cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The origin, definition, assimilation and endurance of instinctu naturae in Natural Law Parlance—From Isidore and Ulpian to Hobbes and Locke

This essay identifies the source, and traces both the subsequent use and the changing definition, of the expression instinctu naturae in the early history of natural law discourse. It also examines the later assimilation and endurance of the expression in English, as well as the efforts of Hobbes to proscribe the use, and Locke to limit the meaning, of the term instinct. Initially serving simply to predicate a divine stimulus as the source of human knowledge of the natural law-natura, id est Deus-instinctu naturae was later understood to refer to an instinct of human nature, that is, an instinct of the reason that defined human nature, an intuitive instinct that recognized immediately, in a pre-deliberative, non-discursive way, the self-evident practical principles of the moral order, once their terms were understood. ☆ This essay complements and extends the scope of an earlier article on the same topic in the Journal of the History of Ideas, 58 (1997) 173–98: “Instinct of Nature: Natural Law, Synderesis ...
A new actinolepid arthrodire (Class Placodermi) from the Lower Devonian Sevy Dolomite, East-Central Nevada

Abstract A new genus and species of actinolepid, Aleosteus eganensis , is descried from the Lower Devonian (Late Emsian) Sevy Dolomite in the Egan Range of east-central Nevada. A cladistic analysis of the family Actinolepidae is presented for the first time and shows the Baltic Actinolepis species form the primitive sister-group of all other actinolepids. Rapid evolution of the Actinolepidae during the Lochkovian is reflected in the dispersal of the family around the Old Red Sandstone Continent at this time followed by the development of endemic faunas through the Lower Devonian and into the Middle Devonian.
Using constraint propagation in blackboard systems: a flexible software architecture for reactive and distributed systems

Constraint propagation is explained, and the integration of problem-solving components is discussed. Validity and completeness results are considered, and the extension of constraint propagation to reactive and distributed systems using a blackboard architecture is addressed. >
Pratiques alimentaires, choix et individualisation : l’intérêt de la démarche biographique

Les choix alimentaires constituent un element essentiel du travail d’individualisation. Le marche et les conditions d’abondance alimentaire imposent actuellement le regime du choix : aux consommateurs de faire leurs choix et d’en justifier les raisons. Le parcours alimentaire etant primordial, complexe et dynamique, la sociologie se doit d’etudier les experiences des individus, comme point de depart pour l’analyse des grandes tendances. La demarche biographique releve les significations multiples — historique, culturelle, personnelle, sociale — du parcours alimentaire et met en lumiere les articulations de l’individu avec ses diverses instances de socialisation : famille, amis, universite, profession, ville, pays, virtuel, foi, loisirs, voyages et autres. Sous le regime du choix, le parcours alimentaire se revele etre une serie de defis renouveles journellement et qu’il faut negocier. Cet essai propose un modele de biographie alimentaire, dont les details indiquent le depassement de categories traditionnelles a l’analyse, telles que la nationalite.
Assessing Impacts of Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems Analysis Tools

This panel summary will provide an overview of distribution system analysis issues emanating from the integration of distributed generation. Specifically, impacts on models and subsequent analysis tools will be assessed.
Operationalizing proneness to externalizing psychopathology as a multivariate psychophysiological phenotype

The externalizing dimension is viewed as a broad dispositional factor underlying risk for numerous disinhibitory disorders. Prior work has documented deficits in event-related brain potential (ERP) responses in individuals prone to externalizing problems. Here, we constructed a direct physiological index of externalizing vulnerability from three ERP indicators and evaluated its validity in relation to criterion measures in two distinct domains: psychometric and physiological. The index was derived from three ERP measures that covaried in their relations with externalizing proneness-the error-related negativity and two variants of the P3. Scores on this ERP composite predicted psychometric criterion variables and accounted for externalizing-related variance in P3 response from a separate task. These findings illustrate how a diagnostic construct can be operationalized as a composite (multivariate) psychophysiological variable (phenotype).
Hierarchical models for systems reliability, maintainability, and availability

In this paper, the development of low-cost methodologies for the prediction and evaluation of system reliability, maintainability, and availability (RMA) is considered. Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN's) are used as an analytical modeling tool. A general method of analysis for GSPN's by state aggregation is presented. This concept of aggregation is then applied to subnetworks, at the GSPN level, to reduce the model complexity. Using the above, a hierarchical model is obtained, based on the notion of time scale decompsotion, for system RMA. The above concepts are illustrated by examples.
Piecemeal regional integration in the post-neoliberal era: negotiating migration policies within Mercosur

ABSTRACT The negotiation of migration issues within the Latin American Southern Cone Market (Mercosur) has gained momentum lately and has followed a specific (relatively autonomous and fast) dynamic that is unprecedented and contrasts with the slow and conflictive negotiations to achieve the bloc's economic goals. This study explains why negotiations to harmonize migration policies are taking place, why now, and how this is happening in a way that contradicts previous assumptions. It highlights a number of facts and explanatory factors largely neglected by the existing literature, such as: (1) instable political contexts in which social inequality, marginalization, and discontent call attention to socio-political issues and prompt state attempts to regulate human mobility cooperatively; (2) regional leadership that is not simply based on relative power and economic interests but on ideologically-loaded political projects and key actors who forge and legitimize a post-neoliberal consensus linking domestic ...
High-peak power from optically-pumped mid-IR semiconductor lasers

We describe high peak-power, broad area mid-infrared semiconductor lasers. The laser structures incorporated 14 type-II quantum wells imbedded in thick waveguide/absorber regions composed of InGaAsSb. The Fabry-Perot lasers were optically pumped with the output from a passively-Q-switched Ho:YAG laser capable of delivering 100 kW at 2.09 um. The emission from the optically pumped semiconductor laser (OPSL) was near 4.1 um. The emission was spectrally and temporally resolved and showed evidence for the creation of a hot-carrier population at the higher pump powers. A roll-over in the OPSL output power curve was observed at pump-powers greater than ∼20 kW. The maximum single-ended OPSL power was near 470W.
Invited Commentary---Dynamic Structural Consumer Models and Current Marketing Issues

Structural models integrate behavioral and psychological decision theory into economics models and are more aligned with the true underlying economic primitives of the consumers. This allows researchers to investigate more behavior-driven and process-oriented customer decision processes such as learning of product attributes, formation of a consideration sets, stockpiling, and flexible consumption that cannot be easily handled by traditional marketing models. Chintagunta et al. (2006) gives an excellent review on the development and applications of structural models in marketing for modeling both consumer demand and firm competition. Recent interests in consumer research have diversified from frequently purchased packaged goods to services, high-tech, Internet, and information industries. Consumers are observed to be more sophisticated, long-term oriented, risk averse, and rational when making purchase and consumption decisions in these product categories. Structural models are better choices to capture the nature of the sophisticated decision process under the new marketing environment and engineering. Given the thorough review of Chintagunta et al. (2006), I will focus only on the dynamic structural demand models that have the components of information processing, rational expectation, and/or endogenous decisions to trade off current and future utilities, and I discuss some current marketing issues that can be most appropriately addressed by these models.
Increased REM Sleep Density at Admission Predicts Relapse by Three Months in Primary Alcoholics with a Lifetime Diagnosis of Secondary Depression

Abstract Background: Having previously reported that 3-month relapse was associated with increased admission REM pressure in nondepressed primary alcoholics, we hypothesized that baseline polysomnography would predict outcome in primary alcoholics with a lifetime diagnosis of secondary depression. Methods: Twenty-one primary alcoholics with secondary depression received polysomnography and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale during the first and fourth weeks of a 1-month inpatient alcohol treatment program. Exclusion criteria included serious illness, current major alcohol withdrawal symptoms, other Axis I diagnoses, sleep apnea, nocturnal myoclonus, and psychoactive substances within 14 days of polysomnography. Relapse was defined as drinking any alcohol between hospital discharge and 3-month follow-up. Results: Relapsers’ total sleep time was reduced, and REM density (reflecting REM sleep ocular activity) was increased significantly throughout admission compared with abstainers. Sleep continuity and Hamilton scores improved by discharge in sober and relapsing alcoholics. Factors derived from admission REM latency, REM percent, and REM density predicted sobriety vs. relapse within 3 months after hospital discharge in 76% of patients. Admission REM density was greater, and total sleep time was less in relapsers than in patients sober at 3 months. Conclusions: Results suggest that increased REM density and decreased total sleep time at about 2–4 weeks of abstinence predict relapse by 3 months in depressed alcoholics.
MIMO wireless communication channel phenomenology

Wireless communication using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems enables increased spectral efficiency and link reliability for a given total transmit power. Increased capacity is achieved by introducing additional spatial channels which are exploited using space-time coding. The spatial diversity improves the link reliability by reducing the adverse effects of link fading and shadowing. The choice of coding and the resulting performance improvement are dependent upon the channel phenomenology. In this paper, experimental channel-probing estimates are reported for outdoor environments near the personal communication services frequency allocation (1790 MHz). A simple channel parameterization is introduced. Channel distance metrics are introduced. Because the bandwidth of the channel-probing signal (1.3 MHz) is sufficient to resolve some delays in outdoor environments, frequency-selective fading is also investigated. Channel complexity and channel stationarity are investigated. Complexity is associated with channel-matrix singular value distributions. Stationarity is associated with the stability of channel singular value and singular vector structure over time.
Pharmacists' Preferences for Continuing Education and Certificate Programs

OBJECTIVE:To conduct an assessment of the needs and interests of West Virginia pharmacists with respect to continuing education (CE) and certificate programs (CP) versus a nontraditional PharmD program (NTP).METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted. The survey was mailed to 2800 West Virginia University School of Pharmacy alumni and West Virginia licensed pharmacists. The survey collected data pertaining to pharmacists' perceptions for the needs of CE, CP, and the NTP program; the optimal structuring of these programs; and the demographics of participants.RESULTS:A 24% (674) usable response rate was achieved from two mailings. Respondents were asked to address all areas of interest: approximately 75% showed interest in enrolling in CE, 45% in CP, and 40% in the NTP program. Interest levels varied across demographic and practice characteristics. Seven methods of instruction were evaluated by pharmacists, with live lectures being the most preferred for both CE and CP. Interest for specific content area...
Artifacts In FT-Raman Spectroscopy

The rapid improvements in detector technology, interferometer optimization and filter technology have brought the sensitivity in FT-Raman spectroscopy to a point where spectra can be recorded quite readily from most samples. The limitation is no longer due to detector noise. Instead, the problem of spectral artifact lines has now become the primary concern. We have identified several general groups of spectral artifacts, some of which are sample independent.
Partially preemptible hash joins

With the advent of real-time and goal-oriented database systems, priority scheduling is likely to be an important feature in future database management systems. A consequence of priority scheduling is that a transaction may lose its buffers to higher-priority transactions, and may be given additional memory when transactions leave the system. Due to their heavy reliance on main memory, hash joins are especially vulnerable to fluctuations in memory availability. Previous studies have proposed modifications to the hash join algorithm to cope with these fluctuations, but the proposed algorithms have not been extensively evaluated or compared with each other. This paper contains a performance study of these algorithms. In addition, we introduce a family of memory-adaptive hash join algorithms that turns out to offer even better solutions to the memory fluctuation problem that hash joins experience.
Recurrent adult jejuno-jejunal intussusception due to inflammatory fibroid polyp – Vanek’s tumour: a case report

Background: Adult intussusception is a rare but challenging condition. Preoperative diagnosis is frequently missed or delayed because of nonspecific or sub-acute symptoms. Case presentation: We present the case of a sixty-two year old gentleman who initially presented with pseudo-obstruction. Computerised tomography displayed a jejuno-jejunal intussusception, which was treated by primary laparoscopic reduction. The patient re-presented with acute small bowel obstruction two weeks later. He underwent a laparotomy showing recurrent intussusception and required a small bowel resection with primary anastomosis. Histological examination of the specimen revealed that the intussusception lead point was due to an inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek’s tumour) causing double invagination. Conclusions: Adult intussusception presents with a variety of acute, intermittent, and chronic symptoms, thus making its preoperative diagnosis difficult. Although computed tomography is useful in confirming an anatomical abnormality, final diagnosis requires histopathological analysis. Vanek’s tumours arising within the small bowel rarely present with obstruction or intussusception. The optimal surgical management of adult small bowel intussusception varies between reduction and resection. Reduction can be attempted in small bowel intussusceptions provided that the segment involved is viable and malignancy is not suspected. Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/ 7292185123639943
Brief Canonical forms for stochastic nonlinear systems

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of diffeomorphisms that transform stochastic nonlinear systems to three canonical forms are derived based on the so-called invariance under transformation rule
The Body Scan and Mindful Breathing Among Veterans with PTSD: Type of Intervention Moderates the Relationship Between Changes in Mindfulness and Post-treatment Depression.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a promising intervention for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression; however, a more detailed examination of the different elements of MBSR and various facets of mindfulness to determine what works best for whom is warranted. One hundred and two veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of four arms: (a) body scan (BS; n = 27), (b) mindful breathing (MB; n = 25), (c) slow breathing (SB; n = 25), or (d) sitting quietly (SQ; n = 25). The purpose of this study was to (a) examine two separate components of MBSR (i.e., body scan and mindful breathing) among veterans with PTSD when compared to a nonmindfulness intervention (SB) and a control group (SQ), (b) assess if changes in specific mindfulness facets were predictive of post-treatment PTSD and depression for individuals who participated in a mindfulness intervention (BS vs. MB), and (c) investigate if type of mindfulness intervention received would moderate the relationship between pre- to post-treatment changes in mindfulness facets and post-treatment outcomes in PTSD and depression. Participants in the mindfulness groups experienced significant decreases in PTSD and depression symptom severity and increases in mindfulness, whereas the nonmindfulness groups did not. Among veterans who participated in a mindfulness group, change in the five facets of mindfulness accounted for 23 % of unique variance in the prediction of post-treatment depression scores. Simple slope analyses revealed that type of mindfulness intervention moderated the relationship among changes in facets of mindfulness and post-treatment depression.
From Prohibiting Segregation to Requiring Integration

The Supreme Court’s constitutional decisions on race and the schools merit study not only because of their intrinsic importance but even more so as a means of understanding the nature and source of constitutional law in general. They demonstrate, perhaps more clearly than the court’s decisions in any other area, not only the trite and obvious fact that “the Constitution is what the Court says it is” and therefore does not restrain the court’s power, but also the much less frequently noted fact that neither is the court restrained by any requirement of truth or logic in its written opinions.
[Postpartum hemorrhage: perspectives in the United States].

L'hemorragie severe du post-partum qui se definit par une perte de sang excedant 500 ml est une complication importante de l'accouchement et une cause significative de morbidite et mortalite maternelles. La persistance d'un saignement apres l'accouchement est frequemment attribuee a une atonie uterine. Il resulte de cet evenement que des agents inducteurs de la contractilite myometriale comme les ocytociques ou le Methergin® sont utilises en routine pour le traitement de l'hemorragie de la delivrance. Avec l'introduction des prostaglandines (PG) et surtout des PGF 2 -α, le recours a l'intervention chirurgicale pour les hemorragies les plus severes est devenu de moins en moins frequent. Recemment, il y a eu egalement une augmentation de l'utilisation de la radiologie interventionnelle avec embolisation et/ou injection de substances vaso-actives. Differents facteurs sont retrouves predisposant a l'atonie uterine: l'hypotension, l'anesthesie qu'elle soit generale ou peridurale, l'usage de tocolytiques, la chorio-amniotite et le travail prolonge. De plus, l'accouchement par cesarienne en dehors du travail est associe plus frequemment a une atonie uterine. En consequence, des pertes sanguines significatives accompagnent habituellement les cesariennes lorsqu'elles sont comparees a l'accouchement par voie basse. Il est tout a fait reconnu que l'utilisation prophylactique d'ocytocine apporte des benefices substantiels en prevenant et en reduisant la severite des hemorragies du post-partum lorsqu'elles surviennent. Enfin, l'application d'un modele evaluant le cout suggere de reelles economies lorsque l'on utilise en routine des ocytociques de facon prophylactique de l'hemorragie de la delivrance.
Dental student experiences with gambling: a survey of attitudes, exposure, and impact.

The aim of this study is to assess the extent and characteristics of gambling among dental students. Three hundred sixteen dental students enrolled at a private midwestern dental school accessed the twenty-six-item modified South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) as an online survey. Students were advised of the anonymity and confidentiality of the survey results. Student characteristics are presented as descriptive data. One hundred eighty-six students (58.9 percent) responded. Nearly two-thirds (61.3 percent) of the respondents reported having gambled at least once during the past twelve months. Using the SOGS score, six students can be considered problem gamblers with a value of 3 but
Karyology of the Boll Weevil

A karyotypic study of Anthonomus grandis Boheman based on germinal and somatic tissue revealed a diploid chromosome number of 22. The eleven pairs of chromosomes were classified into three morphological groups.
Influence of Sweet Bait-Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Combinations on Adult Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki was lethal to adults of Heliothis virescens (F.) when fed to moths in a sucrose solution. Results suggest that spores alone are capable of producing a lethal response, although mortality is enhanced when crystals are present. Sprays of B. thuringiensis (1.12 kg/ha) combined with sugar (5.6 kg/ha) were superior to B. thuringiensis applied alone or in combination with molasses in reducing longevity and fecundity of adults confined on treated colton terminals or released onto treated plants in field cages. Reduced fecundity observed in B. thuringiensis treatments was apparrently a function of shortened adult longevity.
Depression of phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system by antilymphocytic serum.

SummaryAntilymphocytic serum induced a profound decrease in phagocytic activity of the RES as reflected by the impairment in the intravascular clearance of gelatinized “RE test lipid emulsion.” The phagocytic alterations were due to a selective impairment in hepatic phagocytosis, as localization of the labeled test emulsion by lung and spleen was unaltered. The depression of hepatic phagocytosis was not related to an alteration in plasma opsonic activity. A direct injurious effect of ALS on Kupffer cells was demonstrated not only by the ALS-induced impairment in Kupffer cell phagocytic activity, as assayed by in vitro techniques, but also by the cytotoxicity of ALS on macrophages. The immunosuppressive activity of ALS, as well as certain other detrimental consequences of ALS administration may be related, in part, to ALS-induced alteration of the macrophage host-defense system.
Spaces hereditarily of κ-type and point κ-type

In this paper we discuss the structure of regular spaces hereditarily of κ-type and point κ-type. In particular, it is shown that a regular spaceX is hereditarily of point κ-type iff for everyp∈X there is a setE (possibly empty) of isolated points ofX such that (1)E∪{p} is compact and (2)X(E∪{p}, X)≤κ.
Phellinus Torulosus in North America

SUMMARYPhellinus torulosus (Pers.) Bourd. et Galz. has been found in two mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona. It occurs at elevations of 8,000 ft or above, mostly on southwestern white pine (Pi...
Hospital Readmissions Following Endovascular Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Associations With Wound Healing, Major Adverse Limb Events, and Mortality

Background The significance of hospital readmission after endovascular therapy for critical limb ischemia (CLI) is not well established. We sought to investigate the incidence, timing, and causes of readmissions after endovascular therapy for CLI and whether readmission is associated with major adverse limb events (MALE) or mortality. Methods and Results This was a retrospective study of 252 patients treated with endovascular therapy for CLI. During median follow‐up of 381 days (interquartile range [IQR], 115–718), 140 (56%) were readmitted, with median time to readmission of 83 days (IQR, 33–190). Readmission within 30 days occurred in 14% of patients (n=35; 25% of readmissions). Most readmissions occurred between 30 and 180 days (n=67; 48% of readmissions). The most frequent reason for readmission was unhealed wounds (n=63; 45% of readmissions). Independent predictors of readmission by Cox proportional hazards analysis were unhealed wounds, presence of multiple wounds, age ≥70, female sex, hemodialysis, and history of heart failure ( P <0.05 for each). By Kaplan–Meier analysis, readmission was greatest in patients with unhealed wounds, followed by patients who never had a wound, and lowest in patients whose wounds completely healed ( P <0.0001 overall, and P <0.01 between groups). After multivariable adjustment, readmission remained an independent predictor of composite MALE (major amputation, bypass, or endarterectomy) or mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5–6.5; P =0.002). Conclusions Most readmissions occur 30 and 180 days after endovascular therapy for nonprocedural reasons. Unhealed wounds are an independent risk factor for readmission. Readmission is associated with increased MALE and mortality after endovascular therapy for CLI.
The Botnet Problem

This chapter addresses the issue of Internet service provider (ISP) network protection, with a focus on addressing bots and botnets, which are a serious and growing problem for end users and ISP networks. Botnets are formed by maliciously infecting end-user computers and other devices with bot (from the word robot) software through a variety of means, and surreptitiously controlling the devices remotely to transmit onto the Internet spam and other attacks (targeting both end users and the network itself). This chapter examines potentially relevant existing best practices (BPs) and identifies additional best practices to address this growing problem. The chapter also identifies best practices that address protection for end users as well as the network. The best practices are organized into the logical steps required to address botnets. The first step is prevention, followed by detection, notification, and then mitigation. In addition, the best practices on privacy considerations are also identified to address the handling of customer information in botnet response. The best practices identified are primarily for use by ISPs that provide service to consumer end users on residential broadband networks, but may apply to other end users and networks as well. It is critical to note that best practices in general are not applicable in every situation because of multiple factors. Therefore, the best practices are intended to be voluntary in nature for ISPs and may not apply in all contexts (and thus for a host of reasons should not be made mandatory). With this understanding, this chapter recommends that the best practices can be implemented by ISPs, where applicable, in order to address the growing botnet problem in consumer end-user devices and ISP networks.
Development and Impact of Tourism Industry in India

Tourism Industry in India is one of the most profitable industries in the country and contributes substantially to foreign exchange earned. Today tourism is the largest service industry in India, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and providing 8.78% of the total employment. India witnesses’ more than 5 million annual foreign tourist arrivals and 562 million domestic tourism visits. The travel and tourism sector supported 25 million jobs in 2012 directly related to the tourism sector. Constituting 4.9 per cent of the total employment in the country in 2012, this is expected to amount to 31 million jobs by 2023. The demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8.2 per cent between 2010 and 2019 and will place India at the third position in the world. India's travel and tourism sector is expected to be the second largest employer in the world, employing 40,037,000 by 2019. With the expectation of further liberalization policies FDI in the tourism sector is likely to increase from the current US$450 million to US$1.5 billion by 2010 and increase the number of foreign tourist arrivals to 10 million in 2011. The recent inflow of FDI to India has helped to create 1980 new hotels with 109,392 rooms. In 2015, tourism is expected to generate 36.4 per cent of world gross domestic product; 14.05 per cent of global capital investments; 13.23 per cent of worldwide employment; and 32.14 per cent of worldwide exports of goods and services. Tourism industry in India is growing and it has vast potential for generating employment and earning large amount of foreign exchange besides giving a fillip to the country’s overall economic and social development. Despite of several efforts by the central and state government the growth of tourism industry is not getting that status which actually Indian Tourism deserves. It is time that India should search and make efforts on global market to offer the best product mix and adopting right strategies for the promotion of tourism.
Testing GPS systems and devices with M-Code

A major component of GPS modernization, M-Code offers further improvement to the anti-jamming and secure access of radio-navigation signals to the armed forces. M-Code is required for all US DOD applications after FY17. This paper provides a brief update on the introduction of M-code as the replacement for the previous generation of encrypted GPS known as SAASM. It then describes testing M-Code compatible systems by RF simulation for integrators and testers of navigation systems to ensure a successful transition to M-Code receivers.
Back-Calculation of Resilient Modulus and Prediction of Permanent Deformation for Fine-Grained Subgrade under Cyclic Loading

AbstractSubgrade of roadways is subjected to repeated traffic loading at different loading intensities. The resilient modulus of subgrade is one of the important parameters for the design of paveme...
Tapered-Tip Capillary Electrophoresis Nano-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Ultrasensitive Proteomics: the Mouse Cortex

Ultrasensitive characterization of the proteome raises the potential to understand how differential gene expression orchestrates cell heterogeneity in the brain. Here, we report a microanalytical capillary electrophoresis nano-flow electrospray ionization (CE-nanoESI) interface for mass spectrometry to enable the measurement of limited amounts of proteins in the mouse cortex. Our design integrates a custom-built CE system to a tapered-tip metal emitter in a co-axial sheath-flow configuration. This interface can be constructed in <15 min using readily available components, facilitating broad adaptation. Tapered-tip CE-nanoESI generates stable electrospray by reproducibly anchoring the Taylor cone, minimizes sample dilution in the ion source, and ensures efficient ion generation by sustaining the cone-jet spraying regime. Parallel reaction monitoring provided a 260-zmol lower limit of detection for angiotensin II (156,000 copies). CE was able to resolve a complex mixture of peptides in ~330,000 theoretical plates and identify ~15 amol (~1 pg) of BSA or cytochrome c. Over 30 min of separation, 1 ng protein digest from the mouse cortex yielded 217 nonredundant proteins encompassing a ~3-log-order concentration range using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Identified proteins included many products from genes that are traditionally used to mark oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Finally, key proteins involved in neurodegenerative disorders were detected (e.g., parkinsonism and spastic paraplegia). CE-nanoESI-HRMS delivers sufficient sensitivity to detect proteins in limited amounts of tissues and cell populations to help understand how gene expression differences maintain cell heterogeneity in the brain.
Collaboration, confrontation, and controversy: the politics of monument restoration in Georgia and the case of Bagrati Cathedral

This paper examines the history of the restoration, or more accurately, reconstruction of Bagrati Cathedral in western Georgia. Constructed in 1003, Bagrati Cathedral is an important cultural monum...
Type localities for species of amphibians and reptiles described from Costa Rica

The geographic type locality for all species, subspecies and varieties of amphibians and reptiles, originally described from Costa Rica, are listed alphabetically. Altitude, vegetation and notes on the locale, together with the taxa described from it are included. The list provides a framework for understanding the sources of old collections in the milieu of historical and economic development, and a basic bibliography of Costa Rican herpetology.
Episodic memory functions in first episode psychosis and clinical high risk individuals

Objective Individuals with schizophrenia have disproportionate memory impairments when encoding relational versus item-specific information, and when using recollection versus familiarity during retrieval. It is unclear whether this pattern is unique to people with chronic schizophrenia, or if it occurs in individuals after a first episode of psychosis (FE), or when at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR).
Material and energy loss due to human and machine error in commercial FDM printers

Abstract Additive manufacturing is thought to have environmental benefits. However, material waste and energy consumption could be larger than expected due to human or printer error. In general, fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers using ABS plastic have three stages for parts fabrication: the standby period, preheating process and the printing process. In practice, the quantity of support material is influenced by the part orientation and settings of the printing. Material waste and energy consumption for commercial FDM printers using ABS material in a heavily utilized open shop were analyzed. The failed prints were classified into 9 different categories and analyzed. The data indicated that about 34% of the plastic used in the open studio was wasted. Only considering the failed prints as the extra amount of material consumed under realistic conditions, the mass of material lost to failed builds was about 2.22 times what might be estimated in a controlled process study. For energy consumption, the standby period and preheating time vary for every job, which results in variability of energy consumption. The printing time is based on the geometry of parts being built, the part printing orientation and setting of that print. From collected data, the preheating energy consumption is 0.835 MJ/kg, the printing is 21.5 MJ/kg, and the standby is 9.5 MJ/kg. Moreover, suggestions to reduce the building cost for each failure type are given. A life cycle inventory (LCI) combining the material waste and energy consumption data of FDM reveals that actual energy consumption may be 50% more than under ideal conditions.
Hematoma Expansion Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms Targeting the Coagulation Cascade and Platelet Activation

Hematoma expansion (HE), defined as a greater than 33% increase in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume within the first 24 hours, results in significant neurological deficits, and enhancement of ICH-induced primary and secondary brain injury. An escalation in the use of oral anticoagulants has led to a surge in the incidences of oral anticoagulation-associated ICH (OAT-ICH), which has been associated with a greater risk for HE and worse functional outcomes following ICH. The oral anticoagulants in use include vitamin K antagonists, and direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors. Fibrinolytic agents are also frequently administered. These all act via differing mechanisms and thus have varying degrees of impact on HE and ICH outcome. Additionally, antiplatelet medications have also been increasingly prescribed, and result in increased bleeding risks and worse outcomes after ICH. Aspirin, thienopyridines, and GPIIb/IIIa receptor blockers are some of the most common agents in use clinically, and also have different effects on ICH and hemorrhage growth, based on their mechanisms of action. Recent studies have found that reduced platelet activity may be more effective in predicting ICH risk, hemorrhage expansion, and outcomes, than antiplatelet agents, and activating platelets may thus be a novel target for ICH therapy. This review explores how dysfunctions or alterations in the coagulation and platelet cascades can lead to, and/or exacerbate, hematoma expansion following intracerebral hemorrhage, and describe the mechanisms behind these effects and the drugs that induce them. We also discuss potential future therapy aimed at increasing platelet activity after ICH.
Bile Acids and Tryptophan Metabolism Are Novel Pathways Involved in Metabolic Abnormalities in BPA-Exposed Pregnant Mice and Male Offspring

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals impacts maternal and fetal health, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We previously showed that dietary exposure to 10 µg/kg body weight (bw)/d and 10 mg/kg bw/d of bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy induced metabolic abnormalities in F1 male offspring and gestational glucose intolerance in F0 pregnant mice. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underlying etiologies of BPA exposure-induced metabolic disease by analyzing the male fetal liver metabolome. Using the Metabolon Discover HD4 Platform, our laboratory identified metabolic pathways that were altered by BPA exposure, including biochemicals in lipid and amino acid metabolism. Specifically, primary and secondary bile acids were increased in liver from BPA-exposed embryonic day 18.5 male fetuses. We subsequently showed that increased bile acid was associated with a defective farnesoid X receptor-dependent negative feedback mechanism in BPA-exposed fetuses. In addition, through metabolomics, we observed that BPA-exposed fetuses had elevated tryptophan levels. Independent liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry measurement revealed that BPA-exposed dams also had increased tryptophan levels relative to those of controls. Because several key enzymes in tryptophan catabolism are vitamin B6 dependent and vitamin B6 deficiencies have been linked to gestational diabetes, we tested the impact of vitamin B6 supplementation and showed that it rescued gestational glucose intolerance in BPA-exposed pregnant mice. Our study has therefore identified two pathways (bile acid and tryptophan metabolism) that potentially underlie BPA-induced maternal and fetal metabolic disease.
CFD simulation of multiphase flows and erosion predictions under annular flow and low liquid loading conditions

Abstract For many industrial applications dealing with gas-liquid flow, transporting gas and liquid simultaneously causes many challenges. Prediction of erosion in multiphase flow is a complex problem due to lack of accurate models for calculating particle impact velocities in multiphase flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies of annular flow are being conducted to investigate annular flow behavior and particle impact characteristics. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was employed for air-water flow simulation with high gas velocities and low liquid rates. Simulation results are compared with results obtained with Eulerian-Eulerian with Multi-Fluid VOF approach with the same flow rates. CFD simulations of annular flow were also compared and validated with experimental data previously obtained with wire-mesh sensors. The liquid film thickness in bends can significantly affect erosion, therefore the simulation results of liquid film thickness trends are also investigated based on the gas and liquid flow rates. Particle tracking along with flow simulations have been solved simultaneously, and the maximum values of mass removal calculated with current erosion models were recorded in order to calculate the maximum erosion magnitudes. Particle impact characteristics including particle impact velocities, particle impact angles as well as particle impact number distribution along the bend were studied in several cases with different superficial gas and liquid velocities. Predicted erosion ratios are compared with available experimental data and show very good agreement.
Key institutions in business and management education research

ABSTRACTThe authors investigate institutional productivity in business and management education (BME) research based on the analysis of 4,464 articles published by 7,210 authors across 17 BME journals over a 10-year period, involving approximately 1,900 schools worldwide. Departing from traditional disciplinary silos, they examine the BME research field as a whole by including all traditional business disciplinary areas and producing two top 100 rankings, one based on raw number of author publications and the other based on weighted scores reflecting journal quality and coauthorship.
Dual Stain With SATB2 and CK20/Villin Is Useful to Distinguish Colorectal Carcinomas From Other Tumors.

Objectives Small sample size limits the number of immunostains that may be attempted in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) biopsy specimens. We investigated the utility of dual stain with special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2) or caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) or villin in identifying CRC. Methods Tissue microarrays with 222 CRCs and 375 other carcinomas were built. Dual stain was performed pairing nuclear stains CDX2 or SATB2 with CK20 or villin. Results All four single stains showed excellent sensitivity (93%-99%) but variable specificity (56%-88%) for CRC. All four dual stains also showed excellent sensitivity (90%-96%) while much improved specificity (88%-98%) compared with single stains. SATB2 dual stain (with CK20 or villin) showed a higher specificity than CDX2 dual stain (with CK20 or villin) with a comparable sensitivity. Conclusions SATB2 dual stain shows the greatest potential clinical utility in identifying CRC and is superior to CDX2 dual stain. More important, SATB2 dual stain could be helpful for specimens with limited tissues or those having a nonclassic staining pattern.
The Antiarrhythmic Drug, Amiodarone, Decreases AKT Activity and Sensitizes Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Apoptosis by ABT-263.

Abstract Background Successful treatment of leukemia requires new medications to combat drug resistance, but the development of novel therapies is an arduous and risky endeavor. Repurposing currently approved drugs or those already in clinical development to treat other indications is a more practical approach. Moreover, combinatorial therapeutics are often more efficacious than single agent therapeutics because the former can simultaneously target multiple pathways that mitigate tumor aggressiveness and induce cancer cell death. Material and Methods In this study, we combined the class III antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone and the BH3 mimetic ABT-263 based on data from a prior drug screen to assess the degree of apoptotic induction in 2 human leukemia cell lines. Results The combination yielded statistically significant increases in apoptosis in both cell lines by downregulating AKT activity and increasing cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that combining K+ channel blockers with prosurvival Bcl-2 family inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach in treating leukemia.
The Alladi–Schur Polynomials and Their Factorization

K. Alladi first observed the following variant of I. Schur’s 1926 partition theorem. Namely, the number of partitions of n in which all parts are odd and none appears more than twice equals the number of partitions of n in which all parts differ by at least 3 and more than 3 if one of the parts is a multiple of 3. Subsequently, the theorem was refined to count also the number of parts in the relevant partitions. In this paper, a surprising factorization of the related polynomial generating functions is developed.
Suicide and Additional Homicides Associated with Intimate Partner Homicide: North Carolina 2004-2013.

Intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a critical public health and safety issue in the USA. In this study, we determine the prevalence and correlates of perpetrator suicide and additional homicides following intimate partner homicide (IPH) in a large, diverse state with high quality data. We extract IPHs from the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System for 2004–2013 and identify suicides and other homicides that were part of the same incidents. We analyze the likelihood (in odds ration form) of perpetrator suicide and additional homicides using logistic regression analysis. Almost all IPH-suicide cases were by men with guns (86.6%). Almost one-half of IPHs committed by men with guns ended with suicide. Male-perpetrated IPH incidents averaged 1.58 deaths if a gun was used, and 1.14 deaths otherwise. It is well-known that gun access increases the chance that a violent domestic relationship will end in death. The current findings demonstrate that gun IPH is often coupled with additional killings. As suicidal batterers will not be deterred from IPH by threat of punishment, the results underline the importance of preemption by limiting batterers’ access to guns.
Ambient Factors Controlling the Wintertime Precipitation Distribution Across Mountain Ranges in the Interior Western United States. Part I: Insights from Regional Climate Simulations

AbstractThis study analyzes the control of upstream conditions on the distribution of wintertime precipitation across mountain ranges in the interior western United States using 10 winters of high-...
The interstitial variant of granuloma annulare: Clinicopathologic study of 69 cases with a comparison with conventional granuloma annulare.

Background The full-blown lesion of granuloma annulare (GA) is characterized by necrobiotic granulomas with palisading of histiocytes and stromal mucin deposition. Cases in which the granulomatous features are not fully developed have been described as the "interstitial" variant; however, there is no good definition regarding their criteria for diagnosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 97 cases of GA. Results Cases of interstitial GA (69) were paucicellular with scant to no mucin, with only a few scattered mononuclear cells but lacking well-formed granulomas with multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemical study showed that the cells in conventional cases of GA stained strongly positive for CD68 and CD163, whereas the small mononuclear cells in interstitial GA were strongly positive only for CD163. Conclusions Interstitial GA differs from the classical GA in several respects, including morphology and immunophenotype. Use of antibodies to CD163 may be helpful for distinguishing the interstitial variant from other conditions. Recognition of the interstitial variant is of importance to explain the presence of lesions that clinically are suspicious for GA but histologically do not resemble the conventional form of the disease.