cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Branch and bound and heuristic procedures for assembly line balancing with paralleling of stations

Abstract A critical assumption made in formulating the classical assembly line balancing model is that the line is ‘serial’ with no ‘paralleling’ of stations allowed. A model is proposed here which allows the paralleling of stations, thereby achieving a higher production rate and lower labour costs. The mathematical formulation of the proposed model results in a mixed integer program. A branch and bound and a heuristic solution procedure, derived from the branch and bound method, are presented. An example problem is used for illustration. Some computational experience is also provided.
Comparison of estimation methods for weibull parameters: Complete and censored samples

This paper compares several methods for estimating the parameters of the two-parameter Weibull distribution with complete, multiply time censored, and type II censored samples. An extensive simulation study compares the performance of these estimators.
Vacancy annealing in quenched and deformed gold: Tetrahedron formation at vacancy type dislocation debris along directions

(1964). Vacancy annealing in quenched and deformed gold: Tetrahedron formation at vacancy type dislocation debris along directions. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics: Vol. 10, No. 108, pp. 1067-1074.
Transgenically Encoded Protein Photoinactivation (FlAsH-FALI): Acute Inactivation of Synaptotagmin I

Abstract We demonstrate a noninvasive technique for protein photoinactivation using a transgenically encoded tag. A tetracysteine motif that binds the membrane-permeable fluorescein derivative 4′,5′-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein (FlAsH) was engineered into synaptotagmin I (Syt I4C). Neuronally expressed Syt I4C rescues the syt I null mutation, can be visualized after FlAsH labeling, and is normally distributed at the Drosophila neuromuscular synapse. Illumination of FlAsH bound Syt I4C at 488 nm decreases evoked release in seconds demonstrating efficient fluorophore-assisted light inactivation (FlAsH-FALI) of Syt I. The inactivation of Syt I is proportional to the duration of illumination and follows first-order kinetics. In addition, Syt I FlAsH-FALI is specific and does not impair Syt I-independent vesicle fusion. We demonstrate that Syt I is required for a post-docking step during vesicle fusion but does not function to stabilize the docked vesicle state.
Fatty Acid Supplied as Triglyceride Regulates SRE-Mediated Gene Expression as Efficiently as Free Fatty Acids

Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are key transcription proteins that bind to sterol regulatory elements (SRE) of genes essential for cellular cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) strongly inhibit SREBP processing at post-transcriptional levels. We questioned if delivering PUFA as part of a triglyceride (TG) molecule would have similar effects and efficiency as free non-esterified PUFA. CHO cells stably transfected with an SRE-promoter linked to the luciferase reporter gene were incubated for 8–24 h with linoleic acid (LA) complexed to BSA (molar ratios 0.5–4:1), VLDL-sized trilinolein emulsions (TL, 25–200 μg/ml), and chylomicron-sized soy oil emulsions in the presence and absence of apoE. Effects of LA and TL on decreasing SRE-luciferase activity were similar and dose and time dependent. Both TL and LA significantly and rapidly (≤2–12 h) reduced SRE-mediated gene expression by up to 75%. At equal fatty acid concentrations, SRE inhibition by TL was as effective as LA. ApoE addition increased inhibition by TL. Inhibition of gene expression was highly correlated to cell TG accumulation. We conclude that TG like fatty acids are rapid and efficient modulators of SRE-mediated gene expression.
Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of nine species of Hypocrea with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma section Hypocreanum

Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat, a partial sequence of RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and a partial sequence of the large exon of tef1 (LEtef1) were used to investigate the taxonomy and systematics of nine Hypocrea species with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum. Hypocrea corticioides and H. sulphurea are reevaluated. Their Trichoderma anamorphs are described and the phylogenetic positions of these species are determined. Hypocrea sulphurea and H. subcitrina are distinct species based on studies of the type specimens. Hypocrea egmontensis is a facultative synonym of the older name H. subcitrina. Hypocrea with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum formed a well-supported clade. Five species with anamorphs morphologically similar to sect. Hypocreanum, H. avellanea, H. parmastoi, H. megalocitrina, H. alcalifuscescens, and H. pezizoides, are not located in this clade. Protocrea farinosa belongs to Hypocrea s.s.
De-adhesion by the growth of penny-shaped bubbles in an adhesive layer

Abstract The separation of two parallel rigid plates sandwiching a thin viscous adhesive layer can be accelerated by the presence of bubbles in the adhesive layer. As plates move apart the bubbles grow rapidly in the lateral direction; upon coalescence complete de-adhesion occurs. In this paper, the rate of growth of the bubbles in response to a tensile stress is analysed in detail. Hot-pressed ceramics such as silicon nitride which are known to contain a viscous glassy phase in the grain boundaries fracture intergranularly at elevated temperature. Growth of pennyshaped bubbles in the boundaries could be one of the mechanisms of fracture in these ceramics.
Surface superconductivity andH c3 in UPt3

Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory is used to study surface superconductivity for UPt3 for various order parameter symmetries (OPS), andHc3 is found for all principal directions of the surface normal\(\hat n\) and the field [1]. Assuming specular reflection, and allowing for reorientation of the antiferromagnetic symmetry breaking field in the models withE1g,E2g,E1u, orE2u symmetry, the experiments of Keller et al. [2] with\(\hat n = \hat a\) can be qualitatively explained for all OPS except possiblyA1u⊕B1u. The implied GL parameters then predict qualitatively different and OPS dependent behavior for\(\hat n = \hat a^* \) and\(\hat n = \hat c\). Study ofHc3 for these surfaces would give strong clues about the OPS of UPt3.
Regulation of bile acid synthesis: Isolation and characterization of microsomal phosphatases

Summary In preliminary experiments, we have shown that rat liver microsomes possess phosphatase activity which was inhibited in the presence of sodium fluoride. We have now separated six microsomal phosphatase fractions appearing to be isoenzymes. They all possess different kinetic constants and are not equally inhibited by tartrate and fluoride ions, inhibitors of phosphatase activity. One phosphatase fraction, in fact, is almost completely unaffected by fluoride ion. More pertinent to our interest, these isoenzymes exhibit differing abilities to modulate the activities of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase, acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acetyltransferase, and cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase. Interaction of four of the fractions with rat liver microsomes resulted in a decrease in cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase activity; two were without effect.
Design and Operation of the SPEAR II RF System

The SPEAR storage ring was initially designed to operate at an energy of 2.5 GeV but with a capability built into the magnets for operation above 4.0 GeV. To operate at these high energies, a completely new RF system was necessary. Four straight sections were available to provide the over 7 megavolts of RF necessary. A frequency of 358 MHz was chosen with a decision made to use klystron amplifiers for the power tubes. earlier papers. 1’ ? . esign considerations have been given in
Alcohol and Heroin Use Patterns of Narcotics Addicts: Gender and Ethnic Differences

Data on lifetime alcohol and heroin use by 443 White and Chicano addicts of both genders were obtained from a sample of admissions to several Southern California methadone maintenance programs. Pat...
No relationship between the size of the deletion and the level of developmental delay in cri-du-chat syndrome.

Molecular cytogenetic and developmental assessment was performed on 50 individuals with cri-du-chat syndrome. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis was used to confirm a terminal deletion karyotype and map more precisely the location of the deletion breakpoint. We identified terminal deletion breakpoints mapping from 5p15.2 to 5p13. Developmental assessment was performed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales test. Composite Vineland Scores ranged from 20-75. In general, the communication score was higher than the composite score. Comparison of the size of the deletion with the composite Vineland score, as well as the Vineland Communication score, demonstrated that there was no correlation between the size of the deletion and the level of developmental delay. These results demonstrate that patients with cri-du-chat syndrome show high variability in the level of developmental achievement.
Rates and mechanisms of discontinuous gully erosion in a red-brown earth catchment, New South Wales, Australia.

Rainfall, runoff, sediment discharge, and gully expansion were measured for five years in a small (45 ha) catchment in central N.S.W. Sixty per cent of the sediment produced from this catchment originated from gully erosion. Gully head erosion was episodic depending on pipe development, cracking, and soil detachment during small runoff events which prepared the heads for rapid soil movement by the infrequent large event.
Heterochromia in designed metallopeptides: geometry-selective binding of CdII in a de novo peptide.

One of the most important chemical concepts is defining how one molecule recognizes and controls the properties of another molecule or ion. Nowhere is this issue more significant than in the field of biomolecular recognition. Metalloproteins efficiently control the geometry and coordination number of metal ions as well as the types of ligands bound to them. Incorporation of metals in the correct binding site is essential for proper biological activity of the protein, regardless of whether the function is catalytic, structural, or regulatory. Despite the importance of metalloproteins, the major factors determining metal-ion selectivity and specificity are not yet well understood. Recent studies on metalloregulatory proteins and carbonic anhydrase suggest that coordination number and geometry of the metal ion are key elements. This control becomes even more significant when proteins can bind two metal ions with different coordination environments. This is the case for the enzyme 5’-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, which contains two Zn centers, one bound in a five-coordinate geometry and the other bound in a pseudotetrahedral geometry. Interestingly, lead toxicity is mainly due to the replacement by a Pb ion of the Zn ion bound to the tetrahedral site. Thus, a deep knowledge of the factors determining this delicate ion recognition is crucial to understanding the principles that govern metalloprotein structure and function. Using the de novo designed TRI peptide family (TRI= Ac-G-(LKALEEK)4-G-NH2), we have been investigating the influence of protein environment on metal-ion specificity and how subtle changes in the amino acid sequence can fully control the coordination number of the metal ion. By exploiting our previous observations that we could influence the metal binding affinity in the TRI coiled coils by placing cysteine in either position a or d of the heptad repeat unit, we designed a TRI derivative with two cysteine binding sites (TRI L9CL19C, Table 1) that shows sequential and selective binding of Cd ions, first to the a site and then to the d site.
Trends in night-time city lights and vegetation indices associated with urbanization within the conterminous USA

Two datasets that depict the night-time light emitted from the conterminous USA during 1992/1993 and 2000 were compared for changes in light emission. The locations of observed differences in night-time light during this interval were examined for differences observed in a time-integrated vegetation index associated with net primary production. Just over 13% of the land area within the study region exhibited greater night-time light emitted in 2000 compared to 1992/1993. The locations of greater emitted light were found to have decreased values of the time-integrated vegetation index compared to locations that did not exhibit significant increases in emitted light. The observed decrease in the time-integrated vegetation index within the regions of greater emitted light is likely to be due to the change in land cover (increased urbanization) during this interval. The results suggest that the emitted light data were more useful for assessment of urban growth than the integrated vegetation index data.
The Magnetic Field of Jupiter: A Comparison of Radio Astronomy and Spacecraft Observations

The inner magnetic field of Jupiter is characterized on the basis of Pioneer 10 and 11 measurements and earth-based decimetric radio observations. The dipole parameters derived from the two data sets are in good agreement. Problems in reconciling asymmetries observed in the earth-based data and the spacecraft data are discussed. Models of synchrotron emission from arbitrary magnetic field configurations and high-resolution maps of the Jovian radiation belts in all polarizations are needed to further understanding of Jupiter's magnetic field
A controlled trial of the cost benefit of computerized bayesian aminoglycoside administration.

We studied the effect of a bayesian pharmacokinetic dosing program on the outcome of aminoglycoside therapy in patients with clinical infections. Patients were randomized to a control (dosing based on physician choice; n = 75) or experimental group (dosing based on the bayesian program; n = 72). Both groups used serum aminoglycoside concentration data when making dosing decisions. Improved response rates were seen in the experimental (60%; 42/68) compared with the control group (48%; 36/68). A higher, but not statistically significant, incidence of toxicity was found in the control (7/75; 9.7%) versus the experimental group (4/72; 5.1%). Mean length of total hospital stay was significantly longer for patients in the control group (20.3 days) compared with the experimental group (16.0 days) (p = 0.028). The variables from multivariate analysis with a significant impact on length of stay were patient group and length of aminoglycoside therapy. On the basis of a reduced length of stay, a potential cost savings of $1311 per patient can be achieved. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1991) 49, 685–694; doi:10.1038/clpt.1991.86
Scattering by an infinite periodic array of microstrip elements

An analysis of the scattering by an infinite periodic array of microstrip disks is made using a Galerkin solution of a vector integral equation. The solution is examined for convergence and compared with theory and experiment. The solution is used to minimize the loss and maximize the bandwidth of the element in a reflectarray configuration.
Intramitochondrial protein synthesis is regulated by matrix adenine nucleotide content and requires calcium.

Abstract The hypothesis that fluctuations in matrix adenine nucleotide content (ATP + ADP + AMP) may regulate intramitochondrial protein synthesis was investigated in newborn and adult rat liver mitochondria. Protein synthesis in mitochondria from 0-h-old newborns, which contain 3.4 ± 0.3 nmol adenine nucleotide/mg protein, was >90% lower than protein synthesis in mitochondria from 4-h-old newborns, which contain 9.1 ± 0.2 nmol adenine nucleotide/mg protein. If 0-h newborn mitochondria were preincubated to accumulate adenine nucleotides to 16.8 nmol/mg protein in vitro , the protein synthesis rate increased 25-fold compared to control. Adult rat liver mitochondria normally contain 12-14 nmol adenine nucleotide/mg protein and exhibit a brisk rate of protein synthesis. Following a preincubation to deplete adenine nucleotides in vitro down to 3 nmol/mg protein, protein synthesis in adult liver mitochondria was nearly abolished. Conversely, when adult mitochondria were preincubated to super-load adenine nucleotides (to 29 nmol/mg protein), the rate of protein synthesis was doubled. Protein synthesis was also inhibited when the matrix ATP/ADP ratio was lowered by adding FCCP or by omitting phosphate. In adult mitochondria, protein synthesis was inhibited by 0.5 mM EGTA and was increased in proportion to buffered free calcium between 0 and 20 μM. The rate of intramitochondrial RNA synthesis was not inhibited by EGTA nor affected by variations in matrix adenine nucleotide content. The results show that intramitochondrial translation requires matrix calcium and is regulated by changes in the matrix adenine nucleotide content that affect the matrix ATP concentration. The matrix adenine nucleotide content is controlled by the ATP-Mg/ P i carrier. In newborns, the matrix adenine nucleotide content increases 3-fold within 2-4 h after birth, stimulating mitochondrial translation 10-fold and probably contributing to the onset of postnatal mitochondrial biogenesis and adaptation to aerobic metabolism.
Tryptophan interactions in bacteriorhodopsin: a heteronuclear solid-state NMR study.

The bulky and amphiphilic nature of tryptophan residues makes them particularly interesting components of proteins. In bacteriorhodopsin, four of the eight tryptophan residues are in the active site, forming parts of the retinal binding pocket. In this work, we use solid-state NMR to study the interactions of the tryptophan residues in wild-type bacteriorhodopsin, in the resting state, and in critical intermediates of the proton-motive photocycle. The range of the chemical shifts of the indole nitrogens suggests that all eight of them are hydrogen bonded. Using difference spectroscopy, we isolate several changes in these hydrogen bonds in the early and late M states. As found earlier for the peptide backbone, some perturbations found in the early M state relax in the transition to the late M state while new perturbations arise. Interestingly, Rotational Echo DOuble Resonance (REDOR) difference spectroscopy of (20- 13 C)retinal,- (indole- 15 N)Trp-bR shows that indole of Trp182 is not involved in the significant hydrogen bond perturbations. We also use REDOR to measure dipolar interactions in (20- 13 C)retinal,(indole- 15 N)Trp- bR, and thereby determine the distance between the C20 of retinal and the indole nitrogen of Trp182. The internuclear distance changes only slightly from the light-adapted state (3.36 ( 0.2 A) to the early M state (3.16 ( 0.4 A).
On the structural properties of massive telecom call graphs: findings and implications

With ever growing competition in telecommunications markets, operators have to increasingly rely on business intelligence to offer the right incentives to their customers. Toward this end, existing approaches have almost solely focussed on the individual behaviour of customers. Call graphs, that is, graphs induced by people calling each other, can allow telecom operators to better understand the interaction behaviour of their customers, and potentially provide major insights for designing effective incentives.In this paper, we use the Call Detail Records of a mobile operator from four geographically disparate regions to construct call graphs, and analyse their structural properties. Our findings provide business insights and help devise strategies for Mobile Telecom operators. Another goal of this paper is to identify the shape of such graphs. In order to do so, we extend the well-known reachability analysis approach with some of our own techniques to reveal the shape of such massive graphs. Based on our analysis, we introduce the Treasure-Hunt model to describe the shape of mobile call graphs. The proposed techniques are general enough for analysing any large graph. Finally, how well the proposed model captures the shape of other mobile call graphs needs to be the subject of future studies.
Multifunction intravascular ultrasound for microbubble based drug delivery

A compact, single element, mechanically rotated intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) transducer for microbubble-based drug delivery and imaging has been designed and fabricated. This device provides displacement, delivery, and imaging capabilities to enable microbubble-based delivery of a therapeutic drug and delivery verification. The IVUS transducer was designed and fabricated to operate at a center frequency of 7 MHz. Acoustic radiation radiation force displacement of microbubbles, fluorophore delivery using microbubbles in vitro and imaging capabilities were demonstrated. Finally, a fluorescent model drug was delivered under physiological flow conditions to an ex vivo porcine artery using the prototype IVUS.
Pioneer Lecture-- The Paramagnetic Force In Plant Growth and Insect Control

It is a mystery how someone who was born in Menlo, Iowa in 1909 and in 1941 completed all of his undergraduate and graduate education at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. decided to pursue a career in medical and veterinary entomology. At 17 years of age, Carroll Newton Smith worked as a Congressional Page. He liked to joke that he began only 6-7 steps from the U.S. Presidency and retired at least 20 steps away, having attained the rank of GS-15 in the interim. In 1935, after finishing his M.S. degree, he was employed by the USDA as a Junior Entomologist in Washington D.C. and advanced from Associate Entomologist to Entomologist during 1937-41 while earning his Ph.D. degree (Weidhaas et al. 1993). He conducted fundamental research on the biology and control of the American dog tick on Martha's Vineyard during the latter period. He worked for the USDA in Savannah, Georgia in 1941-1946 conducting research on insecticides, insect repellents and the attraction of biting insects to humans. He continued this work after transferring to Orlando in 1946 and subsequently conducted pioneering research on radiation, chemosterilization and the genetics of insect candidates for the sterile insect technique. The wide range of arthropods used in his research included ticks, mites, mosquitoes, lice, fleas, cockroaches, ants and flies, notably the tsetse fly. Later in his career, he developed a passion for editing and collaboratively produced several excellent books: Principles of Insect Chemosterilization, History ofEntomology and Insect Colonization and Mass Production (a personal, signed copy given to the senior author). He also served as an editor for the Annual Review of En-
How Do I Dislike Thee? Let Me Count the Ways Constructing Impressions of Troublesome Others at Work

This article reports a study intended to develop a typology of “troublesome others” at work as a basis for research on unpleasant work relationships. Respondents were asked to assess an unpleasant work associate on a series of Likert-type scales; responses were submitted to factor analysis. The variables constructed from the factor analysis served as classification variables for cluster analyses of troublesome bosses, peers, and subordinates. The author presents the six troublesome boss clusters, eight troublesome peer clusters, and five troublesome subordinate clusters and discusses their implications for the impression formation literature and for management practice.
3D Human Motion Tracking using Manifold Learning

This paper introduces a framework to track 3D human movement using Gaussian process dynamic model (GPDM) and particle filter. The framework combines the particle filter and discriminative learning approaches so that the 3D human model is not needed and optimal proposal distribution can be used. The structure of the joint motion and appearance are modelled using GPDM in a low dimensional space. Relevance vector machine (RVM) is used to construct the regression mapping between image latent space and joint angle latent space using the small training data set. Backward mapping from appearance to motion latent space makes the samples better drawn according to the most recent observation. Forward mapping from joint angle to silhouettes makes computation fast without generating synthetic images in tracking for particle weight evaluation. The experimental results show that our approach can track 3D people movement accurately given noisy image and different subjects' movements.
Extraction, matching, and pose recovery based on dominant rectangular structures

Man-made environments possess many regularities which can be efficiently exploited for image-based rendering as well as robotic navigation and localization tasks. In this paper, we present an approach for automatic extraction of dominant rectangular structures from a single view and show how they facilitate the recovery of camera pose, planar structure, and matching across widely separated views. In the presented approach, the rectangular hypothesis formation is based on a higher-level information encoded by the presence of orthogonal vanishing directions, the dominant rectangular structures can be detected and matched despite the presence of multiple repetitive structures often encountered in a variety of buildings. Different stages of the approach are demonstrated on various examples of images of indoor and outdoor structured environments.
Inhibition of protein glycation and advanced glycation end products by ascorbic acid and other vitamins and nutrients

Nonenzymatic glycation, the reaction of glucose and other reducing sugars with protein, reversibly produces Amadori products and over a long period irreversible advanced glycation end products. In diabetes, these reactions are greatly accelerated and are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In vitro glycation was studied with bovine albumin as the model protein. A mixture of 25 mM glucose/fructose was used as the glycating agent. The Amadori product was quantitated by thiobarbituric acid colorimetry after hydrolysis. Advanced glycation end products were measured by their intrinsic fluorescence. A number of vitamins and nutrients were found to be potent inhibitors of both the glycation reaction and the subsequent end products. The nutrients were effective at physiological concentrations and exhibited dose-response relationships. The inhibitors included ascorbic acid, tocopherol, pyridoxal, niacinamide, sodium selenite, selenium yeast, and carnosine. A significant correlation was found between the inhibition of glycation and the inhibition of AGE formation (P < 0.001). One of the nutrients, ascorbic acid, was used in a pilot study. Eighteen normal subjects, 7 college age and 10 middle age, were supplemented with 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid in the form of Re-Natured Vitamin C® for a period of 4 weeks. Serum protein glycation was decreased an average of 46.8% (P < 0.01). These results underline the importance of nutrition in diabetes and indicate the possibility of therapeutic use of these nutrients for the prevention of diabetic complications.
Introduction: Nutrient and Water Management Practices for Improving Crop Growth, Yield, and Quality Workshop

P lant nutrient management and irrigation practices are crucial in helping achieve optimal crop growth, yield, quality, and grower profitability (Mikkelsen, 2011). As the availability of suitable land for crop production decreases and the concern for adequate water increases, more efficient methods of irrigation are needed (De Pascale et al., 2011). To improve agricultural sustainability in Hawaii, growers need to rely more on locally produced amendments and less on out-of-state inputs in their fertility program. Common organic amendments that can be used in conventional and organic vegetable production directly affect soil characteristics, nutrition, and biological properties, and as such, their nutrient contribution needs to be calculated. The objective of this workshop was to have a forum to exchange ideas and information on plant nutrient and water management. These workshop papers provide a diverse range of topics in nutrient and water management with insights into some key Hawaii and Florida practices, sites of the current and future ASHS conferences. The papers cover rootstock and irrigation effects on ‘Gala’ apple mineral nutrition, growth, fruit quality, and yield in Idaho; use of locally produced inputs to improve crop growth, quality, and grower profitability in Hawaii; and a fertility program for vegetables with organic amendments and inorganic fertilizers in Florida. The paper on rootstock and irrigation integrates irrigation methods and rootstock vigor as they affect mineral nutrients and apple tree growth, fruit yield, and quality. The relationships between tree growth, fruit quality attributes, yield, and mineral nutrients are detailed. In the paper on locally produced inputs in Hawaii, factors that influence the quality, application, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of locally produced composts, vermicomposts, rendered animal products, and algae are discussed. Aqueous extracts of vermicomposts and thermophilic composts can effectively improve crop growth and reduce costs associated with the use of these inputs. The vegetable fertility program paper looks at organic amendments used in conventional and organic vegetable production in Florida, including cover crops, compost, and animal manure, and how they affect soil properties, nutrients, and microbial biomass. When considered as part of nutrient sources in a fertility program, their nutrient contributions should be considered. The papers from this workshop highlight some leading research and practices and help provide insights into further research and studies.
Directional Solidification of Alloys in Systems Containing a Liquid Miscibility Gap

The problem considered is the unidirectional growth of alloys close to monotectic composition and within the miscibility gap when the direction of gravity is down the temperature gradient (solidification upwards) or up the temperature gradient (solidification downwards). The systems Al-In and Al-Bi are taken as examples. With solidification upwards it is shown that bulk liquid composition adjusts to that of the monotectic while in the reverse situation, the bulk liquid gradually rises. In the former case it is possible to grow aligned fibrous structures of monotectic composition but in the latter the microstructures are irregular and globular.
Myocardial perfusion imaging determination using an appropriate use smartphone application

Inappropriate cardiac imaging has been a significant cost concern and cause of radiation burden to patients. To assess if a smartphone application (app) based on 2009 Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging published by American College of Cardiology would be feasible at the point of order. We evaluated stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) (N = 403) (mean age = 62.23 years; 47.89% males) over a 4 month period using a smartphone app to determine whether the study ordered was Appropriate, Inappropriate, or Uncertain per 2009 AUC. We also monitored the time needed to use the app to determine the level of appropriateness of each stress MPI. The results of the stress MPI were noted. Of the 403 stress MPIs evaluated, 267 (66.25%) were noted to be Appropriate, 118 (29.28%) were Inappropriate, and 13 (3.23%) were Uncertain, per AUC; 5 (1.25%) remained unclassified. Average time needed to use the app to assess each stress MPI for appropriateness was noted to be 44 (±9) seconds. Non-teaching physicians ordered 70 (38.89%) inappropriate stress MPIs as compared to 20 (23.53%) ordered by physicians on resident teaching service, and 28 (23.33%) by cardiologists (P = .0045). Among inappropriately ordered stress MPIs, 87 (42.65%) were ordered in females as compared to 31 (17.13%) in males (P < .0001). 70 (26.22%) stress MPIs among appropriately ordered were abnormal (reversible ischemia or fixed perfusion defect) as compared to 15 (12.17%) among inappropriately ordered stress MPIs (P = .0032). A free and convenient smartphone app provides an easy-to-use tool to assist physicians in determining the level of appropriateness of stress MPI in a time- and cost-effective manner at the point of order. The smartphone app may have potential to promote the usage of the AUC and possibly aid reduction of healthcare cost and ionizing radiation burden.
The prenatal development of the human humerus.

Forty pairs of humeri, from a series of embryos and fetuses ranging from 26 to 342 mm in crown-rump length, were measured, radiographed, and sectioned for microscopic study. A primary bony collar was present before the end of the embryonic period, and in a 27 mm embryo it extended for nearly one-third of the length of the humerus. Erosion of the collar occurred at the end of the embryonic period. By about 37 mm, endochondral ossification began, and cartilage canals were invading the proximal epiphysis. As endochondral ossification proceeded proximally and distally and growth zones became established, periosteal bone formation also proceeded longitudinally and, until about 18 weeks, extended about one millimeter beyond the zone of cartilage destruction in the growth zones. Subsequently the extents of periosteal and endochondral ossification were the same and at term occupied 79% of the length of the humerus. Trabeculation of the bony collar began in the embryonic period. Fusion of endochondral trabeculae with the inner aspect of the periosteal shell began by 61 mm. A central marrow cavity free of trabeculae was consistently present after 86 mm. Evidence of reconstruction appeared in the proximal end by 73 mm and in the distal end by 113 mm, and was always present after 97 and 125 mm respectively.
Fluid Flows from Axisymmetric Orifices and Valves

The present finite element analysis seeks an approximate solution for the minimization of a functional which is related to the axisymmetric irrotational flow of an ideal fluid as it passes through orifices, valves, or nozzles and emerges as a free-surface jet. The resulting set of linear equations for the nodal values of the velocity potential is symmetric and banded, which can be efficiently solved by the computer. Location of the free surface profile requires the use of an iterative scheme, which is apparently always convergent. Then velocity and pressure distributions can subsequently be evaluated quickly. Curvilinear interior solid boundaries cause no computational difficulties, although results near a convex surface tend to be less accurate than results in other regions. The method can produce good accuracy for such quantities as free surface profiles, and contraction and discharge coefficients; in most, but not all, flow regions it will also produce good results for velocity and pressure distributions. Computer execution time is generally modest.
Responses of landscape groundcovers to minimum irrigation.

Abstract Four irrigation regimes based on percentages of real-time reference evapotranspiration (ET0) were applied to six widely used species of landscape groundcovers (Baccharis pilularis ‘Twin Peaks’, Drosanthemum hispidum, Vinca major, Gazania rigens v. leucolaena ‘Yellow Cascade’, Potentilla tabernaemontanii, and Hedera helix ‘Needlepoint’) during a 17-month period in Irvine, CA. Irrigation treatments (50%, 40%, 30% and 20% of ET0) were applied when accumulated real-time ET0 × treatment percentage reached 4.0 cm (1.6 in). Although the response to irrigation treatment was species dependent, Baccharis, Drosanthemum, and Hedera maintained at least minimally acceptable visual quality with applied water equal to 20% ET0, while Vinca required a minimum of 30% ET0. Acceptable visual quality of Gazania and Potentilla were not maintained at any treatment. Visual quality of Potentilla was better at ET0 greater than or equal to 30% ET0, but visual quality of Gazania was not improved with more water.
Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of mammographically occult breast carcinoma

603 Background: Breast MRI may be useful for detecting mammographically occult ipsilateral carcinoma in newly diagnosed breast cancer. Our initial experience with breast MRI, demonstrated 16% of patients to have additional breast disease detected only by preoperative MRI. We further analyzed our findings to identify an association between patient factors and MRI detected disease. Methods: Preoperative MRI scans of 390 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were reviewed. Using only patients with pathologic verification, the incidence of mammographically occult ipsilateral cancer was determined. Patient and tumor characteristics were further analyzed to identify factors which may predict pathologically positive MRI findings. Results: Of the 390 women undergoing preoperative MRI, 120 (31%) had ipsilateral findings requiring biopsy. Pathologically verified additional ipsilateral cancer was detected in 62 (16%). Multicentric disease was detected in 32 (52%) and multifocal or more extensive local disease in ...
Backward and Multi-Echo Field Ionization by Intense Non-Envelope ‘Superpulses’

We have discovered theoretically that the ionization of a quantum well or a hydrogen-like atom by a unipolar, i. e. strongly asymmetrical ultrashort electromagnetic pulse produces a highly symmetrical photoelectron cloud, the electrons emmitted both along the field and in the opposite direction in well-separated groups (shells) whose velocities for a quantum well reflect resonances in the ionization continuum.
Beyond the Seesaw Model: Public Commitment in a Culture of Self-Fulfillment

La theorie sociologique «communautaire» a affirme l'incompatibilite entre une culture de l'epanouissement personnel et celle qui met en avant la recherche du bien public. L'A. montre que cette perspective releve d'un modele d'opposition et que celui-ci ne montre pas de facon definitive l'impossibilite de lier les deux types d'aspirations. L'A. examine les theories democratiques radicales. Il examine la perspective personnaliste. Il pose la necessite d'une alternative a ce modele d'opposition en reliant l'autonomie individuelle et l'engagement collectif. Pour conforter ses analyses il presente une etude d'un mouvement ecologiste americain
The Psyche Myth and A Midsummer Night’s Dream

N the phantasmagoria of A Midsummer Night's Dream scholars have discerned and analyzed the elements of several antique fables and fairy toys, but they seem largely to have neglected the curious and extensive relationship of this dreamworld to the story of Psyche and its matrix in Lucius Apuleius' Golden Ass. Many will concede that though Shakespeare may have known other stories about ass-headed men,' Apuleius' account of his adventures affords the most likely source for Titania's infatuation with a monster, as well as for some other motifs, as Sister M. Generosa has shown.2 But the relationship of the Dream to the story of Psyche appears deeper than that of a series of casual resemblances, such as might be based on vague recollection. If one looks below the texture of the language, which tends to obscure the outlines of the story, one finds remarkable similarity between many events of the myth and the main adventures of the drama. In effect, it may be urged that the fundamental pattern of the myth and the patterns of the main stories in the play are similar in several interlocking ways, and that if Shakespeare did not consciously recall the Psyche tale as he wrote, he nevertheless had in mind many of its archetypal features, so that the Dream in part becomes yet another example of what Northrop Frye designates as displaced myth. The general impression is not that of an ordering of the play to correspond to the structure of the myth, but rather as if the mosaic of the myth had been shattered into its original tesserae, which Shakespeare has picked up and arranged to suit his own design. With his usual independence in deriving material from his sources, Shakespeare largely avoids borrowing the phrasing of the story, but his apparent use of a few terms suggests that he may have known the Latin texts, and the possible use of William Adlington's preface to his translation of the work indicates that he may have also known that version (0566), which
Flow cytometric analysis of small renal tumors

AbstractFlow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content analysis was performed on 26 renal tumors 3.0cm. or less in maximum diameter. We noted DNA aneuploid cell populations in 8 of 25 tumors (32%) evaluable for DNA ploidy status. DNA aneuploid cells comprised 7 to 59% of the cells in those tumors. In comparison, 12 of 25 tumors (48%) larger than 3.0cm. had aneuploid cell populations. S phase cell populations were signifieantly increased in the small aneuploid tumors compared with the small diploid tumors (p <0.001). We believe that these small tumors have the potential to behave aggressively and, therefore, they should be treated no differently than larger renal neoplasms.
Pueblo Population Movements, Abandonment and Settlement Change in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century New Mexico

ABSTRACTSpanish colonization of the northern Southwest in the seventeenth century coincided with extensive abandonment of large Pueblo villages. This period of abandonment has been conventionally understood as a consequence of population decline. An examination of archaeological settlement patterns in two areas of the Rio Grande region of New Mexico, the Jemez Plateau and the Rio Abajo, during the period A.D. 1515–1700 reveals occupation at many more sites than those identified in historic documents. The patterns of settlement indicate the maintenance of long-standing mobility practices on the Jemez Plateau. In the Rio Abajo, there are significant population shifts as a consequence of movement to communities outside of the area, and from large to small settlements. These settlement changes during the first centuries of colonial rule demonstrate the use of established Pueblo settlement and mobility practices to respond to the new challenges of Spanish domination. They also indicate that abandonment during ...
Visualizing herpesvirus procapsids in living cells.

A complete understanding of herpesvirus morphogenesis requires studies of capsid assembly dynamics in living cells. Although fluorescent tags fused to the VP26 and pUL25 capsid proteins are available, neither of these components is present on the initial capsid assembly, the procapsid. To make procapsids accessible to live-cell imaging, we made a series of recombinant pseudorabies viruses that encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused in frame to the internal capsid scaffold and maturation protease. One recombinant, a GFP-VP24 fusion, maintained wild-type propagation kinetics in vitro and approximated wild-type virulence in vivo The fusion also proved to be well tolerated in herpes simplex virus. Viruses encoding GFP-VP24, along with a traditional capsid reporter fusion (pUL25/mCherry), demonstrated that GFP-VP24 was a reliable capsid marker and revealed that the protein remained capsid associated following entry into cells and upon nuclear docking. These dual-fluorescent viruses made possible the discrimination of procapsids during infection and monitoring of capsid shell maturation kinetics. The results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging herpesvirus procapsids and their morphogenesis in living cells and indicate that the encapsidation machinery does not substantially help coordinate capsid shell maturation. Importance The family Herpesviridae consists of human and veterinary pathogens that cause a wide range of diseases in their respective hosts. These viruses share structurally related icosahedral capsids that encase the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral genome. The dynamics of capsid assembly and maturation have been inaccessible to examination in living cells. This study has overcome this technical hurdle and provides new insights into this fundamental stage of herpesvirus infection.
Theory of spin-coherent electrical transport through a defect spin state in a metal/insulator/ferromagnet tunnel junction undergoing ferromagnetic resonance

We describe the coherent dynamics of electrical transport through a localized spin-dependent state, such as is associated with a defect spin, at the interface of a ferromagnet and a nonmagnetic material during ferromagnetic resonance. As the ferromagnet magnetic moment precesses, charge carriers are dynamically spin filtered by the localized state, leading to a dynamic spin accumulation on the defect. Local effective magnetic fields modify the precession of a spin on the defect, which also modifies the time-integrated total charge current through the defect. We thus identify a form of current-detected spin resonance that reveals the local magnetic environment of a carrier spin located at a defect, and thus potentially the defect's identity.
Metal complexes of l-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone—I: Infrared spectra (4000–350 cm−1) of complexes formed with divalent cations

Abstract A number of bis(9,10-anthracenedione-1-olato) metal (II) complexes have been synthesized. Infrared spectra (4000–350 cm −1 ) are reported for compounds made with: Be 2+ , Cu 2+ , VO 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Pb 2+ and Na + . Consideration of the metal insensitive absorptions in comparison with the frequency shifts shown by metal sensitive absorptions has led to the identification of those bands which represent
Generalized cluster decomposition principle illustrated in waveguide quantum electrodynamics

We show that the form of the cluster decomposition principle, commonly used in quantum field theory, needs to be significantly generalized. As an illustration, we consider the general structure of two-photon $S$ matrix for a waveguide coupled to a local quantum system that supports multiple ground states. The presence of the multiple ground states results in a noncommutative aspect of the system with respect to the exchange of the orders of photons. Consequently, the two-photon $S$ matrix significantly differs from the standard form in quantum field theory.
10Be analysis of amalgamated talus pebbles to investigate alpine erosion, Garnet Canyon, Teton Range, Wyoming

Glaciers and subsequent mass wasting events create impressive mountain landscapes; however, the ruggedness that defines these beautiful landscapes also makes it challenging to monitor erosion in the field. The result is that spatial patterns and rates of erosion in alpine landscapes are understudied. Field locations are steep and remote and hillslope processes, including rockfalls, avalanches, and landslides, are stochastic and difficult to measure directly. This study uses talus fan sediments to deepen our understanding of individual fan deposition and catchment averaged erosion processes in the alpine setting of Garnet Canyon in the Teton Range, Wyoming, USA. We measured cosmogenic 10Be concentrations from bedrock and talus deposits to compare them to volumetric estimates of erosion rates, lichen growth, and surface weathering on talus surfaces. Amalgamated pebbles from the talus deposits contained lower 10Be concentrations than any bedrock surfaces or stream sediments. The young talus surface exposure ages are all younger than 11 ka, reflecting the importance of continued rockfall activity long after glacial retreat. Only one talus fan corresponded to known seismic events. Talus deposits contribute sediments to stream systems; 10Be concentrations were lower in amalgamated talus pebbles than in amalgamated stream sands. Lichen cover, volumetric estimates of erosion rates, and 10Be concentrations showed similar spatial trends reflecting the migration of active rockfalls to higher elevations and validating the applicability of 10Be concentrations to quantify talus surface ages. Distinct 10Be concentrations on various surfaces within Garnet Canyon indicate that future work with amalgamated samples from talus deposits can contribute to investigations about landscape evolution in alpine landscapes.