cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recursive Bayesian estimation of effective defibrillation shock intensities

A recursive method for computing optimum Bayesian estimates of effective defibrillation doses is presented. The method produces the same results as previously reported Bayesian techniques with a significant savings in computational complexity. The value of shock intensity required to return the most information about the value of ED50 is provided sequentially at each iterative step. The results show that the up-down algorithm provides significantly more information than the step-up or step-down algorithms. ED50 estimates are refined optimally at each step providing an optimal variable length procedure.
Lateral ventricle morphology analysis via mean latitude axis

Statistical shape analysis has emerged as an insightful method for evaluating brain structures in neuroimaging studies, however most shape frameworks are surface based and thus directly depend on the quality of surface alignment. In contrast, medial descriptions employ thickness information as alignment-independent shape metric. We propose a joint framework that computes local medial thickness information via a mean latitude axis from the well-known spherical harmonic (SPHARM-PDM) shape framework. In this work, we applied SPHARM derived medial representations to the morphological analysis of lateral ventricles in neonates. Mild ventriculomegaly (MVM) subjects are compared to healthy controls to highlight the potential of the methodology. Lateral ventricles were obtained from MRI scans of neonates (9-144 days of age) from 30 MVM subjects as well as age- and sex-matched normal controls (60 total). SPHARM-PDM shape analysis was extended to compute a mean latitude axis directly from the spherical parameterization. Local thickness and area was straightforwardly determined. MVM and healthy controls were compared using local MANOVA and compared with the traditional SPHARM-PDM analysis. Both surface and mean latitude axis findings differentiate successfully MVM and healthy lateral ventricle morphology. Lateral ventricles in MVM neonates show enlarged shapes in tail and head. Mean latitude axis is able to find significant differences all along the lateral ventricle shape, demonstrating that local thickness analysis provides significant insight over traditional SPHARM-PDM. This study is the first to precisely quantify 3D lateral ventricle morphology in MVM neonates using shape analysis.
The antimalarial activity of Ru–chloroquine complexes against resistant Plasmodium falciparum is related to lipophilicity, basicity, and heme aggregation inhibition ability near water/ n -octanol interfaces

We have measured water/n-octanol partition coefficients, pK(a) values, heme binding constants, and heme aggregation inhibition activity of a series of ruthenium-pi-arene-chloroquine (CQ) complexes recently reported to be active against CQ-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Measurements of heme aggregation inhibition activity of the metal complexes near water/n-octanol interfaces qualitatively predict their superior antiplasmodial action against resistant parasites, in relation to CQ; we conclude that this modified method may be a better predictor of antimalarial potency than standard tests in aqueous acidic buffer. Some interesting tendencies emerge from our data, indicating that the antiplasmodial activity is related to a balance of effects associated with the lipophilicity, basicity, and structural details of the compounds studied.
Clinical assessment and diagnosis of immunologically mediated salivary gland disease in Sjögren's syndrome

Abstract Because salivary gland function and morphology can be changed by a variety of diseases and drugs, the process of clinically assessing and diagnosing salivary gland changes in patients suspected of having Sjogren's syndrome (SS) must include not just clinical recognition of the problem and assessment of its nature and severity, but identification of the cause. Determining the presence of the salivary component of SS in a patient suspected of having the disease involves three types of observations: (1) eliciting symptoms and observing signs suggesting decreased salivary function (xerostomia) during the examination, (2) objectively assessing functional or anatomical salivary changes with different types of clinical procedures that are not necessarily disease-specific, and (3) applying the most disease-specific procedures as diagnostic criteria to determine the cause of the problem. Currently used diagnostic criteria for the salivary component of SS are reviewed and compared. Alternative diagnostic criteria should be avoided if they substitute non-specific tests for more disease-specific tests. There is as yet no perfect diagnostic criterion for the salivary component of SS, but significant focal sialadenitis in a labial salivary gland biopsy is the best in terms of its disease specificity, convenience, availability and low risk.
Methods for estimating junction temperature of AC LEDs

Light-emitting diodes operating on alternating current (AC) are gaining popularity in lighting applications. The junction temperature of an LED significantly influences performance. Although there are many proven methods for estimating the junction temperature of direct current (DC) LEDs, only a few methods have been proposed for AC LEDs. Two different methods were investigated and analyzed for their accuracy in estimating AC LED junction temperature: a low reference current pulse used to measure the voltage across the junction, and an active cooling system to recover the first half cycle current (rms). Method details are provided. The results suggest that the voltage drop method for AC LEDs is a viable method to estimate junction temperature.
Missing particles and modes

We investigate the validity of the Fourier transformations that have long been used to transform a given Hamiltonian written in configuration space into momentum space. We show that although these transformations are valid for ideal (perfect) lattices, their use for lattices with vacancies poses mathematical problems and renders inaccuracies in the form of the Hamiltonian by not conserving the number of degrees of freedom in the Hilbert space. Consequently, transformations that avoid this problem are found. We also investigate another solution to this problem that was proposed in the literature. We study the difference between these three methods by investigating the ground-state energy of an electron system in the context of the [ital s]-band tight-binding model due to removing (a) one site and (b) two sites. The three methods give similar expressions for the ground-state energy for both of these cases, but they predict different binding energies of electrons at the vacancies.
Integrin α1β1 Promotes Caveolin-1 Dephosphorylation by Activating T Cell Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase

Integrin α1β1 is a collagen receptor that down-regulates collagen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mice lacking this receptor show increased ROS levels and exacerbated glomerular sclerosis following injury. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a multifunctional protein that is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to injury and has been implicated in ROS-mediated injury. Cav-1 interacts with integrins, and integrin α1β1 binds/activates T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), which is homologous to the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B known to dephosphorylate Cav-1. In this study, we analyzed whether phosphorylated Cav-1 (pCav-1) is a substrate of TCPTP and if integrin α1β1 is essential for promoting TCPTP-mediated Cav-1 dephosphorylation. We found that Cav-1 phosphorylation is significantly higher in cells lacking integrin α1β1 at base line and following oxidative stress. Overexpression of TCPTP leads to reduced pCav-1 levels only in cells expressing integrin α1β1. Using solid phase binding assays, we demonstrated that 1) purified Cav-1 directly interacts with TCPTP and the integrin α1 subunit, 2) pCav-1 is a substrate of TCPTP, and 3) TCPTP-mediated Cav-1 dephosphorylation is highly increased by the addition of purified integrin α1β1 or an integrin α1 cytoplasmic peptide to which TCPTP has been shown to bind. Thus, our results demonstrate that pCav-1 is a new substrate of TCPTP and that integrin α1β1 acts as a negative regulator of Cav-1 phosphorylation by activating TCPTP. This could explain the protective function of integrin α1β1 in oxidative stress-mediated damage and why integrin α1-null mice are more susceptible to fibrosis following injury.
UTILIZATION OF SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN VIETNAM

The private sector in health care in Vietnam has been increasingly competing with the government in primary health care services. However, little is known about the use of skilled birth attendance or about choice of public and private sectors among those who opt for skilled attendants. Using data from the Vietnam 2002 Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines factors related to women's decision-making of whether to have a skilled birth attendant at a recent childbirth, and if they did, whether it was a public or private sector provider. The study indicates that the use of the private sector for delivery services was significant. Women's household wealth, education, antenatal care and community's wealth were positively related to skilled birth attendance, while ethnicity and order of childbirth were negatively related. Order of childbirth was positively associated with skilled birth attendance in the private sector. Among service environment factors, increased access to public sector health centres was associated with an increased likelihood of skilled birth attendance in general, but a lowered chance of that in the private sector. Further studies are needed to assess the current situation in the private sector, the demand for delivery services in the private sector, and its readiness to provide quality services.
The Dodo Bird: Less a Verdict Than an Opportunity

I contend that although the Luborsky et al. findings on the Dodo bird verdict are noteworthy, the methodology on which they are based is significantly delimited. Amplifying Luborsky et al.'s moderate recognition of that delimitation, I propose a qualitative complement to the extant research. I call this complement “amalgamated” qualitative research and propose that it will deepen, clarify, and contextualize Luborsky et al.'s enigmatic findings. Until this amalgam is implemented, therapy research will be relegated to impressions rather than fine-grained illuminations.
The Application Of Human Visual System Models To Digital Color Image Compression

A nonlinear mathematical model for the human visual system (HVS) was selected as a pre-processing stage for monochrome and color digital image compression. Rate distortion curves and derived power spectra were used to develop coding algorithms in the preprocessed "perceptual space." Black and white images were compressed to 0.1 bit per pel. In addition, color images were compressed to 1 bit per pel (1/3 bit per pel per color) with less than 1 percent mean square error and no visible degradations. Minor distortions are in-curred with compressions down to 1/4 bit per pel (1/2 bit per pel per color). It appears that the perceptual power spectrum coding technique "puts" the noise where one cannot see it. The result is bit rates up to an order of magnitude lower than those previously obtained with comparable quality. In addition, the model leads to an image quality metric which compares to subjective evaluations of an extensive image set with a correlation of 0.92.
The Cloister as Therapeutic Space: Breast Cancer Narratives in the Early Modern World

���� ��� Madre Estefania’s suffering began in silence. While she lay in her bunk battling seasickness, suffocating heat, and bed sores, she also brooded over the lump in her breast. She probably knew from the beginning that this was not a good sign. She might have already witnessed other nuns from her home convent in Madrid succumb to this terminal illness. So she waited and hesitated to tell her traveling companions, four other Capuchin nuns, who like Madre Estefania, had agreed to crisscross continents and oceans so that they could establish a new convent in Lima, Peru. Unfortunately Madre Estefania would never make it past the port of Buenos Aires. Their long journey had begun two years earlier when they left Madrid, Spain on January 3, 1710. Madre Maria Rosa, the future mother abbess of the new Peruvian convent, documented their remarkable journey by writing an official historical account of their travels and the building of their new convent. There were no Capuchin convents in South America at the time, and for this reason Madre Maria Rosa and her four spiritual sisters received permission to set up a new community. They had opted for a long, circuitous route that required a sea voyage from Spain to Buenos Aires, a trek over the Andes by mule, and finally another ship journey up the Pacific coast to Lima. That route, combined with the hardships of the Spanish War of Succession (1701–1714)—at one point the nuns were taken prisoner by Dutch corsairs—delayed their arrival in Peru until 1713. Although Madre Maria Rosa’s work was not published until the middle of the twentieth century, her manuscript, later edited by one of her travel companions, was copied at least two times by scribes. To this day, one
Selective tropism of the recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 serotype for rat cardiac tissue.

Background Cardiac gene transfer may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for heart disease. Numerous serotypes of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) have been identified with variable tropisms to cardiac tissue. Methods Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were undertaken to compare cardiac tropisms of rAAV-2, 5, 7, 8 and 9. For the in vitro studies, 107 vector genome (vg) of rAAV-2, 5, 7, 8 or 9 were used to transduce both rat neonatal cardiac myocytes (RNCM) and fibroblasts (RNCF). For the in vivo studies, 4 × 1010 vg of rAAV-2, 5, 7, 8 or 9, and 4 × 1011 vg of rAAV8 or 9 were administered in 5-day-old rats via a relatively non-invasive intracardiac injection. One and two months post-administration, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in tissues was visualized and GFP mRNA was quantified by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results At 3 days post-viral transduction, rAAV9 and rAAV2 produced the highest transducing efficiency in RNCM. Only rAAV2 elicited any transduction in the RNCF. The results obtained in vivo indicated that the order for transduction efficiency in the heart was: rAAV9 > rAAV8 > rAAV7 > rAAV2 = rAAV5. The transduction efficiency order in the liver was: rAAV2 > rAAV5 > rAAV7 > rAAV8 > rAAV9. Injection of a higher dose (4 × 1011 vg) of rAAV9 provided more widespread and highly cardiac-selective GFP expression in the heart than rAAV8. Zero to minimal expression of GFP was found in the lung and kidney for both doses of all rAAV serotypes utilized. Conclusions Collectively, the results obtained in the present study suggest that rAAV9 provides the most selective and stable transduction efficiency in cardiac tissue, and this expression was primarily exhibited in cardiac myocytes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response function of a tunable diode laser spectrometer from an iterative deconvolution procedure

A deconvolution procedure commonly used for resolution enhancement of spectra has been applied to the determination of the response function of a tunable diode laser spectrometer. The method is sufficiently fast and simple for routine application when correcting for nonnegligible instrumental broadening. Absolute linestrengths of CH4 in the 1327/cm region and line positions of HNO3 in the 1335/cm region, measured with the aid of the deconvolution technique, are reported here.
Global Sea Ice Coverage from Satellite Data: Annual Cycle and 35-Yr Trends

Well-established satellite-derived Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extents are combined to create the global picture of sea ice extents and their changes over the 35-yr period 1979-2013. Results yield a global annual sea ice cycle more in line with the high-amplitude Antarctic annual cycle than the lower-amplitude Arctic annual cycle but trends more in line with the high-magnitude negative Arctic trends than the lower-magnitude positive Antarctic trends. Globally, monthly sea ice extent reaches a minimum in February and a maximum generally in October or November. All 12 months show negative trends over the 35-yr period, with the largest magnitude monthly trend being the September trend, at -68,200 +/- 10,500 sq km/yr (-2.62% 6 +/- 0.40%/decade), and the yearly average trend being -35,000 +/- 5900 sq km/yr (-1.47% +/- 0.25%/decade).
Telehealth Among US Hospitals: Several Factors, Including State Reimbursement And Licensure Policies, Influence Adoption

Telehealth is widely believed to hold great potential to improve access to, and increase the value of, health care. Gaining a better understanding of why some hospitals adopt telehealth technologies while others do not is critically important. We examined factors associated with telehealth adoption among US hospitals. Data from the Information Technology Supplement to the American Hospital Association's 2012 annual survey of acute care hospitals show that 42 percent of US hospitals have telehealth capabilities. Hospitals more likely to have telehealth capabilities are teaching hospitals, those equipped with additional advanced medical technology, those that are members of a larger system, and those that are nonprofit institutions. Rates of hospital telehealth adoption by state vary substantially and are associated with differences in state policy. Policies that promote private payer reimbursement for telehealth are associated with greater likelihood of telehealth adoption, while policies that require out-of-state providers to have a special license to provide telehealth services reduce the likelihood of adoption. Our findings suggest steps that policy makers can take to achieve greater adoption of telehealth by hospitals.
Emergency Department Patient Acuity Varies by Age

Study objective A previous single-region study has suggested that acuity varies by patient age in ways that may affect subspecialty critical care skills retention. This study seeks to independently confirm or refute these findings by using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a large nationally representative database of emergency department (ED) visits. Methods Using 8 years of NHAMCS data composed of 288,199 ED visits, the following 6 measures of patient acuity were weighted and graphically stratified by patient age: triage category, hospital admission, critical care unit admission, death in the ED, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and tracheal intubation. Their relative frequency was then compared between adults and children ( Results All measures of acuity increased with age and were higher in adults versus children: highest triage category odds ratio 1.3, hospital admission odds ratio 4.2, critical care unit admission odds ratio 4.5, death in the ED odds ratio 5.8, cardiopulmonary resuscitation odds ratio 4.7, and tracheal intubation odds ratio 2.5. Conclusion This analysis of a large, nationally representative ED sample found substantial age-based differences in patient acuity that can inform discussion about subspecialty critical care skills retention.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CATIONIC AND ANIONIC ALDEHYDE POLYMERIZATION

Abstract Aldehydes polymerize readily with cationic and anionic initiators to polyacetals. Higher aliphatic aldehydes are conveniently polymerized with anionic initiators at low temperatures, frequently to isotactic polyaldehydes. The range of known polyaldehydes has recently been extended to poly( n -dodecaldehyde). Polymers with side chains longer than C 3 possess the characteristics of the crystallization of the aliphatic side chain separate and in addition to the crystallization of the main chain. An NMR investigation of the rate of polymerization and copolymerization of chloral showed that the polymerization becomes diffusion controlled above approximately 40% conversion. At that conversion small molecules are entrapped in the polymer matrix and individual parts of these molecules have different mobility as may be detected by NMR. Bromal has recently been polymerized at low temperatures where its crystallization was avoided by judicious selection of solvent and temperature of polymerization. The tribromomethyl group of bromal is the largest side group of any monomer which has ever been polymerized. Dichlorobromoacetaldehyde and chlorodibromoacetaldehyde were synthesized and polymerized to what are completely insoluble and apparently isotactic polymers. Fluorodichloroacetaldehyde and difluorochloracetaldehyde were also synthesized and polymerized. Fluorodichloroacetaldehyde gives only insoluble and apparently isotactic polymers. Difluorochloroacetaldehyde gave soluble amorphous polymers in addition to crystalline polymers. Future trends in aldehyde and carbonyl polymerization are discussed and attempts have been made to identify unsolved problems in this area. The successful preparation of tetrachloroethylene oxide, in good yield, has been disclosed together with the failure of all attempts to homopolymerize this compound or copolymerize it with potential comonomers.
Rapid development of PCR-based genome-specific repetitive DNA junction markers in wheat.

In hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (AABBDD, C = 17 000 Mb), repeat DNA accounts for ∼90% of the genome, of which transposable elements (TEs) constitute 60%–80%. Despite the dynamic evolution...
Object interest in autism spectrum disorder: A treatment comparison

A randomized control trial comparing two social communication treatments for children with autism spectrum disorder examined the effect of treatment on object interest. Thirty-two children, 18–60 months, were randomly assigned to the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching (RPMT) condition. Assessment of object interest was conducted in an unstructured play session with different toys, activities, adult, and location than experienced in treatment. Results indicated children in the RPMT condition showed greater increases in object interest as compared to children in the PECS condition. Because child characteristics such as interest in objects may influence response to interventions using object play as contexts for treatment, it is important to improve our understanding of whether intervention can affect object interest.
DELIVERY OR ABORTION IN INNER-CITY ADOLESCENTS

This study of an urban group of unwed black adolescent girls who chose to deliver or abort a pregnancy focuses on factors in that decision associated with personal, social, and familial characteristics. Deliverers were characterized by parents and boyfriends who provided greater support for their decision than did those of the aborters, and by lower educational and financial levels, suggesting that they may have had fewer alternatives than aborters for recognition and status outside of motherhood.
Service Oriented Architecture for job submission and management on grid computing resources

Running applications on Supercomputers requires users to learn the low level details of how to interact with the resource manager and scheduler, write job submission scripts, submit and monitor jobs, transfer input and output files etc. These mechanisms differ on different machines and the scientist needs to waste precious time browsing websites and reading lengthy documentation. Even with tools such as Globus or Condor-G, submitting jobs requires users to learn the respective job description languages. This adds an unnecessary learning curve specially for users that want to use packages mostly pre-installed on compute resources and are interested only in the results. Our aim is to allow the user to focus on just the science of the simulation and the results and not the details of job submission and management. In order to do this we have designed a Simulation Application Manager(SAM) based on a Service Oriented Architecture(SOA) that abstracts out the details of the underlying execution environment and provides a mechanism to transfer the necessary science parameters from the user to the job. The choice of using an SOA also ensures that user interfaces to various applications can be quickly and easily generated with most of the code being generated automatically by modern day web services tools available in frameworks such as Axis and CXF.
Membrane-Tethered MUC1 Mucin Counter-Regulates the Phagocytic Activity of Macrophages

MUC1 (MUC in human; Muc in animals) is a transmembrane mucin glycoprotein expressed in mucosal epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells. MUC1 is involved in the resolution of inflammation during airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection by suppressing Toll-like receptor signaling in airway epithelial cells. Although alveolar macrophages are recognized as critical mediators of cell-mediated immunity against microorganisms inhaled into the airways, the role of MUC1 in regulating their response is unknown. The aims of this study were to determine whether macrophages express MUC1, and, if so, whether MUC1 expression might be associated with macrophage M0/M1/M2 differentiation or phagocytic activity. Human and mouse MUC1/Muc1 expression was drastically up-regulated in classically activated (M1) macrophages compared with nonactivated (M0) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. M1 polarization and Pa stimulation each increased MUC1 ectodomain shedding from the macrophage surface in a TNF-α-converting enzyme-dependent manner. MUC1/Muc1 deficiency in M0 macrophages increased adhesion and phagocytosis of Pa and Escherichia coli compared with MUC1/Muc1-expressing cells, and attenuation of phagocytosis by MUC1 was augmented after polarization into M1 macrophages compared with M0 macrophages. Finally, MUC1/Muc1 deficiency in macrophages increased reactive oxygen species production and TNF-α release in response to Pa compared with MUC1/Muc1-sufficient cells. These results indicate that MUC1/Muc1 expression by macrophages is predominantly in the M1 subtype, and that MUC1/Muc1 expression in these cells decreases their phagocytic activity in an antiinflammatory manner.
An Investigation of the Phenomena of Frequency Multiplication as Used in Tube Transmitters

A commonly used method is described for obtaining crystal control of high-frequency transmitters from crystals of lower frequency by means of a frequency multiplying vacuum-tube amplifier. An experimental study of the operation of the system is made when doubling and tripling the frequency of a 4000-kc crystal-controlled oscillator, and comparisons are made with the operation of the same system when balanced and amplifying the fundamental frequency. Relations between d-c negative grid voltage and r-f input voltage for maximum efficiency are shown to be critical and nearly constant for any one order of multiplication. Satisfactory operation of the system is shown to depend upon inductive reactance in the grid circuit, which produces regeneration through the grid-plate feed back in the tube. The study is based on circuit efficiencies as measured by the contact pyrometer method.
Design and performance of Multinet switch: a multistage ATM switch architecture with partially shared buffers

A new ATM switch architecture is presented. Our proposed Multinet switch is a self-routing multistage switch with partially shared internal buffers capable of achieving 100% throughput under uniform traffic. Although it provides incoming ATM cells with multiple paths, the cell sequence is maintained throughout the switch fabric thus eliminating the out-of-order cell sequence problem. Cells contending for the same output addresses are buffered internally according to a partially shared queueing discipline. In a partially shared queueing scheme, buffers are partially shared to accommodate bursty traffic and to limit the performance degradation that may occur in a completely shared system where a small number of calls may hog the entire buffer space unfairly. Although the hardware complexity in terms of number of crosspoints is similar to that of input queueing switches, the Multinet switch has throughput and delay performance similar to output queueing switches. >
Innovation and the Business Cycle: A Comparison of the U.S. Semiconductor and Automobile Industries

This paper examines data for U.S. automotive and semiconductor firms from 1976 to 2000 to analyze the cyclical nature of innovation, and to find if it is the same across the two industries. Although previous studies have used aggregate data, it does not follow that distinct industries respond to economic fluctuations in the same way. Using patenting as a proxy for innovation, this study finds that there is evidence that innovation is procyclical in the semiconductor industry, but there does not appear to be a similar cyclical pattern in the automobile industry. This has implications for government policy aimed at increasing private sector innovation, particularly at the regional level.
Characterization of a case of follicular lymphoma transformed into B-lymphoblastic leukemia.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an ability to transform into a more aggressive disease, albeit infrequently to B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. While t(14;18)(q32;q21) has been associated with approximately 90% cases of FL, that alteration alone is insufficient to cause FL and associated mutations are still being elucidated. The transformation of FL to B-lymphoblastic leukemia generally includes the dysregulation of MYC gene expression, typically through IGH rearrangement. Such cases of “double-hit” leukemia/lymphoma with both BCL2 and MYC translocations warrant further study as they are often not identified early, are associated with a poor prognosis, and are incompletely understood in molecular terms. Here we describe a patient with a diagnosis of FL that transformed to B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Detailed cytogenetic characterization of the transformed specimen using karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarray and gene rearrangement analyses revealed a complex karyotype comprised principally of whole chromosome or whole arm copy number gains or losses. Smaller, single-gene copy number alterations identified by microarray were limited in number, but included amplification of a truncated EP300 gene and alterations in NEIL1 and GPHN. Analyses defined the presence of an IGH/BCL2 fusion due to a translocation as well as a MYC/IGH fusion due to an insertion, with both rearrangements involving the same IGH allele. The data illustrate the value in characterizing double-hit lymphoma cases with both traditional and novel technologies in the detailed cytogenetic workup.
PLP inhibits the activity of interphase centrosomes to ensure their proper segregation in stem cells

Centrosomes determine the mitotic axis of asymmetrically dividing stem cells. Several studies have shown that the centrosomes of the Drosophila melanogaster central brain neural stem cells are themselves asymmetric, organizing varying levels of pericentriolar material and microtubules. This asymmetry produces one active and one inactive centrosome during interphase. We identify pericentrin-like protein (PLP) as a negative regulator of centrosome maturation and activity. We show that PLP is enriched on the inactive interphase centrosome, where it blocks recruitment of the master regulator of centrosome maturation, Polo kinase. Furthermore, we find that ectopic Centrobin expression influenced PLP levels on the basal centrosome, suggesting it may normally function to regulate PLP. Finally, we conclude that, although asymmetric centrosome maturation is not required for asymmetric cell division, it is required for proper centrosome segregation to the two daughter cells.
Establishing Pain Policies in Emergency Medicine

Abstract [Terndrup TE: Establishing pain policies in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med April 1996;27:408-411.]
The control of adaptive antenna arrays with genetic algorithms using dominance and diploidy

Adaptation of an antenna array controlled by digital-phase shifters using an advanced operator genetic algorithm is demonstrated. The genetic algorithm continuously optimizes the antenna's received signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) (Applebaum (1976) criterion) under changing interference conditions. Unlike earlier attempts to control adaptive array antennas using evolutionary optimization techniques, the current study uses a genetic algorithm with a population composed of individuals characterized by two chromosomes. Several numerical examples demonstrate that this "diploid" structure improves the ability of the genetic algorithm to adapt to changing conditions when compared with a simple genetic algorithm.
Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction by the Hemoflagellate Leishmania tarentolae1

SYNOPSIS. Continuous growth of one cell line (UCI variant) of Leishmania tarentolae was achieved in the absence of organic sulfur. These cells were able to use sodium sulfate, and, to a limited extent, sodium sulfite as their sole sulfur source and could utilize methionine sulfoxide in place of L-methionine. A related cell line (RU variant) was unable to grow in organic sulfate-free media nor could these cells utilize methionine sulfoxide. UCI promastigotes incorporated significant amounts of 35S sodium sulfate; killed cells did not take up the label. 35S incorporation was inhibited by sodium molybdate (5 × 10−4 M), sodium arsenite (5 × 10−4 M), 2,4-dinitrophenol (1 × 10−4 M), or KCN (5 × 10−4 M). RU promastigotes did not incorporate significant amounts of 35S sodium sulfate. Thin layer chromatographs of protein hydrolysates from UCI cells incubated in 35S sodium sulfate revealed several radio opaque spots, one of which had chromatographic properties of cystine. UCI variants of L. tarentolae were therefore capable of assimilatory sulfate reduction whereas RU cells lacked this ability.
Kinematic modelling of neotectonics in the Persia-Tibet-Burma orogen

SUMMARY We apply a new kinematic modelling technique (program NeoKinema) to estimate neotectonic flow in the Persia‐Tibet‐Burma orogen. The models fit geodetic benchmark velocities, geological fault slip rates and stress directions (seismic moment tensor orientations) using a weightedleast-squares method. Models predict long-term velocities, anelastic strain rates and preferred fault slip rates averaged over timescales of 10 4 ‐10 6 yr. While we find a few regions of low anelastic strain rate, the mean continuum strain rate in the preferred model is 2.2 × 10 −16 s −1 (0.7 per cent Ma −1 ), so the India-Eurasia collision should not be modelled as an interaction between rigid microplates. For most faults, preferred fault slip rates agree with geological slip rates within their uncertainty bounds; this suggests that deformation imaged by geodesy over tens of years is consistent with deformation over 10 4 ‐10 6 yr (given appropriate elastic corrections). We also calculate maps of long-term-average seismicity rate based on model fault slip rates and anelastic strain rates in the continuum, using the seismicity parameters of most comparable type of plate boundary. The pattern is generally in agreement with actual m > 5.67 earthquakes in the CMT catalogue (1977‐2002), except that the Himalayan front, High Zagros and Altyn Tagh zones have been quieter than predicted. The spatial integral of our forecast over the orogen is 371 m > 5.67 earthquakes/25.75 yr, versus 238 which actually occurred. If this discrepancy has high significance, it means that some step(s) in our forecast method are faulty (such as the assumption of equal coupled seismogenic thickness in all continental convergent boundaries). If it is only an artefact of stochastic time-dependence, then this may have occurred in the orogen, in the external calibration region, or in both. Independent evidence suggests that large earthquakes (with many aftershocks) will occur along the Himalayan front in the future, possibly reducing this discrepancy.
Direct observation of twinning–detwinning–retwinning on magnesium single crystal subjected to strain-controlled cyclic tension–compression in [0 0 0 1] direction

Cyclic deformation of magnesium single crystal under fully reversed tension–compression along the [0 0 0 1] direction at a strain amplitude of 0.5% was investigated in ambient air. In situ light microscopy of twins was conducted on the prismatic plane. Fundamental morphology evolution of twinning–detwinning–retwinning was characterized in situ. The critical resolved shear stress of twinning was found to be ∼2.4 MPa. With increasing loading cycles, the activity of twinning–detwinning–retwinning exhausted and the residual twins accumulated. During detwinning at each loading cycle, the residual twins were observed to form on the vicinities of twin boundaries which had been fully expanded at the previous tensile peak. Microcracks were found on the boundaries of residual twins and the basal slip bands.
Automated model approximation for robotic navigation with POMDPs

Partially-Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a problem class with significant applicability to robotics when considering the uncertainty present in the real world, however, they quickly become intractable for large state and action spaces. A method to create a less complex but accurate action model approximation is proposed and evaluated using a state-of-the-art POMDP solver. We apply this general and powerful formulation to a robotic navigation task under state and sensing uncertainty. Results show that this method can provide a useful action model that yields a policy with similar overall expected reward compared to the true action model, often with significant computational savings. In some cases, our reduced complexity model can solve problems where the true model is too complex to find a policy that accomplishes the task. We conclude that this technique of building problem-dependent approximations can provide significant computational advantages and can help expand the complexity of problems that can be considered using current POMDP techniques.
Leukemia and Lymphoma

Leukemia and lymphoma are the most common and third most common pediatric malignancies, respectively, and share cell lineages, but the clinical and imaging manifestations of these malignancies vary substantially. Along with providing pertinent details on classification, epidemiology, and treatment, this article reviews the current roles of imaging in the management of childhood leukemia and lymphoma, with attention to diagnosis, staging, risk stratification, therapy response assessment, and surveillance for disease relapse and adverse effects of therapy. Advances in functional imaging are also discussed to provide insights into future applications of imaging in the management of pediatric patients with leukemia and lymphoma.
“Blameless at His Coming”: The Discursive Construction of Eschatological Reality in 1 Thessalonians

Abstract: This essay argues that in 1 Thessalonians, Paul uses eschatological discourse—language about the end of hme—in order to evoke a symbolic world-view in which his readers become God9s elect, living at the end of time and awaiting the sudden, imminent retum of Christ from heaven. This self-identification explains their present misfortunes, while at the sam.e time demanding that they fulfill the ethical and moral demands of the Christian faith. More broadly, this essay points to the role that eschatological discourse played within early Christianity in general, suggesting that it formed a central, paradigmatic drama which helped to define ontological and teleological reality for the movement9s adherents.
Stress burden, drug dependence and the nativity paradox among U.S. Hispanics

It seems well established that exposure to social stress, including acculturation stress, increases risk for psychiatric and substance problems, and that the disadvantaged experience higher levels of such exposure. Such evidence points to the expectation that immigrant minority groups must be at elevated risk relative to their native-born counterparts. That the opposite appears to be true for various immigrant groups within the U.S. constitutes what has been referred to as the nativity health paradox. This paper examines the association between nativity and drug dependence among the distinctive and understudied Hispanic population of South Florida and attempts to evaluate competing explanations for the apparent advantage of immigrant populations. Based on data on a representative sample young adults of Cuban and other Hispanic backgrounds (n = 888), we found the paradox to be limited to women and confirmed the finding of prior research that acculturation plays a major role in explaining this difference in risk. We also found cumulative exposure to major and potentially traumatic events to be lower rather than higher among immigrants, to be a strong predictor of drug dependence and to contribute importantly toward accounting for observed nativity differences among women. Taken together, cumulative stress exposure and degree of acculturation explained 40% of the nativity difference. Finally, our results suggest that social support matters for risk primarily because such support more effectively acts to reduce exposure to social stress among foreign-born young Hispanic women. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nasal Augmentation with Split Calvarial Grafts in Orientals

This study reports on my experience with autogenous split calvarial grafts in nasal augmentation in 62 Orientals. In 78 percent of patients, the procedure was performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. Total operating time for harvesting of split calvarial grafts ranged from 20 to 55 minutes, with a mean of 32 minutes. Patients ranged in age from 16 to 48 years, with a mean of 27 years. Follow-up was from 6 months to 8 years, with an average of 3.1 years. Intraoperative discomfort was uniformly low and well tolerated when local anesthesia was used. The complication rate was 8.0 percent, with three cases of minor seroma-hematoma formation at the bone-graft donor site. These were treated with aspiration. There were two recipient-site complications, with one case of complete bone resorption that occurred in a densely fibrotic nose with preexisting septal perforation and a case of overcorrection that was successfully rasped 1 year later. Because of their easy accessibility beneath the scalp, split calvarial grafts to the nose are useful in various types of nasal augmentation, and the technique is offered as a practical alternative to the use of alloplastic materials.
Career Development: Load-Bearing Wall or Window Dressing? Exploring Definitions, Theories, and Prospects for HRD-Related Theory Building.

Career development (CD) has long been cited as a core area associated with human resource development (HRD). Despite this explicit connection, few publications focusing on CD are available in gener...
Recourse and the Principle of Non Lex Sed Corruptio Legis

In his discussion of the nature of law St Thomas Aquinas cites St Augustine's principle that an unjust law ceases by that very fact to be a truly binding one, and this remark provides us with a useful springboard for a discussion of how different institutions have dealt with the occurrence of such a problem within their own systems. There are two principal factispecies envisaged when we deal with such a scenario within the Christian community; when a law has been interpreted erroneously by its officers and when the law is applied by the administration with a rigidity that exceeds the intention of the legislator. In these circumstances, it is arguable that we are dealing not with true law as such but with the corruption of law, non lex seil corruptio legis. The expression corruptio legis is here understood not in a subjective but in an objective sense, i.e. it is not to be understood to refer to the administration or the officials that apply the law but to the legal norm itself. The issues raised by the principle, non lex sed corruptio legis, are not simply ethical but also legal, and the important resolution in Augustine and Aquinas offers a useful window into one of the central problems of comparative administrative law.
Abstract 13973: Takotsubo's Cardiomyopathy is Associated with Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Retrospective Analysis of 1,251 patients

Background: The relationship between Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy (TCMP) and severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been well described. We hypothesized that patients with severe SAH are more likely to develop TCMP. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with aneurysmal SAH admitted to the Neurological Intensive Care Unit at a tertiary hospital from January 2004 through December 2009. Patients who had echocardiograms done during hospitalization were identified. TCMP was defined by all four of the following diagnostic criteria: (1) The presence of transient hypokinesis or akinesis in the left ventricular mid and apical segments, or the presence of regional wall motion abnormalities that extend beyond a single epicardial vascular distribution, (2) documentation of resolution of echocardiographic changes (3) new ECG abnormalities (ST-segment elevation or T wave inversion) or elevation of cardiac troponin levels, (4) and changes must not be secondary to coronary artery disease. Severity of SAH was assessed by the Hunt and Hess (H&H) score which ranges from 0 to 5. Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to compare H&H scores of patients with TCMP to those who did not develop cardiomyopathy. Results: We identified 1,251 patients with aneurysmal SAH. Mean age is 52.8 years. Sixty five percent were women, 52% were white and 30.7% were African American. The mean HH similar to the 16.7% without TCMP (p=0.61). Conclusion: Severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as measured by Hunt and Huss score is significantly associated with development of Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy.
In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power. By Shoshana Zuboff. New York: Basic Books, 1988. 429 pp. Hardbound, $19.95; Softbound (1989), $10.95.

(1989). In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power. The Oral History Review: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 181-184.
A toxic triangle of destructive leadership at Bristol Royal Infirmary: A study of organizational Munchausen syndrome by proxy:

Although leadership literature increasingly recognizes that leadership is a complex, co-creational process among leaders, followers, and context, destructive leadership scholarship has only recently embraced this paradigm. This article contributes to the toxic triangle debate by linking destructive leadership theory and disaster research in a case study of Bristol Royal Infirmary, a UK hospital that experienced a crisis in its pediatric cardiology unit resulting in the death of dozens of babies undergoing surgery. Thus, the article expands the literature on organizational failure by offering an assessment of how seemingly good, well-intentioned professionals can nonetheless create destructive leadership dynamics and proposes a new, more nuanced theoretical framework called organizational Munchausen syndrome by proxy as a way to analyze what went wrong.
Residue Monitoring of Food Products of Animal Origin

SUMMARY Accidental exposure of animals to chemicals or drugs may leave unacceptable levels of residues in tissues. Monitoring programmes may need to be established if these residues are potentially harmful to man or result in economic loss to the food or livestock industries. The properties of each compound must be known to quantify the risks that might result from the presence of residue in food. From all available information residue tolerances and withdrawal periods can be established. In the United States, samples of slaughtered animals are routinely examined for chlorinated hydrocarbons, antimicrobial compounds and hormone-like substances. Occasional surveys are made for certain heavy metals. In Europe, some attention has been given to monitoring antibiotic residues and tests have been developed in Germany (BGA test) and Holland (RIV test). The shortcomings of these tests either from the failure to detect residues or from producing false positive results, are discussed.