cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of Supply Chains Optimization and Coordination Model Based on Conditional Value-at-Risk

In this paper we introduce the financial risk control tool,the conditional value-at-risk,to study risk-averse supply chains optimization and coordination mechanism problem.First,for a two-echelon supply chain with a risk-averse supplier and risk-averse retailer,we construct the conditional value-at-risk model,the optimal ordering quantity model and the revenue-sharing contract model based on CVaR under ramdom demand.Then,we analyze the model and reveal the impact of risk aversion on supply chains coordination,the optimal ordering quantity and the trade price decisions.Finally,we have also given numerical results to verify the conclusions presented in this paper.
Efficient and High-Order Explicit Local Time Stepping on Moving DG Spectral Element Meshes

We outline and extend results for an explicit local time stepping (LTS) strategy designed to operate with the discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method (DGSEM). The LTS procedure is derived from Adams-Bashforth multirate time integration methods. The new results of the LTS method focus on parallelization and reformulation of the LTS integrator to maintain conservation. Discussion is focused on a moving mesh implementation, but the procedures remain applicable to static meshes. In numerical tests, we demonstrate the strong scaling of a parallel, LTS implementation and compare the scaling properties to a parallel, global time stepping (GTS) Runge-Kutta implementation. We also present time-step refinement studies to show that the redesigned, conservative LTS approximations are spectrally accurate in space and have design temporal accuracy.
The Carlylean Dilemma: The Riddle of Destiny

How can one account, then, for the ‘failure’ of the Sage of Chelsea to convince his readers of the validity of his vision? Why did he resort, finally, to writing latter-day pamphlets instead of essays in the vein of Sartor Resartus? The answer lies, it would seem, in his inability wholly to convince himself and others of his belief in the primacy of either the ‘natural’ or the ‘supernatural’. Each seemed to have equal claim; neither could assert any kind of final proof over the other. The sky and the earth were everywhere evident, and, like so many of his followers, Carlyle simply could not fully reject one or the other. True, he professed his belief in a unified universe, and his assertive image seemed to convey this faith; in the final analysis, however, he could not come down unquestioningly on one side or the other. He refused to, or could not, answer the riddle of the Sphinx.
Computer Age Statistical Inference: Algorithms, Evidence, and Data Science

The twenty-first century has seen a breathtaking expansion of statistical methodology, both in scope and in influence. 'Big data', 'data science', and 'machine learning' have become familiar terms in the news, as statistical methods are brought to bear upon the enormous data sets of modern science and commerce. How did we get here? And where are we going? This book takes us on an exhilarating journey through the revolution in data analysis following the introduction of electronic computation in the 1950s. Beginning with classical inferential theories - Bayesian, frequentist, Fisherian - individual chapters take up a series of influential topics: survival analysis, logistic regression, empirical Bayes, the jackknife and bootstrap, random forests, neural networks, Markov chain Monte Carlo, inference after model selection, and dozens more. The distinctly modern approach integrates methodology and algorithms with statistical inference. The book ends with speculation on the future direction of statistics and data science.
Uncertainty and Expectations

Expectations about the future are critical in economics, and they have long been central to the Post Keynesian construction of economics. We have already seen evidence of this in Chapter 5 which dealt with the Keynesian theory of aggregate supply. It is only by an appeal to belief in a future that we can begin to explain why agents engage in activities such as saving and investment, why they are willing to make loans, and why they are willing to accept intrinsically worthless money in exchange for goods and services. The future would therefore be critical even if it were known with complete certitude, but the fact that it is known only with uncertainty, if it is known at all, makes its representation and effects even more important.
Societal Acceptance of Controversial Facilities: The Role of Two Public Participation Strategies—Negotiation and Risk Communication

Public participation in decision making about the siting of controversial facilities is viewed in contradictory ways by different groups of people. Some see public participation as an impediment, while others think it is an important mechanism in gaining societal acceptance for eventual siting. This paper discusses two strategies for obtaining societal acceptance — negotiation and risk communication — in light of the extent to which they (1) involve members of the public; (2) focus on risk-related issues; and (3) contribute to decisions to site controversial facilities. The paper presents an integrated conceptual model for public participation in siting decisions that incorporates risk as well as social, political, and historical contexts.
Asset-Based Community Maps: A Tool for Expanding Resources in Community Health Programs:

Community asset mapping is an essential tool for emerging public health professionals who seek to engage communities in working collaboratively to identify existing resources already available in t...
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as first-line surgical treatment for morbid obesity among adolescents.

Abstract Background The increasing prevalence of obesity has necessitated the increasing use of bariatric surgery in the adolescent population. Outcomes following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) among adolescents, however, have not been well-studied. We report outcomes following LSG as a first-line surgical therapy in patients under 21years of age. Methods All patients who underwent LSG as a primary surgical option for morbid obesity were identified at the University of Illinois at Chicago between 2006 and 2014. Standard clinicopathologic and outcomes data were recorded. Results We identified 18 patients (13 females, 5 males) who underwent LSG. Mean patient age was 17.8±1.7years. Mean BMI among all patients was 48.6±7.2kg/m 2 and did not differ by gender ( P =0.68). One patient (5.6%) experienced a 30-day perioperative complication (pulmonary embolism). Median LOS following LSG was 3days (IQR: 2, 3). 2 patients (11.1%) were readmitted within 30-days because of feeding intolerance that resolved without invasive intervention. At a median follow-up of 10.6 (range: 0–38) months, percent excess weight loss (%EWL) among all patients was 35.6%. Among patients with at least 2years follow-up (n=3), %EWL was 50.2%. Conclusions Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese adolescents is a safe and feasible option. Short- and long-term weight loss appears to be successful following LSG. As such, LSG should be strongly considered as a primary surgical treatment option for all morbidly obese adolescents. Level of evidence Level IV.
Construction of Supramolecular Organic Frameworks Based on Noria and Bipyridine Type Spacers

Among the class of porous crystalline materials, supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) have proven to be of great importance due to their potential applications in gas sorption/separation, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Herein, we present construction and characterization of two novel SOFs based on a large macrocyclic compound, noria, and linker molecules such as 4,4′-bypyridine and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. Use of bipyridine type spacer molecules can partially or completely replace typical O–H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds between noria molecules by O–H···N interactions. Due to the moderate length difference, the two spacer molecules lead to the assembly of 1D chains and 2D networks, respectively.
Automated synthesis of compact crossbars for sneak-path based in-memory computing

The rise of data-intensive computational loads has exposed the processor-memory bottleneck in Von Neumann architectures and has reinforced the need for in-memory computing using devices such as memristors. Existing literature on computing Boolean formula using sneak-paths in nanoscale memristor crossbars has only focussed on short Boolean formula. There are two open questions: (i) Can one synthesize sneak-path based crossbars for computing large Boolean formula? (ii) What is the size of a memristor crossbar that can compute a given Boolean formula using sneak paths? In this paper, we make progress on both these problems. First, we show that the number of rows and columns required to compute a Boolean formula is at most linear in the size of the Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagram representing the Boolean function. Second, we demonstrate how Boolean Decision Diagrams can be used to synthesize nanoscale crossbars that can compute a given Boolean formula using naturally occurring sneak paths. In particular, we synthesize large logical circuits such as 128-bit adders for the first-time using sneak-path based crossbar computing.
Association of Increased F4/80high Macrophages With Suppression of Serum-Transfer Arthritis in Mice With Reduced FLIP in Myeloid Cells.

Objective: Macrophages are critical in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We recently demonstrated that FLIP (FLICE-like inhibitory protein) is necessary for the differentiation and/or survival of macrophages. We also identified that FLIP is highly expressed in RA synovial macrophages. This study was performed to determine if the reduction of Flip in macrophages would reduce synovial tissue macrophages and ameliorate serum transfer induced arthritis (STIA). Methods: Mice with Flip deleted in myeloid cells (Flipf/fLysMc/+ mice) and littermate controls were employed. STIA was induced by intraperitoneal injection of K/BxN serum. Arthritis was evaluated by clinical score and change in thickness of the ankles. Joints were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry. Cells were isolated from the ankles and bone marrow and examined by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR or Western blot. Results: In contrast to expectations, Flipf/fLysMc/+ mice developed more severe arthritis early in the clinical course, however the peak arthritis was attenuated and the resolution phase more complete. Prior to the induction of STIA, tissue resident macrophages were reduced. Further at day 9 post arthritis induction the number of F4/80hi macrophages in the joints of the Flipf/fLysMc/+ mice was not decreased, but increased. Flip was reduced in the F4/80hi macrophages in the ankles of the Flipf/fLysMc/+ mice, while F4/80hi population expressed an anti-inflammatory phenotype in both the Flipf/fLysMc/+ and control mice. Conclusions: These observations suggest that reduction of FLIP in macrophages, by increasing the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages, may be an effective therapeutic approach to suppress inflammation, depending upon the disease stage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Clinical indications for spinal cord stimulation

Abstract As a form of neuromodulation, spinal cord stimulation can be used with great efficacy in treating chronic pain symptoms. However, careful consideration in choosing the correct patient is important in ensuring maximal pain relief, and ultimate success of the spinal cord stimulator. The most common indication for spinal cord stimulation in the United States is failed back surgery syndrome. Other indications for spinal cord stimulator placement include complex regional pain syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, refractory angina, and painful diabetic neuropathy.
N-Alkylated Analogs of 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) Differentially Affect Monoamine Transporters and Abuse Liability

Clandestine chemists synthesize novel stimulant drugs by exploiting structural templates known to target monoamine transporters for dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin (DAT, NET, and SERT, respectively). 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) is an emerging drug of abuse that interacts with transporters, but limited structure-activity data are available for its analogs. Here we employed uptake and release assays in rat brain synaptosomes, voltage-clamp current measurements in cells expressing transporters, and calcium flux assays in cells coexpressing transporters and calcium channels to study the effects of increasing N-alkyl chain length of 4-MA on interactions at DAT, NET, and SERT. In addition, we performed intracranial self-stimulation in rats to understand how the chemical modifications affect abuse liability. All 4-MA analogs inhibited uptake at DAT, NET, and SERT, but lengthening the amine substituent from methyl to ethyl, propyl, and butyl produced a stepwise decrease in potency. N-methyl 4-MA was an efficacious substrate-type releaser at DAT that evoked an inward depolarizing current and calcium influx, whereas other analogs did not exhibit these effects. N-methyl and N-ethyl 4-MA were substrates at NET, whereas N-propyl and N-butyl 4-MA were not. All analogs acted as SERT substrates, though N-butyl 4-MA had very weak effects. Intracranial self-stimulation in rats showed that elongating the N-alkyl chain decreased abuse-related effects in vivo that appeared to parallel reductions in DAT activity. Overall, converging lines of evidence show that lengthening the N-alkyl substituent of 4-MA reduces potency to inhibit transporters, eliminates substrate activity at DAT and NET, and decreases abuse liability of the compounds.
Measurement of Hyperglycemia and Impact on Health Outcomes in People With Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities.

Problem identification Poor health outcomes have been associated with hyperglycemia in patients with and without diabetes. However, the impact of hyperglycemia on the health-related outcomes of patients with cancer has shown conflicting results. The purpose of this review was to explore definitions and measurement issues related to the assessment of hyperglycemia and the subsequent impact on the findings of health-related outcomes in adults with cancer. . Literature search Four electronic databases were searched. Data evaluation A total of 30 articles were reviewed. Quantitative articles were synthesized using integrative review strategies. . Synthesis Three key gaps were identified in the literature. Conclusions This review highlights the inconsistencies in measuring or assessing hyperglycemia and the lack of standardized guidelines in treating hyperglycemia. Failure to have a standard approach to the measurement and management of hyperglycemia impedes the ability of healthcare providers to determine the significance of its impact on health outcomes. Further research is needed to establish appropriate measurement guidelines to address hyperglycemia in people with cancer. . Implications for practice Evidence-based measurement and treatment guidelines are needed to inform and assist healthcare providers with clinical decision making for people with cancer who experience hyperglycemia.
Is subjective social status a unique correlate of physical health? A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Both social stratification (e.g., social rank) as well as economic resources (e.g., income) are thought to contribute to socioeconomic health disparities. It has been proposed that subjective socioeconomic status (an individual's perception of his or her hierarchical rank) provides increased predictive utility for physical health over and above more traditional, well-researched socioeconomic constructs such as education, occupation, and income. METHOD PsycINFO and PubMed databases were systematically searched for studies examining the association of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health adjusting for at least 1 measure of objective SES. The final sample included 31 studies and 99 unique effects. Meta-analyses were performed to: (a) estimate the overlap among subjective and objective indicators of SES and (b) estimate the cumulative association of subjective SES with physical health adjusting for objective SES. Potential moderators such as race and type of health indicator assessed (global self-reports vs. more specific and biologically based indicators) were also examined. RESULTS Across samples, subjective SES shows moderate overlap with objective indicators of SES, but associations are much stronger in Whites than Blacks. Subjective SES evidenced a unique cumulative association with physical health in adults, above and beyond traditional objective indicators of SES (Z = .07, SE = .01, p < .05). This association was stronger for self-rated health than for biologically based and symptom-specific measures of health. Almost all available data were cross-sectional and do not allow for strong causal inference. CONCLUSIONS Subjective SES may provide unique information relevant to understanding disparities in health, especially self-rated health. (PsycINFO Database Record
Stimulation for Inspiration

Abstract Mechanical ventilation (MV), although lifesaving, has significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. One of the primary causes of prolonged MV is diaphragm control abnormalities causing disuse atrophy. Diaphragm pacing (DP) allows diaphragm contraction leading to improved ventilation that can significantly overcome the adverse effects of positive pressure ventilation. DP has a role in replacing ventilators in spinal cord injury and delaying or decreasing ventilators in numerous other conditions.
Injection-related hepatitis C serosorting behaviors among people who inject drugs: An urban/rural comparison

Although previous research has focused on injection drug use behaviors in both urban and rural settings, few have drawn direct comparisons between adjacent rural and urban areas. Using data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance study as well as original data collected in a similar fashion, we compare the risk behaviors of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Juan, Puerto Rico, with those of PWID in nearby rural areas. Specifically, we examine whether one's own hepatitis C (HCV) infection status can be used to predict whether one asked their most recent co-injection partner about their HCV status. Acquiring such information allows injectors to seek out co-injection partners of concordant status as a way to minimize the risk of viral transmission. Results indicate that urban PWID with a known HCV+ status were more likely to know their last co-injector partner's HCV status than were their peers with a negative or unknown HCV status. However, this relationship was not present in the rural data. These findings suggest that there are different risk norms in rural and urban PWID communities and that interventions successful in one type of community may not be so in others.
Recommendations From the Common Terminology Panel of the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy

Background In 2015, the American Council for Academic Physical Therapy (ACAPT) developed 3 strategic initiative panels to address integrated clinical education, student readiness, and common terminology for physical therapist clinical education. Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of the work from the Common Terminology Panel. Design This was a descriptive, consensus-based study. Methods Using a consensus process and data that were collected from a review of literature, a document analysis of core and historical professional documents, focus group discussions, and an online open comment period, panel members developed a glossary for physical therapist clinical education. Results The final glossary included 34 terms in 4 categories. The categories included clinical education infrastructure, sites, stakeholders, and assessment. The ACAPT Board of Directors approved the glossary in June 2017, and the ACAPT membership approved the glossary in October 2017. Limitations The focus of the glossary was on physical therapist clinical education. A future, similar project should be undertaken for physical therapist assistant clinical education. Conclusion This process resulted in a comprehensive glossary for physical therapist clinical education; changes to several current terms, including "internship" and "full-time clinical education experience"; and the addition of new terms, including "preceptor" and "site coordinator for clinical education." New terminology will provide standard language for consistent communication and a common framework for all stakeholders.
Strukturen zukünftiger kommerzieller Hochleistungsrechensysteme

Ausgehend von einer Diskussion der elementaren Wechselwirkung von Anwendungen, Architekturen und Technologie wird die Zukunft von grosen Systemen zur kommerziellen Transaktionsverarbeitung untersucht. Grundlegende Aspekte von Kosten und Leistung der Technologie von Grossystemen werden betrachtet, und Trends werden verglichen mit denen von Preis/Leistungsoptimierten Mikrosystemtechnologien. Die Implikationen dieses Vergleichs fuhren zu parallelen Systemarchitekturen und -Strukturen.
Novel method for persistent holographic recording in doubly doped lithium niobate

We present a novel method for recording persistent holograms in doubly-doped LiNbO_3. Simultaneous sensitization of the crystal by an inhomogeneous UV beam can result to 32% diffraction efficiency recorded by red light in a 0.85 mm thick sample, while read-out with only red light is non- destructive. Rapid optical erasure by ultraviolet light is possible and light scattering is efficiently prevented.
Latin American Studies: Religion

Prior to the 1960s, Latin American religion was understudied. Most observers simply assumed that the Latin American Catholic church was a conservative institution that reinforced anti-democratic, hierarchical, elite rule in what was generally viewed as a ‘Catholic continent.’ This essay examines the major developments since the 1960s that have resulted in greater Latin American religious pluralism. Catholicism, including Liberation Theology and its opponents, the remarkable growth in Pentecostalism, and the endurance of various forms of popular religion—as well as debates among academic observers—are briefly examined.
Echocardiographic images in unusual hemorrhagic pericarditis

Two children with acute symptomatic pericardial effusion had unusual echocardiographic findings. In each case, the pericardial effusion was hemorrhagic. Echocardiography displayed numerous linear bands coursing across the pericardial space. Recognition of this characteristic image may predict that an acute effusion is loculated, and perhaps hemorrhagic, so that surgical drainage will offer the most definitive treatment. Knowledge gained during management of the first patient was used to anticipate treatment of the second patient, influencing the choice to perform pericardiocentesis in the catheterization laboratory and to alert surgical colleagues of the anticipated need for surgical drainage.
Corn Grain Yield and Potassium Uptake and Recycling as affected by Rootworm Resistance and Potassium Fertilization

Introduction New corn hybrids increase yield and may change potassium (K) uptake or fertilization needs through improved traits that increase yield and root efficiency. Hybrids, soil conditions, and rainfall may affect the rate at which K in cornstalks is released to the soil and becomes available to plant uptake. Therefore, a study was conducted from 2006 through 2009 at the Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Research Farm to evaluate the effects of K fertilization and rootworm resistance on grain yield, K uptake, and K recycling with residue.
Recognition and Response between Host and Parasite as Determinants in Resistance and Disease Development

The entire metabolic organization that characterizes life forms is dependent upon the capacity to detect ambient conditions, or changes in ambient conditions, and respond appropriately. This capacity is readily apparent in interactions between vascular parasites and potential hosts. Soil-borne, fungal, root parasites, for example produce thick-walled, resting structures that can survive in a dormant state for long periods of time. As plant roots ramify through the soil, root cap cells are sloughed off and root exudates leach out of these cells and from young roots in a gradient that may extend a millimeter or two from the root surface (Griffin 1969). The resting spores are able to detect the presence of these nutrients (and probably the gradient) and respond by rapid germination (Griffin 1981), growth toward the source, and colonization of the root rhizosphere, thizoplane, and to varying degrees, cells of the epidermis, cortex (Gerik 1984; Gerik and Huisman 1985) and, sometimes, vascular tissues. These precesses, and the invasion of the vascular elements is apparently enhanced by senescence (Hepple 1963) or nematode infestation of roots (Bergeson et al 1970; Conroy et al 1972). When tissues have been invaded for some time and nutrients, especially carbohydrates, become depleted, cells of the parasites are rapidly converted into new, thick-walled, resting structures (Meyers and Cook 1972) to await the arrival of a new nutrient source. Thus, these parasites possess a remarkable system of recognition and response that permits them to take advantage of sometimes fleeting nutrient sources.
Abstract 2437: Novel metabolic adaptations support proliferation of African American prostate cancer cells under hypoxia

Hypoxia in prostate cancer (PCa) selects for aggressive clones and causes treatment failure, metastatic progression and mortality. Despite the key role of hypoxia in prostate carcinogenesis, little is known about the specific effect of hypoxia in African Americans, a race that faces a serious PCa-related health disparity with the highest incidence and mortality rate. We hypothesize that metabolic adaptation to hypoxia is one mechanism that contributes to PCa aggressiveness in African Americans. Therefore, in the present work we focused on the metabolic adaptations, both in vitro and in vivo, contributing to proliferation of African American PCa cells under hypoxic conditions. PCa cells from men of African American ancestry (E006AA-hT, MDA PCa 2b, WFCB17 and 22Rv1) showed proliferation and significantly higher clonogenicity under hypoxia (1% O2) compared to normoxia. In contrast, Caucasian PCa cells (LNCaP and PC3) showed significant growth inhibition under similar hypoxic condition. The proliferation under hypoxia in African American PCa cells was associated with higher beta-oxidation of lipids as measured by malate response in Oroboros Oxygraph system. In addition, [18F]-fluoro-4-thia-oleate ([18F]-FTO) uptake in African American PCa cells under hypoxia was more than 2-fold higher (p Citation Format: Gati Panigrahi, Prakash Praharaj, Kiran Sai, Gargi Mahapatra, Taylor Peak, Sierra Patterson, Hakeem Oufkir, Anthony Molina, Steven Kridel, Gagan Deep. Novel metabolic adaptations support proliferation of African American prostate cancer cells under hypoxia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2437.
Unfolding the Road: Automobile Pioneers

This chapter shows the construction of an ideal of autonomous mastery in the car and demonstrates the role of automobile narratives in shaping road practices. Colonial concerns shifted from finding the right vehicle to defining the right way to drive and conduct oneself as motorist. Writing and reading automobile travelogues helped craft colonial actors as autonomous driving agents in constant contact with indigenous subjects and landscapes on the ground. Furthermore, automobile pioneering in the colony became a response to the military humiliations of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870–1871 as this chapter demonstrates with its focus on the figure of Ferdinand d’Orleans, Duke of Montpensier, potential heir to the French throne and automobile pioneer who drove from Saigon to Angkor in 1908 to reclaim “Cambodia’s Alsace-Lorraine.”
P026Timing is everything – Even for DP antibodies

Introduction Donor Specific Antibodies (DSA) can be a contraindication for kidney transplants. The clinical relevance of DSA to DP antigens and correlation with crossmatch (XM) remain unclear. We report the conversion of a negative XM to positive due to development of DSA to DP6, most likely caused by an unreported sensitizing event. Methods A 38 yo female received a deceased donor (DD) kidney transplant (Tx) after negative T/B cell flow XMs using sera drawn 35 and 44 days pre Tx (day −35 and −44). Delta channel shifts (DCS) in these XMs were: T = 0 for both sera; B = 37 and 31 for days −35 and −44. These sera were negative for DSA. We received a serum drawn at admission for Tx (day −1). The patient received blood transfusions within the previous week (day −6). The day-1 serum had high level DSA to DP6 (MFI = 13,723), compared to day −44 (1,321) and day-35 (1,653). By flow XM, the day −1 serum was T negative, B positive (DCS = 228), likely due to the increase in DSA to DP6. In addition to standard immunosuppression, this recipient also received thymoglobulin and basiliximab once the program was notified of high level DSA and positive flow XM. Post Tx monitoring showed an immediate decline in DSA to DP6: post Tx day 6 (MFI = 7,380), day 12 (5,669), day 21 (4,042), day 63 (485). The DSA to DP6 remained low (MFI 400) for five years. However, the recipient had BK viremia and a kidney biopsy five years post Tx showed “arteriolar hyalinosis and arteriosclerosis related to possible CNI toxicity”. The recipient is re-listed in UNET for another kidney Tx, the primary reason for graft failure deemed transplant glomerulopathy. Discussion This case emphasizes the importance of timely antibody testing in relation to XM testing, awareness of sensitizing events, and updated HLA typing. Our lab now employs stricter guidelines to ensure more frequent receipt of patient sera, especially following potential sensitizing events. At the time of this patient’s Tx, DP typing was not performed on DD. After discovering the increase in antibodies at pre Tx day −1, but absence of DSA, we performed DP typing. Finding DP6 as a DD antigen helped explain the change to positive XM, as the level of DSA to DP6 significantly increased following the sensitizing event pre-Tx. This early peri and post Tx antibody response may have contributed to reduced graft survival and transplant glomerulopathy.
Narrowband Microwave Chaos Generation using Optoelectronic Oscillators

In this communication, we discuss an architecture of optoelectronic oscillator that permits to generate a narrowband chaotic signal for microwave engineering applications. A time-delayed model permits to understand the complex dynamics of this oscillator.
Toward direct MRI of neuro-electro-magnetic oscillations in the human brain.

PURPOSE Neuroimaging techniques are widely used to investigate the function of the human brain, but none are currently able to accurately localize neuronal activity with both high spatial and temporal specificity. Here, a new in vivo MRI acquisition and analysis technique based on the spin-lock mechanism is developed to noninvasively image local magnetic field oscillations resulting from neuroelectric activity in specifiable frequency bands. METHODS Simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments using an eyes-open/eyes-closed task in 8 healthy volunteers were performed to demonstrate its sensitivity and specificity for detecting oscillatory neuroelectric activity in the alpha-band (8-12 Hz). A comprehensive postprocessing procedure was designed to enhance the neuroelectric signal, while minimizing any residual hemodynamic and physiological confounds. RESULTS The phantom results show that this technique can detect 0.06-nT magnetic field oscillations, while the in vivo results demonstrate that it can image task-based modulations of neuroelectric oscillatory activity in the alpha-band. Multiple control experiments and a comparison with conventional BOLD functional MRI suggest that the activation was likely not due to any residual hemodynamic or physiological confounds. CONCLUSION These initial results provide evidence suggesting that this new technique has the potential to noninvasively and directly image neuroelectric activity in the human brain in vivo. With further development, this approach offers the promise of being able to do so with a combination of spatial and temporal specificity that is beyond what can be achieved with existing neuroimaging methods, which can advance our ability to study the functions and dysfunctions of the human brain.
Re-Embodiment and Co-Embodiment: Exploration of social presence for robots and conversational agents

Interactions with multiple conversational agents and social robots are becoming increasingly common. This raises new design challenges: Should agents and robots be modeled after humans, presenting their entity (i.e., social presence) as bound to a single body, or should they take advantage of non-human capabilities, such as moving their social presence from body to body across service touchpoints and contexts? We conducted a User Enactments study in which participants interacted with agents that had one social presence per body, that could re-embody (move their social presence from body to body), and that could co-embody (move their social presence into a body that already contains another). Reactions showed that participants felt comfortable with re-embodying agents, who created more seamless and efficient experiences. Yet situations that required expertise or concentration raised concerns about non-human behaviors. We report on our insights regarding collaboration and coordination with several agents in multi-step interactions.
Second-Order Beliefs and Gender

Beliefs about beliefs---second-order beliefs---about the differences between populations are important to understanding differences in outcomes between those populations. To study their potential impact, we develop an incentive-compatible experimental framework for eliciting beliefs (first-order) and beliefs about beliefs (second-order) about the differences in any measurable characteristics between any two populations. We implement the procedure to study beliefs about the performance of men and women on math and abstract bargaining tasks. In the math task, 78% of participants believe that most men believe men outscore women. In contrast, 34% believe that most women believe men outscore women. Despite these differences in second-order beliefs, we observe no such difference in first-order beliefs. The pattern of results is similar in the bargaining task. These results have important labor market implications for the persistence of gender gaps.
Redefining spatial population structure of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): implications for stock assessment and management

The southern New England – mid-Atlantic (SNE–MA) stock of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) collapsed in the 1990s without discernable recovery to date. Owing to the lack of recovery,...
Infrared spectroscopy and imaging for understanding neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases

Abstract Neurodegenerative protein-folding diseases involve the misfolding and aggregation of naturally occurring proteins—a process that plays a role in the progressive deterioration of neurons. Since the disease process involves protein structural changes, and associated compositional changes, vibrational spectroscopy has been used extensively to characterize and understand these processes in diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the prion diseases. A wide range of vibrational spectroscopic and imaging approaches have been used to examine protein misfolding in vitro, in cell culture, and in biological tissue. Here, we describe a range of these techniques and detail how vibrational spectroscopy has led to a more detailed understanding of protein misfolding and subsequent neurodegeneration in the disease process.
Effect of ultrasound-assisted cold plasma pretreatment to obtain sea asparagus extract and its application in Italian salami

The effect of the glow discharge cold plasma pretreatment (CPT) was investigated on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from sea asparagus Salicornia neei. The extract was applied in dry fermented sausage (Italian salami). Thermal extraction methods demand a long processing time, are highly energy-consuming and cause irreversible nutrient losses. It was found that CPT (discharge power of 14 W for 5 min) prior to UAE increased the antioxidant activity by 22% and 19% measured by the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The S. neei extract showed high antioxidant activity, low antimicrobial activity, and was added to salami formulations with reduced-sodium nitrite content and no addition of sodium erythorbate. Despite a slight color change, lipid oxidation and texture parameters were similar to the control at the end of ripening. Furthermore, higher antioxidant activity was observed in S. neei extract supplemented salami with no impact on its sensory overall acceptability, indicating its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic additives.
Is Surgical Management of Flail Chest Effective

Flail chest following blunt chest trauma negatively affects respiratory mechanics, leading to increased length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. However, due to the limited amount of high-level evidence defining the optimal management of flail chest, the effectiveness of surgical stabilization remains controversial. The best available evidence suggests that early surgical intervention via rib fixation should be considered for select patients that fail medical management. This has the potential to decrease the risk of pneumonia, duration of ventilator support, days in the critical care unit, and overall mortality.
Política, estética y fantasía en La raíz del ombú, de Julio Cortázar y Alberto Cedrón1

Julio Cortazar’s only graphic novel, La raiz del ombu, remains almost unknown and certainly understudied. Illustrated by Argentine painter Alberto Cedron and published in Venezuela in 1981, it serv...
A mycobacterial glycine-rich protein governs actin-based motility

Summary Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of the significant human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, polymerizes host actin at the bacterial surface to drive intracellular movement and cell-to-cell spread during infection. Here, we report the identification and characterization of MirA, the M. marinum actin-based motility factor. MirA is a member of the glycine-rich PE_PGRS family of ESX-5-secreted proteins. MirA uses an amphipathic helix to anchor into the mycobacterial outer membrane and, surprisingly, also the surface of host lipid droplet organelles. The glycine-rich PGRS domain in MirA directly binds and activates host N-WASP to stimulate actin polymerization through the Arp2/3 complex, directing both bacterial and lipid droplet actin- based motility. MirA is dissimilar to known N-WASP activating ligands and may represent a new class of microbial and host actin regulator. Additionally, the MirA-N-WASP interaction represents a model to understand how the enigmatic PE_PGRS proteins contribute to mycobacterial pathogenesis.
Simulation of matrix conductivity in copper–diamond composites sintered by field assisted sintering technology

Abstract This research investigates thermal conductivity properties of Cu/Zr alloys combined with diamond particles to form a composite that possess superior thermal conductivity. This article describes the use of a theoretical calculation and finite element analysis to compare to previously published experimental observations. Both theoretical calculations and finite element analysis indicate that experimental results cannot be explained solely by an improved interface between the matrix and diamond particles, as originally suggested. This study shows that the experimental results, theoretical calculations, and finite element analysis are in agreement when the thermal conductivity of the matrix is adjusted to compensate for the amount of zirconium lost to the interface. This finding can be used to predict the thermal conductivity of a composite material composed of a Cu/Zr matrix with diamond particles.
Five Decades of Community Food Planning in Detroit: City and Grassroots, Growth and Equity

Food planning in Detroit has matured over the last fifteen years, but it is not without links to past food-related initiatives or broader planning in response to the city’s decline over five decades. Occurring mostly in community networks, it encompasses a greater variety of activities than that sponsored by public or quasi-public agencies. Because of food planning’s links to place and politics, the continuity of institutional structures and their logics, and the persistence of socioeconomic conditions, it is crucial to understand food planning in historical context and as a specific response to the conditions faced by the community. The article investigates city- and grassroots-sponsored food planning over fifty years, and discusses the implications of each for a just food system in the city.
Cell surface glycoproteins of CHO cells. II. Surface distribution and pathway of internalization.

Abstract The surface distribution and pathway for internalization of the major cell surface proteins of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been investigated after reacting cells at 4 °C with the membrane-impermeant reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonate. Molecules, haptenized with trinitrophenol groups, the majority of which are in a group of high molecular weight acidic glycoproteins (HMWAG), were labelled at 4 °C with anti-dinitrophenol immunoglobulins coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), horseradish peroxidase, or colloidal gold and either immediately fixed for mapping their distribution or followed intracellularly after warming to allow endocytosis to proceed. The distribution of label on the CHO cell surface was non-random with a large proportion arranged in clusters from 100 to 300 nm in diameter. Antibody label was concentrated heavily on microvilli, and about 10% of the molecules were always associated with clathrin-coated pits. Upon warming the cells to 37 °C, HMWAG were internalized immediately into smooth-membraned tubules ( 300 nm O) that had a morphology characteristic of multivesicular bodies and not lysosomes. There was no evidence for entry of labelled molecules into either electron-dense, secondary lysosomes or into the Golgi cisternae, suggesting that neither compartment is involved in the major pathway of cell surface endocystosis. Our results are consistent with the view that the majority of plasma membrane protein are internalized as small discrete domains by a pathway very similar to that described by others for adsorptive endocytosis.
Land Acquisition, Development and the Constitution

In this article, I argue that the debates surrounding the adoption of a fundamental right to property in the Constitution were centred around the somewhat paradoxical desire to achieve a liberal democratic legal order which guaranteed the rights to liberty, equality and property, while simultaneously embarking on a transformation of the economic and social order considered imperative to prevent a revolution. This transformation was pegged on a development strategy involving a move from a feudal agrarian to a capital intensive industrial society. A major component of this transformative agenda was land reform, involving zamindari abolition abolition and redistribution of land among the peasants. Equally important, however, was state planned industrial growth and encouragement of growth of private industry. The article goes on to assess the history of land acquisition laws in this country against this backdrop. In particular, it analyses the key features of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, including the major problems with its implementation. It then analyses the proposed Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, with a view to determining the extent to which the bill addresses the problems with the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. Finally, the article describes the special constitutional provisions for the Scheduled Areas as contained in the Fifth and Sixth Schedules and analyses to what extent the LARR bill is compliant with existing constitutional guarantees.
Liberation or Catastrophe? Reflections on the History of the Twentieth Century – By Michael Howard

Sir Michael Howard, a decorated veteran of the Italian campaign in World War II, is perhaps the most prominent military historian of the twentieth century. Consequently, his reflections in this fiv...
Descriptions of self: an exploratory study of adolescents with ADHD.

Problem How do adolescents experience attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how are those experiences shaped and managed? Methods A qualitative exploratory design to investigate how adolescents with ADHD (N = 11; 8 males, 3 females) experience, perceive, and manage ADHD. Findings are based on a subset of data from a large grounded theory study of the experiences of living in a family when a child or adolescent has ADHD. The constant comparative method was used to analyze both individual and focus group interview data. Findings The primary finding, presented as a hypothesis, suggests that an ADHD adolescent's sense of self is distorted and that the development of self has been disrupted due to the neurobiology of ADHD and environmental factors associated with the difficulties of parenting a difficult child, social role expectations, and modeling. Conclusions Therapeutic attention to how the self functions is important in stabilizing and ordering an adolescent's sense of self. Intrapsychic psychotherapy may be an important therapeutic approach in helping adolescents with ADHD develop personal responsibility and increased capacity for empathy.
Educational and occupational underattainment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled study.

Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been consistently associated with intellectual, educational, and employment deficits. This study evaluated subjects to determine whether the educational and occupational deficits associated with ADHD are what would be expected given their intellectual abilities or lower than expected given their intellectual abilities. Method Participants derived from a case-control study of adults with (N = 224) and without (N = 146) DSM-IV ADHD. Subjects were comprehensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and neuropsychological assessments. Educational and occupational attainments were based on Hollingshead socioeconomic status scale. The expected educational and occupational levels of participants with ADHD were computed using ordered logistic regression models as a function of age, sex, and full scale IQ of controls. The study was conducted from 1998 to 2003. Results Based on their IQ, subjects with ADHD were predicted to have significantly more education than they actually attained. Additionally, based on their observed education, participants with ADHD were predicted to have significantly higher occupational levels than actually observed. Conclusion These findings indicate that ADHD is associated with significant educational and occupational underattainments relative to what would have been expected on the basis of intellectual potential.