cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Autonomous Taxi Service and Discussion on Its Design

The increase in speed of development in the autonomous vehicle domain has led to the conceptualization of ideas such as utilizing these autonomous vehicles for services like taxis. A key component of designing such services is the Human Computer Interaction (HCI), understanding how humans interact with the autonomous system and this taxi service can be designed keeping this in mind. This report is intended on providing a systematic literature review of recent publications by performing analysis of bibliometric data using tools such as Harzing, CiteSpace, VOS Viewer, Mendeley, BibExcel and, MAXQDA. Articles for review were chosen from several sources including Google Scholar, Web of Science, SpringerLink, ResearchGate, and even a couple of chapters from Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Fourth Edition by Salvendy. This report also provides a summarized understanding of the trending topics in this emerging area and a brief discussion on how these services are currently constructed. It also provides a step-by-step procedure explaining how this analysis was carried out.
Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Steel Miter Gates

AbstractThis article deals mainly with identification of a suitable method for time-dependent reliability and analysis of navigation structures based on a detailed literature review, application of the method to a miter gate, and comparison of results with the existing results in the the literature. The aspect of corrosion is considered in the study. This work is a continuation of the work on rolled steel sections reported by the authors at an international conference in Canada. Detailed computer programs in FORTRAN have been developed as part of this research study. It has been found that the existing results and the results of the present investigation compare very well.
The Demise of Federal Takings Legislation

For more than 20 years, the Supreme Court has held that a federal takings claim is not ripe until the claimant seeks compensation in state court. The Court's recent opinion in San Remo Hotel, L.P. v. City and County of San Francisco, establishes that the federal full faith and credit statute applies to federal takings claims. The Court itself recognized that its decision limits the availability of a federal forum for takings claims. In fact, however, claim preclusion doctrine - not considered or discussed by the Court - may result in more stringent limits on federal court review of takings claims than the Court's opinion anticipates. The counterintuitive result - federal takings claims must be litigated in state court - plays a critical role in the Supreme Court's emerging takings jurisprudence, which largely delegates to state courts the primary responsibility for policing land use regulation.
A mediational model of workplace flexibility, work–family conflict, and perceived stress among caregivers of older adults

As an increasing number of employees become caregivers, the role of workplace resources in supporting caregivers has attracted the attention of researchers, employers, and policy-makers. Workplace flexibility is one type of resource that has attracted particular interest, with research exploring whether flexibility (that is, giving employees some control over when and/or where work gets done) is related to important outcomes for both employees and employers. This investigation develops and tests a mediational model explicating the process through which workplace flexibility – operationalized in three distinct ways – impacts caregiver stress among US employees. Using a sample of 211 caregivers from the National Study of the Changing Workforce (2008), results show that work-to-family conflict mediates the relationship between perceived workplace flexibility and caregiver stress as well as the relationship between access to flexible work options and caregivers stress. However, the mediational model is not su...
SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES AMONG LOW-MASS PRE-MAIN SEQUENCE STARS

Although the unusual nature of T Tau was noted over four decades ago, the first orbit for a low-mass pre-main sequence (PMS) spectroscopic binary was not determined until Mundt et al. (1983) serendipitously discovered the double-lined nature of V826 Tau. To some degree the paucity of spectroscopic binary detections may be attributed to the faintness of such stars and the consequent difficulty in obtaining high resolution spectra; the first high-precision radial-velocity survey was that of Herbig (1977). Advances in radial-velocity measurement technology now permit relatively easy velocity measurements of PMS stars. However, V826 Tau was also one of the first discovered members of the naked T Tauri (NTTS) class of PMS stars (Walter 1987) and its discovery as a spectroscopic binary foreshadowed a prevalence for binary detection among this population. In this short paper we review the present observational status of PMS spectroscopic binaries and present several initial results and thoughts for consideration
Adaptive Lightweight Text Filtering

We present a lightweight text filtering algorithm intended for use with personal Web information agents. Fast response and low resource usage were the key design criteria, in order to allow the algorithm to run on the client side. The algorithm learns adaptive queries and dissemination thresholds for each topic of interest in its user profile. We describe a factorial experiment used to test the robustness of the algorithm under different learning parameters and more importantly, under limited training feedback. The experiment borrows from standard practice in TREC by using TREC-5 data to simulate a user reading and categorizing documents. Results indicate that the algorithm is capable of achieving good filtering performance, even with little user feedback.
A subspace identification extension to the phase correlation method [MRI application]

The phase correlation method (PCM) is known to provide straightforward estimation of rigid translational motion between two images. It is often claimed that the original method is best suited to identify integer pixel displacements, which has prompted the development of numerous subpixel displacement identification methods. However, the fact that the phase correlation matrix is rank one for a noise-free rigid translation model is often overlooked. This property leads to the low complexity subspace identification technique presented here. The combination of noninteger pixel displacement identification without interpolation, robustness to noise, and limited computational complexity make this approach a very attractive extension of the PCM. In addition, this approach is shown to be complementary with other subpixel phase correlation based techniques.
Topological charges in 2D N = ( 2 , 2 ) theories and massive BPS states

We study how charges of global symmetries that are manifest in the ultra-violet definition of a theory are realized as topological charges in its infra-red effective theory for two-dimensional theories with $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetry. We focus on the charges that the states living on $S^1$ carry. The central charge---or BPS masses---of the supersymmetry algebra play a crucial role in making this correspondence precise. We study two examples: $U(1)$ gauge theories with chiral matter, and world-volume theories of "dynamical surface operators" of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauge theories. In the former example, we show that the flavor charges of the theory are realized as topological winding numbers in the effective theory on the Coulomb branch. In the latter, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between topological charges of the effective theory of the dynamical surface operator and the electric, magnetic, and flavor charges of the 4d gauge theory. We also examine the topologically charged massive BPS states on $S^1$ and discover that the massive BPS spectrum is sensitive to the radius of the circle in the simplest theory---the free theory of a periodic twisted chiral field. We clarify this behavior by showing that the massive BPS spectrum on $S^1$, unlike the BPS ground states, cannot be identified as elements of a cohomology.
A pharmacokinetic method for designing prolonged-release formulations—Propoxyphene hydrochloride

Many prolonged-release preparations are designed so that a certain fraction is immediately available for absorption upon administration, while the remainder becomes available for absorption at an effectively constant rate. Recently, a number of prolonged-release propoxyphene hydrochloride formulations have been designed to dissolve in this manner in vitro.We employed a pharmacokinetic model, product dissolution data, and historical plasma concentration data to predict the plasma propoxyphene concentrations which might result from a particular mix and thus minimize the number of formulations requiring evaluation in subjects.
Treating Patients with Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Nationwide Analysis of Therapeutic Decision Making

Background Criteria for resectability of colon cancer liver metastases (CLM) are evolving, yet little is known about how physicians choose a therapeutic strategy for potentially resectable CLM.
Induction time measurements for the quartz—amine flotation system

Abstract An induction time apparatus which has a sensitivity limit of 100–150 μs has been constructed in the present work. The basic unit is similar to the one used by Eigeles and Volova and Trahar, but it operates with a microcomputer and has a greater sensitivity. Using this apparatus, the flotation chemistry of the quartz—amine system has been studied. It has been found that at a given dodecylaniminium hydrochloride concentration, the induction time is at a minimum at approximately pH 10.5. At this pH, the collector hydrolizes to form neutral amine and the flotation recovery reaches a maximum, suggesting that ionomolecular species are the surface-active species responsible for flotation. This finding confirms the earlier conclusions obtained using the surface tension and contact angle techniques. Induction time measurements have also been conducted as a function of particle size, collector concentration, indifferent electrolyte concentration, bubble change, and temperature. The results are compared with flotation data, and the activation energy for the bubble—particle adhesion has been calculated.
Isotopic transient kinetic analysis of ethane hydrogenolysis on Cu modified Ru/SiO2

Since Cu is known to decorate Ru surfaces but is not active for ethane hydrogenolysis, it provides a means to study the effect of modifier decoration on this highly structure sensitive reaction. The effect of this decoration on the concentration of the active intermediates and the surface kinetics during ethane hydrogenolysis on Ru/SiO{sub 2} has been studied using isotopic transient kinetics analysis. The abundances, coverages, and lifetimes of active surface intermediates of the reaction were measured under initial reaction conditions. Approximate intrinsic activities and abundances of surface dicarbon and monocarbon species were found to change significantly with the addition of Cu. The results show that low loadings of Cu appeared to block preferentially the sites which were the most active but much less abundant on the Ru surface, confirming the theoretical calculations of Strohl and King which suggested a nonuniform distribution of Cu on Ru crystallites. Ensemble sizes for ethane adsorption and hydrogenolysis were found to be ca. 5 and 12, respectively, based on a correlation between the change in surface abundance of each reactive intermediate species and the fraction of Ru surface atoms exposed. Approximate intrinsic activity related to breakage of the C-C bond during ethane hydrogenolysis varied significantlymore » for different sites, while that related to hydrogenation of monocarbon species was essentially the same for all sites. 37 refs., 9 figs., 5 tabs.« less
Parabrachial nuclei damage in infant rats produces residual deficits in gustatory preferences/aversions and sodium appetite

Ten-day-old rats sustained bilateral electrolytic lesions of the parabrachial nuclei in the pons (PBN). Growth measures and tests of sensorimotor, feeding and drinking behaviors, sodium appetite, and gustatory capacities were made between ages 1 and 150 days. PBN rats displayed a transient period of attenuated suckling, as evidenced by body weight loss. When tested soon after weaning, PBN rats were hyperdipsic in response to cellular dehydration and during food deprivation. This effect, however, was temporary. When tested as adults, PBN rats were hypodipsic in response to extracellular fluid volume depletion, they displayed alterations in sodium appetite, showed "exaggerated" preferences and aversions to saccharin and NaCl solutions, and they displayed attenuated quinine aversions. These results are generally similar to the behaviors of rats sustaining more central gustatory pathway lesions as adults. The functional significance of the PBN in the developing rat for preference/aversion and sodium appetite behaviors are discussed.
Electrophoresis of Influenzal A-Virus

SummaryThe electrophoretic mobility of influenzal A-virus has been found to be about —5.5 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 sec-1 at pH 7 to 9, ionic strength 0.1; and about —8×10-5 at pH 10, ionic strength 0.04. It appears to be the same as that of the complement-fixing antigen.
Nonlinear kinetics of the xanthine oxidase reaction catalyzed by chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase.

Abstract The xanthine oxidase reaction catalyzed by chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase has been shown to give nonlinear kinetics of the type which has been identified as substrate activation. When a very wide range of substrate (pteridine) concentrations were studied, it was found that a downward deflection in reciprocal plots (substrate activation) occurs in the high region and an upward deflection in the very low region. When product (isoxanthopterin) was included in reaction mixtures, the upward deflection was enhanced and shifted to higher substrate concentration ranges. In addition, reciprocal plots with a second substrate (oxygen) and a product (isoxanthopterin) were nonlinear. On the basis of these results an empirical rate equation was deduced from a series of slope and intercept plots. Kinetic constants were evaluated by the method of weighted least squares using an IBM 360 digital computer. The standard error of the calculated reciprocal velocity was only 4.7% of the weighted average of the observed reciprocal velocity. No term in this empirical equation could be omitted or rearranged and attain the same degree of agreement. This nonlinear rate equation can be interpreted using random substrate addition and product-release kinetic models with independent catalytic sites and without postulating second sites.
Provenance of dust in the Pacific Ocean

Eolian dust preserved in deep-sea sediment cores provides a valuable indicator of past atmospheric circulation and continental paleoclimate. In order to identify the provenance of eolian dust, Nd and Sr isotopic compositions and Rb, Sr and rare earth element (REE) concentrations have been determined for the silicate fractions of deep-sea sediments from the north and central Pacific Ocean. Different regions of the Pacific Ocean are characterized by distinct air-borne inputs, producing a large range in eNd (--10 tO + 1), STSr//86Sr (0.705-0.721), La/Yb (5-15), EUN/EU ~ (0.6-1.0) and Sr/Nd (4-33). The average Nd isotopic composition of Pacific deep-sea sediments (ENO = --6), is more radiogenic than the average from the Atlantic (eNa = --8). In contrast, the average 1475m//14aNd ratio for Pacific sediments (0.114) is identical to that of Atlantic sediments and to that of global average riverine suspended material. The values of ENa and 147Sm/144Nd are positively correlated for the Pacific samples but negatively correlated for Atlantic samples, reflecting a fundamental difference between the dominant components in the end members with radiogenic Nd (island-arc components in the Pacific and LREE-enriched intraplate ocean island components in the Atlantic). Samples from the north central Pacific have distinctive unradiogenic eNd values of --10, 87Sr/86Sr > 0.715, high La/Yb (> 12), and low EuN/Eu ~ (0.6) and Sr/Nd (3-6). These data are virtually identical to the values for loess from Asia and endorse the use of these sediments as indicators of Asian paleoclimate and paleowind directions. Island-arc contributions appear to dominate in the northwest Pacific, resulting in higher end (--1 to + 1) and lower 87Sr/86Sr (= 0.705) and La/Yb (~-5). Sediments from the eastern Pacific tend to have intermediate Sr and Nd isotopic compositions but regionally variable Sr/Nd and REE patterns; they appear to be derived from the west margin of the North and South American continents, rather than from Asia. Our results confirm that dust provenance can be constrained by isotopic and geochemical analyses, which will facilitate reconstructions of past atmospheric circulation and continental paleoclimate.
Photoacoustic and photothermal deflection spectroscopy of propane at CO2 laser wavelengths

Measurements are reported of absorption coefficient for nitrogen-diluted propane obtained by both photoacoustic spectroscopy and photothermal deflection spectroscopy using a CO/sub 2/ laser.
A molecular approach to understanding complex systems: Computational statistical mechanics using state-of-the-art algorithms on terascale computational platforms

We present our recent progress toward a molecular picture of reactions in complex fluids and at interfaces. In particular, we highlight the important statistical mechanical methodology as well as the electronic structure methods and algorithms that are used to tackle important unresolved questions in the chemical sciences. Moreover, we demonstrate that using the simulation protocol outlined, in conjunction with current and next generation computer hardware, a quantitative understanding of complex chemical problems in the condensed phase is within reach.
Immobilized poly-L-histidine for chelation of metal cations and metal oxyanions

Abstract The biohomopolymer poly- l -histidine (PLHis) was immobilized onto controlled pore glass (CPG) and its metal binding capabilities evaluated through the use of a flow injection-flame atomic absorption system. The metal binding capability of PLHis-CPG was determined through the analysis of the generated breakthrough curves. The polymer likely coordinates cationic metals through the imidazole side chain (pKa≈6) present on each histidine residue with both strong and weak binding sites for Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+. Weak to minimal binding was observed for Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and Cr3+. The bound metals are quantitatively released from the column with an acid strip. It has also been shown that the protonated imidazole side chain present in acidic solutions is capable of binding metal oxyanions such as chromates, arsenates, and selenites; although oxyanion binding currently exhibits interferences from competing anions in solution, such as sulfate and nitrate. The interference in oxyanion binding is less severe in the presence of chloride, phosphate, and acetate. PLHis-CPG exhibits a capacity of ∼30 μmol Cu2+/g CPG in neutral to basic conditions, and a capacity of ∼70 μmol Cr(VI)/g CPG, ∼4 μmol As(V)/g CPG, and ∼4 μmol Se(IV)/g CPG in acidic conditions.
A minimum error neural network (MNN)

Abstract A minimum error neural network (MNN) model is presented and applied to a network of the appropriate architecture. The associated one-pass learning rule involves the estimation of input densities. This is accomplished by utilizing local Gaussian functions. A major distinction between this network and other Gaussian based estimators is in the selection of covariance matrices. In MNN, every single local function has its own covariance matrix. The Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process is used to obtain these matrices. In comparison with the well known probabilistic neural network (PNN), the proposed network has shown improved performance.
FOIS introduction: Ontology---towards a new synthesis

This introduction to the Second International Conference on Formal Ontology and Information Systems presents a brief history of ontology as a discipline spanning the boundaries of philosophy and information science. We sketch some of the reasons for the growth of ontology in the information science field, and offer a preliminary stocktaking of how the term 'ontology' is currently used. We conclude by suggesting some grounds for optimism as concerns the future collaboration between philosophical ontologists and information scientistsPhilosophical ontology is the science of what is, of the kinds and structures of objects, properties, events, processes and relations in every area of reality. Philosophical ontology takes many forms, from the metaphysics of Aristotle to the object-theory of Alexius Meinong. The term 'ontology' (or ontologia) was itself coined in 1613, independently, by two philosophers, Rudolf Gockel (Goclenius), in his Lexicon philosophicum and Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus), in his Theatrum philosophicum. Its first occurrence in English as recorded by the OED appears in Bailey's dictionary of 1721, which defines ontology as 'an Account of being in the Abstract'Regardless of its name, what we now refer to as philosophical ontology has sought the definitive and exhaustive classification of entities in all spheres of being. It can thus be conceived as a kind of generalized chemistry. The taxonomies which result from philosophical ontology have been intended to be definitive in the sense that they could serve as answers to such questions as: What classes of entities are needed for a complete description and explanation of all the goings-on in the universe? Or: What classes of entities are needed to give an account of what makes true all truths? They have been designed to be exhaustive in the sense that all types of entities should be included, including also the types of relations by which entities are tied together.
Gait recognition based on leg motion and contour of silhouette

Human identification at a distance has recently gained growing interest from computer vision researchers. This paper presents an automatic gait recognition system that recognizes a person by the way they walk. The gait signature is obtained based on the angle and the contour of the silhouette. For each image sequence, background subtraction is used to extract moving silhouettes of the walker. The silhouette is divided using three parameters: the perimeter of the contour of the silhouette, the area of the silhouette and the angle between right leg and left leg. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then applied to this dataset in order to reduce the dimensionality. The perimeter of contour and the area of each silhouette was added to the dataset. This paper applies dynamic time warping to distinguish between the different gaits of human subjects. The performance of the proposed method is tested using CASIA database B. Recognition results show this approach is efficient.
Planetary science: Archaeology of the asteroid belt.

The size of asteroids in the Solar System's main asteroid belt may help constrain one of the least-understood aspects of planet formation — the transition from pebble-sized dust balls to mountain-sized planetesimals.
Parameter extraction for a figure-of-merit approach for the comparison of optical interconnects

A methodology is described for parameter extraction from modeling for the determination of the appropriate figures of merit (FOMs) to be used for comparisons between different architectures of optical interconnects and their electrical counterparts. The key FOM selected for performance is that of data throughput, defined as the product of bitrate and interconnect length. Parameter extraction proceeds through modeling of a prototype optical transceiver introduced by GTE laboratories. Optical power budget modeling is performed as it applies to a simple basic optical interconnect, which can then be extended to the modeling of arrays, by incorporating channel crosstalk limitations. Through this modeling, the specific limitations to the data throughput are explored and several trade-offs such as those between gain and speed, power and delay-times, and power and bit error rate (BER) are quantified
A New and Efficient Method for the Selective Olefination of Aldehydes with Ethyl Diazoacetate Catalyzed by an Iron(II) Porphyrin Complex

Olefination of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with ethyl diazoacetate was achieved in excellent yields with triphenylphosphine and catalytic amounts of iron(II) meso-tetra(p-tolyl)porphyrin. The reaction conditions are mild and the process is efficient and highly selective (>90%) for the synthesis of the trans-olefin isomer. Results of mechanistic studies are discussed.
Practical semantic test simplification

We present a technique that simplifies tests at the semantic level. We first formalize the semantic test simplification problem, and prove it is NP-hard. Then, we propose a heuristic algorithm, SimpleTest, that automatically transforms a test into a simpler test, while still preserving a given property. The key insight of SimpleTest is to reconstruct an executable and simpler test that exhibits the given property from the original one. Our preliminary study on 7 real-world programs showed the usefulness of SimpleTest.
Aerobic fermentation and phosphofructokinase in tissue slices of the corn scutellum

Abstract The study of gas exchange in tissue slices of corn scutellum incubated either in water or 0·1 M fructose showed that the presence of the hexose increased the rate of glycolysis in this tissue 4- to 7-fold depending on the experimental conditions, and that this increase was quantitatively linked with an aerobic alcoholic fermentation. The properties of crude phosphofructokinase (PFK) were studied and compared with the properties of PFK's from other higher plants, one of which does not carry out aerobic fermentation in the presence of exogenous hexose. Corn scutellum PFK appears to be similar in its properties to the PFK's of other higher plants. The tissue levels of certain metabolic intermediates, some of which influence PFK activity (citrate, ATP, inorganic orthophosphate, and fructose-1,6-diphosphate), were determined and were found not to vary in amount under regimes of low and high glycolytic activity. No evidence was found to support a regulatory role for PFK on the rate of glycolysis in corn scutellum slices. Alternative mechanisms for the control of glycolysis in scutellum slices are proposed. These controls may involve the reactions leading to the metabolic utilization of stored sucrose and the intracellular distribution of adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate.
Metribuzin metabolism in soybeans: Partial characterization of the polar metabolites

Abstract The polar product of metribuzin (4-amino-6- tert -butyl-3-(methylthio)- as -triazin-5(4H)-one) metabolism consisted of numerous metabolites and ranged in size/polarity from a monoglycoside to larger than a tetrasaccharide conjugate with most metabolites being larger/more polar than a tetrasaccharide. The relative percentage of each metabolite shifted toward increasingly larger compounds upon translocation up the soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant. All polar metabolites were conjugates containing carbohydrates. Many contained amino acids, and some may have contained lipids. The two cultivars formed similar classes of conjugates, i.e., presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, or lipids, but often differed in the specific component.
Reply to Pearson and Pearson: Reflections on historical vs. contemporary information

The ideas of Pearson and Pearson (1) are pertinent to better analysis of historical change, as well as to test how past experiences may relate to current sustainability questions. Important issues would include the limitations of resilience theory, the interplay of transformation and collapse, and the importance of open societal networks for transformability. Research groupings may share ultimate goals, but, by following divergent legacies, use different assumptions and methods to address coupled systems. Successful societal transformation probably does involve centrifugal processes, yet what is logical in contemporary perspective may be unpredictable in the light of good field, archival, or other primary sources for historical time (2).
Gross CP violation in the strong cubic intermediate vector Boson model

Abstract The gross CP (or equivalently, time-reversal) violation effects predicted by the strong cubic IVB model are discussed for weak decays involving induced neutral currents and for the IVB production process.
Future direction of incremental association rules mining

Data mining has been attracted much attention from practitioners and researchers in recent years. Association rules are one of the most important research areas of data mining. Association Rule Mining (ARM) aims to discovers the relationship between the most frequent itemsets. Many algorithms have been developed for mining static datasets. It is nontrivial to maintain such discovered rules from large datasets, this was the main idea behind Incremental Association Rules Mining (IARM), which recently has received much attention from the Data Mining researcher. In this paper, a survey of Incremental Association Rule Mining (IARM) techniques and algorithms that had been developed are categorized and analyzed.
Multi-artery, heat pipe spreader

Multiple, columnar liquid vapor chamber allows for effective heat removal from finite, concentrated heat source by heat spreading via lateral vapor flow, while minimizing conduction resistance through thinner evaporator wick. The individual liquid arteries are designed by wick coated solid pillar. We optimize the artery geometry, numbers, and distribution, for both liquid and air-cooled, finned condensers, and show that the overall thermal resistance is substantially lower than the uniform wick vapor chamber.
Developmental plasticity of the rat olfactory receptor sheet as shown by complete recovery of surface area and cell number from extensive early hypothyroid growth retardation.

Abstract To assess the effects of early thyroid deficiency, and recovery from this condition on growth and development of olfactory epithelium (OE), male Sprague-Dawley rat pups were rendered hypothyroid by addition of propylthiouracil (PTU) to their drinking water from birth. At weaning some rats continued to receive PTU while others were allowed to recover by withdrawal of PTU. Body weights and plasma thyroxine levels were determined in all groups. At the ages of 25, 50 and 90 days, the OE of these hypothyroid and ‘recovery’ rats were compared with age-matched controls for surface area, epithelial thickness, density and total number of olfactory receptor neurons, basal cells and supporting cells, using morphometric and cell counting methods. Normal rats showed marked and highly significant increases in the OE surface area and olfactory neuron number (2.6- and 2.3-folds) during the post-weaning period. In the hypothyroid rats, body growth and thyroxine levels were severely suppressed. The OE in the 25-day-old hypothyroid rats showed more than 40% reduction in surface area and cell number, compared to controls, but mean epithelial thickness and surface density of cells were unchanged. In the post-weaning hypothyroid rats, the expansion of surface area was severely retarded, and increase in cell number ceased entirely. In rats allowed to recover by PTU withdrawal, by 90 days of age, body weight and size had markedly increased but had not caught up completely; however, thyroxine levels were restored to normal and the surface area and cell number in the OE had increased in a compensatory manner, completely restoring the deficiencies in OE growth, including surface area, numbers of receptor neurons, basal cells and supporting cells. The results indicate marked growth plasticity of OE in the post-weaning rats. This pronounced ability to recover from early growth retardation contrasts with that seen in central neural structures, and indicates the great potential of OE for use as a model neural system for the study of recovery from early damage and growth retardation.
Pediatric Surgery: Then and Now

First, let me express my deep appreciation for the honor of serving as president of the New England Surgical Society. Many of the 72 past presidents were my teachers. One was Dr Thomas H. Lanman, a pioneer in pediatric surgery. In his presidential address in 1947, he said: "Whether we like it or not, the social and economic problems of medicine today must be faced, and by constructive efforts we must attempt their solution."1Interestingly, 100 years earlier in 1847, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, The name of Washington City in the newspapers is everyday of blacker shade. All the news from that quarter being of a sadder type, more malignant. It seems to be settled that no act of honor or benevolence or justice is to be expected from the American government, but only this, that they will be as wicked as they dare. No man can have any
Toxicokinetics of Ro 5-4864, lindane and picrotoxin compared

Abstract The effects produced by IP administration of these three agents in the rat were compared because of in vitro evidence that each modulates the picrotoxin site of theGABA A receptor. For each, hypothermia had the lowest threshold and convulsions the next, with hypophagia produced only by the highest dose of either Ro 5-4864 or lindane. Convulsant effects had a shorter latency and a shorter duration than did hypothermia. Hypophagia, when present, lasted the longest. Myoclonus was the seizure type with the lowest threshold for all three agents. At the highest dose, lindane produced a high incidence of maximal clonic (hopping) seizures, whereas Ro 5-4864 and picrotoxin produced a high incidence of maximal tonic seizures instead. On a mole/kg basis, picrotoxin was 40 times more effective than the other two agents and produced seizures which started later, peaked later, and persisted longest. Ro 5-4864 and lindane were effective at equimolar concentrations and, in combination, produced effects which suggested either dose-addition or synergism. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the toxic effects of both Ro 5-4864 and lindane may be attributable, at least in part, to an action at a subpopulation of GABA A receptors.
Acquisition of lethal doses of Beauveria bassiana conidia by western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, exposed to foliar spray residues of formulated and unformulated conidia.

Secondary acquisition of Beauveria bassiana conidia was recorded on the whole bodies and selected body parts of second-instar nymphs and adult female western flower thrips exposed to foliar spray residues of three differently formulated conidial preparations, for 24 h. Conidia were formulated in emulsifiable oil or with clay (wettable powder), or were essentially unformulated conidia (technical grade powder suspended in water with a surfactant). Formulation had no significant effect on dose acquisition and no effect on virulence of acquired conidia. The mean nymphal LC50/LD50 was 116 conidia/mm2 and 52 conidia/insect, respectively; the values for adults were 19 conidia/mm2 and 5 conidia/insect. Greatest numbers of conidia were recorded on the legs and abdomens of nymphs and on the legs, wings, and thoraces of adults. As would be expected, numbers of conidia acquired increased with residue concentration (application rate). However, an inverse relationship was noted between acquisition rate (conidia acquired/total conidia applied) and residue concentration. The mechanism underlying this response was not determined. However, there was no indication that any body parts (e.g., tarsi) became saturated with spores, which suggests that either the thrips were repelled by the conidial residues or that as the concentrations of conidia on the substrate increased, conidia somehow became more difficult to acquire. Slopes of the LC probit regressions were lower than those of the LD regressions (mean 1.14 vs 1.78), suggesting that the low slopes often obtained in fungal pathogen assays could be partly an artifact of unequal rates of dose acquisition at low vs high application rates.
Time-variant service reliability of post-tensioned, segmental, concrete bridges exposed to corrosive environments

Abstract This paper presents a framework for assessing the service reliability of post-tensioned (PT) bridges with damaged and undamaged tendons containing voids, chlorides, and moisture. The service reliability is defined based on the probability that the normal stress due to the applied loads (i.e., demand) at the midspan of the girder attains or exceeds the corresponding allowable normal stress (i.e., capacity). The probabilistic model to determine the normal stress demand is formulated using statistical characteristics of highway traffic and bridge design loads, probabilistic models for the tension capacity of corroding strands, the AASHTO LRFD stress model for strands, and Todeschini’s nonlinear stress model for concrete. The probabilistic model for capacity is based on the AASHTO LRFD normal stress limits. Using the developed reliability framework and Monte Carlo simulation, the time-variant service reliability of a typical PT bridge over a 75-year period is estimated. After chloride and moisture infiltrate the tendons, the service reliability reduces to a value below recommended values within a relatively short period of time.
“cAMP Sponge”: A New Tool For Probing cAMP Microdomains In Living Cells

Specific buffers for second messengers (e.g. BAPTA for Ca2+ and “InsP3 sponge” for InsP3) have proven invaluable for studying complex signaling pathways. A buffer for cAMP would also be highly desirable, but no such tool currently exists. Here we present the generation and validation of a novel genetically encoded cAMP buffer, “cAMP sponge”, based on the PKA regulatory subunit type 1, subtype beta (RIbeta). In order to avoid possible biological effects of RIbeta, we have engineered a recombinant form consisting of the two C-terminal cAMP binding domains, while the biologically active NH2 terminus was eliminated. In order to quantitatively assess the expression of our “cAMP sponge” at the single cell level, we labeled it with the fluorescent protein, mCherry. This allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of our chimera expression (based on fluorescence intensity measured at 610nm emission) on the microscope stage. Evaluation of the cAMP buffering power of our sponge in cell lines stably expressing a FRET-based sensor for cAMP (EPAC H30) showed significant attenuation of the response to PGE2, VIP and FSK. Sponge constructs targeted to cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus showed significant local attenuation of the response to cAMP-generating agonists. In control experiments, over-expression of mCherry alone or a double mutant of our sponge in which the two cAMP binding sites were inactivated showed no significant attenuation of cAMP signals in PGE2-, VIP- or FSK-challenged cells. Interestingly we found that the extra cAMP buffering power provided by the cAMP sponge can be compensated by second messenger derived from connected neighboring cells that do not express the exogenous buffer, revealing new aspects of gap junction mediated communication. This new tool should also prove valuable for assessing the importance of cAMP microdomains in secretion, migration and transcriptional regulation.
Understanding the relationship between composition and hydrodesulfurization properties for cobalt phosphide catalysts

Abstract Silica-supported cobalt phosphide (Co x P y /SiO 2 ) catalysts, prepared from precursors having P/Co molar ratios in the range 0.50–2.0, were characterized and evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS). The HDS activities of the Co x P y /SiO 2 catalysts varied nearly four-fold depending on the composition of the Co phosphide phase, with the most active Co x P y /SiO 2 catalyst corresponding to the precursor composition having just enough P to ensure formation of phase-pure CoP on the silica support. The maximum in HDS activity observed for this Co phosphide composition can be correlated with a balance between site density (as measured by O 2 chemisorption) and resistance to S incorporation (as measured by S analysis of catalysts subjected to an H 2 S/H 2 treatment).
Hot photocarrier dynamics in organic solar cells measured by transient absorption and time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy

We present a study of charge transfer and carrier dynamics in films of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and buckmisnsterfullerene (C60) by investigated by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS). We compare terahertz photoconductivity dynamics in composite and multi-layered films of C60 and ZnPc. The few picosecond terahertz photoconductivity dynamics arise from autoionization and recombination between C60 molecules and cooling of hot photocarriers following from charge transfer between C60 and ZnPc.
Performance-Based Transportation Management: The Case of U.S. State DOTs

The U.S. transportation infrastructure is in serious need of repair, at a time when federal government funding is decreasing due to the poor economy. Congress has indicated that future funds will be dispersed competitively, based on a State's ability to demonstrate effective and efficient use of funds, and those with projects of national importance. Demonstrating effectiveness and efficiency will be accomplished through performance measurement systems. However, the various agencies and stakeholders don’t agree on the measures to use. This study develops a single framework for transportation performance based on a unification of the various U.S. transportation agency and stakeholder models.
Generalizing the inequality per(J2⊗M)⩾2n[per(M]2

Abstract Let M denote an n × n positive semidefinite Hermitian matrix,and let W = [ωij] be either a 2×2 real matrix such that ω11ω22⩽0 and ω12ω21⩽0 or a 2×2 Hermitian matrix such that ω11ω22⩽0. We prove the inequality per (W⊗M)⩾[ per (W)] n [ per (M)] 2 and establish that equality results if and only if ω11ω22 = 0 or ω12ω21=0 or M contains a row of zeros or M is diagonal.
Landscapes of Power: Middle Class and Lower Class Power Dynamics in a New York Charitable Institution

Archaeological and historical research at Sailors’ Snug Harbor uncovered material on this landscape of power. Sailors’ Snug Harbor, located in New York City, was established in 1831 as a private institution for retired and injured seamen who were economically impoverished. In the nineteenth century, between 400 and 800 seamen lived at Snug Harbor, supported by a director (called the governor), an assistant director (the steward), a doctor, a chaplain, and a large support staff. There were rivalries between the middle class administrators of institution especially during the reign of Thomas Melville (1867–84). Because over twenty percent of the retired seamen were former ship captains, in addition to numerous officers such as first mates, there were intense power dynamics between Melville (a former clipper ship captain) and the retired seamen (inmates). The design of the buildings and grounds, the archaeological material, and the primary source documents reveal middle class and lower class power dynamics that existed in this closed community.
Learn.Genetics from the Genetic Science Learning Center at the University of Utah

Review of : the Learn.Genetics website from the Genetic Science Learning Center at the University of Utah.
Laparoscopic management of 128 undescended testes: Our experience

Background: To describe different laparoscopic procedures in the management of impalpable undescended testes (UDT) and their outcome. Descriptive study. Materials and Methods: The medical records of all the patients, managed laparoscopically for impalpable UDT between January 2008 to March 2011 at the department of Pediatric surgery, the Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore, Pakistan were reviewed for demography, history and clinical examination, investigations, operative notes, complication and outcome. Results: There were a total of 90 patients (128 testes) with impalpable UDT managed laparoscopically. The mean age of presentation was 4.25 years (SD±3.47). In 38 (42.2%) patients, UDT were bilateral, whereas in 33 (36.7%), these were right sided and in 19 (21%), these were left sided. Laparoscopic findings revealed 65 (50.8%) testes lying higher up in the abdomen, 26 (20.3%) testes at internal ring, vas and vessel going into the deep ring in 22 (17%) cases and 15 (11.7%) atrophied/vanishing testes. Laparoscopic 2-Stage Fowler-Stephen (FS) orchidopexy was performed in 65 testes, laparoscopic orchidopexy was performed in 26 testes, laparoscopy followed by inguinal exploration and orchidopexy in 19 testes (3 testes were atrophied) and orchidectomy was performed in 9 testes. There were three conversions to laparotomy, one for external iliac iatrogenic injury and two for adhesions of the testes with the intestine. During follow-up at 6 months, 2 patients had testicular atrophy and the parents of 5 patients where testes could be brought to the scrotum neck were worried for the location. Conclusion: Laparoscopic management of impalpable UDT is an effective way of managing every kind of impalpable UDT. It is safe and its complications are very few.
Formation of α, β-epoxy systems from β-peroxy carbon free radicals

Abstract The conversion of β-peroxy carbon free radicals to α,β-epoxides is a facile process of broad scope and may be a key step in the biosynthesis of clavulones.
Mechanism and Scope of Stereospecific, Coordinative-Anionic Polymerization of Acrylamides by Chiral Zirconocenium Ester and Amide Enolates

The mechanism and scope of the isospecific, coordinative-anionic polymerization of acrylamides, including N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide (DMMA), and N-isopropylacrylamide (IPAA), using chiral ansa-zirconocenium ester and amide enolates, are reported. The zirconocenium ester enolate, rac-(EBI)Zr+(THF)[OC(OiPr)CMe2][MeB(C6F5)3]- [1; EBI = C2H4(Ind)2], effects highly isospecific and living polymerization of DMAA via a monometallic, intramolecular coordinative-conjugate-addition mechanism, with the resting intermediate during a “catalytic” propagation cycle being the cyclic amide enolate. The results leading to these key conclusions were derived from investigations of polymerization kinetics, polymer microstructures and chain-end groups, and block copolymerization behavior as well as modeling and isolation of the active propagating species. Specifically regarding the active species modeling, isolation, and characterization, neutral chiral amide enolate rac-(EBI)ZrMe[OC(NMe2)CMe2] (2...
Inheritance of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and random amplified polymorphic DNAs in coastal Douglas-fir.

A total of 225 new genetic loci [151 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and 74 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD)] in coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] have been identified using a three-generation outbred pedigree. The Mendelian inheritance of 16 RFLP loci and 29 RAPD loci was demonstrated based on single-locus segregation in a sample of F2 progeny. One RFLP locus, PtIFG2025, showed segregation distortion. Probe pPtIFG2025 is a loblolly pine cDNA probe encoding for rbcS. The 16 RFLP loci and 23 allozyme loci were also assayed in a sample of 16 Douglas-fir seed-orchard clones. Allelism was determined at 11 of the 16 RFLP loci. RFLPs were able to detect slightly more variation (4.0 alleles per locus) than allozymes (3.1 alleles per locus). The inheritance of an additional 80 RAPD loci was determined based on haploid segregation analysis of megagametophytes from parent tree 013-1. Once 200–300 markers are identified and placed on a genetic map, quantitative trait loci affecting bud phenology will be mapped.
AUTOREGULATION OF INTAKE OF AMINO-ACIDS: REVERSAL OF AN 'UNWISE' DIETARY PREFERENCE IN RATS UNDER CONDITIONS FAVOURABLE FOR LEARNING.

Autoregulation of Intake of Amino-Acids: Reversal of an ‘Unwise’ Dietary Preference in Rats Under Conditions Favourable for Learning