cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Probable Interaction between Warfarin and the Antiretroviral TRIO Study Regimen

OBJECTIVE:To report a probable drug interaction between the antiretroviral TRIO regimen (ritonavir-boosted darunavir, etravirine, and raltegravir) and warfarin in an HIV-infected patient.CASE SUMMARY:In January 2010, a 50-year-old transgender female with HIV infection and recurrent deep vein thrombosis began treatment with the TRIO study regimen. Treatment had been maintained with warfarin for the past 5 years and emtricitabine monotherapy for the preceding 22 months. Emtricitabine was discontinued when the TRIO regimen was started. The mean weekly warfarin dose while the patient was receiving emtricitabine monotherapy was 13.3 mg (95% CI 12.7 to 13.8), with a mean international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.8 (95% CI 2.5 to 3.1). Following the initiation of the TRIO regimen, the mean weekly warfarin dose was increased to 19.3 mg (95% CI 18.5 to 20.1) and was maintained over the ensuing 71 weeks with a mean INR of 2.6 (95% CI 2.2 to 3.0).DISCUSSION:Information on the effect of newer antiretrovirals on warfa...
Short-Term Adaptation of Joint Position Sense Occurs during and after Sustained Vibration of Antagonistic Muscle Pairs.

Proprioception is critical for the control of many goal-directed activities of daily living. While contributions from skin and joint receptors exist, the muscle spindle is thought to play a critical role in allowing accurate judgments of limb position and movement to occur. The discharges elicited from muscle spindles can be degraded by simultaneous agonist-antagonist tendon vibration, causing proprioception to be distorted. Despite this, changes in limb perception that may result from sensory adaptation to this stimulus remain misunderstood. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate proprioceptive adaptation resulting from vibration of antagonistic muscle pairs. We measured elbow joint position sense in twenty healthy young adults while 80Hz vibration was applied simultaneously to the distal tendons of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles. Matching errors were analyzed during early and late adaptation phases to assess short-term adaption to the vibration stimuli. Participants committed significant undershoot errors during the early adaptation phase, but were comparable to baseline measurements during the late adaptation phase. When we removed the vibration stimuli and conducted a second joint position matching task, matching variability increased significantly and participants committed overshoot errors. These results bring into question the efficacy of simultaneous agonist-antagonist tendon vibration to degrade proprioceptive acuity.
Interval-Based Approach for Uncertainty Propagation in Inverse Problems

AbstractA new class of interval-based computational algorithms for parameter identification under uncertainty in structural engineering problems is presented. The iterative method allows passing directly from uncertain raw measurements to sharp (tight) bound estimates of the unknown parameters by exploiting interval FEMs and adjoint-based optimization techniques. Overestimation in interval width is handled successfully using the inclusion isotonicity property of interval arithmetic. First, an update of the iterative solution proceeds in a degenerated interval form until it becomes insignificant, and then the update is switched to full interval form, allowing uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis. A new containment-stopping criterion, which is intrinsic to intervals, is used. Example problems are then presented and discussed to show the effectiveness of the proposed inverse method in estimating the range of Young’s moduli from given ranges in displacements.
DEEP NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING OF THE ρ Oph CLOUD CORE: CLUES TO THE ORIGIN OF THE LOWEST-MASS BROWN DWARFS

A search for young substellar objects in the ρ Oph cloud core region has been made with the aid of multiband profile-fitting point-source photometry of the deep-integration Combined Calibration Scan images of the 2MASS extended mission in the J, H, and K_s bands, and Spitzer IRAC images at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm. The field of view of the combined observations was 1° × 9'.3, and the 5σ limiting magnitude at J was 20.5. Comparison of the observed spectral energy distributions with the predictions of the COND and DUSTY models, for an assumed age of 1 Myr, supports the identification of many of the sources with brown dwarfs and enables the estimation of effective temperature, T_(eff). The cluster members are then readily distinguishable from background stars by their locations on a plot of flux density versus T_(eff). The range of estimated T eff values extends down to ~750 K which, based on the COND model, would suggest the presence of objects of sub-Jupiter mass. The results also suggest that the mass function for the ρ Oph cloud resembles that of the σ Orionis cluster based on a recent study, with both rising steadily toward lower masses. The other main result from our study is the apparent presence of a progressive blueward skew in the distribution of J – H and H – K_s colors, such that the blue end of the range becomes increasingly bluer with increasing magnitude. We suggest that this behavior might be understood in terms of the "ejected stellar embryo" hypothesis, whereby some of the lowest-mass brown dwarfs could escape to locations close to the front edge of the cloud, and thereby be seen with less extinction.
Position of the Snake River watershed divide as an indicator of geodynamic processes in the greater Yellowstone region, western North America

Tectonic processes, fl exure due to crustal loading, and dynamic mantle fl ow each impart a unique imprint on topography and geomorphic responses over time scales of 104 to 10 6 yr. This paper explores the mobility of regional drainage divides as a key geomorphic metric that can distinguish between the various processes driving crustal deformation in the greater Yellowstone region of the northwestern United States. We propose a new analysis that quantifi es the differences between the location of the presentday drainage divide from divides synthetically generated from fi ltered topography to determine the relative impact of tectonic and dynamic mantle infl uences on landscape development. The greater Yellowstone region is an opportune location for this investigation because contrasting models have been proposed to explain the parabolic shape of elevated topography and active seismicity that outline the imprint of hypothesized hotspot activity. Drainage divides synthesized from topography fi ltered at 50, 100, and 150 km wavelengths within the greater Yellowstone region show that the locations of the actual and synthetic Snake River drainage divides are controlled by both dynamic and fl exural mechanisms in the eastern greater Yellowstone region, but by fl exural mechanisms only in the western greater Yellowstone region. The location of the actual divide deviates from its predicted position in the fi ltered topography where tectonic controls, such as active faults (e.g., Centennial and Teton faults), have uplifted large footwall blocks. Our results are consistent with the notion of a northeastward-propagating greater Yellow stone region topographic and seismic parabola, and suggest that Basin and Range extension follows from, rather than precedes, greater Yellowstone region dynamic topography. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that eastward migration of the Snake River drainage divide lags behind the continued northeastward propagation of high-standing topography associated with the Yellowstone geophysical anomaly by 1–2 m.y.
Einbindung externer IT-Dienstleister in automatisierte Prozesse

Unternehmen binden externe IT-Dienstleister ein, um Spezialwissen einzukaufen. Wahrend sie sich einerseits auf ihr Kerngeschaft konzentrieren, bringen sie sich andererseits aber auch in Abhangigkeit von IT-Dienstleistern. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird aus der Perspektive des IT-Managements betrachtet, inwiefern sich Beziehungenvon Unternehmen zu ihren externen IT-Dienstleistern durch den Einfluss neuer Technologien, wie eService-Choreografien oder semantischerAuszeichnungen, verandern werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Technologien die Industrialisierung von Dienstleistungsprozessen begunstigen: Sie ermoglichen automatisierte Prozessfuhrung und bieten neue Moglichkeiten der Arbeitsteilung, was zu einer weiteren Reduktion der Wertschopfungstiefe fuhrt. So erlauben diese Technologien das Auslagern sehr feingranularer Prozessaktionen an mehrere Dienstleister innerhalb desselben Prozesses, um Spezialwissen einzubinden, ohne Prozesswissen zu verlieren, und um durch Portfoliobildung die Abhangigkeit von einzelnen IT-Dienstleistern zu reduzieren. Die neuen Technologien haben damit das Potenzial, die Abhangigkeitsverhaltnisse umzukehren, sodass — ahnlich wie in der Automobilindustrie zu beobachten — die IT-Dienstleister immer starker von ihren Auftraggebern abhangig werden. Die derzeit entstehenden elektronischen Marktplatze fur eServices konnen die Markttransparenz erhohen und die beschriebene Entwicklung zusatzlich begunstigen.
Recognition and Treatment of Medical Emergencies in the Trauma Patient

L. A. Wibbenmeyer, MD University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Radiology, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA M. Sharafuddin, MD University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Radiology, 200 Hawkins Dr., 3957 JPP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA ist may occasionally be the only physician available to provide timely recognition and prompt, systematic treatment of life-threatening emergencies. Adequate treatment of these emergencies is essential for optimizing the care of the trauma patient. This chapter will discuss recognition and treatment of two common life-threatening emergencies that the interventional radiologist may be the first physician to encounter in the trauma patient. Definitive treatment will be presented for completeness and further study.
Highly-Integrated Low-Power WCDMA SiGe Transceiver for Mobile Terminals

Highly-integrated low-power WCDMA transceiver chipset for mobile terminals is presented. The transceiver integrates full functionality, including receiving and demodulating radio signals in a receiver chip; modulating and transmitting baseband signals in a transmitter chip and a synthesizer chip that integrates IF PLL and two RF PLLs. A noise figure of 4.9dB, in-band IIP3 of −16dBm and out-band IIP3 of −6dBm with a maximum gain of 94.5dB is achieved for the total receiver path. The transmitter provides a gain control range of 82dB and a gain control resolution of 1dB to satisfy the power control requirement of the WCDMA system with a margin for process variations. The measured error vector magnitude (EVM) of the transmitter at output power of 0dBm is 4.3%. Implemented using in 0.35um SiGe BiCMOS process, the receiver consumes 27.5mA, the transmitter consumes from 44mA to 88mA as the output power varies from −82dBm to 0dBm and the IF PLL and RF PLL in the synthesizer chip consumes 16mA and 14mA, respectively.
Heat sensitization of G1 and S phase cells by procaine HCl. II: Toxicity and probability of dividing following treatment.

Extended studies of the procaine sensitization of synchronous populations of CHO cells heated in monolayers were performed to help explain the mechanism for this sensitization. Cells were treated with 43·0, 45·5 and 43·0°C + procaine, clonal survival of cells was determined, and time-lapse cinematography was used to monitor the time-dependent morphological changes and division delay of the various populations for up to 72 h following treatment. Procaine sensitized Gi and S phase populations to killing by 43·0°C with thermal enhancement ratios of 7 4 ±0·5 and 7·9±11 (mean±SE), respectively. The division delays (39·2±3·5 h) of G1 cells exposed to 45·5 or 43·0°C ± procaine were longer than those (21·9 ± 2·3 h) of S phase cells treated to comparable surviving fractions (SF). In these experiments the SF of the Gi populations was 0·50 ± 0·17 versus 0 33 ± 008 for the S phase populations. G1 populations heated with 43·0°C alone (SF, 0·34 ± 0·05) had division delays of 19·4 ± 2·4 h. Colony formation correlated we...
A Preclinical Evaluation of Minnelide as a Therapeutic Agent Against Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies with an all-stage 5-year survival frequency of <5%, which highlights the urgent need for more effective therapeutic strategies. We have previously shown that triptolide, a diterpenoid, is effective against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo. However, triptolide is poorly soluble in water, limiting its clinical use. We therefore synthesized a water-soluble analog of triptolide, named Minnelide. The efficacy of Minnelide was tested both in vitro and in multiple independent yet complementary in vivo models of pancreatic cancer: an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer using human pancreatic cancer cell lines in athymic nude mice, a xenograft model where human pancreatic tumors were transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient mice, and a spontaneous pancreatic cancer mouse model (KRas(G12D); Trp53(R172H); Pdx-1Cre). In these multiple complementary models of pancreatic cancer, Minnelide was highly effective in reducing pancreatic tumor growth and spread, and improving survival. Together, our results suggest that Minnelide shows promise as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer, and support the evaluation of Minnelide in clinical trials against this deadly disease.
Expression of ErbB receptors during pancreatic islet development and regrowth

We have characterized expression of the ErbB receptor family and one of its ligands, heregulin, in an effort to identify molecules associated with pancreatic development and regeneration. In addition to studying expression during fetal pancreatic development, we have also studied expression during pancreatic regeneration in the interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)-transgenic mouse, which exhibits significant duct cell proliferation and new islet formation. These studies demonstrate significant expression of the ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 receptors, in addition to heregulin isoforms, in the developing murine fetal pancreas. We also report significant ductal expression of these proteins during IFNgamma-mediated pancreatic regeneration. This striking expression was absent in 1-week-old neonates, but was clearly visible in pups by 5 weeks of age. These data therefore indicate that ErbB receptor and ligand expression decline by birth in both the IFNbeta-transgenic and non-transgenic mice, and that expression resumes early in postnatal life in the IFNbeta-transgenic mice. The expression of ErbB receptor family members at sites of islet development and regrowth suggests that these molecules might be relevant to these processes.
Seedling establishment and life history trade-offs in alpine plants

Seedling establishment is central to population maintenance for nonclonal plant species. Plants with low recruitment rates are expected to have high survival rates, and life history theory indicates there should be a single curve for the trade-off between recruitment and mortality that applies to most or all plant species. Alpine perennials are thought to have extraordinarily low recruitment rates because of the harsh environment, but the importance of recruitment in the life history of these plants is unknown. Two alpine cushion plant species, Minuartia obtusiloba and Paronychia pulvinata, were used to (1) determine the role of recruitment in population maintenance and (2) determine whether the fecundity/mortality trade-off for these alpine plants falls on or off of the curve for other perennial plant species. Using size-based population projection matrices, we determined that the life history of Minuartia and Paronychia emphasizes recruitment less than that of any other nonclonal species in a literature survey. Estimated maximum life spans of these two species are 200 and 324 yr, respectively, and a regression with other perennial species from the literature indicated that the relationship between fecundity and mortality in these alpine species is consistent with the predicted trade-off curve for perennial species from other environments.
Born of the Poor: The Latin American Church Since Medellin

Born of the Poor: The Latin American Church Since Medellin. Edward L. Cleary. O.P. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990. 200 pp., notes, index. $23.95 (cloth). ISBN 0-268-00683-0.
Electrophoretic and Chromatographic Changes in Egg Yolk Proteins Due to Heat

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography were used to observe changes in egg yolk products which were heat treated at 3°C intervals from 54 to 84°C for 3.5 min. The USDA pasteurization temperatures of 61.0, 63.3°C for plain, 10% sugared, and 10% salted egg yolk, respectively, had little effect on their electrophoretograms. Only the γ-livetins in plain yolk were slightly affected. Higher temperatures progressively altered these proteins until they disappeared from the electrophoretograms from plain yolk ca 73°, sugared yolk ca 76°, and salted yolk ca 79°C. The lipovitellin fraction and phosvitins were similarly affected by increasing temperatures. Sugar and salt at 10% levels had a protective effect against heat, allowing respectively ca 3° and 6°C higher temperatures before heat damage occurred. The chromatograms from plain and sugared yolk were little affected by pasteurization. However, major changes were noted between unheated and pasteurized (63.3°C) salted yolk. Patterns for salted yolk, pasteurized at 63.3 and 68.0°C were similar, which further indicated that this product can be pasteurized at 68.0°C without significant damage.
Cost‐effectiveness of motivational intervention with significant others for patients with alcohol misuse

Aims To estimate the incremental cost, cost-effectiveness and benefit–cost ratio of incorporating a significant other (SO) into motivational intervention for alcohol misuse. Design We obtained economic data from the one year with the intervention in full operation for patients in a recent randomized trial. Setting The underlying trial took place at a major urban hospital in the United States. Participants The trial randomized 406 (68.7% male) eligible hazardous drinkers (196 during the economic study) admitted to the emergency department or trauma unit. Intervention The motivational interview condition consisted of one in-person session featuring personalized normative feedback. The significant other motivational interview condition comprised one joint session with the participant and SO in which the SO's perspective and support were elicited. Measurements We ascertained activities across 445 representative time segments through work sampling (including staff idle time), calculated the incremental cost in per patient of incorporating an SO, expressed the results in 2014 US$, incorporated quality and mortality effects from a closely related trial and derived the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Findings From a health system perspective, the incremental cost per patient of adding an SO was $341.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) = $244.44–437.74]. The incremental cost per year per hazardous drinker averted was $3623 (CI = $1777–22 709), the cost per QALY gained $32 200 (CI = $15 800–201 700), and the benefit–cost ratio was 4.73 (95% CI = 0.7–9.66). If adding an SO into the intervention strategy were concentrated during the hours with highest risk or in a trauma unit, it would become even more cost-beneficial. Conclusions Using criteria established by the World Health Organization (cost-effectiveness below the country's gross domestic product per capita), incorporating a significant other into a patient's motivational intervention for alcohol misuse is highly cost-effective.
Applications of electro-optic and laser technology to fluorescence microscopy

A confocal attachment (Odyssey) to an inverted microscope was modified to better study living cultured epithelial cells stained with fluorescent dyes. Improvements to the instrument included elimination of light leaks, improved electronic shielding, reduction of thermal effects and use of low dark current detectors. In addition, rapid changes in illumination wavelength and power were accomplished by replacing the original mechanical filter changer by an acousto-optic tunable filter attached to the argon laser light source. The addition of a liquid crystal tunable filter to one of the two photomultiplier detectors also permitted rapid spectral scanning of the fluorescence emission. High resolution, differential interference contrast transmitted light images were formed simultaneously by replacement of the photodiode-based transmitted light detector with a photomultiplier tube and dichroic mirror assembly. An illumination intensity of only 40 μW/cm2 at the back focal plane of the microscope objective allowed high quality fluorescence and transmitted light images of living cells at video rates with minimal bleaching and photodynamic damage. Both excitation ratio imaging and emission spectral scanning of living epithelial cells were accomplished. The system performance was evaluated by optical sections of fluorescent beads and thin films.
Vernacular Resistance to Data Collection and Analysis: A Political Theory

Computer-enabled data collection, aggregation, and mining dramatically change the nature of contemporary surveillance. Refusal is not a practical option, as data collection is an inherent condition of many essential societal transactions. We present one vernacular response to this regime of everyday surveillance, a tactic we call obfuscation. With a variety of possible motivations, actors engage in obfuscation by producing misleading, false, or ambiguous data with the intention of confusing an adversary or simply adding to the time or cost of separating bad data from good. Our paper develops a political philosophy of obfuscation, linking contemporary and historical cases to develop a descriptive account of obfuscation that is able to capture key commonalities in systems from radar chaff to BitTorrent.
Optical Enhancement in Heteroleptic Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Using Electron-Donor Ancillary Ligands

Organic dyes are a viable alternative to silicon for energy conversion. Using simulations from first-principles, we show that chemical manipulation is a powerful tool for tuning the optical absorption spectra of a special class of dyes in a way that is convenient for exploitation in dye-sensitized solar cells. Specifically, we have carried out density functional theory calculations on three Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with electron-donor ancillary ligands. These complexes were recently developed to study how different electron-donor ancillary ligands affect the photophysical and electrochemical properties of these dyes for light harvesting and photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. We found that the electron-donor ancillary ligands significantly enhance the light harvesting in the visible and the near-infrared regions relative to the reference dye N3. Furthermore, we detected a decrease in the ionization potential, which improves the energy alignment with the redox potentials of the electrolyte. These...
Neurologic Complications of Smallpox Vaccination

Smallpox and smallpox vaccination is reviewed from the Departments of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.
Bilan des démarrages des tranches nucléaires PWR 900 MW

A la fin de l'annee 1981, 15 tranches PWR 900 MWe auront ete couplees au reseau. L'auteur dresse un premier bilan de ces demarrages, rappelant a cette occasion quel est le programme d'essais d'un reacteur PWR et presentant l'organisation mise en place par Framatome pour en assurer 'execution. Il decrit ensuite les difficultes et les principaux incidents survenus lors de ces mises en service.
Metamorphic materials for quantum computing

Quantum information and computing are at the forefront of computer science, but their implementation relies on significant developments in materials science. In particular, suitable, lattice-matched substrates for two promising approaches—electrostatically defined quantum dots in Si/SiGe heterostructures, and superconducting circuits containing Josephson junctions—do not exist. Instead, these approaches rely on metamorphic substrates. In this article, we focus on the general structure and requirements of SiGe quantum dot heterostructures, the demands they impose on the underlying substrate, and the impact that properties of the metamorphic substrate have on device performance. Superconductor Josephson junction materials are briefly discussed in a similar fashion, and opportunities for future developments in both systems are described.
Research of Bending Process for Sheet Metal with NC

Based on the machine of sheet metal bending with NC(numerical control)in the design of the bending process, the selection of the bending machine and bending mold and the influence to bending precision have been elaborated in detail.Providing a reference for the further research of sheet material bending process with NC.
Rural drinking water safety of zhumadian in 2012-2013 Concentrated water supply project microbial water quality monitoring results

Objective To master the rural drinking water safety project water quality health status and trends, assess the effect of preventing water, provided the scientific basis for the government. Methods According to the standard test methods for domestic and drinking water(GB5750-2006 / T), Two years were collected concentrated water supply project for rural drinking water safety water quality testing 297 at point, 1 188, 2 376 water samples. Results Detected water samples from 2 376 in 2012-2013, 1 563, qualified rate 65.78 %, the qualified rate is higher in 2013 than in 2012,the plentiful during qualification rate is higher than dry season. Conclusions The rural drinking water safety of zhumadian centralized water supply water quality in 2013 than in 2012 has greatly improved, but the total qualified rate is still low, should guarantee disinfection measures to ensure water quality qualified safety.
Health Status of Residents in Wuhou District,Chengdu

Objective To survey the health status of the residents in Wuhou Districts and provide scientific reference for the development of corresponding policies and measures.Methods A total of 6 859 residents were recruited randomly in the household questionnaire survey.Results The two-week prevalence rate was 137.5‰.The major diseases were hypertension and diabetes mellitus.The prevalence of NCDs,hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 17.1%,10.07% and 3.21%,respectively.Conclusion The major diseases which influence resident's health was NCDs,i.e.hypertension and diabetes mellitus.The proportion of elderly people in Wuhou District was high,their health can not be neglected.
Ideology and Political Socialization

No element of Soviet political life has preoccupied Western observers as much as communist ideology. Children in the West learn to value democracy and to renounce communism even before they understand the meaning of those complex concepts. Western television-news reports of parades from Red Square show banners devoted to Lenin and Marx, and viewers conclude that ideology in the USSR is ubiquitous. Westerners assume that Marxist ideology is used to “brainwash” Russian citizens, keeping them under control and encouraging them to support the regime. In addition, the West tends to view Soviet ideology either as a body of mistaken and dogmatic creeds or as crude rationalizations used to legitimize the self-interested actions of the political leadership. Westerners contrast this picture with their own society, which they generally consider to be free of ideology.
Physikalische Medizin bei chronisch entzündlichen rheumatischen Erkrankungen

Polyarthritiden und Spondylarthritiden sind die haufigsten chronisch entzundlichen rheumatischen Erkrankungen, die zu Einschrankungen der Aktivitat und der Partizipation am taglichen Leben gemas der International Classification of Functioning (ICF) fuhren. Der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) und der Spondylitis ankylosans (SA) kommt hierbei die groste klinische Bedeutung zu. In multimodalen Behandlungskonzepten spielen neben Medikamenten auch physikalische Therapien eine wesentliche Rolle.
Hypothyroidism Inhibits the Rapid Response of mRNA-S14 to Carbohydrate Feeding

The hormonal and metabolic regulation of hepatic lipogenic enzymes has been under intense investigation for a number of years. These enzymes, and their respective mRNAs, are influenced both by thyroid hormone, as well as those hormones and compounds involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates (1–4). We have recently demonstrated a synergistic relationship between T3 and carbohydrates in the regulation of several of these enzymes (5), and have used translational assays to demonstrate that this interaction is reflected by the activity of the specific mRNA coding for the enzyme (6–8).
Cardiac Device Implant Skin Closure with a Novel Adjustable, Coaptive Tape-Based Device.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare a unique zip-type adjustable coaptive tape-based skin closure device to traditional subcuticular sutures in three domains: time, cosmesis, and wound closure-related outcomes in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures. METHODS A total of 40 patients were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial to assess time to wound closure, as well as cosmesis and wound closure-related outcomes. RESULTS The adjustable coaptive tape-based skin closure device had shorter overall closure time (78 ± 6.6 seconds vs 216 ± 21.5 seconds; P < 0.001) and mean closure time per centimeter (18.0 ± 2.0 s/cm vs 50.1 ± 6.7 s/cm; P < 0.001) versus sutures, with less intersurgeon and interpatient variability with the use of adjustable coaptive device versus sutures (P < 0.001). There was no difference between groups in postoperative pain or scar cosmesis during the follow-up period. Neither group had any closure-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The adjustable coaptive tape-based skin closure device demonstrated shorter closure times with less variability when compared to sutures. It is a safe and acceptable alternative to sutures for skin closure following CIED implantation.
How to treat GUI Options in IT Technical Texts for Authoring and Machine Translation

This paper focuses on one aspect of controlled authoring in a localization and Machine-Translation context: the treatment of GUI options, which abound in the procedural sections of IT technical documentation. GUI options are technical terms that refer to the Software User Interface. The length and complexity of GUI options is a major problem for numerous NLP tasks, including MT. GUI options which have not been identified by NLP applications typically lead to erroneous analyses of sentences. However, few authors have focused on the identification and tagging of GUI options in IT documentation. This paper delineates an approach based on a controlled language checker that benefits both the human authoring process and Machine Translation. This article is made available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
The Theory of Aberrations

The operation of axially symmetric electron and ion lenses is based o n the paraxial (first-order) theory. In practice, however, the trajectories always have both finite displacements r and finite slopes r’ with respect to the axis. Even if they are small, the omission of the higher-degree terms in the series expansions leading to the paraxial ray equation causes some error. Therefore, the paraxial theory is always an approximation. In fact, a point object will be “imaged” not by a conjugate point but by a blurred spot produced by different rays with different slopes that converge at different image points. These rays intersect the Gaussian (paraxial) image plane at different points; therefore the “image” is not a point but a finite-size spot, which can have quite an irregular shape. This phenomenon is called the geometrical aberration. W e have already seen an example of this effect in Section 2–7–2–1 when we analyzed the operation of the long magnetic lens. We established the fact that a clear image can only be produced if the particles move close to the field lines. Otherwise, different particles will be focused at different points and the image will be blurred.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY: Illustration of Principles

The magnitude of the problem of neurodevelopmental disorders is enormous. Frequently, the mechanism of injury is unknown. In this article, several common developmental neurotoxins are discussed, and the function of one cell adhesion molecule, L1, will be reviewed to illustrate the principles of developmental neurotoxicology. L1 is critical for proper central nervous system development. Similarities between patients with fetal alcohol syndrome and with L1 mutations suggest that the mechanism of developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol is partly due to effects on L1 cell adhesion molecule.
Theory of Spin Torque Switching Current for the Double Magnetic Tunnel Junction

A single-domain model for spin-transfer torque switching of double magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicularly magnetized layers is developed. An analytical formula is derived for the switching current threshold, I c0 . Surprisingly, the model predicts that the switching current can be reduced by a factor of 10 compared to single magnetic tunnel junctions, for sufficiently large spin-polarizations. This effect is explained in terms of the “enhanced antiparallel-to-parallel” spin torque, familiar from single magnetic tunnel junctions.
A novel strategy to enhance the English reading aptitude of young multilingual professionals in the petroleum industry

Abstract The scientific community is currently experiencing an unprecedented level of growth in research output, with increasing numbers of multilingual professionals reading and publishing papers in English-language journals. Thus, improving the understanding of papers published in English has become an important issue for nonnative speakers, especially with regard to technical reading and critical understanding. This article presents a novel strategy to enhance the reading aptitude of young petroleum-industry professionals for whom English is a secondary language. My “schedule, preview, question, realize” (SPQR) methodology introduces a four-step process to systematically build a solid foundation to help young professionals fully understand scientific papers and improve their own writing. Study examples are provided to aid readers in fully comprehending this process and building on these study examples to match their needs. The SPQR approach should benefit anyone reading outside his or her principal lan...
Unsupervised machine learning account of magnetic transitions in the Hubbard model

We employ several unsupervised machine learning techniques, including autoencoders, random trees embedding, and t-distributed stochastic neighboring ensemble (t-SNE), to reduce the dimensionality of, and therefore classify, raw (auxiliary) spin configurations generated, through Monte Carlo simulations of small clusters, for the Ising and Fermi-Hubbard models at finite temperatures. Results from a convolutional autoencoder for the three-dimensional Ising model can be shown to produce the magnetization and the susceptibility as a function of temperature with a high degree of accuracy. Quantum fluctuations distort this picture and prevent us from making such connections between the output of the autoencoder and physical observables for the Hubbard model. However, we are able to define an indicator based on the output of the t-SNE algorithm that shows a near perfect agreement with the antiferromagnetic structure factor of the model in two and three spatial dimensions in the weak-coupling regime. t-SNE also predicts a transition to the canted antiferromagnetic phase for the three-dimensional model when a strong magnetic field is present. We show that these techniques cannot be expected to work away from half filling when the "sign problem" in quantum Monte Carlo simulations is present.
Predicting taxi pickups in cities: which data sources should we use?

In this paper we use machine learning to evaluate the predictability of taxi pickups in New York City's busiest neighborhoods using data available from the Taxi and Limousine Commission and from Twitter. We found that these pickups can be accurately forecast, and we show which features work well for forecasts, including geotagged Twitter posts in some cases.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the attribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in neuroendocrine cancers of the cervix

Abstract Background There remains uncertainty about the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in causing small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC) of the cervix. To clarify the role of HPV in the development of SCNC and LCNC, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched to initially identify 143 articles published on or before June 1, 2017. Studies were limited to methods that tested for HPV in the cancer tissue directly to minimize misattribution. Thirty-two studies with 403 SCNC and 9 studies of 45 LCNC were included in the analysis. Results For SCNC, 85% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]=71%–94%) were HPV positive, 78% (95%CI=64%–90%) were HPV16 and/or HPV18 positive, 51% (95%CI=39%–64%) were singly HPV18 positive, and 10% (95%CI=4%–19%) were singly HPV16 positive. In a subset of 5 SCNC studies (75 cases), 93% were positive for p16 INK4a by immunohistochemistry and 100% were HPV positive. For LCNC, 88% (95%CI=72%–99%) were HPV positive, 86% (95%CI=70%–98%) were positive for HPV16 or HPV18, 30% were singly HPV18 positive (95%CI=4%–60%), and 29% (95%CI=2%–64%) were singly HPV16 positive. Conclusions In conclusion, most SCNC and LCNC are caused by HPV, primarily HPV18 and HPV16. Therefore, most if not all SCNC and LCNC will be prevented by currently available prophylactic HPV vaccines.
Insights for Critical Alarm-Based Warning Systems from a Risk Analysis of Commercial Aviation Passenger Screening

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) recently commissioned a risk analysis of the passenger threat vector in which an adversary gains access through the screening checkpoint. The goal of the project was to provide insights to the TSA to improve both safety and resource allocation as they continue to develop new security procedures in a constantly evolving threat environment. The result was a probabilistic risk model to support the TSA as they plan future safety and resource allocations procedures. Because aviation passenger screening involves highly sensitive information, we discuss the insights gained from the study that are applicable for other highly critical security systems that rely on alarm-based warning technologies to detect anomalies.
The Professional Responsibility Model of Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology

The professional responsibility model of ethics in obstetrics and gynecology should guide decision-making and behavior in clinical practice, research, and education. The model is based on the ethical concept of medicine as a profession, introduced into the histories of medicine and medical ethics by the Scottish physician-ethicist, John Gregory (1724–1773), and the English physician-ethicist, Thomas Percival (1740–1804). They showed that, to be a professional in the ethically significant sense of the word, physicians should commit themselves to scientific and clinical excellence and to the protection of the patient’s health-related interest, keeping self-interest systematically secondary. To fulfill these commitments, physicians should cultivate the professional virtues of integrity, compassion, and self-sacrifice and conform clinical practice to the ethical principles of beneficence and self-sacrifice. The professional responsibility model uses these ethical concepts to create an account of the obstetrician-gynecologist’s ethical obligations to pregnant, fetal, and neonatal patients. The implications of virtue-based, beneficence-based, and autonomy-based obligations to patients must be all considered to reach deliberative judgments about professionally responsible patient care, research, and education.
Targeting primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is estimated to affect 35 million people worldwide. Hallmarks of the disease are a loss of salivary and lacrimal gland function as well as lymphocytic infiltration, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and circulating autoantibodies. Patients often experience significant fatigue and a decrease in their quality of life. Approximately 30-50% of pSS patients develop extra-glandular manifestations including malignant lymphoma. Although therapeutic approaches for pSS target both dryness and systemic manifestations, effective treatments are limited. However, new therapies targeting specific immune pathways associated with pSS are being developed. This review describes current and future targeted therapies against pSS.
SAMPLE OXIDATION FOR LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING: A REVIEW

The liquid scintillation spectrometer is a versatile instrument for the measurement and analysis of low-energy beta emitters, especially hydrogen-3 (tritium) and carbon-14. On the other hand, biological materials as well as environmental samples are most difficult to prepare as true solutions for liquid scintillation counting and present unique problems in sample preparation. To overcome problems of sample solubility, quenching, and chemiluminescence, a more universal preparation technique can be achieved if the sample is burned at red heat in an atmosphere of oxygen and the carbon and hydrogen converted into carbon dioxide and water and quantitatively dissolved in a scintillator to produce an unquenched sample. A number of methods of oxidizing samples for liquid scintillation counting are discussed. Experimental studies using carbon-14 and tritium are presented and potential application to biological and environmental problems are considered.
Integrating the clinical and engineering aspects of closed-loop control: the Virginia experience

Abstract To be ultimately established and accepted as a viable treatment of diabetes, artificial pancreas (AP) systems need to prove their safety and efficacy in large clinical trials in patient's natural environment. Here, we follow the 10-year evolution of one system, the UVA AP, through inpatient studies, short-term outpatient feasibility trials, and long-term free-living safety tests. To date, this system has logged at least 15,000 days of outpatient use by more than 450 people with type 1 diabetes. Many studies were multicenter, including research sites in the U.S., Europe, Israel, and Argentina. The same control algorithm was used with four sensors (Dexcom SEVEN, G4, G5, G6), two insulin pumps (Roche, Tandem), Mobile AP based on a smart phone (TypeZero's inControl) and was built in an insulin pump (t:slim X2 with Control-IQ). The algorithm has three distinct features: (i) dedicated safety module preventing hypoglycaemia; (ii) fully automated correction boluses, and (iii) gradually intensified control overnight to achieve near normoglycaemia at wakeup. Virtually, all trials included in this review used sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy as a control group. Despite hardware differences, the control performance remained stable and effective across studies and system configurations. Overall, the AP was superior to SAP in terms of frequency of CGM readings below 70 mg / dl (1.4% vs. 3.4%) and time within the target range of 70 – 180 mg / dl (75% vs. 67%). These differences were particularly prominent overnight. Aggregate data from 10 years of research driven by the integration of engineering and clinical efforts support the use of the UVA AP system in large-scale clinical trials aiming regulatory acceptance of this system.
Pediatric testicular torsion: does patient transfer affect time to intervention or surgical outcomes at a rural tertiary care center?

Testicular torsion (TT) is a urologic emergency that requires prompt surgical intervention. In rural Appalachia, patients are often transferred from surrounding communities due to lack of urologic care. We hypothesized that those transferred would have delayed intervention and higher rates of orchiectomy when compared to those who presented directly to our hospital. We performed a retrospective review of patient charts with an ICD-9 diagnosis of TT from 2008 to 2016. Patients met inclusion criteria if diagnosis was confirmed by operative exploration. We compared rate of testicular loss and time until surgical intervention between groups. Twenty-three patients met inclusion criteria (12 transferred, 11 direct). Patient demographics did not significantly differ between groups. Transferred patients had a higher orchiectomy rate (33% v 22%,p = 0.41) although this was not statistically significant. Time to surgery from symptom onset was significantly longer in those transferred (12.9 h) compared to those not transferred (6.9 h, p = 0.02). Distance of transfer was not correlated with time of delay (r2 = 0.063). Transferred patients with TT have numerically higher rates of orchiectomy which may reach significance in an appropriately powered study, and relative delays in surgical intervention. This study highlights the need for improved access to urologic care in rural areas.
Regulation of hippocampal dendritic spines following sleep deprivation

Accumulating evidence supports the role of sleep in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. One line of investigation, the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, has emphasized the increase in synaptic strength during waking, and compensatory downsizing of (presumably less frequently used) synapses during sleep. Conversely, other studies have reported downsizing and loss of dendritic spines following sleep deprivation. We wanted to determine the effect of sleep deprivation on dendritic spines of hippocampal CA1 neurons using genetic methods for fluorescent labeling of dendritic spines. Male Vglut2-Cre mice were injected with an AAV-DIO-ChR2-mCherry reporter in CA1 hippocampus. Gentle handling was used to sleep deprive mice for 5 hr, from lights on (7 am) to 12 noon. Control and sleep-deprived mice were euthanized at 12 noon and processed for quantification of dendritic spines. We used confocal microscope imaging and three-dimensional (3D) analysis to quantify thin, mushroom, and stubby spines from CA1 dendrites, distinguishing between branch segments. We observed significantly greater density of spines in CA1 of sleep-deprived mice, driven primarily by greater numbers of thin spines, and significantly larger spine volume and head diameter. Branch and region-specific analysis revealed that spine volume was greater in primary dendrites of apical and basal segments, along with proximal segments on both apical and basal dendrites, and spine density was increased in secondary branches and distal segments on apical dendrites following sleep deprivation. Our 3D quantification suggests sleep contributes to region- and branch-specific synaptic downscaling in the hippocampus, supporting the theory of broad but selective synaptic downscaling during sleep.