cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the homogenized behaviour of reinforced and other Bingham composites.

A recently developed (Ponte Castaneda 2002 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 50 , 737–757) ‘second–order’ nonlinear homogenization method is used to estimate the constitutive response of reinforced and other Bingham composites. For the special case of rigidly reinforced Bingham composites with overall isotropy (in two dimensions), the results show that the homogenized response of such materials is not strictly Bingham. Thus, instead of a purely linear incremental response beyond the relevant threshold (yield) stress, the response is strongly nonlinear just after yield and asymptotes to a purely linear incremental response only at sufficiently large stress or strain–rate levels. This phenomenon is linked to the presence of strong fluctuations of the strain–rate field in the composite at the onset of yield.
Effects of the Exotic Invasive Shrub Lonicera maackii on the Survival and Fecundity of Three Species of Native Annuals

Abstract Negative effects on native plant populations are often attributed to invasions by exotic plants, but experimental evidence is lacking to support many of these claims. Lonicera maackii, an exotic shrub with long leaf phenology, has become naturalized throughout the eastern United States. This study investigated the effects of L. maackii on demography of Galium aparine, Impatiens pallida and Pilea pumila, native annual herbs in differing phenological categories. These interactions were examined in two Ohio forest stands. One stand has a history of logging, burning and grazing and a higher L. maackii density, whereas the other stand has little anthropogenic disturbance and a lower L. maackii density. Three types of experimental plots were established: L. maackii removal, L. maackii present and, at the less disturbed stand, L. maackii absent. Seedlings of the annuals were transplanted and monitored for 1 y for survival to reproductive age and fecundity. In the more disturbed stand, survival of Galium...
Teaching Note: Cultural Immersion in the Classroom: Using Consciousness-Raising Groups to Enhance Diversity Competence

Cultural immersion experiences enhance the diversity competence of social work students. This teaching note details the use of a consciousness-raising group to replicate the cultural immersion experience within the Human Behavior and the Social Environment classroom. Through a series of self-reflective activities, students in the class recognized and articulated their own oppressions and privileges relevant to the various “isms” covered in the course. Qualitative data consisting of focus group transcripts and journal entries offered challenges and opportunities related to implementing this teaching strategy in the classroom.
Direct observation of bis(dicarbollyl)nickel conformers in solution by fluorescence spectroscopy: an approach to redox-controlled metallacarborane molecular motors.

As a continuation of work on metallacarborane-based molecular motors, the structures of substituted bis(dicarbollyl)nickel complexes in NiIII and NiIV oxidation states were investigated in solution by fluorescence spectroscopy. Symmetrically positioned cage-linked pyrene molecules served as fluorescent probes to enable the observation of mixed meso-trans/dl-gauche (pyrene monomer fluorescence) and dl-cis/dl-gauche (intramolecular pyrene excimer fluorescence with residual monomer fluorescence) cage conformations of the nickelacarboranes in the NiIII and NiIV oxidation states, respectively. The absence of energetically disfavored conformers in solution—dl-cis in the case of nickel(III) complexes and meso-trans in the case of nickel(IV)—was demonstrated based on spectroscopic data and conformer energy calculations in solution. The conformational persistence observed in solution indicates that bis(dicarbollyl)nickel complexes may provide attractive templates for building electrically driven and/or photodriven...
Abstract A136: A systems approach to the preclinical evaluation of targeted chemoprevention for lung cancer

Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008 A136 The possibility of an “individualized medicine” approach to chemoprevention targeted to the specific molecular abnormalities in the individual at risk has been suggested as a means to tailor prevention strategies (Markowitz, N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2195-8). In order to initiate targeted chemoprevention for lung cancer, we have developed a pre-clinical system to assess potential chemoprevention agents against mutated human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBEC). HBECs are exposed to drugs such as rosiglitazone, erlotinib and celecoxib and selected proliferative responses, gene expression, micro-RNA profiles and protein panels are assessed. This data is then assessed by systems analysis to determine the optimal chemopreventive agents against specific mutations. These data will ultimately be utilized both for agent selectivity and agent specific biomarker identification. In preliminary studies, we evaluated rosiglitazone, erlotinib and celecoxib against three genetically altered HBEC cell lines harboring mutations relevant in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer (p53 knockdown, K-rasV12 and EGFR L858R mutations). As a model of long-term tobacco exposure, NNK- treated HBEC cells are also being utilized. In addition to selected proliferation assays, we assessed each agent against HBEC cell lines and evaluated a 50 protein luminex profile as well as a panel of more than 700 micro RNAs. These potential chemopreventive agents reveal specific patterns of alterations in proliferation, gene expression, protein secretion and microRNA profiles. Based on these findings, assessment of combinations of preventive agents are in progress. We anticipate that these methods will assist in the development of agent specific biomarkers and a personalized approach to chemoprevention for lung cancer. This work is supported by the UCLA SPORE in Lung Cancer P50 90388, UT Southwestern SPORE in Lung Cancer P50CA75907 and The Flight Attendant Medical ResearchInstitute (FAMRI) Young Clinical Scientist Awards. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A136.
WAVE GROUP FORCED NEARSHORE CIRCULATION

Forcing of the nearshore circulation system by incident wave groups is examined. Attention is focused on the generation of migrating rip currents and development of low frequency motion. Analysis of experimental results categorises the migrating rip currents as very low frequency motion in the FIG energy band. It is suggested that migrating rip currents, in addition to shear waves, are a valid generation mechanism for very low frequency motion in the nearshore region.
A Computational Approach to Simulating the Effects of Realistic Surface Roughness on Boundary Layer Transition.

A surface roughness model extending the Langtry-Menter transition model has been implemented in a RANS framework. The model, originally proposed by Dassler, Kozulovic, and Fiala, introduces an additional scalar field roughness amplification quantity. This value is explicitly set at rough wall boundaries using surface roughness parameters and local flow quantities. This additional transport equation allows non-local effects of surface roughness to be accounted for downstream of rough sections. This roughness amplification variable is coupled with the Langtry-Menter model and used to modify the criteria for transition. Results from flat plate test cases show good agreement with experimental transition behavior on the flow over varying sand grain roughness heights. Additional validation studies were performed on a NACA 0012 airfoil with leading edge roughness. The computationally predicted boundary layer development demonstrates good agreement with the experimental results. New experimental tests using multiple roughness configurations were conducted to further validate and calibrate the model. Finally modifications are discussed to potentially improve the behavior of the Langtry-Menter transition model at high Reynolds numbers and angles of attack.
Tasking human agents: A sigmoidal utility maximization approach for target identification in mixed teams of humans and UAVs

We propose a general utility maximization framework, based on experimentally observed human specific speed-accuracy trade-offs, to account for and exploit some characteristics of human operators engaged in human/machine mixed teams and increase their performance. In particular, we consider instances where a human operator is tasked by image capturing machines and must render a decision based upon the images. We then study methods, based on exact Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) necessary conditions and sum-of-squares (SOS) relaxations, to try and solve the resulting non-concave maximization problem, and optimally allocate a human operator’s time to identification tasks so as to maximize the probability of correct identification.
The supply-side economics of abortion.

Early approaches to restricting abortion access, directed mainly at patients (the demand side of the market), had relatively little impact on national abortion rates. So abortion opponents have turned to supply-side restrictions — probably a more effective strategy.
An Overview of Nonlinear Echo Suppression

In view of the nonlinear echo problem in communication,the existing nonlinear echo suppression solutions are introduced.All kinds of scheme are separated into three types according to the different models.Then,comparison and shortage of different types is pointed out.Finally,future research direction of the nonlinear echo is forecasted.
The Autonomous Duck: Exploring the Possibilities of a Markov Chain Model in Animation

This document reports the construction of a framework for the generation of animations based in a Markov chain model of the different poses of some drawn character. The model was implemented and is demonstrated with the animation of a virtual duck in a random walk. Some potential uses of this model in interpolation and generation of in between frames are also explored.
An assessment of tandem mechanics.

Abstract No Abstract Available. Thesis presented for partial requirement for a Master's degree, The Ohio State University, 1968.
Inferior Vena Cava Filter Erosion Causing Symptomatic Obstructive Hydronephrosis.

Abstract Background: Transcaval inferior vena cava (IVC) filter penetration involving the urinary tract is rare, but has been previously reported. We herein present unique management of symptomatic hydronephrosis secondary to erosion of an IVC filter limb into the lumen of the proximal right ureter. Case Presentation: A 59-year-old woman presented with abdominal and right flank pain in October 2015 and was found to have right hydronephrosis, apparently secondary to obstruction from erosion of an IVC filter limb into the proximal right ureter. This was effectively managed with percutaneous, endovascular, and endourologic procedures, without the need for a major invasive surgical procedure. Conclusion: Endovascular removal of the IVC filter was performed safely in this case and can be considered when the urinary tract is involved in filter erosion.
Remotely Designed Appropriate Technology for Emergency Disaster Response in Nepal

Abstract This paper reports on the application of a remotely designed appropriate technology (AT) to emergency needs in a natural disaster. Significantly, the present strategy was compared and contrasted with that of a traditional sustainable community development (SCD) strategy. In response to a large earthquake in Nepal, engineering students at Metropolitan State University of Denver (MSU Denver) examined technological interventions for the emergency needs of affected communities in the disaster's immediate aftermath. Using community information acquired through interviews and secondary data, they developed a simple biosand filter that is inexpensive, easy to build and made from materials that are available, accessible and affordable to beneficiaries. Students chose a design, built it, tested it and wrote instruction manuals in both Nepali and pictogram formats. These manuals were then distributed through NGO partners doing relief work in Nepal. Finally, this study explores how the use of an AT assessment tool–originally designed for decision support in the project design phase–might instead be used for monitoring and evaluation of AT effectiveness in an emergency response scenario.
Tradeoffs and Considerations in the Design of Accelerators for Database Applications

General purpose processors have traditionally been favored over application-specific architectures due to the provided flexibility, standardized and simpler programming model, as well as significant reduction in development time. Fueled by the steady advances in transistor scaling, general purpose CPUs satisfied the performance needs of most applications. While CPUs were becoming ubiquitous, advances in digital storage technologies and sensing devices (cameras, microphones, etc) led to massive and sky-rocketing amounts of data being generated by devices of all scales. Extracting insights out of this Big Data introduces significant opportunities for business intelligence, though the growth of data volumes and complexity of query patterns has been increasing at a startling rate. With Moore's law ending, transistors' shrinking coming to a halt and CPU performance saturating, accelerator technologies are increasingly embraced to augment general purpose CPUs and to address performance concerns. Accelerators diverge from traditional CPU architectures in the way they utilize the available silicon resources. In particular, accelerators maximize the resources available for raw computing (ALUs, Floating Point Units) and push back the burden of correct program semantics and control to higher levels of the stack including the compiler and programming models, while focusing on a selected subset of applications. Accelerators include Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs), each with their programming model, advantages and challenges. FPGAs enable the deployment of deep custom pipelines, whereas GPGPUs provide hundreds of small processors executing in a massively parallel fashion. Compared to CPUs, accelerators attain higher performance out of the available transistors for a wide range of applications. This talk covers tradeoffs of accelerators (FPGA and GPGPU) specific to a set of database applications, namely XML filtering, spatiotemporal analytics in the context of the Internet of Things, and relational database querying. Tradeoff metrics include programmability, performance, accuracy and energy consumption. While accelerators achieve high speedups for "hot" code paths, the attach point of accelerators in a system significantly impacts the end-to-end application performance. As such, system and deployment-level considerations must be made. To this end, I will go over IBM's efforts to facilitate the inclusion and increase the adoption of accelerators. These include (1) the Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI), reducing software refactoring from the CPU side as well as CPU-accelerator latency, (2) the ConTutto research platform for acceleration innovation in the memory subsystem, providing very high bandwidth to accelerators, and (3) NVLink®-enabled IBM POWER® processors.
Nutrient Management, Cultivar Development and Selection Strategies to Optimize Water Use Efficiency

Summary Cultivars can be selected for traits that improve water use efficiency, and fertilizers and other nutrient sources also can be managed to optimize water use efficiency of a crop. Both cultivar selection and nutrient management impact water use efficiency by altering photosynthetic rate, yield, rooting characteristics, transpiration, or soil evaporation. In order to optimize water use efficiency, cultivar and nutrient decisions should be made jointly. This integrated approach will lead to improvements in water use efficiency, with an increase in productivity and profitability per unit water.
Sistema Baumann de classificacao da pele

Este artigo descreve os quatro parâmetros que embasam o Sistema Baumann de Classificacao da Pele (BSTS), definindo e resumindo as caracteristicas dos 16 tipos de pele
Physician Paternalism and Severe Disability: Strengthening Autonomy through Therapeutic Engagement.

When treating a patient with extensive disability who expresses a wish to refuse life-preserving treatment, physicians must not only determine whether the patient has decision-making capacity but also help him or her to imagine possible narratives for the future.
Late Quaternary vegetation development following deglaciation of northwestern Alexander Archipelago, Alaska

The Cordilleran Ice sheet covered most of southeastern Alaska during the Last Glacial Interval (LGI: Marine Isotope Stage 2). Ice began to recede from western Alexander Archipelago ~17,000 + 700 yr BP. In this study, pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of three sediment cores were used to reconstruct, for the first time, the postglacial development of vegetation of the northwestern Alexander Archipelago during the past ~15,240 cal yr. Hummingbird Lake (HL), on southwestern Baranof Island, yielded a sediment core with one of the longest dated records from southeastern Alaska. The earliest part of the HL pollen record (~15,240-14,040 yr BP) indicates that the earliest vegetation was pine (Pinus contorta subsp. contorta) parkland with willows (Salix), heaths (Ericaceae), sedges (Cyperaceae), grasses (Poaceae), herbs and ferns. Starting at ~14,040 yr BP, alder (Alnus) rapidly colonized the area as pine populations declined. By 11,400 yr BP, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) colonized the area, and soon became the dominant conifer. Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) also colonized the area by ~11,400 yr BP, followed by western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) at ~10,200 yr BP. By ~9200 yr BP, western hemlock had become the dominant species in the area. During the late Holocene yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) became established. Two marine sediment cores were also analyzed for pollen, with the oldest core from Lower Sitka Sound, between Kruzof and Baranof Islands. The lower part of the core consists of interlayered tephras and freshwater lake muds that are estimated to be ~14,000 yr BP to 13,150 yr BP. Pollen evidence indicates that the early postglacial vegetation around Sitka Sound was pine parkland with alders and abundant ferns. Damage to vegetation around Sitka Sound by volcanic eruptions is suggested by abrupt, large shifts in percentages of alder and pine pollen, and fern spores in samples adjacent to tephra layers. A marine sediment core from Slocum Arm, a fiord on the western coast of Chichagof Island, has a basal age of ~10,000 yr BP. The pollen record is similar to the Holocene pollen record at Hummingbird Lake.
A New Transition Metal-Main Group Oxide Cluster in the Oxovanadium-Borate System: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of (H(3)O)(12)[(VO)(12){B(16)O(32)(OH)(4)}(2)].28H(2)O.

Dodecavanadate rings of trans-edge-sharing VO5 square pyramids capped on each side by a square-shaped [B16O32(OH)4]20- polyborate unit form doughnut-shaped [V12B32O76(OH)8]12- clusters in the unprecedented polyoxovanadium borate compound (H3O)12[(VO)12{B16O32(OH)4}2]·28H2O (1). The [V12B18O76- (OH)8]12- clusters in 1 are held together in an elaborate hydrogen-bonded network which results in pseudo-one-dimensional water-filled tunnels along all three crystallographic directions.
Abstract 134: Dopamine D 2 Receptor Modulates Wnt Expression and Control of Cell Proliferation

Injury to the kidney triggers a cell proliferation response that can be adaptive, leading to repair of the tubular epithelium, or maladaptive, leading to fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. The Wn...
Analysis of vertebrate vision in a 384-well imaging system

Visual impairment affects 253 million people worldwide and new approaches for prevention and treatment are urgently needed. While small molecules with potential beneficial effects can be examined in various model systems, the in vivo evaluation of visual function remains a challenge. The current study introduces a novel imaging system for measuring visually-guided behaviors in larval zebrafish. The imaging system is the first to image four 96-well plates with a single camera for automated measurements of activity in a 384-well format. In addition, it is the first system to project moving visual stimuli and analyze the optomotor response in the wells of a 96-well plate. We found that activity is affected by tricaine, diazepam and flumazenil. Surprisingly, diazepam treatments induce a loss of visual responses, at concentrations that do not affect activity or induce hyperactivity. Overall, our studies show that the developed imaging system is suitable for automated measurements of vertebrate vision in a high-throughput format.
Multilevel Factors Affecting College Students’ Perceived Knowledge Transferability: From the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

Promoting students’ ability to transfer or apply their knowledge and skills to real-life situations is critical in higher education. The current study was designed to test the likelihood that the constructs based on self-determination theory (SDT) framework help understand college students’ perceived knowledge transferability. A total of 3783 undergraduates from 301 classes participated in this study. The results of a series of multilevel modeling analyses indicated that (a) competence satisfaction and identification were the most salient factors influencing students’ perceived knowledge transferability; (b) the SDT-related variables together explained 64.2% of the between-student variance in perceived knowledge transferability; (c) after controlling for student-level covariates and SDT-related variables, 7.9% of the variance in perceived knowledge transferability was caused by between-class differences, and 19.6% of it could be explained by course fields and course levels. Our results, which provide evidence of multilevel factors influencing college students’ perceived knowledge transferability, have implications for promoting transfer in higher education.
What is the critical mass of help? A potential resolution to a paradox on citizenship and organizational performance

Prior explanations for the observed result that employee cooperation demonstrates both positive and negative relationships with organizational performance often require psychological reactions or cognitions. We use an agent-based model to assume away these effects and demonstrate a possible alternative relying on just three, simple features. These include (1) limits to an employee’s ability to help a colleague while also performing his or her own task, (2) the distribution of performance across the collective, and (3) the method of aggregating individual to organizational performance. Our model offers an alternative explanation to an empirical result, simple and sufficient conditions for producing a phenomenon, implications for theory on the nature of employee helping, and practical advice to evaluate the merits of helping interventions.
Rankin–Cohen brackets and Serre derivatives as Poincaré series

We give expressions for the Serre derivatives of Eisenstein and Poincare series as well as their Rankin–Cohen brackets with arbitrary modular forms in terms of the Poincare averaging construction, and derive several identities for the Ramanujan tau function as applications.
Scheduling Jobs with Precedence Constraints to Minimize Peak Demand

Job scheduling to minimize peak demand occurs in the context of smart electric power grids. Some jobs (e.g. certain household appliances) may have flexibility in their start times and so can be shifted in order to lower the peak power demand of the schedule. In this work, we consider a version of peak-demand scheduling where jobs are non-preemptible and have precedence constraints (e.g. job j cannot begin until job i has finished). This problem occurs in the setting of industrial processes, where resource-consuming tasks may have completion dependencies. Our main contribution is the first polynomial time approximation algorithm for this problem. The algorithm is randomized and finds a \(O(\varDelta \frac{\log n}{\log \log n})\)-approximation with probability at least \(1 - O(1/n)\), where n is the number of jobs to be scheduled and \(\varDelta \) is the length of the input’s longest precedence chain. We demonstrate that the algorithm is practical on realistic inputs, finds solutions that are close to optimal, and improves over existing algorithms on the data sets tested.
Educating third-graders against smoking

Educating third-grade schoolchildren (eight to nine years old) against smoking was conceived as an approach to counter the success of the tobacco industry’s advertising targeted to young children The intervention involved a poster contest, a hands-on curriculum and evaluation. Many children in the United States begin smoking at the of age 10, in fourth grade. We designed our intervention for eight-to nine-year olds. We had two purposes. The first was to establish baseline data on the knowledge of third graders about the health effects of smoking, their attitudes towards smoking and their intention to smoke. The second purpose was to address and target third graders with educational materials developed specifically for them in order to change their knowledge, attitude and perceptions of smoking and their intention to smoke.
29 Effective Family-Based Treatments for Adolescents with Serious Antisocial Behavior

Clinical and research overviews of family-based treatments that have been identified as effective or highly promising in the treatment of adolescent criminal behavior and substance abuse are provided. The theoretical basis, clinical approach, outcomes from clinical trials conducted by the treatment developers as well as findings from any independent clinical trials and mediation research are addressed for each treatment model. Effective family-based approaches in the treatment of delinquency include multisystemic therapy, functional family therapy, and multidimensional treatment foster care. Promising treatments for adolescent substance abuse include these aforementioned approaches as well as family behavior therapy, contingency management, brief strategic family therapy, and multidimensional family therapy. The commonalities of these models are noted, and suggestions are made for future research priorities.
Pore closure models for gas-solid reactions: The effect of bulk flow and reversibility

Abstract A pore closure model of gas-solid reactions has been extended to include the effect of bulk flow and reversible reactions. Both effects are shown to be of major importance in the chlorination of magnesia. During the course of reaction the controlling resistance is shown to change from pore diffusion to product layer diffusion to pore diffusion caused by closure of the pore.
Single- and Multiple-Dose Randomized Studies of Blosozumab, a Monoclonal Antibody Against Sclerostin, in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Two clinical studies were conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single and multiple doses (intravenous [iv] and subcutaneous [sc]) of blosozumab in postmenopausal women, including prior/current bisphosphonate (BP) users. In these phase 1, randomized, subject- and investigator-blind, placebo-controlled studies, subjects received escalating doses of blosozumab: single iv doses up to 750 mg, single sc doses of 150 mg, multiple iv doses up to 750 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) for 8 weeks, multiple sc doses up to 270 mg Q2W for 8 weeks, or placebo. Six subjects were randomized to each dose in the single-dose study (12 to placebo) and up to 12 subjects to each arm in the multiple-dose study. Blosozumab was well tolerated with no safety concerns identified after single or multiple administrations up to 750 mg. Dose-dependent responses were observed in sclerostin, N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type 1, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, C-terminal fragment of type 1 collagen, and bone mineral density (BMD) after single and multiple (up to 5) administrations of blosozumab. There was up to a 3.41% (p = 0.002) and up to a 7.71% (p < 0.001) change from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at day 85 after single or multiple administrations of blosozumab, respectively. Prior BP use did not appear to have a clear impact on the effects of single doses of blosozumab when considering bone biomarker and BMD responses. Antibodies to blosozumab were detected by a screening assay, but no patterns with regard to dose or route of administration and no clear impact on blosozumab exposure or PD responses were identified. In summary, blosozumab was well tolerated and exhibited anabolic effects on bone. These findings support further investigation of blosozumab as a potential anabolic therapy for osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Modulation of auroral field‐aligned electron fluxes under two inverted‐V structures at different altitudes

[1] This paper presents observations of field-aligned electron flux bursts from the auroral sounding rocket flight, Alaska 2000, launched February 25, 2000 from Poker Flat, Alaska. In one particular energetic electron burst, the field-aligned electron flux is observed to be modulated at 22–30 Hz at energies up to 30 keV. By assuming that the observed energy dispersion in the bursts is caused by time-of-flight effects, we obtain characteristic source altitudes of 87 dispersive electron bursts, and find that the average characteristic source altitude of the bursts is 4015 ± 684 km in the first inverted-V and 5411 ± 972 km in the second inverted-V. This result implies that the electron-wave or other interaction depends more strongly on which arc it occurs in, rather than another factor such as energy of the electrons, since dispersive bursts at a wide range of energies and durations were used to arrive at the result.
Gestural query specification

Direct, ad-hoc interaction with databases has typically been performed over console-oriented conversational interfaces using query languages such as SQL. With the rise in popularity of gestural user interfaces and computing devices that use gestures as their exclusive modes of interaction, database query interfaces require a fundamental rethinking to work without keyboards. We present a novel query specification system that allows the user to query databases using a series of gestures. We present a novel gesture recognition system that uses both the interaction and the state of the database to classify gestural input into relational database queries. We conduct exhaustive systems performance tests and user studies to demonstrate that our system is not only performant and capable of interactive latencies, but it is also more usable, faster to use and more intuitive than existing systems.
Malignant Hyperthermia: An Inherited Disorder of Skeletal Muscle Ca2+ Regulation

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle characterized by muscle contracture and life-threatening hypermetabolic crisis following exposure to halogenated anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants during surgery. Susceptibility to MH results from mutations in Ca2+ channel proteins that mediate excitation–contraction (EC) coupling, with the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel (RyR1) representing the major locus. Here we review recent studies characterizing the effects of MH mutations on the sensitivity of the RyR1 to drugs and endogenous channel effectors including Ca2+ and calmodulin. In addition, we present a working model that incorporates these effects of MH mutations on the isolated RyR1 with their effects on the physiologic mechanism that activates Ca2+ release during EC coupling in intact muscle.
Austerity in Britain: Rationing, Controls, and Consumption, 1939–1955 . By Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii, 286. $65.00.

Did the Second World War create a new sense of social unity and a consensus on domestic policy in Great Britain? Through an examination of rationing and consumption controls from 1939 to 1955, Austerity in Britain presents new evidence undermining the traditional interpretation that the war stimulated social unity and a policy consensus. Making good use of Public Record Office files, the author devotes separate chapters to the evolution of rationing policy and its effect on diet and health, popular attitudes toward rationing, the gender dimensions of rationing, and the political consequences of the postwar Labour government's continuation of rationing.
CD30 expression and its correlation with MYC rearrangement in de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Objective DLBCL is a heterogeneous disease with 40% of patients presenting as refractory/relapsing disease following R-CHOP treatment. Few recent studies investigating CD30 expression in DLBCL reported various prognostic effects. This study aimed to evaluate CD30 expression and its correlation with MYC rearrangement and to clarify its prognostic significance in DLBCL. Methods In 98 patients with de novoDLBCL, we studied CD30 expression by immunohistochemistry using different cutoff values (>0%, ≥20%, and ≥40% lymphoma cells, respectively) and correlated with the corresponding MYC rearrangement status by FISH. Results The clinicopathologic features were very similar between the CD30+ and CD30- groups. The only major difference was that CD30 expression was nearly exclusively seen in cases without MYC rearrangement. CD30 expression was not predictive of overall survival irrespective of therapy regimens, cell of origin, or MYC rearrangement status (P > 0.05). In the 27 patients receiving aggressive regimens, CD30 expression was associated with better OS (P = 0.008) when all patients were included while the survival advantage was lost (P = 0.21) if MYC rearranged cases were excluded. Conclusions CD30 expression was not associated with prognosis in our cohort of de novoDLBCL, including in patients who received aggressive chemotherapy. CD30 expression and MYC rearrangement were mutually exclusive in de novoDLBCL.
The Significance of Market Capitalization in Portfolio Management over Time

Market capitalization is one of the most important determinants of portfolio returns. For example, in the first eleven months of 1998, the Russell 1000, a large-cap index, advanced by 19.42%, while the Russell 2000, a small-cap index, declined by 8.23%. This recent experience is at odds with the documented superior long-run performance of small-cap stocks. On average, smaller-cap stocks do outperform large-cap stocks, but the performance advantage of small-cap stocks is hardly constant and, in fact, can be reversed in certain investment climates. This variability is in part predictable. Investors who can successfully manage their market capitalization exposure will realize significant rewards over investors who either ignore their exposure or are unable to alter it. The author argues that current tendency to handcuff a manager to a narrow capitalization range may be a mistake. Over time, greater flexibility in shifting market capitalization will enhance returns. Either managers should be given greater flexibility to alter the capitalization exposures, or investors and their consultants should dynamically adjust allocations to different capitalization categories. In either case, the author contends that improving performance in short-run horizons will enhance long-run performance. Far from being dead, market capitalization still matters very much.
A State-Space-Based Implicit Integration Algorithm for Differential-Algebraic Equations of Multibody Dynamics*

ABSTRACT An implicit numerical integration algorithm based on generalized coordinate partitioning is presented for the numerical solution of differential-algebraic equations of motion arising in multibody dynamics. The algorithm employs implicit numerical integration formulas to express independent generalized coordinates and their first time derivative as functions of independent accelerations at discrete integration times. The latter are determined as the solution of discretized equations obtained from state-space, second-order ordinary differential equations in the independent coordinates. All dependent variables in the formulation, including Lagrange multipliers, are determined by satisfying the full system of kinematic and kinetic equations of motion. The algorithm is illustrated using the implicit trapezoidal rule to integrate the constrained equations of motion for three stiff mechanical systems with different generalized coordinate dimensions. Results show that the algorithm is robust and has the ...
International Perspective: Confronting Diversity Issues in the Classroom with Strategies to Improve Satisfaction and Retention of International Students

Abstract As the number of international students attending American business schools continues to rise (Open Doors, 1994), managing diversity in the classroom has become an increasingly salient concern. Using surveys, interviews, and focus groups, this study identifies behaviors that international students consistently use that undermine, rather than facilitate, their own academic success. In addition, this study has identified proactive strategies that faculty members can employ in their classrooms. Though designed to improve the performance and integration of international students, these techniques will facilitate the learning process for all students, regardless of gender, age, or race.
Current-controlled deep brain stimulation reduces in vivo voltage fluctuations observed during voltage-controlled stimulation.

Abstract Objective Clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems typically utilize voltage-controlled stimulation and thus the voltage distribution generated in the brain can be affected by electrode impedance fluctuations. The goal of this study was to experimentally evaluate the theoretical advantages of using current-controlled pulse generators for DBS applications. Methods Time-dependent changes in the voltage distribution generated in the brain during voltage-controlled and current-controlled DBS were monitored with in vivo experimental recordings performed in non-human primates implanted with scaled-down clinical DBS electrodes. Results In the days following DBS lead implantation, electrode impedance progressively increased. Application of continuous stimulation through the DBS electrode produced a decrease in the electrode impedance in a time dependent manner, with the largest changes occurring within the first hour of stimulation. Over that time period, voltage-controlled stimuli exhibited an increase in the voltage magnitudes generated in the tissue near the DBS electrode, while current-controlled DBS showed minimal changes. Conclusion Large electrode impedance changes occur during DBS. During voltage-controlled stimulation, these impedance changes were significantly correlated with changes in the voltage distribution generated in the brain. However, these effects can be minimized with current-controlled stimulation. Significance The use of current-controlled DBS may help minimize time-dependent changes in therapeutic efficacy that can complicate patient programming when using voltage-controlled DBS.
Ecological modernization and its discontents: The American environmental movement's resistance to an innovation-driven future

Abstract Ecological modernization provides a theoretical framework for situating the emergence of new technology-intensive modes of environmental reform such as industrial ecology, environmentally conscious manufacturing, and ecological design. These forms of professional engineering practice all seek to exploit opportunities for aggressive innovation to achieve rigorous improvements in the environmental performance of industrial processes and consumer goods. Despite the potential of this approach, the American environmental movement has not offered much active support. This reticence is attributable to the historical development of organized environmentalism in the United States and its general tendency to privilege the interests of landscape and wildlife protection over concerns about public health and industrial pollution. There also exists within major segments of the country's environmental movement an inertia that stems from an institutionalized preference for litigation and lobbying and a wariness about technologically intensive policy programs. Novel initiatives launched by Environmental Defense and the Natural Resources Defense Council over the past decade however provide some instructive lessons for coming to terms with a more innovation-driven future.
Compartmentation of malate in relation to ion absorption in beet.

Malate in beet discs treated in different salt solutions was labeled by a 30 min pulse of (14)CO(2), and subsequent changes in specific activity were followed for several hr. In treatments which resulted in net acid synthesis in response to excess cation absorption, malate specific activity fell slowly after removal of (14)CO(2). In solutions where no net acid synthesis occurred, and from which cation and anion were absorbed equally, malate specific activity fell rapidly when (14)CO(2) was removed. The foregoing suggests that the net synthesis of organic acids in response to excess cation absorption leads to the removal of organic anions from cytoplasmic metabolic pools as counter-ions in salt transport to the vacuole.The latter hypothesis was further examined by direct measurement of the distribution of labeled malate between cytoplasm and vacuole using the wash-exchange method of compartmental analysis, previously described for inorganic ions. The method satisfied the criterion of exchange specificity necessary for this purpose. Much higher retention of label in the cytoplasm was observed in KCl solutions (no net synthesis) than in K(2)SO(4) solutions (net synthesis) after 3 hr (14)CO(2) fixation and subsequent wash-exchange. The observed distribution is consistent with the rapid removal of organic anions to the vacuole during net acid synthesis. The significance of organic acid transport in relation to metabolism is discussed.
Upconversion from aqueous phase lanthanide chelates

We have prepared and characterized several lanthanide ion complexes of multidentate ligands or chelates in an effort to develop new upconverting luminescent labels that can be immune to autofluorescence and photobleaching. This study has involved the characterization of various chelates of Nd, Er, and Tm with respect to relative luminescent efficiency and excited-state lifetimes and explored various two-photon stepwise excitation mechanisms. Using peak laser powers near 100 kW, the upconversion emissions of Nd in Nd(EDTA)2(5-) at 386 nm, Er in Er(DPA)3(3-) at 550 nm, and Tm in Tm(DPA)3(3-) at 480 nm, at levels of approximately 10(-12) moles can be detected.
School rituals as educational contexts: symbolizing the world, others, and self in Waldorf and college prep schools

This paper examines school rituals as educational contexts. Rituals in two private schools, an elite preparatory school and a Waldorf school, are compared. The schools were studied through extended fieldwork over a school year. School rituals and related symbolic relationships serve to orient participants in schools to particular world‐views. College Prep is shown to foster an instrumental‐rational way of perceiving the world. Waldorf School, in contrast, encourages an organic, holistic, and aesthetic perspective. The implications of differing perceptions of the world, relations to others, and the individual or “self” are discussed.
Anticonvulsive activity of several excitatory amino acid antagonists against barbital withdrawal-induced spontaneous convulsions

Abstract Several excitatory amino acid antagonists were tested for an ability to prevent spontaneous convulsions seen during the barbital abstinence syndrome in rats. Barbital-dependent animals were continuously infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) for the first 48 h following barbital withdrawal with either saline, 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (APH), magnesium sulfate, glutamyldiethyl ester (GDEE) or cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) using the highest dosages which did not affect normal behavior of the rats. All animals were observed continuously from 12 to 48 h postwithdrawal and the number of spontaneous convulsions observed in each animal was recorded. After this time, animals were killed by focused microwave irradiaton and the cerebellas were collected for determination of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. While both APH and MgSO4 dramatically prevented convulsions, only APH prevented the withdrawal-induced elevation of cerebellar cGMP. PDA and GDEE had no statistically significant effect on either cerebellar cGMP levels or on convulsive activity. Although the effect of GDEE was not statistically significant, the number of convulsions was reduced to 1 3 those seen in control animals. These data implicate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated pathways in seizure activity associated with the barbital abstinence syndrome and show that the withdrawal-induced elevation of cerebellar cGMP can occur without the induction of convulsions.
Understanding the Impact of Policy, Regulation and Governance on Mobile Broadband Diffusion

In information and communication technologies (ICTs) have created a global environment in which citizens from more developed countries have greater access to mobile broadband Internet services. The research question posed in this study is: Do national policy initiatives, regulatory measures, or governance practices increase a nation's mobile broadband diffusion? There is little research that has analyzed the impact of these factors on bridging the mobile broadband digital divide in highly developed or developing countries. Our empirical findings show that when controlling for measures of wealth, education, and other factors, there is greater mobile broadband diffusion in countries that encourage competition in their broader telecommunications sector and practice sound regulation. In countries where open competition allows alternative ICTs to compete with each other, the presence of more expensive alternative telecommunication services also increases mobile broadband diffusion. Although theory suggests that sound regulation and sound governance should both positively affect mobile diffusion, we observe where this theory breaks down in practice. Specifically, outliers in our data set show that a few countries have achieved high levels of mobile broadband adoption even though they face significant problems with corruption in their government.