cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The heavy-metal adsorption characteristics of Hawthorne Formation (Florida, U.S.A.) sediments

Abstract The Hawthorne Formation is hydrologically significant in that its massive clay beds confine the principal artesian aquifer in peninsular Florida and other southeastern Coastal Plain locations. Heavy-metal (Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Cr3+) isotherms (25°C, pH = 4.0–6.0) were established to define adsorption parameters for these sediments. The relationship between ionic adsorption and metal concentration conformed to the linear Langmuir equation over a wide range of initial metal concentrations (50–1150 mg l−1). Calculated adsorption maxima associated with the divalent ions ( 5–26 meq 100 g ) were less than the cation exchange capacity (c.e.c.) ( 13–33 meq 100 g ), indicating that these ions were not specifically adsorbed (“fixed”) to exchange sites. In contrast, the adsorption maxima for Cr3+ ( 27–54 meq 100 g ) greatly exceeded the c.e.c., demonstrating that metal attenuation is a function of ionic valence. The adsorption maxima and the c.e.c. correlated well with the percentage of clay. This reflects the presence of smectite (as determined by X-ray diffractometry) throughout the entire section of Hawthorne Formation within this study area. The correlation between percentage clay and Langmuir adsorption maxima is significant in that it provides some physical credibility for application of the controversial Langmuir model.
Mutual Induced Fit Binding of Xenopus Ribosomal Protein L5 to 5 S rRNA

Abstract A library of random mutations in Xenopus ribosomal protein L5 was generated by error-prone PCR and used to delineate the binding domain for 5 S rRNA. All but one of the amino acid substitutions that affected binding affinity are clustered in the central region of the protein. Several of the mutations are conservative substitutions of non-polar amino acid residues that are unlikely to form energetically significant contacts to the RNA. Thermal denaturation, monitored by circular dichroism (CD), indicates that L5 is not fully structured and association with 5 S rRNA increases the t m of the protein by 16 °C. L5 induces changes in the CD spectrum of 5 S rRNA, establishing that the complex forms by a mutual induced fit mechanism. Deuterium exchange reveals that a considerable amount of L5 is unstructured in the absence of 5 S rRNA. The fluorescence emission of W266 provides evidence for structural changes in the C-terminal region of L5 upon binding to 5 S rRNA; whereas, protection experiments demonstrate that the N terminus remains highly sensitive to protease digestion in the complex. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of L5 by the program PONDR predicts that the N and C-terminal regions of L5 are intrinsically disordered, but that the central region, which contains three essential tyrosine residues and other residues important for binding to 5 S rRNA, is likely to be structured. Initial interaction of the protein with 5 S rRNA likely occurs through this region, followed by induced folding of the C-terminal region. The persistent disorder in the N-terminal domain is possibly exploited for interactions between the L5–5 S rRNA complex and other proteins.
32P-postlabelling analysis of DNA adducts from Fischer-344 rats administered 2,4-diaminotoluene

Abstract Using 32P-postlabelling and thin layer chromatography, DNA adduct formation by the potent animal carcinogen 2,4-diaminotoluene in Fischer-344 rats was investigated. DNA from four different organs, liver, mammary gland, kidney and lung, were examined for adducts following single administration of this compound. DNA binding was detected in all four organs, with each producing one major and two minor adduct spots on autoradiograms. The adducts induced were qualitatively identical among the different organs, but quantitative differences were observed. The two target organs of 2,4-diaminotoluene induced carcinogenesis, the liver and mammary gland produced higher adduct yields, with levels up to 30-times higher than those for the two non-target organs. Since the liver is the principal target for 2,4-diaminotoluene induced carcinogenesis, we further examined DNA adducts from this site for the effects of different doses and time points. DNA binding in liver was detected following doses as low as 4.1 μmol/kg. At the highest concentration examined (2046 μmol/kg), the level of the major adduct was 29.2 adducted nucleotides per 107 total nucleotides. The yields for the two minor adducts were approximately one-tenth that for the major adduct. Following a 410 μmol/kg dose, DNA adduct removal over time was examined. DNA adduct removal exhibited biphasic kinetics, with a rapid initial phase followed by a slower rate of elimination. Up to 60% of maximum adduct levels persisted after 2 weeks. DNA binding by 2,4-diaminotoluene was also compared to that by its weakly carcinogenic analog, 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The two compounds produced identical adduct patterns, suggesting that they share common metabolites and adducts. Adduct yields from 2,4-dinitrotoluene, however, were lower. The results of our studies suggest that the differences in carcinogenic potency between 2,4-diaminotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, as well as the organotropic effects of 2,4-diaminotoluene may be explained, in part, by quantitative differences in the extent of DNA adduct formation.
Ultrastructural study of superficial spreading melanoma and benign simulants

Ultrastructural examination of the intraepidermal component of superficial spreading melanomas (SSM) and benign melanocytic lesions was undertaken to determine the diagnostic value of electron microscopy in clinically "borderline" melanoma problems. Seventeen SSMs and ten benign melanocytic nevi and lentigenes which clinically resembled melanoma were studied. Melanocytes of the intraepidermal component of the SSMs showed a greater tendency for abnormal melanosome formation than did melanocytes of the benign simulants. However, the abnormalities were variable and were not limited to the SSMs. Our observations suggest that qualitative ultrastructural evaluation cannot be reliably used differentiating SSMs from benign melanocytic lesions.
Multiple Linked Quantitative Trait Loci within the Tmevd2/Eae3 Interval Control the Severity of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in DBA/2J Mice

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelination (TMEVD) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) are the principal animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previously, we provided evidence that Tmevd2 and Eae3 may represent either a shared susceptibility locus or members of a gene complex controlling susceptibility to central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. To explore the genetic relationship between Tmevd2 and Eae3, we generated a D2.C-Tmevd2 interval-specific congenic (ISC) line and three overlapping interval-specific recombinant congenic (ISRC) lines in which the Tmevd2-resistant allele from BALB/cByJ was introgressed onto the TMEVD-susceptible DBA/2J background. These mice, all H2d, were studied for susceptibility to EAE elicited by immunization with proteolipid protein peptide 180–199. Compared with DBA/2J mice, D2.C-Tmevd2 mice developed a significantly less severe clinical disease course and EAE pathology in the spinal cord, confirming the existence of Eae3 and its linkage to Tmevd2 in this strain combination. Compared with DBA/2J and D2.C-Tmevd2, all three ISRC lines exhibited clinical disease courses of intermediate severity. Neither differences in ex vivo antigen-specific cytokine nor proliferative responses uniquely cosegregated with differences in disease severity. These results indicate that multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) within the Tmevd2/Eae3 interval influence EAE severity, one of which includes a homology region for a QTL found in MS by admixture mapping.
Do Structural Federal Budget Deficits Impact Commercial Bank Interest Rates? A Comment

This article finds no compelling evidence to support Cebula's recent claim that higher structural budget deficits in the United States have raised commercial bank interest rates. It appears that Cebula's results are spurious and likely the outcome of the use of nonstationary data. Correcting for this problem, the results deny the presence of any significant crowding out in the data. This inference stands up to several sensitivity tests and accords well with the body of evidence against the crowding out phenomenon in the U.S. economy.
The psaC genes of Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 and Cyanophora paradoxa: cloning and sequence analysis.

Abstract The psaC genes of the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, and of the cyanelle genome of the phylogenetically ambiguous biflagellate, Cyanophora paradoxa , were cloned, mapped and sequenced. The PsaC proteins of both species exhibit high degrees (approx. 95%) of sequence similarity to the PsaC proteins of other cyanobacteria as well as the chloroplast-encoded proteins of green algae and higher plants. The Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 psaC gene is transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA of approx. 350–400 nt, and transcription is initiated 51 nt upstream from the translational start codon. As found for the chloroplasts of higher plants, the C. paradoxa psaC gene is encoded within the small single-copy region of the cyanelle genome. In contrast to results obtained for chloroplasts and for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, neither psaC gene is flanked by genes encoding components of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex.
A modem for remote hybrid computer terminals—Design and applications

Abstract The design and construction of a modem for a remote hybrid computer terminal is described. This modem utilizes both existing and newly developed equipment to provide true remote access through the switched telephone network to a hybrid computer facility. The unit is used in conjunction with an on-campus, hard wired, remote terminal system. Together, these terminals permit both on- and off-campus students to participate in a new set of simulation laboratories.
Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic and Antimony Species in Environmental Samples using Bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate Chelation and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Simultaneous separation and quantitation of arsenic(III) and antimony(III) can be achieved by extraction with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate followed by supercritical fluid chromatographic (SFC) analysis. Arsenic(V) and antimony(V) are extracted after reduction with potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate. Detection limits of 7 pg As and 11 pg Sb are achieved using this extraction method and SFC. Application to natural water and biological sample analysis is discussed.
Phenomenology of the current-constituent quark transformation for the vector-gluon model

The transformation relating the expansion of hadronic states in the current- and constituent-quark bases is studied in the context of the vector-gluon model. A phenomenological approach is used to estimate the effects of interaction on the algebraic structure of matrix elements describing pionic, electromagnetic, and weak transitions of hadrons. Contributions of terms with exotic transformation properties are found to be negligible in most instances, but are important for higher moments of deep-inelastic structure functions. The magnitude of such terms is related to that of the mass splitting of SU(6) multiplets.
An investigation of the fractionation and sequential characterization of the ribonucleic acids of rat liver

Abstract The isolation of RNA from rat liver by phenol extraction was followed by its separation into two principal fractions: one insoluble (I-RNA), on soluble (S-RNA), in 10 % NaCl solution. I-RNA differed substantially in its composition from S-RNA, not only in adenylic acid and guanylic acid values, but more strikingly in the proportion of pseudouridylic acid which was much higher in S-RNA. The further fractionation of both RNA species was brought about through the stepwise extraction of the respective histone nucleates with increasing concentrations of NaBr in the presence of chloroform. In this manner, I-RNA was divided into 7 or 8 fractions, S-RNA into 5; but with one exception these fractions differed little from each other in the distribution of the major nucleotide components, though the pseudouridylic acid contents fluctuated characteristically. The additional characterization of the preparations made use of their enzymic degradation by pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16). The pattern of mono- and oligonucleotides thus released revealed certain distinctive differences in the nucleotide arrangement prevailing in the various preparations. The results are considered in the general context of the distribution of solitary purine nucleotides and of pyrimidine nucleotide clusters. Certain neighbor preferences are also suggested.
Offshore wind power resource availability and prospects: A global approach

Abstract In the absence of structural incentives that price negative externalities, renewable energies rely primarily on investors’ expectations of future performance to succeed in the marketplace. While there have been many disparate regional analyses of the prospects for clean energy, in particular wind, there is yet a cohesive framework for thinking about global interactions. Using data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the article addresses three shortcomings in empirical renewable policy literature. First, the article briefly synthesizes the current state of the offshore wind literature. Second, the article develops a linear programming model to assess the relative prospects of offshore wind energy throughout seven world regions: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) North America, OECD Europe, OECD Asia and Eurasia, Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia, Non-OECD Asia, Africa, and Central & South America. Third, the article applies the Interactive Agency Model (IAM) as a systems-level framework for thinking about offshore wind development in the presence of social, economic, and institutional attributes. Results suggest that OECD Asia and Eurasia, OECD Europe, and non-OECD Europe and Eurasia, respectively, have the highest potential for offshore wind sector performance. Despite simplifying assumptions, this article presents one of the first evaluations of global offshore wind energy potential for policymakers and industry to consider in crafting future renewable energy investment decisions.
Parental care patterns and energetics of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) monitored with activity transmitters

Male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) care for their offspring from fertilization until the offspring disperse after becoming capable of avoiding p...
Second Harmonic Generation Imaging and Fourier Transform Spectral Analysis Reveal Damage in Fatigue-Loaded Tendons

Conventional histologic methods provide valuable information regarding the physical nature of damage in fatigue-loaded tendons, limited to thin, two-dimensional sections. We introduce an imaging method that characterizes tendon microstructure three-dimensionally and develop quantitative, spatial measures of damage formation within tendons. Rat patellar tendons were fatigue loaded in vivo to low, moderate, and high damage levels. Tendon microstructure was characterized using multiphoton microscopy by capturing second harmonic generation signals. Image stacks were analyzed using Fourier transform-derived computations to assess frequency-based properties of damage. Results showed 3D microstructure with progressively increased density and variety of damage patterns, characterized by kinked deformations at low, fiber dissociation at moderate, and fiber thinning and out-of-plane discontinuities at high damage levels. Image analysis generated radial distributions of power spectral gradients, establishing a “fingerprint” of tendon damage. Additionally, matrix damage was mapped using local, discretized orientation vectors. The frequency distribution of vector angles, a measure of damage content, differed from one damage level to the next. This study established an objective 3D imaging and analysis method for tendon microstructure, which characterizes directionality and anisotropy of the tendon microstructure and quantitative measures of damage that will advance investigations of the microstructural basis of degradation that precedes overuse injuries.
Role of Blood Pressure in Regulating Na+/H+ Exchange in Vascular Smooth Muscle

Na+/H+ exchange differs kinetically in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Both the maximal transport rate and the sensitivity to [H+]i are greater in SHR than in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Kinetic changes are not seen in prehypertensive SHR or in SHR rendered normotensive by captopril therapy. Thus, blood pressure affects the properties of Na+/H+ exchange in SHR. To determine whether elevated pressure would have similar effects on the WKY transporter, WKY rats were rendered hypertensive by treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). Mesenteric arteries from these animals were loaded with the pH-sensitive dye BCECF and Na+/H+ exchange activity was assessed by measuring the Nao-dependent, dimethyl amiloride-sensitive recovery of intracellular pH after acid loading. Treatment with DOCA/salt (two injections of 30 mg of DOCA/kg per week for 4 weeks + 1% NaCl in the drinking water) produced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (181 +/- 29 v 108.1 +/- 6.2 in DOCA/salt v untreated controls), but had no effect on Na+/H+ exchange. Maximal transport rates for untreated, DOCA/salt-treated, and salt-treated rats were virtually identical (0.088 +/- 0.001, 0.103 +/- 0.011, and 0.093 +/- 0.006 mmol/L H+/sec, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity of Na+/H+ exchange to internal H+ (ie, the Hill coefficient) was unchanged (n(app) = 4.3, 3.7, and 4.0, respectively). Because elevation in blood pressure produced no significant alterations in the WKY Na+/H+ exchanger, it seems likely that there are strain differences in the exchanger and/or in processes regulating its activity.
Interference Measurements in the Infrared Spectrum of Neon

To aid in establishing neon standards in the infrared, interference measurements of 23 lines in the 7059 A–8865 A region are reported. The wavelengths were compared with the neon standards in the yellow-red region. Etalons of 3.75, 7.45, 10, 15, and 25 mm were used with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The close consistency of the measurements with the results of Meggers and Humphreys and of Burns, Adams, and Longwell suggest the suitability of these wavelengths as secondary standards.
Blind Identification of Evoked Human Brain Activity With Independent Component Analysis of Optical Data

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) methods observe hemodynamics in the brain by measuring light transmission through the scalp, skull, and brain. Thus, separating signals due to heart pulsations, breathing movements, and systemic blood flow fluctuations from the desired brain functional responses is critical to the fidelity of the derived maps. Herein, we applied independent component analysis (ICA) to temporal signals obtained from a high-density DOT system used for functional mapping of the visual cortex. DOT measurements were taken over the occipital cortex of human adult subjects while they viewed stimuli designed to activate two spatially distinct areas of the visual cortex. ICA was able to extract clean functional hemodynamic signals and separate brain activity sources from hemodynamic fluctuations related to heart and breathing without knowledge of the stimulus paradigm. Furthermore, independent components were found defining distinct functional responses to each stimulus type. Images generated from single ICA components were comparable, with regard to spatial extent and resolution, to images from block averaging (with knowledge of the block stimulus paradigm). Both images and estimated time-series signals demonstrated that ICA was superior to principal component analysis in extracting the true event-evoked response signals. Our results suggest that ICA can extract the time courses and the corresponding spatial extent of functional responses in DOT imaging.
CFD Analysis of the Aerodynamics of a Business-Jet Airfoil with Leading-Edge Ice Accretion

For rime ice - where the ice buildup has only rough and jagged surfaces but no protruding horns - this study shows two dimensional CFD analysis based on the one-equation Spalart-Almaras (S-A) turbulence model to predict accurately the lift, drag, and pressure coefficients up to near the stall angle. For glaze ice - where the ice buildup has two or more protruding horns near the airfoil's leading edge - CFD predictions were much less satisfactory because of the large separated region produced by the horns even at zero angle of attack. This CFD study, based on the WIND and the Fluent codes, assesses the following turbulence models by comparing predictions with available experimental data: S-A, standard k-epsilon, shear-stress transport, v(exp 2)-f, and differential Reynolds stress.
Triosmium-induced dehydrogenation of triethylamine. The crystal structure of HOs3 (CO)10 (-CHCH+NEt2)

The reaction of Os3 (CO)10(NCCH3)2 and triethylamine provides H2 Os3 (CO)10 and HOs3 (CO)10(CHCHNEt2) in equimolar amounts. The structure of the latter compound has been shown to involve an iminium ion center anchored to the Os3 framework by a bridging (substituted) methylene moiety.
President's page: the future of print.

Imagine your life without print: No daily newspaper on your doorstep or desk. No magazine or book at the airport newsstand before boarding a flight. Journals don’t arrive in your mail each month. Your briefcase doesn’t bulge with patient records, articles, and manuscripts and your in-box isn’
The biogenesis of ricinine

Abstract It has been postulated that in some bacteria and some higher plants the pyridine ring of such compounds as nicotinic acid ( Ortega and Brown, 1960 ), nicotine ( Griffith, Hellman, and Byerrum, 1960 ), and the α-pyridone ring of ricinine (Waller and Henderson, 1960) may be synthesized from simple metabolic intermediates related to acetate, succinate, glycerol, or propionate. On the other hand, Tamir and Ginsberg (1959) claimed the specific incorporation of DL-lysine-2-C14 into ricinine. The present study confirms the incorporation of several simple precursors into ricinine (Fig. 1) by Ricinus communis L. It is suggested that the results obtained, as well as the results of other workers, can best be explained by adopting the idea that succinic acid or a closely related 4-carbon dicarboxylic acid found in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle is a direct precursor of ricinine.
The growth and role of Microplitis demolitor teratocytes in parasitism of Pseudoplusia includens

Abstract The growth and function of Microplitis demolitor teratocytes in Pseudoplusia includens larvae was investigated. An average of 542 teratocytes was produced per M. demolitor egg. The number of teratocytes present per host declined during the course of parasitoid development, but the size of individual cells increased. The ploidy levels of teratocytes ranged from 2 to 8C at hatching, but had increased to 128–256C at the completion of parasitoid development. Injection of in vitro cultured teratocytes into fourth stadium P. includens larvae had an inconsistent effect on development. Most larvae pupated without delay when injected with a physiological dose of 600 teratocytes, but 54% of larvae failed to pupate when injected with a superphysiological dose of 2400 teratocytes. Examination of teratocytes indicated most cells were encapsulated by P. includens haemocytes within 24 h of injection. However, prior injection of larvae with M. demolitor calyx fluid or polydnavirus plus venom suppressed the encapsulation response. Further, 87% of larvae injected with polydnavirus plus venom and 600 teratocytes exhibited alterations in growth that were very similar to parasitism by M. demolitor .
Catalytic supercritical water oxidation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene

Abstract Catalytic supercritical water oxidation occurs through a combination of reaction pathways, consisting of heterogeneous oxidation on the surface of the catalyst and homogeneous oxidation in the solvent. The overall reaction rate should be a combination of the rates of the individual pathways and thus greater than either catalytic oxidation or supercritical water oxidation. Experiments, however, indicate that the reaction rate is slower during catalytic oxidation in supercritical water than during gas-phase catalysis. Continuous flow experiments in supercritical water indicate that both the adsorption equilibrium constant and the rate constant for adsorption are enhanced at high pressure. Thus, the mechanism for catalytic inhibition by supercritical water appears to be a shift in the equilibrium of the adsorbed reactant, and therefore a change in the rate determining step of the catalytic reaction.
ASIS&T 2008 annual meeting poster FRBR and the 'known-item' search

The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenon of the “known-item search,” to investigate and map out its parameters. The research reported on here is the result of pretesting a survey that will be administered to public and academic library users looking for a particular book, asking them about the extent to which they would accept the substitute of a related item for the one they are looking for. The research is being framed in terms of the 1998 document model, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), in which different levels, or aspects, of content have been identified. FRBR is being incorporated into international library cataloging standards, however, research is only now beginning to be conducted to test the applicability of the model to people who are actually searching for documents. The study has two purposes: first, to improve information systems, particularly online catalogs, using specific knowledge of the range of acceptable items that may be the object of a search, and second, to determine the extent to which the FRBR model is useful in describing entities of interest to library users.
Reported speech and the development of authorial voice in middle childhood

The presentation of speech-in-text is an inherently meta-linguistic practice. When children bring speech into their writing, they are necessarily attending to speech as such. Constructing reported speech requires them to use language reflexively and may be a critical component of the development of an authorial voice. We examined 3495 occasions of reported speech or talk about speech in 689 personal narratives by 4th, 5th, and 6th graders in two inner-city schools. We found grade-related increases in the use of reported speech, in the variety of forms of reported speech used, and in the strategic alignment of reported speech form with plot. We also found a relationship between the use of reported speech and explicitly meta-narrative comments. We argue that as children begin to perform Bahktin’s ‘layering of voices’ in their stories, they are developing a meta-awareness of stories-as-stories. This meta-awareness, we propose, co-evolves with children’s use of reported speech forms, reveals itself in their strategic use of these forms, and gives us a glimpse of an emerging self-conscious narrator. As they become more conscious of themselves as authors in middle childhood, their stories begin to demonstrate qualities of literariness–the qualities of an authorial voice.
Strategies for the systematic sequencing of complex genomes

Recent spectacular advances in the technologies and strategies for DNA sequencing have profoundly accelerated the detailed analysis of genomes from myriad organisms. The past few years alone have seen the publication of near-complete or draft versions of the genome sequence of several well-studied, multicellular organisms — most notably, the human. As well as providing data of fundamental biological significance, these landmark accomplishments have yielded important strategic insights that are guiding current and future genome-sequencing projects.
Escalation with overdose control using all toxicities and time to event toxicity data in cancer Phase I clinical trials

The primary purposes of Phase I cancer clinical trials are to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the treatment schedule of a new drug. Phase I trials usually involve a small number of patients so that fully utilizing all toxicity information including time to event toxicity data is key to improving the trial efficiency and the accuracy of MTD estimation. Chen et al. proposed a novel normalized equivalent toxicity score (NETS) system to fully utilize multiple toxicities per patient instead of a binary indicator of dose limiting toxicity (DLT). Cheung and Chappell developed the time to toxicity event (TITE) approach to incorporate time to toxicity event data. Escalation with overdose control (EWOC) is an adaptive Bayesian Phase I design which can allow rapid dose escalation while controlling the probability of overdosing patients. In this manuscript, we use EWOC as a framework and integrate it with the NETS system and the TITE approach to develop an advanced Phase I design entitled EWOC-NETS-TITE. We have conducted simulation studies to compare its operating characteristics using selected derived versions of EWOC because EWOC itself has already been extensively compared with common Phase I designs [3]. Simulation results demonstrate that EWOC-NETS-TITE can substantially improve the trial efficiency and accuracy of MTD determination as well as allow patients to be entered in a staggered fashion to significantly shorten trial duration. Moreover, user-friendly software for EWOC-NETS-TITE is under development.
Conservative differencing procedures for rotationally symmetric flow with swirl

Abstract When swirling motion is accompanied by a rapid radial component of flow toward the axis, numerical procedures for handling the coupling term in the azimuthal velocity equation become unstable. The difficulty is averted by replacing this equation with one which governs the angular momentum per unit mass. Moreover, since this is a physically conserved quantity, differencing schemes can be constructed directly from a balance law. Conservative schemes thus emerge automatically. In plane motion of an incompressible fluid, the vorticity is a pseudo-conserved quantity, i.e., it is governed by a differential equation which resembles one derived from a physical balance law. This is not the case for the vorticity of the meridional motion of a rotationally symmetric flow. However, a little known theorem due to the 19th century hydrodynamicist A.F. Svanberg demonstrates that the vorticity divided by the distance from the axis of symmetry is pseudo-conserved. This is useful for deriving differencing schemes governing the meridional motion. In the present paper these concepts are used to obtain prognostic procedures which are then applied to a problem of flow in a crystal-growing crucible. Crystal and crucible rotation provide the swirl and thermocapillary flow provides the inward radial motion which renders earlier procedures unsatisfactory.
Prolonged individuality of the accessory contribution to the vagus: a peculiarity of the pig.

The bulbar and spinal components of the accessory nerve of the pig are thoroughly integrated in a common trunk at the jugular foramen. The fibers of bulbar origin separate from this trunk to form the internal ramus. The latter is especially demonstrable in the pig, since it is independent over a considerable distance in the upper part of the neck before joining the vagus. As far distally as the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the efferent fibers contributed to the vagus by the accessory nerve remain histologically separate from the afferent fibers belonging properly to the vagus. Parasympathetic, branchiomotor and afferent fibers can be distinguished in the vagal trunk without the necessity of inducing selective degeneration by supranodose vagotomy.
Cytotoxic Effect of Lymphocyte-Antigen Interaction in Delayed Hypersensitivity

Lymph node cells from inbred rats having delayed sensitivity to soluble proteins inhibit growth of syngeneic or allogeneic fibroblasts in the presence of specific antigen. A relation is suggested between this in vitro phenomenon and other systems believed to be specific manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity.
Dermatitis due to resin-finished shorts and fabrics

Abstract From these data the following general principles may be derived: 1.1. Fabrics covering large tracts, or relatively large tracts, of the body should not be finished with mixtures containing resins, particularly in the presence of a wetting (emulsifying) agent, unless it can be shown that such mixtures have negligible sensitizing powers. 2.2. This applies not only to the special ester gum, but also to other substances with similar physical properties. 3.3. General methods of patch testing with processed wearing apparel have been previously discussed. 6
Corrosion Rates of Fasteners in Treated Wood Exposed to 100% Relative Humidity

In the past, gravimetric corrosion data for fasteners exposed to treated wood has been reported as a percent weight loss. Although percent weight loss is a valid measure of corrosion for comparing identical fasteners, it can distort the corrosion performance of fasteners with different geometries and densities. This report reevaluates a key report on the corrosiveness of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and ammoniacal copper arsenate (ACA) and converts the previous data into corrosion rates. In addition, similar experiments were run in wood treated with alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ). Comparison of the corrosion rates reveals ACQ treated wood is more corrosive than CCA treated wood for every metal. The corrosion rate of aluminum was found to be lower than both hot-dip galvanized steel and electroplated galvanized steel in ACQ, ACA, and CCA treated wood. In ACA and ACQ treated wood, the electroplated galvanized fastener had a lower corrosion rate than the hot-dip galvanized fastener.
RANK Signaling Is Not Required for TNFα‐Mediated Increase in CD11bhi Osteoclast Precursors but Is Essential for Mature Osteoclast Formation in TNFα‐Mediated Inflammatory Arthritis

To address the controversy of whether TNFα can compensate for RANKL in osteoclastogenesis in vivo, we used a TNFα-induced animal model of inflammatory arthritis and blocked RANKL/RANK signaling. TNFα increased osteoclast precursors available for RANK-dependent osteoclastogenesis. RANK signaling is not required for the TNFα-stimulated increase in CD11bhi osteoclast precursors but is essential for mature osteoclast formation. Introduction: Although critical roles of TNFα in inflammatory arthritis and RANKL in bone resorption have been firmly established, a central controversy remains about the extent to which TNFα can compensate for RANKL during osteoclastogenesis and the stage at which RANK signaling is required for osteoclastogenesis. Here, we used the human TNFα transgenic mouse model (TNF-Tg) of erosive arthritis to determine if there are both RANK-dependent and -independent stages of osteoclastogenesis in TNFα-induced erosive arthritis. Materials and Methods: Osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast precursor (OCP) frequency were analyzed using histology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and cell culture from (1) TNF-Tg mice treated with the RANKL antagonist, RANK:Fc, or (2) TNF-Tg × RANK−/− mice generated by crossing TNF-Tg mice with RANK−/− mice. Results: Treatment of TNF-Tg mice, which have increased OCPs in their spleens, with RANK:Fc dramatically reduced osteoclast numbers on the surface of their arthritic joints and within their bones, but did not decrease CD11bhi OCP numbers in their spleens. Long-term RANK:Fc administration alleviated joint erosion. Furthermore, TNF-Tg × RANK−/− mice had severe osteopetrosis, no osteoclasts, and no joint erosion, but increased CD11bhi precursor numbers that failed to form mature osteoclasts in vitro. Conclusion: RANK signaling is essential for mature osteoclast formation in TNFα-mediated inflammatory arthritis but not for the TNFα-induced increase in CD11bhi OCP that subsequently can differentiate into osteoclasts in inflamed joints.
The complex dynamics of high performance teams

The connectivity of a team is highly correlated with its performance. Connectivity is measured by the strength and number of cross-correlations among time series of the coded speech acts of meeting participants. Connectivity is used as a control parameter in a nonlinear dynamical model derived from the observed time series. Different types of attractors occur in phase space depending on the team's connectivity and performance level: low performance teams show point attractors, medium performance teams show limit cycles, and high performance teams show low-dimensional chaotic attractors.
The Effect of Transfer and Hospital Volume in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

Prompt management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is critical. Literature is inconclusive regarding outcomes for patients directly admitted to specialized centers versus transferred from lower-volume hospitals. Providers are often unclear about the safety of transferring critical patients. This study evaluated the “transfer effect” in a large sample of aneurysmal SAH patients undergoing treatment. Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2002–2007 data, we analyzed outcomes of SAH patients treated with coil or clip procedures. Analyses studied the effect of direct-admit versus transfer admission on mortality, discharge disposition, complications, length of stay (LOS), and total charges. Of 47,114 patients, 31,711 (67.3 %) were direct-admits and 15,403 (32.7 %) were transfers. More transfer patients were coiled than direct-admits (45.3 vs. 33.7 %, p < 0.0001) and fewer underwent ventriculostomy (26.6 vs. 31.5 %, p = 0.003). Older age (OR 1.2, p < 0.0001), higher disease severity (OR 1.4, p < 0.0001), lower volume (OR 1.5, p < 0.0001), and ventriculostomy (OR 2.1, p < 0.0001) increased mortality and predicted non-routine discharge, complications, LOS, and charges. Transfer patients had similar mortality (OR 0.9, p = 0.13) and complications (OR 0.9, p = 0.22) as direct-admits, but incurred higher non-routine discharge (OR 1.3, p = 0.002). Analysis of grade V patients demonstrated similar outcomes between direct-admits and transfers; however, charges for treating transfer patients were notably higher ($401,386 vs. $242,774, p = 0.03). Patients treated in the lowest volume hospitals were 1.6 times more likely to die than those treated at the highest quintile hospitals. Among the critically ill grade V patients, transfer to higher-volume specialized centers did not increase the likelihood of a poor prognosis.
Determination of urinary phytoestrogens by HPLC-MS/MS: a comparison of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI).

Abstract A comparison of the analytical performance of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) for the quantitative determination of six urinary phytoestrogens (daidzein, O -desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol, enterolactone and genistein) by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) is presented here. Both APCI and ESI were suitable for the analysis of these compounds; however, ESI did improve measurement imprecision and sensitivity in certain cases. Method imprecision (between-run coefficients of variation [CVs] from duplicate analysis of three quality control [QC] urine pools across 20 runs) was 5.6–12% for ESI, as opposed to 5.3–30% for APCI. At low concentrations (3–60 ng/mL, analyte dependent) imprecision was lower with ESI, whereas both techniques were generally commensurate at high concentrations (200–1000 ng/mL, analyte dependent). Method accuracy (spiked analyte recovery from the QC pools) was comparable between techniques: 86–114% for ESI; 95–105% for APCI. Limits of detection (LODs) were equivalent or better with ESI compared to APCI, with the most significant LOD improvement observed for equol (ESI: 0.3 ng/mL; APCI: 2.7 ng/mL). This translated into a substantial increase in equol detection frequency (% of sample results above LOD) within a random patient sample subset (98% for ESI, compared to 81% for APCI, n = 378). Correlation (Pearson) and agreement (Deming regression, Bland-Altman bias) between ESI and APCI results in the patient subset was better in cases where imprecision and sensitivity was similar for both techniques (daidzein, enterolactone, genistein: r = 0.993–0.998; slope = 0.98–1.03; bias = −4.2 to −0.8%); correlation and/or agreement was poorer for analytes, where APCI imprecision and sensitivity were inferior (equol, O -desmethylangolensin, enterodiol). Baring significant factors arising from differences in ionization source design, these observations suggest that ESI is more appropriate for urinary biomonitoring of these compounds by LC–MS/MS.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide: Update 2003

Use of the novel biological mediator nitric oxide is described as a selective pulmonary vasodilator when inhaled in low concentrations.
A pre-metallocene single-site catalyst for olefin polymerization: the V(acac)3 – Ali-Bu2Cl system

A combination of GPC, DSC, and 13C NMR data for an ethylene/1-hexene copolymer prepared with the V(acac)3 - Ali-Bu2Cl system at 5 °C shows that this catalyst system was one of the earliest pre-metallocene catalysts for olefin polymerization.
Oxidation of Metal Carbynes in the Presence of Alkynes. Alkyne Addition vs H-Shift in the Carbene Intermediate

One-electron oxidation of the carbyne complex (η5-C5H5)(CO){P(OPh)3}Mo⋮CCH2CH2CH2CH3 (1a) in the presence of phenylacetylene results in H-abstraction and addition of the alkyne to the resulting metal carbene. The final product of the addition is the η1η2-allyl complex (η5-C5H5)(CO){P(OPh)3}Mo[η1:η2-CH{P(OPh)3}C(Ph)CH(CH2CH2CH2CH3)] (2a), the structure of which was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Foramen ovale size in the normal and abnormal human fetal heart: an indicator of transatrial flow physiology.

We used fetal echocardiography to measure the sizes of the foramen ovale and atrial septum in 80 human fetuses from 17.5 to 38 weeks gestation. Forty-six fetuses had normal cardiac anatomy, 19 had left heart obstructive lesions, and 15 had right heart obstructive lesions. Pulsed and color flow Doppler studies were incorporated when available. We found that normal fetuses had a foramen ovale/atrial septum size ratio of 0.33 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SD). In all (52%) fetuses in which it was available, pulsed Doppler study revealed bidirectional, but predominantly right-to-left, flow through the foramen ovale. Fetuses with left heart obstructive lesions had a foramen ovale/atrial septum size ratio smaller than normal (0.28 +/- 0.05; p < 0.001). Seven of nine fetuses with left heart obstructive lesions who had color Doppler studies demonstrated reversal of the normal flow pattern, exhibiting unidirectional left-to-right transforamenal flow. Those with right heart obstructive lesions had a larger than normal foramen ovale/atrial septum size ratio (0.47 +/- 0.04; p < 0.001). Nine fetuses with right heart obstructive lesions had color Doppler studies which demonstrated almost exclusive right-to-left transforamenal flow. We conclude that foramen ovale/atrial septum size ratio and Doppler interrogation of transatrial flow are helpful adjuncts in determining the presence of congenital heart disease in utero. In addition, early detection of abnormal foramen ovale/atrial septum size ratio may predict whether left or right ventricular development will be impaired throughout gestation, even before gross disparity of ventricular size is apparent.
File organizations & incrementally specified queries

Queries to information retrieval systems are often incrementally specified as a result of user interaction with the system. However, most discussions of file organizations consider only completely specified queries. The choice of file organizations to support such incremental specification is discussed qualitatively in this extended abstract. (Quantitative comparisons are partially complete and are not presented here.) Organizations which are advantageous for completely specified queries are not necessarily so for incrementally specified queries (and vice versa).
Characterization and purification of malonyl-coenzyme A:[acyl-carrier-protein] transacylases from spinach and Anabaena variabilis

Abstract The malonyl-CoA: [acyl-carrier-protein] transacylases from spinach and Anabaena variabilis have been isolated. Both transacylases behaved analogously during ammonium sulfate precipitation and during gel filtration and anion-exchange column chromatography. The approximate M r values determined by HPLC gel-filtration chromatography for spinach and A. variabilis were 31000 and 36000, respectively. The pH optima and thermal stability for both transacylases were also very similar. The K m values for acyl carrier protein in spinach and A. variabilis were 0.4 mM for each. For malonvl-CoA, the K m values were 0.5 mM for spinach and 0.3 mM for A. variabilis . CoA was found to inhibit competitively both transacylases with respect to malonyl-CoA and acyl carrier protein. The K i values for CoA with respect to malonyl-CoA were 23 μM and 15 μM for spinach and A. variabilis , respectively. The K i values for CoA with respect to acyl carrier protein were 30 μM and 9 μM for spinach and A. variabilis . The competitive inhibition of the transacylases by CoA with respect to malonyl-CoA was inconsistent with the ‘Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism’ proposed for Escherichia coli transacylase. The data were entirely consistent with a random sequential mechanism. Based on the observed physical and catalytic properties of these two transacylases we conclude that plant and cyanobacteria fatty acid synthetases are very similar.
Management of Chronic Myelopathy Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living

Many disorders can injure the spinal cord resulting in long-term chronic myelopathy. Spinal cord dysfunction influences the homeostasis of multiple organ systems ranging from the heart or lung to the integument, thus presenting a wide variety of challenges for medical management. Although most of our knowledge about the consequences of myelopathies derives from the study of traumatic spinal cord injuries, similar complications occur in myelopathies of all etiologies. The authors survey some of the important clinical issues that the general neurologist needs to consider in caring for patients with chronic spinal cord disease.
Activated chemisorption of CH4 and internal molecular motions

Abstract Measurements have been made of the sticking coefficient for methane at different gas temperatures chemisorbing on freshly evaporated films of rhodium kept at 0 ° C. The activation energy of 11 kcal/mol found in these experiments for chemisorption directly from the gas phase exceeds by far the value of 5 kcal/mol, reported previously for chemisorption when gas and film are isothermal. The difference is in quantitative agreement with the independently known desorption energy of molecularly bound methane from rhodium. This result is expected if the energy of internal molecular motions, rather than translational energy, is most effective in facilitating activated chemisorption in this system.