cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Solution-Focused Reflection on International Social Entrepreneurship Identification

Abstract This study tests potential pathways to social entrepreneurship by assessing the influence of solution-focused reflection among individuals who participated in international service. Using a logistic regression to analyze 245 survey responses, findings support the hypothesis that solution-focused reflection is significantly related to social entrepreneurship. This finding is consistent with the behavioral theory of social entrepreneurship opportunity and the creativity model of opportunity recognition. Implications suggest opportunities for future research on ways for institutions to structure operations to help entrepreneurs identify pathways to social action.
Effect of epigallocatechin-gallate on inner retinal function in ocular hypertension and glaucoma: a short-term study by pattern electroretinogram.

Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) is a powerful antioxidant with suggested neuroprotective action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term supplementation of EGCG on inner retinal function in ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Eighteen OHT and 18 OAG patients (perimetric mean deviation: >−10 dB) were randomly assigned to assume oral placebo or EGCG over a 3-month period in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00476138). Pattern-evoked electroretinograms (PERGs) to 1.6 cycles/degree square-wave gratings, counterphased at 16 reversals/second, and standard automated perimetry (Humphrey 30–2) were assessed at the study entry (baseline), and after 3 months of placebo or EGCG. After EGCG, PERGs of OAG, but not OHT patients were increased in amplitude, compared either to baseline values (mean amplitude change: 0.06 log μV, p < 0.05) or to PERG amplitude values found in the same patients after placebo administration (mean change: −0.02 log μV, p not significant; difference between EGCG and placebo: 0.08 log μV, p < 0.05). In both OHT and OAG patients, standard automated perimetry did not show significant changes after either EGCG or placebo. In individual OAG patients, the magnitude of PERG amplitude increment after EGCG was inversely related (r = −0.8, p < 0.01) to corresponding baseline amplitudes. Although this study cannot provide evidence for long-term benefit of EGCG supplementation in OAG, and the observed effect is small, the results suggest that EGCG might favourably influence inner retinal function in eyes with early to moderately advanced glaucomatous damage.
Suicide and aging: special issue of Aging & Mental Health.

Older adults have higher rates of suicide than younger individuals in most countries worldwide (Heron et al., 2009; World Health Organization, 2003, 2014). With the size of the older adult populati...
The development of semantic relations in second language speakers: A case for Latent Semantic Analysis

This study explores how a Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) index provided by Coh-Metrix can be used as a method to examine the development of lexical networks in second language (L2) speakers. Using the LSA index along with an index of lexical development (lexical diversity), a measure of general linguistic development (TOEFL scores) and indices of lexical overlap in a yearlong longitudinal study, this study demonstrates that semantic similarity along with TOEFL and lexical diversity values significantly increase as learners study a second language. Measures of word overlap did not demonstrate significant growth. The findings demonstrate that the LSA value reported by Coh-Metrix can be used to approximate lexical growth and that L2 learners likely begin to develop tighter semantic relations between utterances and words within a short period of time. This finding implies the growth of lexical networks. This study also has important implications for the development of coherent speech patterns in L2 learners.
Molecular Evidence of Y-Autosomal Translocations in Owl Monkeys

Probe pDP1007, which contains highly conserved DNA sequences from the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome, cross-hybridized with owl monkey EcoRI restriction fragments of 1.8 kb and 6.6 kb. Southern transfer analysis of owl monkey (karyotype VI)--rodent somatic cell hybrids localized the 1.8-kb fragment on the owl monkey X chromosome and the 6.6-kb fragment, which is male specific, on chromosome 14/Y. Regional in situ chromosome mapping of pDP1007 revealed specific sites of hybridization: the distal short arm of the X chromosome of karyotypes IV, VI, and VII; the small metacentric Y of karyotype IV; the C-band positive region on the short arm of chromosome 17/Y (karyotype VII); and the C-band positive region on the long arm of chromosome 14/Y (karyotype VI). These molecular findings reinforce cytological evidence that Y-chromosomal material has been transferred to autosomes 14 and 17 in owl monkeys of karyotypes VI and VII, respectively, in which there are no independently segregating Y chromosomes.
Psychoneuroendocrine Interactions in a Reflex Ovulator

Within the past two years, radioimmuno- and protein-binding assays have provided new information concerning steroid-gonadotrophin levels in cyclic-ovulating mammals. In all species studied so far, the normal preovulatory rise in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) is preceded by an elevation in urinary or plasma estrogen. Scaramuzzi et al. (1970) obtained evidence to support a causal relationship between high estrogen secretion and LH discharge in the ewe by simultaneous radioimmunoassays of plasma LH and ovarian venous estrogen. In their studies, an elevation in estrogen concentration was measurable 24 hours before the pro-estrus rise in circulating LH. A similar estrogen-LH relationship has been demonstrated in the rat by several investigators (Exley and Dutton 1970, Brown-Grant et al. 1970, Neill et al. 1971).
Reassessment of Measuring Total Iron Binding Capacity in Acute Iron Overdose

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate recent data that suggest that total iron binding capacity (TIBC) is not a reliable laboratory parameter in assessing acute iron overdose.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search of the literature with a fan search of relevant articles.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Laboratory, human, and animal studies on the measurement and relevance of TIBC in acute iron poisoning were reviewed. These data were analyzed in light of the current guidelines for use of TIBC in assessing iron poisoning.DATA SYNTHESIS:There are significant data to suggest that the sensitivity of TIBC in acute iron poisoning is unacceptable. This lack of sensitivity is also reflected in the poor positive predictive value of TIBC. The specificity and negative predictive value are higher but not without error. One survey of 500 laboratories reported a coefficient of variation for TIBC of 16 percent (95 percent confidence interval), suggesting unacceptable accuracy.CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that TIBC may not be a reliable lab...
Electron Transfer and Redox Equilibrium Between the Iron-Sulfur Clusters in PS I: FB is the Terminal Acceptor

The X-ray structure analysis of Photosystem I (PS I) crystals at 4 A resolution [1] revealed the distances between the three iron-sulfur clusters FX, F1 and F2 functioning on the acceptor side of PS I. There is a general consensus on the assignment of the FX cluster that is bound to the PsaA and PsaB polypeptides forming the PS I core heterodimer. However, the correspondence of the clusters F1 and F2 determined from X-ray data to FA and FB clusters defined by their EPR spectra and cysteine ligands on PsaC, remained controversial. Several recent studies [2,3,4] provide evidence that FA is the cluster proximal to FX, and that FB is the distal cluster that donates electrons to ferredoxin. In this work we provide another argument for this assignment based on analysis of the rates of electron transfer between the iron-sulfur clusters obtained from experimental kinetics of P700+ reduction in isolated PS I preparations.
Low-Voltage Electron Transport in Self-Assembled Nanocrystal Arrays

Electrons traverse two-dimensional nanocrystal arrays by sequential tunneling between neighboring nanocrystals. Analysis of array conductance at zero bias-voltage gives information about underlying nanocrystal uniformity, as well as the relevant single-electron charging energy. We discuss low-temperature measurements of two-dimensional self-assembled superlattices composed of 10 nanometer diameter cobalt nanocrystals, with ~2 nm inter-nanocrystal spacing.
P124 Transcriptional regulation of the human type I IFN locus

Introduction Transcriptional activation of type I interferon (IFN-1) genes (including IFN beta and multiple IFN alpha subtypes) is essential to the immediate cellular response to virus infection and is a key antiviral defense. The induction of IFN-1 causes immunomodulation and serves to prime and coordinate subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. Virus induction of IFN beta gene expression is well known to involve rapid and dynamic changes in enhancer occupancy, nucleosome positioning, and RNA polymerase recruitment. To better understand the integration of these events and to extrapolate them to the broader type I IFN gene cluster on human chromosome 9 (9p21-22), nucleosome occupancy was examined throughout the locus. Methods Nucleosome protected DNA, generated using micrococcal nuclease digestion, was significantly enriched by a direct genomic selection process and followed by deep sequencing to generate nucleosome maps of the entire locus throughout a time course of Sendai virus infection. In parallel, the early transcriptional initiation events leading to IFN gene activation have been studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR. Results Nucleosome protected DNA, generated using micrococcal nuclease digestion, was significantly enriched by a direct genomic selection process and followed by deep sequencing to generate nucleosome maps of the entire locus throughout a time course of Sendai virus infection. Results affirm the presence of a positioned nucleosome that obscures the transcriptional start site of the IFN beta gene, and this nucleosome is evicted by 4 h post infection. All of the IFN-1 genes share the presence of a TSS-obscuring nucleosome in an analogous position, which is clearly distinct from the reported +1 nucleosome position of most human genes at steady state. CHIP Results indicate that no pre-existing paused, poised, or otherwise classified Pol II is present at the IFN beta promoter prior to virus infection. Instead de novo recruitment of virus-induced transcription factors, Mediator proteins, RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), and associated Pol II elongation factors to the promoter of the IFN beta gene were observed. Nonetheless, this newly recruited Pol II has features consistent with a paused polymerase, including its phosphorylation on serine-5 of the heptad repeat, its associations with negative elongation factor (NELF), and its sensitivity to a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor. Conclusion These findings suggest a common mechanism of virus-induced regulation for the entire IFN-1 cluster in which nucleosome obstruction renders the genes quiescent until the convergence of cellular signals that specify nucleosome reorganization in order to achieve Pol II recruitment and robust gene activation.
Global compact to leverage world development

In the past decade global market forces have been unleashed by technology,reformed regulations, privatised assets, and liberalized trade and foreign investment. Multinational companies – a driving force of globalization – now produce one-fourth of the world's output. Five percent more than the output of all the developing countries combined!
Biaryl Phosphine Based Pd(II) Amido Complexes: The Effect of Ligand Structure on Reductive Elimination

Kinetic studies conducted under both catalytic and stoichiometric conditions were employed to investigate the reductive elimination of RuPhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-diisopropoxybiphenyl) based palladium amido complexes. These complexes were found to be the resting state in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for a range of aryl halides and diarylamines. Hammett plots demonstrated that Pd(II) amido complexes derived from electron-deficient aryl halides or electron-rich diarylamines undergo faster rates of reductive elimination. A Hammett study employing SPhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl) and analogues of SPhos demonstrated that electron donation of the “lower” aryl group is key to the stability of the amido complex with respect to reductive elimination. The rate of reductive elimination of an amido complex based on a BrettPhos-RuPhos hybrid ligand (2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,6′-diisopropoxybiphenyl) demonstrated that the presence of the 3-methoxy substituent o...
Retention and Attrition Among College Hispanic

Attrition rates for students of Hispanic descent at Border universities represent a long-standing dilemma. Significant social, economic, and educational effects from attrition inflict suffering, both subtle and direct, for the individual students, their families, their communities, and their institutions. In spite of many efforts to address the attrition problem, the current forecast predicts that only four of every ten entering university freshmen will eventually graduate (Cabrera, Nora & Castaneda, 1993). Obviously, the attrition problem remains as a major challenge for Border institutions with student majorities composed of (traditional minority) students.
Using Resilience to Explore the Limits and Impacts of Climate Adaptation in the U.S. Ski Industry

We study the relationships between climate adversity, firm adaptation and local ecosystem service quality in the western U.S. ski industry from 2000 to 2013. We build upon and extend prior work on ...
H 2 -dependent attachment kinetics and shape evolution in chemical vapor deposition graphene growth

Experiments on graphene growth through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) involving methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gases reveal a complex shape evolution and a non-monotonic dependence on the partial pressure of H2 (). To explain these intriguing observations, we develop a microkinetic model for the stepwise decomposition of CH4 into mobile radicals and consider two possible mechanisms of attachment to graphene crystals: CH radicals to hydrogen-decorated edges of the crystals and C radicals to bare crystal edges. We derive an effective mass flux and an effective kinetic coefficient, both of which depend on , and incorporate these into a phase field model. The model reproduces both the non-monotonic dependence on and the characteristic shapes of graphene crystals observed in experiments. At small , growth is limited by the kinetics of attachment while at large growth is limited because the effective mass flux is small. We also derive a simple analytical model that captures the non-monotone behavior, enables the two mechanisms of attachment to be distinguished and provides guidelines for CVD growth of defect-free 2D crystals.
An alternative to group theory in the discrete structures course

Many of us who teach the discrete structures course in computer science departments were once majors or strong minors in mathematics; and, as such, we received an introduction to group theory. This is so interesting, to most mathematicians, that it becomes frustrating to see it left out of the discrete structures course. Of course, there are very few actual computing applications for group theory; yet group theory gives students a relatively simple introduction to what abstract mathematics is about. The importance of that, for students, is something which many non-mathematicians on computer science faculties will agree with. In this paper we suggest an alternative to group theory, which is just as easy to understand; which gives students the same sort of introduction to abstract mathematics; and which has obvious applications in computer science.
State Anxiety Influences Sex Differences in Spatial Learning.

Past research shows consistent sex differences in survey-based spatial knowledge and wayfinding strategy. State anxiety may help to explain some of these differences. The current study tested if and how state anxiety influences sex differences in spatial learning during navigation. We used a virtual desktop spatial learning task and manipulated state anxiety between-subjects. Participants passively learned the locations of landmarks and then were tested using egocentric pointing and map landmark placement tasks. Results showed that males performed better than females overall, replicating past work. Further, state anxiety adversely affected pointing accuracy for females but not males. Males were more accurate in their cognitive maps and women’s cognitive maps appeared to be more spatially compressed than men’s across both anxiety conditions. Results are discussed in the context of how state anxiety might influence sex differences in the formation of survey representations dependent on spatial learning and assessment perspective.
The Multilingual Citizen: Towards a Politics of Language for Agency and Change

This is a thoughtful and well-organised collection of essays on the politics of language, focusing specifically on linguistic citizenship. Its three parts are ‘Language Rights and Linguistic Citize...
Civil Service, Academic Tenure, and Management History: How Changes in Management Theory on Professional Knowledge and Hierarchy Affected Merit Reform

This article relates shifts in American university tenure policies to historical changes in management debates on the relative importance of expertise and hierarchical standing in organizational de...
A Novel Receiver Design and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Distributed MIMO Systems in Presence of Distributed Frequency Offsets and Timing Offsets

In distributed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, antennas may not be able to utilize common oscillators at the transmitter side or the receiver side. Consequently, there are multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) and multiple timing offsets (TOs) due to distributed antennas that may significantly degrade the system performance if not properly addressed. In this paper, we analyze the effect of multiple CFOs and multiple TOs on receiver signal energy at the front end of each receive antenna pulse matched filter output in a distributed MIMO system. We then propose a novel receiver design for distributed MIMO systems that can accommodate multiple CFOs and multiple TOs. The proposed receiver structure utilizes a bank of pulse matched filters at each receive antenna where each filter accommodates one CFO specifically. Each filter output is then sampled at the symbol rate, with sampling timing selected according to the corresponding TO, followed by an information symbol detector. For the proposed receiver configuration, we derive the maximum-likelihood (ML) symbol detector for both space-time block coded and uncoded distributed MIMO systems. In addition, we design sub-optimal detectors and show that under certain conditions, the sub-optimal detectors perform close to the ML-optimal detector with significantly lower complexities. Extensive simulation studies illustrate our theoretical development for distributed MIMO systems with various transceiver configurations and channel conditions. The simulation results indicate that the proposed receiver structure together with the ML detection offers significant performance gains compared to the current state of the art.
Chant or Starve: New Opportunities in Next Generation Challenged Networks

Challenged Networks (CHANTS) have made significant strides in more classical, often resource-starved, application domains such as disaster response, search and rescue operations, rural and opportunistic communications, vehicular and inter-planetary networks, etc. An intriguing question is: Do CHANTS have the potential to become a more mainstream technology and support innovative applications in everyday settings involving large-scale networks, such as IoTs, cyber-physical systems, crowd sensing, mobile cloud computing, smart and connected communities, to name a few? What are the most important technical challenges behind realization of the true potential of next generation CHANTS? What are the unique research opportunities? This talk will identify some of the underlying challenges as well as provide novel solutions in this direction.
Increasing Synaptic GluN2B levels within the Basal and Lateral Amygdala Enables the Modification of Strong Reconsolidation Resistant Fear Memories

Abstract Reconsolidation disruption has been proposed as a method to attenuate pathological memories in disorders such as PTSD. However, studies from our group and others indicate that strong memories are resistant to becoming destabilized following reactivation, rendering them impervious to agents that disrupt the re-stabilization phase of reconsolidation. Thus, therapies designed to attenuate maladaptive memories by disrupting reconsolidation updating have not been adequately developed. We previously determined that animals possessing strong auditory fear memories, compared to animals with weaker fear memories, are associated with an enduring increase in the synaptic GluN2A/GluN2B ratio in neurons of the mouse basal and lateral amygdala (BLA). In this study, we determined whether increasing GluN2B levels within BLA excitatory neuronal synapses is sufficient to enable modification of strong fear memories via reconsolidation. To accomplish this, we utilized a combinatorial genetic strategy to express GluN2B or GluN2B(E1479Q) in excitatory neurons of the mouse BLA before or after fear memory consolidation. GluN2B(E1479Q) contains a point mutation that increases synaptic expression of the subunit by interfering with phosphorylation-driven endocytosis. At the time of memory retrieval, increasing synaptic GluN2B levels by expression of GluN2B(E1479Q), but not GluN2B(WT), enhanced the induction of reconsolidation rendering the strong fear memory modifiable. GluN2B(WT) or GluN2B(E1479Q) expression did not influence fear memory maintenance or extinction. Fear memory consolidation, however, was enhanced when GluN2B(E1479Q) was expressed in the BLA at the time of training. These findings indicate that enhancing GluN2B synaptic trafficking may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance modification of pathological memories.
Growing Pinus nigra Seedlings in Spinout™-Treated Containers Reduces Root Malformation and Increases Growth After Transplanting

Abstract Root malformation originating during container production causes mechanical instability and plant mortality when those seedlings are transplanted. We investigated the effects of chemical (...
Intrathrombus polymer coating deposition: a pilot study of 91 patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute large vessel stroke. Part I: Histologic frequency.

Background Polymer coating embolism due to vascular medical device use is an increasingly recognized iatrogenic complication. This phenomenon has been linked with various adverse effects including neuroinflammation, acute ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and death. Notably, procedure- and device-specific risks of this complication are poorly investigated. In this study, we evaluate the detectable frequency of intra-arterial polymer coating delamination among patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy for treatment of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. Methods Ninety-two cerebral thrombectomy specimens were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of polymer coating particulates. Histologic findings were correlated with demographic and procedural details and patient outcomes. Results Evidence of polymer coating deposition was found in 30 of 92 extracted thrombi (33%). No correlation between intrathrombus polymer deposition and use of a specific thrombectomy device such as a stent retriever, aspiration catheter, or guide catheter was found. However, heterogeneous patterns of device use suggest a number of culprit devices. A trend toward longer procedure times and multiple thrombectomy passes was noted in positive cases. Intrathrombus polymer deposition was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes as measured by the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS); however, small sample size and follow-up intervals limit interpretation. Ninety-day outcomes based on mRS may not fully capture the clinical effects of acute and/or delayed intracerebral polymer complications. Conclusion In light of documented adverse neurologic effects, the frequency of intrathrombus polymer particulates indicates the need for consensus testing methods and large-scale long-term prospective clinical device trials, with inclusion of relevant endpoints to better assess biomaterial and device risks to patients.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Utilization of Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke

Background and Purpose— Racial and ethnic disparities in the access to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to large vessel occlusion have been previo...
Expanding capabilities of additive manufacturing through use of robotics technologies: A survey

Abstract Robots are versatile machines that can perform complex manipulation operations. Recent advances in industrial robotics make robots useful in a wide variety of manufacturing processes. Several recent efforts have demonstrated how robots can be used in additive manufacturing (AM) processes. This paper surveys the work focused on expanding the functional capabilities of AM processes using robots. We identify the following main capabilities realized by performing AM using robots: (1) multi-directional fabrication, (2) conformal deposition, (3) assembling prefabricated components in AM, (4) supportless AM, and (5) large-scale AM. We classify the recent literature in this area in terms of mechanisms, kinematic degrees of freedom (DOF) of the system, types of AM process, and materials. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current work and the opportunities for future research in this area.
Screening Saviors?: The Politics of Care, College Sports, and Screening Athletes for Sickle Cell Trait

Since 2013 the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has required that all athletes be tested for sickle cell trait presumably to ensure the care, health, and safety of student-athletes given that the inherited condition can interfere with blood flow and oxygen uptake under extreme conditions such as during intense exercise. Grounded in feminist Science and Technology Studies (STS) sensibilities particularly the need to unsettle dominant notions of care, this chapter investigates the governing power of NCAA screening discourses and practices through an exploration of three related issues: (1) the ways in which the screening procedures at times rely upon, remake, and subvert historical commonsense classification systems related to race; (2) the broader commodified contexts of college sport and sickle cell trait screening which veil the racialized political economic structure of the NCAA, a structure which is built upon the unpaid labor of college athletes; and (3) the biopolitics of screening practices both within and beyond the NCAA. By investigating these issues, this analysis also interrogates the precarious use of health screening within sport spaces and beyond while helping to trouble notions of (dis)ability, health, and risk.
Polymorphisms in fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT) associated with aggressive prostate cancer and cancer specific mortality.

4646 Background: FHIT is a 1.5 Mb gene encoding a 16.8 kD triphosphatase known to promote apoptosis responding to DNA damage in epithelial cells. It resides in the most frequently observed fragile ...
Evidence and Motivation

This chapter discusses the types of reasoning and evidence that linguists typically employ in the motivation and justification of phonological descriptions. There are two broad categories of evidence. First, there is corpus-internal evidence. In this, the argumentation is based on the primary body of data the linguist works with, a corpus of utterances in phonetic transcription with each utterance given at least a rudimentary grammatical and semantic analysis. This body of data is restricted in scope (in cases where the linguist does not have access to speakers of the language being studied and must rely on whatever descriptive materials are available) or open-ended (in cases where the linguist has the opportunity to work within the context of a speech community where the language is actively used). Second, there is corpus-external evidence. In this, the argumentation is based not on the language data itself, but on various types of linguistic behavior a full explanation of which seems to require appeal to the speaker's knowledge of his language. The various kinds of linguistic behavior include foreign language acquisition, speech errors, and systematic distortions of the language. This particular type of evidence is viewed as being of great importance; thus, while it is easy to find good examples of argumentation based on internal evidence, it is much more difficult to find analyses where external evidence is carefully utilized.
CONTEXTUAL AND COMPOSITIONAL COMPARISONS OF ABANDONMENT-RELATED, ON-FLOOR DEPOSITS AT CHAN CHICH, BELIZE

At Chan Chich, Belize, archaeologists have encountered Terminal Classic artifact scatters and piled artifact deposits in elite residential compounds near the epicenter of the site. This article presents a detailed comparison of four artifact deposits’ contexts and compositions to highlight similarities and differences among them. Commonly classified as “problematic deposits” in the field, all four examples considered here formed directly on floors or steps. Although they exhibit compositional variability, all four deposits appear to be abandonment-related features, which unknown actors deliberately created, specifically targeting elite residential architecture rather than monumental public structures in the site core.
Design of an Inclusive Financial Privacy Index (INF-PIE): A Financial Privacy and Digital Financial Inclusion Perspective

Financial privacy is an important part of an individual's privacy, but efforts to enhance financial privacy have often not been given enough prominence by some countries when advancing financial inclusion. This impedes under-served communities from utilizing financial services. This article adopts a design science approach to create an INclusive Financial Privacy IndEx (INF-PIE) from the two perspectives of financial privacy and digital financial inclusion to help ensure financial services for a wide range of populations. This article first examines the privacy policies of Mobile Wallet and Remittance (MWR) apps (a digital financial solution), uses an analytics approach for extracting semi-structured information components; and based on text categorization and topic modeling, creates privacy policy compliance scores. In particular, it analyses the privacy policies using natural language processing techniques such as Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (tf-idf) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). This article then develops a digital financial inclusion score through a multivariate analysis of indexes extracted from the global findex dataset using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, the INF-PIE framework is established to analyze various countries and assess their financial privacy and digital financial inclusion practices. This framework can show how countries’ relative data privacy compliance and digital financial inclusion practices underscore their inclusive financial privacy.
How Citizens Influence Their Municipal Services

Citizen participation in community affairs can be approached from many angles. The most common one has been the increased role of citizens in the use of federal funds, stemming from urban development programs such as the urban renewal, Community Action, and Model Cities programs, but now also including citizen advisory boards in special services such as education and transportation.1 However, an alternative approach to citizen participation emphasizes the influence of citizens over the actions of municipal officials. Because of the frequent turnover in federal programs, this alternative approach may be more significant to the urban scene; the full array of municipal services can be affected, and these are the services that will endure regardless of any changes in the mixture of federal programs. From this point of view, the goal is to have municipal officials—that is, the people who work in city hall or in the line agencies actually delivering services to neighborhoods—listen more closely to what residents say.
A non-broadcast address resolution protocol for SpaceWire networks

SpaceWire is a switched network designed for space environments. To support the Internet protocol (IP) and other high level network protocols, SpaceWire requires a method for mapping the physical interface addresses to global network protocol addresses. Standard address resolution protocol (ARP) cannot be used because SpaceWire does not have a broadcast mechanism. This paper describes a non-broadcast SpaceWire ARP (SW-ARP) that supports any higher network protocol, including IPv4, IPv6, and the CCSDS SCPS-NP address family. Our protocol includes forward and reverses ARP mappings, and is applicable to all devices that conform to the SpaceWire standard specification. SW-ARP can be implemented in node software drivers and requires no changes to the interface hardware, SpaceWire routing switches, or the SpaceWire standard specification.
Determination of iodide in clean room air by ion chromatography

A case study of Iodine-containing induced Cu layer corrosion was reported in the paper. The iodine was believed to be from environmental air and reacted with Cu layer to cause delamination. Ion chromatography analysis method was developed to analyze the iodide levels in the clean room air and the air after Facility Make-up Air Unit. The developed method successfully helped to locate the source of the corrosive iodide and effectively monitor clean room air quality.
Evidence for zinc binding by two structural proteins of Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus

Workers in our laboratory previously reported the possibility of cation involvement in the in vitro dissociation of the Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus nucleocapsids (K. A. Tweeten, L. A. Bulla, Jr., and R. A. Consigli, J. Virol. 33:866-876, 1980; M. E. Wilson and R. A. Consigli, Virology 143:516-525, 1985). The current study found zinc associated with both granulosis virus nucleocapsids and granulin by atomic absorption analysis. A blotting assay with 65Zn2+ specifically identified the radioactive cation as binding to two viral structural proteins, granulin and VP12. These findings indicate that zinc may have a critical role in maintaining virus stability.
Student satisfaction with academic advising in a hospitality management program.

The academic advising program in a hospitality management program was studied to determine which type of advising system—faculty-based or professional advisor-based—was perceived by students to hav...
Hirschsprung’s disease in children with Mowat–Wilson syndrome

Background Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is cited as a classical component in the constellation of features found in children with Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS), which is caused by a mutation of the ZEB2 gene. The prevalence and phenotype of HSCR in those with MWS has yet to be determined. Similarly, it is not known if children with MWS who undergo a curative pull-through operation experience similar functional outcomes. We aimed to delineate the clinical features of those with MWS and HSCR and to determine if these patients experience unfavourable outcomes following pull-through surgery.
Vascularized Cadaveric Fibula Flap for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction Following Failure of Penile Implants

ABSTRACT Introduction Postpriapism erectile dysfunction in patients with sickle cell disease is a particularly devastating condition. Where penile implants have failed, there is no good surgical alternative at present. Free tissue transfer is fraught with risks in patients with sickle cell disease and are not the best option for treatment. Aim To describe a new surgical technique involving prefabrication of a bone flap for treatment of erectile dysfunction in a patient with sickle cell disease. Methods The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery was isolated and implanted within a cadaveric bone segment. The prefabricated flap was then transferred 2 months later as a neophallus for penile autoaugmentation. Results Bone scan showed viability of the bone flap after transfer. The patient was able to have vaginal intercourse and successfully achieve orgasm 2 months after the second stage surgery. Conclusions Prefabrication of a cadaveric bone flap and subsequent transfer is a novel and effective technique for treatment of erectile dysfunction refractory to medical management. This technique may be particularly useful for "implant cripples," who have no other surgical option. Salgado CJ, Chim H, Rowe D, and Bodner DR. Vascularized cadaveric fibula flap for treatment of erectile dysfunction following failure of penile implants.
Organization of verbal memory after severe closed-head injury.

Verbal learning and memory over repeated trials were studied in 12 severely closed-head-injured patients and a matched control group of 10 subjects for three types of word lists, i.e., unrelated, related but unclustered, and clustered words. Verbal memory was facilitated in both groups by presentation of related words in a clustered format. However, the performance of head-injured patients was characterized by low levels of recall, clustering, and subjective organization. In addition, they had a larger number of intrusive errors. The results provide evidence for some preserved semantic memory following closed-head injury and their implications for rehabilitation are discussed.
SCHUTZ'S LIFE STORY AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF HIS WORK

In this paper, I will deal with two issues. The first is an exposition of the general reasoning behind its title; the second is an attempt at showing that this reasoning is significant for the specific objective announced in the title. In other words: I will speak about the matrix I developed while writing Schutz's biogra? phy in order to show that it served its purpose not only technically but also theoretically. For the purpose of setting up my agrument, I will reduce my title to a tentative but not exhaustive hypothesis: The biography of Schutz is relevant for the comprehension of his scholarly life work. This assumption links biography, a descriptive account of the course of an individual's life, to the intellectual comprehension of the work a scholar has done during his lifetime. I take 'course of life' and 'lifetime' as references to the same span of calendar time between the dates of birth and death of the person in question. An auxiliary base line for both biography and life work is formed by selected dates in chronological order, e.g., the date of marriage or the publication of a book. Of course, scholarly dates will occur only within a section of a scholar's biographical chronology. But, by definition, a chronology makes not a biography; yet, a scholarly chronology, essential dates for which are contained in the bibliography of an author, suffices for an account of the intrinsic development of his thinking. I will refrain here from dealing with either the hermeneutic approach
Essential differences between evidence-based nursing and evidence-based medicine.

Viewpoint provides a forum for scholarly discussion about the theoretical, philosophical, and practical issues related to nursing language and classification systems. The sometimes controversial views are intended to stimulate readers' comments and perspectives. We welcome brief, informal responses to published viewpoints. This Viewpoint is an expanded version of the introduction to “Online, Peer-Reviewed Bibliographic References on Sleep,” a presentation at the NNN conference “Developing, Linking, and Integrating Nursing Language and Informatics: Working Together for Quality Care,” April 10–13, Chicago.
Donor and recipient CMV serostatus and outcome of pediatric allogeneic HSCT for acute leukemia in the era of CMV-preemptive therapy.

Abstract In the era of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-preemptive therapy, it is unclear whether CMV serostatus of donor or recipient affects outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) among children with leukemia. To investigate, consecutive patients aged 0-18 who underwent primary HSCT for acute leukemia in 1997-2007 (HLA-matched sibling or unrelated donor, myeloablative conditioning, unmanipulated bone marrow or peripheral blood, preemptive therapy, no CMV prophylaxis) were followed retrospectively through January 2008. Treatment failure (relapse or death) was analyzed using survival-based proportional hazards regression. Competing risks (relapse and nonrelapse mortality, NRM) were analyzed using generalized linear models of cumulative incidence-based proportional hazards. Excluding 4 (2.8%) patients lacking serostatus of donor or recipient, there were 140 subjects, of whom 50 relapsed and 24 died in remission. Pretransplant CMV seroprevalence was 55.7% in recipients, 57.1% in donors. Thirty-five (25.0%) grafts were from seronegative donor to seronegative recipient (D−/R−). On univariate analysis, D−/R− grafts were associated with shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) than other grafts (median 1.06 versus 3.15 years, P
Growth factors for therapeutic angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease.

Purpose of review Peripheral arterial disease is a common disease that has few treatment options. Angiogenesis is defined as the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature. Therapeutic angiogenesis is an investigational method that uses vascular growth to alleviate disorders of tissue ischemia, such as coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease. There have been tremendous changes in the field of therapeutic angiogenesis over the past decade, and there is much promise for the future. Recent findings Initial preclinical work with cytokine growth factor delivery resulted in a great deal of enthusiasm, but larger clinical studies have failed to achieve similar success. With an increased understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, gene therapy and cell therapy have moved to the forefront of therapeutic angiogenesis. Novel therapies which target multiple different angiogenic pathways are also being developed and tested. Summary Therapeutic angiogenesis is an exciting field that continues to evolve. This review will focus on the different growth factors being used, their routes of delivery, the results of clinical trials, and some of the novel therapies being developed.
COLOCALIZATION OF CALCIUM ENTRY AND EXOCYTOTIC RELEASE SITES IN ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN CELLS

Abstract "Snapshot" images of localized Ca2+ influx into patch-clamped chromaffin cells were captured by using a recently developed pulsed-laser imaging system. Transient opening of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels gave rise to localized elevations of Ca2+ that had the appearance of either "hotspots" or partial rings found immediately beneath the plasma membrane. When the Ca2+ imaging technique was employed in conjunction with flame-etched carbon-fiber electrodes to spatially map the release sites of catecholamines, it was observed that the sites of Ca2+ entry and catecholamine release were colocalized. These results provide functional support for the idea that secretion occurs from "active zone"-like structures in neuroendocrine cells.
Synthesis of β3 adrenergic receptor agonist LY377604 and its metabolite 4-hydroxycarbazole, labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium

Synthesis of 14C-radiolabeled 4-hydroxycarbazole was accomplished starting from aniline-[U-14C], based on zinc chloride initiated Fischer cyclization of the phenylhydrazone prepared from phenylhydrazine-[U-14C] and cyclohexane-1,3-dione. The resulting tetrahydrooxocarbazole was subjected to dehydrogenation–aromatization using palladium on carbon. The aromatized 4-hydroxycarbazole-[4b,5,6,7,8,8a-14C] was then used for the synthesis of 14C-labeled β3 adrenergic receptor agonist LY377604. The introduction of four deuteria in the carbazole fragment of LY377604 accomplished by its initial bromination and subsequent catalytic deuteration of the resulting tetrabromide. A similar approach was used for the conversion of 4-hydroxycarbazole into its tetradeutero-isotopomer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra-violet Absorption Spectra of the Diazines

NO rotational analysis of an electronic transition has been reported for a molecule containing as many as ten atoms. However, preliminary spectrograms of pyrazine (Fig. 1) showed fine structure clearly susceptible to analysis (Fig. 2). Twelve bands which were relatively free from overlapping were photographed in the fourth order of a 150,000-line grating, and the rotational constants and accurate band centres were obtained. Similar treatment was possible for the 3200 A. absorption of pyrimidine and the 3700 A. absorption by pyridazine. The constants obtained for the respective 0–0 bands are :
Negotiating Cultural Consensus in a Breast Cancer Self‐Help Group

This article describes a shared model of the breast cancer experience negotiated by the members of a spontaneously organized breast cancer self-help group in eastern North Carolina. In the course of sharing their personal experience narratives with one another, these women worked to negotiate points of agreement among the varying sources of knowledge and oftentimes conflicting belief systems they held about breast cancer. The synthetic model they created rejected many of the assumptions underlying the dominant biomedical view of cancer "survivorship,” particularly its emphasis on the autonomous individual as decision maker and its attendant male-gendered sports and military imagery—assumptions that often implicitly structured the agendas and topics discussed in the formal, medically sanctioned support groups these women found unappealing. The implications for theories about the construction of shared cultural models and for continuing efforts to design support groups to meet the needs of a diverse patient population are explored, [breast cancer, cultural models, narrative, support groups]
A Comparison Of The AC Breakdown Strength Of New And Used Poly-/spl alpha/ Olefin Coolant

The breakdown performance of an advanced synthetic dielectric coolant, poly-alpha olefin, is compared to conventional transformer oil over a range of temperatures from 10 to 50degC. The poly-alpha olefin oil is first benchmarked against conventional transformer oil, and then compared to poly-alpha olefin oil that has been exposed to a large number of high-energy discharges in order to establish the effects of oil age on performance. The results obtained from the standard ANSI D877 test procedure are compared to the results of a modified test procedure that incorporates sparging of the oil with dry nitrogen. Tests to determine the effects of nitrogen sparging on the water concentration of the poly-alpha olefin are analyzed. Concerns regarding the dependence of voltage breakdown values on oil viscosity are also discussed.