cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Phasors in Modeling and Analysis of Unbalanced Polyphase Ac Machines

The paper describes a novel approach to dynamical modeling of asymmetries in electric machines and polyphase systems (e.g., the ones caused by unbalanced supply waveforms). The proposed technique is a polyphase generalization of the dynamic phasor approach from power electronics and electric drives. The technique is applicable to nonlinear models, and offers distinct advantages in modeling, simulation, and control with respect to standard time-domain models. In a steady state, the dynamic phasors reduce to standard phasors from ac circuit theory. We performed experiments and simulations involving a three-phase induction motor and a three-phase synchronous permanent magnet motor, and we demonstrate that models based on dynamic phasors provide very accurate descriptions of observed transients. In a steady state, our approach yields improved equivalent circuits that contain coupling between the positive and negative sequence subcircuits.
Subgrouping Patients With Low Back Pain: Evolution of a Classification Approach to Physical Therapy

Synopsis The development of valid classification methods to assist the physical therapy management of patients with low back pain has been recognized as a research priority. There is also growing evidence that the use of a classification approach to physical therapy results in better clinical outcomes than the use of alternative management approaches. In 1995 Delitto and colleagues proposed a classification system intended to inform and direct the physical therapy management of patients with low back pain. The system described 4 classifications of patients with low back pain (manipulation, stabilization, specific exercise, and traction). Each classification could be identified by a unique set of examination criteria, and was associated with an intervention strategy believed to result in the best outcomes for the patient. The system was based on expert opinion and research evidence available at the time. A substantial amount of research has emerged in the years since the introduction of this classification...
Experimental Comparison of Measured Ultrasound Pressure Fields with Theoretical Prediction

We have presented a technique in the past [1–3] to calculate the acoustic potential and pressure from knowledge of the excitation spatial and temporal velocity function. In this paper we wish to present a comparison of a predicted field from using the technique with experimentally measured data.
Gravity and magnetic constraints on the Jurassic opening of the oceanic Gulf of Mexico and the location and tectonic history of the Western Main transform fault along the eastern continental margin of Mexico

AbstractAlthough the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has been the subject of geophysical and geologic studies for several decades, its crustal structures and opening kinematics remain poorly understood largely because of the difficulty in imaging the deeper basinal structure beneath its thick sedimentary and evaporitic layers. We have used gravity and magnetic data combined with seismic reflection and refraction data to better understand the crustal structure and basin opening kinematics. We have focused on the 700-km-long Jurassic continent/ocean transform fault that accommodated counterclockwise rotation of the Yucatan Block along the eastern continental margin of Mexico. We have used recent satellite-derived gravity data to reveal the pattern of spreading ridge-transform segments in the center of the basin. We then derived on a pole of rotation that revealed the kinematics of early opening of the GOM basin and the tectonic control the continent-ocean transform fault, the Western Main Transform fault (WMTF), that ...
Remifentanil provides better analgesia than alfentanil during breast biopsy surgery under monitored anesthesia care.

To compare the analgesic effects of remifentanil and alfentanil during breast biopsy under monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Sixty patients received sedation with propofol (50 μg· kg−1·min−1). After receiving a loading dose of opioid (either remifentanil 0.5 μg· kg−1, or alfentanil 2.5 μg· kg−1), an infusion was initiated (remifentanil 0.05 μg· kg−1· min−1 or alfentanil 0.25 μg· kg−1· min−1), and this was supplemented with local anesthetic infiltration. The pain was evaluated with aten-point visual analogue scale (VAS) during local anesthetic infiltration and deep tissue dissection. Inadequate analgesia, defined as VAS scores ≥ 5, was treated first with boluses of opioid (remifentanil group 10 μg or alfentanil group 50 μg) and if inadequate after two treatments with additional local anesthetic. Postoperative times were recorded including the times until discharge criteria were achieved and patient’s actual discharge. The pain scores were similar between the two groups during the initial injections of local anesthetic in the breast, however, patients in the remifentanil group had lower mean pain scores during deep tissue dissection (2.3vs 4.3,P < 0.01). Patients in the remifentanil group required fewer rescue doses of opioid (1.9 vs 3.6,P < 0.03) and local anesthetic (5 vs 15,P < 0.006). The two study groups had comparable speed of recovery. Remifentanil was a better opioid choice than alfentanil for breast biopsy under MAC at the doses studied, but it did not increase the rapidity in which patients recovered postoperatively.
Coloring Up Study Abroad: Exploring Black Students’ Decision to Study in China

This qualitative case study used interviews and focus groups with 24 Black college students from a predominantly White institution in the Southwest who studied abroad in China to examine how capital and community wealth influenced their decision to participate and their study abroad experiences. Participants discussed the role of the faculty member who led the program, their family members, their peers, and the Black community.
Rockwood Specialties: High-Yield Debt Issue

In November 2000, Kohlberg, Kravis, and Roberts (KKR) purchased Rockwood Specialties, Inc., a specialty chemicals company, in a $1.2 billion buyout. Spurred by the favorable market conditions in the first half of 2003, KKR was contemplating refinancing its buyout debt in June 2003. Merrill Lynch, its underwriter, proposed to refinance the earlier funding, in part, with a $375 million issue of senior subordinated notes. Although there had been a favorable interest-rate environment and a strong volume of debt issuance in the first half of 2003, the Rockwood offering still posed some significant challenges. First, it was a first-time issue by a privately held company. Second, KKR's motivation for the offering and the complex financial structure surrounding it had resulted in a preliminary credit rating of Caa from Moody's. Students are asked to evaluate and price the high-yield issue. The case discusses how credit ratings, market conditions, and organizational structure affect bond yields. There is a brief history of how the high-yield market evolved from the mid-1980s through 2003.
The Moral Foundation of Extra-Ordinary Leadership

This simple self-assessment instrument helps individuals and teams assess their behavior on four dimensions of moral leadership: truth-telling, promise-keeping, fairness, and respect for the individual. The instrument may be used with groups from companies, with learning teams, with individuals, or as a tool for practicing managers to distribute to their team members. Summary statistics of the four measures can help leaders assess the moral foundation of their leadership and whether their traditional leadership techniques are likely to have any effect.
Fuzzy logic based adaptive hierarchical scheduling for periodic real-time tasks

In this paper, we present a new scheduling approach for real-time tasks in an embedded system. Our method utilizes hierarchical scheduling to provide a resource based allocation scheme while using a fuzzy logic based feedback scheduler to react to environmental changes within the application. The primary goal is to provide a scheduling mechanism that can adapt to overload conditions but still present a level of service while enforcing the temporal isolation between independent applications. The scheduler then considers this level of service to make scheduling decisions based upon a task's service requirements, such as criticality or timeliness. Implemented in VxWorks on a uniprocessor-based platform results show that our adaptive approach provides significant advantages, during overload conditions, over traditional fixed-priority scheduling schemes.
Integrating β-Pb0.33V2O5 Nanowires with CdSe Quantum Dots: Toward Nanoscale Heterostructures with Tunable Interfacial Energetic Offsets for Charge Transfer

Achieving directional charge transfer across semiconductor interfaces requires careful consideration of relative band alignments. Here, we demonstrate a promising tunable platform for light harvesting and excited-state charge transfer based on interfacing β-PbxV2O5 nanowires with CdSe quantum dots. Two distinct routes are developed for assembling the heterostructures: linker-assisted assembly mediated by a bifunctional ligand and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). In the former case, the thiol end of a molecular linker is found to bind to the quantum dot surfaces, whereas a protonated amine moiety interacts electrostatically with the negatively charged nanowire surfaces. In the alternative SILAR route, the surface coverage of CdSe nanostructures on the β-PbxV2O5 nanowires is tuned by varying the number of successive precipitation cycles. High-energy valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that “mid-gap” states of the β-PbxV2O5 nanowires derived from the ste...
John Powers and the Italians: Politics in A Chicago Ward, 1896–1921

IN his nearly forty years as boss of Chicago's Nineteenth Ward, John Powers (known to his Italian constituents as Johnny De Pow and Gianni Pauli) proved himself a practitioner par excellence of all political expedients. The major concern of Powers and other inner-city bosses consisted of retaining political control in wards where the ethnic composition was undergoing rapid and extensive changes from Irish, German, and Scandinavian to Italian, East European Jewish, and Slavic. Methods that seemed corrupt to reform-minded residents eased the achievement of the boss' goal. Bargains, compromises, connections, patronage, and favors were the essential ingredients of practical politics. Ward politicians found jobs and did favors for constituents, obtained franchises for companies, and, in the process, boodled or profited at the public's expense. In addition, by relying on the criminal elements in their wards, bosses used intimidation and trickery to prevent the rise of rivals from new ethnic groups who might threaten their own positions.1 To Jane Addams of Hull House, Powers represented the forces of evil and corruption which prevented essential reforms; and in the 1890s she battled the ward boss in three highly publicized aldermanic campaigns. Italian leaders saw Powers as an insurmountable obstacle that barred the election of Italian candidates and denied to them control of a ward that contained the largest Italian group in the city. Newspaper editors and other reformers in the Italian colony seemed unable to recognize or accept the realities of politics in Chicago. Reflecting their middle-class orientation, they looked on
Specificity of Cutaneous Allergy to Procaine in Man

SummaryIn the subject studied eczematous contact type reactions were elicited with a group of p-aminobenzoic acid esters which contain a secondary or a tertiary amine in the side chain. The length of the side chain was irrelevant. Substitutions of H atoms by alkyl groups in the aromatic amino group or in the side chain did not alter the antigenic effectiveness. Benzoic acid esters with a tertiary amine in the side chain but without an aromatic amino group, or with an amino group in meta- or ortho-position, were ineffective.
Multimodal Composing in Special Education: A Review of the Literature

Focus on multimodal learning, especially composition, is increasing in K–12 classrooms, particularly among those whose populations are struggling academically. This shift toward multimodal learning also is evident in special education classrooms. This review explored multimodality and its impact on the composition practices of students with disabilities. Eleven empirical studies discussing research designs, research questions, and various sample characteristics were included. Themes from the findings and implications included the role of technology in instruction, its use in providing scaffolds, and its impact on student success. Additionally, several nonempirical articles advocating the use of multimodal composition were addressed. This review concludes with implications for teachers and researchers, focusing on the benefits of multimodal composition, particularly the underexplored area of digital video (DV) composition, for students with disabilities.
Rising PSA level in a 46-year-old man.

A 46-year-old man sought consultation for an abnormal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 9 ng/mL and one prior negative biopsy. Five months ago, while traveling, he had presented to an urgent care facility with a 24-hour history of fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting.
Three Bright Ideas for Improving Electronic Health Record Usability

The author suggests three ways that users of Electronic Health Records systems (EHRs) can help to improve the functionality of the software they use -- by offering suggestions for improvement, by offering to participate in a user group or focus groups convened by the vendor, and even by entering a partnership with the vendor.
Surgery of Venous and Thromboembolic Disease

This paper records a practical approach to the common problem of thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism, and varicose veins.
In Reply: Pulmonary tuberculosis.

Readers comment on pheochromocytoma (November 2014) and pulmonary tuberculosis (January 2015).
Social Design Experiments: Toward Equity by Design

In this article, we advance an approach to design research that is organized around a commitment to transforming the educational and social circumstances of members of non-dominant communities as a means of promoting social equity and learning. We refer to this approach as social design experimentation. The goals of social design experiments include the traditional aim of design experiments to create theoreticallygrounded and practical educational interventions, the social agenda of ameliorating and redressing historical injustices, and the development of theories focused on the organization of equitable learning opportunities. To illustrate how we use social design methodology, we present two examples that strategically reorganized the sociohistorical practices of communities to expand learning as a key goal. We conclude with a discussion of the opportunities this approach creates for learning scientists to form effective research partnerships with community members, as well as the responsibilities it en...
Self-preserving lognormal volume-size distributions of starch granules in developing sweetpotatoes and modulation of their scale parameters by a starch synthase II (SSII)

Starch granule size distributions in plant tissues, when determined in high resolution and specified properly as a frequency function, could provide useful information on the granule formation and growth. To better understand genetic control of physical properties of starch granules, we attempted a new approach to analyze developmental and genotypic effects on morphology and size distributions of starch granules in sweetpotato storage roots. Starch granules in sweetpotatoes exhibited low sphericity, many shapes that appeared to be independent of genotypes or developmental stages, and non-randomly distributed sizes. Granule size distributions of sweetpotato starches were determined in high resolution as differential volume-percentage distributions of volume-equivalent spherical diameters, rigorously curve-fitted to be lognormal, and specified using their geometric means $$\bar{x}^{*}$$ and multiplicative standard deviations $$s^{*}$$ in a $$\bar{x}^{*} \times /({\text{multiply/divide}})s^{*}$$ form. The scale ( $$\bar{x}^{*}$$ ) and shape ( $$\bar{s}^{*}$$ ) of these distributions were independently variable, ranging from 14.02 to 19.36 μm and 1.403 to 1.567, respectively, among 22 cultivars/clones. The shape ( $$s^{*}$$ ) of granule lognormal volume-size distributions of sweetpotato starch were found to be highly significantly and inversely correlated with their apparent amylose contents. More importantly, granule lognormal volume-size distributions of starches in developing sweetpotatoes displayed the same self-preserving kinetics, i.e., preserving the shape but shifting upward the scale, as those of particles undergoing agglomeration, which strongly indicated involvement of agglomeration in the formation and growth of starch granules. Furthermore, QTL analysis of a segregating null allele at one of three homoeologous starch synthase II loci in a reciprocal-cross population, which was identified through profiling starch granule-bound proteins in sweetpotatoes of diverse genotypes, showed that the locus is a QTL modulating the scale of granule volume-size distributions of starch in sweetpotatoes.
Dispersal and neutral sampling mediate contingent effects of disturbance on plant beta-diversity: a meta-analysis

A major challenge in ecology, conservation and global-change biology is to understand why biodiversity responds differently to similar environmental changes. Contingent biodiversity responses may depend on how disturbance and dispersal interact to alter variation in community composition (β-diversity) and assembly mechanisms. However, quantitative syntheses of these patterns and processes across studies are lacking. Using null-models and meta-analyses of 22 factorial experiments in herbaceous plant communities across Europe and North America, we show that disturbance diversifies communities when dispersal is limited, but homogenises communities when combined with increased immigration from the species pool. In contrast to the hypothesis that disturbance and dispersal mediate the strength of niche assembly, both processes altered β-diversity through neutral-sampling effects on numbers of individuals and species in communities. Our synthesis suggests that stochastic effects of disturbance and dispersal on community assembly play an important, but underappreciated, role in mediating biotic homogenisation and biodiversity responses to environmental change.
Ultrafast photochemical dynamics of the hexaaquairon(III) ion

Abstract UV excitation of [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ generates hydroxyl radicals in low quantum yield, but the events that compete with this photochemistry are obscure. To elucidate the primary events, acidic, aqueous iron(III) perchlorate solutions were studied by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. We report a new decay channel in which ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excitation of [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ hydrolyzes a coordinated water molecule, releasing a proton and forming the iron(III) monohydroxy ion in less than 1 ps. This efficient channel, which is observed here for the first time, competes with hydroxyl radical generation and represents a novel observation of photoacidity in a metal coordination complex.
Defeasibility Without Inductivism

Four principles widely accepted in contemporary epistemology, lead to a contradiction. According to one such principle, it is possible to be justified in believing a proposition on the basis of evidence that does not entail it., call this “inductivism”. In this paper, I want to examine one solution to the problem which has not received much attention in the literature: abandoning skepticism. Many authors have assumed that only inductive evidence is defeasible. If the assumption is correct, then giving up Inductivism entails giving up the defeasibility of justification. This result should be particularly unpalatable to virtue epistemologists, for it suggests an untenable kind of dogmatism on the part of subjects who are justified. I argue, however, that a belief can be defeasibly justified even if the evidence entails it. It is open to anyone, including the virtue epistemologist, to give up Inductivism as a solution to the problem.
A Context-Robust Measure of the Disincentive Cost of Unemployment Insurance

This paper proposes a new measure of the disincentive cost of unemployment insurance (UI): the ratio of the behavioral cost (BC) to the mechanical cost (MC) of a UI reform. This measure represents the labor supply distortion relative to the additional (mechanical) transfer from the UI reform. We show the BC/MC ratio naturally arises from a model of optimal UI and can be readily computed and compared across different types of reforms and labor market contexts. We summarize the evidence regarding the BC/MC ratio for existing studies and relate it to typical measures of employment effects of UI.
The effect of platelet-rich plasma on osseous healing in dogs undergoing high tibial osteotomy

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances osseous healing in conjunction with a high tibial osteotomy in dogs. Study design Randomized controlled trial. Methods Sixty-four client-owned pet dogs with naturally occurring rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and that were to be treated with a high tibial osteotomy (tibial plateau leveling osteotomy) were randomized into the treatment or control group. Dogs in the treatment group received autologous platelet-rich plasma activated with calcium chloride and bovine thrombin to produce a well-formed PRP gel that was placed into the osteotomy at the time of surgery. Dogs in the control group received saline lavage of the osteotomy. All dogs had the osteotomy stabilized with identical titanium alloy implants and all aspects of the surgical procedure and post-operative care were identical among dogs of the two groups. Bone healing was assessed at exactly 28, 49, and 70 days after surgery with radiography and ultrasonography and with MRI at day 28. The effect of PRP on bone healing was assessed using a repeated measures analysis of covariance with radiographic and ultrasonographic data and using a t-test with the MRI data. Results Sixty dogs completed the study. There were no significant differences in age, weight, or gender distribution between the treatment and control groups. Twenty-seven dogs were treated with PRP and 33 were in the control group. The average platelet concentration of the PRP was 1.37x106 platelets/μL (±489x103) with a leukocyte concentration of 5.45x103/μL (±3.5x103). All dogs demonstrated progressive healing over time and achieved clinically successful outcomes. Time since surgery and patient age were significant predictors of radiographic healing and time since surgery was a significant predictor of ultrasonographic assessment of healing. There was no significant effect of PRP treatment as assessed radiographically, ultrasonographically, or with MRI. Conclusion The PRP used in this study did not hasten osseous union in dogs treated with a high tibial osteotomy.
Management of cardiac hemochromatosis

Iron-overload syndromes may be hereditary or acquired. Patients may be asymptomatic early in the disease. Once heart failure develops, there is rapid deterioration. Cardiac hemochromatosis is characterized by a dilated cardiomyopathy with dilated ventricles, reduced ejection fraction, and reduced fractional shortening. Deposition of iron may occur in the entire cardiac conduction system, especially the atrioventricular node. Cardiac hemochromatosis should be considered in any patient with unexplained heart failure. Screening for systemic iron overload with serum ferritin and transferin saturation should be performed. If these tests are consistent with iron overload, further noninvasive and histologic confirmation is indicated to confirm organ involvement with iron overload. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is superior to other diagnostic tests since it can quantitatively assess myocardial iron load. Therapeutic phlebotomy is the therapy of choice in nonanemic patients with cardiac hemochromatosis. Therapeutic phlebotomy should be started in men with serum ferritin levels of 300 μg/l or more and in women with serum ferritin levels of 200 μg/l or more. Therapeutic phlebotomy consists of removing 1 unit of blood (450 to 500 ml) weekly until the serum ferritin level is 10 to 20 μg/l and maintenance of the serum ferritin level at 50 μg/l or lower thereafter by periodic removal of blood. Phlebotomy is not a treatment option in patients with anemia (secondary iron-overload disorders) nor in patients with severe congestive heart failure. In these patients, the treatment of choice is iron chelation therapy.
Macrophage alternative activation confers protection against lipotoxicity-induced cell death.

Abstract Objective Alternative activation (M2) of adipose tissue resident macrophage (ATM) inhibits obesity-induced metabolic inflammation. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that dysregulated lipid homeostasis caused by increased lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) in the obese state is a trigger of inflammatory responses. We investigated the role of M2 macrophages in lipotoxicity-induced inflammation. Methods We used microarray experiments to profile macrophage gene expression regulated by two M2 inducers, interleukin-4 (Il-4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta/gamma (Pparδ/Pparγ) agonists. Functional validation studies were performed in bone marrow-derived macrophages and mice deprived of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene ( Stat6 ; downstream effector of Il-4) or Pparδ/Pparγ genes (downstream effectors of Stat6). Palmitic acid (PA) and β-adrenergic agonist were employed to induce macrophage lipid loading in vitro and in vivo , respectively. Results Profiling of genes regulated by Il-4 or Pparδ/Pparγ agonists reveals that alternative activation promotes the cell survival program, while inhibiting that of inflammation-related cell death. Deletion of Stat6 or Pparδ/Pparγ increases the susceptibility of macrophages to PA-induced cell death. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome activation by PA in the presence of lipopolysaccharide is also increased in Stat6 −/− macrophages and to a lesser extent, in Pparδ/γ −/− macrophages. In concert, β-adrenergic agonist-induced lipolysis results in higher levels of cell death and inflammatory markers in ATMs derived from myeloid-specific Pparδ/γ −/− or Stat6 −/− mice. Conclusions Our data suggest that ATM cell death is closely linked to metabolic inflammation. Within WAT where concentrations of free fatty acids fluctuate, M2 polarization regulated by the Stat6-Ppar axis enhances ATM's tolerance to lipid-mediated stress, thereby maintaining the homeostatic state.
Who's (Re)Educating Our Leaders In this Time of Digital Transformation?

If design leaders are supposed to be a catalyst for change, how well are we preparing them for the job? Given today's rate of technological change, how equipped are they to re-invent their organizations a couple of times during their careers?
Incorporating sound in simulations

In this paper, we raise the questions: how could sound influence the usability of simulations? How could sound influence the learning of simulation creation? How could sound support processes like verification? We argue that sound can support learning by relying on music/sound cues' emotional engagement on users and verification by providing insight into the correctness of simulation execution during runtime. For instance, sound cues could indicate when certain events occur and if processes in a simulation are operating within their specifications. We explore potential benefits and challenges posed by incorporating sound into DES models. Many perceived challenges of this incorporation overlap with known visualization challenges for conveying information during runtime, as both cases deal with conveying sensory stimuli. We present conceptual examples and report on ongoing efforts to integrate sound into a DES simulation environment.
Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Computational Physics Simulations Using Parallel Multi-Zone Methods

Publisher Summary A parallel multizone method for the simulation of large-scale multidisciplinary applications involving field equations from multiple branches of physics is outlined in the chapter. The equations of mathematical physics are expressed in a unified form that enables a single algorithm and computational code to describe problems involving diverse, but closely coupled, physics. Efficient parallel implementation of these coupled physics must take into account the different number of governing field equations in various physical zones, and the close coupling inside and among regions. This is accomplished by implementing the unified computational algorithm in terms of an arbitrary grid and a flexible data structure that allows load balancing by subclusters. In the simplest multidisciplinary problems, the physics are loosely coupled and individual codes from the several subdisciplines can be combined to provide practical solutions. Many applications, however, arise in which the multidisciplinary physics are so intensely coupled that the equations from the various subbranches of physics must be closely coupled and solved simultaneously.
Baccalaureate and associate degree student nurses' cultural knowledge of and attitudes toward black American clients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cultural diversity education in nursing on baccalaureate and associate degree students' cultural knowledge of and attitudes toward black American clients. Cultural diversity education in nursing information processing, and attitude concepts (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) provided the conceptual framework. The sample consisted of 110 baccalaureate and associate degree senior and freshmen students from National League for Nursing accredited schools of nursing. Each school's dean confirmed that cultural diversity educational experiences were included in the curricula. The findings indicated that the group of associate degree students, which included a large number of various ethnic students, had higher cultural knowledge of black American clients then the baccalaureate degree students, who had less ethnic variance. However, adjustment for the ethnic variable was not significant (F(1,1) = 12.5, p less than .001). There were no differences in the attitudes toward black American clients between the two groups of students. The score ratings for cultural knowledge of (m = 66.90 on a scale of 0 to 100), and attitude toward (m = 35.40 on a scale of 7 to 56 points) black American clients were low in each group of students. Implications are for increased and improved cultural content in nursing education and alternative methods of teaching black American cultural content.
Effect of sodium ferrocyanide and bicarbonate on reabsorption of inorganic sulfate in renal tubules.

SummarySodium ferrocyanide and sodium bicarbonate have almost no effect on reabsorption of sulfate in renal tubules in the dog. These results, together with earlier studies, suggest that only anions which are reabsorbed as such through tubule cells, depress reabsorption of sulfate. This assumes, however, that bicarbonate is reabsorbed only as CO2 and water, and not in ionic form.
574. Late Diagnosis of HIV in South Carolina: Prevalence, Cause, and Consequences

Background Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of new transmission, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and AIDS-related deaths. Late HIV diagnosis is also thought as a major impediment for the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes. In the United States in 2014, about one-quarter of HIV infections were diagnosed late and simultaneously with AIDS. South Carolina (SC), a rural southern state, is among the nation’s top in HIV incidence and also exhibits a very high rate of late HIV diagnosis. This study investigates prevalence, causes, and consequences of late HIV diagnosis in SC.
Male Body Contouring

Male contouring after massive weight loss differs from contouring in women especially with regard to the chest and flank region. The chest often requires extensive scar placement to be successful in the removal of excess skin. The techniques of pedicle and free nipple reconstruction are reviewed, as well as undesirable complications. The flanks are another area of concern. They can often be improved with liposuction or direct excision while maintaining a masculine build. Scars are well concealed. Over-feminization is avoided by limiting the amount of plication in abdominal cases and carefully selecting patients for gluteal augmentation. Belt lipectomy procedures are often preferred over lower body lifts to optimize resection of the flanks.
Ideology and Argument Construction in Contract Law

I will offer an extended illustration of the demystification link here and will focus on promissory estoppel, a doctrine that receives sustained attention in the typical US Contracts class and has been the focus of a great deal of scholarship, critical and otherwise, for decades. Following this introduction, the essay proceeds in two parts. In Part II, I introduce promissory estoppel the way I do in my classes, contrasting mainstream, legal realist, and critical ‘stories’ about the history and role of the doctrine in American contract law. I warn my students – as I am warning readers here – that the contrasting accounts are to some extent caricatures, for surely no self-respecting legal academic would actually admit to being ‘mainstream,’ and I gather from what I read in the casebooks as well as from discussions with others teaching the course that most of us bring insights from a mix of realist, critical, and other schools of thought to our classroom work. But the point of proceeding in this fashion is to attempt to highlight the contributions of the critical tradition to pedagogy as well as legal theory, and in Part III I’ll bring those contributions to bear on a critical study of the Local 1330 case, a storied challenge to the closing of a pair of aging steel plants in the industrial Midwest nearly four decades ago.
In vivo deuterated water labeling followed by deuterium magnetic resonance imaging of xenografted tumors

Abstract In vivo deuterated water (2H2O) labeling leads to deuterium (2H) incorporation into biomolecules of proliferating cells and provides the basis for its use in cell kinetics research. We hypothesized that rapidly proliferating cancer cells would become preferentially labeled with 2H and, therefore, could be visualized by deuterium magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) following a short in vivo2H2O labeling period. We initiated systemic 2H2O labeling in an HT-29 xenograft model and performed dMRI following 7 and 14 days of in vivo tumor growth and labeling. We show that small tumors, not otherwise distinct from normal tissue by anatomical MRI, were readily apparent on dMRI following 7 days of labeling. This novel labeling-imaging approach allows safe and nonradioactive, in vivo detection of cancer. Our method could be well suited for clinical settings that require serial imaging where repeated exposure to radiotracers should be avoided.
Sexual Assault Survivors' Post-Traumatic Growth: Individual and Community-Level Differences

Past research has focused on individual differences in post-traumatic growth (PTG) among survivors, but no studies to date have examined differences at the neighborhood level. This exploratory study uses data from a 3-year longitudinal study of women sexual assault survivors (N = 1,863) living in a segregated city. We tested random intercept models of individuals nested within neighborhoods. Disrupted core beliefs, greater perceived control over recovery, less post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), religious coping, and positive social coping predicted more PTG. White survivors had lower PTG scores than the women of color in this study. Neighborhood-level differences in PTG scores persisted even though violent crime rate and neighborhood poverty did not emerge as significant in our model.
Prolonged methamphetamine exposure during a critical period in neonatal Sprague Dawley rats does not exacerbate egocentric and allocentric learning deficits but increases reference memory impairments.

Children exposed to methamphetamine (MA) in utero have cognitive deficits. MA administration in rats for 5-10 days between postnatal days (P)6 and 20 produces cognitive deficits. The purpose of this study was to determine if extending MA administration by 5 days within P6-20 would exacerbate allocentric (Morris water maze) and egocentric (Cincinnati water maze) learning deficits. Sprague Dawley female and male offspring (split-litter design) were administered saline (SAL) or MA (10 mg/kg) four times daily from P6 to 20 to create four groups: (a) SAL from P6 to 20, (b) MA from P6 to 20 (MA6-20), (c) MA from P6 to 15 (MA6-15), or (d) MA from P11 to 20 (MA11-20); the latter groups received saline on days they did not receive MA. Egocentric, allocentric, and conditioned freezing tests began on P60. The MA6-15 and MA6-20 groups showed egocentric deficits, all MA groups had allocentric deficits but no differences in conditioned freezing compared with SAL controls. The MA6-15 and MA6-20 groups had similar deficits in learning and memory that were larger than in the MA11-20 group. Learning in both mazes was sex dependent, but no interactions with MA were found. The data demonstrate that extending the exposure period of MA beyond the sensitive periods (P6-15 and P11-20) did not exacerbate the cognitive deficits.
Dual Polarized Ku-Band Phased Array on ROHACELL utilizing Silicon Beamforming Chipsets

This paper presents a Ku-Band (10 - 15 GHz) 64- element phased array utilizing commercially available silicon beamforming chipsets. The phased array is able to scan $\pm 30^{\circ}$ in both azimuth and elevation with less than 15 dB of cross-polarization. It supports linear vertical and horizontal polarizations as well as both transmit and receive modes utilizing half duplex operation. The array has a size of $4.2^{\prime\prime} \mathrm{x}\ 5.5$ ” and consumes 12.8 W in receive and 16 W in transmit. This array is demonstrated utilizing ROHACELL foam as a spacer in order to improve bandwidth.
Ventilators for Nonintensivists. Reasonable Initial Ventilator Settings for Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

As COVID-19 has rapidly evolved into a pandemic, many physicians without prior critical care training are being called upon to help manage SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who develop respiratory failu...
Assessing Kelo ’s Legacy: Do Increased Taxes and New Jobs Justify Use of Eminent Domain?

The Supreme Court’s ruling in Kelo v. New London (2005) justified the use of eminent domain for redevelopment takings based on the anticipated spillover benefits to the community in the form of increased taxes and new jobs. This paper asks whether this is a coherent economic rationale for allowing expropriation of residential land for private development. We show that, in the absence of a market distortion, the answer is generally no. However, when there is a pre-existing imperfection in the land and/or labor market, it is possible, though not guaranteed, that allowing eminent domain will increase social welfare. The reason, however, is not because of the increased tax revenue or employment per se, but rather because eminent domain increases industrial/commercial land use above the inefficiently low level that arises in the presence of the distortions. Thus, setting aside questions about fairness or holdouts, we show that whether using eminent domain for private takings can be justified on the basis of economic efficiency hinges on the existence of market distortions and the relative values of residential vs. industrial/commercial land in that particular market.
Role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors in stroke prevention and therapy—The best is yet to come?

Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathophysiology of stroke and protective effects of PPAR ligands have been widely investigated in the last 20 years. Activation of all three PPAR isoforms, but especially PPAR-γ, was documented to limit postischemic injury in the numerous in vivo, as well as in in vitro studies. PPARs have been demonstrated to act on multiple mechanisms and were shown to activate multiple protective pathways related to inflammation, apoptosis, BBB protection, neurogenesis, and oxidative stress. The aim of this review was to summarize two decades of PPAR research in stroke with emphasis on in vivo animal studies. We focus on each PPAR receptor separately and detail their implication in stroke. This review also discusses recent clinical efforts in the field and the epidemiological data with regard to role of PPAR polymorphisms in susceptibility to stroke, and tries to draw conclusions and describe future perspectives.
What’s Special about the Perfect Number 6?

For n ∈ N , let σ ( n ) be the sum of all positive divisors of n. If σ ( n ) = 2 n , then n is a perfect number. As early as 300 BC, Euclid gave a sufficient condition for a number to be perfect: i...
The Effect of Home-Owning on Business Development: Micro-Level Evidence

This paper evaluates the effect of home-owning on business. There are both positive and negative spillovers from home-owning. The positive spillover is that owners are more stable and they build better amenities, which attracts business. The negative one arises through the NIMBY effect. Both impacts vary with the distance between residence and business, neighborhood income levels, and business types. The aim of this paper is to firstly identify the distance at which the positive effect exceeds the negative one or vice versa. Secondly, I want to find whether the net impact differs for higher or lower residential income groups. Finally, I investigate the impacts for different industries. I employ a K-means clustering method to study the spatial effect with distance by clustering the business first and then drawing donut rings of residents around business clusters. The major endogeneity concern might be the reverse causation. I incorporate multiple identification strategies to cross check the results: fixed effects (FE), first difference (FD) and Instrumental Variable methods (IV). Using American Community Survey (ACS) and Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Work Area Characteristics (WAC) panel data from 2009 to 2014, I conclude that home-owning only decreases the job counts of adjacent distances of within .3 miles and benefits the business in 3-5 miles. Negative impacts are only identified in higher income groups while the lower income groups benefit business development. Service industries like Retail, Art and Professional Services are welcomed in higher income groups while Manufacturing, Real Estate and Car Rental and Leasing are welcomed in lower income groups.
Assessment of a third neonatal lumbar puncture position by ultrasound measurement.

Neonatal lumbar punctures (LPs) are most often performed when a baby younger than 30 days of age presents with a fever.1,2,3 The procedure can be challenging, even for experienced providers.4 The challenge is compounded when the patient is having respiratory or other issues such that they cannot tolerate a sitting or lateral decubitus position. Various methods for optimizing of the success of neonatal LPs have been proposed and studied.5,6,7 Nevertheless, failure rates range up to 40% in some studies.2,4,5 Traditionally, neonatal LPs have been performed in the lateral decubitus position or the sitting position, both of which require firm holding to maintain proper spacing of the spinous processes, a distance that is widely regarded as crucial to successful LP.
Quantum computing based hybrid deep learning for fault diagnosis in electrical power systems

Abstract Quantum computing (QC) and deep learning have shown promise of supporting transformative advances and have recently gained popularity in a wide range of areas. This paper proposes a hybrid QC-based deep learning framework for fault diagnosis of electrical power systems that combine the feature extraction capabilities of conditional restricted Boltzmann machine with an efficient classification of deep networks. Computational challenges stemming from the complexities of such deep learning models are overcome by QC-based training methodologies that effectively leverage the complementary strengths of quantum assisted learning and classical training techniques. The proposed hybrid QC-based deep learning framework is tested on a simulated electrical power system with 30 buses and wide variations of substation and transmission line faults, to demonstrate the framework’s applicability, efficiency, and generalization capabilities. High computational efficiency is enjoyed by the proposed hybrid approach in terms of computational effort required and quality of diagnosis performance over classical training methods. In addition, superior and reliable fault diagnosis performance with faster response time is achieved over state-of-the-art pattern recognition methods based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and decision trees (DT).
Characterizing The Limits of Linear Modeling of Non-Linear Swarm Behaviors

We study the limits of linear modeling of swarm behavior by characterizing the inflection point beyond which linear models of swarm collective behavior break down. The problem we consider is a central place object gathering task. We design a linear model which strives to capture the underlying dynamics of object gathering in robot swarms from first principles, rather than extensively relying on post-hoc model fitting. We evaluate our model with swarms of up to 8,000 robots in simulation, demonstrating that it accurately captures underlying swarm behavioral dynamics when the swarm can be approximated using the mean-field model, and when it cannot, and finite-size effects are present. We further apply our model to swarms exhibiting non-linear behaviors, and show that it still provides accurate predictions in some scenarios, thereby establishing better practical limits on linear modeling of swarm behaviors.
Grain-size dependent mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals

Abstract Grain size has a profound effect on the mechanical response of metals. Molecular dynamics continues to expand its range from a handful of atoms to grain sizes up to 50 nm, albeit commonly at strain rates generally upwards of 106 s−1. In this review we examine the most important theories of grain size dependent mechanical behavior pertaining to the nanocrystalline regime. For the sake of clarity, grain sizes d are commonly divided into three regimes: d>1 μm, 1 μm
Clinical Trial Biostatistics and Biopharmaceutical Applications, edited by Walter R. Young and Ding-Geng (Din) Chen

This collection of chapters on developments in biostatistics methodologies in clinical trial and biopharmaceutical applications were written by, all together, 37 contributors to the Annual Deming C...
Exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: shifting focus from the heart to peripheral skeletal muscle.

A cardinal feature of the syndrome of heart failure, irrespective of ejection fraction, is exercise intolerance, which is strongly associated with quality of life and clinical outcomes ([1][1]). Methods to evaluate exercise tolerance include self-reports of activities of daily living, clinician