cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous oxidation of platinum clusters studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract In this paper an X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) study of the interaction between oxygen and Pt clusters on Teflon and on SiO 2 supports is presented. Unambiguous experimental data give direct evidence of the oxidation of Pt clusters. PtO x appears to form spontaneously in conditions where, in contrast, a continuous Pt surface does not oxidize. It is also shown that the oxidation rate depends on the coverage and on the nature of the substrate. These results are interpreted in terms of the relative occupations of the Pt s and d orbitals, the effective coordination number of the Pt cluster atoms and the different shape of the clusters on Teflon or on SiO 2 supports.
Toward the design of intelligent traveler information systems

The emergence of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has fostered the development of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS). These systems are designed to assist travelers in making pre-trip and enroute travel choice decisions. It is contended that while many traveler information systems are innovative and make use of cutting edge technologies, they lack real machine intelligence and therefore may be limited in their ability to service the traveling public over the long-run. The purpose of this paper is to present a vision of the next generation traveler information system, termed Intelligent Traveler Information Systems (ITIS) in which artificial intelligence techniques are drawn upon to create systems capable of providing travelers with more personalized planning assistance.
Molecular reaction modeling from ab-initio molecular dynamics

A tutorial-like introduction to the methodology of transition state search within the framework of AIMD is given. We describe how to locate transition states, how to obtain dynamical reaction paths, and we discuss free energy integration. As an illustrating example we present results for the catalytic hydroamination of alkenes using {NiCl(PH3)2}+ complexes.
Vehicle Rollover Detection Index

Vehicle rollover resistance can be enhanced using differential braking control, rear-wheel steering, front steering control, suspension damping control, or the combination of any of them. In each control action, the controller receives the vehicle dynamics information from various sensors, such as a yaw-velocity sensor, a lateral accelerometer, a roll-velocity sensor (if available), and suspension displacement sensors (if available), and determines a control action to be taken. A balance between controlling vehicle roll motion and vehicle yaw motion needs to be reached to achieve the optimal vehicle response. Therefore, detection of the current and impending vehicle situations, especially pertaining to the vehicle roll, is vital for the quality of control. Various methodologies have been developed in the past to detect vehicle situations that may lead to rollover. Generally, rollover detection is based on roll velocity sensor and roll angle estimation. In most of these methods, thresholds for roll velocity and roll angle are established to detect imminent rollover. Even though roll velocity and roll angle are the two most important elements in vehicle roll motion, they may not be sufficient to timely detect impending rollover. This paper proposes a vehicle rollover detection index that can be used in a control algorithm to enhance vehicle rollover resistance. It uses roll angle and velocity (measured or estimated), yaw velocity, vehicle speed, and lateral acceleration. Further enhancement to the proposed algorithm is then briefly discussed that includes the effect of vehicle lateral load transfer on the detection.Copyright © 2009 by General Motors
Physicochemical study in salt solution of a urinary mucoprotein with virus-inhibiting activity

Abstract Human urinary mucoprotein precipitated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is comprised of flexible rodlike molecules of molecular weight 3.5 × 10+6, with 42 A., and length 2.9 × 10+3 A. as shown by light-scattering, ultracentrifuge, and viscosity studies. Two of these molecules linked end to end make up one molecule of the mucoprotein of Tamm. Although only half as large as Tamm's, the Di Ferrante mucoprotein has an equal hemagglutination-inhibiting activity. The molecule has considerable structural rigidity. It dissociates on extreme dilution in salt solution and aggregates into tactoids in concentrated solution.
Problems in the evaluation of occupational health promotion programs: a case analysis.

Abstract This study investigates, in a case study setting, whether participation in the Kimberly-Clark Corporation Health and Weight Loss Program can be associated with reduced participant health care claims. A pretest, post-test comparison group research design is utilized to ascertain whether there have been any measurable health care cost savings for participants versus their non-participating matched employee counterparts. The significance of any measured differences is then tested through analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. In addition, results are reported from tests designed to assess whether any specific employee sub-populations appeared to differentially benefit from program participants in terms of reduced health care cost incurrence. Finally, tests are run to provide further assurance that those potential test subjects who were excluded from the final sample did not systematically differ from the final sample subjects. This paper also illustrates, with references to the present stu...
Levels of vaginal secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor are decreased in women with lower reproductive tract infections

Objective Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor contributes resistance to primary human immunodeficiency virus infection in the oral cavity. However, the levels of this inhibitor in the genital tract of women with sexually transmitted diseases or vaginitis are not well described. The objective was to determine vaginal inhibitor levels in women with symptomatic and asymptomatic genital infections. Study design We tested 207 nonpregnant women for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Candida species, and bacterial vaginosis by standard methods. A second group of symptom-free pregnant women (N = 231) was also studied. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and results were compared by nonparametric methods. Results Vaginal levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in both groups were significantly lower in women with any sexually transmitted disease than in those without infection (P Conclusions Levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in vaginal fluid are decreased in women with lower genital tract infection. This may represent a common mechanism of increasing susceptibility to infection with human immunodeficiency virus.
The avian progesterone receptor: Isolation and characterization of phosphorylated forms

Abstract Methods have been developed for isolation of the avian progesterone receptor in the nontransformed, molybdate-stabilized state. The final step in this procedure, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, resolves the receptor into two forms, components I and II. Analysis of these components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions shows that both contain a peptide with Mr = 90,000. These peptides contain phosphorylated serine residues, as shown by [ 32 P]orthophosphate incorporation studies. When the cytosol receptor is treated with alkaline phosphatase, its steroid binding capacity is abolished. These studies show that the nontransformed progesterone receptor is a phosphoprotein and indicate that receptor phosphorylation may be important to the maintenance of steroid binding capacity.
Endoscopic resection of a recurrent sinonasal hemangiopericytoma.

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare angiogenie tumor, and less than 5% of HPC occur in the sinonasal cavity. Most of these tumors are well differentiated and manifest extremely low metastatic potential, placing them in the category of essentially benign neoplasms. Because of the relative benign behavior of sinonasal HPC, to date, standard treatment regimens for these sinonasal tumors have been limited to wide-field extirpative approaches, usually via the lateral rhinotomy, Caldwell-Luc, or transfacial approaches. We present a case of complete endoscopic resection of a recurrent HPC in the posterior ethmoid complex and review the literature regarding endoscopic resection of sinonasal tumors in support of this approach.
Optimization Design of Electrodes for Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells via Genetic Algorithm

Porous electrode is the critical component of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and provides a functional material backbone for multi-physicochemical processes. Model based electrode designs could significantly improve SOFC performance. This task is usually performed via parameter studies for simple case and assumed property distributions for graded electrodes. When nonlinearly coupled multiparameters of electrodes are considered, it could be very difficult for the model based parameter study method to effectively and systematically search the design space. In this research, the optimization approach with a genetic algorithm is demonstrated for this purpose. An anode-supported proton conducting SOFC integrated with a fuel supply system is utilized as a physical base for the model development and the optimization design. The optimization results are presented, which are difficult to obtain for parametric study method.
SGI 2012: What’s new in obstetrics/gynecology and reproductive medicine: an update from the Society for Gynecologic Investigation

The Society for Gynecologic Investigation (SGI) hosted its 59th Annual Meeting in San Diego (CA, USA) on 21–24 March 2012. The program attracted 1313 attendees, 918 from the USA and Canada and 395 from the rest of the world. The event was hosted by the SGI president Stephen J Lye and the program director Stephen Matthews. The mission of the SGI is to discover, review, report and transfer new knowledge through creative research and training, community integration and partnerships that improve the reproductive health of women everywhere. More than 1100 abstracts were presented at the meeting, 172 of which were oral presentations. A selection of notable presentations are highlighted here.
Anti-nuclear antibodies positive serum from systemic lupus erythematosus patients promotes cardiovascular manifestations and the presence of human antibody in the brain

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the serum of patients. These antibodies may cross over into the brain resulting in the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms and result in abnormal pathology in other organs such as the heart and kidneys. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if SLE pathology could be detected in the hearts and brains of rats injected with positive human ANA serum. Materials and Methods: Lewis rats (n = 31) were selected for this study due to documented research already performed with this strain in the investigation of serum sickness, encephalitis and autoimmune related carditis. Rats were injected once a week with either ANA positive or negative control serum or saline. Hearts were examined for initial signs of heart disease including the presence of lipid deposits, vegetation, increased ventricular thickness and a change in heart weight. Brains were examined for the presence of human antibody and necrotic lesions. Animals were observed for outward signs of neuropathy as well. Blood samples were taken in order to determine final circulating concentrations of IgG and monitor histamine levels. Results: Animals injected with ANA were significantly higher for lipid deposits in the heart and an increased ventricular thickness was noted. One animal even displayed Libman-Sacks endocarditis. Brains were positive for the presence of human IgG and diffuse internal lesions occurred in 80% of the ANA positive serum injected animals examined. Blood histamine levels were not significantly different, but actually lower than controls by the end of the experiment. Conclusion: Since human antibodies were detected in the brain, further studies will have to identify which antibody cross reactions are occurring within the brain, examine cell infiltration as well as characterize the antibodies associated with more destructive consequences such as lesion formation.
Provocative gene therapy strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

An approach involving retroviral-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of neoplastic disease is described. This therapeutic approach is called “virus-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy” (VDEPT). The VDEPT approach exploits the transcriptional differences between normal and neoplastic cells to achieve selective killing of neoplastic cells. We now describe development of the VDEPT approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Replication-defective, amphotrophic retroviruses were constructed containing a chimeric varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase (VZV TK) gene that is transcriptionally regulated by either the hepatoma-associated α-fetoprotein or liver-associated albumin transcriptional regulatory sequences. Subsequent to retroviral infection, expression of VZV TK was limited to either α-fetoprotein or albumin-positive cells, respectively. VZV TK metabolically activated the nontoxic prodrug 6-methoxypurine arabinonucleoside (araM), ultimately leading to the formation of the cytotoxic anabolite adenine arabinonucleoside triphosphate (araATP). Cells that selectively expressed VZV TK became selectively sensitive to araM due to the VZV TK-dependent anabolism of araM to araATP. Hence, these retroviral-delivered chimeric genes generated tissue-specific expression of VZV TK, tissue-specific anabolism of araM to araATP, and tissue-specific cytotoxicity due to araM exposure. By utilizing such retroviral vectors, araM was anabolized to araATP in hepatoma cells, producing a selective cytotoxic effect.
Synthesis of extractive reaction processes

A systematic method presented synthesizes extractive reaction processes. The objective is to develop liquid-phase processes involving simultaneous reaction and separation by extraction to achieve improved yield, selectivity to a desired product, and separation of byproducts. The method is based on the equilibrium thermodynamic analysis of multicomponent reactive systems with multiple liquid phases. Using transformed coordinates, systems with three or fewer degrees of freedom can be conveniently analyzed regardless of the number of components in the system. Key features of the reactive phase diagrams relevant to achieving the process objectives are identified. The method is illustrated with several model examples to demonstrate the advantages of extractive reaction over conventional single-phase processes.
Presence of dynorphin-like immunoreactivity but not opiate binding in walker-256 tumors

Walker-256 tumor tissue was removed from rats on day 8 of tumor growth. An acidified methanol extract of the tumor tissue was assayed for immunoreactive (ir) dynorphin-A 1-17 (DYN-17) and ir-dynorphin-A (DYN-8). Levels of ir-DYN-17 and ir-DYN-8 were nearly 4-and 8-fold higher, respectively, in tumors versus normal muscle. However, tumor homogenates did not exhibit specific 3H-naloxone binding. These results indicate that although the Walker-256 carcinosarcoma may produce opioids, it is unlikely that these ectopic substances have direct opioid actions on the tumor itself.
Pineal sensitivity to nighttime swimming stress changes during the active season in Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii)

Melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland, which is primarily regulated by the environmental lighting regime, can also be influenced by other factors that elicit modifications in sympathetic tone. The objectives of this study were to determine if forced swimming alters the normal pattern of melatonin production in the pineal gland of the Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii). In early June, the squirrels were forced to swim for 10 min during the photophase or during the scotophase. In mid-July squirrels swam only during the scotophase. Animals were sacrificed 15, 30, or 60 min after the onset of swimming. Activities of pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) were assessed by radioenzyme assay, and pineal melatonin content was measured by radioimmunoassay. Daytime swimming elicited no major changes in enzyme activity or pineal melatonin. In June, swimming at night prevented the normal rises in NAT activity and pineal melatonin seen in nonswimming controls. In contrast, the pineals of squirrels that were tested 6 weeks later in mid-July did not appear to be as sensitive to nighttime swimming, as there were only minor differences in both NAT activity and melatonin content compared to controls. These results demonstrate that forced nighttime swimming, unlike several other aversive stimuli, can evoke changes in the normal pattern of pineal melatonin production in this species. Furthermore, the pineal's response to such stimuli may not be stable over the course of the active season.
On the overlap between victimization and offending: A review of the literature

Abstract Theoretical and empirical research investigating victimization and offending has largely been either ‘victim-focused’ or ‘offender-focused.’ This approach ignores the potential theoretical and empirical overlap that may exist among victims and offenders, otherwise referred to as ‘victim–offenders.’ This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research that has examined the relationship between victimization and offending. The review identified 37 studies, spanning over five decades (1958–2011), that have assessed the victim–offender overlap. The empirical evidence gleaned from these studies with regard to the victim–offender overlap is robust as 31 studies found considerable support for the overlap and six additional studies found mixed/limited support. The evidence is also remarkably consistent across a diversity of analytical and statistical techniques and across historical, contemporary, cross-cultural, and international assessments of the victim–offender overlap. In addition, this overlap is identifiable among dating/intimate partners and mental health populations. Conclusions and directions for future research are also discussed.
One Hundred Fifty Years of Land Values in Chicago: A Nonparametric Approach

Abstract Locally weighted regression estimates are presented for Chicago using data from 1836 to 1990. The results demonstrate that nonparametric estimators are useful for hypothesis testing as well as prediction. Estimated regression surfaces for 1836–1928 demonstrate that the monocentric city model continues to adequately represent land values through the early 19th century, but only if the functional form is highly nonlinear. Estimates for 1960–1990 indicate that Chicago is no longer a monocentric city; O'Hare Airport is an important employment center and the blighted areas of the south and west sides have lower land values than the model predicts.
Processing materials with microwave energy

Abstract Microwave energy (microwave frequency, in this case, includes radio frequencies and ranges from 0.3 MHz to 300 GHz) is being developed as a new tool for high-temperature processing of materials. Examples of the advantages associated with microwave processing include: rapid and uniform heating; decreased sintering temperatures; improved physical and mechanical properties; and, unique properties which are not observed in conventional processes. These advantages observed in materials processed using microwave energy are being attributed to ‘microwave effects’ which are particular to this technology. Researchers at the University of Florida are working to identify and to qualitatively and quantitatively define the mechanisms of microwave–material interactions. A new model has been developed based on the molecular orbital model which predicts the behavior of specific pure materials in a microwave field. Experimental work as well as dielectric property measurements confirm the accuracy of this model in specific cases.
Maximum and time stable aromatic yield in the reforming of alkylcyclopentanes over Pt/β zeolites

The reforming of alkylcyclopentanes is performed at 100 psig over various dealuminated zeoliteβ catalysts supporting various amounts of Pt. As a result of the proper balance between the Bronsted acidity and the metal loading, a maximum aromatic yield was found for a dealuminated catalyst with a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 130 and 0.5 wt% Pt. The activity of this catalyst remained unchanged with time on stream, and the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst was very low. The aromatic selectivity increased slightly in the initial few hours and then reached a constant value. It appears that the aromatic selectivity is enhanced by the deposition of a small amount of coke. The balancing of the acidic and metallic functions of Pt/β zeolite via dealumination and Pt loading provides a useful reforming catalyst.
Genomic Rearrangements Define Lineage Relationships between Adjacent Lepidic and Invasive Components in Lung Adenocarcinoma

The development of adenocarcinoma of the lung is believed to proceed from in situ disease (adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS) to minimally invasive disease with prominent lepidic growth (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, MIA), then to fully invasive adenocarcinoma (AD), but direct evidence for this model has been lacking. Because some lung adenocarcinomas show prominent lepidic growth (AD-L), we designed a study to address the lineage relationship between the lepidic (noninvasive) component (L) and the adjacent nonlepidic growth component representing invasive disease within individual tumors. Lineage relationships were evaluated by next-generation DNA sequencing to define large genomic rearrangements in microdissected tissue specimens collected by laser capture. We found a strong lineage relationship between the majority of adjacent lepidic and invasive components, supporting a putative AIS-AD transition. Notably, many rearrangements were detected in the less aggressive lepidic component, although the invasive component exhibited an overall higher rate of genomic rearrangement. Furthermore, a significant number of genomic rearrangements were present in histologically normal lung adjacent to tumor, but not in host germline DNA, suggesting field defects restricted to zonal regions near a tumor. Our results offer a perspective on the genetic pathogenesis underlying adenocarcinoma development and its clinical management.
Surface temperatures of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter.

Surface temperatures for Galilean satellites of Jupiter calculated through corresponding lunations, assuming synchronous orbits with respect to Jupiter
Determinants of the energy costs of light activities: inferences for interpreting doubly labeled water data.

Determinants of the energy costs of light activities: inferences for interpreting doubly labeled water data
Charge transport in the normal state of electron- or hole-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − x

By using a field-effect transistor configuration, we have demonstrated that it is possible to dope electrons or holes into an initially underdoped ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ film at room temperature. The results of systematic measurements of the dual-type transconductance indicate comparable field-effect mobilities for electrons and holes. We propose a model based on band bending and localized electronic states within the band gap of the Mott insulator to explain the dual-type charge transport.
Arene−Mercury Complexes Stabilized by Gallium Chloride: Relative Rates of H/D and Arene Exchange

We have previously proposed that the Hg(arene)2(GaCl4)2 catalyzed H/D exchange reaction of C6D6 with arenes occurs via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which the coordinated arene protonates the C6D6. To investigate this mechanism, the kinetics of the Hg(C6H5Me)2(GaCl4)2 catalyzed H/D exchange reaction of C6D6 with naphthalene has been studied. Separate second-order rate constants were determined for the 1- and 2-positions on naphthalene; that is, the initial rate of H/D exchange = k1i[Hg][C−H1] + k2i[Hg][C−H2]. The ratio of k1i/k2i ranges from 11 to 2.5 over the temperature range studied, commensurate with the proposed electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Observation of the reactions over an extended time period shows that the rates change with time, until they again reach a new and constant second-order kinetics regime. The overall form of the rate equation is unchanged: final rate = k1f[Hg][C−H1] + k2f[Hg][C−H2]. This change in the H/D exchange is accompanied by ligand excha...
Evidence for Multiply Charged Anomalous Cosmic Rays

New measurements from the SAMPEX spacecraft show that most anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) oxygen nuclei with energies above 20 MeV nucleon^(-1) are multiply ionized, with ionic charge states of Q = 2, Q = 3, and probably higher. This new result contrasts with lower energies, at which most ACRs are singly charged. The observed abundance of multiply charged ions agrees with estimates of the fraction of singly charged ACRs that undergo electron stripping during acceleration if the timescale for acceleration to 10 MeV nucleon^(-1) is ~1 yr. The existence of multiply charged ACRs helps explain their acceleration to high energies, and it has implications for several other studies.
Cultural Competence and the Recursive Nature of Conscientization

The journey to cultural competence encompasses traveling an ever-expanding path increasing in size with the addition of each of five stages of development: conscientization, self-assessment, self-efficacy, agency, and, finally, critical consciousness as the unifying body within the educational enterprise. The increasing stages create a spiral following the Fibonacci sequence enveloping one another throughout the journey. In this study, one teacher educator conducted a self-study of her cultural competence from which recommendations were revealed (1) cultural competence is an ongoing transformational journey; (2) teacher and leadership educators benefit from insights for infusing the possibilities and parameters associated with cultural competence with their candidates; (3) school leaders become valuable conduits for establishing and reinforcing the responsibility for cultural competence within the profession; (4) professional developers glean guidance for supporting and advancing the levels of cultural co...
Eight new histocompatibility mutations associated with the H-2 complex

Eight newH-2 mutations are reported, five derived fromH-2 b and three fromH-2 d . TheH-2 b mutants (H-2 bg 3,H-2 bi ,H-2 bj ,H-2 bk , andH-2 bn ) were all of the gain+loss type, and all exceptH-2 bn were at the same locus asH-2 ba , associated with theK end. In addition,H-2 bg3 was histocompatible with previously reported mutationsH-2 bg1 andH-2 bg2. The MST for mutant grafts on normal hosts was 2 to 5 weeks. TheH-2 d mutations consisted of two losses (H-2 db ,H-2 bc and one gain + loss (H-2 dd ). They involved at least two, possibly three, loci and have MSTs of less than two weeks. All mutations were recovered in (C57BL/6Kh x BALB/cKh)F1 hybrids, exceptH-2 db , which was isolated on a pure BALB/c background.
Site-specific oligonucleotide binding represses transcription of the human c-myc gene in vitro

A 27-base-long DNA oligonucleotide was designed that binds to duplex DNA at a single site within the 5' end of the human c-myc gene, 115 base pairs upstream from the transcription origin P1. On the basis of the physical properties of its bound complex, it was concluded that the oligonucleotide forms a colinear triplex with the duplex binding site. By means of an in vitro assay system, it was possible to show a correlation between triplex formation at -115 base pairs and repression of c-myc transcription. The possibility is discussed that triplex formation (site-specific RNA binding to a DNA duplex) could serve as the basis for an alternative program of gene control in vivo.
Constructing a room of her own: woman outside the binaries in Ghalem's A wife for my son

This essay explores the concept of the ‘constructed habitation’: a space that is constructed, sometimes physically, sometimes abstractly, by the author, in concert with the characters who will inhabit it. In Ali Ghalem's Algerian novel, A wife for my son, Bhabha's discussion of liminality applies to each of Ghalem's characters.
Renal sympathetic denervation for treatment-resistant hypertension…in moderation.

Treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH), the persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg despite treatment with maximal or highest tolerated doses of at least three antihypertensive medications, one of which is a diuretic [(1)][1], remains a significant clinical challenge and a source
Thin film melt polymerized single crystals of poly(p-oxybenzoate)

The morphology of poly(p-oxybenzoate) polymerized from p-acetoxybenzoic acid (pABA) in constrained thin films at temperatures between 130°C and 315°C for various times is described. Polymerization below the melting point of the monomer, 196°C, occurs by a sublimationrecrystallization-melting process, with polymerization occuring in the melt. Lamellar crystals, often bilayered, are found that are ca. 100 A thick as well as single disclination domains. Electron diffraction patterns indicate the presence of either phase I or II in a given crystal, with the unit cell for phase II being proposed; the molecular axes are normal to the lamellae. Polymerization above 200°C results in holes in the lamellae; it is suggested that polymerization also is in the form of lamellae followed by the hole formation as further reaction occurs in the crystalline state, initial “crystal” growth at all temperatures is in the liquid crystalline state.
Efficient delivery and stable gene expression in a hematopoietic cell line using a chimeric serotype 35 fiber pseudotyped helper-dependent adenoviral vector

Abstract Certain human cell populations have remained difficult to infect with human adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 because of their lack of coxsackievirus B-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Native adenovirus fiber compositions, although diverse, cannot infect all tissue types. Recently, a chimeric Ad5/35 fiber was created, which displays an altered tropism from Ad5. We incorporated this chimeric fiber into a helper-dependent (HD) adenovirus vector system and compared HD to E1-deleted (E1Δ) vectors by transgene expression, cell transduction efficiency, and cytotoxicity. K562 cells were infected ∼50 times more efficiently with the chimeric Ad5/35 fiber compared with the Ad5 fiber. Short-term transgene expression was sustained longer from HD Ad5/35 than E1Δ Ad5/35 vector after in vitro infection of actively dividing K562 cells. Rapid loss of transgene expression from E1Δ Ad5/35 infection was not due to the loss of vector genomes, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR), or cytotoxicity, but rather through a putative silencing mechanism.
Helping Women and Their Families Cope With the Impact of Gynecologic Cancer

The impact of gynecologic cancer on the woman and her family depends on psychosocial factors and cancer-specific factors. Family assessments determine how the family is adapting to the woman's illness. Nursing interventions that families say are helpful include providing physical care, providing information, and giving support. Strategies used by families to cope with the stress and emotional strain of caregiving include taking time for themselves, maintaining a sense of humor, and focusing on the present. JOGNN, 29, 653-660; 2000.
Selection of High Phenolics-Containing Clones of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Using Pseudomonas Sp.

A high phenolics-containing clonal line (T-12) of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) was isolated from a heterogeneous seed population by plant tissue culture techniques. This clonal line was isolated from among 10 clonal lines, with each originating from different genetically heterozygous, single-germinating seedlings. All clonal lines were generated via shoot organogenesis through adventitious bud proliferation from apex explants. Optimum shoot organogenesis was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with benzyladenine (1 mg/L) as the growth hormone. Multiple shoots originating from apex explants of single heterozygous seedlings were further multiplied on the aforementioned benzyladenine-containing MS medium to subsequently generate a larger number of clonally identical plants. Shoots from each individual clonal line were inoculated with a novel Pseudomonas sp. Following growth on hormone-free MS medium for 25 days, total phenolics were determined spectrophotometrically. Using this approach, high phenolics-...
The Elastin Receptor: A Galactoside-Binding Protein

The elastin receptor complex contains a component of 67 kilodaltons that binds to a glycoconjugate affinity column containing beta-galactoside residues and is eluted from this column with lactose. This protein component is also released from the surface of cultured chondroblasts by incubation with lactose, and its association with immobilized elastin is inhibited by lactose. Since lactose also blocks elastic fiber formation by cultured chondroblasts, the galactoside-binding property of the elastin receptor is implicated in this process.
Long range surface plasmons in birefringent media.

The propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons guided by thin metal films bounded by birefringent media are investigated. For the very thin (less than or equal to 150 A) films required to produce long propagation distances, the effects of birefringence on the dispersion relations are found to be minimal. A small effect of the birefringence on the mode attenuation is found.
Regulatory policies and the future of nuclear power

This paper reviews some of the national policies and regulatory decisions that have the potential to affect the production of electricity from nuclear power. It is shown that many policies and regulatory initiatives are introduced to meet objectives other than determining the mix of electricity supply resources, such as reducing the cost of electricity or protecting public health and safety. Nevertheless, such policies and requirements can have a substantial effect on the competitiveness of present nuclear power plants, as well as on prospects for future nuclear power plants. Because electricity from nuclear power can substitute for electricity from fossil fuels, policies and regulations which affect the competitiveness of nuclear power can have an effect of the production of carbon emissions, and therefore can compete with, or complement, national environmental objectives.
Anti-Semitism as Skill: Rudolf Virchow's Schulstatistik and the Racial Composition of Germany

One of the major events in the history of German anti-Semitism has been, if not entirely overlooked, then misunderstood and misrepresented. In the 1870s, the professor of medicine, liberal politician, and anthropologist, Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), directed a study of the skin, hair, and eye color of 6,758,827 German school children, a study that marked “Jews” and “Germans” as racially different and trained a generation of Germans to perceive these differences both as real and as of political significance. Historians have been virtually unanimous in viewing this study as a blow against anti-Semitism, as a demonstration that there was neither a Jewish nor a German “race.” This interpretation has survived, I believe, because it supports and rests on a commonly held conception of racism as primarily an intellectual phenomenon, as a set of more-or-less explicit propositions held in the minds of individuals. Virchow, a well-known opponent of political anti-Semitism, was never motivated by hostility to Jews in conducting this research. Indeed, he understood his focus on Jews as simply a race (rather than as a religion or a culture) to indicate that the study was not anti-Semitic. Paradoxically, the study that Virchow designed and oversaw may have unintentionally provided an important practical basis for German racial anti-Semitism. By considering anti-Semitism as a set of skills rather than a philosophy, as hands-on practical knowledge more akin to riding a bicycle than to philosophical exposition, I hope to offer a new explanation of both Virchow's study of race and the place of that study in German history.
Functional Properties of Improved Glycinin and β‐nglycinin Fractions

ABSTRACT: Glycinin and β-conglycinin have unique functionality characteristics that contribute important properties in soy foods and soy ingredients. Limited functionality data have been published for glycinin and β-conglycinin fractions produced in pilot-scale quantities. Protein extraction conditions were previously optimized for our pilotscale fractionation process to maximize protein solubilization and subsequent product recovery. Glycinin, β-conglycinin, and intermediate (mixture of glycinin and β-conglycinin) fractions were prepared using optimized-process (OP) extraction conditions (10:1 water-to-flake ratio, 45°C) and previous conditions termed Wu process (WP) (15:1, 20°C). Viscosity, solubility, gelling, foaming, emulsification capacity, and emulsification activity and stability of the fractionated proteins, and soy protein isolate (SPI) produced from the same defatted soy white flakes were compared to evaluate functional properties of these different protein fractions. Differential scanning calorimetry, sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and surface hydrophobicity data were used to interpret functionality differences. OP β-conglycinin had more glycinin contamination than did the WP β-conglycinin. OP and WP solubility profiles were each similar for respective glycinin and β-conglycinin fractions. Emulsification activities and stabilities were higher for OP β-conglycinin and OP intermediate fractions compared with respective WP fractions. β-Conglycinin and SPI emulsification capacities (ECs) mirrored solubility profile, whereas glycinin ECs did not. OP glycinin had a higher foaming capacity than WP glycinin. OP and WP intermediate fraction apparent viscosities trended higher than those of other protein fractions. β-Conglycinin dispersions at pH 3 and 7 produced firm gels at 80°C, whereas glycinin dispersions formed weaker gels at 99°C and did not gel at 80°C.
Model of universality violation reexamined.

The possibility that the interactions of the third generation of quarks and leptons may violate universality by a small amount remains an open experimental question. The model of Li and Ma, which naturally accommodates such violations, is found to be highly constrained by newly obtained, high precision electroweak and $\ensuremath{\tau}$-lepton data once full standard model radiative corrections are incorporated into the analysis. A comparison of the predictions of this model with existing data and the expectations for future colliders is presented.
The effects of geometric and threshold definitions on cortical bone metrics assessed by in vivo high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

This study evaluates in vivo methods for calculating cortical thickness (Ct.Th) with respect to sensitivity to tissue-level changes in mineralization and the ability to predict whole-bone mechanical properties. Distal radial and tibial images obtained from normal volunteers using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) were segmented using three thresholds including the manufacturer default and ±5% in terms of equivalent mineral density. Ct.Th was determined in two ways: using a direct three-dimensional (3D) method and using an annular method, where cortical bone volume is divided by periosteal surface area. D comp (mg HA/cm3) was calculated based on the mean density-calibrated linear attenuation values of the cortical compartment. Finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive ability of the annular and direct Ct.Th methods. Using the direct 3D method, a ±5% change in threshold resulted in a 2% mean difference in Ct.Th for both the radius and tibia. An average difference of 5% was found using the annular method. The change in threshold produced changes in D comp ranging 0.50-1.56% for both the tibia and radius. Annular Ct.Th correlated more strongly with whole-bone apparent modulus (R 2 = 0.64 vs. R 2 = 0.41). Both thickness calculation methods and threshold selection have a direct impact on cortical parameters derived from HR-pQCT images. Indirectly, these results suggest that moderate changes in tissue-level mineralization can affect cortical measures. Furthermore, while the direct 3D Ct.Th method is less sensitive to threshold effects, both methods are moderate predictors of mechanical strength, with the annular method being the stronger correlate.
FACTORS LIMITING EDAPHIC ALGAL BIOMASS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN A GEORGIA SALT MARSH1,2

A “planted core” system was developed to test the effect of short term (1–2 weeks) experimental manipulation of environmental parameters on edaphic microalgae under field conditions. A large number of small cores (surface area = 7 cm2) were collected, randomized and replanted in the marsh in fiddler crab exclosures with appropriate experimental treatments. Daily enrichment of the cores with NH4+ resulted in significant increases in edaphic primary productivity and levels of chlorophyll a in both summer and winter seasons in the short-Spartina marsh. Enrichment with a complete nutrient solution caused no further increases. Nutrient enrichment of creekbank sediments was much less stimulatory to the resident algal assemblage. In both sites, but especially in the creekbank, the removal of fiddler crab grazers resulted in significant increases in chlorophyll a and productivity. Experimental manipulation of light intensity showed that the average light intensity reaching the sediment surface was saturating for chlorophyll production in the short-Spartina marsh. A reciprocal transplant experiment involving unfertilized cores from the short-Spartina marsh and creekbank marsh demonstrated that NH4+ inputs occurring in the creekbank site rapidly alleviated nitrogen limitation of edaphic algae from short-Spartina marsh. Algae in creekbank cores incubated in the short-Spartina marsh were unable to sustain high productivity once the original standing stock of NH4+ declined.
Classroom Management via the Elaboration Model

Scenario #1: Pat Smith, a high school algebra teacher, has recognized that some of her students are "lost," some are "OK," and some are "bored." To remedy this situation, she reorganizes her materials and forms three ability groups in the class. Scenario #2: After four weeks of using ability groups, Smith notices that within each group, some students are "lost," some are "OK," and some are "bored." Moving students between groups does seem to make some difference but she feels uneasy about the labeling associated with ability grouping. To remedy this situation, she organizes the content from "easy" to "hard," acquires and develops materials, diagnoses her students, and individualizes the course. Scenario #3: After a month of individualized instruction, Smith notices there is a lack of contentrelated conversation among students. Each student is working on his or her own part of the content, somewhere along the easy-to-hard continuum. With few exceptions, the students have little cause to interact about the content. To remedy this situation, she arranges to have a guest speak to the entire class about applications of algebra. Scenario #4: About half way through the guest presentation, Smith notices that some students are "lost," some are "OK," and some are "bored." To remedy this situation, she... ? Problem: What do you do when you have tried grouping, individualization, and whole class presentations? Each method has strong points but seems to be limited as a comprehensive classroom management plan. (See Figure 1.) Until recently, teachers were forced either to pick one method and "live with" the limitations, use a mixture of methods in a nonsystematic manner, or to change from method to method, depending on the content, the learners, and the materials available. Fortunately, a model has been develDr. Wedman is Assistant Professor, Curriculum and Instruction Department at the University of Northern Iowa.
Effects of airway anesthesia on dyspnea and ventilatory response to intravenous injection of adenosine in healthy human subjects.

Abstract We have recently shown that intravenous injection of adenosine causes dyspnea and hyperventilation in man, and we suggested that stimulation of vagal C-fibers in the airways and lungs is involved. To test this hypothesis further, the present study was performed in healthy subjects ( n = 12 ; age 32.4±10.2 yrs, 7 females) to determine if the effect of adenosine could be attenuated by blocking the airway sensory receptors by inhalation of aerosolized lidocaine, a local anesthetic. In each subject, the effects of intravenous injection of adenosine (10 mg) on dyspneic sensation, minute ventilation, airway resistance and heart rate were measured after the subject inhaled lidocaine or placebo aerosol on two separate days. After a latency of ∼20 s, adenosine injection evoked a distinct dyspneic sensation, increase in minute ventilation ( V ˙ E ) , and transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia in all subjects. The increase in V ˙ E resulted primarily from a significant increase in tidal volume. The intensity of adenosine-induced dyspnea was markedly reduced after the lidocaine pretreatment compared to placebo. In a sharp contrast, the V ˙ E and heart rate responses to adenosine were not affected by lidocaine. These results lend further support to our previous studies indicating that the origin of the dyspnogenic action of intravenous adenosine is most likely vagal bronchopulmonary C-fiber sensory nerves.
Advanced Technology Paths to Global Climate Stability: Energy for a Greenhouse Planet

Stabilizing the carbon dioxide-induced component of climate change is an energy problem. Establishment of a course toward such stabilization will require the development within the coming decades of primary energy sources that do not emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, in addition to efforts to reduce end-use energy demand. Mid-century primary power requirements that are free of carbon dioxide emissions could be several times what we now derive from fossil fuels (approximately 10(13) watts), even with improvements in energy efficiency. Here we survey possible future energy sources, evaluated for their capability to supply massive amounts of carbon emission-free energy and for their potential for large-scale commercialization. Possible candidates for primary energy sources include terrestrial solar and wind energy, solar power satellites, biomass, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, fission-fusion hybrids, and fossil fuels from which carbon has been sequestered. Non-primary power technologies that could contribute to climate stabilization include efficiency improvements, hydrogen production, storage and transport, superconducting global electric grids, and geoengineering. All of these approaches currently have severe deficiencies that limit their ability to stabilize global climate. We conclude that a broad range of intensive research and development is urgently needed to produce technological options that can allow both climate stabilization and economic development.