cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship and Accountability: Tensions in Feminist Supervision

A challenge in clinical supervision is balancing tension between fostering a collaborative supervisory relationship and maintaining supervisory accountability. In feminist supervision this tension is heightened by virtue of its contextual, collaborative, and interpersonal qualities. What distinguishes feminist supervision is the intent to address hierarchical factors and examine their impact rather than simply exercise authority and the intent to honor the explicit commitment to the areas of mutuality possible in the relationship. Reflection and elaboration of tensions and potential conflicting roles are part of feminist supervisors' role definition. Feminist supervision models explicate the impact of such power and relationship on the supervisory process. The purpose of this paper is to describe the tensions and possible interventions to structure the relationship effectively, elucidating supervisory power and accountability in the era of competency-based clinical supervision. Drawing on best practices i...
Adenovirus (ADV) Infection In Pediatric Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (AlloSCT) Recipients Is A Major Independent Factor For Significantly Increasing The Risk Of Treatment Related Mortality

Summary Adenovirus infection is a significant complication in paediatric AlloSCT recipients with a mortality rate for disseminated adenovirus that may exceed 80%. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and associated outcomes of adenovirus infection in 123 consecutive paediatric AlloSCT recipients. Adenovirus was diagnosed by antigen detection or viral culture, and was defined by isolation of virus with presence of correlating clinical symptoms. The probability of developing adenovirus infection was 12AE3% (CI95 6AE0‐18AE6). There were no statistically significant differences in probability of adenovirus infection in univariate analysis of risk factors including donor source, use of ATG/Alemtuzumab, ‡Grade II GVHD, among others (age, diagnosis, conditioning regimen). Probability of overall survival for patients that experienced adenovirus infection was 15AE4% vs. 50% for those without adenovirus (P =0 AE0286). In multivariate analysis, the most important risk factor for an increased risk of death was adenovirus infection [HR 3AE15 (CI95 1AE6‐6AE18) P =0 AE0009]. In this series of paediatric AlloSCT recipients, the development of adenovirus infection was the leading multivariate predictor of treatment-related mortality. Enhanced surveillance with adenovirus PCR and identification of the risk factors associated with poor outcomes from adenovirus infection may identify patients that may benefit from pre-emptive therapeutic interventions including adenovirusspecific cellular immunotherapies.
General management simulations: an approach for the seventies

The great surge of enthusiasm and research in gaming during the sixties provided us with some of the most sophisticated general-management simulations ever. In the seventies we will undoubtedly wit...
Probing the mechanism of C-H activation: oxidation of methylcubane by soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b.

The soluble form of methane monooxygenase (MMO) isolated from methanotrophic bacteria catalyzes the O2-dependent conversion of methane to methanol, as well as the adventitious oxidation of many other hydrocarbons. In past studies, it was reported that the oxidation reaction of methylcubane, a radical clock substrate, catalyzed by MMO from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) gave only cubylmethanol as the product rather than methylcubanol(s) or rearranged products characteristic of a radical formed on the methyl group [Choi, S.-Y., Eaton, P. E., Hollenberg, P. F., Liu, K. E., Lippard, S. J., Newcomb, M., Putt, D. A., Upadhyaya, S. P., and Xiong, Y. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 6547−6555]. Such a substrate radical intermediate would be expected if the mechanism of MMO involves hydrogen atom abstraction as indicated by many previous mechanistic studies. Here it is shown that the reaction of methylcubane with the reconstituted MMO system from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b yields both cubylmethanol and methylcu...
Life-history studies on cestodes of the genus Dipylidium from the dog.

1. The literature pertaining to the known larval stages ofDipylidium, caninum has been reviewed both in respect to the forms found in the flea and in the dog louse. 2. The larval stages as they occur inTrichodectes canis have been described. 3. A difference has been pointed out between the cysticercoid from the flea and that from the louse. 4. A difference in the adult cestodes which may be served by these intermediate hosts has been indicated. 5. The fact that the louse became infested from ova from thewhite proglottids and the flea by ova from the cestodes with red proglottids has been shown.
Computational investigation into the mechanisms of UV ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Molecular dynamics simulations with an embedded Monte Carlo based reaction scheme were used to study UV ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at 157 nm. We discuss the onset of ablation, the formation and distribution of products in the plume and stress relaxation of the polymer matrix. Laser induced heating and bond-breaks are considered as ablation pathways. We show here that depending on the nature of energy deposition the evolution of ablation plume and yield composition can be quite different. If all of photon energy is converted to heat it can set off ablation via mechanical failure of the material in the heated region. Alternatively, if the photon energy goes towards breaking bonds first, it initiates chemical reactions, polymer unzipping and formation of gaseous products inside the substrate. The ejection of these molecules has a hollowing out effect on the substrate which can lead to ejection of larger chunks. No excessive pressure buildup due to creation of gaseous molecules or entrainment of larger polymer chunks is observed in this case.
High-frequency ultrasound array element using thermoelastic expansion in an elastomeric film

The thermoelastic effect was used to produce high-frequency, broadband ultrasound in water. A pulsed diode laser, followed by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, was focused onto a light-absorbing film deposited on a glass substrate. Conversion efficiency was improved by over 20 dB using an elastomeric film instead of a more commonly used metallic one. Radiation pattern measurements show that considerable energy is radiated at +/−45° for frequencies beyond 50 MHz. These results show that the thermoelastic effect can be used to produce phased arrays for high-frequency ultrasound imaging.
Simulation methods for chemically specific modeling of electrochemical interfaces

Abstract We present progress in simulation of electrochemical interfaces. The problem is one of a larger class of materials related simulation challenges in which one needs to couple calculations spanning about 10 orders of magnitude in length and time scale in order to produce macroscopic predictions. Generally, methods within each scale are available but robust and reliable methods for coupling one scale to another are not. We discuss methods for coupling the electronic structure scale to the atomic scale and the atomic scale to higher length scales. At the electronic scale, quantum chemical, Hartree-Fock based methods and solid-state, density functional methods, while working from the same principles, are both useful in the appropriate electrochemical context. To study oxides, methods in which tight binding molecular dynamics models are fitted to plane wave local density electronic structure results with applications to titania and other rutile structure oxides are described in more detail. At the higher scale, we discuss progress on renormalization of molecular dynamics to permit it to be used on longer time and length scales in the context of studies of polymer electrolytes of interest in battery development programs.
Assemblages of Geologic/Morphologic Units in the Northern Hemisphere of Venus

The geologic/morphologic map of the northern mid-to-high latitudes of Venus prepared by a Soviet science team on the basis of Venera 15/16 mission radar image coverage is analyzed and used to define six discrete assemblages of geologic/morphologic units that have well-defined geographic distributions. These assemblages have distinctive and differing geological and tectonic expressions and include: Plains Assemblage - which is dominated by lowland smooth plains and lowland rolling plains interpreted to be of volcanic origin, and a high concentration of small volcanic domes; Plains-Corona Assemblage - which is dominated by lowland smooth plains and lowland rolling plains interpreted to be of volcanic origin, at least ten coronae structures concentrated in the northern half of the region, and at least five large volcanoes, generally concentrated in the southern and western half of the region; Plains-Ridge Belt Assemblage - which is dominated by lowland smooth plains and lesser amounts of lowland rolling plains, major occurrences of ridge belts in a distinctive fan-shaped pattern, and very minor and patchy occurrences of tessera; Plains-Corona-Tessera Assemblage - which is dominated by approximately equal amounts of lowland smooth plains and lowland rolling plains, at least five coronae concentrated in the northern part of the region, a small number of large volcanoes, also in the northern part of the region, and numerous small patches of tesserae scattered throughout, and the highest abundance of small volcanic domes observed in the northern hemisphere; Tessera-Ridge Belt Assemblage — which is dominated by a few large areas (Fortuna, Laima, Tellus) and several smaller areas (Dekla, Meni) of tesserae, ridge belts generally arrayed in an angular and often orthogonal pattern different from the fan-shaped pattern of the Plains-Ridge Belt Assemblage, lowland rolling plains and lesser amounts of lowland smooth plains, and an upland rise (Bell Regio); Tessera-Mountain Belt Assemblage - which is centered on the two volcanoes Colette and Sacajawea in Lakshmi Planum, and characterized by the peripheral mountain belt/tessera pairs, with the tessera on the outboard side: Danu/Clotho (S), Akna/Atropos (W), Freyja/ltzpapalotl (N), and Maxwell/Fortuna (E). The distribution and characteristics of assemblages demonstrate that vertical and horizontal tectonic forces are operating on the crust and lithosphere of Venus in different ways in specific localized areas. Alternative models are outlined for the origin of each assemblage and the relationship between assemblages, and important unresolved questions are identified. A key to the further understanding of these assemblages is the origin of ridge belts and tessera terrain.
Sympatry affects the evolution of genetic versus cultural determination of song

One hypothesis explaining the species richness of the songbirds is based on the fact that these species generally acquire their songs socially rather than genetically. Here we consider the outcome of secondary contact between birds that have developed distinct song dialects in allopatry. We ask 2 questions: 1) given a fixed probability of learning, how do the songs evolve in sympatry and 2) would evolution tend to increase or decrease the genetic, versus cultural, determination of song in this situation? We assume that the 2 local dialects can be both genetically determined and learned via song copying, whereas a third category of song, mixed song, is only learned. We evaluate both questions assuming 3 different ways that mixed song can be generated in addition to learning via copying. We find that when the probability of learning is fixed, local dialects can generally be maintained even when a substantial majority of males produce learned songs. Song differentiation will, however, be lost if song learning itself can evolve. This is partly a result of a positive feedback mechanism; mixed songs are readily accepted by all females, leading to selection favoring an allele which increases the probability that males will produce those songs. This in turn increases the frequency of mixed songs, making it harder for dialects to be maintained. As human disturbance alters species ranges, partially differentiated populations may increasingly come into contact; this work predicts that song differentiation may indeed tend to be lost under a significant proportion of these conditions. Key words: bird song, cultural evolution, learning, mathematical model, secondary contact, sexual selection, song copying, speciation, sympatry. [Behav Ecol]
On multigrid methods for the solution of least-squares finite element models for viscous flows

There is a vast literature on least-squares finite element models (LSFEM) applied to fluid dynamics problems. The hp version of the least-squares models is computationally expensive, which necessitates the usage of elegant methods for solving resulting systems of equations. Amongst some of the schemes used for solving large systems of equations is the element-by-element (EBE) solution technique, which has found widespread use in least-squares applications. However, the use of EBE techniques with Jacobi preconditioning leads to very little performance gains as compared to solving a non-preconditioned system. Because of such considerations, the hp version LSFEM solutions are computationally intensive. In this study, we propose to solve the LSFEM systems using the multigrid method, which offers superior convergence rates compared to the EBE–JCG. We demonstrate the superior convergence of the Multigrid solver compared to Jacobi preconditioning for the wall-driven cavity and backward facing step problems using...
Fast multipole representation of Green's function for an impedance half-space

In this paper, exact and approximate multipole representations for fields of a horizontal or a vertical infinitesimal dipole above impedance surfaces are derived from the exact image formulation. These multipole expansions are appropriate for applications in the method of moments through a formulation known as the fast multipole method. Unlike the existing approximate formulations, these new multipole representations of the Green's function for the half-space impedance surface problem do not impose any restrictions on the location of source or observation points and are computationally very efficient.
Inactivation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I in Human Milk: Effects of Intrinsic Factors in Human Milk and of Pasteurization:

Human milk was inoculated with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) or with HIV-1-infected cells in volumes and containers typically used in human milk banks. The inoculated milk was pasteurized at 62.5 degrees C for 30 minutes in a water bath, i.e., conditions currently in use or proposed for human milk pasteurization. The process of HIV-1 inoculation and pasteurization effectively inactivated the infectivity of both cell-free HIV-1 and HIV-1-infected cells. No virus was recovered after the process, even after repeated subculturing in attempts to rescue the virus. Pasteurization reduced the infectious titer of cell-free HIV-1 and HIV-1-infected cells by more than 5 logs and 6 logs respectively. Human milk contains one or more components that inactive HIV-1 but that are not toxic for the cells used to replicate virus. These components have not been identified, but physical and solubility properties are consistent with characteristics of lipids.
An evaluation of fusion algorithms using image fusion metrics and human identification performance

The performance of image fusion algorithms is evaluated using image fusion quality metrics and observer performance in identification perception experiments. Image Intensified (I 2 ) and LWIR images are used as the inputs to the fusion algorithms. The test subjects are tasked to identify potentially threatening handheld objects in both the original and fused images. The metrics used for evaluation are mutual information (MI), fusion quality index (FQI), weighted fusion quality index (WFQI), and edge-dependent fusion quality index (EDFQI). Some of the fusion algorithms under consideration are based on Peter Burt's Laplacian Pyramid, Toet's Ratio of Low Pass (RoLP or contrast ratio), and Waxman's Opponent Processing. Also considered in this paper are pixel averaging, superposition, multi-scale decomposition, and shift invariant discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT). The fusion algorithms are compared using human performance in an object-identification perception experiment. The observer responses are then compared to the image fusion quality metrics to determine the amount of correlation, if any. The results of the perception test indicated that the opponent processing and ratio of contrast algorithms yielded the greatest observer performance on average. Task difficulty (V 50 ) associated with the I 2 and LWIR imagery for each fusion algorithm is also reported.
A study of the reinnervation of fast and slow mammalian muscles.

Miniature end plate potential (mepp) frequency in innervated extensor muscle is significantly higher than in soleus muscle. 9 days after nerve crush mepps of low amplitude and prolonged duration reappeared at a frequency of 2% of control and were similar to normal muscles after 35 days. Membrane potential began to increase 9–10 days after nerve crush and at 30 days was similar to controls. The region most sensitive to ACh in denervated and reinnervated muscles was the end plate. Caffeine (20 mM, 23°C) induced contracture in innervated soleus but not in extensor muscles. After denervation the extensor became sensitive to caffeine while the soleus muscles decreased in sensitivity to the drug; 4–5 days after reinnervation the effect of caffeine on these muscles was similar to control. The events during reinnervation are: (a) reappearance of mepps at the same time as end plate potential and muscle twitch; (b) partial restoration of the membrane potential; (c) return of caffeine-induced contracture to normal levels in the soleus and its absence in the extensor muscles; (d) return of membrane resistance to normal values in both muscles at about 25 days; and (e) return of ACh-sensitivity to control levels at about 30 days in both muscles. Although these results suggest that the membrane potential and sarcoplasmic reticulum are under neural influence, it remains to be established whether or not separate neurotrophic factors are involved.
Making changes within a team

Purpose – To illustrate the use of team employment and management within a variety of organizations.Design/methodology/approach – Writes about experiences of introducing team management into a Tool company and GE. Also provides some exercises in training and planning for team management.Findings – Some of the key points made were the need for pilot testing, for the team to own the numbers and targets, and for open communications.Originality/value – Some useful pointers for anyone considering a more team based approach to product or service delivery.
Federal Personnel Management Reform From Civil Service Reform Act to National Security Reforms

In what ways are current civil service reform efforts similar to and different from the qualities that characterize the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA)? These issues are explored by examining the new personnel authorities granted to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and to the Department of Defense (DoD) in the National Security Personnel System (NSPS). In many respects, current reforms preserve some of the ideas behind CSRA or they derive from the authorities included in the CSRA. In other respects, current reform departs from the CSRA model and new ideas related to enactment, design, and implementation of civil service reform have emerged. Furthermore, a new argument emerged in DHS and NSPS that had never before appeared in any public discourse on personnel management reform: the link between federal personnel management policy and national security.
Reconstructing regulatory network transitions

Cellular responses often involve a transition of cells from one state to another. A transition from a stem cell to a differentiated cell state, for example, might occur in response to gene expression changes induced by a transcription factor, or to signaling cascades triggered by a hormone or pathogen. Regulatory networks are thought to control such cellular transitions. Thus, many researchers are interested in reconstructing regulatory networks, not only with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of cellular transitions, but also of using networks to predict and potentially manipulate cellular transitions and outcomes. In this review, we highlight approaches to the reconstruction of regulatory networks underlying cellular transitions, with special attention to transcriptional regulatory networks. We describe recent regulatory network reconstructions in a variety of organisms, and discuss the success they share in identifying new regulatory components, shared relationships and phenotypic outcomes.
Comparison of vertebral and intervertebral disc lesions in aging humans and rhesus monkeys

Summary Objective To compare gross and histologic patterns of age-related degeneration within the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebra between rhesus monkeys and humans. Materials and methods We examined age-related patterns of disc degeneration from mid-sagittal sections of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral bodies (VB) among six rhesus monkey thoracolumbar and seven human lumbar spines. Gross morphology and histopathology were assessed via the Thompson grading scheme and other degenerative features of the disc and adjacent bone. Results Thompson grades ranged from 3 through 5 for rhesus monkey discs (T9–L1) and 2 through 5 for the human discs (T12–S1). In both rhesus monkey and human discs, presence of distinct lesions was positively associated with Thompson grade of the overall segment. Degenerative patterns differed for radial tears, which were more prevalent with advanced disc degeneration in humans only. Additionally, compared to the more uniform anteroposterior disc degeneration patterns of humans, rhesus monkeys showed more severe osteophytosis and degeneration on the anterior border of the vertebral column. Conclusions Rhesus monkey spines evaluated in the present study appear to develop age-related patterns of disc degeneration similar to humans. One exception is the absence of an association between radial tears and disc degeneration, which could reflect species-specific differences in posture and spinal curvature. Considering rhesus monkeys demonstrate similar patterns of disc degeneration, and age at a faster rate than humans, these findings suggest longitudinal studies of rhesus monkeys may be a valuable model for better understanding the progression of human age-related spinal osteoarthritis (OA) and disc degeneration.
Immune regulation by cannabinoid compounds through the inhibition of the cyclic AMP signaling cascade and altered gene expression.

Abstract Immune modulation by cannabinoid compounds, although established for several decades, has remained up until recently mechanistically obscure. The identification of a novel class of G-protein coupled receptors that negatively regulate the cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cAMP) cascade, bind cannabinoids, and are expressed on cells within the immune system has provided new insights into the mechanism for their biologic activity. Although the role of the cAMP cascade in the regulation of immune responses is itself highly controversial, a number of laboratories recently demonstrated that aberrant regulation of this signaling pathway leads to alterations in the expression of critical immunoregulatory genes, cell cycle arrest, and decreased immune function. This profile of effects is strikingly similar to that which is induced in leukocytes in the presence of cannabinoid compounds. In the present commentary, a putative mechanism of immune regulation by cannabinoids is proposed. This mechanism is discussed in the context of decreased cAMP signaling, the transcription factors that are consequently adversely regulated, and immunologically relevant genes that ultimately exhibit altered expression.
Remotely sensed specific humidity: Development of a derived product from the GOES Imager channel 3

The analytic expression relating GOES-E/W channel 3 water-vapor radiance to relative humidity is used along with upper-troposphere temperature observations to derive a high horizontal resolution brightness temperature product that correlates well with measured specific humidity. Moisture information in raw water-vapor images is obscured by strong horizontal temperature gradients in the upper troposphere. This information is exposed in the derived product. Our results illustrate that the ability to remotely sense and resolve differences in water-vapor content increases with atmospheric dryness.
Simple model of pion-nucleon elastic scattering

A nonstatic model for elastic pion-nucleon scattering is developed using knowledge of the analytic structure of the scattering amplitude and partial wave $\frac{N}{D}$ dispersion techniques. In $S$, $D$, and $F$ partial wave channels the model is equivalent to a separable potential model which includes the coupling to inelastic channels. In $P$-wave channels the nucleon pole which arises from absorption and emission of the pion is included. A more general model which incorporates both a nucleon pole term and a separable potential term is developed for the ${P}_{11}$ channel. This model is capable of reproducing the change of sign which is present in the ${P}_{11}$ phase shifts. The necessary information concerning the coupling of the inelastic scattering to the elastic scattering is taken from the experimentally determined phase shifts as input. If simple kinematic factors are included explicitly, quite simple analytic functions for the form factors in the model are able to reproduce the experimental phase shifts for pion laboratory kinetic energies up to 1.2 GeV. The model produces off-shell behavior which is different from previous models. In particular, the inclusion of the nucleon pole alters substantially the range of the interaction in all $P$-wave channels.
A note on the genome scan meta-analysis statistic.

Summary Wise and colleagues (Ann. Hum. Genet. (1999) 63: 263-72) introduced a rank-based statistical technique for meta-analysis of genome scans, the Genome Scan Meta-Analysis (GSMA) method. We provide an alternative derivation of the null distribution of the GSMA statistic, with extensions, and we suggest approximations to the distribution of the GSMA statistic that may be useful in applications.
New Onset Atrial Fibrillation Developing in Medical Inpatients

Abstract Background The outcome of patients who develop new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after admission to an Internal Medicine service for acute medical illnesses is unknown. Methods In a retrospective review, we compared patients in the study group: patients who were admitted to hospital for acute medical illnesses and subsequently developed new onset AF during hospitalization, with a control group 1: patients whose admitting diagnosis was new onset AF and a control group 2: patients who were admitted for acute medical illnesses and never developed AF. We analyzed clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality rate during the first 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year after admission. Results The 1-year mortality rates in study group were significantly higher than control group 1 (62% versus 8%, P P P = 0.023) and 18.33 ( P = 0.001) for AF and acute medical illnesses, respectively, indicating that acute medical illness is the better predictor for mortality. Troponin I levels were elevated in 46% of patients in study group versus 12% in control group 1 and 42% in control group 2 ( P Conclusions Medical inpatients who develop new onset AF during hospitalization for acute medical illnesses have an increased mortality when compared with patients who were admitted solely for new onset AF. Acute medical illness rather than AF plays a more important role on the increased mortality in this subset of patient population.
The NDR/LATS Family Kinase Cbk1 Directly Controls Transcriptional Asymmetry

Cell fate can be determined by asymmetric segregation of gene expression regulators. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factor Ace2 accumulates specifically in the daughter cell nucleus, where it drives transcription of genes that are not expressed in the mother cell. The NDR/LATS family protein kinase Cbk1 is required for Ace2 segregation and function. Using peptide scanning arrays, we determined Cbk1′s phosphorylation consensus motif, the first such unbiased approach for an enzyme of this family, showing that it is a basophilic kinase with an unusual preference for histidine −5 to the phosphorylation site. We found that Cbk1 phosphorylates such sites in Ace2, and that these modifications are critical for Ace2′s partitioning and function. Using proteins marked with GFP variants, we found that Ace2 moves from isotropic distribution to the daughter cell nuclear localization, well before cytokinesis, and that the nucleus must enter the daughter cell for Ace2 accumulation to occur. We found that Cbk1, unlike Ace2, is restricted to the daughter cell. Using both in vivo and in vitro assays, we found that two critical Cbk1 phosphorylations block Ace2′s interaction with nuclear export machinery, while a third distal modification most likely acts to increase the transcription factor's activity. Our findings show that Cbk1 directly controls Ace2, regulating the transcription factor's activity and interaction with nuclear export machinery through three phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, Cbk1 exhibits a novel specificity that is likely conserved among related kinases from yeast to metazoans. Cbk1 is functionally restricted to the daughter cell, and cannot diffuse from the daughter to the mother. In addition to providing a mechanism for Ace2 segregation, these findings show that an isotropically distributed cell fate determinant can be asymmetrically partitioned in cytoplasmically contiguous cells through spatial segregation of a regulating protein kinase.
Ferroelectricity induced by incommensurate magnetism (invited)

Ferroelectricity has been found to occur in several insulating systems, such as TbMnO3 and Ni3V2O8 which have more than one phase with incommensurately modulated long-range magnetic order. Here we give a phenomenological model which relates the symmetries of the magnetic structure as obtained from neutron diffraction to the development and orientation of a spontaneous ferroelectric moment induced by the magnetic ordering. This model leads directly to the formulation of a microscopic spin-phonon interaction which explains the observed phenomena. The results are given in terms of gradients of the exchange tensor with respect to generalized displacements for the specific example of NVO. It is assumed that these gradients will now be the target of first-principles calculations using the LDA+U or related schemes.
STR data for the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus and Profiler loci from Taiwan.

Abstract Allele frequencies for the 15 STRs included in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus and Profiler kit (D3S1358, VWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, THO1, FGA, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317 and D7S820) were obtained from a sample of 597 unrelated individuals living in Taiwan. All loci, except for D8S1179 and D5S818, are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
Trinomials with non-conjugate roots of the same prime order

Abstract An example is given in which a trinomial over GF(2) of degree less than a Mersenne prime M has non-conjugate roots of order M.
Explicit Iterative Constructions of Normal Bases and Completely Free Elements in Finite Fields

A characterization of normal bases and complete normal bases in GF(qrn) over GF(q), whereq> 1 is any prime power,ris any prime number different from the characteristic of GF(q), andn? 1 is any integer, leads to a general construction scheme of series (vn)n?0in GF(qr∞) ? ?ni?0GF(?qrn) having the property that the partial sumswn? ?ni?0viare free or completely free in GF(qrn) over GF(q), depending on the choice ofvn.In the case whereris an odd prime divisor ofq? 1 or wherer= 2 andq? 1 mod 4, for any integern? 1, all free and completely free elements in GF(qrn) over GF(q) are explicitly determined in terms of certain roots of unity.In the case wherer= 2 andq? 3 mod 4, for anyn? 1, in terms of certain roots of unity, an explicit recursive construction for free and completely free elements in GF(q2n) over GF(q) is given.As an example, for a particular series of completely free elements the corresponding minimal polynomials are given explicitly.
Collaboration with distributed teams

To ensure the benefits of collaborating in distributed UX teams outweigh the costs, keep these seven best practices in mind.
Determination of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols with a heavy matrix of cellulose by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy

Abstract A microwave digestion method followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis was developed to determine trace metal concentrations in atmospheric aerosol samples with a heavy matrix of cellulose material. A combination of HF–HNO 3 –H 2 O 2 –H 3 BO 3 was used for digestion. The background spectral features contributed by the matrix elements were studied. In particular, spectral and non-spectral interference caused by B and F were investigated. Detection limits of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb and Pb were determined in the presence of various amounts of matrix elements. In general, the detection limits of most elements degraded with an increase in B and F. Vanadium (V) suffered most due to severe spectral interference from 11 B 40 Ar + and/or 19 F 16 O 16 O. The concentrations of elements in filter paper matrix blanks were measured. An NIST standard (urban particulate matter, 1648), as well as real world atmospheric aerosol samples from Whiteface Mountain, NY, and from Mayville, NY were pressed into pellets with a great amount of cellulose filter material and digested, and the concentrations of trace metals were determined. For the NIST standard, the recoveries of V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Sb and Pb were over 90%, while 77 and 70% for Cr and Se, respectively. For the atmospheric aerosol samples from Whiteface Mountain and Mayville, NY, only the values of Fe, Se, As, Sb and Zn could be compared with those obtained through instrumental neutron activation analysis, and the agreement was within ±10%.
Enzymatic sulfation of steroids: I. The enzymatic basis for the sex difference in cortisol sulfation by rat liver preparations.

Liver cytosols from female rats contained 6–8 times as much cortisol sulfotransferase activity as those from males. The reaction product, with both sexes, appeared to be cortisol-21-sulfate. Liver cytosols from male and female rats showed different substrate preferences when tested with cortisol, estradiol-17β, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone, suggesting that they contained different steroid sulfotransferases. Fractionation of cytosols from female rats on DEAE Sephadex A-50 columns resolved 3 steroid sulfotransferases, or families of steroid sulfotransferases (STI, STII, and STIII). These enzymes exhibited different substrate preferences. STI and STIII had the greatest preferences for cortisol, although none of the enzymes was restricted to the glucocorticoid. Fractionation of cytosols from males resolved 2 sulfotransferases which eluted at salt concentrations identical to STII and STIII from females. Study of the development of cortisol sulfotransferase activity with age showed little enzyme act...
Structural and Dynamic Features of Alzheimer's Aβ Peptide in Amyloid Fibrils Studied by Site-directed Spin Labeling

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of 19 spin-labeled derivatives of the Alzheimer's amyloid β (Aβ) peptide was used to reveal structural features of amyloid fibril formation. In the fibril, extensive regions of the peptide show an in-register, parallel arrangement. Based on the parallel arrangement and side chain mobility analysis we find the amyloid structure to be mostly ordered and specific, but we also identify more dynamic regions (N and C termini) and likely turn or bend regions (around residues 23–26). Despite their different aggregation properties and roles in disease, the two peptides, Aβ40 and Aβ42, homogeneously co-mix in amyloid fibrils suggesting that they possess the same structural architecture.
Scheduling and machining of jobs through parallel nonidentical machine cells

Abstract Process planning and scheduling are two functions commonly encountered in any manufacturing system. Despite the well recognized interdependencies between them, research in these areas have progressed separately as if there is virtually no relationship between the two. The result of such separate development in terms of manufacturing systems planning can lead to the adoption of policies that are far from optimal. In this paper, a modelling approach that integrates the functions of job scheduling and process planning in cells with parallel and nonidentical machine groups is presented. A heuristic algorithm is developed that allocates the jobs to machines while at the same time generates the best machining parameters to use for each job in order not to violate any job and machine related restrictions. The basis of optimization is the minimization of total manufacturing cost.
Application of alkynyliodonium salts to natural products synthesis: a mini-review of recent work at Penn State

Total syntheses of the polycyclic natural products agelastatin A and pareitropone have been accomplished through the agency of alkynyliodonium salts. A review of these efforts, which emphasizes the value of hypervalent iodine chemistry in raising the molecular complexity of substrates upon chemical transformation, follows.
An Exploration of the Quotidian: Wilkinson Blender Architects

(2009). An Exploration of the Quotidian: Wilkinson Blender Architects. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 78-84.
Automobile Drivers' Perceptions of Service Quality on Urban Streets

The Highway Capacity and Quality of Service Committee of TRB, which oversees the development of the Highway Capacity Manual, has formally recognized a need to improve the current level-of-service (LOS) methodologies. Among the concerns about the methodologies is the extent to which LOS estimates correspond to road users' perceptions. In recognition of these concerns, the objectives of this study were to (a) develop and test a methodology to obtain drivers' opinions with regard to urban street quality of service (QOS), (b) apply the methodology to identify the factors that affect drivers' perceptions of QOS on urban streets, and (c) provide a qualitative foundation for the development of quantitative QOS tools that are based on the perceptions of drivers. This study used an in-vehicle field approach to determine the factors that affect automobile drivers' perceptions of service quality on urban streets. While driving on a preselected route, 22 participants in four cities were asked to speak aloud about the...
Martian North Polar Cap Recession: 2000 Mars Orbiter Camera Observations

Abstract The wide-angle cameras of the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) on the Mars Global Surveyor have recorded the 2000 recession of the seasonal CO 2 cap in the north polar region from L S =330° to 90°. In stark contrast to the asymmetric behavior of the south seasonal cap, the seasonal north cap remains relatively circular and uniform until mid-spring when the retreat reaches the circum-polar dune field, which is the one major nonuniformity in the cap. The recession of cap edge latitude versus areocentric longitude ( L S ) is very well represented as a linear function until late spring; there is no evidence for the plateau or standstill in the recession curve that has been observed in some prior years. The Lambert albedo of the seasonal frost deposits in the north polar region demonstrates the increase with insolation first observed by Paige in 1985, increasing to approximately 0.57 at L S =40°. The north polar cap near solstice visually appears smaller than that observed by MOC at the start of mapping in 1999, but later images acquired in summer show the residual cap returning to its more usual shape. The most likely explanation for these changes in albedo is precipitation and subsequent removal of dust on the cap as a result of frequent dust storms near the cap edge.
The psychological benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: A review of the literature

A review of the literature on the positive psychological benefits of light and moderate alcohol consumption suggests the following: (1) Alcohol in moderate amounts is effective in reducing stress. This has been found in both physiologic and self-report measures. (2) Low and moderate doses of alcohol have been reported to increase overall affective expression, happiness, euphoria, conviviality and pleasant and carefree feelings. Tension, depression and self-consciousness have been reported to decrease with equal doses. (3) Low alcohol doses have been found to improve certain types of cognitive performance. Included here are problem-solving and short-term memory. (4) Heavy drinkers and abstainers have higher rates of clinical depression than do regular moderate drinkers. (5) Alcohol in low and moderate doses has been effective in the treatment of geropsychiatric problems. As indicated in the text, results from many of the studies reviewed suggest that light or moderate drinking may be beneficial to psychological well-being. Liber (N. Engl. J. Med., 310(13) (1984) 846) has commented that the subject of control of alcohol intake evokes strong emotional responses, which can overshadow a logical assessment of whether or not to include 'healthy' drinking in a dietary plan. It is hoped that this review of data from available research can help provide a basis for making such an assessment.
Direct correlation function for the square-well potential.

An analytical expression of direct correlation function (DCF) for the square-well potential is developed. The development is based on the first-order mean spherical approximation and its extension to the functionality of the existing radial distribution function. The developed DCF is a combination of a special polynomial function introduced in this work. The combination is piecewise in four regions [0,λ−1], [λ−1,2−λ], [2−λ,1], and [1,λ] for λ 1.5. In addition, the DCF is continuous to second-order inside hard core and discontinuous at r=1 and r=λ outside it. The behavior of DCF is analyzed by some detail calculations.
Maternal warmth as a protective factor against risks associated with peer rejection among children

This study examined the relationship among children's sociometric status, qualities of mother-child interaction, and children's adjustment in first grade. Eighty-one 6-year-old children and their mothers participated in laboratory play interactions the summer before the children entered first grade. The interactions were coded later for warmth and control on the part of both mother and child. During the fall, the first graders were given individual sociometric interviews, and children were classified as popular, average, neglected, and rejected. During the spring, teacher ratings of child behavior problems and child competence were collected. Results showed that although maternal warmth and children's sociometric status were unrelated, both were significantly related to behavior problems and competencies in school. Children who were rejected by their peers and whose interactions with their mothers were low in warmth were rated by teachers as having more behavior problems and as less competent in certain respects than other rejected children; the children characterized by peer rejection and low maternal warmth also gave self-reports of their own social acceptance and cognitive competence that were more discrepant from objective information than did other rejected children. These effects either did not occur or were less pronounced within the group of children who were not rejected by their peers. Results were thus consistent with the idea that high maternal warmth served as a protective factor against adjustment difficulties associated with peer rejection.
The design of analog self-checking circuits

In this paper we introduce a new class of analog circuits, self-checking analog circuits. We develop and discuss methods to design members of this new class. We target the class of fully differential analog circuits and use the inherent dual-rail code to develop self-checking circuits. We describe the design of a self-checking operational amplifier and the associated subcircuits. Our methodology has wide application as many analog circuits already are or can be transformed into fully differential circuits. >
P1-S5.01 Heterosexual Anal Sex, Lubrication, HIV, and HSV-2 infection among women

Background Anal intercourse (AI) is associated with increased HIV and STI risk. Anal douching and use of AI lubrication may increase susceptibility to infection and may influence results of trials of microbicides for HIV prevention through effects on the rectal environment and on adherence to investigational microbicidal products. We measured the frequency of heterosexual AI, anal practices and lubricant use and their association with HIV and HSV-2 infection among women. Methods Between October 2008 and June 2009, we recruited women age 18 years and older in Los Angeles. At the enrolment visit and at the 12-month visit, participants underwent a self-administered, web-based questionnaire covering demographic factors, sexual Behaviours, and anal practices. HSV-2 was diagnosed by IgG ELISA, and HIV was diagnosed by rapid ELISA with confirmation by Western blot. Here we report data collected during the enrolment visit. Results We enrolled 141 women (34% identified as White, 40% Black, 26% Hispanic; the median age was 33 years (IQR=25–44)). Overall, 71% reported ever having AI, and 8% reported AI as current means of contraception. Overall, 18% reported AI over the past month, and among these women, the median number of monthly AI acts was 2 (IQR=1–3), 50% reported unprotected AI, 8% reported anal douching, and 58% reported using lubricant during AI. Commercial lubricants (38%), saliva (23%), petroleum jelly (15%), and lotion (12%) were the most commonly reported lubricants. The prevalence of HIV was 27% and HSV-2 was 57%. In multivariable analysis, AI was associated with testing positive for HIV (aOR=7.8 (95% CI=1.6 to 37.6)) and HSV-2 infection (aOR=3.3 (95% CI=1.2 to 9.1)) controlling for age, race, and lifetime sexual partners. Conclusion AI is associated with HSV-2 and HIV infection, and anal douching and use of anal lubricating products not specifically designed for intercourse is common among women. The frequency and health effects of anal practices and lubricants warrant further study.
THE NATURE OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT‐INDUCED STRAND BREAKAGE IN DNA CONTAINING BROMOURACIL

— Single-strand breaks are produced in the phosphodiester backbone of ultraviolet-light-irradiated 5–bromodeoxyuridine-containing DNA (BU-DNA) after treatment with alkali. No radiation dependent breakage is observed in thymine-containing DNA (thy-DNA). The relative yields of breaks terminated by 5′-hydroxyl and 5′-phosphate groups was determined by measuring the rate of phosphorylation achieved with polynucleotide kinase in BU-DNA single strands before and after treatment with alkaline phosphatase. The ratio of 5′-phosphate to 5′ hydroxyl groups ranged from 2.3 to 2.9 in different experiments. When cysteamine was present during irradiation no new end groups were produced. In order to identify the nucleoside(s) at the 5′-termini, phosphate groups were removed with alkaline phosphatase and the 5′-hydroxyl groups were phosphorylated with polynucleotide kinase. Electrophoresis of enzymatic digests showed a single 32P-labeled component migrating more rapidly than any of the four usual 5′-mononucleotides. Upon column chromatography this component resolved into a major peak coincident with 5′-dUMP and a lesser unidentified constituent. No 5′-dBUM32P was observed among these nucleotides.