cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of tocolytic use in the management of symptomatic placenta previa

Abstract Objective: The null hypothesis is that tocolysis has no effect on pregnancy prolongation in the aggressive expectant management of symptomatic preterm placenta previa. Study design: One hundred twelve preterm pregnancies with confirmed placenta previa and an initial episode of acute vaginal bleeding were selected for this retrospective analysis. Exclusion criteria included gestational age ≥ 35 weeks, delivery within 24 hours of admission, prior treatment for bleeding or preterm labor, and containdications to tocolytic use. Tocolysis was prescribed, at the discretion of the treating clinical staff, in selected pregnancies with significant uterine contractions after admission of the patient. The majority of treated patients (85%) received intravenous magnesium sulfate and/or oral or subcutaneous β-sympathormimetics within 24 hours of admission. Most patients remained hospitalized until delivery under this aggressive expectant management protocol. Both treated and untreated control study groups were similar at inclusion with regard to parity, gestational age, contraction frequency, and degree of initial bleeding. Outcome variables for each treatment group were obtained from final chart review. Continuous and categoric variables were compared with Student t test or x 2 analysis—Fisher's exact test, respectively. Results: The clinical use of tocolysis in symptomatic placenta previa was associated with a clinically significant delay of preterm delivery. Significant improvement in clinical parameters such as interval from admission to delivery (39.2 vs 26.9 days, p p p p p Conclusions: This retrospective analysis suggests that tocolytic intervention in cases of symptomatic preterm previa may be associated with clinically significant prolongation of pregnancy and increased birth weight. Tocolytic therapy in these cases does not appear to have an impact on frequency or severity of recurrent vaginal bleeding. Further prospective analysis may delineate the role of tocolysis in the aggressive expectant management of symptomaticf placenta previa. 1995; 172:1770–1778.)
Asymmetric epoxidation models: An alkyl hydroperoxide dependent change in mehanism

Abstract Titanium(IV)-pyridinediol complex 5 was studied as a model for titanium-tartrate asymmetric epoxidation catalysts. The sign of induction depended on the alkyl group of the alkyl hydroperoxide oxidant. Trityl hydroperoxide gave 64% ee in the direction predicted by the model.
To Triage, To Triage

James E. Olson, PhD Department of Emergency Medicine Wright State University Dayton, OH To triage, to triage to buy an apt gig; Home again, home again, diagnosed thingamajig. To triage, to triage to buy an apt doc; Home again, home again, diagnosed thingamabob. To triage, to triage a gallop a trot; To buy some granite to put in the plot. One million, three million coverage supplied, If he hadn’t been killed, he must have died. Jonathan Singer, MD (jonathan.singer@wright.edu) Department of Emergency Medicine Wright State University Dayton, OH
Kit construction of a silver electroplater.

Plating unit. The constituents of the plating unit are: ( 1) aluminum mini-box, L.M.B., W-2C; (2) transformer, Stancor, P8190 117 to 6.3 v.; (3) silicone rectifier, Mallory, FW 50; (4) resistor, 15 ohm, 5 W; (5) rheostat, Centralab, 250 ohm, WW-251, short shaft; (6) rheostat knob, Davis 1400; (7) toggle switch, C-H 7501K12; (8) on-off plate, C-H YOl; (9) light holder, Dialco, 95-9110-09-102; (10) light cover, Dialco, red 95-0931; ( 11) lamp, General Electric No. 47 ; ( 12) milliamp meter, Simpson, 0 to 250 Ma., model 1227 ; ( 13) f use holder, Littelfuse, 342001 A; (14) fuse, Littelfuse, 3AGlA; (15) rubber grommet, !I!!” internal diameter, s/s” mounting hole; (16) outlet cord and plug, Belden, 17106; ( 17) hook-up wire, Belden, yellow 8524, 22 AWG (A merican wire gauge) ; (18) three banana jacks, Smith, 205, two black, one red; and (19) steel nut and bolt, two each, 8-32, 1”. Plater-bath connector. The plater-bath connector consists of: (1) plastic aquarium tubing, v4” diameter, 4” length, clear (hobby shop*) ; (2) three banana plugs, Smith, 212, two black, one red; and (3) three in-line banana jacks, Smith, 251, two black, one red. Bath. The following are needed for the bath: ( 1) banana plug (set screw), Smith, 204, red; (2) two banana plugs, noninsulated, Smith, 135; (3) four Fahnestock clips, 25/ss” x 15/1s”; (4) refrigerator crisper dish, 1 or 2 quart size, plastic*; (5) Plexiglas cover cut to fit top of crisper dish, r/4” thickness, clear*; (6) Plexiglas stops, clear scrap from cutting of lid, four pieces, 1” x ‘/4“ x I/4”*; (7) stainless steel wire, 4” length, 0.025” diameter* ; and (8) copper strip (bar), r/s” X 1/8” X 4” (M. L. Foss Company, Denver, Cola.*) .
Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype affects running speed and heat shock protein expression after exposure to extreme temperatures in a montane willow beetle

Eastern Sierra Nevada populations of the willow beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis commonly experience stressfully high and low environmental temperatures that may influence survival and reproduction. Allele frequencies at the enzyme locus phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) vary across a climatic latitudinal gradient in these populations, with PGI allele 1 being most common in cooler regions and PGI allele 4 in warmer ones. PGI genotypes differ in heat and cold tolerance and in expression of a 70 kDa heat shock protein. Here we examine genetic, behavioral and environmental factors affecting a performance character, running speed, for willow beetles, and assess effects of consecutive cold and heat exposure on running speed and expression of Hsp70 in the laboratory. In nature, running speed depends on air temperature and is higher for males than females. Mating beetles ran faster than single beetles, and differences among PGI genotypes in male running speed depended on the presence of females. In the laboratory, exposure to cold reduced subsequent running speed, but the amount of this reduction depended on PGI genotype and previous thermal history. Effects of exposure to heat also depended on life history stage and PGI genotype. Adults possessing allele 1 ran fastest after a single exposure to stressful temperature, whereas those possessing allele 4 ran faster after repeated exposure. Larvae possessing allele 4 ran fastest after a single stressful exposure, but running speed generally declined after a second exposure to stressful temperature. The ranking of PGI genotypes after the second exposure depended on whether a larva had been exposed to cold or heat. Effects of temperature on Hsp70 expression also varied among PGI genotypes and depended on type of exposure, especially for adults (single heat exposure, two cold exposures: PGI 1-1>1-4>4-4; other multiple extreme exposures: 4-4>1-4>1-1). There was no consistent association between alleles at other polymorphic enzyme loci and running speed or Hsp70 expression. These data suggest that variation at PGI is associated with considerable plasticity in running speed. Differences in Hsp70 expression among PGI genotypes suggest that the heat-shock response may buffer differences in thermal tolerance and performance among genotypes and help maintain the PGI polymorphism in a thermally variable environment.
Where was my arm again? Memory-based matching of proprioceptive targets is enhanced by increased target presentation time

Abstract Our sense of proprioception is vital for the successful performance of most activities of daily living, and memory-based joint position matching (JPM) tasks are often utilized to quantify such proprioceptive abilities. In the present study we sought to determine if matching a remembered proprioceptive target angle was influenced significantly by the length of time given to develop a neural representation of that position. Thirteen healthy adult subjects performed active matching of passively determined elbow joint angles (amplitude = 20° or 40° extension) in the absence of vision, with either a relatively “short” (3 s) or “long” (12 s) target presentation time. In the long condition, where subjects had a greater opportunity to develop an internal representation of the target elbow joint angle, matching movements had significantly smaller variable errors and were associated with smoother matching movement trajectories of a shorter overall duration. Taken together, these findings provide an important proprioceptive corollary for previous results obtained in studies of visually-guided reaching suggesting that increased exposure to target sensory stimuli can improve the accuracy of matching performance. Further, these results appear to be of particular importance with respect to the estimation of proprioceptive function in individuals with disability, who typically have increased noise in their proprioceptive systems.
LIGHT EFFECTS IN YEAST: PERSISTING OSCILLATIONS IN CELL DIVISION ACTIVITY AND AMINO ACID TRANSPORT IN CULTURES OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREYISIAE ENTRAINED BY LIGHT‐DARK CYCLES*

Abstract— In addition to the direct inhibitory effects of visible light (cool-white fluorescent, < 3500 lux) on growth and amino acid transport previously reported for cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cereui-siae (strain Y185 rho+) grown at 12°C in medium containing glucose, yeast carbon base, KH2PO4, ammonium ion and proline, we have found evidence for endogenous, light-entrainable, self-sustaining circadian and ultradian oscillators underlying both cell division and transport activity. Diurnal light (⋍ 3000 lux) cycles (LD), imposed on cultures previously grown in the dark, phased or synchronized cell number increase to a 24-h period with bud release being confined primarily to the dark intervals (although not necessarily every cell divided during any given division ‘burst’). The observed division or budding rhythm freeran with a circadian period (⋍26h) only approximating 24 h for a number of days in constant darkness (DD) following prior entrainment by LD, thereby implicating an endogenous circadian clock. Further, a similar light-entrainable circadian rhythm in the uptake of “C-histidine or 14C-lysine occurred in nondividing (or very slowly dividing) cultures during the “stationary” (infradian) phase of growth synchronized by a 24-h LD cycle and then released into DD for as long as 10 days. Some experiments revealed a bimodal (ultradian) periodicity in both LD and DD with secondary peaks or shoulders occurring at intervals of ⋍12h, corresponding approximately to subjective ‘dawn’ and ‘dusk’. Transport in cultures of the Y185 rho- petite mutant, which lacks cytochromes a/a3, b and cl, could not be synchronized by LD cycles, a finding that is consistent with the hypothesis that these chromophores may be primary photoreceptors for synchronization of rhythms in this microorganism.
N-terminal substitution of some sea cucumber hemoglobins

Abstract 1. 1. Each of the four major globins found in the erythrocytic hemoglobins of the sea cucumber Molpadia arenicola have been shown to be N-acetylated. 2. 2. The hemoglobins from the sea cucumbers M. oolitica, Cucumaria rubra, Thyonella pervicax and Pentacta pygnaea were also shown to be blocked at the N-terminus.
The effects of list composition and perceptual fluency on judgments of learning (JOLs)

The perceptual fluency hypothesis proposes that items that are easier to perceive at study will be given higher memorability ratings, as compared with less fluent items. However, prior research has examined this metamemorial cue primarily using mixed-list designs. Furthermore, certain memory effects are moderated by the design (mixed list vs. pure list) used to present stimuli. The present study utilized mixed as well as pure lists to assess whether judgments of learning based on perceptual fluency are relative or absolute and whether people are sensitive to differences in recall produced by variation in list composition. Using font size and generation manipulations, Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the effect of perceptual fluency on metamemory is relative in nature, occurring only in mixed lists. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that metamemory is insensitive to the effect of list composition on recall. These findings are consistent with the assumptions of Koriat’s (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 126: 349-370, 1997) cue-utilization framework, that JOLs reflect a comparative process and are insensitive to cues pertaining to conditions of learning.
Characterization of an activity-dependent, neuronal surface proteoglycan identified with monoclonal antibody Cat-301.

Abstract Monoclonal antibody Cat-301 was previously shown to recognize a surface-associated antigen on subsets of mammalian CNS neurons whose expression is regulated by neuronal activity early in an animal's postnatal life. We now present the partial purification and characterization of the Cat-301 antigen and demonstrate that it is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Extracellular localization of the Cat-301 epitope is demonstrated by staining live, intact neurons in situ. Extraction of the antigen from membranes in the absence of detergent indicates that it is either a peripheral membrane protein or a component of an extracellular matrix. The Cat-301 antigen migrates on Western blots of SDS gels with a molecular weight of ∼680,000 dalton and is purified by DEAE chromatography and Sepharose gel filtration in 8 M urea (pH 4.9) buffer. The antigen is sensitive to chondroitinase ABC, indicating that it is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence that the biochemically characterized antigen is indeed the histologically detected species by using a second antibody, Cat-304, that produces, immunohistological staining patterns identical to those of Cat-301 and reacts with the purified antigen, but at a distinct epitope. Our earlier developmental findings and the present localization and biochemical results suggest that the antigen may play a role in the maturation of functional connections between neurons, perhaps through stabilization of axosomatic and axodendritic synapses.
Leaf Reflectance and Transmittance in Soybean and Corn

Leaves have a major influence on canopy reflectance when they constitute the main spatial component in a vegatative canopy. Near normal-incidence, directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance of in situ individual leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were characterized as a function of wavelengths and growth. Spectral properties were measured in seven wavebands with an integrating sphere and prototype radiometer unit. Individual leaves periodically wee monitored from emergence and unfolding through 47 d in soybean and 77 d in corn (...)
REDESCRIPTION OF PHOXOCEPHALOPSIS ZIMMERI WITH A NEW SPECIES, AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FAMILY PHOXOCEPHALOPSIDAE (CRUSTACEA, AMPHIPODA) FROM MAGELLANIC SOUTH AMERICA

The marine fossorial Phoxocephalopsis zimmeri from the shallow sea floor of Magellanic South America is redescribed and made the type genus of a new family. This taxon stands in ancestral position both to the more apomorphic Urohaustoriidae of old Gondwanan seas and the vastly more apomorphic Haustoriidae confined to the North Atlantic Ocean. Urohaustoriidae have more advanced uropodal rami and Haustoriidae have more advanced mouthparts. A new species, Phoxocephalopsis gallardoi, from Magellan Strait, is described. A key to the species of Phoxocephalopsis includes Phoxocephalopsis deceptionis, P. psammophila, and a supposed new species culled from the literature. The old concept of Haustoriidae has been altered by Bousfield (1965) and Barnard and Drummond (1982) by confining the Haustoriidae to the select group of North Atlantic taxa characterized by Haustorius and by allocating several genera to the Urothoidae. Barnard and Drummond (1982) then described the new families Condukiidae, Urohaustoriidae, and Zobrachoidae from "Gondwanan seas" and removed the Pontoporeiidae to the superfamily Gammaroidea; the Platyischnopidae were segregated by Barnard and Drummond (1979). Finally another new family, Cheidae, has been described by Thurston (1982). One genus, Phoxocephalopsis, also deserves a family of its own. It stands in a position ancestral perhaps to three of the other haustoriid groups, the Haustoriidae, Urohaustoriidae, and Zobrachoidae. Though it may not be a direct ancestor it is certainly plesiomorphic to Haustoriidae because its mouthparts do not have the apomorphic baler lobes or loss of mandibular lobes on the lower lip and it differs from Urohaustoriidae and Zobrachoidae in the less apomorphic rami of uropods 1 and 2, which are closer to the normal styliform condition of ordinary amphipods than are the linguiform setose rami of the other 2 families. Methods and presentation follow those of Barnard and Clark (1982).
Local bonding configurations of amorphous SexTe1−x films

Abstract X-ray absorption measurements at both the Se and Te K-edges have been performed in binary chalcogenide amorphous (a−) Se x Te 1−x films. The EXAFS results for the Se K-edge indicate that the number of Se-Se bonds decreases with increasing Te content, while the number of Se-Te bonds increases. However, the bonding configuration of the Te site, which consists of one Se-Te and one Te-Te bond, remains the same as a function of composition. Furthermore, contrary to several other reports, we find no evidence of two other inequivalent Te sites (i.e., Te bonded to two Se neighbors or bonded to two Te neighbors).
Of mice and men: neuropeptide Y and its receptors are associated with atherosclerotic lesion burden and vulnerability

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic and platelet-derived vascular mitogen and angiogenic factor, has been implicated in atherosclerosis in animal and human genetic studies. Here we evaluate its association with human and murine atherosclerosis, and assess the role of platelet-derived NPY in lesion vulnerability. NPY immunoreactivity (NPY-ir) was measured in the platelet-poor and platelet-rich (PRP) plasmas, and NPY receptors (mitogenic Y1R and angiogenic Y2 and Y5Rs), CD26/DPPIV (a protease forming Y2/Y5-selective agonist), CD31-positive vascularity, and lesion morphology assessed by histo- and immunocyto-chemistry—in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and healthy volunteers, and in lard-fed ApoE−/− mice. NPY and NPY-R immunostaining was greater in lesions from PAD patients compared to normal vessels of healthy volunteers (p < 0.001), and localized to smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and adventitial/neovascular endothelial cells. CD26/DPPIV staining co-localized with CD31-positive endothelial cells only in atherosclerotic lesions. NPY-ir in PRP (but not plasma) and vascular immunostaining was higher (p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively) in men (not women) with PAD compared to healthy subjects. A similar gender specificity was observed in mice. PRP NPY-ir levels correlated with lesion area (p = 0.03), necrotic core area, and the necrotic core-to-lesion area ratio (p < 0.01) in male, but not female, mice. Also males with neovascularized lesions had higher PRP NPY-ir levels than those lacking lesion microvessels (p < 0.05). NPY and its Rs are up-regulated in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions suggesting pathogenic role. DPPIV expression by microvascular endothelium in atherosclerotic tissue may shift NPY’s affinity toward angiogenic Y2/Y5Rs, and thus enhance angiogenesis and lesion vulnerability. Remarkably, plaque neovascularization was associated with increased NPY-ir in PRP in males but not females, suggesting that platelet NPY may be a novel mediator/marker of lesion vulnerability particularly in males, for reasons that remain to be determined. Both animal and human data suggest that NPY is an important contributor to, and platelet NPY-ir a marker of, atherosclerotic lesion burden and vulnerability but only in males, perhaps due to androgen-dependent up-regulation of NPY, previously shown in rats.
Sentence processing with empty categories

Abstract In a recent article, Pickcring and Barry (1991) argue against the existence of empty categories (ECs) in human sentence processing. The purpose of this paper is to point out that Pickering and Barry's conclusion is too strong. Rather than arguing against the existence of empty categories, Pickering and Barry's data suggest only that if ECs are used by the sentence processor to link thematic roles to wh-phrases, then, given a wh-phrase, the sentence processor must posit an EC as soon as an appropriate position is licensed by the grammar. Thus empty categories may still serve a linking role between thematic role assigners and wh-phrases. This paper gives one possible parsing algorithm which accounts for Pickering and Barry's data within a framework that includes ECs.
Innovative approach to server performance and power monitoring in data centers using wireless sensors (invited paper)

Data Centers face considerable challenges in seamless propagation of telemetry data and executing control functions for performing various management functions. These functions are related to power capping, cooling, reliability, predictability, survivability, and adaptability control. In a conventional approach, distributed sense-data in a server node is collected through wired management interconnects and LAN. We present an alternative approach for this unique data center environment using wireless sensor network to improve data-collection efficiency and real-time delivery. We survey 2-tier sense data collection methodology using narrow-channel wireless interconnects for server management and RACK-level wireless sensor network for data center management.
Acetaldehyde Adducts of Phospholipids

Incubation of rat liver microsomes with acetaldehyde followed by reduction with borohydride of the Schiff bases formed leads to the formation of the N-ethyl derivatives of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Proof for this structure came from a comparison of these microsomal derivatives, and the nitrogenous bases derived therefrom by acid hydrolyses, with synthetic N-ethylphosphatidylethanolamine, N-ethylphosphatidylserine, N-ethylethanolamine, and N-ethylserine. Modification of membrane phospholipids by covalent binding of acetaldehyde to form Schiff bases may perturb some of the biochemical processes associated with membranes.
Saturn's equatorial haze

The amount of Raman scattering in Saturn's equatorial zone and polar regions near the central meridian at the wavelengths of the H and K Ca II solar lines, 3934 A and 3969 A was measured. Approximately 2.1 percent of the sunlight in this wavelength range is Raman scattered out of this range in Saturn's equatorial zone. Modeling the aerosol particle distribution as a clear, Rayleigh- and Raman-scattering gas over a dense haze yields an H2 column abundance of about 40 km-Amagats. Comparison with results obtained by Pioneer 11 suggests that either the equatorial haze was 2.5 times deeper at the time of these observations (May, 1981) than at the time of the Pioneer 11 flyby (Sept., 1979); or the haze particles are much more strongly polarizing in blue light than they are in red light.
Invariant methods for real-time object recognition and image understanding

In this paper we discuss certain recently developed invariant geometric techniques that can be used for fast object recognition or fast image understanding. The results make use of techniques from algebraic geometry that allow one to relate the geometric invariants of a feature set in 3D to similar invariants in 2D or 1D. The methods apply equally well to optical images or radar images. In addition to the "object/image" equations relating these invariants, we also discuss certain invariant metrics and show why they provide a more natural and robust test for matching object features to image features. Additional aspects of the work as it applies to shape reconstruction and shape statistics will also be explored.
Moral Education: An Idea Whose Time Has Gone

(1991). Moral Education: An Idea Whose Time Has Gone. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 309-312.
Extensive Sequencing of Tryptic Peptides of a Rabbit Reticulocyte 66-kDa Protein That Promotes Recycling of Hsp 70 HOMOLOGY TO STRESS-RELATED PROTEINS

Trypsinization and sequence analysis of the 66-kDa rabbit reticulocyte protein (RF-hsp 70), shown in the preceding article to function as a recycling protein for hsp 70, demonstrates striking similarity to the transformation-sensitive human protein IEF SSP 3521 (Honore, B., Leffers, H., Madsen, P., Rasmussen, H. H., Vandekerckhove, J., and Celis, J. E.(1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 8485-8491) and mouse extendin (Blatch, G. L., Lassle, M., Takatori, T., Gandhi, T., Kundra, V., and Zetter, B. R.(1995) Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 36, 68). The human and mouse proteins share 97% sequence identity, and sequencing of 20 polypeptides (225 residues) from RF-hsp 70 reveals only 10 differences between the rabbit and human proteins and 13 differences between the rabbit and mouse proteins (96 and 94% identity, respectively). In addition, all three proteins are of similar size, and each contains 11 cysteines. These findings strongly suggest that these three proteins are homologs of the same activity. All differences (but one) between the human and mouse proteins occur within the amino-terminal half of the protein, and there is only one difference among 121 sequenced residues between RF-hsp 70 and the human or mouse protein which occurs within the carboxyl-terminal 70% of the molecule. In addition, where partial sequences of RF-hsp 70 and p60, a chick oviduct protein that shows 70% identity to the human protein (Smith, D. F., Sullivan, W. P., Marion, T. N., Zaitsu, K., Madden, B., McCormick, D. J., and Toft, D. O. (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 869-876), overlap (a total of 54 residues), RF-hsp 70 and chick p60 show 78% sequence identity. Studies of the initial digestion of RF-hsp 70 by trypsin indicate that it is first converted to 58- and 54-kDa components, each of which is then converted to a 43-kDa polypeptide. This 43-kDa component is located in the human and mouse proteins at position 124 to about 470. It is converted subsequently to a 31-kDa polypeptide by trypsin hydrolysis at position 207. This 31-kDa component is finally split into 17- and 14-kDa polypeptides that are located at positions 208 to approximately 351 and 352 to approximately 470, respectively. The 14-kDa polypeptide is relatively resistant to further digestion with trypsin, and seven tryptic peptides from other parts of RF-hsp 70 contain internal lysine and/or arginine residues (as do several tryptic peptides produced from IEF SSP 3521 and chick p60). Both features may be due to interference with trypsin action by secondary structure in the protein, since trypsinization of reduced and carboxymethylated RF-hsp 70 results in hydrolysis of the 14-kDa polypeptide and reduces the level of peptides that contain internal lysine and/or arginine, although it does not eliminate them.
Some map matching algorithms for personal navigation assistants

Third-generation personal navigation assistants (PNAs) (i.e., those that provide a map, the user's current location, and directions) must be able to reconcile the user's location with the underlying map. This process is known as map matching. Most existing research has focused on map matching when both the user's location and the map are known with a high degree of accuracy. However, there are many situations in which this is unlikely to be the case. Hence, this paper considers map matching algorithms that can be used to reconcile inaccurate locational data with an inaccurate map/network.
Using Performance Measures to Manage Child Welfare Outcomes: Local Strategies and Decision Making

The federal child welfare performance measurement system exerts a profound influence over the design, delivery, and evaluation of child welfare services at the local level, with funding contingent upon participation in the federally mandated Child and Family Services Review. In this exploratory study the authors focus on local efforts to respond to and comply with the federal child welfare performance measurement system in 11 northern California counties. The authors review the System Improvement Plans of each county and the findings from focus groups with child welfare staff conducted in five of the counties that included the limitations of federal performance measures, the difficulty using these measures to inform decision making, and the continuing struggle to achieve the major child welfare goals of safety, permanency, and well-being. The implications include the need for: flexibility in the federal performance measurement system, opportunities to integrate local values and priorities, and child well-...
Effects of exercise-induced oxidative stress on nitric oxide release and antioxidant activity.

cardiovascular disease. 2 Although the precise mechanisms of these beneficial effects of exercise remain unclear, a number of studies have suggested hat modulation of vascular endothelial function may be involved. Endothelium plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone by releasing a number of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator substances. One of the most important endothelium-derived relaxing factors has been identified as nitric oxide (NO), and has been shown to play a significant role in the modulation of vascular tone. 3 NO is rapidly broken down by superoxide radicals, and its activity is increased in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD). 4 These observations suggest an important interaction between the oxidant-antioxidant system and the ability of vascular endothelium to regulate vascular tone. Although the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system have been shown to be largely beneficial, there are certain negative side effects. Some recent studies have demonstrated activation of platelets and coagulation cascade, 5 whereas others have shown that exercise is an oxidative stress. 6 To further characterize the influ
Evaluation of human carcinoembryonic-antigen (CEA)-transduced and non-transduced murine tumors as potential targets for anti-CEA therapies.

The MC-38 C57BL/6 mouse colon adenocarcinoma cell line has been transduced with a retroviral construct containing cDNA encoding the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene [Robbins PF, Kantor JA, Salgaller M, Horan Hand P, Fernsten PD, Schlom J (1991) Cancer Res 51: 3657]. Two clones, MC-38-ceal and MC-38-cea2, expressed high levels of CEA on their cell surface. A third CEA-expressing cell line, MCA-102-cea3, was similarly derived by transduction of the MCA-102 C57BL/6 mouse fibrosarcoma cell line and is described here. In this study, the three CEA-transduced murine tumor cell lines (MC-38-cea1, MC-38-cea2, MCA-102-cea3) were evaluated for their tumorigenic potential, as well as their ability to serve as in vivo model systems for active and passive immunotherapy studies. Parameters that were investigated include tumor growth rate, the antibody response of the host to CEA, and the CEA content of the tumors. The MC-38-cea2 model appeared to be the most appropriate for immunotherapy studies. Biodistribution studies, using an125I-labeled anti-CEA mAb, demonstrated efficient tumor targeting of MC-38-cea2 tumors in C57BL/6 and athymic mice.
The Social Significance of Academic Freedom

Academic freedom remains a central tenet of our nation’s colleges and universities. However, recent incidents have spawned debates regarding the merits of academic freedom and the mechanism that pr...
Do genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy

There is no direct and conclusive evidence that genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of microangiopathy in diabetes. Associations between HLA antigens and complications, which would contribute conclusive evidence of a genetic contribution to the genesis of these complications, have been reported but not consistently confirmed. On the other hand, circumstantial evidence from studies of the natural history of the disease and its complications and from twin studies strongly suggest that genes do contribute to the susceptibility to small vessel disease. The most important genes providing this susceptibility are probably unrelated to HLA. Even if the total genetic contribution to susceptibility for microangiopathy turns out to be small in comparison with that provided by metabolic factors, their knowledge early in the course of the disease would serve the important role of identifying subjects in need of more intensive diabetic management to prevent vascular complications.
The nitroarenes of molecular weight 247 in ambient particulate samples collected in southern california

Abstract In addition to the dominant nitroarenes 2-nitrofluoranthene and 1- and 2-nitropyrene, the less abundant nitroarenes of molecular weight 247 in ambient particles collected during summer and winter pollutant episode conditions in southern California have been identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The approximate order of abundance of these nitroarenes was: 2-nitrofluoranthene > 1-nitropyrene ∼ 2-nitropyrene > 8-nitrofluoranthene ≳ 3-nitrofluoranthene > 7-nitrofluoranthene > a nitroacephenanthrylene ∼ 4-nitropyrene. The concentrations of 2-nitrofluoranthene, 1- and 2-nitropyrene and, in some cases, 3- and 8-nitrofluoranthene in 12 ambient samples are given. Significant differences in the distributions of these nitroarene isomers were observed among these samples and these are attributed to the varying importance of direct emission and atmospheric formation by reaction of the gaseous parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with N 2 O 5 and/or the OH radical (in the presence of NO x ). In particular, a very high (≳ 100) 2-nitrofluoranthene/2-nitropyrene concentration ratio appears to be indicative of nitroarene formation through night-time N 2 O 5 reaction.
Interdisciplinary training in the evaluation of child sexual abuse

To increase their knowledge of the medical evaluation and reporting of child sexual abuse, medical students, pediatric resident physicians, fellows and attendings participated in an interdisciplinary team-based training program consisting of didactic lectures, case discussions, videotapes and direct participation in patient evaluation. Content focused on the medical knowledge and skills needed for an assessment of the child's interview, anogenital examination and the indications for case reporting to child protection authorities. We evaluated the results of this training in our outpatient child abuse clinic located in a university-affiliated, municipal hospital using a survey which assesses knowledge of female genital anatomy, sexually-acquired diseases and case reporting in a nonrandomized control trial. Fifteen medical students and pediatric physicians participated and were compared to a reference group of 127 participants who did not receive this training and 15 others who randomly repeated the survey instrument during the study period. The results showed that resident physicians demonstrated increased mean total scores in the survey instrument. We conclude that an interdisciplinary team using patient care exposure increases physician knowledge in the evaluation of child sexual abuse.
Design of thyroxine replacement therapy with SCoP and SCoPfit

The National Biomedical Simulation Resource (NBSR) is a federally funded computer installation which provides nationwide access without charge to specialized hardware and software for computer simulation in biomedical research and offers training in their use. The NBSR staff has written a simulation program package, SCoP (Simulation Control Program), which is versatile and easy to use. SCoP is available for IBM PC, VAX VMS, and Unix systems. Instructions are given for obtaining an account on the NBSR computer and a copy of the SCoP package. A model of thyroxine replacement therapy for a patient with defective thyroid function is presented as an example of the use of SCoP.
MacAndrew Addiction Scale and other MMPI characteristics associated with obesity, anorexia and smoking behavior.

Abstract Groups of persons with substance abuse problems (obesity, smoking, and anorexia) and a normal control group of persons without habit problems were evaluated on the MacAndrew Scale (MAC) of the MMPI (originally developed to measure proneness to alcoholism). Two point code types were calculated for those persons for whom complete MMPI information was available. The male smokers demonstrated a mean MAC score close to the addictive range. The female smokers and the in general moderately obese groups as well as the anorexic group showed no significant differences in MAC score in comparison to the normal controls. The smokers and obese subjects showed a tendency toward depression and impulsivity, and the smokers also showed a trend toward somatization. It appears from the present findings as well as those of other investigators that an elevated score on the MacAndrew Scale can be interpreted as an indication of an addiction problem or addiction proneness. However, not all persons with substance abuse patterns have an elevated score on this measure.
Stratigraphic and climatic implications of clay mineral changes around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary of the northeastern US margin

Abstract Kaolinite usually is present in relatively small amounts in most upper Paleocene and lower Eocene neritic deposits of the northern US Atlantic Coastal Plain. However, there is a short period (less than 200,000 k.y.) in the latest Paleocene (upper part of calcareous nannoplankton Zone NP 9) when kaolinite-dominated clay mineral suites replaced the usual illite/smectite-dominated suites. During this time of global biotic and lithologic changes, kaolinite increased from less than 5% of the clay mineral suite to peak proportions of 50–60% of the suite and then returned to less than 5% in uppermost Paleocene/lowermost Eocene strata. This kaolinite pulse is present at numerous localities from southern Virginia to New Jersey. These sites represent both inner and middle neritic depositional environments and reflect input from several river drainage systems. Thus, it is inferred that kaolinite-rich source areas were widespread in the northeastern US during the latest Paleocene. Erosion of these source areas contributed the kaolinite that was transported and widely dispersed into shelf environments of the Salisbury embayment. The kaolinite increase, which occurred during a time of relatively high sea level, probably is the result of intensified weathering due to increased temperature and precipitation. The southern extent of the kaolinite pulse is uncertain in that uppermost Paleocene beds have not been identified in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. The late Paleocene kaolinite pulse that consists of an increase to peak kaolinite levels followed by a decrease can be used for detailed correlation between more upbasin and more downbasin sections in the Salisbury embayment. Correlations show that more upbasin Paleocene/Eocene boundary sections are erosionally truncated. They have varying portions of the kaolinite increase and, if present at all, discontinuous portions of the subsequent kaolinite decrease. As these truncated sections are disconformably overlain by lower Eocene strata, rapid erosional removal of large parts of the most kaolinite-rich P/E boundary clay deposits occurred by early Eocene time. Erosion of the kaolinite-rich P/E boundary beds was enhanced during times of sea-level fall when kaolinite-rich sediments were redeposited to produce kaolinite spikes in basal beds of lower and middle Eocene sequences that have little or no kaolinite elsewhere in the sequence. In contrast, more downbasin sites document only the upper, decreasing part of the kaolinite pulse. The absence of strata documenting the earlier kaolinite increase is attributed to slow sedimentation (condensed interval) as a result of a significant sea level rise that ponded most sediments in shallower waters, combined with the probable subsequent erosional removal of these thin downbasin deposits by oceanic currents.
Effect of temperature on geminivirus-induced RNA silencing in plants

Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the molecular markers of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), are powerful tools that interfere with gene expression and counter virus infection both in plants and animals. Here, we report the effect of temperature on geminivirus-induced gene silencing by quantifying virus-derived siRNAs and by evaluating their distribution along the virus genome for isolates of five species of cassava geminiviruses in cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and Nicotiana benthamiana. Cassava geminivirus-induced RNA silencing increased by raising the temperature from 25°C to 30°C, with the appearance of less symptomatic newly developed leaves, irrespective of the nature of the virus. Consequently, nonrecovery-type geminiviruses behaved like recovery-type viruses under high temperature. Next, we evaluated the distribution of virus-derived siRNAs on the respective virus genome at three temperatures (25°C, 25°C–30°C, and 30°C). For recovery-type viruses, siRNAs accumulated at moderately higher levels during virus-induced PTGS at higher temperatures, and there was no change in the distribution of the siRNA population along the virus genome. For nonrecovery-type viruses, siRNAs accumulated at strikingly higher levels than those observed for infections with recovery-type viruses at high temperature. As determined for an RNA virus, temperature influences gene silencing for single-stranded DNA geminiviruses. It is possible that other mechanisms besides gene silencing also control geminivirus accumulation at high temperatures. The findings presented here should be taken into consideration when implementing PTGS-based strategies to control plant virus accumulation.
Ventral tegmental injections of morphine but not U-50,488H enhance feeding in food-deprived rats

Abstract Food-deprived rats received microinjections of the preferential μ opiate morphine or the selective κ opiate U-50,488H (0.1, 1 and 10 nmol) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Meals were divided into discrete segments so that repeated measures of the speed of eating and the latency to initiate eating could be obtained. Morphine produced a dose-dependant increase in the speed of eating. Injections of saline or U-50,488H into the VTA or injections of morphine dorsal to the VTA were ineffective. Neither morphine nor U-50,488H had a significant effect on the latency to initiate feeding. These data suggests that μ but not κ opioid receptors in the VTA are involved in the regulation of feeding in food-deprived rats.
Uterine deletion of Gp130 or Stat3 shows implantation failure with increased estrogenic responses.

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a downstream target of estrogen, is essential for implantation in mice. LIF function is thought to be mediated by its binding to LIF receptor (LIFR) and recruitment of coreceptor GP130 (glycoprotein 130), and this receptor complex then activates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/3. However, the importance of LIFR and GP130 acting via STAT3 in implantation remains uncertain, because constitutive inactivation of Lifr, Gp130, or Stat3 shows embryonic lethality in mice. To address this issue, we generated mice with conditional deletion of uterine Gp130 or Stat3 and show that both GP130 and STAT3 are critical for uterine receptivity and implantation. Implantation failure in these deleted mice is associated with higher uterine estrogenic responses prior to the time of implantation. These heightened estrogenic responses are not due to changes in ovarian hormone levels or expression of their nuclear receptors. In the deleted mice, estrogen-responsive gene, ...
Survival of the Less-fit: A Least Shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae, Cryptotis parvus) Survives a Separated Leg Fracture in the Wild

X-rays of the deformed femur of a least shrew (Cryptotis parvus) revealed an ossified callus enclosing a greatly displaced, spiral fracture. Based on models of fracture healing, this shrew lived for at least 28 days postfracture. Survival of major fractures in the wild may not be uncommon.
Carcass and meat palatability breed differences and heterosis effects in an Angus-Brahman multibreed population.

Abstract Additive genetic Angus–Brahman differences, heterosis effects, and least squares means for six carcass and six meat palatability traits were estimated using data from 1367 steers from the Angus–Brahman multibreed herd of the University of Florida collected from 1989 to 2009. Brahman carcasses had higher dressing percent ( P 0.0001), lower marbling ( P 0.0001), smaller ribeye area ( P 0.0001), and less fat over the ribeye ( P 0.0001) than Angus carcasses. Brahman beef was less tender ( P 0.0001), had more connective tissue ( P 0.0001), and it was less juicy ( P 0.001) than Angus beef. Heterosis increased hot carcass weight ( P 0.0001), dressing percent ( P 0.017), ribeye area ( P 0.0001), fat over the ribeye ( P 0.0001), and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat ( P 0.01) in Angus–Brahman crossbred steers. Results indicated that crossbred animals with up to 50% Brahman showed limited negative impact on meat quality while maximizing meat yield due to heterosis.
Fourier Transform of the Multicenter Product of 1s Hydrogenic Orbitals and Coulomb or Yukawa Potentials and the Analytically Reduced Form for Subsequent Integrals that Include Plane Waves

The Fourier transform of the multicenter product of N 1s hydrogenic orbitals and M Coulomb or Yukawa potentials is given as an (M+N-1)-dimensional Feynman integral with external momenta and shifted coordinates. This is accomplished through the introduction of an integral transformation, in addition to the standard Feynman transformation for the denominators of the momentum representation of the terms in the product, which moves the resulting denominator into an exponential. This allows the angular dependence of the denominator to be combined with the angular dependence in the plane waves.
Gamma irradiation of polypeptides: transformation of amino acids.

The formation of aspartic acid from glutamic acid, of aspartic and glutamic acids from proline, of α-amino -n- butyric acid from methionine, of aspartic acid from histidine, of dihydroxyphenylalanine from tyrosine, of tyrosine and dihydroxyphenylalanine from phenylalanine, of alanine from cysteine, and of glycine from alanine was observed when aqueous solutions of these amino acids in the form of peptides or polyamino acids were irradiated. When poly -L- glutamic acid or poly -L- proline was irradiated in the presence of C 14 - labeled NaHCO 3 , the radioactive carbon was fixed by the aspartic and the glutamic acid.
Investigation on the Wall Circulation Characteristic of Boiler under Solar-Coal Complementary Electric Generation Condition

Utilizing multi energy sources synthetically is one of the trends of energy utilization. China has splendid solar energy resource, however, the majority of the electricity production still comes from coal-fired power plants. It is of great necessity to investigate the solar-coal complementary electric generation technology. A 300MW unit thermal-circulation boiler has been studied; calculations about the wall circulation characteristics have been made under 40 conditions. The influence of solar-energy utilization on wall circulation has been analyzed. Calculation and analysis indicated the following: the utilization of solar energy has prominent influences on the steaming point and the under-heating condition of the drum water; the solar energy could be used at high load or low load with the high pressure heaters bypassed conditions, but should not used at 60%-70% load.