cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tsiolkovskii and the Invention of ‘Russian Cosmism’: Science, Mysticism, and the Conquest of Nature at the Birth of Soviet Space Exploration

The rhetoric of the early years of the Soviet space program was rooted in a long and enthusiastic discourse about the transformative role of modern science and technology in the socialist context. Yet, it has become evident that ‘Russian Cosmism’, a mystical and occultlike worldview with Orthodox Christian overtones continues to animate Russian interest in the cosmos. The goal of this essay is to dispel some fundamental misconceptions, especially about the embellished historical importance of ‘cosmism’ in the lived historical context of twentieth century Russia. By doing so, I hope to position the philosophical foundations of Soviet space activities as part of a broader aspirations for ‘modernity’ and a concomitant ideology of conquering the natural world.
Unlabeled data improvesword prediction

Labeling image collections is a tedious task, especially when multiple labels have to be chosen for each image. In this paper we introduce a new framework that extends state of the art models in word prediction to incorporate information from unlabeled examples, using manifold regularization. To the best of our knowledge this is the first semi-supervised multi-task model used in vision problems. The new model can be solved using gradient descent and is fast and efficient. We show remarkable improvements for cases with few labeled examples for challenging multi-task learning problems in vision (predicting words for images and attributes for objects).
Analysis of Scientific Papers Published between 2001 and 2010 in an Anhui Children' s Hospital

Aim To find out the comprehensive strength and trends in scientific research area,and to provide foundation for decision-making on pushing the paediatric research forward,we reviewed the achievements of the scientific papers publication and the professional background of the authors between 2001 and 2010. Methods We extracted data and described the distribution characteristics of the paper publication amount,degree in the 10 years,as well as age,construction of professional and technical title,the education qualification of the authors. Moreover,we statistically analyzed the variability of the publication conditions within statistical source journals among the authors with different technical title.Results The amount of paper publication increased anually in the 10 years,but with few published in statistical source journals,and the core authors group have not formed yet.Meanwhile,the general internal medicine maintained the dominant propotion.Authors aged 30 -50 years old,with middle technical title and with bachelor degree published the majority of the papers.The propotion of the papers published in statistical source journals and in the Zhonghua series medical journals were significantly higher in authors with master degree and above.Conclusions In order to construct a stable core authors group and increase the amount of the paper publication,we should continue to encourage those author groups with high output rate and make greater support on the potential authors.Furthermore,we must take more effort on impoving publication quality in the future. Key words: Children's hospital; Scientific papers; Bibliometrics; Statistical analysis
Using New Approaches in Neurobiology to Rethink Stress-Induced Amnesia

Psychological stress can impact memory systems in several different ways. In individuals with healthy defense and coping systems, stress results in the formation of negatively valenced memories whose ability to induce emotional and somatic distress subsides with time. Vulnerable individuals, however, go on to develop stress-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suffer from significant memory abnormalities. Whether expressed as intrusive trauma memories, partial amnesia, or dissociative amnesia, such abnormalities are thought to be the core source of patients’ symptoms, which are often debilitating and implicate an entire socio-cognitive-affective spectrum. With this in mind, and focusing on stress-responsive hippocampal microcircuits, this article highlights recent advances in the neurobiology of memory that allow us to (1) isolate and visualize memory circuits, (2) change their activity using genetic tools and state-dependent manipulations, and (3) directly examine their impact on socio-affective circuits and global network connectivity. By integrating these approaches, we are now in a position to address important questions that have troubled psychiatry for a long time—questions such as are traumatic memories special, and why are stress effects on memory diverse. Furthering our fundamental understanding of memory in the framework of adaptive and maladaptive stress responses has the potential to boost the development of new treatments that can benefit patients suffering from psychological trauma.
THAP1 : Role in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Survival and Differentiation

THAP1 (THAP [Thanatos-associated protein] domain-containing, apoptosis-associated protein 1) is a ubiquitously expressed member of a family of transcription factors with highly conserved DNA-bindin ...
The Effect of Distance Between Predator and Prey and the Opportunity to Escape on Tonic Immobility in Anolis Carolinensis

The idea that tonic immobility (TI) may be a reaction to predation has received increasing support in recent years. It follows, from this view, that distance between predator and prey and opportunity for escape should have predictable effects on immobility. The first experiment showed that the presence of large bushes, as an explicit escape manipulation, reduced immobility durations in anoles (Anolis carolinensis) in comparison to what occurred when they were immobilized in an open area, with the effect being most evident the closer the predator was to the prey. In the second experiment it was shown that close proximity between anoles and the experimenter produced longer durations of immobility in an open area, while a third experiment showed that with bushes nearby this relationship was reversed; that is, shorter durations of TI with anoles in close proximity to the experimenter.
Wearable and Washable Conductors for Active Textiles

The emergence of stretchable electronics and its potential integration with textiles have highlighted a challenge: Textiles are wearable and washable, but electronic devices are not. Many stretchable conductors have been developed to enable wearable active textiles, but little has been done to make them washable. Here we demonstrate a new class of stretchable conductors that can endure wearing and washing conditions commonly associated with textiles. Such a conductor consists of a hydrogel, a dissolved hygroscopic salt, and a butyl rubber coating. The hygroscopic salt enables ionic conduction and matches the relative humidity of the hydrogel to the average ambient relative humidity. The butyl rubber coating prevents the loss and gain of water due to the daily fluctuation of ambient relative humidity. We develop the chemistry of dip-coating the butyl rubber onto the hydrogel, using silanes to achieve both the cross-link of the butyl rubber and the adhesion between the butyl rubber and the hydrogel. We test...
Performance bounds of estimators in molecular communications under structural constraints

Parameter estimation is a key task in many aspects of communication systems including molecular communications (MC). The performance of parameter estimators involved in MC has been so far assessed using the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). However, for the discrete-amplitude parameters associated with the released "information molecules" in MC, pertinent regularity conditions do not hold, and consequently the CRLB does not exist. In this context, the present paper advocates the more general Hammersley-Chapman-Robinson lower bound (HCRLB), for MC parameter estimation. As a special case of practical importance, estimation of the number of released molecules, N, is investigated. A simple yet tight approximation of the HCRLB is developed by solving a non-convex optimization problem. A more accurate lower bound is also derived after accounting for the structural constraints inherent to the model under consideration. The resultant approach does not require the aforementioned regularity conditions to be satisfied.
Testing Censoring Point Independence

Identification in censored regression analysis and hazard models of duration outcomes relies on the condition that censoring points are conditionally independent of latent outcomes, an assumption w...
Characterization of the adult Aedes aegypti early midgut peritrophic matrix proteome using LC-MS

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the principal vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika virus. These arboviruses are transmitted during adult female mosquito bloodfeeding. While these viruses must transverse the midgut to replicate, the blood meal must also reach the midgut to be digested, absorbed, or excreted, as aggregation of blood meal metabolites can be toxic to the female mosquito midgut. The midgut peritrophic matrix (PM), a semipermeable extracellular layer comprised of chitin fibrils, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, is one such mechanism of protection for the mosquito midgut. However, this structure has not been characterized for adult female Ae. aegypti. We conducted a mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis to identify proteins that comprise or are associated with the adult female Ae. aegypti early midgut PM. Altogether, 474 unique proteins were identified, with 115 predicted as secreted. GO-term enrichment analysis revealed an abundance of serine-type proteases and several known and novel intestinal mucins. In addition, approximately 10% of the peptides identified corresponded to known salivary proteins, indicating Ae. aegypti mosquitoes extensively swallow their own salivary secretions. However, the physiological relevance of this remains unclear, and further studies are needed to determine PM proteins integral for midgut protection from blood meal derived toxicity and pathogen protection. Finally, we describe substantial discordance between previously described transcriptionally changes observed in the midgut in response to a bloodmeal and the presence of the corresponding protein in the PM. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007627.
Optimizing anti-terrorism resource allocation: Research Articles

Since spring of 2002 we have been working on a methodology, decision model, and cognitive support system to aid with effective allocation of anti-terrorism (AT) resources at Marine Corps installations. The work has so far been focused on the military domain, but the model and the software tools developed to implement it are generalizable to a range of commercial and public-sector settings including industrial parks, corporate campuses, and civic facilities. The approach suggests that anti-terrorism decision makers determine mitigation project allocations using measures of facility priority and mitigation project utility as inputs to the allocation algorithm. The three-part hybrid resource allocation model presented here uses multi-criteria decision-making techniques to assess facility (e.g., building, hangar) priorities, a utility function to calculate anti-terrorism project mitigation values (e.g., protective glazing, wall coatings, and stand-off barriers) and optimization techniques to determine resource allocations across multiple, competing AT mitigation projects. The model has been realized in a cognitive support system developed as a set of loosely coupled Web services. The approach, model, and cognitive support system have been evaluated using the cognitive walkthrough method with prospective system users in the field. In this paper we describe the domain, the problem space, the decision model, the cognitive support system and summary results of early model and system evaluations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychophysical Testing of Neurologic Mutant Mice

In taking psychophysical measurements of animals, the tester cannot simply tell his subjects what behavior he requires. Nothing is accomplished by saying to a mouse: “Tell me whenever you hear the tone.” The tester must use nonverbal methods to teach the animal to respond to the test stimuli, and only the test stimuli. The experimenter’s choice of indicator response and teaching method will, to some degree, influence the psychophysical measurements obtained. For example, one response may have a higher “false alarm” rate than another. A high false alarm rate will lower threshold measures. It may be more difficult to train one response than another. The complexity of the training procedure will restrict the number of animals that can be tested in a given time. These variables can be manipulated over a wide range by the experimenter, who will choose his method to suit his particular purpose.
Natural Kind Terms

Natural kind terms denote, or purport to denote, natural kinds – for example, physical, chemical, and biological kinds. They are of particular interest to philosophers concerned with what enables us to think and talk about natural kinds. According to descriptivism, the denotation of natural kind terms is determined by an associated description. According to causal theories, the denotation is determined by language users' causal interactions with exemplars. Hybrid views are also espoused. These positions parallel those taken on the denotation of proper names.
Luther, Conflict, and Christendom: Reformation Europe and Christianity in the West

Martin Luther - monk, priest, intellectual, or revolutionary - has been a controversial figure since the sixteenth century. Most studies of Luther stress his personality, his ideas, and his ambitions as a church reformer. In this book, Christopher Ocker brings a new perspective to this topic, arguing that the different ways people thought about Luther mattered far more than who he really was. Providing an accessible, highly contextual, and non-partisan introduction, Ocker says that religious conflict itself served as the engine of religious change. He shows that the Luther affair had a complex political anatomy which extended far beyond the borders of Germany, making the debate an international one from the very start. His study links the Reformation to pluralism within western religion and to the coexistence of religions and secularism in today's world. Luther, Conflict, and Christendom includes a detailed chronological chart.
Numerical Computation of Critical Parameter Values for Fault Recovery in Power Systems

For a given power system disturbance, it is useful to determine the critical parameter values that cause the resulting trajectory to lie exactly on the boundary (in state space) of the region of attraction of the operating point. These critical parameter values form the boundary, in parameter space, between sets of parameter values for which the system recovers to its original stable operating point, and sets of parameter values for which it does not. The paper presents an algorithm for numerically computing critical parameter values and their associated boundaries in parameter space by exploiting the presence of a controlling unstable equilibrium point (CUEP) on the boundary of the operating point's region of attraction. The key idea is to vary a parameter value in such a way as to maximize the time spent by the trajectory in a ball centred at the CUEP. This will drive parameter values to their critical values. The algorithm is demonstrated on a test case where it is used to find the critical amount of inertia in the network such that the system is marginally able to recover from a particular fault. It is also used to numerically trace a curve of critical parameter values given by varying the moments of inertia for a pair of generators.
Surveillance of Internalizing Behaviors: A Reliability and Validity Generalization Study of Universal Screening Evidence

Due to early onset and rising prevalence rates, there is an established need for early identification of youth demonstrating symptoms of internalizing disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression). Accordingly, calls have been made for the use of universal screening tools to identify internalizing behavior risk. Current research has spoken to the adequacy of individual screeners, but researchers have yet to quantitatively synthesize the broader internalizing screening literature. The purpose of the current study was to systematically review the literature and conduct a reliability and validity generalization meta-analysis of available psychometric evidence. This meta-analysis identified 40 studies in which 18 distinct internalizing behavior screeners were examined. Of interest were both (a) broadband screeners, which included internalizing items along with items specific to other areas (e.g., externalizing problems), and (b) narrowband screeners, which included internalizing items alone. Across examined studies, mean coefficient alpha reliability estimates were equal to .84 for broadband screeners and .78 for narrowband screeners. For broadband screeners, mean validity correlation coefficients were equal to .66 when predicting other internalizing measures and .51 when predicting other criteria (e.g., extant academic and behavioral data). For narrowband screeners, mean validity coefficients were equal to .45 when predicting other internalizing measures and .26 when predicting other criteria. Interestingly, moderator analyses indicated neither reliability nor validity was moderated by any study or measurement characteristics. Taken together, results supported the psychometric defensibility of both broadband and narrowband internalizing screeners. Limitations of the study and implications for research are discussed, including recommendations for additional diagnostic accuracy research.
Outcomes for Cancer Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Abstract Background/Purpose The incidence of cardiovascular disease in cancer patients is rising. The risk of in-hospital complications for cancer patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well defined. Methods/Materials A retrospective single-center cohort assessing STEMI patients with a history of cancer (n = 58) and without a history of cancer (n = 551) who underwent primary PCI between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2017 was conducted. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital complications including reinfarction, cardiogenic shock , new heart failure, stroke, new atrial fibrillation , ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, cardiac arrest, bleeding, new dialysis requirement, mechanical circulatory support , hospice requirement, and in-hospital mortality. Results Overall in-hospital complications occurred in 229 (37.6%) patients. There was no significant difference in overall complications in patients with a history of cancer (39.7%), compared to those without a cancer history (37.4%) (adjusted OR 0.84 [0.46–1.51], p = 0.58; unadjusted OR 1.10 [0.61–1.92], p = 0.73); there were no differences exhibited in any of the individual complications. Patients with a history of cancer were significantly more likely to be readmitted within 30 days (12.7% vs. 5%; p = 0.03) and receive bare metal stents (50% vs. 30.4%; p = 0.004) as compared to patients without a history of cancer. Conclusions There was no significant difference for in-hospital complications in patients with a history of cancer and those without a history of cancer undergoing primary PCI for STEMI. Patients with a history of cancer were more likely to readmitted within 30 days and receive bare metal stents. Summary The risk of in-hospital complications for cancer patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI is not well defined. In a single-center retrospective cohort, there was no significant difference for in-hospital complications between patients with a history of cancer and those without a history of cancer undergoing primary PCI for STEMI.
1156. Observation of Stethoscope Sanitation Practices in an Emergency Department Setting

Background Nosocomial infections pose significant risk to patients and hygienic standards may be easily overlooked, especially in fast-paced emergency department settings. Studies have shown that stethoscopes can harbor pathogens, which can be transferred to patients when proper sanitary measures are not taken. Survey-based studies have mostly assessed stethoscope hygiene, but they may not accurately represent cleaning practice. This study aimed to accurately assess cleaning practice through observation of stethoscope cleaning and hand hygiene among medical providers in an emergency department setting.
Retrieval of Relevant Historical Data Triage Operations in Security Operation Centers

Triage analysis is a fundamental stage in cyber operations in Security Operations Centers (SOCs). The massive data sources generate great demands on cyber security analysts’ capability of information processing and analytical reasoning. Furthermore, most junior security analysts perform much less efficiently than senior analysts in deciding what data triage operations to perform. To help (junior) analysts perform better, several retrieval methods have been proposed to facilitate data triaging through retrieval of the relevant historical data triage operations of senior security analysts. This paper conducts a review of the existing retrieval methods, including rule-based retrieval and context-based retrieval of data triage operations. It further discusses the new directions in solving the data triage operation retrieval problem.
A Distributed Algorithm for Least Squares Solutions

In this technical note, a distributed algorithm is proposed for multiagent networks to achieve a least squares solution of a system of linear equations, in which each agent only knows part of the overall equations and communicates only with its nearby neighbors. The proposed algorithm is discrete time but does not involve small or time-varying step sizes. Given that the network is fixed, connected, and undirected, the proposed algorithm enables all agents in the network to achieve exponentially fast the same least squares solution; this is validated by simulations.
Modelling the influence of root position and growth on pavement tensile crack failure when occurring under three thicknesses of asphaltic concrete

Abstract Root-pavement conflicts are a common challenge in urban forest management. Given the expense of pavement installation and the time needed to develop large trees, there is a preference for modelling design solutions to integrate trees and pavement with shared soil volumes. While Finite Element (FE) models are used in pavement analysis and design, and have been used to describe root growth in soils, there are few examples exploring of integration of the two applications with respect to designing urban root zones under pavements. Four series of FE models were developed to test the influence of an asphaltic concrete wearing surface layer thickness and base layer thickness (the top two layers in a pavement design) in surface crack formation from a growing tree root simulation in positions within the top zone of the base layer and below the base layer. The expected pavement damage was defined at places where horizontal tensile stresses exceeded 862 kPa. The testing series were developed from a common group of 18 FE pavement layer configurations using 3 asphalt concrete (AC) thicknesses and 3 granular base thicknesses with a growing root element at 2 root elevations. In the first series, an AC layer of a thickness of 7.6 cm did not exceed the horizontal stresses needed to develop a crack when a simulated root element increased from 3.6 to 5.1 cm when the root element was below the base layer at least 10.16 cm below the bottom of the AC layer. A second series of 77 model runs with a refined root simulation verified the impact of a changed root simulation (shift of element shape with a material modeling change that accounted for soil hardening during deformation). For the second series, a 2.54 cm diameter circular root was expanded to a final size ranging from 3.8 to 10.16 cm. Results of the second series confirmed and added detail to the first, but required a significant increase in computational time to accommodate the added model and data output details. The third series developed root simulations from an initial 0.508 cm diameter (the smallest diameter available in the PLAXIS FEM modeling platform) to a maximum 5.08 cm diameter in a series of 55 tests. The third set allowed a method to observe and compare the colonization step to a series of radial growth steps, which caused minimal influence to the stress state of the AC as a consequence of soil displacements from the root growth. Finally, in the fourth testing series of 58 simulations, we tested a cluster of three root elements at a 10.16 cm spacing 0.635 cm below the AC or the base layer, growing from an initial 2.54 cm to 6.35 cm diameter. Modeling three root elements at the 10.16 cm spacing generated tensile stress-induced cracks in all AC-base-root depth configurations. Displacements in those models exceeded the imposed upward displacement limit of 1.27 cm after doubling in size from an initial 2.54 cm diameter.
The Effect of Mortgage Broker Licensing On Loan Origination Standards and Defaults under the Originate-to-Distribute Model: Evidence from the U.S. Mortgage Market

By exploiting state-level variations, we examine whether stricter licensing requirements for loan brokers raise lending standards and consequently improve loan performances. Using data on private label securitized loans, we find that the requirements on registration, surety bonds, net worth, work experience, education, exam, and continuing education are all effective in raising loan origination standards. Requirements placed on employees are as effective as those on licensees. The effect is larger for subprime, low/no-doc, cash-out-refinance loans, and high-minority neighborhoods. These findings point to the value of broker regulation when lenders' incentives to screen are compromised under the originate-to-distribute model.
Self-Stabilizing Topology Computation (Identification) of Cactus Graphs Using Master Slave Token Circulation

In this paper we propose a self stabilizing algorithm to compute the topology of a given arbitrary cactus graph; we use the most recent self stabilizing algorithm for token circulation in Cactus graphs [2] and design the proposed algorithm by making a single token traverse the graph multiple times and accumulating the topology information at the master node incrementally after each round in a space efficient way. The topology computation is completed in $O(n^{2})$ steps with $O (\Delta)$ bits extra storage at each node, where n is the number of nodes in the graph, and $\\lt p\gt Delta$ is the maximum degree of the cactus graph.
β-Adrenergic Signaling in Lung Cancer: A Potential Role for Beta-Blockers.

Lung cancer results in more patient deaths each year than any other cancer type. Additional treatment strategies are needed to improve clinical responses to approved treatment modalities and prevent the emergence of resistant disease. Catecholamines including norepinephrine and epinephrine are elevated as a result of chronic stress and mediate their physiological effects through activation of adrenergic receptors on target tissues. Lung cancer cells express β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), and numerous preclinical studies indicate that β2-AR signaling on lung cancer cells facilities cellular programs including proliferation, motility, apoptosis resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and the acquisition of an angiogenic and immunosuppressive phenotype. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential role for beta-blockers in improving the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients.
New onset of type 2 diabetes as a complication after cancer diagnosis: A systematic review.

Background Despite improved survival rates, cancer survivors are experiencing worse health outcomes with complications of treatment, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), that may deteriorate survivorship. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of T2D incidence following cancer diagnosis. Methods The study included: (1) cohort studies, (2) cancer diagnosis by a doctor, (3) incidence of T2D after diagnosis of cancer, and (4) adult patients over 18 years. Studies that focused on patients who had T2D as a preexisting condition at cancer diagnosis were excluded. Results Of a total of 16 studies, overall incidence of T2D ranged from 5.4% to 55.3%. The highest T2D incidence rate was observed in colorectal patients with cancer (53%). While results in prostate patients with cancer were mixed, patients who underwent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) had a significantly higher incidence of new-onset T2D (12.8%, p = 0.01). Patients treated with chemotherapy within 1-5 years of initial diagnosis of colorectal cancer were at approximately 30% higher risk of T2D. One study found that 48% of T2D was preventable with optimal management during the process of patient care. Conclusion Blood glucose management may allow physicians to intervene early and improve outcomes among patients with cancer.
Optogenetic stimulation of VIPergic SCN neurons induces photoperiodic changes in the mammalian circadian clock

Circadian clocks play key roles in how organisms respond to and even anticipate seasonal change in day length, or photoperiod. In mammals, photoperiod is encoded by the central circadian pacemaker in the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The subpopulation of SCN neurons that secrete the neuropeptide VIP mediate the transmission of light information within the SCN neural network, suggesting a role for these neurons in circadian plasticity in response to light information that has yet to be directly tested. Here, we used in vivo optogenetic stimulation of VIPergic SCN neurons followed by ex vivo PERIOD 2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) bioluminescent imaging to test whether activation of this SCN neuron sub-population can induce SCN network changes that are hallmarks of photoperiodic encoding. We found that optogenetic stimulation designed to mimic a long photoperiod indeed altered subsequent SCN entrained phase, increased the phase dispersal of PER2 rhythms within the SCN network, and shortened SCN free-running period - similar to the effects of a true extension of photoperiod. Optogenetic stimulation also induced analogous changes on related aspects of locomotor behavior in vivo. Thus, selective activation of VIPergic SCN neurons induces photoperiodic network plasticity in the SCN which underpins photoperiodic entrainment of behavior.
Attracting Diverse Students to Field Experiences Requires Adequate Pay, Flexibility, and Inclusion

Access to field experiences can increase participation of diverse groups in the environmental and natural resources (ENR) workforce. Despite a growing interest among the ENR community to attract and retain diverse students, minimal data exist on what factors undergraduate students prioritize when applying for field experiences. Using a nationwide survey of US undergraduate ENR students, we show that attracting most students to field experiences-especially racial or ethnic minority students-will require pay above minimum wage. However, the concurrent landscape of pay in ENR fell short of meeting many students' pay needs. Aside from pay, ENR students valued training in technical field skills and analytical or research skills, working with their desired study species or taxa, and working near school or family. Additional barriers beyond limited pay included incompatible schedules and noninclusive work environments. Our findings provide important insights for attracting a diverse workforce to this critical stage in career advancement for students in ENR.
Vortioxetine Versus Placebo for Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Clinical Trial Dataset.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of studies of vortioxetine in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). DataSources: Abstracts were identified using PubMed by cross-referencing vortioxetine with placebo and randomized. No language or publication year restrictions were used. Study Selection: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials comparing oral vortioxetine monotherapy with placebo for acute treatment of MDD. Data Extraction: Data were extracted with a pre-coded form, as follows: number of patients randomized, treatment group, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) response and remission rates, and mean change in scores from baseline and standard errors for the MADRS, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results: 7,269 subjects randomized to vortioxetine (n = 3,630) or placebo (n = 3,639) from 17 studies were included. The probability of receiving placebo did not predict difference in change in MADRS scores between vortioxetine and placebo (estimate = 4.1, P = .54). The standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% CI) for change in MADRS score for vortioxetine overall versus placebo was 0.33 (0.24 to 0.41) and was 0.24 (0.08 to 0.39), 0.33 (0.19 to 0.47), 0.26 (-0.06 to 0.58), and 0.44 (0.27 to 0.62) for 5-mg, 10-mg, 15-mg, and 20-mg doses, respectively. Greater difference in efficacy between drug and placebo was observed in studies with a low rather than a high placebo response rate. Conclusions: Vortioxetine is more effective than placebo in improving depression, anxiety, and cognition. Less informative or uninformative studies obscured the true treatment effect.
Engaging Undergraduate Students in Substance Use and Related Mental Health Disorders Research within South Dakota: A Review of the Summer Program for Undergraduate Research in Addiction (SPURA)

BACKGROUND The Summer Program for Undergraduate Research in Addiction (SPURA) at the University of South Dakota provides research opportunities to better understand substance use and related mental health disorders. The program was initiated in 2014 from funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse with a mission to provide high-quality mentorship and research experiences for undergraduate students, including those underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math. METHODS Students from the University of South Dakota were recruited to participate in this program. Survey responses and demographic information were collected from the students. RESULTS During the first five years, 37 students completed the program. Many of these students were underrepresented in science. Of the students that had completed their undergraduate degree at the time of the last survey, most students either continued their education in a health professional or graduate program, or were employed in a career related to mental health or substance use. CONCLUSIONS The current report reflects upon the outcomes of the program and future directions. With continued effort, SPURA will provide critical education for future leaders and health care professionals on topics related to substance use and mental health disorders, resulting in a greater number of advocates for those afflicted by substance use.
Enterococcus gallinarum endophthalmitis and meningitis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient: A case report and literature review

Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus gallinarum, an organism with intrinsic resistance to vancomycin, has rarely been reported. We present a case of persistent E. gallinarum bacteremia...
Neurofeedback Training with Concurrent Psychophysiological Monitoring in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Neurofeedback training is a treatment modality of potential use for improving self-regulation skills in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multiple studies using neurofeedback to target symptoms of ASD have been reported. These studies differ among themselves in the type of training (e.g., theta-to-beta ratio, coherence, etc.), topography (Cz or Pz), guidance by quantitative EEG (qEEG), and number of sessions (e.g., 20 vs. 30, etc.). In our study, we proposed that prefrontal neurofeedback training would be accompanied by changes in relative power of EEG bands (e.g., 40 Hz-centered gamma band) and ratios of individual bands (e.g., theta-to-beta ratio) and changes in autonomic activity. Outcome measures included EEG, autonomic measures (heart rate, heart rate variability [HRV] indexes, respiration rate, and skin conductance level [SCL]), and behavioral ratings by parents/caregivers. In this pilot feasibility study on 14 children with ASD with comorbid ADHD (~10.28 years SD = 1.93, 3 females), we administered a 24 session-long course of neurofeedback from the AFz site. The protocol used training for wide-band EEG amplitude suppression (“InhibitAll”) with simultaneous upregulation of the index of 40 Hz-centered gamma activity. Quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis at the prefrontal training site was completed for each session of neurofeedback in order to determine the amplitude of the individual bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma), the ratio of the EEG bands of interest (e.g., theta-to-beta ratio [TBR]), and relative power of 40 Hz-centered gamma across neurofeedback sessions. In this study, we analyzed Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), and Achenbach’s ASEBA ratings by caregivers (pre- and posttreatment). We found a significant reduction in Irritability and Hyperactivity subscales of the ABC, decrease of T-score on SRS-2, and decrease in Attention Deficit scores of the ASEBA posttreatment. Successful neurofeedback sessions were featured by the changes in SCL, decreased HR, increased HRV (reflected in decreased LF/HF ratio of HRV and increased RMSSD of HRV), and decreased respiration rate. Profiles of psychophysiological changes during individual sessions and across the whole course of neurofeedback training showed active engagement of participants during training process, resulting in gradual decrease of anxiety markers across the whole course of experimental intervention using prefrontal neurofeedback training. Future research is needed to assess QEEG changes in other topographies using brain mapping, more prolonged courses, and other outcome measures including clinical behavioral evaluations to judge the clinical utility of prefrontal neurofeedback in children with ASD with co-occurring ADHD. The current series support a need to address various factors affecting outcome of neurofeedback-based intervention, specifically the question of length of treatment.
Transitioning to Adulthood with a Rheumatic Disease: A Case-Based Approach for Rheumatology Care Teams

Both pediatric and adult rheumatology care teams play a central role in health care transition, the shift from child- and family-centered to adult-oriented health care. Components of transition preparation include readiness assessment, setting self-management goals, and spending time in clinical visits without a parent present. Pediatric providers and families should work together to create a transfer plan, identifying a new adult rheumatology care provider, providing a medical summary before transfer, and anticipating changes in health insurance. For high-risk transfers, direct communication between providers is recommended. Finally, adult rheumatologists need to build rapport with young adults to support future engagement in care.
The DAP*TECH Partnership: Helping Children with Disabilities Through Technology

Collaborations between universities and the communities they serve are not new. But, often, they have been consultancies more than true collaborations. Sparked by the broadened definition of scholarship articulated by Ernest Boyer (1990) and by public calls for scholarship that addresses the needs of families and communities, outreach is moving from the service entrance to the front door of the academy, and many campus-community collaborations are marked by a new level of reciprocity.
Georgia's wood fuel data base: an integrated information system for biomass energy users

A formula was developed to enable firms to determine the cheapest wood residue fuel available from sawmills, veneer plants, chip mills, furniture manufacturers, and other wood products firms. Two surveys of more than 250 wood-using firms were conducted during 1980 and 1981 to determine the supply and marketing of residues. Overall, and in the southern part of the state, softwood bark was the cheapest fuel (delivery included), but in the north softwood shavings or sawdust were cheapest. The final phase of the analysis entailed development of a microcomputer program that would access the data base directly, using reported prices to determine the least-cost fuel within a given radius of any city in the state. Using the program, a feasibility study for a hypothetical firm in SE Georgia indicated that softwood bark was the cheapest fuel in this area. 9 references.
Young Thomas More and the Arts of Liberty: The Arts of Liberty

W hat I s the B est F orm of the R espublica ? A senator is elected by the people to rule; a king attains this end by being born. In the one case blind chance rules; in the other, sound deliberation. Thomas More, Epigram 198/1, 12–13 If perchance wrath were to bring powerful chieftains to war, your nod will promptly put an end to that wrath, such reverence for your sacred majesty have your virtues merited. Thomas More, Coronation Ode for Henry VIII (1509), 19/146–49 We are taught … by the authoritative nod of the laws to subdue our passions, to bridle every lust, to protect our own property, and to keep our thoughts, eyes, and hands off what belongs to others. Cicero, De Oratore 1.194 In every human being, “reason ought to reign like a king,” and in every respublica , “sound deliberation” is the best way to rule. So we saw in Chapter 7. If that were true, a nation could be ruled “by the authoritative nod of the laws” – wisely, freely, without violence. Yet, is that not utopian? Is that not utterly impossible? Certainly it is, without a nation's education in the arts of liberty, which are the work of deliberative reason. At their best, those arts have given rise to good customs and good fashionings of law that protect self-governing and free citizens: fashionings such as private property, money, and contracts; fashionings that are grounded in a careful and extensive study of the human soul and the universe. So Cicero and More argued.
Early Islam - Monotheism or henotheism? A view from the court

This article employs sources produced by people who worked at the Abbasid court in order to expose a tension in early Islamic society between two systems of sacrility. An emerging monotheism was promoted by pious elders (mashāyikh) and ascetics (nussāk), which gave power and authority to one absolute deity, Allāh. The court, and most members of society, favored an older system, henotheism, which championed the sacrility of leadership archetypes, the king, sultan, saint, and master-teacher, while tolerating the emerging new sacredness of the One. The latter system enjoyed familiarity since ancient times in the Near East and vested nearly all leadership roles in society with a measure of sacred power and authority, hence adding to the stability of Abbasid hierarchy. Here, I examine three major practices at the court for generating sacrility, including praise hymns (madīh) in honor of great men, palace space-usage and architecture, as well as bacchic culture, which all privileged the caliph and his subordinates. The implications of symbol usage extend far beyond the court since underlings appropriated it in seeking rank and status by emulating their superiors.
SU-E-I-06: Measurement of Skin Dose from Dental Cone-Beam CT Scans.

Purpose: To directly measure skin dose using point‐dosimeters from dental cone‐beam CT(CBCT) scans. To compare the results among three different dental CBCTscanners and compare the CBCT results with those from a conventional panoramic and cephalomic dental imaging system. Methods: A head anthropomorphic phantom was used with nanoDOT dosimeters attached to specified anatomic landmarks of selected radiosensitive tissues of interest. To ensure reliable measurement results, three dosimeters were used for each location. The phantom was scanned under various modes of operation and scan protocols for typical dental exams on three dental CBCT systems plus a conventional dental imaging system. The Landauer OSLnanoDOT dosimeters were calibrated under the same imaging condition as the head phantom scan protocols, and specifically for each of the imaging systems. Using nanoDOT dosimeters, skin doses at several positions on the surface of an adult head anthropomorphic phantom were measured for clinical dental imaging.Results: The measured skin doses ranged from 0.04 to 4.62mGy depending on dosimeter positions and imaging systems. The highest dose location was at the parotid surface for all three CBCTscanners. The surface doses to the locations of the eyes were ∼4.0mGy, well below the 500mGy threshold for possibly causing cataract development. The results depend on x‐ray tube output (kVp and mAs) and also are sensitive to SFOV. Comparing to the conventional dental imaging system operated in panoramic and cephalometric modes, doses from all three CBCT systems were at least an order of magnitude higher. No image artifact was caused by presence of nanoDOT dosimeters in the head phantom images.Conclusions: Direct measurements of skin dose using nanoDOT dosimeters provided accurate skin dose values without any image artifacts. The results of skin dose measurements serve as dose references in guiding future dose optimization efforts in dental CBCTimaging.
Heterogeneity and Flow in Biological Networks and Implications for Cargo Transport

Single molecule experiments have measured stall forces and procession rates of molecular motors on isolated cytoskeletal fibers in Newtonian fluids. But in the cell, these motors are transporting cargo through a highly complex cytoskeletal network. To compare these single molecule results to the forces exerted by motors within the cell, an evaluation of the response of the cytoskeletal network is needed. Using magnetic tweezers, we quantify force-velocity curves for magnetic beads moving through entangled F-actin networks [12 uM]. Below a certain critical force, we see an elastic response with a plateau indicating a shear modulus of 0.1 Pa, comparable to bulk rheological measurements. Above this critical force we find a viscous response with a viscosity of approximately 0.3 Pa.s. The exact value of the critical force ranges from roughly 6-14 pN, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of the network. This non-Newtonian force-velocity relationship, as well as the considerable heterogeneity in the network response, suggests the local cytoskeletal environment is an important factor when considering cargo transport inside the cell.
Broadband Spectral Change: Evidence for a Macroscale Correlate of Population Firing Rate?

In [1972, Brindley and Craggs][1] measured the electric potential from the surface of the baboon brain using a 1-mm-diameter electrode. They found that the power in the 80–250 Hz frequency range of the electric potential time series was dynamically increased in motor areas during movement. Sites 2