cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Following Definitive Radiotherapy for Carcinoma of the Prostate

ABSTRACTPurpose: Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection is an effective and minimally invasive approach to the clinical staging of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. We report our experience with this technique in patients in whom full course pelvic radiotherapy had failed and who were being considered for salvage local therapy.Materials and Methods: In 14 patients disease was staged by transperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection performed for persistent adenocarcinoma of the prostate at least 20 months (average 49.5) following external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. All patients were healthy, had no evidence of metastatic disease and were considered to be candidates for salvage therapy.Results: A total of 13 patients underwent successful laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection while 1 sustained an enterotomy requiring conversion to open surgery. The normal surgical planes were more difficult to dissect, with the obturator lymph node packets appearing smaller and more fibrotic tha...
Visual resource monitoring for complex multi-project environments

This paper explores the use of visualisations to support governance of complex systems. The problem area that is addressed in this discussion is the management of resources within an environment where multiple unrelated activities require access to a common pool of resources. This begins with an exploration of the existing techniques that are used to visualise resource utilisation and identifies the challenges they encounter when applied to large or unwieldy data sets. The paper continues by discussing the use of temporal heat maps as a visualisation approach that addresses many of these issues and also allows the presentation to be tuned to provide new perspectives on the same data.
Analysis of three-dimensional acousto-optic cell array (AOCA) system based on generalized equaitons

The acousto-optically tuned devices are becoming quite popular in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) applications due to low insertion loss, less cross talk and freedom from the grating wavelength drift due to thermal variations. Acousto-optic cell diffracts the optical beam depending on the wavelengths and acoustic frequency. This property is used to exploit acousto-optic cell array (AOCA) for multiplex/demultiplex (MUX/DEMUX) and cross-connect applications in DWDM in optical communication. Acousto-optic diffraction grating is preferred over other systems as the directions of the deflected light beams can be controlled by changing the frequency of the drive signal and the light intensity of the beams can be adjusted by changing the power of the drive signal. This paper presents the analysis and performance of three-dimensional acousto-optic cell array system based on generalized equations. Numerical results have been obtained for optical wavelengths vs deflection angles, incident angles vs deflection angles in different directions for several stages. The wavelengths under consideration range between 1500-1600 nm and the effects of acoustic wave velocity variations have also been considered.
Expression of adiponectin in choroidal tissue and inhibition of laser induced choroidal neovascularization by adiponectin

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adiponectin (APN) in a mouse model of laser induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We have shown by immunohistochemistry that the expression of APN, adiponectin receptor 1, adiponectin receptor 2 and T cadherin gradually increased from day 1 to day 7 post-laser in laser treated mice compared to controls. Recombinant APN (rAPN) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p., 25 microg/mouse) or intravitreally (2 microg/eye) in lasered mice. Another set of lasered mice received APN peptide via i.p. (75 microg/mouse) or intravitreal (30 microg/eye) route. Control mice received a similar treatment with PBS, control protein or control peptide after laser treatment. We found that in the i.p. and intravitreal injection of rAPN resulted in 78% and 68% inhibition respectively in the size of CNV complex compared to control mice. Similar results were observed when APN peptide was injected intravitreally or i.p. Treatment with rAPN or the peptide resulted in decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. Thus, APN inhibited choroidal angiogenesis and may have therapeutic implications in the treatment of wet age related macular degeneration.
Relationship between the size of the bladder template and the subsequent bladder capacity in bladder exstrophy

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the size of the bladder template in infants born with bladder exstrophy and the subsequent bladder capacity at the age of 1 and 5 years. Materials and Methods Infants with bladder exstrophy were photographed at birth, and 2 parallel lines were drawn transversally on the photograph across the anterior-superior iliac spines and on the bladder template. The ratio between the 2 lines was calculated, and the bladder templates categorized as ( a ) small (≥4), ( b ) medium (3-4), and ( c ) large ( Results Sixteen patients were identified. At the age of 1 and 5 years, 81% and 94% had achieved a satisfactory bladder capacity, irrespective of their original template group. Nonetheless, those in group C still showed significantly larger capacities at the age of 5 years than those in groups A and B ( P Conclusion Bladder exstrophy patients, who undergo a successful primary closure, can achieve satisfactory capacities despite smaller bladder templates at birth.
Resolution-adaptive face alignment with head pose correction

Faces often appear very small and oriented in surveillance videos because of the need of wide fields of view and typically a large distance between the cameras and the scene. Both low resolution and side-view faces make tasks such as face recognition difficult. As a result, face hallucination or super-resolution techniques of face images are generally needed, which has become a thriving research field. However, most existing methods assume face images have been well aligned into some canonical form (i.e. frontal, symmetric). Therefore, face alignment, especially for low-resolution face images, is a key and first step to the success of many face applications. In this paper, we propose an auto alignment approach for face images at different resolution, which consist of two fundamental steps: 1) To find the locations of facial landmarks or feature points (i.e. eyes, nose, and etc.) even for very low resolution faces; 2) To estimate and correct head poses based on the landmark locations and a 3D reference face model. The effectiveness of this method is shown by the aligned face images and the improved face recognition score on released data sets.
Response transformations in repeated measures and growth curve models

This article describes estimation and inference procedures for the parameters of the Box-Cox and foided-power transformations in repeated measures and growth curve models. Procedures for computing maximum likelihood estimates of the transformation and covariance parameters under several covanance structures (omnibus sphericity, local sphericity, and unstructured) are described. Lack of fit statistics and hypothesis tests for comparing these structures also are described. The procedures are illustrated on three data sets. Software for performing the analyses in the SAS System is described and is available from the authors.
Dynametric Assessment in CIDP

In this issue, Harbo and colleagues,3 use a number of common measures, including manual muscle testing, as done in the Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS), attributes of nerve conduction (NCs), quantitative sensation testing (QST) using CASE IV, functional activity scales (9-hole peg and 40-meter walk), and short SF-36 quality of life scales for comparison with muscle force measurements of the Biodex System 3 PRO dynamometer (CIMP) in a trial of withholding and re-instituting IVIg treatment in patients with CIDP. They found that muscle force decreased by about 15 percent when treatment was withheld, and it improved by approximately 6 and 12 percent by days 5 and 10 after restarting IVIg treatment. These measured changes were significantly associated with “improved walking velocity and hand function.” With retreatment, the F-wave latency decreased, but manual muscle testing, NCs, QST and SF-36 did not show significant concomitant changes. They conclude that isokinetic dynamometry “…is a sensitive and clinically relevant method for monitoring the acute response to IVIG treatment in CIDP.”
Infrared Characterization of Nitric Oxide Bonding to Bovine Heart Cytochrome c Oxidase and Myoglobin

The stable binding of nitric oxide to both Cu+B and Fe2+a3 in cytochrome c oxidase is shown in infrared spectra. The N-O stretch band for Fe2+a3-NO at 1610 cm−1 is similar to the band for MbNO at 1612 cm−1. The Cu+B-NO band is at 1700 cm−1. Thus, electron donation from metal to NO is greater with Fe2+a3 than Cu+B. However, the affinity for NO is only slightly greater at Fe2+a3 than at Cu+B. In contrast CO binds stably only to Fe2+a3. Infrared spectra of oxidase, myoglobin and hemoglobin NO and CO complexes are consistent with only one stable protein structure at the ligand binding site of nitrosyls and with dynamic multiple protein conformers at carbonyl sites. The binding of NO to both Cu+B and Fe2+a3 of cytochrome c oxidase can contribute to NO cytotoxicity and to the catalysis of NO reduction to N2O and makes possible the effective use of infrared spectroscopy in investigations of Cu as well as Fe at the binuclear O2 reduction sites of oxidases.
A generic dynamic control task for behavioral research and education

Recent research in behavioral sciences presents strong evidence of poor human understanding for dynamic systems. Computer-based dynamic control tasks have an important potential for helping behavioral scientists advance research that investigates reasons for poor understanding and for helping students understand how dynamic systems work. In this paper, we introduce a simulation called Dynamic Stocks and Flows (DSF) that portrays the basic building blocks of dynamic systems: an accumulation; an inflow and outflow determined by an environment; and an inflow and outflow determined by a decision maker. In DSF, decision makers control the accumulation to a goal level by making repeated inflow and outflow decisions. We provide details of an experiment conducted with DSF that highlight some problems people face in controlling a dynamic system with different kinds of environmental inflow and outflow functions. DSF is flexible enough to represent dynamic systems with continuous or discrete accumulations, and with real-time or event-driven decision-making. We suggest that these and other features in DSF make it a good research and educational tool.
On the Teaching of Islam at Luther Seminary

. In a brief essay originally presented as part of a panel discussion with Christian and Muslim teachers of Islam in the university setting, the author describes the distinctive characteristics of the Islamic Studies Program at Luther Seminary (St. Paul, Minnesota). While the program allows Islamic studies “majors” to earn a degree (M.A. or M.Th.) or certificate in the field, it also aims to be accessible to students in all degree and non-degree programs of the seminary. The author names three sets of issues that result from the determination, at one and the same time, to be faithful Christian theologians and to honor Muslims and their traditions: the hermeneutical issues arising when Christians attempt to read Muslims’ sacred scripture; the challenges of developing a dialogical theology in relation to Islam; and questions about the character and practice of Christian witness in a world shared with Muslims, themselves called to da‘wah.
The Scalar Equations of Infinitesimal Elastic-Gravitational Motion for a Rotating, Slightly Elliptical Earth

Summary We derive the infinite set of coupled ordinary differential equations over radius that govern the infinitesimal free elastic-gravitational oscillations of a rotating, slightly elliptical Earth with an isotropic perfectly elastic constitutive relation and a hydrostatic prestress field. We show how the symmetries of such a body restrict the most general form of the displacement eigenfunctions. We discuss situations in which finite sets of coupled equations may yield good approximate eigenfunctions and describe the sense in which the solution to such a set approximates the solution of the infinite set. Finally we describe in some detail the equations governing a particular class of finite expansions and show how these may be put in a form convenient for numerical solution. The method used to convert tensor equations to scalar equations is an extension of the generalized surface spherical harmonic expansion of Phinney & Burridge and should be useful in other non spherically-symmetric applications.
Cohort, age, and period effects upon the employment of white females: evidence for 1957-1968.

The net effects of birth cohort, age, and period upon the employment of white women, 1957–1968, are estimated by a regression analysis of data from the Social Security Administration’s continuous work history file. By conceptualizing period-specific effects as those associated with the business cycle, we avoid multicollinearity and succeed in performing an analysis faithful to the cohort concerns usual in fertility analysis and to the macroeconomic concerns usual in employment studies. The age pattern of employment and the pattern of intercohort employment change are examined in some detail. The long-run (cohort) trend of increasing white female employment is compared with the estimated (short-run) effects attributable to the business cycle, and it is found that, while both are significant, the former exerted a stronger effect in the 1957–1968 period.
Phase behavior of nonionic surfactant solutions in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone

The phase separation behavior of four nonionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactants was examined in aqueous solutions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of various molecular weights. It was found that PVP decreases the cloud point (CP) and increases the Krafft point (KP) of the surfactants. The decrease in CP is dependent on the concentration of PVP, the molecular weight of PVP, and the structure of the surfactant hydrophobic group. The increase in KP is only dependent on PVP concentration. The effect of PVP on the CP and KP of these surfactants is smaller than that of PEG of the same nominal molecular weight.
Classical transport effects on chaotic levels.

We show that the quantum spectra of simple systems whose classical counterpart is of a mixed nature, i.e., partly regular with widespread chaos, manifest the effects of classical transport through imperfect barriers. The partial barriers are characterized by the flux crossing them. We derive the relationship between this flux and quantum Hamiltonian matrix elements. This in turn predicts new statistical fluctuations properties for the spectrum and partial localization of the wave functions. The example of two coupled quartic oscillators is given in detail.
Activity-composition relations in the systems CoOZnO and NiOZnO at 1050°C☆

Abstract Activity-composition relations in the systems CoOZnO and NiOZnO at 1050°C were determined by equilibrium of oxide solid solutions with a metal phase and a gas phase of known oxygen pressure, and by equilibration of CoOZnO solid solutions with a presumably ideal (CoZn) Al 2 O 4 solid solution. Both oxide systems show substantial positive deviations from ideality. The free energies of the reaction: M O (zincite) = M O (rocksalt) are estimated to be +5·8, −4·3 and −8·7 kcal/mole for ZnO, CoO, and NiO, respectively.
Consumer pressure and seed set in a salt marsh perennial plant community.

Seed predation can be an important determinant of plant success, but has received little attention in wetland plant communities. Here, we examine the role of flower and seed predators in limiting the seed production of the dominant perennial plants in a salt marsh plant community. Of the four perennial investigated, direct ovule loss to consumers ranged from 51 to 80%, resulting in seed set reductions ranging from 50% to over 20-fold. Most losses were due to generalist grazing by the grasshopper, Conocephalus spartinae. More species-specific losses were inflicted by planthoppers, and microlepidopteran and dipteran larval seed parasites.Insect abundance and consumer pressure on flowers and seeds increased over the early summer, peaked in the middle of July, and declined through August, and this temporal pattern was reflected in the natural consumer damage incurred by each of the marsh perennials. Juncus gerardi flowers earlier than other marsh perennials and largely escapes heavy consumer losses. Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata flower in the middle of the summer during the peak consumer activity and incur extremely heavy seed losses. Spartina alterniflora flowers late in the summer as consumer pressure is subsiding, which appears to minimize its seed loss. In addition to destroying seeds directly, consumers also markedly reduce the frequency and affect the timing of sexual expression in these plants. In particular, predation drastically reduces the frequency of male flowers, which could lead to pollen limitation of seed set.Intense flower and seed predation on these marsh perennials may be an important determinant of the success of marsh plant populations as well as a potent selective force on their flowering phenologies and reproductive effort.
Some results on the statistical properties of an inequality constrained least squares estimator in a linear model with two regressors

Abstract The inequality constrained least squares estimator in this paper is from the regression model, y = X 1 β 1 + X 2 β 2 + e, where both of the regression coefficients are subject to non-negative inequality constraints. The first and second moments of this estimator are derived. The regressors are permitted to be non-orthogonal. A number of conclusions are drawn from comparisons of the inequality constrained least squares estimator with the ordinary least squares and equality constrained least squares estimators.
Morphological patterns of the organ of Corti in birds.

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the avian organ of Corti. Its form and surface area have been estimated and the total number of sensory cells calculated. As described by other authors, the sensory cells occupying the apical and anterior parts of the basilar papilla are tall and slender while those occupying the basal and posterior parts are short and flat. The more exact distribution of these two kinds of cells has been mapped. The morphological polarization of the organ is directed away from the attachment of the tectorial membrane towards the cartilage posterior (ligamentum spirale), as is the case in mammals.
On the out-of-plane vibrations of thick rings

Natural frequencies for the out-of-plane vibrations of thick circular rings are derived. The effects of shear deformation and rotatory inertia are included in the formulation. The results are significantly more accurate than any previously reported predictions as compared to experiments conducted on moderate and very thick rings.
Technological Evolution, System Architecture and the Obsolescence of Firm Capabilities

We present a historical study of technological evolution in the mainframe computer industry. We show that the pattern of innovation in the industry is not well characterized by existing models. The incremental evolution of mainframe system performance as seen by the customer was the result of an aggregation that masked substantial discontinuities at the component level. New technological concepts led to the frequent obsolescence of existing capabilities, despite the stability of customer needs and the persistence of a dominant design. The nature of our observations is captured in a simple critical path model of technological evolution. Our conceptualization sheds light on the dynamics of the evolution of the capability base of firms in an environment characterized by complex products and rapid technological change. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.
A Laser Velocimeter for Use in Coastal Boundary Layer Studies

A single-axis forward scatter laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) suitable for both laboratory and field use has been designed and built at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A brief description of the instrument and the LDV technique is given. Two applications, one in the laboratory and one in the field, are described to illustrate the utility of the LDV technique and the prototype system; these are a study of the mean velocity structure in a turbulent wave boundary layer and a study of the effect of marine organisms on sediment stability in noncohesive sediments.
Bridging the Network Reservation Gap Using Overlays

We propose the concept of Overlay-linked IntServ (OLIntServ), a system architecture that combines network overlays with intra-domain QoS to provide assured communications over the Internet, while allowing ISPs to extend the reach of their currently under-utilized IntServ services. We describe our system prototype, and provide some preliminary experimental results on its efficacy.
Early and late results following repair of dissections of the descending thoracic aorta

Abstract Management of dissections of the descending thoracic aorta remains controversial, especially with regard to timing and method of repair. To clarify these and other issues we have reviewed our total experience with repair of descending aortic dissections between 1962 and 1983. The 44 men and 20 women had a mean (± SEM) age of 59 ± 2 years (range, 19 to 83 years), and in all patients the dissection originated in and was limited to the aorta distal to the left carotid artery (Stanford type B, DeBakey types IIIa and IIIb). Twenty-nine patients underwent operation within 2 weeks of the onset of symptoms (acute), and the remainder had later repair (chronic). During repair, circulation distal to the aortic cross-clamp was supported with cardiopulmonary bypass or shunt in two thirds of patients. Overall, 18 deaths occurred ⩽30 days postoperatively (operative risk 28%), and risk was higher in acute (45%) than in chronic (14%) dissections. Operative risk was not significantly related to protection of the distal circulation. The most serious postoperative complication was spinal cord ischemia manifested by paraplegia in five patients (8%) and transient or permanent paraparesis in six patients (9%). Risk of spinal cord ischemia was significantly lower in patients who had protection of the distal circulation during operative repair (8% vs. 44%, p=0.003). Late survival, including hospital deaths, was 49% ± 7% at 5 years after operation; 22 of the 46 patients who survived repair were found to have aneurysms involving the thoracic and/or abdominal segments of the aorta. Our results indicate that repair of chronic dissection of the thoracic aorta has a lower operative risk than repair of acute dissections, and initial medical management of acute dissection may be indicated if no early complications occur. Risk of spinal cord ischemia is significantly reduced by cardiopulmonary bypass or shunt and is preferred over aortic cross-clamping alone. Finally, these patients require careful long-term follow-up because of the high incidence of residual or recurrent aortic aneurysms. (J VASC SURG 1986;3:226-37).
The Myth of Birthing the Hero: Heroic Barrenness in the Hebrew Bible

Motherhood in the Hebrew Bible has been celebrated as indicative of female strength as well as derided as patriarchy's primary entrapment. Somewhere between the two, birth figures as a moment of narrative focus on female characters during which they reformulate their status. Birth seems to travel with its companion theme of barrenness as most central biblical characters undergo a prolonged period of infertility and an attendant struggle to conceive. Employing theories of the hero pattern, this essay argues that the movement from barrenness to fertility is a mode of female initiation into a relationship with the divine. While an explicit covenant promises men innumerable descendants and founder status, it is not realized until a parallel female covenant is forged. Where God makes the covenantal overture to men, women demand recognition through speech and deed. Barrenness motivates articulations that reveal concern with female memory and legacy and actions that distill the characters of individual women. Female volition draws divine attention and results in conception that, like circumcision, physically marks an alliance with God. The mothers encode their struggles and journeys from barrenness to fertility in the names of their children. Combining folklore and feminist methodologies, the essay proposes new parameters for understanding female heroism in the Hebrew Bible.
Phospholipid tubule suspension near a flat substrate

Abstract A semi-phenomenological calculation, accounting for van der Waals attractions and short range repulsions, is presented for an aqueous suspension of highly elongated lipid “tubules” and an acrylic surface. For a variety of conditions it is found that the Helmholtz potential has a hump a few kBT in height and located several micrometers from the wall. This barrier tends to prevent irreversible binding of tubules to the substrate, consistent with experimental observation. If the van der Waals attractions were sufficiently strong, however, the hump would vanish and the tubules would rapidly and irreversibly bind to the surface.
Similarity in critical transition temperature for ticks adapted for Different Environments: studies on the Water balance of Unfed Ixodid Larvae

Abstract Unfed tick larvae were used to gain insight into the critical transition temperature (CTT) due to their absence of spiracles. The study consisted of five species of medical-veterinary importance, Amblyomma americanum (L.), Amblyomma maculatum Koch, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Ixodes scapularis Say and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). Results show that each species has its own characteristic water loss rate consistent with ecological classification. The lowest water loss rates were recorded for the dry-adapted R. sanguineus, and the highest rates were observed for more hydrophilic species, I. scapularis and A. americanum. Body water content averaged 61 % and appears to be a useful secondary characteristic for ecological classification, as xeric-adapted species had slightly lower water content. For each of the species examined, a loss in the ability to retain water indicative of a CTT occurred between 30-35°C in spite of these differences in water loss rate and water content, suggesting that...
The effect of constraints on optimum approach and departure paths for VTOL terminal operations

A VTOL aircraft is modeled as a point mass moving in a vertical plane acted upon by thrust, gravity, lift, and drag. Approach and departure paths are studied under various constraints, using a hybrid computer simulation. The pilot has control over the angle of attack, thrust magnitude, and thrust direction. Fuel consumption is taken to be proportional to the time integral of the thrust. Constraints are placed on the approach path plus the maximum value of velocity, acceleration, and angle of attack. Data are presented to show how the fuel cost varies as a function of the constraints imposed. The most significant consideration for fuel economy is minimization of the time during which the aircraft flies below conventional stall speed. In general, the steeper the approach or departure path, the greater the fuel cost. Fuel-optimum approaches call for high descent rates at low altitude. When the rate of descent is constrained, the fuel increases but loses its sensitivity to approach angle. Automatic velocity control is necessary to maintain the glide path during steep approaches.
Effects of a Typical and an Atypical Antipsychotic on the Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition Caused by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and by Rat Strain.

Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Brown Norway (BN) rats (11-12 weeks, n = 184) received an injection of saline, haloperidol, or clozapine, followed by an intracerebroventricular infusion of saline or corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Rats were tested for prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response. BN rats showed less PPI than WKY rats, and neither antipsychotic alone enhanced PPI. In WKY rats, both haloperidol and clozapine attenuated the CRF-induced decrease in PPI. In CRF-treated BN rats, clozapine-enhanced PPI. A clozapine-induced decrease in startle amplitude was seen in CRF-treated BN rats but not in CRF-treated WKY rats. Although the disruption of PPI caused by exogenous CRF administration can be reversed by acute antipsychotic treatment, baseline PPI is not altered.
The Psychology of Women: A View from the States

The history of the field of the psychology of women in the USA has three distinct phases. The first, between 1940 and 1960, saw the struggle for recognition by women psychologists. The second, during the late 1960s and early 1970s saw women demanding to be taken seriously as psychologists as well as researchers and research subjects. This led to the establishment of the Association for Women in Psychology and the Division of the Psychology of Women. One complements the other although they both have their own roles. Their efforts have led to a rise in status and visibility of the psychology of women as a field and of women psychologists as members of their profession. The third phase, which started in the 1980s and continues now, must deal with the old issues as well as new issues of maintaining commitment and enthusiasm.
Influence of a drying cycle on post‐drought xylem sap abscisic acid and stomatal responses in young temperate deciduous angiosperms

Summary • Post-drought patterns of water relations and gas exchange were studied in relation to xylem sap abscisic acid (ABA) concentration during recovery for young plants of five woody species. The potential role of xylem sap [ABA] in these responses was the object of study. • Potted plants were allowed to deplete soil water and then were rewatered. At peak drought and during recovery, predawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψl), stomatal conductance (gs), and xylem sap [ABA] were measured. • Water potentials recovered rapidly after rewatering but stomatal re-opening was delayed. Xylem sap [ABA] was elevated early in recovery and might have affected stomatal opening, but after 1 d at high soil water content [ABA] in recovering plants was equal to or lower than in control plants. Stomata appeared to be more sensitive to xylem sap [ABA] in recovering than droughted plants. • Xylem sap [ABA] may play some role in delayed recovery of stomatal opening after drought, but may not completely explain the responses.
Biogenic amines in microdissected brain regions of Drosophila melanogaster measured with micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography-electrochemical detection.

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with electrochemical detection has been used to quantify biogenic amines in microdissected Drosophila melanogaster brains and brain regions. The effects of pigment from the relatively large fly eyes on the separation have been examined to find that the red pigment from the compound eye masks much of the signal from biogenic amines. The brains of white mutant flies, which have characteristically low pigment in the eyes, have a significantly simplified separation profile in comparison to the red-eyed, wild-type, Canton S fly. Yet, the white mutant flies were found to have significantly less amounts of dopamine, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), salsolinol, and N-acetyltyramine in their dissected brains when compared to dissected brains of Canton S flies. In addition, significant variation has been observed in the dissected brains between individual flies that might be related to changes in neurotransmitter turnover. The transgenic GFP fly line (TH-GFP), for which ...
Expression of a truncated receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa in the brain of an adult transgenic mouse.

Abstract Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) comprise a family of proteins that feature intracellular phosphatase domains and an ectodomain with putative ligand-binding motifs. Several RPTPs are expressed in the brain, including RPTP-κ which participates in homophilic cell–cell interactions in vitro [Y.-P. Jiang, H. Wang, P. D'Eustachio, J.M. Musacchio, J. Schlessinger, J. Sap, Cloning and characterization of R-PTP-κ, a new member of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase family with a proteolytically cleaved cellular adhesion molecule-like extracellular region, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 2942–2951; J. Sap, Y.-P. Jiang, D. Friedlander, M. Grumet, J. Schlessinger, Receptor tyrosine phosphatase R-PTP-κ mediates homophilic binding, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (1994) 1–9]. The homology of RPTP-κ's ectodomain to neural cell adhesion molecules indicates potential roles in developmental processes such as axonal growth and target recognition, as has been demonstrated for certain Drosophila RPTPs. The brain distribution of RPTP-κ-expressing cells has not been determined, however. In a gene-trap mouse model with a β-gal+neo (β-geo) insertion in the endogenous RPTP-κ gene, the consequent loss of RPTP-κ's enzymatic activity does not produce any obvious phenotypic defects [W.C. Skarnes, J.E. Moss, S.M. Hurtley, R.S.P. Beddington, Capturing genes encoding membrane and secreted proteins important for mouse development, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (1995) 6592–6596]. Nevertheless, since the transgene's expression is driven by the endogenous RPTP-κ promoter, distribution of the truncated RPTP-κ/β-geo fusion protein should reflect the regional and cellular expression of wild-type RPTP-κ, and thus may identify sites where RPTP-κ is important. Towards that goal, we have used this mouse model to map the distribution of the truncated RPTP-κ/β-geo fusion protein in the adult mouse brain using β-galactosidase as a marker enzyme. Visualization of the β-galactosidase activity revealed a non-random pattern of expression, and identified cells throughout the CNS that display RPTP-κ promoter activity. Several neural systems highly expressed the transgene—most notably cortical, olfactory, hippocampal, hypothalamic, amygdaloid and visual structures. These well-characterized brain regions may provide a basis for future studies of RPTP-κ function.
The Effects of Released Latent Heat in Growing Baroclinic Waves.

Abstract The effects of released latent heat on the development of baroclinic waves are explored using two numerical experiments in which these waves are allowed to grow from small perturbations on a flow that initially was zonally constant. In one experiment the effects of released latent heat were excluded; in the other, these effects were included and the initial zonally constant flow was considered saturated everywhere. In the moist experiment the growth rates of all wavelengths were found to be significantly increased over the corresponding growth rates in the dry experiment. However, the wavelength of maximum growth rate (wavenumber 15) was the same in both the dry and moist experiments. At the time of maximum development of wavenumber 15, the kinetic energy structure in the moist experiment was quite different from that in the dry experiment. In the moist experiment there was a distinct double maximum in the vertical; while in the dry experiment most of the kinetic energy of wavenumber 15 was near ...
Solidarity on the Job: Resisting Dehumanization and Fighting for Democracy in the Diverse Workplace

Challenging the dominant sociological framework suggesting that U.S. workers have bought into capitalist structures and internalized work cultures, this exploratory study uses the illustrative case...
Anti-Ri Antibody Paraneoplastic Syndrome Without Opsoclonus-Myoclonus

Anti-Ri antibody paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome historically has been linked to ataxia, opsoclonus-myoclonus and brainstem encephalitis, but these “cardinal features” are not necessary for its diagnosis, which should be considered in patients with subacute course of heterogeneous neurological manifestations. This is a report of a man who suffers from anti-Ri antibody paraneoplastic syndrome, with an atypical clinical presentation. His syndromic diagnosis was confirmed by serum western blot analysis that revealed the presence of anti-Ri antibodies. Clues to the underlying malignancy were given by FDG-PET scan that demonstrated a hypermetabolic peripancreatic lymph node. Besides highlighting clinical features of anti-Ri antibody syndrome that will help its early recognition and the appropriate steps for its diagnosis, we also discuss various treatment modalities that should be considered in this population in order to improve morbidity and mortality. J Neurol Res. 2014;4(1):31-33 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jnr261w
PATH INTEGRAL STUDY OF HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM DIFFUSION IN CRYSTALLINE SILICON

We use classical and quantum mechanical methods to calculate the site-to-site hopping rate of hydrogen impurities in crystalline silicon over a wide range of temperatures. The calculations employ a parameterized version of a potential surface calculated via density functional methods, expanded through quadratic terms about a Cartesian reaction path with a flexible reference. The hopping rate is obtained from the time integral of a flux correlation function which is evaluated using classical molecular dynamics and real-time path integral techniques. The latter are based on the quasiadiabatic propagator discretization and utilize a combination of discrete variable representations and Monte Carlo sampling for the evaluation of the resulting multidimensional integrals. Our results indicate that quantum mechanical tunneling plays a significant role in the diffusion process even above room temperature. In addition, the calculated diffusion rate exhibits a reverse isotope effect in the domain between activated and tunneling dynamics which arises from the zero point energy of the hydrogen atom in the direction perpendicular to the line connecting two stable minima.
A Type II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Is Stimulated via Activated Integrin in Platelets A SOURCE OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-PHOSPHATE

We have observed that aggregation of human platelets, caused by activation of integrin alphaIIb beta3 and its consequent binding of fibrinogen, stimulates a novel pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3,4bisphosphate, thereby activating protein kinase B/Akt. Such synthesis depends upon both the generation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), which is sensitive to wortmannin (IC50 7 nM) and calpain inhibitors, and the phosphorylation of PtdIns3P by PtdIns3P 4-kinase. We now report that a recently characterized C2 domain-containing phosphoinositide 3-kinase isoform (HsC2-PI3K) is present in platelets and a leukemic cell line (CHRF-288) derived from megakaryoblasts, and is likely to be responsible for the stimulated synthesis of PtdIns3P observed in platelets. HsC2-PI3K, identifiable by Western blotting and immunoprecipitatable activity, is sensitive to wortmannin (IC50 6-10 nM), requires Mg2+, and shows strong preference for PtdIns over PtdIns4P or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as substrate. HsC2-PI3K is activated severalfold when platelets aggregate in an alphaIIb beta3-dependent manner or when platelet or CHRF-288 lysates are incubated with Ca2+. Activation is prevented by calpain inhibitors. CHRF-288, which cannot undergo activation of alphaIIb beta3 and thereby aggregate in response to platelet agonists, do not generate PtdIns3P or activate HsC2-PI3K under conditions that stimulate other phosphoinositide 3-kinases. HsC2-PI3K may thus be an important effector for integrin-dependent signaling.
A Computational Model of Inferior Colliculus Responses to Amplitude Modulated Sounds in Young and Aged Rats

The inferior colliculus (IC) receives ascending excitatory and inhibitory inputs from multiple sources, but how these auditory inputs converge to generate IC spike patterns is poorly understood. Simulating patterns of in vivo spike train data from cellular and synaptic models creates a powerful framework to identify factors that contribute to changes in IC responses, such as those resulting in age-related loss of temporal processing. A conductance-based single neuron IC model was constructed, and its responses were compared to those observed during in vivo IC recordings in rats. IC spike patterns were evoked using amplitude-modulated (AM) tone or noise carriers at 20-40 dB above threshold and were classified as low-pass, band-pass, band-reject, all-pass, or complex based on their rate modulation transfer function (rMTF) tuning shape. Their temporal modulation transfer functions (tMTFs) were also measured. These spike patterns provided experimental measures of rate, vector strength and firing pattern for comparison with model outputs. Patterns of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic convergence to IC neurons were based on anatomical studies and generalized input tuning for modulation frequency. Responses of modeled ascending inputs were derived from experimental data from previous studies. Adapting and sustained IC intrinsic models were created, with adaptation created via calcium-activated potassium currents. Short-term synaptic plasticity was incorporated into the model in the form of synaptic depression, which was shown to have a substantial effect on the magnitude and time course of the IC response. The most commonly observed IC response subtypes were recreated and enabled dissociation of inherited response properties from those that were generated in IC. Furthermore, the model was used to make predictions about the consequences of reduction in inhibition for age-related loss of temporal processing due to a reduction in GABA seen anatomically with age.
Conceptualizing the Blue Guitar and Room 13: Engaging in the Arts With Teacher Candidates and Education Faculty

AbstractThe experience of Room 13 contributed to the imaginations and educational visions of prospective and practicing educators. Three broad themes emerged as a result of an inquiry into the aesthetic experiences of both teacher candidates and education faculty who traveled to Fort William, Scotland, to explore Room 13 at Caol Primary School. These experiences provided the foundation for connecting the arts across curricular disciplines.
The Interferon-Induced Gene ISG15 Blocks Retrovirus Release from Cells Late in the Budding Process

The release of retroviruses from cells requires ubiquitination of Gag and recruitment of cellular proteins involved in endosome sorting, including the ESCRT-III proteins and the Vps4 ATPase. In response to infection, cells have evolved an interferon-induced mechanism to block virus replication through expression of the interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a dimer homologue of ubiquitin, which interferes with ubiquitin pathways in cells. Previously, it has been reported that ISG15 expression inhibited the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Nedd4, and prevented association of the ESCRT-I protein Tsg101 with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag. The budding of avian sarcoma leukosis virus and HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles containing L-domain mutations can be rescued by fusion to ESCRT proteins, which cause entry into the budding pathway beyond these early steps. The release of these fusions from cells was susceptible to inhibition by ISG15, indicating that there was a block late in the budding process. We now demonstrate that the Vps4 protein does not associate with the avian sarcoma leukosis virus or the HIV-1 budding complexes when ISG15 is expressed. This is caused by a loss in interaction between Vps4 with its coactivator protein LIP5 needed to promote the formation of the ESCRT-III-Vps4 double-hexamer complex required for membrane scission and virus release. The inability of LIP5 to interact with Vps4 is the probable result of ISG15 conjugation to the ESCRT-III protein, CHMP5, which regulates the availability of LIP5. Thus, there appear to be multiple levels of ISG15-induced inhibition acting at different stages of the virus release process.
Removal of synthetic food dyes in aqueous solution by Octolig.

We studied six of the seven food dyes commonly used, e.g., FD&C Blue No. 1 and No. 2, Green No. 3, Red No. 3 and No. 40, Yellow No. 5 and No. 6. Quantitative removal was achieved by passage of dyes in aqueous solutions over chromatography columns packed with Octolig®, a polyethylenediimine covalently attached to high-surface-area silica. A structural feature most of the dyes have in common are the presence of sulfonate groups attached to aromatic molecules. Prior studies and the current one indicated that the seventh food dye (Green No. 3) should also be quantitatively removed. Matrix effects were considered, but none were observed.
Where Children Drown, United States, 1995

CONTEXT: Drowning is the second leading cause of unintentional injury death among children ages 1 to 19 years. Details about the specific site of submersion are important for implementation of primary prevention efforts, but are not routinely available from national data. OBJECTIVES: To provide national data about the specific sites of drowning among US children and to examine site-specific drowning rates by age, race, and gender. SETTING: United States, 1995. DESIGN: Information was abstracted from death certificates for unintentional drownings among children <20 years of age. The site of drowning was coded from free text on death certificates. Proportional distributions of the site of drowning by age, region, gender, and race were examined. Site-specific drowning rates were calculated by age, race, and gender. Denominators were based on US Census Bureau, June 1995 estimates of the US population. RESULTS: For 1995, death certificates were obtained for 1420 unintentional drownings among children <20 years of age, 98% of the number of drowning deaths reported by the National Center for Health Statistics for the same year. Site of drowning was specified on 1308 (92%) death certificates. Fifty-five percent of infant drownings were in bathtubs. Among children between the ages of 1 to 4 years, 56% of drownings were in artificial pools and 26% were in other bodies of freshwater. Among older children, 63% of drownings were in natural bodies of freshwater. Site-specific drowning rates varied by race. Importantly, after the age of 5 years, the risk of drowning in a swimming pool was greater among black males compared with white males with rate ratios of 15.1 (95% confidence interval: 6.7-38.5) among 10- to 14-year-olds and 12.8 (95% confidence interval: 6.5-26.9) among 15- to 19-year-olds. CONCLUSION: The variety of sites in which children drown, even within specific age groups, emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach to prevention. Reductions in the relatively high rates of drowning among black adolescent males will require targeted interventions to prevent swimming pool drownings among this group.