60% of the measured values, except in the low temperature/excess lime case.
Unequal potency of transgenic yeast hexokinase on pancreatic beta cell metabolism and secretion.

Recent reports have proposed that sequence specific interactions between glucokinase and other beta cell proteins are important to glucokinase regulation of beta cell activity. We have previously reported enhancement of beta cell function by a transgenic hexokinase derived from yeast which has only 30% amino acid sequence homology to glucokinase. To test the functional significance of the amino acid sequence of islet glucokinase we have made a quantitative study of the effect of yeast hexokinase on beta cell glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Transgenic and normal islets were assayed for hexokinase activity, glucose usage and insulin secretion. Most parameters were measured at six glucose concentrations between 0.5 and 20 mM glucose. Transgenic islet hexokinase activity measured in islet extracts exceeded normal islet hexokinase activity by 31 to 77 percent at different glucose concentrations. At all glucose concentrations tested the percentage increase in transgenic glucose metabolism greatly exce...
Cost minimizing positions, lengths and headways for parallel public transit lines having different speeds

Abstract In this paper, a model of a transit system is built in order to find for parallel lines in a rectangular city the lengths, positions, and headways which minimize user (travel time) and operating costs in response to a general population density function and differing line speeds. It is found that, at some point, low speed lines should be cut off, this point depending upon the relative positions, headways and speeds of adjacent lines. Further, it is found that the optimum position depends upon the tributary population and the changes in operating costs due to changes in line position. The optimum headway depends upon the tributary population, the operating cost and the change in operating cost due to changes in headway. Simplifying the problem by assuming a uniform population density, it is found that the optimum headway depends upon the average headway and the deviations of the reciprocal speed from the average reciprocal speed. Furthermore, if the fleet size is constrained, the optimum headway depends not only on these, but also on the variance of the headway and the covariance of the headway and reciprocal speed among the lines.
Patients' Attitudes Toward a Therapeutic Writing Group for Veterans with PTSD

Abstract Writing about stressors has helped many nonclinical groups, but implementation with clinical groups has been less consistently successful. The introduction of a written exposure therapy component into an existing residential PTSD treatment program is described. Facilitative strategies and obstacles are discussed. Initial receptivity varied widely across patients, ranging from interested engagement to refusal. Protocol adjustments were followed by increased acceptance. Patient ratings of the value of the intervention increased from pre — to post-treatment. Perceived intervention value was unrelated to education, PTSD severity, concerns about writing, and prior writing experience, but was correlated with intent to continue writing in the future.
Nuclear magnetic resonance.

Excerpt Some of the newer technologic methods for imaging the structures of the body developed rapidly after World War II as a consequence of scientific efforts in the war: Gamma-ray imaging follow...
Effects of angiotensin II blockade by saralasin in normal man.

To evaluate the role of angiotensin II in normal man, sar1-ala8-angiotensin II (saralasin), a specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II, was given by graded iv infusion (1–20 μg/kg/min over 1 h) to 6 healthy young volunteers. Significant ngiotensin II-dependence of blood pressure was found only after the combined stimulus of sodium restriction (10 mEq daily for 4 days) and ambulation. Systolic blood pressure fell during saralasin infusion from 106.2 ± 2.0 to 95.8 ± 2.9 mm (P < .05). At the same time, plasma renin activity rose strikingly from 3.3 ± 0.6 to 21.6 ± 8.5 ng/ml/h, and then fell to 9.3 ± 4.9 over the post-infusion hour despite continued ambulation. Peak plasma renin activity correlated well with the simultaneous fall in blood pressure (r = .91; P < .01), suggesting a compensatory response to the vascular effects of angiotensin blockade. On an ad lib. diet, saralasin infusion had no consistent effect on plasma renin activity serum potassium, or blood pressure, but in supine volunteers plas...
Attributes of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Redds in a Tributary of the Snake River, Idaho

Abstract We characterized spawning sites of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri, described the microhabitat of completed redds, and tested the influence of habitat conditions on the morphology of completed redds in Pine Creek, Idaho. Cutthroat trout spawned in June as flows subsided after peak stream discharge. During spawning, minimum and maximum water temperatures ranged 4–9°C and 16–20°C, respectively. Trout spawned where water depths averaged 20 cm beside redds and 22 cm upstream of redds. Water velocities averaged 42 cm/s beside redds and 46 cm/s upstream of redds. More than 80% of the redds were constructed in water 10–30 cm deep with velocities of 25–60 cm/s. Trout spawned in gravel with particles up to 100 mm in diameter. Most of the substrate was smaller than 32 mm; an average of 20% was less than 6.35 mm and 5% was less than 0.85 mm. The geometric mean particle size of the spawning gravel averaged 16.6 mm and the fredle index averaged 8. Microhabitat conditions differed with...
Metabolic effects of glyphosate change the capacity of maize culture to regenerate plants

Since the presence of glyphosate in maize tissue cultures of proprietary line L2 was very detrimental to plant regeneration, we determined metabolic changes associated with the glyphosate effects on plant regeneration in maize cultures. The polar fraction composition and soluble and cell-wall-bound phenolics were analyzed in the regenerable (R) and non-regenerable (NR) calluses of maize line L2. The tissues with high regeneration capacity had low sugar and 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations and increased concentrations of most amino acids, polyamines and indole-3-butenol in the soluble polar fraction and higher ferulic acid/coumaric acid and ferulic acid/diferulic acid ratios and higher levels of the predominant G (guaiacyl) units in the cell wall fraction compared with NR calluses as was found before with H99 and HiII maize R and NR tissues, indicating an association of these metabolites with the capacity of maize cultured tissue to regenerate plants. We also found that di-coumaroyl spermidine and coumaroyl-feruoyl spermidine are present in the soluble fraction of L2 R tissues and are practically absent in NR tissues. However, we did not see such differences in HiII and H99 samples, which indicate that these are genotypic features not related to the capacity to regenerate plants in maize tissue cultures. Glyphosate treatment caused the accumulation of shikimic and quinic acids (not detected in untreated samples) in R and NR calluses (with higher levels found in R tissues) and also decreased the FA/diFA ratio in cell wall phenolics, polyamine and amino acid levels, and increased sugar concentrations in the R L2 tissues, indicating a metabolic shift of R callus to NR tissues.
Effects of Stress, Coping Style, and Confidence on Basic Combat:

Each year the military loses hundreds of millions of dollars invested in enlistees whom never make it to their first duty station. Investigators have reported that the transition process from civilian to military in basic combat training tends to be very stressful and anxiety provoking for enlistees. However, little data have been gathered to assess the relationship of enlistees' stress levels and their attrition rate. A study was conducted of 155 Soldiers during their nine-week basic combat training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. It was hypothesized that enlistees with higher levels of stress would also have a higher level of depression and hostility resulting in performance degradation. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship among perceived stress, hostility and depression levels; furthermore, participants who were able to modify their coping mechanism tended to be more confident in successfully completing training and less likely to receive disciplinary action. Language: en
Does Typography of Substance Abuse and Dependence Differ as a Function of Exposure to Child Maltreatment

We investigated the link between child maltreatment, including child sexual assault (CSA) and child physical assault (CPA), and addiction-related symptomatology in a subsample of adolescents from the National Survey of Adolescents, all of whom met DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse or dependence (n=281). Over 60% of the sample reported a history of CSA and/or CPA. Results indicated significant differences in typography of substance abuse and dependence symptoms and rates of comorbid lifetime PTSD based on assault history, specific assault incident characteristics, and sex. Clinical implications for substance abusing youth with maltreatment histories are discussed.
Insiders and outsiders in the films of Nicolas Roeg 1

(1978). Insiders and outsiders in the films of Nicolas Roeg. Quarterly Review of Film Studies: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 317-343.
Location of 0+ 4p-2h and 6p-4h configurations in 42Ca

Abstract The 38 Ar( 6 Li, d) 42 Ca reaction identifies a 0 + state at E x = 3.30 MeV, with a major fraction of the 4p-2h strength. Relative α-strengths of other 0 + states are comparable to relative (t, p) strengths.
Consumer Behavior: Some Thoughts on Sheth's Evaluation of the Discipline:

A paper by Sheth in the Fall 1979 issue of this journal assessed the status of the consumer behavior discipline. Various recommendations on future directions were also presented with that evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to comment on a number of issues raised by Sheth's review. Additional thoughts on the future of the discipline are also offered.
Chronic delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration and schedule-induced aggression.

The effects of 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) on key-pecking maintained by a response—initiated fixed interval (FI) schedule of food presentation and schedule-induced aggression in the pigeon were studied. Initially, following the administration of Δ9-THC both the rate of key-pecking and attack responding were markedly reduced. Over sessions, tolerance developed to the suppressant effect on key-pecking, with the rate returning to the predrug level. The suppressing effect of Δ9-THC on the rate of attack remained at or near zero throughout the series of Δ9-THC injections.
Mitosis in the freshwater red algaBatrachospermum ectocarpum

Mitotic ultrastructure was observed in meristematic cells of carposporophyte generations of the freshwater red algaBatrachospermum ectocarpum. Prior to nuclear division, cell elongation occurs resulting in the nucleus being located at the proximal end of the cell and separated by a large central vacuole from a distal “empty region” which the daughter nucleus eventually occupies. In late prophase, nuclear envelope-attached polar rings are situated adjacent to shallow nuclear invaginations. At prometaphase the nuclear invaginations extend deeply into the nucleus forming continuous cytoplasmic channels containing microtubules. Perinuclear ER and a typical equatorial chromosomal plate are formed by metaphase at which time the nuclear envelope lining the cytoplasmic channels has dispersed. Chromosomal and non-chromosomal microtubules converge at the poles where a single, large gap is seen in the otherwise intact nuclear envelope. Polar rings were not detected in the few mitotic cells observed beyond prometaphase but are thought to be present. During anaphase an interzonal midpiece is formed and the distal-most incipient daughter nucleus moves laterally past the central vacuole into the apical “empty region”. Features of mitosis inBatrachospermum are believed to be intermediate between those exhibited by the lower and higher orders of red algae, this being consistent with the taxonomic placement of the genus in theNemaliales, the least advanced order of the classFlorideophyceae.
Categorization as a Function of Body Type

Research has revealed that obese or overweight individuals have been consistently devalued The current research was designed to determine the extent to which this devaluation of obese and overweigh...
Mass Balance Modeling of Heavy Metals in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron

Abstract During the period 1976-1978, a study of hazardous materials in Saginaw Bay was conducted. This study included the fate and distribution of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the bay. A spatially segmented, dynamic mass balance model was developed to describe concentrations of metals and suspended solids in the water column and in the sediments. A wind-driven resuspension mechanism was used to describe the sediment-water interactions. The distribution of metals in the water column was determined by equilibrium partitioning between the ambient suspended solids and the dissolved phase. Model output was calibrated to field data for the principal variables. Independent validation was obtained by comparing partition coefficients from the calibration to those calculated directly from the field observations. It was found that suspended solids were important in controlling the water column concentrations of the metals. The degree of control was a function of the partition coefficient between the metal and the solids, and the concentration of the solids. Adsorption of the metals to the solids was found to result in decreases to metals concentrations due to net sedimentation, as well as increases due to wind-driven resuspension. On an annual average basis, the net flux of the particulate components of all four metals was from the water column to the sediments except for copper in 1977.
The nucleus is an intracellular propagator of tensile forces in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts

Nuclear positioning is a crucial cell function, but how a migrating cell positions its nucleus is not understood. Using traction-force microscopy, we found that the position of the nucleus in migrating fibroblasts closely coincided with the center point of the traction-force balance, called the point of maximum tension (PMT). Positioning of the nucleus close to the PMT required nucleus–cytoskeleton connections through linker of nucleoskeleton-to-cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. Although the nucleus briefly lagged behind the PMT following spontaneous detachment of the uropod during migration, the nucleus quickly repositioned to the PMT within a few minutes. Moreover, traction-generating spontaneous protrusions deformed the nearby nucleus surface to pull the nuclear centroid toward the new PMT, and subsequent retraction of these protrusions relaxed the nuclear deformation and restored the nucleus to its original position. We propose that the protruding or retracting cell boundary transmits a force to the surface of the nucleus through the intervening cytoskeletal network connected by the LINC complexes, and that these forces help to position the nucleus centrally and allow the nucleus to efficiently propagate traction forces across the length of the cell during migration.
Ideal tetrafunctional amphiphilic PEG/PDMS conetworks by a dual‐purpose extender/crosslinker. I. Synthesis

The synthesis of a new type of amphiphilic conetwork (APCN) consisting of well-defined hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segments is described. The conetwork is ideal (the lengths of each PEG and PDMS chain segments, respectively, are identical) and tetrafunctional (exactly four chains emanate from each crosslink site). The synthesis of the conetworks was achieved by the use of a novel dual-purpose extender/crosslinker Y (bis [(dimethylsilyl)oxy]-[(etoxydimethylsilyl)oxy]phenylsilane, (SiPh(SiH) 2 OEt)), in two steps: (1) Synthesis of a new linear random multiblock copolymer (MBC) (AY) n (BY) m , where A is the hydrophilic PEG and B is the hydrophobic segment, and (2) Crosslinking the multiblocks by catalytic condensation of the SiOEt groups in the Y units. The extender/crosslinker fulfills two totally different functions: First, it extends two incompatible hydrophilic and hydrophobic prepolymers (PEG and PDMS) to a random MBC, and, subsequently, it crosslinks the multiblocks to the target APCN. The synthesis and characterization of the extender/crosslinker is also presented.
Voltaire's Candide, medical students, and mentoring.

In Voltaire's work, Candide, a young, naive man, who has been taught that humans live in the best of all possible worlds, is thrust into the world only to find that this may not be so. He learns over time to balance his optimism with the skepticism he acquires through experience. While today's medical students are not naive like the character Candide, they, nonetheless, carry an impression of the ideal medical practice, along with the expectation of a successful medical practice. Good mentors and role models are important to students in order to temper their optimism, control their skepticism, and to help them to be realistic, not only about their expectations of medical practice, but what society expects of them.
Surgical Management of a Massive Occipital and Posterior Cervical Melanoma

Introduction/Background: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma continues to rise rapidly. Approximately one quarter of all cases occur within the head and neck region1. The primary management of melanoma is surgical extirpation, regardless of size. Large, destructive lesions often are associated with significant morbidity. There is a role for surgery in the palliative setting in order to decrease morbidity and assist in symptom relief for selected patients2. This case report describes the management of a massive, locally-recurrent melanoma significantly impacting quality of life.
A Multivariate CLT for Local Dependence withn -1/2 log nRate and Applications to Multivariate Graph Related Statistics

This paper concerns the rate of convergence in the central limit theorem for certain local dependence structures. The main goal of the paper is to obtain estimates of the rate in the multidimensional case. Certain one-dimensional results are also improved by using some more flexible characteristics of dependence. Assuming the summands are bounded, we obtain rates close to those for independent variables. As an application we study the rate of the normal approximation of certain graph related statistics which arise in testing equality of several multivariate distributions
Scaffolding Critical Reasoning about History and Social Issues in Multimedia-Supported Learning Environments

This article advances a continuing line of research that investigates the potential of hypermedia resources and scaffolding for supporting problem-based social studies and developing critical reasoning. Our line of inquiry consists of a series of generative design experiments that informs problem-based curriculum development. Our findings suggest that expert guidance may be embedded into the learning environment to give students conceptual and strategic road maps that assist them in understanding the process of disciplined inquiry. However, our results also emphasize the difficulties in managing the cognitive challenges posed by ill-structured social problems and suggest limits to the embedded support that can be provided for complex thinking. Complex conceptual tasks may require spontaneous support that can only be provided by a skilled teacher. We suggest that embedded scaffolds may be used to support teachers by reducing the amount of spontaneous scaffolding they must do in an ill-structured environment and discuss other steps that might be taken to encourage problem-based inquiry.
A new genus of pine-feeding Cochylina from the western United States and northern Mexico (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Euliini).

Eupinivora, new genus, is described and illustrated from the montane regions of western United States (Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas) and Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Durango, and Estado de Mexico). As presently defined, the genus includes seven species: E. ponderosae, n. sp. (USA: Arizona) (type species); E. angulicosta, n. sp. (Mexico: Nuevo Leon); E. albolineana, n. sp. (Mexico: Durango); E. thaumantias (Razowski, 1994), n. comb. (Mexico: Estado de Mexico); E. hamartopenis (Razowski, 1986), n. comb. (Mexico: Durango); E. unicolora, n. sp. (Mexico: Durango); and E. rufofascia, n. sp. (Mexico: Durango). The new genus is most closely related to Henricus Busck, 1943, from which it can be distinguished by the short upturned labial palpi, the presence of a variable cluster of long spine-like external setae from near the middle of the phallus in the male genitalia, the absence of cornuti in the vesica, the absence of the subgenital sex scales in the male, and a forewing pattern that in most of the included species is reminiscent of that of Argyrotaenia ponera Walsingham and its relatives. Four of the new species were reared from the cones of Pinus arizonica var. cooperi Blanco (Pinaceae) and one from Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson; all of the species occur in habitats dominated by conifers at elevations between ca. 1700 and 2750 m. Two specimens from New Mexico were collected in traps baited with a synthetic pheromone for the bud worm Choristoneura lambertiana (Busck, 1915) (Archipini)—90% 92:8E:Z11-14AC, 10% 90:10E:Z11OH—which is consistent with that recorded for other Cochylina.
Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatment of Lexical-Semantic Deficits in a Single Patient With Primary Progressive Aphasia

In the context of a hybrid multiple-baseline design, this study demonstrated the positive effects of a behavioral + pharmacological (dextroamphetamine) treatment for lexical-semantic deficits in an...
An iterative surface evolution algorithm for multiview stereo

We propose a new iterative surface evolution algorithm for multiview stereo. Starting from an embedding space such as the visual hull, we will first conduct robust 3D depth estimation (represented as 3D points) based on image correlation. A fast implicit distance function-based region growing method is then employed to extract an initial shape estimation based on these 3D points. Next, an explicit surface evolution will be conducted to recover the finer geometry details of the recovered shape. The recovered shape will be further improved by several iterations between depth estimation and shape reconstruction, similar to the Expectation Maximization (EM) approach. The experiments on the benchmark datasets show that our algorithm can obtain highquality reconstruction results that are comparable with the state-of-art methods, with considerable less computational time and complexity.
Self-Defense and Defense of Others

L'A. soutient la these selon laquelle une theorie de la force defensive justifiee, concernant l'autodefense ou la defense d'autrui, fondee sur des considerations subjectives, est preferable a la fois pour la philosophie morale et pour le droit criminel. Distinguant les trois cas suivants: 1) un agent utilise la force par erreur et espere une justification par les circonstances, 2) un agent utilise la force avec une intention mauvaise, ou sans intention ni croyance, 2) la menace contre laquelle l'agent utilise la force est causalement dangereuse, mais moralement et juridiquement innocente, l'A. examine les theories objectives developpees par J. J. Thomson, P. Robinson et M. Gorr, d'une part, et montre qu'elles se contredisent face a l'exemple de trois personnes se menacant mutuellement
A simple visualization tool to support concurrent engineering design

Abstract Due to the nature of the die casting process, the part geometry restricts the die design significantly and hence affects the quality of the part. However, as is often the case in other manufacturing processes, the manufacturability of die castings is not considered until the design has been nearly completed and detailed. Primarily, this is due to the limited capability of current Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) tools to support design evaluation, especially during preliminary design. In this paper, we present a new volume-based geometric reasoning and visualization approach to support this task. This system is very efficient in terms of computation time and can evaluate the whole range of designs regardless of their shape complexity. In addition, it is very simple-to-use and the results are self-evident. The current focus is on thermal- and flow-related problems in die casting. Our approach, however, is general and can be applied to other manufacturing processes.
Respiratory physiology of birds: Considerations for anesthetic management

As veterinarians, we are indeed fortunate to be able to work with animals from a variety of taxonomic groups. The anatomic and physiological differences among animal taxa affect how we manage these animals. Anatomic differences are obvious, but it is the subtle differences in physiological function that challenge our knowledge and experience. The unique anatomy and physiology of birds enable some to fly at altitudes of 32,000 feet without supplemental oxygen, to dive underwater for many minutes, and to live at environmental extremes from the frozen deserts of the polar caps, to the heat and humidity of the tropics, to the dry heat of the earth's deserts. This article reviews unique anatomic and physiological features of the avian respiratory system, and how they impact on anesthetic management.
New materials for flash-pumped organic lasers

Two compounds derived from 2-hydroxyquinoline were found to lase in the violet region of the spectrum when pumped by a flashlamp. Two aminocoumarin derivatives, under the same conditions, lased intensely in the range from 440 to 480 nm at a wavelength that depended on the addition of acid.
Detection of volatile organic compounds in the vapor phase using solvatochromic dye-doped polymers

Abstract The solvatochromic dye, Reichardt's Betaine [2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinio)phenolate] (RDye), was investigated for use in chemical sensing applications. The polarity-sensitive dye was incorporated into several polymer films of differing polarity and sorbent characteristics, and exposed to the headspace above a variety of solvents. Reversible and reproducible changes in the absorption maximum (λmax) of RDye were observed for the series of vapors comprising a range of polarities. The polymers absorbed and concentrated the analyte vapors, thereby influencing the environment surrounding the dye embedded in the polymer. Comparison of the vapor/film results with those of RDye dissolved in the neat solvents were favorable. Methanol and ethanol vapors produced large blue shifts in λmax (avg ≈103 and 63 nm, respectively) for most of the polymer films tested, while isopropanol, acetone, and some chlorinated hydrocarbons produced varying responses in the different films. Water, the most polar vapor tested, did not have much influence on λmax in the films. This is attributed to RDye's low solubility in water and the hydrogen-bonded clustering of water in the films. Exposure of the films to vapors of binary methanol-water mixtures demonstrated that the dye molecules were preferentially solvated by methanol, indicating the detectability of polar vapors in humid environments.
Systems of career influences: A conceptual model for evaluating the professional development of women in academic medicine

Abstract Background: Surprisingly little research is available to explain the well-documented organizational and societal influences on persistent inequities in advancement of women faculty. Methods: The Systems of Career Influences Model is a framework for exploring factors influencing women's progression to advanced academic rank, executive positions, and informal leadership roles in academic medicine. The model situates faculty as agents within a complex adaptive system consisting of a trajectory of career advancement with opportunities for formal professional development programming; a dynamic system of influences of organizational policies, practices, and culture; and a dynamic system of individual choices and decisions. These systems of influence may promote or inhibit career advancement. Within this system, women weigh competing influences to make career advancement decisions, and leaders of academic health centers prioritize limited resources to support the school's mission. Results and Conclusion...
Kinetic theory of the escape of particles from surfaces

Abstract Molecules and small particles are in continual thermal or Brownian motion. Even molecules and particles bound to a surface experience these motions and sometimes escape from the surface as a result of them. Although random in their nature, these motions obey known statistical distribution laws so that the statistical behavior of large numbers of particles or the probable behavior of an individual particle can be predicted. This investigation uses such an analysis to determine the rate of escape of particles from a surface. Although several of the expressions obtained apply equally well to the escape of adsorbed molecules and particles, the primary interest is in the escape of particles consisting of many molecules. These particles (spheres) are bound to the surface by molecular attractions and may also be subject to a removal force due to, say, hydrodynamic flow. This mechanism of particle escape is of fundamental importance in the re-entrainment of small particles. One of three applications of the theory discussed is the problem of penetration of molecules and particles through filtration systems. The analysis also suggests a new technique for measuring the surface area of powders.
Cleaning up the kitchen sink: Specification tests and average derivative estimators for growth econometrics

Abstract Theory and case-study evidence suggest that non-linearities are pervasive in the growth process. Growth empirics have attempted to characterize these non-linearities with regression trees, additively separable non-parametric estimates, or simple interaction terms. Each method requires specific assumptions about functional form which we demonstrate may not be defensible. We provide two alternate mechanisms for making inference about the growth effects of production–function shifters that do not make a priori assumptions about functional form: monotonicity tests and average derivative estimation. Our results suggest that the growth effects of policies are country-specific while the effects of institutions are more robustly monotonic.
Recent experiments in holopoetry and computer holopoetry

The term "holographic poetry", or "holopoetry", refers to a kind of experimental text the author has been producing since 1983, which is characterized by parameters such as "textual instability", "fluid sign", and "discontinuous syntax". These concepts are presented in the paper and complemented by a brief description of the pieces created from January 1989 to July 1991. Computer holopoetry, an extension of optical "holographic poetry", is also discussed; it is a writing process that employs digital synthesis and animation as communication factors.
Accessibility and usability of Web‐based library databases for non‐visual users

The ADA mandates that library programs and services be accessible to people with disabilities. With the advent of the WWW, the popularity of commercial Web‐based resources in academic libraries has soared, but are these resources accessible to people with visual disabilities? This study examines the accessibility of two popular Web‐based abstracting and indexing services, Periodical Abstracts, offered by OCLC FirstSearch, and Gale Group’s Expanded Academic ASAP, when accessed by blind users using screen‐reading programs. The study measured accessibility based on guidelines from the amended Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines issued by the WWW Consortium. The findings indicate that, while each database has a high degree of accessibility, there is a need for Web developers to conduct usability testing of commercial databases with people who rely on screen readers for access to the Web. Librarians must be cognizant of accessibility issues and demand a...
Parents' reports of the body shape and feeding habits of 36-month-old children: an investigation of gender differences.

Objective The current study examined parental perception of offspring body shape, differential reporting of offspring eating behaviors by mothers and fathers, and gender-specific patterns of offspring feeding habits. Methods Parents of a community sample of 36-month-old children (N = 93) completed measures regarding their offspring's feeding patterns and body shape. Results Results revealed noteworthy correlates (e.g., concerns about their child's appetite) of parental perception of offspring weight status. They further suggested that mothers and fathers often differed in their accounts of their child's eating habits, and that parents report certain eating behaviors differently depending on the gender of their child. Conclusion Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of Mammalian Cone Phototransduction by Recoverin and Rhodopsin Kinase

Cone photoreceptors function under daylight conditions and are essential for color perception and vision with high temporal and spatial resolution. A remarkable feature of cones is that, unlike rods, they remain responsive in bright light. In rods, light triggers a decline in intracellular calcium, which exerts a well studied negative feedback on phototransduction that includes calcium-dependent inhibition of rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) by recoverin. Rods and cones share the same isoforms of recoverin and GRK1, and photoactivation also triggers a calcium decline in cones. However, the molecular mechanisms by which calcium exerts negative feedback on cone phototransduction through recoverin and GRK1 are not well understood. Here, we examined this question using mice expressing various levels of GRK1 or lacking recoverin. We show that although GRK1 is required for the timely inactivation of mouse cone photoresponse, gradually increasing its expression progressively delays the cone response recovery. This surprising result is in contrast with the known effect of increasing GRK1 expression in rods. Notably, the kinetics of cone responses converge and become independent of GRK1 levels for flashes activating more than ∼1% of cone pigment. Thus, mouse cone response recovery in bright light is independent of pigment phosphorylation and likely reflects the spontaneous decay of photoactivated visual pigment. We also find that recoverin potentiates the sensitivity of cones in dim light conditions but does not contribute to their capacity to function in bright light.
System architecture of intelligent personal communication node for body sensor network

In this paper, we introduce a wireless body sensor network (BSN) system architecture with sensor data collection, signal processing, analysis and transmission capabilities. These capabilities are established on an intelligent Personal Communication Node (iPCN) consisting of an FPGA board and/or an Android smartphone with wireless connections to sensor nodes and a central server. We demonstrate signal processing feasibility for both iPCN candidates by observing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) computation performance. Acceleration, temperature, electrocardiography (ECG) and phonocardiography (PCG) signal data collections using an Android smartphone are established for data transmissions and graphical/numerical display in real-time. Wireless protocols such as Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and cellular data network connections are used for data transmission. This basic system emphasizes the capability to mobilize and enable remote diagnosis of system users while maintaining normal day-to-day activities.
Carbon nanotube transistor compact model for circuit design and performance optimization

In this paper, we describe the development of the Stanford University Carbon Nanotube FET (CNFET) Compact Model. The CNFET Model is a circuit-compatible, compact model which describes enhancement-mode, CMOS-like CNFETs. It can be used to simulate both functionality and performance of large-scale circuits with hundreds of CNFETs. To produce realistic and relevant results, the model accounts for several practical non-idealities such as scattering in the near-ballistic channel, effects of the source/drain extension region, and charge-screening for multiple-nanotube CNFETs. The model also includes a full transcapacitance network for more accurate transient and AC results. The Stanford University CNFET Model is implemented in both HSPICE macro language and VerilogA. The VerilogA implementation shows speedups of roughly 7x∼15x over HSPICE. Applications of the model suggest that n- and p-CNFETs will have 6x and 13x speed advantage over Si n- and p-MOSFETs respectively at the 32nm node, and that a CNT density of 250 CNTs/um is ideal for multiple-nanotube gates. Such a compact CNFET model will be absolutely essential in ushering in the Design Era of CNFET circuits as carbon nanotube technology outgrows its “science discovery” phase.
Glutamate receptor subtype expression in human postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenics and alcohol abusers

Abstract Antibodies to functional AMPA/kainate (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3), and kainate binding sites (GluR5–7) were used as probes to characterize and quantitate glutamatergic receptor subtypes in human post-mortem brain tissue from schizophrenic subjects and non-psychotic control subjects, which included normal controls and subjects with a previous history of alcohol abuse. Crude membrane fractions from human hippocampi and cingulate cortices were fractionated by SDS-PAGE, electrotransferred to nitrocellulose, and probed for the various glutamate receptor subytpes. Western blots were developed with chemilluminescence and the images analyzed by densitometry. Significant reductions were observed in the hippocampal immunoreactivity of both GluR2 and GluR3 AMPA/kainate receptor subtypes in schizophrenic subjects compared to the entire group of non-psychotic control subjects. No significant changes were observed in schizophrenic hippocampal GluR1 and GluR5 receptor subtypes or in levels of the structural control proteins, NCAM and tau. Significant increases were observed for GluR2 and GluR3 in the hippocampi of subjects with alcohol abuse histories when compared to the non-psychotic normal control group. When subjects with alcohol abuse histories were removed from the non-psychotic control pool, schizophrenics were no longer statistically different from the remaining normal controls. An analysis of GluR2 and GluR3 immunoreactivity in the cingulate cortex revealed no changes in these receptor subtypes among any of the groups. No alterations were observed in the immunoreactivity of these various proteins due to confounding factors such as age, sex, postmortem interval, or smoking history, except in the cingulate cortex were GluR3 receptor subtype levels were significantly reduced in the brains of smokers. These results generally do not support a role for the non-NMDA type glutamatergic receptors in schizophrenia. However, the role of chronic ethanol exposure on the human brain needs to be further investigated, and underscores the importance of defined control tissue for human postmortem studies.
Obtaining a Consistent Set of Thermodynamic Variables for Real Superconductors

A method is presented for obtaining a consistent set of thermodynamic parameters and temperature-dependent thermodynamic variables for a real superconductor. The method depends upon determining a temperature-dependent effective interaction strength for the particular material. Conversely, given the effective interaction strength for the superconductor, the thermodynamic variables as functions of temperature can be obtained. The method is illustrated for Al, V, Ta, Nb, and Pb. The results of this approach and the McMillan theory of the critical temperature are compared for Nb, Pb, and the In-Tl alloy system. Eine Methode nird angegeben, die es moglich macht, fur einen realen Supraleiter einen konsistenten Satz von thermodynamischen Parametern und ternperntrirabhangigen Variablen zu bestimrnen. Zuerst nird ein temperaturabhangiger effektiver Wechselwirkungspara- meter fur ein Material bestimmt. Wenn andererseits dieser Parameter bekannt ist, kann man die thermodynarnischen Variablen als Funktionen der Temperatur erhalten. Diese Methode nird fur Al, V. Ta, Nb und Pb angewendet. Die Ergebnisse werden mit der McMillan-Theorie der kritischen Temperatnr fur Nb, Pb und In-Tl-Legierungen verglichen.
Intraocular lens power calculation for humanitarian missions based on partial biometry.

Purpose To determine whether the correlation between corneal power (K) and axial length (AL) can be used for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation when biometric data are incomplete. Setting Developing regions served by United States Navy humanitarian assistance missions. Design Case series. Methods Measurements of K and AL were collected from all adult cataract surgery charts and used to calculate emmetropic IOL powers. A formula for estimating K or AL was derived by Deming regression analysis. The emmetropic IOL powers were calculated by hypothetical scenarios as follows: (1) K estimated from the formula and measured AL, (2) mean population K and measured AL, (3) measured K and estimated AL, and (4) measured K and mean population AL. The mean absolute refractive error (MAE) was calculated for each hypothetical scenario and an additional scenario (scenario 5) using single IOL power for all eyes. The MAEs were compared with a paired t test. Results The formula derived from Deming regression analysis was K = 74.56 − 1.317 × AL. The MAE for the scenarios were (1) 0.90 diopters (D), (2) 1.11 D, (3) 1.91 D, (4) 1.55 D, and (5) 1.22 D. The MAE for scenario 1 was significantly less (P Conclusions The correlation between K and AL can be used to improve accuracy of IOL calculation when K is unavailable. When the AL is unavailable, the mean population IOL power is most accurate. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Joy and disappointment in the hotel experience: managing relationship segments

Purpose – The objective of this research is to provide insight into the management of service quality and emotions across customer relationships in the business‐to‐consumer market and to identify which segmentation method, i.e. conceptual versus data‐driven, is more effective for this purpose.Design/methodology/approach – A cross‐sectional customer satisfaction survey conducted in the hotel industry was used to test the predictions. The respondents were Norwegian customers (n=689) of an international hotel chain, interviewed by telephone through a professional marketing research bureau. Several statistical analyses were applied to analyze the data, i.e. Cluster, MANOVA and regression. The conceptual model was estimated using PLS.Findings – It would appear that the weaker the relationship segment, the more quality‐based and disappointing is the customer experience. The stronger or closer the relationship segment, the more balanced (with respect to price and quality) and joyful is the experience. One segmen...
Requirement for the G1 protein of California encephalitis virus in infection in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract A role for the large glycoprotein (G1) of California encephalitis (CE) virus was examined in the infection of baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cell lines and the mosquito Ae. dorsalis using G1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and selective protein cleavage. Five MAbs neutralized CE viral infectivity in both cell lines. One MAb, 7D45, efficiently neutralized the peroral infection of Ae. dorsalis females fed CE virus in artificial bloodmeals. To determine if MAbs to G1 neutralized CE virus by sterically hindering the small glycoprotein (G2), portions of G1 were trypsinized, and viral infectivity was assayed in vivo and in vitro. Cleavage of G1 resulted in a complete loss of infectivity both in mosquitoes and in culture, even though a significant amount of G2 remained intact. The loss of infectivity by both neutralization with G1 MAbs and trypsinization indicates that the G1 protein of CE virus is required for infection of mosquito and mammalian cells in vitro and of mosquitoes by the peroral route.