cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What the flip: impact of flipped instruction on self-regulated learning

Flipped instruction, while becoming a more common pedagogical approach is still a nascent area for empirical research. This comparative case study of the use of flipped instruction in two courses – one face-to-face and the other online – by the same instructor examines how flipped instruction can be used differently in different courses. The study examines how students interact with flipped video content and how their use of it supports self-regulated learning. Findings suggest that flipped instruction both requires and cultivates self-regulated learning. Flipped instruction provides temporal ‘space’ for metacognition and increases student self-efficacy and motivation. While flipped instruction has limitations, it makes online learning more palatable. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research.
Development of sucking behavior in infants with Down's syndrome

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the development of sucking behavior in infants with Down's syndrome. The sucking behavior of 14 infants with Down's syndrome was consecutively studied at 1, 4, 8 and 12 mo of age. They were free from complications that may cause sucking difficulty. The sucking pressure, expression pressure, frequency and duration were measured. In addition, an ultrasound study during sucking was performed in sagittal planes. Although levels of the sucking pressure and duration were in the normal range, significant development occurred with time. Ultrasonographic images showed deficiency in the smooth peristaltic tongue movement. CONCLUSION The sucking deficiency in Down's syndrome may result from not only hypotonicity of the perioral muscles, lips and masticatory muscles, but also deficiency in the smooth tongue movement. This approach using the sucking pressure waveform and ultrasonography can help in the examination of the development of sucking behavior, intraoral movement and therapeutic effects.
Role of acetylated human AP-endonuclease (APE1/Ref-1) in regulation of the parathyroid hormone gene

The human AP-endonuclease (APE1/Ref-1), a multifunctional protein central to repairing abasic sites and single-strand breaks in DNA, also plays a role in transcriptional regulation. Besides activating some transcription factors, APE1 is directly involved in Ca2+-dependent downregulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs) present in the PTH promoter. Here we show that APE1 is acetylated both in vivo and in vitro by the transcriptional co-activator p300 which is activated by Ca2+. Acetylation at Lys6 or Lys7 enhances binding of APE1 to nCaRE. APE1 stably interacts with class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in vivo. An increase in extracellular calcium enhances the level of acetylated APE1 which acts as a repressor for the PTH promoter. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that acetylation of APE1 enhanced binding of the APE1-HDACs complex to the PTH promoter. These results indicate that acetylation of APE1 plays an important role in this key repair protein's action in transcriptional regulation.
Correlated measurements of DNA, RNA, and protein in individual cells by flow cytometry

A cytochemical method was developed to differentially stain cellular DNA, RNA, and proteins with fluorochromes Hoechst 33342, pyronin Y, and fluorescein isothiocyanate, respectively. The fluorescence intensities, reflecting the DNA, RNA, and protein content of individual cells, were measured in a flow cytometer after sequential excitation by three lasers tuned to different excitation wavelengths. The method offers rapid analysis of changes in the cellular content of RNA and protein as well as in the RNA-protein, RNA-DNA, and protein-DNA ratios in relation to cell cycle position for large cell populations. An analysis of cycling cell populations (exponentially growing CHO cultures) and noncycling CHO cells arrested in the G1 phase by growth in isoleucine-free medium demonstrated the potential of the technique.
The university of Hawaii speech program

(1950). The university of Hawaii speech program. Western Speech: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 15-18.
A review of cross-cultural training: Best practices, guidelines, and research needs.

The purpose of this article is to present the best practices of cross-cultural training (CCT) in terms of what organizations are doing and what they should be doing. In presenting the best practice...
Incorporating Evolutionary Theory into the Teaching of Psychology

The purpose of this article is to encourage teachers of psychology to make greater explicit use of evolutionary theory in their courses. Examples and arguments are presented to show that evolutionary theory can help students (a) think critically about classic psychological theories; (b) understand psychology's recent shift away from general theories toward narrower, domain-specific theories; (c) think about the possible adaptive functions of psychological phenomena that are often considered only as pathologies; and (d) understand the rationales behind cross-species comparisons in psychology. The article also exposes three mis-beliefs that seem to have helped dissuade many psychologists from taking advantage of evolutionary theory in their thinking and teaching.
Metabolic Imaging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Detects Altered Choline Metabolism

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal disease that develops relatively symptom-free and is therefore advanced at the time of diagnosis. The absence of early symptoms and effective treatments has created a critical need for identifying and developing new noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Experimental Design: We investigated the metabolism of a panel of PDAC cell lines in culture and noninvasively in vivo with 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to identify noninvasive biomarkers and uncover potential metabolic targets. Results: We observed elevated choline-containing compounds in the PDAC cell lines and tumors. These elevated choline-containing compounds were easily detected by increased total choline (tCho) in vivo , in spectroscopic images obtained from tumors. Principal component analysis of the spectral data identified additional differences in metabolites between immortalized human pancreatic cells and neoplastic PDAC cells. Molecular characterization revealed overexpression of choline kinase (Chk)-α, choline transporter 1 (CHT1), and choline transporter–like protein 1 (CTL1) in the PDAC cell lines and tumors. Conclusions: Collectively, these data identify new metabolic characteristics of PDAC and reveal potential metabolic targets. Total choline detected with 1 H MRSI may provide an intrinsic, imaging probe–independent biomarker to complement existing techniques in detecting PDAC. The expression of Chk-α, CHT1, and CTL1 may provide additional molecular markers in aspirated cytological samples. Clin Cancer Res; 21(2); 386–95. ©2014 AACR .
INWARD RECTIFIER POTASSIUM CHANNELS

▪ Abstract The past three years have seen remarkable progress in research on the molecular basis of inward rectification, with significant implications for basic understanding and pharmacological manipulation of cellular excitability. Expression cloning of the first inward rectifier K channel (Kir) genes provided the necessary breakthrough that has led to isolation of a family of related clones encoding channels with the essential functional properties of classical inward rectifiers, ATP-sensitive K channels, and muscarinic receptor-activated K channels. High-level expression of cloned channels led to the discovery that classical inward so-called anomalous rectification is caused by voltage-dependent block of the channel by polyamines and Mg2+ ions, and it is now clear that a similar mechanism results in inward rectification of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-kainate receptor channels. Knowledge of the primary structures of Kir channels and the ability to mutate them also has led t...
Validity: on the meaningful interpretation of assessment data

support or fail to support the proposed score interpretations, at a given point in time. Data and logic are assembled into arguments – pro and con – for some specific interpretation of assessment data. Examples of types of validity evidence, data and information from each source are discussed in the context of a high-stakes written and performance examination in medical education. Conclusion All assessments require evidence of the reasonableness of the proposed interpretation, as test data in education have little or no intrinsic meaning. The constructs purported to be measured by our assessments are important to students, faculty, administrators, patients and society and require solid scientific evidence of their meaning.
Quasiperiodic and Stochastic Intramolecular Dynamics: The Nature of Intramolecular Energy Transfer

These lectures are intended to provide an elementary account of the nature of intramolecular energy transfer in isolated molecules. This subject has attracted considerable attention recently, in part because of advances in classical mechanics and in part in response to the need for analysis of the consequences of selective photoexcitation of molecules. The relevant literature is now quite extensive, and it contains contributions representing an enormous range of approaches and goals. Moreover, the techniques of analysis used range from abstract topological description of the general behaviour of a class of systems to numerical integration of the equations of motion of a particular system. In the limited time (and space) available for these lectures I can do no more than sketch some of the principle ideas advanced. Insofar as it is possible I will focus attention on the dynamics of intramolecular energy exchange, that is on the time evolution of nonstationary states of an isolated molecule.
Immigrant Networks in New Urban Spaces: Gender and Social Integration

This article investigates how dispersed settlement in areas of urban sprawl affects the structure of personal networks that in turn influences the likelihood of social integration among male and female immigrants from Taiwan. Settlement in the deconcentrated spaces that currently constitute the new urban spaces of U.S. metropolitan areas potentially offers more opportunities to interact with ethnically diverse people than the traditional ethnic enclaves of inner cities. However, these spatial structures also increase dependency on cars and road systems. Findings from ethnographic fieldwork in Orange County, California, show that the social networks of affluent first generation immigrants from Taiwan are not comparable to the densely knit broadly based ties linking neighbors and kin group members traditionally attributed to immigrants. Instead, the social networks of immigrants with high levels of human and economic capital are based on loosely bounded, sparsely knit, and dynamic specialized ties. At the local level networks involve few ties to extended relatives, but a substantial amount of relationships with former classmates and members of recreational associations. However, despite good English skills and employment in diverse workplaces the number of interactions with nonimmigrants outside of work and school environments is rather small. These circumstances are experienced differently by men and women. Female immigrants consider living in the deconcentrated spaces of master-plan communities beneficial for achieving personal contentment. They welcome the changed conditions for social interaction and enjoy the decrease in network size and frequency of contacts that result in less obligations and responsibilities compared to life back in their country of origin. Male immigrants, however, mourn the loss of opportunities to gain reputation and social recognition. They would prefer to live in areas with close spatial proximity of immigrant residences. These gendered evaluations further affect the likelihood of social integration for first generation immigrants.
Haptic Augmentation of Science Instruction: Does Touch Matter?

This study investigated the impact of haptic augmentation of a science inquiry program on students' learning about viruses and nanoscale science. The study assessed how the addition of different types of haptic feedback (active touch and kinesthetic feedback) combined with computer visualizations influenced middle and high school students' experiences. The influences of a PHANToM (a sophisticated haptic desktop device), a Sidewinder (a haptic gaming joystick), and a mouse (no haptic feedback) interface were compared. The levels of engagement in the instruction and students' attitudes about the instructional program were assessed using a combination of constructed response and Likert scale items. Potential cognitive differences were examined through an analysis of spontaneously generated analogies that appeared during student discourse. Results showed that the addition of haptic feedback from the haptic-gaming joystick and the PHANToM provided a more immersive learning environment that not only made the instruction more engaging but may also influence the way in which the students construct their understandings about abstract science concepts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed90:111–123, 2006
A fast level set algorithm for shape-based segmentation with multiple selective priors

This paper addresses the shape-based segmentation problem using level sets. In particular, we propose a fast algorithm to solve the piece-wise constant Chan-Vese segmentation model with shape priors and labeling functions. Instead of directly solving the underlying PDE, we calculate the energy and check how it changes when we move image points from inside the region enclosed by the evolving interface to the outside region and vice-vera. This algorithm is then extended to the case of multi-phase Chan-Vese model, with multiple selective shape priors and a corresponding labeling function for each prior. This makes our algorithm different from that in [1] and other similar works in different aspects. On one hand, our algorithm is not restricted to two regions, but allows segmentation into several regions. On the other hand, more than one shape prior can be taken into account in our implementation. In addition, the proposed algorithm improves dramatically the computational speed. Experimental results, on both synthetic and real images, demonstrate the performance of our algorithm and the computational improvements it offers.
Observed Dynamic Structure of an Intense Oceanic Cyclone

Abstract A major extratropical cyclone developed over the East China Sea during the initial phase of the AMTEX'75. Using cross-section analyses the dynamic structure of the cyclone is investigated with an emphasis on obtaining a better understanding of the physical mechanisms controlling the development and maintenance of this intense oceanic system. The dynamic and kinematic variables examined include ageostrophic acceleration, potential and absolute vorticity, and vertical and horizontal motions. During the 24-h period following 1200 UTC 14 February, the surface cyclone moved eastward more than 22° longitude, while the upper-level trough propagated only about 15°. In the same period, the central pressure at the surface dropped more than 20 mb while the areas extent of the closed circulation showed little change. Vertical decoupling of the wave-cyclone system is suggested by this discrepancy in phase speed, and by the temporal evolution of the trough axis and the height fields during the lust 12 h. Laten...
A new Oviraptorosaur (Theropoda, Maniraptora) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Utah

ABSTRACT Recent field expeditions to Upper Cretaceous deposits within Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah, have revealed a diverse dinosaurian fauna that includes a previously unknown oviraptorosaur theropod. Represented by a single partial specimen consisting of manal and pedal elements, this new taxon, Hagryphus giganteus, gen. et. sp. nov., is estimated to be 30–40% larger than the coeval oviraptorosaur Chirostenotes. The holotype consists of a nearly complete, articulated left manus, a partial, articulated pedal digit II, and a series of fragmentary pedal phalanges and distal metatarsals. Several autapomorphies are present in the manus, related primarily to proportional differences in metacarpals and phalanges. Previous finds of North American oviraptorosaurs have been restricted to Alberta, Montana, and South Dakota. The discovery of this new specimen from southern Utah greatly expands the known geographic distribution of these theropods, nearly doubling the previously document...
SLAM-Based Spatial Memory for Behavior-Based Robots

Abstract Knowledge is essential for an autonomous robot to act intelligently when tasked with a mission. With recent leaps of progress, the paradigm of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) has emerged as an ideal source of spatial knowledge for autonomous robots. However, despite advancements in both paradigms of SLAM and robot control, research in the integration of these areas has been lacking and remained open to investigation. This paper presents an integration of SLAM into a behavior-based robotic system as a dynamically acquired spatial memory, which can be used to enable new behaviors and augment existing ones. The effectiveness of the integrated system is demonstrated with a biohazard search mission, where a robot is tasked to search and locate a biohazard within an unknown environment under a time constraint.
Trends in cervical and breast cancer screening practices among women in rural and urban areas of the United States.

Objective The objective of this study was to assess rural-urban differences in mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening. Methods Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1994-2000, 2002, 2004) were used to examine trends in these two tests by rural-urban residence location. Results In 2004, 70.8 percent of rural and 75.7 percent of urban respondents had received timely mammography; this difference remained significant in adjusted analyses and was greatest for women in remote rural locations. Although overall participation in mammography increased over time, a persistent rural-urban gap was identified. In contrast, in 2004, while 83.1 percent of rural and 86.1 percent of urban respondents had received a timely Pap test, the adjusted difference was not significant and Pap testing did not improve over time. Advanced age and low socioeconomic status were associated with a lack of screening. Conclusions Over an 11-year interval, mammography screening improved nationally, but women living in rural locations remained less likely than their urban counterparts to receive this test. However, no secular improvement in Pap testing was found, and no significant rural-urban differences were observed. Policy implications Interventions to improve breast cancer screening are needed for rural women. Such efforts should target older women and those with low socioeconomic status.
Effect of estrogen and estrogen-like compounds on atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed cockerels.

SummaryCoronary and aortic atherosclerosis were studied in white leghorn cockerels fed an atherogenic diet and treated with parenteral estradiol benzoate or synthetic estrogen compounds of lower feminizing potency. The estradiol benzoate gave the expected feminization and protection against coronary atherosclerosis and enhanced thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. The 2 iodo-estrone acetate gave some suggested protection to the coronary vasculature, but was not clearly different from the other analogues in this respect. The 2 iodo-estrone enhanced aortic atherosclerosis and was significantly different in this effect from the other analogues. These observations suggest that the effects on atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and aorta are mediated through molecular configurations different from those mediating feminization.
More than Words? The Effects of Policy Reforms on Entrepreneurial Firms

Entrepreneurial firms are vital sources of economic and innovative activity. Not surprisingly, a host of policy interventions—ranging from direct aid to indirect tax credits—strive to stimulate the...
A network calculus foundation for smart-grids where demand and supply vary in space and time

We study the exciting potential of a smart-grid where large adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) intersects with wide deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). In such a grid, both demand and supply of energy are expected to vary in time, but crucially also in space. This exposes a continuum of policies between displacing demand in space and displacing demand in time, for matching demand and supply. To formally model and analyse such policies, we propose Multi-dimensional Network Calculus (MNC), which extends the classical Network Calculus from a single dimension of time to multiple dimensions. As foundational aspects of MNC, we introduce abstractions of arrival and service surfaces, their properties, and analyses under different policies. As a concrete example, we analyse a smart-grid-enabled highway that is plied by EVs with swappable batteries which are exclusively charged by a set of solar farms stationed along the highway. With real-world traffic and solar output data, we analyse such a setting and demonstrate the application of MNC to design policies and provide bounds on Quality-of-Service (QoS) metrics.
Discussion of the formation, metabolism, and physiologic effects of melatonin.

Publisher Summary Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) (measured in vitro) has the lowest activity of the four enzymes involved in melatonin biosynthesis, suggesting that this enzyme determines the rate at which melatonin is synthesized in vivo. The activity of HIOMT in rat pineals is determined from the rate of accumulation of melatonin-14C incubated in the presence of N-acetylserotonin and S-adenosylrnethionine-methyl-14C. The identity and purity of melatonin is determined by paper chromatography. The change in activity of HIOMT with light is discussed in the chapter. The light-induced change of HIOMT measured in vitro is related to the conditions of assay, that is, by the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine. Pineal adenyl cyclase activity of rats kept in constant light for 9 days is shown to be higher and significantly more responsive to the stimulatory effects of NE than that of rats kept in darkness. Other studies have shown that these changes in pineal adenyl cyclase activity are evident within 3 hours after exposure to light.
A Combined ARIMA and Neural Network Approach for Time Series Forecasting

This chapter presents a combined ARIMA and neural network approach for time series forecasting. The model contains three steps: (1) fitting a linear ARIMA model to the time series under study, (2) building a neural network model based on the residuals from the ARIMA model, and (3) combine the ARIMA prediction and the neural network result to form the final forecast. By combining different models, we aim to take advantage of the unique modeling capability of each individual model and improve forecasting performance dramatically. The effectiveness of the combining approach is demonstrated and discussed with three applications. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB9537 IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, Neural Networks in Business Forecasting, edited by G. Peter Zhang. Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
Approach to Low Risk Newborns

Of the approximately 4 million live births occurring annually in the United States [1] over 90% require nothing but routine care of the infant in the delivery room. The majority of these births are considered low risk, but the percentage of deliveries that are categorized as low risk has decreased in recent years. This is in part due to increasing numbers of births at the extremes of childbearing age, an increase in complications due to maternal morbidities such as obesity, and an increasing preterm birth rate.
Genetic Counseling: Models and Visions

The professional attitudes and competencies of genetic counselors are often informed by either a teaching model or a psychotherapeutic model. This bifurcation within the profession is generally accepted in the genetic counseling literature despite a diversity of modeling strategies. Evidence of the pervasiveness of the two-model approach can be seen in the analytic schemes of empirical studies that distinguish educational and counseling communication styles. An interest in a unified model has motivated discussion of how to combine the teaching and the psychotherapeutic models. Attempts have been made to subsume one model under another or to combine them by simple addition. In this project, I endorse an alternative model of genetic counseling; in this chapter, I claim that the teaching and psychotherapeutic models are underwritten by problematic visions of communication that disqualify them as theoretical contenders.
Involvement of multiple stressors induced by non-thermal plasma-charged aerosols during inactivation of airborne bacteria

A lab-scale, tunable, single-filament, point-to-point nonthermal dieletric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma device was built to study the mechanisms of inactivation of aerosolized bacterial pathogens. The system inactivates airborne antibiotic-resistant pathogens efficiently. Nebulization mediated pre-optimized (4 log and 7 log) bacterial loads were challenged to plasma-charged aerosols, and lethal and sublethal doses determined using colony assay, and cell viability assay; and the loss of membrane potential and cellular respiration were determined using cell membrane potential assay and XTT assay. Using the strategies of Escherichia coli wildtype, over-expression mutant, deletion mutants, and peroxide and heat stress scavenging, we analyzed activation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat shock protein (hsp) chaperons. Superoxide dismutase deletion mutants (ΔsodA, ΔsodB, ΔsodAΔsodB) and catalase mutants ΔkatG and ΔkatEΔkatG did not show significant difference from wildtype strain, and ΔkatE and ΔahpC was found significantly more susceptible to cell death than wildtype. The oxyR regulon was found to mediate plasma-charged aerosol-induced oxidative stress in bacteria. Hsp deficient E. coli (ΔhtpG, ΔgroEL, ΔclpX, ΔgrpE) showed complete inactivation of cells at ambient temperature, and the treatment at cold temperature (4°C) significantly protected hsp deletion mutants and wildtype cells, and indicate a direct involvement of hsp in plasma-charged aerosol mediated E. coli cell death.
Heat capacity of rubidium tungsten bronze

Rubidium tungsten bronze (Rb x WO3) is a nonstoichiometric metallic compound whose variation in x value allows the electron concentration to be changed without altering the crystal structure. Magneli,1 who determined the crystal structure, found that the hexagonal lattice has channels along the c axis formed from WO6 octahedra joined at their corners. The rubidium ions lie in these channels. When all the channel sites are occupied x = 0.33, so this x value corresponds to the upper limit for the formation of hexagonal Rb x WO3.
Selection for juvenile body weight in chickens: Standardizing for scaling.

Abstract The influence of scaling on phenotypic responses to long-term selection was evaluated in lines of chickens selected for high (HWS) and low (LWS) 8-week body weight. The focus of the experiment was on phenotypic correlations between means and standard deviations, and unadjusted vs. standardized responses. Traits measured were body weight at 4 (BW4) and 8 wk (BW8). Correlations between means and standard deviations for BW8 (the selected trait) were positive and greater for BW4 in LWS than HWS. In both lines, scaling masked the degree more than the pattern of response; however, after standardization, it was greater in LWS than HWS. Selection changed the standard deviation units of juvenile BW with a 2-fold difference in BW8 for both HWS and LWS in which the latter reached a physiological limit. Standardization is a robust method to adjust for scaling, thus enhancing the interpretability of responses in long-term selection experiments. Because of changes in variances associated with those in phenotypic means, this method to correct for part-whole correlations was useful.
Ethnically Sensitive Practice to Enhance Treatment Participation of African American Men who Batter

Partner violence is as much a problem for the African American community as it is for other racial and ethnic groups. Although the element of race may have an impact on the effectiveness of traditi...
Kosovo: Where It All Began

Kosovo, a largely ethnically Albanian province of the Serbian republic, played an important role in Yugoslavia's troubles in the last two decades of the twentieth century. Shortly after Tito's death in 1980, disturbances in Kosovo set the Albanians and the Serbs on a collision course and also polarized the country politically. Ironically, when Yugoslavia began to disintegrate in 1991, and as it fell into four years of warfare, Kosovo remained relatively calm. Only after the Dayton peace, in late 1995, did Kosovo's Albanians opt for a militant policy toward the Serbs. Meanwhile Serbs escalated their oppression of the local population. International diplomatic intervention failed to defuse tensions, and ultimately, NATO initiated military action to stop Serbia. NATO prevailed in the seventy-eight day engagement in 1999, while Kosovo acquired greater autonomy and was put under UN protection.
Analysis of rate of penetration (ROP) prediction in drilling using physics-based and data-driven models

Abstract Modeling the rate of penetration of the drill bit is essential for optimizing drilling operations. This paper evaluates two different approaches to ROP prediction: physics-based and data-driven modeling approach. Three physics-based models or traditional models have been compared to data-driven models. Data-driven models are built using machine learning algorithms, using surface measured input features - weight-on-bit, RPM, and flow rate – to predict ROP. Both models are used to predict ROP; models are compared with each other based on accuracy and goodness of fit (R 2 ). Based on the results from these simulations, it was concluded that data-driven models are more accurate and provide a better fit than traditional models. Data-driven models performed better with a mean error of 12% and improve the R 2 of ROP prediction from 0.12 to 0.84. The authors have formulated a method to calculate the uncertainty (confidence interval) of ROP predictions, which can be useful in engineering based drilling decisions.
Brown, C. Christopher The Road to Jim Crow: The African American Struggle on Maryland's Eastern Shore, 1860–1915 Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society 384 pp., $22.96, ISBN 978-0-9965944-1-7 Publication Date: February 2016

C. Christopher Brown is a lawyer, educator, and activist. In the early 1990s, he served as lead counsel in civil rights litigation that brought about comprehensive electoral reform on Maryland's Ea...
Conjunctive Possible Global Predicates

In this chapter, we discuss detection of a global property based on a single global state. We will further assume that properties are specified as a conjunction of predicates each of which is local to a process or a channel. The property to be detected may or may not be stable. The detection algorithms discussed in this chapter are based on timestamp vectors. Each process detects its local predicate and records the timestamp associated with the event. These timestamps are sent to a checker process which uses them to decide if the global predicate became true. We show that this method uses the optimal number of comparisons by providing an adversary argument.
On some tractable cases of logical filtering

Filtering denotes any method whereby an agent updates its belief state—its knowledge of the state of the world—from a sequence of actions and observations. In logical filtering, the belief state is a logical formula describing the possible world states. Efficient algorithms for logical filtering bear important implications on reasoning tasks such as planning and diagnosis. In this paper, we will identify classes of transition constraints that are amenable to compact and indefinite filtering—presenting efficient algorithms wherever necessary. We will first show that connected row-convex (CRC) constraints are amenable to efficient filtering when path-consistency is enforced in appropriate steps. We will then extend this theory to provide a filtering algorithm based on repeatedly enforcing path-consistency and embedding the domain values of the related variables in tree structures to guarantee global consistency. Finally, we will identify and comment on the problem of multi-agent localization as a potential application of the theory developed in the paper (under some reasonable assumptions).
Psychosocial Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

The purpose of this chapter is not to attempt a comprehensive analysis of the cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders. There are simply too many different strategies and techniques to incorporate into the present chapter. Nor is an attempt made to cover the full range of anxiety disorders. Rather, the chapter focuses on some current treatment issues, which, it can be argued, are of particular conceptual and clinical importance. The chapter draws mainly on the treatment of agoraphobia and panic. One reason for this choice is the clinical significance of agoraphobia and panic disorders, as well as the fact that a good deal is already known about the treatment of agoraphobia from a cognitive-behavioral perspective so that it provides a useful framework for examining relevant conceptual issues. Much of what is said here is directly applicable to other complex anxiety-based problems.
Impact of multidisciplinary management in the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NET).

629Background: The incidence and prevalence of NETs is increasing and diagnosis and pathologic evaluation of NETs is complex. Given the new advances in local and systemic therapies, multidisciplina...
Evaluating Performance of National Hockey League Players After a Concussion Versus Lower Body Injury

Context Concussions elicit changes in brain function that may extend well beyond clinical symptom recovery. Whether these changes produce meaningful deficits outside the laboratory environment is u...
Utilizing Whole Fusobacterium Genomes To Identify, Correct, and Characterize Potential Virulence Protein Families

ABSTRACT Fusobacterium spp. are Gram-negative, anaerobic, opportunistic pathogens involved in multiple diseases, including a link between the oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and the progression and severity of colorectal cancer. The identification and characterization of virulence factors in the genus Fusobacterium has been greatly hindered by a lack of properly assembled and annotated genomes. Using newly completed genomes from nine strains and seven species of Fusobacterium, we report the identification and corrected annotation of verified and potential virulence factors from the type 5 secreted autotransporter, FadA, and MORN2 protein families, with a focus on the genetically tractable strain F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 23726 and type strain F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Within the autotransporters, we used sequence similarity networks to identify protein subsets and show a clear differentiation between the prediction of outer membrane adhesins, serine proteases, and proteins with unknown function. These data have identified unique subsets of type 5a autotransporters, which are key proteins associated with virulence in F. nucleatum. However, we coupled our bioinformatic data with bacterial binding assays to show that a predicted weakly invasive strain of F. necrophorum that lacks a Fap2 autotransporter adhesin strongly binds human colonocytes. These analyses confirm a gap in our understanding of how autotransporters, MORN2 domain proteins, and FadA adhesins contribute to host interactions and invasion. In summary, we identify candidate virulence genes in Fusobacterium, and caution that experimental validation of host-microbe interactions should complement bioinformatic predictions to increase our understanding of virulence protein contributions in Fusobacterium infections and disease. IMPORTANCEFusobacterium spp. are emerging pathogens that contribute to mammalian and human diseases, including colorectal cancer. Despite a validated connection with disease, few proteins have been characterized that define a direct molecular mechanism for Fusobacterium pathogenesis. We report a comprehensive examination of virulence-associated protein families in multiple Fusobacterium species and show that complete genomes facilitate the correction and identification of multiple, large type 5a secreted autotransporter genes in previously misannotated or fragmented genomes. In addition, we use protein sequence similarity networks and human cell interaction experiments to show that previously predicted noninvasive strains can indeed bind to and potentially invade human cells and that this could be due to the expansion of specific virulence proteins that drive Fusobacterium infections and disease.
Dataset of plant community composition in the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve, Oregon, USA.

Abstract These data support the research article: “Non-native species threaten the biotic integrity of the largest remnant Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass prairie in the United States” Endress et al. (2019) [1].The data were collected at the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve (Zumwalt), northeastern Oregon, USA, and include vascular plant species abundance matrices from 123 plots sampled in 2008 and 2009 and the estimated abundance of dominant species in community space.
Religious History: Spirit Poured Out on All Flesh

This chapter advances a historical investigation of ecstatic Protestantism. It discusses the Camisard prophets, the Shakers, the Great Awakening described by Jonathan Edwards, and the first generation of American Pentecostalism. The biographies of Ann Lee, Charles Fox Parham, and William Seymour are used to illustrate the institutionally destabilizing power of ecstatic experience, an epistemological problem concerning the cause of ecstatic states, and ritual norms that frame such states. Mullis discusses the theology that informed early understandings of divine gifts—such as ecstatic dancing, glossolalia, and faith healing—which remain relevant in contemporary contexts. The chapter concludes by examining a biblically informed understanding of ritual reenactment and the manner in which ecstatic experience is understood in terms of specific soteriological, eschatological, and pneumatological beliefs.
Lactococcus lactis Subspecies cremoris Elicits Protection Against Metabolic Changes Induced by a Western-Style Diet.

Background & Aims A Western-style diet, which is high in fat and sugar, can cause significant dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; the diet has an especially strong effect in women, regardless of total calorie intake. Dietary supplementation with beneficial microbes might reduce the detrimental effects of a Western-style diet. We assessed the effects of Lactococcus lactis subspecies (subsp) cremoris on weight gain, liver fat, serum cholesterol, and insulin resistance in female mice on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (Western-style) diet that contained 40% fat (mostly milk fat) and 43% carbohydrate (mostly sucrose) or a calorie-matched-per-gram control diet. The diets of mice were supplemented with 1 × 109 colony-forming units of L lactis subsp cremoris ATCC 19257 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (control bacteria) 3 times per week for 16 weeks. Body weights were measured, and fecal, blood, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed. Livers were analyzed for fat accumulation and inflammation, and blood samples were analyzed for cholesterol and glucose levels. Mice were housed within Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System cages, and respiratory exchange ratio and activity were measured. Hepatic lipid profiles of L lactis subsp cremoris–supplemented mice were characterized by lipidomics mass spectrometry analysis. Results Mice fed L lactis subsp cremoris while on the Western-style diet gained less weight, developed less hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and had a lower mean serum level of cholesterol and body mass index than mice fed the control bacteria. Mice fed the L lactis subsp cremoris had increased glucose tolerance while on the Western-style diet compared to mice fed control bacteria and had alterations in hepatic lipids, including oxylipins. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with L lactis subsp cremoris in female mice on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (Western-style) diet caused them to gain less weight, develop less liver fat and inflammation, reduce serum cholesterol levels, and increase glucose tolerance compared with mice on the same diet fed control bacteria. L lactis subsp cremoris is safe for oral ingestion and might be developed for persons with metabolic and liver disorders caused by a Western-style diet.
Multiple convergent hypothalamus–brainstem circuits drive defensive behavior

The hypothalamus is composed of many neuropeptidergic cell populations and directs multiple survival behaviors, including defensive responses to threats. However, the relationship between the peptidergic identity of neurons and their roles in behavior remains unclear. Here, we address this issue by studying the function of multiple neuronal populations in the zebrafish hypothalamus during defensive responses to a variety of homeostatic threats. Cellular registration of large-scale neural activity imaging to multiplexed in situ gene expression revealed that neuronal populations encoding behavioral features encompass multiple overlapping sets of neuropeptidergic cell classes. Manipulations of different cell populations showed that multiple sets of peptidergic neurons play similar behavioral roles in this fast-timescale behavior through glutamate co-release and convergent output to spinal-projecting premotor neurons in the brainstem. Our findings demonstrate that homeostatic threats recruit neurons across multiple hypothalamic cell populations, which cooperatively drive robust defensive behaviors. Lovett-Barron et al. register in situ gene expression to cellular-level neural dynamics in behaving zebrafish and find threat-selective populations spanning multiple hypothalamic peptidergic neuron classes, which converge on brainstem defensive action premotor neurons.
Multi-Objective Vehicle Rebalancing for Ridehailing System using a Reinforcement Learning Approach.

The problem of designing a rebalancing algorithm for a large-scale ridehailing system with asymmetric demand is considered here. We pose the rebalancing problem within a semi Markov decision problem (SMDP) framework with closed queues of vehicles serving stationary, but asymmetric demand, over a large city with multiple nodes (representing neighborhoods). We assume that the passengers queue up at every node until they are matched with a vehicle. The goal of the SMDP is to minimize a convex combination of the waiting time of the passengers and the total empty vehicle miles traveled. The resulting SMDP appears to be difficult to solve for closed-form expression for the rebalancing strategy. As a result, we use a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to determine the approximately optimal solution to the SMDP. The trained policy is compared with other well-known algorithms for rebalancing, which are designed to address other objectives (such as to minimize demand drop probability) for the ridehailing problem.
Mutation of RORγT reveals a role for Th17 cells in both injury and recovery from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

To investigate T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in the setting of acute kidney injury, the gene encoding the master regulator of Th17 cell differentiation, that is, RAR-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγT), was mutated in Lewis rats using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In response to 40 min of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), RAR-related orphan receptor C (Rorc)-/- rats were resistant to injury relative to wild-type Rorc+/+ rats. This protection was associated with inhibition of IL-17 expression and reduced infiltration of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, B cells, and macrophages. To evaluate the effect of Th17 cells on repair, ischemia was increased to 50 min in Rorc-/- rats. This maneuver equalized the initial level of injury in Rorc-/- and Rorc+/+ rats 1 to 2 days post-I/R based on serum creatinine values. However, Rorc-/- rats, but not Rorc+/+ rats, failed to successfully recover renal function and had high mortality by 4 days post-I/R. Histological assessment of kidney tubules showed evidence of repair by day 4 post-I/R in Rorc+/+ rats but persistent necrosis and elevated cell proliferation in Rorc-/- rats. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ cells from the spleen of Rorc+/+ rats or supplementation of exogenous rIL-17 by an osmotic minipump improved renal function and survival of Rorc-/- rats following 50 min of I/R. This was associated with a relative decrease in the number of M1-type macrophages and a relative increase in the percentage of T regulatory cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Th17 cells have both a deleterious and a beneficial role in kidney injury and recovery, contributing to early postischemic injury and inflammation but also possibly being critical in the resolution of inflammation during kidney repair.
Computing newforms using supersingular isogeny graphs.

We describe an algorithm that we used to compute the $q$-expansions of all weight 2 cusp forms of prime level at most 800,000 and dimension at most 6. We also present an algorithm that we used to verify that there was only one cusp form of dimension 7 or more per Atkin-Lehner eigenspace. Our algorithm is based on Mestre's Methode des Graphes, and involves supersingular isogeny graphs and Wiedemann's algorithm for finding the minimal polynomial of sparse matrices over finite fields.
Liquid Nitrogen-Based Cryoablation in In Vivo Porcine Tissue: A Pilot Study.

Introduction Liquid nitrogen-based cryoablation induces freezing evenly throughout the probe tip surface, resulting in larger ablation volumes and faster treatment times. The purpose of this preliminary investigation is to determine the efficacy of the liquid nitrogen-based Visica2 Cryoablation System (Sanarus Technologies, Pleasanton, CA) in in vivo porcine kidney, liver, and fibro-fatty tissue. Methods Ablations were performed under ultrasound guidance in 4 Yorkshire pigs. The target lesion cross-section width (W) and depth (D) were 1 cm for liver (n=8), kidney (n=4), and head-neck (n=5) and 2 cm for kidney (n=4). Expected axial length (L) of the resulting lesion is approximately 4 cm. After three-day survival, the ablated tissue was harvested and histologically analysed. The mean width and depth were compared with the target diameter using a one-sample t-test. Results All animals survived the procedure. For the 1 cm target, mean dimensions (L x W x D) were 3.8±1.5 x 1.7±0.3 x 1.7±0.7 for liver, 3.0±0.5 x 2.0±0.4 x 1.7±0.6 for kidney, and 3.3±0.8 x 1.8±0.4 x 1.8±0.4 for head-neck. Mean width and depth were significantly greater than desired dimension. For the 2 cm target, mean dimensions were 3.2±0.5 x 3.1±0.8 x 1.9±0.7. Mean width and depth were not significantly different to desired target. Conclusion Our preliminary results show that the Visica2 liquid nitrogen-based cryoablation system can efficiently and reproducibly create ablation volumes in liver, kidney, and fibro-fatty tissue within 4 minutes and 12 minutes for 1cm and 2cm targeted diameters, respectively. Further investigation is necessary to determine the optimal freeze-thaw-freeze protocol for larger ablation volumes. .