cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Abdominal Pain in Children

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is one of the most common pain syndromes in childhood and is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID). Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is characterized by three or more episodes of abdominal pain that occurover at least 3 months and are severe enough to interfere with activities. It may be caused by many conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis or, functional abdominal pain. The most common clinical manifestation is periumbilical pain related to autonomic and functional symptoms like nausea, vomiting, pallor and other painful conditions like headache and limb pains. RAP requires accurate diagnostic tests to rule out organic causes of pain based on ‘red flag’ sign. Furthermore, to diagnose and classify functional abdominal pain, Rome III criteria were published and updated with multiple discussions of FGIDs. Conventional interventions for RAP include reassurance and general advice, symptom-based pharmacological therapies, and psychological and behavioral treatments. But further research should be conducted to advance our understanding of the multiple factors involved in the pathogenesis of this group of conditions and to provide evidence for its therapeutic benefit. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 14: 222∼231)
2-Arylimidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles: A new family of amyloid binding agents with potential for PET and SPECT imaging of Alzheimer’s brain

Abstract We designed and synthesized a small series of 2-aryl-imidazo[2,1- b ]benzothiazole, representing a combination of motifs from the two most potent amyloid imaging agents, PIB and IMPY. The binding affinity of the new compounds ranged from 6 to 133 nM. Among the best compounds, 3b ( K i = 6 nM) can be labeled with 11 CH 3 for PET imaging whereas 3j ( K i = 10.9 nM) can be labeled with 123 I for SPECT imaging.
Supersonic rectangular jet impingement noise experiments

The discrete frequency sound produced by jets issuing from a convergent, rectangular nozzle of aspect ratio 4.24 was investigated. Experiments were performed both with the free jet and with the jet impinging on a hard ground surface. The impingement tones that dominate the impinging jet spectra show a definite staging behavior which appears to be biased toward the free jet screech frequency once the separation distance exceeds the region of substantial shock cell development. The frequency variation of the impingement tone stages fit the details of a feedback cycle if the disturbance convection velocity is chosen to be 20 percent higher than that necessary to satisfy the screech feedback loop. Phase locked optical records show a flapping mode of jet oscillation with tones at or near the screech frequency, with superimposed symmetric oscillations when a second dominant tone of unrelated frequency appears in the spectrum.
Induced coupling: an approach to modeling and managing complex human–landscape interactions

Population growth and overdevelopment are driving complicated interactions between human and natural systems. A preliminary investigation of human and natural systems as hierarchical, complex systems suggests that problematic, emergent behaviours are the result of ‘induced coupling’ between the two systems. Human manipulations aimed at mitigating natural disasters often change how human and natural systems interact by linking their behaviours in space and time. The dynamics of each separate system are fundamentally altered when they become coupled. This coupling drives unexpected, emergent behaviours through the introduction of strong, nonlinear feedbacks. Human–landscape interactions present a unique challenge because of the mismatch in scales between coupled processes. Induced coupling describes problematic system behaviours (e.g. natural disasters intensified by human actions) as the product of coupling short-term human activities to long-term natural processes. As a descriptive model, induced coupling draws upon the conceptualization of human and natural systems as hierarchical complex systems, and it utilizes a systems dynamics approach to identify delays introduced by human manipulations. Induced coupling aides in the description and analysis of coupled human–landscape interactions, and provides a focus for numerical modelling and identification of leverage points for management actions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Giant-chirp oscillators for short-pulse fiber amplifiers

A dissipative-soliton oscillator can replace the oscillator, stretcher, pulse-picker, and pre-amplifier in a chirped-pulse fiber amplifier. 150-ps pulses at 3-MHz repetition rate are amplified to 1-µJ energy with pulse duration as short as 670 fs.
Energy-Aware Load Balancing Policies for the Cloud Ecosystem

The energy consumption of computer and communication systems does not scale linearly with the workload. A system uses a significant amount of energy even when idle or lightly loaded. A widely reported solution to resource management in large data centers is to concentrate the load on a subset of servers and, whenever possible, switch the rest of the servers to one of the possible sleep states. We propose a reformulation of the traditional concept of load balancing aiming to optimize the energy consumption of a large-scale system: distribute the workload evenly to the smallest set of servers operating at an optimal energy level, while observing QoS constraints, such as the response time. Our model applies to clustered systems, the model also requires that the demand for system resources to increase at a bounded rate in each reallocation interval. In this paper we report the VM migration costs for application scaling.
A logic flowgraph-based concept for decision support and management of nuclear plant operation

Abstract The architecture of au automated decision support system for nuclear plant operators is presented and discussed. The system is based on the use of ‘logic flowgraph’ process models and is designed in a hierarchical fashion. Its functionality spans from ‘function oriented’ plant status and alternative success path information displayed to the plant operators at its higher access levels to ‘process oriented’ diagnostic and recovery information deduced and displayed at its lowest. The design basis for this architecture is the ‘defense in depth’ plant safety concept. The decision support system goal is to provide plant operators, in the presence of an unforeseen transient, with the best and safest alternative between plant stabilization after shutdown and recovery of normal operation based on early diagnosis. Examples of the system capability to interpret and diagnose abnormal plant conditions and of the information that it can supply to the operators at its three access levels are presented and discussed.
Optimal Control of a Rotor Partially Filled With an Inviscid Incompressible Fluid

Controle d'un rotor consistant en 2 masses discretes reliees par un arbre de transmission flexible. Le fluide est a l'interieur de l'une des masses, et la force de controle est appliquee a l'autre
On the rate of convergence to asymptotic independence between order statistics

Abstract Based on a non-parametric criterion of independence derived from a generalized version of the Schweizer–Wolff non-parametric measure of dependence, we calculate rates of convergence to asymptotic independence between the order statistics in a general setting. Three different rates of convergence are obtained, which explain in a comprehensive way earlier results in this area.
Compressive Stress Accumulation in Composite Nanoporous Gold and Silicone Bilayer Membranes: Underlying Mechanisms and Remedies

This paper outlines a simple method to fabricate a bilayer membrane consisting of a thin nanoporous gold layer infused with uncured polydimethylsiloxane. The fabrication technique offers excellent adhesion due to mechanical interlocking between porous layer and elastomer, and excellent electrical conductivity up to 25% strain, despite a very low effective elastic modulus (∼1.35 MPa) due to cracks in the embedded gold layer. Initially freestanding circular membranes displayed significant out of plane buckling, and created difficulties in extraction of membrane mechanical properties. The underlying mechanisms of compressive stress accumulation that lead to membrane buckling and remedies to prevent it are discussed.
Metrology of reflection optics for synchrotron radiation

Abstract Recent years have seen an almost explosive growth in the number of beamlines on new and existing synchrotron radiation facilities throughout the world. The need for optical components to utilize the unique characteristics of synchrotron radiation has increased accordingly. Unfortunately, the technology to manufacture and measure the large, smooth, exotic optical surfaces required to focus and steer the synchrotron radiation beam has not progressed as rapidly as the operational demands on these components. Most companies do not wish to become involved with a project that requires producing a single, very expensive, aspheric optic with surface roughness and figure tolerances that are beyond their capabilities to measure. This paper will review some of the experiences of the National Synchrotron Light Source in procuring grazing incidence optical components over the past several years. We will review the specification process - how it is related to the function of the optic, and how it relates to the metrology available during the manufacturing process and after delivery to the user's laboratory. We will also discuss practical aspects of our experience with new technologies, such as single point diamond turning of metal mirrors and the use of SiC as a mirror material. Recent advances in metrology instrumentation have the potential to move the measurement of surface figure and finish from the research laboratory into the optical shop, which should stimulate growth and interest in the manufacturing of optics to meet the needs of the synchrotron radiation user community.
On the Accounting Valuation of Employee Stock Options

In its Exposure Draft, "Accounting for Stock-based Compensation," FASB proposes that either the Black-Scholes or binomial option pricing model be used to expense employee stock options, and that the value of these options be measured on their grant date with typically modest ex-post adjustment. This brings the accounting profession squarely up against the Scylla of imposing too narrow a set rules that will force many firms to misstate considerably the value of their stock options and the Charybdis of granting considerable latitude which will increase non-comparability across financial statements of otherwise similar firms. This, of course, is a common tradeoff afflicting many rules for external financial accounting. It is not my intention to take a position on this issue, but merely to point out the inherent dangers in navigating between these twin perils. To examine this question, this paper develops a binomial valuation model which simultaneously takes into consideration the most significant differences between standard call options and employee stock options: longer maturity, delayed vesting, forfeiture, non-transferability, dilution, and taxes. The final model requires 16 input variables: stock price on grant date, stock volatility, stock payout rate, stock expected return, interest rate, option striking price, option years-toexpiration, option years-to-vesting, expected employee forfeiture rate, minimum and maximum forfeiture rate multipliers, employee's non-option wealth per owned option, employee's risk aversion, employee's tax rate, percentage dilution, and number of steps in the binomial tree. Many of these variables are difficult to estimate. Indeed, a firm seeking to overvalue its options might report values almost double those reported by an otherwise similar firm seeking to undervalue its options. The alternatives of expensing minimum (zero-volatility) option values, whether at grant or vesting date, can easily be gamed by slightly redefining employee stock option contracts, and therefore would not accomplish FASB's goals. As an alternative, FASB could give more careful consideration to exercise date accounting, under which an expense is recognized at the time of exercise equal to the exercise value of the option. This would achieve the long sought external accounting goal of realizing stock options as compensation, while at the same time minimizing the potential for the revised accounting rules to motivate gaming behavior or non-comparable statements. * Mark Rubinstein is a professor of finance at the University of California at Berkeley. This paper arose out of a consulting project for Intel Corporation. The author thanks Robert Sprouse for his accounting courses at Stanford, Jim Ohlson for instructive conversations on accounting over many years, and Stephen Penman for assistance with employee stock options.
Rapid synthesis of radioiodinated ω-iodofatty acids

A series of idine-125 labeled ω-iodofatty acids were synthesized via a recently developed hydroboration-iodination sequence. The sequence involves the hydroboration of appropriate alkenoic acids with dialkylboranes followed by the reaction of the resultant organoborane with iodine-125 monochloride. The ω-iodofatty acids contained 11, 16, 19 and 22 carbons respectively. Isolated radiochemical yields were in the 85–95% range.
B7-H5 costimulates human T cells via CD28H

The end-result of stimulation of T-cell receptors by antigen is in part determined by co-signalling pathways such as the B7/CD28 axis. Zhu et al. identify a novel costimulatory CD28-like receptor and ligand pathway in human T cells.
Effect of alcohol on the interaction of cortisol with plasma proteins, glucocorticoid receptors and erythrocytes

Abstract Alcohol ingestion stimulates glucocorticoid secretion in animals and normal men. It is generally believed that this effect is mediated through the pituitary-adrenal axis. To investigate its mechanism, we focussed on the effects of ethanol on cortisol binding to plasma proteins and to glucocorticoid receptors, and on cortisol uptake by erythrocytes. Addition of ethanol (up to 800 mg/dl) decreased cortisol binding to albumin and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), causing an increase in the plasma unbound component. Ethanol also decreased cortisol binding to glucocorticoid receptors in normal human peripheral lymphocytes. The uptake of cortisol by erythrocytes was not affected at ethanol concentrations as high as 2000 mg/dl. These results provide new insight to ethanol effects in vivo . The stimulatory effect of ethanol on the pituitary-adrenal axis appears to be attributable in part to a relative ineffectiveness of cortisol in cortisol-responsive cells consequent to ethanol's ability to diminish cortisol binding, to glucocorticoid receptors. A compensatory increase in ACTH secretion in response to the relative hypoglucocorticoid state perceived by corticotrophs would result in maintenance of elevated plasma unbound cortisol and cytosol cortisol levels. We conclude that altered interactions of cortisol with its receptors and transport proteins could be pathophysiological components of the changes in adrenocortical function induced by ethanol ingestion.
Superconductivity in multi-orbital t-J1-J2 model and its implications for iron pnictides

Motivated by the bad metal behavior of the iron pnictides, we study a multi-orbital t-J1-J2 model and investigate possible singlet superconducting pairings. Magnetic frustration by itself leads to a large degeneracy in the pairing states. The kinetic energy breaks this into a quasi-degeneracy among a reduced set of pairing states. For small electron and hole Fermi pockets, an A1g state dominates over the phase diagram but a B1g state has close-by energy. In addition to the nodeless A1g sx2y2 channel, the nodal A1g sx2+y2 and B1g dx2- y2 channels are also competitive in the magnetically frustrated J1~J2 parameter regime. An A1g+iB1g state, which breaks time-reversal symmetry, occurs at low temperatures in part of the phase diagram. Implications for the experiments in the iron pnictides are discussed.
Application of inverse path distance weighting for high-density spatial mapping of coastal water quality patterns

One of the primary goals of coastal water quality monitoring is to characterize spatial variation. Generally, this monitoring takes place at a limited number of fixed sampling points. The alternative sampling methodology explored in this paper involves high-density sampling from an on-board flow-through water analysis system Dataflow. Dataflow West Palm Beach, FL, USA has the potential to provide better spatial resolution of water quality features because it generates many closely spaced <10 m measurements. Regardless of the measurement technique, parameter values at unsampled locations must be interpolated from nearby measurement points in order to generate a comprehensive picture of spatial variations. Standard Euclidean interpolations in coastal settings tend to yield inaccurate results because they extend through barriers in the landscape such as peninsulas, islands, and submerged banks. We recently developed a method for non-Euclidean interpolation by inverse path distance weighting IPDW in order to account for these barriers. The algorithms were implemented as part of an R package and made available from R repositories. The combination of IPDW with Dataflow provided more accurate estimates of salinity patterning relative to Euclidean inverse distance weighting IDW. IPDW was notably more accurate than IDW in the presence of intense spatial gradients.
Simulation of swimming organisms: coupling internal mechanics with external fluid dynamics

Problems in biological fluid dynamics typically involve the interaction of an elastic structure with its surrounding fluid. A unified computational approach, based on an immersed boundary framework, couples the internal force-generating mechanisms of organisms and cells with an external, viscous, incompressible fluid. Computational simulation, in conjunction with laboratory experiment, can provide valuable insight into complex biological systems that involve the interaction of an elastic structure with a viscous, incompressible fluid. This biological fluid-dynamics setting presents several more challenges than those traditionally faced in computational fluid dynamics - specifically, dynamic flow situations dominate, and capturing time-dependent geometries with large structural deformations is necessary. In addition, the shape of the elastic structures is not preset: fluid dynamics determines it. This article presents our recent progress on coupling the internal molecular motor mechanisms of beating cilia and flagella with an external fluid, as well as the three-dimensional (3D) undulatory swimming of nematodes and leeches. We expect these computational models to provide a testbed for examining different theories of internal force-generation mechanisms.
Bright UV-Blue Luminescent Colloidal ZnSe Nanocrystals

Relatively monodisperse, highly luminescent zinc blende ZnSe nanocrystals are synthesized in a hexadecylamine/trioctylphosphine coordination solvent. The controlled growth process affords tunable sample sizes. Pure band-edge fluorescence size-tunable between 2.8 and 3.4 eV is obtained at room temperature with quantum yields between 20% and 50% relative to Stilbene 420.
Linking e-service quality and markups: The role of imperfect information in the supply chain

Abstract Consumers’ access to the Internet has greatly expanded their ability to compare offers across a wide array of retailers. In some particular industries (i.e., music), the Internet has also provided consumers with unprecedented opportunities to consider retail offers involving physical goods (i.e., CDs) alongside specialized services. As shown in this paper, these circumstances have important implications for the design and management of customer relationships. These circumstances also permeate relationships across retail and wholesale echelons in music supply chains. In particular, an empirical analysis shows that online consumer access to information on CD retail markups compels retailers to market a level of service quality that is consistent with that markup information. However, limitations in consumer access to markup data, available only to wholesalers and to Internet retailers, allow retailers to inversely link their markups to the fulfillment service quality offered to consumers with wholesaler support.
Wee partons in large nuclei: from virtual dream to hard reality

We construct a weak coupling, many body theory to compute parton distributions in large nuclei for x {much_lt} A{sup {minus} 1/3}. The wee partons are highly coherent, non-Abelian Weizsaecker-Williams fields. Radiative corrections to the classical results axe discussed. The parton distributions for a single nucleus provide the initial conditions for the dynamical evolution of matter formed in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.
Hierarchical Layout Verification

This article presents a hierarchical cell structure that has been Used successfully to improve the performance of Intel's connectivity verifier and design rule checker. A unique algorithm for performing design rule checks efficiently in a hierarchical environment is discussed in detail. To undersize and oversize in a hierarchical environment without disrupting the cell structure, the definition of sizing must be changed so that geometries inside a cell and touching the cell boundaries do not pull away and geometries outside the cell do not extend inside. There are also a few Pathologies?caused mostly by looking at only a small portion of the layout, outside of the context where it is used. Nevertheless, careful use of hierarchical design can deliver order-of-magnitude improvements in layout checking runtime.
Direct Catalytic Anti-Markovnikov Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Alkenes

A direct catalytic anti-Markovnikov addition of carboxylic acids to alkenes is reported. The catalyst system is comprised of the Fukuzumi acridinium photooxidant (1) and a substoichiometric quantity of a hydrogen-atom donor. Oxidizable olefins, such as styrenes, trisubstituted aliphatic alkenes, and enamides, can be employed along with a variety of carboxylic acids to afford the anti-Markovnikov addition adducts exclusively. A deuterium-labeling experiment lends insight to the potential mechanism.
Choices of Seriously Ill Patients About Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Correlates and Outcomes

Purpose For patients hospitalized with serious illnesses, we identified factors associated with a stated preference to forgo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), examined physician-patient communication about these issues, and determined the relationship of patients' preferences to intensity of care and survival. Patients and methods The study was a crosssectional evaluation of patient preferences. The setting was five geographically diverse academic acute-care medical centers participating in the SUPPORT (Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments) project. Study participants were hospitalized patients ≥18 years of age with 1 of 9 serious illnesses who were interviewed between days 3 and 6 after qualifying for the study. Using standardized interviews, patients provided information on demographics, preferences for CPR and other treatments, quality of life, functional status, perceptions of prognosis, and whether the patient had discussed CPR preferences with his or her physician. Data abstracted from the medical record included physiologic measures, therapeutic intensity, whether CPR was provided, and whether there was a do-not-resuscitate order. results: Of 1,955 eligible patients, 84% were interviewed (mean age 62 years, 58% men, inhospital mortality 7%, 6-month mortality 33%). Of the respondents, 28% did not want CPR. Factors associated independently with not wanting CPR included: hospital site; diagnosis; being older; being more functionally impaired; and patient perception of a worse prognosis. Only 29% of patients had discussed their preferences with their physician; 48% of those who did not want CPR reported such discussions. After adjusting for illness severity and factors associated with CPR preferences, patients not wanting CPR had lower intensity of care; similar inhosprtal mortality; and higher mortality at 2 and 6 months following study entry. Conclusions The diagnosis, patients' perception of the prognosis, and hospital site were significantly associated with patients' resuscitation preferences after adjusting for patient demographics, severity of illness, and functional status. The rate of discussing CPR was low even for patients who did not want CPR. Patient preferences not to receive CPR were associated with a small decrease in intensity of care but no difference in hospital survival.
Green’s Functions for Surface Waves in a Generic Velocity Structure

Methodologies for calculating surface‐wave velocities and the associated displacement/stress eigenfunctions and Green’s functions have been well established for many decades. However, to our knowledge, no one has ever documented a quantitative evaluation of these properties for commonly used empirical scalings. For example, it is currently not possible to take a given power‐law dependence of shear‐wave velocity on depth and look up the corresponding dependence of phase velocity on frequency, or Green’s function surface displacement. We address this gap in the literature and here provide explicit quantitatively accurate expressions for phase velocities and Green’s function amplitudes for a few commonly used empirical formulas for near‐surface velocity structure. These exact expressions are found to be immediately useful in applications that use shallow phase velocities and also in applications that interpret seismic amplitudes or amplitude ratios from near‐surface processes such as fluvial transport, icequakes, landslides, and volcanic tremor.
The hydrodynamic scaling model for polymer dynamics

Abstract Critical experiments constraining the range of physically acceptable models for polymer solution dynamics are discussed. The critical experiments determine the effect of matrix topology, probe topology, and matrix cross-linking on probe- and self-diffusion. A specific model for polymer motion in solution follows naturally, namely the hydrodynamic scaling model for polymer dynamics. Fundamental assumptions of the model (coil contraction, self-similarity, and the dominance of hydrodynamic forces) are described. Major predictions of the model are given and shown to compare favorably with experiment. There exist alternatives to hydrodynamic scaling, notably the reptation-entanglement pictures which assert the dominance of topological interchain interactions over hydrodynamic forces. A wide variety of experimental evidence, discussed herein, supports the hydrodynamic scaling model and rejects reptation-scaling pictures.
Experimental study of saddle point of attachment in laminar juncture flow

An experimental study of laminar horseshoe vortex flows upstream of a cylinder/flat plate juncture has been conducted to verify the existence of saddle-point-of-attachment topologies. In the classical depiction of this flowfield, a saddle point of separation exists on the flat plate upstream of the cylinder, and the boundary layer separates from the surface. Recent computations have indicated that the topology may actually involve a saddle point of attachment on the surface and additional singular points in the flow. Laser light sheet flow visualizations have been performed on the symmetry plane and crossflow planes to identify the saddle-point-of-attachment flowfields. The visualizations reveal that saddle-point-of-attachment topologies occur over a range of Reynolds numbers in both single and multiple vortex regimes. An analysis of the flow topologies is presented that describes the existence and evolution of the singular points in the flowfield.
Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents

Most studies on garlic during the past 15 years have been primarily in the fields of cardiovascular and cancer research. Cardiovascular studies have been mainly related to atherosclerosis, where effects were examined on serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Although the studies were not consistent in relation to the dosage, standardization of garlic preparations, and period of treatment, most findings suggest that garlic decreases cholesterol and triglycerides levels in patients with increased levels of these lipids. Lowering of serum lipids by garlic ingestion may decrease the atherosclerosis process. The other major beneficial effect of garlic is due to its antithrombotic actions. This field of garlic research has been extensively studied. Garlic extracts and several garlic constituents demonstrate significant antithrombotic actions both in vitro and in vivo systems. Allicin and adenosine are the most potent antiplatelet constituents of garlic because of their in vitro effects. Since both allicin and adenosine are rapidly metabolized in human blood and other tissues, it is doubtful that these compounds contribute to any antithrombotic actions in the body. In addition, ajoene also seems not to be an active antiplatelet principle, because it is not naturally present in garlic, garlic powders, or other commercial garlic preparations. Only a small amount of ajoene can be found in garlic oil-macerates; however, ajoene is being developed as a drug for treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Recent findings on the identification of potent enzyme inhibiting activities of adenosine deaminase and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in garlic extracts are interesting, and may have a significant role in the pharmacological actions in the body. Presence of such enzyme inhibitors in garlic may perhaps explain several clinical effects in the body, including the antithrombotic, vasodilatory, and anticancer actions. Epidemiological studies have suggested that garlic plays a significant role in the reduction of deaths caused by malignant diseases. This had led many investigators to examine garlic and garlic constituents for their antitumor and cytotoxic actions both in vitro and in laboratory animals. The data from these investigations suggest that garlic contains several potentially important agents that possess antitumor and anticarcinogenic properties. In summary, the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data have proved that garlic contains many biologically and pharmacologically important compounds, which are beneficial to human health from cardiovascular, neoplastic, and several other diseases. Numerous studies are in progress all over the world to develop effective and odorless garlic preparations, as well as to isolate the active principles that may be therapeutically useful.
GEM: graphical explorer of MPI programs

Formal dynamic verification complements MPI program testing by detecting hard-to-find concurrency bugs. These bugs are elusive and difficult to reproduce and track down using conventional methods due to the difficulty in determining the state of a program when the bug occurs. In previous work, we described our dynamic verifier called In-situ Partial Order (ISP [5]) that can efficiently search the execution space of an MPI program while detecting important classes of bugs. ISP does this by executing processes under the control of its own scheduler. One major limitation of ISP, when used by itself, is the lack of a powerful and widely usable graphical front-end. We now present a new tool called Graphical Explorer of MPI Programs (GEM [2]) that overcomes this limitation. GEM is designed as an Eclipse plug-in within the Parallel Tools Platform (PTP [1]), a rapidly evolving tool integration framework for parallel program development and analysis. GEM serves to bring ISP within reach of a wide array of programmers with its original release as part of PTP version 3.0 in December, 2009. Our poster illustrates the motivation for GEM, an overview of its features and our future plans.
Intersection multiplicities over Gorenstein rings

Let R be a complete local ring of dimension d over a perfect field of prime characteristic p, and let M be an R-module of finite length and finite projective dimension. S. Dutta showed that the equality \(\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{\ell(F^n_R(M))}{p^{nd}} = \ell(M)\) holds when the ring R is a complete intersection or a Gorenstein ring of dimension at most 3. We construct a module over a Gorenstein ring R of dimension five for which this equality fails to hold. This then provides an example of a nonzero Todd class \(\tau_3(R)\), and of a bounded free complex whose local Chern character does not vanish on this class.
OUTPUT TRACKING WITH NONHYPERBOLIC AND NEAR NONHYPERBOLIC INTERNAL DYNAMICS : HELICOPTER HOVER CONTROL

A technique to achieve output tracking for nonminimum phase linear systems with nonhyperbolic and near nonhyperbolic internal dynamics is presented. This approach integrates stable inversion techniques, that achieve exact-tracking, with approximation techniques, that modify the internal dynamics to achieve desirable performance. Such modification of the internal dynamics is used (a) to remove nonhyperbolicity which is an obstruction to applying stable inversion techniques and (b) to reduce large preactuation times needed to apply stable inversion for near nonhyperbolic cases. The method is applied to an example helicopter hover control problem with near nonhyperbolic internal dynamics for illustrating the tradeoff between exact tracking and reduction of preactuation time.
Galaxy Clusters Associated with Short GRBs. I. The Fields of GRBs 050709, 050724, 050911, and 051221a

We present a search for galaxy clusters in the fields of three bona fide short gamma-ray bursts (050709, 050724, and 051221a) and the putative short-burst GRB 050911, using multislit optical spectroscopy. These observations are part of a long-term program to constrain the progenitor age distribution based on the fraction of short GRBs in galaxy clusters and early-type galaxies. We find no evidence for cluster associations at the redshifts of the first three bursts, but we confirm the presence of the cluster EDCC 493 within the error circle of GRB 050911 and determine its redshift, z = 0.1646, and velocity dispersion, σ ≈ 660 km s-1. In addition, our analysis of Swift XRT observations of this burst reveals diffuse X-ray emission coincident with the optical cluster position, with luminosity LX ≈ 4.9 × 1042 ergs s-1 and temperature kT ≈ 0.9 keV. The inferred mass of the cluster is 2.5 × 1013 M☉, and the probability of chance coincidence is about 0.1%-1%, indicating an association with GRB 050911 at the 2.6-3.2 σ confidence level. A search for diffuse X-ray emission in coincidence with the 15 other short GRBs observed with XRT and Chandra reveals that, with the exception of the previously noted cluster ZwCl 1234.0+02916 likely associated with GRB 050509b, no additional associations are evident to a typical limit of 3 × 10-14 ergs s-1 cm-2, or M 5 × 1013 M☉, assuming a typical z = 0.3. The estimated fraction of short GRBs hosted by galaxy clusters of about 5%-20% is in rough agreement with the fraction of stellar mass in clusters of ~10%-20%.
More on electric dipole moment constraints on phases in the constrained MSSM

Abstract We reconsider constraints on CP-violating phases in mSUGRA, sometimes also referred to as the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We include the recent calculations of Ibrahim and Nath on the chromoelectric and purely gluonic contributions to the quark electric dipole moment and combine cosmological limits on gaugino masses with experimental bounds on the neutron (and electron) electric dipole moments. The constraint on the phase of the Higgs mixing mass μ, |θμ|, is dependent on the value of the trilinear mass parameter, A, in the model and on tanβ. For values of |A| GeV at the GUT scale, we find |θμ|/π≲0.05, while for |A| GeV , |θμ|/π≲0.3. Thus, we find that in principle, large CP violating phases are compatible with the bounds on the electric dipole moments of the neutron and electron, as well as remaining compatible with the cosmological upper bound on the relic density of neutralinos. The other CP-violating phase θA is essentially unconstrained.
Dihydrogen Catalysis: A Remarkable Avenue in the Reactivity of Molecular Hydrogen

Molecular hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant compound in the universe and is involved in numerous industrial chemical processes. In conventional chemistry, dihydrogen typically plays the role of a reductant and a reagent for homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrogenation processes such as the industrial and enzymatic ammonia formation, reduction of metallic ores and hydrogenation of unsaturated fats and oils. However, there are also processes in which molecular hydrogen participates as promoter, and even as catalyst. The catalytic role of the dihydrogen in free-valence migration in irradiated polymers and the interstellar isomerization of the formyl cation (protonated carbon monoxide) are well-documented examples of such processes. Recently, this issue has received new attention. Dihydrogen has been shown to play the role of a dehydrogenation catalyst (involving particularly metallocomplexes and inorganic materials), a relay (pass-on) transfer molecular agent and a transporter of protons.This review ...
Finding Testable Causal Mechanisms to Address Critical Public Management Issues

Abstract This article shows how Charles Ragin's method of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) can be used to explore and untangle complex organizational relationships and outcomes in small-N data sets and to generate hypotheses about conjectural causal mechanisms. These can then be fruitfully tested statistically for large-N sets and applied to solve public management design problems, thereby aiding existing states to be transformed into preferred ones. The QCA method has particular relevance to public management as a tool for comparative analysis and research.
Revisiting the Y = 0 open spin chain at one loop

In 2005, Berenstein and Vazquez determined an open spin chain Hamiltonian describing the one-loop anomalous dimensions of determinant-like operators corresponding to open strings attached to Y = 0 maximal giant gravitons. We construct the transfer ma- trix (generating functional of conserved quantities) containing this Hamiltonian, thereby directly proving its integrability. We find the eigenvalues of this transfer matrix and the corresponding Bethe equations, which we compare with proposed all-loop Bethe equations. We note that the Bethe ansatz solution has a certain “gauge” freedom, and is not com- pletely unique.
A new synthesis of alkyl fluorides

Abstract Reduction of α-fluorosulfides with sodium in alcohol results in the formation of fluoroalkanes.
Understanding co-evolution in large multi-relational social networks

Understanding dynamics of evolution in large social networks is an important problem. In this paper, we characterize evolution in large multi-relational social networks. The proliferation of online media such as Twitter, Facebook, Orkut and MMORPGs1 have created social networking data at an unprecedented scale. Sony's Everquest II is one such example. We used game multi-relational networks to reveal the dynamics of evolution in a multi-relational setting by macroscopic study of the game network. Macroscopic analysis involves fragmenting the network into smaller portions for studying the dynamics within these sub-networks, referred to as ‘communities’. From an evolutionary perspective of multi-relational network analysis, we have made the following contributions. Specifically, we formulated and analyzed various metrics to capture evolutionary properties of networks. We find that co-evolution rates in trust based ‘communities’ are approximately 60% higher than the trade based ‘communities’. We also find that the trust and trade connections within the ‘communities’ reduce as their size increases. Finally, we study the interrelation between the dynamics of trade and trust within ‘communities’ and find interesting results about the precursor relationship between the trade and the trust dynamics within the ‘communities’.
A quantum algorithm for Viterbi decoding of classical convolutional codes

We present a quantum Viterbi algorithm (QVA) with better than classical performance under certain conditions. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is applied to decoding classical convolutional codes, for instance, large constraint length $$Q$$Q and short decode frames $$N$$N. Other applications of the classical Viterbi algorithm where $$Q$$Q is large (e.g., speech processing) could experience significant speedup with the QVA. The QVA exploits the fact that the decoding trellis is similar to the butterfly diagram of the fast Fourier transform, with its corresponding fast quantum algorithm. The tensor-product structure of the butterfly diagram corresponds to a quantum superposition that we show can be efficiently prepared. The quantum speedup is possible because the performance of the QVA depends on the fanout (number of possible transitions from any given state in the hidden Markov model) which is in general much less than $$Q$$Q. The QVA constructs a superposition of states which correspond to all legal paths through the decoding lattice, with phase as a function of the probability of the path being taken given received data. A specialized amplitude amplification procedure is applied one or more times to recover a superposition where the most probable path has a high probability of being measured.
Solar Residential Electrification with High-Performance Heat Engines

Application of high-performance closed-cycle heat engines to solar energy conversion for residences and other buildings is considered. Stirling and recuperated Brayton cycles are investigated with the former favored due to commonality in construction with conventional small Otto cycle engines. Typical top temperatures of these cycles is near best compromise between thermodynamic efficiency vs solar collection efficiency. The overall system includes an array of sun-following paraboloidal collectors connected by sodium heat pipes. Both heat and electrical buffering, control problems, accoutrements (such as heat pumps), other heat sources, and other electrical sources are examined. Analogous conversion of furnace fuel energy into electricity is considered.
On Zurek?s Derivation of the Born Rule

Recently, W. H. Zurek presented a novel derivation of the Born rule based on a mechanism termed environment-assisted invariance, or “envariance” [W. H. Zurek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(2), 120404 (2003)]. We review this approach and identify fundamental assumptions that have implicitly entered into it, emphasizing issues that any such derivation is likely to face.
A Model of Exchange Rate Pass-through

Abstract Exchange rate pass-through is the phenomenon whereby changes in the value of foreign exchange are reflected in changes in import prices. This paper presents a partial equilibrium model in which firms are price setters who anticipate exchange rate changes. In equilibrium, firms' strategies incorporate expectations about the exchange rate consistently and are best responses to the strategies of all others in the world market. It is shown that exchange rate changes give rise to import price changes, but the degree of exchange rate pass-through depends upon domestic and foreign market structures and the exchange rate regime. In general, exchange rate pass-through is higher if the home market is monopolistic or if the foreign market is competitive.
The critical manifolds of inhomogeneous bond percolation on bow-tie and checkerboard lattices

We give a conditional derivation of the inhomogeneous critical percolation manifold of the bow-tie lattice with five different probabilities, a problem that does not appear at first to fall into any known solvable class. Although our argument is mathematically rigorous only on a region of the manifold, we conjecture that the formula is correct over its entire domain, and we provide a non-rigorous argument for this that employs the negative probability regime of the triangular lattice critical surface. We discuss how the rigorous portion of our result substantially broadens the range of lattices in the solvable class to include certain inhomogeneous and asymmetric bow-tie lattices, and that, if it could be put on a firm foundation, the negative probability portion of our method would extend this class to many further systems, including F Y Wu’s checkerboard formula for the square lattice. We conclude by showing that this latter problem can in fact be proved using a recent result of Grimmett and Manolescu for isoradial graphs, lending strong evidence in favor of our other conjectured results.This article is part of ‘Lattice models and integrability’, a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical in honour of F Y Wu's 80th birthday.
Does Quality Adjustment Matter for Technologically Stable Products? An Application to the CPI for Food

For most indexes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates price inflation using a form of the "matched-model" approach. The intent of that approach is to form a price index from a sample of related goods or services, with the objective of following the price of each specific model or item for the entire life of the sample. If an item is no longer sold, another model is found and the price of the new item is followed, with no account made of differences in price or quality between the old and new items. Consequently, if technological improvements lead to a persistent upward trend in quality, so that new items are superior to old items, quality improvement is underestimated, and price infla? tion will be overestimated. As a corollary, it is fre? quently taken for granted that the matched-model approach accurately reflects price inflation for products that have no ongoing change in quality. The BLS handling of product replacements, however, has one crucial aspect that research? ers and commentators sometimes fail to take into account. When a product disappears and is
A Model of Dual Labor Markets When Product Demand Is Uncertain

Dual labor market theory is an attempt to understand observed variation in wages and job quality. The theory argues that market processes tend to produce "primary" jobs characterized by high wages and longjob tenure, and "contingent" (or "secondary") jobs that typically offer low wages and short tenure. The key feature distinguishing dual labor market theory from such alternative explanations as human capital theory or the theory of compensating wage differentials, is the nature of the labor market equilibrium. In dual labor market theory, equilibrium is characterized by an excess supply of qualified workers to primary jobs. Mobility between contingent and primary jobs will therefore be limited, and "good" workers may be stuck in "bad" jobs.