cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Job Involvement/Organizational Commitment Interaction Effect on Salespersons’ Turnover

It has been hypothesized that the interaction of job involvement and organizational commitment would be significant in explaining turnover cognitions. Data here partially supports this notion. Organizational commitment alone, however, explained about half the variance while the interaction term generally explained less than 3%. Sixteen covariates (analyzed as a group) were added to the analysis and explained 39% to 43% of the variance with organizational commitment falling to the 10–12% range. Organizational commitment was again significant in almost all cases while job involvement and the interaction term’s results were mixed. Organizational commitment still appears to be the best predictor of intention to turnover.
Infantile Onset Myasthenia Gravis with MuSK Antibodies

A late infantile case of myasthenia gravis (MG) with anti-muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) high antibody (Ab) titer is reported from Kyushu University, Fukuoka; and Nagasaki University, Japan.
Taste and smell words form an affectively loaded and emotionally flexible part of the English lexicon

ABSTRACTIn brain and behaviour, gustation, and olfaction are closely linked to emotional processing. This paper shows that similarly, words associated with taste and smell, such as “pungent” and “delicious”, are on average more emotionally valenced than words associated with the other senses, such as “beige” (visual) and “echoing” (auditory). Moreover, taste and smell words occur more frequently in emotionally valenced phrases, for example, “fragrant” modifies more emotionally valenced nouns (“fragrant kiss”) than the visual adjective “yellow” (“yellow house”). It is argued that taste and smell words form an affectively loaded part of the English lexicon. Taste and smell words are also shown to be more emotionally flexible in that words such as “sweet” can be combined with both good and bad nouns (“sweet delight” versus “sweet disaster”), much more so than is the case for sensory words for the other modalities. The paper discusses implications for theories of embodied language understanding.
Looking Outward and Inward: The Role of Introspection in Expanding and Consolidating Our Understanding of Diversity

“Well, for you, Sophia, as an African American it would be different compared to a real African who was from Africa…” His words trailed off into some explanation, or maybe I thought they evaporated without completing a thought. I had stopped listening after the words African American. Yes, it is true that I am Black and I speak English with an accent that very few would ever characterize as anything other than American. So, of course, what else could I possibly be? There was not a hint of uncertainty in his assertion. These two words, African American, each by themselves carried some truth about my ethnic background and nationality but together they referred to a culture very different from the one I identified most closely with. My ease with words had permitted me to blend in very well and people had stopped asking about where I was from. Sometimes, this was a good thing. As a physician and especially a psychiatrist, I guarded with great care the space my patients’ work occupied and I was wary of my own identity becoming too entangled in it. But this time, it simply was not a good thing. He was not a patient. He was a physician who was also very well versed in cultural diversity and had traveled quite extensively. How was this possible? And what does it mean to be a “real” African? I have had a number of patients, completely unaware of my ethnic background, tell me how relieved they were since they had had a difficult relationship with their previous physicians who were “not from here.” I was thought to be from Tennessee, Florida, or Kentucky, among other states. And, given my last name, surely even if my parents were foreigners, my supervisors and patients frequently thought I was likely born in the USA.
MODELS OF CELL KINETICS AND THE ESTIMATION OF MACROMOLECULAR SYNTHESIS RATES

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the models of cell kinetics and the estimation of macromolecular synthesis rates. Cell kinetics is the study of the growth characteristics of a population of cells. Experimentally, it is found that the reproductive cycle may be divided into four biochemically distinct phases. Each phase has specific biochemical processes and transit times, in addition to peculiar properties and characteristic sensitivity to various drugs and radiation. It is this dynamic multiphase character that makes the problem interesting biologically and often requires mathematical analysis for understanding and analysis. The study presented in this chapter involves some extensions in the maturity models. In a maturity model, the partial differential equation is derived relating the flow of cells over time between different maturity states. In this representation, time is normal chronological time, but maturity is some measure of physiological age of the cell.
Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS): secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) has been widely used and has proven to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with life in diverse population groups, however, research on satisfaction with life and validation of different measuring instruments in Mexican adults is still lacking. The objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in a representative sample of Mexican adults. This is a methodological study to evaluate a satisfaction with life scale in a sample of 13,220 Mexican adults 50 years of age or older from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study. The scale’s reliability (internal consistency) was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha and inter-item correlations. An exploratory factor analysis was also performed. Known-groups validity was evaluated comparing good-health and bad-health participants. Comorbidity, perceived financial situation, self-reported general health, depression symptoms, and social support were included to evaluate the validity between these measures and the total score of the scale using Spearman’s correlations. The analysis of the scale’s reliability showed good internal consistency (α = 0.74). The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of a unique factor structure that explained 54% of the variance. SWLS was related to depression, perceived health, financial situation, and social support, and these relations were all statistically significant (P < .01). There was significant difference in life satisfaction between the good- and bad-health groups. Results show good internal consistency and construct validity of the SWLS. These results are comparable with results from previous studies. Meeting the study’s objective to validate the scale, the results show that the Spanish version of the SWLS is a reliable and valid measure of satisfaction with life in the Mexican context.
Graft versus host disease: what should the oculoplastic surgeon know?

Purpose of review To provide a concise review of the oculoplastic manifestations of ocular graft versus host disease (GVHD), and to discuss their management. Recent findings Ocular GVHD occurs as a common immune-mediated complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that presents as a Stevens-Johnson-like syndrome in the acute phase or a Sjogren-like syndrome in the chronic phase. Cicatricial conjunctivitis may be underreported in ocular GVHD. The spectrum of oculoplastic manifestations includes GVHD of the skin, cicatricial entropion, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and lacrimal gland dysfunction. Surgical treatment is indicated for patients with significant corneal complications from entropion. Surgical approach to repair of nasolacrimal duct obstruction is presented in this review, including modified approaches for treating patients at risk for keratitis sicca. Management of the ocular graft versus host patient may require a multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration from the oculoplastic surgeon, the corneal specialist, and the stem cell transplant physician. Summary Oculoplastic manifestations of ocular GVHD typically present as cicatricial changes in the eyelid and lacrimal system. Careful oculoplastic and corneal evaluation are necessary when considering surgical management for the ocular GVHD patient.
The Effect of Emotional Cues from the NFL on Wikipedia Contributions

Exploiting evidence that sporting results affect fans' mood, we analyze whether National Football League game outcomes can affect the contributions of Wikipedia editors who identify as fans of a specific team. We find that the day after a team loses, their fans decrease their contributions towards football-related pages (relative to after a win). Relative decreases are bigger if losses are unexpected, or if losing margins are big. In contrast, unexpected wins do not cause more contributions relative to wins that were not unexpected. Neither do big wins result in more contributions relative to small wins. Additionally, contributions to non-football-related pages are not affected by NFL game results. Our findings add to the literatures on (i) the determinants of individual contributions to peer production communities, (ii) how community dynamics affect user contributions, (iii) the importance of emotions, (iv) the effect of offline events on online behavior, and (v) the applicability of behavioral economics concepts to the HCI literature.
Perspectives on the future of cybersecurity education

As the worldwide demand for cybersecurity-trained professionals continues to grow, the need to understand and define what cybersecurity education really means at the college or university level. Given the relative infancy of these efforts to define undergraduate cybersecurity programs, the panelists will present different perspectives on how such programs can be structured. They will then engage with the audience to explore additional viewpoints on cybersecurity, and work toward a shared understanding of undergraduate cybersecurity programs.
Improved Road Network Reconstruction using Discrete Morse Theory

With the rapid growth of publicly available GPS traces, robust and efficient automatic road network reconstruction has become a crucial task in GIS data analysis and applications. In [20], an effective and robust road network reconstruction algorithm was developed based on the discrete Morse theory, which has the state-of-the-art performance in automatic road-network reconstruction. Based on a discrete Morse-based graph reconstruction framework, we provide two improvements of the previous algorithm [20]: (1) we further simplify it and obtain a better empirical time performance; and (2) we develop a simple but effective editing strategy that helps adding missing road segments in the output reconstruction.
“Your Vagina Is Not Supposed to Be This Scary Monster”: Young Heterosexual Women's Recommendations for Improving Sexual Satisfaction and Implications for Sexuality Education

Sexual satisfaction is an important component of sexuality, yet rarely discussed in sexuality education. In an effort to better understand young adult women's experiences and thoughts about sexual ...
Exploring substance use and impaired driving among adults aged 21 years and older in the United States, 2015.

Introduction: Alcohol- or drug-impaired driving can cause motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and death. Estimates of drug-impaired driving are difficult to obtain. This study explores self-reported p...
Antitrypanosomal activity of camptothecin analogs. Structure-activity correlations.

Abstract African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei species) are parasitic protozoa that cause lethal diseases in humans and cattle. Previous studies showed that camptothecin, a potent and specific inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I, is cytotoxic to African trypanosomes and related pathogenic hemoflagellates (Bodley AL and Shapiro TA, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA92: 3726–3730, 1995). In this study, a series of camptothecin analogs was tested against axenically cultured, bloodstream form, T. brucei. Modifications to the pentacyclic nucleus of camptothecin ablated antiparasitic activity. In contrast, activity could be increased by substituents added to the parent ring system (e.g. 10,11-methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy groups; alkyl additions to carbon 7; or 9-amino or 9-chloro substituents). Cytotoxicity was correlated with the level of cleavable complexes in trypanosomes, implicating topoisomerase I as the intracellular target for these compounds. To obtain some indication of selective toxicity, ten compounds were also tested against L1210 mouse leukemia cells. The 9-substituted-10, 11-methylenedioxy analogs caused a disproportionate increase in antiparasitic activity, compared with mammalian cell toxicity. These findings provide a basis for designing further structural modifications and for selecting camptothecin analogs to test in animal models of trypanosomiasis.
SIMILAR MOTION OF n-DEGREE OF FREEDOM NONLINEAR VIBRATING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT A chain of n masses, equal or not, interconnected by nonlinear springs is examined. Conditions for similar motion of vibrating systems are derived and their satisfaction by different classes of conservative systems is investigated. “Similar motion” s defined. If similar motion can occur, it corresponds to a straight line (linear trajectory) in the configuration space (the space whose n orthogonal coordinates are the displacements of the n masses). Since the systems considered are conservative, all solutions must satisfy the Principle of Least Action and its Euler-Lagrange equations. The solutions of these Euler-Lagrange equations define a trajectory in the configuration space, thus reducing the problem to one of geometry. If the trajectory is linear, the Euler-Lagrange equations assume a simple form. The form is further simplified if the coordinates of the configuration space are rotated and translated so that one axis coincides with the linear trajectory. Hence, if the linear trajectories exist, it is necessary that the Euler-Lagrange equations can be so simplified; it is sufficient that the rotation and translation be real. Using this approach it is shown that many classes of systems can vibrate with similar motion providing certain requirements or restrictions are satisfied.
Equilibrium National Income and Financial Balances in a Keynesian World

The question is simplicity itself. Consider, for instance, Fig. 11.1, which shows us the ups and downs of US economic growth since 1972:
Referring Unaccompanied Minors to Psychiatric Residential Treatment: When is it Worth the Disruption to Adaptation and Shelter Integration?

One of the greatest dilemmas facing clinicians who provide psychological services to recently immigrated, unaccompanied minors is when to refer children out of the immigration shelter-based treatme...
MANAGEMENT OF ANTICOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE AND VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BEFORE SCREENING COLONOSCOPY: IS BRIDGING THERAPY ALWAYS NECESSARY?

The periendoscopic management of anticoagulation (AC) in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation and history of embolic stroke is an area of uncertainty. Despite the availability of some guideline recommendations, the decision regarding bridging AC is usually at the discretion of the physician.
Study of Interactions in the CuInS2-FeS System

The CuInS2-FeS section of the ternary Cu2S-In2S3-FeS system has been studied by means of differential thermal, X-ray diffraction, and microstructural analyses; microhardness and density of the samples have been also measured. This eutectic-type section has been identified as a quasi-binary section of the ternary system.
From sectors to speckles: The impact of long-range migration on gene surfing

Range expansions lead to distinctive patterns of genetic variation in populations, even in the absence of selection. These patterns and their genetic consequences have been well-studied for populations advancing through successive short-ranged migration events. However, most populations harbor some degree of long-range dispersal, experiencing rare yet consequential migration events over arbitrarily long distances. Although dispersal is known to strongly affect spatial genetic structure during range expansions, the resulting patterns and their impact on neutral diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically study the consequences of long-range dispersal on patterns of neutral variation during range expansion in a class of dispersal models which spans the extremes of local (effectively short-ranged) and global (effectively well-mixed) migration. We find that sufficiently long-ranged dispersal leaves behind a mosaic of monoallelic patches, whose number and size are highly sensitive to the distribution of dispersal distances. We develop a coarse-grained model which connects statistical features of these spatial patterns to the evolution of neutral diversity during the range expansion. We show that growth mechanisms that appear qualitatively similar can engender vastly different outcomes for diversity: depending on the tail of the dispersal distance distribution, diversity can either be preserved (i.e. many variants survive) or lost (i.e. one variant dominates) at long times. Our results highlight the impact of spatial and migratory structure on genetic variation during processes as varied as range expansions, species invasions, epidemics, and the spread of beneficial mutations in established populations.
This POLST Makes No Sense

A patient with end-stage dementia presents in distress with an ambiguous POLST form. An out-of-state son insists on “doing everything.” Learn an effective strategy for a modified goals of care conversation with an emotional out-of-state family.
A new species of planarian flatworm from Mexico: Girardia guanajuatiensis

Background Planarian flatworms are best known for their impressive regenerative capacity, yet this trait varies across species. In addition, planarians have other features that share morphology and function with the tissues of many other animals, including an outer mucociliary epithelium that drives planarian locomotion and is very similar to the epithelial linings of the human lung and oviduct. Planarians occupy a broad range of ecological habitats and are known to be sensitive to changes in their environment. Yet, despite their potential to provide valuable insight to many different fields, very few planarian species have been developed as laboratory models for mechanism-based research. Results Here we describe a previously undocumented planarian species, Girardia guanajuatiensis (G.gua). After collecting this species from a freshwater habitat in central Mexico, we characterized it at the morphological, cellular, and molecular level. We show that G.gua shares features with animals in the Girardia genus but also possesses traits that appear unique to this species. Conclusion Species comparisons are a powerful tool for dissecting both genotype to phenotype and ecology and evolution relationships. By thoroughly characterizing a new planarian species, our work facilitates future species comparisons as well as the molecular dissection of specific G.gua traits.
A Bio-derived Char Forming Flame Retardant Additive for Nylon 6 Based on Crosslinked Tannic Acid

Abstract Nylon is one of the most important engineering polymers used in textile, electronics, and automotive applications. In addition to good mechanical properties, flame retardancy is desirable in these applications. Nylon is typically processed at high temperatures and very few non-toxic synthetic flame-retardant (FR) additives are stable at these temperatures. Tannic acid (TA) - a naturally occurring polyphenol, has low heat release capacity (HRC) and good char forming capabilities but is not thermally stable and starts to degrade at the processing temperature of thermoplastics such as Nylon. Here we report the use of chemically modified TA (TAT) as a more stable char forming FR additive for Nylon. Upon thermal degradation, Nylon 6 blends containing 15 wt% TAT exhibit consistently lower peak heat release rate (pHRR) (52% reduction) and HRC (36% reduction) combined with enhanced char yield (about 9%). Evolved gas analysis through TGA-FTIR reveals that, in the presence of TAT, some of the primary amide/amine and secondary amide species in Nylon 6 degrade into less flammable moieties like ammonia while aromatic moieties in TAT enhance char formation in the condensed phase, thus reducing flammability. In the lab-scale flame tests, Nylon 6 blends containing 15 wt% TAT exhibited reduced afterflame time and self-extinguishing behavior. The oxygen index of the Nylon 6 - TAT blends also increased from 22% to 25%. This research opens new possibilities for modifying natural polyphenols to create melt-processable FR additives that can enhance char formation and lower HRC of Nylon.
Velocity Constants for Ultrasonic Stress Measurement in Prestressing Tendons

There is currently widespread use of high-strength steel tendons for prestressing and post-tensioning of concrete structures and as suspension cables for long-span bridges. Tendons normally consist of one or more seven-wire, helically wound steel strands or solid rods. There are more than 130,000 prestressed bridges in the United States that contain these tendons, and approximately 3,000 new bridges are constructed each year. The prestressing tendons are critical structural elements because the forces in the tendons counteract tensile stresses in the concrete that result from loads acting on a bridge. The tendons are frequently inaccessible for visual inspections and there is currently no accepted nondestructive evaluation technique to assess the condition of these tendons. The goal of this research is to examine ultrasonic stress measurement techniques for the condition assessment of prestressing tendons. This information could be used to compare the actual force in the tendon with its design values to determine if the tendon is performing below expectations. The focus of this paper is the characterization of the relationship between ultrasonic wave velocity and stress level in prestressing tendons. Measurements were made to determine constants that relate the change in ultrasonic velocity to the change in stress. The effects of dispersion in prestressing tendons, which act as circular waveguides for ultrasonic waves, are evaluated.
Communicating Correlated Sources Over MAC and Interference Channels II: Joint Source-Channel Coding

We present the second part of our work on communicating correlated sources over multiple access (MAC) and interference channels (IC). Specifically, we undertake a Shannon-theoretic study of the above scenarios and focus on characterizing sufficient conditions for lossless recoverability of the sources at the decoder(s). We enhance the fixed block-length (B-L) coding technique by incorporating the technique of inducing source correlation onto channel inputs, originally discovered by Cover, El Gamal and Salehi. In contrast to the first part, performance analysis of a joint source-channel decoder poses new challenges. We enhance the earlier developed suite of coding and analytical tools to overcome these challenges and derive (simplified) single-letter characterizations for a new set of sufficient conditions for both scenarios. For both the MAC and IC problems, the derived sufficient conditions are (i) subsumed in the current known tightest, and (ii) strictly weaker for identified examples. Lastly, we propose simple ‘plug-in’ approaches that can further weaken the derived sufficient conditions. Our findings enable us to subsume Dueck’s findings (1981) and go even further for the example considered therein.
Engaging Family Medicine Residents in a Structured Patient Panel Reassignment Process.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The patient panels of graduating residents must be reassigned by the end of residency. This process affects over 1 million patients annually within the specialty of family medicine. The purpose of this project was to implement a structured, year-end reassignment system in a family medicine residency program. METHODS: Our structured reassignment process took place from December 2017 through June 2020. Panel lists of current, active patients were generated and residents were responsible for reassigning their own panels during a panel reassignment night. We created a tip sheet that addressed patient complexity and continuity, a risk stratification algorithm based on patients' medical and social complexity, and a tool that tracked the number of patients assigned to each future provider. Outcome measures included a resident satisfaction survey administered in 2018-2020 and patient-provider continuity measured with a run chart from December 2016 through August 2020. RESULTS: The resident survey response rate was 75%. Seventy-three percent felt the panel reassignment night was very helpful; 87% thought the reassignment timeline was extremely reasonable, and 87% indicated that they had the necessary information to reassign their patients. Residents also felt confident that their patients were reassigned appropriately (33% extremely confident, 67% somewhat confident). Patient continuity improved with a 13-point run above the median, indicating nonrandom variation. Patient continuity remained above the median until the impact of COVID-19 in April 2020. CONCLUSION: Our structured reassignment process was received positively by residents and resulted in improved patient continuity.
Individual alpha peak frequency is slower in schizophrenia and related to deficits in visual perception and cognition

The brain at rest generates cycles of electrical activity that have been shown to be abnormal in people with schizophrenia. The alpha rhythm (~ 10 Hz) is the dominant resting state electrical cycle and each person has a propensity toward a particular frequency of oscillation for this rhythm. This individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF) is hypothesized to be central to visual perceptual processes and may have downstream influences on cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, or problem solving. In the current study we sought to determine whether IAPF was slower in schizophrenia, and whether lower IAPF predicted deficits in visual perception and cognition that are often observed in schizophrenia. Eyes-closed resting state EEG activity, visual attention, and global cognitive functioning were assessed in individuals with schizophrenia (N = 104) and a group of healthy controls (N = 101). Compared to controls, the schizophrenia group showed slower IAPF and was associated with poorer discrimination of visual targets and nontargets on a computerized attention task, as well as impaired global cognition measured using neuropsychological tests across groups. Notably, disruptions in visual attention fully mediated the relationship between IAPF and global cognition across groups. The current findings demonstrate that slower alpha oscillatory cycling accounts for global cognitive deficits in schizophrenia by way of impairments in perceptual discrimination measured during a visual attention task.
Molecular Genetics of Succinate:Quinone Oxidoreductase in Eukaryotes

Succinate:quinone oxidoreductase is a membrane-associated complex in mitochondria, often referred to as complex II, based on the fractionation scheme developed by Y. Hatefi and colleagues. It consists of four peptides, two of which are integral membrane proteins (15 and 12–13 kDa, respectively) and two others that are peripheral membrane proteins, i.e., a flavoprotein (Fp, 70 kDa) and an iron-protein (Ip, 27 kDa). The mature, functional complex contains a cytochrome in association with the membrane proteins, a flavin linked covalently to the largest peptide, and three iron-sulfur clusters in the 27-kDa subunit. The present review touches only briefly on the biochemical and biophysical properties of this complex. Instead, the focus is on the molecular-genetic studies that have become possible since the first genes from eukaryotes were cloned in 1989. The evolutionary conservation of the amino acid sequence of both the Fp and the Ip peptides has facilitated the cloning of these genes from a large variety of eukaryotic organisms by PCR-based methods. The review addresses questions related to the regulation of the expression of these genes, with an emphasis on mammals and yeast, for which most of the information is available. Four different genes have to be co-ordinately regulated. Transcriptional as well as posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms have been observed in diverse organisms. Intriguing observations have been made in studies of this enzyme during the life cycle of organisms existing alternately under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Naturally occurring or induced mutations in these genes have shed light on several questions related to the assembly of this complex, and on the relationship between structure and function. Four different peptides are imported into the mitochondria. They have to be modified, folded, and assembled. The stage is set for the exploration of highly specific changes introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. Until recently the genes were believed to be exclusively nuclear in all eukaryotes, but exceptions have since been found. This finding has relevance in the discussion of the evolution of mitochondria from prokaryotes. A highly conserved set of genes is found in prokaryotes, and some informative comparisons on gene organization and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been included. © 1998 Academic Press
X-ray absorption study of the potassium coordination environment in glasses from the NaAlSi3O8−KAlSi3O8 binary: structural implications for the mixed-alkali effect

Potassium K-EXAFS and XANES measurements were made using synchrotron radiation on selected glasses along the NaAlSi 3 O 8 -KAlSi 3 O 8 (albite-orthoclase) binary to characterize the local structural environment of potassium: Comparison of XANES spectra indicates that the potassium environment in the glasses is more similar to that in crystalline KAlSi 2 O 6 (leucite) than in crystalline KAlSi 3 O 8 (orthoclase) or KNa 3 Al 4 Si 4 O 16 (nepheline). Consequently, the potassium environment in these aluminosilicate glasses were modelled in the analysis of the EXAFS spectra using empirical phase and amplitude parameters for potassium in leucite. The derived K-O bond lengths and coordination numbers exhibit maxima near the composition albite 50 -orthoclase 50 . A model, based on previous theoretical and experimental investigations of crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates and the mixed-alkali effect, is suggested to explain these variations in the local coordination environment of potassium across the binary alkali feldspar glass join.
Interactions of bovine fibrinogen and thrombin: Early events in the development of clot structure

Abstract Interactions which determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen into monomer fibrin and the retention of monomer fibrin in a noncompactible form through interaction with residual fibrinogen (solution stabilization) were examined through the kinetics of formation of equilibrium compactible network at pH 7 and ionic strength 0.15. For studies of conversion, reactions with thrombin were at 29 or 2 °C, hirudin was added at successive times to inhibit thrombin, and compactible network was equilibrated at 2 °C, where solution stabilization is negligible. A substrate dependency of initial rate is interpreted on the basis of inactive complex formation between thrombin and both fibrinogen and monomer fibrin. At 29 or 2 °C specific rate constants are 32 or 2.9 × 10 6 liter/mol, and association constants for inactive complex formation are 5.2 or 2.0 × 10 5 liter/mol. The second peptide-A is removed from fibrinogen ~ 40-fold as rapidly as the first. With equilibration at 29 °C, compactible network does not appear until the solution stabilization ratio of residual fibrinogen/monomer fibrin is four. Thereafter, increasing amounts of compactible network appear. However, the stabilization ratio progressively decreases to approximately two, a situation which indicates the complexity of the stabilization mechanism. The thrombin-hirudin association constant is estimated to be 4.9 or 17 × 10 11 liter/mol at 29 or 2 °C.
A 3d user interface for visualizing neuron location in invertebrate ganglia

Invertebrate nervous systems serve as important models for neuroscience research because they are comprised of relatively small numbers of individually identified neurons. There is no universal means of documenting locations of individual neurons that allows variability between specimens and can be generalized to different species. We present a new technique for visualizing and documenting neuron location. First, we describe a 3D user interface that allows neuroscientists to directly mark neuron locations on a 3D deformable model. A new mapping scheme is proposed that specifies the location of a neuron in a common coordinate system that accommodates the individual variability in size and shape of ganglia.
Low-k materials for microelectronics interconnects

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the low- k materials for microelectronics interconnects, where k is the dielectric constant. Interconnect technology, alongside lithography, is one of the most challenging areas of integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing. Until the late 1980s, most interconnect technology focused on aluminum metal and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) as the insulator. As device dimensions continue to shrink and as power demands decrease, interconnect technology—and more specifically low- k dielectric materials—are experiencing a radical shift in importance. The electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of silicon oxide films are ideal for dielectric applications in integrated circuits (ICs). There are two main techniques of measuring thin films: optical and stylus-based techniques. The identification of the ideal low- k thin-film IC interlevel dielectrics (ILD) continues to be an elusive goal. To be compatible with cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP) for damascene processes, polymer dielectrics must exhibit extraordinary resistance to polar solvents, aqueous oxidizing media, and strong alkaline solutions. When interconnect processing temperatures are substantially reduced—either through low temperature aluminum deposition techniques or perhaps through the electrochemical deposition of copper—many polymers that are attractive but do not exhibit high thermal stability may become important candidates for the IC IMD application.
High Performance Computing, Computational Grid, and Numerical Libraries

In the last 50 years, the field of scientific computing has seen rapid, sweeping changes--in vendors, in architectures, in technologies, and in the users and uses of high-performance computer systems. The evolution of performance over the same 50-year period, however, seems to have been a very steady and continuous process. Moore's law is often cited in this context, and, in fact, a plot of the peak performance of the various computers that could be considered the "supercomputers" of their times clearly shows that this law has held for almost the entire lifespan of modern computing. On average, performance has increased every decade by about two orders of magnitude.Two statements have been consistently true in the realm of computer science: (1) the need for computational power is always greater than what is available at any given point, and (2) to access our resources, we always want the simplest, yet the most complete and easy to use interface possible. With these conditions in mind, researchers have directed considerable attention in recent years to the area of grid computing. The ultimate goal is the ability to plug any and all of our resources into a computational grid and draw from these resources. This is analogous to the electrical power grid, much as we plug our appliances into electrical sockets today.
Communes via Yoneda, from an Elementary Perspective

We present the Yoneda Lemma in terms of categories without explicit reference to the notion of functor. From this perspective we then define a commune as a common generalization of Chu spaces and presheaves, and give some applications.
"Somebody to Count On": Mentor/Intern Relationships in a Beginning Teacher Internship Program.

Abstract The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to illuminate mentor and intern participants' relationships in one state-mandated beginning teacher internship program. We analyzed interview data from 29 mentors and interns using within- and cross-case analysis and generated categories and properties with supporting interview excerpts to show how mentors and interns interpreted and adapted their roles. Findings of the study indicate that mentors and interns jointly construct their relationships; these relationships are undergirded by the respect and trust the two individuals have for each other. Furthermore, interns appear to need mentors who first, and foremost, support them as fledgling teachers. Interns also need mentors who assume flexible roles and who adapt their roles based on interns' needs.
Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting for coronary artery bypass grafting: why men versus women?

In this issue, Kurlansky and co-workers [1] present 15-years of follow-up data on 261 women and 261 computer-matched men undergoing bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations between January 1972 and October 1994. Most of the patients were operated on from 1982 to 1994 and 60% were operated on after 1986. There was no significant difference between the two groups in operative mortality and postoperative complications and at 10 and 15 years in survival of patients discharged from hospital. Also there was no significant difference between the two groups in angina, need for reoperation, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and event-
Implications of bank failures and fluvial erosion for gully development: Field observations and modeling

[1] Gully erosion is most commonly triggered by fluvial erosion following natural and anthropogenic disturbances or as a response to changes in climate and tectonic forcing and base level drop. Field observations attribute the headward growth and widening of many gully systems to gravitational mass-wasting processes of oversteepened sidewalls. Soil saturation, groundwater sapping, and tension crack development contribute to the instability. Recent landscape evolution models treat such mass failures as slope-dependent continuous sediment transport processes, sometimes conditioned on a slope threshold or with nonlinear dependence on slope gradient. In this study we first present an explicit physically based theory for the stability analysis of gully heads and walls. The theory is based on the force balance equation of an assumed planar failure geometry of a steep gully wall, with a potential failure plane dipping into the incised gully bed and tension cracks developing behind the scarp face. Then, we test the theory against field data collected in our field site in Colorado and against other published data. Second, the theory is implemented in a one-dimensional hillslope profile development model and the three-dimensional channel-hillslope integrated landscape development (CHILD) to study the effects of soil cohesion, erosion thresholds, and stochastic climate on the tempo of gully development and morphology. Preliminary results indicate that wider and shallower gullies develop and integrate, forming wide valleys, when soil cohesion is small. As soil cohesion increases, erosion slows down, gullies become deeper with vertical walls, and episodic mass failures occur. Differences in storm intensity-duration characteristics and erosion thresholds are predicted to have a significant impact on gully development. Vertical gully walls develop rapidly, and gullies enlarge by slab failures in a climate characterized by high-intensity, short-duration storm pulses. However, under low-intensity, long-duration storms, gullies quickly stabilize, and vertical walls are eliminated and rounded, forming diffusion-dominated hilltops. Erosion thresholds have a similar impact on the tempo of gully erosion but in the opposite direction. Lowering the erosion threshold enhances gully widening by slab failures. Gully walls stabilize when the erosion threshold is high due to a reduction in the erosion of the failure material on the toe of gully walls.
Evidence that actomyosin cross bridges contribute to "passive" tension in detrusor smooth muscle.

Contraction of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) at short muscle lengths generates a stiffness component we termed adjustable passive stiffness (APS) that is retained in tissues incubated in a Ca2+-free solution, shifts the DSM length-passive tension curve up and to the left, and is softened by muscle strain and release (strain softened). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that APS is due to slowly cycling actomyosin cross bridges. APS and active tension produced by the stimulus, KCl, displayed similar length dependencies with identical optimum length values. The myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin relaxed active tension maintained during a KCl-induced contraction and the passive tension maintained during stress-relaxation induced by muscle stretch in a Ca2+-free solution. Passive tension was attributed to tension maintaining rather than tension developing cross bridges because tension did not recover after a rapid 10% stretch and release as it did during a KCl-induced contraction. APS generated by a KCl-induced contraction in intact tissues was preserved in tissues permeabilized with Triton X-100. Blebbistatin and the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin-B reduced the degree of APS generated by a KCl-induced contraction. The degree of APS generated by KCl was inhibited to a greater degree than was the peak KCl-induced tension by rhoA kinase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. These data support the hypothesis that APS is due to slowly cycling actomyosin cross bridges and suggest that cross bridges may play a novel role in DSM that uniquely serves to ensure proper contractile function over an extreme working length range.
“Cultivated Folks” and the “Better Classes”: Class Conflict and Representation in Early American Film

(1987). “Cultivated Folks” and the “Better Classes”: Class Conflict and Representation in Early American Film. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 15, The Silent Cinema, pp. 120-128.
Genomic imprinting, sex-biased dispersal, and social behavior.

: Some genes carry a record of the sex of the gene's carrier in the previous generation that influences the gene's expression in this generation. This additional information can result in intragenomic conflicts between an individual's maternally and paternally derived alleles over behaviors that affect relatives with whom the individual has different degrees of maternal and paternal relatedness. Asymmetries of relatedness can arise because of sex-biased dispersal. For example, if females remain in their natal group and males disperse, female members of a group will all be matrilineal relatives, but may have unrelated fathers. Sex-linked inheritance creates an evolutionary bias in favor of social groups that trace descent through the homogametic sex. This bias has a positive and negative aspect. The positive aspect is increased relatedness among siblings of the homogametic sex. The negative aspect is the lack of sex-linked relatedness between parents and offspring of the heterogametic sex.
Free Convection Between Vertical Plates With Periodic Heat Input

Electric and electronic panels are often cooled by free convection. In some cases the current is periodic due to on-off control mechanisms or due to partially rectified a-c voltage. Periodic heat input of a single vertical plate with no edges was investigated by Menold and Yang and Schetz and Eichhorn. Others have studied the effect on boundary layer development, also on a single plate. The present note address the fully developed convection between two periodically heated parallel plates. Fully developed fow, occurring at small Rayleigh numbers is becoming more common due to the trend in miniaturization of the panels.
Multiple internal rotation in oxalic acid

Abstract Internal rotation in oxalic acid was investigated at the HF/SCF level using a 6–31G∗∗ basis set. This molecule has three bonds about which internal rotation could potentially occur. Internal rotation potentials for a series of geometry optimized conformers representing rotation about these bonds were determined. These potentials have been interpreted and compared. The results suggest that multiple internal rotation does play a significant role in oxalic acid.
Antinociception occurs with a reversal in α2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production by peripheral monocytes/macrophages from pro-to anti-inflammatory

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) plays a role in neuropathic pain. During neuropathic pain development in the chronic constriction injury model, elevated TNF levels in the brain occur in association with enhanced alpha 2-adrenoceptor inhibition of norepinephrine release. alpha 2-Adrenoceptors are also located on peripheral macrophage where they normally function as pro-inflammatory, since they increase the production of the cytokine TNF, a proximal mediator of inflammation. How the central increase in TNF affects peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptor function was investigated. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats had four loose ligatures placed around the right sciatic nerve. Thermal hyperalgesia was determined by comparing hind paw withdrawal latencies between chronic constriction injury and sham-operated rats. Chronic constriction injury increased TNF immunoreactivity at the lesion and the hippocampus. Amitriptyline, an antidepressant that is used as an analgesic, was intraperitoneally administered (10 mg/kg) starting simultaneous with ligature placement (day-0) or at days-4 or -6 post-surgery. Amitriptyline treatment initiated at day-0 or day-4 post-ligature placement alleviated hyperalgesia. When initiated at day-0, amitriptyline prevented increased TNF immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and at the lesion. A peripheral inflammatory response, macrophage production of TNF, was also assessed in the current study. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of TNF by whole blood cells and peritoneal macrophages was determined following activation of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor in vitro. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production from peripheral immune-effector cells reversed from potentiation in controls to inhibition in chronic constriction injured rats. This effect is accelerated with amitriptyline treatment initiated at day-0 or day-4 post-ligature placement. Amitriptyline treatment initiated day-6 post-ligature placement did not alleviate hyperalgesia and prevented the switch from potentiation to inhibition in alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production. Recombinant rat TNF i.c.v. microinfusion reproduces the response of peripheral macrophages from rats with chronic constriction injury. A reversal in peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production from pro- to anti-inflammatory is associated with effective alleviation of thermal hyperalgesia. Thus, alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation of peripheral TNF production may serve as a potential biomarker to evaluate therapeutic regimens.