cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Belongingness as a Core Personality Trait: How Social Exclusion Influences Social Functioning and Personality Expression

People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships. This need to belong is rooted in evolutionary history and gave rise to the development of traits that enable individuals to gain acceptance and to avoid rejection. Because belongingness is a core component of human functioning, social exclusion should influence many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes and personality expression. This article summarizes recent evidence that social exclusion causes an assortment of outcomes, many of which depend on whether the excluded can gain acceptance or forestall possible distress. It highlights common overlap in physical and social pain systems and how a physical painkiller can reduce the pain of social exclusion. Finally, it shows how social exclusion moderates the effects of traits on cognition, emotion, and behavior. To appreciate personality processes in social contexts, scientists should consider how people respond to social exclusion and how the need to belong influences personality expression.
Comprehensive peace agreement implementation and reduction in neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates in post-armed conflict states, 1989–2012

Previous studies suggest that countries with a higher child mortality rate are more susceptible to armed conflict onset as well as recurrence. Studies do not explain conditions under which child mortality declines among post-armed conflict states. This article argues that where armed conflict is terminated through negotiation and implementation of comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs), the child mortality rate declines. This is due to the implementation of provisions in CPAs, which addresses underlying grievances of the poor, underserved and marginalized segments of the population, as well as the successful reconstruction of the health sector. CPA implementation resolves hostilities between armed rivals and facilitates the return process for internally displaced persons and refugees. The CPA implementation may also encourage the return of aid workers and health professionals to conflict-affected zones. This study utilizes new data on CPA implementation and examines neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates among 73 post-armed conflict countries between 1989 and 2012. Multivariate cross-sectional time series correlation (fixed effect) methods are used to analyze the data. Within post-armed conflict states, a decline in neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates is associated with higher CPA implementation rates. Additionally, this study shows that higher GDP per capita, higher levels of democracy, and more primary school enrollment are also associated with lower child mortality rates. On the other hand, child mortality rates increase following a rebel victory in armed conflict. Ongoing armed conflicts are responsible for massive displacements and the destruction of economic, healthcare and human infrastructure, thus hindering improvements in child survival. For better health outcomes in post-armed conflict countries, ongoing armed conflict must cease through the signing and implementation of a CPA. Short-term and long-term public health issues are discussed in concluding comments.
Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Cause Melanomas to Self-Destruct

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have been shown to penetrate into living cells to permeabilize intracellular organelles and release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. They provide a new approach for physically targeting intracellular organelles with many applications, including initiation of apoptosis, enhancement of gene transfection efficiency and inhibiting tumor growth. We have been working with the murine melanoma model system and here we show that 40 kV/cm electric field pulses 300 nanoseconds in duration can rapidly stimulate pyknosis, reduce blood flow and fragment DNA in murine melanoma tumors in vivo with a total field exposure time of 1.8 microseconds. Three treatments of 100 pulses each results in a mean tumor size regression of 90% within two weeks. Another round of treatments at this time can completely eliminate the melanoma. This new therapy is the first to simultaneously trigger pyknosis and reduce tumor blood flow.
The effect of microneedles on the skin permeability and antitumor activity of topical 5-fluorouracil

Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is approved for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. However, 5-FU suffers from poor skin permeation. Microneedles have been successfully applied to improve the skin permeability of small and large molecules, and even nanoparticles, by creating micron-sized pores in the stratum corneum layer of the skin. In this report, the feasibility of using microneedles to increase the skin permeability of 5-FU was tested. Using full thickness mouse skin mounted on Franz diffusion apparatus, it was shown that the flux of 5-FU through the skin was increased by up to 4.5-fold when the skin was pretreated with microneedles (500 μm in length, 50 μm in base diameter). In a mouse model with B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells implanted in the subcutaneous space, the antitumor activity of a commercially available 5-FU topical cream (5%) was significantly enhanced when the cream was applied on a skin area that was pretreated with microneedles, as compared to when the cream was simply applied on a skin area, underneath which the tumor cells were implanted, and without pretreatment of the skin with microneedles. Fluorouracil is not approved for melanoma therapy, but the clinical efficacy of topical 5-FU against tumors such as basal cell carcinoma may be improved by integrating microneedle technology into the therapy.
A simplified biological synthesis of labeled cholesteryl esters

A simplified procedure is described for the synthesis and purification of labelled cholesteryl esters. The esters are synthesized enzymatically from (4-14C) cholesterol and free fatty acids. The separation of the lipids from aqueous medium is simplified by lyophilizing the reaction mixture at equilibrium. The lipid components of the freeze-dried powder are separated by silicic acid chromatography. The radiochemical purity of the product was shown to be greater than 98%.
Proximity Effect and High Tc Superconductivity

Proximity system containing HT films (HT is a high Tc superconductor) allows one to take advantage of the properties of both HT and conventional materials. Josephson junctions with HT and Sc films (Sc is a semiconductor) display a strong field effect. The problems of the critical current and the microwave properties of proximity systems are discussed.
Demonstration of a continuous scanner and time-integrating correlator using spatial–spectral holography

Abstract We present a new approach to time-integrating correlation using spatial–spectral holography in which an optically modulated temporal input is spatially scanned by diffracting it from an appropriately programed spatial–spectral grating. The grating required for this scanning operation is programed into the inhomogeneously broadened medium by interfering the image of the traveling-wave diffracted light from an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) with the temporally modulated light from an acousto-optic modulator, thereby recording a spatial–spectral holographic copy of the traveling-wave scanning characteristics of the AOD. This scrolling diffracted field is interfered with a temporally modulated correlation reference and accumulated on a 1-D CCD photodetector array, and is thus quite analogous to an acousto-optic time-integrating correlator (TIC), but without the inherent bandwidth limits of acoustic-wave propagation. This spatial–spectral holographic TIC is experimentally demonstrated at bandwidths of about 30 MHz with 150 resolvable spots and 10 ms of coherent integration time, and the prospect for much wider bandwidth, longer integration time, larger processing gain, and higher resolution are explored.
Thermal shock resistance behavior of a functionally graded ceramic: Effects of finite cooling rate

This work presents a semi-analytical model to explore the effects of cooling rate on the thermal shock resistance behavior of a functionally graded ceramic (FGC) plate with a periodic array of edge cracks. The FGC is assumed to be a thermally heterogeneous material with constant elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio. The cooling rate applied at the FGC surface is modeled using a linear ramp function. An integral equation method and a closed form asymptotic temperature solution are employed to compute the thermal stress intensity factor (TSIF). The thermal shock residual strength and critical thermal shock of the FGC plate are obtained using the SIF criterion. Thermal shock simulations for an Al2O3/Si3N4 FGC indicate that a finite cooling rate leads to a significantly higher critical thermal shock than that under the sudden cooling condition. The residual strength, however, is relatively insensitive to the cooling rate.
Whose Job is Management Development? Comparing the Choices

Managers and human resource specialists often prefer a particular approach to the delivery of training and development above all others. Frequently, this approach is advocated as a blanket solution to a firm′s managerial problems with little consideration of other approaches. The strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches to management development are evaluated and their application for developing different levels of management in small and large companies is discussed.
Territoriality and Behavior in a Population of Pikas (Ochotona princeps)

Pikas ( Ochotona princeps ) were studied on three talus slopes during the summers of 1974 and 1975 in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 2,900 m, Gunnison Co., Colorado. The pattern of social organization among marked resident adults was one where males and females maintained territories, which excluded other residents of the same sex but overlapped considerably with residents of the opposite sex forming a pair-wise distribution. Dominance relationships were dependent upon age, residency, and sex; resident adults always expelled intruders of the same sex but were never observed to be dominant outside their territories. Aggressive behavior, exhibited by chases and fights, was the predominant factor in maintenance of territories. Scent-marking and vocalizations occurred in a variety of circumstances and scent-marks did not deter intrusion of invading pikas. Vocalization and olfaction are proposed as means to modify aggressive behavior through sexual and individual recognition.
Abstract B54: RON overexpression drives macrophage differentiation toward an alternatively activated (M2) phenotype in a mouse model of spontaneous pancreatic carcinogenesis.

The RON receptor is frequently over-expressed in pancreatic cancer. We developed a mouse model of spontaneous pancreatic carcinogenesis driven by RON overexpression and oncogenic KRAS (RCK). RCK mice demonstrate accelerated PanIN progression to invasive cancer marked by desmoplasia that is highly characteristic of human disease. RON signaling in macrophages induces differentiation towards the alternatively activated (M2) phenotype, which promotes tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that pancreatic RON overexpression in RCK mice may promote changes in the tumor microenvironment, specifically by driving the differentiation of infiltrating macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. Methods: Pancreatic tissues from RCK and CK controls (3-12 months) were analyzed via immunofluorescent (IMF) staining to quantify myeloid infiltration. Single cell suspensions were generated from pancreatic and splenic tissues. CD11b+F4/80+ myeloid cell populations, as well as CD11c+ M1 and MRC1+ M2 subpopulations, were analyzed via FACS. Results: RCK pancreata demonstrated increased CD11b+F4/80+ myeloid infiltration at 6-12 months. In RCK, pancreatic myeloid cells were skewed toward the M2 phenotype compared with CK controls (MRC1+ 39% vs. 10% p<0.05, respectively). The expression profile of myeloid cells from the spleens was unchanged in CK vs. RCK (4-15% CD11c+, <1% MRC1+). There was no change in the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations (CD11b+Gr1+) in the spleen or pancreas of these animals. Conclusion: Pancreatic RON overexpression shifts infiltrating myeloid differentiation toward the M2 phenotype in this murine model. This data reveals a direct connection between aberrant RON signaling and the tumor permissive inflammatory infiltrate present within the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Citation Format: Michele L. Babicky, Megan M. Harper, Evangeline Mose, Dawn Jaquish, Randall French, Andrew M. Lowy. RON overexpression drives macrophage differentiation toward an alternatively activated (M2) phenotype in a mouse model of spontaneous pancreatic carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B54.
Effects of the thermal gradient on the moisture migration in a cylindrical concrete vessel

Analyse mathematique du transfert de masse dans un cylindre creux de beton poreux soumis a un flux thermique interne
Assessment of Perceptual Discrepancy: Utility of the Primary Communication Inventory†

The Primary Communication Inventory was factor-analyzed in order to validate the subscales of this instrument. These subscales were derived by Navran (20) on the basis of face validity and were labeled verbal and nonverbal communication subscales. The analysis yielded two factors. However, they could not be labeled verbal and nonverbal. Instead, the factors were interpreted as: (a) the individual's perceptions of own communication ability, and (b) the spouse's perceptions of the individual's communication ability. The scoring of the Primary Communication Inventory was revised and used as a measure of perceptual discrepancy between husbands and wives. Interestingly, discrepancy within the marital dyad was greater for the nondistressed participants than for the distressed participants. The results illustrate the potentially adaptive nature of positive perceptual distortion within the marital dyad and the potential utility for future research of calculating perceptual discrepancy scores for each spouse using the Primary Communication Inventory.
RECRUITERS' USE OF GPA IN INITIAL SCREENING DECISIONS: HIGHER GPAs DON'T ALWAYS MAKE THE CUT

The relationship between college grade point average (GPA) and recruiters' initial screening decisions was examined using data from 548 job postings in a college recruitment program. Results indicate that in-major grade point average (GPA) is more strongly associated with screening decisions (p= 0.18, SDP= 0.200) than is overall GPA (p= 0.06, SDP= 0.187), but the magnitudes of the relationships varied across decision sets including a larger number of negative values than would be expected from sampling error alone. Subsequent examination of the bivariate data identified 6 different plot types suggesting that recruiters use a variety of GPA decision rules to initially screen applicants in college recruiting. The most common data plots found in 42% of the decision sets suggests that recruiters do not use GPA in screening decisions. But a surprising 81 of 548 decision sets indicated recruiters selected against applicants with high GPAs. Evidence that organizations recruiting for the same job produced different plot types suggests that the use of GPA data in initial screening decisions may be idiosyncratic to individual recruiters.
Electrophoretic mobility of mouse cells and homologous isolated nuclei

The electrophoretic mobilities of Ehrlich ascites, sarcoma 37 ascites, mouse liver cells and their isolated nuclei were measured under similar environmental conditions. No differences in mobility were detected between cells and homologous nuclei from the same cell population and it was concluded that their surface charge densities were probably the same. The effect of neuraminidase on Ehrlich ascites and liver cells and nuclei was also determined; neuraminidase reduced the mobility of Ehrlich ascites cell nuclei as well as cells. The reduction in mobility of cells and nuclei prepared by a sucrose method was the same; however, the reduction in mobility of citric acid prepared nuclei was less than that of citric acid treated cells. The reduction in mobility of both liver cells and nuclei was small or insignificant. It is suggested that although cells and nuclei have similar electrophoretic mobilities, possibly different groups contribute to their surface charge.
Feasibility of aluminium nitride formation in aluminum alloys

Abstract The feasibility of forming aluminum nitride by in situ reactive nitrogen gas injection into molten aluminum alloys has been evaluated both analytically and experimentally over the temperature range from 700 to 1500°C. It is shown that aluminum nitride can be melt formed in the presence of Mg and Si, with nitrogen and/or ammonia as the reactive gases at temperature above 1100°C. In this role, magnesium serves as a catalyst. Magnesium niride is first formed in the vapor phase by the reaction of vaporized magnesium and nitrogen gas, followed by incorporation of magnesium nitride particles into the molten aluminum. Via an in situ substitution reaction, aluminum nitride forms between magnesium nitride and aluminum. Up to 17 wt.% aluminum nitride in an aluminum alloy has been formed with an average reinforcement size of 3 μm. The potential for this process permits economical liquid phase processing of aluminum nitride-aluminum metal matrix composite with nitrogen gas injection for structural, thermal and wear applications.
Heterogeneity of Presumably Homogeneous Protein Preparations

Some highly purified glycolytic enzymes have been subjected to isoelectric focusing and found to contain a number of enzymatically active species. Crystalline aldolase A and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle were resolved into five components, crystalline aldolase from yeast was resolved into three components, pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle yielded four components, and yeast enolase was resolved into two components. Rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase (M4) gave one major peak of protein and enzymatic activity. The profiles of aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and yeast aldolases suggest random combinations of two closely related subunits into tetramers and dimers, respectively. The molecular heterogeneity of the other enzymes is not so easily related to subunit structure.
Detection of intermediate complexes by evaluation of the difference between γ‐globulin and igg concentrations

A simple analysis based on techniques readily available in the routine clinical laboratory has been presented for identification of patients with moderate and high levels of intermediate complexes. If the gamma-globulin concentration determined by serum protein electrophoresis minus the IgG concentration determined by radial immunodiffusion exceeds 1.0 gm/dl, intermediate complexes of IgG should be present in concentrations greater than 0.5 gm/dl. In principle, any disease association with sufficient polymerization of IgG might cause an abnormal result with this analysis. Furthermore, sera from patients with liver disease and marked beta-gamma-bridging on electrophoresis may also give abnormal values.
An Application Specific Interconnect Fabric (ASIF) for Free-space Global Optical Intrachip Interconnects

We propose a new architecture, in which a 3-D optoelectronic Application Specific Interconnection Fabric (ASIF) is coupled to a conventional Silicon integrated circuit to alleviate the performance-limiting aspects of long metal interconnects.
Noncoordinate changes in the steady‐state mrna expressed from aldolase A and aldolase C genes during differentiation of chicken myoblasts

In chickens, as in all vertebrates, tissue-specific expression of aldolase isozymes A, B, and C is developmentally coordinated. These developmental transitions in aldolase expression have been studied most extensively by charting enzyme activity during normal and abnormal development of specific vertebrate tissues. Indeed, aldolase expression has been a key marker for normal differentiation and for retrodifferentiation during carcinogenesis. Aldolase expression during chicken myoblast differentiation offers a model for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of these developmental transitions at the level of gene expression. For these studies, cDNAs encoding the most isozyme-specific regions of both chicken aldolase A and C were cloned. The chicken aldolase A cDNA represents the first report of this sequence. Aldolase steady-state mRNA expression was measured during chicken myoblast differentiation in primary cultures using RNase protection assays with cRNA probes generated from these aldolase cDNA clones. Steady-state mRNA for aldolase C, the predominant embryonic aldolase isozyme in chickens, did not significantly change throughout myoblast differentiation. In contrast, expression of steady-state mRNA for aldolase A, the only aldolase isozyme found in adult-skeletal muscle, was not detected until after myoblast fusion was approximately 50% completed. Aldolase A expression gradually increased throughout myoblast differentiation until approximately 48 h after fusion was completed when there was a dramatic increase. These results are contrasted with those of Turner et al. (1974) [Dev Biol 37:63-89] that showed a coordinated switch in isozyme activities between the embryonic aldolase C and the muscle-specific aldolase A. This discordant expression indicates that the aldolase A and C genes may employ different regulatory mechanisms during myoblast differentiation.
Quantitative determination of phosphatase activity in chick embryo duodenum cultured in fluid media with and without hydrocortisone.

DIFFERENTIATION and phosphatase accumulation in the intestinal epithelium of the sixteen-day chick embryo cultured in vitro were accelerated by the addition of hydrocortisone to the nutritive medium1. When an attempt was made to culture relatively large pieces of duodenum, in order to determine phosphatase content quantitatively, it was found that the best survival and differentiation were obtained in those specimens that liquefied the plasma clot on which they were placed; such free-floating pieces maintained a normal surface configuration without any tendency to form the elaborate outgrowths that develop when a solid substrate is present. This observation has now led to the finding that as much as 25 mgm. of embryonio duodenum may be successfully cultured in 2 ml. of fluid, in a 25-ml. Erlenmeyer flask.
Using preschool materials to modify the language of disadvantaged children.

Abstract Although language remediation programs have generally been conducted with the use of special materials in structured group settings, traditional preschool practice emphasizes “incidental teaching” incorporated into children's free play. To determine if incidental teaching practices could be effective in improving children's speech, this study investigated the spontaneous speech of 12 disadvantaged children during free-play periods over eight months of a preschool program. Whenever the children selected a preschool play material, they were prompted and required to ask for it, first by name (noun), then by name plus a word that described the material (adjective-noun combination), then by use of a color adjuctive-noun combination, and finally by requesting the material and describing how they were going to use it (compound sentence). As each requirement was made, the children's general use of that aspect of language markedly increased, but little change was noted in the amount or nature of the children's interactions with teachers or their use of a set of materials to which they had free access. This study demonstrates that preschool free-play periods can be powerful “incidental teaching” periods by capitalizing on moments when children seek new play materials.
A 70-year-old woman with dementia and multiple carious lesions: A complicated decision-pathway

Abstract Case Presentation A 70-year-old woman with dementia was enrolled in the Dental Education in Care of Persons with Disability (DECOD) program at the University of Washington in October 2000. Her chief complaint, as listed by her husband, was that she had "at least 6 cavities diagnosed by her previous dentist, who was unable to obtain x-rays due to the her restlessness." There was no indication that the patient was experiencing any acute symptoms of pain or infection of dental origin. Her disability was described by her physicians as a "motor neuron variant of frontotemporal dementia which results in virtual loss of speech, limited comprehension, and restlessness." The previous dentist recommended that she would need to be well sedated, although she had tolerated dental prophylaxes by the hygienist at the nursing home several months ago. A health history indicated that the patient's vocabulary was reduced to virtually only "yes" or "no" and that these responses were unreliable. She required assistance for all activities of daily living and must be "dressed, fed, bathed, and is incontinent." The length of her disability was described as "about 1 ½ years." J Evid Base Dent Pract 2003;3:39-51
Concurrent Radiotherapy with Carboplatin and Cetuximab for the Treatment of Medically Compromised Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Cetuximab (Cx) + radiation therapy (RT) is well tolerated and has improved survival in patients (pts) with LA-HNSCC. However, its efficacy when compared to HD-DDP + RT has been questioned. At our institution, low-dose weekly carboplatin is added to cetuximab + RT for pts unsuitable for HD-DDP. Methods: We reviewed records of 16 pts with LA-HNSCC treated with definitive Cx + carboplatin + RT at the University of Miami from 2007-2011. Median follow-up was 24 months (range: 1-69 months). Results: Median age: 71.5 years (range: 57-90 years); 15 male, 1 female. ECOG PS 0=15, 1=1. TNM staging was: T1= 1, T2= 5, T3=8, T4=2; N stage: N0=8, N1=5, N2a=2, N2b=1. All pts received weekly carboplatin (AUC 1.5-2), Cx given conventionally and daily conventionally-fractionated RT. Median total weeks of concurrent systemic therapy= 7 (range: 3-8 weeks). RT was delivered to a median total dose of 70 Gy (range 30-74 Gy). Of the 15 evaluable pts, there were: 12 CR, 2 PR, and 1 PD. There were 3 local in-field failures, 2 regional failures, and 3 distant failures. At last follow-up, 8/15 pts remained with NED. 3-year locoregional recurrence was 28.3% (95% CI: 7.7%-53.9%). Mean percentage of weight loss was 14% (range: 6-26%). Two pts required systemic therapy dose-reduction. Three pts experienced a treatment delay and 3 did not finish RT as planned including a pt who received only 30Gy due to death secondary to MI during treatment. Conclusions: In this small retrospective series, carboplatin/Cx/RT was well-tolerated and efficacious in pts unsuitable for HD-DDP having LA-HNSCC. Acute toxicities were similar to Cx + RT, likely due to the non-overlapping toxicity profiles of the two systemic agents. We hypothesize that the addition of a well-tolerated cytotoxic chemotherapy agent may improve the therapeutic ratio of Cx + RT in pts who are poor candidates for more aggressive therapies and warrants evaluation in a prospective manner.
Applications and theory of the solid immersion lens

The diffraction limited spot size in optical imaging, recording and lithography can be decreased by use of the Solid Immersion Lens (SIL). The simplest form of the SIL utilizes a hemispherical lens with the rays of a focused beam entering along its radii to from a spot a the flat surface of the hemisphere. The spot size is decreased from that in free space by a factor 1/n, where n is the refractive index. If an object to be imaged in spaced close enough to the SIL, this reduced spot size is obtained at the disk. In this case the effective numerical aperture of the lens can be greater than one. Applications of the SIL to microscopy, lithography, and optical storage are discussed. They typical SIL is of the order of 2-3 mm diameter. However, we also raise the possibility of using lenses a few micrometers diameter made by micromachining techniques. The problem of tolerances of such lenses is discussed.
A standardized template for measuring and reporting telephone pre-arrival cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions

Abstract Background Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival. Telephone CPR (TCPR) comprises CPR instruction given by emergency dispatchers to bystanders responding to OHCA and the CPR performed as a result. TCPR instructions improve bystander CPR rates, but the quality of the instructions varies widely. No standardized system exists to critically evaluate the TCPR intervention. Methods Investigators analyzed audio recordings of suspected OHCA calls from a large regional 9-1-1 dispatch center and applied descriptive terms, a data collection tool and a six metric reporting template to describe TCPR. Data were obtained from October 2010 to November 2011. Dispatcher recognition of CPR need, delivery of TCPR instructions, and bystander CPR performance were documented. Results A total of 590 calls were analyzed. Call evaluators achieved “near perfect agreement” with 5/6 reporting metrics and “strong agreement” on the 6th metric: percentage of calls where need for CPR was recognized by dispatch. CPR was indicated in 317 calls and already in progress in 94. Dispatchers recognized the need for TCPR in 176 of the 223 (79%) remaining calls. CPR instructions were started in 65/223 (29%) and bystander CPR resulting from TCPR instructions was started in 31/223 (14%). Conclusion We developed and demonstrated successful implementation of a simple data collection and reporting system for critical evaluation of the TCPR intervention. A standardized methodology for measuring TCPR is necessary to perform on-going quality improvement, to establish performance standards, and for future research on how to optimize bystander CPR rates and OHCA survival.
Hydrogeochemical prospecting for porphyry copper deposits in the tropical-marine climate of Puerto Rico

Abstract A hydrogeochemical survey utilizing waters from streams and springs was conducted in the area of two known porphyry copper deposits in the tropical-marine climate of westcentral Puerto Rico. The most important pathfinder for regional hydrogeochemical surveys is sulfate which reflects the associated pyrite mineralization. Because of increased mobility due to intense chemical weathering and the low pH environment, dissolved copper can also be used as a pathfinder for regional surveys and has the advantage of distinguishing barren pyrite from pyrite associated with copper mineralization. For follow-up surveys, the most important pathfinders are copper, sulfate, pH, zinc, and fluoride. High concentrations of dissolved copper and moderate concentrations of sulfate is a diagnostic indication of nearby sources of copper minerals. An understanding of the geochemical processes taking place in the streambeds and the weathering environment, such as the precipitation of secondary copper minerals, contributes to the interpretation of the geochemical data and the selection of the most favorable areas for further exploration.
Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the origin of Wess-Zumino terms: Some quantum-mechanical examples.

I provide some simple quantum-mechanical examples in which the Berry phase gives rise to Wess-Zumino terms. The connection with the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is also discussed.
Sensitivity of Plantar Pressure and Talonavicular Alignment to Lateral Column Lengthening in Flatfoot Reconstruction

Background: Lateral column lengthening (LCL) of the calcaneus is commonly performed as part of correction of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Increases in postoperative lateral plantar pressure associated with pain in the lateral aspect of the foot have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in pressures in the lateral aspect of the forefoot with increments of 6, 8, and 10 mm of LCL in a cadaveric flatfoot model. The hypothesis was that increasing the LCL incrementally by 2 mm will linearly increase the plantar pressures in the lateral aspect of the forefoot. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric foot specimens were used. A robot compressively loaded the foot to 400 N with a 310-N tensile load applied to the Achilles tendon. A flatfoot model was created by resecting the medial and inferior soft tissues of the midfoot, followed by axial load of 800 N for 100 cycles. Kinematic and plantar pressure data were gathered after the different amounts of LCL (6, 8, and 10 mm) were achieved. Results: The talonavicular joint demonstrated a median abduction angle of 4.4° in the axial plane and −2.6° in the sagittal plane in the flatfoot condition as compared with the intact condition. The 6, 8, and 10-mm LCLs showed axial correction of talonavicular alignment by −1.4°, −4.9°, and −9.2° beyond that of the intact foot, and sagittal correction of −0.1°, 1.3°, and 2.9°, respectively. LCL of 6, 8, and 10 mm showed consistently increasing lateral forefoot average mean pressure, peak pressure, and contact area. Conclusions: LCL in 2-mm increments consistently reduced talonavicular abduction and consistently increased plantar pressure in the lateral aspect of the forefoot. Clinical Relevance: The lateral column should be lengthened judiciously, as a 2-mm difference leads to significant difference not only in angular correction of the talonavicular joint but also with regard to pressure in the lateral aspect of the forefoot.
Global quasi-static mechanical characterization of the human knee under single- and multi-axis unconstrained loading conditions

A substantial number of knee injuries are reported in the United States annually, and are principally observed among young athletes. ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injury is one of the most common and devastating knee injuries [1]. Many factors influence such injuries, from anatomical variability to magnitude and direction of loading. A better understanding of knee biomechanics and injury mechanisms may improve current preventative, surgical and rehabilitation strategies, and thus, mediate injury risk. Considerable study of knee joint biomechanics under various modes of loading has been undertaken [2–4]. Additional work is needed to characterize the effects of different loading factors on knee biomechanics, especially ACL loading patterns under more physiologically relevant conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a new technique to investigate the effects of various single- and multi-axes loading conditions on knee kinematics, ACL and MCL (medial collateral ligament) strains, and TF (tibiofemoral) articular cartilage pressure distribution under quasistatic loading conditions that simulate various weight bearing activities.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Electron-hole alignment in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots: Effects of chemical composition and dot shape

We investigate theoretically the effects of chemical composition and shape on the electronic states in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots, by using an eight-band strain-dependent $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ Hamiltonian. For a number of InAs dots with different shapes, and especially with different gallium concentration profiles, we found various ranges of separation between electrons and holes. We show that gallium diffusion changes the confining potential for both electrons and holes through the strain profile in the dots, leading to totally different hole states from those in pure InAs dots. We also compute the electron-hole separation as a function of electron and hole energy levels. For the same gallium concentration profile, pyramidal dots exhibit the inverted alignment with the largest electron-hole separation compared with other two types, truncated-pyramidal and lens-shaped dots. Our calculations agree well with recent experiments [P.W. Fry et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 733 (2000)].
Deficits in reversal learning in Burmese cats with bilateral association-area lesions

Pure-bred Burmese cats, with complete bilateral association-area lesions, were impaired in learning successive discrimination reversals.
Exact computation of the 9-j symbols

Abstract A useful algebraic for the 9-j symbol has been written for inconvinient use on a computer. A simple FORTRAN program for the exact computation of 9-j symbols has been written for the VAX with VMS version V5.4-1 according to this formula. The results agree with the approximate values in existing literature. Some specific values of 9-j symbols needed for the intensity and alignments of three-photon nonresonant transitions are tabulated. Approximate 9-j symbol values beyond the limitation of the computer can also be computed by this program. The computer code of the exact computation of 3-j, 6-j and 9-j symbols are through electronic mail upon request.
Microstructural damage and ductility of CuCo alloys under dynamic loading conditions

Abstract An expanding ring technique has been employed to study the influence of microstructure on the uniform strain and the initiation of fracture in precipitation-type alloys subjected to dynamic loading. Significant increases in the average uniform strain were observed in solution-treated and aged copper cobalt alloys subjected to strain rates in the range (103−104) s−1. The deformation structures observed after dynamic loading were characterized by incompletely developed dislocation cell structures in solution-treated alloys and the loss of precipitate cohenrency in peak-aged alloys. Dynamically loaded overaged alloys wxhibited microvoids and dense dislocation tangles connecting dispersed incoherent precipitates; dynamic fracture occurred by void interconnection along grain boundaries. The increase in ductility under the dynamic loading conditions is attributed to the limited time available for void growth and interconnection, plus the reduced level of strain localization owing to incompletely formed low energy cell configurations.
Zinc sensitivity in Phaseolus: Expression in cell culture

Abstract A significant intercultivar difference exists for growth over levels of zinc in whole plants of Phaseolus vulgaris cvs. Sanilac and Saginaw, but not for epicotyl-derived dark-grown callus cultures. The partially differentiated states obtained under various callus cultural regimes are seen to dissect metabolism, resulting in the assignment of genetic lesions to a certain part of metabolism. In this case, zinc sensitivity is assigned to a step in photosynthesis, some related metabolism, or a shoot-specific isozyme. Variance in growth of callus cultures was partitioned. Analysis of variance shows the importance of experimental design for the detection of significant differences and identifies parameters governing growth of cells in culture heretofore not quantitatively investigated.
Effect of orally administered potassium iodate on blood sugar response to thiourea.

SummaryOral administration of potassium lodate for a 2-day period in drinking water prevented the hyperglycemia which followed thiourea injection in rats.
Adaptation of malate dehydrogenase to environmental temperature variability in two populations of Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.

The responses of the kinetic properties of malate dehydrogenase to environmental temperature variability were compared for two populations of Potentilla glandulosa (Rosaceae). The two populations are native to regions of contrasting climates, with the inland population experiencing a high level of temperature variability during growth and the coastal populaton a low level of temperature variability. The substrate binding ability, as measured by apparent K m of both populations was relatively insensitive to assay temperature (Q 10<2.0) over the range of temperatures likely to be encountered during growth. The breadth of this thermal optimum was different for the two populations with the K m of the inland plants exhibiting relative temperature insensitivity over a much wider range of temperatures than the K m of the coastal plants. There was no difference between the two populations in the thermal stability of MDH activity.
Significance of glucose oxidase in lignin degradation

GLUCOSE oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) is commonly found in the stagnant substratum of lignocellulose degrading fungi accompanying phenol oxidases, cellulases and glucosidases1–4, where the steady-state supply of available oxygen is undoubtedly very limited5. Yet oxidants other than oxygen have heretofore received little attention as potential co-substrates of this enzyme despite its poor affinity for oxygen4,6. Spectrophotometric studies reported here on the interaction of glucose oxidase with transitory quinone and free-radical lignol oxidation products demonstrate that these intermediates are capable of serving as co-substrates of the reduced flavoenzyme at low oxygen tensions. Evidence is presented which suggests that glucose oxidase operates in concert with laccase, the principal phenol oxidase of Polyporous versicolor3,7, a typical ‘white-rot’ fungus noted for its capacity to degrade lignin1,8–12, to maintain a laccase–glucose: quinone oxidoreductase cycle in the fungal substratum by which lignol substrates may become highly oxygenated and ultimately degraded.
Unit-distance graphs, graphs on the integer lattice and a Ramsey type result

Let (R 2, 1) denote the graph withR 2 as the vertex set and two vertices adjacent if and only if their Euclidean distance is 1. The problem of determining the chromatic numberχ(R 2, 1) is still open; however,χ(R 2, 1) is known to be between 4 and 7. By a theorem of de Bruijn and Erdos, it is enough to consider only finite subgraphs of (R 2, 1). By a recent theorem of Chilakamarri, it is enough to consider certain graphs on the integer lattice. More precisely, forr > 0, let (Z 2,r, $$\sqrt 2 $$ ) denote a graph with vertex setZ 2 and two vertices adjacent if and only if their Euclidean distance is in the closed interval [r − $$\sqrt 2 $$ ,r + $$\sqrt 2 $$ ]. A simple graph is faithfully $$\sqrt 2 $$ -recurring inZ 2 if there exists a real numberd > 0 such that, for arbitrarily larger, G is isomorphic to a subgraph of (Z 2,r, $$\sqrt 2 $$ ) in which every pair of vertices are at least distancedr apart. Chilakamarri has shown that, ifG is a finite simple graph, thenG is isomorphic to a subgraph of (R 2, 1) if and only ifG is faithfully $$\sqrt 2 $$ -recurring inZ 2. In this paper we prove thatχ(Z 2,r, $$\sqrt 2 $$ ) ≥ 5 for integersr ≥ 1. We also prove a Ramsey type result which states that for any integerr > 1, and any coloring ofZ 2 either there exists a monochromatic pair of vertices with their distance in the closed interval [r − $$\sqrt 2 $$ ,r + $$\sqrt 2 $$ ] or there exists a set of three vertices closest to each other with three distinct colors.
Geometry of pure spinor formalism in superstring theory

Abstract Projective embedding of an isotropic Grassmannian OGr + ( 5 , 10 ) into projective space of spinor representation S can be characterized with a help of Γ -matrices by equations Γ α β i λ α λ β = 0 . A polynomial function of degree N with values in S defines a map to OGr + ( 5 , 10 ) if its coefficients satisfy a 2 N + 1 quadratic equations. Algebra generated by coefficients of such polynomials is a coordinate ring of the quantum isotropic Grassmannian. We show that this ring is based on a lattice; its defining relations satisfy straightened law. This enables us to compute the Poincare series of the ring.
Know your colleague

Presents biographies of selected engineers who have contributed their talent and expertise to the field of engineering.
Narrative Strategies of Post-Genocide Argentine Filmmaking: The Decade of the 1980s

Fil: Zylberman, Lior Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Centro de Estudios sobre Genocidio; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina
RRM2 induces NF-kappaB-dependent MMP-9 activation and enhances cellular invasiveness.

Abstract Ribonucleotide reductase is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes conversion of ribonucleotide 5′-diphosphates to their 2′-deoxynucleotide forms, a rate-limiting step in the production of 2′-deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates required for DNA synthesis. The ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit (RRM2) is a determinant of malignant cellular behavior in a range of human cancers. We examined the effect of RRM2 overexpression on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cellular invasiveness and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor activity. RRM2 overexpression increases pancreatic adenocarcinoma cellular invasiveness and MMP-9 expression in a NF-κB-dependent manner. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of RRM2 expression attenuates cellular invasiveness and NF-κB activity. NF-κB is a key mediator of the invasive phenotypic changes induced by RRM2 overexpression.
Phonon sideband spectroscopy and 1550 nm luminescence from Eu3+ and Er3+-doped ferroelectric PLZT for active electro-optic applications

Abstract This work reports the spectroscopic behavior of erbium- and europium-doped electro-optic PLZT. Fluorescence at 1.55 μm from Er3+ : PLZT was found to be spectrally broad and flat in comparison to commercially utilized electro-optic materials such as LiNbO3. Phonon sideband spectroscopy of the 7 F o → 5 D 2 pure electronic transition in Eu3+ showed the highest energy phonon from PLZT to be at 750 cm−1. This reduced phonon energy, coupled with moderately high refractive indices inferring large radiative transition probabilities, mark PLZT as a candidate material for efficient lossless and/or amplifying electro-optic devices in optical communication networks.
A Pilot Study of Previously Abused and Non-Sexually Abused Children's Responses to a Personal Safety Program.

ABSTRACT Extant evaluations suggest that personal safety programs can teach young children knowledge and skills thought to be useful in preventing or escaping sexual abuse. Whether these results generalize to sexually abused children has yet to be determined. To address this issue, 13 sexually abused and 13 children with no history of sexual abuse were taught a personal safety program by their parents (or caretakers). Both groups of children demonstrated significant increases in skills and knowledge scores following the program. No negative reactions to the program were observed by parents, and sexually abused children exhibited fewer inappropriate sexual behaviors following program participation. These results suggest that sexually abused children (ages 3 to 7) can learn personal safety knowledge and skills.
Esterification of 3-nitropropanoic acid to glucose by suspension cultures of Coronilla varia☆

Abstract Coronilla varia suspension cultures incorporated exogenous 3-nitropropanoic acid into 3-nitropropanoyl- D -glucopyranoses, increasing their levels 600-fold over control values. The resulting levels of 3-nitropropanoyl- D -glucopyranoses were still lower than those in C . varia plants but were high enough for isolation of hiptagin (1,2,4,6-tetra(3-nitropropanoyl)-β- D -glucopyranose), coronarian and cibarian. Structural assignments were partially made on the basis of 360 MHz 1 H NMR spectra.