cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic focusing for vacuum-pumped microfluidics

Hydrodynamic focusing has proven to be a useful microfluidics technique for the study of systems under rapid mixing conditions. Most studies to date have used a “push” configuration, requiring multiple pumps or pressure sources that complicate implementation and limit applications in point-of-care environments. Here, we demonstrate a simplified hydrodynamic focusing approach, in which a single pump pulling at the device outlet can be used to drive hydrodynamic focusing with not only excellent control over the focus width and stream velocity, but also with minimal sample consumption. In this technique, flow can be either mechanically driven or induced simply through capillarity.
The Reynolds transport theorem: Application to ecological compartment modeling and case study of ecosystem energetics

The Reynolds transport theorem (RTT) from mathematics and engineering has a rich history of success in mass transport dynamics and traditional thermodynamics. This paper introduces RTT as a complementary approach to traditional compartmental methods used in ecological modeling and network analysis. A universal system equation for a generic flow quantity is developed into a generic open-system differential expression for conservation of energy. Nonadiabatic systems are defined and incorporated into control volume (CV) and control surface (CS) perspectives of RTT where reductive assumptions in empirical data are then formally introduced, reviewed, and appropriately implemented. Compartment models are abstract, time-dependent systems of simultaneous differential equations describing storage and flow of conservative quantities between interconnected entities (the compartments). As such, they represent a set of flexible and somewhat informal, assumptions, definitions, algebraic manipulations, and graphical depictions subject to influence and selectively parsed expression by the modeler. In comparison, RTT compartment models are more rigorous and formal integro-differential equations and graphics initiated by the RTT universal system equation, forcing an ordered identification of simplifying assumptions, ending with clearly identified depictions of the transfer and transport of conservative substances in physical space and time. They are less abstract in the rigor of their equation development leaving less ambiguity to modeler discretion. They achieve greater consistency with other RTT compartment style models while possibly generating greater conformity with physical reality. Characteristics of the RTT approach are compared with those of a traditional compartment model of energy flow in an intertidal oyster-reef community.
Nurses' diagnostic work on possible physical child abuse.

The concept of diagnostic work (A. Strauss, S. Fager-haugh, B. Suczek, & C. Wiener, 1985) is used to explore nurses' responses to potential child abuse. A total of 1,036 nurses (response rate of 67%) completed a mailed questionnaire that included open-ended qualitative-type questions about a hypothetical situation involving possible child abuse. We report their judgments regarding information presented in the hypothetical situation and additional information they requested to make the diagnosis. Nurses focused primarily on the child's injuries and behavior and wanted more information about the abuse event. Diagnostic work was then analyzed by specialty group: community health, school health, emergency, and pediatric nursing. Nurses' specialization influenced the choice of information that was determined to be decisive and the additional information desired to make a diagnosis.
Singing Fingers: fingerpainting with sound

Singing Fingers is a new system that allows children to fingerpaint with sound. You paint by touching a screen with a finger, but color only emerges if you make a sound at the same time. By touching the painting again, you can play back the sound. This creates a new level of accessibility for recording, playback and remixing of sound. We describe several ways in which Singing Fingers can be used, including music making, exploration of sound, and interactive storytelling.
Hypothalamic tumor associated with atypical forms of anorexia nervosa and diencephalic syndrome

We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with a mature teratoma in the hypothalamic region. The patient presented a 2-month history of anorexia, psychic disturbances and a 37% loss of body weight. These symptoms had led initially to a diagnosis of major depression and atypical anorexia nervosa. She also presented some signs and symptoms of diencephalic syndrome. This case illustrates the importance of considering a slow-growing mass as a rare but real possibility in the differential diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, mainly in atypical cases.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for quadratic stabilizability of an uncertain system

Consider an uncertain system (Σ) described by the equationx(t)=A(r(t))x(t)+B(s(t))u(t), wherex(t) ∈R n is the state,u(t) ∈R m is the control,r(t) ∈ ℛ ⊂R p represents the model parameter uncertainty, ands(t) ∈L ⊂R l represents the input connection parameter uncertainty. The matrix functionsA(·),B(·) are assumed to be continuous and the restraint sets ℛ,L are assumed to be compact. Within this framework, a notion of quadratic stabilizability is defined. It is important to note that this type of stabilization is robust in the following sense: The Lyapunov function and the control are constructed using only the bounds ℛ,L. Much of the previous literature has concentrated on a fundamental question: Under what conditions onA(·),B(·), ℛ,L can quadratic stabilizability be assured? In dealing with this question, previous authors have shown that, if (Σ) satisfies certain matching conditions, then quadratic stabilizability is indeed assured (e.g., Refs. 1–2). Given the fact that matching is only a sufficient condition for quadratic stabilizability, the objective here is to characterize the class of systems for which quadratic stabilizability can be guaranteed.
Keratinocyte growth factor enhances glutathione redox state in rat intestinal mucosa during nutritional repletion.

Malnutrition decreases tissue levels of glutathione (GSH), a major endogenous antioxidant that detoxifies reactive oxygen species and promotes cell growth. This study determined the effects of the gut trophic peptide keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on intestinal mucosal GSH concentrations and redox state in malnourished rats. Adult rats were food-deprived for 3 d, then consumed food ad libitum or 25% of ad libitum intake for 3 d with daily intraperitoneal administration of saline or KGF (5 mg.kg -1 .d -1 ). Mucosal GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations, crypt depth and total mucosal height were measured in the jejunum, ileum and colon. In the 25% of ad libitum-refed, saline-treated group, mucosal GSH was lower in all gut tissues (42% in jejunum, 38% in ileum, and 57% in colon), and the GSH/GSSG ratio was lower in the jejunum and ileum compared to that in the ad libitum-refed controls. KGF treatment with ad libitum refeeding increased GSH/GSSG in the jejunum, ileum and colon. Furthermore, in 25% of ad libitum refeeding, KGF normalized jejunal, ileal and colonic mucosal GSH content and significantly increased the mucosal GSH/GSSG ratio relative to rats treated with saline. Increased crypt depth and total mucosal height induced by KGF and feeding could be explained in part by increased mucosal GSH content. KGF treatment improved gut mucosal glutathione redox state in malnourished, refed rats. These data provide evidence that gut trophic hormones and food intake may independently support gut mucosal glutathione antioxidant capacity during nutritional repletion.
Using Meditation in Addiction Counseling

Meditation has been studied as a way of reducing stress in counseling clients since the 1960s. Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and new wave behavior therapies incorporate meditation techniques in their programs. This article identifies meditation's curative factors and limitations when using meditation in addiction settings.
Detection Outage and Detection Diversity in Distributed Sensor Networks

The distributed detection problem is considered with wireless sensors sending local decisions to a fusion center over slow-fading orthogonal multiple access channels. The J-divergence between the distributions under different hypotheses is used as the performance criterion. Given the slow-fading channels between the sensors and the fusion center, two new concepts called detection outage and detection diversity are introduced to quantify the long-term system performance, where the detection outage probability is defined as the probability that the instantaneous J-divergence is smaller than a certain threshold. Based on the detection outage probability, detection diversity order is defined as the slope of the outage probability curve (versus system power consumption) when things are plotted in logarithm domain. It is shown that even with a simple uniform transmission strategy, full detection diversity can be achieved on the order of K with K the total number of sensors in the network. We further show that if the transmission power is optimized across sensors, adaptive power gain can be achieved in addition to full diversity gain.
Success Factors for Outsourced Information System Development

Offshore outsourcing is the transference of an Information Technology, IT, function, from a company to a supplier organization located outside the borders of the parent company’s country. It is a commonly used strategy among leading companies in the United States, US, and Western Europe. Companies typically invest in offshore outsourcing with the expectation of lower costs, economies of scale, access to specialized resources, and/or new business ventures,(Aubert, et. al. 1998). Contributing to the rise of offshore outsourcing was the shortage of IT professionals in the US in the late 1990s.
Tularemia: Treatment Failures with Outpatient Use of Ceftriaxone

Tularemia, an infection caused by the coccobacillus Francisella tularensis, can be a difficult disease process to diagnose and treat. The difficulty in treating this disease is related to the pathophysiology of the infection and the toxicity of the antimicrobial agents presently recommended for treatment. Recent in vitro data have suggested that antimicrobial drugs other than standard agents (streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, or tetracycline) may be effective. We present eight cases of documented failure of outpatient use of ceftriaxone in the treatment of tularemia. Our data suggest that while ceftriaxone may have excellent MICs in vitro, these MICs do not necessarily correlate with successful in vivo outcomes.
Rapid detection of human infections with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography: preliminary results.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) for rapid detection of human infections. Eleven patients who were known or suspected to be harboring various infections were studied with FDG-PET. Dynamic scans over the putative infection sites were performed immediately after FDG (370 MBq) injection through 60 min, and static images including multiple projection images were then obtained. FDG uptake was assessed visually into four grades (0, normal; 1, probably normal; 2, probably abnormal; 3, definitely abnormal). For the semiquantitative index of FDG uptake in infections, the standardized uptake value of FDG normalized to the predicted lean body mass (SUV-lean, SUL) was determined from the images obtained at 50–60 min after FDG injection. PET results were compared with final clinical diagnoses. Eleven lesions in eight patients, which were interpreted as grade 2 or 3 by FDG-PET, were all concordant with active infectious foci. The SUL values of infections ranged from 0.97 to 6.69. In two patients, FDG-PET correctly showed no active infection. In one patient, it was difficult to detect infectious foci by FDG-PET due to substantial normal background uptake of FDG. In total, FDG-PET correctly diagnosed the presence or absence of active infection in 10 of 11 patients. Fusion images of PET with computed tomography showed the most intense FDG uptake to be within an abscess wall. In conclusion, FDG-PET appears to be a promising modality for rapid imaging of active human infections. More extensive clinical evaluation is warranted to determine the accuracy of this method.
Response to mechanical strain in an immortalized pre-osteoblast cell is dependent on ERK1/2

Mechanical strain inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating osteoblast functions: We have shown that strain inhibits receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide levels through ERK1/2 signaling in primary bone stromal cells. The primary stromal culture system, while contributing greatly to understanding of how the microenvironment regulates bone remodeling is limited in use for biochemical assays and studies of other osteoprogenitor cell responses to mechanical strain: Stromal cells proliferate poorly and lose aspects of the strain response after a relatively short time in culture. In this study, we used the established mouse osteoblast cell line, conditionally immortalized murine calvarial (CIMC-4), harvested from mouse calvariae conditionally immortalized by insertion of the gene coding for a temperature-sensitive mutant of SV40 large T antigen (TAg) and support osteoclastogenesis. Mechanical strain (0.5-2%, 10 cycles per min, equibiaxial) caused magnitude-dependent decreases in RANKL expression to less than 50% those of unstrained cultures. Overnight strains of 2% also increased osterix (OSX) and RUNX2 expression by nearly twofold as measured by RT-PCR. Importantly, the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, completely abrogated the strain effects bringing RANKL, OSX, and RUNX2 gene expression completely back to control levels. These data indicate that the strain effects on CIMC-4 cells require activation of ERK1/2 pathway. Therefore, the CIMC-4 cell line is a useful alternative in vitro model which effectively recapitulates aspects of the primary stromal cells and adds an extended capacity to study osteoblast control of bone remodeling in a mechanically active environment.
Alienation and Age: A Context-Specific Approach

Comparable composite measures of powerlessness felt toward the work organization and toward society were related to a modified version of Blauner's occupational typology using data from four companies. These analyses indicate that (1) degree of powerlessness workers felt in their work organization and in their society was not related to their type of work, and (2) there were no significant differences in the degree of powerlessness which workers felt in their work organization and in their society. Melvin Seeman (1959:783) once asserted: "In one form or another, the concept of alienation dominates both the contemporary literature and the history of sociological thought." This is
Therapy Horses: An Overview of Utilizing Equines in Therapeutic Programs

From agriculture to war, man has harnessed and utilized the horse's power to expand his own mastery of the world around him. In recent decades, as horses were replaced on the farm by tractors and i...
A similarity method approach for early-transient multiphase flow analysis of liquid-rich unconventional gas reservoirs

Abstract Despite their increased role in the global energy supply, liquid-rich unconventional gas (LRG) resources present a number of technical challenges. Among them, traditional production data analysis methods fail to successfully estimate and forecast production behavior in these systems. This failure is directly related to the extensive early-transient infinite-acting behavior exhibited by these systems, and the added complexities involved with liquid dropout and ensuing multi-phase flow of gas and condensate. Traditional approaches are strongly biased toward single-phase and boundary-dominated analysis; and when multiphase flow is considered, required input data often include laboratory-estimated pressure-saturation data and/or producing gas-oil-ratio data. In the present work, a novel extension of the similarity variable transformation method is developed to forecast production behavior in these LRG systems. The methodology uses the black-oil fluid formulation and considers linear and radial flow regimes under constant bottom hole pressure (BHP) and constant gas flow rate well conditions. Using this method, the system of governing partial differential equations is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations solved by well-known Runge–Kutta techniques without the need for linearization. It is demonstrated that reservoir pressure and saturation behavior can be forecast simultaneously, thereby eliminating the need for pressure-saturation relationship or producing gas-oil-ratio data as inputs to the model. In all cases explored, the similarity results compared well to numerically generated reservoir data for a variety of well BHP and gas flow rate specifications. Calculated well production metrics also successfully matched data sets, indicating that this approach can be straightforwardly extended to estimate production metrics of interest during early transient conditions, such as liquid and gas production rates or gas-oil-ratio. Results strongly suggest that the method developed here provides a rapid and robust alternative to numerical simulation for forecasting of LRG reservoir systems.
Women and HIV.

Background: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has emerged as a major health problem for women in the United States. Family physicians can play an important role in the detection and care of HIV-infected women. Methods: The epidemiology and natural history of HIV infection in women were reviewed. Articles were selected by a computer MEDLINE search. Results: HIV infection is now a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young women in the United States, particularly women of racial and ethnic minorities. Most cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women occur as a result of injection-drug use or heterosexual transmission. Based on limited information, women and men appear to have similar AIDS-defining conditions. Gynecologic problems are common in HIV-infected women. Pregnancy does not seem to be affected by early HIV infection, but women with advanced disease might be at increased risk for obstetric complications. Conclusions: More women need to be included in natural history studies and clinical drug trials. Early awareness of HIV infection and better access to health care services are required to improve the treatment and survival of HIV-infected women.
Visualization of the Public’s Opinion on Politically Influential Tweets

We present a Twitter-based website The Political Grid Project that focuses on harnessing the potential of Twitter as a political medium. On this site, the general public can create new datasets additionally to existing Twitter data, and investigate the data through diverse visualizations. This site lists tweets posted by political entities, and a user votes on each tweet based on the two standards—how much she agrees with the idea expressed in the tweet, and how important it is to her. More importantly, our site provides users with various interactive visualizations that represent both individual and collective voting data accompanied by data accessed from Twitter APIs. While exploring the visualizations, users can closely examine various aspects of politics, including their political preferences, the ties among the voted entities based on the analysis of the collective data,and temporal or geographical patterns. Ultimately, we expect our users to reflect on the political issues in tweets that are otherwise ephemeral and to better understand candidates in upcoming elections. Furthermore, our site allows users to investigate the public’s aggregated opinion and their political stance among the public.
Brain Specific Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Although this workshop is dedicated to “Humoral Immunity in Neurological Disease”, the discussion of proteins which have their origin either in brain or in both hrain and plasma should be described here briefly. The inclusion is justified on the basis that these are potential antigens which may provoke circulating antibodies.
Parameter Recovery and Classification Accuracy Under Conditions of Testlet Dependency: A Comparison of the Traditional 2PL, Testlet, and Bi-Factor Models

ABSTRACTTestlets, or groups of related items, are commonly included in educational assessments due to their many logistical and conceptual advantages. Despite their advantages, testlets introduce complications into the theory and practice of educational measurement. Responses to items within a testlet tend to be correlated even after controlling for latent ability, which violates the assumption of conditional independence made by traditional item response theory models. The present study used Monte Carlo simulation methods to evaluate the effects of testlet dependency on item and person parameter recovery and classification accuracy. Three calibration models were examined, including the traditional 2PL model with marginal maximum likelihood estimation, a testlet model with Bayesian estimation, and a bi-factor model with limited-information weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted estimation. Across testlet conditions, parameter types, and outcome criteria, the Bayesian testlet model outperformed,...
EFFECTS OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ON ETHIONINE-INDUCED RESORPTION.

SummaryAdministration of ATP with ethionine enhanced, rather than counteracted, the ethionine-induced resorption of the rat litter. ATP decreased the maternal weight loss caused by ethionine, thereby indicating a lack of correlation between maternal and fetal effects of the compounds.
Groves Takes the Reins

A study of General Leslie R. Groves and his management style, largely concentrating on the time period beginning with his appointment on September 17, 1942 as head of the Army Corps of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District and ending when the first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. This is one of a series of articles in this magazine commemorating the 50th anniversary of the first controlled chain reaction.
Solution-Based Carbohydrate Synthesis of Individual Solid, Hollow, and Porous Carbon Nanospheres Using Spray Pyrolysis

A facile and scalable solution-based, spray pyrolysis synthesis technique was used to synthesize individual carbon nanospheres with specific surface area (SSA) up to 1106 m2/g using a novel metal-s...
Erasure characterization of CD-Recordable disks in response to a high power laser beam

Several commercial CD-Recordable disks are exposed to high power laser beam at different exposure doses. Degrees of erasure are characterized for CD-R media using time-domain signals and histograms of data retrieved from the exposed disks.
Education loans and wealth building among young adults

With the use of education loans growing rapidly as a way to finance college education, it is important to examine how such loans impact the future financial well-being. This study examines the association between education loans and postcollege wealth accumulation among young adults, the group with the greatest share of outstanding education loans. Data come from 15 rounds of data of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, and the analyses control for a number of student characteristics, college experiences, and parental income. Results from a treatment-effects model indicate that having education loans upon leaving college is negatively related to postcollege net worth, financial assets, nonfinancial assets, and value of primary housing. Furthermore, having education loans also has an additional negative link to the value of net worth among Black young adults. The relationship between the amount of education loans and wealth accumulation is not statistically significant among those with outstanding loans. The study findings indicate the importance of developing alternative approaches, instead of additional loans and other credits, to meet the financial needs of college students.
Research on whether atropine can be substituted by the powerful cycloplegic cyclopentolate

For a long time, atropine eye ointment has been widely used as the cycloplegic for children's optometry in China, while internationally, cyclopentolate gutta is widely used as the first choice for cycloplegic. In recent years, 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride ocular humor has been introduced to our country. This effective and powerful cycloplegic has already been paid close attention to by domestic pedo-ophthalmologists. According to a serious of studies both home and abroad on the therapeutic effects of the own control drugs, the cycloplegia effect of cyclopentolate is close to the atropine. Cyclopentolate can be widely used for the cycloplegia before optometry for the Chinese children. However, the effect of cyclopentolate is still not as good as atropine. So, for the children with farsightedness within 7 years old, all esotropia children, Am children, and children who suffer from decreased vision acuteness and needs to be excluded from accommodative myopia, atropine eye ointment should be routinely used for cycloplegia before optometry. In this article, we also discuss the medication dosage, medication method, possible drug adverse reactions of cyclopentolate humor ocular and the coping measures at the same time.
Approximate Furrow Infiltration Model for Time-Variable Ponding Depth

AbstractA methodology is proposed for estimating furrow infiltration under time-variable ponding depth. The methodology approximates the solution to the two-dimensional Richards equation, and is a modification of a procedure that was originally proposed for computing infiltration under constant ponding depth. Two computational approaches were developed and tested using several combinations of soil hydraulic properties, furrow geometry, and flow depth variations. Both methods yielded solutions of reasonable and similar accuracy relative to numerical solutions of the two-dimensional Richards equation. The analysis also showed that the accuracy of the approximate model varies mostly as a function of soil hydraulic properties. The accuracy of the approximate solution can be improved with calibration. Two calibration methods were examined, one assuming that the calibration parameter varies with depth, and the other assuming a constant value. The analysis showed that latter approach, in combination with one of ...
Determining eligibility for gastric bypass surgery.

This case scenario brings up two issues: (1) whether the patient should undergo a risky procedure that might benefit her and (2) responsible allocation of health care resources. First, American College of Physicians (ACP) guidelines1 recommend optional bariatric surgery for those who have BMIs greater than 40 kg per m2 and obesity-related comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea) but who could not lose weight with dietary drugs, diet, or exercise.
Implications of large Bd0-B-bard0 mixing.

Implications of the large ${B}_{d}^{0}$-B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $_{d}^{0}$ mixing measured by the ARGUS Collaboration are examined. Possible large top-quark mass is estimated. In addition, large CP-nonconservation effects in the two-body nonleptonic decays of ${B}_{d}^{0}$-B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $_{d}^{0}$ and ${B}_{s}^{0}$-B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $_{s}^{0}$ are recalculated. The results show that we still need \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{6}$ ${B}_{d}$,${\mathit{s}}^{0}$-B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $_{d}$,${\mathit{s}}^{0}$ pairs for testing these CP-nonconservation effects in the ${B}_{d}$,${\mathit{s}}^{0}$-B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $_{d}$,${\mathit{s}}^{0}$ system.
Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms

The papers in this volume were presented at the Twenty-Fourth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, held January 6-8, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The symposium was jointly sponsored by SIGACT (the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory) and by the SIAM Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics.
The influence of perceptual similarity and individual differences on false memories in aging

Previous false memory research has suggested that older adults' false memories are based on an overreliance on gist processing in the absence of item-specific details. Yet, false memory studies have rarely taken into consideration the precise role of item-item similarity on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying perceptual false memories in older adults. In addition, work in our laboratory has suggested that when investigating the neural basis of false memories in older adults, it is equally as critical to take into account interindividual variability in behavior. With both factors in mind, the present study was the first to examine how both controlled, systematic differences in perceptual relatedness between targets and lures and individual differences in true and false recognition contribute to the neural basis of both true and false memories in older adults. Results suggest that between-subject variability in memory performance modulates neural activity in key regions associated with false memories in aging, whereas systematic differences in perceptual similarity did not modulate neural activity associated with false memories.
Volatility and Stability of Metallic Sulphides

The apparent vapor pressures of a number of metal sulphides were determined by measuring their rate of weight loss when they were heated under vacuum. The calculated pressures are due in some instances to the volatility of the sulphide and in others to the decomposition pressure.
Postoperative posterior reversible encephalopathy in Escherichia coli bacteremia

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is clinically characterized by headaches, decreased cognition, cortical vision loss, confusion, seizures and it is associated with characteristic radiologic findings. The currently known etiologies of PRES include: hypertension, renal failure, immunomodulating drugs, infective processes, and shock. The relative infrequency combined with the broad differential diagnosis makes PRES a diagnostic challenge. The best imaging for detecting PRES is magnetic resonance imaging. Computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of PRES shows specific damage to bilateral parietal and occipital lobes, specifically the cortical and subcortical regions, depicting vasogenic edema. The extent of brain damage and duration of onset without diagnosis essentially determines the “reversible” effects. Therefore, the absence of the more common etiologies in this case of PRES highlights the diagnostic value of maintaining a broad clinical differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with new-onset postoperative seizures to correctly guide diagnostic work up and treatment. We describe the first case of PRES in the setting of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, Escherichia coli bacteremia and recent general anesthesia.
The Surprise Quiz

The teacher announces a surprise quiz next week, one whose particular date won’t be predictable in advance. It can’t be given on Friday, since then the students would know on Thursday night that it was coming the next day. But then it can’t be on Thursday, since then students would know on Wednesday night that it was coming the next day. And so on. So the quiz cannot be given on any day. The solution is to introduce intermediate degrees of belief. Each day that the quiz does not occur, the students increase their credence that it will occur the following day, up till Thursday night, when they should still be unsure whether the quiz will come on Friday or instead be cancelled.
Medications of Abuse and Addiction

Most medications with major potential for abuse and addiction belong to the sedative-hypnotic class. This encompasses benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and the opiates (including natural and synthetic derivations of opium) (Jaffe, 1990; Jaffe & Martin, 1990; Rall, 1990). This chapter is devoted to the sedative-hypnotic class, featuring benzodiazepines and including other sedative-hypnotic medications. In 1826 bromides were the first sedatives after alcohol to be marketed specifically for the sedative-hypnotic effects. Next, barbituric acid was introduced in 1903 followed by chloral hydrate (“Mickey Finn”) in 1932 and meprobamate in 1955. Morphine was discovered in 1806, followed by codeine in 1832, then development of the synthetic derivatives of opiates in the mid 1900s.
Skeletal Myoblast Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is now the leading discharge diagnosis for patients hospitalized in the United States and is a major human health problem. Although advances in medical therapy have improved survival rates and the quality of life for patients with CHF, definitive treatment is presently very limited, in large part due to an inability of the heart to repair itself through proliferation of reserve cells. Currently definitive therapeutic regimens for CHF include cardiac transplantation, which is limited by a shortage of donor subjects and a necessity for high-dose immunosuppression; and treatments such as cardiomyoplasty and extraventricular assist devices, which are limited by a lack of effectiveness in many patients. With the advent of gene transfer technology, new therapies for treating cardiovascular disease may become feasible. Our laboratory is developing two promising approaches to treat cardiovascular disease. The first involves introducing autologous, biopsy-derived skeletal muscle reserve cells (myoblasts) into the myocardium to augment contractile function (myoblast transfer therapy). The second utilizes myoblasts as a vector to deliver potentially therapeutic genes locally to the damaged myocardium (myoblast-mediated gene therapy). We will discuss the advantages that these approaches offer over current treatments for cardiovascular disease and other gene therapy techniques.
Historicizing Freedom of Movement: Memory and Exile in Political Context

This essay historicizes the concept of “freedom of movement” in the context of the late eighteenth-century desire to distinguish the free movement of emigrants from the coerced movement of slaves. It explores the distinction between free and unfree mobility by interrogating eighteenth-century ideas about the way memory tied (or did not tie) a person to a place. It proposes that, during this period, two forms of memory—which it dubs “exilic memory” and “diasporic memory”—were placed in ever sharper opposition to one another. Eighteenth-century abolitionists tried to prove that slaves had exilic memory in order to claim that they, like emigrants, were true exiles, and deserved the right to return to, or at least properly remember, their native lands.
Modeling surface tension in compressible flow on an adaptively refined mesh

Abstract We present a numerical approach to model surface tension between immiscible materials within an inviscid compressible flow solver. The material interface is represented using the volume of fluid technique with piecewise-linear interface reconstructions. We employ the continuum surface force to model surface tension, and have implemented it in the context of the MUSCL-Hancock finite volume method for the Euler equations on an adaptively refined Eulerian mesh. We show results from droplet verification tests, the Rayleigh–Taylor instability linear regime, and simulate a 2D shock–droplet interaction.
Isolation, Whole-Genome Sequencing, and Annotation of Yimella sp. RIT 621, a Strain That Produces Antibiotic Compounds against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus subtilis BGSC 168

Here, we report the isolation, identification, whole-genome sequencing, and annotation of the bacterium Yimella sp. strain RIT 621. Concentrated spent medium extract treated with ethyl acetate was found to produce bactericidal compounds against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis BGSC 168 and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
2D mm-wave imaging based on singular value decomposition

In this paper, we develop a systematic framework for two-dimensional mm-wave imaging, based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the Helmholtz wave equation under the Born approximation. We identify the degrees of freedom as a function of the geometry of the aperture and the scene, and provide insight into the eigenmodes identified by the SVD. For sparse arrays with number of elements smaller than the degrees of freedom, we propose, and experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of, an eigen-filtered pseudo-inverse algorithm which selects the eigenmodes being imaged.
Efficient removal and recovery of copper by liquid phase catalytic hydrogenation using highly active and stable carbon-coated Pt catalyst supported on carbon nanotube

In this work, we coated carbon nanotubes (CNT) supported Pt catalyst by conductive carbon layers (labelled as Pt/CNT@C) and the catalyst was further functionalized by surface oxidation (denoted as Pt/CNT@Oxi-C). The textural properties of the catalysts were extensively characterized and liquid phase catalytic hydrogenation reduction of Cu2+ was conducted. Results showed that Pt particles of Pt/CNT@C and Pt/CNT@Oxi-C were completely embedded beneath carbon overcoatings. Furthermore, contrary to Pt/CNT no CO chemisorption was observed on both Pt/CNT@C and Pt/CNT@Oxi-C, indicative of the absence of exposed Pt particles in carbon-coated Pt/CNT. Effective Cu2+ reduction and metallic Cu deposition by catalytic hydrogenation were achieved on catalyst surface. Surface oxidation of Pt/CNT@C resulted in increased surface wetting and functionality content, leading to noticeable enhancement in catalytic activity for Cu2+ reduction. Additionally, Cu2+ reduction on Pt/CNT@Oxi-C proceeded through the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, suggesting that the reduction of Cu2+ adsorbed on catalyst surface was the rate-determining step. Carbonization of overcoatings exhibited a volcano-type relationship between carbonization temperature and catalytic activity of Pt/CNT@C for Cu2+ reduction. As for catalyst reuse, Pt/CNT lost 92 % of initial activity after five consecutive reaction cycles, whereas Pt/CNT@Oxi-C maintained a high catalytic activity without remarkable deactivation.
A look at Alibaba Double 11 Shopping Festival

During the last nine years, more and more young people are joining in the carnival on November 11(Double 11 Shopping Festival). Millennials are often not asked why they are going to do online shopping on this day. Firstly, the focus of our study is to understand the avenues of information that are used by millennial shoppers for consumption choices related to Double 11 shopping festival. Secondly, we are interested in what attracts this group to the online venue from a list of motivational factors including social and financial savings. The study provides a minor look at carnival day to analyze the data collected through different methods, such as questionnaire and search engines in the internet. The results of the evaluation show significant information about millennial consumption motivation. This illustrates the reason why Double 11 carnival is so popular and for young college students. Moreover, how Alibaba’s the Double 11 is so successfully with China’s youth. This consumer inquiry will be used to answer some potential marketing problems.
Management Implications of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients with Massive Hypertrophy

Management considerations are discussed for HCM patients with massive LV hypertrophy including consideration for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement, and increased risk of progressive heart failure symptoms secondary to obstruction, relieved with myectomy. With treatment these individuals with the most extreme HCM phenotype can achieve extended longevity with low mortality risks.
Trying to save the game(r): Understanding the self-disclosure of YouTube subscribers surrounding mental health in video-game vlog comments

This study analyzed the self-disclosure of YouTube subscribers surrounding mental health and their relationship with YouTube gamer co-hosts Dan Avidan and Arin Hanson of the channel Game Grumps. Vi...
Phase I study of Imatinib Mesylate(Gleevec) and Gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumor malignancy

405 Gemcitabine(Gem) is widely active and the standard of care in pancreatic cancer. Imatinib mesylate(IM) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with demonstrable activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, due to its inhibition of bcr-abl and c-kit, respectively. IM also binds and inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptor, which is upregulated in pancreatic cancer. The combination of IM and gem demonstrated activity in an orthotopic nude mouse pancreatic cancer model, (R. Hwang et al). The primary objective of this phase I study is the determination of MTDs for both gem and IM when administered in combination. The study also includes assessment of gem pharmacokinetics(PK) on both days 1 (in the absence of IM) and 8 (in the presence of IM), to determine whether the PK of gem are altered by co-administration of IM. IM PK are also being assessed. Patients (pts) with refractory malignancy; intact intestinal absorption, measurable or evaluable disease, adequate hepatic, renal and hematologic function; ECOG PS 0-2 and survival time estimated > 3 months and signed informed consent were eligible. Gem was administered by fixed dose rate infusion, 10 mg/m2/min,weekly. The initial two pts, with pancreatic cancer, received gem 600 mg/m2, days 1, 8, and 15 q28 days and IM 300 mg daily, starting day 2. Worst drug-related toxicities included gr 3 ALT in one pt and gr 3 dysesthesia in the second, necessitating dose reduction. Both pts had initial reductions in CA19-9. One pt was removed for toxicity, the other at time of progression. Three additional pts were treated with gem 500 mg/m2 and IM 300 mg daily. Worst toxicities were gr 3 neutropenia (1 pt), gr 3 nausea/vomiting(1 pt). One pt was removed from study for toxicity; one, for disease progression; one pt with adrenal cancer remains on treatment 6+ months. Because of the capricious nature of toxicity, possibly consistent with IM-facilitated uptake of Gem, treatment was modified. The first 21-day cycle consisted of gem 450 mg/m2 on days 3 and 10 and IM 300 mg on days 8-12. Subsequent cycles, starting on day 22, consisted of gem 450 mg/m2 days 3 and 10 and IM given days 1-5 and 8-12 q21 days. Three pts received this schedule of treatment with tolerable drug-related toxicity. A partial response was noted in one pt with laryngeal cancer. Two additional pts have been entered at a dose of gem 500 mg/m2. Further escalation is planned. Pharmacokinetic assessment shows that the concentrations of gem and IM are within expected ranges for both agents. More complete PK data will be available at completion of the study. Correlative MR spectroscopy is planned. Gem-IM is a novel and potentially interesting combination that appears to require careful scheduling and dosing to avoid toxicity. (Supported by Novartis).
Fundamentals of More-Electronics Power Systems

This chapter introduces fundamental knowledge and background of more-electronics power systems. It begins with a brief introduction to power engineering. Next, the chapter provides an overview of power electronics. This is followed by a bird’s-eye view of power systems. Further, a marriage of power electronics and power systems gives rise to more-electronics power systems. From the second section, each section presents basic concepts, shows salient features, details subtopics, and finally ends with typical and emerging applications of power electronics, power systems, or more-electronics power systems.
Ethical Marketing of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals

Marketing is the total activities by which the transfer of goods from seller to buyer is affected. Veterinarians have a wide range of feeling about marketing of veterinary pharmaceuticals as it relates to food animal practice. Some veterinarians embrace pharmaceutical sales as part of their practice and routinely dispense both legend and over-the-counter (OTC) products to their clients. Others attempt to distance themselves from any phase of the marketing process, but if a veterinarian is involved in food animal practice and authorizes the use of legend drugs, they are involved and assume the liability associated with their use. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act mandates this involvement by requiring legend veterinary drugs be dispensed only by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian in the course of their professional practice.
Examining English language learners’ learning needs through the lens of algebra curriculum materials

Curriculum materials have a substantial influence on mathematics instruction and, consequently, students’ learning opportunities. Many curriculum programs provide instructional notes for teachers and tasks for students as a means of accommodating particular student groups, such as those identified for English language learners. The presence of such materials communicates a narrative about the students they seek to accommodate. In particular, this narrative entails what English language learners need to learn mathematics. We examined the curriculum materials in four commercially available curriculum programs to understand the learning opportunities they provide for the target group and their assumed needs inferred from analyzing those opportunities. We found the curriculum materials implied a homogenous view of English language learners as a group who requires mathematical remediation and additional vocabulary practice. The curriculum materials provided a narrow set of learning opportunities, in terms of both mathematics and language, and may reinforce teachers’ existing deficit perspectives.
Inferior vena cava thrombosis-rope ladder sign.

Congenital heart disease comprises one of the largest groups of congenital defects, affecting approximately 1% of births. Advances in pre- and postoperative critical care treatment as well as surgery and interventional procedures have improved survival rates, but treatment and long-term care of children with complex congenital heart disease remains challenging, and is associated with a number of complications. Here, we report on a 17-month-old infant with congenital univentricular heart disease who devloped post-operatively inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis. IVC thrombosis was confirmed by a bedside contrast media study (X-ray) demonstrating collateral paravertebral circulation along the paravertebral sinuses bilaterally into the azygos and hemiazygos vein (“rope ladder sign“), with no contrast media detected in the IVC. The infant was subsequently started on aspirin and clopidogrel.