cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Healing of Progressivist America: The Premises of School Desegregation within U.S. Civil Religion

Durkheimian theory posits a thin line between civil religion and public educaticrn. Indeed, Durkheim thought the two were intimately related in modern societies. This article examines the premises of school desegregation as a healing ritual meant to cure the evils wrought by U.S. apartheid. Within the logic of Progressive Education, the idea was to ritually integrate the schools as a miniature melting pot. Operating both symbolically and as a social change agent, the cure would heal America. Meanwhile the policy's assimilationist assumptions discounted U.S. black culture as championed by W.E.B. DuBois. Research on its mixed effects and a new call for multiculturalism have undermined the Progressivist premises of desegregation. Public education's current confused state mirrors larger patterns ot nmythic struggle within U.S. society. A growing body of literature examines some nineteenth- and twentieth-century social movements' connections to religion. A nonexhaustive overview of some of these movements might include both sets of adversaries in the contemporary debate over abortion (cf. Maxwell and Spickard 1993; Cuneo 1989), militant survivalism (cf. Lamy 1992; Aho 1990), and nineteenth-century populism (Williams and Alexander 1994). This article considers another social movement whose religious assumptions have become largely invisible because they are so pervasive. My subject is educational Progressivism, particularly as exemplified in its most important twentieth-century innovation of desegregation. I take a distinctively Durkheimian approach. After outlining his view of religion's role in social change, I discuss Durkheim's view that public schools were the likely successors of formal religion in modern societies. Next, I consider the ways in which Progressivism was to restore America's virtue; this movement culminated in the ideology of public education as preserver of American culture. In these terms the Progressive schools were seriously threatened by the inequalities they perpetuated. Perhaps the most egregious inequity - the segregated and unequal education of African Americans - threatened to invalidate public education altogether. The logic of desegregation amounted to a ritual healing that employed the prescribed intermingling of black and white children. While the cure was to occur within classrooms, they represented all of U.S. society. Over time the connection would prove real as well as symbolic. Although much of the data used are historical, this analysis also includes contemporary research on the effects of desegregatltion. It concludes by discussing some of the implica
On Interesting Place Finding in Social Sensing: An Emerging Smart City Application Paradigm

Social sensing has emerged as a new application paradigm for smart cities where a crowd of social sources (humans or devices on their behalf) collectively contribute a large amount of observations about the physical world. This paper focuses on an interesting place finding problem in social sensing where the goal is to accurately identify the interesting places in a city where people may have strong interests to visit (e.g., parks, museums, historic sites, scenic trails, etc.). Solving this problem is not trivial because (i) many interesting places are not necessarily frequently visited by the average people and hence less likely to be found by the traditional recommendation systems, (ii) the user's social connections could directly affect their visiting behavior and the interestingness judgment of a given place. In this paper, we develop a new Social-aware Interesting Place Finding (SIPF) approach that solves the above problem by explicitly incorporating both the user's travel experience and social relationship into a rigorous analytical framework. The evaluation results showed that the new approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-arts using two real-world datasets collected from location-based social network service.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations and pathogenesis.

Approximately three years ago, this journal published a review on the clinical and molecular analysis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, with emphasis on defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). At that time, approximately 30 point mutations associated with a variety of maternally-inherited (or rarely, sporadic) disorders had been described. Since that time, almost twenty new pathogenic mtDNA point mutations have been described, and the pace of discovery of such mutations shows no signs of abating. This accumulating body of data has begun to reveal some patterns that may be relevant to pathogenesis.
Near-infrared-assisted charge control and spin readout of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

We utilize nonlinear absorption to design all-optical protocols that improve both charge-state initialization and spin readout for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Nonmonotonic variations in the equilibrium charge state as a function of visible and near-infrared optical power are attributed to competing multiphoton absorption processes. In certain regimes, multicolor illumination enhances the steady-state population of the NV's negative charge state above 90%. At higher NIR intensities, selective ionization of the singlet manifold facilitates a protocol for spin-to-charge conversion that dramatically enhances the spin readout fidelity. We demonstrate a sixfold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio for single-shot spin measurements and demonstrate a pathway towards single-shot electron spin readout at room temperature.
Climatic controls on the isotopic composition and availability of soil nitrogen across mountainous tropical forest

While tropical forests play a critical role in global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, how their biogeochemical dynamics will respond to changes in climate, especially warming, is uncertain. To shed light on links between climate and N cycling in tropical forests, we measured bulk surface soil C and N concentrations and isotopic content at 40 forested sites spanning an 1800 m elevation transect in Central America, possessing wide variation in mean annual temperature (MAT; range = 10°C) and precipitation (MAP; range = 1.2 m). Climate and terrain attributes were extracted from gridded data sets and regressed against soil variables, and then, empirical relationships were combined with a mass balance model to scale up to the larger landscape. Across the remote study region, elevation and soil δ15N values displayed a strong negative relationship, while elevation was positively related to percent of soil C, N, and C:N ratios. As elevation was tightly correlated with MAT and MAP, soil chemical and isotopic content varied strongly with climate. For example, for every degree increase in MAT, soil δ15N values—an indicator of relative gaseous N losses—increased by a factor of 0.4, and soil C:N ratios, which affect net N mineralization and N availability, declined by a factor of 1.1. With the 40 sites binned into bioclimatic life zones, montane, premontane, and wet-premontane transition forests showed distinct clustering of soil chemical and isotopic properties, yet forest type alone explained less variation compared to continuous elevation–climate parameters. Results of the spatially applied 15N mass balance model implied shifts in the contribution of gaseous-to-total N loss, from 10% or less in cool, wet high-elevation forests to upwards of 60% at warmer, drier, low-elevation sites. Climate variation was thus associated with significant shifts in N dynamics across this montane tropical region, yet more work is needed to decouple direct vs. indirect climatic controls. While the mechanisms deserve further study, observed shifts in indicators of N availability and gaseous loss may be useful in managing and modeling tropical forests under climate change.
Genetic panels in young patients with bone marrow failure: are they clinically relevant?

Bone marrow failure can be acquired or inherited. Acquired forms are usually immune-mediated; inherited forms may be due to DNA repair defects (Fanconi anemia), ribosomopathies (Shwachman-Diamond and Diamond-Blackfan anemia), telomere defects (dyskeratosis congenita), and a smattering of other
Kinetic Study of the Oxidation of Sphalerite

The temperature and oxygen concentration dependence on the reaction of sphalerite in oxygen at pressures from 6 to 640 mm Hg have been investigated in the temperature range 700° to 870°C. Sphalerite has been found to oxidize linearly over this entire tem- perature and pressure range. At higher rates, considerable self-heating was observed. The dependence of the oxidation rate on the oxygen concentration may be expressed by: Rate = k′ θ, where k′ is the specific rate constant and θ = K1[O2]/(1 + Ki[O2]), where K1 is the equilibrium rate constant for the adsorption of oxygen on sphalerite. Values of the activation energy and the enthalpy of adsorption were found to be 60.3 and −59.6 kcal per mol, respectively. Data have been presented that indicate conditions under which either a sulphatizing or an oxidizing roast may be obtained.
Harmonic stability analysis and controller parameter design of three-phase inverter-based multi-bus ac systems based on sequence impedances

Three-phase inverter-based multi-bus ac systems could suffer from the small-signal instability issue due to the dynamic interaction among inverters and passive components in the systems. To address this issue, this paper proposes two harmonic stability analysis methods and an inverter controller parameter design approach for stable system operation. The proposed sequence-impedance-based harmonic stability analysis methods can reduce the computation effort by avoiding the calculation of right-half-plane poles of impedance ratios, as compared with the impedance-based analysis method using Nyquist stability criterion. Therefore, the controller parameters can be designed in the forms of stability regions in the parameter space, by repetitively applying the proposed stability analysis methods. In addition, the proposed stability analysis methods enable the system stability by using only measured component impedances. Experimental results of an inverter-based two-area system validate the effectiveness of the proposed stability analysis methods and parameter design approach.
Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Flow over Airfoils Near and During Static Stall

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and hybrid large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of turbulent flow past an Aerospatiale A-Airfoil near stall at Rec=2.1×106, M=0.15, α=13.3 and a NA...
Identity and coalitions in a multiracial era: how state legislators navigate race and ethnicity

ABSTRACTResearch on descriptive representatives provides mixed evidence that race informs legislators’ political views. However, past work conflates racial categorization with racial identity, and often lacks variation in race as the key variable. Additionally, few studies examine how diversity within groups may impact intergroup relations within the legislature. The presence of multiracial elected officials prompts us to revisit the linkages descriptive representatives draw between their race and their political outlooks, and to explore the consequences of multiracial legislators’ presence for intergroup relations within the legislature. Interviews with a diverse set of legislators were conducted. For multiracial legislators, questions about phenotypic ambiguity were salient, and narratives suggest their racial identities were consciously chosen, which in turn shaped their politics. The interviews also suggest that some multiracial legislators may encounter challenges to their minority caucus memberships...
Locating provisioning ecosystem services in urban forests: Forageable woody species in New York City, USA

Abstract Scholarship on the ecosystem services provided by urban forests has focused on regulating and supporting services, with a growing body of research examining provisioning and cultural ecosystem services from farms and gardens in metropolitan areas. Using the case of New York, New York, USA, we propose a method to assess the supply of potential provisioning ecosystem services from species and spaces other than those explicitly designated for food production. We analyze the abundance and spatial distribution of trees and shrubs with known uses for food, medicine, craft, and other purposes across urban greenspace types. To do so, we created a database of all woody species known to occur in New York City, joining a citywide assessment of trees and shrubs with additional data from a metropolitan flora and a guide to native plants in the city. A second database of useful, or forageable, species was created by compiling information from a New York City-focused online foraging application and ten field guides chosen for the likelihood that prospective foragers would find and consult them. The City’s street tree inventory and associated GIS shapefile provided the basis for more detailed analyses of forageable woody species in this land use type. Our results show a substantial supply of potential provisioning ecosystem services from woody species in New York City. Coupled with growing literature on actual foraging in cities worldwide, these findings suggest implications for accountings of ecosystem services from urban forests as well as policy and management initiatives to enhance social-ecological resilience.
Different Artificial Bee Colony Algorithms and Relevant Case Studies

Solving optimization problems can be achieved by many optimization algorithms. Swarm algorithms are part of these optimizations algorithms which based on community-based thinking. Bio-inspired algorithms are these algorithms that are artificially inspired from natural biological systems. Artificial Bee colony algorithm is a modern swarm intelligence algorithm inspired by real bees foraging behavior, and real bees’ community communication techniques. This chapter discusses Artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) and other algorithms that are driven from it such as “Adaptive Artificial Bee Colony” (AABC), “Fast mutation artificial bee colony” (FMABC), and “Integrated algorithm based on ABC and PSO” (IABAP). Comparisons between these algorithms and previous experiments results are mentioned.
Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Heart Failure

Over the past few decades, sleep-disordered breathing (SBD) was recognized as major comorbid condition affecting the general population with notable increased prevalence in patients with heart failure (HF). The relationship between SDB and HF is multilayered and despite extensive research in this area, the cause-and-effect relationship is not clearly understood. SDB is well known to cause accelerated progression of HF stages and is associated with increased HF morbidity and poor survival. In contrast, worsening heart failure can lead to the development of SBD and parallel increase in its severity. Despite recent breakthrough in SDB treatment and presence of effective therapies that can improve exercise capacity and quality of life, a large portion of HF patients with SDB remain untreated due to the lack of appropriate screening algorithms and practical therapeutic pathways. It is unfortunate that the management of SDB is still missing from routine HF evaluation, while clinical guidelines have not provided clear insight on the management of this prevalent comorbidity. In this review, we will provide overview of SDB and propose practical therapeutic approaches aimed to simplify screening and provide treatment recommendations.
Design and Evaluation of an Active/Semiactive Ankle-Foot Orthosis for Gait Training

Neuromusclar disorders such as stroke often cause walking impairments. During walking, the ankle joint contributes the largest propulsive moment and plays a vital role in shaping a normal gait pattern. The goal of this paper is to introduce a novel powered ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for gait rehabilitation named Stevens Ankle-_Foot Electromechanical (SAFE) orthosis. Unlike other powered AFOs, the SAFE orthosis features two alternative actuation modes: fully-active and semi-active. The former employs two BLDC motors to provide plantar and dorsiflexion torques; the latter replaces the dorsiflexion side motor with a set of linear springs. This design provides a direct way to investigate how the introduction of a passive antagonistic element may affect the performance of a powered AFO. Initial results from bench testing indicate that the performance of the two actuation modes are comparable in terms of device transparency and torque tracking. Possible implications for the design of future powered AFOs are discussed in the paper.
Are Advanced Providers Prepared to Care for the Agricultural Population

Abstract This article concerns a pilot project for continuing education regarding agricultural health. We surveyed nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) in a rural state regarding hazardous agricultural respiratory exposures and the diagnosis and treatment of related agricultural health conditions. Most respondents could not identify hazardous agricultural agents and exposure sources. Many could not correctly answer questions about the diagnosis and treatment of associated health conditions, and 71% were uncomfortable concerning agricultural-related health issues and care. We used findings to develop an evidence-based educational program to address deficits, and presented at state and national professional conferences.
Modulation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the differentiation and growth of developing dopamine (DA) neurons and supports the survival of mature DA cells in culture. However, the neurotrophic role of endogenous BDNF in the adult DA system in vivo has not been well established. To investigate the hypothesis that blockade of endogenous BDNF expression results in DA dysregulation, we used an 18-mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeted to the first ATG codon of the BDNF transcript. The biological activity of the antisense ODN was initially tested in vitro. In cultured dopaminergic MES 23.5 cells, antisense BDNF (20 μM) effectively reduced BDNF protein expression and cell survival. Furthermore, in primary embryonic mesencephalic cultures, antisense BDNF reduced the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and inhibited [3H]DA uptake in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The specificity of the antisense molecule was confirmed by comparing its effects with those of a control ODN having the same base composition but in scrambled sequence. In rats, two days following an intranigral or intrastriatal injection of antisense BDNF (0.5 μg), we observed a two-fold and five-fold increase in nigral DA levels, respectively, but no change in striatal DA content. Seven days after an intrastriatal antisense BDNF injection, DA levels were elevated in the striatum apparently due to decreased DA turnover. These observations suggest that inhibition of endogenous BDNF expression tends to augment rather than inhibit nigrostriatal DA transmission. Thus, the biological effects of endogenous BDNF on the nigrostriatal DA system in the adult organism merits further investigation.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Current Distribution of Superconducting Composite Conductor With REBCO Tapes for Power Electric Applications

Superconducting power devices, such as superconducting transformer and superconducting magnetic energy storage system, are the key technologies in the power system. High-current high temperature superconducting (HTS) composite conductors have been developed for use in HTS power devices. This paper studies the electromagnetic fields of superconducting composite conductors, with high current and compact configuration, for power applications. We focus on the current distribution simulation within the tapes especially. A three-dimensional finite- element method numerical model with new boundary condition technique is proposed to analyze superconducting composite conductor using the T-A formulation. The T-A formulation is verified by experiments on a superconducting twisted stacked-tape cable composite conductor. The numerical model simulates the current redistribution among the stacked layers to show the circulation currents. According to the numerical results, it is found that the circulation current between different layers could be 45% of the peak current, which was considerably significant for a composite conductor operation. For a composite conductor with a different number of tapes, the circulation currents flow through the outmost layer and come back from the other inner layers. Comparing the circulation current between twisted and untwisted stack-tape cable, it is found that the twisting could reduce the circulation current.
Association between periodontitis and systemic medication intake: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND To investigate the frequency of systemic drugs taken by elderly patients with or without periodontitis and the possible association between medication consumption and the severity of periodontitis. METHODS A total of 1221 patients, including 608 with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis (periodontitis group) and 613 age- and gender-matched individuals with healthy periodontium (healthy group) were selected. Systemic conditions, medications and periodontal status were recorded. Medication intake frequency (%) was compared using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS The top three most common medications were angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (17.9%), antidepressants (17.8%), and lipid-lowering medications (16.5%). Both ACE inhibitors and antidepressants showed statistically higher intake frequency in the periodontitis group relative to healthy controls (21.5% versus 14.4%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.64), (21.1% versus 14.5%, OR = 1.57) (P < 0.01). Additionally, intake of oral hypoglycemic agents, calcium channel blockers (CCB), insulin, and diuretics were significantly higher in the periodontitis group with OR = 2.49, 2.32, 2.08 and 1.79, respectively (P < 0.05). Several medications demonstrated a disease severity-dependent association comparing generalized severe periodontitis with moderate periodontitis and healthy group: oral hypoglycemic agents (17.4% versus 16.8% versus 8.0%), CCB (14.8% versus 14.4% versus 8.0%) and anticonvulsants (13.4% versus 7.7% versus 6.4%) with OR of 2.43, 1.99, and 2.28 (severe periodontitis versus healthy group), respectively. CONCLUSION There was a significantly higher frequency of medication intake related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes in patients with periodontitis. A disease severity-dependence with medication intake frequency was also noted. This study provides indirect evidence for the possible relationship between systemic diseases and periodontitis.
The Ever-Changing World of Limb Salvage Surgery for Malignant Bone Tumors.

The treatment of malignant bone tumors, also called bone sarcomas, has changed dramatically over the past 50 years owing to the advances in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation, prosthetic technology, and surgical advances. There are 3 main primary bone cancers: osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma (or Ewing's family of sarcoma), and chondrosarcoma. Before advances in limb preservation techniques and before the development of prosthetic replacement, the treatment for a malignant bone tumor of the extremity was amputation. This article discusses the progression of surgical treatment of malignant bone cancers.
Early Aerobic Exercise for the Treatment of Acute Pediatric Concussions

Sport-related concussion is a common injury that has garnered the attention of the media and general public because of the potential for prolonged acute symptoms and increased risk for long-term impairment. Currently, a growing body of evidence supports the use of various therapies to improve recovery after a concussion. A contemporary approach to managing concussion symptoms is to use aerobic exercise as treatment. To date, several studies on both pediatric and adult patients have established that controlled aerobic exercise is a safe and effective way to rehabilitate patients experiencing delayed recovery after concussion. However, less is known about the utility of an early exercise protocol for optimizing recovery after acute concussion and reducing the risk for persistent postconcussive symptoms, particularly in pediatric populations. Thus, the purpose of our paper was to review and evaluate the available literature on the implementation of aerobic exercise for the treatment of acute pediatric concussion.
'Time to first tobacco cigarette soon after waking' occurs more often among underage newly incident smokers in the United States, 2004-2017.

Abstract Aims Time to first cigarette (TTFC) after waking is a highly regarded and readily measured manifestation of a tobacco dependence process. We aim to estimate short TTFC as it occurs very soon after the onset of cigarette smoking (CS) in a community sample of newly incident smokers, all 12–21 years of age, and to study risk variation with the age of CS onset. Methods United States National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2004–2017, drew large nationally representative samples of 12-to-21-year-old community residents, and used computerized self-interviews to measure tobacco cigarette smoking, the Fagerstrom TTFC construct, and related variables. A ‘short’ TTFC was defined as smoking the first cigarette after waking up within 30 min vs. ‘long’ TTFC or smoking more than 30 min. We studied 8188 newly incident smokers, all assessed within six months after the first puff. Estimated age-specific cumulative incidence proportions (CIP) and odds ratios (OR) are estimated and compared, with due attention to complex survey design and weights. Results Among underage newly incident smokers (12–17 years old), an estimated 5.2% experienced short TTFC within 6 months after CS onset (95% CI = 4.4%, 6.2%), versus 3.7% for older new smokers (18–21 years; 95% CI = 2.8%, 4.6%). Underage smokers are 1.5 times more likely to develop short TTFC compared to older initiates (95% CI = 1.1, 2.1). No male-female variations are seen, but exploratory analysis disclosed findings that involve Census-defined race-ethnicity subgroups. Non-Hispanic African-American initiates are twice as likely to develop short TTFC, and Hispanic initiates are less likely to develop short TTFC, as compared with non-Hispanic White smokers. Conclusions Based on US community samples our study offers new evidence about TTFC formation observed within six months after the first puff when cigarette smoking starts before age 18 years.
Computational Study in a PUI using XSEDE Resources and ECSS Support

In the past 5 years, we have been using XSEDE resources and ECSS support to conduct research at Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU), a primary undergraduate institution (PUI). First, the regioselectivity was successfully investigated in the synthesis of 5-FU derivatives with phase transition method and silver salt method; then the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) principle and the Marcus theory were unified in the study of ambident reactivity; at last our research was expanded from reactions of molecules to reactions on the solid surface. We would like to share our results and emphasize the importance of XSEDE resources and ECSS support for the research in PUIs.
Identification and analysis of RNA structural disruptions induced by single nucleotide variants using Riprap and RiboSNitchDB.

RNA conformational alteration has significant impacts on cellular processes and phenotypic variations. An emerging genetic factor of RNA conformational alteration is a new class of single nucleotide variant (SNV) named riboSNitch. RiboSNitches have been demonstrated to be involved in many genetic diseases. However, identifying riboSNitches is notably difficult as the signals of RNA structural disruption are often subtle. Here, we introduce a novel computational framework-RIboSNitch Predictor based on Robust Analysis of Pairing probabilities (Riprap). Riprap identifies structurally disrupted regions around any given SNVs based on robust analysis of local structural configurations between wild-type and mutant RNA sequences. Compared to previous approaches, Riprap shows higher accuracy when assessed on hundreds of known riboSNitches captured by various experimental RNA structure probing methods including the parallel analysis of RNA structure (PARS) and the selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE). Further, Riprap detects the experimentally validated riboSNitch that regulates human catechol-O-methyltransferase haplotypes and outputs structurally disrupted regions precisely at base resolution. Riprap provides a new approach to interpreting disease-related genetic variants. In addition, we construct a database (RiboSNitchDB) that includes the annotation and visualization of all presented riboSNitches in this study as well as 24 629 predicted riboSNitches from human expression quantitative trait loci.
A Safe Place: Using Clinical Supervision Groups to Build Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Skills

Interprofessional collaborative practice (ICP) is an essential skill in today’s healthcare environment that can be cultivated through interprofessional education (IPE) in higher education, as students are in the process of developing their professional identities. Undergraduate social work field students and nursing students in clinical rotation explored their experiences together in clinical supervision groups co-led by instructors from both fields. Researchers used a mixed methods approach to measure changes in feelings and skills related to ICP among students who participated in clinical supervision groups. Eighteen nursing and social work students participated; those involved in the interprofessional clinical supervision groups performed better on the Inter-professional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) than the comparison group. Qualitative themes indicated that students enhanced their interprofessional knowledge; improved their interprofessional communication skills; and increased their comfort levels on an interprofessional team. Implications and suggestions for implementation are discussed.
The Alternative Splicing Factor, MBNL1, Inhibits Glioblastoma Tumor Initiation and Progression by Reducing Hypoxia-Induced Stemness

Muscleblind-like-proteins (MBNL) belong to a family of tissue-specific regulators of RNA metabolism that control pre-messenger RNA-splicing (AS). Inactivation of MBNL causes an adult-to-fetal AS transition, resulting in the development of myotonic dystrophy. We have previously shown that the aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) maintains stem-like features (GSC) through hypoxia-induced responses. Accordingly, we hypothesize here that hypoxia-induced responses in GBM might also include MBNL-based AS to promote tumor progression. When cultured in hypoxia, GSC rapidly exported MBNL1 out of the nucleus, resulting in significant inhibition of MBNL1 activity. Notably, hypoxia-regulated inhibition of MBNL1 also resulted in evidence of adult-to-fetal alternative splicing transitions. Forced expression of a constitutively active isoform of MBNL1 inhibited GSC self-renewal and tumor initiation in orthotopic transplantation models. Induced expression of MBNL1 in established orthotopic tumors dramatically inhibited tumor progression, resulting in significantly prolonged survival. This study reveals that MBNL1 plays an essential role in GBM stemness and tumor progression, where hypoxic responses within the tumor inhibit MBNL1 activity, promoting stem-like phenotypes and tumor growth. Reversing these effects on MBNL1 may therefore yield potent tumor suppressor activities, uncovering new therapeutic opportunities to counter this disease.
The relationship between dissociative symptoms and the medications used in the treatment of opioid use disorder.

Abstract Opioid use disorder has long been associated with psychiatric symptoms, including dissociative experiences. Medications used to treat opioid use disorder can potentially impact dissociative symptoms, but the existing literature has not explored this. We examined the relationship between dissociative symptoms and opioid use disorder using the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). We studied subjects who were taking prescribed methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone for opioid use disorder. We gave the DES, the Patient Health Questionairre-9 (PHQ-9), and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with Criterion A to subjects in three substance use treatment facilities in Ohio. We conducted Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Spearman's Rank Correlations to examine associations between the variables and outcomes. We developed three separate multiple linear regression models. We included 116 participants in our exploratory and naturalistic study. The majority of participants were female (51.7%), white (89.5%), ≤ 40 years of age (64.7%), and taking buprenorphine (55%). The average DES score was 16.1 (standard deviation = 14.9) and we considered 80.9% to have low dissociation (score
Detecting factor XIa in immune globulin products: Commutability of international reference materials for traditional and global hemostasis assays.

Background Activated coagulation factor XIa (FXIa) is an impurity and primary source of procoagulant activity in thrombosis-implicated immune globulin (IG) products. Several assays, of varying quality and precision are used to assess FXIa-like procoagulant activity in units relevant to their respective principles. Objectives To advance unified reporting, we sought to employ the World Health Organization reference reagents (RRs) to present the results of differing methodologies in units of FXIa activity and rank the sensitivity and robustness of these methodologies. Methods RR 11/236 served as a calibrator in several FXIa-sensitive blood coagulation tests: two commercial chromogenic FXIa assays (CAs); a nonactivated partial thromboplastin time (NaPTT); an in-house fibrin generation (FG) assay; an in-house thrombin generation (TG) assay; and an assay for FXIa- and kallikrein-like proteolytic activities based on cleavage of substrate SN13a. Some assays were tested in either normal or FXI-deficient plasma. Results Each method demonstrated a sigmoidal dose-response to RRs. NaPTT was the least sensitive to FXIa and the least precise; our in-house TG was the most sensitive; and the two CAs were the most precise. All methods, except for SN13a, which is less specific for thrombotic impurities, gave comparable (within 20% difference) FXIa activity assignments for IG lots. Conclusions Purified FXIa reference standards support quantitation of FXIa levels in IG products in all tested assay methodologies. This should help to standardize the measurement of thrombotic potentials in IG products and prevent products exhibiting high procoagulant activity from distribution for patient use. Further research is needed to address the effect of IG product-specific matrixes on assay performance.
Role-Based Access Control Models for Android

Android uses runtime permissions to alert users of application resource usage. Only a limited portion of Android permissions are allowed to be managed by the users. This is made essential, because Android assigns permissions directly to applications, and the number of applications and permissions is high. However, due to this tradeoff, users are restricted from managing all the aspects of their own devices. Android itself groups permissions based on their functionality; however, these groups are immutable and non-overlapping, which confers a rigidity to the permission system. Prior work in adapting RBAC to Android exists but deviates from the standardized NIST RBAC and does not include sessions, a key component of RBAC, used to mitigate the exposure of system resources. So, to fully understand the benefits RBAC offers for Android, and to mitigate its permissions management problem, we propose three new models for RBAC in Android. Our models are aimed to address the issue of user permission management in conjunction with flexibility of being able to assign permissions to either users, applications, or app-components.
Urban Risks and Resilience

The resilience concept has become more significant in the past decade as a means for understanding how cities prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Definitional differences—resilience as an outcome or end-point versus resilience as a process of building capacity—dominate the literature. Lagging behind are efforts to systematically measure resilience to produce a baseline and subsequent monitoring, in order to gauge what, where, and how intervention or mitigation strategies would strengthen or weaken urban resilience. The chapter reviews research and practitioner attempts to develop urban informatics for resilience and provides selected case studies of cities as exemplars.
Emerging Roles of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Pathogenesis

Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan present in nearly all mammalian tissues. Heparan sulfate moieties are attached to the cell surface via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) which are composed of a protein core bound to multiple heparan sulfate chains. HSPGs contribute to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and participate in cell signaling by releasing bound cytokines and chemokines once cleaved by an enzyme, heparanase. HSPGs are often exploited by viruses during infection, particularly during attachment and egress. Loss or inhibition of HSPGs initially during infection can yield significant decreases in viral entry and infectivity. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPGs in the lifecycle of multiple viruses, including herpesviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, and coronaviruses.
The Pathway to Enrolling in a High-Performance High School: Understanding Barriers to Access

In 2017, Chicago Public Schools adopted an online universal application system for all high schools with the hope of providing more equitable access to high-performance schools. Despite the new system, Black students and students living in low-socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods remained less likely than their peers to enroll in a high-performance high school. In this paper, we characterize various constraints that students and families may face in enrolling in a high-performance high school including eligibility to programs based on prior academic achievement, distance from high-performance options, and neighborhood and elementary school resources. After adjusting for differences in these access factors, we find the gap between Black and Latinx students’ likelihood of enrolling in a high-performing high school is reduced by about 80 percent. We find a similarly large reduction in the enrollment gap between students from low- and middle-SES neighborhoods after adjusting for eligibility and distance factors. These findings have implications for policies that may help equalize access to high-performance schools through changes to eligibility requirements and improved transportation options.
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and physicochemical studies of a new copper coordination polymer with 3,3’-diaminodiphenylsulfone as ligand

Abstract A new copper coordination polymer [Cu(DDS)Cl2H2O]n (3,3’-diaminodiphenylsulfone denoted DDS) was synthesized by the slow evaporation method of aqueous solution at room temperature. The obtained complex was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic measurements (IR, Raman and UV-visible absorption) and thermal analysis (TGA and DSC). The examination of the molecular structure shows that the crystal packing can be described as organic-inorganic mixed layers parallel to (a, b) plane. These layers are built of parallel helix linked to each others by hydrogen bonds. In each helix the copper central metal is bound to two ligands and the ligand bridges two coppers. The cohesion among layers, within each helix and between the adjacent helix is assured by N-H…Cl, N-H…O, C-H…O, C-H…Cl, O-H…O and O-H…Cl hydrogen bonding interactions forming a three dimensional network. Hirshfeld Surface analysis (HS) highlights that H...H, H…Cl/Cl…H and O…H/H…O are the most important interactions. Also, functional fragments present in the synthesized copper complex were identified by infrared and Raman studies. In addition, the optical properties were also investigated by UV-vis absorption showing four bands at 291, 365, 448 and 715 nm. Furthermore, TGA and DSC analysis prove that the synthesized compound is stable up to 130°C.
Estimating the error in matrix function approximations

The need to compute matrix functions of the form f(A)v, where $A\in {\mathbb {R}}^{N\times N}$ is a large symmetric matrix, f is a function such that f(A) is well defined, and v≠ 0 is a vector, arises in many applications. This paper is concerned with the situation when A is so large that the evaluation of f(A) is prohibitively expensive. Then, an approximation of f(A)v often is computed by applying a few, say 1 ≤ n ≪ N, steps of the symmetric Lanczos process to A with initial vector v to determine a symmetric tridiagonal matrix $T_{n}\in {\mathbb {R}}^{n\times n}$ and a matrix $V_{n}\in {\mathbb {R}}^{N\times n}$ , whose orthonormal columns span a Krylov subspace. The expression Vnf(Tn)e1∥v∥ furnishes an approximation of f(A)v. The evaluation of f(Tn) is inexpensive, because the matrix Tn is small. It is important to be able to estimate the error in the computed approximation. This paper describes a novel approach that is based on a technique proposed by Spalevic for estimating the error in Gauss quadrature rules.
Targeted Cross-Validation.

In many applications, we have access to the complete dataset but are only interested in the prediction of a particular region of predictor variables. A standard approach is to find the globally best modeling method from a set of candidate methods. However, it is perhaps rare in reality that one candidate method is uniformly better than the others. A natural approach for this scenario is to apply a weighted $L_2$ loss in performance assessment to reflect the region-specific interest. We propose a targeted cross-validation (TCV) to select models or procedures based on a general weighted $L_2$ loss. We show that the TCV is consistent in selecting the best performing candidate under the weighted $L_2$ loss. Experimental studies are used to demonstrate the use of TCV and its potential advantage over the global CV or the approach of using only local data for modeling a local region. Previous investigations on CV have relied on the condition that when the sample size is large enough, the ranking of two candidates stays the same. However, in many applications with the setup of changing data-generating processes or highly adaptive modeling methods, the relative performance of the methods is not static as the sample size varies. Even with a fixed data-generating process, it is possible that the ranking of two methods switches infinitely many times. In this work, we broaden the concept of the selection consistency by allowing the best candidate to switch as the sample size varies, and then establish the consistency of the TCV. This flexible framework can be applied to high-dimensional and complex machine learning scenarios where the relative performances of modeling procedures are dynamic.
Are Suture Tape Knots as Secure as Standard Suture? A Biomechanical Study.

Background:Few studies have investigated the biomechanical performance of flat-braided suture tapes versus round-braided sutures after being knotted.Purpose:To compare the loop security and knot st...
Strategic Competition of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Regulated Retail Electricity Market

The increasing trend of transportation electrification presents investors the opportunity to provide charging services to Electric Vehicle (EV) owners via the energy purchased from the wholesale electricity market. This will benefit EV owners with the availability of competitive rates compared to the regulated utility time-of-use (TOU) rates. The fundamental questions addressed in this paper are 1) will EV owners benefit from the additional choice of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) compared to home charging? 2) is there any profitable market opportunity for charging stations while the retail electricity market is regulated? To this end, the strategic bidding problem for EVCSs which purchase electricity from the Day-Ahead Electricity Market (DAM) and sell it to EV owners is presented. The strategic bidding problem is constrained by the market-clearing problem within the DAM as well as EVs' charging cost minimization problem. A bi-level optimization problem formulation and a solution method are presented to address this work's research questions. The effectiveness of the proposed structure in gaining profit for EVCSs is illustrated, and it is shown that EV owners also save on their charging cost with the presence of EVCSs as a choice.
Navigating the Color Complex: How Multiracial Individuals Narrate the Elements of Appearance and Dynamics of Color in Twenty-First-Century America

Contained herein are interview data for three groups of multiracial individuals including Black-White, Asian-White, and Hispanic-White. While appearance is typically limited to discussions about one’s phenotype as skin color and so forth, the narratives of these multiracial individuals also reveal use of a variety of cultural markers, such as clothing, language, or music, to accentuate, and sometimes facilitate, one’s perceived race or ethnicity by others in context. As the data show, it is not only the context of the spaces of which multiracial individuals have to be aware and gauge as they move through various public and private spaces but also the color of the context that affects the ways in which multiracial individuals can and do navigate their day-to-day lives. Rather than lending credence to the contemporary attempts to deracialize policies and politics, we urge future research to address the inequalities informed by the underlying race-based structures of American society.
A Compact, Wideband Circularly Polarized Co-designed Filtering Antenna and Its Application for Wearable Devices With Low SAR

A compact circularly polarized (CP) co-designed filtering antenna is reported. The device is based on a patch radiator seamlessly integrated with a bandpass filter composed of coupled stripline open-loop resonators, which are designed together as a system. In the proposed design, the patch functions simultaneously as the radiator and the last stage resonator of the filter, resulting in a low-profile integrated radiating and filtering module with a small overall form factor of $\mathbf{0.53{\lambda _0} \times 0.53{\lambda _0} \times 0.07{\lambda _0}}$ . It is shown that the filtering circuit not only ensures frequency selectivity but also provides impedance matching functionality, which serves to broaden both the impedance and axial ratio bandwidths. The designed filtering antenna was fabricated and measured, experimentally achieving an $\mathbf{{S_{11}} , an axial ratio of less than 3 dB and a gain higher than 5.2 dBi over a bandwidth from 3.77 to 4.26 GHz, i.e., around 12.2%, which makes it an excellent candidate for integration into a variety of wireless systems. A linearly polarized version of the integrated filtering antenna was also demonstrated. In addition, further full-wave simulations and experiments were carried out to verify that the designed CP filtering antenna maintains its properties even when mounted on different positions of the human body with various body gestures. The stable impedance and radiation properties also make it a suitable candidate as a wearable antenna for off-body wireless communications.
Chicken Monster or Chicken Little

The Monster at Our Door . The Global Threat of Avian Flu. By Mike Davis . New Press, New York, 2005. 220 pp. $21.95, C$26.95, €12.99. ISBN 1-59558-011-5. The author summarizes the evolution of H5N1 and related viruses and discusses factors\---|burgeoning slums, agribusiness, fast-food industries, corrupt governments\---|that have created conditions conducive to the emergence of a pandemic.