cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rock Ritual and Literature: Youth Culture and the Transition to Democracy in the Southern Cone

The paper proposes a reflection on pogo dance, and its aesthetic and political significance in the context of youth cultures in the Southern Cone. I propose a reading of ‘pogo’ as part of the rock event, looking into the performative aspects of this cultural form, and discussing how the ceremonial and the ritual in the rock event constitute and reveal the cultural; how the political inscribes the global and redefines it; and how the rock conglomerate becomes an aesthetics that feeds and is fed by the literary in the Southern Cone. The focus of my study falls on the less studied side of rock communication: audience participation, specifically pogo dance. The approach I am proposing identifies a recurring connectedness along the rock recital, and what is involved in it, and the theatrical. The paper focuses on a group of texts by Uruguayan authors, which have been referred to as the ‘Aesthetic of Cruelty’.
Energy-energy correlations in electron-positron annihilation

The theoretical and experimental status of energy-energy correlations in high-energy electron-positron annihilation is reviewed. The importance of measuring structure with respect to external, laboratory directions is emphasized.
The hazard potential: Introduction and overview

This is an expository article directed at reliability theorists, survival analysts, and others interested in looking at life history and event data. Here we introduce the notion of a hazard potential as an unknown resource that an item is endowed with at inception. The item fails when this resource becomes depleted. The cumulative hazard is a proxy for the amount of resource consumed, and the hazard function is a proxy for the rate at which this resource is consumed. With this conceptualization of the failure process, we are able to characterize accelerated, decelerated, and normal tests and are also able to provide a perspective on the cause of interdependent lifetimes. Specifically, we show that dependent life lengths are the result of dependent hazard potentials. Consequently, we are able to generate new families of multivariate life distributions using dependent hazard potentials as a seed. For an item that operates in a dynamic environment, we argue that its lifetime is the killing time of a continuo...
Simultaneous observations of the exterior cusp region

Abstract A case study is presented analyzing the properties and spatial extent of the exterior cusp region. The dynamic nature of the exterior cusp makes the large scale properties difficult to measure using a single spacecraft. We use simultaneous cusp observations of the four Cluster spacecraft as well as the Polar spacecraft to monitor the region. On 10–11 March 2006 all five spacecraft observed the exterior cusp in the southern hemisphere mapping out an extended region in latitude spanning 4.5 RE (and possibly up to 9 RE) along the magnetopause. The depth, or dimension of the diamagnetic exterior cusp perpendicular to the magnetopause is measured to be 1.3 RE with simultaneous measurements from the Cluster spacecraft. The multipoint observations provide a unique view of the diamagnetic exterior cusp showing a spatially extended region.
Minimally Invasive Left Ventricular Epicardial Lead Placement: Surgical Techniques for Heart Failure Resynchronization Therapy

Background Epicardial lead placement for biventricular pacing is often a rescue procedure after failed coronary sinus cannulation. This study aims to determine perioperative and early postoperative outcome of minimally invasive left ventricular lead placement as a management strategy for heart failure, comparing minithoracotomy and endoscopic approaches. Methods From October 2002 through October 2003, 41 patients underwent minimally invasive left ventricular lead placement, 23 (56%) by minithoracotomy and 18 (44%) endoscopically. Thirty-one (76%) were males, 19 (46%) had previous cardiac surgery, 21 (51%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy, 17 (41%) were in New York Heart Association class III or IV, and 28 (65%) had implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Results There were no in-hospital deaths, intraoperative complications, or failures to implant the left ventricular lead. Median operative time was longer for the endoscopic approach (188 minutes) than for minithoracotomy (151 minutes; p = 0.006). Preoperatively, the endoscopic group had more mitral regurgitation (median, 2.5 versus 1.0, respectively; p = 0.009). QRS duration was shorter postoperatively (mean change from preoperative, −32 ± 24 ms; p p p p p = 0.0009); these trends were similar for both approaches. No changes were evident in left ventricular dimensions. Conclusions Minimally invasive left ventricular epicardial lead placement is safe and effective, offering selection of the best pacing site with minimal morbidity; it can be considered a primary option for resynchronization therapy.
Nutritional effects on chlordane toxicity in rainbow trout.

Rainbow trout were fed the commercial diets Oregon Moist, Glencoe, Silver Cup, or Ewos, and synthetic diets containing 23% or 45% protein. After feeding the diets for 42 days, chlordane was tested against rainbow trout in static toxicity tests. LC50s (96-hr) for chlordane were 8.2, 9.1, 20, 31, 29 and 47 μg/1 for the groups fed Oregon Moist, Glencoe, Silver Cup, Ewos diets and synthetic diets that contained 23 and 45% protein, respectively. The LC50 for the group fed the 45% protein diet was statistically (P=0.05) different from the values for all the other groups. Also, the values differed among groups fed commercial diets.
Pig in pouch: a technique for the management of complete wound dehiscence after laparotomy for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Abstract We describe a safe, practical, and effective technique for the local management of complete wound dehiscence complicating laparotomy in five premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
American Popular Music 1950–2000

This article describes and discusses some of the chief resources in the study of post-World War II mainstream popular music. In addition to indicating major areas of research, it can serve as a guide to collection development in the discipline.
Perikaryal routing of newly synthesized proteins in regenerating neurons: quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography.

Summary Intracellular transport of newly synthesized proteins through organelles in the perikarya of regenerating goldfish retinal ganglion cells was studied using electron microscopic autoradiography. Retinas were removed 14 or 30 days after optictract cut or sham operation, pulse-labeled in [ 3 H]proline-containing medium for 5 min, and then chase-incubated in medium containing unlabeled proline for various times up to 55 min before fixation. Fourteen days after axotomy, during rapid growth of the regenerating axons, the time course of change of relative grain density (% grains/% area) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in regenerating cells was almost identical to that in control cells. However, the grain distribution analysis revealed an increased delivery of newly synthesized proteins to the Golgi apparatus, perikaryal plasma membrane and nucleus in regenerating cells. Thirty days after axotomy, during synaptogenesis, Golgi apparatus labeling in the regenerating cells became significantly higher than control, but the increase was delayed compared to the increase seen 14 days after axotomy. Labeling of the plasma membrane and nucleus did not rise above control in 30-day regenerating cells chase-incubated for up to 55 min. Thus the pattern of intracellular transport of newly synthesized proteins varies with the stage of axonal regeneration.
Clonal lethality caused by the yeast plasmid 2μ DNA

Abstract Strains of Saccharomyces that carry the nib allele of a nuclear gene exhibit a "nibbled" colony morphology if they also harbor the plasmid 2μ DNA. I have found that the expression of the nibbled phenotype is correlated with the presence of a subpopulation of abnormally large cells that give rise to mortal clones. Large cells apparently become large as a consequence of a defect in DNA replication or nuclear division. Large nib cells contain twice as much 2μ DNA per microgram of total DNA as small nib cells do, and elevated 2μ DNA copy number is the cause, not the effect, of increased cell size. It appears that the NIB allele can prevent an increase in 2μ DNA copy number, but cannot produce a decrease once the copy number has exceeded the normal level. I propose, therefore, that the NIB gene product normally represses the amplification of 2μ DNA copy number, and that the nib allele is partially defective in this function.
The market for nurse practitioner services among women 18 to 40 years of age.

Telephone interviews were conducted with a stratified random sample of 331 greater New Haven, Connecticut area residents to examine factors associated with using nurse practitioner (NP) services. About 81% of women aged 18 to 40 (N = 109) said they would seek NP care if services were covered under health insurance. Women who said they would seek care were more likely to be dissatisfied with their present health care, to have less education, and to be from lower income families with two or more members. Women in this age group were more likely to use NP services and to seek NP care if care cost the same or less than MD care than all others in the original study sample. They were also more likely to demonstrate innovative purchase behavior and to have knowledge of nurse practitioners, and less likely to perceive NP care as different from MD care. Analysis of the characteristics, attitudes, and values of women aged 18 to 40 years reveals that they are the most likely target market for NP services.
Fully Distributed Fiber Optic Biosensing Based on a Traveling Long Period Grating

This paper reports a novel fully distributed fiber optic biosensing technique based on a long period grating (LPG) which travels along a single mode fiber, and preliminary experiment results for precursor polymer films are given.
Smooth Muscle Cell Orientation on Non-Uniform Stretch Environments

Cells of the artery can respond to mechanical cues in a variety of ways including proliferation, migration, protein secretion, phenotype modulation, and orientation [4, 6]. Many of these responses are related to the progression of disease such as atherosclerosis, emphasizing a need to understand how mechanical signals are translated into biological behaviors. Much work has been done to isolate the effects of particular mechanical inputs on particular cellular responses with rather simple mechanical environments, e.g. uniaxial or uniform equibiaxial stretching. Such experiments have greatly improved our knowledge of mechanobiology, yet many questions regarding these cell responses remain unaddressed; in particular, the effect of non-uniform stretch environments.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
I got rhythm: Gershwin and birth control in the 1930s.

Abstract Gershwin's song ‘I Got Rhythm’ serves here as a backdrop representing the social context of the inter-war years. On center stage is a particular aspect of the history of birth control – the application of a new theory of ovulation to contraception. Starting in 1928, a series of experiments revealed a biochemical rhythm in the female reproductive cycle, which contradicted the widespread idea that ovulation and pregnancy could occur at any time. This discovery was applied to a new contraceptive method, the rhythm method, which enjoyed significant popularity during the 1930s, especially among Catholics. For a short period, women could join Ethel Merman in the refrain ‘I got rhythm, I got my man, who could ask for anything more?’ But the rhythm method has not lived to its promise, and the play goes on…
La apropiación del cuerpo femenino: Usura y avaricia en Fortunata y Jacinta

(1992). La apropiacion del cuerpo femenino: Usura y avaricia en Fortunata y Jacinta. Romance Quarterly: Vol. 39, Studies in Spanish Literature, 1750–1915, pp. 71-79.
Ordering of Poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s in Liquid Crystals

Poly(phenylene ethynylene)s were designed and synthesized that are completely soluble in nematic liquid crystalline solvents at molecular weights (GPC, relative to PS) of more than 100 000. These materials experience a chain extended rod conformation under these conditions with the polymer chains highly aligned with the liquid crystal director and an enhanced conjugation length determined by optical spectroscopy. Structure−property relationships are investigated that reveal the role of steric congestion about the polymer mainchain in determining the order parameter of the polymers. It was also found that the order polymer parameters increased with increasing molecular weights.
Adaptive near-optimal compensation applied to linear and nonlinear loads

The paper provides a formulation and solution for the problem of optimizing power flows in polyphase power systems with significant source (line) impedance with the presence of linear and nonlinear loads. An optimal solution considering significant line impedance has been already obtained in recent works. Unfortunately, it relies on network and load parameters that are not easy to determine during operation. We developed an adaptive compensation scheme that relies only on measurements of the load voltage and current so as to allow precise control of the compensated load as well as the real power flowing out of the compensator, while reducing line losses to within a few percent of its theoretical minimum. Properties of the solution are illustrated for a three phase induction motor supplied with unbalanced voltages.
cGMP and PKGI are required for vascular BMP signaling

Background Maintenance of vascular homeostasis depends on phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during development, vascular injury repair, and disease. In healthy blood vessels, VSMCs exhibit a differentiated, ‘contractile’ phenotype, but in diseased vascular tissue or after vascular injury, they de-differentiate into a ‘synthetic’ state, characterized by decreased smooth muscle (SM)-specific gene expression and increased proliferation and motility [1].
An Econometric Investigation of the Day-of-the-Week Effect and Returns Volatility in Fifteen Asia Pacific Financial Markets (1998-2003)

Even though the presence of the-day-of-the-week effect has been documented in finance literature, its presence in the aftermath of a financial crisis has not been explored. This paper investigates the presence of day-of-the-week effect and returns volatility in fifteen Asia Pacific Financial Markets in the post Asian financial crisis period. A set of parametric and non-parametric tests is used to test equality of mean returns and standard deviations of the returns across the-days-of-the-week. The results validate the presence of the-day-of-the- week and but indicate insignificant daily returns volatility in most of Asia Pacific Financial Markets. The results of the Levene's test show that in none of the fifteen Asian Pacific countries can the homoskedasticity hypothesis be rejected. Some of these findings differ from previously documented evidence on the APFM.
Addressing religious and cultural differences in views on transplantation, including composite tissue allotransplantation

Abstract:Composite tissue allotransplantation is a rapidly developing field in plastic and reconstructive surgery and therefore imposes an obligation upon plastic and transplant surgeons to familiarize themselves with some unique aspects of this new discipline. The visible nature of extremities, and
Oxidative stress and cataract formation: horizons on its medical prevention

Cataract is one of the most widely prevalent vision-impairing manifestations worldwide. Currently, the only available treatment for the disease is the surgical extraction of the cataractous lens with replacement by a synthetic implant. Although such a surgical replacement of the natural lens with an artificial lens is significantly effective in restoring vision to most patients, it is not free of complications. The difficulties encountered are further exacerbated in diabetic and relatively older patients. Operationally, the prevalence of the disease is so high that surgery alone is not able to effectively reduce the global cataract burden; the old cases are continually replaced by new ones. It is therefore highly desirable to explore avenues for preventing and treating this disease via nonsurgical medical measures. Several studies suggest that medical prevention of cataracts using oxyradical scavengers acting as antioxidants is a strong possibility. This review focuses on the potential use of various nutr...
Barriers to Health Care Access in 13 Asian American Communities

Sunmin Lee, Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics; Genevieve Martinez,Research Assistant, Department of Public & Community Health; E. Stephanie Robinson, ResearchAssistant, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health,College Park, MD. Grace X. Ma, Professor & Director, Department of Public Health & Center for AsianHealth, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Chiehwen E. Hsu, Associate Professor, University ofTexas School of Health Information Sciences, Houston, TX. Julie Bawa, Program Manager, AsianAmerican Health Initiative, Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville,MD. Hee-Soon Juon, Associate Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns HopkinsBloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.Address correspondence to Dr Lee, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of MarylandSchool of Public Health, 1242M SPH Bldg, College Park, MD 20742. E-mail: sunmin@umd.edu
The Further Extension of the Ultra-violet Spectrum and the Progression with Atomic Number of the Spectra of Light Elements.

The chief purpose of this investigation, outlined and begun in 1916(1) and briefly reported upon last year,(2) has been to explore in the extreme ultra-violet the radiations which can be emitted by the second ring or shell of electrons in the atoms of atomic number from 2 to 13 (helium to aluminium).(3)
Tomographic Estimation of Elastic Constants In Heterogeneous Transversely Isotropic Media

The elastic constants that control Pand SV-wave propagation in a transversely isotropic media can be estimated by using Pand SV-wave traveltimes from either cross-well or VSP geometries. The procedure consists of two steps. First, elliptical velocity models are used to fit the traveltimes near one axis. The result is four elliptical parameters that represent direct and normal moveout velocities near the chosen axis for Pand SV-waves. Second, the elliptical parameters are used to solve a system of four equations and four unknown elastic constants. The system of equations is solved analytically yielding simple expressions for the elastic constants as a function of direct and normal moveout velocities. For S&waves the estimation of the corresponding elastic constants is easier because the phase velocity is already elliptical. The procedure, introduced for homogeneous media, is generalized to heterogeneous media by using tomographic techniques. The technique is illustrated with synthetic and field data examples from cross-well geometries.
Determination of the disulfide bond pairings in human tissue factor pathway inhibitor purified from Escherichia coli.

The disulfide bond assignments of human alanyl tissue factor pathway inhibitor purified fromEscherichia coli have been determined. This inhibitor of the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway possesses three Kunitz-type inhibitor domains, each containing three disulfide bonds. The disulfide bond pairings in domains 1 and 3 were determined by amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry of peptides derived from a thermolysin digest. However, thermolysin digestion did not cleave any peptide bonds within domain 2. The disulfide bond pairings in domain 2 were determined by isolating it from the thermolysin treatment and subsequently cleaving it with pepsin and trypsin into peptides which yielded the three disulfide bond pairings in this domain. These results demonstrate that the disulfide pairings in each of the three domains of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor purified fromEscherichia coli are homologous to each other and also to those in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.
Neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine in patients with high risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: Docetaxel is the most active cytotoxic agent in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Preclinically docetaxel increases expression of thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme responsible for activation of capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil resulting in increased antitumor activity. We assessed activity and safety of neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine in patients with high risk prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Patients with either clinical stage greater than T2, prostate specific antigen 15 ng/ml or more, or Gleason sum 8 or greater received 3 to 6 cycles of docetaxel (36 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15) and capecitabine (1,250 mg/m2 per day orally divided twice a day on days 5 to 18) every 28 days, followed by local therapy. The primary end point was rate of 50% or greater prostate specific antigen decrease. Correlative studies included qualitative changes in histology, tissue thymidine phosphorylase and survivin expression, and CK18Asp396 (serum apoptosis marker).Results: A total of 15 pat...
Hemiplegic Migraine With CSF Abnormalities

A 30-year-old woman with hemiplegic migraine and an elevated CSF protein level with considerable pleocytosis is described. Fourteen other cases of hemiplegic migraine with cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities reported in the literature are reviewed.
Predicting Seven-Day Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement from Standard Test Properties

Measuring heat of hydration in hydraulic cements using ASTM C186, “Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement,” has presented certain problems in practice. This paper investigates the usefulness of other standard test properties of hydraulic cements, which are known to relate to heat of hydration, for predicting seven-day heat of hydration. Such calculated values of heat of hydration may have value as the basis for specification requirements.
Evidence that aspartate-85 has a higher pK(a) in all-trans than in 13-cisbacteriorhodopsin.

Three experimental observations indicate that the pK(a) of the purple-to-blue transition (the pK(a) of Asp-85) is higher for all-trans-bR(1) than for 13-cis-bR. First, light adaptation of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) at pHs near the pK(a) of Asp-85 causes an increase in the fraction of the blue membrane present. This transformation is reversible in the dark. Second, the pK(a) of the purple-to-blue transition in the dark is lower than that in the light-adapted bR (pK(a)(DA) = 3.5, pK(a)(LA) = 3.8 in 10 microM K(2)SO(4)). Third, the equilibrium fractions of 13-cis and all-trans isomers are pH dependent; the fraction of all-trans-bR increases upon formation of the blue membrane. Based on the conclusion that thermal all-trans 13-cis isomerization occurs in the blue membrane rather than in the purple, we have developed a simple model that accounts for all three observations. From the fit of experimental data we estimate that the pK(a) of Asp-85 in 13-cis-bR is 0.5 +/- 0.1 pK(a) unit less than the pK(a) of all-trans-bR. Thus in 10 microM K(2)SO(4), pK(a)(c) = 3.3, whereas pK(a)(t) = 3.8.
The effects of prolonged centrifugation on Amoeba proteus.

Amoebae of the proteus strain were continuously maintained at 40 g in a centrifuge microscope for periods up to 36 days. This produced a partial stratification of the organism but it did not result in a detectable alteration in the amoebae's form or function.
Stereochemical dependence of isotope effects in the ene reaction of N-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione with isomers of butene-d3

Abstract The magnitude of the primary isotope effect of the title reaction depends on the relative stereochemistry of the competing groups, being large when the groups are cis and small when they are on opposite sides of the double bond. An intermediate such as a diaziridinium imide is required to rationalize the results.
A Human Motion Capture System Based on Inertial Sensing and a Complementary Filter

A human motion capture system is becoming one of the most useful tools in rehabilitation application because it can record and reconstruct a patient’s motion accurately for motion analysis. In this paper, a human motion capture system is proposed based on inertial sensing. A microprocessor is implemented on-board to obtain raw sensing data from the inertial measurement unit (IMU), and transmit the raw data to the central processing unit. To reject noise in the accelerometer, drift in the gyroscope, and magnetic distortion in the magnetometer, a time-varying complementary filter (TVCF) is implemented in the central processing unit to provide accurate attitude estimation. A forward kinematic model of the human arm is developed to create an animation for patients and physical therapists. Performance of the hardware and filtering algorithm is verified by experimental results.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Renal Pathology of Catheterized Baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Renal disease was found at necropsy in 27 of 60 catheterized baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Primary diagnoses were infarcts in eight baboons, septic embolic nephritis in four, and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in 15. Infarcts and septic embolic nephritis are multifocal renal diseases; mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is diffuse, progressive and often accompanied by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia (less than 3 g/dl), and generalized edema. Five of the 15 baboons with glomerulonephritis also developed uremia and died of renal failure. Ten baboons with glomerulonephritis were given microbiological examination during their clinical course. Bacteria were isolated from the peripheral blood of eight baboons and from the catheter itself in two. The organisms isolated (in decreasing order of frequency) were Herellea sp., Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Providencia sp. Prospective immunofluorescence studies were done on frozen sections from six catheterized baboons with glomerulonephritis and two uncatheterized controls. There were granular deposits of IgG in all six, IgM in five, C3 in four, and IgA and C4 in two. In the controls, only trace amounts of IgM were seen in one animal. The amount of IgG deposited in th glomeruli correlated with the severity of the glomerulonephritis. Bacterial antigens were found by immunofluorescence in glomeruli of three of five baboons examined. Glomerulonephritis in these baboons seems to be immunologically mediated, and in origin, pathogenesis and morphologic expression resembles shunt nephritis in humans with infected indwelling shunts and catheters.
Roles of motility, chemotaxis, and penetration through and growth in intestinal mucus in the ability of an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium to colonize the large intestine of streptomycin-treated mice

Previously, it had been shown that an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium, SL5316, with wild-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was a far better colonizer of the streptomycin-treated CD-1 mouse large intestine, was far more motile, did not bind to mouse intestinal mucus nearly as well as, but penetrated through a layer of intestinal mucus in vitro far better than an almost isogenic LPS-deficient transductant, SL5325. In the present investigation, a nonflagellated transductant, SL5681, and a nonchemotactic transductant, SL5784, were isolated from SL5316 and tested for relative colonizing ability versus SL5316 (smooth) and SL5325 (rough) in streptomycin-treated mice. In addition, the Salmonella strains were tested for their ability to grow together in cecal intestinal mucus and in cecal luminal contents, for their tumbling and swimming activities after growth in cecal mucus, and for their ability to adhere to and travel through cecal mucus in vitro. The data show that the nonflagellated and nonchemotactic derivatives colonized large intestine nearly as well as their parent and were far better colonizers than the LPS-deficient mutant, that all the strains grew equally well in cecal mucus but did not grow in cecal luminal contents, and that cecal mucus-grown strains lost tumbling and swimming activities. Furthermore, the LPS-deficient strain adhered to cecal mucus far better but penetrated mucus far worse than did the nonflagellated transductant, the nonchemotactic transductant, and the parent. Thus, motility and chemotaxis do not appear to play a major role in the ability of the avirulent S. typhimurium strains to colonize the mouse large intestine, colonization may require growth in cecal mucus but does not depend on growth in cecal luminal contents, growth in cecal mucus inhibits S. typhimurium motility, and increased adhesion of the LPS-deficient mutant to cecal mucus and its poor ability to penetrate cecal mucus may play a role in its poor intestine-colonizing ability.
Computer models of bacterial cells: from generalized coarsegrained to genome-specific modular models

We discuss a modular modelling framework to rapidly develop mathematical models of bacterial cells that would explicitly link genomic details to cell physiology and population response. An initial step in this approach is the development of a coarse-grained model, describing pseudo-chemical interactions between lumped species. A hybrid model of interest can then be constructed by embedding genome-specific detail for a particular cellular subsystem (e.g. central metabolism), called here a module, into the coarse-grained model. Specifically, a new strategy for sensitivity analysis of the cell division limit cycle is introduced to identify which pseudo-molecular processes should be delumped to implement a particular biological function in a growing cell (e.g. ethanol overproduction or pathogen viability). To illustrate the modeling principles and highlight computational challenges, the Cornell coarsegrained model of Escherichia coli B/r-A is used to benchmark the proposed framework.
The Effects of Flexible Work Arrangements on Stressors, Burnout, and Behavioral Job Outcomes in Public Accounting

The majority of public accounting firms now offer flexible work arrangements to their professional employees. Presumably these arrangements help accommodate employee needs to manage work and family demands, while also improving job satisfaction and retention. The ability of flexible work arrangements to achieve these goals has received little attention. The current paper addresses this issue by reporting the results of a survey of CPAs working under a flexible work arrangement and a similar group of CPAs working under a standard arrangement but who appear to be plausible candidates for a flexible work arrangement. The survey elicited information about several key employment variables: job‐related stressors (e.g., role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload), burnout tendencies (e.g., emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and depersonalization) and behavioral job outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction and turnover intentions). Results show that CPAs on flexible work arrangements report high...
Orthopaedically Handicapped Students in Public and Private High Schools.

Abstract Of the 26,142 American twelfth grade students for whom survey data from the national High School and Beyondstudy were complete, 353 (1.4%) identified themselves as having orthopaedic handicaps. Data on these orthopaedically handicapped (OH) twelfth graders (sixth form) were compared to those on their non‐orthopaedically‐handicapped (NOH) peers. The OH students had a higher incidence of other impairments, and black youngsters were under‐represented in the OH cohort. Academically, the OH and NOH groups fared equally well; the OH pupils, however, evidenced certain difficulties in self‐esteem, control locus, and school/work orientation. Speculations regarding the results are offered.
Wilson Redux: Another Look at Varieties of Police Behavior

Since the publication of Varieties of Police Behavior more than four decades ago, Wilson's theory concerning the link between local political culture and police styles has had a significant and enduring impact on police scholarship. However, there have been surprisingly few empirical tests of Wilson's assertions, and of those limited number of studies, only a small number provide even partial support for the model. The current study provides a test of Wilson's theory using a unique measure of police style derived from observational data rather than official arrest/citation statistics. Perhaps more important, we discuss our findings within the context of previous research that has failed to support Wilson's theory and present a critical assessment of the requirements of a valid test of this theory. We argue that Wilson's model retains an intuitive appeal to those interested in explaining the relationship between local community context and police behavior.
Relationships Among Music Sight-Reading and Technical Proficiency, Spatial Visualization, and Aural Discrimination

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of music sight-reading ability. The authors hypothesized that speed and accuracy of music sight-reading would be predicted by a combination of aural pattern discrimination, spatial-temporal reasoning, and technical proficiency. Participants (N = 70) were wind players in concert bands at a medium-sized university in the Midwest. In a regression analysis with music sight-reading as the criterion variable, aural-spatial patterning and technical proficiency explained 51% of the variance, F = 37.34, p < .0001. These results support previous research that suggested that auditory, visual, spatial, and kinesthetic activations occur in coordination when wind players sight-read music notation. The results of the regression analysis suggested that although aural-spatial skills and technical proficiency skills were orthogonal, or separate, they both were essential to the complex task of sight-reading.
Bias and error in using survey records for ponderosa pine landscape restoration

AimPublic land survey records are commonly used to reconstruct historical forest structure over large landscapes. Reconstruction studies have been criticized for using absolute measures of forest attributes, such as density and basal area, because of potential selection bias by surveyors and unknown measurement error. Current methods to identify bias are based upon statistical techniques whose assumptions may be violated for survey data. Our goals were to identify and directly estimate common sources of bias and error, and to test the accuracy of statistical methods to identify them. LocationForests in the western USA: Mogollon Plateau, Arizona; Blue Mountains, Oregon; Front Range, Colorado. MethodsWe quantified both selection bias and measurement error for survey data in three ponderosa pine landscapes by directly comparing measurements of bearing trees in survey notes with remeasurements of bearing trees at survey corners (384 corners and 812 trees evaluated). ResultsSelection bias was low in all areas and there was little variability among surveyors. Surveyors selected the closest tree to the corner 95% to 98% of the time, and hence bias may have limited impacts on reconstruction studies. Bourdo’s methods were able to successfully detect presence or absence of bias most of the time, but do not measure the rate of bias. Recording and omission errors were common but highly variable among surveyors. Measurements for bearing trees made by surveyors were generally accurate. Most bearings were less than 5!in error and most distances were within 5% of our remeasurements. Many, but not all, surveyors in the western USA probably estimated diameter of bearing trees at stump height (0.3 m). These estimates deviated from reconstructed diameters by a mean absolute error of 7.0 to 10.6 cm. Main conclusionsDirect comparison of survey data at relocated corners is the only method that can determine if bias and error are meaningful. Data from relocated trees show that biased selection of trees is not likely to be an important source of error. Many surveyor errors would have no impact on reconstruction studies, but omission errors have the potential to have a large impact on results. We suggest how to reduce potential errors through data screening.
A randomized trial of diagnostic ultrasound to improve outcomes in focal neuropathies.

Introduction: Neuromuscular ultrasound is valid, reliable, and accurate, but it is not known whether combining it with electrodiagnostic studies leads to better outcomes in individuals with focal neuropathies. Methods: One hundred twenty individuals with focal neuropathy, based on history, examination, and electrodiagnosis, were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent neuromuscular ultrasound and were randomized to either have their ultrasound results sent to the referring physician or not have them sent. Outcomes were assessed at 6 months by evaluators blinded to group assignment. Results: The Overall Disability Sum Score and 7 of 8 domains of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) showed more improvement in the “report sent” group, although only the general health perception domain was significant (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Most 6-month outcomes did not reach statistical significance between the 2 groups. However, the “report sent” group had trends toward better outcomes, with significance being reached in the general health perception domain of the SF-36. Muscle Nerve 52: 746–753, 2015
Regionalization in the Veterans Administration Health Care System: Rhetoric and Realities

Criticisms of the Veterans Administration health care system have centered in part on the ability of the system to reallocate resources in response to the changing needs of veterans. VA hospitals use traditional budgeting and planning processes; new programs and projected increases in workload are added to the previous year's budget to yield the budget for the succeeding year. Since these activities occur on an individual institution bases, there is little effort to plan cooperatively between hospitals or to reassess the fundamental allocation of resources based on veteran needs. Over the past two years, the VA has devised a program of regionalized budgeting and planming. The publicity surrounding VA regionalization reflects the idealized potential of shared resources and joint planning within each of the newly created VA medical districts. The reality of the program, however, when examined on a national basis and illustrated by an in-depth study of five hospitals in one district, indicates that there has been little use of resource allocation methodology and that few planning resources have been allocated to this effort. As a result, the district program is a collation of individual hospital budgets, and plans to yield the district budget and plans. Regionalization is unlikely to succeed in any meaningful manner within the VA unless further changes occur in district resource allocation methods.
Demethylation enhances removal of pyrimidine dimers from the overall genome and from specific DNA sequences in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract We have examined the effects of changes in cytosine methylation on DNA repair in UV-irradiated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A hypomethylated derivative of the CHO K1B11 line, B11aza, was established by passaging B11 cells over several months in increasing concentrations of 5-azacytidine; greater than 60% demethylation was consistently demonstrated in these conditioned cells. Following a UV dose of 10 J/m2, the amount of repair replication performed within 24 h was approximately twofold higher in B11aza cells than in control B11 cells. Removal of T4 endonuclease V-sensitive sites (ESS) from specific restriction fragments within and around the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene was then examined in B11aza cells and compared with that in B11 cells. Although demethylation had little or no effect on repair in the 5' half of the DHFR gene, within a nontranscribed sequence immediately downstream from the gene, or within an extragenic region further downstream from the DHFR gene, significant increases in repair were observed at the 3' end of the DHFR gene and within an extragenic region upstream of the DHFR gene. However, the increases in DNA repair were not accompanied by any changes in overall cellular resistance to UV when colony-forming ability was assayed. We suggest that the level of DNA methylation may play an indirect role in the regulation of DNA repair, perhaps through an effect on chromatin structure or transcriptional activity.
GENETICS OF SEX RATIO VARIATION AMONG NATURAL POPULATIONS OF A DIOECIOUS PLANT

The female-biased sex ratio in the genus Silene is the most widely documented example of sex ratio bias in plants. It has recently been shown that the genetic basis of sex ratio in this species involves a system of sex ratio distorters and restorers, but it is not known if these genetic elements are of fundamental importance in natural populations. I crossed plants from natural populations with known testers to examine the frequencies of sex ratio distorters and restorers in eight populations of S. alba, and to determine the extent that these elements are responsible for the sex ratio variation in nature. The genetic basis of sex ratio varied from one population to another, suggesting that sex ratio evolution occurs over a relatively small spatial scale and is asynchronous among local demes. The resulting variation in the frequency of sex ratio alleles among populations explained most of the sex ratio variation seen in nature, which suggests that the ecology and evolution of this trait in natural populations is governed primarily by underlying dynamics of selfish genetic elements. The possible causes and the evolutionary consequences of pop- ulation structure at genes controlling sex ratio are discussed, as are the implications of these results for the overall importance of selfish genetic elements in natural populations.
Liquid Biofuels: Fluid Properties to Optimize Feedstock Selection, Processing, Refining/Blending, Storage/Transportation, and Combustion

As the availability of petroleum-based liquid fuels is becoming increasingly problematic, alternative renewable biofuels attract growing research and development (R&D) and industry interest. The focus is to produce fuels with desired properties in both technically and economically attractive ways to support sustainability and protect the environment. While abundant, the variety of biomass feedstocks brings a great deal of incompatibility of various biofuels and the combustion engines. A consistent theme is that better knowledge of fuel properties would lead to better designs and shorter development times of everything from fuel production facilities to emission control systems. Thermophysical properties of biofuels are required to efficiently design the processes involved in their production, distribution, and utilization. These properties are also needed to develop and validate physicochemical models, the tools employed in process design, product development, or academic research. To date, the connection...
Alcohol and drug abuse by migrant farmworkers: past research and future priorities.

If relatively little is known about drug and alcohol use in the rural United States (Edwards 1992), even less is known about such use among migrant and seasonal farmworkers. An extensive literature exists on patterns of alcohol and drug consumption, and a somewhat smaller, but still sub-stantial, scholarly literature describes the lives of farmworkers, both migrant and nonmigrant. However, these two literatures have remained separate for historical and institutional reasons.
Stability and Convergence of Iterative Solvers

In this chapter, the stability and convergence characteristics of classical iterative solvers are explored through formal stability analysis. The reader is first introduced to the eigenvalues and the condition number of a matrix. Fourier decomposition and the von Neumann stability analysis procedure are presented to compute eigenvalues of the iteration matrix and the spectral radius of convergence. The concept and methods for preconditioning of a matrix to enhance convergence rate are outlined and demonstrated through some examples. Finally, the multigrid method is introduced as a means to selectively damp out large-wavelength error components. Detailed discussion of the geometric multigrid method is followed by an overview of the algebraic multigrid method. Multigrid scheduling algorithms are also presented and demonstrated.
Flt3 Ligand Is Essential for Survival and Protective Immune Responses during Toxoplasmosis

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii, and infection with this pathogen leads to increased numbers of DCs at local sites of parasite replication and in secondary lymphoid organs, but the factors that regulate this expansion are poorly understood. The cytokine Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is critical for the generation and maintenance of DCs, and Flt3L(-/-) mice were found to be highly susceptible to acute toxoplasmosis. This phenotype correlated with decreased production of IL-12 and IFN-γ, as well as impaired NK cell responses. Surprisingly, despite low basal numbers of DCs, Flt3L(-/-) mice infected with T. gondii displayed an expansion of CD8α(+) and CD11b(lo)CD8α(-) DCs. Infection also induced an expansion of parasite-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in Flt3L(-/-) mice; however, these cells were reduced in number and displayed impaired ability to produce IFN-γ relative to wild-type controls. Exogenous IL-12 treatment partially restored NK and T cell responses in Flt3L(-/-) mice, as well as acute resistance; however, these mice eventually succumbed to toxoplasmic encephalitis, despite the presence of large numbers of DCs and T cells in the brain. These results highlight the importance of Flt3L for resistance to toxoplasmosis and demonstrate the existence of Flt3L-independent pathways that can mediate infection-induced expansion of DCs and T cell priming.
African American Religions, 1500-2000: Colonialism, Democracy, and Freedom

This book provides a narrative historical, postcolonial account of African American religions. It examines the intersection of Black religion and colonialism over several centuries to explain the relationship between empire and democratic freedom. Rather than treating freedom and its others (colonialism, slavery and racism) as opposites, Sylvester A. Johnson interprets multiple periods of Black religious history to discern how Atlantic empires (particularly that of the United States) simultaneously enabled the emergence of particular forms of religious experience and freedom movements as well as disturbing patterns of violent domination. Johnson explains theories of matter and spirit that shaped early indigenous religious movements in Africa, Black political religion responding to the American racial state, the creation of Liberia, and FBI repression of Black religious movements in the twentieth century. By combining historical methods with theoretical analysis, Johnson explains the seeming contradictions that have shaped Black religions in the modern era.
Application of Shear Waves for Composite Laminate Characterization

The layup sequence in a composite laminate greatly effects its properties. If one ply is misaligned in the layup sequence, it can result in the part being rejected and discarded. At the present time, most manufacturers cut a small coupon from the waste edge and use a microscope to optically verify the ply orientations on critical parts. This can add a substantial cost to the product since the test is both labor intensive and performed after the part is cured. A nondestructive technique which could be used to test the part after curing and require less time than the optical test would be very beneficial, and one that could be performed prior to curing would be extremely desirable. Preliminary tests demonstrate a high probability that the model and tests developed in this paper can be used for characterizing uncured layups as well.