cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Training Program for Entry-Level Non-Supervisory School Food Service Personnel

Abstract The effectiveness of a 6-hour basic skill-training program for entry-level, non-supervisory school food service personnel was evaluated. Knowledge gained after the training program was evaluated using a post-then-pre test instrument. A 5-point Likert scale with I being no knowledge and 5 being complete knowledge was used to measure knowledge gained. One month after the training program participants with less than 6-months food service experience and their supervisors rated the participants' application of key concepts taught. A 5-point Likert scale with 1 being almost never and 5 being almost always was used. Data were obtained from 227 of the 284 who completed the training program and agreed to participate. Mean post-test ratings ranged from 4.5–5.0 for all knowledge statements. Mean gain scores ranged from 0.4 to 1.6. The gain scores were higher for all knowledge statements regardless of length of employment in food service. Mean ratings of the application of key concepts indicated that employees were using the skills taught on the job. All statements were rated 4.5 or higher by both employees and supervisors. When asked to rate how well the training program prepared participants for their position, 97.1% and 94.2% of the participants and supervisors, respectively, rated the training program as either good or excellent. Results indicated that training programs are important for all employees regardless of years of food service experience.
Sex Differences in Retrieval Behavior by the Biparental Convict Cichlid

Biparental species occasionally demonstrate a division of roles in which parents perform sex-typical tasks, with females offering direct care and spending the majority of their time with the offspring while males are more indirect in their care, providing the majority of defense against potential brood predators. To examine the flexibility in the sex-typical roles shown by convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata), we displaced non-swimming young at three different distances from the nest and then analyzed the retrieval behaviors of each parent. Retrieval of altricial young is a behavior commonly used to measure parental care in mammalian studies, but has rarely been used in other taxa. We found sex differences in retrieval behavior: on average, females retrieved young close to the nest and males retrieved young far from the nest. This difference in parental contribution suggests a division of labor with sex-specific roles. Sex differences may be due to proximity to young and/or apparent risk of offspring predation. Additionally, we found that latency to first retrieval and total time spent retrieving young remained consistent across the various displacement distances, suggesting that retrieval is an essential parental behavior. Additionally, we include observations of wriggler retrieval by parents in a natural population of Costa Rican convict cichlids.
An eyecup slice preparation for intracellular recording in vertebrate retinas.

Abstract This report describes a new preparation for intracellular recording from the vertebrate retina, the eyecup slice preparation. It consists of a small (2 × 5 mm) strip cut from the posterior wall of the eye and thereby keeps the sclera, pigment epithelium and neural retina in place. Initial results are presented here for two vertebrates: the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans , and the toad, Bufo marinus. With conventional microscopy, the histological layers of the retina can be resolved, as well as individual photoreceptors, to provide landmarks for intracellular recording. When superfused, the eyecup slice remains in good condition for many hours and yields intracellular recordings of good quality and stability. Recordings of the light-evoked responses of cones and horizontal cells show that the slice is large enough to preserve the characteristic spatial interactions mediated by the laterally coursing neural networks of the distal retina. Recordings from rods show that full dark adaptation is achieved. Thus, photochemical dark adaptation as well as other normal cellular interactions between the neural retina and pigment epithelium can be preserved in this preparation, in contrast to isolated retinal slice preparations. The eyecup slice preparation might be particularly useful for work on mammalian retinas.
Metaphor as a tool in educational leadership classrooms

As students begin credentialing programs, they usually take a basic course on leadership, and we often invite them to reflect on their own perceptions of qualities, vision, mission and effectiveness. In Fall 2008, in my classes, I discovered that students struggled to articulate thoughts on leadership. Many felt unqualified, not having been leaders. I used metaphor as a vehicle for formulating and expressing their concept of leadership. Students felt more relaxed when comparing leadership to something else such as an orchestra conductor, a traffic cop, a stovetop or a sail. The use of metaphor allows students to relate a concept to something familiar and make it more concrete. Metaphors can be used to describe leadership as well as to explore how this language tool is used within a leadership setting. This article discusses the use of metaphors as a teaching tool, provides examples, and offers suggestions for future uses.
Structural determinants of the bifunctional corn Hageman factor inhibitor: x-ray crystal structure at 1.95 A resolution.

Corn Hageman factor inhibitor (CHFI) is a bifunctional 127 residue, 13.6 kDa protein isolated from corn seeds. It inhibits mammalian trypsin and Factor XIIa (Hageman Factor) of the contact pathway of coagulation as well as α-amylases from several insect species. Among the plasma proteinases, CHFI specifically inhibits Factor XIIa without affecting the activity of other coagulation proteinases. We have isolated CHFI from corn and determined the crystallographic structure at 1.95 A resolution. Additionally, we have solved the structure of the recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli at 2.2 A resolution. The two proteins are essentially identical. The proteinase binding loop is in the canonical conformation for proteinase inhibitors. In an effort to understand α-amylase inhibition by members of the family of 25 cereal trypsin/α-amylase inhibitors, we have made three-dimensional models of several proteins in the family based on the CHFI coordinates and the coordinates determined for wheat α-amylase in...
INFLUENCES OF RELATED RETROVIRUSES ON HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to profound perturbations of the immune system as well as to clinical disease. In contrast, two related retroviruses, the human lymphotropic virus type IV (HTLV-IV) and the Simian lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) have not been associated with clinical disease in their infected hosts. In this study, these viruses were band-purified and disrupted. Protein-rich preparations of these viruses were compared for their influences on functions of B- and T lymphocytes of healthy, HIV-uninfected donors. As described previously, the HIV protein preparation could induce a T-dependent, polyclonal response in B lymphocyte cultures resulting in immunoglobulin secretion. In contrast, the other two viral preparations did not cause either proliferation or differentiation of normal B lymphocytes. Pokeweed mitogeninduced B cell differentiation responses were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with HIV but not with HTLV-IV or STLV-III. None of the viral preparations induced a blastogenic response in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. T lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens, antigens and allo-antigens were inhibited to varying degrees by these viral preparations, with the order of magnitude of inhibition being HIV >HTLV-IV >STLV-III. These findings suggest that there maybe marked differences between these viruses in their capacity for causing immunologic damage.
On the relevance of face-to-edge π-π interactions to chiral recognition

Abstract Several chiral selectors have been developed in our laboratory on the premise that a cleft having an electron-deficient aromatic system as a “wall” and an electron-rich aromatic system as a “floor” would be conducive to chiral recognition. As a test of this hypothesis, six racemates, 5a-c and 6a-c, each containing electron-deficient and electron-rich aromatic systems, were prepared and studied chromatographically on a chiral stationary phase derived from the N,N-diallyl amide of naproxen. The endo stereoisomers, 5a-c, contain the aforementioned clefts whereas the exo stereoisomers, 6a-c, do not. The enantiomers of the former show much larger separation factors than do the enantiomers of the latter, supportive of the importance of the preorganized cleft. For comparative purposes, chromatographic data are provided for the enatiomers of both the selector used in the commercially available CSP 1 and its trans isomer.
The low-level radioactive waste siting process in Connecticut: Anatomy of a failure

The national policy to manage low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) from commercial nuclear power plants and other generators appears to be at a standstill with regard to siting new lLRW disposal facilities in the states. Regional compacts have been established and host stated designated in most compacts, but the NIMBY problem has proved insurmountable. Connecticut has been added to the growing list of states that have experienced siting setbacks and failures. This case study describes and analyzes the Connecticut experience. We show that siting was derailed by a technical-rationality approach that ignored the political dimensions of siting until it was too late, and by the consequent and powerful NIMBY reaction that ensued. We consider the national LLRW policy dimensions of siting failures and suggest possible policy alternatives for siting LLRW disposal facilities. 29 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
A Plantingian Pickle for a Darwinian Dilemma: Evolutionary Arguments Against Atheism and Normative Realism

Two of the most prominent evolutionary debunking arguments are Sharon Street's Darwinian Dilemma for Normative Realism and Alvin Plantinga's Evolutionary Argument against Atheism. In the former, Street appeals to evolutionary considerations to debunk normative realism. In the latter, Plantinga appeals to similar considerations to debunk atheism. By a careful comparison of these two arguments, I develop a new strategy to help normative realists resist Street's debunking attempt. In her Darwinian Dilemma, Street makes epistemological commitments that ultimately support Plantinga's structurally similar argument. If Street succeeds in debunking normative realism, I argue, then she also succeeds in debunking atheism. But atheism is a suppressed premise of the Darwinian Dilemma as well as a commitment of almost all normative anti-realists. If Street's argument entails theism, then the Darwinian Dilemma is internally incoherent and should be abandoned by almost everyone.1
A role for surfactant protein D in innate immunity of the human prostate.

OBJECTIVES Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family of proteins, which are involved in host defense mechanisms in the lung. In the present study, we found that SP-D is produced in the human prostate where it may play a role in innate immunity. METHODS AND RESULTS Using reverse-transcriptase PCR and Western blot analysis, we demonstrate that SP-D mRNA and protein are present in human prostate tissue. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that SP-D mRNA and protein are localized in epithelial cells of prostate glands. Prostate glands that are surrounded by inflammatory cells produce increased amounts of SP-D protein. We also show that SP-D inhibits the infection of LNCaP and P69SV40T prostate epithelial cells by Chlamydia trachomatis in an in vitro infection assay. Furthermore, using truncated human SP-D mutants, we demonstrate that SP-D binds to Chlamydia trachomatis via its carboxy-terminal lectin domains. Conclusions Our in vitro studies suggest that SP-D protects the prostate from infection by pathogens. SP-D protein levels are increased at sites of inflammation in the prostate, suggesting SP-D may also contribute more generally to inflammatory regulation in the prostate. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Activation of an IL6 Inflammatory Loop Mediates Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2+ Breast Cancer by Expanding the Cancer Stem Cell Population

Although inactivation of the PTEN gene has been implicated in the development of resistance to the HER2 targeting antibody trastuzumab, the mechanisms mediating this resistance remain elusive. We generated trastuzumab resistant cells by knocking down PTEN expression in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines and demonstrate that development of trastuzumab resistance in these cells is mediated by activation of an IL6 inflammatory feedback loop leading to expansion of the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Long term trastuzumab treatment generates highly enriched CSCs which display an EMT phenotype secreting over 100-fold more IL6 than parental cells. An IL6 receptor antibody interrupted this inflammatory feedback loop reducing the cancer stem cell population resulting in decreased tumor growth and metastasis in mouse xenographs. These studies demonstrate that trastuzumab resistance may be mediated by an IL6 inflammatory loop and suggest that blocking this loop may provide alternative strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance.
R&D project selection versus R&D project generation

Much of the technical literature emphasizes R&D project selection. This paper reviews the author's experience with R&D project selection. In his view, this experience suggests that the emphasis should be on the generation of high-quality R&D projects through effective communication of corporate priorities, implementation issues, and related technical efforts.
Investigating the Use of a Genesis Potential Index for Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlantic Basin

Large-scale environmental variables known to be linked to the formation of tropical cyclones have previously been used to develop empirical indices as proxies for assessing cyclone frequency from large-scale analyses or model simulations. Here the authors examine the ability of two recent indices, the genesis potential (GP) and the genesis potential index, to reproduce observed North Atlantic cyclone annual frequency variations and trends. These skillfully estimate the mean seasonal variation of observed cyclones, but they struggle with reproducing interannual frequency variability and change. Examination of the independent contributions by the four terms that make up the indices finds that potential intensity and shear have significant skill, while moisture and vorticity either do not contribute to or degrade the indices’ capacity to reproduce observed interannual variability. It is also found that for assessing basinwide cyclone frequency, averaging indices over the whole basin is less skillful than its application to the general area off the coast of Africa broadly covering the main development region (MDR). These results point to a revised index, the cyclone genesis index (CGI), which comprises only potential intensity and vertical shear. Application of the CGI averaged over the MDR demonstrates high and significant skill at reproducing interannual variations and trends in all-basin cyclones across both reanalyses. The CGI also provides a more accurate reproduction of seasonal variations than the original GP. Future work applying the CGI to other tropical cyclone basins and to the downscaling of relatively course climate simulations is briefly addressed.
Basal but not luminal mammary epithelial cells require PI3K/mTOR signaling for Ras-driven overgrowth.

The mammary ducts of humans and mice are comprised of two main mammary epithelial cell (MEC) subtypes: a surrounding layer of basal MECs and an inner layer of luminal MECs. Breast cancer subtypes show divergent clinical behavior that may reflect properties inherent in their MEC compartment-of-origin. How the response to a cancer-initiating genetic event is shaped by MEC subtype remains largely unexplored. Using the mouse mammary gland, we designed organotypic 3D culture models that permit challenge of discrete MEC compartments with the same oncogenic insult. Mammary organoids were prepared from mice engineered for compartment-restricted co-expression of oncogenic H-RASG12V together with a nuclear fluorescent reporter. Monitoring of H-RASG12V-expressing MECs during extended live cell imaging permitted visualization of Ras-driven phenotypes via video microscopy. Challenging either basal or luminal MECs with H-RASG12V drove MEC proliferation and survival, culminating in aberrant organoid overgrowth. In each compartment, Ras activation triggered modes of collective MEC migration and invasion that contrasted with physiological modes used during growth factor-initiated branching morphogenesis. Although basal and luminal Ras activation produced similar overgrowth phenotypes, inhibitor studies revealed divergent use of Ras effector pathways. Blocking either the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway completely suppressed Ras-driven invasion and overgrowth of basal MECs, but only modestly attenuated Ras-driven phenotypes in luminal MECs. We show that MEC subtype defines signaling pathway dependencies downstream of Ras. Thus, cells-of-origin may critically determine the drug sensitivity profiles of mammary neoplasia.
Direct-to-consumer advertising skepticism and the use and perceived usefulness of prescription drug information sources

This study investigates advertising skepticism in the context of consumers’ prescription drug information seeking behavior. Results of a telephone survey found that: (a) the overall level of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) skepticism among consumers was neutral; (b) DTCA skepticism was unrelated to age, positively related to education and income, and varied by race; (c) however, when all the antecedent variables were considered concurrently, only education emerged as a significant predictor (consumers with higher education were more skeptical of DTCA); (d) DTCA skepticism was not significantly related to perceived importance of prescription drug information; (e) DTCA skepticism was not associated with use of advertising and interpersonal sources of prescription drug information; and (f) DTCA skepticism was negatively related to perceived usefulness of advertising sources but unrelated to perceived usefulness of professional interpersonal sources (i.e., physicians and pharmacists). The article conclu...
Ventricular septal crypt in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by diverse patterns of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Recently, unusual structural convolutions of the LV wall have been reported, including non-compaction in the distal chamber, and ‘clefts’, ‘crypts’, and ‘crevices’ in portions of the LV free wall. With cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), we have recently identified a striking and unusual configuration of the basal ventricular septum that does not resemble in appearance or location any of the aforementioned patterns. Notably, this particularly deep crypt in the septum differs considerably …
Statin Use Is Associated with Improved Function and Survival of Lung Allografts

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used antilipidemic agents that are also immunomodulatory. We evaluated possible effects of these agents after lung transplantation by comparing outcomes of 39 allograft recipients, who were prescribed statins for hyperlipidemia, with those of 161 contemporaneous control recipients who did not receive these drugs. Acute rejection (⩾ Grade II) was less frequently found in the statin group (15.1 versus 25.6% of biopsies, p < 0.01). None of 15 recipients started on statins during postoperative Year 1 developed obliterative bronchiolitis, whereas the cumulative incidence of this complication among control subjects was 37% (p < 0.01). Total cellularity, as well as proportions of inflammatory neutrophils and lymphocytes, were significantly lower in bronchoalveolar lavages of statin recipients. Among double lung recipients, those taking statins had significantly better spirometry: FVC (80 ± 2 versus 70 ± 1%) and FEV1 (87 ± 2 versus 70...
Towards reducing the gap between PMEPR of multicarrier and single carrier signals

It has recently been shown that by altering the sign of each subcarrier in a multicarrier system significant reduction in the peak to mean envelope power (PMEPR) can be obtained. In fact, the PMEPR can even be made a constant independent of the number of subcarriers n. However, finding the best sign requires a search over 2/sup n/ possible signs which is computationally prohibitive. In this paper, we first propose a greedy algorithm to choose the signs based on p-norm minimization and we prove that it can achieve a PMEPR of order log n. We further decrease the PMEPR by enlarging the search space considered by the greedy algorithm. By ignoring peaks with probability less than 10/sup -3/, simulation results show that the PMEPR of a multicarrier system with 128 subcarriers each one modulated by 64QAM constellations is reduced to 3.4. This implies that at the cost of one bit of information per subcarrier (i.e., not sending information over the sign of each subcarrier) and modest computational complexity in the transmitter, the PMEPR can be reduced from 12.5 to 3.4 which is within 1.6 dB of the PMEPR of a single carrier system with 64QAM modulation.
Effect of Tablet Splitting on Serum Cholesterol Concentrations

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of tablet splitting on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol values in patients taking simvastatin and atorvastatin.DESIGN:A retrospective chart review of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol values of patients instructed to split simvastatin or atorvastatin between January 1999 and November 2000.SETTING:Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Huntington, WV.PATIENTS:Patients were included if they were taking simvastatin or atorvastatin with regular lipid management and follow-up laboratory results. Patients were required to remain on the same milligram-per-day dose at least 6–8 weeks before and after tablet-splitting initiation and have cholesterol values drawn at least 6 weeks after initiation of both whole-tablet and half-tablet dosing. Patients were excluded if they had a triglyceride level >400 mg/dL or were noncompliant on the basis of pharmacy records and provider notes.MEASUREMENT OUTCOMES:The primary end points were changes in total choleste...
Effect of prenatal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonism on postnatal development

Recent work indicates that PPARα is required for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-induced postnatal lethality resulting from prenatal exposure. The present study tested the hypothesis that relatively modest activation of PPARα during prenatal development will cause postnatal lethality, similar to that observed with PFOA, a relatively low affinity PPARα agonist. Female wild-type and Pparα-null mice were mated overnight with males of the same genotype. The presence of a copulatory plug on the morning after mating was indicative of pregnancy and considered gestation day (GD) 0. Plugged female mice were fed either a control diet or one containing clofibrate (0.5%) or Wy-14,643 (0.005%) until GD18 or until parturition. Mice were examined on GD18 or on postnatal day (PND) 20 following the prenatal exposure period. Dietary administration of clofibrate or Wy-14,643 did not affect maternal weight or weight gain, the average number of implantations, the percentage of litter loss, the average number of live/dead fetuses, average crown-rump length, or the average fetal weight on GD18 in either genotype. An increase in relative maternal liver weight and elevated expression of PPARα target genes in maternal and fetal livers on GD18 were observed, indicative of PPARα-dependent changes in both the maternal and fetal compartments. However, no defects in postnatal development were observed by either clofibrate or Wy-14,643 in either genotype by PND20. These results demonstrate that relatively low level activation of PPARα by clofibrate or Wy-14,643 during prenatal development does not cause postnatal lethality.
Beta-amyloid activated microglia induce cell cycling and cell death in cultured cortical neurons

Abstract Immunocytochemical studies of postmortem human tissue have shown that the neurons at risk for degeneration in Alzheimer’s are marked by the ectopic expression of several cell cycle components. The current work investigates the roles that β-amyloid activated microglia might play in leading neurons to re-express cell cycle components. Stable cultures of E16.5 mouse cortical neurons were exposed to β-amyloid alone, microglial cells alone, or microglial cells activated by β-amyloid. Increased cell death was found in response to each of these treatments, however, only the amyloid activated microglial treatment increased the number of neurons that were positive for cell cycle markers such as PCNA or cyclin D and incorporation of BrdU. Double labeling with BrdU and TUNEL techniques verified that the ‘dividing’ neurons were dying, most likely through an apoptotic mechanism. The identity of the soluble factor(s) elaborated by the microglia remains unknown, but FGF2, a suspected neuronal mitogen, was ruled out. These results further support a model in which microglial activation by β-amyloid is a key event in the progression in Alzheimer’s disease.
The resolution of conflicts among competing systems: A bidirectional perspective

The present study investigates the interaction of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics from the perspective of functional constraints on sentence processing. The functionalist model of Bates and Mac-Whinney (1981a, 1987) is taken as a basis for investigating subjects' reactions to sentences in which word order, topic, and animacy are varied. Subjects were native speakers of Italian, a language which is sensitive to semantics for interpretation and English, a language which is sensitive to syntax for interpretation (Bates, McNew, MacWhinney, Devescovi, & Smith, 1982). The two native speaker groups were further subdivided in terms of second versus foreign language learners. This study focusses on the question of how learners move from one organizational system to another. It is argued that the ways in which L2 learners are able to determine the strength of dominant factors provides insights not only into the processes involved in L2 acquisition but also into the relative strength of components crosslinguistically and the strength of boundaries between linguistic and extra-linguistic information. The results suggest that in moving from a semantic-dominant language to a syntactic-dominant one, learners first become aware of the importance of the concept of word order in a second language before being able to determine the specifics of word order in that language. On the other hand, moving in the other direction (from syntactic to semantic dominance) seems to come about with greater ease. To account for these results, a prototype model of acquisition is introduced. Finally, differences between second language and foreign language-learning environments are discussed.
Plane strain deformations of locking materials near a crack tip

Abstract Plane-strain deformations of an isotropic and homogeneous Hookean body containing a crack are studied and it is required that the dilatation everywhere in the body be greater than or equal to a constant. Following Prager, the region where the dilatation always equals the constant is identified as the locking region. For the case when the deformations of the body are symmetrical about the plane containing the crack, equations are derived that delimit the size of the locking region. It is shown that for a series type r,θ separable solution of the problem, the order of the singularity is essentially unchanged by the consideration of the higher-order terms in the constraint equation.
Operations concept for TES mission operations

This paper briefly outlines the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura spacecraft's Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) experiment and TES instrument activities in operations. It describes the operations concept being developed for TES command, monitoring and analysis of TES health data.
Research: Beginning Reading: A Stage-Structure Analysis

(1979). Research: Beginning Reading: A Stage-Structure Analysis. Childhood Education: Vol. 55, Affecting Social Policy in Community and Nation, pp. 248-252.
Comparison of Rock Failure Criteria in Predicting Borehole Shear Failure

Abstract Selection of the appropriate rock failure criteria is one of the key steps in determining minimum required mud weight in wellbore stability analysis. Numerous failure criteria have been used for rock failure analysis, but there is no common agreement of which failure criterion to select. In this paper, thirteen failure criteria used in predicting borehole shear failure were evaluated for four field cases. In a comparison of the results with actual field failure cases, Tresca, Von Mises, and Inscribed Drucker–Prager overestimated the rock breakout and predicted the highest required minimum required mud weight for all cases. Also the results of these criteria are significantly higher than the actual borehole shear failure. Circumscribed Drucker–Prager underestimated the rock breakout and predicted the lowest bound of the minimum required mud weight in most cases which is mainly less than actual onset of borehole breakout. The minimum required mud weights determined by Modified Lade, Modified Wiebols–Cook and Mogi–Coulomb is above, but close to, the onset of breakout based on the field reported failure cases. This means that using of any of these three criteria in wellbore stability analysis could be a safe approach. Furthermore, Modified Lade, Modified Wiebols–Cook and Mogi–Coulomb provided similar results for all studied cases, so these failure criteria may be used interchangeably.
In a Strange Room: Modernism's Corpses and Mortal Obligation

Seeking to account for ‘our feeling of strangeness in a world which used to seem so beautiful and familiar’ in the wake of the Great War, Sigmund Freud points to ‘the disturbance in our former atti...
Sub-wavelength Si-based plasmonic light emitting tunnel junction

Here we report the effect a metal grating on the light emission enhancement of a light emitting tunnel junction (LETJ). The device utilizes the finite probability of tunneling electrons to scatter inelastically, i.e. emit a photon over a phonon. Here a Fermi sea was electrically biased against the conduction band of a doped semiconductor. While functional, the external emission efficiency is low due to high absorption from the top metal. Here we experimentally show that introducing a grating to this top metal layer will enhance the emission intensity. Additional simulation results provide inside into the light-coupling process. Our result show a 12 times enhancement.
Stability of carbenicillin and oxacillin frozen in syringes

The stability of carbenicillin disodium and oxacillin sodium following storage in syringes for three months at -20 C was studied. Employing a spectrophotometric assay, it was found that carbenicillin (2500 mg/ml) and oxacillin (200 mg/ml) remained stable in both glass and plastic syringes for three months when frozen at -20 C. Stability was not altered by storage in either glass or plastic, nor by the size of the syringe used. Although the results were favorable, additional evidence is necessary before the practice of freezing reconstituted carbenicillin and oxacillin in syringes is advocated.
Early Paracas Textile Techniques

A textile recently found undoubtedly relates to an early phase of the Paracas style of the Peruvian south coast. The decorative techniques consist of slit tapestry, brocade, and warp striping. The tapestry design is a complex feline figure with various traits of the Chavin style. The techniques and design are of considerable interest since no Paracas textile of this or earlier date has been previously published.
ACP Immunization Advisor.

The ACP Immunization Advisor app allows clinicians to customize searches for recommended vaccines by patient age (19 years or older), medical conditions, and special circumstances (e.g., work setting, travel plans, or living arrangements). It provides links to other useful online immunization resource collections, including the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Clinicians can also browse a library of pages on individual vaccines that contain expandable menus of information on indications, contraindications, administration, side effects, and coding. This app is reviewed using the FPM "SPPACES" criteria: Source or developer of app, Platforms available, Pertinence to primary care practice, Authoritativeness/accuracy/currency of information, Cost, Ease of use, and Sponsor(s).
Kinetics of the CH2Cl + CH3 and CHCl2 + CH3 radical-radical reactions.

molecule -1 s -1 . The rate constant of reaction 2 can be expressed as k2 ) 1.66 10 -11 exp(359 K/T) cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 ((25%). C2H4 and C2H3Cl were detected as the primary products of reactions 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental values of the rate constant are in reasonable agreement with the prediction based on the “geometric mean rule.” A separate experimental attempt to determine the rate constants of the high-temperature CH2Cl + O2 (10) and CHCl2 + O2 (11) reaction resulted in an upper limit of 1.2 10 -16 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 for k10 and k11 at 800 K.
Pervaporative desulfurization of gasoline: A review

Abstract The membrane based pervaporation process for sulfur removal from gasoline has evoked a great deal of attention due to its distinct advantages. Such advantages include: lower operating and energy costs, easier scale-up, as well as higher selectivity. The separation mechanism of pervaporative desulfurization is based on the sorption and diffusion differences between the components of the gasoline mixture. This review aims to provide insight into the state of the art research activities related to pervaporative desulfurization of gasoline using organic polymeric membranes. To obtain a comprehensive perspective about the pervaporative desulfurization, other techniques of desulfurization are discussed briefly in the introduction. The solubility parameter theory for membranes selection and the membranes material modifications are also examined in this review. The effects of various factors including feed sulfur content, operating temperature, permeate pressure and feed flow rate on desulfurization performance are discussed.
Mortal Flesh in a Moral Matrix of Words: The Temporal and the Timeless in Travesties

Like Jumpers, Travesties bursts onto the stage with a dizzying array of fragments which seems unreal, chaotic, devoid of coherence and impervious to sense. Both plays begin, Stoppard says, with a ‘pig’s breakfast’1 of seemingly random juxtapositions. But if Jumpers opens with a visual montage, Travesties opens with a verbal melange. Travesties begins with three pairs of interlocutors exchanging such esoteric declamations as ‘Eel ate enormous appletzara’, ‘Hoopsa, boyaboy, hoopsa!’ and ‘Bronski prishol’.2 Not only do the three verbal exchanges have nothing to do with each other, each of the pronouncements is baffling in its own right. In Jumpers we may not know what paunchy gymnasts, a trapeze striptease, a bumbling professor and a stumbling waiter have in common — but there is nothing particularly arcane about each one individually. Whereas Jumpers presents us with the pieces of a visual puzzle which do not interlock to form any coherent picture, the verbal snippets of Travesties not only fail to cohere with each other but each piece of the puzzle seems to defy any attempt to reduce it to rational sense. The untranslated words and seemingly untranslatable syllables first sounded in Travesties confront the audience with what sounds like a towering Babel of confusion.
Habituation and Hermeneutics: Toward a Thomistic Account of Pre‐Understanding

Human existence entails that our encounter with the world is mediated by the context, historicity, and concrete particularities of that existence. Consequently, this situatedness, which contributes to our pre-understanding, makes us more or less capable of “seeing” the truth of the world we encounter. The hermeneutical principle of pre-understanding is sometimes presupposed to be ambivalent toward, if not in opposition to, traditional metaphysics. The present essay shows how traditional metaphysics, specifically of a Thomistic sort, need not be pitted against hermeneutics, but rather, offers the ground for understanding the way in which pre-understanding, as our habituation into and connaturality with truth, and ultimately, God, is that means by which right interpretation is made possible.
An experimental check of backscattering interferometry.

Backscattering interferometry (BSI) was used to determine the association constants for four well-known biomolecular interactions: protein A + IgG, trypsin + antitrypsin, trypsin + p-aminobenzamidine, and antithrombin + heparin. Each gave well-defined binding curves and Kd values in close agreement with published findings obtained using other techniques. These results stand in direct contrast to the claims in a 2015 publication in this journal (Discussion of "Back Scattering Interferometry revisited-a theoretical and experimental investigation" Jorgensen, T.M.; Jepsen, S.T.; Sorensen, H.S.; di Gennaro, A.K.; Kristensen, S.R. Sensors and Actuators B 2015, 220, 1328-1337, doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.121), thus invalidating the claim that BSI is unable to make measurements of this kind. The experimental details are discussed, and several potential sources of error in the previous publication are identified. No comments are made here on the discussion of the theoretical aspects of the BSI technique.
Image, Text, and Devotion in Carthusian Wall Painting, Manuscript Illumination, and Narrative

The eremetic Carthusian Order had always chosen a life of meditation, reflected in the arts it produced or sponsored. In the section “Wall Painting at the Coventry Charterhouse”of this chapter, the fragmentary wall painting at the former Coventry Charterhouse refectory connects contemplative experience with the iconography of the Virgin being taught to read by St. Anne and hence with the communication of Divine Wisdom. Then, in the truncated central image, the Crucifixion, with angels collecting the sacred blood in chalices from the five wounds, serves as a tactile sign of the Eucharistic devotion. The section “The Carthusian Miscellany” treats illuminations in the Carthusian Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 37049) in terms of the experience of visual piety, monastic mentality, and participatory theology. The next section “Carthusian Meditation for ‘Symple Soules’: Nicholas Love’s Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ” analyzes Love’s work. This text adapts, with restrictions, the practices of monastic reading and meditation to a general, less educated audience, identified by the author as “symple” folk. Its purpose was to make the past present for readers and to stir them to compassion for the sufferings of the Savior.
Uranyl-Peroxide Clusters Incorporating Iron Trimers and Bridging by Bisphosphonate- and Carboxylate-Containing Ligands.

A hybrid uranium–iron cage nanocluster, [(UO2)24(FeOH)24(O2)24(PO4)8(CH(COO)(PO3)2)24]96– (U24Fe24), was synthesized using bridging ligands containing bisphosphonate and carboxylate groups. U24Fe24 contains six tetramers of uranyl hexagonal bipyramids and eight iron trimers, each of which consists of three corner-sharing Fe3+ octahedra and is stabilized by in situ formed phosphate and 2,2-bis(phosphonato)acetate (C2P2) groups. Tetramers and trimers are bridged by 24 C2P2 groups into a cage cluster. Crystals of U24Fe24 present a paramagnetic-like behavior. X-ray scattering showed that U24Fe24 forms in the reactant solution prior to crystallization and is stable upon dissolution in water.
The combination of dietary fiber and time period affect ileal digestibility marker concentration in growing pigs

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate if the concentration patterns of digestibility markers (DMr) are influenced by dietary fiber (Diet), ileal digesta collection day (Day), and time period (TP). Eighteen barrows fitted with a T-cannula at the end of the ileum were used in a 2-period randomized complete block design. Three corn-soybean meal-based diets were formulated with corn starch (CS), corn bran (CB) or oat bran (OB) at 100 g/kg. All 3 diets contained 3 DMr, which were chromic oxide (Cr), titanium dioxide (Ti), and acid-insoluble ash (AIA). The ileal digesta was collected every 3 h between 09:00–21:00 h with 4 TP on each of the 3 day. Due to the interaction between Diet and TP, diet comparison within TP using appropriate standard error of the difference of two means were discussed. The Ti or AIA concentration on Day 1 was lower (P
Giant non-Schmid effect in NiTi

Abstract The work addresses the departure from Schmid law during plasticity of shape memory alloy, NiTi, that has been overlooked despite its cardinal importance. High resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique is utilized to pinpoint the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) levels in uniaxial tension and compression experiments. To our knowledge, the non-Schmid behavior of B2 NiTi is characterized for the first time precisely, and the results indicate that the non-glide stresses (both shear and normal character) play a considerable role on yielding. The non-glide stresses affect the core spreading which in turn dictates the changes in CRSS. A generalized yield criterion is proposed to predict the anisotropic experimental response accurately.
Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy: a variant of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy?

Purpose To report a case of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) in an elderly patient. Case report A 74-year-old Caucasian woman, with a 20-year history of a stable choroidal nevus in her right eye, was referred for evaluation of two small hemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) affecting the temporal peripheral fundus of the same eye. Nine months later, the lesions became larger and indocyanine green angiography revealed polypoidal choroidal vascular changes corresponding to the location of the ophthalmoscopically visible PEDs. Despite one session of verteporfin photodynamic therapy, the lesions continued to enlarge eventually resulting in the development of a large hemorrhagic PED, which failed to respond to two subsequent injections of intravitreal bevacizumab. The final ophthalmoscopic appearance of the large hemorrhagic PED was typical of PEHCR. Conclusion This case suggests that polypoidal choroidal vascular changes similar to that seen in our patient may underlie the development of PEHCR in some cases.
The lurking punitive threat: The philosophy of necessity and challenges for reform

Despite some encouraging reforms and a new optimism in criminal justice, problematic punishment persists in the USA. In this article, I argue that the difficulties of reform stem, in part, from an ingrained ‘philosophy of necessity’ that places punishment at the core of how to think about crime and social problems, and promotes a worldview that overvalues punishment’s ability to provide safety, provoke change and ensure justice. The philosophy of necessity grants punishment the ‘benefit of the doubt’, even when such confidence is unwarranted, and fosters reliance on punitive norms that encourage excess and abuse. A series of features work together to encourage the philosophy of necessity in the USA: blindness to the history of using punishment to ensure economic and social security for the privileged, ongoing policies that breed high levels of violence, and cultural endorsement of punitive logic as a substitution for social security and substantive justice.
On channel interactions in nested Hall thrusters

Nested Hall thrusters use multiple, concentric discharge channels to increase thrust density. They have shown enhanced performance in multi-channel operation relative to the superposition of individual channels. The X2, a two-channel nested Hall thruster, was used to investigate the mechanism behind this improved performance. It is shown that the local pressure near the thruster exit plane is an order of magnitude higher in two-channel operation. This is due to the increased neutral flow inherent to the multi-channel operation. Due to the proximity of the discharge channels in nested Hall thrusters, these local pressure effects are shown to be responsible for the enhanced production of thrust during multi-channel operation via two mechanisms. The first mechanism is the reduction of the divergence angle due to an upstream shift of the acceleration region. The displacement of the acceleration region was detected using laser induced fluorescence measurements of the ion velocity profile. Analysis of the chang...
Enzymatic degradation of poly (butylene succinate-co-hexamethylene succinate)

Abstract Poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is an important bio-based and biodegradable polymer and attracts lots of attention stemming from its good mechanical properties that are complementary to other biobased polyesters. PBS has relatively slow biodegradation due to its high degree of crystallinity, which limits its utility in targeted applications. It is known that enzymatic degradation depends on polymer chemistry, solid-state morphology (i.e. crystallinity), molecular weight and other structural factors. In this paper, PBS-based copolyesters were synthesized through a melt polycondensation process and enzymatic degradation was carried out using lipase from Candida rugosa. Rate of enzymatic degradation and thermal properties were found to vary depending on the ratio of butanediol to hexanediol in the copolymer. The combined analysis of the enzymatic degradation rate and change in the morphology and molecular weight of a series of PBS-based copolyesters demonstrated the relative contributions of polymer chemistry, thermal properties and crystallinity. PBS-based copolyesters with tunable enzymatic degradation show promise as a more sustainable substitute for non-biodegradable plastics in agriculture and packaging industries.
Maladaptive Coping Strategies in Relation to Quality of Life Among HIV+ Adults

This study examined relationships between coping strategies and psychological quality of life (QOL) among people living with HIV/AIDS (N = 141). Participants completed baseline assessments, which included a demographic survey, the Brief COPE, the MOS-HIV, and a medical history questionnaire. Additionally, we obtained CD4 count information from medical charts. After controlling for demographic and AIDS-related factors, hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that maladaptive coping strategies used to deal with the stress of living with HIV/AIDS significantly lowers psychological quality of life as defined by cognitive functioning, mental health, and health distress. Developing adaptive coping skills to increase adaptive coping behaviors for dealing with living with HIV/AIDS may be a particularly effective intervention strategy to improve QOL. Future research must use methodological designs that can evaluate the influence of coping on QOL over time.