cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Katanin Severing and Binding Microtubules Are Inhibited by Tubulin Carboxy Tails

Microtubule dynamics in cells are regulated by associated proteins that can be either stabilizers or destabilizers. A class of destabilizers that is important in a large number of cellular activities is the microtubule-severing enzymes, yet little is known about how they function. Katanin p60 was the first ATPase associated with microtubule severing. Here, we investigate the activity of katanin severing using a GFP-labeled human version. We quantify the effect of katanin concentration on katanin binding and severing activity. We find that free tubulin can inhibit severing activity by interfering with katanin binding to microtubules. The inhibition is mediated by the sequence of the tubulin and specifically depends on the carboxy-terminal tails. We directly investigate the inhibition effect of tubulin carboxy-terminal tails using peptide sequences of α-, β-, or detyrosinated α-tubulin tails that have been covalently linked to bovine serum albumin. Our results show that β-tubulin tails are the most effective at inhibiting severing, and that detyrosinated α-tubulin tails are the least effective. These results are distinct from those for other severing enzymes and suggest a scheme for regulation of katanin activity in cells dependent on free tubulin concentration and the modification state of the tubulin.
Developing a phenomenological equation to predict yield strength from composition and microstructure in β processed Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract A constituent-based phenomenological equation to predict yield strength values from quantified measurements of the microstructure and composition of β processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy was developed via the integration of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms. It is shown that the solid solution strengthening contributes the most to the yield strength (~80% of the value), while the intrinsic yield strength of the two phases and microstructure have lower effects (~10% for both terms). Similarities and differences between the proposed equation and the previously established phenomenological equation for the yield strength prediction of the α+β processed Ti-6Al-4V alloys are discussed. While the two equations are very similar in terms of the intrinsic yield strength of the two constituent phases, the solid solution strengthening terms and the ‘Hall-Petch’-like effect from the alpha lath, there is a pronounced difference in the role of the basketweave factor in strengthening. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were applied to the proposed phenomenological equation to determine the effect of measurement uncertainties on the estimated yield strength values.
Seed-mediated synthesis of core/shell FePtM/FePt (M = Pd, Au) nanowires and their electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction

We report a new seed-mediated growth of FePt over 2.5 nm wide FePtM (M = Pd, Au) nanowires (NWs) into core/shell FePtM/FePt NWs with controlled FePt shell thickness from 0.3 to 1.3 nm. These FePtM/FePt NWs show shell thickness and core composition-dependent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M HClO4. These core/shell FePtM/FePt NWs are generally more active and durable than the corresponding alloy NWs. Among FePtM/FePt NWs, FePt NWs, FePtPd NWs, and commercial Pt studied, the FePtPd/FePt NWs (0.8 nm shell) show the specific activity of 3.47 mA·cm–2 and the mass activity of 1.68 A/mg Pt at 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), superior to all other NWs (less than 1.59 mA/cm2 and 0.82 A/mg Pt for FePtAu/FePt and FePt) as well as the commercial Pt (0.24 mA/cm2 and 0.141 A/mg Pt). The FePtM/FePt (0.8 nm shell) NWs are also stable in the ORR condition and show no activity decrease after 5000 potential sweeps between 0.4 and 0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl). They are the most efficient nanocatalyst ever repo...
Impact of Interfacial Oxygen Content on Bonding, Stability, Band Offsets, and Interface States of GaAs:HfO2 Interfaces

A theoretical study of the structural and electronic properties of GaAs:HfO2 interface is performed using the density functional theory method. For the interfaces with Ga−O bonds (formed between Ga-terminated GaAs surface and O-terminated HfO2 surface), we found that the interfaces with 10% and 20% interfacial oxygen removed are thermodynamically stable over a wide range of O chemical potential. By gradually decreasing the interfacial O content from 100% to 30% (by changing O chemical potential corresponding to varying the growth condition), the valence band offset increases from 1.06 to 3.34 eV. The analysis of the electronic structures indicates that for interfaces with high interfacial oxygen content, the interface gap states are induced by interfacial Ga dangling bonds and As−As dimer pairs, which are formed by interface atomic structure reconstruction. The decreasing interfacial oxygen content causes the decrease of the charge states of interfacial Hf and Ga leading to metallic interface states. For ...
Ab Initio Studies of Structure and Excited States of Organic-Based Semiconductors

I will discuss the use of density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory - within the GW approximation and BSE approach - for understanding structure and excited-states of organic materials, e.g. acene crystals and halide perovskites.
Reduced retinal transduction and enhanced transgene-directed immunogenicity with intravitreal delivery of rAAV following posterior vitrectomy in dogs

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-based gene therapy is a promising treatment strategy for delivery of neurotrophic transgenes to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma patients. Retinal distribution of transgene expression following intravitreal injection (IVT) of AAV is variable in animal models and the vitreous humor may represent a barrier to initial vector penetration. The primary goal of our study was to investigate the effect of prior core vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid membrane peeling on pattern and efficiency of transduction of a capsid amino acid substituted AAV2 vector, carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter transgene following IVT in dogs. When progressive intraocular inflammation developed starting 4 weeks post IVT, the study plan was modified to allow detailed characterization of the etiology as a secondary goal. Unexpectedly, surgical vitrectomy was found to significantly limit transduction, whereas in non-vitrectomized eyes transduction efficiency reached upwards to 37.3% of RGC layer cells. The developing retinitis was characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrates resulting from a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which we suspect was directed at the GFP transgene. Our results, in a canine large animal model, support caution when considering surgical vitrectomy before IVT for retinal gene therapy in patients, as prior vitrectomy appears to significantly reduce transduction efficiency and may predispose the patient to development of vector-induced immune reactions.
Attentional processes in posttraumatic stress disorder and the associated changes in neural functioning

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with alterations in attention at the behavioral and neural levels. However, there are conflicting findings regarding the specific type of attention impairments present in PTSD, as the commonly used tests of attention do not isolate the mechanisms behind attention abnormalities, and the constructs measured do not map onto the neurocircuits governing attention. Here, we review the literature on attention processing in PTSD and offer directions for future research to clarify these unanswered questions. First, using instruments that allow assessment of behavioral and neurophysiological attention components will be necessary to understand attention deficits in PTSD. Second, focus on intra-individual variability in addition to assessment of central tendency may help clarify some of the mixed findings. Third, longitudinal studies on attentional processes are warranted to determine how attention contributes to the development and maintenance of PTSD. Integration of behavioral and neural measures of attention will be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of PTSD.
Developing terahertz imaging equation and enhancement of the resolution of terahertz images using deconvolution

This paper introduces a novel reconstruction approach for enhancing the resolution of the terahertz (THz) images. For this purpose the THz imaging equation is derived. According to our best knowledge we are reporting the first THz imaging equation by this paper. This imaging equation is universal for THz far-field imaging systems and can be used for analyzing, describing and modeling of these systems. The geometry and behavior of Gaussian beams in far-field region imply that the FWHM of the THz beams diverge as the frequencies of the beams decrease. Thus, the resolution of the measurement decreases in lower frequencies. On the other hand, the depth of penetration of THz beams decreases as frequency increases. Roughly speaking beams in sub 1.5 THz, are transmitted into integrated circuit (IC) packages and the similar packaged objects. Thus, it is not possible to use the THz pulse with higher frequencies in order to achieve higher resolution inspection of packaged items. In this paper, after developing the 3-D THz point spread function (PSF) of the scanning THz beam and then the THz imaging equation, THz images are enhanced through deconvolution of the THz PSF and THz images. As a result, the resolution has been improved several times beyond the physical limitations of the THz measurement setup in the far-field region and sub-Nyquist images have been achieved. Particularly, MSE and SSIM´ have been increased by 27% and 50% respectively. Details as small as 0.2 mm were made visible in the THz images which originally reveals no details smaller than 2.2 mm. In other words the resolution of the images has been increased by 10 times. The accuracy of the reconstructed images was proved by high resolution X-ray images.
Increased organ blood flow in chronic endotoxemia is reversed by nitric oxide synthase inhibition

We evaluated regional blood flows in a hyperdynamic sepsis model and the reversal of increased flows by blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Seven awake sheep were continuously infused with Escherichia coli endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 10 ng.kg-1.min-1] for 48 h. The NO synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 25 mg/kg) was injected after 24 h. Blood flows to systemic organs were determined with the radioactive microsphere technique. LPS induced elevation of cardiac index by 36% (P < 0.05) and a fall in systemic vascular resistance index by 37% (P < 0.05) at 0 h [time of L-NAME administration, 24 h after infusion of LPS had begun] L-NAME administration normalized cardiac index [6.1 +/- 0.5 at 4 h posttreatment, 6.1 +/- 0.5 l.min-1.m-2 at -24 h (baseline)] and systemic vascular resistance index (1,333 +/- 105 at 4 h posttreatment, 1,280 +/- 163 dyn.s.cm-5.m2 at -24 h) and reduced all regional blood flows to near-baseline levels for the remainder of the study period (24 h). O2 consumption was unaffected by treatment.
Char Properties and Gasification

There is increasing interest in the conversion of coal and biomass to gaseous fuels through the use of both high temperature and low temperature gasification processes. In gasification at high temperatures, the exothermic C-02 reaction supplies the heat to drive the endothermic C-H20 reaction and CO and H2 are the primary fuel gases produced. Gasification occurs under conditions (Zone b or III in Fig. 1) where reaction rates are limited in part or completely by mass transport of reacting gas to carbon sites. Concentration of carbon active sites or the presence of gasification catalysts are not of primary importance in determining gasification rates. The extent of utilization (η) of active sites is small; thus the apparent activation energy for carbon gasification (E a is also small. In the limit, gasification rates are independent of starting organic precursor.
WITHDRAWAL: Sports Participation in Genotype Positive Children With Long QT Syndrome

This article has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate. The correct published version of the article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2015.03.006 . The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
Facial Signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Craniofacial measurements of 100 individuals exposed to alcohol before birth were compared to 31 controls in an anthropometric study to define fetal alcohol (FAS) or partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) at St Vincent Hospitals, Indianapolis.
Uncovering the Dark Energy of Aging.

A medically relevant understanding of aging requires an appreciation for how time degrades specific, healthy features of individual organisms over the course of their lives. Zach Pincus and colleagues make a key step in this direction, using C. elegans as a model system.
Dataset of proteomics analysis of aging C. elegans exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01

Here, we present the proteomics dataset of young and middle-aged Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa strain PA01), which is related to the article "Proteomic Identification of Virulence-Related Factors in Young and Aging C. elegans infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa" (C. D. King et. al, in-revisions). This dataset was generated to better understand the effects of aging on molecular mechanisms involved in host response to pathogen exposure. Protein from C. elegans of different age and exposure to P. aeruginosa PA01 or control E. coli OP50 were extracted and tryptically digested. Peptides were labeled with the reagents tandem mass tag (TMT6-plex), separated, and detected by using offline strong-cation exchange and online liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (SCX – LC – MS/MS & MS3). A separate mixture of peptides were labeled on N-terminal amines and lysines with dimethylation. Dimethylated peptides were analyzed using LC – MS/MS and a portion of the results were used to verify fold-change direction for TMT6-plex experiments. Raw data can be found online at www.CHORUSproject.org, a cloud-based data repository (see specifications table for details).
Permanganate/S1 Nuclease Footprinting Reveals Non-B DNA Structures with Regulatory Potential across a Mammalian Genome

DNA in cells is predominantly B-form double helix. Though certain DNA sequences in vitro may fold into other structures, such as triplex, left-handed Z form, or quadruplex DNA, the stability and prevalence of these structures in vivo are not known. Here, using computational analysis of sequence motifs, RNA polymerase II binding data, and genome-wide potassium permanganate-dependent nuclease footprinting data, we map thousands of putative non-B DNA sites at high resolution in mouse B cells. Computational analysis associates these non-B DNAs with particular structures and indicates that they form at locations compatible with an involvement in gene regulation. Further analyses support the notion that non-B DNA structure formation influences the occupancy and positioning of nucleosomes in chromatin. These results suggest that non-B DNAs contribute to the control of a variety of critical cellular and organismal processes.
An Integrated View of Strategic Management

Strategic management has produced an amazing number of theories and models in the last decades. However, so far it has not succeeded in producing a good integrative model that can synthesize all th...
Changing What You See by Changing What You Know: The Role of Attention

Attending is a cognitive process that incorporates a person’s knowledge, goals, and expectations. What we perceive when we attend to one thing is different from what we perceive when we attend to something else. Yet, it is often argued that attentional effects do not count as evidence that perception is influenced by cognition. I investigate two arguments often given to justify excluding attention. The first is arguing that attention is a post-perceptual process reflecting selection between fully constructed perceptual representations. The second is arguing that attention as a pre-perceptual process that simply changes the input to encapsulated perceptual systems. Both of these arguments are highly problematic. Although some attentional effects can indeed be construed as post-perceptual, others operate by changing perceptual content across the entire visual hierarchy. Although there is a natural analogy between spatial attention and a change of input, the analogy falls apart when we consider other forms of attention. After dispelling these arguments, I make a case for thinking of attention not as a confound, but as one of the mechanisms by which cognitive states affect perception by going through cases in which the same or similar visual inputs are perceived differently depending on the observer’s cognitive state, and instances where cuing an observer using language affects what one sees. Lastly, I provide two compelling counter-examples to the critique that although cognitive influences on perception can be demonstrated in the laboratory, it is impossible to really experience them for oneself in a phenomenologically compelling way. Taken together, the current evidence strongly supports the thesis that what we know routinely influences what we see, that the same sensory input can be perceived differently depending on the current cognitive state of the viewer, and that phenomenologically salient demonstrations are possible if certain conditions are met.
The Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy on Stock Market

This paper shows that the effects of expansionary monetary policy on the U.S. stock market are asymmetric across different monetary policy phases and different stock market regimes. A Markov-switch...
Integration of Gene Signatures and Genomic Data into Radiation Oncology Practice

One of the goals of personalized medicine is to utilize biomarkers to sub-classify patients into risk groups that can be used to guide recommendations for therapy. In addition to classical risk factors, gene signatures and genomics are being developed as a means to biologically characterize tumors and to stratify patients according to the risk associated with the specific molecular aberrations present in their disease. Gene signatures and genomics are currently being investigated as a personalized medicine strategy for many cancers, but have been studied most extensively in breast cancer. In this disease, the results of genetic signatures have come to influence current recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy for appropriately selected patient populations. In this chapter, we will review the use of gene signatures and genomics in the development of personalized oncology, with an emphasis on applications for breast cancer.
Hölderlinian Hyper-Abstractions

Alongside the narrowing of Dionysian potential in Holderlin’s poetry by the spectres of nationalism and Christianity is the poet’s hyper-abstractions. The final origin of these (often outlandish) concepts may be seen as Holderlin’s emergent schizophrenia. Nevertheless, this chapter brings to light a few examples of the poet’s highly complex intellectual constellations. This includes, for instance, Holderlin’s hyperabstract concept of “the fire of heaven” wherein the poet fantasises that he has been “struck by Apollo”. Another problematic, if influential hyperabstract concept which diminishes the clarity of Holderlin Dionysiac chronotope and language is what he gestures to as sublime “boundlessness”. Being unaware of the historical invention of money in Greece (despite his uncanny capacity to illuminate the theatrical tension that this cataclysmic event calls forth), Holderlin follows the hyper-abstract—and significantly monetised (and visualised)—unconscious of the presocratic Herakleitos in his references to “the One differentiated in itself”.
Preparation and Analysis of Nitrogen-bearing Compounds in Water for Stable Isotope Ratio Measurement

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews methods for analyzing "natural abundance" nitrogen-bearing compounds in water for δ 15 N, δ 18 O, and δ 17 O. The techniques that are reviewed are Kjeldahl distillation and digestion, diffusion, micro diffusion, ion exchange, and microbial denitrifier methods. It overlaps the contents of the preparation of ecological and biogeochemical samples for isotope analysis and also covers sections on particulate organic nitrogen and biological samples. Nitrogen comprises 78% of the atmosphere, oxygen 21% and argon 1%. There are two stable isotopes of N are 14 N and 15 N and a wide range of oxidation numbers exhibited by nitrogen compounds. Developments of continuous-flow mass spectrometry makes it possible to determine both δ15N and δ18O values of nitrate samples. Such techniques are particularly useful for small-size samples. With decreasing sample size, possible isotopic fractionations associated with extraction from the matrix, contaminants in the reagents, and leaks will become more significant. Due to the interest in distinguishing different species of organic-N compounds, the diffusion method is applied to differentiate types of organic-N.
Empirically Measuring WHOIS Misuse

WHOIS is a publicly-accessible online directory used to map domain names to the contact information of the people who registered them (registrants). Regrettably, registrants have anecdotally complained about their WHOIS information being misused, e.g., for spam, while there is also concrete evidence that maliciously registered domains often map to bogus or protected information. All of this has brought into question whether WHOIS is still needed. In this study, we empirically assess which factors, if any, lead to a measurable degree of misuse of WHOIS data. We register 400 domains spread over the five most popular global top level domains (gTLD), using unique artificial registrant identities linked to email addresses, postal addresses, and phone numbers under our control. We collect, over six months, instances of misuse targeting our artificial registrants, revealing quantitative insights on both the extent and the factors (gTLD, domain type, presence of anti-harvesting mechanisms) that appear to have statistically-significant impact on WHOIS misuse.
A sorghum NAC gene is associated with variation in biomass properties and yield potential.

Sorghum bicolor is a C4 grass widely cultivated for grain, forage, sugar, and biomass. The sorghum Dry Stalk (D) locus controls a qualitative difference between juicy green (dd) and dry white (D-) stalks and midribs, and co-localizes with a quantitative trait locus for sugar yield. Here, we apply fine-mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify a candidate gene underlying D, and use nearly isogenic lines (NILs) to characterize the transcriptional, compositional, and agronomic effects of variation at the D locus. The D locus was fine-mapped to a 36 kb interval containing four genes. One of these genes is a NAC transcription factor that contains a stop codon in the NAC domain in the recessive (dd) parent. Allelic variation at D affects grain yield, sugar yield, and biomass composition in NILs. Green midrib (dd) NILs show reductions in lignin in stalk tissue and produce higher sugar and grain yields under well-watered field conditions. Increased yield potential in dd NILs is associated with increased stalk mass and moisture, higher biomass digestibility, and an extended period of grain filling. Transcriptome profiling of midrib tissue at the 4-6 leaf stages, when NILs first become phenotypically distinct, reveals that dd NILs have increased expression of a miniature zinc finger (MIF) gene. MIF genes dimerize with and suppress zinc finger homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcription factors, and a ZF-HD gene is associated with midrib color variation in a GWAS analysis across 1,694 diverse sorghum inbreds. A premature stop codon in a NAC gene is the most likely candidate polymorphism underlying the sorghum D locus. More detailed understanding of the sorghum D locus could help improve agronomic potential in cereals.
Immunotherapy for advanced penile cancer - rationale and potential.

Penile carcinoma is a rare disease that is associated with substantial morbidity. Advances in cytotoxic chemotherapy have been disappointing in the first-line and salvage settings, but the association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and a tumour-site agnostic approach form the basis of ongoing clinical trials evaluating immunotherapy strategies. In this Comment, McGregor and Sonpavde discuss the rationale and potential for immunotherapy in advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting associations with human papillomavirus infection and a tumour-site agnostic immunotherapy indication, which form the basis of ongoing clinical trials.
The release of iron from different asbestos structures by hydrogen peroxide with concomitant O2 generation.

Treatment of aqueous suspensions of different asbestos fibers (amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, and crocidolite) at 0-4°C and pH 7.2 with H O results in the consumption of H O with concomitant release of iron and production of O. During incubations, [H O] decreased in proportion to the mass of the suspended fiber, the duration of incubation, and the initial [H O]. The consumption of H O, production of O and release of iron all vary synergistically with the structure of the asbestos fiber. Release of silicon during the incubation was small relative to the decrement in [H O], reflecting a lack of dissolution of the fiber. The data are consistent with a redox process for the release of surface bound iron and it is significant that iron release occurs in the absence of a Fe(II) or Fe(III) chelator. The implications of iron release from the asbestos surface may be important in inflammatory disorders in which both silicate bound iron and H O accumulate. © Rapid Science 1998.
The Neural Effects of Extended Practice and the Benefits of a Nap

Can intense learning induce neuronal fatigue in well rested subjects? To answer this question, we recorded high density EEG during extended practice in a visuo-motor adaptation. We found that prolonged learning leads to a progressive slowing of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity over the cortical areas engaged by the task itself. Extended daytime training resulted in task-specific and local sEEG power increase in the low frequency range over areas that were engaged during training. This was accompanied by increased performance errors in the test that shared the task characteristics. Finally, an afternoon nap but not an equivalent period of quiet wake renormalized the local EEG changes induced by intense training and restored both performance and the ability to learn.
The challenges of measuring methane from space with a LIDAR

Remote sensing of methane fluxes has been highlighted as one of the measurement goals of the NASA 2017 Earth Science Decadal Survey. Measuring methane from space and airborne platforms with an active (laser) remote sensing instrument presents several technology and measurement challenges that need to be met in order to provide accurate and precise data. The instrument must be able to make continuous measurements day and night, over all seasons and at all latitudes. It must have a high signal-to-noise ratio and must be relatively immune to biases from aerosol/cloud scattering, spectroscopic and meteorological data uncertainties, and other systematic errors. In this paper, we will discuss the technology challenges, options and tradeoffs to measure methane from space and airborne platforms.
The relationships between health information behavior and neural processing in african americans with prehypertension

Information behavior may enhance hypertension self-management in African-Americans. The goal of this substudy was to examine relationships between measures of self-reported health information behavior and neural measures of health information processing in a sample of 19 prehypertensive African-Americans (mean age=52.5, 52.6% women). We measured 1) health information seeking, sharing, and use (surveys) and 2) neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess response to health information videos. We hypothesized that differential activation (comparison of analytic vs. empathic brain activity when watching a specific type of video) would indicate better function in three, distinct cognitive domains: 1) Analytic Network, 2) Default Mode Network (DMN), and 3) ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Scores on the information sharing measure (but not seeking or use) were positively associated with differential activation in the vmPFC (rs=.53, p=.02) and the DMN (rs=.43, p=.06). Our findings correspond with previous work indicating that activation of the DMN and vmPFC is associated with sharing information to persuade others, and with behavior change. Although health information is commonly conveyed as detached and analytic in nature, our findings suggest that neural processing of socially and emotionally salient health information is more closely associated with health information sharing.
Histone Methylation Directs Myeloid TLR4 Expression and Regulates Wound Healing following Cutaneous Tissue Injury.

Myeloid cells are critical for orchestrating regulated inflammation during wound healing. TLRs, particularly TLR4, and its downstream-signaling MyD88 pathway play an important role in regulating myeloid-mediated inflammation. Because an initial inflammatory phase is vital for tissue repair, we investigated the role of TLR4-regulated, myeloid-mediated inflammation in wound healing. In a cutaneous tissue injury murine model, we found that TLR4 expression is dynamic in wound myeloid cells during the course of normal wound healing. We identified that changes in myeloid TLR4 during tissue repair correlated with increased expression of the histone methyltransferase, mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), which specifically trimethylates the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) position of the TLR4 promoter. Furthermore, we used a myeloid-specific Mll1 knockout ( Mll1 f/f Lyz2 Cre+ ) to determine MLL1 drives Tlr4 expression during wound healing. To understand the critical role of myeloid-specific TLR4 signaling, we used mice deficient in Tlr4 ( Tlr4 −/− ), Myd88 ( Myd88 −/− ), and myeloid-specific Tlr4 (Tlr4 f/f Lyz2 Cre+ ) to demonstrate delayed wound healing at early time points postinjury. Furthermore, in vivo wound myeloid cells isolated from Tlr4 −/− and Myd88 −/− wounds demonstrated decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Importantly, adoptive transfer of monocyte/macrophages from wild-type mice trafficked to wounds with restoration of normal healing and myeloid cell function in Tlr4 -deficient mice. These results define a role for myeloid-specific, MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling in the inflammatory response following cutaneous tissue injury and suggest that MLL1 regulates TLR4 expression in wound myeloid cells.
Developing porosity–permeability transforms in two important oil-bearing formations in Ohio: The Clinton Sandstone and the Copper Ridge Dolomite

Porosity–permeability transforms were generated using an extensive data set covering two oil-bearing formations in Ohio: the Clinton Sandstone in eastern Ohio and the Copper Ridge Dolomite in central Ohio. The reservoirs were selected because of their historical importance as oil producers and their potential as targets for CO2 use for enhanced oil recovery and associated geological storage. The porosity-permeability transforms generated in this study have coefficients of determination that are nearly double those in the published literature. Methods applying other information (e.g., lithofacies type and reservoir depth) to improve the transforms are also discussed. Ultimately, it was determined that although subdividing the Clinton Sandstone data by geologically similar areas constrained the porosity and permeability values, the data for most areas were too limited to yield robust correlations. Thus, the range of possible outcomes should be determined using the transform derived from all available data. The Copper Ridge values were largely not constrained when subdivided by depth.
Thermal barrier enhancement of calcium carbonate coatings with nanoparticle additives, and their effect on hydrophobicity

Nano-TiO2, nanoclay, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were each introduced into calcium carbonate coatings common in paper/paperboard applications, to investigate improvements in thermal barrier performance and hydrophobicity. An in-house apparatus was built in which the temperature was measured on both sides of a coated cellulose substrate in the presence of a constant, applied thermal load. Hence, a temperature difference (ΔT) across the coated substrate was recorded for each coated sample. Thermal conductivity (k), contact angle (CA) and critical surface energy (σc) of the coated samples were also measured. In all cases, the presence of the nanoparticle (NP) additives to the calcium carbonate coatings improved the thermal barrier performance (increased ΔT and reduced k), and showed mild enhancement in the CA compared with coated samples that did not have NP added to the coating. Specifically, with the introduction of 2% CNC into the calcium carbonate coating, ΔT increased by 28.3 °C; k reduced by 0.0142 W/m K; and CA increased by 23°. The effects of thermal load application on the coated sample caused an increase in surface porosity of 7% and a reduction in σc by 13.0 mN/m, potentially indicating a loss of mechanical integrity. Thermal barrier and hydrophobic improvements were less successful with nanoclay additions to the calcium carbonate coatings, however the σc remained constant after thermal load application, indicating a more robust surface against applied heat. This study adds significant information to the little-studied field of thermal barrier improvements to paper coatings for food packaging applications.
A Qualitative Synthesis of Algebra Intervention Research

Completion of a quality Algebra course by 8 th grade is a prerequisite for successful entry into STEM majors; thus best practices in this critical course must be as equitable as possible to support STEM recruitment and retention. However, if the research base for Algebra is under-examines some populations of students, structural inequity may be unintentionally built into evidence-based practices. The purpose of this synthesis is to examine the ways in which qualitative Algebra strategy research did –or did not- account for equity issues including gender, SES, rural students, special education status, ethnicity, and native language through theoretical and participant choices. This synthesis used qualitative research integration techniques to provide a summary of fifty-eight qualitative investigations of Algebra 1 teaching strategies. The majority of studies specified constructivism, social constructivism, and situated cognition theoretical frameworks or did not specify a theoretical framework. The majority of research questions addressed the effectiveness of a particular pedagogical technique or intervention. Results suggest that the majority of study participants were Caucasian students from suburban localities and did not include sufficient detail necessary for replication.
Generating Expressive Light Signals for Appearance-Constrained Robots

Our goal is to enable robots to communicate information about their internal state using expressive light signals. Since nonverbal cues are typically given context by a robot’s other actions, we combined light signals, varying their color, pattern, and frequency, with robot base motion and investigated the effects of these nonverbal signals on human observers’ attribution of certain task-related properties (e.g., urgency and safety) to the robot. The results show that variations in light signal parameters affect human attribution of common notification properties. Using these findings, we present a first step towards systematically generating new light signals that can convey different state-related properties relevant for human-robot interaction, validated in a video-based study.
Ultrafast strong-field absorption in gapped graphene

We study theoretically the strong-field absorption of an ultrafast optical pulse by a gapped graphene monolayer. At low field amplitudes, the absorbance in pristine graphene is equal to the universal value of $2.3%$. Although the ultrafast optical absorption for low field amplitudes is independent of the polarization, linear or circular, of the applied optical pulse, for high field amplitudes, the absorption strongly depends on the pulse polarization. For a linearly polarized pulse, the optical absorbance is saturated at the value of $\ensuremath{\approx}1.4%$ for the pulse's amplitude of $\ensuremath{\ge}0.4\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}/\AA{}$, but no such saturation is observed for a circularly polarized pulse. For the gapped graphene, the absorption of a linearly polarized pulse shows a weak dependence on the bandgap, while for a circularly polarized pulse, the absorption is very sensitive to the bandgap.
N-dimensional geospatial data and analytics for critical infrastructure risk assessment

The assessment of the vegetation growth rate given remote sensing data is a challenging task in the Earth Observation sciences. LiDAR data acquisition is commonly used to extract height information at a given moment in time, however, the associated cost and complexity restrict continuous acquisitions. Frequently captured aerial imagery can be used to identify and separate vegetation from bare land, water, impervious surface, or built infrastructure. A combination of LiDAR data with aerial and radar imagery allows to track dynamic seasonal growth of vegetation around critical infrastructure such as power lines. We present a general framework that integrates tree identification and growth assessment around power lines with the goal to identify locations of high risk where trees potentially cause power outages.
A corrected method for Coulomb scattering in arbitrarily weighted particle-in-cell plasma simulations

Abstract A physically and statistically accurate method to perform binary, pairwise Coulomb collisions for arbitrarily-weighted macroparticles in particle-in-cell simulations is described. The method is shown to conserve global energy and momentum on average and to produce physically accurate scattering frequencies. This is justified using the statistically expected values of the method and through a series of numerical tests showing that the method is valid independently of macroparticle weight. This novel method is required due to an error in previous work on binary scattering, initially by Nanbu and Yonemura [J. Comp. Phys. 145, 639 (1998)] and applied to subsequent work, that causes inaccuracies in the scattering frequencies for unequally weighted simulations; a problem that occurs both for scattering within the group and between different groups.
Impact of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing Outcomes and Dysphagia Management in Neurodegenerative Diseases

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine the incidence of abnormal fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) findings in patients with progressive neurologic disorders and identify the most commonly implemented dysphagia management strategies. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective Review. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of patients with neurodegenerative disease who underwent FEES at a tertiary-care center between 2008 and 2019. Patient demographics, diagnosis, and Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) scores were recorded. Rates of penetration, aspiration, and functional change in management (FCIM) to include dietary modifications, home exercises, swallow therapy, surgical intervention (injection augmentation or esophageal dilation), or alternative means of nutrition (i.e., percutaneous enteral gastrostomy [PEG] tube) were calculated. RESULTS Two hundred nine FEES assessments were performed in 178 patients with a mean age of 64.8 years (standard deviation = ±14). The most common diagnoses were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (32%) followed by Parkinson's disease or Parkinsonism (26%). FEES demonstrated penetration in 72.5% of patients and aspiration in 14.6%. Mean EAT-10 scores differed between patients with aspiration versus penetration versus normal FEES (24.7 vs. 14.9 vs. 13.9, respectively, P < .001). An FCIM was recommended in 88% of patients and most commonly included self-directed modifications (43%). Overall, 4.5% of patients underwent surgical intervention. A PEG tube was recommended for either supplemental or sole form of nutrition in 19% of the entire cohort. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with neurodegenerative diseases presenting with dysphagia demonstrated abnormal FEES findings necessitating an FCIM, suggesting early dysphagia evaluation may be warranted in this cohort. These findings correlate with worsened EAT-10 scores in patients with aspiration or penetration on FEES. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:726-730, 2021.
Design and Deployment of the Redundant Configuration of Substation Automation Measurement and Control Equipment

In order to enhance the redundancy of smart substation measurement and control devices, the redundant configuration scheme of substation secondary devices is discussed. There are 4 pop redundant backup schemes discussed, the dual distributed redundant backup scheme, the dual integrated redundant backup scheme, the single bay dynamic redundant backup scheme and the integrated multibay redundant backup scheme (IMBRB). The IMBRB scheme is more suitable for the status of automation device running in the field. In this paper, the design of redundant measurement and control device in accordance with IMBRB scheme is carried out. The main technical difficulty is the consistency check of the backup device model and the operating device model. After the consistency is met, a method is designed to make the replacement of the running device by the backup device. The complete process requires a management system. In the end, the deployment scheme of integrated redundant measurement and control device for 500kV substation 3/2 breaker is designed.
Uridine natural products: Challenging targets and inspiration for novel small molecule inhibitors

Nucleoside derivatives, in particular those featuring uridine, are familiar components of the nucleoside family of bioactive natural products. The structural complexity and biological activities of these compounds have inspired research from organic chemistry and chemical biology communities seeking to develop novel approaches to assemble the challenging molecular targets, to gain inspiration for enzyme inhibitor development and to fuel antibiotic discovery efforts. This review will present recent case studies describing the total synthesis and biosynthesis of uridine natural products, and de novo synthetic efforts exploiting features of the natural products to produce simplified scaffolds. This research has culminated in the development of complementary strategies that can lead to effective uridine-based inhibitors and antibiotics. The strengths and challenges of the juxtaposing methods will be illustrated by examining select uridine natural products. Moreover, structure-activity relationships (SAR) for each natural product-inspired scaffold will be discussed, highlighting the impact on inhibitor development, with the aim of future uridine-based small molecule expansion.
Validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for analysis of [11C]Nicotine

Validated analytical methods must be used for accurate and precise determination of identity, purity, strength, and quality of any pharmaceutical dose intended for human administration. Consequently, all analytical methods must be validated per USP and the ICH Q2R1 guidelines to meet the cGMP requirements of the FDA and EMA. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analytical method, with <10 min run time, was developed for the analysis of [11C]nicotine. The analytical method was found to be specific, accurate, suitable, robust, precise, and linear for [11C]nicotine, nicotine, and (±) nornicotine in the concentration ranges studied. The LOD and LOQ values were also established.
Graded Index Coatings of Cubic Thallium Iodide (TLI) and Lead Fluoride (PbF 2 )

We present a new technique for producing graded index films from alternating very thin layers of two materials. During deposition the thickness of the layers is adjusted so that the resulting average index matches the index of the profile for that total thickness. This method shows great promise for making films with any desired complicated index profile in a very straightforward manner. Results are presented for graded index AR films near 10μm made from TI and PbF 2 . The 10.6μm absorption of these films was similar to that of discrete, multilayer AR films composed of the same materials. The alternating layer method also takes advantage of the polymorphism of TI in thin layers to produce films in the cubic phase. We show by X-ray and optical measurements that each TI layer possesses the CsCl structure at room temperature. It thus appears that each layer of TI is ignorant of the existence of the previous layer of TI due to the layer of buffer material (PbF 2 ).
Global displacement and local contexts: a case study of U.S. urban educational policy and practice

A growing corpus of interdisciplinary scholarship focuses on migration, particularly the increasing intensity of forced migration, or displacement, and the sociocultural, political, and symbolic di...
The Effect of Electronic Health Record Burden on Pediatricians' Work-Life Balance and Career Satisfaction.

Objectives To examine pediatricians' perspectives on administrative tasks including electronic health record (EHR) documentation burden and their effect on work–life balance and life and career satisfaction. Methods We analyzed 2018 survey data from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study (PLACES), a longitudinal cohort study of early and midcareer pediatricians. Cohorts graduated from residency between 2002 and 2004 or 2009 and 2011. Participants were randomly selected from an AAP database (included all pediatricians who completed U.S. pediatric residency programs). Four in 10 pediatricians (1,796 out of 4,677) were enrolled in PLACES in 2012 and considered participants in 2018. Data were weighted to adjust for differences between study participants and the overall population of pediatricians. Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression examined the association of EHR burden on work–life balance (three measures) and satisfaction with work, career, and life (three measures). Responses to an open-ended question on experiences with administrative tasks were reviewed. Results A total of 66% of pediatrician participants completed the 2018 surveys (1,192 of 1,796; analytic sample = 1,069). Three-fourths reported EHR documentation as a major or moderate burden. Half reported such burden for billing and insurance and 42.7% for quality and performance measurement. Most pediatricians reported satisfaction with their jobs (86.7%), careers (84.5%), and lives (66.2%). Many reported work–life balance challenges (52.5% reported stress balancing work and personal responsibilities). In multivariable analysis, higher reported EHR burden was associated with lower scores on career and life satisfaction measures and on all three measures of work–life balance. Open-ended responses (n = 467) revealed several themes. Two predominant themes especially supported the quantitative findings—poor EHR functionality and lack of support for administrative burdens. Conclusion Most early to midcareer pediatricians experience administrative burdens with EHRs. These experiences are associated with worse work–life balance including more stress in balancing responsibilities and less career and life satisfaction.
A Second Challenge Study

Many parents had been screened too late to enter our first trial, but wished to begin our second trial. Others answered the newspaper advertisment and were examined in the same fashion as described earlier. Of the initial pool of 63 children for our second trial, 13 completed all phases of the study. The selection process is shown in Table VI.