cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the VTA and nucleus accumbens after cocaine exposure: When, how, and why?

In animal models of drug addiction, cocaine exposure has been shown to increase levels of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in two brain regions that are critical for motivation and reward - the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This review compares CP-AMPAR plasticity in the two brain regions and addresses its functional significance. In VTA dopamine neurons, cocaine exposure results in synaptic insertion of high conductance CP-AMPARs in exchange for lower conductance calcium-impermeable AMPARs (CI-AMPARs). This plasticity is rapid (hours), GluA2-dependent, and can be observed with a single cocaine injection. In addition to strengthening synapses and altering Ca2+ signaling, CP-AMPAR insertion affects subsequent induction of plasticity at VTA synapses. However, CP-AMPAR insertion is unlikely to mediate the increased dopamine cell activity that occurs during early withdrawal from cocaine exposure. Within the VTA, the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 exerts a negative influence on CP-AMPAR accumulation. Acutely, mGluR1 stimulation elicits a form of LTD resulting from CP-AMPAR removal and CI-AMPAR insertion. In medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the NAc, extended access cocaine self-administration is required to increase CP-AMPAR levels. This is first detected after approximately a month of withdrawal and then persists. Once present in NAc synapses, CP-AMPARs mediate the expression of incubation of cue-induced cocaine craving. The mechanism of their accumulation may be GluA1-dependent, which differs from that observed in the VTA. However, similar to VTA, mGluR1 stimulation removes CP-AMPARs from MSN synapses. Loss of mGluR1 tone during cocaine withdrawal may contribute to CP-AMPAR accumulation in the NAc. Thus, results in both brain regions point to the possibility of using positive modulators of mGluR1 as a treatment for cocaine addiction.
Computing call-blocking probabilities in LEO satellite constellations

We present an analytical model for computing call-blocking probabilities in a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite network that carries voice calls. Both satellite-fixed and Earth-fixed constellations with interorbit links and handoffs are considered. We assume a single beam per satellite. Also, we assume that call arrivals are Poisson with a fixed arrival rate that is independent of the geographic area. The model is analyzed approximately by decomposing it into subsystems. Each subsystem is solved in isolation exactly using a Markov process and the individual results are combined together through an iterative method. Numerical results demonstrate that our method is accurate for a wide range of traffic patterns. We also derive an upper and lower bound for the link-blocking probabilities that can be computed efficiently. These bounds can be used for constellations of realistic size where each satellite has multiple beams.
Argatroban for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Hepato-Renal Failure and CVVHD

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of significant hepatic and renal failure with the use of argatroban in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) requiring continuous veno-veno hemodialysis (CVVHD).CASE SUMMARY:A 37-year-old Hispanic man with diabetes mellitus, ethanol abuse, and recent crank use developed a venous thrombosis and possible pulmonary embolism, followed by acute liver and renal failure requiring continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. After several days of heparin therapy, the dialyzer circuit thrombosed and the platelet count decreased to 82 times 103/mm3. Antibodies for HIT by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were positive. Heparin was discontinued, and an argatroban infusion was initiated. After 39 hours on argatroban, the infusion was stopped when minor bleeding was observed with a concurrent activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 100 seconds. The dialyzer circuit did not clot during the argatroban infusion and did not apparently influence dose-related aPTT measurements. S...
Child abuse and the balance of power in parental relationships: an evolved domain-independent mental mechanism that accounts for behavioral variation

Previous studies use zero-order analyses to show a link between child abuse and exposure to "stepfathers." These studies rest on a proposed evolved, domain-specific cognitive mechanism that induces adult males to abuse or kill offspring not their own and, so, contribute directly to reproductive success. However, child abuse may reflect an evolved neurological mechanism that creates behavioral plasticity and adaptability by assigning emotional weights (which in consciousness appear rationalized as costs and benefits) to choice alternatives in all behavioral domains. This mechanism should act as a selective mechanism to create enhanced ability to avoid predation (social exploitation) and to obtain access to resources, given the properties of specific ecosystems, and should control behavioral responses to variation in the balance of power in social relationships. Power equalities should elicit good treatment for both parties; power inequalities, by contrast, should elicit exploitative and coercive behavior on the part of those who hold the balance of power. This paper reports a test of both hypotheses simultaneously, controlling for a standard social science risk factor (growing up in poverty). Once we control for the balance of power in parental relationships, exposure to a stepfather and growing up in poverty show no effect on the intensity of child abuse. Powerful women negotiated affectionate behavior from their partners for both themselves and their children; powerless women's negotiations with partners usually left both themselves and their children open to violence.
Automated extraction of chemical structure information from digital raster images

To search for chemical structures in research articles, diagrams or text representing molecules need to be translated to a standard chemical file format compatible with cheminformatic search engines. Nevertheless, chemical information contained in research articles is often referenced as analog diagrams of chemical structures embedded in digital raster images. To automate analog-to-digital conversion of chemical structure diagrams in scientific research articles, several software systems have been developed. But their algorithmic performance and utility in cheminformatic research have not been investigated. This paper aims to provide critical reviews for these systems and also report our recent development of ChemReader – a fully automated tool for extracting chemical structure diagrams in research articles and converting them into standard, searchable chemical file formats. Basic algorithms for recognizing lines and letters representing bonds and atoms in chemical structure diagrams can be independently run in sequence from a graphical user interface-and the algorithm parameters can be readily changed-to facilitate additional development specifically tailored to a chemical database annotation scheme. Compared with existing software programs such as OSRA, Kekule, and CLiDE, our results indicate that ChemReader outperforms other software systems on several sets of sample images from diverse sources in terms of the rate of correct outputs and the accuracy on extracting molecular substructure patterns. The availability of ChemReader as a cheminformatic tool for extracting chemical structure information from digital raster images allows research and development groups to enrich their chemical structure databases by annotating the entries with published research articles. Based on its stable performance and high accuracy, ChemReader may be sufficiently accurate for annotating the chemical database with links to scientific research articles.
Facial Feature Tracking using a Multi-State Hierarchical Shape Model under Varying Face Pose and Facial Expression

This paper presents a multi-state hierarchical approach for facial feature tracking. A hierarchical formulation of statistical shape models is proposed to characterize both global shape constraints of human faces and local structural details of facial components. Gabor wavelets and gray level profiles are integrated for effective and efficient representation of feature points. Furthermore, multi-state local shape models are presented to deal with shape variations of facial components. Meanwhile, face pose estimation helps improve shape constraints for the feature search. Both facial component states and feature point positions are dynamically estimated using a multi-modal tracking approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately and robustly tracks facial features under different facial expressions and pose variations.
Habitat and Avian Diversity on Strip-Mined Land in East-Central Illinois

In the past many studies of bird populations have concentrated on describing species composition and population sizes of avian aggregations. These studies usually included brief descriptions of the vegetation type in the areas under study. Recently, new analyses of population studies have been made in an effort to increase our understanding of the relationships between avian diversity and habitat structure and how these are related to latitudinal gradients in diversity (MacArthur and MacArthur 1961; MacArthur et al. 1966). Another area of intensive research has been in ecological energetics. Most studies concerned with this have been conducted using caged birds. There have been few attempts to integrate these two approaches. Margalef (1961) has stated that there are two approaches to the study of ecosystems, including one concerned with biomass, production, and energy, and another concerned with community structure. I contend that an integration of the two approaches can be both rewarding and informative. Although structural analyses are emphasized in this report, some relationships between the two approaches are explored.
Insight and inspiration of clinical study safety reporting system of Europe and United Stats pharmaceutical enterprises

With the purpose of studying and obtaining an insight into the Clinical Study Safety Reporting System of EU and US pharmaceutical enterprises,we have made the information retrieval,collection,sorting,analysis,and sum up of the Clinical Study Safety Reporting System of EU and US pharmaceutical enterprises.It is found that pharmaceutical enterprises play an important role in EU and US Clincal Study Safety Surveilance System as the sponsors;the adverse events categorization and reporting methods,Expedited Reporting System and Aggregate Reporting System facilitate the stages for the enterprise's safety surveilance performance,which are of great value for learning and reference.
Consumer's Perceptual Demand-based Research on the Material Selection of Product form

Based on Kansei engineering and consumer's appearance texture feeling preference,this thesis has developed a research process and method,taking mobile phone for example.First,the elements of texture were selected and the mobile phone 3d sculptures of different texture were made using the 3Ds Max.The evaluation image words were finally established through the survey of the texture preference images which was analyzed based on selected rules.Then,data of preference evaluation to different texture was got through questionnaires from customers.The relationship between image words with different textures was revealed using correspondence analysis way,the consumers' preference images from texture were explained.Last,a consumer's preference model of different texture was constructed using the optimal scale regression method,and the validity of the model was confirmed.
Anuria secondary to renal artery obstruction in a solitary kidney: 9-year followup.

AbstractA patient with a prior nephrectomy for renovascular hypertension experienced complete anuria secondary to renal artery occlusion. Revascularization 75 hours later resulted in prompt diuresis, recovery of renal function and a 9-year survival. Serial preoperative renal function studies are presented. Deterioration of renal function and recurrent hypertension are believed to have heralded the onset of arterial obstruction to a solitary kidney. The literature concerning the etiology of renal artery occlusion and the rationale for therapy are reviewed.
Pneumoretinopessia nel distacco retinico primario

Nel panorama delle tecniche di trattamento del distacco retinico, la pneumoretinopessia occupa sicuramente un posto accanto all’indentazione e alla vitrectomia primaria. e evidente che, nella maggior parte delle situazioni cliniche, la pneumoretinopessia ha un minor tasso di successo anatomico primario, quale singola procedura, rispetto alle altre tecniche.Discutendo col paziente il consenso informato, nella descrizione di rischi e benefici delle varie opzioni terapeutiche, la pneumoretinopessia presenta dei punti di forza. I pazienti la scelgono frequentemente a dispetto della minor probabilita di successo, indotti dalla prospettiva di minore dolore, minor durata dell’assenza dal lavoro e dalle proprie attivita, ridotti rischi chirurgici e costi inferiori. e percio ragionevole tentare in prima battuta,quando le condizioni siano favorevoli, la pneumoretinopessia, e procedere quindi alle tecniche episclerale e alla vitrectomia nel caso di un suo fallimento. Il tasso finale complessivo di successo delle tre procedure, con i re-interventi, e equivalente. Possiamo percio concludere che, nel trattamento del distacco retinico, la pneumoretinopessia dovrebbe far parte del bagaglio culturale di ogni chirurgo vitreoretinico.
Physico-Chemical Controls on Seawater

The physical–chemical controls on seawater can be attributed to the effect that the composition of the major components have on the thermodynamics and kinetics of processes in the oceans. In this chapter, an earlier review on the experimental and modeling work that has been done on how the major components of seawater control rates and equilibria of processes in the oceans has been updated. The effect of major components on the physical–chemical properties of seawater, the carbonate system in the oceans and the effect of ocean acidification on speciation of metals in seawater has been emphasized.
A Representation of 2-dimensional Pseudomanifolds and its use in the Design of a Linear-Time Shelling Algorithm

A shelling of a d-dimensional pseudomanifold is an arrangement of its d-cells in a sequence such that each cell after the first intersects the union of its predecessors in a (d-l)-ball, except that the final intersection may be a (d-l)-sphere. When d ≥ 3, it is unknown whether shellability can be tested in polynomial time. However, it is shown here that when d = 2, there is a linear-time algorithm that not merely tests for shellability but actually finds a maximal partial shelling S; by a basic result, S is a shelling or the 2-pseudomanifold is not shellable. The algorithm is based on a special representation of 2-pseudomanifolds that can be produced in linear time and may be of interest in itself.
Time-filtered leapfrog integration of Maxwell equations using unstaggered temporal grids

A finite-difference time-domain method for integration of Maxwell equations is presented. The computational algorithm is based on the leapfrog time stepping scheme with unstaggered temporal grids. It uses a fourth-order implicit time filter that reduces computational modes and fourth-order finite difference approximations for spatial derivatives. The method can be applied within both staggered and collocated spatial grids. It has the advantage of allowing explicit treatment of terms involving electric current density and application of selective numerical smoothing which can be used to smooth out errors generated by finite differencing. In addition, the method does not require iteration of the electric constitutive relation in nonlinear electromagnetic propagation problems. The numerical method is shown to be effective and stable when employed within Perfectly Matched Layers (PML). Stability analysis demonstrates that the proposed method is effective in stabilizing and controlling numerical instabilities of computational modes arising in wave propagation problems with physical damping and artificial smoothing terms while maintaining higher accuracy for the physical modes. Comparison of simulation results obtained from the proposed method and those computed by the classical time filtered leapfrog, where Maxwell equations are integrated for a lossy medium, within PML regions and for Kerr-nonlinear media show that the proposed method is robust and accurate. The performance of the computational algorithm is also verified by analyzing parametric four wave mixing in an optical nonlinear Kerr medium. The algorithm is found to accurately predict frequencies and amplitudes of nonlinearly converted waves under realistic conditions proposed in the literature.
Heat conduction through edge sections with convective boundary conditions

A technique is presented for determining the two-dimensional temperature distribution and rate of heat transfer in bodies subjected to convective boundary conditions. The bodies are simulated by electrically conducting paper; the boundary conditions are simulated by variable resistors which are connected to the paper. The technique was applied to edge sections with convective boundary conditions and convenient factors were determined to permit the rapid calculation of heat transfer through edge sections.
Bargaining When Only One Player Can Make Proposals

I consider a bargaining game in which, unlike the standard economic bargaining game (e.g. Rubenstein, 1982), only one player can make proposals. I also assume that the space of proposals is finite. Thus, the game is akin to (i) a CEO’s proposing a hire who must be okayed by a board of directors, or (ii) the U.S. president’s proposing a judge or cabinet member, who must be okayed by the Senate. I derive an algorithm that finds the unique subgame-perfect equilibrium to the game. As the algorithm reveals, a surprising aspect of the game is that only the wait costs of the non-proposer are relevant. The wait costs of the proposer are irrelevant. My review of the literature suggests that this result holds more generally: In bargaining games the patience of the proposer seems to be less important than the patience of the other players.
Humor as Clap Back in Lucille Clifton’s Poetry

A prolific but neglected writer, African-American poet Lucille Sayles Clifton has penned a memoir, several books of poetry, and work for school-age children. Clifton often uses humor in response to others’ depictions or criticisms of her. In this manner, she not only rejects any attempts to undermine the spaces she occupies as poet and as woman, she also uses those attempts to strengthen her own position(s). For example, in one poem, Clifton advises her offspring: “children / when they ask you/why is your mother so funny / tell them, she is a poet / she ain’t got no sense.” Claiming senselessness as a suit of armor, the poet is now free to continue her work. This essay will show how Clifton uses humor, irony, and snippets from history throughout her work to admonish the male species, to pay homage to her hips and assert the transgressive black body, and to celebrate the reality of her life despite the fact that “everyday something has tried to kill me.”
Curvature Characterization of Compact Hermitian Symmetric Spaces

In the study of complex manifolds the following conjecture is a well-known and natural analog of the elliptic case of the uniformization theorem.
Predicting readmission risk shortly after admission for CABG surgery

BACKGROUND Reducing preventable hospital readmissions after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has become a national priority. Predictive models can be used to identify patients at high risk for readmission. However, the majority of the existing models are based on data available at discharge. We sought to develop a model to predict hospital readmission using data available soon after admission for isolated CABG surgery. METHODS Fifty risk factors were included in a bivariate analysis, 16 of which were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with readmissions and were entered into a multivariate logistic regression and removed stepwise, using backward elimination procedures. The derived model was then validated on 896 prospective isolated CABG cases. RESULTS Of 2589 isolated CABG patients identified between December 1, 2010, and June 30, 2014, 237(9.15%) were readmitted within 30 days. Five risk factors were predictive of 30-day all-cause readmission: age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.05; P = 0.004), prior heart failure (OR = 1.55; 95%CI: 1.07-2.24; P = 0.020), total albumin prior to surgery (OR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.05-0.94; P = 0.021), previous myocardial infarction (OR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.00-2.08; P = 0.50), and history of diabetes (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.09-2.19; P = 0.015). The area under the curve c-statistic was 0.63 in the derivation sample and 0.65 in the validation sample showing good discrimination. CONCLUSIONS A 30-day all-cause readmission among isolated CABG patients can be predicted soon after admission with a small number of risk factors.
From Al-Itihaad to Al-Shabaab: how the Ethiopian intervention and the ‘War on Terror’ exacerbated the conflict in Somalia

External intervention has frustrated and continues to frustrate peace and stability in the Horn of Africa and Somalia, adding various adverse layers to an already complicated and complex conflict. ...
Plastics and Composites from Soybean Oil

Useful composite matrix materials have been prepared from a series of soybean oils. Their properties are primarily affected by crosslink density. The utility of these resins was demonstrated on two series of laminates prepared from two types of polyols and several types of reinforcements: glass fabric, carbon fiber, polyester, and cotton and jute fabrics. Polyurethane matrix resins are a viable alternative to epoxy and polyester matrix resins and they are already being used commercially in selected farm combine and automotive applications.
ROCKWELL AIM 65/AIM 680 APPLICATIONS IN DISTRIBUTED PROCESS CONTROL

The purpose of this paper is to provide a representative approach to the implementation of Rockwell AIM 65 and AIM 680 as a tool for various types of applications in distributed process control. A number of applications have been identified by Rafiquzzaman [1] for applying AIM 65 in process control under the following configurations: (1) AIM 65 with one card add-on module; (2) AIM 65 with a four slot card cage. The applications presented in this paper involves systems in which a number of AIM 65 and AIM 680's are linked together through a data hiway to form a distributed control system. This system can then be supervised by another AIM 680 as a host for optimization etc.
"It's a disease of families": Neurologists' insights on how to improve communication and quality of life for families of Parkinson's disease patients.

ObjectivesParkinson’s disease presents an evolving challenge for patients and families due to an unpredictable disease trajectory and symptoms that complicate social interactions. In this study, we...
Systems structural biology measurements by in vivo cross-linking with mass spectrometry.

This protocol describes a workflow for utilizing large-scale cross-linking with mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to make systems-level structural biology measurements in complex biological samples, including cells, isolated organelles, and tissue samples. XL-MS is a structural biology technique that provides information on the molecular structure of proteins and protein complexes using chemical probes that report the proximity of probe-reactive amino acids within proteins, typically lysine residues. Information gained through XL-MS studies is often complementary to more traditional methods, such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and cryo-electron microscopy. The use of MS-cleavable cross-linkers, including protein interaction reporter (PIR) technologies, enables XL-MS studies on protein structures and interactions in extremely complex biological samples, including intact living cells. PIR cross-linkers are designed to contain chemical bonds at specific locations within the cross-linker molecule that can be selectively cleaved by collision-induced dissociation or UV light. When broken, these bonds release the intact peptides that were cross-linked, as well as a reporter ion. Conservation of mass dictates that the sum of the two released peptide masses and the reporter mass equals the measured precursor mass. This relationship is used to identify cross-linked peptide pairs. Release of the individual peptides permits accurate measurement of their masses and independent amino acid sequence determination by tandem MS, allowing the use of standard proteomics search engines such as Comet for peptide sequence assignment, greatly simplifying data analysis of cross-linked peptide pairs. Search results are processed with XLinkProphet for validation and can be uploaded into XlinkDB for interaction network and structural analysis. Cross-linking with mass spectrometry (XL-MS) can reveal the topology of protein complexes. This protocol describes how to synthesize a cleavable cross-linker and use it to map protein structures and interactions within intact cells and animal tissues.
Additional Benefits of Facial Nerve Monitoring during Otologic Surgery

ObjectiveThis study assesses the role of facial nerve monitoring (FNM) for intraoperative decision making during otologic surgery and possible benefits beyond protecting facial nerve integrity.Stud...
Practice in Compound Practical Teaching Method for Information Security Major

This paper discusses the construction and improvement of the teaching system for information security major of northeastern university, including curriculum system, practice, training, graduation design and other aspects. We research the professionals teaching processes and guarantee system in information security major and practice it in daily teaching and some descriptions of the application results of this program is presented. The application results by the teaching method get good feedback.
Integration of clinical parameters, genotype and epistaxis severity score to guide treatment for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia associated bleeding

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by development of mucocutaneous telangiectases and visceral organ arteriovenous malformations, which can lead to recurrent, spontaneous bleeding and development of iron deficiency anemia. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the relationship between epistaxis severity scores (ESS), laboratory values, genotype, and phenotype in HHT. Our secondary objective was to assess efficacy of systemic antifibrinolytic therapy in reducing ESS in HHT. We conducted a retrospective review of patients seen at the UNC HHT Center from January 1, 2009 to February 28, 2015. ESS, demographics, and results of genetic testing were abstracted from the medical record. Response to antifibrinolytic therapy was evaluated by comparing pre-post ESS. One hundred and forty nine patients were eligible with 116 having genetic testing and 33 without. Age, hemoglobin and ferritin levels were predictive of ESS. Of the 116 patients that underwent genetic testing: 63 had an ACVRL1 mutation, 40 had an ENG mutation, 2 had a SMAD4 mutation, and 11 patients had no pathologic HHT genetic variation detected. Compared to patients without a detectable HHT-associated genetic variation, patients with a HHT-associated genetic variation had higher ESS scores (p 4 were started on antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or aminocaproic acid) and had a post-treatment ESS recorded. All patients had a decrease in ESS of > 0.71 (minimal meaningful difference), but patients taking antifibrinolytics displayed larger decreases. No patients on antifibrinolytics experienced a VTE with median follow up of 13 months. We demonstrate that the ESS correlates with age, hemoglobin and ferritin. Additionally, we demonstrate that HHT patients with genetic mutations have higher ESS scores. Our data demonstrate that antifibrinolytics are effective in decreasing epistaxis severity and safe with long-term use in HHT patients.
At home and online during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the relationship to alcohol consumption in a national sample of U.S. adults

Abstract Objective The current study seeks to understand the links between social media use and alcohol consumption during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Data were from the national Understanding American Study, a probability-based Internet panel weighted to represent the U.S. population. Subjects (N=5874; 51% female) were adults, 18 years and older, who completed a March survey (wave 1) and a follow-up survey one month later (wave 3). Analyses assessed the relationship of social media use at wave 1 with wave 3 alcohol use, accounting for wave 1 alcohol use and the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. We examined the effect of working or studying from home as a moderator. Results Twitter and Instagram users, but not Facebook users, drank more frequently at wave 3 than non-users. For Instagram users, more frequent alcohol use at wave 3 was at least partially attributed to the frequency of drinking at wave 1. The interaction between Twitter use and working or studying from home was statistically significant. The combination of being on Twitter and working or studying from home was associated with drinking more days a week. Conclusions Exposure to content about COVID-19 and increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic may contribute to more frequent alcohol use for some social media users, especially those sheltering at home. The study of public health messaging via social media to change alcohol use behaviors during traumatic events is warranted.
EXPERIMENTAL REVIEW OF STRUCTURES IN THE J/ψϕ MASS SPECTRUM

The discovery of numerous new charmonium-like structures since 2003 have revitalized interest in exotic meson spectroscopy. These structures do not fit easily into the conventional charmonium model, and proposals like four-quark states, hybrids and rescattering effects have been suggested as explanations. Since 2009, several new structures were reported in the J/ψϕ mass spectrum with the following characteristics: they are the first ones reported decaying into two heavy mesons which contain both a pair and a pair; and their masses are well beyond the open charm pair threshold. Conventional states with a mass beyond the J/ψϕ threshold are not expected to decay into this channel and the width is expected to be large, thus they are good candidates for exotic mesons. The focus of this paper is to review the recent developments on the structures in the J/ψϕ mass spectrum from CDF, Belle and LHCb.
Dark tourism segmentation by tourists' motivations for visiting earthquake sites in Nepal: implications for dark tourism

This study explores visitors' experiences, post-visit attitudes, and benefits in relation to dark tourism destinations. A total of 464 responses were collected at seismic memorial sites, and the re...
Cultivating a Queer Mindset: How One Elementary School Teacher is Rattling Common Sense:

Background/ContextA significant body of research on gender and sexual diversity in education has called on teachers to “move beyond inclusion” of LGBTQ+ voices in curriculum by queering their pract...
Visualizing Structure and Transitions for Biological Data Exploration

Abstract With the advent of high-throughput technologies measuring high-dimensional biological data, there is a pressing need for visualization tools that reveal the structure and emergent patterns of data in an intuitive form. We present PHATE, a visualization method that captures both local and global nonlinear structure in data by an information-geometric distance between datapoints. We perform extensive comparison between PHATE and other tools on a variety of artificial and biological datasets, and find that it consistently preserves a range of patterns in data including continual progressions, branches, and clusters. We define a manifold preservation metric DEMaP to show that PHATE produces quantitatively better denoised embeddings than existing visualization methods. We show that PHATE is able to gain unique insight from a newly generated scRNA-seq dataset of human germ layer differentiation. Here, PHATE reveals a dynamic picture of the main developmental branches in unparalleled detail, including the identification of three novel subpopulations. Finally, we show that PHATE is applicable to a wide variety of datatypes including mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, Hi-C, and gut microbiome data, where it can generate interpretable insights into the underlying systems.
What causes lingering misinterpretations of garden-path sentences: Incorrect syntactic representations or fallible memory processes?

Abstract A key question in research on sentence processing concerns how sentences that have been misanalyzed are reinterpreted, and to what extent the parser’s attempts at revision are successful. Past work has shown that misinterpretations associated with a syntactic misparse linger even after the entire sentence has been processed ( Christianson et al., 2001 , Slattery et al., 2013 ). In two reading experiments, we sought to evaluate the level of representation that is responsible for misinterpretations of garden-path sentences. We combined reading measures with an offline comprehension task, which enabled us to conditionalize reading time analyses on correct versus incorrect question-answering performance. Our results suggest that reanalysis does not always result in a correct interpretation, either because the final interpretation does not always reflect the global structure or because reanalysis processes result in the creation of licit local trees but fail to generate a complete global parse for the entire sentence.
Posterior Talar Body Fracture With Flexor Hallucis Longus Incarceration: A Case Report & Literature Review.

Case A 58-year-old man presented with entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon between fractured fragments of the talar body. The patient was successfully treated with atypical operative approaches to release the tendon and reduce the fracture. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic with the ability to extend and flex of all toes. This case illustrates a unique surgical approach for this presentation. Conclusions With proper utilization of positioning and fluoroscopy, posterior talar body fractures with entrapment of the FHL can be stabilized and corrected with dual use of medial-sided approaches.
The World Bank, privatization, and enterprise reform in transition economies : a retrospective analysis

This conceptual account details the approach to privatization, and enterprise reform of three major countries in transition: Poland, Russia, and the Czech Republic / Slovakia. It discusses the states of mind that prevailed in each country, the perceptions of the Bank at various places and moments, the initial conditions faced by reformers, and those who assisted them, and, the policy frameworks that evolved. The collapse of communism, led to believe that in entering a period of extraordinary economic policy, one could privatize conglomerates without breaking them up, and assume that competition would prevent the abuse of market power, disregarding the effects of structural barriers to imports from exchange rate issues; assign restructuring, and corporate governance responsibilities to second-phase private owners, neglecting existing weak institutional mechanisms that would prevent this secondary trading to succeed; and, depend on new private shareholders to lobby for further reform liberalization, overlooking an evident absence of institutional framework. Concluding observations indicate that earlier, and more attention should have been paid to prudential regulations in capital, and financial markets, including institutional development matters. Specifically, the Bank might have done better to further advocate the approach used by Estonia (despite being a case not easily replicated), i.e., limiting the exchange of vouchers to minority stakes if a controlling majority had already been sold to a core investor. However, while privatization could have been better managed, evidence shows it has proven its worth, and should not be accountable for all the problems of transition.
Robotic based simulation algorithm to predict optimized compensatory motion of transradial prosthesis users

Poor performance while using a prosthesis can stress the joints excessively and lead to chronic injuries or rejection of the prosthesis. In order to improve upper limb prosthetic performance, compensatory motion of amputees is often compared with the movements of able-bodied persons. This technique does not consider the limitations of the degrees of freedom (DoF) of a prosthesis. This paper presents a Robotic Human Body Model (RHBM) simulation algorithm that demonstrates an optimized amputee performance with an upper limb prosthesis given its restrictions. Seven males, amputated below the left elbow participated in the study. Each subject used a body powered prosthesis to perform five activities of daily living (ADL) and motion was collected and analyzed using a marker based motion capture system. The motion capture (MoCap) data were compared with a normalized simulation based on the weighted least norm (WLN) solution to identify excessive motion. The weights were calculated from four optimal users minimizing the root mean square (RMS) error and compared to the motion capture data of all subjects demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of the RHBM. Excessive motion in one subject due to the tight fitting of the device was identified. Smaller deviations of the other subjects from the simulation were also identified. Using the RHBM simulation, excessive movements were located which may have clinical implications regarding prosthesis fitting and training.
Two phases of proton translocation

The chemiosmotic theory states that energy stored as a proton gradient across biological membranes is converted to useful chemical energy in the form of ATP. This process involves a series of reactions in which reduction of oxygen is coupled to proton translocation — the question is how. A study using two types of measurement now provides surprising results which indicate that a complete rethink of the accepted theory is needed.
Complement-Fixing Antigen from BHK-21 Cell Cultures Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Infection of BHK-21 cells with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus resulted in the production of significant titers of complement-fixing (CF) antigen. The antigen was spontaneously released from the cells, but the highest titer of 1:16 was recovered by disruption of the infected cells by freeze-thawing in tryptose phosphate broth. The antigen could be partially separated from infectious virus by centrifugation. Furthermore, it was possible to detect LCM virus infection of cell cultures by the production of the CF antigen, but this method proved less sensitive than titration by intracerebral inoculation of mice. The CF antigen from cell cultures was at least as sensitive and specific as the reference antigen prepared from infected guinea pig spleen.
Functionally relevant climate variables for arid lands: a climatic water deficit approach for modelling desert shrub distributions

We have three goals. (1) To develop a suite of functionally relevant climate variables for modelling vegetation distribution on arid and semi-arid landscapes of the Great Basin, USA. (2) To compare the predictive power of vegetation distribution models based on mechanistically proximate factors (water deficit variables) and factors that are more mechanistically removed from a plant’s use of water (precipitation). (3) To quantify the climate gradients that control shrub distributions in a cold desert environment.
Kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil response to soil pH

Use of the rhizomatous perennial forage legume kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) has been limited by slow establishment. Mature kura clover responds to liming on some acid soils, but the soil pH required for vigorous growth of young plants is unknown. A factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted with two kura clover cultivars (Rhizo and Endura) and one cultivar of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., Norcen) planted in three soil types (Sartell loamy fine sand, Hubbard loamy sand, and Sanborg clay loam) amended with Ca(OH)2 to obtain six soil pH levels. The experiment was performed twice, once using soil taken directly from the field and once using steamed soil. Response of kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil to soil pH differed. Maximum yield increases in kura clover obtained by adjusting soil pH from 4.9 to 6.5 were about 50% on nonsteamed
Databases for gene expression.

The future of genetic mapping of genes and their functions must include a widespread systematic database. The current prediction is that the best set of primer pairs for codon-optimized differential display is sufficient to detect only 73% of expressed genes. We will need to make this less than 1 gene in 100,000 missed.
Collaborative Practice Education: The Effect of an Interprofessional Teamwork Course on Students’ Knowledge and Skills

An interprofessional leadership course for medical, nursing, and physician assistant students was the setting for teaching communication, self-reflection, and team skills. Students completed the Self-Efficacy for Interprofessional Experiential Learning (SEIEL) Scale, the Team Skills Scale Adjusted, and a survey assessing knowledge of healthcare professions, to evaluate changes in student’s knowledge, confidence, and skills in interprofessional learning. Overall students rated their knowledge of role and scope of practice for health professions as significantly higher at the end of the course. This was also true of each of the individual profession groups. There was also a significant increase in overall students’ confidence in their ability to carry out the student role in interprofessional learning and in self perceived team skills. However, when individual professions were analyzed separately, the nursing student group was the only group to show significant differences.
Arterial Dysplasia and Splenic Artery Aneurysms

The hazard of rupture of asymptomatic splenic artery aneurysms in preg nancy is well known. Arterial dysplasia is an important etiologic basis of splenic artery aneurysms in women of child-bearing age, as exemplified by the two cases described. In one patient, multiple splenic artery aneurysms oc curred in association with hypoplasia of the aorta and visceral arteries. In another patient, a false aneurysm of the splenic artery occurred with coexisting fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries.
Sharp changes in resource availability may induce spatial nearly periodic population abundances

Abstract For many years, scientists have tried to understand the ubiquitous discrete nature of traits. As the emergence of nonuniform patterns in space via instability of the uniform pattern to spatial perturbations is well-understood in reaction–diffusion systems, several studies have suggested that a similar instability underlies discrete distributions of traits. In contrast, here we suggest that a different mechanism may underly species’ discrete distributions of trait values. We show that a point where niche availability changes sharply along the continuous niche axis promotes the discretized distribution of trait values even far from that point. In certain cases, this mechanism may apply also to patterns of population densities over space, such as patterns that were observed in vegetation biomass, as locations where environment changes sharply may promote spatially, nearly periodic stationary patterns.
Large deformations under vertical edge loads of annular membranes with various strain energy densities

Abstract The field equations for an initially flat, unstressed annular membrane under symmetric vertical edge loads only are expressed as two first-order differential equations plus one algebraic equation. Deformed profiles and load-deflection curves are computed for membranes fixed at their outer radii and attached to movable, rigid hubs at their inner radii. Four strain energy densities are considered: classical, neo-Hookean, Mooney and Rivlin-Saunders of a special form. In the limiting case of a point load, it is shown that the deflection of the classical, neo-Hookean and Mooney materials is infinite whereas the deflection of the Rivlin-Saunders material, for a certain range of parameters, is finite. It is suggested that this latter behavior is a desirable consequence to demand of any strain energy density in the presence of very large strains.
Efficient resolution of the dihydrodiol derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene by high-pressure liquid chromatography of the related (-)-dimenthoxyacetates.

The diastereomeric (−)-dimenthoxyacetate derivatives of (±)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene were efficiently resolved by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on silica gel. Treatment with methanolic ammonia under mild conditions removed the menthoxyacetate groups to furnish the optically pure (+) and (−) enantiomers of the trans-dihydrodiol. Epoxidation of each of the latter with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave the corresponding (−) and (+) anti-diolepoxides. The speed and efficiency of resolution of these relatively sensitive compounds by HPLC demonstrates the potential utility of this technique for resolution of all types of carcinogen-derived arene dihydrodiols.
Systemic administration of interleukin-1 stimulates norepinerphrine release in the paraventricular nucleus

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of circulating interleukin-1s (IL-1s) on the release of norepinephrine (NE) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). After intraperitoneal administration of IL-1s, NE was measured by high performance liquid chromatography in the perfusate collected from the PVN of conscious, freely moving rats by the technique of push-pull perfusion. IL-1s produced an increase in NE release. Both the strength and duration of NE release were dose-dependent. It is concluded that circulating IL-1s activates the noradrenergic innervation to the PVN and that this is part of the mechanism by which it stimulates the release of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and produces its other neuroendocrine and central effects.
Separation of micron-sized particles in macro-scale cavities by ultrasonic standing waves

Abstract The separation of micron-sized particles from a steady flow of water through the use of ultrasonic standing waves is discussed. An ultrasonic resonator has been designed with a flow inlet and outlet for the water stream. The resonator is typically about 0.15 m long with a cross-section of 0.0254 m×0.0254 m. The flow inlet and outlet ports have been designed to ensure laminar flow conditions into and out of the resonator. A PZT-4, 2-MHz, transducer is used to generate ultrasonic standing waves in the resonator. At fixed frequency excitation, particles are concentrated at the stable locations of the acoustic radiation force. Particle translation is achieved by a periodic sweeping of the frequency of excitation, which generates a slowly moving standing wave. The effect of the sweep period and the sweep frequency range on particle translation speed has been investigated for the separation of 6 micron polystyrene beads. A numerical model has been developed to compute the trajectories of particles subjected to the acoustic radiation force, fluid drag force, and buoyancy force. The acoustic radiation force is determined from a one-dimensional acoustic field model. A CFD model is used to calculate the mean fluid flow into and out of the resonator and is used to calculate the fluid drag force. The equations of motion are then integrated to yield the particle trajectories. Typical particle translation speeds are on the order of 5 mm/s. Successful separation of 6 micron polystyrene beads from a water inlet flow, with typical volume flow rates of 150 ml/min, has been achieved.