cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Getting Americans to Save: In Defense of (Reformed) Tax Incentives

According to the most recent literature, one of the primary systems for getting Americans to save more — a system of tax-preferred retirement accounts — is fundamentally broken and should be abandoned. This system of 401(k)s, Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), and other tax-preferred accounts cost the government about $80 billion per year, and influential new research by Raj Chetty, John Friedman, and co-authors — among others — suggests that tax incentives like these are unable to substantially increase private saving. However, this case against tax incentives is overstated. A comprehensive review of the literature suggests that tax incentives, in fact, probably can increase saving among many people — and particularly among those participating who are financially unsophisticated and have low savings. Further, the findings of Chetty, Friedman, and co-authors have been both over-interpreted and misinterpreted in important ways. Based on this and an analysis of the trade-offs involved in choosing among instruments to encourage greater saving, this article concludes that tax incentives should be used, but they should be appropriately targeted and deployed, unlike in the current system. And they should be used in combination with a mandatory saving floor and nudges to increase saving above that floor. This is an “all-of-the-above” approach — including the use of tax incentives — that reflects the apparent variation in how people react to these instruments and that should achieve better outcomes than using any one or two of these instruments alone.
Spine SBRT using VMAT

Metastases of the spinal column are common amongst cancer patients with approximately 18,000 new cases in North America each year that require urgent treatment. Historically radiation therapy doses have been limited due to the proximity of the spinal cord. However as image guidance and localization techniques have improved it has become possible to deliver higher radiation doses to the tumour whilst sparing the spinal cord. This paper presents some of the techniques undertaken at our center.
Medicaid Fees and the Medicare Fee Schedule: An Update

This study analyzes changes in Medicaid physician fees from 1990 to 1993. Data were collected on maximum allowable Medicaid fees in 1993 and compared with similar 1990 Medicaid data as well as the fully phased-in Medicare Fee Schedule (MFS). The results suggest that, on average, Medicaid fees have grown roughly 14 percent, but considerable variation continues to exist in how well Medicaid programs pay across types of services, States, and census divisions. Medicaid fees remain considerably lower (27 percent for the average Medicaid enrollee) than fees under a fully phased-in MFS. Medicaid fees for primary-care services were, on average, 32 percent lower.
The rough fur (ruf) mutation in mice is an allele of myelin protein zero-like 3 (Mpzl3)

Background: The recessive rough fur mutation ( ruf )―named for the unkempt, greasy appearance of the hair coat in homozygotes―has previously been mapped on mouse Chromosome 9. However, the assignment of ruf to a particular gene is needed to facilitate a complete molecular analysis of the mutant phenotype. Results: To establish a more refined location for ruf (as a basis for positional cloning) DNA isolated from a large backcross family was typed for microsatellite and single-nucleotide markers on Chromosome 9. This analysis restricted the location of ruf between sites that flank only four genes known to be expressed in skin, one of which― Mpzl3 , for myelin protein zero-like 3―generates a similar hair phenotype in mice homozygous for engineered and spontaneous null-alleles. A cross between ruf mutants and mice heterozygous for the Mpzl3 rc mutation (which controls a recessive phenotype called rough coat) produced offspring that displayed matted, damp-looking fur, indicating that ruf is a mutant allele of Mpzl3 . However, sequence analysis of the Mpzl3 promoter, exons and splice junctions revealed no mutant-specific DNA defect. Conclusion: The results presented indicate that ruf is a mutant allele of Mpzl3 . With a genetic assignment in hand, the rough fur variant can now be more fully characterized to advance our understanding of Mpzl3 ’s role in normal skin development and function, hepatic triglyceride synthesis, weight regulation, energy and glucose homeostasis; and to model-related human disorders.
Long-pulse CARM oscillator with improved Bragg resonator

We describe a redesign of the MIT long-pulse CARM oscillator experiment including the incorportation of an improved Bragg resonator design. The first MIT long-pulse CARM oscillator experiment, which was carried out last year, resulted in the observation of CARM operation at ∼ 30 GHz. However, the excited modes were the result of window reflections rather than Bragg resonator modes, and the device efficiency was low. Two substantial improvements are being incorporated into the CARM oscillator redesign. First, a new 700 kV electron gun, built by Thomson Tubes Electronique, will substantially improve the beam quality. Simulations predicting a substantially enhanced beam quality will be presented. Second, a new improved Bragg resonator design will be used. In this improved design, both scattering matrix and coupled-mode theory codes will be used to optimize the mode purity and cavity Q for the desired operating mode (TE11). The use of Hamming and Kaiser-Muller k-space filters allow the design of Bragg resonators with substantially improved mode properties. The improved design will be described, and simulations of the CARM oscillator operation will be presented.
Using Text Messaging, Social Media, and Interviews to Understand What Pregnant Youth Think About Weight Gain During Pregnancy.

Background: The majority of pregnant youth gain more weight than recommended by the National Academy of Medicine guidelines. Excess weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of dangerous complications during delivery, including operative delivery and stillbirth, and contributes to the risk of long-term obesity in both mother and child. Little is known regarding youth’s perceptions of and knowledge about weight gain during pregnancy. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility and acceptability of 3 novel data collection and analysis strategies for use with youth (social media posts, text message surveys, and semistructured interviews) to explore their experiences during pregnancy. The mixed-methods analysis included natural language processing and thematic analysis. Methods: To demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of this novel approach, we used descriptive statistics and thematic qualitative analysis to characterize participation and engagement in the study. Results: Recruitment of 54 pregnant women aged between 16 and 24 years occurred from April 2016 to September 2016. All participants completed at least 1 phase of the study. Semistructured interviews had the highest rate of completion, yet all 3 strategies were feasible and acceptable to pregnant youth. Conclusions: This study has described a novel youth-centered strategy of triangulating 3 sources of mixed-methods data to gain a deeper understanding of a health behavior phenomenon among an at-risk population of youth.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy)-1-([11C]methyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine as a MAO-A Selective PET-MRI Hybrid Imaging Probe

1219 Objectives As a potential hybrid PET-MRI imaging agent for monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) we combined our concept of carbon-11 labeled 1-methyl-4-aryloxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines [1] to include a 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy substituent, which has been reported useful as a chemical shift-switching 19F MRI substituent in a MAO-A selective substrate [2]. In that report, MAO-A oxidation and spontaneous β-elimination of a 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy substituted amine substrate produced 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol, with a 19F-chemical shift change sufficient to differentiate substrate from product. MAO-catalyzed oxidation and spontaneous hydrolysis of the proposed radiotracer 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy)-1-([11C]methyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine would yield a non-toxic labeled metabolite (1-[11C]methyl-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one) for PET imaging, and 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol for possible chemical shift-switching MRI. Methods: Syntheses of reference standard and precursor for radiolabeling (4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridine were performed as described previously [1]. The carbon-11 N-methylation in ethanol, followed by sodium borohydride reduction, gave the desired radiotracer. In vivo pharmacokinetics were evaluated in rats and primates using microPET studies. Blocking experiments in non-human primates with reversible inhibitors moclobemide (MAO-A) and lazabemide (MAO-B) were used to determine selectivity. The chemical shift of the 19F NMR signal for the substrate and phenol were determined on a Varian 9.4 Tesla system at 376 MHz. Results: The [11C]methylation and reduction steps were performed in a TRACERLab FXC-Pro synthesis system; yields were low (1-2%) but not optimized. The radiotracer showed good initial brain uptake and trapping within rat and primate brain: blocking studies with moclobemide demonstrated MAO-A selectivity. In vitro 19F-NMR studies showed a significant chemical shift difference between the substrate (-130.0 ppm) and the 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol product (-137.5 ppm). Conclusions: A simple method for the synthesis 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy)-1-([11C]methyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine has been developed to prepare a MAO-A selective imaging agent with the potential to be utilized as a hybrid PET-MR imaging agent. References: [1] Brooks AF, et. al. (2015) ACS Chem Neurosci, 6, 1965–1971; [2] Yamaguchi K, et. al. (2011) J Am Chem Soc, 133, 14208-14211. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by NIH (R21NS075553, T32-GM007767 and T32EB005172-02) and the Alzheimer’s Association (NIRP-14-305669).
Learning embeddings for multiplex networks using triplet loss

Learning low-dimensional representations of graphs has facilitated the use of traditional machine learning techniques to solving classic network analysis tasks such as link prediction, node classification, community detection, etc. However, to date, the vast majority of these learning tasks are focused on traditional single-layer/unimodal networks and largely ignore the case of multiplex networks. A multiplex network is a suitable structure to model multi-dimensional real-world complex systems. It consists of multiple layers where each layer represents a different relationship among the network nodes. In this work, we propose MUNEM, a novel approach for learning a low-dimensional representation of a multiplex network using a triplet loss objective function. In our approach, we preserve the global structure of each layer, while at the same time fusing knowledge among different layers during the learning process. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method by testing and comparing on real-world multiplex networks from different domains, such as collaboration network, protein-protein interaction network, online social network. Finally, in order to deliberately examine the effect of our model’s parameters we conduct extensive experiments on synthetic multiplex networks.
PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale in youth with epilepsy: Reliability and validity.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study was to report on the internal consistency reliability and discriminant, concurrent and construct validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Cognitive Functioning Scale as a brief generic cognitive functioning measure in youth with epilepsy. Methods The 6-item PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale and 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales were completed by 221 pediatric patients ages 5–18 years with epilepsy and 336 parents of patients ages 2–18 years in a national field test study for the PedsQL™ Epilepsy Module. Parents also completed the 86-item Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), a widely validated measure of executive functioning. Results The PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale evidenced excellent reliability (patient self-report α = 0.88; parent proxy-report α = 0.96), distinguished between youth with epilepsy and an age, gender, and race/ethnicity-matched healthy sample supporting discriminant validity with large effect sizes (~ 20–30 point score differences, P Conclusions The PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability, discriminant, concurrent, and construct validity in youth with epilepsy and may be suitable as a brief generic patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure for clinical research, clinical trials, and routine clinical practice in pediatric epilepsy.
Discovery of sultam-containing small-molecule disruptors of the huntingtin–calmodulin protein–protein interaction

The aberrant protein-protein interaction between calmodulin and mutant huntingtin protein in Huntington's disease patients has been found to contribute to Huntington's disease progression. A high-throughput screen for small molecules capable of disrupting this interaction revealed a sultam series as potent small-molecule disruptors. Diversification of the sultam scaffold afforded a set of 24 analogs or further evaluation. Several structure-activity trends within the analog set were found, most notably a negligible effect of absolute stereochemistry and a strong beneficial correlation with electron-withdrawing aromatic substituents. The most promising analogs were profiled for off-target effects at relevant kinases and, ultimately, one candidate molecule was evaluated for neuroprotection in a neuronal cell model of Huntington's disease.
Prenatal Multivitamin Use and MTHFR Genotype Are Associated with Newborn Cord Blood DNA Methylation.

Background: Fetal development involves cellular differentiation and epigenetic changes—complex processes that are sensitive to environmental factors. Maternal nutrient levels during pregnancy affect development, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is important for processing the nutrient folate. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that supplement intake before pregnancy and maternal genotype are associated with DNA methylation in newborns. Methods: In the pregnancy cohort, Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), health history, and genotype information was obtained (n = 249 families). Cord blood DNA methylation (n = 130) was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylation450k array and global DNA methylation levels were computed over 455,698 sites. Supplement use preconception and during pregnancy were surveyed at visits during pregnancy. We evaluated associations between maternal preconception supplement intake and global DNA methylation or DNA methylation density distributions of newborn cord blood, stratified by the presence of a variant maternal MTHFR C677T allele. Results: Maternal preconceptional multivitamin intake was associated with cord blood methylation, dependent on maternal MTHFR genotype (interaction term p = 0.013). For mothers without the MTHFR variant allele, multivitamin intake was associated with 0.96% (95% CI: 0.09, 1.83) higher global cord blood methylation (p = 0.04) and was also associated with the cumulative density distribution of methylation (p = 0.03). For mothers with at least one variant allele, multivitamin intake had a null −0.06% (95% CI: −0.45, 0.33) association with global cord blood DNA methylation, and was not associated with the cumulative density distribution (p = 0.37). Conclusions: We observed that cord blood DNA methylation was associated with maternal supplement exposure preconception and maternal genotype. Genetic context should be considered when assessing DNA methylation effects of modifiable risk factors around the time of pregnancy.
Ulcerated Arm Lesion in a 10-day-old Girl

1. Brittany Lehrer, MD* 2. Kyle Pronko, MD*,† 3. Alina G. Burek, MD*,† 1. *Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 2. †Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 1. Address correspondence to Brittany Lehrer, MD, Children’s Corporate Center, Suite 730, 999 N 92nd St, Milwaukee, WI 53226. E-mail: blehrer{at}mcw.edu A 10-day-old girl presents with a progressive right upper extremity skin lesion. She was born large for gestational age at term via cesarean delivery for fetal distress. Pregnancy was complicated by diet-controlled gestational diabetes and a maternal history of genital herpes. The mother received prophylactic valacyclovir and no active herpes lesions developed during pregnancy. Immediately after birth, the infant was noted to have a 2-cm, tender, well-circumscribed area of erythema and induration over the right antecubital fossa. The extremity also had decreased movement, diminished radial pulse, and weak grasp reflex. Otherwise, she was well-appearing and her examination was normal. Radiographs of the forearm and clavicle were negative for fracture. She was diagnosed with hematoma and possible brachial plexus injury and discharged from the nursery on postnatal day 3 with the arm immobilized in a sling and acetaminophen as needed for pain. Since discharge from the nursery, the lesion has spread, ulcerated, and started draining malodorous white discharge, so the patient returns for evaluation on postnatal day 10. On physical examination, she has a poorly demarcated, erythematous, tender, indurated, circumferential plaque that extends from the mid-upper arm through the antecubital fossa to the mid-forearm. The center of the lesion is violaceous and ulcerated with white discharge (Fig 1). The affected extremity has decreased spontaneous movement, weak radial pulse, nearly absent grasp reflex, and she has pain with passive manipulation of the affected elbow. Her vital signs and the remainder of her physical examination are normal. Complete blood cell count with differential, procalcitonin, and c-reactive protein are within normal limits for age. Blood culture and herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction …
Analysis of SQL Workloads on an Enterprise Datalake

Over the last three years we have been running a large-scale data processing platform for applying analytics to corporate data on a private cloud instance. We control every level in the stack from the processing engines down to the hardware. One very common pattern of usage is for data scientists to use SQL/Hadoop to explore and analysis data sets. Data scientists are free to run whatever queries they want on this shared environment. Here we report on the patterns of usage of data scientists and the measured performance of the queries they create. We motivate why it is difficult to estimate the resource usage of a SQL query on such a system ahead of time and explain the consequences for the design of enterprise datalakes.
Changes in vitality in response to acute stress: an investigation of the role of anxiety and physiological reactivity.

Background: Feeling alive and invigorated, or vitality, is examined within the framework of a stress paradigm. The current study investigated whether endocrine and cardiovascular responses to acute...
SHANSEP-Based Interpretation of Overconsolidation Effect on Monotonic Shearing Resistance of Contractive Nonplastic Soils

AbstractThe effect of overconsolidation on the monotonic shearing resistance of three nonplastic soils (a clean sand, a clean sand and fine tailings mixture, and a fine tailings) was examined using...
Probabilities for Highest Wave in Hurricane

The function, which is called the extremal Rayleigh distribution, is found to be an accurate approximation to the probability distribution function for the maximum pro a hurricane with time-varying intensity. A formula is developed for the maximum wave distribution function in time-varying storms and computed for a large number of historical hurricanes. The extremal Rayleigh function was found to be a very accurate approximation in all cases. Two parameters are shown to be interpretable in terms of an equivalent uniform intensity storm as the reciprocal of the logarithm square wave height and the logarithm of the number of waves in the storm, respectively. Data from Hurricane Carla was analyzed to determine the parameters which best described the probability behavior of the larger waves in each 20 min record. Statistical formulas and tables are given to facilitate probability use of the extremal Rayleigh probability law in coastal engineering and hurricane research.
Changes in Life Across Many Temporal Scales

Evolutionary Patterns Growth, Form, and Tempo in the Fossil Record. Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2001. 415 pp. $85, £54. ISBN 0-226-38930-8. Paper, $30, £19. ISBN 0-226-38931-6. Exploring topics such as modes of development, tempos of speciation and extinction, and macroevolutionary trends, the contributors illustrate the many insights the fossil record offers to our understanding of life and its history.
Targeted observations for atmospheric chemistry and transport models

The aim of this paper is to address computational aspects of the targeted observations problem for atmospheric chemical transport models. The fundamental question being asked is where to place the observations such that, after data assimilation, the uncertainty in the resulting state is minimized. Our approach is based on reducing the system along the subspace defined by the dominant singular vectors, and computing the locations of maximal influence on the verification area. Numerical results presented for a simulation of atmospheric pollution in East Asia in March 2001 show that the optimal location of observations depends on the pattern of the flow but is different for different chemical species. Targeted observations have been previously considered in the context of numerical weather prediction. This work is, to the best of our knowledge, the first effort to study targeted observations in the context of chemical transport modeling. The distinguishing feature of these models is the presence of stiff chemical interactions.
Discrete, Amorphous Physical Models

Discrete models of physical phenomena are an attractive alternative to continuous models such as partial differential equations. In discrete models, such as cellular automata, space is treated as having finitely many locations per unit volume, and physical processes are modelled by rules that depend on a small number of nearby locations. Such models depend critically on a regular (crystalline) lattice, as well as the global synchronization of all sites. We should ask, on the grounds of minimalism, whether the global synchronization and crystalline lattice are inherent in any discrete formulation. Is it possible to do without these conditions and still have a useful physical model? Or are they somehow fundamental? We will answer this question by presenting a class of models that are “extremely local” in the sense that the update rule does not depend on synchronization with the other sites, or on knowledge of the lattice geometry. All interactions involve only a single pair of sites. The models have the further advantage that they exactly conserved the analog of quantities such as momentum and energy which are conserved in physics. An example model of waves is given, and evidence is given that it agrees well qualitatively and quantitatively with continuous differential equations.
Abstract MP08: Bundle Branch Blocks and Risk of Mortality in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study: Gender and Racial Differences

Introduction: Gender and racial differences in the association between different patterns of bundle branch block (BBB) and mortality in the general population are not well established. Methods: We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the risk of all-cause mortality associated with left BBB (LBBB) and right BBB (RBBB). The study group, 15,316 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study was stratified by gender and race. We excluded the participants with other BBBs or QRS duration ≥120 ms not classified as complete RBBB or LBBB. Results: At baseline in 1987-89, mean age was 54 years, 55.3% were women, and 26.8% blacks. There were 88 LBBB and 202 RBBB. During a mean follow up of 18 years, 3,347 deaths occurred. Compared to No-BBB, LBBB was strongly associated with increased mortality in all subgroups by gender and race (Table). However, RBBB was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality in any of the subgroups in the multivariable adjusted models. Conclusions...
Incidence of Tooth Loss and Prosthodontic Dental Care: Effect on Chewing Difficulty Onset, a Component of Oral Health–Related Quality of Life

Objectives: To quantify incidence of tooth loss, prosthodontic dental restoration, and chewing difficulty onset and the effect of tooth loss and prosthodontic restoration on chewing difficulty onset. Design: A prospective cohort study of oral health and related behaviors with in-person interviews and clinical examinations conducted at baseline and 24 months. Telephone interviews were conducted every 6 months between these sessions. Setting: A community-based sample of four counties in north Florida. Participants: Eight hundred seventy-three persons who had at least one tooth and were aged 45 and older at baseline. Measurements: Persons were queried regarding onset of chewing difficulty, an important component of oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). The chewing index of Leake, with minor revision, was the primary outcome of interest. Tooth loss was measured using direct clinical examination. Dental care use was reported during each interview. Results: Approximately 22% of participants reported tooth loss during follow-up. Fixed prosthodontics (crowns and bridges) was the most common form of new prosthodontic treatment. People who reported tooth loss were 2.7 times more likely to report chewing difficulty onset than people without tooth loss (P<.001). Having fewer occluding pairs of teeth at baseline was significantly associated with an increased probability of chewing difficulty onset. People who received removable prosthodontic treatment were much less likely to report chewing difficulty onset than people who did not (P<.01). Conclusion: Incident tooth loss and removable prosthodontic restoration strongly predicted chewing difficulty, an important component of OHRQoL.
Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids by cell-free and subcellular fractions of squirrel monkey and rat aorta: Importance of endogenous lysophosphatidylcholine*

Summary Mechanisms involved in the incorporation of fatty acids into the phospholipids by cell-free preparations of the intima plus inner media of aorta were studied in the rat and squirrel monkey. Stein et al.8 first demonstrated this activity in cell-free preparations of aorta. The cell-free system used in the present study had an absolute requirement for ATP and CoA and was markedly stimulated (in the incorporation of [1-14C]linoleic acid into phosphatidylcholine) by lysophosphatidylcholine but not by glycerol-3-phosphate. Apparent Michaelis constants for linoleic acid and for lysophosphatidylcholine were determined. The incorporation of fatty acids into different phospholipids and different positions was studied. Linoleic acid was shown to be more efficiently incorporated into phosphatidylcholine than oleic or palmitic acids. There appeared to be competition of the different fatty acids for some common aspect of the enzyme system. The greatest fatty acid-incorporating activity was in the microsomes. Phospholipid, RNA, and protein concentrations of the aortic and liver microsome fractions were compared. Aortic cell-free preparations from squirrel monkeys (Sqimiri sciureus) with atherosclerosis had greater [l-14C]linoleic acid incorporation into aortic phosphatidylcholine than controls when lysophosphatidylcholine was not added. With levels of added lysophosphatidylcholine which resulted in maximum rates of fatty acid incorporation there was no difference in activity between diet groups.
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SELECTED NUTRIENTS AND FERMENTATION TEMPERATURE ON H2S PRODUCTION BY WINE STRAINS OF SACCHAROMYCES

Metabolic interactions between yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), biotin, pantothenic acid, and fermentation temperature that affect H2S production by wine yeast during alcoholic fermentation were examined. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (UCD 522 and EC1118) were inoculated into a synthetic grape juice medium with H2S evolution monitored under fermentative conditions. While a number of interactions affected the evolution of H2S, YAN as a factor by itself was found to be not significant (P > 0.05) for both yeasts examined. Maximal cumulative H2S production for strain UCD 522 occurred in media fermented at 30C with 60 mg/L YAN, 10 µg/L biotin, and 50 µg/L pantothenic acid while minimum production was observed with 250 mg/L YAN and 250 µg/L pantothenate. Similarly, strain EC1118 produced the most H2S at 30C, but with 250 mg/L YAN, 0.5 µg/L biotin, and 50 µg/L pantothenic acid and the least in media that contained 250 mg/L YAN and 250 µg/L pantothenic acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS “Reduced” off-odors of wines, primarily associated with sulfur-containing molecules such as H2S, continue to be a difficulty facing winemakers worldwide. One strategy for wineries to limit these problems is to add yeast nutrients prior to fermentation, most commonly, nitrogen-containing compounds such as diammonium phosphate. However, nitrogen deficiency is not always the sole cause for these problems. Rather, the current research suggests the need to consider factors other than nitrogen including availability of biotin and pantothenic acid as well as fermentation temperature in order to minimize these off-odors.
Allianz and the German Insurance Business, 19331945

Preface List of abbreviations 1. The Allianz concern and its leaders, 1918-33 2. Allianz, Kurt Schmitt, and the Third Reich, 1933-4 3. Adaptation and aryanization 4. Allianz and the Reich group: politics of the insurance business in the period of regime radicalization, 1936-9 5. The 'Night of Broken Glass' and the insurance industry 6. Allianz, the insurance business, and the fate of Jewish Life Insurance Policies, 1933-45 7. Allianz, Munich Re, and the insurance business in 'greater Germany' 8. Allianz and Munich Re in the Second World War 9. Confronting the past: denazification and restitution Bibliography Index.
Low-Temperature Specific Heat of 4 He Films in Restricted Geometries

Confinement of superfluid helium to a system of random small (~ 100A) pores markedly affects its properties, as was demonstrated by Pobell et al.1; they observed the oscillations of superfluid helium in a U tube filled with tightly packed lampblack or porous Vycor glass and noted a large increase in the normal fluid density over that of the bulk. At low temperatures they saw a linear dependence of ρ n on T in contrast to the bulk T 4 dependence derived from other experiments. Padmore2 proposed a model for long-wavelength phonons in a “zero-dimensional geometry” that gave a linear temperature dependence and a constant heat capacity at low temperatures given by $$C = (V/{d^3}){k_B}$$ where V is the total volume of the He II in the porous system, d is the average pore diameter, and k B is Boltzmann’s constant. Heat capacity measurements on helium in disordered, restricted geometries have been made by other workers, but they have only been made at temperatures greater than 0.5°K, which is too high to test Padmore’s prediction. These measurements have also been done on partially filled pores and have pointed out interesting properties of helium films under these conditions.
On collections of joint time-frequency functions generated by biorthogonal-like functions

We generalize the Gabor (1946) expansion via a biorthogonal-like function theory. We show that a pair of biorthogonal-like functions (BLFs) form a pair of analysis and synthesis functions for the Gabor expansion. Moreover, the pair of collections used in the Gabor expansion must be generated by a pair of BLFs; BLF theory, therefore, covers frame theory and basis theory for the Gabor expansion. Two efficient computation methods for BLFs and examples are presented. It is shown that the signal representation in the joint time-frequency domain is completely determined by the existence of BLFs and solutions to the biorthogonal-like condition. >
Using A Semiotic Metatheory for Theory Understanding, Appraisal, and Use: An Illustrative Social Work Translation of the Affect Control Theory of Emotions

Charles Sanders Peirce’s creed, “Do Not Block Inquiry,” and his triadic model of the signs serve as the base for a semiotic metatheory of science and scientific theory. Semioticians characterize science as a universe of diverse sign systems, and scientists as members of different language communities.This paper introduces this approach. Affect control theorists ponder and investigate how actors, identities, actions, objects, emotions, and social settings are interrelated during interaction. Semiotic tools and principles guide the translation of the Affect Control Theory(ACT) of emotion. ACT is summarized and appraised for its value in increasing our understanding of human behavior in the social environment, its suitability to social work, and its applicability. ACT technical words are translated into simpler language, ACT displays into words, and ACT’s interactionist language is translated into the language of ecosystems theory. Suggestions for strengthening ACT and for promoting semiotic translation are included.
The effects of dietary sodium restriction on fluid and electrolyte metabolism in the chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of chronic dietary sodium restriction, with and without administration of furose-mide, was examined in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). 2. 2. Food intake was not altered by low sodium diet and/or furosemide treatment but gains in body weight were less in birds maintained on the deficient diet. 3. 3. Little changes were noted in plasma electrolytes. 4. 4. Exchangeable sodium and the volume of extracellular fluid were lowered by sodium deficient diet and/or fuorosemide treatment but plasma volume and hematocrit remained unchanged. 5. 5. The results suggest that chickens can maintain vascular volume better than mammals in response to dietary sodium restriction.
Variation in Composition of By-Product Feeds

Abstract Variation in nutrient concentrations was determined for corn gluten feed, rice bran, soybean hulls, distillers dried grains, and whole cottonseed. Samples of the first four were taken over 10 d of processing; 10 samples of whole cottonseeds were taken representing harvesting date. Coefficients of variation for NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, total protein, insoluble protein, and in vitro digestibility were from 1 to 14%, with most at 5% or less; coefficients of variation were generally higher for other nutrients. Fiber, protein, and mineral concentration of by-product feeds in this study did not agree well with earlier data, suggesting that processing methods may vary with time. Most by-product feeds had rapidly digestible cell wall and small undigestible residues, suggesting that they fit well into dairy cow diets. Published net energy values for these by-product feeds varied from reference to reference and are suspect because of interactions with different feed ingredients and with level of intake. Our practical experience indicates that NE 1 values listed in the 1978 edition of the National Research Council Nutrient Requirements for Dairy Cattle are most consistent with production responses on our university and commercial farms. Diets incorporating by-product feeds should be evaluated carefully to avoid mineral imbalances and to maintain protein quality. Use of book values for balancing diets containing significant quantities of by-product feeds could lead to nutritional problems and testing should be encouraged.
Fast microelectrode headstage for voltage clamp

Fast response in microelectrode recordings may be made by measuring the current through a microelectrode, rather than the voltage. Current recording keeps the electrode at virtual earth and thus prevents the loss of high frequency response owing to charging of the electrode capacity through the tip resistance. We describe a circuit which is a combination of current and potentiometric recording. For high frequencies the amplifier functions in current mode, and for low frequencies in potentiometric mode so that there is no average load on the cell. The amplifier rise time is less than 5 microseconds, is stable, quiet and requires no high frequency compensation.
Osteoarthritis of the Wrist STT Joint and Radiocarpal Joint

Our understanding of wrist osteoarthritis (OA) lags behind that of other joints, possibly due to the complexity of wrist biomechanics and the importance of ligamentous forces in the function of the wrist. Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) OA is common, but its role in wrist clinical pathology and biomechanics is unclear. We identified the prevalence of radiographic STT joint OA in our hand clinic population and defined the relationship between STT and radiocarpal OA in wrist radiographs. One hundred consecutive wrist clinical and radiographic exams were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs were evaluated for the presence and stage of OA. The mean age was 61.3 (±14.5) years. The radiographic occurrence of STT joint OA was 59% and of radiocarpal (RC) OA was 29%. Radiographic STT and RC joint OA were inversely related. Tenderness over the STT joint in physical exam was not associated with OA in the STT or other joints. STT OA in our series was not related to wrist pain. These findings support the discrepancy between radiographic and cadaver findings and clinically significant OA in this joint. The inverse relationship between STT and RC OA, as seen in scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist, requires further biomechanical study.
To participate or not to participate: that is the question.

Do I wish to participate or not to participate in this program? That is the question that young people ask themselves when considering a new opportunity. What can be done to increase the likelihood that they will choose to participate in out-of-school-time (OST) programs? This chapter describes a qualitative study that examined reasons for participating or not participating in OST programs. Some common reasons emerged, but the study also revealed differences among youth from different ethnic groups. It is clear that those who design and conduct programs must understand the processes through which diverse adolescents initiate their participation in programs and either persist or drop out. Given the apparent benefits of active participation in youth programs, it is important to remove barriers and increase access and, equally important, design programs that are of interest to youth in the contexts in which they live. Language: en
The psychological experience of prototyping

While scholars have studied what design practices accomplish, few have considered how people feel when enacting these practices. An eighteen-month ethnographic study of a high-tech firm examined the psychological experience of engaging in the practice of low-fidelity prototyping. The study finds that the production and rapid visualization of multiple ideas through low-fidelity prototyping allows practitioners to reframe failure as an opportunity for learning, supports a sense of forward progress, and strengthens beliefs about creative ability. Results suggest how design work practices can be designed to help employees manage in uncertain conditions.
On radiational cooling computations in clouds.

Expressions are derived for the cooling or heating rates for clouds in which the condensed phase is either ice or water. Values are computed for ice and water clouds over a reasonable temperature range for pressures of 1000, 500, and 200 mb. The importance is shown of adequately allowing for the latent load in computations of radiative cooling or heating rates based on measurements of radiative divergence in clouds. It is shown that, other things being equal, the effect of the latent load is always greatest at low levels and higher temperatures.
Le sein inflammatoire : conduite à tenir, algorithmes décisionnels, principes thérapeutiques

Resume Le syndrome inflammatoire est une des rares urgences senologiques. L’origine en est benigne, infectieuse dans la plupart des cas. L’examen clinique est souvent evident et oriente le diagnostic. Mais il reste insuffisant, rendant necessaire des examens complementaires afin de guider la therapeutique. Les limites de la mammographie, pour indispensable qu’elle soit, renforcent l’interet de l’echographie qui met en evidence, dans tous les cas, un abces et a une sensibilite superieure dans la detection d’une tumeur maligne. Quand une origine benigne est probable, les signes cliniques doivent disparaitre sous traitement medical, sans quoi il est necessaire de poursuivre les investigations. S’il est licite de mettre en route un traitement d’epreuve, ce dernier ne doit pas retarder une prise en charge cancerologique, en raison de la gravite du cancer inflammatoire.
Abstract A76: Diet versus drug paradigm for the prevention of colorectal cancer: Isorhamnetin and resveratrol versus sulindac and DFMO

Increase in polyamine synthesis and inflammation is associated with increased risk in colon carcinogenesis. In patients with a high risk for colon cancer a combination treatment with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a selective inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, resulted in a synergistic reduction in adenoma recurrence. However, this drug combination has some toxicities and should be limited to those individuals with a positive benefit to risk ratio. Bioactive food components have been shown to modulate inflammation and polyamine synthesis and can influence the risk of developing colon cancer with less toxicity. In this study we demonstrated that the chemopreventive activity of isorhamnetin (a plant flavonoid), and resveratrol (a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound) may mimic the effects of sulindac and DFMO. In a mouse model for colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis where mice are treated with the chemical carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and then exposed to colonic irritant dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a diet enriched in isorhamnetin or resveratrol resulted in a reduction in tumor incidence by 22 and 29 percent, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of biomarkers revealed both anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of both isorhamnetin and resveratrol in vivo . More intriguingly, we found that isorhamnetin mimics sulindac activity by inhibiting Src kinase activity and interfering with Wnt/beta catenin signaling both in culture and in mice. In addition, our metabolomic analyses suggest that resveratrol mimics DFMO activity by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the mouse colon. Inhibition of ODC by resveratrol was confirmed in culture. It will be interesting to see if the combination of isorhamnetin and resveratrol will have a synergistic effect on prevention of colon cancer. These findings suggest that isorhamnetin and resveratrol could be used as a safer alternative to sulindac and DMFO for the prevention of colon cancer. Citation Format: Shakir Saud, Young Kim, Gerd Bobe, Nancy H. Colburn, Matthew R. Young. Diet versus drug paradigm for the prevention of colorectal cancer: Isorhamnetin and resveratrol versus sulindac and DFMO. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A76.
An economic study of high-voltage transmission

THE RESULTS OF A STUDY, made in the light of present-day costs, on the economics of high-voltage transmission are presented. The study considers technical and economic aspects of two transmission patterns: straightaway transmission for distances of 25 to 300 miles, and extra-high-voltage transmission superimposed on an existing 115- or 230-kv system. The costs used in the study are averaged values at 1954–55 price levels and include energy and capacity charges for losses, as well as investment charges for terminal equipment and line construction.
A reintroduction to mendelian genetics

The origin of modern genetics is often credited to Gregor Mendel (1865). The fact, if not the exact date, is as well known to every modern schoolchild as the Battle of Hastings. Mendel alone didn't get us to where we are today. Even our understanding of Mendelian inheritance is dependent on the contributions of those who discovered and defined genes, alleles, chromosomes, mutation, and many other findings, including the discovery that DNA is the hereditary material. We present here an introductory/refresher course in the concepts of genetics most likely to help the modern cancer investigator cope with the ideas presented in many contemporary articles.
New Orleans asthma: IV. Semiquantitative airborne spore sampling, 1967 and 1968

Abstract A semiquantitative survey of atmospheric spore concentrations in the city of New Orleans with the use of automatic intermittent rotoslide samplers was performed during the years 1967 and 1968. In comparison with our previous rotoslide pollen survey, spores were invariably detected in excess of pollen grains by a factor of 10 to 100. Relatively large spores of the deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti) were easily identified morphologically. Identification of small spores was uncertain because of considerable group overlap and interspecies variation. Spores in this category were detected in highest quantity. Spores resembling large basidiospores were included in a third general category. Many myxomycete spores were also likely included in this category because of similar morphology. In all morphological categories, semiquantitative atmospheric spore counts were comparatively low in January and February. Counts increased sharply in March and April and increased variably throughout the summer and late fall months. Noticeable decreases were recorded in late November at or near the usual onset of local killing frosts. Petri plate colony identification, although performed only sporadically, was not as helpful as anticipated. Analysis of one typical large asthma epidemic (December, 1968) revealed high rotoslide catches in all major spore categories but no sharp increase in total cultural colony count or obvious change in colony composition.
Targeted therapy for multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable with conventional treatment approaches, and novel biologically based therapies are therefore urgently needed. Targeted therapies are either under development or already undergoing clinical evaluation predicated upon: identifying genetic abnormalities in myeloma cells to enhance chemoradiosensitivity; interrupting growth or triggering apoptotic signaling cascades in tumor cells; treating both the tumor cell and its microenvironment; enhancing allogeneic and autologous antimyeloma immunity; and characterizing new myeloma antigens for serotherapy. These therapies, alone or in combination with conventional treatments, offer great promise to improve the outcome for patients with MM.
Grain size distribution in ultrafine-grained yttria-stabilized zirconia deformed without and with an electric field

Grain size distributions were determined in the grip ( e ≈ 0) and near fracture ( e ≈ 1.0) of yttria-stabilized zirconia ( d ¯ 0 = 0.44 μm) specimens deformed in tension at 1450–1600 °C without and with an electric field. The mean grain size increased with temperature, but decreased with field, with no clear effect of strain. The distributions for all test conditions fit a single curve based on the Bitti–Nunzio model, showing that the field had no significant effect on the grain size distribution.