cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Facility Location under Coordination and Collaboration: The Case of Ambulance-Bystander-Drone Coordination

Drone systems are emerging technology for emergency care of out-of-hospital arrest due to their mobility for quick response to emergency requests. Emergency drone systems can facilitate early medical intervention by delivering automated external defibrillators (AED) before the arrival of traditional ambulances. Despite the AED being delivered to the scene quickly, administration of service cannot be done in the absence of a bystander. Existing works on drone-delivered AED location ignore the stochasticity in bystander response. In this study, we consider location-allocation problems for drones and ambulances to ensure that critical emergencies can be served within the stringent service thresholds with a pre-specified probability. Service can be achieved by either fast ambulances or drone-delivered AED and a bystander, complemented by a slower-arriving ambulance. We develop an optimization framework to minimize the additional required drones to reach the service level, under a given ambulance fleet size (or allocation); and explicitly modeling heterogeneous bystander response times. The joint probabilistic constraint is described and its linear equivalent constraint with approximation is developed to solve the problem as mixed integer linear program. Our results indicate the importance of modeling bystander response time to make drone-delivered healthcare systems successful, and also, the necessity of raising awareness to increase bystander participation.
Chapter 80 – Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a neurocutaneous disorder of cellular differentiation and proliferation that affects multiple organ systems. The predominant neurological manifestations are epilepsy and intellectual impairment. Tuberous sclerosis complex has autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance and a high spontaneous mutation rate. The responsible genes on chromosomes 9 and 16 impart similar phenotypes although individuals with TSC2 mutations tend to exhibit a more severe phenotype. Impaired cellular interaction likely contributes to disrupted neuronal migration along radial glial fibers and abnormal proliferation of glial elements to form cortical tubers and areas of focal dysplasia. Abnormal proliferation results in neural lesions such as subependymal nodules, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, and non-neural tumors such as cardiac rhabdomyomas and renal angiomyolipomas. Progress in understanding the involvement of tuberous sclerosis gene products in apoptosis and tumor suppression via the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling has led to new approaches in treatment.
Epidemiology and risk factors for loss to follow-up following operatively treated femur ballistic fractures.

Abstract Introduction Evidence regarding recommendations for treatment of ballistic fractures remains limited. This paucity of literature has largely been attributed to gunshot wound victims being a difficult population to study secondary to loss to follow-up. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology of operatively treated ballistic femur fractures at our institution, the frequency of outpatient follow-up and risk factors for loss to follow-up. Methods Inpatient consults from 2013-2018 were queried for femoral gunshot wounds treated operatively. Cases without internal or external fixation were excluded from the study. Postoperative visits where a patient was hospitalized or had expired were excluded from the analysis. Demographic information, length of hospital stay, and operative characteristics were compared for different fixation methods and examined as risk factors for loss to follow-up. Results A total of 194 patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 27 years old and 94% of the patients were male. Patient's stayed a median of 5 days post-operatively with patients treated with external fixation staying longer than internal fixation (14 days vs 5 days p=0.01). 9.3% of ballistic fractures had a concomitant vascular injury necessitating repair. 70.4% of patients attended their 2-week postoperative visit, 55.7% of patients attended their 6 week follow-up visit and 31.3% attended their 3 month follow-up visit. Risk factors for loss to follow-up at 3 month visit included younger age (p=0.028), decreased hospital length of stay (p=0.025) and intramedullary fixation (p=0.00015). Discussion and conclusion This study reinforces the difficulty of studying ballistic fractures secondary to loss to follow-up. Younger age, shorter hospital stays and intramedullary fixation increased the risk for loss to follow-up at 3 months.
The Seasonal Flux and Fate of Dissolved Organic Carbon Through Bacterioplankton in the Western North Atlantic.

The oceans teem with heterotrophic bacterioplankton that play an appreciable role in the uptake of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from phytoplankton net primary production (NPP). As such, bacterioplankton carbon demand (BCD), or gross heterotrophic production, represents a major carbon pathway that influences the seasonal accumulation of DOC in the surface ocean and subsequently, the potential vertical or horizontal export of seasonally accumulated DOC. Here, we examine the contributions of bacterioplankton and DOM to ecological and biogeochemical carbon flow pathways, including those of the microbial loop and the biological carbon pump, in the Western North Atlantic Ocean (~39 – 54˚N along ~40˚W) over a composite annual phytoplankton bloom cycle. Combining field observations with data collected from corresponding DOC remineralization experiments, we estimate the efficiency at which bacterioplankton utilize DOC, demonstrate seasonality in the fraction of NPP that supports BCD, and provide evidence for shifts in the bioavailability and persistence of the seasonally accumulated DOC. Our results indicate that while the portion of DOC flux through bacterioplankton relative to NPP increased as seasons transitioned from high to low productivity, there was a fraction of the DOM production that accumulated and persisted. This persistent DOM is potentially an important pool of organic carbon available for export to the deep ocean via convective mixing; thus, representing an important export term of the biological carbon pump.
Comprehensive analysis of trends in Medicare utilization and reimbursement in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation: 2012 to 2017.

INTRODUCTION There is an absence of literature describing Medicare utilization by physiatrists, despite their key role in treating Medicare enrollees with qualifying disabilities and common neuromusculoskeletal conditions. OBJECTIVE To analyze Medicare data regarding physiatrists and their beneficiaries, services, and reimbursement, as well as trends in utilization and geographic distribution. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective analysis of publicly available Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data for Medicare beneficiaries receiving physiatric services from 2012 to 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES After adjustment for inflation, variables assessed for changes over time included provider and beneficiary demographics, total Medicare reimbursement, and the number of services provided, subsequently separated by drug and medical service metrics. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients were computed to study reimbursement inequality. Choropleth maps were generated to assess geographic differences in physician density and reimbursement, both by state and ZIP code. RESULTS The number of physiatrists utilizing Medicare increased from 7230 to 7895 from 2012 to 2017, whereas the average number of unique beneficiaries per clinician remained constant (307 vs. 310; p = .51). The beneficiaries' mean hierarchical conditions category (HCC) health risk score, normalized to 1.0 for the average beneficiary, increased significantly from 2012 to 2017 (1.72 vs. 1.80; p < .01). The mean Medicare reimbursement per physiatrist decreased significantly from 2012 to 2017 ($131,960 vs. $117,623; p < .001), whereas the mean number of services remained constant (3243 vs. 3077; p = .132). Botulinum toxin and baclofen injections were the two most reimbursed drug-related services. Gini coefficients ranged from 0.52 to 0.53 for 2012 to 2017, suggesting moderate reimbursement inequality, with the 75th percentile receiving on average two times the median. Both physician density and top earners were concentrated in urban and metropolitan areas. CONCLUSIONS Despite rising health care costs and the increasing medical complexity of physiatrists' beneficiaries, Medicare payments have decreased over time. These trends are relevant to both providers and policymakers, particularly in light of unequal geographic distribution of physiatrists across the country.
SU-E-J-63: Initial Validation of the Surface Beacon Transponder

Purpose: Varian’s L shaped surface beacon transponder for the Calypso system has recently been cleared for real time tracking anywhere on body. We herein conduct initial validation of the surface beacon transponder in preparation for clinical implementations. Methods: The surface beacon transponder was placed on a respiratory phantom to conduct the following three tests. 1) Stability: the phantom was turned on to produce the same breathing cycle repeatedly, and the associated transponder motion was then recorded. The mean and standard deviations of the amplitude were calculated for phase 0% and 50% over all the cycles. We also looked for any possible baseline drift. 2) Reproducibility: the phantom/transponder was setup to the same position multiple times, and motion from each session was recorded. The mean and standard deviation of the amplitude of phase 0% were calculated over all sessions. 3) Transponder placement sensitivity: it is recommended to align two arms of the transponder to the lateral and sagittal lasers. With patient breathing, transponder position might vary during the treatment. We manually introduced 14° yaw to the transponder placement and calculated the amplitude difference compared to when transponder was perfectly aligned (0°). Results: 1) Stability: the means and standard deviations for 0% and 50% were 1.39±0.01 cm and −0.03±0.005 cm. The baseline seemed to drift up: i.e. the amplitude was shifted slightly higher each breathing cycle. 2) Reproducibility: 1.36±0.02 cm. 3) Transponder placement sensitivity: the amplitudes were 1.55 cm at 14° vs. 1.35 cm at 0°. Conclusion: The surface beacon transponder appears to be relatively stable and reproducible. More study is needed to confirm the baseline drift. It is important to align the transponder to the lasers, and users should be cautious about the possible amplitude change due to transponder yaws.
Evolutionary algorithms for two problems from the calculus of variations

A brachistochrone is the path along which a weighted particle falls most quickly from one point to another, and a catenary is the smooth curve connecting two points whose surface of revolution has minimum area. Two evolutionary algorithms find piecewise linear curves that closely approximate brachistochrones and catenaries.
Sleep and cognitive performance: the role of income and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity.

A health disparities view suggests that low family income status acts as a risk factor for poor cognitive functioning. A biosystems view suggests that poor sleep and poor stress response system functioning are also risk factors. These views are rarely integrated to test multiplicative risk or protective effects from social-cultural and biological variables. We investigated interactions among familial income, children's sleep and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity (RSA reactivity, indexing parasympathetic nervous system reactivity) in the prediction of cognitive performance of school-aged children. Participants were 282 children (146 boys; 35% African American and 65% European American; M age = 9.42 years, SD = .71). Mothers reported on family income. Children's sleep quality (efficiency) and duration (minutes) were assessed via a week of actigraphy. Children's RSA reactivity to an attention demanding and frustrating star tracing challenge was assessed in the lab. Children completed standardized cognitive assessments examining attention, processing speed, and crystallized cognitive functioning. Findings show that more optimal sleep efficiency and RSA reactivity interact to confer protection against poor cognitive performance, particularly for children from lower income homes. Results build on the literature and suggest that interactions between biological systems and socioeconomic variables are key for understanding children's cognitive performance.
Controlled Explanation Systems

In this paper we extend the definition of explanations to controlled explanations. Traditionally, given a set of facts and a theory, a set of explanations are generated which can be used to infer the facts. When the number of such explanations are more than one, then some criteria of minimality or preference is adapted to select some of the explanations. Most of these selection criteria are syntactic based and are domain-independent. In this paper, we define a system, where the selection can be made using some domain-dependent criteria. We motivate and define controlled explanations, show some of their properties and provide a procedure which generates minimal controlled explanations.
A decomposition scheme for system optimal dynamic traffic assignment models

In this paper, a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition based solution algorithm is developed for the linear programming formulation introduced by Ziliaskopoulos (2000) for System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment problem. The algorithm takes advantage of the network structure in the constraint set of the formulation: the sub-problem is formulated as a minimum-cost-flow problem and the master as a simpler linear programming problem, which allows DTA to be solved more efficiently on meaningful networks. The algorithm is tested on an example network and its performance is analyzed.
Women’s Advantage in Higher Education: Towards Understanding A Global Phenomenon

This article reviews prior and emerging research on the gender gap in higher education using a comparative lens. The article outlines historical trends in the gender gap in higher education, focusing on areas where women are advantaged and disadvantaged. It then reviews prior explanations for women’s increasing enrollment in college and continued sex segregation in fields of study. It suggests three fruitful areas for future research to understand the cross-national female advantage in the completion of college and university degrees: (1) the female advantage in schooling; (2) male vulnerability to growing up in resource-deprived homes; and (3) changing incentives for men and women to complete higher education.
Sensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers using a magnetic microbead immunoassay

To achieve improved sensitivity in cardiac biomarker detection, a batch incubation magnetic microbead immunoassay was developed and tested on three separate human protein targets: myoglobin, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, and cardiac troponin I. A sandwich immunoassay was performed in a simple micro-centrifuge tube allowing full dispersal of the solid capture surface during incubations. Following magnetic bead capture and wash steps, samples were analyzed in the presence of a manipulated magnetic field utilizing a modified microscope slide and fluorescent inverted microscope to collect video data files. Analysis of the video data allowed for the quantitation of myoglobin, heart-type fatty acid binding protein and cardiac troponin I to levels of 360 aM, 67 fM, and 42 fM, respectively. Compared to the previous detection limit of 50 pM for myoglobin, this offers a five-fold improvement in sensitivity. This improvement in sensitivity and incorporation of additional markers, along with the small sample volumes required, suggest the potential of this platform for incorporation as a detection method in a total sample analysis device enabling multiplexed detection for the analysis of clinical samples.
Microscopic optical-model calculations of neutron total cross sections and cross section differences.

Using the microscopic optical model of Jeukenne, Lejeune, and Mahaux we have calculated the absolute neutron total cross sections and cross section differences of $^{140}\mathrm{Ce}$, $^{139}\mathrm{Ce}$, $^{141}\mathrm{Ce}$, $^{142}\mathrm{Ce}$, and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ from 6\char21{}60 MeV and have made comparisons with experimental data. Except for $^{142}\mathrm{Ce}$, reasonable agreement with the mass 140 data was achieved with proton densities ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{p}$ of the nuclei determined by ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ data and neutron densities determined by the relationship ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$=(N/Z)${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{p}$ which implies \ensuremath{\Delta}${r}_{\mathrm{np}}$ =〈${r}_{n}^{2}$${〉}^{1/2}$ -〈${r}_{p}^{2}$${〉}^{1/2}$=0. Satisfactory agreement with the $^{142}\mathrm{Ce}$ data was obtained by choosing a ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$ for $^{142}\mathrm{Ce}$ with \ensuremath{\Delta}${r}_{\mathrm{np}}$=0.05 fm and by a 10% increase in the strength of the $^{142}\mathrm{Ce}$ imaginary potential. Similar choices of \ensuremath{\Delta}${r}_{\mathrm{np}}$ and imaginary potential strength were made for $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ in trying to fit the $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ data. Previous phenomenological analyses carried out for this data are in qualitative agreement with our results, which imply that the addition of a few neutrons to a nucleus with a closed neutron shell yields a nucleus with a slightly thicker neutron skin and a larger neutron reaction cross section when compared to their closed shell isotopes.
A structure based measurement of software

Graph models have been useful abstraction for examining the programmer's perspective of the static structure of imperative programs. A number of Graph models referring to control flow and data dependencies have appeared in the literature. The primary objective of this research is to develop a more general graph-theoretic model for describing programs written in arbitrary imperative languages and to compute a structural measure based on this abstraction. The proposed model is a synthesis of the control flow graph and the data dependency graph. This new unified abstraction, called the Generalized Program Graph (GPG), is structurally equivalent to the string from of a program. However, because of its graph structure, the new model is better suited for structural analysis of a program than original string form.
Differential contribution of superoxide dismutase activity by prion protein in vivo.

Abstract Normal prion protein (PrPC) is a copper binding protein and may play a role in cellular resistance to oxidative stress. Recently, copper-bound recombinant PrPC has been shown to exhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. However, as PrPC affinity for copper is low in comparison to other cupro-proteins, the question remains as to whether PrPC could contribute SOD activity in vivo. To unravel this enigma, we compared the SOD activity in lysates extracted from different regions of the brain from wild-type mice before and after the depletion of PrPC. We found that removal of PrPC from the brain lysates reduced the levels of total SOD activity. The level of contribution to the total SOD activity was correlated to the level of PrP expressed and to the predominant form of PrP present in the specific brain region. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence that PrPC differentially contributes to the total SOD activity in vivo.
Development of an end-point detection procedure for the post-expose bake process

Iii previous work by Sturtevant et al [1994] it was shown how the use of scatterometry data obtained in real time during the post-expose bake (PEB) step of the photolithography process can improve critical dimension (CD) control. However, it is not obvious that the ad hoc methodology utilized during these experiments conducted at IBM, is the best way to use this valuable information. This paper focuses on the development of more rigorous methods that can incorporate scatterometry data in on-line prediction of the bake time necessary to achieve the target CD. First, a brief description of the system and required tools is given. Then, a model that can relate the measured intensity and the time the wafer has been baked (referred to hereafter as the bake time) is introduced. Then, two theoretical methods that can utilize this model to calculate the bake end point are described. Finally, these two methods are applied to the analysis ofadditional data collected at IBM and operation oftbe complete end point control system is emulated to the extent that is possible. Keywords: end-point detection, process control, deep-UV lithography, scatterometry, post-exposure bake process
Manganese-doped yttrium orthoaluminate: A potential material for holographic recording and data storage

Optical properties of manganese-doped yttrium orthoaluminate crystals $({\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}:\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{O}}_{3}),$ grown by the Czochralski technique, are reported. Luminescence and absorption spectra indicate the presence of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ ions in as-grown crystals, and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+},$ ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+},$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{5+}$ ions simultaneously in photoexcited crystals. A permanent diffraction grating, erasable by heating, was obtained in the crystals with diffraction efficiency of more than 50% at 514.5 nm reading wavelength and 1--2 % in 632--930 nm wavelength range. Reading at wavelengths longer than 630 nm did not damage the recorded grating. The electro-optical effect observed in the photoexcited crystals implies that manganese ions disturb the ${\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}$ crystal structure so that it becomes noncentrosymmetric.
Discussion of parameter estimation in biological modelling: Algorithms for estimation and evaluation of the estimates.

This paper is concerned with the estimation of parameters when mathematical models are fitted to data. Two new algorithms are presented. The first is fast (economical in computation time), requires no initial estimates, but is not so accurate. The second requires more computation time, and fairly accurate initial estimates, but achieves high accuracy. The models discussed consist of sets of coupled, non-linear differential equations, but the second algorithm is applicable to wider classes of models as well.
Regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 by degradation and phosphorylation

The cell cycle has been the object of extensive studies for the past years. A complex network of molecular interactions has been identified. In particular, a class of cell cycle inhibitory proteins has been cloned and characterized but details of the molecular mechanism of their action have yet to be resolved. These inhibitors regulate the progression through G1 and the G1/S transition via the inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity. The potential function of these negative regulators as tumor suppressors provides new insights into the link between the cell cycle and oncogenesis. p27 is a potent inhibitor of Cdks. In quiescent cells p27 accumulates without an increase in mRNA or protein synthesis. Cell cycle regulation of p27 levels, both in normal and transformed human cells, occurs via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and, compared to proliferating cells, quiescent cells contain a far lower amount of p27 ubiquitinating activity. The specific proteolysis of p27 is probably involved in the pathway of activation of Cdks. p27 is a phosphoprotein and its phosphorylation is cell cycle regulated. Often phosphorylation is a signal for ubiquitination. p27 is phosphorylated exclusively on serine by Erk1 and almost exclusively on threonine by Cdk1 in in vitro experiments. This finding raises the question of whether and how phosphorylation by these kinases is involved in the process of p27 proteolysis.
Anisotropic ac screening response in the vortex state of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 crystals

Abstract We report measurements of ac screening response is single crystals of superconducting Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 as a function of temperature, and applied dc field magnitude and direction. The ac screening response is measured inductively: dc fields are applied with an electromagnet, while a separate coil provides a small ac drive field. The orientation between the applied dc field and the ac probing field can be varied. For dc fields parallel to the crystal c-axis we observe significant anisotropy in the screening response for ac fields parallel to and perpendicular to the c-axis.
Resonance raman studies of a c type algal cytochrome. Deuterium shifts and a comparison with mammalian cytochrome c.

SUMMARY A c type cytochrome isolated from Synechococcus lividus grown on water and 2H20 media, has been studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The spectra were taken on the oxidized and reduced protein with excitation within the Soret band at 441.6 nm to determine whether individual resonance Raman bands of the heme shift upon deuterium substitution and also to provide a comparison with the spectra of horse heart cytochrome c. Some of the shifts observed with the deuterated heme c are larger than the corresponding shifts in meso-deuterated metalloporphyrins suggesting mixing of peripheral substituent vibrations with the skeletal modes of the porphyrin macrocycle. The algal cytochrome exhibits resonance Raman spectra roughly similar to those of horse heart cytochrome c, consistent with its optical absorption spectra which is typical of c type cytochromes, although a detailed comparison reveals noteworthy differences between the spectra of the two proteins; this may be a reflection of the effect of non-methionine ligands and protein environment on the vibrations of the c type heme in the algal cytochrome.
Extensive surface diversity of a commensal microorganism by multiple DNA inversions

The dynamic interactions between a host and its intestinal microflora that lead to commensalism are unclear. Bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract do so despite the development of a specific immune response by the host. The mechanisms used by commensal organisms to circumvent this immune response have yet to be established. Here we demonstrate that the human colonic microorganism, Bacteroides fragilis, is able to modulate its surface antigenicity by producing at least eight distinct capsular polysaccharides-a number greater than any previously reported for a bacterium-and is able to regulate their expression in an on-off manner by the reversible inversion of DNA segments containing the promoters for their expression. This means of generating surface diversity allows the organism to exhibit a wide array of distinct surface polysaccharide combinations, and may have broad implications for how the predominant human colonic microorganisms, the Bacteroides species, maintain an ecological niche in the intestinal tract.
Collaborating for change: creating a Women's Health Network.

The definition of women’s health has broadened and the women’s health movement has gained significant momentum over the past 2 decades. Over that period of time, many women’s health organizations and advocacy groups have lobbied successfully for increased funding for women’s health research, and heightened awareness of gendered health issues such as breast cancer, osteoporosis, and reproductive health (Greenberger, 1999; Mosca et al., 2001; Norinsky, 1979), At the local level, however, women’s health services and resources are often fragmented, scarce, and poorly coordinated. As a result of these deficiencies, many women are underserved and their health needs go unmet. The 18 National Centers of Excellence in Women’s Health, established through funding from the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Office on Women’s Health (OWH), have demonstrated successful models of integrated health care delivery for women (Weisman & Squires, 2000). However, these clinical care centers are susceptible to changes in federal funding and singular institutional support (Collins, 2002). Recent published reports emphasize a greater need for interdisciplinary collaboration to strengthen the overarching women’s health agenda at the local and state levels, where policy relevant to
Mechanism for the electrooxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum by H2O. Density functional theory calculation

Abstract A recent theoretical study of the electrooxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum found a low energy pathway wherein CO(ads) and OH(ads) bond to form COOH(ads) which reacts with a second OH(ads) to yield CO2 and H2O(ads) [J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) E383]. In the present paper the B3LYP hybrid density functional theory is used to examine an alternative mechanism for COOH(ads) formation and its decomposition. It is found that the direct attack of CO(ads) by H2O to form, by electrooxidation, COOH(ads)+H+(aq) or by H2O(ads) to form COOH(ads)+H(ads) have respective activation energies of 1.7 eV at the calculated reversible potential (0.7 V on the hydrogen scale) or 1.2 eV. Both are higher than that obtained in the above-mentioned study. An activation energy of 0.7 eV calculated for the decomposition of COOH(ads) to CO2 and H(ads) is also greater than that obtained in the earlier study. From this, the reaction mechanism obtained in the earlier study is confirmed as the lowest energy pathway, and the alternative mechanisms explored in the present study are not the cause of the 0.3 V CO(ads) oxidation prewave in acid electrolytes. The over-all conclusion is that the electrode potential-dependent rate-limiting step is the oxidation of water to form the OH(ads) oxidant for CO(ads) removal and the prewave is likely to be due to the lower potentials of OH(ads) formation at step and defect sites where OH adsorption is stronger than on terraces.
Talent management best practices: How exemplary health care organizations create value in a down economy

Background: Difficult economic conditions and powerful workforce trends pose significant challenges to managing talent in health care organizations. Although robust research evidence supports the many benefits of maintaining a strong commitment to talent management practices despite these challenges, many organizations compound the problem by resorting to workforce reductions and limiting or eliminating investments in talent management. Purpose: This study examines how nationwide health care systems address these challenges through best practice talent management systems. Addressing important gaps in talent management theory and practice, this study develops a best practice model of talent management that is grounded in the contextual challenges facing health care practitioners. Methodology: Utilizing a qualitative case study that examined 15 nationwide health care systems, data were collected through semistructured interviews with 30 executives and document analysis of talent management program materials submitted by each organization. Findings: Exemplary health care organizations employ a multiphased talent management system composed of six sequential phases and associated success factors that drive effective implementation. Based on these findings, a model of talent management best practices in health care organizations is presented. Practice Implications: Health care practitioners may utilize the best practice model to assess and enhance their respective talent management systems by establishing the business case for talent management, defining, identifying, and developing high-potential leaders, carefully communicating high-potential designations, and evaluating talent management outcomes.
Assessment of relationship among measures of social competence and cognition in educable mentally retarded-emotionally disturbed students.

Summary.-The social competence and cognition of 26 black and one white mentally retarded-emotionally disturbed special education students from lower socioeconomic families were assessed. Deviant behavior, as measured by teachers, was negatively related to self-concept. Self-concept related positively to reading and arithmetic. Sociometric ratings by teachers, aides, and students relating to school work, behavior, and popularity were positively interrelated. Favorable sociometric ratings (completed by students) were positively related to deviant behavior (rated by teachers and aides). Favorable sociometric ratings were positively related to deviant behavior as rated by teachers but not aides. Also, the sociometric ratings for school work completed by teachers, aides, and students were positively related to the achievement test results. These cost- and time-efficient measures might be used advantageously for assessing and treating handicapped children.
Molecular Structure and Dynamics as Seen Through Rydberg States

Rydberg-fingerprint spectroscopy (RFS) is a powerful tool for the determination of structural and dynamical properties of molecules. We present applications of RFS to global structure characterization, ultrafast relaxation dynamics and charge transfer dynamics of amines.
Estrogenic regulation of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in platelets

Oral estrogen treatment increases thrombotic risk. Tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and platelet interaction with leukocytes are important determinants of thrombogenesis....
Cytoplasmic Domain of the 180-kD Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen, a Hemidesmosomal Component: Molecular and Cell Biologic Characterization

Using a serum sample of a bullous pemphigoid (BP) patient we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding a portion of a 180-kD polypeptide component of the hemidesmosome, the "BP180 autoantigen." The identity of the clone was confirmed by the generation of a fusion protein antibody that recognizes BP180 in both a basal epithelial cell extract of bovine tongue and extracts of human epidermal cells. Immunoelectron microscopy indicates that the 588-bp cDNA encodes a cytoplasmic fragment of BP180. Furthermore, the wide species reactivity of the fusion protein suggests that this portion of BP180 is highly conserved. In cultured human epidermal cells processed for confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, the fusion protein antibody generates a punctate cell substrate-associated staining pattern that is similar to that seen using BP230 antibodies. Using the original BP180 cDNA we have now isolated additional cDNA clones encoding approximately 1800bp of BP180 the 3' sequence of which overlaps with the sequence detailed in Guidice et al (J Clin Invest 87:734-738, 1991). Secondary structural analyses have been undertaken on the predicted amino acids encoded by the 1800bp. These suggest that the collagen-like sequences of BP180 described by Guidice et al (ibid.) are separated by a putative transmembrane region from the domain of BP180 recognized by our fusion protein antibody. Indeed, BP180 appears to belong to a relatively rare group of proteins in which the N-terminus is located in the cytoplasm and the C-terminus is extracellular. We detail some preliminary biochemical experiments in support of this hypothesis. We discuss possible functions of BP180 and BP230 in the hemidesmosome.
Memory in motion: Movement dynamics reveal memory strength

Recognition memory is typically examined as a discrete end-state, describable by static variables, such as accuracy, response time, and confidence. In the present study, we combined real-time mouse-tracking with subsequent, overt confidence estimates to examine the dynamic nature of memory decisions. By examining participants’ streaming x-, y- mouse coordinates during recognition decisions, we observed that movement trajectories revealed underlying response confidence. More confident decisions were associated with shorter decision times and more linear response trajectories. Less confident decisions were made slowly, with increased trajectory curvature. Statistical indices of curvature and decision times, including area-under-the-curve and time to maximum deviation, suggested that memory strength relates to response dynamics. Whether participants were correct or incorrect, old responses showed a stronger correspondence between mouse trajectories and confidence, relative to new responses. We suggest that people subjectively experience a correspondence between feelings of memory and feelings of confidence; that subjective experience reveals itself in real-time decision processes, as suggested by sequential sampling models of recognition decisions.
Can radiologists accurately predict preepiglottic space invasion with MR imaging

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether observers of MR imaging can accurately predict invasion of the preepiglottic fat (PEF) in patients with oropharyngeal and supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.For 41 patients with pathologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and supraglottic larynx, we retrospectively analyzed their MR images for the presence or absence of PEF neoplastic invasion. Unenhanced T1-weighted, fat-suppressed T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted scans were analyzed independently by two neuroradiologists who were unaware of the surgical findings. Proof of diagnosis was determined by pathologic analysis, intraoperative assessment, or both.Sixteen patients had neoplastic infiltration of the PEF. All infiltration was correctly predicted by the two observers of MR imaging, resulting in a sensitivity of 100%. Twenty-five patients had no invasion of the PEF by pathologic or surgical evaluation or both. Of these patients, negative fin...
The infrared spectra and studies of the structures of alkali acid salt complexes of α-methoxyphenylacetic acid

Abstract The syntheses of alkali hydrogen di-(α-methoxyphenylacetate)s of sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium are described. On the basis of infrared and X-ray unit-cell dimensional data, these molecular complexes are thought to have hexa-coordinate complex units. The complex units are held together by ionic bonding, but each unit is joined to two others by, in each case, a varying-in-type hydrogen bond. It is proposed that the materials have a sheet structure, analogous to other aryl-containing acid salts but different (from these others and each-to-each) in degree, type, and arrangement of the H-bonding and in the oxygen-to-metal ion bonding.
Decentralization and Polarization: Contradictory Trends in Hong Kong's Postcolonial Social Landscape

From an exploratory factor analysis of the 2001 Hong Kong census, it was found that after the political changeover, the underlying determinants of the social dimensions were education, ethnicity, age, occupation, housing, and household size characteristics, with education being the most important, reflecting a new division of labor that has created occupational polarization and income inequality. When compared with factor analyses of the 1971 and 1981 data, a high degree of continuity is present in the social landscape. However, cluster analysis based on these determinants revealed a significant spatial mixing of population with different demographic, social, and economic characteristics, so much so that the distinction between the traditional rural areas (the New Territories) and the traditional urban areas (Hong Kong Island and Kowloon) has become blurred. Nonetheless, a strong spatial polarization has also emerged. The driving force of this spatial integration and demographic/socioeconomic change was t...
An overview of reflux-associated disorders in infants: apnea, laryngospasm, and aspiration

Problematic airway responses in infants are common. Reflux-induced apnea affects nearly 1% of infants and involves airway closure or laryngospasm. Recurrent or chronic stridor, caused by dynamic or structural airway abnormalities, occurs in up to 1 in 100 babies. It can be difficult to distinguish microaspiration, which may represent inadequate airway protection mechanisms, from reflexive responses to esophageal refluxate, which may represent overeffective airway protection mechanisms. The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in babies can be facilitated by a careful history in conjunction with esophageal pH probe monitoring, laryngoscopic evaluation, bronchoalveolar lavage, or nuclear medicine scintigraphy. Conservative lifestyle measures for treating supraesophageal manifestations of infantile GER include prone positioning and thickened feedings. Prokinetic and acid-suppressing therapies are widely used, but their efficacy is incompletely established, and none is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for this purpose. Fundoplication is not indicated if nonsurgical management can prevent serious problems during the child's maturation phase when many of these manifestations spontaneously resolve. Much remains to be learned about the developmental aspects of these supraesophageal manifestations of GER. This information not only will provide a greater understanding of developmental pathophysiology, but also will improve the clinical care of large numbers of infants.
Central visual learning and illusory visual direction after backward head tilts

When the head is returned to upright after prolonged backward tilt, people who are asked to look straight ahead look higher than they did before the backward tilting. This has been interpreted in terms of hypotheses about central visual learning or by hypotheses about peripheral muscle physiology. According to the learning hypotheses, the illusion of visual direction that occurs after head tilts depends upon the presence of discordant cues about direction. In the present study, the illusion was the same with or without discordant information.
Institutional issues affecting the transport of hazardous materials in the united states: Anticipating strategic management needs

Abstract The transportation of hazardous materials occurs in the context of a complex and dynamic institutional environment. This environment is comprised of the attention and actions of a diverse cast of characters, ranging from the transport industry itself to self-appointed overseers of hazardous materials transport (HMT). In addition to concerns over protection of public health and the environment, institutional issues include discussions of the appropriate division of political authority and responsibility, trust in diverse political authorities, and financial liability and the provision of sufficient emergency response capabilities in the event of transport accidents. Changes in the institutional environment may be anticipated as the volume of HMT increases, as communications among institutional actors increase, and these actors become increasingly specialized and professionalized. Planning for such changes may profit from a consideration of alternative institutional management strategies emphasizing different degrees of openness among affected institutions.
Developing standards for PV packaging materials

The initial qualification standards for photovoltaic modules were designed to help develop a product that is safe, and able to survive reasonably long time periods when deployed in the field. To accomplish this, TC-82 of the International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC), developed and published module qualification standards (IEC 61215 for crystalline Si, IEC 61646 for thin films and IEC 62108 for concentrating modules) and a module safety standard (IEC 61730 -1 and 2). As PV has developed and the technology has become better understood, the properties of materials used in the module package play an increasingly important part in achieving long-term durability and safety. Certain basic properties are required of the materials in order for the modules to be safe and to be able to survive in the field for 25 years or more. Therefore Working Group 2 (Modules) of TC-82 began work to develop new material-level standards for PV that will utilize existing standards, whenever available, but tailored for characterizing the properties that are important for PV modules and modified to take into account the environmental conditions specific to PV applications. The goal is to provide a uniform approach to characterizing candidate materials, providing the necessary information to designers selecting materials for use in their PV products as well as to certification bodies assessing the quality and safety of the products made from these materials. This paper will describe the details of the effort underway to determine what PV material standards are necessary and the progress on developing those standards.
Possible inertia combinations in the Stein and Lyapunov equations

Abstract In the Stein (or, equivalently, the Lyapunov) equation, we show that the only joint constraints on the inertias of the three matrices are the classical definiteness and semidefiniteness constraints and a simple rank-related constraint.
Effect of crystallizing solvent on absorption rates of steroid implants

Many factors affecting the absorption rates of implanted solid drugs have been discussed in a recent report and review.1,2 One factor which has been Inadequately studied is that of the effect of crystallizing solvent on solid drug absorption rate. Shefter and Higuchi3 have shown large differences In the in vitro solution rates of drugs crystallized from different solvents. The purpose of this report was to study the in vivo absorption rate behavior of selected steroids and their solvates by the pellet implantation technique. This technique was selected because it is possible to make nearly quantitative comparisons of the absorption rates per unit area of different drugs and their solvates under comparable conditions.
The role of the Five Factor Model of personality with proactive coping and preventative coping among college students

Abstract Psychological researchers have long emphasized the need to identify dispositional aspects of coping (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989). Over the years a substantial amount of research has been conducted on the relationship between coping and personality. However, limited dispositional research has been conducted on two alternative approaches to coping: proactive coping and preventative coping (Schwarzer, 2001). Proactive coping and preventative coping deviate from traditional conceptualizations of coping because both are active, future oriented approaches to coping with stressors. Preventative coping remains in line with the traditional view of coping as an effort to minimize risk, whereas proactive coping is defined as challenge-focused and stressors are viewed as an opportunity for growth. The goal of the present study was to analyze the role of the Five Factor Model (FFM) with proactive and preventative coping. Participants (n = 251) completed a battery of questionnaires that included measures of personality and coping. Results indicated that all five personality traits were significantly correlated with proactive and preventative coping. Additionally, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience were predictive of both styles of coping, while Extraversion and Neuroticism were only predictive of proactive coping.
Detergent action of sodium taurocholate on rat gastric mucosa.

Rats were prepared with a vagotomized whole stomach pouch. The pouch was exposed to a solution of HCl and Na2SO4 (control) or HCl, Na2SO4 and sodium taurocholate (treatment) for 30 min. Transmural net fluxes of H+, Na+ and K+ were determined and the amount of phospholipid extracted from the mucosa was measured. Exposure of the mucosa to sodium taurocholate was associated with increased transmural ionic diffusion and increased recovery of phospholipid. It is possible that sodium taurocholate disrupts the gastric mucosal barrier through its detergent action on cell membranes.