cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Label‐free in situ pH monitoring in a single living cell using an optical nanoprobe

Intracellular pH plays critical roles in cell and tissue functions during processes such as metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, ion transportation, endocytosis, muscle contraction and so on. It is thus an important biomarker that can readily be used to monitor the physiological status of a cell. Thus, disrupted intracellular pH may serve as an early indicator of cell dysfunction and deterioration. Various methods have been developed to detect cellular pH, such as pH-sensitive labeling reagents with fluorescent or Raman signals. However, excessive cellular uptake of these reagents will not only disrupt cell viability but also compromise effective long-term monitoring. Here, we present a novel fiber-optic fluorescent nanoprobe with a high spatial resolution for label-free, subcellular pH sensing. The probe has a fast response time (~20 seconds) with minimum invasiveness and excellent pH resolution (0.02 pH units) within a biologically relevant pH environment ranging from 6.17 to 8.11. Its applicability was demonstrated on cultured A549 lung cancer cells, and its efficacy was further testified in two typical cytotoxic cases using carbonylcyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazine, titanium dioxide, and nanoparticles. The probe can readily detect the pH variations among cells under toxin/nanoparticles administration, enabling direct monitoring of the early onset of physiological or pathological events with high spatiotemporal resolution. This platform has excellent promise as a minimum invasive diagnostic tool for pH-related cellular mechanism studies, such as inflammation, cytotoxicity, drug resistance, carcinogenesis, stem cell differentiation and so on.
Facile CO2 separation and subsequent H2 production via chemical-looping combustion over ceria–zirconia solid solutions

A novel chemical-looping combustion scheme is proposed, where facile gas separation via steam condensation enables the production of sequestrable CO2 from alkanes, such as CH4, and pure H2 from H2O. This cycle consists of two steps, namely, (1) the endothermic reduction of a ceria-based solid solution via the complete oxidation of CH4, followed by (2) the exothermic oxidation of the reduced metal oxide via H2O splitting. Relative to iron oxide-based materials and undoped ceria, ceria–zirconia solid solutions possess favorable partial molar enthalpic and entropic properties; this promotes selective production of complete combustion products, H2O and CO2, during the reforming reaction. Thermodynamic predictions suggest that the complete oxidation of CH4 is possible by increasing the Zr content to 20 mol%, operating below 600 °C, increasing total pressure, or reducing the amount of delivered reactant. Furthermore, any H2, CO, or unreacted CH4 that may persist is thermodynamically favored to oxidize if exposed to unreacted oxide downstream, as is typical for a packed-bed or downer reactor configuration. Experiments were performed to validate the thermodynamic trends using isothermal thermogravimetry coupled with residual gas analysis, which confirmed that high selectivity towards H2O and CO2 is attainable for methane-driven reduction of Ce0.9Zr0.1O2; selectivities greater than 0.70 were observed at initial reaction extents. Importantly, metal oxide oxidation via H2O splitting and selective production of H2 (or CO if CO2 is the delivered oxidant) is also thermodynamically favored at the operating conditions considered for the first step. This work ultimately presents a viable avenue for the carbon-neutral conversion of CH4 (or other alkanes) to H2 if a renewable energy resource, such as solar energy, is leveraged to supply process heat.
Cabozantinib (cabo) combined with durvalumab (durva) in gastroesophageal (GE) cancer and other gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies: Preliminary phase Ib CAMILLA study results.

4563Background: Cabo targets multiple tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR, MET, and AXL, and has been reported to show immunomodulatory properties that may counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression,...
Bikesharing, equity, and disadvantaged communities: A case study in Chicago

Abstract Bikeshare systems are rapidly becoming more prevalent in metro and micropolitan areas around the world. However, low-income populations, people of color, and transit-dependent households are not highly representative of the bikeshare user’s profile. Some bikeshare programs in the United States, such as Divvy in Chicago, try to address this equity problem by promoting their systems among low-income communities. Currently, there is limited research estimating bikeshare ridership in these communities and quantitatively analyzing the impacts of financial barriers in disadvantaged areas at the station level. This research fills this gap by analyzing the current utilization of bikeshare systems among disadvantaged populations. The study develops a Negative Binomial regression model to estimate bikeshare ridership using data from Chicago’s bikeshare system. The results show that bikeshare stations in disadvantaged communities generate around two-thirds of the average annual trips across all stations. The employment rate plays an important role in increasing bikeshare ridership, especially for disadvantaged areas. Additionally, the research found that the proportion of trips by annual members is significantly lower in disadvantaged communities than in other areas. However, interestingly, residents in disadvantaged communities tend to make longer bikeshare trips once they are annual members. Their dependence on bikeshare systems may result from accessibility improvement (e.g., work commute by bikeshare). Based on all the findings, we discuss planning implications for more socially inclusive and equitable bikeshare systems.
Interaction of Forced Oscillation With Multiple System Modes

Forced oscillations in power systems can lead to disruptive large oscillations across the grid when resonating with inter-area system modes. This letter proposes a rigorous method for estimating the overall impact of a forced oscillation when the forced oscillation frequency is close to the frequencies of multiple system modes. Apart from providing analytical insight, the method is shown to be useful in offline analysis of forced oscillations in large-scale power system models and in measurement-based analysis.
A Review of Telepsychology and Mental Health MobileApps in Advanced Countries: Opportunities for Ghana’sMental Health Care

September 2015, 194 countries adopted the sustainable development goals spearheaded by the United Nations...
Evaluating multiple historical climate products in ecological models under current and projected temperatures.

Gridded historical climate products (GHCPs) are employed with increasing frequency when modeling ecological phenomena across large scales and predicting ecological responses to projected climate changes. Concurrently, there is an increasing acknowledgement of the need to account for uncertainty when employing climate projections from ensembles of global circulation models (GCMs) and emissions scenarios. Despite the growing usage and documented differences among GHCPs, uncertainty characterization has primarily focused on GCM and emissions scenario choice, while the consequences of using a single GHCP to make predictions over space and time have received less attention. Here we employ average July temperature data from observations and seven GHCPs to model plant canopy cover and tree basal area across central Alaska, USA. We first compare the fit of, and support for, models employing observed temperatures, GHCP temperatures, and GHCP temperatures with an elevation adjustment, finding (1) greater support for, and better fit using, elevation-adjusted vs. raw temperature models and (2) overall similar fits of elevation-adjusted models employing temperatures from observations or GHCPs. Focusing on basal area, we next compare predictions generated by elevation-adjusted models employing GHCP data under current conditions and a warming scenario of current temperatures plus 2°C, finding good agreement among GHCPs though with between-GHCP differences and variation primarily at middle elevations (~1,000 m). These differences were amplified under the warming scenario. Finally, using pooled indices of prediction variation and difference across GHCP models, we identify characteristics of areas most likely to exhibit prediction uncertainty under current and warming conditions. Despite (1) overall good performance of GHCP data relative to observations in models and (2) positive correlation among model predictions, variation in predictions across models, particularly in mid-elevation areas where the position of treeline may be changing, suggests researchers should exercise caution if selecting a single GHCP for use in models. We recommend the use of multiple GHCPs to provide additional uncertainty information beyond standard estimated prediction intervals, particularly when model predictions are employed in conservation planning.
Surgical aortic valve replacement in the setting of anomalous circumflex coronary artery

Abstract Background The anomalous circumflex coronary artery (ACCA) from the right coronary artery or sinus of Valsalva lies in proximity to the aortic valve annulus. This study sought to determine the prevalence of injury to the ACCA during surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Methods We queried the databases of the Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Diseases of Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota for all patients who underwent SAVR in the setting of an ACCA. The study investigators identified 31 patients operated on from September 2002 through December 2018. The end point was myocardial ischemia in the distribution of the ACCA. Results The patients’ mean age was 69 ± 11 years, sex was female in 8 patients (26%), and ejection fraction was 62% (interquartile range, 59% to 68%). No patient underwent exploration of the ACCA, but 5 (16%) had a coronary artery bypass graft to the ACCA. No patient demonstrated myocardial infarction or underwent perioperative intervention on the ACCA; however, discharge echocardiography showed new lateral wall motion abnormality in 5 (16%) patients that was associated with a reduction in ejection fraction of −11% from baseline (P = .007). Coronary artery bypass graft to the ACCA was not protective of new lateral wall motion abnormality (P = .968). Mortality was 34% ± 10% at 10 years and was not associated with new lateral wall motion abnormality (log-rank test P = .183). Conclusions Clinically apparent myocardial infarction was not identified after SAVR, but echocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia in the distribution of the ACCA was identified in 16% of patients. Protective adjuvant intervention on the ACCA may be indicated. Further study is warranted.
A new Turing test: metaphor vs. nonsense

My basic argument is that a computer cannot distinguish between metaphor and nonsense. This would be my new "Turing Test." I was very fond of a particular Italian poem, but I was told by an Italian friend that it was a hackneyed poem of little worth. I then taught myself to experience the poem alternately, as real poetry and as the silly nonsense that my friend claimed it really was. Having done so, I realized that I could do the same with any metaphor, such as "having a green thumb." Thinking about the nature of this switch, from the literal to the metaphorical, I also realized that it was the sort of change that could not be prescribed or even described: this, the basic aesthetic gesture, remains beyond the boundary of logical definition. It then dawned on me that it might provide a test for the validity of a "Turing Test," by any definition. Can a computer track a mind as it goes through this transformation? I could not envisage such a possibility. This would be a "Turing Test" based on the discipline of aesthetics rather than on technology. It may even be argued that the ability to experience metaphor is the very definition of the human.
Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol

ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-Amyloid (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, inflammation, and loss of cognitive function. Genetic variation in a cholesterol transport protein, apolipoprotein E (apoE), is the most common genetic marker for sporadic AD. In vitro evidence suggests apoE links to Aβ production through nanoscale lipid compartments (also called lipid rafts), but its regulation in vivo is unclear. Here we use super-resolution imaging in mouse brain to show apoE utilizes astrocyte-derived cholesterol to specifically traffic neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP) into lipid rafts where it interacts with β- and γ-secretases to generate Aβ-peptide. We find that targeted deletion of astrocyte cholesterol synthesis robustly reduces amyloid and tau burden in a mouse model of AD. Treatment with cholesterol-free apoE or knockdown of cholesterol synthesis in astrocytes decreases cholesterol levels in cultured neurons and causes APP to traffic out of lipid rafts where it interacts with α-secretase and gives rise to soluble APPα (sAPPα), a neuronal protective product of APP. Changes in cellular cholesterol have no effect on α-, β-, and γ-secretase trafficking, suggesting the ratio of Aβ to sAPPα is regulated by the trafficking of the substrate, not the enzymes. Treatment of astrocytes with inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α upregulates the synthesis of cholesterol in the astrocytes. We conclude that cholesterol is kept low in neurons to inhibit Aβ formation and enable astrocyte regulation of Aβ formation by cholesterol regulation. Highlights ApoE regulates amyloid precursor protein localization to rafts and its exposure to α-vs. β-secretase. α-, β-, and γ-Secretases are activated by substrate presentation. ApoE specifically transports astrocyte cholesterol to neurons. Astrocyte cholesterol synthesis disruption prevents Alzheimer’s-associated amyloid pathology in mice.
JUE Insight: The Impacts of Opportunity Zones on Zone Residents

Abstract The Opportunity Zone program, created by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017, was designed to encourage investment in distressed communities across the U.S. We examine the early impacts (up to one-and-a-half years after enactment) of the Opportunity Zone program on residents of targeted areas. We leverage restricted-access microdata from the American Community Survey and employ a matching approach to estimate causal reduced-form effects of the program. Our results point to little or no evidence of positive effects of the Opportunity Zone program on the employment, earnings, or poverty of zone residents.
CHAPTER 42 – Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Publisher Summary The autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) is an autoimmune condition causing platelet destruction. It is unclear whether this represents a single disorder or multiple disorders. In ATP, autoantibody binds to platelets, resulting in clearance of the opsonized platelets by the phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). It also crosses the placenta and can result in neonatal ATP. ATP is classified as either chronic or acute, with the former more common in adults and the latter in children. Chronic ATP is more common in women than in men (3:1). Moreover, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) susceptibility genes have been associated with chronic ATP, as well as with treatment response to steroids or splenectomy and autoantibody specificity. Antibody against platelets and megakaryocytes could explain this apparent heterogeneity—yet why one predominates in some patients and another in other patients is unclear. Furthermore, treatment responses cytotoxicity appears to be heterogeneous. Whereas most patients respond to antiphagocytic agents, others require immunosuppression with imuran, cytoxan, or cyclosporine, and still others do not appear to respond at all.
The experimental studies on stress ulcer of the stomach following thermal injury with special reference to H+ back diffusion and microcirculation.

We have investigated the relationship of H+ back diffusion and the fine microvascular structure of arteriovenous (A-V) shunting channels to the formation of gastric mucosal lesions following thermal injury. Rats subjected to a third degree burn of 30% of the body surface were investgated at times varying from immediately after the burn to 72 hours post burn and compared to sham burned controls. The protein leakage into the lumen was also determined in order to evaluate the capillary permeability of the gastric mucosa. The incidence of mucosal lesions was the highest in the animals studied in the first few hours after burn injury. Whereas none of the controls had any evidence of mucosal lesions. 93% of animals studied at 2 hours post burn and 100% of animals studied at 5 hours post burn had mucosal lesions. Both the incidence and severity of mucosal lesions were less in the animals studied at 24 and 72 hours, suggesting that the lesions that were evident at the later times were probably formed during the first few hours and not yet healed histopathologically. At 2 and 5 hours, H+ back diffusion and protein leakage were increased significantly above the control value and microangiographical studies revealed the opening of A-V shunting channels. At 24 and 72 hours there was no significant opening of A-V shunting channels and H+ back diffusion was within the control value. Thus it appeared that increased H+ back diffusion and the opening of A-V shunting channels might have been intimately related to the formation of mucosal lesions during the first few hours after the burn injury.
H/sub /spl infin//-optimal mapping of actuators and sensors in flexible structures

A computationally efficient method is described to search and find optimal spatial configurations for the placement (mapping) of a finite number of actuators and sensors on a continuous flexible structure to reduce the vibrations or deformations in the structure to a minimum in the H/sub /spl infin// sense. The method produces a feedback controller corresponding to the minimal H/sub /spl infin// norm of the disturbance-deformation operator. The computational cost of the optimal mapping search is reduced through two techniques. First, the computationally expensive goal function based on the complete H/sub /spl infin// synthesis is evaluated only for the mappings that pass a computationally inexpensive test. Next, the target norm is adjusted statistically based on the already evaluated mappings. Mapping optimization based on exhaustive search and genetic algorithms are presented and demonstrated on a 30-node finite-element model of a simply supported beam.
Collection Development in the Electronic Environment: Shifting Priorities

Contents * Introduction * Developing New Models for Collection Development * Negotiating the Soul of the Library: Change Management in Information Access and Local Collection Development * Budgeting for Collection Development in the Electronic Environment * From Journal Cancellation to Library Strategic Visioning Faculty Leadership * Staffing for Collection Development in the Electronic Environment: Toward a New Definition of Roles and Responsibilities * Consortia and Collections: Achieving a Balance Between Local Action and Collaborative Interest * Setting Journal Priorities by Listening to Customers * How Booksellers are Employing Electronic Innovations to Enhance Collection Development Procedures * Index * Reference Notes Included
One-Year Outcomes Associated With Using Observation Services in Triaging Patients With Nonspecific Chest Pain

Background Observation services are provided in greatly variant settings. The aim of this study was to reexamine the effectiveness of observation services compared to inpatient units for patients with nonspecific chest pain. Hypothesis Patients admitted to observation units have similar outcomes to patients admitted to inpatient wards. Methods We conducted a claim-based retrospective study for 7549 patients who were admitted to observation and inpatient units. Both models of care were evaluated using the 1-year costs related to chest pain/cardiovascular diseases, and primary and secondary outcomes. Primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, or cardiac arrest, whereas secondary outcomes included revascularization procedures, emergency room revisits, and hospitalization due to cardiovascular diseases. Results Two-thirds (65.7%, n = 4962) of patients in the sample had observation services, and 34.3% (n = 2587) were admitted to inpatient care. Of the inpatient group, 4.9% experienced a total of 167 primary outcomes, whereas 14.1% experienced a total of 571 secondary outcomes. In comparison, 3.8% of the observation group experienced 238 primary outcomes, and 10.3% experienced 737 secondary outcomes. After adjusting for baseline characteristics using Cox proportional hazard and quantile regression models, no differences between the 2 groups were detected in the 1-year costs of cardiovascular services and primary or secondary outcomes. Patients who had observation services were 79% (95% confidence interval: 1.24-2.58) more likely to have revascularization procedures compared to those admitted to inpatient care. Conclusions Patients who had observation services had similar outcomes and 1-year costs compared to patients admitted to inpatient wards.
What is the Trajectory of Arctic Sea Ice

We consider the trajectory in phase space of the Arctic sea ice thickness distribution, in which each dimension or component is the time series of sea ice area for a given ice thickness bin. We analyze the trajectory as determined by output from an ice-ocean model, finding that the first two principal components account for 98% of the variance. Simplifying the ice thickness distribution into thin ice, thick ice, and open water, we construct a simple empirical linear model that converges to a stable annual cycle from any initial state. When we include a quadratic nonlinearity to simulate a crude ice-albedo feedback, the model exhibits two stable states, one with perennial ice and one with ice-free summers, resembling the projections of some climate models for the late 21st century. We discuss the interplay between external forcing, internal dynamics, and “tipping points” in the decline of Arctic sea ice.
Social capital and children's wellbeing: A critical synthesis of the international social capital literature

Drawing on social capital literature from the international realm, this article presents a critical synthesis of this social resource in relation to children's and youth's wellbeing. Although considerable evidence indicates that social capital can have a positive impact on future outcomes for children and youth, no prior comprehensive review exists of the literature on social capital and children's wellbeing. Adopting the systematic review method (SR), the author explores how social capital has been conceptualised and operationalised as an explanatory variable in research on individual and collective wellbeing with children and youth. Oft-cited indicators of family social capital and community social capital are identified, together with common control variables, such as human and financial capital. The author concludes by examining several social capital trends in relation to children's wellbeing and offering recommendations for future research using a social capital theoretical framework to explore additional outcomes related to children's and youth's wellbeing.
An Interregional Analysis of Price Discrimination and Domestic Policy Reform in the U.S. Dairy Sector

The U.S. dairy sector has experienced several reforms in both government price support and classified pricing under state and federal milk marketing orders. An interregional spatial market equilibrium model of the U.S. dairy sector is used to provide quantitative measures of the aggregate and regional impacts of alternative domestic deregulation scenarios. The model simulates the allocation of farm milk used in the production of nine dairy products in a way consistent with milk component balances for milk fat, protein, and carbohydrate both within and across regions. Results suggest current policies induce substantive aggregate and regional distortions relative to an unregulated policy
Severe Impairment of Dietary Folate Utilization in the Elderly

: Absorption of folates, vitamin B(i, pantothenate, and riboflavin from a natural food source (yeast) and from synthetic folylmonoglutamate was studied in 24 elderly subjects (age range, 73 to 101 years) and in 12 healthy younger subjects (age range, 24 to 42 years). All subjects absorbed riboflavin, vitamin B6, and pantothenate from yeast. Ingested folylpolyglutamates (the preponderant folates in yeast) proved to be a very poor source of folates for the elderly subjects, whereas synthetic folylmonoglutamate served as a good source. In the younger subjects, yeast was a significant folate source. It is suggested that the folate deficits so common in the elderly are caused by impaired ability to obtain folate from ingested foods. The resultant folate deficit may induce changes in the epithelial structure and enzyme secretion of the small bowel, which may further exacerbate folate malabsorption.
Pediatric Bowenoid Papulosis: Risks and Management

: A 34-month-old Haltian girl had a six-month history of asymptomatic vulvar papules. Histologic features and DNA probe studies were diagnostic of bowenold papulosis. Resolution of the lesions was enhanced by cryotherapy. This is the third reported patient with prepubertal bowenold papulosis. Sexual abuse should be suspected, but not assumed, in pediatric patients with this condition. Our patient had no evidence of sexual abuse. Bowenold papulosis has been associated with cervical intraepithellal neoplasia and rarely with squamous cell carcinoma. Close gynecologic fellow-up is recommended.
UREASE DISTRIBUTION IN CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS.

Urease activity is expressed in urease units. A urease unit (U.U.) is a quantity of urease which will produce 1 mg. of ammonia per minute when acting upon urea under the experimental conditions employed (2). The indicator method is not as sensitive as the quantitative method, and tissues containing less than 0.02 U.U. per gram of fresh weight are reported as negative with this method. Tissues containing less than 0.0001 U.U. are reported as negative with the quantitative method. The hypocotyl is that part of the axis between the cotyledonary node and the external collet.
Combined Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bulbomembranous Urethra: A Case Report

Patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the bulbomembranous urethra fare poorly whether they undergo surgery or primary radiotherapy. Combined chemoradiotherapy has been used with encouraging results in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and esophagus, and limited reports suggest that this management may show promise in the control of squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra. We report good results in a man with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the bulbomembranous urethra who underwent concomitant radiotherapy, mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. We encourage the use of this regimen in patients with urethral squamous cell carcinoma as well as the reporting of results.
The Preconvective Environment of Summer Thunderstorms over the Florida Panhandle

Abstract The preconvective environment of summer thunderstorms over the Florida Panhandle is investigated. Geostationary satellite imagery as well as surface and radiosonde data were examined during the summers of 1990 and 1991. Days were classified either as synoptically disturbed or undisturbed based on the imagery. The undisturbed days then were subjectively subdivided into those having strong, weak, or no convection. Composite sounding profiles of various meteorological parameters were constructed for each category of the undisturbed days. Composites of various stability indexes also were calculated. Midtropospheric moisture (particularly from 700 to 500 mb) and low-level instability were the best thermodynamic parameters for forecasting convection over the Florida Panhandle. The surface-based lifted index was the most useful stability index for predicting convective development. Wind direction also was related to the degree of convective activity in the Florida Panhandle. The strong convection days t...
Solvothermal Conversion of Discrete Cubic Cadmium Thiolate Cluster into Supertetrahedral Cluster Decorating Quartz-Type Chiral Superlattice

Solvothermal reaction between thiourea and an ionic cluster compound (denoted CMM-5) containing a cubic cadmium thiolate cluster ([Cd8(SPhF-3)14(DMF)6]2+) at 85 °C in a mixed acetone/H2O solvent converts the discrete cubic cluster into the covalently linked tetrahedral cluster that serves as tetrahedral node in a helical compound (denoted CMF-8, [Cd8S(SC6H4F-3)12(SC6H4F-3)4/2]) with α-quartz-type topology. CMF-8 has a UV−vis absorption onset at 375 nm, and the thermal analysis shows that it is stable up to about 300 °C.
Calculations for displacive ω-phase transformations in Ti–Al alloys with Nb additions at finite temperature

We examine by means of first-principles calculations the bcc-like (bcc: body centered cubic) to ω-like phase transformations in Ti–Al alloys with Nb additions at finite temperature. To simulate the alloy we use different discrete atomic configurations in a six atom unit cell of the stoichiometry Ti3Al2Nb. Calculated ground state energies show an instability in the ternary Ti3Al2Nb alloy against the ω structure type atomic displacement. To better understand the role of entropy in the stability/instability of these systems, the first-principles calculations are extended to finite temperature by including various contributions to the free energy. In particular, the vibrational free energy is calculated within a quasiharmonic approximation. It is shown that the bcc structure is stabilized by the contribution of the low energy modes to the lattice entropy against ω type atomic displacements. We find that configurational entropy plays a major role in the ω to B82 transformation. Calculated lattice parameters and transition temperatures are found to be in excellent agreement with experiment.
Single-index coefficient models for nonlinear time series

The single-index coefficient model, where the coefficients are functions of an index of a covariate vector, is a powerful tool for modelling nonlinearity in multivariate estimation. By reducing the covariate vector to an index which is usually a linear combination of covariates, the single-index coefficient model overcomes the well-known phenomenon of ‘curse-of-dimensionality’. We estimate the univariate varying coefficients with penalised splines (PS). An iterative data-driven algorithm is developed, adaptively selecting the index. The algorithm is based on the observation that given an estimated index, the varying-coefficient model using PS is essentially a linear ridge regression with spline bases. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithm gives rapid convergence. We also establish large sample properties assuming fixed number of knots. The usual jointly stationary assumption for dependent data is relaxed with weaker size requirements for either φ-mixing or α-mixing. Finally, we present an appli...
Promoting Access Through Complementary eHealth Technologies: Recommendations for VA’s Home Telehealth and Personal Health Record Programs

BACKGROUND Many healthcare organizations have embraced eHealth technologies in their efforts to promote patient-centered care, increase access to services, and improve outcomes.
Fresnel particle tracing in three dimensions using diffraction phase microscopy

We have developed a novel experimental technique for tracking small particles in three dimensions with nanometer accuracy. The longitudinal positioning of a micrometer-sized particle is determined by using the Fresnel approximation to describe the transverse distribution of the wavefront that originated in the particle. The method utilizes the high-sensitivity quantitative phase imaging capability of diffraction phase microscopy recently developed in our laboratory. We demonstrate the principle of the technique with experiments on Brownian particles jittering in water both in bulk and in the vicinity of a boundary. The particles are localized in space within an error cube of 20 nm x 20 nm x 20 nm for a 33 Hz acquisition rate and 20s recording time.
A nutrient biotic index (NBI) for use with benthic macroinvertebrate communities

Abstract Aquatic macroinvertebrates have been among the principal biological communities used for freshwater monitoring and assessment for several decades, but macroinvertebrate biomonitoring has not incorporated nutrient measures into assessment strategies. Two nutrient biotic indices were developed for benthic macroinvertebrate communities, one for total phosphorus (NBI-P), and one for nitrate (NBI-N). Weighted averaging was used to assess the distributions of 164 macroinvertebrate taxa across TP and NO3− gradients and to establish nutrient optima and subsequent nutrient tolerance values. Both the NBI-P and NBI-N were correlated with increasing mean TP and NO3− values (r = 0.68 and r = 0.57, respectively, p 0.0175 to ≤0.065 mg/l TP, >0.24 to ≤0.98 mg/l NO3−, eutrophic: >0.065 mg/l TP, >0.98 mg/l NO3−) was also established through cluster analysis of invertebrate communities using Bray–Curtis (quantitative) similarity. Significant differences (p
Prediction methodologies for target scene generation in the aerothermal targets analysis program (ATAP)

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Aerothermal Targets Analysis Program (ATAP) is a user-friendly, engineering-level computational tool that features integrated aerodynamics, six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) trajectory/motion, convective and radiative heat transfer, and thermal/material response to provide an optimal blend of accuracy and speed for design and analysis applications. ATAP is sponsored by the Kinetic Kill Vehicle Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator (KHILS) facility at Eglin AFB, where it is used with the CHAMP (Composite Hardbody and Missile Plume) technique for rapid infrared (IR) signature and imagery predictions. ATAP capabilities include an integrated 1-D conduction model for up to 5 in-depth material layers (with options for gaps/voids with radiative heat transfer), fin modeling, several surface ablation modeling options, a materials library with over 250 materials, options for user-defined materials, selectable/definable atmosphere and earth models, multiple trajectory options, and an array of aerodynamic prediction methods. All major code modeling features have been validated with ground-test data from wind tunnels, shock tubes, and ballistics ranges, and flight-test data for both U.S. and foreign strategic and theater systems. Numerous applications include the design and analysis of interceptors, booster and shroud configurations, window environments, tactical missiles, and reentry vehicles.
Percolation concepts in modelling of gas-solid reactions-III. Application to sulphation of calcined limestone

A Bethe network description of porous solids is used to model pore structure changes, including pore plugging, in the sulphation of calcined limestone. This model accounts for diffusion of SO2 in the shrinking pore space as well as in the product layer. The model predictions clearly demonstrate the increasing diffusion resistance and isolation of partially reacted pores causing incomplete conversion of the solid. The importance of an accurate description of pore space topology both in the interpretation of Hg porosimetry data and in transport calculations is illustrated. The model simulations show excellent agreement with published experimental observations.
Noise in the complex plane: open problems

In this paper, we present a certain number of computer results that require theoretical support in order to acquire a full status.
Immunochemical and biochemical analysis of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in HeLa cells.

Abstract PCNA, also known as cyclin, a protein of molecular weight (MW) 35 000, accumulates in the nuclei of dividing and transformed cells and reacts with autoantibodies from certain lupus patients. Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, we show that lupus sera containing anti-PCNA antibodies reveal a heterogeneous nuclear fluorescence pattern upon reaction with asynchronous HeLa cells, whereas with synchronized cells a sequence of distinct patterns is disclosed on progression through the cell cycle. Cell-free translation of HeLa cell mRNA followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-PCNA sera shows a single protein with the same apparent MW as PCNA labelled in vivo, suggesting that PCNA is not derived from a larger precursor protein and is not grossly modified by post-translational events. However, a group of at least nine nuclear polypeptides ranging in MW from about 12000 to 110000 are recognized by immunoblotting with anti-PCNA sera, indicating either that additional antigenic sites are produced on denaturation of native proteins or that additional autoantibodies are present in these sera. We also show that PCNA and several of these polypeptides are associated with nuclear structures containing chromatin.
300C Capable Digital Integrated Circuits in SiC Technology

This paper pertains to development of high temperature capable digital integrated circuits in n-channel, enhancement-mode Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOS technology. Among the circuits developed in this work are data latch, flip flops, 4-bit shift register and ripple counter. All circuits are functional from room temperature up to 300C without any notable degradation in performance at elevated temperature. The 4-bit counter demonstrated stable behavior for over 500 hours of continuous operation at 300C.
The Application of Extended CIM in Electric-Vehicle’s Charging-Discharging System

In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of electric-vehicle’s charging-discharging, and control the charging-discharging process according to the electric grid’s condition, multiple applications and systems have been developed for monitoring and managing the EV’s charging-discharging. All of these systems are required for EV charging-discharging data support, so it becomes quite an urgent problem that how to share and exchange EV’s charging-discharging information between different systems. To solve this problem, this paper applies IEC61970 CIM to EV charging-discharging system, extends the CIM to cover all the EV charging-discharging facilities. And then a data center of EV charging-discharging has been developed based on the extended CIM to provide charging-discharging data for other systems through CIS service. The research of this paper provides a unified information model for efficient monitoring and management of EV’s charging-discharging as well as integration of related systems and applications.
Contribution of Residue B5 to the Folding and Function of Insulin and IGF-I: CONSTRAINTS AND FINE-TUNING IN THE EVOLUTION OF A PROTEIN FAMILY*

Proinsulin exhibits a single structure, whereas insulin-like growth factors refold as two disulfide isomers in equilibrium. Native insulin-related growth factor (IGF)-I has canonical cystines (A6—A11, A7–B7, and A20—B19) maintained by IGF-binding proteins; IGF-swap has alternative pairing (A7–A11, A6—B7, and A20—B19) and impaired activity. Studies of mini-domain models suggest that residue B5 (His in insulin and Thr in IGFs) governs the ambiguity or uniqueness of disulfide pairing. Residue B5, a site of mutation in proinsulin causing neonatal diabetes, is thus of broad biophysical interest. Here, we characterize reciprocal B5 substitutions in the two proteins. In insulin, HisB5 → Thr markedly destabilizes the hormone (ΔΔGu 2.0 ± 0.2 kcal/mol), impairs chain combination, and blocks cellular secretion of proinsulin. The reciprocal IGF-I substitution ThrB5 → His (residue 4) specifies a unique structure with native 1H NMR signature. Chemical shifts and nuclear Overhauser effects are similar to those of native IGF-I. Whereas wild-type IGF-I undergoes thiol-catalyzed disulfide exchange to yield IGF-swap, HisB5-IGF-I retains canonical pairing. Chemical denaturation studies indicate that HisB5 does not significantly enhance thermodynamic stability (ΔΔGu 0.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol), implying that the substitution favors canonical pairing by destabilizing competing folds. Whereas the activity of ThrB5-insulin is decreased 5-fold, HisB5-IGF-I exhibits 2-fold increased affinity for the IGF receptor and augmented post-receptor signaling. We propose that conservation of ThrB5 in IGF-I, rescued from structural ambiguity by IGF-binding proteins, reflects fine-tuning of signal transduction. In contrast, the conservation of HisB5 in insulin highlights its critical role in insulin biosynthesis.
Phase Determination of a Single Fringe Pattern by Regional Fourier Transform Method for Transient Event Analysis

This paper proposes a regional Fourier transform method for determination of a phase map from a single fringe pattern. This method can be used for transient event analysis.
Two-photon photoemission and the dynamics of electrons at interfaces

A new instrument for angle-resolved two-photon photoemission with exceptional sensitivity and energy resolution has allowed a detailed examination of the interaction of image-state electrons with adsorbates. In addition to measuring the electrostatic properties of molecular-thickness films, the technique serves as a probe of adsorbate growth modes, and provides new opportunities to explore the dynamics of electrons in well-controlled 2D systems.
Differences in venom composition between orb- weaving and wandering Hawaiian Tetragnatha (Araneae)

Spider venoms are complex mixtures of toxins that are used primarily for immobilizing prey. There is evidence of chemical variation in spider venoms among close relatives, yet few studies have analysed their evolution within an ecological and phylogenetic framework. On the Hawaiian archipelago, Tetragnatha, a cosmopolitan orb-weaving genus, has undergone a radiation in which a monophyletic lineage has abandoned web-building and become obligately wandering foragers. This study compares venom composition and details of feeding behaviour between orb-weaving and wandering Hawaiian Tetragnatha. Protein gel electrophoresis patterns indicated that relative to orb-weavers, wandering species had a reduced concentration of low molecular weight (<14 kDa) components. Both orb-weaving and wandering Tetragnatha captured flying prey (adult lepidopterans, dipterans), but wandering spiders also captured non-flying prey (insect larvae, spiders). There were no distinct differences between orb-weavers and wanderers in prey capture and immobilization sequences, or in the paralytic effects of bites on prey. However, prey bitten by wanderers took longer to be permanently immobilized than prey bitten by orb-weavers. Contrary to predictions, there was no indication that web-loss in this group was associated with an increase in venom potency.
Hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification of Nannochloropsis sp.

We converted the marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. into a crude bio-oil product and a gaseous product via hydrothermal processing from 200 to 500 °C and a batch holding time of 60 min. A moderate temperature of 350 °C led to the highest bio-oil yield of 43 wt %. We estimate the heating value of the bio-oil to be about 39 MJ kg−1, which is comparable to that of a petroleum crude oil. The H/C and O/C ratios for the bio-oil decreased from 1.73 and 0.12, respectively, for the 200 °C product to 1.04 and 0.05, respectively, for the 500 °C product. Major bio-oil constituents include phenol and its alkylated derivatives, heterocyclic N-containing compounds, long-chain fatty acids, alkanes and alkenes, and derivatives of phytol and cholesterol. CO2 was always the most abundant gas product. H2 was the second most abundant gas at all temperatures other than 500 °C, where its yield was surpassed by that of CH4. The activation energies for gas formation suggest the presence of gas-forming reactions other than steam...
X-radiation in dental offices in Jefferson County, Alabama. III

Abstract An intensive radiologic health survey in the dental offices of Jefferson County, Alabama, has been described. The survey included personal interviews, inspection of each facility, and detailed monitoring procedures. The results of the survey have been outlined in general terms. A more detailed report, involving specific aspects of the survey, will be published in the immediate future.
Posterior fusion without clitoromegaly in a female with partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

3. Cinque TJ, and Letteri JM: Idiopathic ascites in chronic renal failure, NY State J Med, March 15, 1973, p 781. 4. Wang F, Pillay VKG, Ing TS, Armbruster KF, and Rosenberg JC: Ascites in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis, Nephron 12:105, 1974. 5. Uy A, Shalhoub RJ, O'Connell B, et al: Intractable ascites during maintenance hemodialysis, Med Ann DC 42:277, 1973. 6. Henderson LW, and Nolph KD: Altered permeability of the peritoneal membrane after using hypertonic peritoneal dialysis fluid, J Clin Invest 48:992, 1969. 7. Cadnapaphornchai P, Kuruvila KC, Holmes J, and Schrier RW: Analysis of 5 year experience of home dialysis as a treatment modality for patients with end-stage renal failure, Am J Med 57:789, 1974. 8. Craig R, Sparberg M, Ivanovich P, et al: Nephrogenic ascites, Arch Intern Med 134:267, 1974. 9. Rodriquez HJ, Walls J, Slatopolsky E, and Klohr S: Recurrent ascites following peritoneal diaIysis, Arch Intern Med 134"283. 1974.
Residues in young veal calves after consumption of milk containing penicillin.

Abstract Residues in urine, kidney, and muscle following consumption of milk containing procaine penicillin G were determined in 4-to 8-day-old Holstein bull calves. Calves were fed milk diluted 1:1 with water. Nine control calves received diluted milk only while 8 calves received diluted milk containing 6,600 IU penicillin/kg (low group), and 10 calves received 13,200 lU/kg of milk consumed (high group). Urine samples were collected over 11h after each morning feeding for 3 days. Calves were slaughtered on day 4 of trial and kidney, muscle, and urine samples obtained. Urine was tested for residues with the Live Animal Swab Test and tissues by the Swab Test on Premises. Both tests are microbiological assays used for detecting growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis. No residues were detected in urine of control calves. Residues in urine were detected in 6 calves in the low group and 7 calves in the high group after feeding. At slaughter, residues were in 3 of 5 urine samples from calves in the low group and 8 of 10 calves in the high group. However, no residues were detected in kidney or muscle of control or treated calves.
Specific heat and electronic density of states in antimony

Abstract Two independent methods are used to determine the electronic density of states in Sb; good agreement is obtained by extending measurements to 0.37°K.
The Calibration of the ROSAT HRI Particle Background

A calibration for the particle background (PB) of the ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI) is presented. It is found that the PB rate is temporally a relatively stable function of the subsatellite geographic position and that the average master veto (MV) signal of the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter is a good template of that function. By determining the general correlation between the average MV signal and PB rate as a function of time and scaling the general correlation by an individual observation's light curve, an accurate PB model for that observation can be produced. Detector maps for the distribution of PB events and the distribution of exposure (including vignetting, detector artifacts, and quantum efficiency variations) are also presented. The maps were created from Earth-block data collected throughout the mission.