cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic simulation-assignment methodology to evaluate in-vehicle information strategies in urban traffic networks

A model combining traffic simulation and path assignment capabilities is presented to analyze the effect of in-vehicle real-time information on the performance of a congested traffic network. The research integrates the main components of a traffic network under real-time information, namely, the traffic flow, the driver behavior, and the network information dissemination, into a single modeling framework which is then used to study the underlying dynamics and evaluate alternative designs of such traffic systems. Drivers' route decisions in response to the information are modeled individually at each node. Results of a series of simulation experiments are discussed. Special coding considerations for efficient vector processing on supercomputers are also examined. >
Continuous arterial blood gas monitoring in pediatric patients: analysis of prolonged monitoring using the Paratrend 7 system

Continuous blood gas monitoring is a new addition to the intensive care unit. The Paratrend 7 contains sensors to measure pH and PCO2, an electrode to measure PO2, and a thermistor to measure temperature. The entire apparatus can be placed via a 20 gauge arterial catheter. Because the initial proposed life span of the sensor was 72 h, those children who had it in place greater than this period form the basis of this analysis.
Strategic Challenges for Application Development Productivity in Reconfigurable Computing

Performance and versatility requirements arising from escalating fabrication costs and design complexities are making reconfigurable computing technologies increasingly advantageous on the roadmap towards many-core technologies. This reformation in device architectures is necessitating a critical reformation in application design methods to bridge the widening semantic gap between design productivity and execution efficiency. This paper explores the strategic challenges in FPGA design methodologies and evaluates potential solutions and their impact on future DoD applications and users. A new research initiative, strategic infrastructure for reconfigurable computing applications (SIRCA), has also been proposed as a potential new DARPA program to address the FPGA productivity problem.
An affordable millimeter-wave beam-steerable antenna using interleaved planar subarrays

Design and fabrication aspects of an affordable planar beam steerable antenna array with a simple architecture are considered in this paper. Grouping the elements of a phased array into a number of partially overlapped subarrays and using a single phase shifter for each subarray, generally results in a considerable reduction in array size and manufacturing costs. However, overlapped subarrays require complicated corporate feed networks and array architectures that cannot be easily implemented using planar technologies. In this paper a novel feed network and array architecture for implementing a planar phased array of microstrip antennas is presented that enables the fabrication of low-sidelobe, compact, beam-steerable millimeter-wave arrays and facilitates integration of the RF front-end electronics with the antenna structure. This design uses a combination of series and parallel feeding schemes to achieve the desired array coefficients. The proposed approach is used to design a three-state switched-beam phased array with a scanning width of /spl plusmn/10/spl deg/. This phased array which is composed of 80 microstrip elements, achieves a gain of >20 dB, a sidelobe level of 6.3% for all states of the beam. The antenna efficiency is measured at 33-36% in X band. It is shown that the proposed feeding scheme is insensitive to the mutual coupling among the elements.
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Individuals’ Perceptions: An Analogue Study

One hundred twenty-six participants who self-identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual read a vignette of an intake counseling interview. Half of the participants read a vignette that contained heterosexist language, and the other group reviewed a vignette that was free of heterosexist language bias. The authors hypothesized that the heterosexist bias-free group would (a) perceive and rate the counselor more positively, (b) express a higher likelihood of returning to see the counselor, (c) express greater willingness to disclose personal information to the counselor, and (d) express greater comfort in disclosing sexual orientation to the counselor than would the group that reviewed the vignette with heterosexist bias. Results were consistent with all four hypotheses, with the largest effects occurring for utilization intent and for comfort disclosing sexual orientation.
When an ATPase Is Not an ATPase: at Low Temperatures the C-Terminal Domain of the ABC Transporter CvaB Is a GTPase

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to a large superfamily of proteins which share a common function and a common nucleotide-binding domain. The CvaB protein from Escherichia coli is a member of the bacterial ABC exporter subfamily and is essential for the export of the peptide antibiotic colicin V. Here we report that, surprisingly, the CvaB carboxyl-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (BCTD) can be preferentially cross-linked to GTP but not to ATP at low temperatures. The cross-linking is Mg2+ and Mn2+ dependent. However, BCTD possesses similar GTPase and ATPase activities at 37 degrees C, with the same kinetic parameters and with similar responses to inhibitors. Moreover, a point mutation (D654H) in CvaB that completely abolishes colicin V secretion severely impairs both GTPase and ATPase activities in the corresponding BCTD, indicating that the two activities are from the same enzyme. Interestingly, hydrolysis activity of ATP is much more cold sensitive than that of GTP: BCTD possesses mainly GTP hydrolysis activity at 10 degrees C, consistent with the cross-linking results. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for an ABC protein-mediated transport with specificity for GTP hydrolysis.
Cytotoxic and targeted therapy for treatment of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a recently described, indolent vascular tumor that usually presents in the distal extremities. PMH typically has a multi-focal presentation and can involve several tissue planes including the dermis, subcutis, muscle, and bone. This soft tissue tumor predominantly affects men between 20 and 50 years of age. PMH tumors typically are resected but frequently recur locally; thus, more efficacious treatment options are needed. Herein, we report two cases of patients with PMH who were treated with systemic therapy. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the first to describe a response of PMH either to gemcitabine/taxane cytotoxic chemotherapy or to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. In the first case, a 45-year-old man with PMH of the right ilium was treated with gemcitabine plus docetaxel. Although chemotherapy was ultimately halted owing to gemcitabine-induced pulmonary toxicity, positron emission tomography-computer tomography scans taken after three cycles of gemcitabine plus docetaxel illustrated a noticeable response to the regimen. In the second case, a 22-year-old man with PMH of the right distal femur and metastases in the left ilium showed no response to gemcitabine plus docetaxel therapy, but underwent surgical resection after cisplatin and doxorubicin resulted in stable disease. DNA sequencing of his tumor revealed the presence of a tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) mutation, so daily everolimus, which inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin, was started. Two months after beginning everolimus, the patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis, which revealed mild shrinkage of PMH metastases in the left iliac bone. Despite the apparent heterogeneity of response to gemcitabine/taxane chemotherapy in our two patients, these two cases indicate that gemcitabine/taxane and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor may serve as systemic treatment options for PMH and warrant further investigation.
Genomic analysis and localization of murine Deltex, a modulator of notch activity, to mouse chromosome 5 and its human homolog to chromosome 12.

Deltex is a component of the Notch signaling network, which mediates cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis during development. Murine Deltex was initially isolated as a cDNA transcript that displayed increased expression in T-cell tumors induced by γ irradiation. The in vivo function of Deltex is unknown; however, the emerging role of Notch signaling in T-cell development and lymphomagenesis indirectly supports a role for Deltex in these processes. To investigate the regulation of Deltex expression in both normal and transformed tissue, we have begun analyzing the Deltex genomic locus. Here, we report the exon-intron organization of Deltex and map the locus to the middistal region of mouse chromosome 5, tightly linked to the Adam1a, Lnk, Tbx5, and Nos1 loci. The human homolog of Deltex has been localized to chromosome 12.
Replacement Rules with Definition Detection

The way in which a theorem prover handles definitions can have a significant effect on its performance. Many first-order clause form theorem provers perform badly on theorems such as those from set theory that are proven largely by expanding definitions. The technique of using replacement rules permits automatic proofs of such theorems to be found quickly in many cases. We present a refinement of the replacement rule method which increases its effectiveness. This refinement consists in recognizing which clauses are obtained from first-order definitions.
A descriptive analysis of public school educators arrested for sex offenses

This study examined trends and patterns in public school teacher convictions in order to create a descriptive profile of teachers who have offended against their students. To accomplish this goal, the authors reviewed public records for demographic information as well as the history and frequency of teacher arrests and convictions in the southeastern United States from 2007 to 2011 and created an offender profile. Subsequent analyses were conducted to assess whether gender differences among sexual misconduct offenders existed in terms of the age of their alleged victim, the grade level in which they were employed at the time of arrest or indictment, and the manner by which their alleged crimes were revealed and charges were brought against them.
Abdominal Hernias in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Review:

Of 1365 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) identified by a literature review, 174 (12.7%) developed one or more abdominal hernias. Twenty-three per cent of these hernias w...
Graphite-schist blocks in the Franciscan Mélange, San Simeon, California: Evidence of high-P metamorphism

The seacliff exposure at San Simeon, California, contains graphite-schist blocks in a shale-matrix, an undocumented lithology within the Franciscan melange. Thirty graphite-schist blocks were studied to discover all the varieties in this classic locality of melange. Based on their mineralogical assemblage and composition, and textural characteristics the graphite-schists in San Simeon are subdivided into two main types (Type I and II) with two subdivisions each (A and B). Type IA and IIA blocks are the most abundant. Type IA graphite-schists are siltstone/fine greywacke-like, preserve sedimentary textures, and lack lawsonite. Type IB graphite-schists are mineralogical and texturally similar to Type IA schists, but are finer grained siltstone and shale. Type IIA graphite-schists are compositionally layered and contain quartz- and albite-rich layers and dark graphite- and intergrown mica/chlorite-rich layers. Nine out of the 15 Type IIA blocks contain lawsonite. Two Type IIA blocks also contain aragonite (+calcite) in veins. Type IIB graphite-schists are mostly composed of quartz and minor graphite, intergrown chlorite and white mica, and white mica pseudomorphs after lawsonite. The phengite content of mica in Type IIA blocks is higher than that of mica in Type IA graphite-schists, confirming they were metamorphosed under high-P/low-T conditions. Type IA blocks were recrystallized between 200 and 250 °C at <~3 kbar; whereas, Type IIA blocks were metamorphosed under higher pressure conditions, probably at 250–300 °C and 3–5 kbar. Most likely both types of graphite-schists were derived from a similar layered siltstone/fine greywacke/shale protolith. Organic matter-rich sediments deposited in the trench axis were subducted along with oceanic crust during Franciscan subduction. Type I graphite-schists were subducted to depths <10 km, whereas Type II graphite-schists were subducted to depths ~15 km where they were underplated under high-P conditions. The graphitic metasedimentary rocks were juxtaposed with mafic lithologies from the subducted oceanic crust that were metamorphosed to blueschist facies and retrograded to greenstone as they returned to the surface in the subduction channel shear zone.
Towards Reducing the Data Exfiltration Surface for the Insider Threat

Unauthorized data exfiltrations from both insiders and outsiders are costly and damaging. Network communication resources can be used for transporting data illicitly out of the enterprise or cloud. Combined with built-in malware copying utilities, we define this set of tools as comprising the Data Exfiltration Surface (DXS). For securing valuable data, it is desirable to reduce the DXS and maintain controls on the egress points. Our approach is to host the data in a protected enclave that includes novel Software Data Diode (SDD) installed on a secured, border gateway. The SDD allows copying data into the enclave systems but denies data from being copied out. Simultaneously, it permits remote access with remote desktop and console applications. Our tests demonstrate that we are able to effectively reduce the DXS and we are able to protect data from being exfiltrated through the use of the SDD.
Treba: Efficient Numerically Stable EM for PFA

Training probabilistic finite automata with the EM/Baum-Welch algorithm is computationally very intensive, especially if random ergodic automata are used initially, and additional strategies such as deterministic annealing are used. In this paper we present some optimization and parallelization strategies to the Baum-Welch algorithm that often allow for training of much larger automata with a larger number of observations. The tool, treba, which implements the optimizations, is available open-source and its results were used to participate in the PAutomaC PFA/HMM competition.
Recent advances in pediatric dermatology.

This article focuses on several new dermatologic disorders, familiarity with which is imperative in order to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Estrogen, Progesterone, Prolactin and Other Changes Associated with Bovine Lactation Induced with Estradiol-17β and Progesterone

Estrogen progesterone prolactin and other changes associated with bovine lactation induced with estradiol-17beta and progesterone were investigated. Lactation was induced in 3 cows and 5 heifers with 14 sc injections of estradiol and progesterone. 2 animals also received 10 im injections of estradiol and progesterone. Injections were at 12-hour intervals and each dose contained .05 mg estradiol and .125 mg progesterone/kg body weight. Lactation was induced in all animals but postinduction increases in milk yields were subnormal and lactation yields of 4% fat-corrected milk were 50-59% of expectancy. Milk yield of all animals reached 2.5 kg/day 9-13 days after the last injection. Progesterone and total free estrogen in milk decreased markedly by 4-14 days after 1st milking or a maximum of 18 days after the last injection. Each milk hormone correlated with its plasma concentration and milk and plasma estrogen correlated with urinary estrogen excretion rate. Milk and plasma progesterone never exceeded concentrations of untreated cows during pregnancy and milk estrogen was similar after Day 2 of lactation. Plasma and urinary estrogen during treatment equaled or exceeded that of late pregnancy. Progesterone and estrogen decreased the 1st 3 days after treatment and were low when plasma prolactin increased 4-5 days later. Treatment for 7-12 days produced hormone profiles similar to those 3-7 days before parturition. When lactation was initiated plasma estrogen and prolactin were lower than data reported for parturient lactogenesis.
Breast Cancer in Older Women

Breast cancer risk increases with age and as life expectancy continues to increase; therefore, breast cancer in older women has become a significant public health concern. The basic principles of imaging, diagnosis, and treatment remain standard for all women with breast cancer. However, in the elderly population, comorbid conditions, life expectancy, and quality of life take on particular importance for the clinician to consider and balance with treatment decisions. Historically, older women have been poorly represented in breast cancer trials, and their surgical and adjuvant treatment often differs from that of younger women. More information is needed regarding the impact of breast cancer and its treatment on the growing population of older women with breast cancer. In this chapter, the role of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer in older women and some of the special considerations relevant to this population of patients will be reviewed.
Computerized Data Analysis at Antelope House

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the operations performed for the Antelope House project by the Data Processing Division of the Arizona State Museum. The basic form of the system of computerized management and analysis is described and examples are provided. Some of the problems encountered in setting up the system are discussed and the solutions we found to them are presented.
A Quasi-Experimental Test of the Risk-Reward Paradigm

Do financial markets reward investors for bearing risk? My paper tests this basic paradigm question with a quasi-experimental approach. After a firm has publicly declared a dividend, but in the few days that precede the cum-to-ex date, an investor in the traded equity owns a claim to the dividend cash plus the remaining firm equity within the corporate shell. In the days after the cum-to-ex date, the shell contains only the sans-dividend-cash firm equity. The empirical evidence confirms the predicted increases in volatilities but shows unexpected decreases in average returns. Taxes and trading cannot explain this.
Two Photon Absorption Fluorescence Imaging to Characterize Microfluidic Device Performance

Two-photon absorption fluorescence imaging is used to quantitatively measure 3D flow and mixing in microfluidics. This is an important characterization tool for developing optimal microfluidic devices for use in the study of biological molecular dynamics.
The Immune Response to Oncogenic Retroviruses

Although the discovery of the first oncogenic retrovirus was made almost 100 years ago, considerable insights into the specific host immunity involved in anti-tumor and anti-viral responses during acute and chronic infection with oncogenic retroviruses have been achieved only in the last few decades. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is the only known human oncogenic retrovirus, yet several animal retroviruses have provided knowledge of the mechanisms by which host immunity controls retroviral spread and the sequelae, such as tumor induction; as well as viral escape mechanisms, including mutation of virus-specific antigens and virus-induced immunosuppression of B-and T-cell responses. This chapter will cover advances in the understanding of the immune responses to HTLV-1 and its associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), after first examining the cell- and antibody-mediated responses to the AKR/Gross, Friend, and the LP-BM5 murine retroviruses and their tumors.
Optree: A Learning-Based Adaptive Watershed Algorithm for Neuron Segmentation

We present a new algorithm for automatic and interactive segmentation of neuron structures from electron microscopy (EM) images. Our method selects a collection of nodes from the watershed merging tree as the proposed segmentation. This is achieved by building a conditional random field (CRF) whose underlying graph is the merging tree. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) prediction of the CRF is the output segmentation. Our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Both the inference and the training are very efficient as the graph is tree-structured. Furthermore, we develop an interactive segmentation framework which selects uncertain regions for a user to proofread. The uncertainty is measured by the marginals of the graphical model. Based on user corrections, our framework modifies the merging tree and thus improves the segmentation globally.
Imagining Wall Street

The 1987 film Wall Street is one of the most popular films dealing with business, and for many people provides an enduring image of capitalism. The film is therefore a good illustration of filmmakers' portrayal of business, and how this portrayal can influence public perceptions and misconceptions. This is important as public misconceptions of business, in turn, can contribute to the regulatory environment. This article discusses the view of business presented in the film, contrasts this view with an alternative, and more realistic, narrative, and shows how the film may have influenced subsequent regulation.
Reducing Telemetry Use Is Safe: A Retrospective Analysis of Rapid Response Team and Code Events After a Successful Intervention to Reduce Telemetry Use.

Interventions guiding appropriate telemetry utilization have successfully reduced use at many hospitals, but few studies have examined their possible adverse outcomes. The authors conducted a succe...
Using acoustic waveform inversion to quantify volcanic emissions

Volcanic eruptions produce immense sound, particularly in the infrasound band. Acoustic waveform inversion shows promise for improved eruption characterization by providing robust estimates of erupted volume and mass. Previous inversion studies have generally assumed a simple volumetric acoustic source (monopole) that radiates sound equally in all directions. However, more complex and complete source reconstructions are possible with a combination of equivalent sources (multipole). Recent work has made progress using Finite-Difference Time-Domain modeling over high-resolution topography to obtain the full three-dimensional Green’s functions. The source-time function can then be inverted for and converted to a volume and mass flow rate. We review the acoustic waveform inversion as it has been applied to volcanic eruptions and discuss current limitations and how they can be mitigated. In most cases, the simple (monopole) source mechanism is a good approximation for discrete volcanic explosions, but a small directionality (dipole) component may remain. Furthermore, the neglecting effects of topography can lead to the overestimation of both the monopole and dipole strengths. Volcano infrasound source mechanisms are also not well constrained due to infrasound sensors usually being deployed on the surface. The methods discussed here can be extended to anthropogenic explosions and monitoring efforts, potentially in near-real time.Volcanic eruptions produce immense sound, particularly in the infrasound band. Acoustic waveform inversion shows promise for improved eruption characterization by providing robust estimates of erupted volume and mass. Previous inversion studies have generally assumed a simple volumetric acoustic source (monopole) that radiates sound equally in all directions. However, more complex and complete source reconstructions are possible with a combination of equivalent sources (multipole). Recent work has made progress using Finite-Difference Time-Domain modeling over high-resolution topography to obtain the full three-dimensional Green’s functions. The source-time function can then be inverted for and converted to a volume and mass flow rate. We review the acoustic waveform inversion as it has been applied to volcanic eruptions and discuss current limitations and how they can be mitigated. In most cases, the simple (monopole) source mechanism is a good approximation for discrete volcanic explosions, but a small ...
Drug and Radiation Toxicity

Virtually all therapies of modern medicine carry the potential for harm, which may be unpredictable, and lead to long-term consequences. Most drug reactions and radiation injuries are relatively mild, seldom lead to significant morbidity or mortality, and are diagnosed and treated without the necessity of an invasive biopsy procedure. When the clinical presentation is unusual or other problematic circumstances arise, the evaluation of lung tissue becomes necessary to distinguish iatrogenic injury from other entities in the differential diagnosis such as infection, metastatic or recurrent neoplasia, or underlying disease. This chapter reviews the characteristic clinical and morphologic features of the more common manifestations of drug and radiation injury to the lungs.
On generalizing happy numbers to fractional-base number systems

Let n be a positive integer and S2(n) be the sum of the squares of its decimal digits. When there exists a positive integer k such that the k-th iterate of S2 on n is 1, i.e., S2k(n)=1, then n is called a happy number. The notion of happy numbers has been generalized to different bases, different powers and even negative bases. In this article we consider generalizations to fractional number bases. Let Se,p∕q(n) be the sum of the e-th powers of the digits of n base pq. Let k be the smallest nonnegative integer for which there exists a positive integer m>k satisfying Se,p∕qk(n)=Se,p∕qm(n). We prove that such a k, called the height of n, exists for all n, and that, if q=2 or e=1, then k can be arbitrarily large.
Native American Independent Living

The question of whether independent living (IL) services can be provided to Native Americans with disabilities living on reservations is introduced. Native American history is briefly reviewed. The...
Assessment and Training in Orientation and Mobility for Older Persons: Program Development and Testing:

This article reports on the revision and field tests in the final stages of a three-year project to develop an assessment instrument and programmed instruction in orientation and mobility for visua...
Chapter 5 – Multifunctional Nanomaterial-Enabled Membranes for Water Treatment

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals the development of new materials is an area of water quality engineering where nanotechnology is expected to make a critical impact. The impact is likely to be especially significant for “high-tech” treatment technologies such as the membrane-based separation. The newly available nanomaterials and nanotechnology tools can enable the synthesis of novel polymers and ceramics, as well as polymer-inorganic composites to manufacture higher performance membranes with increased permeability, selectivity, and resistance to fouling. The expanding choice of functional nanoparticles opens up another intriguing opportunity-the bottom-up design of nanoparticle-enabled multifunctional membranes-more complex devices capable of performing multiple tasks. Combining unique functionalities afforded by nanoparticles with other functions in one hybrid process can enhance the overall treatment efficiency and remove excessive redundancy.
Design and Evaluation of SiC Active Soft-Switching Cell for 1-ph/3-ph Universal Voltage Input PFC for On-Board Charger Applications

A detailed analysis and experimental evaluation of a continuous-conduction-mode (CCM), pulse-width-modulated (PWM), boost-type active soft-switching cell suitable for 1-ph/3-ph universal-voltage-input PFC for on-board charging (OBC) applications is introduced. The soft-switching cell features zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of all switches, reduced reverse-recovery loss at any operating point, and simple control. The cell achieves high efficiency for converting low line voltage to the high dc-link voltage required for the OBC dc-dc converter. The evaluation of the concept was performed on a single-phase leg 3.4 kW prototype designed to operate at 220 V RMS line input and deliver 650 V output. The prototype achieves 97.8% efficiency at full load and 100 kHz switching frequency. The soft-switching PFC rectifier concept naturally morphs between an interleaved totem-pole converter for 1-ph ac line voltage and a 3-ph converter for 3-ph ac line voltage.
Intent to Vaccinate SARS-CoV-2 Infected Children in US Households: A Survey

A paucity of data exists evaluating a guardian’s intent to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 in the United States. We administered 102 first (April–November 2020) and 45 second (December–January 2020–2021) surveys to guardians of children (<18 years) who had a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and assessed their intent to give a COVID-19 vaccine to their child, when one becomes available. The first and second surveys of the same cohort of guardians were conducted before and following the press releases detailing the adult Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Phase 3 results. Both surveys included an intent-to-vaccinate question using the subjective language of “if a safe and effective vaccine” became available, and a second question was added to second surveys using the objective language of “would prevent 19 of 20 people from getting disease”. When using subjective language, 24 of 45 (53%) guardians endorsed vaccine administration for their children in the first survey, which decreased to 21 (46%) in the second survey. When adding objective language, acceptance of vaccination increased to 31 (69%, p = 0.03). Common reasons for declining vaccination were concerns about adverse effects and/or vaccine safety. Providing additional facts on vaccine efficacy increased vaccine acceptance. Evidence-based strategies are needed to increase pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Schizophrenia: Use of Antipsychotic Drugs for Maintenance Therapy.

Compared with placebo, using antipsychotic drugs for maintenance therapy in patients with schizophrenia is associated with relapse prevention at seven to 12 months.
An internal expectation guides Drosophila egg-laying decisions

When presented with two egg-laying substrates, Drosophila lay most of their eggs on the option with higher relative value. How do flies make this relative-value decision? Might the strategy they use allow them to choose the best option even when they experience substrates with a more complex spatiotemporal profile than in canonical two-choice paradigms? We measured Drosophila egg-laying behavior in diverse substrate environments. In all cases, we found that flies dynamically increase or decrease their egg-laying rates as they explore substrates for a deposition site so as to target eggs to the best, recently visited option. Visiting the best option typically led to a strong reduction in egg laying on other substrates for several minutes, with this timescale varying across fly strains. Our data support a model in which flies compare the value of the current substrate with an internally constructed expectation on the value of available options to regulate the likelihood of laying an egg. We show that dopamine-neuron activity is critical for learning and/or expressing this expectation, similar to its role in certain tasks in vertebrates. Integrating sensory experiences over minutes to generate an internal sense of the quality of available options, i.e., forming an expectation, allows flies to use a dynamic reference point for judging the current substrate and might be a general way in which decisions are made, even beyond flies and egg laying.
Can Disruptive Technologies, On-Demand Mobility, and Biofuels Improve Transportation Environmental Sustainability? A Review of Recent Research

As new transportation technologies, travel behaviors, and fuels emerge, there is opportunity to proactively assess environmental impacts to ensure that reductions occur and unintended tradeoffs are avoided. This article summarizes the goals, scope, and findings of a special issue on transportation sustainability. The special issue provides an overview of recent research and policies on autonomous vehicles, electric vehicles, on-demand mobility (including carsharing), intelligent transportation systems, and biofuels and their expected environmental effects. The reviews show that there are efforts underway to understand the environmental impacts of changes in transportation systems that may lead to technology designs and deployment strategies for environmental sustainability.
Impact Testing of Carbon-Epoxy Composite Materials

Advanced fiber composite materials exhibit elastic properties and fracture mechanisms distinctive from metals. Consequently, the mechancis of impact resistance are also different for these materials. Carbon-epoxy and boron-epoxy composites can exhibit brittle modes of fracture. In studies to improve the impact resistance of carbon-epoxy materials, traditional impact tests provided very little understanding of the problems involved. However, instrumented Charpy-type tests provided considerable insight into the mechanisms associated with impact resistance. Load versus time response records can be partitioned into regions corresponding to events occuring sequentially in time. Energy absorbed by a composite specimen through the various fracture mechanisms is seen to be the distinguishing characteristic between composite systems. Two mechanisms to improve the carbon-epoxy system's impact resistance are shown to be the modification of the fiber-resin interfacial strength and hybridization with a second fiber of high strength and lower modulus.
PSYCHOGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: Classification and Management

Psychogenic erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to achieve or maintain erection satisfactory for sexual performance owing predominantly or exclusively to psychologic or interpersonal factors. This definition recently was adopted by the International Society of Impotence Research 22 and acknowledges three key components: (1) psychogenic erectile dysfunction is a positive diagnosis that should not be used when the etiology of the disorder is uncertain or unknown; (2) psychosocial factors should be identified as the predominant or exclusive cause of the patient's dysfunction, and patients with a combination of organic and psychogenic factors should be diagnosed as having mixed organic-psychogenic erectile dysfunction; and (3) other components of the definition are consistent with recent consensus definitions of erectile dysfunction. 32,44 Psychogenic erectile dysfunction frequently coexists with other sexual dysfunctions, notably hypoactive sexual desire, 28,38 and with major psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety disorders. 3,5 In the latter cases, a primary diagnosis may be difficult to establish, and concomitant treatment of the patient's psychiatric disorder may be indicated as the initial step in management. Epidemiologic studies have highlighted the prevalence of psychosocial factors in the etiology of erectile dysfunction. In the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 11 erectile dysfunction was associated significantly with self-reported depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88), pessimistic attitudes (OR = 3.89), or a negative outlook on life (OR = 2.30) (Table 1). Depressed mood was found to be a significant predictor of erectile dysfunction, even after controlling for potential confounding factors. 3 Similar findings were reported in the National Health and Social Life Survey 17 in which erectile dysfunction was significantly associated with self-reported emotional stress (OR = 3.56) and a history of sexual coercion (OR = 3.52). Socioeconomic factors, including a decrease in household income during the past 5 years, also were significantly associated with the incidence of erectile dysfunction. Overall, these studies underscore the independent and interactive effects of psychosocial factors in the etiology of erectile dysfunction.
Relationships between flexibility, anthropometry, and the somatotype of college men.

Abstract Fourteen flexibility measurements, 63 direct and derived anthropometric measurements, and the somatotypes of 63 college men, mean age of 19.0 years, were obtained in order to assess the relationships between flexibility and anthropometric measurements, anthropometric measurements and somatotypes, and flexibility and somatotype. The correlations between the flexibility measurements and the anthropometric measurements were low and mostly insignificant. Body fat, as measured by skinfold calipers, yielded fairly high significant negative correlations with the flexibility measurements. The correlations between the flexibility measurements and somatotype were insignificant. Generally high correlation coefficients were obtained between the anthropometric measurements and somatotype.
The Communicative Criterion: Establishing a New Standard for Non-Violent Sexual Encounters by Reframing Consent

Consent is a primary framework by which communities in the United States understand whether a particular sexual encounter is acceptable. Despite its centrality, consent is a troubling criterion for judging violent sexual interactions. Through an examination of historical articulations of consent, empirical studies on sexuality, and philosophical objections to the term, I argue that consent is a problematic construct, especially when addressing acquaintance rape. In order to rethink consent, I start from PineauA¢â¬â¢s communicative criterion and offer a model for understanding sexual encounters in which intersubjective processes of meaning making are central. Where the consent criterion prompts the question, A¢â¬ADid A agree to have sex with B?A¢â¬Â the communicative criterion seeks to understand whether the partners attended to each other, sought information from each other about likes and dislikes, and negotiated boundaries. Actors exemplifying the communicative criterion for acceptable sexual encounters notice both verbal and nonverbal cues and check their perceptions. Additionally, they assume that individuals behave, communicate, and interpret experiences in a variety of ways, always informed by cultural scripts. The communicative criterion focuses not on one individualA¢â¬â¢s knowledge of the other, but on the process existing in the space between sexual actors. The communicative criterion disrupts heteronormative conceptions of sexuality and has important implications for the law, academic scholarship, and public education.
The clinical significance of internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) biopsy during autologous reconstruction in breast cancer patients.

The clinical significance of IMLN metastases in breast cancer is controversial. Although IMLN status is an integral part of current AJCC staging of breast cancer, the elective sampling of IMLN is not part of routine surgery for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of IMLN metastases, associated risk factors if any, and its impact on further management and outcome. We retrospectively studied 470 cases that underwent autologous reconstruction surgery between 2002 and 2014. Of 470 cases, 157 breast cancer cases had histology-confirmed IMLN removal during the reconstruction. Only 9 patients (6 %) showed IMLN metastases as compared to 45 (34 %) that showed axillary nodal metastases (p 0.05) (follow-up, 1-134 months). The overall rate of IMLN metastases (6 %) is much lower than the rate of axillary node metastases. Selective biopsy of IMLNs in patients with breast cancer, especially if younger than 40 years, and with lymphovascular invasion and negative PR status, may guide adjuvant treatment.
Examining Romantic Relationships.

All of the articles included in this issue examine romantic relationships. Although it was not intended, these articles therefore comprise a de facto special issue on this topic. Let me be perfectly clear: I did not hold back related articles in order to publish them together. The articles that were ready to submit when this issue was due to the publisher just all happened to be on the topic of romantic partnerships. This is the second time during my term as Editor of Personal Relationships that this has happened; as Associate Editor Susan Boon noted (“Communicating Personal Relationships Research Findings,”Personal Relationships, Volume 15, Number 3, p. i), last year’s third issue was also totally devoted to articles on romantic relationships. Furthermore, the issue published in between these two included several articles focused on them as well.
A Stochastic Inventory Model With Fast-Ship Commitments

We present a multiperiod model of a retail supply chain, consisting of a single supplier and a single retailer, in which regular replenishment occurs periodically but players have the option to support fast delivery when customers experience a stockout during a replenishment period. Because expedited shipments increase the supplier's transportation cost, and possibly production/inventory costs, the supplier typically charges a markup over and above the prevailing wholesale price for fast-shipped items. When fast shipping is not supported, items are backordered if customers are willing to wait until the start of the next replenishment period. We characterize the retailers and the supplier's optimal stocking and production policies and then utilize our analytical framework to study how the two players respond to changes in supply chain parameters. We identify a sufficient condition such that the centralized supply chain is better off with the fast-ship option. We find a range of markups for fast-ship orders such that the fast-ship option is preferred by both the supplier and the retailer in a decentralized chain. However, a markup that is a win–win for both players may not exist even when offering fast-ship option is better for the centralized chain. Our analysis also shows that depending on how the markup is determined, greater customer participation in fast-ship orders does not necessarily imply more profits for the two players. For some predetermined markups, the retailer's profit with the fast-ship option is higher when more customers are willing to wait. However, the retailer may not be able to benefit from the fast-ship option because the supplier may choose not to support the fast-ship option when fast-ship participation increases due to the fact that the fast-ship participation rate adversely affects the initial order size.
Anodic stripping voltammetry procedure modified for improved accuracy of blood lead analysis

In evaluating the accuracy and reliability of blood lead (PbB) measurements with the Environmental Science Associates Model 3010A Trace Metal Analyzer, intralaboratory comparison demonstrated that use of the operating conditions recommended by the manufacturer resulted in consistently underestimated PbB concentrations less than 400 micrograms/L and overestimated PbB values greater than 400 micrograms/L. At PbB concentrations less than 50 micrograms/L, measured concentrations were often registered as negative results. However, these negative values could be replicated to within +/- 10 micrograms/L, indicating good precision of the method, but obviously not good accuracy. In addition, lower-than-expected lead (Pb) values were measured in samples containing increased concentrations of copper (Cu), such as may occur in pregnant women. We modified the procedure to eliminate these inaccuracies by substituting manual peak-height measurements for reliance on the integrator and digital display of the instrument. We established the accuracy of the modified procedure by using calibration standards previously quantified by isotope dilution-mass spectroscopy. A quality-control program for monitoring PbB analysis is also described.
Antenna beamforming for interference cancellation in radar-wireless spectrum sharing

In this work, an effective beamforming approach is introduced to eliminate wireless interference in both mainlobe and sidelobe directions based on a coherent phase-coding multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar platform. The simulations are carried out for spectrum sharing between air traffic control (ATC) radar at Miami International Airport and Sprint wireless communication systems. The simulation results demonstrate that the ATC radar can effectively eliminate both mainlobe and sidelobe interferences generated by wireless base stations (BS) during spectrum-sharing operations.
The SystemT IDE: an integrated development environment for information extraction rules

Information Extraction (IE)-the problem of extracting structured information from unstructured text - has become the key enabler for many enterprise applications such as semantic search, business analytics and regulatory compliance. While rule-based IE systems are widely used in practice due to their well-known "explainability," developing high-quality information extraction rules is known to be a labor-intensive and time-consuming iterative process.Our demonstration showcases SystemT IDE, the integrated development environment for SystemT, a state-of-the-art rule-based IE system from IBMResearch that has been successfully embedded in multiple IBM enterprise products. SystemT IDE facilitates the development, test and analysis of high-quality IE rules by means of sophisticated techniques, ranging from data management to machine learning. We show how to build high-quality IE annotators using a suite of tools provided by SystemT IDE, including computing data provenance, learning basic features such as regular expressions and dictionaries, and automatically refining rules based on labeled examples.
Cine DENSE MRI for circumferential and radial dyssynchrony in patients referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy

Cine DENSE (Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes) MRI offers high resolution circumferential, radial, and longitudinal strain assessment. Dyssynchrony assessment using midwall circumferential strain corresponds to the predominant physiologic orientation of myofibers, and its effectiveness for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patient selection has recently been demonstrated [1]. Current echocardiographic dyssynchrony measures are based on radial or longitudinal velocity/strain.
Evidence for formation of CO2 in the vicinity of burning pulverized carbon particles

Simultaneous measurements of temperature, size, and velocity for individual spherical carbon particles (100 ..mu..m < d/sub rho/ < 160 ..mu..m) burning in an entrained-flow reactor were used to calculate overall combustion rates and rate parameters at conditions typical of pulverized-fuel combustors (i.e., particle temperatures from 1400K to 2200K). In addition, particles were collected and the carbon mass loss determined at three residence times in the reactor for seven different sets of bulk O/sub 2/ model fractions (from 0.12 to 0.36) and gas temperatures (from 1300K to 1775K). The measured carbon mass loss was compared to calculations of the particle mass profile based on the overall combustion rate parameters obtained from the experimental particle temperatures. The measured and calculated mass profiles agree only when the formation of CO/sub 2/ in the vicinity of the particle is accounted for in the particle energy balance. A simple model is used to account for CO/sub 2/ formation that results in overall rate parameters that agree well with the measured particle temperatures and carbon mass-loss profiles. The sphericity of the porous carbon used as the model char allows the calculation of the particle mass loss from measurements of the particle size and density, thereby verifyingmore » closure of the mass balances. The data set obtained from this work provides the necessary input for future experimental validation of theoretical models that describe processes occurring in the boundary layer of burning carbon particles.« less