cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma sputtering erosion/redeposition in fusion tokamaks—Modeling status and challenges

Plasma/material (PMI) interactions is the most critical engineering issue for fusion power development. Key concerns include the lifetime of plasma facing components (PFC's) due to steady state sputter erosion, plasma contamination by eroded material, tritium codeposition in redeposited material, and plasma operating limits due to these factors.
Prostate Cancer Risk Profiles of Asian-American Men: Disentangling the Effects of Immigration Status and Race/Ethnicity

Purpose: Asian-American men with prostate cancer have been reported to present with higher grade and later stage disease than white American men. However, Asian-American men comprise a heterogeneous population with distinct health outcomes. We compared prostate cancer risk profiles among the diverse racial and ethnic groups in California.Materials and Methods: We used data from the California Cancer Registry on 90,845 nonHispanic white, nonHispanic black and Asian-American men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004 and 2010. Patients were categorized into low, intermediate and high risk groups based on clinical stage, Gleason score and prostate specific antigen at diagnosis. Using polytomous logistic regression we estimated adjusted ORs for the association of race/ethnicity and nativity with risk group.Results: In addition to the nonHispanic black population, 6 Asian-American groups (United States born Chinese, foreign born Chinese, United States born Japanese, foreign born Japanese, foreign born Fil...
Preferred body temperatures in five nearctic freshwater turtles : a preliminary study

Abstract 1. 1. The preferred body temperature of five freshwater turtle species was determined in a thermal gradient. 2. 2. There was no significant difference between the mean preferred temperatures (MPTs) of Pseudemys rubriventris, Clemmys insculpta, and Graptemys geographica. 3. 3. The MPT of Trachemys scripta elegans was significantly higher (P 4. 4. No intraspecific or interspecific correlation between body wt and MPT was found.
Ether glycerophospholipids of gills of two pacific crabs,Cancer antennarius andPortunus xantusi

Phospholipids and sterols constituted 70 and 20%, respectively, of the total lipids of the gills of two crabs,Cancer antennarius andPortunus xantusi. Phosphatidylcholine (46–55% of the total phospholipid phosphorous) and phosphatidylethanolamine (24–25%) were the principal phospholipids present. In both species 1′-alkenyl glycerols were present in about 20% of the phospholipid molecules but were not detected in the neutral gill lipids. The total ether phospholipids ofC. antennarius gills contained 62% 1-(1′-alkenyl) groups, with the remainder probably being 1-alkyl moieties. Total gill plasmalogen contents were in the range of 163–184 μmol/g lipid, 82–87% of which was in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction in both crab species.
Socially transmitted mate preferences in a monogamous bird : a non-genetic mechanism of sexual selection

There is increasing evidence that animals can acquire mate preferences through the use of public information, notably by observing (and copying) the mate preferences of others in the population. If females acquire preferences through social mechanisms, sexual selection could act very rapidly to spread the preference and drive elaboration of the preferred trait(s). Although there are reports of ‘mate-choice copying’ in polygynous species, there is no clear evidence for this process in monogamous species. Here, we investigated whether adult female zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata can socially acquire sexual preferences for individual males and, in a separate study, for a generalized trait (coloured leg bands) of males. In both studies, test females observed males in two simultaneous conditions: a (‘chosen’) mixed-sex situation in which a male was paired with a (model) female, and a (‘unchosen’) same-sex situation in which a male was paired with another male. In the first experiment, after two weeks of females observing males, test females significantly preferred individual males who had been paired with another female (i.e. chosen males). In the second experiment, test females significantly preferred novel males that were wearing the same leg band colour as the apparently chosen males. Our findings are consistent with the conclusion that female zebra finches' mate preferences are altered by public information. Our study implies that mate preferences can spread rapidly through populations by social mechanisms, affecting the strength of sexual selection in a monogamous species.
Impact of dietary components on phenotypic measurements for Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Previous studies in healthy horses have demonstrated that dietary adaptation has an impact on many of the phenotypic variables measured and used as diagnostic criteria for horses with presumptive equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). However, the relationship between dietary intake and measured responses in EMS horses is less understood. Our objectives were to evaluate the relationships between dietary components and phenotypic variables used as EMS criteria and todetermine if the relationship differs based on obesity or previous laminitis status. Biochemical and dietary data were collected from 634 horses from 167 farms located throughout the United States and Canada. Biochemical variables were measured in the fasted state (insulin, glucose, triglycerides, NEFA and leptin concentrations) and after an oral sugar test (glucose and insulin concentrations. For each individual, total daily dietary consumption was calculated by weighing the daily rations of hay and concentrate and estimating pasture consumption based on hours of pasture access per day. Concentrate, hay and pasture samples were analyzed (Equi-Analytical, Ithaca, NY). Total daily digestible energy, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrates, and starch were calculated as a percent body weight in dry matter intake. Correlations with dietary components adjusted for obesity, previous laminitis status, age, breed, sex, and exercise were determined using a mixed effects model with farm as a random effect. Interaction terms were included in the model to detect differences in the correlations between dietary components and EMS phenotypic
Acute Kidney Injury in the Cancer Patient

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and significant complication of cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer patients frequently encounter risk factors for AKI including older age, CKD, prerenal conditions, sepsis, exposure to nephrotoxins, and obstructive physiology. AKI can also be secondary to paraneoplastic conditions, including glomerulonephritis and microangiopathic processes. This complication can have significant consequences, including effects on patients' ability to continue to receive therapy for their malignancy. This review will serve to summarize potential etiologies of AKI that present in patients with cancer as well as to highlight specific patient populations, such as the critically ill cancer patient.
Effect of nanoscale surface roughness on the bonding energy of direct-bonded silicon wafers

Direct wafer bonding of silicon wafers is a promising technology for manufacturing three-dimensional complex microelectromechanical systems as well as silicon-on-insulator substrates. Previous work has reported that the bond quality declines with increasing surface roughness, however, this relationship has not been quantified. This article explicitly correlates the bond quality, which is quantified by the apparent bonding energy, and the surface morphology via the bearing ratio, which describes the area of surface lying above a given depth. The apparent bonding energy is considered to be proportional to the real area of contact. The effective area of contact is defined as the area sufficiently close to contribute to the attractive force between the two bonding wafers. Experiments were conducted with silicon wafers whose surfaces were roughened by a buffered oxide etch solution (BOE, HF:NH4F=1:7) and/or a potassium hydroxide solution. The surface roughness was measured by atomic force microscopy. The wafer...
Control of Rotating Exciters for Power System Damping: Pilot Applications and Experience

Control of rotating exciters to improve system damping has been carried forward in pilot applications to evaluate practicality, effectiveness, alinement needs, and operating characteristics. The first application to this type of exciter system has been in operation since July 1967. These pilot applications include exciters with rotating amplifier regulators and with static regulators. Information yield has been high. New control requirements have been indicated and satisfied. Tests and alinement procedures, application criteria, and auxiliary techniques have been developed. Results have been gratifying.
Vacuum‐spray stripping of sparingly soluble gases from aqueous solutions: Part II. Stripper design using jet impingement nozzles

Experimental data on vacuum-spray stripping of sparingly soluble gases from aqueous solution using hydraulic nozzles were presented in part I of this communication. Mass transfer was shown to occur primarily from the thin liquid sheet issuing from the nozzle tip in semiquantitative accordance with an analytical model based on laminar flow behavior. Jet impingement hydraulic nozzles offer the advantages of simplicity and low operating cost in vacuum-spray stripping. An empirical model for the turbulent flow regime has been developed to facilitate incorporating jet impingement nozzles into a vacuum stripper design. The results of an economic analysis comparing other types of industrial vacuum strippers with the proposed design of a jet impingement vacuum stripper show the latter process to compare very favorably in terms of estimated equipment size and cost and in expected operating cost.
Pesticide interaction creates hybrid residue.

When applied in combination, the herbicides N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-propionamide (propanil) and N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-pentanamide (solan) were transformed in soil to an unexpected residue—asymmetric 3,39,4-trichloro-49-methylazobenzene. Each herbicide contributed one-half of the asymmetric azobenzene molecule.
Schools as Healthful Environments: Prerequisite to Comprehensive School Health

The development of healthy schools to support and nature the well-being of students, teachers, and staff is proposed as a first step toward the goal of comprehensive health education. A focus on healthy schools incorporates elements of an expanded concept of comprehensive health education that demands careful consideration of the physical, psychological, and social environment of the nation's schools--worksite to 51 million (students, teachers, and staff). The active participation of all stakeholders in environmental assessments, health and safety audits, and restructuring of schools is an essential part of the school reform movement. A healthy worksite concept supports the transformation of the school environment to increase "productivity" by enhancing the ability of teachers, staff, and students to function well.
The impact of chorionicity on umbilical cord acid-base values in twin gestations.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of chorionicity on inter-twin differences in acid–base status at birth.Methods: Records for twin pregnancies delivered at ⩾ 24 weeks' gestation from 1 January 1990 to 31 June 2000 were reviewed. Collected data included maternal demographics, gestational age, fetal presentation, anesthesia, delivery mode, inter-twin interval, umbilical artery (UA) and venous (UV) acid–base values, Apgar scores and birth weights. The influence of chorionicity on umbilical cord biochemistry was evaluated. (p < 0.05 was considered significant.)Results: Analysis was carried out in 87 twin pairs (29 monochorionic, MC; and 58 dichorionic, DC). MC and DC twins were similar in maternal age (25.5 vs. 28.2 years), estimated gestational age (33.7 vs. 33.6 weeks), Cesarean delivery (55.2 vs. 52.6%), delivery interval (10 v s.5 min) and respective birth weights (twin A,1882 vs. 1981; and twin B,1828 vs. 1872 g). MC first twins had a higher UA pH (7.31 ± 0.05 vs. 7.26 ± 0.08; p = 0.0005) than DC first t...
A systematic review of metabolite profiling in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aims/hypothesis Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes during, as well as subsequent to, pregnancy, including increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Because of the importance of early risk stratification in preventing these complications, improved first-trimester biomarker determination for diagnosing gestational diabetes would enhance our ability to optimise both maternal and fetal health. Metabolomic profiling, the systematic study of small molecule products of biochemical pathways, has shown promise in the identification of key metabolites associated with the pathogenesis of several metabolic diseases, including gestational diabetes. This article provides a systematic review of the current state of research on biomarkers and gestational diabetes and discusses the clinical relevance of metabolomics in the prediction, diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes.
Geostatistical modelling of uncertainty in soil science

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of modelling the uncertainty about the value of continuous soil attributes, at any particular unsampled location (local uncertainty) as well as jointly over several locations (multiple-point or spatial uncertainty). Two approaches are presented: kriging-based and simulation-based techniques that can be implemented within a parametric (e.g. multi-Gaussian) or non-parametric (indicator) frameworks. As expected in theory and illustrated by case studies, the two approaches yield similar models of local uncertainty, yet the simulation-based approach has several advantages over kriging: (1) it provides a model of spatial uncertainty, e.g. the probability that a given threshold is exceeded jointly at several locations can be readily computed, (2) conditional cumulative distribution function (ccdf) for supports larger than the measurement support (e.g. remediation units or flow simulator cells) can be numerically approximated by the cumulative distribution of block simulated values that are obtained by averaging values simulated within the block, and (3) the set of realizations allows one to study the propagation of uncertainty through global GIS operations or complex transfer functions, such as flow simulators that consider many locations simultaneously rather than one at a time. The other issue is the evaluation of the quality or “goodness” of uncertainty models. Two new criteria (exceedence probability plot and narrowness of probability intervals that include the true values) are presented to assess the accuracy and precision of local uncertainty models using cross-validation. According to the second criterion, multi-Gaussian kriging performs better than indicator kriging for the hydraulic conductivity (HC) data set. However, looking at the distribution of flow simulator responses, sequential indicator simulation (sis) yields better results than sequential Gaussian simulation (sGs) that does not allow for significant correlation of extreme values (destructuration effect).
Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body

The microbiome composition of 300 individuals sampled over 12–18 months was partitioned into microbial community types, which could be associated with the type found at other body sites, as well as with whether individuals were breastfed as an infant, their gender and their level of education. The Human Microbiome Project provided a reference collection of 16S rRNA gene sequences from sites across the human body from 300 individuals at a single point in time. Here Tao Ding and Patrick Schloss incorporate additional data collected over the course of 12–18 months, partitioning the complete data set into community types for each body site and comparing the results with life-history factors. Highlights of their analysis include strong associations between community type and whether the individuals were breastfed as an infant, their gender, and their level of education. In addition, they find that although the community types of the oral and gut microbiota were distinct, they were also predictive of each other. A primary goal of the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was to provide a reference collection of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences collected from sites across the human body that would allow microbiologists to better associate changes in the microbiome with changes in health1. The HMP Consortium has reported the structure and function of the human microbiome in 300 healthy adults at 18 body sites from a single time point2,3. Using additional data collected over the course of 12–18 months, we used Dirichlet multinomial mixture models4 to partition the data into community types for each body site and made three important observations. First, there were strong associations between whether individuals had been breastfed as an infant, their gender, and their level of education with their community types at several body sites. Second, although the specific taxonomic compositions of the oral and gut microbiomes were different, the community types observed at these sites were predictive of each other. Finally, over the course of the sampling period, the community types from sites within the oral cavity were the least stable, whereas those in the vagina and gut were the most stable. Our results demonstrate that even with the considerable intra- and interpersonal variation in the human microbiome, this variation can be partitioned into community types that are predictive of each other and are probably the result of life-history characteristics. Understanding the diversity of community types and the mechanisms that result in an individual having a particular type or changing types, will allow us to use their community types to assess disease risk and to personalize therapies.
The Timing of Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Mothers' Parenting Practices With Young Children: Implications for Pediatric Practice

BACKGROUND.The prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms and its associated consequences on parental behaviors, child health, and development are well documented. Researchers have called for additional work to investigate the effects of the timing of maternal depressive symptoms at various stages in the development of the young child on the emergence of developmentally appropriate parenting practices. For clinicians, data are limited about when or how often to screen for maternal depressive symptoms or how to target anticipatory guidance to address parental needs. PURPOSE.We sought to determine whether concurrent maternal depressive symptoms have a greater effect than earlier depressive symptoms on the emergence of maternal parenting practices at 30 to 33 months in 3 important domains of child safety, development, and discipline. METHODOLOGY.Secondary analyses from the Healthy Steps National Evaluation were conducted for this study. Data sources included a self-administered enrollment questionnaire and computer-assisted telephone interviews with the mother when the Healthy Steps children were 2 to 4 and 30 to 33 months of age. The 30- to 33-month interview provided information about 4 safety practices (ie, always uses car seat, has electric outlet covers, has safety latches on cabinets, and lowered temperature on the water heater), 6 child development practices (ie, talks daily to child while working, plays daily with child, reads daily to child, limits child television and video watching to 2 hours a day, follows 3 daily routines, and being more nurturing), and 3 discipline practices (ie, uses more reasoning, uses more harsh punishment, and ever slapped child on the face or spanked the child with an object). The parenting practices were selected based on evidence of their importance for child health and development, near complete data, and sample variability. The discipline practices were constructed from the Parental Response to Misbehavior Scale. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using a 14-item
Circulants and their connectivities

There is diverse literature on various properties of a class of graphs known as circulants. We present a new result which answers the previously unsolved question of characterizing the connection sequence of circulants having point connectivity equal to point degree. We also develop some theorems regarding a new generalization of connectivity known as super-connectivity. In addition, we give a survey of published results pertinent to the study of connectivity of circulants.
Feature Subsumption for Opinion Analysis

Lexical features are key to many approaches to sentiment analysis and opinion detection. A variety of representations have been used, including single words, multi-word Ngrams, phrases, and lexico-syntactic patterns. In this paper, we use a subsumption hierarchy to formally define different types of lexical features and their relationship to one another, both in terms of representational coverage and performance. We use the subsumption hierarchy in two ways: (1) as an analytic tool to automatically identify complex features that outperform simpler features, and (2) to reduce a feature set by removing unnecessary features. We show that reducing the feature set improves performance on three opinion classification tasks, especially when combined with traditional feature selection.
Transcriptional regulation of the HO-1 gene in cultured macrophages exposed to model airborne particulate matter

Respirable particulate matter generated during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels may principally target the cells found in the distal region of the lung. This study characterizes some of the ef...
Effect of Load on Peak Power of the Bar, Body and System during the Deadlift

The purpose of this investigation was to examine how load would affect peak power (PP) of the bar, body and system (bar + body) during the deadlift. Eight healthy males (age = 22.00 ± 2.38 years; height = 1.80 ± 0.05 m; body mass = 88.97 ± 14.88 kg; deadlift one repetition maximum [1RM] = 203.44 ± 21.59 kg, 1RM/BM = 2.32 ± 0.31) with a minimum of 2 years' resistance training experience and a deadlift 1RM over 1.5 times their bodyweight participated in the investigation. During the first session, anthropometric data were recorded and a 1RM deadlift was obtained from the participants. During the second session, participants performed two repetitions at intensities of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% of their 1RM in a randomized order. Three-dimensional videography with a force plate was used for data collection and analysis. Peak force (PF), peak velocity (PV), an d PP were calculated for the bar, body, and system (bar + body) during the deadlift. PP occurred at 50%, 30%, and 70% of 1RM for the bar, body, and system, respectively. The optimal loading for the deadlift exercise may vary depending on the desired stimulus and whether the bar, body, or system variables are of most interest. Key pointsPeak power of the bar, body and system vary depending upon load.Loading should be chosen according to desired training effect, with considerations for sport specificity.Additional exercises should be investigated concerning the effect of various loads on power.
Immunity from Smallpox Vaccine Persists for Decades: A Longitudinal Study

PURPOSE: The threat of smallpox resulting from bioterrorist action has prompted a reassessment of the level of immunity in current populations. METHODS: We have examined the magnitude and duration of antiviral antibody immunity conferred by smallpox vaccination in 246 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Of this population, 209 subjects were vaccinated one or more times 13 to 88 years before this evaluation, and stored serum samples were available at various intervals after vaccination. An additional 8 subjects who had documented childhood smallpox infection and 29 subjects with no history of infection or vaccination were included. We quantified the total vaccinia IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in each of these subgroups of participants over time. RESULTS: Vaccinated participants maintained antivaccinia IgG and neutralizing antibody titers above 3 natural logs essentially indefinitely. The absolute titer of antivaccinia antibody was only slightly higher after multiple vaccinations. In 97% of the participants, no decrease in vaccinia-specific antibody titers was noted with age over a follow-up period of up to 88 years. Moreover, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants who survived active smallpox infections in their youth retained antivaccinia antibody titers that were similar to the levels detected in vaccinated subjects. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that multiple or recent vaccinations are not essential to maintain vaccinia-specific antibody responses in human subjects. Scarce vaccine supplies should be applied first to individuals who have not previously been vaccinated.
A quantitative performance analysis model for GPU architectures

We develop a microbenchmark-based performance model for NVIDIA GeForce 200-series GPUs. Our model identifies GPU program bottlenecks and quantitatively analyzes performance, and thus allows programmers and architects to predict the benefits of potential program optimizations and architectural improvements. In particular, we use a microbenchmark-based approach to develop a throughput model for three major components of GPU execution time: the instruction pipeline, shared memory access, and global memory access. Because our model is based on the GPU's native instruction set, we can predict performance with a 5–15% error. To demonstrate the usefulness of the model, we analyze three representative real-world and already highly-optimized programs: dense matrix multiply, tridiagonal systems solver, and sparse matrix vector multiply. The model provides us detailed quantitative analysis on performance, allowing us to understand the configuration of the fastest dense matrix multiply implementation and to optimize the tridiagonal solver and sparse matrix vector multiply by 60% and 18% respectively. Furthermore, our model applied to analysis on these codes allows us to suggest architectural improvements on hardware resource allocation, avoiding bank conflicts, block scheduling, and memory transaction granularity.
In vitro instability of a commonly used tricarbocyanine dye.

SummaryThe use of an indicator dye for serial determinations of cardiac function by the dye dilution technic requires in vitro stability of the dye for the duration of the study period, since repeated calibration curves are not routinely performed. The light absorption of a commonly used tricarbocyanine dye (Cardio Green) in the manufacturer's solvent and in whole blood was studied continuously (Beckman DK-2 spectrophotometer) for 8 hours following preparation of the dye solution. Although the wave length of peak absorbance in aqueous solution did not deviate from 775 millimicrons, a progressive increase in absorbance (as much as 10% in 8 hours) was consistently observed, in direct contrast to previous reports. However, throughout the period of study, the dye continued to conform to the Beer-Lambert Law, thus permitting correction of the changing absorbance by construction of a calibration curve each time the dye is used. Unless such a correction is made, a significant error can be introduced into serial ...
Structural sensitivities of finite-frequency seismic waves: a full-wave approach

SUMMARY We use the normal-mode theory to investigate the sensitivities of the delay times of finitefrequency seismic waves to 3-D perturbations in wave speeds relative to 1-D reference models. The normal-mode theory provides the exact solutions to the wave equation in 1-D models, thus enabling a full-wave approach to the wave propagation in the sense that for a given pair of source and receiver, it accounts for all the waves that travel from the source to the receiver following any possible paths, and that it models accurately all the possible wave effects such as diffraction and non-geometrical propagation. We illustrate the complex picture of finite-frequency wave
Home Appliance Noise: Annoyance and Speech Interference

How annoying is appliance noise? How much does appliance noise interfere with speech? While listening to the noise from 10 different home appliances, eight subjects wrote the words being read to them. Then they voted their annoyance with each noise on a 5-point scale. Annoyance score was well described by a straight line as a function of decibels on the A scale (dbA). Speech interference in percentage of words missed also was well predicted by a straight line where percentage missed was a function of dbA.
Design and Demonstration of an Infrared Meanderline Phase Retarder

We compare design and measurements for a single-layer meanderline quarter-wave phase retarder, operating across the wavelength range from 8 to 12 micrometers (25 to 37.5 THz) in the infrared. The structure was fabricated using direct-write electron-beam lithography. With measured frequency-dependent material properties incorporated into a periodic-moment-method model, reasonable agreement is obtained for the spectral dependence of axial ratio and phase delay. As expected from theory, the single-layer meanderline design has relatively low throughput (23%), but with extension to multiple-layer designs, the meanderline approach offers significant potential benefits as compared to conventional birefringent crystalline waveplates in terms of spectral bandwidth, angular bandwidth, and cost. Simple changes in the lithographic geometry will allow designs to be developed for specific phase retardations over specified frequency ranges in the infrared, terahertz, or millimeter-wave bands, where custom-designed waveplates are not commercially available.
Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire: Renal Replacement Therapy

Presentation of the Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire has become an annual "tradition" at the meetings of the American Society of Nephrology. It is a very popular session judged by consistently large attendance. Members of the audience test their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by experts. They can also compare their answers in real time, using audience response devices, with those of program directors of nephrology training programs in the United States, acquired through an Internet-based questionnaire. Topics presented here include fluid and electrolyte disorders, transplantation, and ESRD and dialysis. Cases representing each of these categories along with single best answer questions were prepared by a panel of experts (Drs. Palmer, Hricik, and Golper, respectively). After the audience responses, the "correct" and "incorrect" answers then were briefly discussed and the results of the questionnaire were displayed. This article aims to recapitulate the session and reproduce its educational value for a larger audience-readers of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Have fun.
Remote Sensing of the Nearshore

The shallow waters of the nearshore ocean are popular, dynamic, and often hostile. Prediction in this domain is usually limited less by our understanding of the physics or by the power of our models than by the availability of input data, such as bathymetry and wave conditions. It is a challenge for traditional in situ instruments to provide these inputs with the appropriate temporal or spatial density or at reasonable logistical or financial costs. Remote sensing provides an attractive alternative. We discuss the range of different sensors that are available and the differing physical manifestations of their interactions with the ocean surface. We then present existing algorithms by which the most important geophysical variables can be estimated from remote sensing measurements. Future directions and opportunities will depend on expected developments in sensors and platforms and on improving processing algorithms, including data assimilation formalisms.
Gingival enlargement as a manifestation of tuberous sclerosis: case report and periodontal management.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal-dominant inherited disease involving many organs of the body. Oral manifestations include gingival enlargement, fibromas, and dental enamel pitting. The report presents a case of tuberous sclerosis with gingival enlargement histologically consistent with angiofibroma, describes its successful periodontal management, and reviews the literature associated with oral manifestations of tuberous sclerosis.Methods: A 26-year-old white male presented to the Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, with a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis and a chief complaint of gingival enlargement affecting mastication and esthetics. Following a complete medical history review, consultation with the patient's medical team at New York University Medical Center, and a thorough oral and periodontal examination, a treatment plan was developed that included oral hygiene instructions, mechanical debridement, and periodontal reevaluation. T...
Cloning and molecular characterization of an oral papillomavirus of domestic rabbits.

Abstract DNA obtained from New Zealand white rabbit oral papillomas was analyzed for the presence of papillomavirus DNA. The viral genome was cloned as three separate subdones, which were each mapped and oriented with respect to one another. Comparisons with other papillomavirus DNAs by Southern blot hybridization under various conditions of stringency revealed a strong area of conservation among the DNAs of the rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV) and CRPV, HPV-1a, HPV-16, and BPV-5, but not with 12 other papillomavirus DNAs. This region, which spans the junction of the presumptive E2 and L2 open reading frames of ROPV, was sequenced and compared to other known papillomavirus sequences. These analyses revealed a high degree of DNA homology in the C-terminal E2 and N-terminal L2 regions between ROPY and both HPV-1 a and CRPV. The homology with HPV-16 was limited to the L2 open reading frame. The predicted amino acid sequences of each region were also compared and bore out the same conclusions. In addition, no E5 open reading frame was detected in the ROPY sequence.
Splits of windage losses in integrated transient rotor and stator thermal analysis of a high-speed alternator during multiple discharges

For a high-speed electrical alternator, the rotor outer banding and stator inner liner are typically made of high strength graphite epoxy composites due to their high strength and stiffness. Machine structural integrity at high rotating speeds degrades significantly as the composite resins lose their strength at high temperatures. The magnitude of the frictional windage losses generated in the air gaps and the splits of the windage losses between the rotor and stator become crucial to the machine design since these windage losses greatly influence the rotor outer and stator inner surface temperatures. Splits of windage losses generated by an enclosed high-speed composite rotor in low air pressure environments were investigated by The University of Texas at Austin Center for Electromechanics and described in a companion paper. The windage splits are dictated by the air temperature gradients at the rotor outer and stator inner surfaces. Unique heating, cooling, and component material properties of a typical high-speed alternator during repetitive-discharge events make its transient air-gap windage splits very much different from those of the test setup. This paper describes transient windage splits in integrated rotor and stator thermal analyses of a high-speed alternator designed for multiple discharges. The transient windage splits in the air-gap air flow were obtained through multiple iterations on windage losses, air-gap air temperatures, and rotor and stator surface temperatures.
Estimation of Atmospheric Predictability by Circulation Analogs

Abstract An empirical predictability study is presented based on 7OO-hPa Northern Hemispheric circulation analogs. A linear relationship between the initial root-mean-square difference of analog pairs and the time taken for the error to reach a certain limit value is used to extrapolate the predictability with initial errors considerably smaller than those in the present database. The relationship, first used in predictability experiments with the NMC numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, conforms to the experimental data in that the effor growth depends not only on the magnitude of the error but also, to a lesser extent, on the initial error. Despite the fact that earlier error growth studies did not reflect this dependence on the initial error predictability results with two state-of-the-art numerical models using different analysis methods, and those derived here by the linear relationship mentioned above from circulation analogs are gratifyingly similar. These estimates indicate that given the pre...
Dynamic tensile behavior of electron beam additive manufactured Ti6Al4V

Abstract High rate and quasi-static tensile experiments examined strain rate dependence on flow stress and strain hardening of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V. Variations on strain-hardening coefficient indicate that the rate of thermal softening is greater than strain hardening during plastic deformation. Strain rate sensitivity calculations within the plastic strain regime suggest changes in deformation mechanisms. Fractography revealed cup-and-cone fracture for quasi-static samples and shear mechanisms for high rate samples. As-deposited microstructure consisted of bimodal α + β with the presence of secondary martensitic phase.
Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of emtricitabine in cervical tissue model using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization

A quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (QMSI) technique using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) is demonstrated for the antiretroviral (ARV) drug emtricitabine in incubated human cervical tissue. Method development of the QMSI technique leads to a gain in sensitivity and removal of interferences for several ARV drugs. Analyte response was significantly improved by a detailed evaluation of several cationization agents. Increased sensitivity and removal of an isobaric interference was demonstrated with sodium chloride in the electrospray solvent. Voxel-to-voxel variability was improved for the MSI experiments by normalizing analyte abundance to a uniformly applied compound with similar characteristics to the drug of interest. Finally, emtricitabine was quantified in tissue with a calibration curve generated from the stable isotope-labeled analog of emtricitabine followed by cross-validation using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The quantitative IR-MALDESI analysis proved to be reproducible with an emtricitabine concentration of 17.2 ± 1.8 μg/gtissue. This amount corresponds to the detection of 7 fmol/voxel in the IR-MALDESI QMSI experiment. Adjacent tissue slices were analyzed using LC-MS/MS which resulted in an emtricitabine concentration of 28.4 ± 2.8 μg/gtissue.
Abstract 3011: Correlation of PERK activation with increased GRP78-binding in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Ultraviolet (UV) light has been shown to be a potential human carcinogen, and it is widely accepted that UV exposure can impact protein expression via both transcriptional and translational regulation. PERK is one of the eIF2α kinases that is activated and inhibits protein synthesis upon UV irradiation. However, the mechanism for UV-induced PERK activation is not fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the role of GRP78/BiP, an inhibitory PERK-binding protein, in the regulation of PERK activity in UVB irradiated cells. Our data showed that while PERK expression was reduced in both human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells, GRP78/BiP expression remained steady in HaCaT and slightly increased in MEF cells after UVB irradiation. Our data also showed that the Tyr phosphorylation of PERK, an indication of activation, was increased after UVB irradiation, which confirmed the role of PERK in UV-induced translational regulation. Unexpectedly, a co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated PERK activation was accompanied with an increase in PERK-bound GRP78/BiP in the irradiated HaCaT cells. Based on these results, we propose that UV-induced PERK activation might be GRP78/BiP-independent, and its activation pathway in HaCaT cells may be unique from other cell lines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3011. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3011
The Structure of Dislocations in Low-Angle Grain Boundaries in the Diamond Cubic Lattice

Dislocations in low-angle tilt boundaries exhibit a wide variety of Burgers vector including $${{\rm{a}} \over 2}\left\langle {112} \right\rangle$$ , a and a . The dislocations are usually dissociated: Shohkley, stair-rod and Frank partial dislocations may each be formed together with associated intrinsic and extrinsic stackingfaults. Dislocations in low-angle {111} twist boundaries are usually assumed to dissociated by a glide mechanism to give two types of extended nodes, known as P–type and K–type, which contain intrinsic and extrinsic stacking-faults respectively. It is shown that dissociation by climb actually occurs for both types of grain boundary.
Study of the 6 Li( 6 Li, 6 Li * (3.56)) 6 Li * (3.56) and the 6 Li( 6 Li, 6 He) 6 Be reactions

Angular distributions have been measured for the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$$^{*}(3.56)$)$^{6}\mathrm{Li}$$^{*}(3.56)$ and the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{6}\mathrm{He}$)$^{6}\mathrm{Be}$ reactions at laboratory bombarding energies of 32 and 36 MeV, and excitation functions have been measured at 88\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the center of mass. All final-state nuclei are members of the same $T=1$ isomultiplet and according to charge independence, the two reactions should have equal cross sections. Large differences in the cross sections of the two reactions are observed indicating that charge-dependent effects are important. For example at 32 MeV the ratio of the two cross sections, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}^{*}$)$^{6}\mathrm{Li}^{*}$/$^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{6}\mathrm{He}$)$^{6}\mathrm{Be}$, oscillates with angle, varying in magnitude from 0.17 to greater than 1.65.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}^{*}$(3.56)), ($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{6}\mathrm{He}$), $E=28\ensuremath{-}36$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E,\ensuremath{\theta})$, $\ensuremath{\theta}=17\ensuremath{-}{90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ c.m., $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}={4}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$; Legendre polynomial expansion of $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$.]
Abstract LB-207: Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) - the key driver in inflammation-induced progression of cancer*

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL It is becoming evident that chronic inflammation plays important roles during carcinogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. However, molecular mechanisms linking inflammation to cancer progression remains elusive. Here we report that aberrant expression of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a stress-responsive gene whose expression is modulated by multiple inflammatory signals, plays a key role in reprogramming epithelial cancer cells to dedifferentiation pathway. TG2 expression initiated the developmental program of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and conferred stem cell traits in non-transformed and transformed epithelial cells. At molecular level, TG2 expression resulted in constitutive activation of nuclear transcription factor, NF-κB via a non-canonical pathways. Thus, TG2 associates in complex with the inhibitory protein IκBα, resulting in its rapid degradation via non-proteasomal pathway. Hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1α) was identified as one of the direct downstream targets for TG2-induced NF-κB. TG2/ NF-κB-induced increase in HIF-1α resulted in regulation of transcription repressors like Snail, Zeb-1, and Twist, the known inducers of EMT/CSC. Importantly, our studies suggested that TG2 in closed or compact conformation could promote the oncogenic functions while open or extended conformation is completely inactive in this regard. TG2-induced programming rendered epithelial cells resistant to stress-induced death (including chemo- and radiation-therapies) and increased their propensity to metastasize. Indeed, previous studies support this contention and suggested that inhibition of TG2 could increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and inhibit their metastasis, both in vitro and in animal models. Moreover, high basal expression of TG2 in breast, ovarian and pancreatic tumor samples is associated with poor disease outcome. These data warrants further studies to develop selective inhibitors/modulators of TG2 to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and to prevent their progression to metastatic disease. *Supported by a grant from Susan G. Komen Foundation for Cure. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-207. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-207
Collaboration in Improving Care for Patients: How Can We Find Out What We Haven’t Been Able to Figure Out Yet?

Article-at-a-Glance Background Questions, or what the physicist and learning expert Reginald Revans called "insightful inquiry," are essential to learning. People remember and use what they discover themselves. But many habits and activities in front-line workplaces of patient care have not promoted frank discussions of what we haven't figured out yet about improving care for patients. Leaders are no longer defined by having the right answers. Leaders will be the ones who have the right questions and who promote local learning with the right questions. Suggestions for getting started in collaboration The authors suggest questions to ask to get collaborative inquiry going and cite examples they have collected. The questions and examples are grouped in seven thematic categories: ■Listening to and appreciating others; ■Thinking across disciplines and roles; ■Sharing ideas and linking those shared ideas to execution and deployment of change; ■Appreciating systems and interdependencies; ■Using research (including local research) to inform our practices; ■Using methods, skills, and techniques as facilitators of collaboration; and ■Working across organizational boundaries.