cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2D NMDA glutamate receptor subunit in rat central nervous system

A subunit-specific antibody against the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2D protein along with an antiphosphotyrosine antibody were employed to examine the developmental profile of the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2D and its regulation by a protein phosphatase inhibitor in rat brain. NMDA receptor proteins from the thalamus at postnatal days 1, 7, 21, and 49 were solubilized under denaturing conditions and used in immunoprecipitations with these antibodies followed by quantitative immunoblot analysis of NR2D protein in the resulting immunopellets. The results indicate that the NR2D subunit is tyrosine phosphorylated in the brain. The quantified data examining the developmental profile of tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2D in the thalamus show that the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2D protein increases five- to sixfold during development. In addition, the protein phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate (vanadyl hydroperoxide) was found to increase tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2D subunit threefold in brain slices, implying an active cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in situ. These studies demonstrate developmentally regulated tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2D protein in vivo, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation may be important for regulating the functions of this NMDA receptor subunit in the mammalian central nervous system.
Constitutive Modeling of Porcine Coronary Arteries Using Designed Experiments

The development of new coronary artery constitutive models is of critical importance in the design and analysis of coronary replacement grafts. In this study, a two-parameter logarithmic complementary energy function, with normalized measured force and internal pressure as the independent variables and strains as the dependent variables, was developed for healthy porcine coronary arteries. Data was collected according to an experimental design with measured force ranging from 9.8 to 201 mN and internal pressure ranging from 0.1 to 16.1 kPa (1 to 121 mmHg). Comparisons of the estimated constitutive parameters showed statistically significant differences between the left anterior descending [LAD] and right coronary artery [RCA], but no differences between the LAD and left circumflex [LCX] or between the LCX and RCA. Point-by-point strain comparisons confirm the findings of the model parameter study and isolate the difference to the axial strain response. Average axial strains for the LAD, LCX, and RCA are 0.026 +/- 0.009, 0.015 +/- 0.005, and 0.011 +/- 0.009, respectively, at all physiologic loads, suggesting that the axial strains in the LAD are significantly higher than in the other regions.
Quantum mechanics and partial differential equations

Abstract This paper develops the basic theory of pseudo-differential operators on Rn, through the Calderon-Vaillancourt (0, 0) L2-estimate, as a natural part of the harmonic analysis on the Heisenberg group, the group-theoretic embodiment of Heisenberg's Canonical Commutation Relations. The symbol mapping is given a group-theoretic interpretation consistent with the Kirillov method of orbits. By comparing different well-known realizations of the unique irreducible representation of the Heisenberg group, the Toeplitz operators on the complex n-ball are shown essentially to be pseudo-differential operators. The proof of the Calderon-Vaillancourt estimate is almost purely group-theoretic. Criteria for positivity, and for compactness are also given.
Jewish history and gentile memory: The expulsion of 1492

During the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, the Christian kingdoms and principalities in northern Iberia extended their power southward. They acquired territory and people that, since the first quarter of the eighth century, had been under Islamic rule. The kingdoms of Leon-Castila, Aragon, and Portugal (especially the former two) contained greater numbers of non-Christians - Jews and Muslims - than any other Christian territory in western Europe. Until the late fourteenth century the kind of public life led in these states was termed convivencia, "peacefully living together," and in Jewish usage Iberia was termed Sefarad (Obadiah 20: literally the farthest northern point of Jewish migration in Syria; figuratively, a refuge remote from Palestine). Jews played a subordinate but crucial role in these kingdoms, which have been termed sociologically incomplete societies, i.e., requiring the presence and service of non-Christians for some governmental functions - chiefly financial and professional - that Christian subjects could not or would not perform. Although Jews were needed, they were also excluded from high public office, as were Jews elsewhere in Christian Europe. In 1391 a number of riots broke out in different parts of Iberia, directed against Jews. As a result, about half the Jewish population of Iberia converted to Christianity. This was an event unprecedented in history - and one for which the Iberian church and society, indeed any contemporary Christian church and society, were utterly unprepared. A generation or so later, in the 1440s, new anti-Jewish movements began again, directed this time also against the "New Christians," or conversos, as they were called. The reasons for some of this resentment against conversos as well as
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Cu-As-S-(O) System Relevant to Sulfuric Acid Baking of Enargite at 473 K (200 °C)

While the growing demand for copper has compelled the industry to adapt new technologies for the treatment of copper-arsenic (enargite) concentrates, the refractory nature of such concentrates combined with the troublesome presence of arsenic has created a major metallurgical and environmental challenge. Preliminary results of the acid bake-leach process at the University of Utah have shown some potential advantages for the treatment of enargite concentrates. While the transformation of enargite to copper sulfate, arsenolite, and elemental sulfur has already been established experimentally, thermodynamic evaluation of the sulfuric acid baking process provides further understanding which should be useful. In this article, the available thermodynamic data for the species involved in the Cu-As-S-O system are compiled. These data were used to calculate the phase stability (Kellogg) diagrams as well as equilibrium compositions at 473 K (200 °C) using the STABCAL and HSC Chemistry® 5.1 software packages. The equilibrium composition calculations indicate that enargite can transform to copper sulfate either directly or through chalcocite and/or covellite. The major gaseous species during baking were found to be SO2 and H2O. The results of the thermodynamic calculations were further compared with two confirmatory baking experiments involving a high-quality enargite sample. The condensed reaction products from sulfuric acid baking based on XRD results include CuSO4, As2O3, CuO·CuSO4, and S8 under both neutral and oxidative conditions. While all these compounds were predicted through equilibrium calculations, some of the predicted compounds were not detected in the sulfuric acid-baked enargite. None of the calculations indicated any appreciable amounts of arsenic-bearing gases at the baking temperature of 473 K (200 °C). Consistent with thermodynamic predictions, no H2S gas was detected during the sulfuric acid baking experiment. Approximately, 80 pct of the baked enargite samples were leached in water.
Fourier transform spectroscopy using stressed liquid crystal.

A Stressed Liquid Crystal (SLC) is proposed for application as a single panel retardance element in a Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer. Volume alignment in SLCs increase the maximum retardance and subsequent FT resolution by enabling longer path lengths through the liquid crystal material. Here, the relationship between transmission and shear for thick SLC cells is characterized and the spectral resolution using the SLC phase modulators in a single and double pass FT spectrometer system is quantified. For a 100 μm thick SLC, the resolution of a single frequency peak was observed at 60 nm full width half maximum.
Luminescent properties of Cu+/Sn2+-activated aluminophosphate glass

Abstract A robust aluminophosphate glass matrix containing substantial amounts of Cu2O and SnO has been prepared by the melt-quenching technique, and the luminescent properties have been assessed. The as-prepared material exhibits tunable luminescence by variation of excitation wavelength, in connection with the distinct excitation/emission properties of Cu+ ions and twofold-coordinated Sn centers in the host. Under excitation of both Cu+ and Sn species at 300 nm, the co-doped material exhibits a bright whitish luminescence, whereas excitation at 360 nm produces an intense orange emission arising merely from Cu+ ions. Thus, white light generation is deemed realizable by combination of cool-bluish emission intrinsic to Sn centers with the warm-orange emission from Cu+ ions. The optical properties of the material after heat treatment have been also investigated. Results indicate the chemical reduction of ionic copper via Sn2+ ultimately producing Cu nanoparticles as evidenced by the surface plasmon resonance. Consequently, the excitation-wavelength dependent photoluminescence bands appear suppressed in relation to Cu+ basically and show a dip attributed to light reabsorption by the plasmonic Cu particles.
A PILOT STUDY OF ANTI-D GIVEN AS A SINGLE DOSE OF 50 MCG/KG TO CHILDREN WITH ACUTE IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (ITP). 680

A PILOT STUDY OF ANTI-D GIVEN AS A SINGLE DOSE OF 50 MCG/KG TO CHILDREN WITH ACUTE IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (ITP). 680
A combinatorial optimization approach to composite materials tailoring

Composite materials offer designers the advantage of tailoring structures and materials to meet a variety of property and performance requirements in changing and demanding environments. However, the wide variety of material combinations, reinforcement geometries and architectures to choose from poses a bewildering problem of selection. Thus an appropriate, and furthermore optimal, tailoring of composite materials for applications is a challenging design problem and forms the focus of the article. Specifically, the present work addresses the problem of selecting optimal combinations of matrix and reinforcement materials, and reinforcement morphology, architecture, and volume fraction so as to meet the specified property and performance requirements. The optimal tailoring problem is solved using the combinatorial optimization technique of simulated annealing which works in conjunction with a property model base consisting of analytical relationships between the composite properties and the microstructure. The matrix materials considered in the study span the material classes of polymers, metals and ceramics while reinforcement geometries of unidirectional fibers, particulates and two-dimensional woven fabrics are considered. The overall approach and key results of the study are presented and discussed.
Mining social tags to predict mashup patterns

In the past few years, tagging has gained large momentum as a user-driven approach for categorizing and indexing content on the Web. Mashups have recently joined the list of Web resources targeted for social tagging. In the context of the social Web, a mashup is a lightweight technique for integrating applications and data over the Web. Crafting new mashups is largely a subjective process motivated by the users' initial inspiration. In this paper, we propose a tag-based approach for predicting mashup patterns, thus deriving inspiration for potential new mashups from the community's consensus. Our approach applies association rule mining techniques to discover relationships between APIs and mashups based on their annotated tags. We also advocate the importance of the mined relationships as a valuable source for recommending mashup candidates while mitigating for common problems in recommender systems. We evaluate our methodology through experimentation using real-life dataset. Our results show that our approach achieves high prediction accuracy and outperforms a direct string matching approach that lacks the mining information.
Sequential imaging demonstrating os odontoideum formation after a fracture through the apical odontoid epiphysis: case report and review of the literature.

The mechanism of formation of an os odontoideum is controversial and likely multifactorial. One theory states that the apex of the odontoid separates from the body because of a fracture. The intact alar and apical ligaments pull the fractured segment superiorly. The independent vascular supply of the apex allows the fractured bone to remain viable and remodel into the smooth, corticated bone characteristic of an os odontoideum. However, there are no publications with direct radiographic evidence supporting the theory. In this paper, the authors present a 7-year-old child with a fracture through the apical odontoid epiphysis, extending into the body of the dens. Serial imaging studies demonstrate progressive separation of the apex from the body of the odontoid. The fractured segment begins to remodel and assume the classic form of an os. The authors consider this case to be radiographic evidence supporting an acquired/traumatic origin of os odontoideum. Further, the mechanism of fracture through a cartilaginous epiphysis may explain the formation of an os after “normal” x-ray images or following seemingly minor trauma.
Stereospecificity of acetylene reduction catalyzed by nitrogenase.

In addition to catalyzing the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia, the metalloenzyme nitrogenase catalyzes the reduction of a number of alternative substrates, including acetylene (C2H2) to ethylene (C2H4) and, in certain cases, to ethane (C2H6). The stereochemistry of proton addition for C2D2 reduction to C2D2H2 catalyzed by the Mo-dependent nitrogenase has been used to probe substrate binding and proton addition mechanisms. In the present work, the C2D2 reduction stereospecificity of altered MoFe proteins having amino acid substitutions within the active site FeMo-cofactor environment was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Altered MoFe proteins examined included those having the α-subunit 96Arg residue substituted by Gln, Leu, or Ala, the α-subunit 69Gly residue substituted by Ser, and the α-subunit 195His residue substituted by Asn. The stereochemistry of proton addition to C2D2 does not correlate with the measured Km values for C2H2 reduction, or with the ability of the enzyme ...
Species with more volatile population dynamics are differentially impacted by weather.

Climatic variation has been invoked as an explanation of population dynamics for a variety of taxa. Much work investigating the link between climatic forcings and population fluctuation uses single-taxon case studies. Here, we conduct comparative analyses of a multi-decadal dataset describing population dynamics of 50 co-occurring butterfly species at 10 sites in Northern California. Specifically, we explore the potential commonality of response to weather among species that encompass a gradient of population dynamics via a hierarchical Bayesian modelling framework. Results of this analysis demonstrate that certain weather conditions impact volatile, or irruptive, species differently as compared with relatively stable species. Notably, precipitation-related variables, including indices of the El Nino Southern Oscillation, have a more pronounced impact on the most volatile species. We hypothesize that these variables influence vegetation resource availability, and thus indirectly influence population dynamics of volatile taxa. As one of the first studies to show a common influence of weather among taxa with similar population dynamics, the results presented here suggest new lines of research in the field of biotic–abiotic interactions.
On estimation of number of moving targets via frequency-diversity signaling

The performance evaluation of the determination of the number of diversely moving targets in a cell using frequency-diversity signaling is discussed. Information theoretic criteria are used in the analysis, and simulation results are presented. It is shown that by appropriately designing the subpulse frequencies, the system performance using frequency-diversity signaling is superior to that of the conventional array with a monotone frequency. >
Exact integration of the high energy scale in doped Mott insulators

We expand on our earlier work [R. G. Leigh , Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 46404 (2007)] in which we constructed the exact low energy theory of a doped Mott insulator by explicitly integrating (rather than projecting) out the degrees of freedom far away from the chemical potential. The exact low energy theory contains degrees of freedom that cannot be obtained from projective schemes. In particular, a charge +/- 2e bosonic field that is not made out of elemental excitations emerges at low energies. Such a field accounts for dynamical spectral weight transfer across the Mott gap. At half-filling, we show that two such excitations emerge which play a crucial role in preserving the Luttinger surface along which the single-particle Green’s function vanishes. In addition, the interactions with the bosonic fields defeat the artificial local SU(2) symmetry that is present in the Heisenberg model. We also apply this method to the Anderson-U impurity and show that in addition to the Kondo interaction, bosonic degrees of freedom appear as well. Finally, we show that as a result of the bosonic degree of freedom, the electron at low energies is in a linear superposition of two excitations-one arising from the standard projection into the low energy sector and the other from the binding of a hole and the boson.
Implications for Clinical Pharmacodynamic Studies of the Statistical Characterization of an In Vitro Antiproliferation Assay

Modeling of nonlinear pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships necessitates the utilization of a weighting function in order to compensate for the heteroscedasticity. The structure of the variance was studied for concentration-effect data generated in an in vitro 96-well plate cell growth inhibition assay, where data are numerous (480 data points per experiment) and replication is easy. From the five candidate models that were considered, the power function S2Y = phi 2Y phi 3, where Y is the sample mean and S2Y is the sample variance, was shown to be the most appropriate to describe the nonuniformity of the variance along the range of measured effect for 253 sets of (Y; S2Y) data. The Hill model was fit to the concentration-effect data with weighted nonlinear regression, where the weights were equal to the reciprocal of the predicted variance. The examination of the distribution of the 253 sets of parameters of the PD model showed that IC50 was lognormally distributed whereas the distribution of gamma was normal. The characterization of the appropriate variance function and concentration-effect function in a simple in vitro experimental setting with a large number of experiments, with each experiment including a large number of data points, will be useful for guiding similar in vitro concentration-effect studies where data are plentiful and for guiding PD modeling in complex clinical settings in which extensive data for model characterization is impossible to obtain.
Changing American Congregations: Findings from the Third Wave of the National Congregations Study

The third wave of the National Congregations Study (NCS-III) was conducted in 2012. The 2012 General Social Survey asked respondents who attend religious services to name their religious congregation, producing a nationally representative cross-section of congregations from across the religious spectrum. Data about these congregations were collected via a 50-minute interview with one key informant from 1,331 congregations. Information was gathered about multiple aspects of congregations’ social composition, structure, activities, and programming. Approximately two-thirds of the NCS-III questionnaire replicates items from 1998 or 2006–2007 NCS waves. Each congregation was geocoded, and selected data from the 2010 U.S. Census or American Community Survey have been appended. We describe NCS-III methodology and use the cumulative NCS dataset (containing 4,071 cases) to describe five trends: more ethnic diversity, greater acceptance of gays and lesbians, increasingly informal worship styles, declining size (but not from the perspective of the average attendee), and declining denominational affiliation.
Protein-protein interactions in actin-myosin binding and structural effects of R405Q mutation: a molecular dynamics study

Detailed residue-wise interactions involved in the binding of myosin to actin in the rigor conformation without nucleotides have been examined using molecular dynamics simulations of the chicken skeletal myosin head complexed with two actin monomers, based on the cryo-microscopic model of Holmes et al. (Nature 2003;425:423–427). The overall interaction is largely electrostatic in nature, because of the charged residues in the four loops surrounding the central primary binding site. The 50k/20k loop, disordered in crystal structures and in simulations of free myosin in solution, was found to be in a conformation stabilized with 1∼2 internal salt bridges. The cardiomyopathy loop forms 2∼3 interprotein salt bridges with actin monomers upon binding, whereas its Arg405 residue, the mutation site associated with the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, forms a strong salt bridge with Glu605 in the neighboring helix away from actin in the actin-bound myosin. The myopathy loop of the R405Q mutant maintains a high degree of two-strand β-sheet character when bound to actin with the corresponding salt bridges broken. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Extended basis sets for the transition metals Yttrium through Cadmium

Extended Slater basis sets were developed for the transition metals yttrium through cadmium. Gaussian expansions of these basis sets are extremely useful for ab initio methods which employ six Cartesian Gaussians for the description of the d orbitals. The s-type function generated from the symmetric combination of the x2, y2, and z2 Cartesian Gaussians is used to describe the 4s region, thereby reducing the overall number of functions for molecular calculations and reducing the redundancy in the basis set.
Effects of generalized convulsive seizures on corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems

Most stressors generate a set of endocrine and neural adaptations that form a stress response. The corticotropin-releasing factor neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus integrate endocrine and neural inputs, and cause a cascade of events with resultant increased levels of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone and adrenal hormones. Although activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is associated with a large variety of stressors, the effects of seizures on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor neurons are essentially unknown. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the effects of generalized convulsive seizures on distinct and separate corticotropin-releasing factor cell populations in brain. Seizure-activated neurons were identified immunocytochemically through their expression of the Fos protein. Seizures were induced by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid. In the paraventricular nucleus, the vast majority of corticotropin-releasing factor-like parvocellular neurons also expressed Fos-like protein following seizure elicitation. This response was specific to corticotropin-releasing factor neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, as corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in central nucleus of the amygdala or bed nucleus of the stria terminalis did not simultaneously localize Fos following seizures.
The Demand for Life Insurance: An Application of the Economics of Uncertainty

Financial economists typically assume that capital income uncertainty, derived from investments in uncertain returned marketable securities, represents the major source of household consumption uncertainty. But, for many households, if not most, labor income uncertainty dominates capital income uncertainty. This study analyzes households optimal reactions to labor income (human capital) uncertainty that is derived from the possibility of their wage earners' non-survival. By introducing a risk resolution mechanism-an insurance market-and allowing for the possibility that future tastes may be state-dependent, simple demand-for-insurance equations are mathematically derived to explicitly describe households optimal responses to human capital uncertainty. THIS PAPER ANALYZES A problem of consumer choice in an environment of uncertainty. In dealing with consumer choice, one has a rather wide latitude in the specification of the assumed source of uncertainty and the object of consumer choice. For example, as Merton [20] points out, the most common sources of consumer uncertainty might include: * uncertainty about the future inflows of household income derived from investing in marketable assets (uncertain capital income), * uncertainty about the future inflows of household income derived from the wage earner's labor input (uncertain labor income), * uncertainty about the future age of death, * uncertainty about the future investment opportunity set, * uncertainty about future relative prices of consumption goods, the types of consumption goods available in the future, and future tastes. While various combinations of these sources of uncertainty have been analyzed in the past, the investigation of household capital income uncertainty, derived from investments in uncertain returned marketable securities, has received the
Fourier spectrum of beams chopped by circular apertures.

The circular apertures in the case investigated are uniformly spaced. It is assumed that modulation does not alter beam collimation and that diffraction from aperture edges can be neglected. It is also assumed that the diameter of the apertures is equal to the spacing between the trailing edge and the leading edge of successive apertures. The motion of apertures across the beam is rectilinear. Calculations have been performed for both homogeneous and bivariate normal intensity distributions. The absolute values of the first six Fourier coefficients are plotted as a function of the beam radius normalized to aperture radius.
Improving Power Amplifier Efficiency and Linearity Using a Dynamically Controlled Tunable Matching Network

This paper presents a tunable matching network that enhances both efficiency and linearity of power amplifiers (PAs). A medium-power amplifier with a varactor-based matching network is designed, fabricated, and tested. It is demonstrated that not only the power efficiency at reduced drive levels can be improved but also the AM-AM and AM-PM distortions of the PA are reduced when the tunable matching network is biased according to the input drive level. Moreover, under 3GPP WCDMA modulated input, the PA with a dynamically controlled tunable matching network achieves up to 5% improvement in drain efficiency when compared with a PA employing a fixed matching network.
Factor V Leiden and the risk of proximal venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains a major cause of morbidity in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Despite postoperative DVT prophylaxis, 20-50% of THA patients still develop DVT. Currently, there is no accurate way of predicting which patients will develop DVT despite standard prophylaxis. The presence of factor V Leiden is the most common cause of inherited DVT risk. It has been postulated that patients who have factor V Leiden and are subjected to thrombogenic stressors such as THA would have an increased risk of thrombosis. The factor V Leiden genotype of 36 patients who developed proximal DVT after surgery and 45 control patients who had THA but did not develop DVT was determined. All patients had had prophylaxis against thrombosis using intermittent pneumatic compression alone or in combination with warfarin or aspirin. Surveillance for proximal DVT was performed on all patients prior to discharge by duplex ultrasound. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, and type of operation. Three of 36 study patients who had developed DVT (8%) and 2 of 45 control patients who had not developed DVT (4%) were heterozygotes for factor V Leiden; these prevalences were not statistically different. Heterozygosity for factor V Leiden is not associated with DVT prophylaxis failure in patients undergoing THA.
The gene for the longest known Escherichia coli protein is a member of helicase superfamily II

The Escherichia coli rnt gene, which encodes the RNA-processing enzyme RNase T, is cotranscribed with a downstream gene. Complete sequencing of this gene indicates that its coding region encompasses 1,538 amino acids, making it the longest known protein in E. coli. The gene (tentatively termed lhr for long helicase related) contains the seven conserved motifs of the DNA and RNA helicase superfamily II. An approximately 170-kDa protein is observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 35S-labeled extracts prepared from cells in which lhr is under the control of an induced T7 promoter. This protein is absent when lhr is interrupted or when no plasmid is present. Downstream of lhr is the C-terminal region of a convergent gene with homology to glutaredoxin. Interruptions of chromosomal lhr at two different positions within the gene do not affect the growth of E. coli at various temperatures in rich or minimal medium, indicating that lhr is not essential for usual laboratory growth. lhr interruption also has no effect on anaerobic growth. In addition, cells lacking Lhr recover normally from starvation, plate phage normally, and display normal sensitivities to UV irradiation and H2O2. Southern analysis showed that no other gene closely related to lhr is present on the E. coli chromosome. These data expand the known size range of E. coli proteins and suggest that very large helicases are present in this organism.
Earned security, daily stress, and parenting: A comparison of five alternative models

Research suggests that adults who have developed a coherent perspective on their negative, early attachment relationships (i.e., earned secures) do not reenact poor parenting practices with their own children. However, no studies have addressed whether earned secures maintain positive parenting under the pressures of aversive environmental conditions. This study tested five alternative models that predict how earned secures parent under low and high stress in comparison to adults who had a positive upbringing (i.e., continuous secures) and adults who have an incoherent perspective on a troubled childhood (i.e., insecures). Only if earned secures exhibit effective caregiving under high stress, in comparison to the other security groups, can it be assumed that they have broken the intergenerational cycle of poor parenting. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to classify 97 mothers as earned secure, continuous secure, and insecure. Home observations of parenting and maternal self-reports of daily hassles (our stress measure) were obtained when children were 27 months old. Planned comparisons revealed that the diathesis-stress/incoherent present state of mind model most accurately predicted parenting. Thus, under high stress, the earned secures parented equivalently to the continuous secures and more positively than the insecures; under low stress no group differences were obtained. These findings indicate that in a normative sample earned secures break the intergenerational cycle and exhibit resilient parenting even under high stress conditions.
Adaptive Moving Window Method for 3D P-Velocity Tomography and Its Application in China

A new tomography method, the adaptive moving window, is introduced and applied to construct the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle of China and surrounding areas. More than 345,000 high-quality compressional body-wave phase data extracted from the Annual Bulletin of Chinese Earthquakes spanning from 1990 to 1998 are used. The area of interest is represented horizontally by 2338 points with 1° intervals. Each point is assigned a window (a cell or a region centered at each point) whose size is varied depending upon the ray path density. A five-layer 1D model from surface down to uppermost mantle is then determined at each point by performing a Monte Carlo random search where earthquake locations are held constant. Combining and smoothing the obtained 1D models, an equivalent 3D model is achieved. The predicted travel times through the 3D model match very well with the observed ones from local to regional distances. The model has a good correlation with tectonic features and is generally consistent with the existing models constructed by other researchers. Our model gives detailed information about structure and is feasible for application to high-quality earthquake location problems. Manuscript received 24 June 2003.
In Vitro Analysis of Tobramycin-Treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms on Cystic Fibrosis-Derived Airway Epithelial Cells

P. aeruginosa forms biofilms in the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, there have been no effective model systems for studying biofilm formation in the CF lung. We have developed a tissue culture system for growth of P. aeruginosa biofilms on CF-derived human airway cells that promotes the formation of highly antibiotic-resistant microcolonies, which produce an extracellular polysaccharide matrix and require the known abiotic biofilm formation genes flgK and pilB. Treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms with tobramycin reduced the virulence of the biofilms both by reducing bacterial numbers and by altering virulence gene expression. We performed microarray analysis of these biofilms on epithelial cells after treatment with tobramycin, and we compared these results with gene expression of (i) tobramycin-treated planktonic P. aeruginosa and (ii) tobramycin-treated P. aeruginosa biofilms on an abiotic surface. Despite the conservation in functions required to form a biofilm, our results show that the responses to tobramycin treatment of biofilms grown on biotic versus abiotic surfaces are different, as exemplified by downregulation of genes involved in Pseudomonas quinolone signal biosynthesis specifically in epithelial cell-grown biofilms versus plastic-grown biofilms. We also identified the gene PA0913, which is upregulated by tobramycin specifically in biofilms grown on CF airway cells and codes for a probable magnesium transporter, MgtE. Mutation of the PA0913 gene increased the bacterial virulence of biofilms on the epithelial cells, consistent with a role for the gene in the suppression of bacterial virulence. Taken together, our data show that analysis of biofilms on airway cells provides new insights into the interaction of these microbial communities with the host.
Construction of association networks from communication in teams working on complex projects

This paper introduces a semi-automated method for extracting the associations among components of a complex engineering project by mining transcripts of design discussions about the engineered artifact. We contribute a novel method for deriving network data from communication data. This method uses relational text analysis to construct networks representing associations among designed pieces of the artifact. Our analysis shows that association networks extracted with this method correlate highly with those extracted by humans, and those constructed based on expert interviews. This method can help scholars and practitioners understand the nature and evolution of the relationship between tasks and components, and the successful execution of complex projects. The association networks produced by our method can be used to reveal key properties of the project and may suggest the coordination required among project members. Collaboration technologies could potentially take advantage of these networks to infer gaps in actual coordination, discover changes in dependencies among team members as they emerge, and suggest appropriate courses of action to managers and people whose work is related. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 547–563, 2011 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A performance comparison of the IBM RS/6000 and the Astronautics ZS-1

A performance evaluation method for comparing and improving concurrent uniprocessor architectures is introduced, and a detailed case study of its application to two machines is reported. The architectures of the machines, the IBM RS/6000 and the Astronautics ZS-1, are described. The measured performance is given, and a model that yields hard bounds on a machine's performance on a benchmark is presented. The sources of performance loss, i.e. the difference between the model-derived bounds and the measured performance, are examined, and areas for improving the architectures are determined. >
Parents' Obesity-Related Behavior and Confidence to Support Behavioral Change in Their Obese Child: Data From the STAR Study

Abstract Objective Successful childhood obesity interventions frequently focus on behavioral modification and involve parents or family members. Parental confidence in supporting behavior change may be an element of successful family-based prevention efforts. We aimed to determine whether parents' own obesity-related behaviors were related to their confidence in supporting their child's achievement of obesity-related behavioral goals. Methods Cross-sectional analyses of data collected at baseline of a randomized control trial testing a treatment intervention for obese children (n = 787) in primary care settings (n = 14). Five obesity-related behaviors (physical activity, screen time, sugar-sweetened beverage, sleep duration, fast food) were self-reported by parents for themselves and their child. Behaviors were dichotomized on the basis of achievement of behavioral goals. Five confidence questions asked how confident the parent was in helping their child achieve each goal. Logistic regression modeling high confidence was conducted with goal achievement and demographics as independent variables. Results Parents achieving physical activity or sleep duration goals were significantly more likely to be highly confident in supporting their child's achievement of those goals (physical activity, odds ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.19–2.60; sleep, odds ratio 1.74; 95% confidence interval 1.09–2.79) independent of sociodemographic variables and child's current behavior. Parental achievements of TV watching and fast food goals were also associated with confidence, but significance was attenuated after child's behavior was included in models. Conclusions Parents' own obesity-related behaviors are factors that may affect their confidence to support their child's behavior change. Providers seeking to prevent childhood obesity should address parent/family behaviors as part of their obesity prevention strategies.
Forest variable estimation from fusion of SAR and multispectral optical data

Radar and optical remote sensing data are used in a unified algorithm to estimate forest variables. The study site is the H. J. Andrews experimental forest in Oregon, which has significant topography and several mature and old-growth conifer stands with biomass values sometimes exceeding 1000 tons/ha. Polarimetric multifrequency Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) backscatter, interferometric C-band Topographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (TOPSAR) coherence, and multispectral Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) digital numbers are used in a regression analysis that relates them to forest variable measurements on the ground. Parametric expressions are derived and used to estimate the same variables(s) at other locations from the combination of AIRSAR and TM data. It is shown that the estimation accuracy is significantly improved when the radar and optical data are used in combination compared to estimating the same variable from a single data type alone.
Three Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Cohesive Sediment Transport in a Shallow Oxbow Lake

This paper presents the development and application of a three-dimensional numerical model for simulating the cohesive sediment transport in water bodies where both currents and wind-driven waves are important. The model was verified by a simple test case with an analytical solution (nonconservative tracer in a prismatic channel with uniform flow) and applied to Deep Hollow Lake, a small oxbow lake in Leflore County, Mississippi. The model produced predictions within 2% of the analytical solution. The bottom shear stresses induced by currents and waves were calculated, and the processes of resuspension, deposition and settling were considered. The primary forces associated with sediment transport were caused by wind-induced currents and waves. Simulated sediment concentrations were compared with limited field observations available, with generally good agreement. Simulated concentrations for a scenario with wind-driven waves were about one to three times greater than for a simulation without wind-wave processes.
The Right U.S. Immigration Solution: 'Make Haste Slowly'

The problem with the Obama administration’s immigration enforcement policy is it substitutes Congress’ priorities and strategies for immigration enforcement with its own. An exclusively federal enforcement scheme or one tailored to target only criminal aliens has no support in federal immigration law. Yet the Executive branch continues to distort traditional federal preemption analysis asserting that it is their priorities and strategies that are determinative not Congress’. Making matters worse, President Obama continues to promise he will pursue comprehensive immigration reform, a process history suggests will be plagued by months of debate and appeasement of special interests resulting in legislation that “look[s] nothing like what was intended.” To stem illegal immigration, the Obama White House must abandon its exclusively federal and selective enforcement model. The long-term answer to illegal immigration is a uniform federal policy centered on intense Federal, State, and local enforcement. An attrition through enforcement model, characterized by (1) greater enforcement of current federal immigration law; (2) cooperative partnerships with state and federal agencies; and (3) vigorous enforcement of state immigration laws that discourage illegal immigrant settlement, represents a realistic strategy alternative to border fences, mass deportation or amnesty, or a reset strategy of comprehensive immigration reform. This scheme stands on solid legal footing as Congress has endorsed a joint enforcement strategy; not an exclusively federal model where states are forced to rely on a detached bureaucracy to deal with their largely local problems.
Numbering Formats for Hierarchic Lists

Sixteen people scanned lists of hierarchically numbered items to perform various tasks. For tasks involving location of individual items, a list format with complete numbering permitted superior performance. For tasks requiring perception of list structure, an alternative format with implicit numbering was equally good if not better.
The Effectiveness of Gifts as Unilateral Initiatives in Bargaining

Unilateral initiatives are intended to overcome hostility and impasse in bargaining by eliciting trust and thereby allowing for positive bargaining behavior. Previous research demonstrates the effectiveness of unilateral initiatives in the form of small symbolic concessions on the focal issue under negotiation. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of gift giving as unilateral initiatives and assesses the importance of two dimensions of gift giving—the cost of the gift to the giver and the benefit to the receiver. Subjects negotiated with a simulated actor that made unilateral initiatives in the form of gifts. The cost and benefit of the gifts were manipulated, and results indicate that the cost of the gifts was important in determining bargaining behavior (concession making and fine use) while the benefit of the gifts was less so. The effectiveness of gifts as unilateral initiatives implies the generality of the effect of initiatives across exchange domains.
Triangle Taste Tests: Are the Subjects who Respond Correctly Lucky or Good?:

When a triangle taste test, i.e., “Which of these three stimuli is different from the other two?”, is given twice to each subject, a natural question to ask is: “Are the subjects who got both tests...
R2-CHADS2 SCHEME PREDICTS POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES SIMILAR TO STS SCORE

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score is the preferred method to estimate preoperative risk in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Calculating this score is time-consuming and requires the use of a computer-based calculator. We aimed to compare the accuracy of R2-CHADS2 score and
Booster immunization with measles vaccine in 2010 in Pingdingshan City,Henan Province,China

Objec tive To analyze the data on booster immunization with measles vaccine in 2010 in Pingdingshan City,Henan Province,China and provide a basis for accelerating the control and elimination of measles.Methods An epidemiological investigation was performed on the data of booster immunization and field trial of measles vaccine in Pingdingshan in 2010.Results A total of 1 043 294 children were investigated,of whom 1 016 848 received booster immunization with measles vaccine in 2010,indicating an inoculation rate of 97.47%.During the booster immunization,a total of 20 cases of adverse effects following immunization(AEFI),including 2 cases of severe AEFI,were reported,indicating an occurrence rate of 0.19 / 100 000.A total of 747 790 children as target population were investigated for immunization history,of whom 1.01% had no immunization history while 3.81% had uncertain immunization history.The booster immunization was evaluated rapidly by sampling investigation.A total of 10 455 children were defined as target population,of which 10 146 were immunization,indicating an inoculation rate of 97.04%.Conclusion The first booster immunization in Pingdingshan decreased the morbidity rate of measles and formed an effective immunological barrier,which laid a foundation of elimination of the disease in the whole city and promoted the regular development of EPI.