cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-stage production modeling of large U.S. banks

This study proposes a new approach to model a two-stage production process.A DEA-BPNN method adds flexibility in two-stage production modeling.The proposed model complements two-stage DEA by adding predictive power.The adaptive method can support incremental performance improvement.The proposed model is empirically supported by using data from large U.S. banks. The purpose of this paper is to explore an innovative performance model for a two-stage sequential production process by combining data envelopment analysis (DEA) and back propagation neural network (BPNN). Recent literature shows a growing interest on performance modeling of two-stage production process using DEA. But, most previous studies on the scope of two-stage modeling are still limited to the efficiency measurement and also have neglected the progressive direction of predictive value and capacity. As an optimization technique, two-stage DEA model lacks predictive capacity. Despite an adaptive prediction model being a practical necessity, this area has rarely been addressed in the previous studies. This paper demonstrates an integrative approach to constructive performance modeling of a two-stage sequential production process by exploring predictive capacity of BPNN in conjunction with DEA. The effectiveness of our jointly integrated performance model through this study is empirically supported by its practical application to the financial banking operations across large U.S. banks.
Cholesterol Esterification by Adrenal Homogenates.

SummaryCholesterol-esterifying activity was demonstrated in homogenates of rat, rabbit and guinea pig adrenals. Cholesterol-esterifying activity was found to be deficient in homogenates of bovine a...
Handling Late Changes to Titan Science

The Cassini mission has been in orbit for eight years, returning a wealth of scientific data from Titan and the Saturnian system. The mission, a cooperative undertaking between NASA, ESA and ASI, is currently in its second extension of the prime mission. The Cassini Solstice Mission (CSM) extends the mission's lifetime until Saturn's northern summer solstice in 2017. The Titan Orbital Science Team (TOST) has the task of integrating the science observations for all 56 targeted Titan flybys in the CSM. In order to balance Titan science across the entire set of flybys during the CSM, to optimize and influence the Titan flyby altitudes, and to decrease the future workload, TOST went through a "jumpstart" process before the start of the CSM. The "jumpstart" produced Master Timelines for each flyby, identifying prime science observations and allocating control of the spacecraft attitude to specific instrument teams. Three years after completing this long-range plan, TOST now faces a new challenge: incorporating changes into the Titan Science Plan without undoing the balance achieved during the jumpstart.
Sex-Based Differences in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From Invasive and Noninvasive Coronary Technologies

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may result from atherosclerotic or nonatherosclerotic mechanisms, and commonly but not always present as plaque rupture. Women presenting with ACS are more often older than men with several pre-existing comorbidities. Although the protective influence of estrogen is notable in younger women, it is over-ridden by the presence of risk factors resulting in worse outcomes for young women with ACS compared with young men. Similarly the morbidity of angiographically nonobstructive disease is greater in women, leading to recurrent angina and hospitalization. ACS resulting from nonatherosclerotic mechanisms requires rigorous investigation for appropriate management. Although cost and logistics deter the routine use of invasive coronary imaging during cardiac catheterization, careful clinical considerations are warranted to guide optimal usage in practice. This review will discuss the insights into sex-based differences obtained chiefly from invasive coronary imaging with a focus on ACS.
A valid experimental brain death organ donor model.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to establish a validated canine brain death model. Ten consecutive dogs were studied to investigate the effects of brain death on hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal function. METHODS: Brain death was induced by inflation of a subdurally placed balloon and was validated neuropathologically. Functional data and blood samples were collected before and 15, 45, 90, 240, 360, and 420 minutes after the induction of brain death. No inotropic or vasoactive support was given. The results are expressed as mean +/- standard error of the mean. RESULTS: The Cushing reflex occurred in all animals and lasted 13.3 +/- 1.5 minutes. Raised catecholamine levels were documented at 15 minutes, whereas the pituitary gland hormones vasopressin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone decreased significantly after 15 and 45 minutes, respectively. Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and glucagon decreased significantly from 0.58 +/- 0.05 ng/ml, 2.20 +/- 0.15 micrograms/dl, and 49.7 +/- 9.1 pg/ml to 0.34 +/- 0.03 ng/ml (p < 0.05 versus baseline; paired two-tailed t-test), 1.14 +/- 1.14 micrograms/dl (p < 0.05), and 6.9 +/- 1.4 pg/ml (p < 0.05). Insulin and lactate dehydrogenase showed a moderate increase after brain death. Diabetes insipidus occurred after 45 minutes in nine animals (urine output 13.5 +/- 1.8 ml/kg/hour). Left and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased significantly toward the end of all experiments. Cardiac output increased and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased, but heart rate remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: This simple, reproducible, moderately invasive, and reliable model of brain death in animals assesses donor organ function and preservation. Cushing reflex, hyperdynamic state, catecholamine storm, vasopressin and adrenocorticotropic hormone cessation, total cerebral necrosis, and diabetes insipidus were consistent findings.
Social Justice Identity: A Phenomenological Study

This exploratory, phenomenological qualitative study was designed to investigate the phenomenon of social justice identity by understanding respondents’ lived experiences with social justice efforts. Data analysis yielded four themes describing the lived experiences of respondents’ social justice identity. Implications for training, supervision, and research are included.
Serum Amyloid A Immunohistochemical Staining Patterns in Hepatitis

Aims Serum amyloid A is an acute phase reactant that is produced by hepatocytes in response to either inflammatory or neoplastic conditions. Since inflammatory adenomas produce this protein, serum amyloid A immunohistochemistry has been used in the evaluation of hepatocellular neoplasms. However, studies evaluating the expression of this protein in hepatitis are lacking. The aim of this study was to performed serum amyloid A immunostains on medical liver biopsy specimens of patients with common chronic liver diseases and correlate it with disease activity and stage. Methods and Results We performed serum amyloid A immunostains on 160 medical liver biopsies, including 100 cases of hepatitis C virus infection at different stages (20 cases of each), and 20 cases each of hepatitis B viral infection, steatohepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Extent and location of staining was recorded and correlated with grade, stage, and laboratory values (transaminases, bilirubin, and viral load). Data were analyzed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test for trend. Serum amyloid A staining was present in 130 (81%) cases and was limited to zone 3 perivenular hepatocytes in 66 (41%). Biopsy specimens with less fibrosis and/or mild portal inflammation showed significantly more staining than those with cirrhosis (p<0.001) or at least moderate inflammatory activity (p<0.001). There was no significant association between lobular inflammation (p=0.06), bilirubin levels, or viral load and immunohistochemical staining for serum amyloid A. Conclusions Our results show that liver biopsy specimens with mildly active chronic hepatitis, early fibrosis, and normal serum transaminases show more serum amyloid A immunopositivity compared with cases with more inflammatory activity, fibrosis, or transaminitis. These findings indicate that serum amyloid A is primarily expressed in early phases of disease and might influence progression and / or response to treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Theory for Planar Anisotropy in Metallic Sheets

A new planar orthotropic plasticity theory is proposed for metallic sheets. Attractive features of the present formulation against those of Hill’s (1990) theory are discussed.
Chalmette National Historical Park: A remote sensing project

Using Chalmette National Historical Park as the area of interest, three types of imagery (black-and-white, color-infrared, and multispectral) were evaluated as to their utility in detecting features of importance to anthropologists and cultural resource managers.
A two southern state comparison of the relationship between UCR crime rates and the anticipation of victimization

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between UCR crime rates and a surveyed population’s anticipation of victimization within the next year. Separate surveys were conducted within the states of Tennessee and Texas. In both surveys, self-reported questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 2,000 individuals drawn from the population of persons holding valid driver’s licenses within that state. A comparison was made between six Part I (rape, robbery, assualt, burglary, theft, and vehicle theft) UCR crime rates of the two states and the expectation of imminent victimization, as shown by the statewide surveys. Several past studies have suggested that there is little relationship between the official incidence of crime and the perceived likelihood of victimization. However, this study presents evidence in support of a positive relationship between UCR crime rates and the anticipation of victimization. In addition, it was found that the greater the anticipation of victimization level the more likely the respondents were to utilize defensive security devices (target hardening).
A smartphone-based system for assessing intraocular pressure

The measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important vital sign for the eye, particularly for the diagnosis of glaucoma. Procedures for measuring IOP have been used by eye care professionals for over 100 years, but those without access to such professionals often go undiagnosed. We present a smartphone-based system that can be operated by minimally trained users to measure IOP. The system emulates fixed-force tonometry using a low-cost mechanical attachment to the smartphone. Video is captured through the attachment and then processed in real-time to provide an absolute estimate of the patient's intraocular pressure. Our preliminary assessment with two ex vivo porcine eyes demonstrates that the system follows a baseline physical model with correlations of 0.89 and 0.88.
Effect of baseline characteristics, including antihypertensive therapy, on survival and hypertension during treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway inhibitors (VSP-Is).

9639 Background: Oral VSP-Is are associated with a significant risk of hypertension (HTN), yet little is known regarding clinical predictors. We describe the association between baseline clinical characteristics, including antihypertensive (antiHTN) therapy, and increased blood pressure (BP) and survival in patients prescribed VSP-Is. Methods: Clinical data was obtained from1120 adults prescribed VSP-Is, identified from electronic medical records (Partners HealthCare, Boston, MA). The primary outcome was worsening HTN (BP≥160/100 mmHg on ≥1 occasion or requiring intensification of antiHTN therapy) in patients with pre-existing HTN, or the development of new HTN in patients with no prior history. Results: The most common cancers wererenal cell (32.2%), hepatocellular (11.6%), GIST (12.5%), and other sarcomas (15.3%). Most patients received sunitinib (52%), sorafenib (25.9%) or pazopanib (18%). Pre-existing HTN was present in 65.4%. The primary BP outcome was identified in 49.9% (median follow-up 4.3 months...
Quality of life analysis of patients undergoing immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis has been conservatively estimated to affect 35 million Americans, with an annual US expenditure ofmore than $2 billion for treatment. Immunotherapy is generally administered to patients with allergic rhinitis when avoidance is impossible or impractical, when pharmacotherapy provides insufficient relief, and/or symptoms span more than one season. Immunotherapy based on quantified testing (e.g., dilutional intradermal testing [SET] or in vitro methods [RAST, ELISA]) allows administration ofantigens in a manner that achieves therapeutic antigen doses more rapidly, yet more safely than immunotherapy administered through a schedule that mixes all antigens at the same concentration and advances on an empirical basis. Sixty patients who received at least one year of quantified testing-based immunotherapy were evaluated using a quality of life questionnaire and individual interviews. Changes in physical, social and emotional well-being were determined. Also investigated were changes in productivity and medication usage. The majority of patients noted significant improvement in all areas within four to six months of initiating immunotherapy, and an overwhelming majority felt that such treatment represented a worthwhile investment of their time and money.
Dog bites in a U.S. county: age, body part and breed in paediatric dog bites.

AIM To compare characteristics of gender, age, body part and breed in dog bites. METHODS We reviewed 14 956 dog bites (4195 paediatric) reported to the Allegheny County Health Department, USA, between 2007 and 2015. Using predefined age groups, we performed linear regression to assess for subject age and bite frequency and used binary logistic regression to evaluate for differences in gender and body part. We used chi-squared test with Bonferroni correction to evaluate for differences in reported breeds with age. RESULTS There was a negative correlation (-0.80, r2 = 0.64) between age and bite frequency. Children 0-3 years had a higher odds ratio (OR) of bites to the face [21.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.61-25.33] and a lower OR of bites to the upper (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.12-0.18) and lower (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.14-0.27) extremities. 'Pit bulls' accounted for 27.2% of dog bites and were more common in children 13-18 years (p < 0.01). Shih-Tzu bites were more common in children three years of age and younger (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Dog bites occur with higher frequency at younger ages, and head and neck injuries are more common in younger children. Pit bull bites are more common in adolescents and Shih-Tzu bites more common in younger children.
Considering the Argument that ‘Greed is Good’

Opponents of Capitalism argue that it is an immoral system fueled by greed. Greed is, after all, a biblical sin. In this vision, Greed then becomes Capitalism's Original Sin. Many Catholic thinkers have butted heads with Capitalism by contrasting it with their understanding of Catholic social teachings. This paper will argue that both Capitalism and Catholicism put man’s free will and his God given role as co-creators at the center. Catholic social teaching abundantly defends private property. The defense of markets, profits, and entrepreneurship has become part of Catholic social teaching since Pope John Paul II.
Reliability Demonstration: Testing and Acceptance Procedures

Reliability demonstration is a procedure for testing whether the reliability of a given device (system) at a certain age is sufficiently high. More precisely, a time point t0 and a desired reliability R0 are specified, and we wish to test whether the reliability of the device at age t0, R(t0), satisfies the requirement that R(t0) ≥ R0. If the life distribution of the device is completely known, including all parameters, there is no problem of reliability demonstration — one computes R(t0) exactly and determines whether R(t0) ≥ R0. If, as is generally the case, either the life distribution or its parameters are unknown, then the problem of reliability demonstration is that of obtaining suitable data and using them to test the statistical hypothesis that R(t0) ≥ R0 versus the alternative that R(t0) < R0. Thus, the theory of testing statistical hypotheses provides the tools for reliability demonstration. In the present section we review some of the basic notions of hypothesis testing as they pertain to reliability demonstration.
Epidemiology of and risk factors for pancreatic cancer

In the United States, incidence of and mortality from pancreatic cancer increased for several decades earlier in this century but have tended to level off in recent years. Rates increase with age and are higher in blacks than in whites and higher in men than in women. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of pancreatic cancer, while alcohol consumption largely shows no relationship, coffee consumption shows little, if any, association, and a number of occupational exposures seem to be associated but the results are not fully consistent. Finally, human studies have suggested positive associations with meat consumption and carbohydrate intake and a protective effect of dietary fiber and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Thus, much progress has been made in the last two decades in identifying risk factors, but much epidemiologic work is needed to identify and reduce putative exposures.
Galanin-1-30

Galanin-1-30 is the endogenous human galanin which and has 30 amino acids, whereas in most other species, …
Case of Lumbar Schwannoma Presenting with Isolated Signs and Symptoms of Intracranial Hypertension.

Background Hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension are rare signs of spinal tumors when presenting in isolation, particularly with benign tumors. Case Description Herein reported is a case of a 53-year-old woman who presented with headache, blurry vision, communicating hydrocephalus, and intracranial hypertension. No primary intracranial pathology was identified, and there were no clinical signs or symptoms of intraspinal pathology. Lumbar puncture revealed elevated opening pressure, cerebrospinal fluid protein, and suspected tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, thus prompting spinal imaging. A primary lumbar schwannoma was subsequently determined to underlie her symptoms, which resolved with tumor resection. Conclusions Clinical suspicion of spinal pathology should be maintained in patients with unexplained intracranial hypertension, even in the absence of localizing signs of spinal pathology.
Thermal Stability and Thermoelectric Properties of NaZnSb

A layered Zintl antimonide NaZnSb (PbClF or Cu2Sb structure type; P4/nmm) was synthesized using the reactive sodium hydride NaH precursor. This method provides comprehensive compositional control and facilitates the fast preparation of high-purity samples in large quantities. NaZnSb is highly reactive to humidity/air and hydrolyzes to NaOH, ZnO, and Sb in aerobic conditions. On the other hand, NaZnSb is thermally stable up to 873 K in vacuum, as no structural changes were observed from high-temperature synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data in the 300–873 K temperature range. The unit cell expansion upon heating is isotropic; however, interatomic distance elongation is not isotropic, consistent with the layered structure. Low- and high-temperature thermoelectric properties were measured on pellets densified by spark plasma sintering. The resistivity of NaZnSb ranges from 11 mΩ∙cm to 31 mΩ∙cm within the 2–676 K range, consistent with heavily doped semiconductor behavior, with a narrow band gap of 0.23 eV. NaZnSb has a large positive Seebeck coefficient (244 μV∙K−1 at 476 K), leading to the maximum of zT of 0.23 at 675 K. The measured thermoelectric properties are in good agreement with those predicted by theoretical calculations.
My Heart's in the Highlands / MÃ© srdce je na VysoÄinÄ›

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2007 Pages: 76 Publisher: MA›stskA© kulturnA­ stA™edisko
Incoherent nullification of torus knots and links

In the paper, we study the incoherent nullification number n(L) of knots and links. We establish an upper bound on the incoherent nullification number of torus knots and links and conjecture that ...
Mastering the Grammar of Complex Events: Evidence from Mandarin Resultative Verb Compounds

The Mandarin resultative verb compound (RVC; e.g., tui dao “push fall” and pa shang “climb ascend”) encodes complex events composed of an initiating action and resulting activity or state. This stu...
Abstract TP185: Impact of Age on Revascularization and Early Outcomes Post Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Strokes with Large Vessel Occlusion; A Single Center Real World Data Analysis

Background: Recently, five randomized control trials have demonstrated superiority of endovascular therapy (ET) to medical management in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with anterior circulati...
The Case for Maximizing Long‐Run Shareholder Value

Criticism of the shareholder model of corporate governance stems in part from misunderstanding about what shareholder wealth maximization means for the other stakeholders of public companies. The corporate goal of shareholder wealth maximization does not imply that such stakeholders “do not matter.” Managers maximize shareholder value by maximizing the total expected cash flows available to distribute to all of their stakeholders. To maximize such cash flows, managers must provide their customers with desirable goods and services at attractive prices—which in turn requires that managers attract the employees, suppliers, and financial capital needed to conduct their businesses by providing each of these groups with market‐determined returns on their contributions to firm value. In this way, successful corporations benefit all of their stakeholders, and what is good for the corporation is generally good for society. External forces such as the media and government exert considerable influence on corporate actions and, in so doing, they play a role in helping to limit negative corporate “externalities” such as pollution and climate change. But direct regulation of productive activities should be used sparingly, and subjected to ongoing cost‐benefit analysis. Government regulation replaces the collective decisions of a broad marketplace of stakeholders using their own resources to act in their own interests with decisions made by government officials with complicated incentives and using resources generated by others. More generally, government should seek to regulate corporate actions only in the limited situations in which there are no market solutions for reducing the effects of externalities. For example, government plays a critically important role in identifying and deterring corporate fraud, and in ensuring competition and a level playing field for companies and all their stakeholders.
Drivers' Assessment of Hazard Perception

Encountering dangerous situations while driving is ubiquitous. Existing research suggest that specific populations such as, novice drivers are more prone to errors in detecting and responding to driving hazards. Hazard perception training programs have been developed in attempts to improve or accelerate the acquisition of such skills. However, drivers’ attitudes and knowledge regarding vulnerable populations and hazard perception training programs remain largely unknown. Three-hundred-five participants completed an online survey assessing their beliefs about influential factors affecting hazard detection and response, perceived usefulness and preferred types of training programs, and self-assessment of driving skills. Although many existing training programs are computer-based, participants preferred on-road hazard perception training. Such findings may assist in improving existing programs, which currently fail to show near- and far-transfer effects. Similarly, novice drivers reported being most likely to engage in training programs – possibly linked to their reported high value of the usefulness of such programs and awareness of their vulnerability to commit errors. Although autonomous vehicles should mitigate these errors, researchers and government officials suggest automated vehicles will not be commercially available for 10 years. Therefore, the results of the present study provide insight into drivers’ beliefs about dangerous situations, which may prove useful in developing and improving training programs aimed at mitigating crash risk.
A Regression Discontinuity Design for Studying Divided Government

The regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a valuable tool for identifying causal effects with observational data. However, applying the traditional electoral RDD to the study of divided governme...
A WBG Based Active Reflected Wave Canceller for SiC Motor Drives

The high dv/dt associated with Wide-Bandgap (WBG) devices will lead to more serious reflected wave phenomenon, resulting in overvoltage at the load side. This paper proposes an active reflected wave canceller (ARWC) for SiC motor drives. The proposed solution mitigates the reflected wave phenomenon by injecting a controlled nanoseconds voltage pulse. The proposed ARWC can achieve smaller size and light weight utilizing WBG devices. A testbed has been built to experimentally demonstrate the operation principle of the proposed ARWC circuit.
LixNiO/Ni Heterostructure with Strong Basic Lattice Oxygen Enables Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Pt-like Activity

The low-cost hydrogen production from water electrolysis is crucial to the deployment of sustainable hydrogen economy but is currently constrained by the lack of active and robust electrocatalysts from earth-abundant materials. We describe here an unconventional heterostructure composed of strongly coupled Ni-deficient LixNiO nanoclusters and polycrystalline Ni nanocrystals and its exceptional activities toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolytes. The presence of lattice oxygen species with strong Bronsted basicity is a significant feature in such heterostructure, which spontaneously split water molecules for accelerated Volmer H-OH dissociation in neutral and alkaline HER. In combination with the intimate LixNiO and Ni interfacial junctions that generate localized hotspots for promoted hydride coupling and hydrogen desorption, the catalysts produce hydrogen at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 under overpotentials of only 20, 50, and 36 mV in acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes, respectively, making them among the most active Pt-free catalysts developed thus far. In addition, such heterostructures also exhibited superior activity toward the hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline electrolytes.
Hypomagnesemia is associated with an increased risk of early clinical failure in patients with Burkitt lymphoma.

Magnesium is an essential element that is involved in the regulation of cell growth, division and differentiation. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a diet poor in magnesium is associate...
Analysis of the cytokines' trend in 16 patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Objective To investigate the trend of cytokines in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and analyze its significance.Methods 16 patients with HLH from January 2011 to May 2013 were selected.The patients were divided into remission group and death group by prognosis.Serums of the two groups were collected when they were hospitalized and at 7 th,14 th,21st,28th and 42nd day during chemotherapy,and they were fractionated HLH 1-6 groups and HLH a-d groups again,then the levels of IL-18,IL-10,IL-12,NF-κB,TNF-α and neopterin were tested by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) to analysis their trend.Results The levels of all of cytokines in the remission group declined with chemotherapy,the difference between HLH1 group and another HLH groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In the death group,the levels of NF-κB,IL-12 and neopterin had no downward trend with chemotherapy,and the difference between HLHa group and another HLH groups was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The level of TNF-α declined with chemotherapy,and the differences between HLHa group and HLHc group,HLHa group and HLHd group were statistically significant (P =0.049,0.000).The level of IL-10 declined sharply in the first week of chemotherapy,and the difference between HLHa group and HLHb group was statistically significant (P =0.00).The level of IL-18 declined after the 2nd-weeks' chemotherapy,and the differences between HLHa group and HLHb group,HLHa group and HLHc group were statistically significant (P =0.03,0.02).Conclusions In the remission patients,the levels of serum IL-18,IL-10,IL-12,NF-κB,TNF-α and neopterin declined after chemotherapy.In the death patients,the downward trend is not obvious.It was preliminarily confirmed that the prognosis of HLH is related to the trend of cytokines during chemotherapy. Key words: Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic; Cytokine; Tendency; Prognosis
Misspoken words affect the perception and retrieval of intended words

Everyday speech contains disfluencies, including unintentionally spoken words. What is the fate of the misspoken word in the comprehender’s memory? In this study, we asked whether: (1) the gender o...
A corpus-driven standardization framework for encoding clinical problems with HL7 FHIR

Free-text problem descriptions are brief explanations of patient diagnoses and issues, commonly found in problem lists and other prominent areas of the medical record. These compact representations often express complex and nuanced medical conditions, making their semantics challenging to fully capture and standardize. In this study, we describe a framework for transforming free-text problem descriptions into standardized Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) models. This approach leverages a combination of domain-specific dependency parsers, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) natural language models, and cui2vec Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) concept vectors to align extracted concepts from free-text problem descriptions into structured FHIR models. A neural network classification model is used to classify thirteen relationship types between concepts, facilitating mapping to the FHIR Condition resource. We use data programming, a weak supervision approach, to eliminate the need for a manually annotated training corpus. Shapley values, a mechanism to quantify contribution, are used to interpret the impact of model features. We found that our methods identified the focus concept, or primary clinical concern of the problem description, with an F1 score of 0.95. Relationships from the focus to other modifying concepts were extracted with an F1 score of 0.90. When classifying relationships, our model achieved a 0.89 weighted average F1 score, enabling accurate mapping of attributes into HL7 FHIR models. We also found that the BERT input representation predominantly contributed to the classifier decision as shown by the Shapley values analysis.
Wideband Two-Way Hybrid Doherty Outphasing Power Amplifier

A new type of wideband dual-input hybrid Doherty outphasing power amplifier (HDO-PA) is developed in which the load-modulation scheme continuously converts as the frequency increase, from the previously reported HDO-PA mode with maximum flat efficiency response versus power to the conventional Doherty PA mode. For a symmetric HDO-PA implementation, this corresponds to the peak-to-backoff fundamental voltage ratio of the auxiliary amplifier linearly varying from 9/7 to 2 with frequency. A transmission-line-based wideband HDO-PA prototype is first established at the current-source reference planes to cover the frequency band from 1.4-GHz to 2.5-GHz. The wideband HDO-PA is implemented next at the package reference planes by synthesizing the wideband combiner circuit required to sustain the intrinsic load-modulation behavior across the entire frequency bandwidth. A 1.4-GHz to 2.5-GHz wideband HDO-PA is fabricated and characterized using both continuous-wave and modulated signals. The 6-dB backoff efficiency varies from 60% to 44% and the maximum power from 44.8 dBm to 42.9 dBm as the frequency increases. When the PA is excited with a 20 MHz bandwidth long-term evolution signal at 1.7 GHz with 6.5 dB peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR), the PA achieves an average drain efficiency of 50.3% with −32.0 dBc adjacent-channel-power leakage ratio (ACLR) and an average drain efficiency of 47.8% with −54.0 dBc ACLR after digital predistortion linearization.
Note on Global Regularity for Two-Dimensional Oldroyd-B Fluids with Diffusive Stress

We prove global regularity of solutions of Oldroyd-B equations in two spatial dimensions with spatial diffusion of the polymeric stresses.
Acoustic communication through well-head for an untethered autonomous well logging tool

Untethered autonomous well logging tools have recently been introduced to oilfields. Once deployed into a well, the tools autonomously travel in the well to collect data and return to surface after the mission is completed. A service operator needs to travel to the well-site and open the well cap to check if the tool has returned. This increases the operational time and cost. This can be addressed by implementing a return detector and notifying the operator. Steel well-head construction leaves acoustics as the most viable option for such detection. We demonstrated a proof of concept of acoustic based simplex communication system through well-head. A pair of identical transducers were used as transmitter and receiver that operates at 155 kHz. Transmitter piezo was positioned at the center of a water filled steel wellhead with 7-inch diameter and 0.25-in. wall thickness, while the receiver was taped outside the wellhead with grease to increase acoustic coupling. Transmission loss was measured as -57 dB which was partially compensated by using a receiver amplifier stage with a gain of 1000. Next, the transmitter will be incorporated on a miniaturized untethered well logging tool.
A feasibility study of partial REBOA data in a high-volume trauma center

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to temporize patients with infradiaphragmatic hemorrhage. Current guidelines advise 30 min, vs ≤ 30 min) 46 patients were included, with 14 treated with P-REBOA. There were no demographic differences between P-REBOA and C-REBOA. Prolonged (> 30 min) REBOA (regardless of type of occlusion) was associated with increased mortality (32% vs 0%, p = 0.044) and organ failure. When comparing prolonged P-REBOA with C-REBOA, there was a trend toward lower ventilator days [19 (11) vs 6 (9); p = 0.483] and dialysis (36.4% vs 16.7%; p = 0.228) with significantly less vasopressor requirement (72.7% vs 33.3%; p = 0.026). P-REBOA can be delivered in a clinical setting, but is not currently associated with improved survival in prolonged occlusion. In survivors, there is a trend toward lower organ support needs, suggesting that the technique might help to mitigate ischemic organ injury. More clinical data are needed to clarify the benefit of partial occlusion REBOA.
Changes of Diurnal Rhythms of Social Media Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed many aspects of our lives throughout the world. The Stay-at-Home orders imposed by the pandemic have exacerbated the stress and anxiety during the pandemic. To investigate how the social confinements affect people’s circadian rhythms at the population level, social activities on Twitter were analyzed for three different stages during the COVID-19 pandemic development. Results confirmed the diurnal rhythms of daily tweets before the Stay-at-Home orders, and also found that the diurnal rhythmicity of tweets was severely abolished during the Stay-at-Home orders, and then was restored after reopening. This study has a public health implication that circadian rhythms of the general public were significantly impacted by the social confinements during the COVID-19 pandemic, and circadian health education targeting the general population should be given enough attention and priority.
Beyond self-reflection: introducing the concept of rumination in personal informatics

Personal informatics tools can help users self-reflect on their experiences. When reflective thought occurs, it sometimes leads to negative thought and emotion cycles. To help explain these cycles, we draw from Psychology to introduce the concept of rumination—anxious, perseverative cognition focused on negative aspects of the self—as a result of engaging with personal data. Rumination is an important concept for the Human Computer Interaction community because it can negatively affect users’ well-being and lead to maladaptive use. Thus, preventing and mitigating rumination is beneficial. In this conceptual paper, we differentiate reflection from rumination. We also explain how self-tracking technologies may inadvertently lead to rumination and the implications this has for design. Our goal is to expand self-tracking research by discussing these negative cycles and encourage researchers to consider rumination when studying, designing, and promoting tools to prevent adverse unintended consequences among users.
Short Circuiting the Controller – Missteps in Maintenance and Inspection of Process and Wiring in STS-93

During the launch of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory in 1999, an in-flight anomaly occurred a few seconds after liftoff. A power fluctuation caused two Main Engine controllers to drop offline. Fortunately, due to redundancy, the Space Shuttle Columbia was able to successfully reach orbit and avoid an abort. After the successful deployment of Chandra and the safe return of the crew, investigation revealed that the controller failure was due to a wire short in the payload bay. It was suspected that the Kapton insulation on the wire rubbed off against a burred screw head, the result of overtightening of the screw during a maintenance event 4 to 5 years prior to the STS-93 mission. Vibrations led the abraded wire to short during flight. The Space Shuttle Program was grounded for 4 months while a program-wide inspection and wire chafing mitigation effort of all orbiter wiring ensued.
THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTERING AFRICAN BITTER LEAF EXTRACT ON SPERMATOGENIC CELLS OF HYPERGLYCEMIC WISTAR RATS

Introduction: Diabetes is still a world health problem that can cause many complications. Male infertility is one of the diabetic complications. This condition is caused by oxidative stress in diabetic patients. African bitter leaf is believed to contain an antioxidant compound that can repair male infertility. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of administering African bitter leaf extract on spermatogenic cell count in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Method: This study use Rattus norvegicus as an animal model, which was administrated with alloxan to induce hyperglycemic. P0 group were given Na CMC 0,1%, Control group were given glibenclamide 0,63/kg bodyweight for 14 days. 100mg/kg bodyweight (P1), 200mg/kg (P2), and 400mg/kg (P3) of African bitter leaf extract were administrated for 14 days. In the end, the animals were sacrificed, and testicle histopathologic sections were made. Results: Significant result (P<0,05) comparing spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, and spermatid count between groups. Post-hoc test shows the significant result on comparison of primary spermatocyte and spermatid count between P0 and P1. Conclusions: There is an effect of bitter leaf extract administration on spermatogenic cell count in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. The best improvement can be observed in the P1 group, administered with 100mg/kg bodyweight African bitter leaf.
Hostile attributional tendencies in maltreated children

The hostile attributional tendencies of maltreated children in elementary school across key relationship figures (i.e., parents, teachers, and peers), the relation between children's hostile attributional tendencies and the frequency and severity of maltreatment, and the role of children's hostile attributions of their parents in mediating the relation between maltreatment and children's hostile attributions of unfamiliar peers were examined. The sample consisted of 44 maltreated and 56 nonmaltreated children (females = 51) of mixed ethnicity. Subjects were administered a 20-item measure of attributional processes. The results indicated that relative to nonmaltreated children, physically abused boys were more likely to attribute hostile intentions to a variety of relationship figures, including their parents, an unfamiliar teacher, their best friend, and unfamiliar peers. A positive relation was also found between the frequency of physical abuse and hostile attributional tendencies among males. Finally, support was found for the role of children's hostile attributions of their mothers in mediating the relation between physical abuse and children's hostile attributions of unfamiliar peers. The results support a link between physical abuse and hostile attributional tendencies in children in early elementary school.
Pyruvate kinase of the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis. II. Kinetic properties.

Abstract The kinetic properties of the purified pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) from the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus licheniformis were investigated. Catalysis by this enzyme in vitro required both monovalent and divalent cations and proceeded optimally at pH 7.0 to 7.4. The activity of purified pyruvate kinase was modulated by substrate activation (both P-enolpyruvate and ADP), activation by AMP, and inhibition by ATP, Pi, and carbamyl phosphate. Positive cooperativity was shown for P-enolpyruvate, ADP, ATP, and Pi. The inhibition by ATP yielded sigmoidal saturation curves for both P-enolpyruvate and ADP in the presence of Mg(II) ions. AMP relieved the inhibition caused by ATP, yielding hyperbolic saturation curves for both substrates. The apparent substrate Km values, 0.2 mm for P-enolpyruvate, and 0.7 mm for ADP, for the fully activated enzyme in the presence of Mg(II) were not dependent on the concentration of the second substrate. The kinetic properties observed with Mn(II) as the activating divalent cation were somewhat different than those observed in the presence of Mg(II). The apparent Km for P-enolpyruvate was 7-fold lower in the presence of Mn(II) than the value obtained in the presence of Mg(II). Furthermore, the inhibition of the Mn(II)-activated enzyme by ATP did not alter the hyperbolic nature of the P-enolpyruvate saturation curve and was not relieved by AMP. Therefore, the K type allosteric properties that were observed with Mg(II) as the activating divalent cation were not manifested in the presence of Mn(II).
Democracy and Legal Change

1. Introduction: explaining legal change and entrenchment 2. Innovation and democracy: legal change in ancient Athens 3. Law reform in seventeenth-century England 4. Fallibility and foundations in the American constitution 5. Protecting democracy and dignity in post-war Germany 6. Conclusion: defending democracy against entrenchment.
Characteristics of the protein-keratan sulfate core and of keratan sulfate prepared from bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan.

Abstract Protein-keratan sulfate core was isolated from bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan after enzymatically removing chondroitin sulfate with chondroitinase AC from Flavobacterium heparinum. The core preparation exhibited a broad, approximately Gaussian distribution of buoyant densities in CsCl density gradients (between 1.43 and 1.58 g per ml with an average of 1.51 g per ml). Chemical and physical analyses of subfractions from the density gradient indicate that the core macromolecules have a wide polydispersity in molecular weights (350,000 to 550,000, with an average of 450,000). Molecules with larger molecular weights have greater buoyant densities and higher ratios of keratan sulfate to protein. The data suggest that the core molecules contain a protein (or combination of proteins) with a molecular weight of about 200,000 to which different amounts of keratan sulfate are attached. Differences in average keratan sulfate chain lengths and chain numbers appear to contribute to the polydispersity of the protein-keratan sulfate core. Keratan sulfate was isolated from the core preparation after proteolysis with papain and purification with DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Chemical and physical analyses of the keratan sulfate indicate that the polysaccharide exhibits a large polydispersity of molecular weights with a weight average molecular weight of about 8,500 and a z-average molecular weight of about 11,000, and that polysaccharide molecules with larger molecular weights have higher ratios of glucosamine to galactosamine. Alkali treatment of the keratan sulfate selectively destroys threonine and serine as it does for other skeletal keratan sulfates. After alkaline treatment the keratan sulfate chromatographs on Sephadex G-100 with a higher retention volume, Kd = 0.6, than that for the untreated preparation, Kd = 0.3, which indicates that the sizes of the molecules have been significantly reduced. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the papain-prepared keratan sulfate consists of molecules which contain two polysaccharide chains, each with an average of about six repeat disaccharides, connected through a peptide bridge. Each chain probably contains a terminal sialic acid residue and is attached to the protein with a glycosidic bond between galactosamine and a threonine or serine residue. The high concentration of glutamic acid in the fraction suggests that the polysaccharide chains are also attached in some way to this amino acid. Such a model suggests that the intact proteoglycan macromolecules each contain about 60 keratan sulfate chains of variable lengths built onto the protein core structure.
New and Small Firms in Expanding Markets

The recent expansion of markets and increased standardization has not, as might be expected, been associated with an expansion of the role of larger firms. Recent data on new and small firms has indicated a substantial and expanding role for new and small firms in the global economy. There appear to be substantial differences between sectors, as competitive advantage is some is achieved through aggregation (upsizing) and in others thorough disaggregation (downsizing) of the productive process. New data is providing new knowledge on the role of firm size and age on economic growth. The advanced economices of the future will not be dominated by old, large firms.
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase of human erythrocytes. I. Purification and characterization of normal (B+) enzyme.

Abstract Human erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glucose 6-phosphate:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) was purified by column chromatography with diethylaminoethyl cellulose, calcium phosphate gel, carboxymethyl cellulose, diethylaminoethyl Sephadex, and carboxymethyl Sephadex. A homogeneous preparation was obtained in over-all yield of about 50%. The specific activity (750) and the yield were significantly greater than those so far reported for the enzyme. The sedimentation patterns of analytical ultracentrifugation and interference pattern of sedimentation equilibrium indicated a homogeneous preparation. The sedimentation constant (s20,w) was 10.0 S at a protein concentration of 0.3%. The molecular weight was estimated as 240,000. The molecular weight was about 43,000 in 4 n guanidine-HCl, indicating that the enzyme consisted of six similar size subunits. Removal of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate from the enzyme caused dissociation into inactive (or weakly active) subunits with a molecular weight of about one-half of the native protein. The enzyme was partially inactivated by dilution without dissociating into subnuits. Optimal pH and Michaelis constants for the primary substrates were determined. Analogues of d-glucose 6-phosphate accepted as substrates were 2-deoxy-d-glucose 6-phosphate and d-galactose 6-phosphate. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was a weak substrate. Amino acid composition of the enzyme was determined.