cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-mask field emsission based tunable MEMS tunneling accelerometer

This work presents an electrostatically tunable field emission tunneling accelerometer fabricated using a single mask fabrication process. A change in the gap between the tunneling electrodes due to acceleration modulates the tunneling current flowing across the device tunable nanoscale gap. The device is shown to follow the Fowler Nordheim principle for field emission tunneling. Sensitivities as high as 6.5 µA/g have been demonstrated for this accelerometer for a at rest tunneling gap size of ∼40nm. The device has been fabricated out of the 25um thick device layer of an SOI substrate via a single lithography step and deep reactive ion etching of silicon. Submicron tunneling gaps are formed by deposition of a thick layer of gold with slight sidewall coverage. Electrodes for electrostatic tuning of the emission gap embedded in the design have been used to further reduce the tunneling gap that also allows tuning of the acceleration sensitivity over a wide range.
T cell activation in a murine model of asthma

To determine the mechanisms by which inhaled antigens produce pulmonary inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, we have developed a murine model of asthma. BALB/c mice are sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Compared with mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), OVA-treated mice developed increased lung resistance, decreased dynamic compliance, and greater methacholine reactivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed significant increases in the proportion of neutrophils and eosinophils. Tissue sections of OVA-treated mice demonstrated goblet cell metaplasia and focal perivascular and peribronchial infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Analysis of thoracic lymphocytes via flow cytometry revealed an expansion of both CD4+ and B cell populations, with increased expression of interleukin-2 receptor on CD4+ T cells, indicated increased activation. There was also increased expression of CD44 on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, suggesting an expansion of the local memory cell population. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of T lymphocytes mediates allergic pulmonary inflammation and bronchial reactivity in asthma.
Inter-annual variability in urban heat island intensity over 10 major cities in the United States

Abstract Urban heat island intensity (UHI) has become a cross-cutting quotient to characterize the thermal environment of urban areas. In this study, we use publicly available weather data from ten metropolitan centers located in US to characterize the hourly, seasonal and yearly variability in air temperature based UHI. Our results reveal that while there are phenomenological similarities on UHI causes and trends, their order of influence in different cities is however distinct. Of cities compared here the coastal and arid cities exhibited high diurnal variability during the summer months. During the cold season, except for New York City, other cities had a flatter profile. Our analysis also shows that during extreme heat days in the warm season, the UHI is amplified in most cities. The UHI of cities located along the coast was highly sensitive to sea breeze and in general experience more extreme heat days than the inland cities.
Pain and cramping associated with cryosurgery.

BACKGROUND Many different cryosurgery methods have been described for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain and cramping perceived by patients undergoing four specific cryosurgical methods. METHODS Seventy women consented to the prospective trial and were assigned to one of four cryosurgery techniques: a 2-minute double freeze, a 3-minute double freeze, a 5-minute single freeze, and a 5-minute double freeze. Immediately following the procedure, a trained interviewer recorded each woman's perceptions of pain and cramping. Age, parity, marital status, financial class, race or ethnicity, lesion severity, and pretreatment with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) were included in the analysis. RESULTS The median pain scores for the 2-minute double freeze, the 3-minute double freeze, the 5-minute single freeze, and the 5-minute double freeze were 4, 3, 3, and 7, respectively, on a scale of 0 to 10. The median cramping scores for the procedures were 0, 0, 0, and 7, respectively. The median pain and cramping scores were significantly higher for the 5-minute double freeze than for any of the other procedures (P = .012 and P = < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Pain and cramping are associated with cryosurgery, but the 5-minute double freeze caused the most pain and cramping of all the cryosurgery methods tested. Pretreatment with an NSAID did not lessen the cramping or pain perceived during the 5-minute double freeze.
What are the problems in the recovery room

As more patients are provided with the compacted perioperative care that is part of outpatient surgery, the anaesthetist must assume an active role in recovery room problem solving, or we will find more patients than necessary will face unanticipated hospitalization following an outpatient procedure.
Effects of farm manure-handling practices on Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in cattle

Thirty-six dairy herds in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were selected on the basis of cattle housing and manure-handling practices. Approximately 60 fecal samples from heifers were collected monthly in each herd for 6 months and cultured for Escherichia coli 0157. One hundred seventy-nine of 12,664 (1.41%) individual fecal samples from 27 of the 36 herds (75%) were culture positive for E. coli O157. Within-herd prevalence ranged from 0% to 5.5% with a strong clustering toward the lower end of this range. A tendency was observed for herds to maintain either a relatively low or high prevalence of E. coli O157. Prevalence of E. coli O157 was similar in herds which housed heifers in dry lots and on pasture with and without application of manure. Also, application of manure to cattle forage crops was not associated with the prevalence of E. coli O157 in dairy herds.
Multi-slice behavioral model of RF systems and devices

System level behavioral modelling is a powerful tool in the RF and microwave designer's toolbox; it allows design tradeoffs to be explored early in a project. Typical models, however, have limitations in the frequency range and power levels at which they are applicable, and in many instances they fail to capture memory effects that lead to the asymmetrical intermodulation behavior observed in actual systems. We present a behavioral model with memory that can be extracted from device measurements or simulation results. It uses modular slices to capture the system behavior including asymmetrical intermodulation. The model can be used in system analysis and in harmonic balance or transient circuit simulators.
Optical Computing Using Phase Conjugation

One of the most interesting areas of research to emerge since the birth of laser is that of nonlinear optics. Many nonlinear phenomena such as second harmonic generation, parametric conversion, and stimulated Raman scattering have been extensively pursued as means of generating coherent optical radiation throughout the spectrum. One area of nonlinear optics, optical phase conjugation (OPC), has been receiving a great deal of attention over the past few years, not because of the production of new wavelengths, but because it offers attractive solutions to several problem area arising in a variety of applications. Such applications include adaptive optics, active imaging, high brightness lasers, laser energy and power scaling, and optical communications. Several works exist in the literature1−3 dealing with the physics and applications of OPC; this work will focus on its potential application to optical data processing and optical computing.
A phase II trial of escalated dose proton radiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation and concomitant chemotherapy for patients with unresectable, borderline resectable, or medically inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

TPS513Background: The prognosis for patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma who are not surgical candidates is poor. Median survival for patients with unresectable disease on the LAP-07 trial was between 15.2 and 16.4 months (Hammel P, et al. J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 [suppl; abstr LBA4003]). The absence of a survival advantage for x-ray based radiotherapy may be due to toxicity. Patients characterized as having “borderline resectable” disease fair somewhat better - although many are not converted to resectability with standard regimens. Intensified local/regional therapy for "initially unresectable" patients might 1.) Increase the share of patients undergoing curative surgery and 2.) Improve local disease control for patients who remain unresectable. A phase II study for patients with unresectable disease treated with proton therapy to a dose of 59.4 Gy (RBE) demonstrated an 18.4 month median survival without grade 2 or higher GI toxicity – suggesting the feasibility of dose intensification (Sachsm...
OLS Trend Analysis of CET Daily Mean Temperatures 1772-2016

A month by month trend analysis at an annual time scale of the daily mean Central England Temperature (CET) series 1772-2016 shows a general warming trend for most autumn and winter months. These trends are usually described in terms of anthropogenic global warming (AGW). OLS diagnostics reveal anomalies in the data having to do with asymmetry, non-linearity, and serial Hurst dependence in the series of generational trends in a 30-year moving window. Therefore, the phenomena of nature that generated this temperature series are best understood in terms of nonlinear patterns within the sample period rather than a single linear OLS trend-line across the whole of the sample period.
Research Ethics for Social Scientists, Mark Israel, Iain Hay. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (2006), 193 pages

Every person reading this review applies personal ethics in his or her pursuit of knowledge. Whether one can clearly articulate what his or her ethics are or where they came from, or whether their ...
Medical care cost of oropharyngeal cancer among Texas patients

Background: The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is rising rapidly, with the majority of cases being attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite the availability of a vaccine, rates of HPV vaccination among Texas youth are low. The healthcare cost of oropharyngeal cancer in Texas is unknown. The aims of this study were to estimate the first 2-year cost of treating new cases of oropharyngeal cancer and determine the predictors of oropharyngeal cancer treatment cost in Texas.Methods: This study included a retrospective cohort of 467 Texas patients with commercial insurance claims data with oropharyngeal cancer diagnosed from 2011 to 2014 and a control group of 467 noncancer patients obtained with propensity score matching. Total healthcare cost during the first 2 years after the index date was measured. A generalized linear model was used to identify predictors of monthly cost during the 2 years after the index date.Results: The mean differential adjusted healthcare cost for oropharyngeal cancer cases was $139,749 in the first 2 years. The mean adjusted monthly cost in the first 2 years was $6,693 for cases and $870 for controls. Age, comorbidity, mental health, prediagnostic healthcare cost, and time index were significant predictors of monthly cost.Conclusions: Medical care cost was about $140,000 in the first 2 years after diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer among commercially insured patients in Texas.Impact: The cost estimates provide important parameters for development of decision-analytic models to inform decision makers about the potential value of initiatives for increasing the HPV immunization rate in the state. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1443-9. ©2017 AACR.
Bubble fountain with wandering black hole

Programming assignments with graphics elements may be used to spark student interest and enthusiasm, especially in early courses. We have created a sequence of CS I labs, built on the ACM Java Library, which culminates in a "Bubble Fountain with Wandering Black Hole," where a particle emitter spews colorful bubbles that bounce around the graphics window while a larger black circle, also bouncing around the window, consumes any particles that cross its path. This assignment requires that students extend an oval class (GOval) from the graphics library. The following is the class hierarchy: • circle: an oval that has same width and height, always • smart-circle: a circle that knows where it is relative to the edges of its graphics window (canvas) • moving-circle: a smart-circle with its own displacement that knows how to move inside its window, bouncing against the boundaries • particle: a moving-circle with a built-in lifetime. When the lifetime expires, the object is removed from the canvas.
The Intensive Care Unit Perspective of Becoming a Level I Trauma Center: Challenges of Strategy, Leadership, and Operations Management

The primary purpose of this narrative is to elucidate the numerous significant changes that occur at the intensive care unit (ICU) level as a medical center pursues becoming a Level I trauma center. Specifically, we will focus on the following important areas: (1) leadership and strategy issues behind the decision to move forward with becoming a trauma center; (2) preparation needed to take a highly functioning surgical ICU and align it for the inevitable changes that happen as trauma go-live occurs; (3) intensivist staffing changes; (4) roles for and training of advanced practice practitioners; (5) graduate medical education issues; (6) optimizing interactions with closely related services; (7) nursing, staffing, and training issues; (8) bed allocation issues; and (9) reconciling the advantages of a "unified adult critical care service" with the realities of the central relationship between trauma and surgical critical care.
To Thy Own Self Be True: Contributions from Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry

This chapter examines transference and countertransference experiences in various clinical scenarios involving requests for discharge against medical advice (AMA). It highlights those psychiatric disorders more highly associated with AMA discharges. Transference and countertransference toward patients, including those without psychiatric diagnoses, can impact how the primary team makes decisions regarding the patient’s request to sign out. It is always worthwhile to ask, “What about my feelings towards the patient might influence my willingness or lack of willingness to agree with the patient’s request?” Patients with psychiatric diagnoses are more likely to request discharge AMA, especially those patients with substance use disorders. Consultation-liaison psychiatrists are particularly equipped to assess patients with active psychiatric disorders who are requesting discharge AMA or patients who are requesting discharge and whose capacity to do so is unclear. They are a resource for the physician to guide the process to allow a patient to leave or to not allow a patient to leave.
Benign Renal Tumors

Benign renal neoplasms are surprisingly common (Someren et al. 1989), but since many of them are very small and have virtually no potential to produce clinically significant disease, the important benign renal tumors encountered in an imaging practice appear relatively infrequently. Often, benign renal tumors can be distinguished from malignant ones by their imaging features (Williamson 1990), which permits appropriate therapeutic decisions to be made, and certain clinical events may raise the strong likelihood of particular benign tumors; for both reasons, a familiarity with these lesions is important for practicing radiologists (Amis and Newhouse 1991). This chapter will discuss first those tumors which are of epithelial origin, and then those which are felt to be mesenchymal or hamartomatous.
Distribution of Myelin Protein Gene Products in Actively-Myelinating Oligodendrocytes

The molecular and cellular biology of gene expression within myelin-forming oligodendrocytes currently offers one of the most fascinating and technically feasible areas of research in neurobiology. Myelination occurs throughout the neuroaxis and myelin-specific gene products are abundant and well-characterized. Translational products of myelin genes are assembled into ultrastructurally distinct membranes in an orderly and predictable manner. The spatial relationships between oligodendrocytes and their myelin internodes provide an excellent opportunity to study mechanisms of myelin protein transport and membrane assembly. In addition, functional diversity within various regions of the myelin internode, i.e., compact myelin versus paranodal regions versus periaxonal regions, will be reflected by differences in their molecular composition. Myelin-forming cells are a good model for investigating cell-cell interactions. The genetic program of myelin-forming cells is regulated by axonal influences that are at present poorly understood. This regulation is likely to require physical contact between the axolemma and peri-axonal membrane and to involve specific adhesion molecules.
Closures and Conclusions

In this conclusion, Fewkes discusses changes in the Maldives and how these recent events shape our perceptions of the nisha miskii. She returns to the notion of “pauses” that transform space into place to consider how these are related to “being Muslim”. Fewkes argues that while grounding discussions of Muslim community in the local is essential, the manner in which the public discusses “women in Islam” as a generalized category suggests a need to sift through these examples and make sense of them in more general terms. Fewkes ends with a recommendation to consider of women’s mosques as part of the spectrum of Muslim experience, recognizing how these sites are a part of the process of ascribing meaning to global Islamic institutions and associated spaces.
Who Can Testify About Lab Results after Melendez-Diaz? The Challenge of Surrogate Testimony to the Confrontation Clause

In Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a certificate presenting forensic lab results was testimonial evidence, and that defendants thus have the Sixth Amendment right to cross-examine the analyst. Despite this ruling, courts remain divided on the question of surrogate testimony: when can an expert witness, such as a lab supervisor or outside expert, testify in place of the analyst? How this question is answered has enormous consequences for the future of the Confrontation Clause and the criminal justice system more generally. Widespread surrogate testimony threatens to undermine confrontation rights and contribute to false convictions, yet banning it altogether could result in defendants going free whenever the forensic analyst is unavailable and the test cannot be repeated.This Article rejects the main justifications for surrogate testimony. In doing so, it develops four arguments against the common claim that a surrogate’s independent analysis of analyst-generated data precludes Confrontation Clause violations. The Article contends that most surrogate testimony likely violates the Confrontation Clause, and that this is clearest when the surrogate relies on analyst-produced data that is itself testimonial evidence. In addition, the Article presents a test for determining whether the data upon which the surrogate relies is testimonial. The Article proposes an alternative standard for admitting surrogate testimony in some limited circumstances. Unlike previous proposals, this standard is consistent with the logic of Crawford v. Washington and faithful to the principles of the Confrontation Clause. Surrogate testimony should be admitted when the data relied upon by the surrogate is clearly nontestimonial, and excluded when it is testimonial. Yet when the testimonial status of the data is ambiguous, the analyst is genuinely unavailable, and a second test is impossible, courts should consider several factors in deciding whether to admit the testimony. These include the trustworthiness of the evidence, the nature of the surrogate’s analysis, the degree to which the data’s validity is dependent on the analyst, and the possibility that failure to admit the evidence would endanger public safety by acquitting a factually guilty, dangerous defendant.
The Human Face of Game Theory: Trust and Reciprocity in Sequential Games

The Nash equilibrium predictions of standard game theory often fail in experimental test. While innumerable refinements to Nash equilibrium have been suggested, they too fail in empirical tests. What seems apparent is that humans rely on a rich mixture of contextual cues and signals to determine how to strategize about their own choices and those of their counterparts.Our research concentrates on a simple social signal – the human face. In particular we examine the emotional cues registered by the face and investigate the meaning of those cues mean for signaling an actor’s intentions. We explore the impact of facial cues in two sets of experiments. The first concerns human facial expressions. In the second set of experiments we simplify and control the facial cues by substituting schematic line drawings that resemble the ubiquitous “happy face”. We focus on the two-branch, sequential bargaining game developed by Hoffman, McCabe and Smith. Our findings suggest that intentions to trust and reciprocate can be signaled by facial expressions.
Possible association of postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS 2) gene deletion and myelodysplastic syndrome.

e17021 Background: Postmeiotic segregation Increased 2 (PMS2) gene is one of the gene family members found in clusters on chromosome 7 involved in DNA mismatch repair. Mutations in this gene are as...
Farmworker Justice, Faith, and Governance: A Critical Realist Analysis of one FBO’s Participatory Initiative

Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are often integral to supporting immigrant populations in the United States. However, there is little research critically examining the way power functions in these...
Effects of Tai Chi and Qi Gong group class participation on self-reported symptoms in cancer patients and caregivers: A preliminary report.

100Background: Tai chi and qi gong are movement-based, mind-body approaches offered as part of an integrative oncology program at a comprehensive cancer center. We explored the effects of tai chi a...
Making Obesity Fat: Crip Estrangement in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1

This article argues that the "play extempore" in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 is a privileged site for "crip estrangement," a phenomenon that occurs in Shakespearean drama when a normate character encountering disability is featured within a metatheatrical structure. While this scene is supposed to allow Prince Henry an opportunity to "practise an answer" before he meets his father King Henry IV, in actuality, the question of how to interpret Falstaff's fat body takes center stage. Since this encounter with fat, which already induces self-reflection, is placed within a second self-reflecting metatheatrical structure, the scene constitutes a protracted rendering of the protocols of rhetorical representation: it estranges Falstaff's substance that readers and theatregoers usually understand as "the old fat knight" into its rhetorical parts. The scene demonstrates that Falstaff's actual fat body is the wax ( matter ) that Hal's speeches ( form ) attempt to impress into a substance , the old, obese character we recognize as Falstaff. Since Renaissance rhetoric was intimately linked to acting, the article argues that the scene's estrangement could also occur in performances of the play. More than merely a queer expression of fat from Falstaff, the play extempore deconstructs the representation of obesity: it "make[s] a stone stony" (Shklovsky); it makes obesity fat.
Second Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma with Renal Dysfunction

Introduction Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) as a salvage option in patients (pts) with late relapse (≥18 months after upfront ASCT) represents an effective therapy and can prolong response in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Presence of comorbidities such as renal dysfunction can limit treatment options and impact ASCT eligibility. Efficacy and safety data supporting a second ASCT in pts with renal dysfunction for relapsed disease are limited. Methods All adult pts with MM with renal dysfunction undergoing a non-tandem second ASCT at our institution between January 2006 and January 2019 were identified. Renal dysfunction was defined as pre-transplant creatinine clearance ≤ 60 ml/min. Demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment history were compiled. Relapse free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), relapse rate, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) outcomes were assessed. RFS durations after both the first and second ASCTs for each pt were compared using a paired log-rank test and corresponding hazard ratios (HR) was estimated using a paired cox proportional hazards regression model through mixed-effects models. Results Thirty six pts with renal dysfunction underwent a second ASCT at our institution. Fourteen pts (39%) had progressive disease (PD) and 9 pts (25%) had very good partial response or better. Median time between first and second ASCT was 57.05 months (18.98-103.25). Conditioning regimens included: ≤140 mg/m2 Melphalan (MEL) (61%; n=22), >140 mg/m2 MEL (28%; n=10) and BEAM (8.3%; n=3). Median length of hospitalization during second ASCT was 18 days (Range, 11-74). Median time to granulocyte and platelet engraftment was 12 (9-16) and 19 (0-61) days, respectively. In hospital events included: treatment-requiring infections in 15 pts (41.7%) and cardiac complications in 5 pts (13.9%). Four pts (11.1%) required intensive/critical care admission. By day 100 (d100) assessment, 30 of 34 surviving pts (83% by ITT) had stable disease or better, and 4 pts (11%) had PD. Twenty pts (58.8%) had an improvement in disease status compared to their pre-ASCT status, while 8 pts (23.5%) maintained their pre-ASCT disease status. Five pts (14%) were readmitted by d100, with 2 pts requiring intensive care. One of 2 pts on dialysis pre-second ASCT became dialysis independent. From second ASCT, median RFS was 1.04 yrs (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.67) and median OS was 3.34 yrs (95% CI, 3.30 to 7.99; median follow up 4.31 yrs); respectively. The cumulative incidence rates for relapse and NRM at 1 yr after second ASCT were 37.1% and 5.6%, respectively. By MVA, light chain MM was associated with higher relapse rate (p=0.03) and lower NRM (p=0.01). Conclusion Our data suggests that second ASCT is well tolerated with low complication /readmission rates in patients with renal dysfunction. Second ASCT as salvage can provide disease control for more than a year for these patients who may have limited treatment options.
The relationship between social network characteristics and depressive symptoms among older adults in the United States: differentiating between network structure and network function.

Background Social networks and social support can influence older adults' depressive symptoms, but depressive symptoms can also influence network maintenance. This study examined longitudinal relationships between social network structure, social support, and depressive symptoms. Methods Data are from Waves 1 (2005-2006) and 2 (2010-2011) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a longitudinal study on health and social factors of older adults. Models examining: (i) the influence of T1 network structure and T1 social support on T2 depressive symptoms; (ii) the influence of T1 depressive symptoms and T1 network structure on T2 social support; and (iii) the influence of T1 depressive symptoms and T1 social support on T2 network structure, were estimated using ordinary least squares lagged dependent variable regression models. Results Evidence of reciprocal associations between social support and depressive symptoms were found, as well as social support and the number of close ties and frequency of contact. No clear reciprocal associations between social network structure and depressive symptoms were found, although density was associated with later depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms were associated with later number of close ties. Conclusion The reciprocal relationship between network structure and depressive symptoms is weak, whereas social support is strongly related to both depression and network structure, suggesting the importance of having supportive ties in an older adult's personal network for positive mental health.
The Progress of Sugar: Consumption as Complicity in Children’s Books about Slavery and Manufacturing, 1790-2015

This paper analyzes “production stories,” a genre of information literature and media responsible for teaching children how everyday things are made. As nineteenth-century families increasingly consumed tropical commodities produced by slave labor, including sugar, tea, coffee, rum, and tobacco, the production story developed in Britain and the United States as a way to explain to children where everyday household goods originate, making global trade networks visible in the home. These “production stories” developed strategies for raising or eliding ethical questions posed by who makes things, under what conditions, and for whom. Focusing on stories of sugar production, I find that production stories reveal surprising details about technical processes for making things, but conceal the human cost of production. They also end with consumption, when children use the products, symbolically affirming the conditions under which they were made. Drawing on scholarship from the history of technology and the history of the Atlantic slave trade, I contend that problematic representations of manufacturing processes feed into and support whitewashed histories for children. I conclude by analyzing contemporary picturebooks that resist certain genre patterns and encourage positive identification with enslaved black characters, who like child readers, are at once makers, readers, and consumers.
High-Resolution Mapping of Human Norovirus Antigens via Genomic Phage Display Library Selections and Deep Sequencing.

Norovirus (NoV) infections are a leading cause of gastroenteritis. The humoral immune response plays an important role in the control of NoV, and recent studies have identified neutralizing antibodies that bind the capsid protein VP1 to block viral infection. Here, we utilize a NoV GI.1 Jun-Fos-assisted phage display library constructed from randomly fragmented genomic DNA coupled with affinity selection for antibody binding and subsequent deep sequencing to map epitopes. The epitopes were identified by quantitating the phage clones before and after affinity selection and aligning the sequences of the most enriched peptides. The HJT-R3-A9 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody epitope was mapped to a 12-amino-acid region of VP1 that is also the binding site for several previously identified monoclonal antibodies. We synthesized the 12-mer peptide and found that it binds the scFv antibody with a KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) of 46 nM. Further, alignment of enriched peptides after affinity selection on rabbit anti-NoV polyclonal antisera revealed five families of overlapping sequences that define distinct epitopes in VP1. One of these is identical to the HJT-R3-A9 scFv epitope, further suggesting that it is immunodominant. Similarly, other epitopes identified using the polyclonal antisera overlap binding sites for previously reported monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that they are also dominant epitopes. The results demonstrate that affinity selection and deep sequencing of the phage library provide sufficient resolution to map multiple epitopes simultaneously from complex samples such as polyclonal antisera. This approach can be extended to examine the antigenic landscape in patient sera to facilitate investigation of the immune response to NoV.IMPORTANCE NoV infections are a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. Human NoVs exhibit extensive genetic and antigenic diversity, which makes it challenging to design a vaccine that provides broad protection against infection. Antibodies developed during the immune response play an important role in the control of NoV infections. Neutralizing antibodies that act by sterically blocking the site on the virus used to bind human cells have been identified. Identification of other antibody binding sites associated with virus neutralization is therefore of interest. Here, we use a high-resolution method to map multiple antibody binding sites simultaneously from complex serum samples. The results show that a relatively small number of sites on the virus bind a large number of independently generated antibodies, suggesting that immunodominance plays a role in the humoral immune response to NoV infections.
Towards Battery-Free Body Sensor Networks

Wearable devices traditionally rely on batteries as the primary source of energy for operation. Batteries are often rigid, bulky, heavy, and require constant recharging, consequently hampering the development of novel device applications. This paper describes a new vision for Body Sensor Networks (BSNs); an interconnection of tiny, flexible, battery-free, cooperative, and programmable wearables via the concept of Intra-Body Power Transfer and Communication (IBPTC), which uses the human body as a medium to exchange energy and data. These wearable devices can receive energy from central, on-body power sources, and coordinate to support whole-system operation and programmer-defined sensing tasks. Of course, this vision entails significant challenges; notably in developing robust hardware and software for energy and information exchange across the body channel, enabling power failure resiliency and timely coordinated task execution. In this paper, we describe a roadmap of systems and tools towards the ultimate vision of battery-free BSNs that has the potential to transform current architectures and designs of BSNs, enabling innovative applications that would otherwise be impossible with on-device batteries.
Overstory removal and biological legacies influence long-term forest management outcomes on introduced species and native shrubs

Abstract Forests in the western United States are actively managed to increase resilience to fire and extract timber resources. Disturbance from these management activities, however, may reduce forest resilience to invasion and promote shrub expansion, which could compromise treatment efficacy in the long-term. To assess mid- and long-term impacts of forest management practices, we coupled a field experiment with a chronosequence of patch cuts (~0.5 ha cuts) located at Blodgett Forest Research Station in the north-central Sierra Nevada. The field experiment, which was part of the national Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) study, compared three fuel treatments to control plots 12–13 years post-treatment. Fuel treatments included mechanical thinning, prescribed fire (that burned twice), and mechanical thinning plus fire. In contrast, the chronosequence assessed the impacts of patch cuts on vegetation across 33 years. The FFS fuel treatments led to increases in introduced species richness initially and in the mid-term. Introduced species richness and cover in the fuel treatments, however, were considerably lower than in patch cuts, which reached over 100% cover six years post-harvesting. In addition, while fuel treatments initially reduced shrub cover and richness, shrubs increased significantly in all fuel treatments in the mid-term. Understory vegetation dynamics in the fuel treatments were influenced by pretreatment flora richness and cover. In contrast, overstory removal was likely the strongest driver of high invasion in patch cuts within the first ten years, suggesting that severe disturbance (e.g., 100% removal of the overstory) may overwhelm biological legacies. Finally, overstory canopy was significantly and negatively associated with introduced species in the fuel treatments and the patch cuts, highlighting that canopy gap dynamics likely influenced invasion in this system. Our study underscored that while pretreatment species composition was a strong determinant of invasion in fuel treatments, management strategies that sustain overstory canopy cover may reduce growth and recruitment of introduced species and native shrubs.
Continuity and Change in the Genetic and Environmental Etiology of Youth Antisocial Behavior.

Trajectories of youth antisocial behavior (ASB) are characterized by both continuity and change. Twin studies have further indicated that genetic factors underlie continuity, while environmental exposures unique to each child in a given family underlie change. However, most behavioral genetic studies have examined continuity and change during relatively brief windows of development (e.g., during childhood but not into adolescence). It is unclear whether these findings would persist when ASB trajectories are examined across multiple stages of early development (i.e., from early childhood into emerging adulthood). Our study sought to fill this gap by examining participants assessed up to five times between the ages of 3 and 22 years using an accelerated longitudinal design in the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR). We specifically examined the etiologies of stability and change via growth curve modeling and a series of univariate and bivariate twin analyses. While participants exhibited moderate-to-high rank-order stability, mean levels of ASB decreased linearly with age. Genetic and nonshared environmental influences that were present in early childhood also contributed to both stability and change across development, while shared environmental contributions were negligible. In addition, genetic and nonshared environmental influences that were not yet present at the initial assessment contributed to change over time. Although ASB tended to decrease in frequency with age, participants who engaged in high levels of ASB during childhood generally continued to do so throughout development. Moreover, the genetic and nonshared environmental contributions to ASB early in development also shaped the magnitude of the decrease with age.
Identification and Correction of Errors in Pairing AMI Meters and Transformers

Distribution system model accuracy is increasingly important and using advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) data to algorithmically identify and correct errors can dramatically reduce the time required to correct errors in the models. This work proposes a data-driven, physics-based approach for grouping residential meters downstream of the same service transformer. The proposed method involves a two-stage approach that first uses correlation coefficient analysis to identify transformers with errors in their customer grouping then applies a second stage, using a linear regression formulation, to correct the errors. This method achieved >99% accuracy in transformer groupings, demonstrated using EPRI's Ckt 5 model containing 1379 customers and 591 transformers.
Husbandry of Dairy Animals | Goat: Replacement Management

Raising replacement dairy kids begins with prenatal care of the doe. The doe needs to be properly vaccinated before kidding, be in proper body condition, and have good nutrition, including vitamins and minerals. A program to prevent caprine arthritis encephalitis must be instituted, which involves removal of the kid from the doe at birth, feeding heat treated colostrum the first day of life, and feeding with milk replacer, heat treated milk, or a mixture thereafter. Milk should be fed generously (3 times a day) to 2 weeks of life. Milk consumption can become limited by feeding 0.5 l per feeding, twice a day. More milk can be fed, by feeding 3 times a day or using acidified or cold milk procedures. A high-quality starter feed should be fed beginning the second week of life. A kid must be a minimum of 6 weeks of age to be weaned, weigh at least 10 kg, and have a starter intake of at least 250 g day-1. Kids can be transitioned to weaning by reducing milk feeding to one time a day. After weaning, the kid should be fed 360 g of starter feed per day and all of the high-quality hay they can eat. The kid should gain 150 g day-1 from birth and weigh 35 kg by 7 months of age when they can be bred. Kid health problems can be prevented by consumption of adequate colostrum, well-ventilated environment, avoiding crowding, and good sanitation. Attention needs to be given to making gradual changes in feeding.
ALWAYS BE COOL: IMPLEMENTATION OF RESUSCITATION GUIDELINES

Background Resuscitations are frequently necessary in a neonatal intensive care unit. Although frequently performed, training is inevitable to keep skills up to date. Despite the fact that resuscitation takes place regularly in our level IIIC unit individually one is exposed only rarely. Therefore we developed a training programme. Aim To structure resuscitations on the ward. To set up a skills lab for training purposes. Methods A structured implementation plan was developed including: Forming a peer group with eight nurses and two neonatologists. Nurses were educated to become trainers. Clinical lectures containing theoretical and practical training given by peer group members supervised by a neonatologist. A syllabus with basic and advanced life support guidelines was distributed and before the training a theoretical exam had to be taken. Retraining was obligatory each year. Unexpected scenarios on the ward. Debriefing with an evaluation form in which suggestions for improvement were written down. Setting up a skills lab: Simbaby (Laerdal) can be used manually or with computer-programmed scenarios. Video recording of the resuscitation training. Thorough debriefing after every resuscitation/scenario. Training with the complete nursing and medical staff. Recommendations Make nurses responsible for the education and training of resuscitation skills. Make the training situation as realistic as possible. Record resuscitations on video and evaluate after. Debriefing of resuscitations. Regular educational courses involving both theoretical and practical training with the use of a Simbaby to re-enact medical emergencies with the complete nursing and medical staff.
PERFORMING LIFESTYLE POLITICS: EXPLORING THE SLOW FASHION COMMUNITY ON INSTAGRAM

This paper explores the unique discursive register being created by slow fashion practitioners on Instagram. The slow fashion movement includes people, practices, ideas, and things from all over the world and online - all of which are broadly connected through a shared effort to resist and transform the waste-driven, profit-seeking, inequitable and unjust system(s) which produce and sustain contemporary fashion. In this paper I analyze three key performable roles which slow fashion practitioners are embodying on Instagram as a way to perform the politics of the movement: (1) Outfit of the Day Posts (OOTD), (2) wardrobe tracking, and (3) knowledge-sharing posts. In discussing each of these instances of popular slow fashion performances, I will examine what each example is “saying” and “doing” within the slow fashion community and analyze how these performances are positioned within the community’s broader ethical and political goals. By exploring the kinds of performances most commonly posted on Instagram I draw attention to the ways slow fashion practitioners’ performances are both assembling individual practitioner identity (or ‘self’) to the wider slow fashion community as well as producing a wider register of lifestyle politics in the slow fashion movement.
Determination of Referred Scapula Pain from C6 or C7cervical Spinal Stenosis

Objective: The purpose of this study was to see if there was any referred medial scapula pain from C6 or C7 cervical spinal stenosis. Scapula pain of neurologic origin is currently thought to be primarily mediated by C5 via the dorsal scapular nerve. Dorsal root ganglion neurons with dichotomising axons are present in several species and are considered to play a role in referred pain. An interventional spine clinic observed a number of patients with medial scapula pain who did not have C5 stenosis, but many of these patients had C6 or C7 stenosis. Methods: The charts of 278 patients seen in an interventional spine clinic over an 11 year period from 2008 to 2018 who were diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy based on location of pain were reviewed. 135 of these had cervical MRI imaging. Data was collected to evaluate for a correlation of the level of cervical stenosis with the location of pain at the medial border of the scapula. Results: Patients with ipsilateral medial scapula pain had 0.0% incidence of stenosis at C4, 29.5% at C5, 64.6% at C6, 49.2% at C7, 0.0% at C8, and 80% with either C6 or C7 stenosis. Conclusion: This is the first report of referred pain to the medial scapula from cervical stenosis at the C6 or C7 levels. The mechanism of referred pain is reviewed and a plausible and testable neurologic explanation for these observed findings is presented.
Invasion of Virile Crayfish Faxonius virilis (Hagen 1870) in the Lower Henrys Fork Drainage, Idaho

The invasive virile crayfish Faxonius virilis (Hagen 1870) has recently been documented in the upper Snake River drainage of Idaho, but its distribution is poorly known. Our objective was to determine the presence and distribution of F. virilis in the Henrys Fork drainage of the Snake River. Sampling was conducted during summer and autumn 2018 at 30 sites located in Henrys Fork River drainage, including the major tributaries Teton River, North Fork Teton River, South Fork Teton River, and Moody Creek. We used baited minnow traps and kick nets to determine presence of F. virilis. Absence was only reported if we unsuccessfully captured F. virilis using kick nets because this technique is more effective. Faxonius virilis was detected in all five streams. We did not detect F. virilis at sites at the upstream extent of sampling. This pattern suggests that F. virilis are invading the drainage in an upstream direction. Presence of species of conservation concern (e.g., Yellowstone cutthroat trout [Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri Jordan and Gilbert 1883], bluehead sucker [Catostomus discobolus Cope 1871], and western pearlshell [Margaritifera falcata Gould 1850]) warrant additional research to determine the effect of F. virilis on these species.