cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dermatology education and the Internet: traditional and cutting-edge resources.

Background The number and variety of dermatological medical resources available online has grown exponentially over the past decade. Internet-based resources allow for immediate and easy access to information for both medical education and reference purposes. Although clinicians continue to turn to the Internet for clinical information and still images, tech-savvy medical students are currently accessing a variety of exciting new resources, including discussion boards, wikis, streaming video, podcasts, journal clubs, online communities, and interactive diagnostic experiences to augment their medical education. Objective The objective of this study was to identify traditional and cutting-edge online dermatology resources. Methods We present a sampling of the top dermatology Internet resources, as assessed by a group of medical students in our university dermatology research lab. These resources were ranked by using a matrix derived from the Silberg Criteria, which assessed authorship, attribution, disclosure, currency, and content. Results indicate comparable ranking and approval of cutting-edge resources as traditional online sources. The ranked resources in each category are provided with URLs for readers' use. Conclusions These cutting-edge online dermatology resources represent excellent sources for continuing education for students and clinicians alike. Resources such as these likely represent the future of medical education, as they allow for self-directed and supplementary education as well as remote access.
Urban bias and the political economy of agricultural price reform

Abstract This paper is an exercise in the incorporation of “political economy” constraints into the analysis of policy reform. It is an illustrative exercise, focusing on the potential distributional consequences of agricultural price reform. In the stylized model discussed in the paper, “urban bias” is reflected in the ability of the urban sector to maintain its standard of living in the face of price reform, through the channel of increased government expenditure on the output of the sector. It is shown that in such a setting price reform may have completely unintended effects. The paper appears in a somewhat unusual format. The first half of the paper presents the arguments in an entirely non-technical, verbal, manner. The second half of the paper presents a formal, mathematical development which makes precise the heuristic and intuitive discussions of the first half.
Learning Strategies and Achievement in the Spanish Writing Classroom: A Case Study

ABSTRACT: This article investigates the effect of learning strategies on writing achievement in an intermediate-advanced college-level Spanish writing course, and examines the influence of the students native language and textbook on these strategies. The study was conducted with a class of 20 students that comprised nine first (L1) and eleven second/foreign (L2/FL) language speakers. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) provided an estimate of learning strategy use and two composition grades were used as a measure of the students' success. Additionally, the class was divided into two groups, each instructed to work with a different textbook. The following results were found: (1) on average, L1 students obtained higher grades than L2/FL students, (2) L1 students were more inclined to use affective and memory strategies than L2/FL students, and (3) use of memory strategies and writing achievement were significantly correlated, explaining 40% of the overall variability in grades. It was not possible to link the use of a specific textbook to the composition grades. Several classroom implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Amorphization of Ge/Al or Si/Al bilayer specimens induced by 1 MeV electron irradiation at 10 K

Abstract The effects of 1 MeV electron irradiation on crystalline Ge/Al or Si/Al bilayer specimens at 10 K have been studied in situ by high-voltage electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that a crystalline-to-amorphous (c-to-a) transition takes place at the interface of a Ge/Al bilayer specimen only if the Ge layer faces the incident beam, while amorphization occurs in a Si/Al bilayer specimen regardless of the incident beam's direction with respect to the bilayer specimen. Diffuse rings in selected-area diffraction patterns first appear at a fluence of about 3 × 1023 cm−2 (about 30, 19 or 18 displacements per atom in Ge, Si or Al respectively), and the amorphous volume fraction increases with increasing fluence. These results can be understood in terms of a simple recoil-implantation mechanism.
Testing Committee Composition Hypotheses for the U.S. Congress

Tests of theories of the composition of congressional committees are often problematic. Among the problems are presumed normality of the data, presumed cardinal meaning of the data, and the use of a mean score of committee preference when the corresponding theory only contains implications for the median score. This essay introduces a testing method that avoids these problems. It tests five hypotheses: (1) committees are preference outliers, (2) Democrats stack their slots on committees with liberal outliers, (3) Republicans stack their slots with conservative outliers, (4) committees are representative of the whole House, and (5) Democratic contingents on committees are representative of the whole Democratic caucus. Strong support, however, cannot be found for any of the hypotheses. The preference outlier hypothesis receives the most support, but even here the evidence is mixed.
Diffusion-controlled deposition on surfaces: Cluster-size distribution, interface exponents, and other properties

The diffusion-controlled deposition of particles onto surfaces has been simulated in two and three dimensions. The deposits generated in these simulations are substantially larger than those used in earlier work and allow the geometric scaling relationships which characterize the surface deposits to be more precisely determined. Several of these geometric scaling relationships are investigated in this paper. All of our results are consistent with the idea that surface deposits generated by diffusion-limited particle deposition have a fractal-like structure with a fractal dimensionality ($D$) equal to that of clusters generated by the Witten-Sander model for diffusion-limited aggregation. Our results are also consistent with the relationships between the cluster-size-distribution exponent ($\ensuremath{\tau}$), the fractal dimensionality and the Euclidean dimensionality ($d$) [$\ensuremath{\tau}=1+\frac{(d\ensuremath{-}1)}{D}$] recently obtained by R\'acz and Vicsek. Results are also presented for the way in which the size of the old-growth-new-growth interface depends on the size of the old growth.
Retention and dissociation of tobacco mosaic virus by tobacco protoplasts

Abstract When tobacco protoplasts were inoculated with radioactive tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, about 15% of the particles (approximately 8 × 103 particles per protoplast) were retained. When poly- l -ornithine was not included in the inoculum, the amount of virus retained was reduced 6- to 30-fold. Maximum retention was observed 20–30 min after the addition of virus to the protoplasts. Thirty minutes after mixing virus and protoplasts, about 5% of the protein of the retained TMV had been removed and some of the virus particles appeared to be partially dissociated. A considerable amount of the retained viral material in extracts of inoculated protoplasts was found in the pellets after sucrose gradient centrifugation. This abnormally rapid sedimentation was correlated with the presence of poly- l -ornithine in the inoculum.
Nominal Versus Interacting Group Processes for Committee Decision-Making Effectiveness

The article reviews literature dealing with the relative effectiveness of interacting (spontaneous group discussion) versus nominal (individual silent effort in a group setting) group processes for...
The societal burden of pain in Germany: health-related quality-of-life, health status and direct medical costs.

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of the severity and frequency of pain on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), self-reported health status, and direct medical costs in Germany.Methods:Data are from the internet-based 2010 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS). Estimates of the impact of pain experience are generated by a series of regression models. In the case of HRQoL the physical and mental summary scores from the SF-12, together with SF-6D utilities, are evaluated within an ordinary least squares framework. Health status is assessed through an ordered logit model. Direct medical costs are estimated through a semi-logarithmic healthcare cost function. Socioeconomic characteristics, health risk behaviors, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) are introduced as control variables in all regressions.Results:An estimated 23.96% of the adult German population (16.39 million) reported experiencing pain in the last 30 days. Of these 13.16% reported severe pain. ...
Cilium length: influence on neural tonotopic organization

Previous studies have suggested that variations in the length of the hair cell cilia contribute to auditory nerve fiber tuning and tonotopic organization. In the granite spiny lizard, cilium length...
Mfsk signal detection using acousto‐optic joint transform correlator

A multichannel acousto-optic joint transform correlator is presented. On-plane acousto-optic (AO) cells and a square-law converter are employed. The AO cells are driven by frequency multiplexed temporal signals to produce spatially modulated signals. The joint transform power spectrum is generated with a square-law converter. By inverse Fourier transformation with a coherent readout, the cross correlation of input signals can be obtained. Since the architecture can process wideband signals, it may be applied to detect multiple frequency shift keying (MFSK) signals.
Dynamics of peptidergic secretory granule transport are regulated by neuronal stimulation.

Background Peptidergic neurons store and secrete the contents of large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) from axon terminals and from dendrites. Secretion of peptides requires a highly regulated exocytotic mechanism, plus coordinated synthesis and transport of LDCVs to their sites of release. Although these trafficking events are critical to function, little is known regarding the dynamic behavior of LDCVs and the mechanisms by which their transport is regulated. Sensory neurons also package opiate receptors in peptide-containing LDCVs, which is thought to be important in pain sensation. Since peptide granules cannot be refilled locally after their contents are secreted, it is particularly important to understand how neurons support regulated release of peptides.
P02.192. The mediating role of bodily dissociation and emotion regulation on PTSD symptoms among women in substance use disorder treatment

Purpose Dissociation from the body involves a sense of separation from bodily self and typically involves a lack of attention to sensory awareness. Dissociation from the body is common among women with a history of sexual trauma and interferes with emotion regulation. Interoceptive awareness (inner body awareness and processing), has recently been posited as important to homeostasis and regulation to facilitate relapse prevention among individuals in substance use disorder treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating role of bodily dissociation and emotion regulation on PTSD symptoms among women in substance use disorder treatment.
Preliminary Observations of Mortality Reduction in Stressed, Flavobacterium columnare–Challenged Golden Shiners after Treatment with a Dairy-Yeast Prebiotic

Abstract We conducted preliminary studies to evaluate the effects of including dairy-yeast prebiotics in the diets of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas with access to natural foods on their resistance to challenge with Flavobacterium columnare. In trial 1, fish were fed either a control diet or a 2% dairy-yeast prebiotic diet for 10 weeks in outdoor pools before challenge. In trial 2, fish fed the experimental diets were either subjected to confinement stress or left unmolested before challenge. Mortality (mean ± SE) was not significantly different in the control diet (23.4 ± 3.4%), the prebiotic diet (10.0 ± 3.3%), and the prebiotic diet with stress (16.7 ± 3.4%) treatments. However, mortality was significantly greater in the control diet with stress treatment (50.0 ± 3.3%) than in the other treatments. This preliminary investigation suggests that prebiotic supplementation in golden shiner feeds before a stressful event would significantly reduce the mortality from F. columnare.
The Not-So-Hidden Costs of Surgical Site Infections

Surgical site infections (SSIs) adversely affect approximately 500,000 patients annually, causing immense human suffering and taking a huge financial toll on patients, hospitals, insurance companies, and the government. National organizations have made recommendations for reducing SSIs, and many advances have been made in evidence-based practice recommendations that result in fewer SSIs. Reusable electrocardiogram (ECG) lead wires can be a significant source of infection. One medical center near Richmond, VA, began using a disposable ECG lead wire set and wireless transceiver system and subsequently experienced a 40% decrease in SSIs.
Continuous-wave operation of a 460-GHz second harmonic gyrotron oscillator

We report the regulated continuous-wave (CW) operation of a second harmonic gyrotron oscillator at output power levels of over 8 W (12.4 kV and 135 mA beam voltage and current) in the TE0,6,1 mode near 460 GHz. The gyrotron also operates in the second harmonic TE2,6,1 mode at 456 GHz and in the TE2,3,1 fundamental mode at 233 GHz. CW operation was demonstrated for a one-hour period in the TE 0,6,1 mode with better than 1% power stability, where the power was regulated using feedback control. Nonlinear simulations of the gyrotron operation agree with the experimentally measured output power and radio-frequency (RF) efficiency when cavity ohmic losses are included in the analysis. The output radiation pattern was measured using a pyroelectric camera and is highly Gaussian, with an ellipticity of 4%. The 460-GHz gyrotron will serve as a millimeter-wave source for sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (dynamic nuclear polarization) experiments at a magnetic field of 16.4 T
A channel efficient method for high-resolution active direction finding of multiple targets

A high-resolution direction-finding method for active systems is presented. Unlike the available high-resolution method, which requires the number of coherent receiver channels to be larger than the number of targets, this method requires only two (three) channels for one (two)-dimensional direction-finding, regardless of the number of targets to be resolved, thus reducing the implementation cost. The idea of this method is to incorporate the signaling waveform information, available in the active systems, in using the signal-subspace processing approach. >
Thermal stability of nano-structured ferritic alloy

Abstract The excellent tensile and creep strength and the potential for managing radiation damage make nano-structured ferritic alloys (NFAs) promising candidates for high-temperature applications in spallation proton, advanced fission and fusion neutron environments. The thermal stability of NFAs is critical for such applications, hence, this has been investigated in a series of aging experiments on MA957 at 900 °C, 950 °C and 1000 °C for times up to 3000 h. Optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies showed the fine scale grain and dislocation structures are stable up to 1000 °C. TEM and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) showed that the nm-scale solute cluster-oxide features (NFs), that are a primary source of the high strength of NFAs, were stable at 900 °C and coarsened only slightly at 950 °C and 1000 °C. Porosity that developed during high-temperature aging was minimal at 900 °C and modest at 950 °C, but was much larger after 1000 °C. Microhardness was basically unchanged after the 900 °C aging, and decreased only slightly (⩽3%) after aging at 950 °C and 1000 °C.
Analysis of the impact of sensor noise on formation flying control

This paper analyzes the impact of sensing noise on formation flying control algorithms developed for distributed spacecraft systems. The key issue is that the sensing errors cause uncertainty in the initial conditions of the trajectory planning process which is at the core of the fuel-optimization algorithm. To account for these sensing errors, modifications are presented to the station-keeping optimization algorithms that have been developed using linear programming. The approach robustified the design of the control inputs to velocity errors, but this is achieved at the expense of using much shorter design horizons. The modified control approach is demonstrated using a realistic nonlinear simulation environment. The results from these simulations confirm that noise in the relative velocity measurements will play a crucial role in the fleet performance and/or the fuel cost.
Effects of the anti hormone-hormone mimic ETB on the induction of insect juvenile hormone esterase in Trichoplusia ni.

Abstract Juvenile hormone (JH) esterases can be artificially induced to appear in the hemolymph of last instar larvae of the lepidopterous insect Trichoplusia ni (Noctuidae) by topical treatment with JH I, JH II, or dihomo branched juvenoids. ETB (ethyl-4-[2-(t-butylcarbonyloxy) butoxy] benzoate; ZR-2646) at high doses is a weak inducer of JH esterase (JHE). However, at doses of ETB that induce only low levels of JHE activity, ETB will block the JHE induction caused by the dihomo juvenoid epofenonane and at higher doses will reduce the induction caused by JH I or JH II. ETB is not a JHE inhibitor; rather, it appears to be acting as a JH agonist/antagonist in normal larvae and in isolated abdomens. These effects of ETB on JHE induction may illustrate a new mode of action of anti-JH's.
Visual Attributes Related to Preference in Interior Environments

Responding to a need for knowledge of the preferences of environmental users, this study sought to identify commonly preferred visual attributes of interiors. A principal components analysis of preference ratings of 80 black-and-white slides of interior spaces provided by 309 college students yielded eight factors, named on the basis of their common design attributes. Verbal descriptions of preferred and nonpreferred settings help interpret the factors. Mean preference scores for each factor along with insights gained from a visual content analysis of scenes sequenced according to mean preference rating revealed relationships between environmental attributes and preference. Findings supported conceptual frameworks linking aesthetic evaluation to cognitive processes and basic human information needs. Hypotheses concerning preference for environments that are stimulating and involving, make sense, and include natural contents and balanced opportunities for “prospect” and “refuge” were confirmed.
Expression of major histocompatibility complex antigen and timing of invasion by equine chorionic girdle cells cultured on Matrigel.

Chorionic girdle cells are a highly invasive subpopulation of trophoblastic cells of the horse conceptus that adhere to the uterine epithelium and begin to invade the endometrium on Days 34-36 (Day 0 = day of ovulation). Just prior to and during invasion (Days 3236), chorionic girdle cells express high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I, but expression of this antigen decreases by Days 40-45 and is lost by Day 55. The mechanisms involved in the control of chorionic girdle cell invasion and altered MHCI expression over time are not known. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the timing of invasion and the characteristics of MHC expression by girdle cells cultured on Matrigel to determine whether chorionic girdle cell behavior in this environment is similar to the behavior in vivo. Chorionic girdles from four conceptuses were collected on each of Days 30, 31, and 32 and placed in Matrigel invasion chambers for 48 h and in additional duplicate chambers for a time period equivalent to the number of days from the day of collection to Day 36 (6, 5, and 4 days, respectively). After these culture times, the area of the filter covered by invasive cells was determined through use of the software program NIH image. At 48 h, Day 31 and Day 32 girdle cell preparations had invaded Matrigel; but only one Day 30 girdle cell preparation showed invasion into Matrigel, and the extent of invasion was limited. Girdle cells collected on all 3 days had invaded Matrigel by the time equivalent to Day 36. Additionally, chorionic girdles from six conceptuses were collected on Day 34 and placed in Matrigel invasion chambers. Three of these were examined for surface antigen expression of MHCI, MHCII, and a trophoblastspecific antigen (102.1) by immunocytochemistry (ICC) every 48 h to a time point equivalentto Day 44. The remaining three were examined for these same antigens at times equivalent to Days 36, 40, 50, and 60. Invasive Day 34 girdle cells expressed MHCI and trophoblastspecific antigen, but not MHCII, at each time examined (Days 36-60). Neither the timing of invasion nor MHCI expression by chorionic girdle cells on Matrigel mimicked what occurs in vivo. Therefore, it is likely that the in utero environment plays a role in regulating these two characteristics of equine chorionic girdle cells.
High Resolution CT Scanning in Infantile Autism: A Quantitative Approach

Thirteen autistic and 10 control children were studied with high resolution computerized tomographic (CT) scans. Linear and volumetric measurements of ventricles, subarachnoid cisterns and head size were made. Evidence of subtle differences between autistic and control children with marked variance within the autistic group when compared to the control group was revealed. This study confirms previous reports of heterogeneity in brain structure in autism. New and more sophisticated technology now permits a more quantitative approach to regional brain structural features than has been feasible in the past.
Rank minimization over finite fields

This paper establishes information-theoretic limits in estimating a finite field low-rank matrix given random linear measurements of it. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the number of measurements required are provided. It is shown that these conditions are sharp. The reliability function associated to the minimum-rank decoder is also derived. Our bounds hold even in the case where the sensing matrices are sparse. Connections to rank-metric codes are discussed.
Dynamic Programming Solution for the Optimal Allocation of Mine Manpower to Multiple Work Activities

Abstract A dynamic programming model is formulated and applied to allocate coal miners among work activities optimally on an operating shift basis. The recurrence relation used maximizes the revenues obtained by allocating miners to separate but competing work activities.
A new approach to the time-sequential sampling problem

Sampling of signals that vary in time and have one or more spatial dimensions is studied for constrained sampling sets. The constraint imposed is that only one spatial sample can be taken at a given time, hence the name time-sequential sampling. J. Allebach (1984) has shown previously that the amount of aliasing error is not only a function of the sampling rates, but is also strongly dependent on the order in which spatial sample points are taken. A new design technique for finding optimal sampling patterns that minimize the sampling rates and produce zero aliasing error is developed by viewing time-sequential sampling as a specialized case of generalized two-dimensional sampling. New lower bounds for sampling rates required to produce zero aliasing error are given. These bounds are then used as stopping criteria for the aforementioned design technique. Theorems are given which state conditions under which the design problem reduces to a general two-dimensional sampling problem. >
The Persistent Life of Oppression: The Unconscious, Power, and Subjectivity

The rise of standardization signals that Paulo Freire's critique of the banking concept of education continues to be relevant today. But Freire's theory of critical pedagogy has not gone without its critiques. On the one hand, the fact that these criticisms exist should not blind us to the fact that Freire's intention was to formulate an emancipatory pedagogy because of oppressive systems of education. On the other hand, we cannot continue Freire's project without heeding the warnings issued by these criticisms. In this paper, we address pressing issues concerning Freire's libratory pedagogy and the way it has been taken up by recent Marxist theorizing in education while at the same time maintaining the importance for thinking through an emancipatory pedagogy. We are clear: the real culprit in this situation is the persistent life of oppression itself. We utilize psychoanalysis and the theories of Michel Foucault in order to pinpoint and work through a specific problematic concerning Freire's theories – namely: oppression has an existence in the unconscious such that those who are oppressed form passionate attachments to the forms of power that oppress them. Indeed, such a problematic is not flattering for all who are concerned with forms of social oppression, but, we contend, that unless this problem is recognized and worked through, no real liberation is possible
The Colors of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium in Simple Glasses

A study was made of the colors produced by platinum, palladium, and rhodium when they were introduced as their chlorides in alkali silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses. Yellow, pinkish-yellow, orange, and brown colors in addition to aventurines and grays were observed in the various glasses. Platinum exhibits an interesting behavior in phosphate glasses. Small additions of platinum chloride produce gray colors, whereas larger amounts produce yellow and orange colors. Nucleation by platinum crystals leading to devitrification was observed in some phosphate glasses.
A Scalable Probing-based Approach for Congestion Detection using Message Passing

In this paper we consider the theoretical and practical management resources needed to reliably localize congested nodes/links and propose a solution based on decoding linear error control codes. We define the scalability of measurement-based network monitoring and relate this to the problem decoding of linear error control codes on a binary symmetric channel. Our main goal is to minimize the number of probe packets required to fully identify congested nodes and our approach requires a number of measurements that grows linearly with respect to the network size, i.e. the approach is scalable. We provide fundamental limits on the relationship between the number of probe packets, size of the network and the ability to perfectly identify all congested nodes. To identify the congested nodes we construct a bipartite graph, and congestion is inferred using the message-passing algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the ability to perfectly locate congested nodes using this approach.
Distinct Mechanisms of Agonist-induced Endocytosis for Human Chemokine Receptors CCR5 and CXCR4

Desensitization of the chemokine receptors, a large class of G protein–coupled receptors, is mediated in part by agonist-driven receptor endocytosis. However, the exact pathways have not been fully defined. Here we demonstrate that the rate of ligand-induced endocytosis of CCR5 in leukocytes and expression systems is significantly slower than that of CXCR4 and requires prolonged agonist treatment, suggesting that these two receptors use distinct mechanisms. We show that the C-terminal domain of CCR5 is the determinant of its slow endocytosis phenotype. When the C-tail of CXCR4 was exchanged for that of CCR5, the resulting CXCR4-CCR5 (X4-R5) chimera displayed a CCR5-like trafficking phenotype. We found that the palmitoylated cysteine residues in this domain anchor CCR5 to plasma membrane rafts. CXCR4 and a C-terminally truncated CCR5 mutant (CCR5-KRFX) lacking these cysteines are not raft associated and are endocytosed by a clathrin-dependent pathway. Genetic inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis demonstrated that a significant fraction of ligand-occupied CCR5 trafficked by clathrin-independent routes into caveolin-containing vesicular structures. Thus, the palmitoylated C-tail of CCR5 is the major determinant of its raft association and endocytic itineraries, differentiating it from CXCR4 and other chemokine receptors. This novel feature of CCR5 may modulate its signaling potential and could explain its preferential use by HIV for person-to-person transmission of disease.
Methodological considerations for measuring rates of brain atrophy.

Purpose To systematically compare two techniques for measuring brain atrophy rates from serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Materials and Methods Using the separation in atrophy rate between cohorts of cognitively normal elderly subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the gold standard, we evaluated 1) different methods of computing volume change; 2) different methods for steps in image preprocessing—intensity normalization, alignment mask used, and bias field correction; 3) the effect of MRI acquisition hardware changes; and 4) the sensitivity of the method to variations in initial manual volume editing. For each of the preceding evaluations, measurements of whole-brain and ventricular atrophy rates were calculated. Results In general, greater separation between the clinical groups was seen with ventricular rather than whole-brain measures. Surprisingly, neither the use of bias field correction nor a major hardware change between the scan pairs affected group separation. Conclusion Atrophy rate measurements from serial MRI are candidates for use as surrogate markers of disease progression in AD and other dementing neurodegenerative disorders. The final method has excellent precision and accurately captures the expected biology of AD—arguably the two most important features if this technique is to be used as a biomarker of disease progression. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:16–24. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Erythrophagocytosis in Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: A Report of Twenty-five Cases

Blood smears of 27 cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn were studied intensively for erythrophagocytes. In 25 cases, the smears were positive for this phenomenon. In a control series of 30 normal newborn infants, these cells were not found. Prolonged search and optimum magnification of the smears were important factors in determining the presence or absence of erythrophagocytes in the cases under study. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For help and interest in this study, grateful acknowledgment is made to the late Dr. William A. Groat, to Dr. Tyree C. Wyatt, to Dr. Eugene L. Lozner and to the pediatric services of Crouse-Irving Hospital, Syracuse Memorial Hospital and The General Hospital of Syracuse. Special thanks are given to Viola Grant for technical assistance and to Stella Zimmer for the photomicrographs.
Foods of Bats (Family Vespertilionidae) at Five Locations in New Hampshire and Massachusetts

Diet and feeding relations of six species of bats at five locations in New Hampshire and Massachusetts were studied to improve understanding of foraging niche differentiation. Fecal samples were collected from 100 Big Brown Bats ( Eptesicus fuscus ), 154 Little Brown Myotis ( Myotis lucifugus ), 49 Northern Myotis ( M. septentrionalis ), 54 Eastern Small-footed Myotis ( M. leibii ), 9 Eastern Red Bats ( Lasiurus borealis ), and 1 Hoary Bat ( L. cinereus ) netted during non-hibernation periods from 2004 to 2008 at four locations in southern New Hampshire and one in north-central Massachusetts. Beetles (Order Coleoptera) were the major food of E. fuscus (mean percentage volume = 81.6%, 97% occurrence) followed by moths (Order Lepidoptera), with scarabaeid and carabid beetles the most abundant consumed families by volume and frequency. Moths were the most important item by volume and frequency preyed on by the remaining species ( M. lucifugus , mean percentage volume 30.7%, 82% occurrence; M. septentrionalis , mean percentage volume 42.7%, 82% occurrence; M. leibii , mean percentage volume 49.4%, 81% occurrence; L. borealis , mean percentage volume 62.8%, 100% occurrence; L. cinereus , mean percentage volume 82%, 100% occurrence). Little Brown Myotis consumed the largest variety of prey (40); Northern Myotis consumed the highest volume of spiders (8.1%). Community similarity index values indicated diets of the three species of Myotis were more similar to each other (similarity = 0.71) than to those of non-Myotis. The diet of E. fuscus was more similar to that of the Myotis cluster (0.58) than to either species of Lasiurus . Results suggest that, despite faunal differences between the U.S. Northeast and other parts of North America, foraging relationships among guild members follows a similar pattern.
Children’s Books 2015: Market Commodities or Meaningful Stories? A Writer’s Tale

Nicky Singer is an award winning author, dramatist and librettist. She has written four novels for adults, two works of non-fiction but, more recently, most of her books have been for young people.
Abstract 598: EMT and nectin-1 mediate sensitivity to HSV-1 oncolysis in human HCC cell lines

Background: Oncolytic viral therapy mediated by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is an emerging and promising cancer therapy. The entry of HSV-1 into cells is mediated in part by cell surface co-receptors. One of these co-receptors, nectin-1, is highly expressed in epithelial cells. Nectin-1 is localized to adherens junctions (AJs) where it interacts with E-cadherin through their respective peripheral membrane proteins, afadin and catenin. The loss of E-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and results in the disassembly of AJs. Here, we investigate the effects of EMT on cell surface nectin-1 expression, HSV infection and viral oncolysis. Methods: Western blot analysis was performed to determine E-cadherin expression in human HCC cell lines. Cytotoxicity to HSV-1 KOS strain was assessed by MTT analysis. KOS replication was assessed by a single-step burst assay, while viral infectivity was examined using the mutant bM24-BAC#3 virus which encodes GFP. Cell surface levels of nectin-1 and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) were determined by flow cytometry and the role of nectin-1 in HSV-1 infectivity was further assessed using a nectin-1 neutralizing antibody. Results: Four of the human HCC cell lines were epithelial and four were mesenchymal. KOS oncolysis resulted in 50% cell death in the epithelial cell lines at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) 2-3 log orders less than the mesenchymal HCC cell lines. This difference was not attributed to cell growth rates as determined by population doubling times or to viral replication as assessed by burst assay. Instead, the epithelial cell lines had higher rates of infectivity which were attributed to greater cell surface expression of nectin-1 and not HVEM. Finally, blocking of nectin-1 with a neutralizing antibody inhibited viral oncolysis in all four epithelial HCC cell lines. Conclusions: EMT in human HCC cells results in the loss of nectin-1 cell surface expression and resistance to HSV-1 oncolysis. E-cadherin and nectin-1 are markers of sensitivity to HSV-1 oncolysis in human HCC cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 598.
Pathophysiology of hereditary angioedema.

BackgroundLaryngeal angioedema may be associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. Because of the potential severity of attacks, both allergists and otolaryngologists must be knowledge...
Survey and Datasets of Nationwide Public Transportation Planning Basic Data in U.S.

The primary task of this paper is to study on America's experience in transportation planning survey and associated dataset design since the large-scale urban transportation planning activities took place in 1950s and to explore its implications to China. Focusing on National Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) and National Household Transportation Survey (NHTS), this paper would study on the historical evolution, goals of datasets, entity-in-charge, financial sources, etc. of the nationwide public basic transportation planning datasets in U.S. Following this, an overall evaluation of U.S.'s experience in nationwide public basic transportation planning datasets has been given and some comparison of related works between U.S. and China has been made. The author finds that cost-benefit assessment, finance, legislation, openness, etc. are all factors that will affect the nationwide transportation planning survey and associated dataset design. Finally, some specific recommendations to China have been offered.
Power Shifts: From League to Union

The great divide between league and union was often presented as a simplistic dichotomy of professionalism versus amateurism. This suited accounts that encompassed derogative descriptors of league and was applied in countries such as Wales and Australia to help explain periods of poor performances for the national XVs when they had lost many of their best players to the thirteen-man code. Yet in reality the differences and the divide were never as simple as this. As Tony Collins (1998, 2006) has detailed, many league players were given jobs by their clubs and had to supplement their income from the game with outside work. Few could earn enough just from the sport itself. Conversely, despite an expressed ideology of ‘amateurism’, a number of union players had always been well rewarded for their exploits on the field in the fifteen-man game. The Australian winger David Campese spent his winters playing for the Milan club in Italy long before the game went openly professional. In addition to his outstanding skills and outspoken personality, Campese was known for claiming to be the first millionaire rugby union player! Commentators had noted years before that his winters spent in Milan were not because of his love of spaghetti. There are numerous other cases of southern hemisphere players ‘wintering’ in Italy.
Quaternary Vegetation Changes in the Bonneville Basin

Abstract Lake history and vegetation history complement each other in identifying key climate drivers of these interacting systems; for that reason comparing the two histories in the Bonneville basin has long held considerable research interest. Vegetation and constituent taxa respond to fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, seasonality, and other factors in a complex and mutually interactive interplay. Further complicating the interpretation of past vegetation patterns in relation to climatic factors are elements of considerable local climatic heterogeneity, differences in responses and spatiotemporal averaging of different proxy paleovegetation data sources, and chronometric uncertainties. Given these potential pitfalls, the fact that paleolake history–vegetation history comparisons work as well as they do is rather remarkable. Accommodating for complicating factors, long-term vegetation and hydrologic histories line up quite well through much of the Quaternary, and during the last glacial cycle in particular, on both orbital and millennial scales of climatic flux.
Building on bibliography: Toward useful categorization of research in rhetorics of health and medicine

This article reports on an analysis of research questions in the emerging field of Rhetoric of Health and Medicine (RHM). The data set included 54 articles, published in 4 journals between the year...
Correlation of Head Impacts to Change in Balance Error Scoring System Scores in Division I Men's Lacrosse Players.

Background:Investigation into the effect of cumulative subconcussive head impacts has yielded various results in the literature, with many supporting a link to neurological deficits. Little researc...
Phase transformation mechanism in lithium manganese nickel oxide revealed by single-crystal hard X-ray microscopy

Understanding the reaction pathway and kinetics of solid-state phase transformation is critical in designing advanced electrode materials with better performance and stability. Despite the first-order phase transition with a large lattice mismatch between the involved phases, spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 is capable of fast rate even at large particle size, presenting an enigma yet to be understood. The present study uses advanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional nano-tomography on a series of well-formed LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (0≤x≤1) crystals to visualize the mesoscale phase distribution, as a function of Li content at the sub-particle level. Inhomogeneity along with the coexistence of Li-rich and Li-poor phases are broadly observed on partially delithiated crystals, providing direct evidence for a concurrent nucleation and growth process instead of a shrinking-core or a particle-by-particle process. Superior kinetics of (100) facets at the vertices of truncated octahedral particles promote preferential delithiation, whereas the observation of strain-induced cracking suggests mechanical degradation in the material.
Vaginal Migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak as a Complication of Hysterectomy.

Background Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is a common neurosurgical procedure to treat hydrocephalus that diverts cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles to the peritoneal cavity for reabsorption. The distal catheter may potentially migrate through any potential or iatrogenic opening in the peritoneal cavity. Increasingly successfully management of childhood hydrocephalus and adult-onset conditions leading to hydrocephalus, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, is leading many adult female patients harboring VP shunts needing to undergo hysterectomy. Hysterectomy creates a potential defect though which a VP shunt catheter may migrate. It is not known whether the hysterectomy cuff closure technique may affect the likelihood of distal catheter migration though the repair site. Case Description We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with a VP shunt who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy via an open vaginal cuff technique who subsequently presented with vaginal cerebrospinal fluid leakage secondary to migration of the distal shunt catheter through the hysterectomy cuff. Conclusions Vaginal migration of the distal VP shunt catheter is a possible complication of hysterectomy. The authors postulate that an open cuff hysterectomy closure technique may increase the risk of catheter migration, an issue that may be better understood with further investigation.
Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

Abstract. Fires represent an air quality challenge because they are large, dynamic and transient sources of particulate matter and ozone precursors. Transported smoke can deteriorate air quality over large regions. Fire severity and frequency are likely to increase in the future, exacerbating an existing problem. Using the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke data for North America for the period 2007 to 2014, we examine a subset of fires that are confirmed to have produced sufficient smoke to warrant the initiation of a U.S. National Weather Service smoke forecast. We find that gridded HMS-analyzed fires are well correlated ( r= 0.84) with emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Inventory Database 4s (GFED4s). We define a new metric, smoke hours, by linking observed smoke plumes to active fires using ensembles of forward trajectories. This work shows that the Southwest, Northwest, and Northwest Territories initiate the most air quality forecasts and produce more smoke than any other North American region by measure of the number of HYSPLIT points analyzed, the duration of those HYSPLIT points, and the total number of smoke hours produced. The average number of days with smoke plumes overhead is largest over the north-central United States. Only Alaska, the Northwest, the Southwest, and Southeast United States regions produce the majority of smoke plumes observed over their own borders. This work moves a new dataset from a daily operational setting to a research context, and it demonstrates how changes to the frequency or intensity of fires in the western United States could impact other regions.
The power of great expectations.

I want to extend my sincere thanks to the past recipients of the Harvey A. K. Whitney Award for selecting me as the 2017 recipient. I am extremely honored and humbled to receive this award. One does not stand before you tonight without the benefit of more than a little luck along the way. I have
Abstract 213: Evolving Challenges in Promoting Stem Cell Based Cardiovascular Repair and Regeneration

Introduction: Use of adult stem cells in the stimulation of mammalian cardiac muscle regeneration is in its infancy, and to date, it has been difficult to determine the efficacy of the procedures that have been employed. The outstanding question remains whether stem cells derived from the bone-marrow or some other location within or outside of the heart can populate a region of myocardial damage and transform into tissue-specific cells, and also exhibit functional synchronization. As a result, this necessitates the development of an appropriate in vitro three-dimensional (3-D) model of cardiomyogenesis and prompts the development of a 3-D cardiac muscle construct for tissue engineering purposes, especially using the adult stem cells. Hypothesis: Functioning vascularized cardiac tissue can be generated by the interaction of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived embryonic cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-ECMs) and human multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on a 3-D prevascularized collagen cell carrier (CCC) scaffold. Methods and Results: In order to achieve the above aim, we have developed an in vitro 3-D functioning vascularized cardiac muscle construct using hiPSC-ECMs and hMSCs. First, to generate the prevascularized scaffold, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and hMSCs were co-cultured on 3-D CCCs for 7 days under vasculogenic culture conditions, hCMVECs/hMSCs underwent maturation, differentiation, and morphogenesis characteristic of micro vessels, and formed extensive plexuses of vascular networks. Next, the hiPSC-ECMs and hMSCs were co-cultured onto this generated prevascularized CCCs for further 7 or 14 days in myogenic culture conditions. Finally, the vascular and cardiac phenotypic inductions were analyzed at the morphological, immunological, biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. Expression and functional analyses of the differentiated cells revealed dramatic neo-angiogenesis and neo-cardiomyogenesis. Conclusions: Thus, our unique 3-D co-culture system provided us the apt in vitro functioning prevascularized 3-D cardiac patch that can be utilized for cellular cardiomyoplasty.
Binge-watching motivates change: Uses and gratifications of streaming video viewers challenge traditional TV research

In this article, we explore how binge-watching culture and technology are changing the ways viewers understand and interact with television. We propose that the motives and rituals of binge-viewers...