cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Body circumferences as measures of body fat distribution in 10-14-year-old schoolchildren.

In this paper the hypothesis is tested that circumferences are as useful as skinfolds in children aged 10-14 years to detect variation in regional fat distribution. This would be confirmed by the appearance of a significant canonical correlation between a vector of appropriately selected circumferences and an analogous vector of skinfolds, producing a weighted pattern suggestive of centralized obesity (that is a series of mathematical weights of different signs for central versus peripheral regions of the body). The hypothesis is confirmed (P < 0.01) in this sample of 378 children of both sexes. The association occurs in the second canonical correlation after a strong first canonical correlation providing information about fatness level (0.83-0.87). The canonical correlations are low (0.29 in boys, 0.36 in girls), lower than has previously been reported in a similar study of adults. The circumferences most heavily weighted in opposite directions are the waist and thigh. These results are in accord with adult studies. This study did not support the use of the waist-hip circumference combination, the measures currently used in most epidemiologic studies of body fat distribution.
Patterned nanostructure lasers by MOCVD

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been the epitaxial growth method of choice for lasers and other photonic devices for nearly forty years. Here we very briefly review selected aspects of MOCVD selective area epitaxy (SAE) and nanostructure self-assembly, to patterned nano-structure growth.
Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8 % in 1950 to 35 % in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.
Monolithic column plastic microfluidic device for peptide analysis using electrospray from a channel opening on the edge of the device

Abstract Electrospray from a channel exit at the edge of a fluorocarbon coated cycloolefin copolymer microfluidic device has been investigated. The fluorocarbon coating facilitated generation of a stable electrospray, thereby enhancing the detectability of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS). A microfluidic device of integrated ESI emitters and monolithic liquid chromatography columns has been fabricated on a cycloolefin copolymer chip. The monolithic columns were polymerized in situ using UV irradiation with a photomask to confine the porous polymer monolith to the desired regions of the channels. The monolithic stationary phase was homogenous and well bonded to the channel surfaces, which had been functionalized by graft polymerization. The ESI potential was applied within the channel via a carbon ink line. The performance of this microfluidic device was demonstrated by analysis of a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin on an ion trap MS instrument.
Studies on TSH in the blood of mice with functional pituitary tumors.

TSH obtained from the plasma of mice with functional pituitary tumors was studied by percolation, electrophoresis, gel filtx-ation and density gradient centrifugation. The TSH in plasma from animals bearing transplantable TSH-secreting tumors (TtT) of the pituitary gland was found to behave similarly to the TSH isolated from the functional pituitary tumors.(Endocrinology 77: 745, 1965)
Involvement of the electrophile responsive element and p53 in the activation of hepatic stellate cells as a response to electrophile menadione

Abstract The cytotoxic effects of menadione and hydrogen peroxide were examined in two hepatic stellate cell lines derived from normal or cirrhotic rat liver. The cirrhotic fat-storing cells (CFSC) were found more resistant than the normal fat-storing cells (NFSC) to menadione cytotoxicity. No significant differences were observed in hydrogen peroxide toxicity in these two cell lines. Although protein levels and enzymatic activities of catalase, Cu,Zn–SOD, Mn–SOD, and NADPH cytochrome c reductase were similar in these cell lines, 20-fold increases of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzymatic activity and protein levels were detected in CFSC compared to those of NFSC. Gel mobility shift assays and functional analysis using transient transfection experiments indicated the involvement of the electrophile responsive element (EPRE) in the up-regulation of the NQO1 expression. Antibody supershift analysis revealed that, although Nrf2 is a member of the EPRE-binding complex in both NFSC and CFSC, Nrf1 was identified as a part of the protein/DNA complex only in CFSC. Expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene was found in higher levels in CFSC than in NFSC. We conclude that activation of the EPRE-signaling pathway, which up-regulates several phase II genes and affects p53 stabilization, may offer resistance to hepatic stellate cells against oxidative damage during hepatic injury. This resistance may be a part of the activation process of the hepatic stellate cells and could contribute to their increased proliferation and production of extracellular matrix.
238U/204Pb in MORB and open system evolution of the depleted mantle

Concentrations of U, Th and Pb were determined by isotope dilution on 30 mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses. The mean values of238U/204Pb (μ) and232Th/238U (κ) in these glasses are 11.20 and 2.67 respectively. There are significant differences in these ratios between ocean basins. Mean κ values increase in the order Atlantic < Pacific < Indian; mean μ is higher in Pacific MORB than in Indian and Atlantic MORB, but differences between the Atlantic and Indian are not significant. μ correlates strongly with U concentration, but not with Pb concentration or with206Pb/204Pb. The correlation of μ with U but not with206Pb/204Pb reflects the effect of partial melting and fractional crystallization on μ. Since the maximum value of U in the depleted mantle must be less than the bulk silicate earth value of 0.018 ppm, the μ-U correlation can be used to estimate the maximum mean value of μ in the depleted mantle (μDM). This yields a maximumμDM of 4.67. Similarly, the correlation between μ andRb/Sr suggests a maximumμDM of 6.3. These results are consistent with values forμDM derived using mass balance from the crustal and depleted mantle values of κ, the depleted mantlePb/Ce ratio, and the crustal abundance of Ce. The value ofμDM thus seems to be less than the bulk earth value, estimated to be8 ± 2. This is consistent with the incompatible-element-depleted character of this reservoir, but inconsistent with Pb isotope ratios, which record time-integrated values for μ of 8–9, and which indicate that μ has increased over time. This inconsistency requires that the depleted mantle be an open system with a residence time for Pb of1 ± 0.5 Ga. Neither the continental crust nor a primitive lower mantle have the appropriate isotopic composition to be the source of Pb in the depleted mantle. Mantle plumes do have the appropriate isotopic composition, and as little as 10% of the observed plume flux is needed to mix with the depleted mantle to supply the required flux of Pb.
Piezoresponse imaging of lead zirconate titanate microfibers and numerical analysis of its electric field distribution

Piezoresponse imaging technique was transplanted from thin film to probe polarization domains and local properties in single electrospun lead zirconate titanate microfibers. The corresponding electric field distribution was numerically analyzed. The biased conic tip is found to produce a field that peaks on its apex and decreases rapidly toward the bottom metal electrode. A strong field exists only in a thin surface region and cannot pole the affected domain even with its magnitude of 108V∕m on the fiber surface.
Composition-explicit distillation curves of aviation fuel JP-8 and a coal-based jet fuel

We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis); (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points; (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for an equation of state development; (4) consistency with a century of historical data; (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction; (6) a trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction; and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The most significant modification is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasoline, and jet fuels. In this paper, we present...
Comparison of the Bronchodilator Activities of Isoproterenol and of Prostaglandin E1 Aerosols

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been found to possess potent relaxing properties on human airways smooth muscle. In an effort to compare the bronchodilating effects of isoproterenol and PGE1 unanesthetized guinea-pigs were challenged with histamine and either isoproterenol or PGE1 in comparable concentrations either with or without prior administration of a beta blocker. To measure heart rate in these animals electrodes were placed on either side of the thorax. PGE1 exerted a greater effect at a lower concentration than did isoproterenol. PGE1 appeared to be at least 5 times as potent as isoproterenol. Studies were also done both in vivo and in vitro indicating that PGE1 fails to exert its effect through the beta receptor. Although the effect of isoproterenol was completly antagonized by prior administration of a beta blocker (MJ 1999) that of PGE1 remained essentially unchanged. Isoproterenol was significantly more cardiostimulatory than was PGE1 when no beta blockade was present. After beta blockade PGE1 was shown to increase the heart rate more than did isoproterenol.
Ideology or People

Book reviewed in this article: Mikhail Gorbachev and Zdenek Mlynar, Conversations with Gorbachev on Perestroika, the Prague Spring, and the Crossroads of Socialism
SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING PULSE SHAPES FROM NUCLEAR DETECTORS.

Abstract A simple technique is described for measuring and recording pulse shapes and risetimes from nuclear detectors. The system uses a sampling scope as the basic component. Three dimensional data from the scope can be photographed and/or digitized and stored in a 2-parameter multichannel analyzer. The technique is applicable to scintillation detectors. solid state detectors, proportional counters, or any device with an output risetime from a few nsec to several μsec. The system can be assembled from general purpose instruments commonly found in most laboratories. Pulse shape distributions from several types of detectors are presented.
Three-dimensional material identification and hazard detection with shortwave infrared supercontinuum based spectral ladar

This paper presents new experimental results from a prototype Spectral LADAR, which combines active multispectral and 3D time-of-flight point cloud imaging. The physical domain unification of these imaging modalities based on a pulse modulated supercontinuum source enables substantially higher fidelity images of obscured targets compared to the data domain fusion of passive hyperspectral cameras and conventional LADAR imagers. Spectral LADAR produces 3D spectral point clouds with unambiguously associated 3D image points and spectral vectors, promoting improved object classification performance in cluttered scenes. The 3D shape and material spectral signature of objects may be acquired in daylight or darkness, behind common glass, and behind obscurants such as foliage and camouflage. These capabilities are demonstrated by data obtained from test scenes. These scenes include plastic mine-like objects obscured by foliage, distinction of hazardous explosives inside plastic containers versus innocuous decoy materials, and 3D spectral imaging behind ordinary glass windows. These scenes, at effective ranges of approximately 40 meters, are imaged with nanosecond-regime optical pulses spanning 1.08 μm to 1.62 μm divided into 25 independently ranged spectral bands. The resultant point cloud is spectrally classified according to material type. In contrast to other active spectral imaging techniques, Spectral LADAR is well suited to operate at high pixel and frame rates and at considerable stand-off distances. A combination of favorable attributes, including eye safe wavelengths, relatively small apertures, and very short (single pulse) receiver integration time, bear the potential for this technique to be used on robotic platforms for on-the-move imaging and high area coverage rates.
Ability of Some Salmonids and a Centrarchid to Swim in Water of Reduced Oxygen Content

Abstract An apparatus was constructed to determine the ability of fish to swim against currents of known velocity in water of various dissolved oxygen content for periods of one or two days. Fish were tested in currents of 0.8 and 1.2 feet per second at dissolved oxygen concentrations of two milligrams per liter and higher. The ability of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist the above currents is in part dependent on their size. Only chinooks over fifty millimeters in total length were able to swim for a day against a current of 1.2 feet per second in water with dissolved oxygen content near the saturation value. In water with a mean dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.0 miligrams per liter or greater, in all experiments but one, juvenile chinook salmon were able to swim for at least one day against a current of 0.8 foot per second. In all tests at mean oxygen concentrations less than 2.84 milligrams per liter, some fish were unable to swim for the one-day period. In experiments at...
“Remember Our Voices are Our Tools:” Sexual Self-advocacy as Defined by People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

This exploratory study examines how people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) define and experience sexuality in the context of their identities as self-advocates. Using nominal group technique this study found self-advocates described sexual self-advocacy as relating to knowing and respecting themselves, respect for others, choices, speaking up, having their rights respected, getting information, healthy relationships, and interdependence. They also explained facilitators that would increase their sexual self-advocacy such as expanding access to information and sexual health services, removing systemic barriers, educating others, increasing access to counseling, and developing opportunities for sexual expression. The significance of the study is the expansion of research on sexual self-advocacy by bringing the sexuality and self-advocacy literatures together, reinforcing the value of people with IDD as legitimate sources of information about their own experiences, and providing a sustainable and accessible research method for working with people with IDD.
DEMONSTRATION OF C-PROTONATION OF PHOSPHOLES AND OF π-DESHIELDING OF 31P USING MULTICYCLIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS1

Abstract Cyclohexa[b]phospholes and 4,5-dihydrobenzo[e]phosphindoles were synthesized by the dehydrobromination of the appropriate diene-phosphonous dihalide cycloadducts. The benzo[g]phosphindole system was constructed by NBS bromination of the 2,3-dihydro derivative as the P-oxide, followed by deoxygenation and then DBU dehydrobromination. Dimerization of salts and oxides of the phospholes was a common property, even occurring for the fully unsaturated benzo[g]phosphindole oxide with sacrifice of its naphthalene character. Two of the phospholes were found to add anhydrous HCl, with proton-attachment to a ring carbon. A second mole of HCl was also added, giving chlorophospholenium chlorides as final products. The benzo[g] series of compounds proved useful in demonstrating a 31P chemical shift effect similar to that found in 13C NMR spectroscopy; when considered as naphthalenes containing a 1-phosphorus substituent, pronounced deshielding occurred on placement of a methyl group in the compressed 8-positio...
Corrigendum to “Rotational kinematics and torques for triaxial bodies” [Icarus 223 (2013) 615–618]

Icarus 226 (2013) 1183 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Corrigendum Corrigendum to ‘‘Rotational kinematics and torques for triaxial bodies’’ [Icarus 223 (2013) 615–618] William I. Newman ⇑ Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, United States Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, United States Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1555, United States Eq. (24), add G to numerator above denominator C x rot ; Line 15, ‘‘B-axis’’ should read ‘‘A-axis’’; Eq. (26), after the cos h, replace the + sign by a sign; DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.12.023 ⇑ Address: Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, United States. E-mail address: win@ucla.edu 0019-1035/$ - see front matter O 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.022 Eqs. (27) and (28), replace term ð A þ 3B 4C Þ by ð 3A þ B 4C Þ on the right hand side.
Inline Applications of Gamma Monitoring and Uranium Colorimetry

Techniques using gamma scintillation spectrometry and colorimetry for continuous analysis of radiochemical processing plant streams are discussed. The use of a continuous gamma monitor on an organic processing stream is described with emphasis on the practical difficulties encountered. A study substantiated by experiment on an improved gamma monitor is presented. The use of colorimetry to determine uranium concentration in processing streams is considered. Tests and results are reported for a relatively simple colorimeter and discussion is presented concerning more elaborate techniques.
Predicting marginal fit of CAD/CAM crowns based on the presence or absence of common preparation errors.

Statement of problem Confusion exists as to what constitutes an ideal ceramic crown preparation and whether certain deviations from the ideal can affect the marginal fit of the milled restoration. Purpose This study evaluated the marginal gap of E4D crowns fabricated on preparations completed by clinicians with varying levels of expertise to identify whether common errors affect marginal fit. Material and methods The fit of 75 crowns fabricated with the E4D system on preparations of varying quality were examined for marginal fit by using the replica technique. These same preparations were then visually examined for common criteria for ceramic restorations and placed in one of 3 categories: excellent, fair, or poor. These visual examinations sought the presence of common preparation errors, particularly those involving the finish line. The average marginal gap values and standard deviations were calculated for each category, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine significance. Results The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the marginal fit of a CAD/CAM fabricated crown and the quality of the preparation. The mean marginal gap of the crowns fabricated on ideal preparations was 38.5 µm, those considered fair had a mean marginal gap of 58.3 µm, while those categorized as poor averaged 90.1 µm. The fit differences among all 3 groups were statistically significant ( P Conclusions Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that preparation quality has a significant impact on marginal gap on crowns fabricated with a CAD/CAM system.
Salivary electrolytes and salt taste thresholds in hypertension.

Abstract A technique for the separate collection of paratoid and submaxilllary secretions has been applied to a study of normal and hypertensive humans. This technique has established that: (1) the parotid and submaxillary secretions of hypertensive patients exhibit lower rates of flow and sodium concentration, while the concentrations of K, Cl and P, are comparable to those of normal control subjects; (2) the whole saliva is generally reflective of the parotid and submaxillary secretions when analyzed for Na, K, Cl and P, in both normal and hypertensive individuals and can be used in hypertension studies that measure these parameters; (3) the lower sodium concentration in hypertensives may reflect an increase in aldosterone secretion in some patients previously considered to have essential hypertension; (4) an elevated salt taste threshold as a characteristic of patients with hypertension has also been confirmed by this study.
Parkinson's disease: return of an old prime suspect.

Pacemaking activity in adult substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons relies on L-type Ca 2+ channels, but a surprising study in Nature by Chan et al. demonstrates that blockade of these channels by dihydropyridines re-establishes the pacemaking driven by sodium and HCN channels found in juvenile SN. This shift protects SN neurons in chemical models of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that elevated intracellular Ca 2+ participates in SN cell loss and that dihydropyridines may provide therapy in PD.
Molecular engineering in symmetric end-substituted oligothiophene derivatives: analysis of condensed-phase photoemission spectra using semiempirical Hartree-Fock calculations.

The electronic structures of two series of end-capped thiophene oligomers, one set containing the electron-deficient dimesitylboryl end-cap and one containing the electron-rich triaryl amine end-cap, have been modeled using semiempirical quantum chemical calculations and the results used to assign features in the photoemission spectra of the materials in the condensed phase. For the thiophene oligomers end-capped with the electron-deficient dimesitylboryl moieties, the energy of the occupied frontier orbitals is largely governed by π-type orbitals of the thiophene repeat units in the oligothiophene main chain. Conversely, in oligomers end-capped with electron-rich triarylamine moieties, the occupied frontier orbital energies are largely governed by orbital states of heavily mixed character associated with thiophene π-type systems and the low-lying nitrogen lone pairs of end capping groups.
Transvenous Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Preliminary Results With a New Self-Expanding Nitinol Prosthesis in a Swine Model

Background Our purpose was to evaluate a new prosthesis for percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs). Methods and Results Percutaneous closure of surgically created fossa ovalis ASD was attempted in 15 minipigs. The mean balloon-stretched ASD diameter was 12.3±2.3 mm (range, 10 to 16 mm). The self-expanding prosthesis was braided from 0.005-in Nitinol wires in the shape of two flat buttons with a short connecting waist with a diameter corresponding to that of the defect to be closed. Polyester filling was added to enhance thrombogenicity. Pulmonary arteriography with levo-phase was obtained before placement; immediately after placement; and at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Four animals were killed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months for histopathological correlation. Three deaths resulted from ventricular fibrillation (one during anesthesia and two during the placement procedure). Successful placement of the prosthesis was achieved in the remaining 12 animals. Overall immediat...
Mixture risk assessment: A case study of monsanto experiences

Monsanto employs several pragmatic approaches for evaluating the toxicity of mixtures. These approaches are similar to those recommended by many national and international agencies. When conducting hazard and risk assessments, priority is always given to using data collected directly on the mixture of concern. To provide an example of the first tier of evaluation, actual data on acute respiratory irritation studies on mixtures were evaluated to determine whether the principle of additivity was applicable to the mixture evaluated. If actual data on the mixture are unavailable, extrapolation across similar mixtures is considered. Because many formulations are quite similar in composition, the toxicity data from one mixture can be extended to a closely related mixture in a scientifically justifiable manner. An example of a family of products where such extrapolations have been made is presented to exemplify this second approach. Lastly, if data on similar mixtures are unavailable, data on component fractions are used to predict the toxicity of the mixture. In this third approach, process knowledge and scientific judgement are used to determine how the known toxicological properties of the individual fractions affect toxicity of the mixture. Three examples of plant effluents where toxicological data on fractions were used to predict the toxicity of the mixture are discussed. The results of the analysis are used to discuss the predictive value of each of the above mentioned toxicological approaches for evaluating chemical mixtures.
Utilization of teacher assistants in inclusive schools: is it the kind of help that helping is all about?

The final stanza of the children’s poem Helping reminds us of a simple caveat we all would be well advised to consider: ‘Some kind of help is the kind of help that helping’s all about. And some kin...
Muhammad and Jenghiz Khan compared: the religious factor in world empire building

This essay compares the two greatest conquest movements of pre-moder times, the Arab and the Mongol, which resulted in the creation of world empires, and analyzes the importance of religion in these events. This attempt is hardly in the mainstream of current cultural anthropology, which does not encourage much comparative study of historical societies separated in time and space. Nonetheless, perhaps this comparison will facilitate a better understanding of some serious conceptual problems that both of these conquests pose for anthropologists and historians. The fact that the Arab society had a strong nomadic component and the Mongol society was firmly based on pastoral nomadism makes this comparison even more interesting. The preconditions of these conquests bear some remarkable similarities. The internal situation in Arabia in the second half of the sixth and in the beginning of the seventh centuries was very complicated. At that time Arabian society was under stress then; after all, new religions do not emerge in times of tranquility and prosperity. So, in discussing the origin of Islam one should take into account conditions in the whole peninsula. For this reason alone, it is difficult to agree with Aswad (1963:439) that the emergence of the Islamic state in Arabia resulted from a struggle between the nomadic and the sedentary people in the Medina oasis. The emergence of a state capable of
A micromechanical damage model for concrete

Abstract The present paper proposes a constitutive theory for concrete based on the geometry of its mesostructure and the actual kinetics of the microcrack evolution. The only material parameters used within the context of the proposed formulation are those associated with the elastic, macroscopic response and the critical stress intensity factors of the constituent phases. The model allows for a rational determination of the response in function of the volume fraction of the coarse aggregate, sieving curve, distribution and size of initial defects, relative strengths of the cement and aggregate, etc.
Generalized arterial disease with angina pectoris in an adolescent girl.

Abstract Clinical and pathologic findings in a 13 13 12 year old girl with coronary artery disease of an apparently unique type are described. Necropsy revealed a generalized arterial disease characterized by degeneration and calcification of the media with focal thickening of the intima. Other findings included antinuclear antibodies, low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels, anetoderma and pulmonary granulomas. These findings suggest the possibility of an underlying autoimmune or metabolic disorder.
Messenger RNA sequence complexity and homology in developmental stages of Drosophila

Abstract Total polysomal RNA and polyadenylated mRNA from third instar larvae, pupae, and adults of D. melanogaster were hybridized in vast excess to labeled single-copy DNA in order to measure the sequence complexity of each RNA population. Then, to measure the sequence homology between the populations, each was hybridized to DNA enriched for messenger coding sequences in third instar larvae and to DNA depleted of these sequences. Our results show that a similar number of genes, approximately 16,000, is expressed in larvae, pupae, and adults, and that only one-third of these is expressed as polyadenylated mRNA. Further, the composition of both polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated mRNA classes is shown to change very little between these three stages of development. Finally, the head of adult Drosophila is shown to contain 11,000 RNA species, approximately 70% of the number contained in the entire adult.
Panic symptom profiles in social anxiety disorder: a person-centered data-analytic approach.

Panic attacks (PAs) are prevalent among individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), but the clinical utility of panic symptom profiles is unclear. The aims of the present investigation were to empirically define panic symptom profiles in a treatment-seeking sample of individuals with SAD (N = 280) and to assess the associations of observed panic symptom profiles with clinical features of SAD. Results of a latent class analysis revealed four distinct panic symptom profiles: low panic symptoms, high typical SAD-related panic, high cardiac sensations and paresthesias, and moderate panic. Comparisons of external validators across latent classes indicated that the classes were differentially associated with clinical features of SAD. The present findings suggest that individuals with SAD experience distinct patterns of panic symptoms that may be clinically useful in conducting diagnostic assessments and determining treatment targets.
Crash Reduction Factors for Deer-Vehicle Crash Countermeasures: State of the Knowledge and Suggested Safety Research Needs

A detailed critical evaluation of deer-vehicle crash (DVC) countermeasure safety analyses was completed during the past 3 years. Previous summaries of this literature did not focus on the adequacy or rigor of these analyses and generally repeated recommendations or based them on the exaggerated and sometimes incorrect safety impact conclusions presented in past documents. A comparison of past safety analysis designs and documentation with generally accepted transportation safety research standards was completed for 16 potential DVC countermeasures. The countermeasures were grouped into one classification system on the basis of the general safety result trends of past research and another system that used categories defined for the safety strategies used in the implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. All but two of the DVC countermeasures were grouped into the AASHTO categories of "tried" and "experimental." The proper implementation of wildlife fencing and crossings consistently result...
Tuberculosis of emphysematous bull

Summary A case of tuberculous infection of extensive emphysematous bull˦ is described. The X-ray appearances were difficult to interpret until a film prior to infection was found for comparison. The fatal outcome in this case is in contrast to the good prognosis in the eight other cases described by Rothstein, and is ascribed to the extensive original bullous changes, advanced age and poor general condition.
Kish, a source of crystalline graphite

Abstract The crystallographic characteristics and the form and distribution of impurities of kish graphite were investigated, demonstrating the ideal, or near-ideal, crystal structure of kish graphite. The impurity studies indicated that special attention is needed for the development of suitable and effective recovery procedures. Some flexible graphite sheets were also fabricated from kish graphite to demonstrate the potential of possible applications.
Lumino-Refrigeration: Deep Cooling Polar Molecules by Optical Pumping

Our ability to laser cool atoms depends on the availability of a closed-cycling transition that allows many successive photons to be scattered by the atom. By comparison, molecules have a richer internal structure that is an asset and a liability. It offers new degrees of freedom for exciting experiments but precludes a simple scheme for molecular laser cooling.
CREEKS, RUNS, AND HOLLOWS

Three samples of twenty drainage basins were analyzed to test the hypothesis that the generic terms “creeks,'’“runs,'’and “hollows'’connote streams of different size and velocity. Analysis of variance and Scheffe's test indicate the validity of a perceptual hierarchy among generics. It is suggested that other hierarchies may exist among geographically named features.
Coagulation protein function. III. Effect of acetaldehyde upon the activation of prothrombin.

Abstract When prothrombin is mixed with acetaldehyde (AcH), the primary metabolite of ethanol, at room temperature for 30 min, dialyzed to remove excess AcH, and then activated with Echis carinatus venom (ECV), a prolonged clotting time is observed. Similarly treated prothrombin, however, readily hydrolyzes the synthetic substrate, benzoyl-dl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (BANA). These results sugegst that AcH does not react with the catalytic site of thrombin, which is protected in the prothrombin molecule. However, it does react with susceptible sites of the prothrombin surface which remain alkylated during extensive dialysis to remove excess AcH and subsequent activation of the molecule by ECV. These alkylated sites on the newly formed thrombin molecule may inhibit or prevent the effective/efficient binding of fibrinogen at its binding sites, causing prolonged clotting times. The binding sites for accommodating fibrinogen on the thrombin molecule are apparently quite different from those that bind BANA. These data further suggest that prolonged clotting times that are reported in chronic alcoholics may be due, in part, to ready interaction of acetaldehyde with circulating prothrombin. Fibrinogen, which has been exposed to AcH and subsequently dialyzed to remove excess AcH, also responds with a prolonged clotting time in the presence of added thrombin, signifying that sites on fibrinogen that are essential for its function/conformation are susceptible to AcH.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

![Figure][1] A 63-year-old man with a history of end-stage renal disease and hypertension underwent a bone marrow biopsy for leukocytosis (white blood cells 19.5 × 109/L, monocytes 2.9 × 109/L) and anemia (hemoglobin 96 g/L). The bone marrow was hypercellular with features of a
Electronic coherence and collective optical excitations of conjugated molecules

Optical spectroscopy of conjugated molecules is described by using collective electronic coordinates, which represent the joint dynamics of electron-hole pairs. The approach relates the optical signals directly to the dynamics of charges and bond orders (electronic coherences) induced by the radiation field and uses only ground-state information, thus avoiding the explicit calculation of excited molecular states. The resulting real-space picture is reminiscent of the normal-mode analysis of molecular vibrations and offers a unified framework for the treatment of other types of systems including semiconductor nanostructures and biological complexes. Spatial coherence displayed in two-dimensional plots of the five electronic normal modes that dominate the optical response of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) oligomers with up to 50 repeat units (398 carbon atoms) in the 1.5- to 8-electronvolt frequency range suggests a saturation to bulk behavior at about five repeat units.
A theory on bubble-size dependence of the critical electrolyte concentration for inhibition of coalescence

Abstract The interaction of pairs of bubbles with equal diameters grown on adjacent capillaries in aqueous magnesium sulfate solutions is studied by varying electrolyte concentration and bubble diameter by Tsang, Koh and Koch [Y.H. Tsang, Y.-H. Koh, D.L. Koch, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 275 (2004) 290] (referred to as TKK hereafter). They find that the critical concentration to prevent coalescence, C t , increases as the equivalent diameter, d eq , decreases. In fact, C t is found to scale as d eq −1.2 . This dependence is stronger than that predicted by Prince and Blanch ( C t ∼ d eq −0.5 ) (referred to as PB [M.J. Prince, H.W. Blanch, AIChE J. 36 (1990) 1425] hereafter) on the basis of a postulation that lubrication pressure due to Marangoni stresses inhibit coalescence. TKK postulate instead that bubbles are stabilized by hydration structures. We further illustrate here that when hydration force term is added to the equation of motion of the film thinning process, predicted values of critical concentration are found to scale as d eq −1 . The current prediction shows a much better agreement with the experimental results than that proposed by PB. This suggests previous assumption that immobility of the interface by Marangoni effect as the dominant mechanism of inhibition of coalescence in an electrolytic solution is inaccurate [M.J. Prince, H.W. Blanch, AIChE J. 36 (1990) 1425, G. Marrucci, Chem. Eng. Sci. 24 (1969) 975].
Scalable ad hoc routing: the case for dynamic addressing

We show that the use of dynamic addressing can enable scalable routing in ad hoc networks. It is well known that the current ad hoc protocol suites do not scale to work efficiently in networks of more than a few hundred nodes. Most current ad hoc routing architectures use flat static addressing and thus, need to keep track of each node individually, creating a massive overhead problem as the network grows. Could dynamic addressing alleviate this problem? To begin to answer this question, we provide an initial design of a routing layer based on dynamic addressing, and evaluate its performance. Each node has a unique permanent identifier and a transient routing address, which indicates its location in the network at any given time. The main challenge is dynamic address allocation in the face of node mobility. We propose mechanisms to implement dynamic addressing efficiently. Our initial evaluation suggests that dynamic addressing is a promising approach for achieving scalable routing in meganode ad hoc networks.
Product Returns on the Internet: A Case of Mixed Signals?

Abstract In two studies, we investigate the interrelationship between return policy leniency and retailer quality. In the first study, we content analyze the return policies of e-tailers randomly selected from those listed at BizRate.com. Then we relate the return policy characteristics to these quality ratings. Consistent with signaling theory, we find that as the ratings of e-tailer quality increase, return policy leniency increases in non-consumable product categories. However, the positive quality/return policy leniency relationship does not hold in consumable product categories. In a follow-up experiment, we investigate how consumers interpret the return policy signal. Specifically, we find that consumers' ability to control their shopping experience and their general trust of e-tailers moderate their reactions to return policies that differ in leniency. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of this research.
Role of the Grb2-Associated Binder 1/SHP-2 Interaction in Cell Growth and Transformation

Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) is a docking protein that is tyrosine phosphorylated following the activation of multiple cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Its function then is to recruit and activate multiple signaling molecules. In our previous work, we showed that Gab1 enhances cell growth and induces the transformed phenotype in NIH3T3 cells downstream of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. In this report, we analyze how it produces these effects. Because SHP-2 is the major binding partner of Gab1, we mutated its binding site in the Gab1 cDNA (Gab1/DeltaSHP-2). This construct was stably overexpressed in NIH3T3 cells (3T3-Gab1/DeltaSHP-2) and in the wild-type Gab1 cDNA (3T3-Gab1) or an empty expression vector (3T3-CTR). Our findings show that after EGF stimulation, Gab1/DeltaSHP-2 has a higher level of tyrosine phosphorylation at early time points than Gab1. Gab1/DeltaSHP-2 recruits more phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase than Gab1 after EGF triggering, which accounts for a higher and more sustained AKT activation in 3T3-Gab1/DeltaSHP-2 cells relative to 3T3-Gab1 fibroblasts. Moreover, 3T3-Gab1/DeltaSHP-2 cells demonstrate a higher level of extracellular-regulated kinase 1 activation at early time points of EGF stimulation. However, there was an unexpected decrease in c-fos promoter induction in 3T3-Gab1/DeltaSHP-2 cells when compared with 3T3-Gab1 cells. Additionally, the 3T3-Gab1/DeltaSHP-2 cells show a reversion of the transformed phenotype, including fewer morphologic changes, an increase in stress fiber cytoskeletal organization, and a decrease in cell proliferation and anchorage independent growth. These results reveal that the Gab1/SHP-2 interaction is essential for cell growth and transformation but that this must occur through a novel pathway that is independent of extracellular-regulated kinase or AKT. On the basis of its role in growth and transformation, the Gab1/SHP-2 interaction may become an attractive target for the pharmacologic intervention of malignant cell growth.
Implementing Peer Led Team Learning in first-year programming courses

In the peer led team learning model (PLTL) many of the skills developed by students correlate well with desired learning outcomes in CSET programs. The authors report the results of a project to implement PLTL in introductory programming courses. An overview of the implementation model is provided, lessons learned are reported, and the assessment process and results are described. The research questions explored are: (1) What is the impact of the PLTL model on student skills and confidence regarding teamwork, leadership and communication? (2) How effective is PLTL in terms of building problem-solving skills in introductory programming? This project involved a pilot implementation followed by full implementation in the following year. Student peer leader surveys, along with a peer leader focus group, were used to analyze project impact and to plan for improvement in achieving the learning outcomes described above. Results indicate that students are satisfied with the peer led team learning model and that significant skill enhancement is occurring. In particular, a significant fraction of peer leaders in the second year of implementation came from those participating in the pilot.
Systemic therapy for disseminated basal cell carcinoma: An uncommon manifestation of a common cancer

While basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy, distant metastases from this are rare. Current therapy for disseminated BCC is based on anecdotal reports in the absence of clinical trials to guide management. For many years, platinum based cytotoxic chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment. Advances in the understanding of the biology of BCC have led to the development of targeted therapies (e.g. inhibitors of the hedgehog and the epidermal growth factor receptor pathways) that are currently being investigated in this disease. This review summarizes the available data on the epidemiology and management of disseminated BCC.
A family of all essential Radix-2 addition/subtraction multi-polarity transforms: algorithms and interpretations in Boolean domain

By investigating some families of elementary order-2 matrices, new transforms of real vectors are introduced. When used for Boolean function transformations these transforms are one-to-one mappings in a binary/ternary vector space. The concept of different polarities of considered arithmetic and adding transforms is introduced. The links of arithmetic and adding transforms with classical logic design are discussed. >
A quantum mechanical formulation of electron transport induced wind forces in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this paper the forces induced on the atoms of the lattice due an electric current (electron transport induced wind forces) are calculated based on quantum mechanics. These forces are calculated in metallic single-walled armchair carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from the momentum transfer between the charge carriers and the lattice in a quantum mechanical framework. Energy and phonon dispersion relations are the main input for the formulation proposed. Scattering of electrons with longitudinal acoustic and longitudinal optical phonons are considered to be the only scattering mechanisms that are responsible for the momentum exchange. The current–voltage characteristics are also predicted using the same framework and show good agreement with experimental data. The study shows that using the constant effective charge number for SWCNT is inaccurate at higher electric field forces due to saturation of the lowest energy subband. The thermal effect on the effective charge number appears to be very important, due to the increasing scattering probabilities at higher temperatures.
On Definitive Solutions of Strategic Games

In his dissertation of 1950, Nash based his concept of the solution to a game on the assumption that “a rational prediction should be unique, that the players should be able to deduce and make use of it”. We study when such definitive solutions exist for strategic games with ordinal payoffs. We offer a new, syntactic approach: instead of reasoning about the specific model of a game, we deduce properties of interest directly from the description of the game itself. This captures Nash’s deductive assumptions and helps to bridge a well-known gap between syntactic game descriptions and specific models which could require unwarranted additional epistemic assumptions, e.g., common knowledge of a model. We show that games without Nash equilibria do not have definitive solutions under any notion of rationality, but each Nash equilibrium can be a definitive solution for an appropriate refinement of Aumann rationality. With respect to Aumann rationality itself, games with multiple Nash equilibria cannot have definitive solutions. Some games with a unique Nash equilibrium have definitive solutions, others don’t, and the criterion for a definitive solution is provided by the iterated deletion of strictly dominated strategies.