cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An ( S -1, S ) inventory system with emergency orders

In this paper, we develop an approximate model of an inventory control system in which there exist two options for resupply, with one having a shorter lead-time. We assume that demand and the fixed ordering costs are small relative to the holding cost so that a one-for-one ordering policy is appropriate. We consider a policy for placing emergency orders that uses information about the age of outstanding orders. We derive the steady-state behavior of this policy and present some computational results.
Effluent Monitoring by Repetitive Injection Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry

A small volume gas chromatograph (GC) oven and interface that permits repetitive separation and mass spectrometric analysis of effluents are described. Volatile products formed during the thermal analysis of solid samples are separated and identified by employing repetitive temperature program capillary GC with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Thermal analysis effluent sampling intervals of a few minutes are achieved by using liquid nitrogen to cool the GC column between separations. A filtering algorithm that extracts MS information for selected species from multiple GC-MS chromatograms is also described. The algorithm simplifies the task of finding chromatographic peaks that correspond to the same eluent. After species-specific peaks are identified, they are integrated to create evolution temperature profiles that reflect changes in the effluent component concentrations.
Ambient Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentrations in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence for Insulin Resistance*

Plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations were determined in 15 normal subjects and 15 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) from 0800 to 1600 h. Breakfast and lunch were consumed at 0800 and 1200 h, respectively, and plasma concentrations were measured at hourly intervals from 0800-1600 h. Plasma glucose concentrations between 0800 and 1600 h were significantly elevated in patients with NIDDM, and the higher the fasting glucose level, the greater the postprandial hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in patients with NIDDM was associated with plasma insulin levels that were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those in normal subjects, and substantial hyperinsulinemia occurred between 0800 and 1600 h in patients with mild NIDDM (fasting plasma glucose concentrations, less than 140 mg/dl). Both fasting and postprandial FFA levels were also increased in patients with NIDDM (P less than 0.001), and the greater the plasma glucose response, the higher the FFA response (r = 0.70; P less than 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between plasma insulin and FFA concentrations. More specifically, hyperinsulinemic patients with mild diabetes (fasting plasma glucose, less than 140 mg/dl) maintained normal ambient FFA levels, while FFA concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with severe NIDDM (fasting plasma glucose, greater than 250 mg/dl), with insulin concentrations comparable to those in normal subjects. These results demonstrate that patients with NIDDM are not capable of maintaining normal plasma FFA concentrations. This defect in FFA metabolism is proportionate to the magnitude of hyperglycemia and occurs despite the presence of elevated levels of plasma insulin. These results are consistent with the view that insulin resistance in NIDDM also involves the ability of insulin to regulate FFA metabolism.
The Morphogeny of the Capillary Vascular Lesions of Diabetes

Highly characteristic if not strictly specific alterations affect retinal and glomerular capillaries in patients with long-term diabetes. The morphologic characteristics of these lesions distinguish degenerative vascular disease in diabetic patients from that in nondiabetic individuals. Their presence differentiates the pattern of vascular degeneration in the retina and kidney from that so far demonstrated anatomically elsewhere in diabetic patients in whom these characteristic lesions occur. While there is disagreement among authorities, some regard the development of capillary lesions as an integral component and inevitable accompaniment of long-term diabetes, rather than as one of its complications. Glomerular lesions are found in about 50 per cent of patients with retinal capillary involvement and are not present in patients without retinal lesions. Conversely, if they are looked for, retinal lesions are found in practically all patients with glomerular lesions. Thus there is a definite correlation between the incidence of retinal and renal involvement. The lesions do not appear to be strictly comparable morphologically. It has been suggested that they reflect similar pathologic processes, the manifestations of which are modified by structural differences between the capillaries concerned. It may also be that the interpretability of changes in the retina and glomerulus is concerned. The capillary network visualized in flat mounts of whole retinas has a rather simple pattern. In the glomerulus, about 2.5 cm. of capillaries branch and reanastomose within the confines of a sphere about 200 microns in diameter. Our concepts of the finer details of normal glomerular structure and its alterations in disease are changing with recent advances in microscopic and histochemical technics.
The Challenge of Hepatitis C in the HIV-Infected Person

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection occurs in an estimated one quarter of HIV-infected persons in Europe, Australia, and the United States. As use of highly active antiretroviral drugs has markedly reduced opportunistic infections, HCV-related liver disease has emerged as a leading cause of death. HIV infection adversely affects both the natural history and the treatment of hepatitis C. Because there are no experimental models of coinfection and because the pathogenesis of each infection is incompletely understood, how HIV infection alters hepatitis C is not clear. This review considers the epidemiology, natural history, treatment, and pathogenesis of hepatitis C in HIV-infected persons.
It's all about sex: gender, lung development and lung disease

Accumulating evidence suggests that gender affects the incidence, susceptibility and severity of several lung diseases. Gender also influences lung development and physiology. Data from both human and animal studies indicate that sex hormones might contribute to disease pathogenesis or serve as protective factors, depending on the disease involved. In this review, the influence of gender and sex hormones on lung development and pathology will be discussed, with specific emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and cancer.
Genetic Evaluation of Yield and Type Traits of Dairy Goats in the United States

Abstract Genetic evaluations of US dairy goats are calculated annually by USDA from records that are available through Dairy Herd Improvement programs and the American Dairy Goat Association ( ADGA ). The number of does in test plans used in genetic evaluations was 11,273 during 1999; participation in linear appraisal programs during 1999 was 3784 does, a decrease from the mean of 4285 does over the last 5 yr. For evaluation of yield traits, an animal model similar to that used for dairy cattle is used, but analysis is across breeds. Lactation records for the first six parities of does that were born since July 1973 and kidded since January 1976 are edited within limits appropriate for goats, projected to 305 d, and adjusted for kidding age and month. Evaluations are computed for milk, fat, and protein yields and component percentages; an economic index based on genetic merit for milk, fat, and protein yields ( MFP$ ) is calculated, based on economic values for dairy cattle. A multitrait animal model is applied to 13 linear type traits and final score. A single-trait calculation method is accomplished by applying a canonical transformation. Annual genetic progress for does born during 1996 as a percentage of mean breed yield was lowest for Toggenburgs (−0.1%/yr, milk; 0.0%/yr, fat and protein) and highest for Saanens (0.9%/yr, milk and protein; 1.0%/yr, fat). Annual genetic trend for type traits across breeds for does born during 1996 was 0.67 for stature; 0.37 for rump angle; 0.34 for teat placement; 0.22 for suspensory ligament; 0.20 for strength; 0.16 for teat diameter; 0.12 for rump width; 0.09 for rear legs; 0.06 for dairyness; 0.05 for final score; 0.01 for fore udder attachment and udder depth; −0.1 for udder depth; and −0.12 for rear udder height. Two production-type indexes are computed by ADGA with 2:1 and 1:2 weightings for yield (represented by genetic merit for fat-corrected milk) and type (represented by genetic merit for final score).
Synthesis and evaluation of novel siloxane-methacrylate monomers used as dentin adhesives

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to synthesize two new siloxane-methacrylate (SM) monomers for application in dentin adhesives and to investigate the influence of different functionality of the siloxane-containing monomers on the adhesive photopolymerization, water sorption, and mechanical properties. Methods Two siloxane-methacrylate monomers (SM1 and SM2) with four and eight methacrylate groups were synthesized. Dentin adhesives containing BisGMA, HEMA and the siloxane-methacrylate monomers were photo-polymerized. The experimental adhesives were compared with the control adhesive (HEMA/BisGMA, 45/55, w/w) and characterized with regard to degree of conversion (DC), water miscibility of the liquid resin, water sorption and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Results The experimental adhesives exhibited improved water miscibility as compared to the control. When cured in the presence of 12 wt% water to simulate the wet environment of the mouth, the SM-containing adhesives showed DC comparable to the control. The experimental adhesives showed higher rubbery modulus than the control under dry conditions. Under wet conditions, the mechanical properties of the formulations containing SM monomer with increased functionality were comparable with the control, even with more water sorption. Significance The concentration and functionality of the newly synthesized siloxane-methacrylate monomers affected the water miscibility, water sorption and mechanical properties of the adhesives. The experimental adhesives show improved water compatibility compared with the control. The mechanical properties were enhanced with an increase of the functionality of the siloxane-containing monomers. The results provide critical structure/property relationships and important information for future development of durable, versatile siloxane-containing dentin adhesives.
Baseline Features of Patients with Multiple System Atrophy Enrolled in the U.S. Autonomic Disorders Consortium Natural History Study

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal and poorly understood rare neurodegenerative disorder. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of patients with MSA enrolled in a prospective multicenter natural history study of the NIH-sponsored U.S. Autonomic Disorders Consortium. Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of MSA were prospectively enrolled at 5 participating centers. Demographic data, clinical variables, and autonomic testing results were included. Results: One hundred and nine patients with MSA (45 women) have been enrolled. MSA-C was predominant (60 patients, 55%). Mean age at symptom onset was 56.5 ± 8.8 and at enrollment was 61.2 ± 8.04 years old. MiniMental score was 28.9 ± 1.4 indicating normal cognition. Both the E:I ratio (1.09 ± 0.08) and the Valsalva ratio (1.24 ± 0.28) were low, indicating cardiovagal impairment. In the supine position, blood pressure (SBP/DBP)was 146 ± 24/82 ± 15mmHg, and heart rate (HR) was 74 ± 11 bpm (mean± SD). After 3-min head-up tilt, BP fell to 111 ± 23/67 ± 16mmHg andHR increased to 82 ± 11 bpm. Plasma norepinephrine level while supine was 278 ± 163 pg/ml and increased only to 409 ± 229 pg/ml upon head-up tilt indicating impaired baroreflex-mediated sympathetic activation. UPSIT score was 32.3 ± 4.1 indicating preserved olfaction. Symptoms suggesting REM behavior disorder were reported by 67%. Conclusions: Our results confirm that: i) symptom onset in MSA is remarkable consistent at 56 years; ii) overt cognitive impairment is not a typical feature; iii) sympathetic and cardiovagal deficits are present; iv) olfaction is preserved, and; v) sleep behavioral problems are frequent. Longitudinal evaluation of these patients will provide additional information on the natural history of the disease.
Newspapers: A Complete Guide to the Industry by Mike Farrell and Mary Carmen Cupito New York: Peter Lang, 2010, 229 pp

(2010). Newspapers: A Complete Guide to the Industry by Mike Farrell and Mary Carmen Cupito New York: Peter Lang, 2010, 229 pp. American Journalism: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 151-152.
Confirmability and Confirmation

The discussions of the last twenty years concerning the empiricist criterion of factual meaningfulness have increasingly emphasized the need for a more liberal formulation. Positivists, old and new, adamant in their repudiation of metaphysics, have tended to overshoot their goal. The motivation was of course understandable and, on the whole, admirable. The decision to eliminate from scientific and philosophical discourse the kind of problems which, because of their very conception cannot possibly be solved in a responsible manner, had an eminently salutary and cathartic effect. There is certainly no point in worrying one’s head about questions which are supposed to concern matters of fact and yet cannot conceivably be answered (at least partially or indirectly) by appeal to the data of observation. We are all too familiar with the dialectic devices designed to protect the claims of transcendent knowledge against refutation. Such devices have been utilized in the arguments not only of outright theology and metaphysics but frequently enough also in the frontal areas of the expanding scientific enterprise itself. Speculations about absolute space and time, substance, the ether, causal necessity, entelechies, telefinalities, groupminds, etc., are apt to become devoid of whatever (no matter how vaguely) specifiable meaning they may have had to begin with. They are rendered proof against disproof by a simple but often rather concealed or unwitting decision to make them immune against the outcome of any conceivable test.
What if Samuel D. Warren Hadn't Married a Senator's Daughter?: Uncovering the Press Coverage that Led to The Right to Privacy

Modern tort protection for personal privacy is commonly traced back to Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis' 1890 law review article, The Right to Privacy, yet scholars have long been uncertain what prompted Warren and Brandeis' impassioned attack on invasive press practices, unable to point to any news coverage of Warren that might convincingly explain his evident outrage at the press. This Article attempts to solve that mystery by examining approximately 60 newspaper stories from Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C., most never before analyzed, that report on the personal lives of Warren and his family. These stories - including some particularly intrusive coverage of Warren family tragedies - very plausibly explain what Warren had in mind when he wrote that ruthless gossip regarding private matters had become a social blight requiring legal remedy. This Article, part of a symposium dedicated to exploring how modern law might have developed differently without catalytic events, concludes that Warren and Brandeis' landmark article would not have been written if Warren had not married into a political family in the public eye.
Go with the Flow: Fluid Roles for miRNAs in Vertebrate Osmoregulation

MicroRNAs are a family of small RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. By regulating the expression of multiple genes that mediate salt and water balance, miRNAs enable precise control over osmoregulatory processes in vertebrates. Differential expression of miRNAs and divergent mRNA targeting have allowed for adaptation of osmoregulatory tissues during vertebrate evolution. Interestingly, only a small number of mRNA target relationships have been maintained over the millennia, indicating that gain and loss of miRNA/mRNA networks have enabled species-specific osmoregulation.
Performance of Color Shift Keying under Non-Linear System Model and Illumination Constraints

The IEEE 802.15.7 standard defines specifications for short-range optical wireless communication (OWC) using visible light. The standard specifies color shift keying (CSK) as the preferred modulation scheme for indoor OWC while simultaneously providing illumination. In light of illumination requirements, human eye's optical perception introduces unique non-linearities in the CSK signaling chain. It is shown that these non-linearities introduce performance penalties of more than 15 dB, 10 dB, and 5 dB for M = 4, 8, and 16 CSK respectively. A new metric called luminous- signal to-noise ratio (LSNR) is also introduced to fairly compare performance of any two OWC signaling schemes operating at a user defined illumination intensity level and is used to compare performance of M-ary CSK implemented with different colored sources. Within the same context, and at a target bit error rate of ≤ 10^-3, simulation results indicate that clipping negative receiver output signal does not have an impact on M-ary CSK performance.
Plasmonic Waveguides as Transmission Lines

We show that simple transmission line models can describe mode propagation in plasmonic waveguides. Despite different metal behavior at near-infrared compared to microwaves, our simulation results agree very well with our impedance model predictions.
A Permanent Inequality

(1981). A Permanent Inequality. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 731-740.
Alternative Energy Sources for Brooding Poultry

Abstract Heat for brooding is the biggest single energy use item in the typical integrated broiler operation. Maintenance of the proper temperature is particularly important during the first week, before the bird develops the ability to regulate its own body temperature. A number of energy sources are being evaluated to supplement or replace the conventional liquid propane gas and natural gas sources. Solar heat and methane are the best known alternatives. Others include wind, coal and wood combustion, coal, wood, and biomass gasification, and hydrogen and heat pumps. Each alternative has advantages and disadvantages. Installations should be studied carefully before an alternate heat source is selected. In particular, the supply of energy, whether from wind coal or some other source, should be matched to the needs of the poultry production unit. Economics, in most cases, are not attractive when compared to the costs of conventional fuels. However, the economics should improve as conventional fuels become more expensive and as improved technology is developed for the alternate energy sources. A back-up, conventionally fueled heating system will be needed in many cases.
The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soluble and particulate cobalt in human lung epithelial cells

Cobalt is a toxic metal used in various industrial applications leading to adverse lung effects by inhalation. Cobalt is considered a possible human carcinogen with the lung being a primary target. However, few studies have considered cobalt-induced toxicity in human lung cells, especially normal lung epithelial cells. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of particulate and soluble cobalt in normal primary human lung epithelial cells. Cobalt oxide and cobalt chloride were used as representative particulate and soluble cobalt compounds, respectively. Exposure to both particulate and soluble cobalt induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and intracellular cobalt ion levels. Based on intracellular cobalt ion levels, we found that soluble and particulate cobalt induced similar cytotoxicity while soluble cobalt was more genotoxic than particulate cobalt. These data indicate that cobalt compounds are cytotoxic and genotoxic to human lung epithelial cells.
Pyostomatitis vegetans (PSV)-pyodermatitis vegetans (PDV): A clinicopathologic study of 7 cases at a tertiary referral center

Background Pyostomatitis vegetans (PSV)-pyodermatitis vegetans (PDV) is a rare inflammatory mucocutaneous disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Objective We sought to evaluate the clinicopathologic findings of PSV-PDV in a series of 7 patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of PSV-PDV at the Mayo Clinic from 1995 to 2014. Results Seven patients with PSV-PDV were included, and all had inflammatory bowel disease. Three had Crohn's disease and 4 had ulcerative colitis. Three patients had peripheral blood eosinophilia. Two had concomitant pyoderma gangrenosum in which pyoderma gangrenosum lesions were recalcitrant to therapy. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was seen in 3 patients. Two patients had direct and 3 had indirect immunofluorescence findings. Tissue eosinophilia was seen in the majority of mucosal and cutaneous lesions. Limitations Limited sample size and retrospective study design are limitations. Conclusions PSV-PDV is associated with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis and may precede gastrointestinal symptoms. Immunofluorescence findings in select PSV-PDV cases may indicate possible overlap with autoimmune bullous disease. Tissue eosinophilia may be helpful in distinguishing PSV-PDV from pyoderma gangrenosum. Strict control of bowel disease and close monitoring of patients with subclinical disease is warranted.
Mutually exclusive extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway mutations are present in different stages of multi-focal pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis supporting clonal nature of the disease.

AIMS Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is an idiopathic cigarette smoking-related disorder of the lung. Molecular changes in cellular or fibrotic stages of PLCH have not been investigated. We studied the prevalence of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway mutations in different PLCH stages and other non-PLCH smoking-related lung diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS The cohort included 28 PLCH with cellular (n = 10), mixed cellular/fibrotic (n = 4) and fibrotic histology (n = 14). Seven cases had concurrent multi-focal/multi-lobar tumours. Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD, n = 2), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP, n = 4) and mixed RB-ILD/DIP (n = 2) were included for comparison. BRAF(V) (600E) immunohistochemistry, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high analytical sensitivity (<0.1-0.2%) were used to analyse RAS, BRAF and MAP2K1 genes. Of 26 cases with gene mutation data, BRAF(V) (600E) was identified in eight of 12 (67%) cellular cases and in one of 14 (7%) fibrotic cases. MAP2K1 or KRAS mutations were observed in four of 14 (29%) fibrotic cases and three of the 12 (25%) cellular cases. Multi-focal/multi-lobar specimens carried identical BRAF (n = 5) or non-hotspot MAP2K1 (n = 2) mutations. The other smoking-related disorders were negative for mutations. Patients with cellular lesions or BRAF mutation were significantly younger than patients with fibrotic or BRAF wild-type PLCH. CONCLUSION The presence of identical but mutually exclusive ERK pathway mutations in multi-focal PLCH supports a neoplastic/clonal origin for this disease. Patient age and mutation type differed between cellular and fibrotic histology and may indicate a natural progression or a mutation-specific pathogenicity.
The Future of Driverless Cars

The future is here, or at least, a short drive away: driverless cars have proven feasible to release humans from the driving responsibility. Now, the next question is, can we release the humans from the navigation responsibility as well?
Fabrication methodology for nanostructured hybrid organic/inorganic photovoltaic devices formed with alternating sacrificial spacers in a nested nanotube configuration

An active area of research in the field of photovoltaics that strives to significantly improve energy conversion efficiencies involves the exploration and manipulation of device physical structures. With knowledge gleaned from the fabrication of standard planar organic solar cells, our group has developed a technique for creating nanoscale nested structures capable of accommodating organic photoactive material that serves as a light-absorbing layer. The technique employs highly-ordered macroporous silicon templates that are used as the supporting structure and bottom contact for concentrically-nested metal oxide cylinders.
"An Educated Identity": The School as a Modernist Chronotope in Ferrante's Neapolitan Novels

This chapter explores the contrast between the school and the neighborhood as the primary symbolic, ideological, and embodied narrative dichotomy of Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan Novels. This salient opposition operates as a metonym and metaphor for a series of other binaries characteristic of the “totalizing category” (Keane 47) of post-World War II modernity. In this sense, the school/neighborhood dichotomy in the Neapolitan Novels can be understood as the primary motif of the “modernist chronotope” (Dick). Love argues that despite the attempts of the projects of modernity to discursively create a stark separation between the past and the present, the Neapolitan Novels provide an alternative narrative that describes the fluid, dynamic movements from one chronotopic domain to another.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) contributes to the high-order structure and stability of heterochromatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Heterochromatin plays important roles in the structure, maintenance, and function of the eukaryotic genome. It is associated with special histone modifications and specialized non-histone proteins and assumes a more compact structure than euchromatin. Genes embedded in heterochromatin are generally transcriptionally silent. It was found previously that several mutations of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA replication processivity factor, reduce transcriptional silencing at heterochromatin loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the notion that PCNA plays a role in transcriptional silencing was recently questioned because of a potential problem concerning the silencing assays used in prior studies. To determine if PCNA is a bona fide contributor to heterochromatin-mediated transcriptional silencing, we examined the effects of PCNA mutations on heterochromatin structure. We found evidence implicating PCNA in the maintenance of the high-order structure and stability of heterochromatin, which indicates a role of DNA replication in heterochromatin maintenance.
The pricing of common exchange rate factors in the U.S. equity market

We extend Lustig et al. (Rev Financ Stud 24:3731–3777, 2011) and Brusa et al. (The International CAPM Redux, 2014) by examining if the common exchange rate factors, the dollar and carry factors, are priced in the US equity market. Our results suggest that while the carry factor has incremental pricing information relative to the US market factor, the dollar factor (or the trade-weighted exchange rate index) is redundant. Our results have important theoretical as well as practical implications. Theoretically, we suggest that financial economists take an endogenous perspective of exchange rates. Practically, we suggest that practitioners incorporate in the carry factor to measure the exposure of exchange rate risk.
Mechanism design for reliability in demand response with uncertainty

In this paper, we consider a two-stage demand response (DR) program where a DR aggregator calls upon customers to reduce demands at stage II in order to clear a targeted amount of electricity supply deficit. At stage I, customers only possess distributions of their load shedding costs instead of accurate values because of the intrinsic uncertainty of load shedding. We design an outcome-contingent mechanism in which customers report their private types of the cost distributions and the DR aggregator selects customers based on the reported information. The mechanism guarantees incentive compatibility and individual rationality. In addition, the mechanism ensures high reliability of the DR. That is, the deviation between the total reduced loads and the targeted amount is small. We provide both theoretical analysis and numerical studies to demonstrate the high reliability.
Epidemiology of Headache in Children and Adolescents

Epidemiologic studies have made major contributions to our understanding of the magnitude, risk factors, and impact of migraine. The application of the tools of epidemiology to headache has generated substantial methodological developments designed to collect reliable and valid information on the prevalence of headache syndromes in nonclinical samples. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of the magnitude, risk factors, and correlates of migraine in children and adolescents worldwide.
The Use of Asset Growth in Empirical Asset Pricing Models

We show that the performance of the new factor models of Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2015) and Fama and French (2015) depends crucially on how their investment factor is constructed. Both models use growth in total assets to measure investment. Their ability to price the cross-section of returns decreases significantly when the investment factor is constructed using traditional investment measures, or more complete measures that account for investment in intangibles. The superior performance of the asset-growth-based models manifests only when the economy is in a highly overextrapolative state. In below-median overextrapolation, the new models fail to outperform prior models.
NCFET: Opportunities & challenges for advanced technology nodes

In ten years since the concept of negative capacitance (NC) was first postulated [1] there have been numerous experimental demonstrations of the effect [2, 3]. In addition, circuit simulations show that NCFET can provide one generation performance boost [4, 5]. But advanced technology nodes present new challenges for NCFET. In scaled fin pitch we have to find room for the interfacial layers (IL), ferroelectrics (FE), work function (WF) metal, and gate metal (Fig. 1). During FE layer formation process we need 10nm thick metal layer to enable uniform crystallization. That means that we have to either scale down the FE layer thickness or the WF metal. It seems that the scaling will necessitate thinner FE layer, which needs to be crystalized at higher temperature and it is much more prone to leakage. Resulting FE capacitance (C FE ) is too large in magnitude and hence there will barely be any NC effects (Fig. 2). To achieve steeper subthreshold slopes (SS), we have to use thicker FE and we are forced to reengineer the metal gate stack. Since the V TH of NCFET is determined by capacitance matching, it is more difficult to get a wide range for V TH (Fig. 3). The voltage gain in an NCFET depends on both gate and drain bias (V G and V D ) [4]. Because of the drain to gate coupling, the voltage at the internal gate node (V INT ) becomes less than the applied voltage at the external gate node (V G ) in the sub-threshold regime (Fig. 4(a)). In fact, for V GS TH , V INT becomes negative (Fig. 4(a)) [considering, no shift in V TH occurs through gate WF mismatch]. Therefore, despite having lower V TH , the I OFF in NCFET can be lower than the control device (Fig. 4 (b)) [4]. On the other hand, for V GS > V TH , V INT is enhanced beyond V G , as NC of the FE provides amplification. That accounts for the boost in I ON (Fig. 4 (b)).
Growth response to escape protein and forage intake by growing cattle grazing cornstalks.

Two trials were conducted to study the protein requirements of growing cattle grazing cornstalks. Diet composition and forage intake were determined at different periods during the grazing season. Residue intake and dietary CP content decreased (P less than .05) .079 kg and .044 percentage units per day of grazing, respectively. In vitro DM disappearance of the roughage fraction of the diet remained high early in the grazing period when husk availability was high, then declined in a curvilinear pattern. Calves required time to learn to find and consume the residual grain. During 54 d of grazing in Trial 1, calves supplemented with 409 g CP gained .105 kg/d more than those supplemented with 213 g CP. Maximal daily gain (.308 kg) in Trial 2 was obtained with 163 g/d of ruminal escape protein. Growing cattle grazing cornstalks responded to protein supplementation at levels above current National Research Council recommendations for 250-kg calves gaining .3 kg/d.
Push-Down Automata and Context-Free Grammars

In this section we establish one of the most important equivalences in theoretical computer science: we prove that a language is context-free if and only if some push-down automaton can accept the language in a sense we shall shortly make precise. This result has practical as well as theoretical importance, because a push-down store is the basis for several algorithms used in parsing context-free languages.
A Doxycycline-Inducible System for Genetic Correction of iPSC Disease Models.

Abstract Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are valuable tools for the study of developmental biology and disease modeling. In both applications, genetic correction of patient iPSCs is a powerful method to understand the specific contribution of a gene(s) in development or diseased state(s). Here, we describe a protocol for the targeted integration of a doxycycline-inducible transgene expression system in a safe harbor site in iPSCs. Our gene targeting strategy uses zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) to enhance homologous recombination at the AAVS1 safe harbor locus, thus increasing the efficiency of the site-specific integration of the two targeting vectors that make up the doxycycline-inducible system. Importantly, the use of dual-drug selection in our system increases the efficiency of positive selection for double-targeted clones to >50 %, permitting a less laborious screening process. If desired, this protocol can also be adapted to allow the use of tissue-specific promoters to drive gene expression instead of the doxycycline-inducible promoter (TRE). Additionally, this protocol is also compatible with the use of Transcription-Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) or Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system in place of ZFNs.
Assembly of Light-Harvesting Systems

Plastid development in ‘yellow-in-the-dark’ strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii provides a unique system to investigate assembly of light-harvesting complexes (LHC) in situ. The ultrastructure of the plastid in degreened cells exposed to only a few minutes of light at 38°C indicated that thylakoid membrane formation was initiated by expansion of the envelope. The kinetics of accumulation of LHCII were consistent with assembly of the complex concomitant with import of the apoproteins into the chloroplast. The initial fluorescence of newly formed LHCII was quenched within the first minute of greening as the energy transducing system also assembled within initial membranes. Most of the chlorophyll (Chl) in early greening cells was distributed in foci at the periphery of the chloroplast. In such cells, LHCII apoproteins were detected adjacent to the inner surface of the envelope by immunoelectron microscopy. Interestingly, LHCII apoproteins were also detected outside of the chloroplast in vacuoles, rather than in the chloroplast stroma, when synthesized in the absence of synthesis of Chl. Wall-deficient cw15 cells, grown in the light or dark at 28°C, contain large granules within these vacuoles that were immunoreactive to antibodies against LHCII apoproteins. In a Chl b-less strain, cbn1-113 arg2 y, which is an algal analogue of chlorina mutants of plants when grown in medium lacking acetate, LHCII apoproteins accumulated also in cytoplasmic vacuoles. The apoproteins were quantitatively recovered as the mature-sized species in each case, which suggested that even those outside of the chloroplast were processed. A possible interpretation of these results is that assembly of LHCII in the chloroplast envelope, by association of apoproteinswith Chl and xanthophylls, is required to prevent retrogrademovement of the proteins into the cytosol.
Skin breakdown of the feet in patients with spina bifida: Analysis of risk factors

Purpose Recent studies on patients with spina bifida have noted an increased incidence of skin breakdown with more proximal functional neurologic level. We hypothesized that there would be an inverse relationship between skin breakdown of the foot and severity of functional level of lesion, because patients with more caudal levels of lesion spend more time ambulating. Methods The National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) at Children's of Alabama was queried for the presence of skin breakdown of the foot, ambulatory status, functional neurologic level, and diagnosis of myelomeningocoele (MMC) vs. non-myelomeningocoele (non-MMC). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results Of 491 total patients, 378 were MMC and 113 were non-MMC. Eighty-five of 378 (22.5%) patients with MMC and 5 of 113 (4.4%) non-MMC patients reported skin breakdown (p= 0.009). Thoracic and lumbar levels were compared to the sacral level for statistical analysis. Skin breakdown occurred in 26.2% of thoracic (p= 0.001), 33.3% of high-lumbar (p= 0.001), 21.5% of mid-lumbar (p= 0.008), 26.2% of low-lumbar (p= 0.001), and 6.1% of sacral level patients. Ambulatory status was not significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusion A diagnosis of MMC is a significant, independent risk factor for skin breakdown of the foot. Compared to sacral level, thoracic and lumbar levels of function were also independently significant. Ambulatory status was not significant.
Hydrogel Gate Graphene Field-Effect Transistors as Multiplexed Biosensors

Nanoscale field-effect transistors (FETs) represent a unique platform for real time, label-free transduction of biochemical signals with unprecedented sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, yet their translation toward practical biomedical applications remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the potential to overcome several key limitations of traditional FET sensors by exploiting bioactive hydrogels as the gate material. Spatially defined photopolymerization is utilized to achieve selective patterning of polyethylene glycol on top of individual graphene FET devices, through which multiple biospecific receptors can be independently encapsulated into the hydrogel gate. The hydrogel-mediated integration of penicillinase was demonstrated to effectively catalyze enzymatic reaction in the confined microenvironment, enabling real time, label-free detection of penicillin down to 0.2 mM. Multiplexed functionalization with penicillinase and acetylcholinesterase has been demonstrated to achieve highly specific sensing. In addition, the microenvironment created by the hydrogel gate has been shown to significantly reduce the nonspecific binding of nontarget molecules to graphene channels as well as preserve the encapsulated enzyme activity for at least one week, in comparison to free enzymes showing significant signal loss within one day. This general approach presents a new biointegration strategy and facilitates multiplex detection of bioanalytes on the same platform, which could underwrite new advances in healthcare research.
The Apple Does Fall Far from the Tree: User Separation of a System from its Developers in Human-Automation Trust Repair

To promote safe and effective human-computer interactions, researchers have begun studying mechanisms for "trust repair" in response to automated system errors. The extent to which users distinguish between a system and the system's developers may be an important factor in the efficacy of trust repair messages. To investigate this, we conducted a 2 (reliability) x 3 (blame) between-group, factorial study. Participants interacted with a high or low reliability automated system that attributed blame for errors internally ("I was not able..."), pseudo-externally ("The developers were not able..."), or externally ("A third-party algorithm that I used was not able..."). We found that pseudo-external blame and internal blame influenced subjective trust differently, suggesting that the system and its developers represent distinct trustees. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design and study of human-automation trust repair.
Long-Term Complications and Management

As with all surgical and medical procedures, the sequela of an intervention will have some impact on the body. For women with breast cancer, treatment can often include a spectrum of modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy, or systemic chemotherapy, and fortunately, most sequelae are short-lived. However, some problems persist and become a chronic, life-altering, and quality-of-life diminishing issue that often is either ignored or not treated, secondary to the unawareness of the condition.
QCD analysis of near-threshold quarkonium leptoproduction at large photon virtualities

We propose a novel approach to compute the cross section of near-threshold $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}$ production in electron-proton scattering at large photon virtualities ${Q}^{2}$ based on an operator product expansion. We show that the process can be used to extract the gluon part of the D-term gravitational form factor of the proton. At the subleading level, it is also sensitive to the trace anomaly effect of QCD.
GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, AND GENESIS OF SELECTED FIRECLAYS FROM LATAH COUNTY, IDAHO

Fireclay deposits occur in Latah County, Idaho, as residual weathered products, and as lacustrine sediments comprising part of the Miocene Latah formation. The residual deposits were developed upon granitic (granodioritic, gneissic) masses by surface weathering. The lacustrine fireclays were derived dominantly from weathered residuum and to a minor extent from volcanic ash. Mineral proportions in the residual clay are typically as follows: kaolin minerals, 65 percent; quartz, 20 percent; K-bearing micas, 12 percent; and montmorillonite— chlorite mixed-layer clay, trace. The sedimentary fireclay deposits range widely in clay content, from some that are almost wholly kaolin to others containing as little clay as the residual material, or alternatively, to those meeting minimal requirements of fireclay. As the content of kaolin decreases in the deposits, there is a corresponding increase in content of quartz, K-bearing micas, and in the less abundant components orthoclase, mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite, and mixed-layer chlorite-montmorillonite. In both the transported and residual clay bodies the kaolin minerals are, in order of decreasing abundance, halloysite, endellite, and fireclay mineral. The lake deposits also contain seams of poorly crystallized kaolin that is inferred to have been derived from volcanic ash because (1) it contains minor quantities of tridymite, sanidine, and volcanic glass, and (2) it contains notably more endellite and allophane (amorphous and relatively soluble in NaOH) than is present in the other kaolin deposits. Endellite seemingly has developed in two separate geologic environments: as an alteration product of granodiorite gneiss by surface weathering and as an alteration product of volcanic ash deposited and altered in a fresh-water lake. It is postulated that endellite is a relatively common product of weathering.
Localized Corrosion Initiation, Propagation, and Repassivation of Corrosion Resistant High-Level Nuclear Waste Container Materials

The initiation and repassivation of pitting and crevice corrosion of two candidate high-level nuclear waste container materials, type 316L stainless steel and alloy 825, were examined under a range of environmental conditions possible in a repository. The initiation and repassivation potentials for localized corrosion in short-term tests were determined to be a function of temperature, chloride concentration, and potential. Under long-term potentiostatic conditions, pitting and crevice corrosion were initiated at potentials much lower than those measured in short-term tests. Crevice corrosion occurred preferentially over pitting corrosion. Similar results were obtained when creviced specimens were connected through a zero resistance ammeter to a boldly exposed cathode of the same material. Localized corrosion was only observed when the potential of the creviced specimen was higher than the repassivation potential.
pi t -Enhancing the Precision of Eye Tracking using Iris Feature Motion Vectors.

A new high-precision eye-tracking method has been demonstrated recently by tracking the motion of iris features rather than by exploiting pupil edges. While the method provides high precision, it suffers from temporal drift, an inability to track across blinks, and loss of texture matches in the presence of motion blur. In this work, we present a new methodology $pi_t$ to address these issues by optimally combining the information from both iris textures and pupil edges. With this method, we show an improvement in precision (S2S-RMS & STD) of at least 48% and 10% respectively while fixating a series of small targets and following a smoothly moving target. Further, we demonstrate the capability in the identification of microsaccades between targets separated by 0.2-degree.
SQL2X: Learning SQL, NoSQL, and MapReduce via Translation

A key challenge in designing a database course is how to introduce students to the great variety of data models, query languages, databases, and data processing systems available now. To address this challenge, we propose SQL2X, a novel SQL-centric learning model that teaches students SQL, NoSQL, and MapReduce via translation. For example, translating SQL queries into MapReduce programs to gain insights on how aggregation and join are performed in parallel in MapReduce, and translating SQL queries into REST requests to Firebase to help understand the differences between the query capability of SQL and NoSQL databases. We have applied the model to a graduate database course in our applied data science program. The evaluation and feedback from the students with diverse background indicate the effectiveness of the model in developing students' modeling, querying, and analytical skills over diverse data systems.
Real-time revenue and firm disclosure

We examine firm disclosure choice when information is received on a real-time, continuous basis. We use transaction-level credit and debit card sales for a sample of retail firms to construct a weekly measure of abnormal revenue for each firm. We validate the informativeness of this abnormal real-time revenue information, confirming its positive correlation with abnormal returns, unexpected revenue realizations, and management revenue forecast news. Using revenue forecasts, we find that firms are less likely to disclose abnormally negative news early in the quarter. As the quarter progresses, firms reduce their withholding of negative news. These results are consistent with impending earnings announcements disciplining managers to provide negative news. This pattern of initial withholding and then disclosure exists primarily in firms with high analyst coverage, high institutional ownership, or high litigation risk. Finally, we find increased insider stock sales in weeks with abnormally negative news and no firm disclosure. Overall, our study provides evidence of the informativeness of real-time information and manager discretion in its release.