cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview of SiGe technology modeling and application

Advances in wireless communications and information processing systems require implementation of very high performance electronic systems. In recent years, SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have emerged as one of the leading contenders to satisfy these demands. The low emitter-base turn-on voltage and device scaling significantly reduce power consumption in circuit operation, while maintaining high speed. With the increasing demand placed on voice and data communications, transmitting, receiving and processing information at high frequencies and high speeds, the use of SiGe bipolar transistors becomes increasingly important.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Protein Is an Integral Component of an mRNP Complex of Viral RNA and Could Be Involved in the Viral RNA Folding and Packaging Process

Virion infectivity factor (Vif) is a protein encoded by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2) and simian immunodeficiency virus, plus other lentiviruses, and is essential for viral replication either in vivo or in culture for nonpermissive cells such as peripheral blood lymphoid cells, macrophages, and H9 T cells. Defects in the vif gene affect virion morphology and reverse transcription but not the expression of viral components. It has been shown that Vif colocalizes with Gag in cells and Vif binds to the NCp7 domain of Gag in vitro. However, it seems that Vif is not specifically packaged into virions. The molecular mechanism(s) for Vif remains unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that HIV-1 Vif is an RNA-binding protein and specifically binds to HIV-1 genomic RNA in vitro. Further, Vif binds to HIV-1 RNA in the cytoplasm of virus-producing cells to form a 40S mRNP complex. Coimmunoprecipitation and in vivo UV cross-linking assays indicated that Vif directly interact with HIV-1 RNA in the virus-producing cells. Vif-RNA binding could be displaced by Gag-RNA binding, suggesting that Vif protein in the mRNP complex may mediate viral RNA interaction with HIV-1 Gag precursors. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that these Vif mutants that lose the RNA binding activity in vitro do not support vif-deficient HIV-1 replication in H9 T cells, suggesting that the RNA binding capacity of Vif is important for its function. Further studies regarding Vif-RNA interaction in virus-producing cells will be important for studying the function of Vif in the HIV-1 life cycle.
Design challenges for energy-constrained ad hoc wireless networks

Ad hoc wireless networks enable new and exciting applications, but also pose significant technical challenges. In this article we give a brief overview of ad hoc wireless networks and their applications with a particular emphasis on energy constraints. We then discuss advances in the link, multiple access, network, and application protocols for these networks. We show that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.
Learning full-body motions from monocular vision: dynamic imitation in a humanoid robot

In an effort to ease the burden of programming motor commands for humanoid robots, a computer vision technique is developed for converting a monocular video sequence of human poses into stabilized robot motor commands for a humanoid robot. The human teacher wears a multi-colored body suit while performing a desired set of actions. Leveraging the colors of the body suit, the system detects the most probable locations of the different body parts and joints in the image. Then, by exploiting the known dimensions of the body suit, a user specified number of candidate 3D poses are generated for each frame. Using human to robot joint correspondences, the estimated 3D poses for each frame are then mapped to corresponding robot motor commands. An initial set of kinematically valid motor commands is generated using an approximate best path search through the pose candidates for each frame. Finally a learning-based probabilistic dynamic balance model obtains a dynamically stable imitative sequence of motor commands. We demonstrate the viability of the approach by presenting results showing full-body imitation of human actions by a Fujitsu HOAP-2 humanoid robot.
“He's Doing Fine”: Hope Work and Emotional Threat Management Among Families of Seriously Ill Children

In this study, I examine how people in emotionally fraught circumstances strategically structure social interactions in order to protect fragile emotional states. Data come from interviews and observations with 18 families of children being treated for life-threatening conditions at an elite university research hospital. I show how families worked to ward off emotional threats to their ability to maintain hope that their children would recover by preempting and restructuring social interactions with friends and family members and pruning social networks. These efforts allowed families to minimize reciprocal obligations and avoid encountering pessimistic reflected appraisals that might trigger “emotional shortcuts” leading to states of fear and anxiety. Similar efforts to reconstruct social interactions and social networks may be common among those working to maintain fragile emotional states in a variety of challenging circumstances.
Dispositional and situational factors: influences on information security policy violations

Insiders represent a major threat to the security of an organization’s information resources. Previous research has explored the role of dispositional and situational factors in promoting compliant...
Proteomics Analysis Reveals Novel RASSF2 Interaction Partners

RASSF2 is a tumor suppressor that shares homology with other Ras-association domain (RASSF) family members. It is a powerful pro-apoptotic K-Ras effector that is frequently inactivated in many human tumors. The exact mechanism by which RASSF2 functions is not clearly defined, but it likely acts as a scaffolding protein, modulating the activity of other pro-apoptotic effectors, thereby regulating and integrating tumor suppressor pathways. However, only a limited number of RASSF2 interacting partners have been identified to date. We used a proteomics based approach to identify additional RASSF2 interactions, and thereby gain a better insight into the mechanism of action of RASSF2. We identified several proteins, including C1QBP, Vimentin, Protein phosphatase 1G and Ribonuclease inhibitor that function in diverse biological processes, including protein post-translational modifications, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration and redox homeostasis, which have not previously been reported to interact with RASSF2. We independently validated two of these novel interactions, C1QBP and Vimentin and found that the interaction with C1QBP was enhanced by K-Ras whereas, interestingly, the Vimentin interaction was reduced by K-Ras. Additionally, RASSF2/K-Ras regulated the acetylation of Vimentin. Our data thus reveal novel mechanisms by which RASSF2 may exert its functions, several of which may be Ras-regulated.
Clinical Model Highlighting the Importance of Innovative ESL Strategies in Early Field Placement Classes Teaching ELL Middle Level Students

With the growth of diversity in twenty first century classrooms, teachers increasingly need to demonstrate and understanding of cultural dimensions, particularly language diversity, from a variety of perspectives to be effective in classrooms. Pre-service educators in particular need to understand the importance of language when providing high quality educational experiences for our nation’s children and must be able to articulate the relationship between critical pedagogy and educational curriculum, pedagogy and assessment. By modelling various strategies in the college classroom, teacher candidates gain a better understanding of the socio-cultural and academic instructional needs of English Language Learners in content area classrooms.
Within-plant Larva Distribution of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bell Peppers

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) larva distribution was dependent upon pepper plant development. During the initial 2–3 weeks of seedling growth, significantly greater mean numbers of larvae per leaf were noted on cotyledons. Afterwards, mature leaves had consistently greater mean numbers of larvae per leaf than newly emerged leaves. Plant stratification studies conducted after plants reached 75 mm in height indicated that mature leaves in the middle linear ⅓ of the plant supported significantly more L. trifolii larvae per leaf than leaves in other parts of the plant.
A “Converse” to Fermat's Last Theorem?

(1962). A “Converse” to Fermat's Last Theorem? Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 215-217.
Male-Female Differences in Conceptions of Romantic Love Relationships

This study attempted to determine what 60 male and 60 female undergraduates considered the ideal romantic love relationship. Analysis indicated that females were more concerned than males that thei...
Tribological Influences of TiAlN Coating on Tool Wear for High-Speed Dry and Wet Machining of Steels

The tribological influences of PVD-applied TiAlN coatings on the wear of cemented carbide inserts and the microstructure wear behaviors of the coated tools under dry and wet machining are investigated. The turning test was conducted with variable high cutting speeds ranging from 210 m/min to 410m/min. The analyses based on the experimental results lead to strong evidences that conventional coolant has a retarded effect on TiAlN coatings under high-speed machining. Microwear mechanisms identified in the tests through SEM micrographs include edge chipping, micro-abrasion, micro-fatigue, micro-thermal, and micro-attrition. These micro-structural variations of coatings provide structure-physical alterations as the measures for wear alert of TiAlN coated tool inserts under high speed machining of steels.© 2004 ASME
Pentose cycle activity in various bovine tissues.

SUMMARY Pentose cycle activity was surveyed in various tissues of cows, using as criteria the metabolism of specifically labelled glucose, the dehydrogenation of glucose-6-phosphate, the utilization of ribose-5-phosphate, and the resynthesis of hexose-phosphate. The results showed that pentose cycle activity occurs to some extent in all the tissues tested, except perhaps skeletal muscle. Dehydrogenation of glucose-6-phosphate and direct oxidation were far greater in adrenal gland than in the other tissues investigated.
Evaluation of a cellulose-based industrial wastewater byproduct as broiler bedding

SUMMARY The increased cost and decreased availability of pine shavings—the traditional poultry bedding material—has facilitated the need to identify alternative bedding materials for poultry growers. The objective of this study was to evaluate mixtures of pine shavings and an industrial wastewater cellulose byproduct based on broiler performance, paw quality, litter bulk density, moisture, and pH over a 6-week flock grow-out period. The experimental design consisted of 25 pens (40 ft2 or 3.7 m2 each) containing 55 Cobb broilers (0.75 ft2 or 0.07 m2/bird) for a total of 1,375 birds. Five treatments of 3-inch (8 cm) depth bedding consisting of 0 (control with 100% pine shavings), 25, 50, 75 and 100% cellulose byproduct with 5 replications were tested. Results showed that the cellulose byproduct material performed comparatively to pine shavings in terms of the broiler performance parameters of body weight gain, feed efficiency, and mortality. Paw quality was improved during the early stages of growth on the cellulose byproduct material, but the improvement was not significant by the end of the grow-out period. An evaluation of litter moisture versus paw quality scores produced a correlation coefficient of 0.73, indicating a strong cause-and-effect relationship between increasing litter moisture and decreasing paw quality. Litter characteristics of bulk density, compaction, pH, and ammonia generation were not significantly different between the cellulose byproduct material and pine shavings by the end of the 6-week study. An economic analysis of the use of the cellulose byproduct material is still needed due to the reduction in initial moisture content that was required for the cellulose byproduct material prior to use as broiler bedding.
Audit Quality Control: Big Four Global Member Firms and Audit Services

"Big Four" stands for PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte, KPMG, and Ernst & Young, the largest four public accounting firms. They dominate the professional accounting services market and provide high-quality audit services. Each Big Four global member firm is independent and legally separated from each other. Local accounting firms simply borrow the name and reputation of the Big Four and become affiliate firms. This organizational structure leads to the variability of the audit quality in different regions, depending on the social, institutional, and cultural influences. Using Hofstede's six dimensions of national cultures and S. J. Gray's model of accounting system values, this paper examines the audit quality of the Big Four global member firms in China, Japan, and Eastern Europe. This paper also analyzes the benefits and disadvantages of Big Four localization and predicts how the Big Four will adjust to cultural influences while they strive to improve audit quality.
Radiologic response to radiation therapy concurrent with temozolomide for progressive simple dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) are low-grade neuroglial tumors that are traditionally considered to be benign hamartoma-like mass lesions. Malignant transformation and disease progression have been reported in complex DNETs. We report a case of a simple DNET with disease progression following subtotal resection. A 34-year-old woman underwent craniotomy with subtotal resection of a large nonenhancing right temporal lobe and insular mass. Histopathological analysis revealed a simple DNET. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained 6 months after surgery demonstrated disease progression with no enhancement or change in signal characteristics. Following concurrent therapy with temozolomide and external beam radiation therapy, a significant radiologic response was observed. Progressive DNET with malignant transformation exhibits predominantly glial transformation and occurs predominantly in complex DNETs. The histological classification of DNETs into simple, complex, and nonspecific are reviewed. Contrast-enhancing regions are more frequently seen in complex tumors, with nonenhancing regions having fewer complex histologic features. Close clinical and radiographic follow-up is important in all cases of DNET. Following tumor progression, radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy may be an effective treatment.
Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of a Dynamic Molecular Phase Boundary with Ultrahigh Vacuum Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Nanoscale chemical imaging of a dynamic molecular phase boundary has broad implications for a range of problems in catalysis, surface science, and molecular electronics. While scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is commonly used to study molecular phase boundaries, its information content can be severely compromised by surface diffusion, irregular packing, or three-dimensional adsorbate geometry. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneous chemical and structural analysis of N-N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-(4′-t-butylphenoxy)perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PPDI) molecules by UHV tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Both condensed and diffusing domains of PPDI coexist on Ag(100) at room temperature. Through comparison with time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we unravel the orientation of PPDI molecules at the dynamic molecular domain boundary with unprecedented ∼4 nm spatial resolution.
Calcium-permeable ion channels in the kidney.

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are crucial for a variety of cellular functions. The extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are thus tightly regulated to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. The kidney, one...
Wound Infection in Head and Neck Surgery: Implications for Perioperative Antibiotic Treatment:

Perioperative antibiotic treatment significantly reduces the risk of postoperative wound infection and is cost-effective in clean-contaminated head and neck operations. A clear consensus on the most suitable single agent or combination is, however, lacking. Most surgical wound infections involve both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes; some organisms may exhibit antibiotic resistance through beta-lactamase production. Comparative trials have indicated that combinations with both aerobic and anaerobic activity provide protection superior to that achieved with single agents active against only aerobic pathogens. Recent results suggest that the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor combination ampicillin/sulbactam is cost-effective for perioperative treatment of patients undergoing head and neck surgery.
Juvenile Dermatomyositis with Generalized Edema

A 7-year-old girl presenting with an 8-week history of fatigue, myalgia, dyspnea, and generalized, nonpitting edema of the extremities, face, chest, and abdomen, is reported from the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.
Antitrust, Patents and Developing Nations

In the developed world, antitrust policy has traditionally been a foil to intellectual property (IP). There are now serious concerns that the world's IP system, including both rules created by national legislation and those created by international agreements, is stronger than is the economic interests of developing nations. A stronger antitrust law might be a valuable response. This article, therefore, examines the actions that developing nations might take in the antitrust area, looking both at national legislation and at international analysis and explores how to pursue such approaches consistently with current law in the area. The article concentrates on patents but considers copyright law where that law affects technological innovation, as in the case of software. The article does not explore other areas of antitrust laws such as the general treatment of Intellectual Property rights, which noted the possible role of antitrust law but did not explore it in depth because antitrust law proved less relevant to the poorest nations than did the basic access issues explored in that analysis. Nor, except in passing, does the article consider compulsory licensing based on broad principles, such as those included in TRIPS Article 3I3 of the Doha Declaration.The Article avoids emphasizing specific technical doctrines, emphasizing instead the various economic standards that permeate antitrust practices. It considers three important contexts: the response to a (generally foreign) monopolist, the response to a (generally primarily foreign) global oligopoly or cartel, and the management of relations between a major (generally foreign) firm and a local licensee.
Thoracoscopic Treatment of Pectus Excavatum: The Nuss Procedure

Pectus excavatum is the most common chest wall deformity affecting up to 1 % of the population. Traditional management required an open procedure that included an anterior chest incision, resection of the affected cartilages, and sternal osteotomy. In 1997, Donald Nuss proposed a minimally invasive approach that utilized small, laterally oriented incisions and placement of a rigid bar to push the sternum up into the appropriate position. Over time this support allows the chest wall to remodel resulting in reversal of the defect, all without cartilage resection or osteotomy. Since its inception, it has experienced widespread application in many centers worldwide with good results. In this chapter we present the workup, selection of patients, and procedure for the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. There is extensive literature on many aspects of this condition and procedure. The emphasis of this chapter is to present the technical logistics of the minimally invasive approach.
Double Hematological Malignancy: An Unusual Presentation in Three Cases

The occurrence of more than one hematological malignancy in the same patient is an unusual pathologic condition and may pose a difficult challenge during decision to start various chemotherapy regimens. Cases of solid tumors of lung and gastrointestinal tract have been noted secondary to treatment of hematological malignancies but the occurrence of two hematological malignancies concomitantly is a rare presentation. We describe three cases of coexistent hematological malignancies at our institution. First case describes a 77 yo male with synchronously occurring B cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma: marginal zone lymphoma (main bone marrow population); Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (Fluorescent-in–situ hybridization test positive for trisomy 12) and a Monoclonal Beta, elevated IgM, elevated B2. BM evaluation revealed involvement by both processes. The patient has been started on Rituximab recently. The second case is an 85 yo male with findings with peripheral blood flow cytometry consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell immunophenotype and lymph node biopsy consistent with Follicular Lymphoma. He was found to be BCL2 + on BM and had a normal Karyotype: 46, XY. He was treated with Rituximab ×8 cycles. A follow up PET scan showed partial response. Our third case was an 83 yo man with simultaneous presentation of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM). This patient had MDS (Refractory anemia with Ring sideroblasts RARS type) and smoldering Multiple myeloma (monoclonal plasma cells 10–15%) bone marrow infiltration which over a course of 3 years transformed into full blown Multiple Myeloma with bone marrow revealing 30–40% plasma cells and osteolytic lesions on skeletal survey. Cytogenetic were normal. He was treated with Lenalidomide (after failure of ESA) and became transfusion in dependent for one year (Hgb rose from baseline of 6–7 to 13 g/dL), after progression to active multiple myeloma he was treated with Thalidomide and Dexamthesone. He achieved a partial response on SPEP. Subsequently he was treated for MDS progression with Azacytidine for 5 cycles with minor hematological benefit (transfusion was less frequently), he recently succumbed to his disease, he was transfusion dependent and became acutely ill after an acute episode of diverticulitis. Patients with MM, MDS have been reported after chemotherapy but few cases documenting the coexistence of MDS and MM at diagnosis have been reported in the literature. Conclusion: In this report, we describe a three cases of double hematological clonal processes or malignancy, all diagnosed at same time, without preceding hematological disorder or chemotherapy, and all required treatment.
APOL1 Renal-Risk Variants Do Not Associate With Incident Cardiovascular Disease or Mortality in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial

Introduction Relationships between apolipoprotein L1 gene ( APOL1 ) renal-risk variants (RRVs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain controversial. To clarify associations between APOL1 and CVD, a total of 2568 African American Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) participants were assessed for the incidence of CVD events (primary composite including nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and CVD death), renal outcomes, and all-cause mortality. Methods Cox proportional hazards regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, African ancestry proportion, and treatment group (systolic blood pressure target of Results Of the participants, 14% had 2 APOL1 RRVs; these individuals also had lower baseline estimated GFR and higher levels of albuminuria and BMI. After a median follow-up of 39 months, no significant association was observed between APOL1 RRVs and the primary composite CVD outcome, any of its components, or all-cause mortality (recessive or additive genetic models). APOL1 demonstrated a trend toward association with sustained 30% reduction in estimated GFR to 2 in those with normal kidney function at baseline (hazard ratio 1.64; 95% confidence interval = 0.85−2.93; P = 0.114, recessive model). Discussion APOL1 RRVs were not associated with incident CVD in high-risk hypertensive, nondiabetic African American participants in SPRINT.
Empirical Assessment of Unobserved Heterogeneity and Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Failures in Water Distribution Systems

AbstractAn understanding of the failure patterns of pipes in water distribution systems is critical to cost-effective system-maintenance planning. Failure patterns, which typically measure the freq...
Intracellular Signaling Network as a Prime Chemotherapy Target of Green Tea Catechin, (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Chemoprevention is an attempt to use either naturally occurring or synthetic substances or their mixtures to intervene in the progress of carcinogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that green tea phytochemicals alter gene expression, directly or indirectly, thereby regulating the carcinogenic processes. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major antioxidant polyphenolic compound present in green tea, is a promising chemopreventive agent. EGCG has been shown to exert growth-inhibitory potential of various cancer cells in culture and antitumor activity in vivo models. EGCG could interact with various molecules like proteins, transcription factors, and enzymes, which block multiple stages of carcinogenesis. Moreover, much of the cancer chemopreventive effects of EGCG that regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis effects by altering the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, activating killer caspases, induction of phase II enzymes, mediation of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation responses, and suppressing oncogenic transcription factors and pluripotency maintain factors. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that EGCG blocks carcinogenesis by affecting a wide array of signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, transformation, inflammation, apoptosis, metastasis and invasion. EGCG stimulates telomere fragmentation through inhibiting telomerase activity. Recent reports demonstrated that EGCG inhibits DNA methyltransferases, proteases, and dihydrofolate reductase activities, which would affect transcription of tumor suppressor genes and protein synthesis. To develop EGCG as an anticarcinogenic agent, more clear understanding of the cell signaling pathways and the molecular targets responsible for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects are needed. This review summarizes recent preclinical and clinical research on the EGCG-induced cellular signal transduction events which implicate in prevention and therapy of cancer.
Improved electrochemical performance of bagasse and starch-modified LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 materials for lithium-ion batteries

Organic carbon-coated LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 materials are prepared by mixing 2 or 5% starch or bagasse evenly with the synthesized LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 material and calcining for 10 h at 750 °C. The microstructures and electrochemical performance are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, carbon/sulfur analysis, transmission electron microscopy and electrochemical testing. The results indicate that the organic carbon coated on the surface of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 material does not change the surface morphology and crystal structure, but greatly improves the conductivity, rate and cycle performance of the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode in a Li-ion battery. The initial discharge capacity of the synthesized LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 material is 147.8 mAh g−1, which increases to 152.4 and 153.3 mAh g−1 for 2% starch and bagasse, respectively. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention rates are 70.7% (uncoated), 83.3% (coated with 2% starch), 90.1% (coated with 2% bagasse), 83.1% (coated with 5% starch) and 91.1% (coated with 5% bagasse). The influence of the percentage of coated carbon and its dispersion uniformity on the performance of the battery is analyzed. A small coating capacity and uniform carbon film can achieve better performance. Rational organic carbon coating technology is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of LiNi1−x−y Mn x Co y O2-based material.
The Qualitative Approach to Socially Constructed Identities

As discussed in the previous chapter, quantitative research offers many advantages for addressing questions of interest to feminist scholars, including the promise of deriving free-standing, objective, and widely generalizable knowledge which identifies causal mechanisms that can be targeted for socially beneficial interventions.
The efficacy of screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital examination.

Screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital examination has been frequently advocated. In the United States prostate cancer is an important health problem for which current treatment is unsatisfactory; most patients with progressive disease die of the condition. While the pattern of spread of prostate cancer is understood, rates of progression of early disease are unknown. There has been no randomized clinical trial of digital examination in screening for prostate cancer; and thus, whether prognosis is definitely improved by early detection is unknown. Measures of test performance—test sensitivity and specificity—are unknown for an asymptomatic screened population. Interpreting the results of treatment for asymptomatic cases diagnosed by screening is difficult because of selection bias, lead time bias, and possible overdiagnosis of nonprogressive cancers. The limited cost-efficacy of routine digital examination of the prostate should be compared with the cost-efficacy of other routine health care in deciding about the use of this procedure.
The Impact of Cervical Spinal Cord Atrophy on Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis (P1.422)

Objective: To assess the relationship between 3T-MRI derived cervical spinal cord, atrophy, and QOL. Background: Spinal cord demyelination is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and has been linked to increased disability and progressive clinical course. Spinal cord atrophy shows a close relationship to MS-related physical disability, though the relationship between spinal cord lesions/atrophy and quality of life (QOL) is not known. Design/Methods: 62 consecutive patients (53 RR, 7 SP, 2 CIS) underwent 3T MRI with a consistent acquisition protocol within 30 days of a clinical/cognitive evaluation and completion of a NeuroQOL survey, assessing 9 physical, mental, and social health QOL domains. Normalized upper cervical (C1–C3) spinal cord area (UCCA) was obtained from 3D MPRAGE sequences (1 mm isotropic voxels). In addition, cervical spinal cord T2 hyperintense lesion number and volume (T2LV) and brain T2LV were quantified by an expert. Spearman correlations were assessed between MRI and clinical data. Results: Age was (mean±SD) 46.3±8.8 years and disease duration (DD) 13.5±7.2 years. UCCA showed an inverse relationship to age (r= −0.307, p=0.015), DD (r= −0.484, p Conclusions: Cervical spinal cord atrophy, but not lesions, is associated with impaired physical health QOL in MS. This relationship is distinct from that observed with brain T2LV, which more strongly influences cognition. These findings underscore the complementary information obtained by combining brain and spinal imaging in defining MS disease severity. Disclosure: Dr. Zurawski has nothing to disclose. Dr. Glanz has received research support from Merck-Serono and Verily Life Sciences. Dr. Healy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tauhid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khalid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chitnis has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Bayer, Biogen, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche-Genentech. Dr. Weiner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bakshi has nothing to disclose.
What’s Love Got to Do with It? Marriage and Divorce in Family Business

Marriage, divorce, and couple relationships are some of the most important issues in family business. Although these topics have been touched on in family business research, there has been little attention given to specific theories. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to generate ideas for how theories of marriage, divorce, and couple relationships may inform future family business research. These ideas are taken from the findings of the authors’ research on family business couples as well as from theories from leading experts on marriage, divorce, and relationships. A two-part case study will be used for illustration of the presented ideas. Case Study, Part One involves a couple who is deciding whether or not to go into business together. Case Study, Part Two fast forwards this couple 20 years later as they contemplate divorce. A review of the literature on family business couples will set the context for the cases, presenting theories and future research ideas.
Phase-Mean Drift Equation for Convection Patterns in Large Aspect Ratio Containers

We present the phase diffusion and mean drift equation which describe the convection pattern in large aspect ratio containers for arbitrary large Rayleigh numbers. An exact agreement is found with the borders of the Busse balloon, concerning the long wavelength instabilities. We propose a calculation of the selected wavenumber which agrees closely with experiments and we predict a new instability which appears to be important in initiating time dependence. We predict also the Rayleigh numbers at which loss of spatial correlation due to global defect nucleation will occur.
Factors associated with survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with morbidity and mortality in dogs. Plasma fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) concentration is an independent predictor of CKD progression and survival in cats and people with CKD. Objectives: To investigate the relationship among FGF‐23, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D metabolites, and other clinical variables with survival time in dogs with CKD. Animals: Twenty‐seven azotemic CKD dogs. Methods: Dogs were recruited prospectively into the study and followed until death or study conclusion. Dogs were International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staged into stage 2 (n = 9), stage 3 (n = 12), and stage 4 (n = 6) CKD. Survival times were calculated from the date of study inclusion. Univariable Cox regression was used to assess variables associated with survival including body condition score (BCS), muscle condition score, hematocrit, creatinine, CKD stage, serum phosphorus, urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC), calcium phosphorus product (CaPP), PTH, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐‐dihydroxyvitamin D, and FGF‐23 concentrations. Results: Significant hazard ratios (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval; P value) were as follows: BCS < 4/9 (1.579; 1.003‐2.282; P = .05), muscle atrophy (2.334; 1.352‐4.030; P = .01), increased creatinine (1.383; 1.16‐1.64; .01), hyperphosphatemia (3.20; 1.357‐7.548; P = .005), increased UPC (3.191; 1.310‐7.773; P = .01), increased CaPP (4.092; 1.771‐9.454; P = .003), and increased FGF‐23 (2.609; 1.090‐6.240; P = .05). Survival times for each IRIS CKD stage were significantly different (P = .01). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Multiple variables, including FGF‐23, were associated with duration of survival in CKD dogs. FGF‐23 could be a prognostic marker in dogs with CKD.
Towards Team-Centered Informatics: Accelerating Innovation in Multidisciplinary Scientific Teams Through Visual Analytics:

A critical goal of multidisciplinary scientific teams is to integrate knowledge from diverse disciplines for the purpose of developing novel insights and innovations. For example, multidisciplinary...
A Twin Study of Genetic Influences on Nephrolithiasis in Women and Men.

Background Nephrolithiasis is a complex phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Previously we found a genetic component to stone disease using a sample of male twin pairs. We now report on the genetic contribution to stones in a sample of female and male twin pairs. Methods We conducted a classic twin study of kidney stones using the Washington State Twin Registry. Data were collected by questionnaire to obtain self-reported history of kidney stones. Univariate structural equation modeling was used to determine the relative contributions of additive genetics, common environment, and unique environment. Results There were 7053 same-sex pairs with kidney stone data. The mean age of the sample was 39 years, similar in women and men. The prevalence of stones was 4.9% of women and 6.2% of men. We found significant contributions from genetics and the unique environment (P Conclusions Nephrolithiasis in women has a heritable component less than that we again demonstrate in men. This finding may in part explain why more stone formers are men than women. Women twins demonstrated a greater effect of the unique environment on stone prevalence. The specific environmental risk factors that account for this effect are not currently known.
Case 4: Altered Mental Status in a 6-year-old Boy.

1. Kabelo Thusang, MD*,† 2. Chineyere Onyearugbulem, MD*,† 3. Jennifer Chao, MD*,† 4. Davor Skaricic, MD*,† 1. *Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kings County Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 2. †State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY A previously healthy 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a 5-day history of fever, sore throat, and worsening cough. One day before presentation he was found to be difficult to arouse. On the day of hospital admission he is restless and minimally responsive to his mother's commands. On physical examination his vital signs are normal. He is minimally responsive, does not follow commands, and opens his eyes to noxious stimuli. His neck is supple, with no neck stiffness, and his pupils are 3 mm, symmetrical, and reactive to light. He is uncooperative for a funduscopic examination, and extraocular muscle movements are full and intact, without nystagmus. There is no facial asymmetry, his tongue is midline, and his palate elevates symmetrically with a strong gag response. His power is greater than 3/5 in all muscle groups, with normal tone and bulk. Deep tendon reflexes are 2+ throughout. Toes are down going to plantar stimulation bilaterally. A blood glucose level, a complete blood cell count, and results of a basic metabolic panel are normal. A routine urine toxicology screen is negative, and acetaminophen and salicylate …
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ENOXAPARIN AS BRIDGE TO SUBTHERAPEUTIC INR IN 3 MONTHS POST-DISCHARGE AFTER LVAD IMPLANTATION

Evaluate safety and efficacy of enoxaparin for bridging sub-therapeutic INR in first 3 months of discharge after LVAD implantation. All patients who received LVAD at our institution were followed for period of 3 months after discharge or study end date whichever came earlier. Total duration on
A viral small terminase subunit (TerS) twin ring pac synapsis DNA packaging model is supported by fluorescent fusion proteins

Abstract A bacteriophage T4 DNA “synapsis model” proposes that the bacteriophage T4 terminase small subunit (TerS) apposes two pac site containing dsDNA homologs to gauge concatemer maturation adequate for packaging initiation. N-terminus, C-terminus, or both ends modified fusion Ter S proteins retain function. Replacements of the TerS gene in the T4 genome with fusion genes encoding larger (18–45 kDa) TerS-eGFP and TerS-mCherry fluorescent fusion proteins function without significant change in phenotype. Co-infection and co-expression by T4 phages encoding TerS-eGFP and TerS-mCherry shows in vivo FRET in infected bacteria comparable to that of the purified, denatured and then renatured, mixed fusion proteins in vitro. FRET of purified, denatured-renatured, mixed temperature sensitive and native TerS fusion proteins at low and high temperature in vitro shows that TerS ring-like oligomer formation is essential for function in vivo. Super-resolution STORM and PALM microscopy of intercalating dye YOYO-1 DNA and photoactivatable TerS-PAmCherry-C1 fusions support accumulation of TerS dimeric or multiple ring-like oligomer structures containing DNA and gp16-mCherry in vivo as well as in vitro to regulate pac site cutting.
The Effects of Targeted Instruction and Other Interventions on the Interlibrary Loan Use Patterns of Historians and Their Students

Prior to this study, the Access Services Librarian systematically improved interlibrary loan (ILL) and related services offered by the R. Barbara Gitenstein Library of The College of New Jersey (TC...
A computer graphics display technique for the examination of aircraft design data

An interactive computer graphics technique has been developed for quickly sorting and interpreting large amounts of aerodynamic data. It utilizes a graphic representation rather than numbers. The geometry package represents the vehicle as a set of panels. These panels are ordered in groups of ascending values (e.g., equilibrium temperatures). The groups are then displayed successively on a CRT building up to the complete vehicle. A zoom feature allows for displaying only the panels with values between certain limits. The addition of color allows a one-time display thus eliminating the need for a display build up.
Glacial cooling and climate sensitivity revisited

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), one of the best studied palaeoclimatic intervals, offers an excellent opportunity to investigate how the climate system responds to changes in greenhouse gases and the cryosphere. Previous work has sought to constrain the magnitude and pattern of glacial cooling from palaeothermometers1,2, but the uneven distribution of the proxies, as well as their uncertainties, has challenged the construction of a full-field view of the LGM climate state. Here we combine a large collection of geochemical proxies for sea surface temperature with an isotope-enabled climate model ensemble to produce a field reconstruction of LGM temperatures using data assimilation. The reconstruction is validated with withheld proxies as well as independent ice core and speleothem δ18O measurements. Our assimilated product provides a constraint on global mean LGM cooling of −6.1 degrees Celsius (95 per cent confidence interval: −6.5 to −5.7 degrees Celsius). Given assumptions concerning the radiative forcing of greenhouse gases, ice sheets and mineral dust aerosols, this cooling translates to an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.4 degrees Celsius (2.4–4.5 degrees Celsius), a value that is higher than previous LGM-based estimates but consistent with the traditional consensus range of 2–4.5 degrees Celsius3,4. A compilation of proxy data are used with an isotope-enabled climate model ensemble to constrain cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum, producing estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity that agree well with the current consensus range.
Evaluating Students' Use of Therapeutic Communication in Entry-Level Education: The Observer Version of the Clinical Assessment of Modes (CAM-Observer).

IMPORTANCE The Intentional Relationship Model (IRM) guides learning about therapeutic use of self. The observer version of the Clinical Assessment of Modes (CAM-Observer) may be used to evaluate students' therapeutic communication as the process is defined in the IRM. OBJECTIVE To assess the structural validity of the CAM-Observer. DESIGN Cross-sectional, psychometric study. SETTING Master's in occupational therapy program. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-four entry-level students. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The overall CAM-Observer and the individual subscales (Advocating, Collaborating, Empathizing, Encouraging, Instructing, Problem-Solving) were used to assess students' communication from the instructor's perspective. RESULTS The overall CAM-Observer and six subscales demonstrated appropriate rating scale functioning and dimensionality. The Advocating subscale demonstrated poor item fit, floor effects, and low person separation. One Collaborating item demonstrated poor fit to the overall CAM-Observer and the Collaborating subscale, requiring revision. Instructing and Encouraging items were most likely to be endorsed by the instructor-observers, resulting in a ceiling effect for the Instructing and Encouraging subscales. The Advocating and Problem-Solving items were least likely to be endorsed by the instructor-observers. Except for the Problem-Solving subscale, the overall CAM-Observer and the individual subscales could reliably separate items according to difficulty. Except for the Advocating subscale, the overall CAM-Observer and the individual subscales could reliably separate people into high- and low-performance groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The CAM-Observer offers a structurally valid and theoretically grounded assessment of students' therapeutic communication as the process is defined in the IRM. The CAM-Observer can be integrated into occupational therapy education to guide students' critical reflection on their interpersonal communication. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS The CAM-Observer offers a means of evaluating students' therapeutic use of self.
Telemedicine Foot and Ankle Visits in the COVID-19 Era

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic created a difficult environment to provide musculoskeletal care to patients with foot and ankle pathology given the limitations placed on in-office visits. Telemedi...
MVP: predicting pathogenicity of missense variants by deep neural networks

Precise prediction of pathogenicity of missense variants is critical to improve power in genetic studies and yield in clinical genetic testing. Here we describe a new prediction method, MVP, which uses deep neural networks to leverage large training data sets and many correlated predictors. Using cancer mutation hotspots and de novo germline mutations from developmental disorders for benchmarking, MVP achieved better performance in prioritizing pathogenic missense variants than previous methods.
Local Data for Action: Statewide Dissemination of School Wellness Policy Evaluations in Wisconsin.

School settings can influence child health, including physical activity and diet, through the promotion of high-quality wellness policies. Many studies have analyzed the quality of school wellness ...
Predictive factors for the development of postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis in children operated during infancy

The risk factors for postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) are still incompletely understood, especially age at which surgery is performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for the development of postoperative HAEC in children operated during infancy. Thirty-five children who had undergone radical surgery for Hirschsprung disease (HD) during infancy were included in the study. They were divided into two groups; those who developed postoperative HAEC (HAEC, 14 patients) and those who did not (no HAEC, 21 patients). Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical details. Developing postoperative HAEC was significantly associated with long-segment HD (p = 0.020) and the age at radical surgery (p = 0.0241). No other factors had a significant association with postoperative HAEC. In the patients who developed postoperative HAEC (n = 14), those with Trisomy 21 had significantly longer hospitalizations than those without. Patients with long-segment HD had a higher hospitalization rate than those with short-segment HD. This study clearly showed that long-segment HD and older age at radical surgery are risk factors for developing postoperative HAEC.