cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization with Cyclophosphamide in Combination with G-CSF, GM-CSF, or Sequential GM-CSF/G-CSF in Non-Hodgkin' s Lymphoma Patients: A Randomized Prospective Study

We designed a randomized, prospective three-arm mobilization study to determine the kinetics of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization in 60 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients primed with cyclophosphamide (CTX) in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (arm A), granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF (arm B) or GM-CSF/G-CSF (arm C). We also compared mobilization and transplant-related toxicities, pre- and post-transplant support and the probability of survival among the three arms. To date, 35 patients have been enrolled in the study; 13 patients have been enrolled in arm A, 10 patients in arm B, and 13 patients in arm C. Successful collection of the target of > or = 2 X 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg in one to four apheresis collections was 10/13, 6/10, and 7/12 in arms A, B, and C, respectively. The differences between arms were not statistically significant. The median time to achieve the target CD34+ cells in patients who successfully mobilized the target CD34+ cells was 3 days, 2 days, and 1 day, in patients in arms A, B, and C, respectively. The time for neutrophil engraftment was 11, 10, and 10 days in arms A, B, and C, respectively. The time for platelet engraftment was 11 days for patients in all arms of the study. Most importantly, no significant differences were observed among the three arms in the duration of neutropenic fever, the extent of mucositis, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting, or in the number of units of platelets or red cells transfused after transplantation. Risk factors associated with poor mobilization were > or = 3 regimens of chemotherapy prior to mobilization, older age, and disease histology (follicular versus diffuse). Therefore, we conclude that the type of growth factor used for mobilization did not play a major role in the outcome of mobilization and recommend mobilizing NHL patients before they receive multiple regimens of chemotherapy.
Beyond WI: Building an integrated communication

To optimize learning to write like engineers, undergraduate engineering students need to develop a conscious awareness of alternative writing practices and their strengths and limitations in different contexts, something that is unlikely to come about either in the workplace alone or in one writing course alone. Needed, then, is an engineering curriculum with writing integrated throughout. What follows is a case study of one attempt to integrate writing throughout the curriculum in a department of civil and environmental engineering. This department's "beyond WI to department-wide" model of writing is still in the early stages; the case study is less a textual account of writing outcomes than it is an account of the sociohistoric institutional conditions that led to the creation of this model and of the reasons for rejecting a model of writing instruction that relies on only two or three writing courses. The model in the case study is contrasted with other models.
Feasibility Study of 316L Stainless Steel for the Ultrasonic Consolidation Process

The viability of using 316L stainless steel in the ultrasonic consolidation process was examined in this work. Ultrasonic consolidation is an additive, free-form manufacturing process that employs ultrasonic welding and machining to form a part. The process ultrasonically joins layers of metal together by welding them one at a time. Once four layers of metal foil are welded together, welding is suspended and the system machines the part outline, and repeats this cycle until a component is completed. Experiments were conducted to determine the feasibility and processing parameters for ultrasonically welding stainless steel. Mechanical testing and optical microscopy were conducted. 316L stainless steel was successfully welded. Increasing welding amplitude and decreasing welding speed were the most effective way to increase weld peel strength. Unlike work in aluminum alloys, these experiments found no relationship between horn force and peel strength. Rough processing windows for ultrasonically welding 316L were identified.
On the relation between blood pressure change and initial value.

Abstract The methods of Feinleib, Halperin and Garrison (FHG) [1,4] and maximum likelihood (ML) [5] were used to analyze the relation between initial value and change over time of serial blood pressure measurements among participants in the Framingham Heart Study [3]. Both methods assume a linear trend in expected blood pressure over time, with variation in intercept and slope over individuals. If individual values of the slope and intercept have a joint normal distribution in the population, the coefficient of regression of slope on initial value over individuals will also be linear. It is shown here that the FHG method tends to underestimate that coefficient of regression. Significantly positive regressions were found under the ML approach while the FHG approach failed to claim significance in most of the age-sex groups analyzed. A direct comparison of the efficacies of the two significance tests shows that the asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) of the FHG and ML procedures is always less than one indicating that the ML test has larger power, i.e. is more likely to detect an association between change and initial value when one exists. These results establish the ML procedure as the preferred method for this problem. Since significantly positive regressions were found in most age groups for both sexes under the ML approach, we infer that there exists some degree of positive association between blood pressure change and initial value. Although the expected increase in the rate of change of systolic blood pressure (SBP) per mmHg increase in initial value is not very great, a younger woman or a middle-aged man with an SBP initial value 20 mmHg higher than the mean initial level of their age-sex group has an expected rate of increase almost twice the mean rate of increase in their groups.
Scattering studies on ribosomes in solution

Ribosomes are organelles that play a central role in protein synthesis. They are complexes of protein and nucleic acid, and can be analysed as two-component systems by neutron scattering. Moreover, ribosomes can be biochemically prepared that have specific proteins deuterated. Both these properties have been exploited to study the structure of the ribosome by neutron scattering. This article reviews the studies carried out on the small ribosomal subunit, and describes a recent study that has resolved a conflict between the results of two classes of experiments.
A comprehensive plan for managed care of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Medicaid is rapidly moving toward managed care throughout the United States and will have a major impact on care programs for those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The experience at the Johns Hopkins HIV Care Service is an example of the transition from fee-for-service to managed care. The Maryland Medicaid program, which has required enrollment of all Medicaid recipients since June 1997, uses an adjusted payment rate and separately funds protease inhibitors. Elements that made the transition to a managed care organization possible included the early development of a comprehensive network of services and a database showing that historical Medicaid payments were low compared with the statewide experience. Our Medicaid managed care program promotes unlimited access to specialists, rejects the gatekeeper concept for any service, and includes an open formulary. Nevertheless, it is uncertain that the services now provided can be sustained with anticipated reductions in payments that seem inevitable with Medicaid policies here and nationally.
SU‐GG‐T‐23: Feasibility of an Online Adaptive Replanning Scheme for Pancreatic Cancer Radiotherapy

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of using an online adaptive replanning scheme to address interfractional variations in pancreatic cancerradiotherapy (RT). Method and Materials: We have previously developed an online adaptive replanning scheme which has been implemented in a planning system (RealART, Prowess Inc.). Using this system, we analyzed daily pre‐treatment CTs acquired for representative pancreatic cancer patients treated with gated RT with the guidance of a gated CT‐on‐Rails (CTVision, Siemens) for repositioning. Acquisitions of all daily CTs and the planning CT were synchronized at the end of exhale to minimize respiration motion. Contours of the targets and critical structures were generated on daily CTs by populating planning contours based on deformable registration with manual editing if necessary. For each daily CT set, two plans were created: adaptive plan generated with RealART and repositioning plan by copying the original plan with the repositioning shifts considered. PTV margins of 5 and 10 mm were used for the adaptive and repositioning plans, respectively. The repositioning plans represent those for the current IGRT practice. Two plans were compared. Results: The adaptive plans are in general superior than the repositioning plans in terms of both target coverage and critical structure sparing. For example, while target coverage are similar in both plans, the mean dose for left and right kidneys are 11.3Gy and 13.9Gy for adaptive plan, and 12.6Gy and 19.1Gy for the repositioning plan. Liver mean dose is reduced from 15.2Gy for the repositioning plan to 11.0Gy for the adaptive plan. Conclusion: The online adaptive replanning scheme is effective to account for interfractional variations in pancreatic cancerradiotherapy. Further developments includes tools capable of rapidly delineating targets and critical structures and algorithms to account for multi organ independent dislocation and deformation.
Microbial diversity in modern marine stromatolites, Highborne Cay, Bahamas

Summary Living marine stromatolites at Highborne Cay, Bahamas, are formed by microbial mat communities that facilitate precipitation of calcium carbonate and bind and trap small carbonate sand grains. This process results in a laminated structure similar to the layering observed in ancient stromatolites. In the modern marine system at Highborne Cay, lamination, lithification and stromatolite formation are associated with cycling between three types of microbial com- munities at the stromatolite surface (Types 1, 2 and 3, which range from a leathery microbial mat to micro- bially fused sediment). Examination of 923 universal small-subunit rRNA gene sequences from these com- munities reveals that taxonomic richness increases during transition from Type 1 to Type 3 communities, supporting a previous model that proposed that the three communities represent different stages of mat development. The phylogenetic composition also changes significantly between these community types and these community changes occur in concert with variation in biogeochemical rates. The dominant bacterial groups detected in the stromatolites include Alphaproteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes. In addition, the stromatolite com- munities were found to contain novel cyanobacteria that may be uniquely associated with modern marine stromatolites. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of current models for stro- matolite formation.
A Replication Study of Item Selection for the Bem Sex Role Inventory.

An attempt was made to replicate the selection of items for the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). The 20 masculine, 20 feminine, and 20 neutral items of the BSRI were rated for social desirability "in...
Global mercury flux from volcanic and geothermal sources

Abstract The global Hg flux from natural sources is poorly known. We present data on Hg levels in volcanic fumaroles that, in combination with sulfur analyses and published SO 2 flux data, lead to new global Hg flux estimates. The volcanogenic Hg flux from passively degassing volcanoes is small (30 Mg Hg/yr). The flux from erupting volcanoes is much larger but less well constrained; we estimate it at about 800 Mg/yr. These data are interpreted as evidence for early Hg degassing from magmas. Geothermal sources contribute roughly 60 Mg/yr Hg to the atmosphere, an estimate based on average Hg contents of hot springs and global convective heat transport. Total natural Hg emissions from land amount to 1290 Mg/yr, including a revised soil vapor flux of 400 Mg/yr. Estimates of anthropogenic contributions to the atmospheric Hg budget vary between 3000 and 11 500 Mg/yr and are substantial compared to our natural Hg flux estimate.
Rimming flow of a viscoelastic liquid inside a rotating horizontal cylinder

Abstract The flow of a simple liquid coating the inside of a horizontal, steadily rotating cylinder is investigated. The theory, in combination with the experiments, allows us to determine the complex viscosity η*Ω of the liquid, characterizing its viscoelastic properties. In the theory, rigid rotation of the flow in the absence of gravity is perturbed with small gravity. This includes the perturbation of the free surface as well as the stress. The representation of the functional derivation of the stress by integrals is assumed. No restriction on the fluid memory is made. In the experiment, a continuous trace of the liquid film thickness as a function of the angle is produced. The liquid film thickness is measured by light absorption. The complex viscosity η*Ω obtained from the free-surface shape and the theory is compared with the corresponding result from measurements on an oscillating cone-and-plate rheometer for two viscoelastic polymer solutions (TLA 227 and STP). Some qualitative experimental results on the stability phenomena are presented showing the formation of liquids cells when the cylinder is rotating slowly.
Structural repair and strengthening of damaged RC beams with sprayed FRP

Abstract This study investigates the load capacity, ductility and energy absorption aspects of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with sprayed fiber-reinforced polymer composites (SFRP). It is also intended to assess the feasibility of using SFRP for repair and strengthening of damaged RC beams. A series of three-point bending tests were conducted on both damaged (precracked) and undamaged RC beams to evaluate the performance of deteriorated RC beams after application of SFRP and to examine the influence of SFRP parameters on the performance of RC beams. The parameters in the experimental program were coating thickness, fiber length, fiber materials and fiber loading. The tests yielded complete load–deflection curves from which the increase in load capacity and the energy absorption was evaluated. The results show that SFRP is capable of substantially increasing the load capacity, ductility and energy absorbing capacity strength, and is effective in strengthening and repair of damaged RC beams. The results of the investigation will be used to develop design guidelines governing the use of SFRP for repair and strengthening of damaged RC beams.
Choroidal rete mirabile function and resistance to retinal oxygen toxicity in fish.

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that resistance to O2 toxicity in teleost fish retina is directly related to choroidal rete mirabile function and to the chronically elevated PO2 at the retina. We tested this hypothesis in several species of fish with varying degrees of rete development. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on O2 consumption, Na+-, K+-ATPase activity and the ERG was recorded. Hyperbaric oxygen had no effect on the ERG of either the flounder, which has a large rate and elevated PO2, or the eel, which has no rete. Exposure to hyperbaric oxygen for 6 hr attenuated by 50% the ERG of the goosefish which has a small rete (retinal PO2 = 90 mmHg). Hyperbaric oxygen abolished the b-wave of the dogfish ERG and attenuated the skate b-wave by 80%. Elasmobranchs have no rete and low retinal PO2. Hyperbaric oxygen had no effect on O2 consumption and ATPase activity in any species studied. The ERG data supported the hypothesis that resistance to oxygen toxicity by the teleost retina is an adaptation to a chronically elevated PO2 generated by the choroidal rete.
The corporate planning process of the regulated utility companies

Abstract The utilization of corporate planning models has been increasingly important to the utility industry due to the uncertainty of energy prices, regulations, financing and the long lead time associated with the construction of power plants. This paper provides an overview of the concept, developments and how the corporate planning models are utilized by the regulated utility companies in the United States and benefits derived from utilization of corporate planning models by several electric utility companies.
Alcohol and tobacco as public health challenges in a democracy

In this article reviewing lessons for alcohol policy making and research from recent tobacco policy, I propose to broaden how we think about public health policy
Believe in magic: creating a shift substitution system with no budget

This paper describes the process Lab Services at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville used to create a shift substitution system, including the requirements needed and the technical reasons for changing certain policies.
How do you approach seizures in the high altitude traveler

Abstract Maa, Edward H. How do you approach seizures in the high altitude traveler. High Alt. Med. Biol. 12:13–19, 2011.—Counseling patients who suffer first-time or break- through seizures can be difficult, particularly when controllable external factors may be contributing to the lowering of their seizure threshold. High altitude as a potential trigger for seizures is a common question in our epilepsy clinics in Colorado, and this article reviews the existing anecdotal literature, presents our local experience with high altitude seizures (HAS), offers possible mechanisms to explain how high altitude may trigger seizures, and suggests an initial work-up and prophylactic strategies for future high altitude exposures.
Oral allergy syndrome: a clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenge

Objectives To provide a review of the literature and discuss the clinical, pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges of oral allergy syndrome (OAS). Data Sources English-language publications on OAS (and pollen-food allergy syndrome) were identified through MEDLINE and through the reference lists of each identified article and review. Study Selection Articles pertaining to OAS with respect to its varied clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, available and investigational diagnostic testing, and evidence-based treatment options were selected. Results OAS occurs in patients with a prior cross-reactive aeroallergen sensitization and clinically presents with initial oral-pharyngeal symptoms after ingestion of a triggering fruit or vegetable. Although controversial, these symptoms may progress to systemic symptoms outside the gastrointestinal tract in 8.7% of patients and anaphylactic shock in 1.7%. OAS's underlying pathophysiology may play a role in clinical presentation and outcome, depending on whether the cross-reactive protein is a heat-labile PR-10 protein, a partially labile profilin, or a relatively heat-stable lipid transfer protein. Diagnostic testing is variable based on the underlying food tested, but fresh food skin prick test typically has the highest sensitivity. Treatment centers on avoidance and the consideration of self-injectable epinephrine. Because of its relationship with a cross-reactive aeroallergen sensitization, subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy have also been therapeutically tried with mixed results. Conclusion OAS is a challenging diagnosis to the practicing allergist because of its many clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Understanding these challenges and their underlying mechanisms can facilitate a knowledgeable approach to treating an oral allergy patient.
Influence of Gender on Physiologic Response and Accuracy of Dobutamine Echocardiography

Dobutamine echocardiography (DE) has been shown to be safe, feasible, and accurate for identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) in mixed populations. The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in physiologic response and accuracy of DE. We studied 2,886 consecutive DEs, performed in 2,748 patients, 1,209 of whom (44%) were women. A standard incremental protocol (5 to 40 μg/kg/min in 3-minute stages) was followed by atropine and/or an additional stage with 50 μg/kg/min, if the heart rate response was inadequate. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic findings were recorded at each stage. Three hundred sixty-nine patients without previous cardiac intervention (including 135 women) also underwent cardiac catheterization within 1 year of DE. Significant coronary stenoses (defined angiographically as >50% diameter) were present in 67% of women and 65% of men, of whom 55% and 65%, respectively, had multivessel disease. Women had a higher baseline heart rate (76 ± 13 vs 73 ± 14 beats/min, p <0.0001), and showed a more rapid increase in heart rate at low dose, with a higher age-predicted maximum heart rate at peak. This led to test termination at target heart rate but a submaximum dose in 22% of women versus 15% of men (p <0.0001) and less frequent administration of atropine (29% vs 34%, p <0.01). Dose-limiting side effects (8% vs 7%) and submaximum heart rate responses (14% vs 17%) were comparable in men and women. Even after the exclusion of negative DE at submaximal heart rate responses, the overall sensitivity was significantly lower in women than men (78% vs 88%, p <0.05), both for single (72% vs 78%, p <0.05) and for multivessel disease (82% vs 93%, p <0.05). The low specificity in both genders (55% vs 46%) probably reflected post-test referral bias. Thus, physiologic responses to dobutamine stress are comparable in men and women, except for a more rapid heart rate response in women, but the accuracy of DE for diagnosis of CAD in women is less than in men.
The clinical usefulness of high-resolution manometry for the management of achalasia.

Introduction: For many years, the assessment of esophageal motility relied on conventional manometry, typically performed through catheters with limited spatial resolution (pressure transducers spaced 5 cm apart). High-resolution manometry (HRM) uses a large number of closely spaced pressure sensors. This arrangement enables continuous monitoring of the entire pressure profi le from the pharynx to the stomach. Advances in computer processing have allowed this increased amount of data to be displayed as spatiotemporal plots rather than simple line graphs; these HRM pressure topography plots are considered more intuitive and may decrease interpretation time, and they provide a simpler and faster way to perform manometry because the “pull through” required to identify the lower esophageal sphincter and position the conventional manometry catheter is obviated [1]. Moreover, HRM provides accurate measurement of the esophageal sphincters in the presence of esophageal shortening or catheter displacement because the closely spaced sensors provide continuous monitoring of all pressure zones. Finally, HRM pressure topography can distinguish between luminal pressurization due to muscular contractions and that caused by retained bolus material [2]. Studies in healthy volunteers recently have defi ned normal fi ndings for esophageal peristalsis [3] and esophagogastric junction dynamics [4], and a classifi cation of esophageal motility disorders based on pressure topography has begun to take shape [5]. This classifi cation includes three achalasia subtypes based on HRM topography fi ndings in the esophageal body: negligible pressurization, pan-esophageal pressurization, and spastic contractions. Understandably, HRM has generated much enthusiasm. However, studies clearly documenting the advantages of this technique over conventional manometry in the clinical setting have been lacking. The study discussed here by Pandolfi no et al. addresses the usefulness of HRM in the management of achalasia.
Sport Education: physical education for the new millennium?

The purpose of this review was to establish what is currently known about the effect of the Sport Education (SE) curriculum model (Siedentop, 1994a) on various indices of student learning in physical education. A total of 62 peer-reviewed journal articles pertaining to the SE model were collected and separated into two broad categories of theoretical/application articles (n = 34) and data-based empirical studies (n = 28). This review of the 28 empirical SE studies highlights the effectiveness of the model in facilitating student engagement within student-centered learning tasks of the curriculum. Evidence suggests that SE, with its emphasis on persistent team membership, promotes personal and social development in the form of student responsibility, cooperation and trust skills. Student leadership within the model has been identified as potentially problematic for effective content development and the promotion of equitable participation. Further research is required to examine the dynamics of peer intera...
Experimental study of embedded insulated antennas

Experimental studies are reported of several coaxial structures useful us embedded antennas and transmission lines. These include the insulated coaxial line with extended inner conductor, the insulated dipole with choke section, and the insulated sleeve dipole. The purpose of the experiments is to confirm theoretical calculations that involve numerous approximations.
Near-zone Back-scattering from large spheres

For an incident electromagnetic plane wave, the near-zone behaviour of the backscattered field produced by a perfectly conducting sphere is investigated for small wavelengths. The backscattered cross-section becomes appreciably different when the receiver approaches to within a distance of several radii from the center of the sphere, and in fact becomes the cross-section of a flate plate for the receiver very near the sphere.
Bifurcations of optimal solutions for coordinated robotic systems: Numerical and homotopy methods

This paper presents the relatively rich and interesting bifurcation structure that is present in the nature of optimal solutions to a multi-robot formation control problem. The problem considered is a two point nonlinear boundary-value problem that can only be solved numerically. Since common numerical solution techniques such as the shooting method are local in nature and hence are difficult to use to find multiple solutions, an alternative formulation of the problem is presented that can be solved through homotopy methods for polynomial systems. These methods are guaranteed to find all solutions within the resolution of the system description's discretization. Specifically, this paper studies a group of unicycle-like autonomous mobile robots operating in a 2-dimensional obstacle-free environment. Each robot has a predefined initial state and final state and the problem is to find the optimal path between two states for every robot. The path is optimized with respect to the control effort and the deviation from a desired formation. The bifurcation parameter is the relative weight given to penalizing the deviation from the desired formation versus control effort. It is shown that as this number varies, bifurcations of solutions are obtained. Considering the common use of optimization methods in robotic navigation and coordination problems, understanding the existence and structure of bifurcating and multiple solutions is of great importance in robotics.
Crowdsourcing power plant carbon dioxide emissions data

Information on greenhouse gas emissions from the world's power plants is surprisingly limited. Publicly available information such as exact location, fuel, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions varies in comprehensiveness and quality from country to country. A research group at Arizona State University (ASU) is attempting to solve this problem by leveraging crowdsourcing.
NEMATOCYSTS OF THE SEA ANEMONE METRIDIUM.

Six types of nematocysts and their nematocytes in tentacles and acontia of the sea anemone Metridium senile fimbriatum were studied by electron microscopy. Microbasic b-mastigophores, microbasic amastigophores, and basitrichs have one fundamental feature in common: a straight, complexly-folded shaft with dense spines pointing apically. An additional resemblance between a b-mastigophore and a basitrich is the possession of a long, narrow, coiled thread bearing spines. An amastigophore is characterized by a short, looped, unspined thread and a cup-shaped granular matrix. Atrich and holotrich nematocysts have a coiled, spined tube of uniform diameter which lies in an evenly granular matrix filling the entire capsule. The above five nematocysts have three flaps at the apex of the capsule which open upon discharge, and each nematocyte possesses a flagellum with which is associated one or two centrioles and a striated rootlet. The long rootlet of the b-mastigophorebearing nematocyte passes through a circular band of fibrils surrounding the neck region of the capsule, and the short rootlet of the atrich lies in a dense fibrous sheath surrounding all but the apex of the capsule. The spirocyst differs from the other nematocysts in having a thin, ridged, singlewalled capsule; an inverted tube containing bundles of tubules; an apical disk covered only by a thin layer of granular material and the nematocyst membrane; and the absence of a flagellum in its nematocyte. Theories of excitation and mechanism of discharge of nematocysts and the function of spirocysts are discussed in the light of this and other recent studies of the fine structure of nematocysts. Special attention is drawn to the probable role of the folds in the walls of shaft and thread in increasing the length of the tube upon discharge.
Detection and expression of the phosphonate transporter gene phnD in marine and freshwater picocyanobacteria

We describe a PCR-based assay designed to detect expression of the phosphonate assimilation gene phnD from picocyanobacteria. The phnD gene encodes the phosphonate binding protein of the ABC-type phosphonate transporter, present in many of the picocyanobacterial genome sequences. Detection of phnD expression can indicate a capacity of picoplankton to utilize phosphonates, a refractory form of phosphorus that can represent 25% of the high-molecular-weight dissolved organic phosphorus pool in marine systems. Primer sets were designed to specifically amplify phnD sequences from marine and freshwater Synechococcus spp., Prochlorococcus spp. and environmental samples from the ocean and Laurentian Great Lakes. Quantitative RT-PCR from cultured marine Synechococcus sp. strain WH8102 and freshwater Synechococcus sp. ARC-21 demonstrated induction of phnD expression in P-deficient media, suggesting that phn genes are regulated coordinately with genes under phoRB control. Last, RT-PCR of environmental RNA samples from the Sargasso Sea and Pacific Ocean detected phnD expression from the endemic picocyanobacterial population. Synechococcus spp. phnD expression yielded a depth-dependent pattern following gradients of P bioavailability. By contrast, the Prochlorococcus spp. primers revealed that in all samples tested, phnD expression was constitutive. The method described herein will allow future studies aimed at understanding the utilization of naturally occurring phoshonates in the ocean as well as monitoring the acquisition of synthetic phosphonate herbicides (e.g. glyphosate) by picocyanobacteria in freshwaters.
A New Shopper Typology: Utilitarian and Hedonic Perspectives

Abstract The purpose of this study was to classify retail shoppers based on utilitarian and hedonic shopping orientations, and to profile the shopper groups in terms of demographic characteristics and shopping outcomes. The data for this study were collected via online survey in the United States. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the measurement model of shopping orientations. A cluster analysis identified groups of retail store shoppers (n=987) based on shopping orientations. Using Ward's method in hierarchical clustering procedure, clusters were formed based on five shopping orientations (aesthetic, shopping enjoyment, convenience seeking, sale proneness, and smart shopping). Then, the K-means clustering procedure with the initial seeds provided by the hierarchical analysis solution obtained final clusters. The final clusters were evaluated and compared in terms of demographic characteristics and shopping outcomes. Chi-square analysis compared demographic characteristics (gender,...
Fine structure of the corpus luteum of pregnancy in the gerbil ( Meriones unguiculatus )

Corpora lutea from gerbils on days 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 of pregnancy were studied electron microscopically. Similarly, luteal tissue from animals on the day of parturition and one day postpartum was studied (gestation: 24 days ± 8–24h). Agranular endoplasmic reticulum increases in quantity through day 16 and thereafter is somewhat reduced. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and a population of small granules (type I) become abundant during late pregnancy and their possible role in the production and storage of relaxin is discussed. Luteal tissue undergoes a relatively rapid regression which begins on the day of parturition. Conspicuous in the regressing luteal tissue are large (type II) granules (possibly lysosomes), lipid droplets, leucocytic elements and macrophages. Functional correlates of these morphological findings are discussed.
The Perils of a 17 KeV Neutrino

Recent measurements of low Q-value beta decay spectra have again suggested the existence of a 17 KeV neutrino. Here we examine a large body of constraints, arising from astrophysics, cosmology, nuclear physics and elementary particle physics, on this particle. By comparing the derived bounds on its lifetime, decay modes and possible electromagnetic properties with a variety of model speculations on its nature, we conclude that such a particle is unlikely. Conversely, if such a neutrino were shown conclusively to exist, it would have profound implications for the nature of the symmetry breaking in the weak leptonic sector. It would most probably imply the existence of physical Goldstone bosons.
Integrative Leadership in the Public Sector A Model of Performance-Information Use

This article proposes a new model for understanding leadership in the public sector. The integrative approach to leadership focuses on how leaders choose, promote, institutionalize, and use public management systems, and reform those in time. Using data from a 50-state survey, this article explores the role of integrative leadership in one of the most popular reforms of government in recent years, managing for results. The findings suggest that leadership does indeed matter to the use of performance information in decision making and offer insights into how and when leadership matters.
Chlorpromazine metabolism. IX. Pharmacokinetics of chlorpromazine following oral administration in man

A single oral dose (120 mg/m2) of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride was administered to four healthy subjects and the blood levels of Chlorpromazine were determined with time. Appropriate equations describing the two-compartment open model with zero-order absorption and the two-compartment model with first-order absorption, both with a lag time, were fitted to the observed data using weighted nonlinear least-squares regression analysis. Fitting the two-compartment model with zero-order absorption and a lag time to the observed data resulted in a significant reduction of the weighted sum of squared deviations, i.e., better correlation between the observed and calculated data, and a closer random scatter of the observed concentration data around the calculated curve with no apparent systematic deviations from the curve. These results suggest that Chlorpromazine absorption is zero order. Chlorpromazine began to appear in the systemic circulation after a mean lag time of 0.4 hr and continued to be absorbed for approximately 2.9 hr. The mean half-lives of the distribution and elimination phases were 1.63 and 17.7 hr, respectively.
Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Epigenetics is the study of changes in phenotype or gene expression that take place outside of the DNA sequence. Examples of epigenetic phenomena include the methylation of DNA, acetylation of histones involved in DNA packaging, and the production of microRNAs. Collectively, these processes can alter gene transcription and translation, post-translational modifications, and insertional mutagenesis in order to modify health and disease. In recent years, tremendous in vivo and in vitro evidence has accumulated that replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the production of RNA intermediates, as well as antigen expression can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, an understanding of the epigenetic regulation of HBV has already been applied toward new approaches in vivo and in small animal models for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). These approaches are important steps toward translating this knowledge into improved therapies for humans suffering from this infection, which is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality globally.
On an “Unintelligible” Idea: Donald Davidson's Case Against Experiential Foundationalism

A particular belief is basic j u s t in case i t is epistemically justified and it owes its justification to something other than one’s other justified beliefs or their interrelations; a belief is nonbasic just in case it is epistemically justified but not basic. Foundationalists agree that if one has a nonbasic belief, thenat rock bottom-it owes i ts justification to at least one basic belief. There a re justified beliefs because and only because there are basic beliefs. Such is the genus Foundationalism. One species is Experiential Foundationalism, the view that a basic belief can owe its justification to experience.’ Donald Davidson rejects Experiential Foundationalism. Experience, he says, cannot be a “reason” or, more generally, an “epistemological basis” or “ground or source of justification” of a belief; indeed, the very idea of experience justifying belief is “unintelligible,” according to Davidson. In this essay, I assess his arguments for this conclusion. Three stage-setting remarks are in order. First, most critics of Foundationalism-including Davidson-are not skeptics. Indeed, one frequently hears tha t because Foundationalism implies skepticism, it should be rejected. As it turns out, however, many of the epistemic principles that Davidson relies on in his attack on Experiential Foundationalism have radically skeptical implications. In what follows, I will assume without argument that these implications suffice to reject those principles. Second, Davidson says that he concludes that the very idea of experience justifying belief is “unintelligible,” but he can’t mean that . That’s because his reasons for rejecting
Multi-vessel coronary disease and percutaneous coronary intervention.

The goal of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is to provide a safe, effective, less invasive alternative to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). When introduced by Andreas Gruentzig 25 years ago, he envisioned the procedure to be a technique that would delay the need for CABG until severe multi-vessel coronary disease was present. Over the years, technological advances in equipment and devices have improved safety as well as short and long term outcomes. This has greatly expanded the indications for the technique and allowed more arteries to be accessible to effective treatment with better patient outcomes. In addition, developments in adjuvant pharmacotherapy have further improved outcomes of percutaneous procedures. The results of many large trials in the 1990s have shown that percutaneous intervention can be equally successful when compared to the “gold standard” CABG for patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. Now with advances in coronary stent technology, including drug eluting stents, multi-vessel angioplasty is set to make another leap forward with further expansion of the indications and improved outcomes. Approximately two thirds of patients who require revascularisation have multi-vessel disease and two thirds of these have anatomy that is amenable to treatment by percutaneous or open heart procedures.1 Both techniques have been shown to be relatively safe and highly effective in relieving angina, and have similar mortality and myocardial infarction rates; however, all the major studies have shown fewer additional revascularisation procedures in patients who undergo open heart surgery.1 It is widely anticipated that the gap in repeat procedures may begin to close with the advent of drug eluting stents. When approaching a patient with multi-vessel coronary artery disease there are many factors that should be considered. First, these patients have a less favourable long term outcome; they have increased procedural risk, and increased procedural complexity.2 …
A further investigation of familiarization effects on ECS-produced retrograde amnesia

The effectiveness of a single posttrial electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in producing retrograde amnesia (RA) of a one-trial passive avodiance response for rats given three trials of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 37.5 sec familiarized (FAM) with the apparatus prior to training was investigated. The results indicate that FAM of up to 37.5 sec duration does not significantly affect ECS-produced RA, all FAM-ECS groups having shorter latencies than the corresponding pseudo-ECS control groups.
Microalloying by ion-beam mixing

Abstract We have investigated ion-induced atomic mixing process as an alternative approach to conventional rapid quenching techniques for producing thin film metastable alloys. Multi-layered samples consisting of thin alternate layers of two elements were bombarded with energetic Xe ions. Formation of metastable phases such as supersaturated solid solutions and amorphous alloys were obtained as a result of atomic mixing. The systems under investigation are binary couples of Au and one of the fourth-period transition metals, Ni, Co, Fe or V. For samples irradiated at R.T., metastable crystalline phases were usually formed. In the AuNi and AuCo systems, single-phase f.c.c. solid solutions over an entire range of composition have been produced. In the AuFe and AuV systems, the Au-rich alloys showed a f.c.c. structure while the Fe (or V)-rich alloys showed a b.c.c. structure. The simultaneous presence of a f.c.c. phase and a b.c.c. phase was found in alloys with compositions Au38Fe62 and Au40V60. For samples irradiated at LN2 temperature, the structures of the alloys were found to be more random in nature. Amorphous phases of compositions Au25Co75 and Au40V60 were obtained. Comparisons of results observed on various systems indicate that the formation and structure of metastable phases are strongly influenced by the equilibrium nature of the system.
An ethic of care: A framework for ethical decision making with survivors of sexual assault

Abstract In this paper, the use of influence is examined as it applies to social work practice with survivors of sexual assault in a college community. A case example is used to illustrate the dilemma of conflicting client and community needs, and the ethic of care is proposed as a guideline for ethical decision‐making.
The Next Generation of Combat Casualty Care

Abstract : With many new faces and multiple changes in the military research leadership, right now is a perfect time to reassess combat casualty care research and our goals for the next generation. Since September 11, 2001, we have made huge strides in combat casualty care, with advances in the design and deployment of tourniquets and hemostatic dressings, implementation of damage control resuscitation (DCR) and the joint theater trauma system (JTTS), and improvements in burn and tactical combat casualty care. By addressing some of the most pressing research issues confronting us at the start of Operation Enduring Freedom, we have reinforced the foundation of combat casualty care, and as we have witnessed improved outcomes for our wounded warriors, we have built momentum. So, now we must ask ourselves, where do we go from here?
Effect of brine composition on recovery of Moutray crude oil by waterflooding

Abstract The effect of brine composition on oil recovery by waterflooding is under investigation. Wettability states of cores used in this study were achieved by aging with Moutray crude oil. Two brine compositions were tested, 4% NaCl + 0.5% CaCl 2 and 2% CaCl 2 ; they are referred to as Brine 1 and Brine 2, respectively. Tests in which the same brine was used throughout are referred to as standard waterfloods and standard imbibition tests. Those in which the brine composition is changed one or more times during the test are referred to as mixed-brine tests. In standard waterfloods, Brine 2 gave 5.5% higher waterflood recovery than Brine 1. Imbibition rate tests showed that Brine 2 gave less water-wet conditions than Brine 1. For mixed-brine waterfloods, Berea Sandstone gave waterflood recoveries of Moutray crude oil ranging from 59–72% of original oil-in-place (OOIP), according to the choice of initial and injected brine compositions and initial water saturation. Changes in brine composition can be favorable to recovery as compared to standard waterfloods. For Moutray/brine/Berea systems, waterflood recoveries were improved significantly if the core was initially equilibrated with Brine 2 and subsequently flooded first with Brine 1 and then with Brine 2. The effects of brine composition are highly specific to the crude oil and aging conditions. Standard waterfloods with Brine 1 and Brine 2 gave a difference of 15% OOIP for an Alaskan crude oil, but with Brine 1 giving the higher recovery and less water-wet conditions than Brine 2.
Symmetries and detailed balance in forward–backward semiclassical dynamics

Abstract Symmetry properties of time correlation functions within the forward–backward semiclassical dynamics (FBSD) approximation are considered. It is shown that FBSD autocorrelation functions of momentum and position-dependent operators satisfy rigorously the time symmetry relation of the quantum mechanical expression. The detailed balance condition follows from this symmetry in the special case where the density is given by the Boltzmann operator. The derived properties are illustrated with numerical simulations on liquid neon.
Impact of replacing Sn-Ag bumps with Cu pillars on the BEoL Cu/Low-k fracture under reflow - A computational study

Replacing Silicon Dioxide (SiO 2 ) with low-k and ultralow-k (ULK), as a dielectric, in the Back-End-Of-Line (BEoL) has allowed the trend of miniaturization and convergence to continue. Although using low-k and ULK greatly increases the device performance, being mechanically weak these dielectric materials pose a serious challenge from the reliability standpoint. Delamination along the metal-dielectric interfaces and crack propagation in the dielectric layers has been widely observed during cooling from higher temperatures and thermal excursions. Moreover, as scaling of components continues, higher density interconnects and pitch <; 130μm are needed and manufacturers are focusing on copper (Cu) pillars to achieve tighter pitches. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effect of replacing solder bumps with Cu pillars on the fracture behavior of the BEoL dielectric. This provides the impetus for this work. In this study, a 3D finite element (FE) fracture analysis is performed to demonstrate the thermo-mechanical response of the BEoL region of a flip chip package with Cu pillars (CuP). Crack propagation in the low-k layers is analyzed under the loading when the die is attached to the substrate (reflow). J-integral obtained from the FE analysis is utilized to quantify the impact of replacing solder bumps with Cu-pillars in future high density portable devices.