cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement Bounds for Compressed Sensing with Missing Data

In this paper, we study the feasibility of the exact recovery of a sparse vector from its linear measurements when there are missing data. For this setting, the random sampling approach employed in compressed sensing is known to provide excellent reconstruction accuracy. However, when there is missing data, the theoretical guarantees associated with the sparse vector recovery have not been well studied. Therefore, in this paper, we derive an upper bound on the minimum number of measurements required to ensure faithful recovery of a sparse signal when the generation of missing data is modeled using an erasure channel. We show that the number of measurements required scales as – [log(1 – p + Cp)]-1 to overcome the missing data with arbitrarily high probability, where p is the probability of observing (not missing) a measurement and 0 < C < 1 is a constant that depends on the properties of the measurement matrix and the recovery algorithm. Our analysis is based on the restricted isometric property of the measurement matrix whose entries as well as the dimension are random.
Hartmann testing and vibration for RST (WFIRST)

An important question in the development of the Roman Space Telescope (RST) is how to optically test it at the highest levels of assembly, after the instruments have been integrated with the telescope. Our current strategy is double-pass testing using image-based wavefront sensing (phase retrieval). In this paper, we consider alternative strategies based on Hartmann testing, using either a pupil-plane mask or a mirror array. We developed first-order design considerations for the implementation of such Hartmann tests in the context of RST and designed two specific Hartmann tests to evaluate in further simulations. One of the major suggested benefits of Hartmann testing is insensitivity to vibrations that induce either line-of-sight jitter or dynamic changes in wavefront aberration. In order to understand whether this is true (and under what conditions), we developed a physical optics simulation of our two Hartmann tests under both Gaussian line-of-sight jitter and sinusoidal dynamic secondary mirror motion. We then also developed a data reduction process for fitting these Hartmann test images and estimating system wavefronts.
Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data.

In their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of COVID-19–related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations. The editorialists discuss lessons from this analysis and the role of modeling to inform decision making related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises.
Unilateral cystoid macular edema and bilateral subfoveal hyperreflectivity following docetaxel chemotherapy: A case report.

Abstract Purpose To report the findings of unilateral cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with bilateral sub-foveal hyperreflectivity in a patient previously diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide. Observations A 69-year-old female on docetaxel and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer developed blurry vision 20 days after initiation of therapy. Ophthalmic examination revealed reduced visual acuity with bilateral retinal pigment epithelium mottling and annular sub-foveal thickening in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed cystoid macular changes in the right eye and central sub-macular hyperreflectivity of outer layers in both eyes. Six-months after discontinuation of therapy, OCT findings remained unchanged and visual acuity did not improve. Conclusionsand importance CME may occur in patients taking taxanes, but this finding associated with sub-macular hyperreflectivity of the outer layers in diagnostic testing has never been reported before. Sub-macular deposits found in this patient may be responsible for decreased vision and did not respond to cessation of therapy.
A people’s history of leisure studies: The life and ideology of Channing Tobias

Histories of the African American YMCA movement have largely silenced the Black actors who made that movement possible. The act of centering those individuals, not just as actors, but as thinkers c...
Examining client self-exploration in motivational interviewing: Preliminary psychometrics of an observational rating measure.

Abstract Purpose We examine in-session self-exploration among Latinx heavy drinkers who received a motivational interview (MI) to reduce heavy drinking. The goals of this study are to report the validity and reliability of an adaptation of the Global Client Rating for Self-Exploration from the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code (MISC SE). Method The study measured the MISC SE as three subscales (Emotional, Cognitive, New Learning/Developing Discrepancy SE) to assess underlying processes that might allow for higher predictive validity in relation to behavioral change (drinking) outcomes. The study created a dichotomous variable, Personally Relevant Vulnerable Making (PR-VM), to distinguish the disclosure of particularly sensitive material related to drinking behavior. The study used the measure of Everyday Discrimination as a criterion variable for the PR-VM measure. The study collected observationally rated data for n = 158 participants. Results Subscales showed moderate correlations with the MISC SE (r = 0.421 to 0.574, p Conclusions The subscale adaptation of the SE measure may provide a sensitive approach to understanding how self-exploration relates to behavior change in the context of MI.
Black Lives, Mass Incarceration, and the Perpetuity of Trauma in the Era of COVID-19: The Road to Abolition Social Work

This chapter offers a historically based overview of trauma in an attempt to quantify the impact of the coronavirus pandemic midyear 2020 on Black people (inclusive of the author)— and by extension, carceral populations. This author argues that the present experience of Black people disproportionately impacted by carceral systems cannot be truly understood without a historical understanding of the perpetuity of their trauma amid the quest for white supremacy. The chapter concludes by offering a framework towards “abolition social work”—and thus an actualization of social work’s core values.
Erratum: “A comparison of pseudomorphic bcc phase stability in Zr/Nb and Ti/Nb thin film multilayers” [J. Mater. Res. 19, 707 (2004)]

This article was originally published in [J. Mater. Res. 19, 707 (2004)] and was incorrectly printed. The correct version appears below.
Racial/ethnic, gender, and age group differences in cardiometabolic risks among adults in a Northern California health plan: a cross-sectional study

Background In the U.S., the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension are higher among African American/Black (Black), Latinx, and Filipino adults than non-Hispanic White (White) and Chinese adults. We compared the racial/ethnic-specific prevalence of several modifiable cardiometabolic risks in an insured adult population to identify behaviors that may drive racial/ethnic differences in cardiometabolic health. Methods This cross-sectional study used data for middle-aged (35-64) and older (65-79) Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) adult health plan members. Smoking status and BMI were derived from electronic health record data. Weighted pooled self-reported data from the 2014/2015 and 2017 KPNC Member Health Survey cycles were used to estimate daily number of servings of fruits/vegetables, general sodium avoidance, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption frequency, alcohol use within daily recommended limit, weekly exercise frequency, and number of hours of sleep daily. Age-standardized estimates of all cardiometabolic risks were produced for middle-aged and older-aged women and men in the five racial/ethnic groups. Analyses focused on racial/ethnic differences within age-gender groups and gender and age group differences within racial/ethnic groups. Results In both age groups, Black, Latinx, and Filipino adults were more likely than White and Chinese adults to have overweight and obesity and were less likely to engage in health promoting dietary (fruit/vegetable and SSB consumption, sodium avoidance (women only)) and sleep behaviors. Middle-aged Black and Filipino men were more likely than White men to be current smokers. Less racial/ethnic variation was seen in exercise frequency. Significant gender differences were observed for dietary behaviors overall and within racial/ethnic groups, especially among middle-aged adults; however, these gender differences were smaller for sleep and exercise. Age differences within gender and racial/ethnic groups were less consistent. Racial/ethnic and gender differences in these behaviors were also seen in the subsample of adults with diabetes and/or hypertension and in the subsample of adults who reported they were trying to engage in health promoting behaviors. Conclusions Black, Latinx, and Filipino adults were more likely than White and Chinese adults to report dietary and sleep behaviors associated with development and worsening of cardiometabolic conditions, with men exhibiting poorer dietary behaviors than women.
Annotation of Novel Dynamic UTRs as Functional Targets of miRNAs During Cardiac Development

Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation in development and disease, predominantly through interactions with mRNA untranslated regions (UTRs). However, the dynamic and tissue specific expression of miRNAs and target UTRs throughout development is poorly characterized. In order to understand the RNA regulatory events that drive cardiac morphogenesis, we captured a simultaneous small RNA and total RNA-seq time course in zebrafish hearts. We extracted de novo transcriptome annotation of dynamically changing UTRs, revealing over ten thousand significantly altered transcripts, with novel 5’ and 3’UTRs for approximately half of all protein coding genes, and predicted regulatory miRNA/UTR interactions during development. In addition to miRNA and mRNA transcriptome resources for studies of RNA regulatory events in cardiac development and disease, this study provides a robust bioinformatic pipeline that should facilitate discovery of posttranscriptional regulatory networks in other developmental systems.
Impact of Blanching, Freezing, and Fermentation on Physicochemical, Microbial, and Sensory Quality of Sugar Kelp (Saccharina latissima).

Low seaweed consumption in the West is due to lack of availability and consumer familiarity. In this study, the effects of preservation processes on quality aspects of Saccharina latissima products were assessed. First, a blanching (100 °C for 1 or 3 min) treatment was used to produce seaweed salad. In a second study, effects of blanching, freezing, and fermentation on kelp quality were assessed and processed kelp was used to produce sauerkraut. Blanching significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the instrumental kelp a* value and firmness. The a* value negatively correlated with overall liking of salads. To prepare sauerkraut, raw, raw/frozen (−20 °C), blanched (100 °C, 1 min), or blanched/frozen kelp were mixed with cabbage, salted, inoculated with starter cultures and fermented. Inconsistent trends in L* values, firmness, and fungi enumeration were observed after fermentation. Consumers evaluated kelp salad (n = 100) and sauerkraut (n = 80) for acceptability. Blanched kelp salad had higher hedonic scores than raw kelp salad. A 100% cabbage sauerkraut control and blanched kelp/cabbage blends were compared; kelp blends were similar to control for appearance, color, and texture but were lower for overall acceptability. Results suggest improved quality and enhanced consumer acceptability of seaweed products with use of minimal processing.
The Big Picture: Overall Patterns Amidst Convoluted Developments

The concluding section systematizes the interplay of the five analyzed dimensions—economic globalization, world hegemony, political regime cycles, socio-economic inequality, and technological breakthroughs—highlighting their synergies. Their co-evolution around the world during the last 170 years accounts for the existence of four modes of governance recognizable around the world on top of all unique developments in every single society.
Cranial Bruising and Intraventricular Hemorrhage

In Reply.— The letter of Acs and Kilchevsky gives us an opportunity to reemphasize that our study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of phenobarital as prophylaxis for intracranial hemorrhage of the premature newborn. To this end, we defined possible confounders as those variables associated with both hemorrhage and phenobarbital administration. The observation of Acs and Kilchevsky that cranial bruising occurred more often in the phenobarbital-treated group and in the babies with intracranial hemorrhage is indeed important.
Oral budesonide as a therapy for protein-losing enteropathy in patients having undergone Fontan palliation.

Background. Protein-losing enteropathy is associated with Fontan palliation for single-ventricle physiology and has been difficult to treat. Limited data suggest the successful use of oral budesonide (Entocort, AstraZeneca) as a palliative measure. Methods. We examine our single-institution retrospective experience in eight patients who were treated with this therapy. Results. Median pretherapy albumin level was 1.7 g/dL (range 1.0–2.7 g/dL), 3 months after therapy was 3.1 g/dL (range 2–4.8 g/dL), and by the end of the first year was 3.4 g/dL (range 2.1–5.3 g/dL). All patients had at least a transient improvement, and at latest follow-up (median 29 months, range 3–51 months) five patients remain on therapy. Five of eight patients had required pretherapy albumin transfusions; one patient required albumin infusions after therapy. Four patients had side effects associated with the medication. Conclusions. Oral budesonide is an additional therapy that has the potential to improve symptoms and delay need for heart transplantation in this patient population.
Ad hoc wireless networks with mobile backbones

We introduce an ad hoc wireless mobile network that employs a hierarchical networking architecture and uses high and low capacity nodes. We present a topological synthesis algorithm that selects a subset of high capacity nodes to form a backbone network (Bnet). The latter is multi-tiered and consists of interconnected backbone nodes that intercommunicate across higher power (or regular) links, and also makes use of unmanned vehicles, both airborne (UAV) and ground based (UGV). For such a mobile backbone network (MBN), we introduce a protocol, MBNP, to implement the key networking schemes. The MBNP system serves to allocate resources across the network to ensure acceptable user application QoS performance, and also a highly robust backbone-oriented networking architecture. We introduce a new class of on-demand (MBNP-OD) routing algorithms that use the backbone network for selective forwarding of route-request messages, while striving to achieve an efficient MAC layer operation. We enhance these new protocols by incorporating link stability estimates to attain a robust routing operation. To ensure service quality for admitted flows, we introduce flow admission control mechanisms. We present new power control spatial reuse based algorithms for efficient utilization of the net MAC resources through the use of time slot allocations and of CSMA/CA based (IEEE 802.11 type) protocols. We present elements of the protocol and key involved algorithms, and illustrate the advantages offered by the MBNP system.
Synthesis of the GPI Anchor

Publisher Summary In the past decade, a great deal has been learned of how the mammalian protozoal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is synthesized and attached to proteins. Most of the genes involved in the pathway have been cloned and some insights into the characteristics of the activities encoded by these genes are starting to emerge. Among other things, this knowledge may have potential therapeutic implications, as differences between the mammalian, yeast, and parasite pathways are becoming apparent. Seminal studies on the ability of the GPI anchor to target polypeptides to discrete plasma membrane areas not only opened a new field of research, but also provided a rationale for the puzzling ability of GPI-anchored proteins to participate in signaling cascades. Lagging behind, however, is progress in understanding the role of the GPI-anchor intermediates in the plasma membrane and in revealing the mechanisms by which these glycolipids travel from their site of synthesis to the cell surface. Generating probes that recognize GPI anchor intermediates will be helpful in advancing current knowledge in this area of research.
Cross - Modal Influences on Gustatory Perception

Consumption experiences typically involve inputs from multiple sensory modalities. However, consumer research has seldom investigated how multiple sensory inputs may interact to affect such experiences. This research examines whether inputs from one sensory modality can influence the experience of a stimulus in another sensory modality. In a series of experiments, we find that shapes (jagged versus rounded) or lighting (bright versus dim) presented in temporal proximity to a gustatory stimulus influences participants' taste judgments as well as consumption. These findings suggest a correspondence between sensory stimuli that are typically thought to belong to categorically distinct sensory modalities.
Victim compensation revisited

Abstract The siting of an ‘efficient’ noxious facility may decrease social welfare if people care about horizontal equity. The facility decreases the relative attractiveness of the host city, decreasing land rent in the host city and increasing land rent elsewhere. Victim compensation, which promotes horizontal equity at the expense of efficiency, will increase social welfare if (a) the demand for land is relatively inelastic, (b) the demand for the output of the noxious facility is relatively elastic, and (c) the preferences for horizontal equity are relatively strong.
1.1 Detection of Virulence Genes Expressed within Infected Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the detection of virulence genes expressed within infected cells. Microbial pathogenicity cannot be fully understood without an understanding of how the pathogen responds to different environments and challenges within its host. Presumably, the coordinate expression of a subset of genes during residence in vivo is necessary for the organism to colonize, survive, and replicate within its host. Therefore, the identification of bacterial genes expressed preferentially within infected cells and infected animals is central to understanding, how bacterial pathogen circumvents the immune system and cause disease. Transposon mutagenesis is the most commonly used tool for the identification of virulence genes. The use of transposon mutagenesis is strengthened by the parallel development of tissue culture infection systems that permitted straightforward screening of large numbers of mutants. Some of these approaches exploit the properties of particular cell lines (e.g. polarized cells) or extend the classic penicillin selection method to isolate mutants that are incapable of intracellular replication and therefore they spare the killing action of β-lactam antibiotics. Further, the chapter explains signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM), an exciting new methodology. STM has furthered the use of transposon mutagenesis to identify essential virulence genes by permitting the simultaneous screening of large pools of mutants in a single animal.
Enhancing Learning Using Modular Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN) Hands-On Experiments

This paper presents the use of WSN in educational research as a platform for enhanced learning through hands-on modular experiments to illustrate abstract theoretical concepts in diverse courses in Electrical Engineering. The WSN consists of Mica2 motes with on-board sensors, wireless communication antennas, and processors that are programmed using NesC. Three sets of experiments feeding into different courses (e.g., wireless embedded networks, detection and estimation, stochastic processes, probability theory, statistical pattern recognition, and digital signal processing) and illustrating different theoretical concepts are presented in details. These experiments can be used as demos in those courses and/or can be incorporated as hands-on laboratory projects to go hand in hand with the course. Assessment of the experiments as pedagogical tools are also presented through well designed evaluation questionnaires given to the students. Assessment survey shows that both the sensor network platform and the novel experiments built on them are pedagogically successful tools.
Homotopy Methods for Solving the Optimal Projection Equations for the H2 Reduced Order Model Problem

The optimal projection approach to solving the H2 reduced order model problem produces two coupled, highly nonlinear matrix equations with rank conditions as constraints. Due to the resemblance of these equations to standard matrix Lyapunov equations, they are called modified Lyapunov equations. The algorithms proposed herein utilize probability-one homotopy theory as the main tool. It is shown that there is a family of systems (the homotopy) that make a continuous transformation from some initial system to the final system. With a carefully chosen initial problem a theorem guarantees that all the systems along the homotopy path will be asymptotically stable, controllable and observable. One method, which solves the equations in their original form, requires a decomposition of the projection matrix using the Drazin inverse of a matrix. It is shown that the appropriate inverse is a differentiable function. An effective algorithm for computing the derivative of the projection matrix that involves solving a set of Sylvester equations is given. Another class of methods considers the equations in a modified form, using a decomposition of the pseudogramians based on a contragredient transformation. Some freedom is left in making an exact match between the number of equations and the number of unknowns, thus effectively generating a family of methods.
Technology and women's work: The lives of working class women in Pittsburgh, 1870–1900

(1976). Technology and women's work: The lives of working class women in Pittsburgh, 1870–1900. Labor History: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 58-72.
Toxic megacolon in acute fulminant ulcerative colitis

Summary Among 150 patients having colectomy for ulcerative colitis at the University of Michigan Medical Center in the past ten years, toxic megacolon was present in twenty-eight. In almost half of these cases, the toxic megacolon developed within three months of the onset of ulcerative colitis. Perforation of the colon occurred in twelve patients (42.9 per cent). Only four cases were uncomplicated after operation and none of these had colonic perforations. Sepsis developed in all cases in which perforation had occurred, leading to death in seven instances. The mortality was 32.1 per cent. Early diagnosis of toxic megacolon can be achieved by repeated abdominal scout films in patients with acute fulminant ulcerative colitis. Prompt operation when toxic megacolon develops is advised to decrease the incidence of colonic perforation and the accompanying morbidity and mortality.
Gene Location and DNA Density Determine Transcription Factor Distributions in E. Coli

The diffusion coefficient of the canonical transcription factor Lac Repressor, LacI, within living Escherichia coli has been measured directly by in vivo tracking to be D = 0.4 μm∧2/s. At this rate, simple models of diffusion lead to the expectation that LacI and other proteins will rapidly homogenize throughout the cell.We have tested this expectation of spatial homogeneity by high-throughput single molecule visualization of LacI molecules non-specifically bound to DNA in fixed cells to generate an ensemble average of the steady-state distribution of protein in the cell. Contrary to expectation, we find that the distribution of LacI depends on the spatial location of its encoding gene. We demonstrate that the spatial distribution of LacI is also determined by the local state of DNA compaction, and that E. coli can dynamically redistribute proteins by modifying the state of its nucleoid. We then show that LacI inhomogeneity increases the strength with which targets located proximally to the LacI gene are regulated. Finally, we propose a model for intranucleoid diffusion which can reconcile these results with previous measurements of LacI diffusion.
Ten Years of Psychological Research on Men and Masculinity in the United States: Dominant Methodological Trends

The psychological study of men and masculinity is rapidly growing. Despite this growth, few attempts have been made to critically evaluate progress in the field, and no studies to date have analyzed methodological trends in empirical research on men and masculinity. The purpose of this study was to identify the dominant trends in psychological research on men and masculinity published in the United States between 1995 and 2004. One hundred seventy-eight articles were selected and coded on 21 dimensions. Descriptive statistics revealed that quantitative, correlational, and nonobservational methods dominate research in this field. Further, the inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities was found to be quite low and researchers tended to rely on convenience samples of undergraduates. It also appears that there was little variety in the masculinity measures used. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Transcatheter embolization of a high-flow congenital intrahepatic arterial-portal venous malformation in an infant.

Abstract An intrahepatic arterial-portal venous malformation (APVM) was diagnosed in a 412-month-old infant with portal hypertension. Visceral angiography showed a large saccular vascular space in the left hepatic lobe with a multiplicity of feeding arteries and drainage into the left portal vein. The lesion was successfully treated by transcatheter embolization following two unsuccessful surgical procedures. Two years later portal vein thrombosis with cavernous transformation was diagnosed, possibly a consequence of the high-flow arterial-portal shunt and its subsequent occlusion. Knowledge of the anatomic differences between this rare congenital APVM and the more commonly occurring arterial-portal fistula is crucial in planning effective transcatheter embolotherapy or surgery for these lesions.
Calciphylaxis treated with neurolytic lumbar sympathetic block: case report and review of the literature.

Background and Objective Calciphylaxis is a painful complication of end-stage renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Calcification most commonly affects skin and soft tissue of the lower extremities resulting in excruciatingly painful skin ulcers. Treatment involves correction of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, parathyroidectomy, and supportive measures. Methods The literature and the merits of neurolytic lumbar sympathetic blockade (LSB) for the treatment of pain associated with calciphylaxis are reviewed. Conclusions The neurolytic LSB provided pain relief and is a treatment modality to be considered in managing the pain associated with calciphylaxis.
News video classification using SVM-based multimodal classifiers and combination strategies

Video classification is the first step toward multimedia content understanding. When video is classified into conceptual categories, it is usually desirable to combine evidence from multiple modalities. However, combination strategies in previous studies were usually ad hoc. We investigate a meta-classification combination strategy using Support Vector Machine, and compare it with probability-based strategies. Text features from closed-captions and visual features from images are combined to classify broadcast news video. The experimental results show that combining multimodal classifiers can significantly improve recall and precision, and our meta-classification strategy gives better precision than the approach of taking the product of the posterior probabilities.
The magnetosphere of Neptune: Its response to daily rotation

The Neptunian magnetosphere periodically changes every eight hours between a pole-on magnetosphere with only one polar cusp and an earth-type magnetosphere with two polar cusps. In the pole-on configuration, the tail current sheet has an almost circular shape with plasma currents closing entirely within the magnetosphere. Eight hours later the tail current sheet assumes an almost flat shape with plasma currents touching the magnetotail boundary and closing over the tail magnetopause. Magnetic field and tail current sheet configurations have been calculated in a three-dimensional model, but the plasma- and thermodynamic conditions were investigated in a simplified two-dimensional MHD equilibrium magnetosphere. It was found that the free energy in the tail region of the two-dimensional model becomes independent of the dipole tilt angle. It is conjectured that the Neptunian magnetotail might assume quasi-static equilibrium states that make the free energy of the system independent of its daily rotation.
HIV/AIDS stigma in Chinese Internet forums: a content analysis approach

This study examines the stigmatization of HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) on three popular Chinese Internet forums. A corpus of 275 entries discussing AIDS and PLHA was coded, based on a scheme of five stigmatizing behaviors. A high percentage of postings showed at least one and often several stigmatizing behaviors. These findings suggest that participants openly revealed their fears and biases about AIDS and PLHA online. In addition, when sexual behaviors were identified in the entries, a higher likelihood to stigmatize, a greater absence of empathy, and more intense negative emotions were shown. Further investigation of the five variables of stigmatization shows that labeling, negative attribution, and responsibility were the most frequent stigmatizing behaviors in these messages. Implications of this tendency to feel free to stigmatize HIV/AIDS and PLHA in online forums are discussed. The study also provides suggestions to health practitioners and policy makers for how to address online...
Prospective identification of erythroid elements in cultured peripheral blood.

Abstract We have developed a prospective approach to identify the generation of erythroid cells derived from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by monitoring the expression of the cell surface protein CD48. Unpurified populations of PBMC obtained from the buffy coats of normal volunteers were grown in suspension culture in the absence or presence of erythropoietin. A profile of surface CD48 expression permitted a flow cytometric identification of erythropoietin responsive populations at various stages of their maturation. In the absence of erythropoietin (EPO) supplemented media, the CD48 − cells represented − cells increased to 34.7 + 14.9% ( p
Skeletal Metastases in Myxoid Liposarcoma: An Unusual Pattern of Distant Spread

Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS), the second most common subtype of liposarcoma, occurs predominantly in the extremities of young adults and has a disproportionately high tendency to metastasize to unusual soft tissue locations, before disseminated spread or pulmonary metastases. Anecdotal evidence, mainly supported by isolated case reports, suggests that a subset of these patients also develop bone metastasis, especially within the spine, which was previously under-appreciated. In this study we investigate the incidence of osseous metastases in a wellannotated sarcoma database and correlate this endpoint with clinicopathologic and molecular findings. From a total of 230 patients with MLS diagnosis confirmed histologically, who were managed and followed prospectively at MSKCC, 40 (17%) developed skeletal metastases, comprising 56% of all metastatic events. A significant number of these bone metastases were identified early in the disease course, before the manifestation of disease in sites where sarcomas usually metastasize, such as lung. From the time of 1st metastasis, the 5 years median survival was 16%. The majority (78%) of MLS patients developing bone metastases had a histologic high grade primary tumor. The median overall survival for the high grade tumors was 55 months, as compared to 105 months for low grade cases. Eleven (84%) of 13 cases tested by RT-PCR demonstrated a type II TLS-CHOP fusion transcript. These findings suggest that MLS has a high incidence of osseous metastases, with predilection to spine, and often associated with the most common type of TLS-CHOP transcript. Screening should include images of the spine in high-risk MLS patients to exclude spinal metastases.
Optimal design of elastic rods: extension of a minimum energy solution

An optimal design problem solved previously for an elastic rod, which is a mixture of two materials and which hangs under its own weight is solved here for a different parameter range on the product of elastic stiffness and density of the materials. The problem is also considered when the parameters are at the junction of the two ranges and the possibility of an infinite number of solutions arises, raising questions of well posedness of the problem there. The method used is the maximum principle of Pontryagin and Hestenes.
Damage tolerance capability

This paper is dedicated to my friend and colleague Professor Dr Jaap Schijve, required to retire like many good aircraft components according to a «safe life» criterion but who is still young in mind, body and spirit, has not yet reached his unfactored endurance limit, and who could continue subject to a needed change in philosophy to «retirement for cause». Professor Schijve has dedicated his life to aviation safety through his outstanding continuous research into aircraft fatigue and fracture phenomena. The Federal Aviation Administration, whose primary goal is aviation safety, is indebted to Professor Schijve for his continous counsel through many contributions to the literature in his subject
Growth of pore interfaces and roughness of fracture surfaces in porous silica: Million particle molecular-dynamics simulations

Pore interface growth and the roughness of fracture surfaces in silica glasses have been investigated with large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations. During uniform dilation, the average pore radius $R$ and the width $W$ scale with the pore size $s$ as $R\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{\ensuremath{\eta}}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ with $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ and $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. When the mass density is reduced to 1.4 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, the pores grow catastrophically to cause fracture. The roughness exponent for fracture surfaces, $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.87\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ supports experimental claims about the universality of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$.
Economic sanctions and the rhetorical responses of totalitarian regimes: Examining North Korean rhetorical strategies, 1949–2010

Abstract This study investigates the impact of economic statecraft on the North Korean Government. As a totalitarian regime, which is characterized by a controlled mass media, the North Korean Government tries to contain potential problems caused by sanctions by using three types of political rhetoric: appeasement , backlash , and surveillance . Using time-series data from 1949 to 2010 derived from a content analysis of the New Year's Day addresses by Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong Un, the empirical results suggests that the North Korean Government does alter its rhetorical strategies in response to external economic sanctions. Negative sanctions cause the regime to use appeasement strategies (or calls for reforms and internal changes). It tends to use backlash rhetoric (or blaming the sanctioning powers) in response to, interestingly, positive sanctions. Surveillance rhetoric, or the call for internal vigilance against enemies, on the other hand, does not have any statistical connection with sanctions, rather driven by other factors, such as the Korean War, external instability, and so on.
Histopathology of oxygen intoxication in the juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens Swainson.

. Juvenile abalone were exposed to supersaturated oxygen conditions (about 150–200% of saturation) in order to reproduce similar conditions encountered in intensive husbandry systems and to then study the resultant lesions. Depigmentation, lethargy and swelling of tissues were observed clinically. Histopathology showed that the cytoplasmic vacuoles of large haemocytes were enlarged. Oxygen emboli were observed throughout the muscular tissue and connective tissue but separation of fibrous neural sheath from nerve cell bodies and surrounding tissue was the predominant lesion. Chromatin of the nuclei of nerve cells became marginated. Gaseous emboli were observed at various other locations in the vascular system. At termination of the experiment all animals sampled bacteriologically showed systemic infection with Vibrio alginolyticus. The clinical signs appeared to result from mechanical interference caused by the accumulation of oxygen and from dysfunction of neural structures. The predominant histopathological changes occurred after only 3 h or less exposure time. Normal histology of the haemocytes and nerve structures is described.
Influence of membrane-lipid composition on translocation of nascent proteins in heated Escherichia coli

Abstract In studies using Escherichia coli we have shown that new protein species appear in the outer membrane fraction with concomitant losses of nascent proteins from the soluble and inner membrane fractions following heat exposure. Of the various explanations for this phenomenon, temperature-induced membrane disorganization appeared the most likely. It is suggested that heat mimics the action of the signal sequence of a protein on the lipid bilayer allowing non-signal-sequence-containing proteins to be translocated. To test this hypothesis we grew E. coli K1060 cells, an unsaturated fatty acid requiring auxotroph, supplemented during growth with fatty acids of varying chain length in an attempt to determine whether biological membranes of varying ability to maintain their bilayer configuration could be constructed. The rationale being that such membranes would allow us to determine whether differences in translocation would occur in cells grown at the same temperature supplemented with either 16:1 or 20:1 unsaturated fatty acids when the cells were subjected to a series of thermal insults. Protein translocation occurred to a greater extent and at lower temperatures in cells supplemented with the longer chain fatty acid. Treatment of outer membranes with either 1 M salt, 6 M urea or high pH and studies determining fluorescent polarization values by scanning up and down through a series of temperatures ranging from 15 to 49°C indicate that the proteins translocated by heat to the outer membrane are integral. Protein translocation may represent an adaptive response to an altered environment enabling the cell to respond to stress by stabilizing its outer membrane.
Territory size and location in animals with refuges: influence of predation risk

Territory size is usually explained by balancing the benefits of increased size against the costs of defense. An alternative hypothesis for animals that maintain refuges is that the costs of large territories lie in the predation risk associated with leaving the refuge. An optimum territory size is discovered, given only this cost and no cost of defense. Predation risk is also considered a determinant of the value of a territory's location within a colony. Risk relative to location is discovered to be a binary variable, either low or high, depending upon the speed of the predator.
Scholarship, publication, and career advancement in health professions education: AMEE Guide No. 43

Scholarship and publication are key contributors to career advancement in health professions education worldwide. Scholarship is expressed in many ways including original research; integration and synthesis of ideas and data, often across disciplines; application of skill and knowledge to problems that have consequences for health professionals, students, and patients; and teaching in many forms. Professional publication also has diverse outlets ranging from empirical articles in peer reviewed journals, textbook chapters, videos, simulation technologies, and many other means of expression. Scholarship and publication are evaluated and judged using criteria that are consensual, public, and transparent. This three-part AMEE Guide presents advice about how to prepare and publish health professions education research reports and other forms of scholarship in professional journals and other outlets. Part One addresses scholarship—its varieties, assessment, and attributes of productive scholars and scholarly teams. Part Two maps the road to publication, beginning with what’s important and reportable and moving to manuscript planning and writing, gauging manuscript quality, manuscript submission and review, and writing in English. Part Three offers 21 practical suggestions about how to advance a successful and satisfying career in the academic health professions. Concluding remarks encourage health professions educators to pursue scholarship with vision and reflection.
Galactic Rotation and the Intensity of Cosmic Radiation at the Geomagnetic Equator

The angle of deflection experienced by a primary cosmic particle moving in the plane of the geomagnetic equator is calculated for different energies and the result used to find the diurnal variation in the intensity of cosmic rays arriving vertically at the geomagnetic equator. If it is assumed that the number of primaries varies inversely as the cube of their energy, the calculation shows that there should be a diurnal variation in the vertical intensity of 0.17 percent, if all primaries are positive, with a maximum at 13 hr. 20 min. sidereal time. With a ratio of three positive to one negative primary, and the same distribution law, the amplitude of the diurnal variation should be 0.1 percent with a maximum at 12 hr. 30 min. sidereal time, while if the primary radiation as a whole is neutral (one positive particle to each negative) the amplitude should be 0.06 percent with maximum at 8 hr. 40 min. sidereal time. If the number of primaries is an exponentially decreasing function of their energy, the amplitude of the diurnal variation should be 0.24 percent with maximum at 18 hr. sidereal time, assuming all primaries are positive; if the primary radiation is neutral the amplitude should be 0.19 percent and the maximum should occur at 20 hr. 40 min. sidereal time. The expected diurnal variations for several values of the lower limiting energy are also discussed.
The facial nerve: Anatomy and common pathology

Abstract The seventh cranial nerve is responsible for much of what makes us individual—the facial expression worn by each individual. The facial nerve (CN VII) is commonly divided into 4 segments for examination: the nucleus and tracts, the cisternal segment that traverses the internal auditory canal, the intratemporal segment (through the bony facial nerve canal), and the peripheral segment. Immediately on leaving the temporal bone at the stylomastoid foramen, the peripheral segment of CN VII becomes much more complicated to follow and is essentially invisible to imaging. Each segment of the facial nerve may be involved by differing pathology. In this report we break down the facial nerve into more easily understood divisions and cover the common pathology of each of these segments.
Coupling surfactants/cosolvents with oxidants for enhanced DNAPL removal: A review

Surfactants and cosolvents are useful for enhancing the apparent solubility of dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) compounds during surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR). In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate, persulfate, and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide has proven to be a cost-effective and viable remediation technology for the treatment of a wide range of organic contaminants. Coupling compatible remedial technologies either concurrently or sequentially in a treatment train is an emerging concept for more effective cleanup of DNAPL-contaminated sites. Surfactants are effective for DNAPL mass removal but not useful for dissolved plume treatment. ISCO is effective for plume control and treatment but can be less effective in areas where large masses of DNAPL are present. Therefore, coupling SEAR with ISCO is a logical next step for source-zone treatment. This article provides a critical review of peer-reviewed scientific literature, nonreviewed professional journals, and conference proceedings where surfactants/cosolvents and oxidants have been utilized, either concurrently or sequentially, for DNAPL mass removal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A B3LYP Study of the Effects of Phenyl Substituents on 1,5-Hydrogen Shifts in 3-(Z)-1 ,3-Pentadiene Provides Evidence Against a Chameleonic Transition Structure

The effects of one or two phenyl substituents on the activation enthalpy for a 1,5-hydrogen shift in 3-(Z)-1,3-pentadiene (1) and on the geometry of the transition structure (TS) have been investigated by B3LYP/6-31G* calculations. The phenyl-substituent effects on the experimentally measured activation enthalpies are predicted to be sizable, spanning a range of nearly 10 kcal/mol. However, if differences between steric effects in the transoid isomers of the reactants are factored out by comparing the activation enthalpies in the cisoid conformers, the electronic components of the phenyl-substituent effects on both the barrier heights and the TS geometries are found to be quite modest in size. Unlike the TS in the Cope rearrangement, the TS for a 1,5-hydrogen shift in 1 is not highly variable in nature, and the reason the 1,5-hydrogen shift TS is not chameleonic is discussed.
Determinants of Knowledge of Services to the Elderly: Are Strong Ties Enabling or Inhibiting

This research examined elderly people's social network ties and their awareness of services available to them. For this sample of 1,224 persons aged 60 years or older, having nonkin advisers, membership in clubs, or contacts with other community agencies and availability of transportation, education, and moderate-size kin networks predicted service awareness. Lack of available kin, the presence of large kin networks, having kin confidants, and being old, poor, and female, or black inhibited service awareness.
Negotiating the Practitioner-Faculty Dialectic: How Counselor Educators Responded to Hurricane Katrina

As Hurricane Katrina forced thousands of Gulf Coast residents to evacuate, U.S. communities established shelters for emergency intake. Faculty members across the country, especially those trained in counseling, volunteered immediately for crisis work. This study examined the experiences of a faculty response team from one counselor education program, focusing on academic and counselor role expectations and perceived professional implications. We conducted interviews with all eight faculty members in one program and analyzed data using constant comparative and discourse analyses. The dialectic of chaos/order, central to all narratives, was expressed as trying/doing, insider/outsider, visibility/invisibility, and leaving/staying. In the discussion we explore implications for faculty members as crisis responders.
Electron concentration dependent magnetization and magnetic anisotropy in ZnO:Mn thin films

Well-above room temperature and electron concentration dependent ferromagnetism was observed in n-type ZnO:Mn films, indicating long-range ferromagnetic order. Magnetic anisotropy was also observed in these ZnO:Mn films, which is another indication for intrinsic ferromagnetism. The electron-mediated ferromagnetism in n-type ZnO:Mn contradicts the existing theory that the magnetic exchange in ZnO:Mn materials is mediated by holes.