cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Mass-Transport-Deposit Surface Topography on the Evolution of Turbidite Architecture: The Sierra Contreras, Tres Pasos Formation (Cretaceous), Southern Chile

Abstract The Upper Cretaceous Tres Pasos Formation, exposed on the Sierra Contreras, southern Chile, provides an exceptional opportunity to document well-exposed depositional relationships between fine-grained mass-transport deposits (MTDs) and overlying turbiditic sandstone deposits in an ancient deep-water slope system. The lateral continuity of the reservoir-scale sandstone-rich facies at this outcrop is controlled principally by surface topography intrinsic to the MTDs, where overlying, conformable sandstone beds pinch out and lap onto the relative topographic highs of the MTD upper surfaces. Turbidite architecture evolves to more laterally continuous, sheet-like deposits as a result of depositional smoothing of MTD topographic relief and diminished confinement. An MTD surface-topography model containing a hierarchy of three fundamental tiers of MTD upper surface topography is identified at the Sierra Contreras and is defined by the maximum values of the horizontal (x) and the vertical (y) dimensions of the topography relative to local elevation. Each tier of the hierarchy is distinguished from the next by approximately one order of magnitude difference in both of the two dimensions. Tier 1 MTD surface topography is up to several meters in magnitude in the x and y dimensions and creates local pockets of ponded sandstone. Tier 2 MTD surface topography is 10 meters to several tens of meters in the x dimension and several meters to several tens of meters in the y dimension. This scale of topography can laterally compartmentalize discrete packages of sandstone. The largest scale of MTD surface topography, Tier 3, is several hundred meters in both the x and y dimensions and can laterally divide (in at least two dimensions) kilometer-scale sediment-gravity-flow conduits, significantly compartmentalizing sandstone deposits. The cyclic packaging of sandstone and MTDs observed at the outcrop suggest the depositional slope profile was adjusting between graded (constructional) and out-of-grade (degradational) conditions in this overall prograding slope system. The MTD surface-topography hierarchy presented here is applicable at a range of scales in analogous MTD-dominated deep-water slope environments, from relatively high-resolution ancient outcrops to lower-resolution seismic-reflection-based studies. Whilst the tiers are successively separated by an order of magnitude in size, there is range within the hierarchy with respect to the topographic dimensions facilitating a more flexible comparison of geographically separated MTDs.
Radiative feedbacks on global precipitation

The radiative kernel technique is employed to quantify twenty-first century changes to the tropospheric energy budget in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) models in order to better understand changes in global-mean precipitation. The strongest feedbacks on the tropospheric radiative cooling are found to be associated with increases in temperature and water vapor, with the water vapor feedback offsetting a significant portion (~39%) of the increase in radiative cooling due to higher temperatures. Cloud and surface sensible heat flux feedbacks, though not as large in magnitude as the temperature and water vapor feedbacks, are important contributors to the intermodel difference in the global precipitation response to warming, or hydrological sensitivity. The direct effects of radiative forcing agents on the tropospheric energy budget are also important. Rising CO2 levels reduce tropospheric radiative cooling and hence limit the increase in global rainfall. Additionally, in some of the models, further reductions in radiative cooling occur due to increases in absorbing aerosol, suggesting that differences in aerosol forcing can explain part of the difference in hydrological sensitivity between models.
Purification and Characterization of Peroxidase Isoenzymes from Green Peas (Pisum sativum)

Peroxidase isoenzymes were purified from green peas with ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE- and S-Sepharose. Three isoenzymes were identified, one neutral (N) and two cationic (C1, C2). N was extremely heat labile, with 50% original activity lost after heating 1.5 min at 25°C. N had Km values (pH 5.0) of 10.2 mM and 2.6 mM for guaiacol and H2O2, respectively. C1 and C2 retained activity on heating at 30–70°C. C1 was able to reactivate after thermal inactivation. Km values for guaiacol/H2O2 were 10.8 mM/7.2 mM (pH 5.0) and 10.8 mM/4.3 mM (pH 6.0) for C1 and C2, respectively. The three isoenzymes exhibited different peroxidase activities with different H-donors, different sensitivities to cyanide and different abilities to catalyze oxidation of indoleacetic acid.
Raising Citizens or Raising Test Scores? Teach for America, "No Excuses" Charters, and the Development of the Neoliberal Citizen.

This article addresses how teachers conceptualize and attempt to develop citizens within the context of market-based reforms. Findings are based on a qualitative case study of Teach For America teachers at a Knowledge is Power Program charter school in New Orleans. Using Westheimer and Kahne’s taxonomy of citizenship, I provide evidence that participants envision multiple types of citizenship, yet only those who seek to develop personally responsible citizens, which I argue accept the fundamental tenets of neoliberalism, are able to actualize their goals and implement a pedagogy that reflects their ideology. Teachers’ lack of capacity and freedom to develop participatory and justice-oriented citizens stands in stark contrast to the justice-based rhetoric employed by market-based reformers and further calls into question the assumption that increased test scores are an indication of successful reforms.
A SECOND PHILOSOPHY OF ARITHMETIC

This paper outlines a second-philosophical account of arithmetic that places it on a distinctive ground between those of logic and set theory.
Correctional Mission Statements as Indicators of the Criminal Justice Policy Environment A Research Note

Shifts in public opinion and public policy in the early 21st century point to a changing criminal justice environment, which is decreasing the use of incarceration and increasing the role of rehabilitation and reintegration in the development of justice solutions. This study provides the original results of a content analysis of 49 state correctional department mission statements as a means of exploring the present day focus of correctional institutions. Findings indicate that concern for public safety is the dominant goal of state departments of corrections, but that over half of departments also emphasize the rehabilitation of offenders as part of their public mission. Suggestions for future research and implications for criminal justice administrators and policy makers are discussed.
Treatment Issues and Outcomes for Males With Eating Disorders

The aim of this article is to discuss critical issues in treating males with eating disorders, and to present assessment and treatment outcome data for 111 males who received residential treatment for moderate to severe eating disorders. Males with eating disorders are often not included in eating disorder research as the population of individuals with eating disorders has historically been predominantly female. Whether this is due to actual lower prevalence of this disorder among males or to fewer males seeking treatment is not clear. In any case, there is limited empirical research on the particular treatment issues of males, and in treatment environments males are frequently in the minority. We have found that an all-male treatment environment is helpful in allowing males to benefit from treatment with less stigma. Data are presented which characterize psychiatric co-morbidity, excessive exercise, body image, sexuality, and spirituality in males. Treatment outcomes for males in this environment are positive.
Boundary Spanning Individuals: Their Role in Information Transfer and Their Antecedents

An investigation of alternative mechanisms by which information is imported into organizations indicates that informational boundary spanning is accomplished only by those individuals who are well ...
Practical Routing and Channel Assignment Scheme for Mesh Networks with Directional Antennas

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has been recognized as one of the promising technologies to provide wireless broadband access. In addition to the multi-radio multi-channel network architecture often seen in WMNs, employment of directional antennas on each mesh node could further improve the system throughput via alleviating the interference between nearby nodes thus allowing more concurrent transmissions in the network. In this paper, we describe a novel algorithm to produce joint decisions on routing and channel assignment with practical implementation considerations for WMNs with directional antennas. In particular, we formulate this joint optimization problem as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem with all practical considerations modeled explicitly as MIP constraints. For example, our scheme only considers dual-path routes and one- to-one association between access points and gateway nodes, so as to facilitate its deployment with commercial wireless networking devices such as IEEE 802.11 compliant devices. The objective is to maximize the aggregate system throughput and to provide fair and satisfactory services to all access points. Simulation results show that our scheme (i.e., the solution to the MIP problem) fully exploits the multi-radio multi-channel network architecture and directional antennas in WMNs, and is able to achieve the design objectives with significantly reduced implementation complexity.
Cosmopolitan preferences: The constitutive role of place in American elite taste for hip-hop music 1991–2005

Abstract Sociology has long identified place as an important theoretical category, and a basic element of social life, but the discipline has largely left implicit the role of place as a structuring element of social perception. We reinterpret two debates in cultural sociology—cosmopolitan omnivorism and cultural reception—to show how place has been used as a static category, not a productive source of meanings, in these fields. We then introduce how scholars can further develop an analysis of place meanings, and apply this fresh perspective to our empirical study, a discourse analysis of elite music critics’ taste for rap music. We find that critics base their judgments of the genre on three place-based criteria, that: (1) rap must be “emplaced” to be meaningful, (2) “ghettoes” are central to rap's meaningfulness and (3) international scenes are privileged as politically and aesthetically more important than American scenes. These data suggest that the omnivorous taste pattern among American elites follows an intra-genre logic of appropriation that incorporates or rejects cultural objects influenced by the meanings associated with their context of production. We conclude by highlighting the analytic benefit of recognizing place as a constituent element of social perception in cultural sociology.
An Evaluation Of A Public Energy Loan Program: The Characteristics Influencing Inquiry And Participation By Firms

Public programs designed to subsidize the use of energy conserving technologies are becoming widely used policy initiatives targeting both the public and private sector. Proponents of such initiatives point to its win-win nature of promoting energy conservation: it not only benefits the economy as a whole, but also allows private benefits to accrue to program participants. This paper attempts to identify the firm-level and regional characteristics that influence the likelihood of participation for firms in a public energy loan program. The results show that the loan amount requested by firms is inversely related to participation. Participation falls with proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations when compared with charitable associations, non-profits and government entities. Those companies benefiting the most from small changes in energy efficiency exhibit a significant increase in participation rates. Firms located in metropolitan areas are associated with increased participation when compared with their non-metropolitan counterparts. There is also evidence that program inquiries move with interest rates, suggesting that during periods of rising rates, companies may seek out the program's reduced interest rate to subsidize investment projects. Policymakers may use these findings to better understand how energy-related issues apply to the profit-maximizing decision of the firm.
Infectious Diseases Journals on the World Wide Web: Attractions and Limitations

Online infectious diseases (ID) journals are an increasingly common Web phenomenon. We performed a study of practices in this evolving area that make these sites more usable and useful from the perspective of ID physicians. The Web sites of 18 journals pertaining to general ID and infection control and hospital epidemiology were evaluated for a set of 24 Web interface characteristics and online features. Journals hosted by the High Wire Press (Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Infection and Immunity, and the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) and the University of Chicago Press (The Journal of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Infectious Diseases) best fulfilled our criteria. Electronic reference linking, archives, e-mail alerts, and links to external resources are some of the features of electronic journals that users in the ID specialty may find especially useful.
Explaining franchisors’ choices of organization forms within franchise systems

When franchisors pursue different priorities, different agency problems become relevant, which drive the franchisors’ choices among various franchising organization forms. We use archival and key informant data from a multi-industry sample of 94 franchisors to examine franchisors’ choices of organization forms based on their goals for growth, uniformity and local responsiveness. Our results indicate that franchisors emphasizing high growth are more likely to use multi-unit rather than single-unit franchising and, within the multi-unit franchising form, they are more likely to use area development franchising than incremental franchising. Franchisors emphasizing uniformity instead of growth are more likely to use area development franchising, but those emphasizing local responsiveness are more likely to use incremental franchising. We discuss the implications of these results for franchising research and practice.
Household Composition, Family Migration and Community Context. Migrant Remittances in Four Countries

Objectives. We study migrant remittances among households surveyed in Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, testing expectations derived from the new economics of labor migration (NELM) and from the historic-structural approach. Methods. We applied logistic regression analyses to survey data collected by the Mexican Migration Project and the Latin American Migration Project, focusing on the contrast between Mexico and the Dominican Republic. Results. In Mexico, remittances seem to be associated with the patriarchal traditional family, but in the Dominican Republic we verified the opposite. Receipt of remittances is positively associated with degree of development among Mexican households, but the association is negative in the Dominican Republic. In addition, Mexican remittances are negatively associated with the number of businesses in the local community. Conclusions. In Mexico, as predicted by NELM, the cohesive patriarchal family ensures the flow of remittances as part of a household strategy of risk diversification. Dominican remittances, however, seem to be mostly determined by lack of opportunities and household need.
Practical path planning among movable obstacles

Path planning among movable obstacles is a practical problem that is in need of a solution. An efficient heuristic algorithm is presented that uses a generate-and-test paradigm: a good candidate path is hypothesized by a global planner and subsequently verified by a local planner. In the process of formalizing the problem, a technique for modeling object interactions through contact is presented. The algorithm has been tested on a variety of examples, and was able to generate solutions within 10 s on a 17-MIPS Sun Sparc workstation. >
Author and institution productivity in the Journal of Small Business Management from 1994 to 2003

This study provides concrete insight into which individuals as well as institutions contributed most to the JSBM during the last ten years. It examines the authorship and institutional affiliations of all the articles appearing in the JSBM from 1994 to 2003 (Vols. 32 to 42). There were a total of 326 articles published with 619 author appearances representing 270 different institutions. Tables show the most prolific authors as well as most represented academic institutions.
Long-term stable production of monocyte-colony inhibition factor (M-CIF) from CHO microcarrier perfusion cultures

Monocyte-colony inhibition factor (M-CIF) was produced in microcarrier perfusion cultures from engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Three and fifteen liter microcarrier perfusion bioreactors equipped with internal spin filters were operated for over two months. Approximately 60 L and 300 L of culture filtrate were harvested from the 3L and 15L microcarrier perfusion bioreactors respectively. During the perfusion operation, cell density reached 2–6 × 106 cells/ml. Importantly, stable expression of M-CIF from the CHO cells under non-selection condition was maintained at a level of 4–10 mg/L. Specific productivity was maintained at 1.8–3.4 mg/billion cells/day. The ability of the recombinant CHO cells to migrate from microcarrier to microcarrier under our proprietary HGS-CHO-3 medium greatly facilitated microcarrier culture scale-up and microcarrier replenishment. Future directions for microcarrier perfusion system scale-up and process development are highlighted.
Public perceptions, knowledge and stigma towards people with schizophrenia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain perceptions of educated non‐professionals towards people with schizophrenia.Design/methodology/approach – A social distance scale and a schizophrenia knowledge and attitude survey were administered to 330 undergraduates. It was predicted that knowledge and personal family experience would predict tolerance attitudes and social distance comfort towards persons with schizophrenia.Findings – Knowledge about schizophrenia and personal family experience with mental illness had similar effects on tolerance scores. Specifically, those with higher knowledge and family members with schizophrenia reported higher levels of tolerance (i.e. less stigma). Conversely, participants with a family member diagnosed with a mental illness reported less social distance comfort to persons with schizophrenia as opposed to those without mental illness in the family. Finally, gender differences indicated that women held more tolerant attitudes towards schizophrenia compared with men...
AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDINAL COMMITMENT AND BEHAVIORAL COMMITMENT

This article is concerned with the relationship between attitudinal and behavioral commitment. The role of work rewards and status characteristics regarding this issue is also considered. Data from...
Electrospinning of Polycarbonates and their Surface Characterization using the SEM and TEM

Unlike conventional spin methods, electrospinning is capable of yielding fibers with sub-micron range diameters and high specific surface areas. The use of such electrospun materials in applications, whose functionality depends on the area available, such as separation processes, will be useful. In this study a Bisphenol-A polycarbonate was dissolved in two solvents: Chloroform and a 1:1 mixture of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and Dimethylformamide (DMF) and resulting polycarbonate solutions were then electrospun to produce polycarbonate fiber-mats. The morphological features of the electrospun polycarbonate fibers have been studied as a function of the solvent used and also as a function of the processing voltage. The studies were conducted using the SEM, TEM and Scion image analysis program. The results indicate bold differences in the fiber morphology and bead density trends with the solvent used. Electrospun polycarbonate fibers exhibit a “Raisin like” puckered structure. Such a structure will enhance the functional efficiency of an electrospun material when used in an area-based application. In addition, studies on crazing of bulk polycarbonate and the surface features of electrospun polycarbonate fibers have been conducted. Results indicate a relation between crazing and the topological features of electrospun polycarbonates.
Expression of lyt-1 antigen on certain murine b cell lymphomas.

Although the Lyt-1 antigen has previously been considered a T cell-specific marker, recent evidence suggests that a population of Thy-1-, Lyt-1+ cells exists in normal lymphoid tissues. In this study, we have observed that the WEHI-55, WEHI-259, and CH5 B cell lymphomas express high levels of the Lyt-1 antigen, as detected by monoclonal antibodies using the fluorescence activated cell sorter. Three other B cell lymphomas of the 11 examined also gave weak but detectable reactions with the anti Lyt-1 monoclonal antibody. Except for the expression of the Lyt-1 antigen, these lymphomas are typical of cells in the B cell lineage with respect to surface phenotype. The Lyt-1 glycoprotein immunoprecipitated from metabolically labeled WEHI-55 cells is similar in structure to the Lyt-1 glycoprotein on thymocytes. These findings are similar to recent reports that B-type human lymphocytic leukemia cells express the putative human homologue of Lyt-1, the Leu-1 antigen.
Biotechnology, Technology Policy, and Patentability: Natural Products and Invention in the American System

To understand how to shape United States patent law to further the development and dissemination of biotechnology, it is necessary to understand the nature of the American biotechnology enterprise as a scientific, governmental, and industrial whole. Publicly funded research still plays a dominant role in fostering the basic scientific and technological advances that drive biotechnology forward. Consequently, over-emphasis on patent protection risks displacing public sector values that have played key roles in biotechnology's development. Although patent law appears to have facilitated innovation by small firms, the importance of publicly funded research and public sector values suggests the desirability of robust enforcement of basic requirements for patentability, including that of utility.
Foundation Design Handbook

The purpose of this handbook is to provide information that will enable designers, builders, and homeowners to understand foundation design problems and solutions. The foundation of a house is a somewhat invisible and sometimes ignored component of the building. It is increasingly evident, however, that attention to good foundation design and construction has significant benefits to the homeowner and the builder, and can avoid some serious future problems. Good foundation design and construction practice means not only insulating to save energy, but also providing effective structural design as well as moisture, termite, and radon control techniques where appropriate.
Headache and Idiopathic Epilepsy

Clinical characteristics of headache in 1,264 children with newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy were studied from 2006 to 2009 in five Italian Child Neurology University Centers.
LUTS in pelvic ischemia: a new concept in voiding dysfunction

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a group of voiding symptoms affecting both genders as they age. Traditionally, LUTS in men were commonly attributed to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). It was later shown that, in approximately one-third to more than one-half of cases, LUTS in men are not associated with BOO. Urodynamic changes in the male bladder and symptom scores in aging men were found to be identical to their age-matched female counterparts. These observations suggested that LUTS in the elderly do not necessarily relate to BOO and may result from local changes in bladder muscle, nerves, and blood vessels. However, aging factors predisposing to bladder dysfunction and LUTS remain unknown. Growing evidence suggests that aging-associated pelvic ischemia may be a primary factor in the development of nonobstructed nonneurogenic overactive bladder and LUTS. First identified in experimental models and later in clinical studies, pelvic ischemia has been shown to compromise the lower urinary tract structure and lead to dysfunction. Structural and functional consequences of bladder and prostate ischemia have been documented in animal models. Clinical studies have shown that bladder and prostate blood flow decreases with aging. The severity of LUTS in elderly patients correlates with the degrees of bladder ischemia. LUTS improvement with α blockers has been associated with increased bladder blood flow. Pelvic ischemia may be an independent factor in nonobstructed nonneurogenic bladder instability and LUTS. Further research into the pathophysiology of LUTS in pelvic ischemia may lead to better management of this problem in the elderly population.
LabVIEW FPGA based electromagnetic transient simulator using nodal analysis methods and state-space analysis methods

In the community of electric power systems, it is always desired to perform accurate and fast simulation, especially for transient studies. This brings great challenges to electromagnetic transient program (EMTP), and demands electromagnetic transient simulators with larger scale, higher speed, lower cost, and better expansibility and functionality. This paper briefly reviews the modeling and computing methods of EMTP, and analyzes the ongoing challenges and opportunities of EMTP simulators. Later, a new electromagnetic transient simulator is designed using multiple LabVIEW FPGAs. This simulator efficiently performs electromagnetic transient simulation with nodal analysis methods or state-space analysis methods, and presents the low-cost, easily expandable, and user-friendly programing advantages.
Specificity of inhibition by antiserum of the development of immediate and delayed hypersensitivities in mice.

SummaryThe data reported in this paper confirm our previous report that hyperimmunized mice can produce antiserum which will interfere, in other mice receiving it, with development of delayed hypersensitivity and, to a lesser extent, Arthus hypersensitivity to purified proteins. They also provide direct evidence that this inhibitory effect is specific, and that the inhibitor may be a humoral antibody. It probably is not a precipitin.
Secular Stagnation, Too Much Saving, Ben Bernanke vs Larry Summers and the Theory of Limited Good

Current discussions among major economists finds significant disagreement in defining the status of the global economy. This article examines the main themes in the context of the theories presented on savings, consumption and investment. The primitive society concept of “limited good” appears to have more relevance than any of these theories of modernity. Central banks have been injecting liquidity into markets from the UK, EU, the USA and China and yet the effect has not produced “normality” in the world economy or domestic ones. A “magic” element is lacking and yet is this concept consonant with modernity as it has been described?
First Year GPA and Academic Service Use Among College Students With and Without ADHD

Objective: ADHD is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that typically results in persistent academic difficulties over time. Although most colleges offer support services, students often do not use the available services or those to which they are entitled. The present study examined predictors of academic performance among college students with and without ADHD. In addition, the rate, predictors, and outcomes of academic service use were explored. Methods: A series of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS v. 21 ® software. Results: First year college students with ADHD earned significantly lower grade point averages (GPAs) relative to students without ADHD. Additionally, ADHD combined with other disorders, but not ADHD alone, predicted higher rates of service use relative to students without ADHD. Finally, the findings suggest that typically available academic services are not independently related to GPA among first-year college students with or without ADHD. Conclusion: This study replicates previous work demonstrating significantly lower GPAs among a rigorously defined sample of students with ADHD relative to students without ADHD. Second, this study indicates that traditional predictors of college success may be less meaningful for students with ADHD relative to those without ADHD. Finally, additional research needs to be conducted regarding the use and effectiveness of academic services on college campuses.
Achalasia: Treatment Options Revisited

The aim of all current forms of treatment of achalasia is to enable the patient to eat without disabling symptoms such as dysphagia, regurgitation, coughing or choking. Historically, this has been accomplished by mechanical disruption of the lower esophageal sphincter fibres, either by means of pneumatic dilation (PD) or by open surgical myotomy. The addition of laparoscopic myotomy and botulinum toxin (BTX) injection to the therapeutic armamentarium has triggered a recent series of reviews to determine the optimal therapeutic approach. Both PD and BTX have excellent short term (less than three months) efficacy in the majority of patients. New data have been published that suggest that PD and BTX (with repeat injections) can potentially obtain long term efficacy. PD is still considered the first-line treatment by most physicians; its main disadvantage is risk of perforation. BTX injection is evolving as an excellent, safe option for patients who are considered high risk for more invasive procedures. Laparoscopic myotomy with combined antireflux surgery is an increasingly attractive option in younger patients with achalasia, but long term follow-up studies are required to establish its efficacy and the potential for reflux-related sequelae.
Rapid and Sustained Reductions in Current Suicidal Ideation Following Repeated Doses of Intravenous Ketamine: Secondary Analysis of an Open-Label Study.

BACKGROUND: Ketamine rapidly reduces thoughts of suicide in patients with treatment-resistant depression who are at low risk for suicide. However, the extent to which ketamine reduces thoughts of suicide in depressed patients with current suicidal ideation remains unknown. METHODS: Between April 2012 and October 2013, 14 outpatients with DSM-IV-diagnosed major depressive disorder were recruited for the presence of current, stable (≥ 3 months) suicidal thoughts. They received open-label ketamine infusions over 3 weeks (0.5 mg/kg over 45 minutes for the first 3 infusions; 0.75 mg/kg over 45 minutes for the last 3). In this secondary analysis, the primary outcome measures of suicidal ideation (Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale [C-SSRS] and the Suicide Item of the 28-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS28-SI]) were assessed at 240 minutes postinfusion and for 3 months thereafter in a naturalistic follow-up. RESULTS: Over the course of the infusions (acute treatment phase), 7 of 14 patients (50%) showed remission of suicidal ideation on the C-SSRS Ideation scale (even among patients whose depression did not remit). There was a significant linear decrease in this score over time (P CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study, repeated doses of open-label ketamine rapidly and robustly decreased suicidal ideation in pharmacologically treated outpatients with treatment-resistant depression with stable suicidal thoughts; this decrease was maintained for at least 3 months following the final ketamine infusion in 2 patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01582945.© Copyright 2016 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. Language: en
Increasing Physical Activity during the School Day through Physical Activity Classes: Implications for Physical Educators.

Across the nation schools are adopting health and wellness policies, specifically physical activity (PA) initiatives that aid healthy long-term lifestyles. Interest has been generated about the inclusion of physical activity classes to complement existing physical education classes. Furthermore, discussion has evolved as to if additional instructional resources are needed for physical educators to be adequately equipped to instruct physical activity classes. In this study, we evaluated the instruction and classroom management of physical education teachers instructing a physical activity class over 10 weeks. The purpose of this study was to identify specific instructional constructs that limit movement time. Implementation barriers were identified and used to create techniques to enhance professional education practice and transition a physical education teacher successfully into instructing a physical activity class. With the development of the program Mission Possible: Physical Activity Every Day and the new Physical Activity Leader (PAL) initiative developed by SHAPE America (formally known as AAHPERD) through a partnership with Let’s Move! Active Schools, strategies provided in this article will help children obtain the goal of reaching 60 min of physical activity a day.
OWBP: Flash-Aware Offline Write Buffer Policy

This paper presents a novel offline buffer management scheme for flash-based storage and memory sys-tems. NAND flash memory is a promising storage technology to accelerate IO performance which has been deployed widely in the high-performance data storage systems. The widespread use of this technology unleashed new products which employ flash memory in write intensive applications like server-side caches and in-memory database systems. However, due to limited endurance and relatively high write latency, it is critical to minimize writes to the flash memory in these use cases. Therefore, a small write buffer is used on the top of flash memory to coalesce write requests and reduce write amplification. Although multiple schemes have been proposed to enhance write buffer functionality, still it is not clear how much further these schemes can reduce write amplification and mitigate flash limitations. In this paper, we have focused on this issue and proposed a novel Offline Write Buffer Policy (OWBP) which can reduce flash write amplification by making policy decisions based on futurewrite requests information. This scheme can provide a lower bound for the erase count while maintaining a competitive ratio of buffer hit. We believe OWBP is a useful addition to the flash memory firmware developer community for the evaluation of practical (online) write-buffer management schemes.
The primordial refugees: Religious traditions, global forced migration, and state–society relations:

Global responses to Syrian refugees reveal a contradiction in state–society relations. Many groups in civil society want to assist the refugees, while many state officials want to limit or entirely...
The Psychophysiology of Nausea

Nausea is a debilitating and decidedly aversive subjective condition that is experienced by millions of people on a regular basis, yet nowhere near enough is known about its underlying physiological mechanisms or the manner in which it is influenced by behavioral and psychosocial factors to consistently or effectively manage the suffering with which it coincides. The intensity of nausea appears to be a function of the complex interaction of physiological states, individuals’ perceptions or interpretations of those states, and psychological variables such as expectation, control, predictability, stress, distraction, and adaptation. Studies involving the assessment of physiological aspects of nausea have revealed a distinct pattern of reactivity that accompanies reports of symptoms, and is sensitive to the effects of manipulation of psychological variables that affect nausea ratings. Gastric dysrhythmias, parasympathetic nervous system withdrawal, sympathetic nervous system activation, and increases in plasma vasopressin have each been repeatedly demonstrated to relate significantly to reports of nausea. Brain imaging studies are also beginning to explicate central nervous system patterns of activation associated with nausea. The extent to which behavioral and psychosocial factors affect the subjective experience of nausea and its corresponding physiological response profile remains to be adequately understood. If nausea is indeed the result of a complex psychophysiological mechanism, then the satisfactory elucidation of its nature will undoubtedly help inform and promote the development of successful intervention and prevention strategies.
Multilateral development banking in a fragmented climate system: shifting priorities in energy finance at the Asian Development Bank

Multilateral development banks (MDBs) are increasingly supporting climate change mitigation efforts. However, little is known about how and why this role in climate finance has evolved, and how MDBs are managing this change internally. This paper addresses these questions through an analysis of energy support provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The paper maps trends in the number and monetary value of ADB energy projects and technical assistance activities, presenting descriptive statistics on five categories of energy between 2000 and 2014. The results indicate that ADB while decreased its support for fossil fuel interventions, this sector continues to enjoy substantial funding support. At the same time, support for sustainable energy projects has also increased, reflecting the Bank’s evolving priorities and providing a rough proxy for its entry into the climate finance system. These new insights enhance understanding of the changing dynamics of multilateral climate finance and its complex relationship with development finance institutions. Given their financial resources and policy influence, it is essential for MDBs to support the goals of the new global climate finance architecture. But to be considered a serious actor in the climate finance system, ADB has to revisit its policy architecture, strengthen its accounting procedures, and coordinate its efforts with those of other actors across this fragmented system.
Germline Genetic Variants in TEK, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, MMP9, FGF2 and VEGFA Are Associated with Pathologic Complete Response to Bevacizumab in Breast Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND We previously reported improved pathologic complete response (pCR) in a prospective phase II study using neoadjuvant bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in breast cancer patients (41% vs. 25%, p = 0.0291). In this study, we queried germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiogenesis-related genes for their impact on pCR and overall survival (OS). METHODS DNA for genotyping was available from 34 subjects who received bevacizumab in addition to chemotherapy and 29 subjects who did not. Using Illumina® technology, we queried 504 SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of at least 5%, located in 10 angiogenesis-related genes, for their effect on pCR via logistic regression with an additive-inheritance model while adjusting for race and bevacizumab treatment. SNPs that showed significant associations with pCR were selected for additional characterization. RESULTS After adjusting for race and tumor type, patients who had bevacizumab added to their neoadjuvant therapy were found to experience a significantly improved rate of pCR compared to patients who did not (adjusted OR 8.40, 95% CI 1.90-37.1). When patients were analyzed for SNP effects via logistic regression with race and bevacizumab treatment included as covariates, two SNPs in angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), six in ANGPT2, three in fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), four in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), three in tyrosine kinase, endothelial (TEK) and two in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were associated with pCR (P<0.05). However, when overall survival was considered, there was no difference between treatment groups or between genotypes. CONCLUSION Genetic variability in TEK, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, FGF2, MMP9 and VEGFA is associated with pCR in bevacizumab-treated patients. Consistent with other studies, adding bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy did not impact OS, likely due to other factors and thus, while SNPs in TEK, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, FGF2, MMP9 and VEGFA were associated with pCR, they were not predictive of OS in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00203502.
2014 Keystone Individuals

An animal that stands out in a social group as an information center, leader, or dominant is a keystone individual.
Oral Storytelling as Evidence of Pedagogy in Forager Societies.

Teaching is reportedly rare in hunter-gatherer societies, raising the question of whether it is a species-typical trait in humans. A problem with past studies is that they tend to conceptualize teaching in terms of Western pedagogical practices. In contrast, this study proceeds from the premise that teaching requires the ostensive manifestation of generalizable knowledge: the teacher must signal intent to share information, indicate the intended recipient, and transmit knowledge that is applicable beyond the present context. Certain features of human communication appear to be ostensive in function (e.g., eye contact, pointing, contingency, prosodic variation), and collectively serve as “natural pedagogy.” Tellingly, the oral traditions of foraging peoples typically employ these and other ostensive behaviors, and are widely reported to be an important source of generalizable ecological and social knowledge. Despite this, oral storytelling has been conspicuously overlooked in studies of teaching in forager societies. Accordingly, this study presents evidence that oral storytelling involves the use of ostension and the transmission of generic knowledge, thereby meeting the criteria of pedagogy.
Effect of aflatoxin in growing lambs fed ruminally degradable or escape protein sources.

Thirty-two crossbred (Suffolk x Rambouillet) wether lambs were used to examine the effectiveness of protein source (soybean meal [SBM] or fish meal [FM]) in alleviating decreased performance associated with dietary aflatoxin (AF) in growing lambs. After a 21-d adaptation period to concentrate diets, lambs were assigned to the following dietary treatments: 1) SBM, 0 mg of AF; 2) FM, 0 mg of AF; 3) SBM + 2.5 mg of AF/kg diet; or 4) FM+2.5 mg of AF/kg diet (two lambs/pen; four pens/treatment). Diets were fed 35 d, at which time AF was removed from the diet (except one pen/protein source) and lambs continued on study for an additional 32 d. On d 67, all lambs were killed and necropsied. Average daily gain, feed intake, and gain/feed were similar (P > .10) among lambs fed SBM or FM; however, lambs fed AF had lower (P .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Bayesian explanation for the effect of incumbency

Incumbents appear to perform better in elections because they are incumbents, yet the most commonly proposed explanations for this phenomenon are unsatisfying. I introduce a new explanation that is simple, parsimonious, and largely consistent with empirical evidence. If voters lack perfect information about electoral candidates, incumbency is an informative signal of quality, and voters will update their beliefs accordingly. I formalize these claims with a decision-theoretic model where voters receive noisy signals of candidate quality, and I discuss several empirical phenomena consistent with this explanation. For example, when voters learn that their incumbent barely won office, they are less likely to support reelection and the effect of incumbency largely disappears.
Statistics (ii): Classical Estimation and Hypothesis Testing

An introduction to classical estimation and hypothesis testing procedures was given in Chapter 3. However, the theoretical aspects of these procedures were not then discussed. In particular, optimality aspects of the two procedures were not addressed. We now give a brief introduction to both classical estimation theory and classical hypothesis testing theory, focusing on optimality aspects of these theories. Extensive treatments are given respectively in Lehmann (1991) and Lehmann (1986).
Freeze Frame: The Supreme Court’s Reaffirmation of the Substantive Principles of Preliminary Injunctions

In a series of decisions over the past five years, the Supreme Court has reaffirmed that federal courts should not issue preliminary injunctions unless the moving party demonstrates that she will likely prevail at trial and suffer irreparable harm. In so ruling, the Court rejected less stringent approaches adopted by federal circuit courts that allowed the granting of preliminary injunctions in the absence of proof of one or both of these elements. This article endorses the Court’s approach, which is to freeze and apply the principles of equity that prevailed in English chancery courts at the time of separation of the two countries. This approach is mandated by early decisions of federal courts regarding the scope of their equitable jurisdiction under the Judiciary Act of 1789. It is consistent with the Court’s Seventh Amendment jurisprudence which preserves the distinction between law and equity in pre-revolutionary England to determine jury trial rights. A freeze frame approach has also been used to determine the existence or availability of equitable remedies.
GRASP55 facilitates autophagosome maturation under glucose deprivation

Under growth condition, the Golgi reassembly-stacking protein of 55 kDa (GRASP55)/GORASP2 serves as the "glue" to hold adjacent Golgi cisternae into stacks by forming trans-oligomers. Upon glucose starvation, GRASP55 is de-O-GlcNAcylated and functions as a membrane tether to facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion through the interactions with LC3-II and LAMP2.
Paragraph-level Neural Question Generation with Maxout Pointer and Gated Self-attention Networks

Question generation, the task of automatically creating questions that can be answered by a certain span of text within a given passage, is important for question-answering and conversational systems in digital assistants such as Alexa, Cortana, Google Assistant and Siri. Recent sequence to sequence neural models have outperformed previous rule-based systems. Existing models mainly focused on using one or two sentences as the input. Long text has posed challenges for sequence to sequence neural models in question generation – worse performances were reported if using the whole paragraph (with multiple sentences) as the input. In reality, however, it often requires the whole paragraph as context in order to generate high quality questions. In this paper, we propose a maxout pointer mechanism with gated self-attention encoder to address the challenges of processing long text inputs for question generation. With sentence-level inputs, our model outperforms previous approaches with either sentence-level or paragraph-level inputs. Furthermore, our model can effectively utilize paragraphs as inputs, pushing the state-of-the-art result from 13.9 to 16.3 (BLEU_4).