cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Titanium in Automotive Production

Although titanium has meanwhile made its way into serial production of automotive parts, its use has been widely limited to niche applications and was not driven by weighing the technical and economic aspects. Cost of semi-finished titanium products is still limiting; indeed, new and cheaper processes for production of Ti itself are urgently needed. However, if one extrapolates the current status of Ti technology based on the historic development of the knowledge bases on other automotive metals (steel, Al, and Mg), the future of titanium use in cars looks quite bright.
Varied Developmental Trajectories: Lessons for Educators

— Methodological ingenuity and deep knowledge of expected development are combined by Immordino-Yang to produce an enlightening analysis of 2 hemispherectomized youths. Specific lessons to be drawn from her article include the following: the limitations of anatomy in predicting function; the need for educators to understand fully the multifunctionality, plasticity, and experience-driven development of cortical structures; the importance of a wide-ranging and multilayered approach to assessment when it is being used for diagnostic purposes; and, finally, the difficulty (and importance) of distinguishing task accomplishment from procedures undertaken while performing the task. Carefully documented stories like those told by Immordino-Yang in this important article serve as a salutary reminder to educators that there are multiple pathways to the achievement of many developmental goals and that the educator’s role is to support the student’s optimal trajectory rather than imposing a normative trajectory.
Modeling of tropical cyclone winds and waves for emergency management

This paper compares three commonly used parametric models of tropical cyclone winds and evaluates their application in the wave model WAM. The parametric models provide surface wind fields based on best tracks of tropical cyclones and WAM simulates wave growth based on the wind energy input. The model package is applied to hindcast the wind and wave conditions of Hurricane Iniki, which directly hit the Hawaiian Island of Kauai in 1992. The parametric wind fields are evaluated against buoy and aircraft measurements made during the storm. A sensitivity analysis determines the spatial and spectral resolution needed to model the wave field of Hurricane Iniki. Comparisons of the modeled waves with buoy measurements indicate good agreement within the core of the storm and demonstrate the capability of the model package as a forecasting tool for emergency management.
Mechanisms of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Defective Graphene-Supported Pt Nanoparticles from First-Principles

The mechanisms of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on defective graphene-supported Pt13 nanoparticles have been investigated to understand the effect of defective graphene support on the ORR and predict details of ORR pathways. We employed density functional theory (DFT) predictions using the projector-augmented wave (PAW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Free energy diagrams for the ORR over supported and unsupported Pt13 nanoparticles were constructed to provide the stability of possible intermediates in the electrochemical reaction pathways. We demonstrate that the defective graphene support may provide a balance in the binding of ORR intermediates on Pt13 nanoparticles by tuning the relatively high reactivity of free Pt13 nanoparticles that bind the ORR intermediates too strongly subsequently leading to slow kinetics. The defective graphene support lowers not only the activation energy for O2 dissociation from 0.37 to 0.16 eV, but also the energy barrier of the rate-limit...
Ocular effects of a relatively selective α2 agonist (UK-14, 304-18) in cats, rabbits and monkeys

UK-14, 304-18 (UK), a relatively selective alpha 2-agonist, was examined for its effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in rabbits, cats and monkeys and on noradrenergic function in the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) preparation. Topical, unilateral administration of UK (0.0005-0.5 mg) produced dose-dependent decreases in IOP and pupil size in normal, unanesthetized rabbits, cats and monkeys. The ocular hypotensive effect of UK in the ipsilateral eye was delayed relative to the contralateral eye in all three species; UK produced an initial transient ocular hypertension in rabbits which was abolished by surgical transection of three major extraocular muscles. Mean arterial blood pressure in rabbits was not affected by 0.005 mg UK topically. The ocular hypotensive and miotic effects of UK were attenuated in superior cervical ganglionectomized (SX) cats and rabbits. Intra-arterially administered UK (0.33, 1.0, 3.3 and 10 micrograms) produced dose-related systemic hypotension and inhibition of contractions of the CNM elicited by electrically stimulating the pre- and postganglionic sympathetic trunks in the urethane/chloralose anesthetized cat. This inhibition was reversed and prevented by 300 micrograms rauwolscine but not by 300 micrograms domperidone. UK also enhanced the contractile response of the CNM to injected norepinephrine (10 micrograms). UK suppressed ocular hypertension induced by water loading and IOP recovery rate following hypertonic saline infusion in rabbits suggesting that aqueous flow was inhibited. These results indicate that UK lowers IOP, in part, by suppressing sympathetic neuronal function which causes a reduction in aqueous flow.
Exogenous Tryptophan Increases Synthesis, Storage, and Intraneuronal Metabolism of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the Rat Hypothalamus

The effects of tryptophan administration on neurochemical estimates of synthesis [5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) accumulation following administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor], storage [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations], and metabolism [5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations] of 5-HT in selected regions of the hypothalamus were determined using HPLC coupled to an electrochemical detector. Tryptophan methyl ester HCl (30–300 mg/kg i.p.) produced a dose-dependent increase in the rate of 5-HTP accumulation throughout the hypothalamus but had no effect on the rate of accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphen-ylalanine. Peak 5-HTP levels were attained by 30 min following administration of tryptophan (100 mg/kg i.p.) and were maintained for an additional 60 min. Tryptophan also produced concomitant dose-dependent increases in 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations in these same regions without changes in the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio. These results indicate that exogenous tryptophan administration selectively increases the synthesis, storage, and metabolism of 5-HT in the hypothalamus without altering the synthesis of catecholamines. Inhibition of 5-HT uptake with chlorimipramine or fluoxetine produced modest (10–40%) reductions in 5-HIAA concentrations throughout the hypothalamus, revealing that only a minor portion of 5-HIAA is derived from released and recaptured 5-HT, whereas the major portion of this metabolite reflects intraneuronal metabolism of unreleased 5-HT. In both chlorimipramine- and fluoxetine-treated rats, 5-HIAA concentrations were significantly increased by tryptophan administration, indicating that the increase in synthesis of 5-HT following precursor loading is accompanied by an increase in the intraneuronal metabolism of 5-HT.
The effect of helium ion implantation on the relaxation of strained InGaAs thin films

Abstract Previous work on pseudomorphic SiGe on Si has shown that a significant reduction in the threading dislocation density can be achieved through appropriate ion beam processing. Helium ion implantation was used in an analogous study to induce strain relaxation within strained pseudomorphic InGaAs layers on GaAs through the intentional introduction of subsurface damage without the introduction of surface nucleated dislocations and their associated threading segments. Wafers of fully-strained 28 nm thick films of In 0.24 Ga 0.76 As were separately implanted with helium doses of 5 × 10 14 , 2 × 10 15 , and 1 × 10 16 cm −2 at 25 keV. These wafers became substrates for additional InGaAs film growth. The final InGaAs films always exhibited lower residual strain as compared to films grown directly on a control substrate of non-implanted GaAs. The broadening of the X-ray peaks indicates an increase in dislocation density within the InGaAs films and the strain relaxation was found to occur with a significant increase in surface roughness. This result stands in contrast to related work on SiGe films on Si where a reduction of the threading dislocation density within a SiGe film was observed. The reaction of the InGaAs/GaAs structure and materials to ion irradiation, with local disturbance to the stoichiometry, could preclude the use of ion beam techniques for realizing a reduction in threading dislocation density during strain relaxation.
Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and Spectroscopy on a Modified SERS Substrate

In this paper, we developed a metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrate by modification of the commercially available surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate that may meet the reproducibility and sensitivity challenge of MEF. In spite of many studies and interest on MEF from a number of research groups, application to real-world situations and its commercial use remain challenging mainly due to the difficulties in fabricating reproducible MEF substrates. Specifically, one of the challenges is achieving a standardized MEF substrate for reproducible fluorescence intensity enhancement and/or changes in lifetime. The gold standard klarite substrates for SERS were coated with a thin layer of silver nanoparticles for MEF studies. To test the newly developed MEF substrates, a monolayer of streptavidin conjugated Alexa-647 was assembled on biotinylated-glass or MEF substrates. We observed over 50-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity from a monolayer of streptavidin conjugated Alexa-647 on the biotinylated MEF substrate compared to the same on glass substrate. A significant reduction in the lifetime and increased photostability of Alexa-647 on MEF substrate was observed. Fluorescence lifetime imaging was performed on the monolayer of dye assembled on the modified SERS substrates. We expect this study will serve as a platform to encourage the future use of a standardized MEF substrate for a plethora of sensing applications.
The Community Structure of Sessile Heterotrophic Bacteria Stressed by Acid Mine Drainage

Microbial communities that developed on glass slides suspended in acid-polluted (pH=2.9) and nonpolluted (pH=6.5) but otherwise similar waters showed evidence of stress when suspended at the opposite station. Glucose incorporation was inhibited in both translocated communities, but the inhibition was not as severe and recovery of activity was faster for the acid-developed community as compared to the circumneutral community. The communities contained a substantially different set of members with little overlap. The range of pH values at which the members of the acid-developed community could function suggested that the members of that community were generalists, as opposed to narrowly constrained members of the community from the circumneutral station. Based on the proportion of test characters that received positive responses, the organisms from the acidic site were more general in their abilities (47.6% positive) as compared with the neutral counterparts (18.7% positive). The results support the concept that communities developed in extreme environments tend to be generalists, whereas those from mesic environments, due to the higher levels of competition present, tend to be specialists. Furthermore, the study of microbial communities in dynamic systems such as streams and reservoir inflows is facilitated by the use of solid surfaces which allow an assemblage of nontransient microbes to develop.
An application of the learning curve and the nonconstant-growth dividend model: IT investment valuations at Intel® corporation

Technology benefits last years longer than the standard ROI valuation analysis but are rarely enumerated. In this paper, we utilize a nonconstant dividend growth model to ''capture'' lasting marginal productivity gained through the ''reinvestment'' of labor capital rather than the standard the one-time gain of reducing the labor force to realize labor productivity gains. This innovative methodology for capturing the productivity value of maintained employees enables the valuation of continuing marginal productivity gains and the management of workload for the affected employees at Intel. This methodology is applied to the valuation of a standard operating system and hardware upgrade.
An Integrated IGCC-CSS Design Course for Graduate Students in Petroleum Engineering

A new graduate course on CO2 Capture and Uses was offered for the first time at Texas A&M, Pet. Eng., in Fall 2008. A multidisciplinary team of instructors from the Pet. Eng. & Chem. Eng. departments was assembled to ensure the appropriate expertise.The objective of the course is to let the students understand the need for / potential of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) & Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR).
Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test and Reading Achievement.

With mental ages partialled out, the correlation of −0.25 between perceptual error scores of 102 remedial readers on the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test and Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests was not significant. Intra-group analysis of scores on reproductions showed that those in the organic classification made significantly more errors on the horizontal arrow figure. Inter-group analysis indicated significant differences among primary, secondary, and organic classifications with the organic producing the most errors on the horizontal arrow figure. Inter-group analysis of brain-damage indicators yielded no significant differences; inter-group analysis showed that those assigned the organic classifications made significantly more errors in distortion of dots.
Surface-based laminar analysis of diffusion abnormalities in cortical and white matter layers in neocortical epilepsy.

Purpose Microstructural alterations seen in the epileptic cortex have been implicated as a cause and also result of multiple seizure activity. In the present study, we evaluated water diffusion changes at different cortical thickness fractions and in the underlying white matter of the epileptic cortex and compared them with electrographically normal cortex and also with corresponding cortical regions of healthy controls.
Plasmodium berghei: glycolytic enzymes of the infected mouse erythrocyte.

Abstract This paper documents the maximal activities of the glycolytic enzymes in the red blood cells of normal mice and mice infected with Plasmodium berghei . There appears to be sufficient parasite-related activity of each glycolytic enzyme to support the increased glycolytic rate, i.e., increased glucose consumption, of the parasite-infected red blood cell. The relative proportions of glycolytic enzyme activities in parasite-infected red cells are different from the proportions in either normal or reticulocyte-rich blood, indicating that the increased enzyme activities associated with infected cells are not due to contaminating host red cells or reticulocytes. A comparison of maximal enzyme activities to the rate of whole cell glucose consumption indicates that different glycolytic control mechanisms are operating in the infected RBC from those in the uninfected cells.
Engineering analysis of microdefect formation during silicon crystal growth

Abstract The quality of single crystalline silicon wafers used as substrates for microelectronic devices is measured in terms of the type, size and number density of microdefects formed during crystal growth and subsequent processing. Native point defects—vacancies and self-interstitials—and impurities, such as oxygen and carbon, in the silicon crystal convect, diffuse, react and aggregate, driven by species super-saturation, to form defect structures at densities that are microscopically visible. We model defect dynamics using diffusion–reaction theory in which defect types are represented as chemical species and have concentrations that are governed by conservation laws, chemical thermodynamics and kinetics, using self-consistent values of equilibrium, transport and kinetic parameters for point defects and impurities. We refer to this approach as crystal defect dynamics analysis . The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that this approach leads to a wide range of predictions that are consistent with experiments. The results presented here focus on the two-dimensional predictions of microdefect structures under growth conditions where both voids (cluster of vacancies) and self-interstitial aggregates are seen in regions of the crystal separated by the oxidation-induced stacking fault ring (OSF-ring). The location and structure of the OSF-ring is predicted in terms of point defect dynamics near the melt/crystal interface, which results in an annular region with almost balanced point defect concentrations (centered at r ≡ R Δ =0 ), and in terms of a peak (centered at r ≡ R C V,max ) in the residual vacancy concentration after cluster formation. This residual vacancy concentration facilitates oxide precipitation during crystal growth, which seeds stacking fault formation during subsequent oxidation. Calculations show that R C V,max ⩽ R Δ =0 with both values scaling with V / G ( R ), where V is the crystal pull rate and G ( R ) is the axial temperature gradient at r = R along the melt/crystal interface. An annulus just outside the OSF-ring (centered at r ≡ R free , R C V,max ⩽ R free ⩽ R Δ =0 ) is identified where almost no microdefects are present, thereby identifying the temperature field that leads to almost perfect silicon.
McDowell and Dreyfus on Unreflective Action

Within philosophy there is not yet an integrative account of unreflective skillful action. As a starting point, contributions would be required from philosophers from both the analytic and continental traditions. Starting from the McDowell-Dreyfus debate, shared Aristotelian-Wittgensteinian common ground is identified. McDowell and Dreyfus agree about the importance of embodied skills, situation-specific discernment and responsiveness to relevant affordances. This sheds light on the embodied and situated nature of adequate unreflective action and provides a starting point for the development of an account that does justice to insights from both philosophical traditions.
The origin of aneuploidy in Hymenoxys odorata.

AN unusual, apparently descending chromosome number series of n=15, 14, 12 and 11 occurs within the weedy annual plant species Hymenoxys odorata DC. of the Composite family. Populations containing these successive aneuploid numbers are found in an orderly geographic sequence, beginning in north central Mexico and proceeding northward into the southwestern United States.
Preschool to Kindergarten Transition Activities: Involvement and Satisfaction of Families and Teachers.

Abstract This paper describes a preschool to kindergarten transition project in which families and teachers participated as part of the National Center for Early Learning and Development's Kindergarten Transition Project. Over 80 high-risk children and families were followed from preschool through kindergarten. Family workers employed by the school system facilitated transition activities such as parent orientations, newsletters, and interactions with kindergarten teachers. Families and teachers were interviewed, and they completed questionnaires about their participation in and satisfaction with these activities. Results indicated that, when offered the opportunity, the vast majority of families participated in transition activities. Work schedules were the greatest barrier to families' participation. With respect to teachers, the majority of preschool teachers visited kindergarten classrooms with their preschool children. Although kindergarten teachers were involved in these visits, fewer kindergarten t...
Kalocora, a junior synonym of Cora (Odonata: Polythoridae)

Supplementary specimens of the monotypic genus Kalocora show that diagnostic characters employed by Kennedy, based on the original description of Cora aurea are too variable, and therefore Kalocora...
A framework for entity resolution with efficient blocking

In applications of Web data integration, we frequently need to identify whether data objects in different data sources represent the same entity in the real world. This problem is known as entity resolution. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for entity resolution for relational data sets, called BARM, consisting of the Blocker, Attribute matchers and the Record Matcher. BARM is convenient for different blocking and matching algorithms to fit into it. For the blocker, we apply the SPectrAl Neighborhood (SPAN), a state-of-the-art blocking algorithm, to our data sets and show that SPAN is effective and efficient. For attribute matchers, we propose the Context Sensitive Value Matching Library (CSVML) for matching attribute values and also an approach to evaluate the goodness of matching functions. CSVML takes the meaning and context of attribute values into consideration and therefore has good performance, as shown in experimental results. We adopt Bayesian network as the record matcher in the framework and propose a method of inference from Bayesian network based on Markov blanket of the network. As a comparison, we also apply three other classifiers, including Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines, and the Naive Bayes classifier to our data sets. Experiments show that Bayesian network is advantageous in the book domain.
Potential for biological control of native competing vegetation using native herbivores.

Summary 1 The use of native natural enemies to combat native pests has received proportionately less consideration than other viable approaches to biological control. Successful attempts at augmentation, conservation, preservation, and enhancement of the effectiveness of natural enemies have been limited. 2 However, this approach to biological control should be re-examined, placing emphasis on intentional manipulation of population dynamics to encourage the natural tendencies of populations to grow in the absence (or during the delay in resurgence) of certain regulating forces. 3 We discuss theoretical and empirical evidence that suggests native herbivorous insects have the potential to be manipulated successfully as biological control agents for native competing vegetation.
An algorithm for automatic target recognition using passive radar and an ekf for estimating aircraft orientation

Rather than emitting pulses, passive radar systems rely on "illuminators of opportunity," such as TV and FM radio, to illuminate potential targets. These systems are attractive since they allow receivers to operate without emitting energy, rendering them covert. Until recently, most of the research regarding passive radar has focused on detecting and tracking targets. This dissertation focuses on extending the capabilities of passive radar systems to include automatic target recognition. The target recognition algorithm described in this dissertation uses the radar cross section (RCS) of potential targets, collected over a short period of time, as the key information for target recognition. To make the simulated RCS as accurate as possible, the received signal model accounts for aircraft position and orientation, propagation losses, and antenna gain patterns. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) estimates the target's orientation (and uncertainty in the estimate) from velocity measurements obtained from the passive radar tracker. Coupling the aircraft orientation and state with the known antenna locations permits computation of the incident and observed azimuth and elevation angles. The Fast Illinois Solver Code (FISC) simulates the RCS of potential target classes as a function of these angles. Thus, the approximated incident and observed angles allow the appropriate RCS to be extracted from a database of FISC results. Using this process, the RCS of each aircraft in the target class is simulated as though each is executing the same maneuver as the target detected by the system. Two additional scaling processes are required to transform the RCS into a power profile (magnitude only) simulating the signal in the receiver. First, the RCS is scaled by the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) code to account for propagation losses that occur as functions of altitude and range. Then, the Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC2) computes the antenna gain pattern, further scaling the RCS. A Rician likelihood model compares the scaled RCS of the illuminated aircraft with those of the potential targets. To improve the robustness of the result, the algorithm jointly optimizes over feasible orientation profiles and target types via dynamic programming.
A Puncture Testing Method for Monitoring Solid Substrate Fermentation

Meitauza, an indigenous Chinese food made from fermented okara (soymilk residue), was used as a model system for monitoring solid substrate fermentations. The Instron Universal Testing machine and Chatillon hand operated force gauge were used to measure the force to penetrate meitauza as an estimation of mycelial binding. Increased firmness during fermentation was caused by fungal growth and not by water loss and surface crusting. Puncture force readings with the Instron were werll correlated (r = 0.86) with Chatillon measurements. The results of this study indicate that textural measurements using puncture force may have valuable application in monitoring the degree of mycelial growth or fermentation in a solid substrate.
Multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection associated with hormonal infertility therapy in a 39-year-old female

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare and potentially lethal cause of chest pain and myocardial infarction in healthy young individuals. It more commonly affects females and has been correlated with hormonally-induced connective tissue changes in pregnancy and oral contraceptive use. We present the case of a previously healthy 39-year-old woman with multivessel SCAD associated with recent clomiphene and gonadotropin therapy for infertility, which is not a previously reported association, and we assert that this should be in the differential diagnosis of such patients with chest pain or myocardial infarction.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Replacement Unexpected Serious Events

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes are replaced due to clogging, breaking, and dislodgement. There are potential complications associated with these procedures, including intraperitoneal placement of the tube and peritonitis, which can occur even in the presence of a well established stoma site. Herein we present a case series of 3 patients with mature gastrocutaneous tracks, who developed peritonitis following tube replacement. In the absence of a consensus or international guidelines regarding the management of patients requiring percoutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube replacement, emphasis should be given on prevention of severe adverse events and on early anticipation of their occurrence. Clinical experience indicates that recognition of high-risk procedures, selection of the appropriate replacement method and confirmation of correct tube placement can improve patients’ safety and reduce the complications rate.
Full-Contact Type Linear Image Sensor by Amorphous Silicon

A new type of the contact linear image sensor array using amorphous silicon photodiodes has been developed. The new device, namely “Full Contact” type, linear image sensor, has a pinhole of 60 µ m in diameter at the center of the amorphous silicon photodiode pixel. With this structure, the focusing lens can be removed and the optical path can be reduced by about one half as compared with an ordinary facsimile scanner. Eventually the device becomes quite compact in volume and production process are rather simple, result in low cost. LED driven 1728 pixels for A4 size and 2048 pixels for B4 size devices with the resolution of 8 dots/mm have been developed so far. A series of technical data for the development of devices and their operational performance are presented and discussed.
An architecture for secure wide-area service discovery

The widespread deployment of inexpensive communications technology, computational resources in the networking infrastructure, and network-enabled end devices poses an interesting problem for end users: how to locate a particular network service or device out of hundreds of thousands of accessible services and devices. This paper presents the architecture and implementation of a secure wide-area Service Discovery Service (SDS). Service providers use the SDS to advertise descriptions of available or already running services, while clients use the SDS to compose complex queries for locating these services. Service descriptions and queries use the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) to encode such factors as cost, performance, location, and device- or service-specific capabilities. The SDS provides a fault-tolerant, incrementally scalable service for locating services in the wide-area. Security is a core component of the SDS: communications are both encrypted and authenticated where necessary, and the system uses a hybrid access control list and capability system to control access to service information. Wide-area query routing is also a core component of the SDS: all information in the system is potentially reachable by all clients.
Analyzing Cellular Biochemistry in Terms of Molecular Networks

One way to understand cells and circumscribe the function of proteins is through molecular networks. These networks take a variety of forms including webs of protein-protein interactions, regulatory circuits linking transcription factors and targets, and complex pathways of metabolic reactions. We first survey experimental techniques for mapping networks (e.g., the yeast two-hybrid screens). We then turn our attention to computational approaches for predicting networks from individual protein features, such as correlating gene expression levels or analyzing sequence coevolution. All the experimental techniques and individual predictions suffer from noise and systematic biases. These problems can be overcome to some degree through statistical integration of different experimental datasets and predictive features (e.g., within a Bayesian formalism). Next, we discuss approaches for characterizing the topology of networks, such as finding hubs and analyzing subnetworks in terms of common motifs. Finally, we close with perspectives on how network analysis represents a preliminary step toward a systems approach for modeling cells.
Patient selection for hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer

The most common site of hematogenous metastasis from colorectal cancer is the liver. Approximately one half of patients with colorectal cancer develop liver metastasis during the course of their disease (1). Hepatic resection for liver metastasis remains the only potentially curative therapy, with 5 year survival rates of approximately 50% (2) and an actual 10-year cure rate approaching 20% (3). Additionally, effective systemic and regional chemotherapy combined with resection can result in long-term survival without cure (4). Therefore, the goals and indications for hepatic resection include both the possibility of cure and prolongation of life. This report focuses on factors which we feel are important for properly selecting patients to undergo surgical therapy. The initial patient consultation focuses on 3 areas: I. the patient’s ability to tolerate the operation, II. determining technical resectability and III. predicting whether removal of liver disease will improve long-term survival.
Oral chelators deferasirox and deferiprone for transfusional iron overload in thalassemia major: new data, new questions

For nearly 30 years, patients with transfusional iron overload have depended on nightly deferoxamine infusions for iron chelation. Despite dramatic gains in life expectancy in the deferoxamine era for patients with transfusion-dependent anemias, the leading cause of death for young adults with thalassemia major and related disorders has been cardiac disease from myocardial iron deposition. Strategies to reduce cardiac disease by improving chelation regimens have been of the highest priority. These strategies have included development of novel oral iron chelators to improve compliance, improved assessment of cardiac iron status, and careful epidemiologic assessment of European outcomes with deferiprone, an oral alternative chelator available for about a decade. Each of these strategies is now bearing fruit. The novel oral chelator deferasirox was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); a randomized clinical trial demonstrates that deferasirox at 20 to 30 mg/kg/d can maintain or improve hepatic iron in thalassemia as well as deferoxamine. A randomized trial based on cardiac T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggests that deferiprone can unload myocardial iron faster than deferoxamine. Retrospective epidemiologic data suggest dramatic reductions in cardiac events and mortality in Italian subjects exposed to deferiprone compared with deferoxamine. These developments herald a new era for iron chelation, but many unanswered questions remain.
Rotational Stiffness of Exposed Column Base Connections: Experiments and Analytical Models

AbstractThe rotational flexibility of column base connections is often ignored in structural simulation of moment frames in which the bases are assumed to be either fixed or pinned. Although structural response is sensitive to base flexibility, methods to properly characterize base flexibility are not readily available. Motivated by these issues, a new approach to characterize the rotational flexibility of exposed column base connections is presented in this paper. The method leverages existing design procedures for base connection design, such that the rotational stiffness may be calculated with modest effort once the design has been completed. The method is validated through comparison with nine experiments, which interrogate a range of parameters including base-plate size and thickness, level of axial load, anchor-rod strength, and concrete strength. The comparison between the test and the predicted values indicates that, on average, the method predicts the stiffness with accuracy, such that the averag...
Differential Relationships Between Intergroup Contact and Affective and Cognitive Dimensions of Prejudice

Research on affective dimensions of intergroup relationships suggests that positive effects of intergroup contact can generalize through establishing affective ties with outgroup members. However, research on cognitive dimensions emphasizes that it is often difficult to generalize positive contact outcomes. In this research, the authors examine whether affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice bear different relationships to intergroup contact. Using data from a larger meta-analysis of contact effects, Study 1 demonstrates that affective indicators of prejudice typically yield stronger, inverse contact-prejudice relationships than such cognitive indicators as stereotypes. Study 2 replicates these trends in a survey study using multiple indicators of affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice. Study 2 also shows significant, inverse relationships between contact and affective prejudice when contact is assessed either as number of outgroup friends or intergroup closeness. Together, these results ...
On the measurement of stagnancy in continuous-flow systems

A quantitative measure of stagnancy in a flow system is developed. It is based on a comparison of the mean residence time determined from extrapolated tracer washout experiments to the a priori value of the mean residence time that is calculated from the mass inventory and throughput. A distinction is made between absolute and relative stagnancy. Relatively stagnant material has such long residence times that its presence cannot be detected even by extrapolation of a washout experiment truncated at a particular time but would be detectable given a more prolonged experiment. Suitable extrapolation methods are based on asymptotic forms for the washout function. The primary method is appropriate to systems that are turbulent, that have substantial internal recycle, or that have significant mass transfer by diffusion. A secondary method is applicable to systems in laminar flow with negligible diffusion.
How emotion affects older adults’ memories for event details

As adults age, they tend to have problems remembering the details of events and the contexts in which events occurred. This review presents evidence that emotion can enhance older adults' abilities to remember episodic detail. Older adults are more likely to remember affective details of an event (e.g., whether something was good or bad, or how an event made them feel) than they are to remember non-affective details, and they remember more details of emotional events than of non-emotional ones. Moreover, in some instances, emotion appears to narrow the age gap in memory performance. It may be that memory for affective context, or for emotional events, relies on cognitive and neural processes that are relatively preserved in older adults.
57.4: The Effect of the Roughness of the Glass Substrate on the Roughness of the Barrier Layer Used During Fabrication of Poly-Si TFTs

During the fabrication of top gate poly-Si TFT array for active matrix LCD applications, the glass substrate is coated with the barrier layer to prevent the diffusion of impurities from the glass to the TFT. In the present study, we have focused on the effect of the roughness of the glass substrate (fusion formed and polished) on the roughness of the barrier layer deposited on the glass substrate. The fusion formed substrates (1737 and EAGLE2000™, Corning) and the polished substrate from a competitor were coated with a barrier layer and the roughness of the barrier layer was measured by AFM. The roughness of the barrier layer deposited on the fusion formed substrates is much lower than that formed on the polished substrate. Thus roughness of the glass substrate strongly influences the roughness of the barrier layer deposited on the substrate.
Studies on a Possible Interaction Between Riboflavin and Vitamin B12 as it Affects Hatchability of the Hen’s Egg

Abstract Experiments were conducted using Single Comb White Leghorn chickens to investigate a possible interaction between the requirements for riboflavin and vitamin B12 for hatchability and to determine how important such an interaction might be in altering the requirements for one or both of these vitamins. The vitamin B12 requirement for optimum hatchability was found to be 3.45–3.60 μg./kg. of diet, and the requirement for dietary riboflavin, approximately 2.75 mg./kg. of diet. Dietary riboflavin at deficient or practical levels of feeding was found not to affect the vitamin B12 concentration in egg yolk, or the vitamin B12 requirement for optimum hatchability. Although a slight sparing effect of vitamin B12 upon the riboflavin requirement was suggested by the present studies, the effect was not statistically significant (p
Partial Digestibility of Cooked Amylomaize Starch in Humans and Mice

A part of ingested high-amylose starch was indigestible and appeared in feces in both humans and mice. Starch from ordinary corn was not found in feces of either humans or mice. Fecal high-amylose starch was birefringent, showed no microscopic evidence of enzymic corrosion and had the red polarization color characteristic of high-amylose starch. The amylose content of fecal starch in both humans and mice was in the range 40 to 49% compared with an initial value of 70% in the amylomaize meal. Depending on the amount of amylomaize eaten (in baked muffins), human feces contained from 6 to 11% of high-amylose starch. Approximately 11% of the high-amylose starch ingested with 70 g of amylomaize meal (in baked muffins) appeared in the stool.
STUDIES ON MALARIAL PARASITES : VI. THE CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF NORMAL AND PARASITIZED (P. KNOWLESI) MONKEY BLOOD.

1. Normal monkey, Macaca mulatta, plasma and red cells are similar in their inorganic composition to those of human beings. Inorganic phosphate values of plasma and red cells from parasitized monkey blood are lower than normal. Plasma potassium values are higher than normal particularly during segmentation. Other inorganic components of parasitized blood show little variation from normal. 2. Monkey red blood cells parasitized with P. knowlesi consume oxygen in the presence of glucose, lactate, glycerol, and amino acids as substrates. Their respiration is inhibited by cyanide, carbon monoxide, and high oxygen tensions. Normal monkey red blood cells consume oxygen at an appreciable rate only in the presence of methylene blue. 3. Parasitized erythrocytes convert glucose to lactate at a rate 25 to 75 times that of the normal monkey erythrocyte. Unlike the normal red cell, the parasitized cell utilizes lactate if oxygen is present. Lactate is utilized, however, at a rate that is only one-sixth that of its production from glucose. 4. The significance of these findings in relation to the problem of cultivation of malarial parasites is discussed.
The Problem of False Belief and the Failure of the Theory of Descriptions

In this article I argue that Russell's multiple-relation theory of judgment is a continuation of the campaign against Frege and Meinong begun in “On Denoting” with the theory of descriptions. More precisely, I hold that (1) the problem of false belief, to which the multiple-relation theory is presented as a solution, emerges quite naturally out of the problem context of “On Denoting” and threatens to give new life to the theories Russell purports to have laid to rest there, and (2) that Russell's solution to the much neglected third puzzle of “On Denoting” contains the gist of the multiple-relation theory. The failure of that theory to solve the problem of false belief thus signifies the failure of the theory of descriptions.
Abstract 378: Alteration of Renal Neprilysin, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Nephrin in Streptozotocin (STZ) Diabetic Mice

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes which eventually manifests into end stage renal disease. Alteration in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is considered to be the primary cause underlying this implication. Emerging evidence suggests that the biological actions of Ang II may be opposed by the formation of Ang (1-7), partly generated by the actions of ACE2 and neprilysin (NEP). NEP is a zinc-containing metallopeptidase catalyzing the conversion of Ang I to Ang (1-7), a potent vasodilator, thus counteracting the deleterious effects of Ang II. In our previous studies it has been shown that renal ACE2 is up-regulated and NEP is down-regulated in type II diabetic (db/db) mice. However data is limited regarding the presence and activity of renal NEP and ACE2 in type I diabetic mice. The goal of the present study is to explore the role of renal NEP and ACE2 in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in the STZ mouse model of type I diabetes. Diabetes was induced by five consecutive injections of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Urine was collected in presence of protease inhibitor for measuring albumin, creatinine and total protein contents. STZ diabetic mice exhibit hyperglycemia (305±22 vs 125±6 mg/dL, p
Development of a Reading Accessibility Index Using the MNREAD Acuity Chart

IMPORTANCE We define a Reading Accessibility Index for evaluating reading in individuals with normal and low vision. OBJECTIVE To compare the Reading Accessibility Index with data from the Impact of Cataracts on Mobility (ICOM) study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigation was a secondary data analysis from the ICOM study performed between July 1, 2014, and September 20, 2015, at 12 eye clinics in Alabama from October 1, 1994, through March 31, 1996. Participants were 321 adults with cataract (n = 92), pseudophakia (n = 131), or natural crystalline lenses without cataract (n = 98). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The Reading Accessibility Index (hereafter referred to using the abbreviation ACC for the first 3 letters of Accessibility) is defined as an individual's mean reading speed measured across the 10 largest print sizes on the MNREAD Acuity Chart (Precision Vision) (0.4-1.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at 40 cm), normalized by 200 words per minute, which was the mean value for a group of 365 normally sighted young adults. The ACC is a single-value measure that captures an individual's range of accessible print sizes and reading fluency within this range. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 321 participants. Their age range was 55 to 85 years, and 157 (48.9%) were female. The ACCs for the ICOM study participants ranged from 0.19 to 1.33, where 1.00 is the mean value for normally sighted young adults. The ACC for the cataract group (mean [SD], 0.65 [0.18]) was significantly lower than that for the pseudophakia group (mean [SD], 0.77 [0.16]) and the control group (mean [SD], 0.76 [0.19]) (P < .001 for both). The correlation between the ACC and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity (r = -0.22) and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity (r = 0.20) was weaker than that with a reading-related measure of instrumental activities of daily living (r = -0.60) (P < .001 for both). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The ACC represents an individual's access to text across the range of print sizes found in everyday life. Its calculation does not rely on curve fitting and provides a direct comparison with the performance of normally sighted individuals. Changes in an individual's ACC might be used to evaluate the effect of ophthalmic treatment, rehabilitation programs, or assistive technology on reading accessibility. Data from the ICOM study show that the ACC reflects characteristics of reading performance in everyday life and is sensitive to improved reading accessibility for pseudophakic eyes.
Overtime Work and Family Consequences

The consequences for the work and family interface when workers' work longer than their usual hours might depend on the extra hours of work but perhaps even more so on whether such extra hours are required rather than chosen purely voluntarily. This research analyzes data from a large national survey from which we are able to isolate the potential role of choice of overtime work. It highlights the tradeoffs involved for workers. It entails a sacrifice of potential time or energy for home and family life activities. But extra hours also have positive consequences such as greater income and satisfaction from work. Two-thirds of the employed reported working longer than their usually scheduled hours at least one day per month, and about a third of these worked extra hours because it was required by their employer. The main self reported adverse consequences for workers' is interference of work with family time and inability to take time off from work for family or personal need. Greater fatigue carried home, including energy to do household chores, is also higher. Multinomial regression analysis finds only minimal effects on fatigue when overtime work is not mandatory. However, when extra work is mandatory, all such adverse effects are present and significant. Thus, future research in the work-life field should more deeply consider and measure the crucial factor of choice in overtime work, not just the duration of work hours. In addition, it should incorporate into theoretical constructs the potential economic gains workers that workers also may experience from doing overtime work, which may at least partly offset the negative effects on work-family integration.