cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stimulatory effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone upon secretion of progesterone and inhibin activity by cultured infant human ovarian granulosa cells.

Ovarian tissue obtained from three human infants (60, 120, and 210days of age) was separated into cell types and cultured. Granulosa cells from two of three subjects were viable and grew in culture. The cells had the potential to secrete low levels of progesterone and responded to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone added in culture with greatly enhanced ability to secrete progesterone. Granulosa cells could also secrete inhibin activity in culture and responded to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with enhanced inhibin secretion. The granulosa cells also had the potential to secrete estrogen in the presence of testosterone. Serum levels of gonadotropin in the human infant are elevated for a period between 1 and 4months; yet only follicular growth, not luteinization, occurs. It can be concluded that infant human granulosa cells, like adult human granulosa cells, have the potential of responding in vitro to gonadotropin.
Assessment of reagents for selenocysteine conjugation and the stability of selenocysteine adducts

Conventional antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are heterogeneous mixtures that have poor pharmacokinetic properties and decreased efficacy relative to homogenous ADCs. Furthermore, ADCs that are maleimide-based often have inadequate circulatory stability, which can result in premature drug release with consequent off-target toxicities. Selenocysteine-modified antibodies have been developed that allow site-specific antibody conjugation, yielding homogeneous ADCs. Herein, we survey several electrophilic functional groups that react with selenocystine with high efficiency. Several of these result in conjugates with stabilities that are superior to maleimide conjugates. Among these, the allenamide functional group reacts with notably high efficiency, leads to conjugates with remarkable stability, and shows exquisite selectivity for selenocysteine conjugation.
Spectrographic Analysis of Biological Materials

A study of elemental variation in the tissues of the individual was made by emission spectroscopy. Tissue ash was burned in air; various elements appeared in the arc at different times, the most volatile early and the more refractory later. Precision was found to be adequate for a survey of values and observation of gross difference. Method and results are summarized.
Pregnancy intentionality in relation to non-planning impulsivity.

AbstractBackground: Half of US pregnancies are unintended. Understanding risk factors is important for reducing unintended pregnancy rates.Aim: We examined a novel risk factor for unintended pregnancies, impulsivity. We hypothesized that non-planning impulsivity, but not motor or attentional impulsivity, would be related to pregnancy intention.Methods: Pregnant women (N = 116) completed self-report measures during their second or third trimester. Impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15); subscales measured motor, attentional and non-planning impulsivity (subscale range: 5–20). On each subscale, high impulsivity was indicated by a score of ≥11. Pregnancy intention was assessed by asking women whether they were trying to become pregnant at the time of conception (yes or no). Crude and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models estimated the cross-sectional association between impulsivity and unplanned pregnancy.Results: Thirty-four percent of women reported that their c...
A Comparative Study of American Tourists’ Perceptions of Canada and Mexico as Travel Destinations

Tourism marketers know that the perceptions and images that consumers have of a travel destination play a significant role in their destination choice processes. Thus, it is incumbent on tourism marketers to ascertain what past/potential travellers think, associate with, or believe to be true about the region. This study offers insights into some Americans’ perceptions about travel to both Canada and Mexico.
Synthesis of Fault-Attack Countermeasures for Cryptographic Circuits

Fault sensitivity analysis (FSA) is a side-channel attack method that injects faults to cryptographic circuits through clock glitching and applies statistical analysis to deduce sensitive data such as the cryptographic key. It exploits the correlation between the circuit’s signal path delays and sensitive data. A countermeasure, in this case, is an alternative implementation of the circuit where signal path delays are made independent of the sensitive data. However, manually developing such countermeasure is tedious and error prone. In this paper, we propose a method for synthesizing the countermeasure automatically to defend against FSA attacks. Our method uses a syntax-guided inductive synthesis procedure combined with a light-weight static analysis. Given a circuit and a set of sensitive signals as input, it returns a functionally-equivalent and FSA-resistant circuit as output, where all path delays are made independent of the sensitive signals. We have implemented our method and evaluated it on a set of cryptographic circuits. Our experiments show that the method is both scalable and effective in eliminating FSA vulnerabilities.
Seattle, the Pacific Basin, and the Sources of Regional Modernism

AbstractThe emergence of mid-twentieth-century architecture that was both modern and regional in Seattle and nearby areas of Washington State presents a singular case study demonstrating an array of influences from Asia and Latin America as well as the Pacific Coast of the United States. This network of influences is evidence of the “complexity of a dissemination” that gained momentum in the 1930s as the modern movement began to spread globally, as identified by historian William J. R. Curtis. Although awareness of distant sources primarily influenced design vocabularies from the 1930s to the 1950s in the Pacific Northwest, by the early 1960s, as Seattle architects and landscape architects began to travel to Japan, they developed a much deeper understanding from a broader collection of sites, and this, in turn, shaped surprisingly varied local responses from Rich Haag’s ideas of “non-striving” design to Victor Steinbrueck’s increasing interest in Pike Place Market. Untangling the array of Pacific Basin in...
Status Epilepticus in Patients with SMART (P5.012)

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is likely a misnomer. BACKGROUND SMART is characterized by radiographic findings of unilateral radiographic cortical edema with gadolinium enhancement in patients with a history of radiation therapy. While seizures are known to occur, status epilepticus (SE) is not typically thought to be a prevalent feature. DESIGN/METHODS We present three patients diagnosed with SMART. All underwent video EEG (VEEG) monitoring. RESULTS 1) A 50y old male with irradiated medulloblastoma presented with somnolence and right hemiparesis. MRI showed left cortical restricted diffusion and gyriform enhancement. VEEG revealed left parietal-occipital SE which was terminated with maximal doses of lacosamide and levetiracetam. Mental status and focal deficits significantly improved. 2) A 61y old male who underwent radiation for renal cell carcinoma brain metastasis was admitted for left hand tingling and hemiparesis. MRI showed right hemisphere gyriform swelling, diffusion restriction and enhancement. VEEG showed right parietal-occipital SE. Levetiracetam, valproic acid, lacosamide, topiramate and klonopin eventually reduced seizure frequency. His deficits improved over two months. 3) A 62y old female with breast cancer metastasis treated with radiation presented with obtundation and left neglect. MRI showed right hemispheric hyperperfusion, gyriform enhancement and swelling. VEEG showed prolonged 14 minute right temporal seizure. Maximal doses of levetiracetam and phenytoin significantly improved mental status. CONCLUSIONS We describe three patients with SMART presenting with SE. Our cases raise the concern that SMART is not necessarily a migraine phenomenon but can be a form of focal SE associated with stroke-like symptoms. In patients with radiographic suspicion of SMART we suggest a low threshold for vEEG monitoring and aggressive anti-epileptic management. Disclosure: Dr. Fan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gabriel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gerard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schuele has received personal compensation for activities with Sunovion and Eisai as a speaker.
General equation for determining the dissociation constants of polyprotic acids and bases from additive properties: Part IV. Application to potentiometric titration

Abstract It is shown that acid–base titration can be treated, in general, as an additive property. This is based on the fact that the average charge on the undissociated and dissociated solute species at equilibrium is an additive property. This is also supported by the fact that the general equation for the acid–base titration curve can be written in the form of the general equation for additive properties as derived in Part I of this series of papers. The general equation is then used with the theory of statistical adjustment of data to derive an iterative procedure for extracting: the dissociation constants, the relative activity coefficients of the ionic species, the concentration of the analyte, and, at the same time, calculating the error in each parameter. The method yields a complete analysis of the error propagation resulting from the errors of measuring different variables. It is also shown that the equation of the titration curve can be transformed into an exact equation of a straight line whose slope is directly related to the equivalence volumes, thus providing an exact, simple method for determining end-points and equivalence volumes which is superior to Gran plots.
1982 The Hamilton–Zuk Hypothesis

The ability to produce signals to attract mates may be affected by parasite and disease loads; animals with better immune functions produce better signals. This can make sexually selected signals, such as plumage color in birds, honest reflections of a potential mates immunological capacity.
Product Market Competition, Dividend Policy, and Shareholder Protection: The International Evidence

This study examines whether dividend payout, an internal corporate governance mechanism, is a substitute or an outcome of product market competition, an external corporate governance mechanism. The sample includes firms in six of the world’s most prominent economies. We find that firms in more competitive industries pay less in the way of dividends to their shareholders, which is consistent with the notion that dividends and competition are substitutes. We also determine that the negative relationship between dividends and competition is attenuated by the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and is weaker in countries with a stronger set of protections for minority shareholders. Our empirical findings are robust to alternative measures of dividend payout, industry definition, and shareholder protection.
Peptide valency plays an important role in the activity of a synthetic fibrin-crosslinking polymer.

Therapeutic polymers have the potential to improve the standard of care for hemorrhage, or uncontrolled bleeding, as synthetic hemostats. PolySTAT, a fibrin-crosslinking peptide-polymer conjugate, has the capacity to rescue fibrin clot formation and improve survival in a model of acute traumatic bleeding. PolySTAT consists of a synthetic polymer backbone to which targeting fibrin-binding peptides are linked. For translation of PolySTAT, the optimal valency of peptides must be determined. Grafting of fibrin-binding peptides to the poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based backbone was controlled to produce peptide valencies ranging from 0 to 10 peptides per polymer. PolySTATs with valencies of ≈4 or greater resulted in increased clot firmness, kinetics, and decreased breakdown as measured by thromboelastometry. A valency of ≈4 increased clot firmness 57% and decreased clot breakdown 69% compared to phosphate-buffered saline. This trend was characterized by neutron scattering, which probed the structure of clots formed in the presence of PolySTAT. Finally, PolySTAT with valencies of 4 (100% survival; p = 0.013) and 8 (80% survival; p = 0.063) improved survival compared to an albumin control in a femoral artery injury model (20% survival). This work demonstrates tunability of hemostatic polymers and the ability of in vitro assays to predict in vivo efficacy.
Heat stress alters animal physiology and post-absorptive metabolism during pre- and postnatal development

88 Introduction 89 Materials and Methods 90 In utero environments 90 Postnatal environments 91 Blood sampling and analysis 93 Statistics 94 Results 97 Thermal indices 97 Core temperature 97 Respiration rate 98 Skin temperature 98 Growth parameters 99 Blood parameters 99 Discussion 100 Perspectives and significance 105 References 107
A Prospective Study of the Concordance of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sparked considerable concern about the potential implications of these changes. This study was designed to address limitations of prior studies by prospectively examining the concordance of DSM-IV and final DSM-5 criteria on a consecutive sample of 439 children referred for autism diagnostic evaluations. Concordance and discordance were assessed using a consistent diagnostic battery. DSM-5 criteria demonstrated excellent overall specificity and good sensitivity relative to DSM-IV criteria. Sensitivity and specificity were strongest for children meeting DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder, but poor for those meeting criteria for Asperger’s disorder and pervasive developmental disorder. Higher IQ, older age, female sex, and less pronounced ASD symptoms were associated with greater discordance.
Exploratory Investigation into a Chemically Activated Fly Ash Binder for Mortars

AbstractThis paper explores the beneficial use of low-reactivity coal fly ashes as cementitious binder in mortars without heat activation. A uniform design scheme was employed for the statistical d...
Lithium + Colchicine: A Potential Strategy to Reduce Pro-inflammatory Effects of Lithium Treatment.

Purpose Rosenblat and McIntyre (Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015;132: 180-191) propose that immune disorders are important mediators between bipolar disorders and medical comorbidities. Rosenblat et al (Bipolar Disord. 2016;18:89-101) present a meta-analysis showing that adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents could evoke moderate antidepressant responses in bipolar disorders. We propose using the anti-inflammatory drug colchicine to improve the long-term safety and efficacy of lithium treatment for bipolar disorders. Methods This report is based on searches of the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results Bipolar disorders are associated with significant medical comorbidities such as hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and arteriosclerosis, accompanied by enhanced release of pro-inflammatory markers during changes in mood state. During lithium therapy, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and neutrophil elastase enter the circulation with activated neutrophils to promote the extravascular migration of activated neutrophils and enhance tissue inflammation. Concurrent treatment with lithium and low-dose colchicine could facilitate the responsiveness of bipolar patients to lithium by reducing leukocyte tissue emigration, the release of neutrophil elastase, and the release of leukocyte pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β that are regulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly complex. Conclusions Concurrent therapy with lithium and low-dose colchicine could reduce complications involving leukocyte-mediated inflammatory states in bipolar patients and promote patient acceptance and responsiveness to lithium therapy.
STRONG: a trajectory-based verification toolbox for hybrid systems

We present STRONG, a MATLAB toolbox for hybrid system verification. The toolbox addresses the problem of reachability/safety verification for bounded time. It simulates a finite number of trajectories and computes robust neighborhoods around their initial states such that any trajectory starting from these robust neighborhoods follows the same sequence of locations as the simulated trajectory does and avoids the unsafe set if the simulated trajectory does. Numerical simulation and computation of robust neighborhoods for linear dynamics scale well with the size of the problem. Moreover, the computation can be readily parallelized because the nominal trajectories can be simulated independently of each other. This paper showcases key features and functionalities of the toolbox using some examples.
Introduction to volume synthesis

A recently increasing trend in the use of discrete voxel representation for a variety of geometry-based applications is apparent. These applications include CAD, simulation, and animation, as well as those that intermix geometric objects with 3D sampled or computed datasets. In these applications, the inherently continuous 3D geometric scene is sampled employing voxelization (3D scan conversion) algorithms, which generate a 3D raster of voxels. The voxelized objects have to conform to some 3D discrete topological requirements such as connectivity and absence of tunnels. During the voxelization process, termed also the volume synthesis process, each voxel is assigned precomputed numeric values that represent some measurable viewing-independent properties of a tiny cube of the real object. These values are then readily accessible for speeding up the rendering process. The voxelization algorithms are the counterparts of the 2D scan conversion algorithms, and the 3D raster generated by them is the 3D counterpart of conventional 2D raster.
DESIGN STUDIES OF CONDENSERS AND RADIATORS FOR CESIUM AND POTASSIUM VAPOR CYCLE SPACE POWER PLANTS.

Design studies of condensers and radiators for cesium and potassium vapor cycle space power plants
Phase II trial of 9-aminocamptothecin as a 72-h infusion in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC), a syntheticcamptothecin analog, in advanced cutaneousT-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Methods: Eligible patientshad stage IIB-IV CTCL. 9-AC was infused over 72 h at adose of 1,100 μg/m2 per day (approximately46 μg/m2/h) every 2 weeks, withgranulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) support. Results: Twelve patients received atotal of 30 cycles of 9-AC. Nine patients hadstage IV disease, 5 patients hadcirculating Sezary cells, and 2 patientshad evidence of tranformation to alarge cell lymphoma. Most of the patientswere heavily pretreated: 10 had receivedprior chemotherapy (83%), 5 of whom hadreceived 2 or more prior regimens,including a patient who had receivedhigh-dose chemotherapy, and 7 hadpreviously received total-skin electronbeam therapy. The study was prematurelyterminated due to substantial toxicity. Sixpatients (50%) developed an indwellingcentral venous catheter-related infection,5 during a period of neutropenia. Threepatients died due to sepsis 4-8 weeks aftertheir last 9-AC treatment. Two of thesepatients had a previous history ofbacterial sepsis. Four patients (33%)developed grade IV thrombocytopenia. Twopartial responses were observed (responserate 17%), but the duration of responsewas brief, 4-8 weeks. Conclusion: 9-AC at thisschedule and route of administration had activity but resultedin an unacceptable rate of complicatedneutropenia and septic deaths in heavilypretreated patients with advanced CTCL whoare susceptible to catheter-relatedinfections.
Insulin, phorbol ester and serum regulate the elongation phase of protein synthesis.

Since the discovery of the role of heme as a regulator of initiation of protein synthesis through the heme-regulated protein kinase (HCR, HRI), studies on regulation of protein synthesis have focused primarily on the various steps of initiation, as discussed elsewhere in this volume. Relatively little effort has been directed toward examining whether the elongation step is regulated. However, evidence is accumulating both in vivo and in vitro indicating that regulation of elongation by phosphorylation is concomitant with that occurring at initiation, and critical in maintaining the appropriate rate of protein synthesis under a variety of hormonal and environmental conditions.
Immune Checkpoint and Immunostimulatory Reporter Bioassays to Advance the Development of Therapeutic Antibodies in Immunotherapy Research Programs

Immunomodulatory biologics, which elicit their therapeutic effects by inducing, inhibiting, or modulating immune responses, have shown therapeutic utility in a variety of clinical conditions including cancer and autoimmune disease. As a result, biologics therapeutics, and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in particular, are a dominant and increasing focus of pharmaceutical pipelines. However, due to their structural and biological complexity, mAb biologics and biosimilars require unique functional and analytical tools for development and characterization. We have developed a suite of cell and reporter-based bioassays to advance the development and commercialization of mAb biologics. Specifically, we have developed cell-based bioassays in “thaw-and-use” format for the following Immune Checkpoint and Immunostimulatory receptor targets: PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 GITR, 4-1BB, CD40, OX40 T Cell Activation These reporter-based bioassays offer high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, and demonstrate the performance required for use in antibody screening, potency determination, and stability studies.
Assessing urban-rural differences in the relationship between social capital and depression among Ghanaian and South African older adults

Introduction Research has demonstrated benefits of social capital on depression, but variations in this relationship by geographic characteristics such as urbanicity have rarely been investigated. Methods Using survey data on 4,209 Ghanaian and 3,148 South African adults aged 50 and above from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to extract dimensions of social capital from survey items. Structural equation models with the extracted factors were then used to estimate the associations between social capital and depression in each sample and assess differences between urban and rural settings with measurement and structural invariance tests. Results Factor analyses suggested three dimensions of social capital representing community engagement, sociability, and trust. Urbanicity did not substantially modify the effects of social capital on depression in either setting, but urban-rural differences in the measurement and level of social capital were observed. Urban Ghanaian older adults were less socially integrated and trusting than older rural residents (standardized mean difference: -0.28, -0.24, and -0.38 for community engagement, sociability, and trust, respectively) while urban South African older adults appeared less engaged in community activities but significantly more trusting and socially active informally than older rural residents (standardized mean difference: -0.33, 0.30, and 0.17 for community engagement, sociability, and trust, respectively). Moreover, while trust was associated with a lower risk of depression in South Africa overall, sociability and trust were associated with an increased risk of depression in Ghana. Conclusions Results indicate that the composition and average levels of social capital differ between urban and rural older adult residents in Ghana and South Africa although urban-rural differences in the strength of the association between social capital and depression were not substantial. Furthermore, the associations between social capital and depression are context-specific and are not uniformly beneficial.
Abstract 725: A Transcriptional Basis for Neonatal Heart Regeneration at Single Cell Resolution

The adult mammalian heart has limited capacity for regeneration following injury, whereas the neonatal heart can readily regenerate within a short period after birth. Deciphering the molecular unde...
Security/stability-based Pareto optimal solution for distribution networks planning implementing NSGAII/FDMT

Abstract This paper presents a new hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of Renewable Energy Generations (here, photovoltaic system) in distribution networks. For this purpose, a multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II) is implemented to offer variety sets of solutions as a two/three-dimensional Pareto optimal set. To find the final solution, a fuzzy decision-making tool (FDMT) is proposed to extend the notion of Pareto method and obtain the optimal solution from the Pareto optimal set. In this study, three objectives are defined: (a) the minimization of distribution network power losses; (b) minimization of comprehensive annual cost including capital, operation, and maintenance costs; (c) minimization of stability ( J BSI , J LSI ) and security ( J VSI , J TCSI ) indices. A robust direct power flow method employing BIBC and BCBV matrices along with a simple matrix calculation is used as a fast and reliable approach for the load flow calculation in the distribution system. The combination of PV(s) along with a capacitor is investigated in order to provide for flexible planning. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed method are tested by considering different case studies on a 33-bus, 69-bus, and 228-bus real radial distribution systems and the results are presented. These results are compared with other methods and it is shown that the proposed method exhibits higher capability, efficiency, and flexibility in improving the distribution system characteristics.
Electron Transfer Reorganization Energies in the Electrode-Electrolyte Double Layer.

The total reorganization energy, λ, for interfacial electron transfer, ET, from a conductive electrode to redox-active molecules at fixed positions within the electric double layer, EDL, has been d...
Graduate Computer Science Programs at American Universities

Publisher Summary This chapter describes some of the principal problems that seem to be associated with computer science education and some of the different approaches that are used. The area of concern is education at the graduate level, but the brief consideration of undergraduate courses and activity is necessary, if only to define the offering considered suitable for the graduate level. The following goals represent some of the different objectives in computer science education: (1) to train effective workers who will be included in the force of some hundreds of thousands of professional programmers and systems analysts who will be using digital computers in the very near future, (2) to train computer designers or systems architects, (3) to train people who will have extensive knowledge of computing and the mathematical tools required to develop new ways of using computers, that is, to equip them to recognize and to realize new and important applications, and (4) to train a select few in the more theoretical aspects of computer science and other relevant subjects so that, by their research, they can enhance the understanding of effective procedures and the kinds of mental processes that can be accomplished by them. Much work has been done on the identification and organization of the subject matter appropriate to computer science. The Association for Computing Machinery Curriculum Committee on Computer Science has prepared an excellent first approximation to such a curriculum for undergraduate majors. This report identifies 15 courses that might comprise required and elective subjects for such a program. It also provides brief descriptions of the proposed courses and suggested reference materials.
Representation Learning of Resting State fMRI with Variational Autoencoder

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data exhibits complex but structured patterns. However, the underlying origins are unclear and entangled in rs-fMRI data. Here we establish a variational auto-encoder, as a generative model trainable with unsupervised learning, to disentangle the unknown sources of rs-fMRI activity. After being trained with large data from the Human Connectome Project, the model has learned to represent and generate patterns of cortical activity and connectivity using latent variables. Of the latent representation, its distribution reveals overlapping functional networks, and its geometry is unique to each individual. Our results support the functional opposition between the default mode network and the task-positive network, while such opposition is asymmetric and non-stationary. Correlations between latent variables, rather than cortical connectivity, can be used as a more reliable feature to accurately identify subjects from a large group, even if only a short period of data is available per subject.
Investigation of hot-air assisted continuous radio frequency drying for improving drying efficiency and reducing shell cracks of inshell hazelnuts: The relationship between cracking level and nut quality

Abstract Hot-air assisted continuous radio frequency (HARF) heating was utilized to dry inshell hazelnuts with high initial moisture content (25.5%, MCwb) for achieving higher drying efficiency and lower shell cracks. Effect of electrode gap and hot-air (HA) velocity at 40 °C on drying efficiency, heating uniformity, and shell cracking ratio were investigated. The ideal electrode gap and hot-air (HA) velocity were identified as 14 cm and 2.0 m/s, respectively, to provide shorter drying time (3.5 h) compared to HA drying (22 h), and less (36%) level 3 cracked nuts (cracks with width >0.3 mm and length >10 mm, CR3). The two-step HA-HARF drying using 19% MCwb as an intermediate MCwb resulted in dried nuts with lower CR3 (27%). Shell cracking ratio highly correlated with the size and weight of inshell nuts and kernels, kernel weight percentage, and air-gap volume between shell and kernel. Unexpectedly, shell cracks to level 3 influenced kernel color, but not lipid oxidation. Level 3 cracked nuts dried by the two-step HA-HARF exhibited much less lipid oxidation than that of HA dried non-cracked nuts during accelerated storage at 35 °C, indicating that two-step HA-HARF has great potential for drying hazelnuts with high quality and storability.
Positive Emotions, Instrumental Resources, and Organizational Network Evolution: Theorizing via Simulation Research

Abstract In the workplace, people seek positive emotional experiences as well as instrumental resources while doing their work. Yet we know little about how affective micro-dynamics drive the evolution of organizational networks, influence network trajectories, and determine macro outcomes such as collective affect and overall network structure. Given the lack of theory on affective micro-dynamics and network evolution, we propose a model that includes both affective and instrumental micro-mechanisms and use simulation methods to explore evolutionary dynamics and develop new theory. The core of our model is the empirically observed tendency for people to forego the acquisition of instrumental resources to avoid a decrease in positive emotion when choosing interaction partners. We conduct “experiments” with the simulation, considering the effects of the tradeoff, dispositional affect, resource inequality, and ingroup favoritism. The results show that dispositional affect and the tradeoff have considerable effects on network trajectories, collective affect, and resource transfer. We provide new theoretical propositions about affect in organizations.
Statistical Chest Shape Modeling: Application to the Evaluation of Pectus Excavatum Treatment Outcomes

Monitoring the progress of medical treatment is paramount to its success and the patient’s quality-of-life. An efficient, cost-effective, and accurate assessment of the treatment’s progress that illustrates its tangible impact can motivate patients and guide the procedure. This work discusses such an assessment tool for both surgical and nonsurgical interventions to correct Pectus Excavatum(PE) – a chest wall deformity characterized by depression of the sternum. We previously proposed a novel approach for measuring and evaluating the severity of pectus deformities. Our method uses 3-D optical scans which are analyzed to compute surface deformation via registration-based point comparisons, and a distance map is generated, providing a quantitative representation of chest wall improvements. The work presented in this paper expands on this effort by adding a module to objectively evaluate the aesthetic outcomes. In this study, we developed a statistical 3D chest model based on the Gaussian Process Morphable Model (GPMM) using a limited number of optical surface scans (n=20) of healthy male subjects. The model builds an average chest shape which can be used to evaluate the aesthetic results of PE treatment. We analyzed the impact of different kernel functions in the modeling of the chest variation and report on the models generalization, specificity, and compactness.
The neuroaesthetics of architectural spaces

People in developed countries spend over 90% of their time in built environments. Yet, we know little about its pervasive and often hidden effects on our mental state and our brain. Despite growing interest in the neuroscience of architecture, much of this scholarship has been descriptive. The typical approach is to map knowledge of the brain onto constructs important to architecture. For a programmatic line of research, how might descriptive neuroarchitecture be transformed into an experimental science? We review the literature outlining how one might consider experimental architecture first by examining the role of natural features in architectural settings. We then turn to the human experience of occupants, and hypothesized that aesthetic responses to architectural interiors reduce to key psychological dimensions. Conducting Psychometric Network Analysis (PNA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) on responses to curated images, we identified three components: coherence (ease of organizing and comprehending a scene), fascination (informational richness and generated interest), and hominess (personal ease and comfort). Coherence and fascination are well-established dimensions for natural scenes. Hominess was a new dimension related to architectural interiors. Central to all three communities in the PNA was emotional valence. We also reanalyzed data from an earlier fMRI study in which participants made beauty and approach-avoidance decisions while viewing the same images. Regardless of task, the degree of fascination covaried with neural activity in the right lingual gyrus. In contrast, coherence covaried with neural activity in the left inferior occipital gyrus only when participants judged beauty, and hominess covaried with neural activity in the left cuneus only when they made approach-avoidance decisions. The visual brain harbours hidden sensitivities to architectural interiors that are captured by the dimensions of coherence, fascination, and hominess. These findings represent first steps towards an experimental neuroarchitecture.
Integrated Behavioral Health Increases Well-Child Visits and Immunizations in the First Year.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether integrated behavioral health (IBH) prevention encounters provided during well-child visits (WCVs) is associated with increased adherence to WCVs and timely immunizations in the first year. METHODS Data were collected in an urban pediatric primary care clinic serving a low-income population and using the HealthySteps model. Subjects were 813 children who attended a newborn well-child visit between January 13, 2016 and August 8, 2017. Data from the electronic health record was extracted on attendance at six well-child visits in the first year of life, IBH prevention encounters by the HealthySteps specialist, completion of immunizations at 5 and 14 months, and demographics and social and clinical risk factors. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, odds of attendance at 6, 9, and 12-month WCVs were significantly higher for those who had IBH prevention encounters at previous WCVs. Odds of immunization completion by 5 months was associated with number of IBH prevention encounters in the first 4 months (OR = 1.52, p = .001) but not immunization completion at 14 months (OR = 1.18, p = .059). CONCLUSIONS IBH prevention encounters were associated with increased adherence to WCVs in the first year and vaccine completion at 5 months of age. These findings are consistent with IBH having a broad positive effect on child health and health care through strong relational connections with families and providing value in addressing emotional and behavioral concerns in the context of WCVs.
SCHILLER, THE GREATEST OF THE MEDICAL POETS

Excerpt Johan Christoph Friedrich Schiller, the poet and friend of Goethe, was born November 10, 1759. November 10 was the birthday of another medical poet, Oliver Goldsmith, born 31 years before i...
Thermal Conductivities of Common Commercial Aluminum Alloys

Aluminum is increasing in the number and kinds of uses for cryogenic equipment. Because of this increase, an experimental study of the low temperature thermal conductivities and electrical resistivities of some of the common aluminum alloys was conducted. To further facilitate cryogenic design, a table of compositions, grain sizes, hardnesses, and uses is also presented.
The Case for Positive Safety Education

(1973). The Case for Positive Safety Education. School Health Review: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 35-36.
Protozoan Pathogens of Domestic and Companion Animals

Protozoa parasitize every species of animal that has been examined for them. Many are of economic importance in domestic animals and many species of wildlife have protozoan parasites that affect their health and serve to modulate populations. Companion animals such as dogs and cats also have parasitic protozoa that have detrimental effects on their health. Keywords: protozoa; protist; parasite; amoeba; flagellate; apicomplexan; ciliate; trichomonad; coccidium
Towards a Universal dictionary for multi-language information retrieval applications

Multilingual information retrieval tasks such as Topic Tracking have yielded high-quality results simply using word-by-word translation approaches. However, the construction of translation dictionaries for new languages is expensive and time-consuming. We show that an appropriate metric for term selection in a monolingual English corpus allows us to define a fairly small list, containing about ten thousand inflected forms or about 7500 lemmas, which works essentially as well (for a particular monolingual document classification evaluation) as an unlimited vocabulary of more than 300,000 word forms does. We suggest that such a list can be taken to form the English axis of a sort of "universal dictionary" for document classification tasks, providing a much more efficient path to the addition of new languages.
Off-farm Work and Farm Production Decisions: Evidence from Maize-Producing Households in Rural Kenya *

This paper explores the extent to which off-farm work affects farm production decisions through reinvestment in farm input use and intensification. We estimate farm input demand functions for fertilizer and impoved seed for maize producing households in Kenya. The results indicate differences in off-farm work effects across different inputs and off-farm activity types. While the results suggests possible use of off-farm earnings for input purchase especially for those without other forms of credit, the ‘fertilizer/seed package’ may represent a substantially greater commitment of money and orientation, to which those households with higher off-farm earnings may be unwilling to invest. Thus engagement in off-farm work may allow some partial intensification but may compete with farming at higher levels. We find that the presence of a regular source of earnings in form of a salaried wage or pension seems to be the driving force behind any reinvestment behavior.
Wide‐bandwidth dielectric resonator antenna with omni‐directional radiation patterns for beam focusing properties in a circular array

Investigation results are presented for a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a central airgap, which is excited using a coaxial probe connected to a wire monopole. By selecting the proper values of airgap and monopole heights, a desired impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) from 40% to 67% can be achieved. The proposed DRA provides monopole like omni-directional radiation patterns with low crosspolarization levels throughout the bandwidth. Prototype DRA was fabricated with equal heights of the airgap and monopole and experimentally verified for both the impedance matching and radiation performance. Simulated and measured bandwidths of 67% and 64%, respectively, were obtained with acceptable peak realized gain. The simulated and measured radiation patterns agree well. Furthermore, this DRA is investigated for beam focusing properties when implemented in a circular array consisting of four-elements on a circular finite ground plane. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:92–101, 2014.
Guanidinoethane Sulfonate and the Disposition of Dietary Taurine in the Rat

Guanidinoethane sulfonate, a transport antagonist of taurine in brain synaptosomes and isolated perfused hearts, causes profound and rapid depletion of tissue taurine levels when given to rats as a 1% solution. In tissues outside of the central nervous system, guanidinoethane sulfonate on average decreased by half the absolute amount of taurine obtained from the diet. However, the percent of taurine derived from the diet increased from an average of 36% to an average of 58%. In the brain, guanidinoethane sulfonate had little effect on the absolute amount of taurine obtained from the diet, but increased the percent contribution of diet from an average of 60% to an average of 80%. Guanidinoethane sulfonate had no effect on the tissue:serum ratio of radioactivity in brain, thymus, muscle or pancrease 24 hours after an injection of [3H]taurine. However, other tissues showed significant decreases in tissue:serum ratio, ranging from 67% of control in the small intestine to 36% of control in the liver. In its taurine-depleting action, therefore, guanidinoethane sulfonate discriminates between taurine derived from diet and taurine derived from biosynthesis. I conclude that the taurine-depleting action of guanidinoethane sulfonate is complex in mechanism, being a combination of inhibition of transport and interference with synthesis.
Numerical Solution of the Fokker-Planck Equation for First Passage Probabilities

An alternate method of accurately computing first passage probabilities for discrete linear and nonlinear systems of two dimensions subjected to additive white noise excitation is presented. The transient Fokker-Planck equation is solved on the safe domain defined by D barriers using the finite element method. Open boundary conditions are prescribed, and their physical basis is reviewed. A linear system and a Van der Pol system are examined. In both cases, no discernible difference was detected between solutions of the forward equation for distribution of first passage time and well-established first passage solutions of the backward Kolmogorov equation.
Free and Protein-Bound Amino Acids in Sow's Colostrum and Milk

The changes in the concentrations of free and protein-bound amino acids in sow's colostrum and milk were quantified in this study. In sow's colostrum, taurine and histidine were the most abundant free amino acids (1 mmol/L of defatted milk). The concentrations of free histidine decreased, whereas those of other free amino acids increased, as lactation progressed. Milk free glutamine concentrations increased to the greatest extent among all free amino acids during the 29-d lactation period, and became the most abundant free amino acid in the milk (1.9 and 3.4 mmol/L of defatted milk) on d 22 and 29 of lactation. Sow's mature milk was rich in free taurine, glycine and glutamate (1-1.4 mmol/L of defatted milk). In contrast to free amino acids, the concentrations of milk protein and protein-bound amino acids decreased during the first 8 d of lactation and then leveled off. In colostrum and milk, glutamine plus glutamate were the most abundant protein-bound amino acids, whereas histidine and cystine were the least abundant. Leucine was the second and fourth most abundant protein-bound amino acid in colostrum and milk, respectively, with proline and lysine being the second most abundant ones on d 8 to 29 of lactation. Both colostrum and milk contained large amounts of urea (4.8-7.7 mmol/L of defatted milk) and ammonia (1.1-2 mmol/L of defatted milk), with ammonia concentration decreasing with advancing lactation stages in a pattern similar to that of milk protein. Thus, this study demonstrates the abundance of free glutamine, taurine, glycine and histidine in sow's milk relative to other free amino acids, as well as the changes in free and protein-bound amino acids in sow's milk during the 29-d lactation period. In light of the present findings, the nutritional importance of amino acids in milk for the growth and development of suckling piglets merits further studies.
Noninvasive markers for acute heart transplant rejection in children with the use of automatic border detection

A noninvasive method to detect heart transplant rejection would allow for increased monitoring at reduced risk. Automatic border detection is a new method to assess diastolic abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether automatic border detection of left ventricular filling detects rejection in children. Nineteen episodes of biopsy-proven rejection in 10 children were retrospectively reviewed. Echocardiograms during rejection were compared with those before rejection and during recovery. Automatic border detection indices were percentage of total left ventricular filling as a result of rapid filling, diastasis, and atrial contraction. The percentage of total ventricular filling during diastasis increased significantly during rejection (10%±6% versus 15%±8%, p =0.02), and the percentage of filling during the rapid filling phase decreased during rejection (82%±8% versus 77%±11%, p =0.08). These changes were even more marked for the most severe episodes of rejection. These changes resolved at recovery. Automatic border detection of left ventricular filling patterns are altered during cardiac rejection in children. Filling during diastasis increases significantly, and filling during the rapid filling phase decreases. A prospective analysis is needed to determine whether these changes in filling can obviate the need for cardiac biopsy.
Diphenylhydantoin effects on avoidance conditioning as a function of age and problem difficulty

Diphenylhydantoin, a common antiepileptic drug, facilitated acquisition and retention by rats treated prior to acquisition trials on discriminated and delayed avoidance tasks. Drug enhancement of performance was more prominent among aged than young rats, especially on the delayed task.
Use of Reinforcement Technique with a First Grade Boy

A reinforcement technique in counseling was used to modify a first grader's attending behavior. Pre- and post-counseling measurements were made and cumulative records were kept of attending time in counseling sessions and in arithmetic lessons, and a record was kept of completion vs. noncompletion of arithmetic assignments. The assessments made in regard to the arithmetic lessons enabled an investigation of transfer effects from counseling to the academic area. An investigation of transfer effects was also informally made relative to other school situations. Results showed increased attending behavior in counseling and in the classroom, and a marked improvement in completion of assignments, and were interpreted as supporting the use of a behavioral approach in elementary school counseling.