cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation of galanin pathways across puberty in the male rat: galanin gene expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala.

Abstract Galanin and vasopressin are coexpressed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala of the male rat. In adult males, the level of gene expression for both peptides in these regions is dependent on circulating levels of testosterone. We hypothesized that galanin messenger RNA levels would be enhanced in adult males compared with prepubertal males due to the rise in plasma testosterone levels. We used in situ hybridization and quantitative autoradiography to measure galanin messenger RNA in cells of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala of prepubertal and adult male rats. Our results show that significantly ( P ⩽ 0.05) more galanin messenger RNA expressing neurons are detectable in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of adult compared with prepubertal male rats. In contrast, no differences were observed between the groups in the number of labeled neurons detected within the medial amygdala. However, the average labeling intensity was significantly enhanced in both the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ( P ⩽ 0.001) and medial amygdala ( P ⩽ 0.001) of adult compared with prepubertal animals. The present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that gonadal hormones regulate galanin gene expression in some brain regions and suggest that the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis which occurs naturally with puberty is associated with activation of galanin pathways in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala.
Properties of a Superconducting Niobium Test Cavity at 350 MHz

Measurements of Q-values as a function of heat treatment and rf field strength for a reentrant niobium test cavity having a gap of one cm indicated that the high field performance was limited by field emission at 25 MV/m peak 5urface field. Q-values at low power of 1.2 x 109 at 4 K and 7 x 109 at 2 K wepe degraded to 2 x 108 at 4 K and 3 x 108 at 2 K after rf processing. Excellent stability was obtained by mechanical control of the resonant frequency of the cavity using a piezoelectric motor made of quartz transducers. The fractional tuning rate of the uncontrolled cavity resonance was observed to be 1.7 x 10-6 per Torr.
Individual differences in aggressive responding to intravenous flumazenil administration in adult male parolees.

Nonhuman and human studies have shown that benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonists can modify aggressive behaviour. However, it is unknown whether flumazenil, a BZD receptor antagonist, enhances or inhibits aggressive behaviour.The present study was designed to investigate the effects of acute administrations of flumazenil on aggressive responding in adult humans.Six adult males with histories of childhood conduct disorder (DSM IV R) participated in experimental sessions. Aggression was measured using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP; Cherek 1992), which provided subjects with aggressive and monetary-reinforced response options.Acute doses of flumazenil (2 and 3mg) did not produce statistically significant changes in either monetary-reinforced responding or aggressive responding. The analysis of individual subjects data revealed that aggressive responses varied across subjects.The results are discussed in terms of individual differences based on the previous history of BZD abuse. Additional ...
Brain Death with Prolonged Somatic Survival

IT is widely held that in patients with brain death who are receiving continued ventilation and full medical care, spontaneous cessation of the heartbeat will ensue within a period of hours or a fe...
Abstract 403: Deletion of HBZ alters lymphomagenesis in HTLV-1 infected humanized SCID mice

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL), an aggressive, mature CD4+/CD25+ T-cell malignancy. The early molecular events induced by HTLV-1 infection as well as the role of various viral genes in the induction of leukemia remain unclear, predominantly due to the lack of an animal model that recapitulates ATL development. We have previously demonstrated that HTLV-1 is capable of infecting human hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (CD34+ HPCs). Humanized NOD/SCID (HU-SCID) mice generated by injection with HTLV-1-infected CD34+ HPCs demonstrate persistent infection and reproducibly develop CD4+ T-cell lymphomas (∼80%) with clinical characteristics associated with ATL. The HTLV-1 bZIP protein (HBZ) is consistently expressed in all ATL cells and has been implicated in the maintenance of leukemogenesis. HBZ has previously been demonstrated to modulate Tax activity and to interact with the cellular factors CREB, Jun and p53. Transduction of HBZ into CD34+ HP/HSCs using a lentivirus vector suppresses clonogenic colony formation in vitro. Moreover, infection of CD34+ HP/HSCs with an infectious proviral clone lacking functional HBZ (HTLV-1ΔHBZ) results in elevated clonogenic colony formation in vitro, suggesting that HBZ suppresses hematopoiesis. To establish the role of HBZ in HTLV-1 replication and leukemogenesis in vivo, HU-SCID mice were infected with an infectious proviral clone lacking functional HBZ (HTLV-1ΔHBZ). HTLV-1ΔHBZ-infected HU-SCID mice developed lymphoproliferations that were phenotypically characterized as a mixture of immature lymphoid progenitors (CD90+) and mature B-cells (CD19+) starting at ∼10 weeks post-reconstitution, in contrast to wild-type HTLV-1 infection. Lymphoproliferations induced by HTLV-1ΔHBZ successfully engraft and expand in naive NOD/SCID mice when injected into the peritoneal cavity and leukemic cells and lymphoma cells express HTLV-1 gp46env and p19gag. FACS-purified CD90+CD19− HTLV-1ΔHBZ infected cells also successfully engraft in naive NOD/SCID mice and mature into CD19+ cells suggesting that these cells may be leukemic progenitors with the capability of maturing in vivo. In addition, a majority of HTLV-1ΔHBZ-infected HU-SCID mice also develop a progressive, flaccid hind limb paralysis with features similar to the neurological disorder, HAM/TSP. These results suggest that HBZ is dispensable for HTLV-1 replication and modulates lymphomagenesis in the HU-SCID model. The humanized SCID mouse provides a novel in vivo platform for analysis of the role of HTLV-1 genes in viral replication and pathogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 403.
Phase 1 Testing of the Redundant Internal Mechanical Start System for the Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator Sets on the U.S. Navy’s DDG-51 Class Ships

The Redundant Independent Mechanical Start System (RIMSS) is a gas turbine powered, mechanically coupled start system for the Allison AG9140 Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator Sets (SSGTGs) of the U.S. Navy’s DDG-51 Class ships. The system will be original equipment on DDG-86 and follow. It will also be a candidate for backfit onto earlier DDG-51 Class ships.This paper describes RIMSS and details a very successful phase of the RIMSS program. All U.S. Navy testing was conducted on an Allison AG9140 located at the Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center-Ship Systems Engineering Station, DDG-51 Gas Turbine Ship Land Based Engineering Site (NSWCCD-SSES LBES), Figure 1. The test agenda included 516 SSGTG starts and 75 SSGTG motoring cycles. The primary goal was to validate engine life predictions for the Allison 250-C20B gas turbine engine in the RIMSS application. A secondary goal was to evaluate the overall RIMSS system during an extended period of operation.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Examining Rhodopsin Folding and Assembly through Expression of Polypeptide Fragments

Abstract Previous work on the expression of bovine opsin fragments separated in the cytoplasmic region has allowed the identification of specific polypeptide segments that contain sufficient information to fold independently, insert into a membrane, and assemble to form a functional photoreceptor. To further examine the contributions of these and other polypeptide segments to the mechanism of opsin folding and assembly, we have constructed 20 additional opsin gene fragments where the points of separation occur in the intradiscal, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic regions. Nineteen of these fragments were stably expressed in COS-1 cells. A five-helix fragment was stably produced only after coexpression with its complementary two-helix fragment. Two fragments composed of the amino-terminal region and the first transmembrane helix were not N-glycosylated and were only partially membrane integrated. One of the singly expressed fragments, which is truncated after the retinal attachment site, bound 11-cis-retinal. Of the coexpressed complementary fragments, only those separated in the second intradiscal and third cytoplasmic regions formed noncovalently linked rhodopsins. Both of these pigments showed reduced transducin activation. Therefore, while many opsin fragments contain enough information to fold and insert into a membrane, only those separated at specific locations assemble to a retinal-binding opsin.
Concepts of Death Among Professional Alpine Climbers: Continuing Risk Behaviors in the Face of Death

Alpine climbing in the US has increased in popularity since the 1970s and despite the high objective risk involved it has continued to find new devotees. For professionals involved in this sport, the risks are encountered through near-death experiences and the real deaths of close friends. This essay uses interviews with climbers in the state of Washington, discussing their experiences with death, and uses written accounts. First, I discuss the many risks involved in climbing and how these risks are perceived and accepted by climbers. Next, 1 look at the immediate reaction to alpine deaths, and finally, to the long term effects on the lives and climbing practices of this group. Despite repeated confrontations with death, all informants continue exposing themselves to these risks. Every year more and more acquaintances die while the ideas and values that these climbers hold allow them to resist the fear of their own death and continue to climb. Keywords: death, risk-taking, sports.
A Lie-theoretic Galois theory for the spectral curves of an integrable system. I

In the study of integrable systems of ODE's arising from a Lax pair with a parameter, the constants of the motion occur as spectral curves. The specific curves depend upon the representation of the Lie algebra. In this paper a Galois theory of spectral curves is given that classifies the spectral curves from an integrable system. The spectral curves correspond to conjugacy classes of certain subgroups of the Weyl group for the Lie algebra. The theory is illustrated with the periodic Toda lattice.
New materials at high pressure

The application of pressure offers a means by which the electronic structure of solids may be dramatically altered, often causing one or more structural phase transitions at pressures easily accessible in the laboratory. Each new high pressure phase is in effect a new material with potentially new and interesting properties. Not only are such new phases of interest in their own right, but they also offer insight into possible structures that might occur in other materials at atmospheric pressure. Recent work on the compressed alkali, alkaline earth, rare earth, rare gas, and nitrogen solids is reviewed here with attention where possible to analogous phases known to exist at atmospheric pressure.
Normal breathing requires preBötzinger complex neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons

The normal breathing rhythm in mammals is hypothesized to be generated by neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R)-expressing neurons in the preBotzinger complex (preBotC), a medullary region proposed to contain the kernel of the circuits generating respiration. If this hypothesis is correct, then complete destruction of preBotC NK1R neurons should severely perturb and perhaps even fatally arrest breathing. Here we show that specific and near complete bilateral (but not unilateral) destruction of preBotC NK1R neurons results in both an ataxic breathing pattern with markedly altered blood gases and pH, and pathological responses to challenges such as hyperoxia, hypoxia and anesthesia. Thus, these ∼600 neurons seem necessary for the generation of normal breathing in rats.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Adaptive Systems

A method was developed to produce a set of consistent and independent characteristics of adaptive systems. Previous work identified human performance risks and benefits of adaptive systems through a systematic analysis of 25 characteristics. A potential limitation of the original analysis was the reliance on 25 characteristics that were potentially inconsistent. It could be that some characteristics were redundant, thereby giving more weight to the riskier characteristics, and increasing the average risk rating. A method was developed to evaluate each of the characteristics from a usability perspective. The results were then used to generate a Pearson's rank correlation of each pair wise combination of characteristics. The utility of the method was triage for identifying those pair wise comparisons needing further human factors analysis without having to consider each combination. A final set of seven consistent and independent characteristics were defined.
The vibrational spectra of crystalline sulfamide and deutero-sulfamide

Abstract The infrared spectra of thin sublimed films of sulfamide and deutero-sulfamide have been studied at room temperature, −78°C and −190°C in the range 5000-300 cm −1 . The spectra can satisfactorily be interpreted on the basis of the molecular model, (NH 2 ) 2 SO 2 , with site symmetry C 2 but nearly C 2ν in agreement with the X-ray results. No indications of the ionic, NH 3 +(NH)SO − 2 , or the iso amidic, NH 2 (NH)S(O)OH, forms were observed in the solid state spectra, although polymerization occurred. The assignments given are consistent with the results of a normal coordinate treatment using a simple valence force potential function. Partial double bonding of the SN bonds is shown by the higher frequencies and force constants for the SN 2 stretching modes relative to related SN bonds. Only moderate hydrogen bonding, 3–5 kcal/mole, is indicated and participation of all H-atoms in the hydrogen bonding is suggested.
On the lack of inotropy of cardiac glycosides on skeletal muscle: a comparison of Na+, K+-ATPases from skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Abstract Comparison of Na,K-ATPase from skeletal and cardiac muscle revealed that, although the skeletal muscle enzyme was only slightly less sensitive to inhibition by ouabain, the rates of [ 3 H]ouabain binding to, and dissociation from, the skeletal enzyme were much faster than the corresponding rates for the cardiac enzyme. The skeletal muscle enzyme required higher concentrations of potassium to stabilize the ouabainenzyme complex and to stimulate the K + -phosphatase activity. The K + -phosphatase activity was only 8% of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the skeletal muscle enzyme, compared to 22% for the cardiac preparation. The glycoprotein subunit found in Na,K-ATPases from cardiac and many other tissues appeared to be absent in the enzyme from skeletal muscle. The differences in binding and dissociation rates for ouabain suggest that there may be significant differences in the structure of the digitalis receptor in the two enzymes. The I 50 for ouabain inhibition of the skeletal muscle Na,K-ATPase was, however, only slightly higher than for the cardiac enzyme, suggesting that the lack of an inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides on skeletal muscle could not be due to failure of the digitalis drugs to bind to and inhibit the membrane-linked sodium pump.
Managing Data and Information Quality in Outbound Transportation Systems: A Systematic Approach

Using an interpretive case study approach, this paper describes the data quality problems in two companies: (1) a global wholesale technology distributor, referred to as (GWTD), and (2) a global exporter of hardwoods (GEH). These two interpretive cases examine the outbound transportation system of these two companies. Specifically, the issues examined are GWTDâ€™s freight bill audit and payment process and GEHâ€™s transportation coordination system. A data and information quality (DIQ) assessment of the freight bill audit and payment process, using a framework referred to as PGOT, demonstrates how the framework can identify improvement opportunities within any information intensive environment. Data quality problems within key processes were identified during the assessment, and their implications are described. This paper provides recommendations for DIQ best practices, and illustrates these best practices within this real world context of outbound transportation.
Signaling by phosphoinositide-3,4,5-trisphosphate through proteins containing pleckstrin and Sec7 homology domains.

Signal transmission by many cell surface receptors results in the activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinases that phosphorylate the 3′ position of polyphosphoinositides. From a screen for mouse proteins that bind phosphoinositides, the protein GRP1 was identified. GRP1 binds phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] through a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and displays a region of high sequence similarity to the yeast Sec7 protein. The PH domain of the closely related protein cytohesin-1, which, through its Sec7 homology domain, regulates integrin β2 and catalyzes guanine nucleotide exchange of the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein ARF1, was also found to specifically bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. GRP1 and cytohesin-1 appear to connect receptor-activated PI 3-kinase signaling pathways with proteins that mediate biological responses such as cell adhesion and membrane trafficking.
Distinguishing between recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic rejection.

Key Concepts: 1 Recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish from other causes of biliary strictures or sclerosing cholangitis in allografts using needle biopsy evaluation alone. Technical problems with biliary reconstruction, long cold ischemic times, non-heart beating donors, ABO blood group incompatibility, antibody-mediated rejection, and small-for-size syndrome in reduced-size or living donor livers can also cause similar manifestations in a peripheral core biopsy. 2 Some difficulties in distinguishing between sclerosing cholangitis and chronic rejection (CR) arise because: a) at risk populations are similar; b) both can cause “cholestatic” elevation of liver injury tests; and c) both can lead to intrahepatic cholestasis and small bile duct loss. 3 Etiopathogenesis and pathology of CR and sclerosing cholangitis have some overlapping features, but show distinct differences that result in significantly different and discriminating pathologic manifestations. 4 Clues in the clinical history, evaluation of serial biopsies, and histopathology can be used to distinguish with confidence between sclerosing cholangitis and CR. 5 Potential discriminating features include liver size and gross appearance, and histopathology findings in the arterial tree, hilar lymph nodes, large and small bile ducts, interface zone, lobular, and perivenular regions. Liver Transpl 12:S68–S72, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Continuum model of abrasive layer in an abrasive wear test

Abstract In order to find out the relationship between driving torque and thickness of abrasive layer of a three-body abrasive wear system, a continuum model of abrasive layer was proposed. The model is based on the assumption of continuum of abrasive particles and a continuous contact pressure distribution was obtained. A sand crushing test was designed to get compressive behavior of the abrasive layer. The test was used to understand the loading–unloading–reloading behavior and the constitutive relationship between compressive displacement and compressive loading. The macro-contact pressure distribution of the abrasive wear between the cylinder–cylinder and cylinder–plane was obtained based on the sand compressive behavior. With the sand compressive behavior, an FEA model has been built for ring-on-ring abrasive wear test machine to simulate the normal contact pressure distribution and friction force. To verify the model, a set of experiments was conducted. Quartz sands were used as abrasives in the analysis and test. The measurement of torque accorded well with model prediction. With this model, only a simple sand crushing test is needed to obtain the relationship between driving torque and thickness of abrasive layer which is important for wear prediction of a three-body abrasive wear system.
s-and t-channel helicity conservation of pion induced nucleon diffraction dissociation at 3.9 GeV/c and the implications of a two-component model

Abstract A study of schannel and t-channel helicity conservation has been carried out on a prism plot separated sample of 3.9 GeV/c π±p → π (Nπ)dd diffraction dissociation events. s-channel helicity conservation is found to be strongly violated while t-channel helicity conservation is found to be mildly violated. These results are similar to that found at 11.7 GeV/c. We explain these violations on the basis of a “two-component model” of which the first component is a single exchange amplitude. We postulate that this amplitude is the generalization of the pomeron exchange amplitude which may conserve s-channel helicity. The second component of the model is a double exchange mechanism which strongly violates s-channel helicity. The predictions of this model agree with the experimental data.
Science Signaling Podcast: 1 October 2013

This Podcast features an interview with Carlos Gorbea, author of a Research Article that appears in the 1 October 2013 issue of Science Signaling on the role of proteasomes in TLR3 signaling. TLR3 is a member of the Toll-like receptor family, which is a group of related receptors that detect the presence of pathogens and trigger innate immune responses. TLR3 is localized to endosomes and activated by binding to double-stranded RNA, which is the genetic material of some viruses. Gorbea and colleagues found that depletion of Ecm29, which is an adaptor protein associated with a subset of 26 S proteasomes, increased TLR3 signaling by inhibiting both the proteasomal degradation of TLR3 effectors and the autophagic degradation of TLR3 and TLR3 effectors.
Design and Implementation of a Middleware for Sentient Spaces

Surveillance is an important task for guaranteeing the security of individuals. Being able to intelligently monitor the activity in given spaces is essential to achieve such surveillance. Sentient spaces based on a large set of sensors provide the potential for such intelligent monitoring. However, heavily instrumenting a space with sensors it is not enough to build a sentient space. One needs a software architecture that allows programming all these sensors in a transparent and efficient manner. In this paper, we present SATware, a stream acquisition and transformation middleware we are developing to analyze, query, and transform multimodal sensor data streams to facilitate flexible development of sentient environments. SATware provides a powerful application development environment in which users (i.e., application builders) can focus on the specifics of the application without having to deal with the technical peculiarities of accessing a large number of diverse sensors via different protocols.
Kinetics of grain boundary migration in dilute CuSi bicrystals

Abstract Kinetics of grain boundary migration in dilute copper-silicon bicrystals have been investigated by the reversed-capillary technique at temperatures and silicon solute additions ranging from 275–400°C and 50–680 ppm, respectively. Grain boundary displacements increase with increasing time and temperature and are characterized by an apparent activation energy, which increases from 27 to 35 kCal/mole with increasing silicon content. Results are in excellent quantitative agreement with theories of grain boundary migration and indicate that the controlling mechanism is thermally activated transport of silicon across the moving boundary.
An empirical investigation of the pollution haven effect with strategic environment and trade policy

Abstract Using a new dataset on the stringency and enforcement of environmental policy, this study is the first to find robust confirmation of a pollution haven effect in a cross-country context by accounting for strategically determined environment, trade, and intellectual property right (IPR) policies. A simple game theoretic approach to policy determination is described which suggests an identification strategy based on other country characteristics. It is found that for the top 20th percentile of countries in terms of growth in U.S multinational affiliate value added, as much as 8.6% of that growth between 1999 and 2003 can be attributed to declining relative stringency and enforcement of environmental policy. The results are robust to a number of identification tests, weak IV tests, and third country spatial effects. Further, evidence is found that relatively ‘footloose’ industries are more likely to be affected by environmental policy than more traditionally ‘dirty’ industries and enforcement of environmental policies tends to be a more important deterrent than the stringency of the policy set.
Sulfur isotope systematics of the 1982 El Chichón trachyandesite: an ion microprobe study

Abstract Sulfur isotopic compositions were determined by ion microprobe for 36 spots on anhydrite crystals in trachyandesitic pumices erupted from El Chichon Volcano in 1982. Individual anhydrite crystals are homogeneous in δ 34 S, within the ±1‰ (2σ) uncertainty of the method, but crystal-to-crystal variations are large (+2.5 to +10.9‰). The mean δ 34 S for anhydrite (+6.4 ± 2.1‰, 1σ) is significantly lower than earlier results for bulk anhydrite separates (+9.0 to +9.2‰). The difference between the mean δ 34 S values in these two populations may reflect a grain-size effect, with heavier sulfur concentrated in smaller anhydrite crystals, few of which were analyzed by ion microprobe. Variations in δ 34 S show no correlation with complex textures in anhydrite revealed by cathodoluminescence color. Ion-microprobe analyses of δ 34 S were also obtained on six ovoid-shaped inclusions of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and/or intermediate sulfide solid solution hosted by silicate or oxide crystals, interpreted to be magmatic (δ 34 S = −0.1 to +2.7‰; mean +0.7‰), and on four irregularly shaped multiphase sulfide fragments in the matrix, interpreted as xenocrystic, which range widely in δ 34 S (−3.7 to +5.5‰). We evaluate four different mixing scenarios involving (1) magmatic anhydrite and sedimentary sulfate, (2) magmatic anhydrite and hydrothermal anhydrite, and anhydrite and coexisting sulfide crystals precipitated in different domains of a common magma reservoir that were affected by (3) different degrees of degassing or (4) different degrees of crustal sulfur contamination. The model involving physical contamination of sedimentary sulfate is considered untenable. The other three models are considered to be viable, but none of them can explain all observations. The results of this study and other recent investigations prompt a re-evaluation of the sulfur budget for the 1982 El Chichon eruption. We estimate that 2.2 × 10 13 g of S was emitted, and that 58 wt.% of the sulfur was present as anhydrite prior to eruption, with the remainder in a vapor phase, with H 2 S/SO 2 ≈ 9. The bulk magmatic δ 34 S value for the 1982 El Chichon trachyandesite is estimated as +4.1 to +5.8‰, typical of the relatively heavy sulfur isotopic compositions that characterize subduction-related magmas.
Models for Color Centers in Smoky Quartz

In natural smoky quartz and quartz made smoky by ionizing radiation, three resolved optical absorption bands appear, A1, A2, and A3, that relate in some way to Al3+ impurity in a Si4+ site. The A3 band is related to the center proposed by Griffiths, Owens and Ward, by Nassau and Prescott, a trapped hole on an oxygen attached to a substitutional aluminum impurity. Based on analogies to H and H centers in soda–silica glass, it is suggested that the A1 and A2 bands are related to centers that complete the triad: A1 to a center consisting of three non-bonded oxygens attached to the aluminum with a trapped hole related to them; A2 to a center consisting of two non-bonded oxygens attached to aluminum with a trapped hole related. The B band accompanying the A bands is similar to the E band from a trapped electron center in soda-silica glass. It is suggested that this center causing B is a trapped electron related to two non-bonded oxygens at a tetrahedral site. In naturlichem Rauchquarz und in durch ionisierende Strahlung verfarbtem Quarz treten drei aufgeloste optische Absorptionsbanden A1, A2 und A3 auf, die in bestimmter Weise mit Al3+-Storstellen auf einen Si4+-Platz verknupft sind. Die A3-Bande wird von Nassau und Prescott mit dem von Griffiths, Owens und Ward vorgeschlagenem Zentrum in Beziehung gebracht, ein getraptes Loch an einem Sauerstoffatom an einer Aluminiumsubstitutionsstorstelle. Auf der Grundlage von Analogien mit H- und H-Zentren in Soda–Silikaglasern wird vorgeschlagen, das die A und A2-Bande mit Zentren verknupft sind, die die Triade vervollstandigen: A1 mit einem Zentrum, das aus drei nichtbindenden Sauerstoffatomen besteht, fixiert an Aluminium mit einem getrappten Loch, A2 mit einem Zentrum mit zwei nichtbindenden Sauerstoffatomen, fixiert an Aluminium mit einem getrapten Loch. Die die A-Banden begleitende B-Bande ist der E-Bande ahnlich, die von einem Elektronentrap-Zentrum in Soda-Silika-Glasern herruhrt. Es wird vorgeschlagen, das das die B-Bande verursachende Zentrum ein getraptes Elektron ist, das an zwei nichtbindende Sauerstoffatome auf einen Tetraederplatz gebunden ist.
Calculated Axial Forces at the Knee in Total Knee Replacement Patients During Chair and Stair Activities

Knowledge of in vivo knee contact forces is essential for evaluating total knee replacement (TKR) designs. This is particularly true for activities other than walking, because there is still a limited understanding of its impact on wear. It has been shown that wear scars from retrieved implants have obvious differences compared with simulator tested components in both size of worn area and in damage mode. The divergence could be related to the omission of other activities than walking when testing components in the simulator. The purpose of this study was to use a parametric numerical model for predicting joint contact forces during stair ascent/descent and chair sitting/rising and compare those to measured forces from a database. We hypothesized that the contact force output of the numeric model would be similar to the measured forces.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Changes in the 31P NMR spectrum of rabbit muscle myosin subfragment 1. MgADP with temperature.

In pioneering studies on the 31P NMR spectra of MgADP bound to the "molecular motor" myosin subfragment 1 (S1) in the temperature range of 0 to 25 degrees C, Shriver and Sykes [Biochemistry 20 (1981) 2004-2012/6357-6362; Biochemistry 21 (1982) 3022-3028], proposed that MgADP binds to myosin S1 as a mixture of two interconvertible conformers with different chemical shifts for the beta-P resonance of the S1-bound MgADP and that the concentrations of these conformers are related by an equilibrium constant K(T). Their model implied that the weighted average of the chemical shifts of the beta-P(MgADP) for S1-bound MgADP asymptotically approaches a high temperature limit. Here, and in our earlier paper [K. Konno, K. Ue, M. Khoroshev, H., Martinez, B.D. Ray, M.F. Morales, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 (2000) 1461-1466], we report experimental similarities to Shriver and Sykes, but diverge from them (especially at 0 degrees C) in not finding two distinct peaks and in finding that the average chemical shift does not change with temperature. Our observations can be explained by chemical exchange of beta-P(MgADP) of S1-bound MgADP between two nearly energetically equivalent environments.
Do statistics ever lie

Abstract Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 8 (October), 2002: pp 823
Spinning yarn from long carbon nanotube arrays

Spinning carbon nanotube (CNT) thread directly from 4–6 mm long aligned carbon nanotube arrays is reported here. The strength of carbon nanotube thread was improved by optimizing the chemical vapor deposition parameters for growing long aligned carbon nanotube arrays. The morphological and structural characterization of CNT arrays and threads were studied by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. After optimization of growth parameters threads were spun with diameters between 10 and 70 μm. We have achieved thread strength of about 280 MPa.
P-16: Augmented View for Tunnel Vision: Device Testing by Patients in Real Environments

ion device for patients with severely restricted peripheral visual field (tunnel vision) was proposed, combining a see-through HMD and minified contour detection. Implemented commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) configurations were tested in real environments by Retinitis Pigmentosa patients and normally sighted subjects. 1. Objective and Background
Construction of a robust adaptive regulator for time‐varying discrete time systems

A robust adaptive regulator is constructed for single-input/single-output discrete time systems modelled by a linear time-varying difference equation that includes an error term to incorporate model errors and/or disturbances. It is assumed that the parameters of the nominal model belong to a known bounded convex set and that the ‘frozen time’ nominal model is stabilizable for all possible parameter values. The estimation of the parameters of the nominal model is carried out using a standard gradient-type algorithm with a projection operation. An adaptive regulator is then constructed from the solution to a finite time Riccati equation. It is shown that the resulting closed-loop system is globally stable if the mean of the parameter time variations is sufficiently small and if the model error is sufficiently small, but where the disturbances applied to the plant may be arbitrarily large.
Police-Reporting Behavior and Victim-Police Interactions as Described by Women in a Domestic Violence Shelter:

Previous research has addressed the motivations of domestic violence victims to contact police and police responses to domestic violence calls. In a study of 498 women who entered a battered women's shelter, a questionnaire was used to elicit types of abuse they experienced, police contact, and police-victim interactions. Approximately 58% of victims called the police in response to physical, emotional, and other forms of domestic abuse; however, less than one fourth of the batterers were arrested. Batterers who physically abused their victims or used other forms of abuse such as sexual abuse or stalking were more frequently arrested compared to those batterers who used emotional abuse. The women arrested for domestic violence felt that they had acted in self-defense. These results suggest that the police response to domestic violence is variable and the majority of batterers, regardless of type of abuse, may not be receiving any legal or therapeutic intervention.
Anthropological Research in Major Corporations: Work Products of the Industrial Domain

Employment patterns in anthropology have shifted markedly over the past 25 years, with increasing numbers of professionals working full-time in a wide range of non-academic settings. Recent survey results show that more than one-half (51%) of employed, newly graduating Ph.D's now work as non-academic practitioners. As part of an overall effort to learn more about the work of practitioners, and to increase understanding and communication between the academic and practitioner arms of the discipline, the National Association for the Practice of Anthropology (NAPA) recently sponsored an invited symposium entitled “Anthropological Research in Major Corporations” (held at the 1985 Annual Meetings of the American Anthropological Association in Washington D.C.) The specific objectives of the symposium were to explore the application of anthropological methods and concepts in modern industrial research, to generate interest in business and industrial anthropology, and to demonstrate the relevance of such work to important organizational and social problems. The current volume of Central Issues in Antrhopology features four papers that initially were presented as part of the NAPA symposium. These papers reflect anthropological practice in several major industries (e.g., automobile manufacture, computer technology, health care) and represent the work of practioners across a range of subdisciplines (e.g., cultural, linguistic, and biological anthropology.) This introductory overview by the symposium organizer provides background information and a rationale for the symposium, and considers the four papers as products of contemporary anthropological research in industry. Special attention is given to several differences between academic and industrial research (i.e. differences in research objects, locus of authority, and system of peer evaluation), especially as such differences are reflected in the present collections. Differences in university and corporate environments account for much of the variance in research products emerging from these two domains, however it is concluded that anthropologists across domains share the mission of inductive discovery through unique approaches to the conceptualization of problems, the elicitation of data, and the interpretation of social phenomena.
Renewing Kenneth Burke’s “Plea for the Shakespearean Drama”

This article surveys the criticism of the American writer Kenneth Burke (1897–1993), who composed several landmark essays on Shakespeare’s plays and poems throughout his lengthy career. His early writings examined the structures of scenes and the rhetorical appeals of characters, whereas his later pieces ambitiously articulated a ‘recipe’ for Shakespearean drama itself, in the spirit of Aristotle’s Poetics. Burke’s interpretations of Shakespeare anticipated many contemporary academic approaches, as he blended formalist, historical, materialist, psychoanalytic, and sociological critiques of literature. His interpretations continue to be influential, particularly in the United States (although his precedent is typically acknowledged through indirection). As a maverick intellectual, Burke remains difficult to place within the genealogy of literary criticism, as much for his stylistic voice as for ideological reasons.
Bushmeat and the fate of trees with seeds dispersed by large primates in a lowland rain forest in western Amazonia

In Neotropical forests, large fruit-eating primates play important ecological roles as dispersal agents of large seeds. Bushmeat hunting threatens to disrupt populations of primates and large-seeded trees. We test the hypothesis that otherwise intact Neotropical forests with depressed populations of large primates experience decline in recruitment of large-seeded trees. We quantify the proportion of small juveniles (> 0.5 m tall–1 cm diameter at breast height, DBH) of large primate-dispersed tree species found underneath heterospecifc trees that are also dispersed by large primates at two protected sites in Manu National Park and one hunte ds ite outside Manu N.P. in southeastern Peru. The forests are comparable in edaphic and climatic qualities, successional stage, and adult tree species composition. We found that hunting locally exterminates populations of large primates, and reduced primates of intermediate body size (hereafter “medium primates”) by 80 percent. Moreover, tree species richness was 55 percent lower and density of species dispersed by large and medium-bodied primates 60 percent lower in hunted than in protected sites. In addition, richness and density of abiotically dispersed species and plants dispersed by non-game animals are greater in hunted sites. Overhunting threatens to disrupt the ecological interactions between primates and the plants that rely on them for seed dispersal and recruitment. Sustainable wildlife management plans are urgently needed, because protected areas are at risk of becoming “island” parks if buffer zones become empty of animals and have impoverished flora.
Fetus in Fetu

Fetus in fetu is a congenital abnormality in which a nonviable, parasitic fetus grows within its twin. It is a rare cause of retroperitoneal abdominal mass in infants and children. The authors repo...
The future vision of simulation in health care

Simulation is a technique-not a technology-to replace or amplify real experiences with guided experiences that evoke or replicate substantial aspects of the real world in a fully interactive manner. The diverse applications of simulation in health care can be categorised by 11 dimensions: aims and purposes of the simulation activity; unit of participation; experience level of participants; health care domain; professional discipline of participants; type of knowledge, skill, attitudes, or behaviours addressed; the simulated patient's age; technology applicable or required; site of simulation; extent of direct participation; and method of feedback used. Using simulation to improve safety will require full integration of its applications into the routine structures and practices of health care. The costs and benefits of simulation are difficult to determine, especially for the most challenging applications, where long term use may be required. Various driving forces and implementation mechanisms can be expected to propel simulation forward, including professional societies, liability insurers, health care payers, and ultimately the public. The future of simulation in health care depends on the commitment and ingenuity of the health care simulation community to see that improved patient safety using this tool becomes a reality.
Modified ridge analyses under nonstandard

A well-known procedure for the optimization of a second-degree response function over a spherical region of interest is that of ridge analysis. Khuri and Myers (1979) introduced a modification of this procedure by incorporating a certain constraint on the prediction variance. Both procedures, however, assume that the response variable has a constant variance throughtout the experimental region. In the present article, we consider two extensions to Khuri and Myers modifioed ridge analysis. The first extension relaxes the constant variance assumption. In the second extension. generalised linear models are used instead of the trasitional linear model. which are commenly used in responce variables that are not necessaily continusly distribution, including these have discreate distributions, Two examples are presented to illustrate the implementation of the proposed extensions.
Lower body negative pressure: a test of cardiovascular autonomic function.

Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) may provide an alternative test of cardiovascular autonomic function for patients unable to perform the Valsalva maneuver (VM). LBNP at -40 mmHg for 30 s was compared to the VM at 40 mmHg for 15 s with heart rate and blood pressure measured continuously in three age groups: 10-25 years; 26-40 years; and 41-55 years. Heart rate and blood pressure responses were comparable, with moderately diminished changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the LBNP test. When heart response to LBNP was converted to a ratio similar to that calculated for the VM, a high degree of correlation was found (R(2) = 0.5711). The LBNP test shows promise as an alternative test of cardiovascular autonomic function based on studies in normal subjects. The less marked changes may relate to the more passive nature of the applied stress. Future work should improve the device's accessibility and establish values for patients with autonomic disorders.
The application of eye movement biometrics in the automated detection of mild traumatic brain injury

This paper presents a pilot study for the automated detection of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) via the application of eye movement biometrics. Biometric feature vectors from multiple paradigms are evaluated for their ability to differentiate subjects diagnosed with mTBI from healthy subjects within a small subject pool. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques were applied to the problem, with preliminary results indicating a potential 100% classification accuracy from a supervised learning technique and 89% classification accuracy from an unsupervised technique.
Modeling animal-vehicle collisions using diagonal inflated bivariate Poisson regression.

Two types of animal-vehicle collision (AVC) data are commonly adopted for AVC-related risk analysis research: reported AVC data and carcass removal data. One issue with these two data sets is that they were found to have significant discrepancies by previous studies. In order to model these two types of data together and provide a better understanding of highway AVCs, this study adopts a diagonal inflated bivariate Poisson regression method, an inflated version of bivariate Poisson regression model, to fit the reported AVC and carcass removal data sets collected in Washington State during 2002-2006. The diagonal inflated bivariate Poisson model not only can model paired data with correlation, but also handle under- or over-dispersed data sets as well. Compared with three other types of models, double Poisson, bivariate Poisson, and zero-inflated double Poisson, the diagonal inflated bivariate Poisson model demonstrates its capability of fitting two data sets with remarkable overlapping portions resulting from the same stochastic process. Therefore, the diagonal inflated bivariate Poisson model provides researchers a new approach to investigating AVCs from a different perspective involving the three distribution parameters (λ(1), λ(2) and λ(3)). The modeling results show the impacts of traffic elements, geometric design and geographic characteristics on the occurrences of both reported AVC and carcass removal data. It is found that the increase of some associated factors, such as speed limit, annual average daily traffic, and shoulder width, will increase the numbers of reported AVCs and carcass removals. Conversely, the presence of some geometric factors, such as rolling and mountainous terrain, will decrease the number of reported AVCs. Language: en
An intelligent circuit analysis module to analyze student queries in the universal virtual laboratory

This paper presents an intelligent circuit analysis module that is capable of analyzing electrical circuits and determining equivalence. We discuss the module in context of a National Science Foundation funded project - universal virtual laboratory (UVL). UVL is a virtual electrical engineering laboratory for able and disabled individuals to construct, simulate and understand the characteristics of basic electrical circuits. This paper discusses the development of an intelligent circuit analysis module called the circuit recognizer (CR). The CR is a program that has knowledge of circuit theory concepts, and is capable of using this knowledge to provide assistance to a student while he/she is performing the experiments in UVL. While verifying circuit configuration it identifies errors and provides explanations that guide the student to a better understanding of the experiment. The ultimate objective of the CR is to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching strategies employed within the UVL as well as to enhance the learning abilities of students
Interaction between reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the microvascular response to systemic hypoxia.

Systemic hypoxia results in oxidative stress due to a change in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-nitric oxide (NO) balance. These experiments explored two mechanisms for the altered ROS-NO balance...