cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent Literature on Lichens—194*

ABBOTT, B. 2003. Cumulative Index Volumes 21–35. Lichenologist 35: 417–489. [Index for the Lichenologist for the years 1989–2003; consists of four parts: chronological index, subject index, author index, book review index. Official date of publication is given for all but the first seven issues.] ADLER, M. T., A. FAZIO, M. D. BERTONI, M. L. ROSSO, M. S. MAIER & A. THELL. 2004. Culture experiments and DNA-verification of a mycobiont isolated from Punctelia subpraesignis (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycotina), pp. 1–8. 1 fig. In P. Dobbeler & G. Rambold (eds.), Contributions to Lichenology. Festschrift in Honour of Hannes Hertel. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 88. J. Cramer in der Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart. [Comparison of cultures made from the thallus material with cultures grown from spores. ‘‘Mycobionts grown from spores showed a very poor development, whereas those grown from the thallus developed well, and occasionally showed some morphogenic capacity on solid MEYE medium. The mycobiont colonies produce triacylglycerides, monoacylglycerides and hydrocarbons, but not gyrophoric acid, the characteristic secondary metabolite of P. subpraesignis in nature.’’] AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2001. [Review] D. O. Ovstedal & R. I. Lewis Smith. Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia. A Guide to Their Identification and Ecology. 411 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2001. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 11(2): xlix–l. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2001. [Review] M. Boqueras. Liquens Epifits i Fongs Liquenicoles del Sud de Catalunya Flora y Comunitats. 556 pp. Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barcelona. 2000. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 11(2): xxxv–xxxvi. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2001. [Review] S. H. J. J. Louwhoff & J. A. Elix. Parmotrema and Allied Lichen Genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 152 pp. J. Cramer, Berlin & Stuttgart. 1999. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 11(2): xliii–xliv. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2002. [Review] B. Marbach. Corticole und Lignicole Arten der Flechtengattung Buellia sensu lato in den Subtropen und Tropen. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 74: 384 pp. J. Cramer, Berlin & Stuttgart. 2000. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 11(3): xlix–li. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2002. [Review] H. Krog. Corticolous Macrolichens of Low Montane Rainforests and Moist Woodlands of Eastern Tanzania. Sommerfeltia 28: 75 pp. Natural History Museums and Botanical
A geometric model for the periodic undulation of a confined adhesive crack

Inspired by experiments on the instability of confined interfacial cracks, we construct a minimal mathematical model based on symmetry arguments that can reproduce the form of the crack front in a confined domain. We show that the model can be interpreted in terms of the buckling and post-buckling response of a compressed elastica with a nonuniform bending stiffness that is adhered to a linearly elastic substrate. The model has three parameters that allow us to capture the primary wavelength associated with the onset of an undulatory instability of a straight crack front, as well as the finger amplitudes and finger widths in the nonlinear development of the instability. We determine these parameters using an optimization procedure that minimizes the square error between the computed profile and experimental observations. The results of this procedure yield numerical solutions that agree well with the finger profiles experimentally observed in films of different thicknesses. Our approach shows the efficacy of simple models based on symmetry in explaining interfacial instabilities governed by different physical mechanisms.
Creamskimming and Competition

The concept of “creamskimming” arises with regularity in the law of regulated industries. As a rhetorical weapon, the term “creamskimming” readily conjures images of the sort of putatively destructive competition that regulatory commissions are charged with patrolling. As a result, allegations of creamskimming have become a standard weapon in the legal arsenal of incumbent firms seeking to resist competitive entry. At an extreme, incumbent firms will characterize all forms of competitive entry as creamskimming. Sound regulatory responses to these allegations therefore depend on a proper understanding of the creamskimming concept. This article proposes a definition of creamskimming that will help state and federal regulatory agencies distinguish genuine objections to proposed competitive entry from reflexive (and often improper) efforts to shield incumbent firms from competition. “Creamskimming” should be defined as “the practice of targeting only the customers that are the least expensive and most profitable for the incumbent firm to serve, thereby undercutting the incumbent firm’s ability to provide service throughout its service area.” Moreover, regulatory approaches to this practice should make clear that creamskimming can take place only where a competitive firm proposes to serve only a portion of an incumbent firm’s service area. In other words, when a competitive entrant proposes to serve an incumbent’s entire service area, creamskimming by definition cannot occur.
Politics, Markets, and Life Satisfaction: The Political Economy of Human Happiness

Little is known about the political determinants of subjective well-being across nations. The dominant theoretical approaches, comparison and trait theory, suggest that cross-national differences will be either nonexistent or largely independent of political conditions. I argue instead that although culture does appear to play a significant role, the results of democratic competition have even more dramatic effects upon national levels of life satisfaction. Specifically, I demonstrate that subjective appreciation of life is positively affected by the ideological complexion of governments and by qualitative features of the welfare state. The implications for social policy, electoral politics, and our theoretical understanding of life satisfaction are discussed.
What Your (In)Authentic Expression Means to Me: Social Inferences in Initial Business Encounters

The goal of this research is to examine how and when the authenticity of facial expressions influences the interpretation of that expression in business encounters, and the consequences of this interpretation for meaningful outcomes like the creation and structure of business relationships. In this paper, I connect four areas of management research—social judgment of others from facial expressions, authenticity in facial expression, cultural influences on interpersonal judgment, and the influence of social judgment on interpersonal and work-related outcomes— to address how individuals’ interpretations of and reactions to facial expression authenticity may be culturally influenced in business contexts. Whether judging a potential small business loan applicant or simply taking one’s car for repairs, interpersonal inferences about and reactions to someone in an initial encounter can shape the entire course of a business relationship. Across three studies, including experimental, survey, and interview techniq...
Aquinas and the Natural Habit of Synderesis: A Response to Celano

Anthony Celano argues that after Thomas Aquinas the flexibility of Aristotle’s ethics gives way to the universal codes of Christian morality. His argument posits that the Schoolmen adopted a line of moral reasoning that follows a Platonic tradition of taking universal moral principles as the basis of moral reasoning. While Thomas does work in a tradition that, resemblant of the Platonic tradition, incorporates inerrant principles of moral reasoning in the habit of synderesis , his understanding of those principles is distinctly Aristotelian in character and thus the flexible moral reasoning of Aristotle’s phronimos is retained. For Thomas synderesis is the first principle of practical reason and is the source rather than the inhibitor of personal and spontaneous moral reasoning. This article will first outline Celano’s position, detail the thought of Thomas’ predecessors, and then show how Thomas employs the principle of synderesis in a distinctly Aristotelian framework.
The Rise of the “Illegal Alien”:

As media outlets move away from the term “illegal immigrant,” Edwin F. Ackerman uses media analysis to track the rise of the term–and others–since the 1920s.
Charting a Key Competency Domain: Understanding Resident Physician Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) Skills.

BACKGROUND Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is essential for quality care. Understanding residents’ level of competence is a critical first step to designing targeted curricula and workplace learning activities. In this needs assessment, we measured residents’ IPC competence using specifically designed Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) cases and surveyed residents regarding training needs.
Study on Surface Quality of 2Cr3WMoV after Electro Discharge Machining

Through the experimental research on EDM of 2Cr3WMoV,the surface quality of the specimens at different types of parameter was discussed.The influence of current peak,pulse width,pulse interval on surface roughness were got by orthogonal experiment.Metallographic microscope and residual stress tester are used to get the surface topography,the thickness of re-melting layer,the size and distribution of residual stress,and the distribution of microcracks at different types of electric parameter.The influences of pulse energy on these elements are studied.The experimental results have good guidance for improving the surface quality in actual production.
Sentinel surveillance for sex specific AIDS related risk behaviors in young students in Beijing,2010-2013

Objective To understand the sex specific characteristics of AIDS related risk behaviors in young students and provide evidence for the targeted intervention in this population. Methods The data of national sentinel surveillance for AIDS in young students during 2010-2013 w ere collected. The sentinel surveillance for AIDS in young students in Beijing during this period w as conducted by means of multi stage clustering sampling to selected 800 subjects at each surveillance site every year. Results The proportion of males having sex behavior( 15. 1%) w as higher than that of females having sex behaviors( 12. 0%)( χ2= 12. 9,P 0. 01),and this rate increased w ith year both in males than in females( χ2= 7. 6 for males,P 0. 01; χ2= 10. 0 for females,P 0. 01). Among the students w ho said they had had sex,more females had sex w ith regular partners( 76. 2%) than males did( 53. 4%).( χ2= 48. 6,P 0. 01),and this rate in females increased w ith year( χ2= 10. 0,P 0. 01). M ore males had sex w ith occasional partners( 19. 0%) than females did( 10. 5%)( χ2= 19. 3,P 0. 01). The proportion of females having sex w ith occasional partners decreased w ith year( χ2= 6. 6,P 0. 01). M ore males had commercial sex( 3. 2%) than females did( 0. 4%)( χ2= 11. 3,P 0. 01) 。The HIV test rate both in males and in females decreased w ith year( χ2= 10. 8 for males,P 0. 01; χ2= 6.2 for females,P 0. 01). Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS related risk behaviors varied w ith sex in young students in Beijing. General and sex specific health education programs should be conducted to improve young students' aw areness of protective sex by taking different measures,such as negotiation w ith sex partner to take protective measures.
LIMULICUBICHNUS: A NEW ICHNOGENUS OF LIMULID RESTING TRACES

The ichnogenus Limulicubichnus is proposed for shallow depressions with serrated pos- terior lateral margins and narrow terminal extensions. Burrows with other morphological features indicative of production by horseshoe crabs might also be included in this ichnogenus. Specimens of the type species, L. serratus have been found in the Fentress Formation of the northern Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. Here the trace fossils are preserved as shallow depressions in the upper surface of a very thin sandstone bed. Limulicubichnus is interpreted as the resting trace of a limulid. Because modern Limulus produces both resting and spawning burrows in intertidal sediments, Limulicubichnus potentially has value as a paleoenvironmental indicator.
Graft‐infiltrating PD‐L1hi cross‐dressed dendritic cells regulate antidonor T cell responses in mouse liver transplant tolerance

While a key role of cross-dressing has been established in immunity to viral infection and more recently in the instigation of transplant rejection, its role in tolerance is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of intra-graft dendritic cells (DC) and cross-dressing in mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched liver transplant tolerance that occurs without therapeutic immunosuppression. While donor interstitial DC diminished rapidly following transplantation, they were replaced in the liver by host DC that peaked on postoperative day (POD) 7 and persisted indefinitely. About 60% of these recipient DC displayed donor MHC class I, indicating cross-dressing. By contrast, only a very minor fraction (0-2%) of cross-dressed DC (CD-DC) was evident in the spleen. CD-DC sorted from liver grafts expressed much higher levels of T cell inhibitory programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and high levels of IL-10 compared with non CD-DC (nCD-DC) isolated from the graft. Concomitantly, high incidences of programed death protein 1 (PD-1)hi T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing-3 (TIM-3)+ exhausted graft-infiltrating CD8+ T cells were observed. Importantly, unlike nCD-DC, the CD-DC failed to stimulate proliferation of allogeneic T cells but markedly suppressed anti-donor host T cell proliferation. CD-DC were much less evident in allografts from DNAX-activating protein of 12kDa (DAP12)-/- donors that were rejected acutely. Conclusion: These findings suggest that graft-infiltrating PD-L1hi CD-DC may play a key role in the regulation of alloimmunity and in the induction of liver transplant tolerance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Association between baseline psychological attributes and mental health outcomes after soldiers returned from deployment

Psychological health is vital for effective employees, especially in stressful occupations like military and public safety sectors. Yet, until recently little empirical work has made the link between requisite psychological resources and important mental health outcomes across time in those sectors. In this study we explore the association between 14 baseline psychological health attributes (such as adaptability, coping ability, optimism) and mental health outcomes following exposure to combat deployment. Retrospective analysis of all U.S. Army soldiers who enlisted between 2009 and 2012 and took the Global Assessment Tools (GAT) before their first deployment (n = 63,186). We analyze whether a soldier screened positive for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after returning from deployment using logistic regressions. Our key independent variables are 14 psychological attributes based on GAT, and we control for relevant demographic and service characteristics. In addition, we generate a composite risk score for each soldier based on the predicted probabilities from the above multivariate model using just baseline psychological attributes and demographic information. Comparing those who scored in the bottom 5 percentile of each attribute to those in the top 95 percentile, the odds ratio of post-deployment depression symptoms ranges from 1.21 (95% CI 1.06, 1.40) for organizational trust to 1.73 (CI 1.52, 1.97) for baseline depression. The odds ratio of positive screening of PTSD symptoms ranges from 1.22 for family support (CI 1.08, 1.38) to 1.51 for baseline depression (CI 1.32, 1.73). The risk profile analysis shows that 31% of those who screened positive for depression and 27% of those who screened positive for PTSD were concentrated among the top 5% high risk population. A set of validated, self-reported questions administered early in a soldier’s career can predict future mental health problems, and can be used to improve workforce fit and provide significant financial benefits to organizations that do so.
Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions: Sources and Trends

CO2 and other greenhouse gases are emitted to the atmosphere as a result of both natural processes (e.g., volcanoes, natural vents, and respiration) and human activities. Although the carbon fluxes caused by human activities constitute only a small fraction of the gross natural carbon fluxes between land, the ocean, and the atmosphere, they are responsible for the appreciable changes in the global carbon balance compared to the preindustrial period. Fossil fuels are the main contributors to overall anthropogenic CO2 emissions with most of them coming from energy-related sources. The classification of major CO2 sources by fuel type, industrial sector, CO2 content, and the scale of emissions, as well as current and future trends in CO2 emission sources is analyzed in this chapter. Geographically, the significant redistribution of CO2 emission sources throughout the world between now and 2030 could be expected with developing countries getting most of the gain, and the share of the developed countries being continuously reduced.
Openness and Closure: On the Goals of Scientific Practice

Openness and closure are enduring themes in social studies of science. At issue is the insight that knowledge production, and scientific practice in general, is an open-ended and uncertain affair: existing culture does not determine the contours of its own extension. This raises the question of how and why actors, in fact, extend culture in one way rather than another, of how openness is managed, of how closure is achieved, in practice. Many studies bear upon this question, but I want to approach it from a new angle. My aim is to open up for analysis the neglected topic of goal-formation in science.
Carbon Electrophiles with Dienes and Polyenes Promoted by Transition Metals

Numerous synthetically useful carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions are based on the fact that unsaturated hydrocarbon ligands bound to electrophilic transition metal moieties are activated toward addition of nucleophiles. Normally the metal moiety in such complexes is a neutral or cationic metal carbonyl group. Prominent and well-studied examples include [Cr(arene)(CO)3] complexes (covered in Chapter 2.4, this volume),1 [Fe(dienyl)(CO)3]+ complexes (covered in Chapter 3.4, this volume),2[FeCp(CO)2(alkene)]+ complexes3 and [M(CO)n(diene)] complexes.4
The Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect: I. Model for the Type-B Serrations

ABSTRACT A model is advanced for the discontinuous propagation of a Portevin-Le Chatelier deformation band in tensile tests. The glide resistance is assumed to be a superposition of a time-independent strain hardening component and a time-dependent solute hardening component. The amplitude of the stress serrations, the strain increment across the band, and the propagation of the band per serration are calculated as a function of the work-hardening parameter, and material and machine parameters. The predictions of the model are found in good agreement with measurements.
Ground-Based Remote Sensing of Cloud Properties Using Millimeter-Wave Radar

The elements of radar signal processing are described in the context of climate applications of radar. To this end descriptions of radar hardware are minimized and emphasis is placed on describing the transformation of the radar signal as it propagates from the transmitter up into the atmosphere and then back to the radar receiver after a scattering event. For the final radar observables to be of use to the climate community, they must be turned into quantitative measures of the location and properties of clouds. Descriptions of recent algorithm development efforts are described to illustrate approaches and techniques that are being developed to accomplish the goal of producing quantitative descriptions of cloud properties from the radar observables.
Developments in Rural Life on the Eastern African Coast, a.d. 700–1500

The eastern African coast is known for its Swahili “stonetowns.” Archaeological study of stonetowns has overshadowed that of Swahili rural life, and how it reformulated in the context of urban tran...
Prognostic value of Sjögren’s syndrome autoantibodies

Sjogren's syndrome is in part considered an autoimmune disease because patient sera contain antibodies binding self-structures. In fact, in addition to anti-Ro (or SSA) and anti-La (or SSB), which are included in the classification criteria, there are a wide variety of autoantibodies found among these patients. We reviewed English-language MEDLINE sources. Anti-Ro and anti-La found among healthy individuals, including mothers giving birth to infants with neonatal lupus, predicts future connective tissue disease. Those with Sjogren's syndrome can be divided into two groups; patients with only exocrine gland involvement and those with systemic disease. The presence of anti-Ro/La is associated with systemic, extraglandular disease. Rheumatoid factor is also associated with extraglandular disease while anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) is likely associated with inflammatory arthritis and progression to rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-mitochondrial antibodies are uncommon but predict progression to primary biliary cirrhosis. Cryoglobulinemia is found in excess among those with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Determination of autoantibodies on the sera of Sjogren's syndrome patients has prognostic implications for Sjogren's syndrome itself as well as associated diseases.
Patterns of buprenorphine use and risk for re-arrest among highly vulnerable opioid-involved women released from jails in rural Appalachia.

Aims: Opioid use is common among correctional populations, yet few inmates receive treatment during incarceration or post-release, particularly in rural areas. This article examines associations of...
A Student-Centered Approach to Teaching Material and Energy Balances 2: Course Delivery and Assessment

This two-part series describes the structure of the stoichiometry course at North Carolina State University. The course had a variety of learning objectives, and several nontraditional pedagogies were used in the course delivery. The first paper outlined the course structure and policies, the preparation given to the teaching assistants who played an integral part in the course delivery, and the course assignments. This paper summarizes the methods used in the course instruction and assessment.
A New Species of Chlorocardium (Lauraceae) from Ecuador

Chlorocardium esmeraldense van der Werff, a new species from the Pacific coast of Ecuador, is described and illustrated. The circumscription of Chlorocardium Rohwer, H. G. Richt. & van der Werff is widened. The genus now includes three species, one with tetramerous flowers and two with trimerous flowers.
Decomposition Method for Event-Detection State Vector Simulation of Switched-Mode Power Supplies

This work presents a new method for the state vector simulation of switched-mode power supplies using decomposed matrices. With this method, switching instances are updated reliably from previously computed values, providing a highly efficient means for event-detection state vector simulation. The method is demonstrated on a 23rd-order state-space piecewise linear model of a boost converter with and without control feedback, resulting in a several of orders of magnitude speed-up of the simulation, relative to the same device simulated in LTspice or PLECS.
Peripheral blood monocyte counts are elevated in the pre-diagnostic phase of pancreatic cancer: A population based study.

Abstract Background Early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with improved outcomes. A biomarker with incremental change in the pre-diagnostic phase of the disease would be valuable for early detection. In our clinical experience, we have observed elevated peripheral blood monocyte (PBM) counts in PDAC patients at diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to compare PBM counts in PDAC cases and healthy controls at diagnosis and in the 2-year pre-diagnostic period. Methods Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project database, we identified all patients diagnosed with PDAC between 2000 and 2015 (n = 219) and age-and gender-matched disease-free controls (n = 438). PBM counts and temporal trends were analyzed over a 24 month period before PDAC diagnosis. The groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test and t-test. Results At diagnosis, compared to controls PDAC cases more often had monocytosis (23% vs 8%; p Conclusion Monocytosis is more prevalent in PDAC patients at diagnosis compared to controls and is associated with lower median survival. In a subset of patients, PBM count elevation precedes PDAC diagnosis by 6 months. This novel observation can possibly augment strategies for early diagnosis of PDAC but needs further study.
From Spectators to Partners: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Latina/o Immigrant Parents’ Engagement in Students’ Post-Secondary Planning

Based on the experiences of 15 Latina/o undocumented parents, this qualitative study identifies three distinct ways Latina/o immigrant parents understand their role in their children’s post-seconda...
Immunochemical properties of glycolipids and phospholipids.

Publisher Summary Glycolipids offer unique experimental advantages for studies of the architecture and functional properties of cell membranes. This chapter discusses the immunochemical properties of glycolipids and phospholipids. The problems associated with lipid antigens are also considered. The immunological properties of complex lipid antigens and their growing importance in mammalian and microbial immunology are discussed. The structure, biosynthesis, distribution, immunological properties, and biological aspects of glycolipids and phospholipids are described. Three types of phospholipids reviewed are––cardiolipin, phosphatidyl inositol, and sphingomyelin. Glycolipids are the only components of cell membranes that are readily isolated and possess a single antigenic determinant. Antisera to these determinants can be used for research purposes: (1) to identify cells that are not readily distinguished by morphological differences, (2) to obtain data on the accessibility of specific antigenic determinants to antibodies during different physiological states, (3) to determine the cellular and subcellular distribution of glycolipids, (4) to prepare affinity columns for fractionation of cells and macromolecules, and (5) to study model membranes containing glycolipid antigens. Some of the other glycolipids discussed are glycosphingolipids, glycosyl glycerides, and lipoeichoic acids. The importance of glycolipids and their study by immunological procedures as specific moieties of the cell membrane is emphasized.
Outpatient Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient during the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Pandemic.

The emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the corresponding syndrome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly and dramatically altered the landscape of the United States’ health care system. As the number of cases has increased, health
Outcomes of Young Infants with Hypothermia Evaluated in the Emergency Department.

Objective To assess the prevalence of serious infections and mortality among infants ≤90 days of age presenting to the emergency department with hypothermia. Study design We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of infants ≤90 days presenting to any of 40 EDs in the Pediatric Health Information Systems between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. Infants with an International Classification of Diseases, ninth or tenth edition, admission/discharge diagnosis code of hypothermia were included. We determined the prevalence of serious bacterial infection (urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and/or bacterial meningitis), pneumonia, herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, and emergency department/hospital mortality. Results We included 3565 infants (1633 male [50.9%] and 3225 ≤30 days of age [90.5%]). Most (65.0%) presented in the first week of life. There were 389 infants (10.8%) with a complex chronic condition. The prevalence of serious bacterial infection was 8.0% (n = 284), including 2.4% (n = 87) with urinary tract infection, 5.6% (n = 199) with bacteremia, and 0.3% (n = 11) with bacterial meningitis. There were 7 patients (0.2%) with neonatal HSV and 9 (0.3%) with pneumonia; 0.2% (n = 6) died. The presence of a complex chronic condition was associated with the presence of serious bacterial infection (P Conclusions Of infants with hypothermia ≤90 days of age, 8.3% had serious bacterial infections or HSV. Compared with literature from febrile infants, hypothermia is associated with a high mortality rate. Complex chronic conditions were particularly associated with poor outcomes. Additional research is required to risk stratify young infants with hypothermia.
Changes in Growing Season Phenology Following Wildfires in Alaska

Trends and geographic patterns of change in vegetation phenology metrics and snowmelt timing from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data sets were analyzed across the state of Alaska for all wildfires that burned during the years 2004 and 2005. Phenology metric patterns (over the period 2000 to 2018) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time-series at 250-m resolution tracked changes in the growing season length and integrated greenness cover over the past two decades. NDVI metrics showed that end of the growing season timing (EOST) and integrated greenness increased significantly in the majority of severely burned areas in Interior Alaska over the past decade particularly in low elevation zones below 500 m. In years with relatively early snowmelt dates (3 to 10 days earlier than the long-term mean), lower plant growth was observed over the ensuing growing season, potentially due to lower snow water inputs that can maintain available soil moisture levels for plant growth into the mid- and late-summer months. Statewide trends in MODIS phenology metrics indicate that the predominant vegetation cover type in most regrowing burned areas of Interior Alaska a decade post-fire is still deciduous shrub and young tree cover. Several large fires of special interest were identified to monitor with remote sensing and continue to track long-term recovery patterns and rates.
Deployment of an Interdisciplinary Predictive Analytics Task Force to Inform Hospital Operational Decision-Making During the COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, our institution developed an interdisciplinary predictive analytics task force to provide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital census forecasting to help clinical leaders understand the potential impacts on hospital operations. As the situation unfolded into a pandemic, our task force provided predictive insights through a structured set of visualizations and key messages that have helped the practice to anticipate and react to changing operational needs and opportunities. The framework shared here for the deployment of a COVID-19 predictive analytics task force could be adapted for effective implementation at other institutions to provide evidence-based messaging for operational decision-making. For hospitals without such a structure, immediate consideration may be warranted in light of the devastating COVID-19 third-wave which has arrived for winter 2020-2021.
Recoil chemistry of carbon-11 in liquid hydrocarbons

hydrogen or deuterium to form the final products. The results could also be rationalized by the mechanism of l CHand CDinsertions where electronic rearrangement of the C2 fragments would give the final products direcly. For the reactions of carbon-11 with equimolar C2H4 and C2D4 (58), oxygen-scavenged, the relative yields of allene- Ĉ products were C3H4, 7, C3D4, 7+1, C3H3D, 1.0 + 0.3, C3HD3, 1.0 + 0,3, and C3H2D2, <0.2. The low degree of isotopic mix­ ing seemed to indicate that labeled aliene resulted primarily from reactions of with single molecules. From similar studies on the formation of acetylene in different mixtures (61), it was concluded that both of the hydrogens in that final product were originally from the same carbon atom. Rather extensive recoil experiments with ethylene have been reported by Wolfgang and his group, specifically on the production of aliens and methylacetylene (59) and of acetylene and C5 products (60). Application of the resonance rule to this system indicates that the carbon atoms are probably neutral when they reach the energy range where chemical reac­ tions can occur. This is because neutral carbon atoms, once formed, cannot re-ionize at or below 10 ev. Similarly, the treatment predicts that only relatively low-lying electronic
Martensitic Transformation and Magnetocaloric Effect in Co-Doped Ni–Mn–In Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

In this work, we present the detailed results of magnetic, structural, and magnetocaloric measurements in Ni–Mn–In-based Heusler alloys, namely, Ni51Mn32.8In16.2, Ni50.2Mn33.6In16.2, and Ni51Mn33.4In15.6. The characteristics of magnetostructural coupling play an important role in the magnetic field-driven behavior of these alloys. A small variation in the stoichiometry composition broadens the magnetic entropy change curve and shifts the critical temperatures by as much as 48 K. The effect of cobalt doping on the magnetic, structural, and magnetocaloric properties in these multifunctional alloys is investigated through characterizing Ni50Co2Mn35In13 and Ni45Co5Mn37In13 samples. Cobalt doping affects the martensitic and magnetic transformation temperatures and enhances the ferromagnetic properties of the parent austenitic phase. Therefore, the magnetization change accompanying the martensitic transformation is significantly improved, resulting in a large magnetic entropy change of 21.6 J kg $^{-1}\,\,\text{K}^{-1}$ at 1.5 T. Additionally, Co doping broadens the operating temperature window to 21 K around room temperature. Consequently, a significant effective refrigeration capacity of 254 J kg−1 for 1.5 T is obtained which is comparable or even superior to that of the high-performance, though expensive, rare-earth-based magnetocaloric refrigerants. The high performance, low cost, nontoxicity, and tunability make these alloys of great interest and promising prospect for an affordable magnetic refrigeration system.
Insurance Reimbursement in Plastic Surgery

SUMMARY The ambiguity of medical finances, both to the patient and to the provider, has direct effects on the quality of care that is delivered to the patient. To encourage transparency in health care, physician reimbursement is a process that must be understood to ensure patient satisfaction, a physician's willingness to deliver care, and the success of health care facilities. Furthermore, physicians should be aware of the effects that legislative action, such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, has on their income. As a field that encompasses both cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, plastic surgeons must know this process intimately to ensure efficient services and appropriate reimbursement. In particular, plastic surgeons should be familiar with how the Affordable Care Act affects their income, practice, and the patient's access to care. As Medicare and Medicaid continue to increase health care access for many Americans, specialists such as plastic surgeons will need to reinforce the value of the specialty in the continuum of care. As the health care industry moves away from a fee-for-service system to one of value-based care, plastic surgeons need to be at the forefront of this transition to ensure that they are delivering quality care, and receiving appropriate reimbursement. The authors have provided data from the University of Michigan to demonstrate the reimbursement patterns seen in plastic surgery. This Special Topic article provides insight into the reimbursement process in the era of the Affordable Care Act and the various challenges that may be encountered within this field.
Using machine learning to identify predictors of imminent drinking and create tailored messages for at-risk drinkers experiencing homelessness

Abstract Adults experiencing homelessness are more likely to have an alcohol use disorder compared to adults in the general population. Although shelter-based treatments are common, completion rates tend to be poor, suggesting a need for more effective approaches that are tailored to this understudied and underserved population. One barrier to developing more effective treatments is the limited knowledge of the triggers of alcohol use among homeless adults. This paper describes the use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to identify predictors of “imminent drinking” (i.e., drinking within the next 4 h), among a sample of adults experiencing homelessness and receiving health services at a homeless shelter. A total of 78 mostly male (84.6%) adults experiencing homelessness (mean age = 46.6) who reported hazardous drinking completed up to five EMAs per day over 4 weeks (a total of 4557 completed EMAs). The study used machine learning techniques to create a drinking risk algorithm that predicted 82% of imminent drinking episodes within 4 h of the first drink of the day, and correctly identified 76% of nondrinking episodes. The algorithm included the following 7 predictors of imminent drinking: urge to drink, having alcohol easily available, feeling confident that alcohol would improve mood, feeling depressed, lower commitment to being alcohol free, not interacting with someone drinking alcohol, and being indoors. The research team used the results to develop intervention content (e.g., brief tailored messages) that will be delivered when imminent drinking is detected in an upcoming intervention phase. Specifically, we created three theoretically grounded message tracks focused on urge/craving, social/availability, and negative affect/mood, which are further tailored to a participant's current drinking goal (i.e., stay sober, drink less, no goal) to support positive change. To our knowledge, this is the first study to develop tailored intervention messages based on likelihood of imminent drinking, current drinking triggers, and drinking goals among adults experiencing homelessness.
The Walking Dead: Psychological Biases That Keep the Billable Hour Alive

The American Bar Association and lawyers around the country have been advocating for killing the billable hour, or proclaiming that it is already dead, for nearly two decades. Yet, most firms still rely on the billable hour as their predominant method of charging for services, or use it as the standard by which all other fee options are measured. So, if the billable hour is among the “dead,” how is it still “walking?” Psychological biases of lawyers making fee arrangement decisions across the country may be part of the answer.
Age of Bottle Cessation and BMI-for-Age Percentile among Children Aged Thirty-Six Months Participating in WIC.

Background: Children's age at bottle weaning typically ranges from 12 to 24 months. The recommended age of bottle weaning varies. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends weaning by 12 months;...
Proton Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Treatment of Nelson's Syndrome.

Purpose/objective(s) Nelson's syndrome is a rare disorder that may arise as a complication of treating Cushing's disease through bilateral adrenalectomy. It is characterized by growth of remaining pituitary adenoma and elevation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Prior studies have established radiation therapy (RT) as a method of treating Nelson's syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of proton stereotactic radiosurgery (PSRS) on decreasing ACTH levels and achieving disease remission in patients with Nelson's syndrome treated with SRS. Materials/methods A retrospective analysis of eight patients with Nelson's syndrome who received PSRS between 2007 and 2017 at our institution was conducted. All patients previously underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of Cushing's disease. Patients received PSRS at a total dose of 15 or 20 Gy(RBE) delivered in one fraction. The median clinical target volume was 5.7 cc (range 3.7-9.0 cc). ACTH levels, disease status, and post-treatment complications were followed post-SRS to assess for endocrine remission. Results The median follow-up was 80 months (range 35-126 months) from the end of SRS treatment. The median ACTH level decreased from 761.5 pg/mL pre-SRS to 38 pg/mL post-SRS at time of latest follow-up. Endocrine remission was achieved among six patients (75%) at a median time of 47 months (range 12 -126 months) from SRS. Three patients (38%) developed pituitary deficits (two with TSH and gonadal deficiency and one with pan-pituitary deficiency) post-SRS. Conclusion SRS can be an effective treatment to achieve endocrine remission in patients with Nelson's syndrome. SRS can lead to pituitary deficits in some patients and longer follow-up is warranted to assess long-term disease control and treatment toxicity. Author disclosure D.W. Kim: None. G. Lee: None. E. Cai: None. B. Swearingen: None. P.H. Chapman: None. M.R. Bussiere: Consultant; American College of Radiology. A. Klibanski: None. J.S. Loeffler: None. H.A. Shih: Employee; Dartmouth Hitchcock. Research Grant; AbbVie, NIH. Honoraria; UpToDate. Consultant; Cleveland Clinic. Speaker's Bureau; prIME Oncology. advisory; The Radiosurgery Society. director of clinical operations; Massachusetts General Hospital. clinical operational leader; Massachusetts General Hospital.
Takeover Bids in Belgium

The acquisition of other companies is important to the development of a capitalist economy. It facilitates the efficient use of resources by transferring, without liquidation, whole enterprises into the hands of managements that can handle them more effectively. Such acquisitions are important for the growth of corporations [1], and perhaps even essential to their existence [2]. It is not surprising, therefore, that a market for the control of corporations has developed behind the scenes of the traditional stock market [3]. In this control market, the price of a bloc of shares is not determined by face value, but by the control inherent in the bloc [4]. Thus, a control premium is paid for a controlling bloc, which leads H.G. Manne to conclude that control is a measurable and negotiable asset [5]. The technique of acquisition best suited to the control market is the takeover bid [6]. Long used in Anglo-American countries, it was unknown to continental Europe until recently. In Belgium, Holland, and France, however, the takeover bid has rapidly become a normal means of acquisition, and government and professional rules have been promulgated to regulate it. The purpose of this article is to explore the rules applicable to takeover bids in Belgium, and to examine the public agency which promulgates and enforces these rules, the Commission Bancaire.
Quantum Correlated Equilibria in Classical Complete Information Games

We study the scenario where the players of a classical complete information game initially share an entangled pure quantum state. Each player may perform arbitrary local operations on his own qubits, but no direct communication is allowed. In this framework, we define the concept of quantum correlated equilibrium (QCE) for both normal and extensive form games of complete information. We show that in a normal form game, any outcome distribution implementable by a QCE can also be implemented by a classical correlated equilibrium (CE). We prove that the converse is surprisingly false: we give an example of an outcome distribution of a normal form game which is implementably by a CE, yet we prove that in any attempted quantum protocol beginning with a partition of a pure quantum state, at least one of the players will have incentive to deviate. We extend our analysis to extensive form games, and find that the relation between classical and quantum correlated equilibria becomes less clear. We compare the outcome distributions implementable in our quantum model to those implementable by a classical extensive form correlated equilibrium (EFCE). For example, we show that there exists an extensive form complete information game and a distribution of outcomes which can be implemented by a QCE but not by any EFCE, in contrast to the result for normal form games. We also consider the concept of an immediate-revelation extensive form correlated equilibrium (IR-EFCE) and compare the power of IR-EFCE to EFCE and to QCE.
`I'm like you': establishing and protecting a common ground in focus groups with Huntington disease caregivers

Focus group research reflects content contributed by participants and the influence of interactions among participants. Analysis of interactions provides insights into focus group dynamics and the ...
Marine bacterial proteases. I. Characterization of an endopeptidase produced by Vibrio B-30.

Abstract A purification procedure is described for a highly active endopeptidase produced by a marine bacterium ( Vibrio B-30). The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and electrophoresis. A crystalline preparation was obtained. The pH optimum of the enzyme was about 7.0, and it was stable in the pH range of 5.0–8.5. Using hemoglobin as the substrate, a K m of 0.095 mm was obtained. The temperature optimum of the enzyme was 40 ° in the absence of calcium and about 50 ° in the presence of 10 −3 m calcium. Calcium both activated and stabilized the enzyme against thermal denaturation. The enzyme was shown to be a serine protease which was irreversibly inhibited by certain metal-complexing agents. Gel filtration studies revealed that Vibrio B-30 endopeptidase had a molecular weight of 49,000 ± 5,000 but it rapidly autolyzed during the second and third passage through a gel column. Removal of a metal ion (probably calcium) resulted in the formation of a high-molecular-weight, enzymatically inactive component and a low-molecular-weight, partially active component.
An alternative path for antigen presentation: group 1 CD1 proteins.

The epochal discovery of a technique for producing mAbs of defined specificity by Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein ([1][1]) led to many important advances in life sciences and spawned a large industry for production of these Abs for research, diagnosis, and therapy. The first mouse anti-human mAb
Role of DNA methylation and the DNA methyltransferases in learning and memory

Dynamic regulation of chromatin structure in postmitotic neurons plays an important role in learning and memory. Methylation of cytosine nucleotides has historically been considered the strongest and least modifiable of epigenetic marks. Accumulating recent data suggest that rapid and dynamic methylation and demethylation of specific genes in the brain may play a fundamental role in learning, memory formation, and behavioral plasticity. The current review focuses on the emergence of data that support the role of DNA methylation and demethylation, and its molecular mediators in memory formation.
Restoring the Clinical Record

inefficiency and negligence in meet ing the organization's standards. The practitioner who views recording as a no-win situation will be likely to avoid and delay it thus making the process even more difficult. Furthermore, increased access to records by funding sources, by ac crediting bodies, by other profession als and nonprofessionals in large or ganizations, as well as by clients and their families has had a chilling effect. In many organizations, the clinical record is not a closed but an open document. Practitioners are often un certain of what to record, restrained not only by their responsibility to pro tect their clients' right to confidential ity but also by a desire to protect the client and themselves if the client or