cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jesus the Son of God

No passage of the Synoptic Gospels throws so much light upon Jesus’ sense of his own mission as that which deals with Knowing the Father and Being Known of Him in Mt. 11 25-27, Lk. 10 21-22. It belongs to the common element of Matthew and Luke unknown in Mark, and in the judgment of the great majority of critics must therefore be referred to a common source of high antiquity. In short, as respects attestation, its claims to authenticity are unexcelled. As respects content, it deals with the all-important matter of Jesus’ doctrine of divine sonship, and yet it seems to stand alone among Synoptic sayings, and to be paralleled only by utterances ascribed to Jesus by the fourth evangelist. But the Johannine discourses give every indication of having been composed by the evangelist himself in order to expound in dialogue form his own deutero-pauline Christology. The only instance in all Synoptic tradition of anything comparable to this apposition of “the Son…the Father,” is Mk. 13 32, Mt. 24 36. Of that day or that hour knoweth no one, not even the angels in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father.
Safety of lower activated clotting times during atrial fibrillation ablation using open irrigated tip catheters and a single transseptal puncture.

Guidelines largely based on closed-tip catheters recommend activated clotting times (ACTs) >300 to 350 seconds during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation to prevent thrombus and char formation. Open irrigated tip catheters (OITC) may decrease complications and permit lower ACTs. This study evaluated factors contributing to vascular and hemorrhagic complications during AF ablation with emphasis on catheter type, anticoagulation level, procedural and clinical variables, and gender. In 1,122 AF ablations we examined catheter used, ACT level, gender, and complications. Target ACTs initially were >300 seconds and were decreased to 225 seconds for the OITC. Average ACT ranges were created: 350 seconds. Average ACT was 350 seconds (p = 0.038). Women were older (66 ± 10 vs 60 ± 10 years, p <0.001) and had more paroxysmal AF (43% vs 28%, p = 0.007) and more hypertension (50% vs 40%, p = 0.013). Women received less heparin but were over-represented in higher ACT ranges (p <0.0001) consistent with a pharmacokinetic gender difference. There was no difference in vascular or hemorrhagic complications between men and women (2.3% vs 2.9%, p = 0.668). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only use of the OITC was associated with lower complication rates (p = 0.024). In conclusion, AF ablation with the OITC is safe with a target ACT of 225 seconds.
A Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test for Autoregressive Logistic Regression Models with Applications to Patient Screening

We propose a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for autoregressive logistic regression models. General guidelines for a two-dimensional binning strategy are provided, which make use of two types of maximum likelihood parameter estimates. For smaller sample sizes, a bootstrap p-value procedure is discussed. Simulation studies indicate that the test procedure satisfactorily approximates the correct size and has good power for detecting model misspecification. In particular, the test is very good at detecting the need for an additional lag. An application to a dataset relating to screening patients for late-onset Alzheimer's disease is provided.
Characterization of branched monounsaturated hydrocarbons ofSarcina lutea andSarcina flava

The exact position of the double bond and the probable branch assignments of each hydrocarbon isomer ofSarcina lutea andSarcina flava were determined by derivatives and gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was shown by mass spectral data that in all isomers the double bond position was in or near the center of the molecule and, that some of the resolved isomers contained an additional positional isomer. The hydrocarbons were identified as containing methyl branches in the iso or anteiso or both configurations, symmetrically and asymmetrically disposed on the ends of the isomers. The assignment of the methyl branches for each tetrad of four isomers as the isomers emerged from the gas chromatographic column was iso-iso’; anteiso-iso; anteiso-anteiso’; and isonormal for odd carbon-numbered chains, and iso-iso’; anteiso-iso; iso-normal; and anteiso-normal for even carbon-numbered chains. A fifth isomer was identified as a normal-olefin.
Part ii. three schools with a new twist. information science at rutgers: establishing new interdisciplinary connections

Information Science has gained new prominence at Rutgers through the merger of information-related disciplines into the new School of Communication, Information, and Library Studies. The new school brings a multi-disciplinary focus to information phenomena, processes and human information behavior, with wide-ranging impact on instructional programs and research. The School offers a broad-based Ph.D. program, two masters programs, and is planning a new undergraduate program in information studies. Faculty research addresses related areas of information system design, individual human information behavior, information dissemination and communication, and information policy and social impact. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of dietary carbohydrate and phenotype on thyroid hormones and brown adipose tissue locularity in adult LA/N-cp rats.

Abstract 1. 1. Groups of lean and corpulent LA/N-cp rats were fed isoenergetic diets containing, 54% carbohydrate as maize starch (MS) or sucrose (SU), 20% protein, 16% mixed fats, plus other essential nutrients and fiber from 1.5–9 months of age. Final body weights of corpulent rats were 2–3 times those of their lean littermates, and were greater with SU than MS diet in both phenotypes. 2. 2. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) mass was greater in corpulent than lean and was greater with SU than MS diet in lean but not corpulent rats. IBAT cell diameters and adipocyte volumes were generally similar in both phenotypes, and were not markedly affected by dietary carbohydrate type. 3. 3. Brown adipocyte locularity profiles were qualitatively similar in both phenotypes, and were morphologically indicative of thermogenic activity in both phenotypes. Locule profiles of corpulent animals contained a greater proportion of thermogenically less active types IV and V brown adipocytes than similarly fed lean animals, however, and locule distribution profiles were not influenced by diet. 4. 4. Serum T 3 concentrations were similar in both phenotypes, were greater in SU than MS lean rats and were not influenced by diet in the corpulent phenotype. In contrast, serum thyroxine concentrations and percent thyroxine uptake were not influenced by diet or phenotype. 5. 5. These results are consistent with a partial impairment in BAT-mediated thermogenic activity in the corpulent phenotype and suggest that obesity in this strain may be due to factors other than biochemically defective brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.
Alpo4 supported nickel catalysts. v. Effect of carrier, nickel precursor and nickel loading on particle size and 1-hexene hydrogenation activity

Abstract The l-hexene hydrogenation has been examined following several different means of preparing the nickel AlPO 4 supported catalysts. Several precursor materials have been compared as to their tendencies to produce various crystallite diameters, the nature of the chosen precursor being important in the determination of the crystallite diameter of the catalyst. On the other hand, the increase in nickel loading leads to an increase in the areal rate as a consequence of the lessening in the metal support interaction, and the previous impregnation of the support with alkali cations greatly influenced the activity of the catalysts, without any change in the areal rate.
Lessons from the euro zone for the East Asian economies

Abstract This paper endeavors to contribute to the solution of the following critical issues: (1) what the East Asian nations can do in cooperation among themselves and with China, Japan, and South Korea in their foreign trade arrangements to improve the stability and growth of their economies; (2) what they must do individually to get their financial and real economies better integrated; (3) what they can do in cooperation with China, Japan and South Korea—bilaterally and regionally—to modernize their monetary systems and to render them more resilient to financial crises; and (4) what new focus of the IMF is most likely to enable the East Asian nations to maintain relatively free and open economies without the impact of catastrophic financial crises. Lessons from the development of the European Union, the dynamics of the euro zone, the experience of the Bank for International Settlements, and recent research on monetary and international macroeconomic theory are drawn upon to provide answers to these questions. It is argued that an area-wide approach, with a new IMF regional role and the formation of an East Asian Monetary Authority, would contribute to a sense of “community” within East Asia, leading to an enhanced role for both East Asia and ASEAN + 3 in the new world economic order.
Meta-ethics and Justification

The author takes up three metaphysical conceptions of morality — realism, projectivism, constructivism — and the account of justification or reason that makes these pictures possible. It is argued that the right meta-ethical conception should be the one that entails the most plausible conception of reason-giving, rather than by any other consideration. Realism and projectivism, when understood in ways consistent with their fundamental commitments, generate unsatisfactory models of justification; constructivism alone does not. The author also argues for a particular interpretation of how “objective moral obligation” is to be understood within constructivism.
Comrades in the Labor Room: The Lamaze Method of Childbirth Preparation and France's Cold War Home Front, 1951–1957

IN JUNE 1951, SOVIET PROFESSOR A. P. Nikolaev traveled to Paris from Leningrad to participate in the International Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology, where he gave a presentation on the work that he and others had been doing on the psychoprophylactic method (PPM) of childbirth. Departing from the Western trend toward obstetric anesthetics and analgesics, PPM sought to eliminate or alleviate the pain of childbirth through psychological conditioning, physical training, and education. PPM proponents believed the pain almost universally experienced in normal labor to be psychogenic in origin, the product of social conditioning that led women to anticipate and thereby preordain pain. Women studied patterned breathing techniques to conquer labor pain in two ways. First, building on six weeks of prior training, the use of patterned breathing at the onset of active labor triggered a conditional response of relaxation. Second, a focus on the breath occupied the laboring woman’s attention, distracting her from pain and interfering with the reception and interpretation in the cerebral cortex of potentially painful sensations originating in the uterus. Expectant Soviet mothers mastered several breathing patterns, from slow and
Study of vortical separation from an axisymmetric hill

Surface mean pressures, oil-flow visualizations, and three-velocity-component laser-Doppler velocimeter measurements are presented for a turbulent boundary layer of thickness δ over an axisymmetric hill of height H = 2δ. Complex vortical separations occur on the leeside and merge into two large streamwise mean vortices downstream. At x/H = 3.69, the near-wall flow (y + < 90) is dominated by the wall, while the vortices in the outer region produce large turbulence levels near the centerline and appear to have low frequency motions that contribute to turbulent diffusion
Adolescents' and Parents' Conceptions of Parental Authority and Personal Autonomy

Conceptions of parental authority and ratings of adolescent-parent conflict were assessed in 68 sixth, eighth, and tenth graders and their parents. Boundaries of adolescent personal jurisdiction and conflict over these boundaries were examined. Participants judged the legitimacy of parental authority and rated the frequency and intensity of conflict regarding 24 hypothetical moral, conventional, personal, multifaceted (e.g., containing conventional and personal components), prudential, and friendship issues. Adolescents and parents agreed that parents should retain authority regarding moral and conventional issues. Parents treated multifaceted, friendship, prudential, and personal issues as more contingent on parental authority than did adolescents, based on conventional, prudential, and psychological reasons, whereas adolescents treated these issues as under personal jurisdiction, based on personal concerns. Personal reasoning and judgments increased with age. Multifaceted issues were discussed more than all other issues, but moral and conventional conflicts were more intense than all other conflicts. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research on parental authority and adolescent-parent conflict during adolescence.
Receiver operating characteristic analysis: a primer.

This issue of Academic Radiology is the second of two issues honoring the memory of Dr. Charles E.Metz, who pioneered the application of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for evaluating the diagnostic performance of radiology exams (1). Along with 10 articles that appeared in the December 2012 issue of Academic Radiology (2–11), the 15 articles featured in this issue represent some of the latest research in ROC analysis. Together, the 25 articles are a fitting tribute to the groundwork laid by Dr. Metz. If you examine the references cited in these articles, you will discover that a number of Dr. Metz’s seminal articles in ROC analysis have appeared in the pages ofAcademic Radiology. ROC analysis can be complex, and it is filled with methodological nuances. To aid the reader, I have been asked by the Editor to place each of the articles in a context that is accessible to the practicing academic radiologist, as I did for the first Metz memorial issue (12). The classic ROC curve represents an intrinsic property of a diagnostic test and plots the continuous tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity of the test. In practice, a radiologist chooses, consciously or subconsciously, one sensitivity/specificity point on the ROC curve at which to operate. But which operating point is optimum? The ROC curve by itself cannot answer this question. Defining the optimum operating point requires additional information, mainly the prevalence of the disease being diagnosed and the relative clinical value of the possible test outcomes (true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative). This additional information also defines the overall clinical value of the diagnostic test when the optimum operating point on the ROC curve is used. Clinically speaking, the ROC curve by itself says little about the value of the diagnostic test. Determining the relative clinical value of the possible diagnostic test outcomes involves utility theory (13,14) and is beyond the scope of this editorial. Such work can be
Variants in the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter (ABCA7), Apolipoprotein E ε4, and the Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease in African Americans

Importance Genetic variants associated with susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer disease are known for individuals of European ancestry, but whether the same or different variants account for the genetic risk of Alzheimer disease in African American individuals is unknown. Identification of disease-associated variants helps identify targets for genetic testing, prevention, and treatment. Objective To identify genetic loci associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease in African Americans. Design, Setting, and Participants The Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) assembled multiple data sets representing a total of 5896 African Americans (1968 case participants, 3928 control participants) 60 years or older that were collected between 1989 and 2011 at multiple sites. The association of Alzheimer disease with genotyped and imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was assessed in case-control and in family-based data sets. Results from individual data sets were combined to perform an inverse variance–weighted meta-analysis, first with genome-wide analyses and subsequently with gene-based tests for previously reported loci. Main Outcomes and Measures Presence of Alzheimer disease according to standardized criteria. Results Genome-wide significance in fully adjusted models (sex, age, APOE genotype, population stratification) was observed for a SNP in ABCA7 (rs115550680, allele = G; frequency, 0.09 cases and 0.06 controls; odds ratio [OR], 1.79 [95% CI, 1.47-2.12]; P = 2.2 × 10 −9 ), which is in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs previously associated with Alzheimer disease in Europeans (0.8 −47 ). Several loci previously associated with Alzheimer disease but not reaching significance in genome-wide analyses were replicated in gene-based analyses accounting for linkage disequilibrium between markers and correcting for number of tests performed per gene (CR1, BIN1, EPHA1, CD33; 0.0005 Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis of data from African American participants, Alzheimer disease was significantly associated with variants in ABCA7 and with other genes that have been associated with Alzheimer disease in individuals of European ancestry. Replication and functional validation of this finding is needed before this information is used in clinical settings.
Interaction of chloramphenicol and the calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant recipients.

: Several case reports have described a pharmacokinetic interaction between chloramphenicol and the calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). Based on these reports, we set out to characterize the effects of chloramphenicol on cyclosporine and tacrolimus trough concentrations in renal transplant recipients. We retrospectively evaluated daily trough CNI concentrations and compared them with baseline CNI concentrations prior to chloramphenicol. Six adult renal or pancreas/kidney transplant recipients received 11 courses of chloramphenicol. Of these, three received cyclosporine (6 episodes) and three received tacrolimus (5 episodes). The mean dose and duration of chloramphenicol was not significantly different between groups. Chloramphenicol coadministration increased mean cyclosporine troughs maximally by 41.3% on day 4, though overall differences were not significant using analysis of variance (anova). Tacrolimus trough levels increased to 99% above baseline on day 2, 151% on day 3, 161% on day 4, 191% on day 5, and to 207% on day 6 and reached statistical significance by anova (P = 0.001). These results confirm case reports and suggest that careful trough monitoring should be implemented if chloramphenicol is to be used with the CNIs.
Isolated Pulmonary Capillaritis and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

Study objectives To demonstrate that pulmonary capillaritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) occur and are isolated to the lung and therefore not part of systemic vasculitis at the time of the DAH episode in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Design Lung biopsy specimens from patients with DAH were reviewed and those with the histologic features of pulmonary capillaritis were identified. Setting The patients were selected from seven Denver-area general hospitals. Patients Fifty-eight patients with biopsy specimen proved pulmonary capillaritis (1991 to 1997) were identified and classified according to disease. Three patients met the American Rheumatism Association criteria for RA and one patient fulfilled clinical and serologic criteria for MCTD. Interventions All clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data on initial presentation and at follow-up periods were extracted from the charts of the four study patients. Histologic slides were reviewed and immunofluorescent studies of lung tissue were performed. Measurements and results All four patients had a connective tissue disease diagnosis prior to the DAH episode. Symptoms referable to pulmonary capillaritis were of short duration (2 to 14 days) and there was no clinical or serologic evidence for an accompanying systemic vasculitis, in particular glomeronephritis. Three patients, two with RA and one with MCTD, demonstrated pulmonary immune complex deposition. Three resolved their illness following IV methylprednisilone and cyclophosphamide therapy. One RA patient died following a myocardial infarction. In the three survivors, no further episodes of DAH have occurred after a mean of 24 months (range, 10 to 48 months). Conclusions To our knowledge, these are the first cases of DAH due to pulmonary capillaritis documented to complicate RA and MCTD. The capillaritis was not part of a systemic vasculitis at the time of the DAH episode, but rather represented an isolated small-vessel vasculitis of the lungs in this group of patients. Immune complex deposition may be involved in the pathogenesis.
Functional requirement of a site-specific ribose methylation in ribosomal RNA

The product of the PET56 nuclear gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to be required for ribose methylation at a universally conserved nucleotide in the peptidyl transferase center of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (21S rRNA). Cells reduced in this activity were deficient in formation of functional large subunits of the mitochondrial ribosome. The purified Pet56 protein catalyzed the site-specific formation of 29-O-methylguanosine on in vitro transcripts of both mitochondrial 21S rRNA and Escherichia coli 23S rRNA. These results provide evidence for an essential modified nucleotide in rRNA.
Adrenergic modulation of pancreatic somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon secretion: evidence for differential sensitivity of islet A, B, and D cells.

Abstract To characterize the adrenergic effects of epinephrine on somatostatin, insulin and glucagon release and to assess the potential interactions of islet A, B, and D cell function, isolated rat islets were incubated in vitro with epinephrine (0.05–20 μM) in the presence and absence of the alpha adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (2 or 4 μM), and/or the beta adrenergic antagonist, propranolol (2 μM). At concentrations of epinephrine at or less than 1 μM, somatostatin and insulin release were inhibited while glucagon release was unaffected. At greater epinephrine concentrations, somatostatin and glucagon release were increased while insulin release was further suppressed. The threshold as well as the half-maximal effect of epinephrine occurred at lower concentrations for somatostatin release than for insulin and glucagon release. The inhibitory effect of 0.5 μM epinephrine on somatostatin and insulin release was completely reversed by phentolamine and was unaffected by propranolol. The stimulatory effect of 2 and 20 μM epinephrine on somatostatin and glucagon release was not observed when propranolol was included in the incubation medium along with epinephrine. These results demonstrate that rat islet A, B, and D cells differ in their sensitivity to alpha and beta adrenergic effects. At low concentrations of epinephrine, alpha adrenergic effects on D cells predominate over beta adrenergic effects whereas at greater concentrations of epinephrine alpha and beta effects appear to be equal; alpha adrenergic effects of epinephrine predominate over those of beta on the B cell at least up to 20 μM epinephrine; exclusively beta adrenergic effects of epinephrine are observed on the A cell at least up to 20 μM epinephrine.
Numerical Wake Visualization for Airfoils Undergoing Forced and Aeroelastic Motions

A virtual wind tunnel is developed by combining a fast, time-stepping ow solver with an interactive animation interface. Inviscid, incompressible ow solutions are provided by an unsteady, potentialow code with arbitrary airfoils undergoing forced or aeroelastic motions. Aeroelastic response is predicted by a two-degree-of-freedom spring/mass system modeling the structural dynamics of a exible wing. A boundary layer code may be used to predict viscous ow e ects such as transition and the onset of ow separation. The aeroelastic algorithm is coupled with an interactive graphical animation front end, enabling visualization and measurement of the unsteady wake and surrounding ow eld. To further enhance the virtual wind tunnel look and feel, an assortment of tools is provided to mimic smoke/dye-injection, wake-vorticity tagging and ow anemometry. The complete package is used both as a research and an instructional tool, providing insight into the complex, unsteady vortical structures behind moving airfoils. Solutions compare well with experimental data while the animationallows a more thorough investigation of the development and evolution of the wake structures in time.
Translational Homeostasis via eIF4E and 4E-BP1

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Yanagiya et al. (2012) describe a regulatory mechanism that couples the abundance of the translational repressor 4E-BP1 with its target eIF4E via proteasomal degradation of 4E-BP1, thus maintaining translation in cells depleted of eIF4E.
The Impact of Newsroom Changes and the Rise of Social Media on the Practice of Media Relations

Abstract Recent changes in American media have resulted in direct impacts on the work of PR professionals, from newsroom reductions in traditional media outlets to the rise of social media. This study examines changes in the media relations dynamic with qualitative, in-depth interviews from 12 PR professionals in a medium, eastern U.S. city. Findings include PR professionals doing less traditional media relations, mostly attributable to downsized newsrooms, and frustration with the resulting dearth of institutional knowledge, influx of young, inexperienced reporters, and shallow stories. While participants see opportunities to inject unfiltered messages in media, overall they value reporter relationships and using social media in communication with them and in their job. Although new media are seen as one more task on an already very full PR plate, participants acknowledge their importance and growing relevance. Overall, PR professionals see their and the industry's future including both traditional and new media.
The effect of quench rate on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of U-6 Wt Pct Nb

The effect of cooling rate on the microstructure, mechanical behavior, corrosion resistance, and subsequent age hardenability of U-6 wt pct Nb is described and discussed. Cooling rates in excess of 20 Ks-1 cause the parent γ-phase to transform martensitically to a niobium supersaturated variant of the α-phase. This martensitic phase exhibits low hardness and strength, high ductility, good corrosion resistance, and substantial age hardenability. As cooling rate decreases from 10 Ks-1 to 0.2 Ks-1, fine scale microstructural changes (consistent with spinodal decomposition) occur to an increasing extent. These changes produce large increases in hardness and strength and large decreases in ductility, slight decreases in corrosion resistance, and slight changes in age hardenability. At cooling rates less than 0.2 Ks-1 the parent phase undergoes cellular decomposition to a coarse two-phase lamellar microstructure. This lamellar microstructure exhibits intermediate strength and ductility, substantially reduced corrosion resistance, and no age hardenability. An analysis of the cooling rates at the centers of water quenched plates indicates that fully martensitic microstructures can be obtained in plates as thick as 50 mm.
Hyphenated Flash Chromatographic Separation and Isolation of Coumarins and Polymethoxyflavones from Byproduct of Citrus Juice Processing Industry

The present study describes an efficient hyphenated flash chromatographic (FC) for the purification of coumarins and polymethoxy flavones (PMF's) from cold pressed grapefruit peel oil (GFO), a byproduct from citrus juice processing plant. GFO was subjected to silica column chromatography using sequential isocratic elution by hexane and chloroform to separate the waxes and phytochemicals enriched fractions, respectively. The chloroform extract was used for hyphenated FC separation using a gradient mobile phase of hexane and acetone. The peak separations were monitored at dual wavelengths of λ210 nm and λ340 nm. The individual fractions were analyzed by HPLC, pooled and concentrated resulting in isolation of two coumarins (auraptene and bergapten) and three PMF's (tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, and nobiletin). The purity and identity of the isolated compounds was confirmed by spectral analysis using high performance liquid chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption/Ionization-time of flight-mass spe...
A stochastic model of IndoPacific sea surface temperature anomalies

Abstract It is often desirable to represent a rapidly varying physical process as stochastic forcing of some slower dynamical system. A review of this approximation is presented. The white-noise limit of rapidly varying processes reduces the dynamical description of the affected slower systems to stochastic differential equations, the properties of which are summarized. As an application of stochastic differential equations, we review the evidence that IndoPacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) can be represented as a stable linear process driven by spatially coherent stochastic forcing. An “inversemodeling” approach is used. That is, the relevant parameters of the best-fit stable linear process are obtained from observations and, given these parameters, the assumptions of stability and linearity are subsequently tested. An “optimal initial structure” for growth, predicted by the model, is found to occur approximately seven months before most of the major warm and cold (El Nino/La Nina) events in the data record. The optimal structure preferentially occurs in the boreal spring, with the mature phase of the extreme event occurring in the subsequent late fall/winter. The best model to fit the observations, including the dependence of the dynamical system on the annual cycle, is driven by stochastic forcing with periodic statistics. These statistics are inferred using a time-dependent fluctuation-dissipation relation. The variation of the stochastic forcing with the annual cycle is not the same as that of the optimal initial structure. Yet, when a linear numerical model is driven with the derived stochastic forcing, the optimal structure, including its variation with the annual cycle, is recovered. This implies that deterministic dynamics play an important role in setting up the optimal structure and, therefore, a mature phase of El Nino may be predicted before the optimal structure actually appears.
Rate Constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of Methylphenanthrenes with OH as a Function of Temperature

The rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of phenanthrene, phenanthrene-d10, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 9-methylphenanthrenes with the hydroxyl radical were measured using the relative rate technique...
Potentiating effect of neonatal thymectomy on x-ray-induced intercapillary glomerulosclerosis.

X-IRRADIATION (150–900 rads) accelerates the course of intercapillary glomerulosclerosis (IGS), a naturally occurring progressive ageing process in mice, rats and hamsters1. This acceleration effect occurs only in kidney tissue which is directly irradiated and is preceded by a latent period, the duration of which is dependent on age of the animal at exposure.
The stability of the production function and the marginal productivity of inputs: An empirical study

Abstract This paper tests for the stability of the aggregate production function of the United States from 1929 to 67 with two inputs (labor and capital) and with three inputs (labor, capital, and real balances). The results show parametric instability regardless of the inclusion of real balances. Using the varying parameters estimation method allowing for permanent and transitory shifts in the parameters, time-series estimates of the marginal productivity of capital, labor, and real balances are derived for the period 1929–1967. The temporal behavior of the marginal productivity of real balances is briefly analyzed.
Cofinal families of Borel equivalence relations and quasiorders

Families of Borel equivalence relations and quasiorders that are cofinal with respect to the Borel reducibility ordering, ≤B, are constructed. There is an analytic ideal on ω generating a complete analytic equivalence relation and any Borel equivalence relation reduces to one generated by a Borel ideal. Several Borel equivalence relations, among them Lipschitz isomorphism of compact metric spaces, are shown to be Kσ complete.
Extraversion and the consequences of social interaction on affect repair

This study explores the interaction of extraversion and social interaction on affect repair. Following a negative affect induction, participants engaged in a neutral discussion task alone or in the presence of a pleasant and supportive confederate. Results reveal that extraversion predicted affect repair in the solitary condition with extraverts (vs. introverts) experiencing a greater enhancement of positive affect. In the social condition, extraversion did not predict repair; all individuals benefited from the interaction. Thus, when alone, introverts demonstrated a maladaptive affect repair profile that was abated in the presence of a supportive individual. Other results reveal that the social condition produced the largest affect repair. These findings suggest that, while extraverts exhibit more effective affect repair when alone, pleasant interaction facilitates affect repair for all individuals (even introverts).
MIF as a disease target: ISO-1 as a proof-of-concept therapeutic

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated as playing a causative role in many disease states, including sepsis, pneumonia, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and cancer. To inhibit the enzymatic and biologic activities of MIF, we and others have developed small-molecule MIF inhibitors. Most MIF inhibitors bind within the hydrophobic pocket that contains highly conserved amino acids known to be essential for MIF's proinflammatory activity. The best characterized of these small-molecule MIF inhibitors, (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1) has been validated in scores of laboratories worldwide. Like neutralizing anti-MIF antibodies, ISO-1 significantly improves survival and reduces disease progression and/or severity in multiple murine models where MIF is implicated. This MIF inhibitor, its derivatives and other MIF-targeted compounds show great promise for future testing in disease states where increased MIF activity has been discovered.
Awareness of heart activity and self-control of heart rate: a failure to replicate.

The present report describes our failure to replicate a previously reported relationship between heart rate self-control and self-reported awareness of cardiac activity using nearly identical methods within the same population. The implications of this failure-to-replicate are noted.
Lubricin surface modification improves tendon gliding after tendon repair in a canine model in vitro

This study investigated the effects of lubricin on the gliding of repaired flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons in vitro. Canine FDP tendons were completely lacerated, repaired with a modified Pennington technique, and treated with one of the following solutions: saline, carbodiimide derivatized gelatin/hyaluronic acid (cd-HA-gelatin), carbodiimide derivatized gelatin to which lubricin was added in a second step (cd-gelatin + lubricin), or carbodiimide derivatized gelatin/HA + lubricin (cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin). After treatment, gliding resistance was measured up to 1,000 cycles of simulated flexion/extension motion. The increase in average and peak gliding resistance in cd-HA-gelatin, cd-gelatin + lubricin, and cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin tendons was less than the control tendons after 1,000 cycles (p < 0.05). The increase in average gliding resistance of cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin treated tendons was also less than that of the cd-HA-gelatin treated tendons (p < 0.05). The surfaces of the repaired tendons and associated pulleys were assessed qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy and appeared smooth after 1,000 cycles of tendon motion for the cd-HA-gelatin, cd-gelatin + lubricin, and cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin treated tendons, while that of the saline control appeared roughened. These results suggest that tendon surface modification can improve tendon gliding ability, with a trend suggesting that lubricin fixed on the repaired tendon may provide additional improvement over that provided by HA and gelatin alone.
Complications of Laparoscopic and Percutaneous Renal Cryoablation in a Single Tertiary Referral Center

Abstract Background Laparoscopic cryoablation (LCA) and percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) of small renal masses have gained popularity, but only limited data exist on the complication rates. Objectives In this study, we report on postoperative complications associated with LCA and PCA in a single tertiary center experience. Design, setting, and participants We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records for patients undergoing LCA or PCA between 2001 and 2008 at our institution. Interventions All patients underwent LCA or PCA. Measurements Demographics, radiographic variables, and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Complications were classified according to the modified Clavien system. Results and limitations Of a total of 195 patients included in this study, 72 underwent LCA and 123 underwent PCA. There were no differences in demographics between the groups. We observed complications in 10 LCA procedures (13.9%) and 26 PCA procedures (21.1%) ( p =0.253). The distribution of the complications differed significantly between the groups with mild complications (grades 1 and 2) more common in the PCA group (20.3% vs 5.6%, respectively; p =0.001), whereas severe events (grades 3 and 4) were more frequent in the LCA group (8.3% vs 0.8%, respectively; p =0.011). On multivariate analysis, age and body mass index were inversely associated with complications, whereas female gender, multiple tumors, and preexisting comorbidities showed a trend toward increased risk. Conclusions LCA and PCA, although minimally invasive, are not void of complications. Most of the complications encountered are mild; however, severe (grade 3 or 4) events may occur in up to 3.6% of patients. PCA may be associated with a higher rate of complications, although most of these are mild and transient. However, on multivariate analysis, the chosen ablative approach (laparoscopic or percutaneous) is not associated with the risk of complications.
Texture models and image measures for texture discrimination

The task of texture segmentation is to identify image curves that separate different textures. To segment textured images, one must first be able to discriminate textures. A segmentation algorithm performs texture-discrimination tests at densely spaced image positions, then interprets the results to localize edges. This article focuses on the first stage, texture discrimination. We distinguish between perceptual and physical texture differences: the former differences are those perceived by humans, while the latter, on which we concentrate, are those defined by differences in the processes that create the texture in the scene. Physical texture discrimination requires computing image texture measures that allow the inference of physical differences in texture processes, which in turn requires modeling texture in the scene. We use a simple texture model that describes textures by distributions of shape, position, and color of substructures. From this model, a set of image texture measures is derived that allows reliable texture discrimination. These measures are distributions of overall substructure length, width, and orientation; edge length and orientation; and differences in averaged color. Distributions are estimated without explicitly isolating image substructures. Tests of statistical significance are used to compare texture measures. A forced-choice method for evaluating texture measures is described. The proposed measures provide empirical discrimination accuracy of 84 to 100% on a large set of natural textures. By comparison, Laws' texture measures provide less than 50% accuracy when used with the same texture-edge detector. Finally, the measures can distinguish textures differing in second-order statistics, although those statistics are not explicitly measured.
Proline 107 Is a Major Determinant in Maintaining the Structure of the Distal Pocket and Reactivity of the High-Spin Heme of MauG

The diheme enzyme MauG catalyzes a six-electron oxidation required for posttranslational modification of a precursor of methylamine dehydrogenase (preMADH) to complete the biosynthesis of its protein-derived tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) cofactor. Crystallographic studies had shown that Pro107, which resides in the distal pocket of the high-spin heme of MauG, changes conformation upon binding of CO or NO to the heme iron. In this study, Pro107 was converted to Cys, Val, and Ser by site-directed mutagenesis. The structures of each of these MauG mutant proteins in complex with preMADH were determined, as were their physical and catalytic properties. P107C MauG was inactive, and the crystal structure revealed that Cys107 had been oxidatively modified to a sulfinic acid. Mass spectrometry revealed that this modification was present prior to crystallization. P107V MauG exhibited spectroscopic and catalytic properties that were similar to those of wild-type MauG, but P107V MauG was more susceptible to oxidative damage. The P107S mutation caused a structural change that resulted in the five-coordinate high-spin heme being converted to a six-coordinate heme with a distal axial ligand provided by Glu113. EPR and resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed this heme remained high-spin but with greatly increased rhombicity as compared to that of the axialmore » signal of wild-type MauG. P107S MauG was resistant to reduction by dithionite and reaction with H{sub 2}O{sub 2} and unable to catalyze TTQ biosynthesis. These results show that the presence of Pro107 is critical in maintaining the proper structure of the distal heme pocket of the high-spin heme of MauG, allowing exogenous ligands to bind and directing the reactivity of the heme-activated oxygen during catalysis, thus minimizing the oxidation of other residues of MauG.« less
Investigation of improved magnetic materials for PPM-focused low-noise traveling-wave tubes

Low-noise traveling-wave tubes focused by a combination of a uniform field in the gun region and periodic field (PPM field) over the remainder of the tube usually have a noise figure from 3 to 5 dB higher than those of tubes focused by a uniform magnetic field (PM field). This paper describes how this disadvantage of higher noise has been largely overcome as a result of improvements in magnetic materials and PPM-focusing circuit design. The electrostatic lens effects were reduced by reducing the transverse magnetic field with more uniform magnets and by reducing the period for improved transmission. The magnetic lens effect in the drift region was minimized by extending the length of the uniform gun field so that at least 3 dB of gain occurred in this region. The final tube showed improved electrical and environmental results. A maximum noise figure of 7.9 dB was achieved from 6.4 to 12.0 Gc/s. Noise figures of 6.7 to 6.9 dB were obtained over the 9.2 to 10.2 Gc/s band. The final 5.3 lb low-noise amplifier offers a substantial weight and volume reduction for most low-noise applications and demonstrated compliance with MIL-E-5400F Class 2 equipment specifications.
National Identity: Civic, Ethnic, Hybrid, and Atomised Individuals

Abstract We challenge the civic–ethnic dichotomy drawn by previous authors and propose a four-category typology of identities based on out-group tolerance and in-group attachment. Drawing from work on national identity formation and nation-building, we test hypotheses about the processes that cause individuals to adopt one identity over others using survey data based on representative samples of five ethnic groups in Ukraine. We find that the effects of socialisation processes vary greatly depending upon ethnic group. Our results challenge some long-held assumptions about the potential destabilising effects of ‘ethnic’ identities and the degree to which ‘civic’ identities correspond to values and behaviours supportive of democracy.
12-year retention of stimulus and schedule control

After having initially been trained for a classroom demonstration, a pigeon was tested for retention following a 12-year period without intervening training. Strong evidence was obtained of stimulus control and substantial evidence was found of schedule control by the fixed-interval and fixed-ratio components of the multiple schedule used in initial training.
HETEROGENEITY OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FOLLOWING DEATH OF INDIVIDUAL PLANTS IN SHORTGRASS STEPPE

The shortgrass steppe of northern Colorado is characterized by patchy plant cover and associated spatial heterogeneity of soil resources. Zones of relatively high soil organic matter (SOM) under plants are maintained by direct litter inputs and physical stabilization of aeolian material. We studied the duration of plant-associated soil enrichment following plant death. We sampled soils between plants, under live plants, and under plants dead for 1, 9, and 36 mo. Live- and dead-plant soils were more enriched in total C and N than bare soils. We found a general pattern following plant death of initial active and total SOM increase due to greater litterfall than decomposition. Next, SOM decreased as substrate supplies declined, and decomposition continued. The temporal pattern depended upon SOM turnover. Though decomposition initially provided resources to maintain enriched plant-associated zones, our results suggest that enriched nutrient-supply zones under dead plants do not persist beyond several months.
Separation of malignant and benign masses using maximum-likelihood modeling and neural networks

This study attempted to accurately segment the masses and distinguish malignant from benign tumors. The masses were segmented using a technique that combines pixel aggregation with maximum likelihood analysis. We found that the segmentation method can delineate the tumor body as well as tumor peripheral regions covering typical mass boundaries and some spiculation patterns. We have developed a Multiple Circular Path Convolution Neural Network (MCPCNN) to analyze a set of mass intensity, shape, and texture features for determination of the tumors as malignant or benign. The features were also fed into a conventional neural network for comparison. We also used values obtained from the maximum likelihood values as inputs into a conventional backpropagation neural network. We have tested these methods on 51 mammograms using a grouped Jackknife experiment incorporated with the ROC method. Tumor sizes ranged from 6mm to 3cm. The conventional neural network whose inputs were image features achieved an Az of 0.66. However the MCPCNN achieved an Az value of 0.71. The conventional neural network whose inputs were maximum likelihood values achieved an Az value of 0.84. In addition, the maximum likelihood segmentation method can identify the mass body and boundary regions, which is essential to the analysis of mammographic masses.