cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anoxic oxidation of chromium

Naturally occurring Cr(VI) has been ascribed to terrestrial Cr(III) oxidation by Mn (di)oxides, generated through reaction of Mn(II) with molecular oxygen (O 2 ). However, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a potential oxidant of Cr(III) that may form in serpentinization (high H 2 , low O 2 ) systems where chromite [i.e., the main mineralogical source of Cr(III)] is abundant. Accordingly, here we evaluate H 2 O 2 and chromite interactions in serpentinization systems to determine pathways of Cr(III) oxidation that alters the current paradigm of O 2 -dependent oxidation. Field observations support that metastable H 2 O 2 and Cr(VI) are present in serpentinization-related fluids relatively absent of O 2 . Further, laboratory experiments demonstrate and support that H 2 O 2 is a kinetically facile oxidant of chromite, especially under alkaline conditions, which provides a variety of alternative means by which Cr(VI) may be generated and supplied to the oceans not directly linked to atmospheric O 2 . Thus, Cr(III) oxidation pathways, and their influence on the Cr isotopic record, must account for anoxic Cr(III) oxidation in serpentinization systems as well as a variety of H 2 O 2 -induced Cr(III) oxidation pathways that may occur in both terrestrial and marine systems.
Behavioral Business Ethics: Shaping an Emerging Field, edited by David De Cremer and Ann E. Tenbrunsel (New York: Routledge, 2012). Hardcover, 280 pp., $72. ISBN-10: 041587324X; ISBN-13: 978-0415873246

The article reviews the book "Behavioral Business Ethics: Shaping an Emerging Field," edited by David De Cremer and Ann E. Tenbrunsel.
Development of a Multispecies Identification Field Test by Modified Agar-Gel Immunodiffusion

A multispecies identification field test (MULTI-SIFT) was developed for detection of beef, poultry, pork, sheep, horse, and deer in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of single species. MULTI-SIFT was demonstrated to be specific, relatively sensitive, and accurate in the complete speciation of 100 meat samples.
A charge-density-wave oscillator based on an integrated tantalum disulfide–boron nitride–graphene device operating at room temperature

A graphene transistor integrated on-chip on a hexagonal boron nitride-capped TaS2 layer provides a voltage-tunable, low-resistance load for controlling a TaS2 metal–insulator transition, enabling a compact voltage-controlled oscillator operating at room temperature. The charge-density-wave (CDW) phase is a macroscopic quantum state consisting of a periodic modulation of the electronic charge density accompanied by a periodic distortion of the atomic lattice in quasi-1D or layered 2D metallic crystals1,2,3,4. Several layered transition metal dichalcogenides, including 1T-TaSe2, 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TiSe2 exhibit unusually high transition temperatures to different CDW symmetry-reducing phases1,5,6. These transitions can be affected by the environmental conditions, film thickness and applied electric bias1. However, device applications of these intriguing systems at room temperature or their integration with other 2D materials have not been explored. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature current switching driven by a voltage-controlled phase transition between CDW states in films of 1T-TaS2 less than 10 nm thick. We exploit the transition between the nearly commensurate and the incommensurate CDW phases, which has a transition temperature of 350 K and gives an abrupt change in current accompanied by hysteresis. An integrated graphene transistor provides a voltage-tunable, matched, low-resistance load enabling precise voltage control of the circuit. The 1T-TaS2 film is capped with hexagonal boron nitride to provide protection from oxidation. The integration of these three disparate 2D materials in a way that exploits the unique properties of each yields a simple, miniaturized, voltage-controlled oscillator suitable for a variety of practical applications.
The effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on lymphocyte populations in children with Kawasaki syndrome.

High dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is extremely effective therapy for Kawasaki syndrome (KS), but the mechanism of action remains unknown. The present study was performed to determine the effect of IVIG on lymphocyte populations and lymphocyte activation markers in 15 children with KS. Following IVIG, there was a decrease in the percentage of CD19 cells and an increase in the percentage of CD8 cells, but there was no change in the proportion of CD3 or CD4 cells. Moreover, there was no change in the percentage of activated CD4 or CD8 cells, as measured by HLA DR and interleukin-2 receptor expression after IVIG therapy
Stellate Cells in Hepatic Immunological Tolerance

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are strategically located to interact with hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial and Kupffer cells, and hepatic resident and migratory cells of the immune system. Compelling evidence in recent years has demonstrated that HSCs recruit inflammatory and immune cells by producing specific cytokines and chemokines. Upon activation or appropriate stimulation, HSCs express or upregulate MHC class I and II and co-regulatory B7 family molecules (e.g., CD80, CD86, and B7-H1), but suppress activation/proliferation of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and cause their apoptosis. Paradoxically, HSCs induce expansion of regulatory CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells (Tregs). Whereas HSC-expanded Tregs acquire greater immunosuppressive potential, HSC-modulated dendritic cells become poor stimulators of T-cell activation. These characteristics of HSCs are likely critical in the liver’s inherent tolerogenicity and potentially important in liver allograft tolerance. On the other hand, HSCs can present bacterial lipid antigens to natural killer T cells and play an important role in limiting bacterial infection.
Factors that influence the uptake and turnover of glucocerebrosidase and alpha-galactosidase in mammalian liver.

Recent studies have revealed the potential therapeutic effectiveness of highly purified human glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher’s disease and α-galactosidase in Fabry’s disease (1–3). The rationale underlying these investigations was that supplementation of the specific enzyme deficiencies that occur in such genetic lysosomal storage disorders might reverse the accumulation of toxic metabolites. The initial studies indicate that infusion of the requisite enzyme specifically reduced the elevated level of these respective glycolipidsin the circulation and/or tissue in these disorders. In order to extend these investigations profitably, it was important to obtain detailed information concerning the behavior of the infused enzymes in vivo. In the present investigation, we examined the hepatic uptake and turnover of glucocerebrosidase and α-galactosidase in monkeys and rats. We have discovered several important factors that significantly influence these processes. These observations and the notable differences in the metabolism of the two enzymes are described in this report.
Management of Eyelid Lentigo Maligna

Eyelid melanoma accounts for 1 % of cutaneous melanoma and malignant lesions of the eyelid. Lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) have been reported in higher frequency in the periocular area compared to other parts on the body. LM is a slowly progressive irregular pigmentation of the skin confined to the epidermis, found in areas of solar damaged skin, and more commonly in fair skinned, older individuals. Delay in diagnosis is not uncommon because these changes can be subtle and biopsy in this anatomically sensitive area is often perceived to be complex. LM/LMM of the eyelid and periocular area show no significant difference in their behavior and prognosis compared to similar lesions in the head and neck area. In this chapter we will discuss the management and special considerations associated with the treatment of lentigo maligna in the periocular area.
A water risk index for portfolio exposure to climatic extremes: conceptualization and an application to the mining industry

Abstract. Corporations, industries and non-governmental organizations have become increasingly concerned with growing water risks in many parts of the world. Most of the focus has been on water scarcity and competition for the resource between agriculture, urban users, ecology and industry. However, water risks are multi-dimensional. Water-related hazards include flooding due to extreme rainfall, persistent drought and pollution, either due to industrial operations themselves, or to the failure of infrastructure. Most companies have risk management plans at each operational location to address these risks to a certain design level. The residual risk may or may not be managed, and is typically not quantified at a portfolio scale, i.e. across many sites. Given that climate is the driver of many of these extreme events, and there is evidence of quasi-periodic climate regimes at inter-annual and decadal timescales, it is possible that a portfolio is subject to persistent, multi-year exceedances of the design level. In other words, for a multi-national corporation, it is possible that there is correlation in the climate-induced portfolio water risk across its operational sites as multiple sites may experience a hazard beyond the design level in a given year. Therefore, from an investor's perspective, a need exists for a water risk index that allows for an exploration of the possible space and/or time clustering in exposure across many sites contained in a portfolio. This paper represents a first attempt to develop an index for financial exposure of a geographically diversified, global portfolio to the time-varying risk of climatic extremes using long daily global rainfall datasets derived from climate re-analysis models. Focusing on extreme daily rainfall amounts and using examples from major mining companies, we illustrate how the index can be developed. We discuss how companies can use it to explore their corporate exposure, and what they may need to disclose to investors and regulators to promote transparency as to risk exposure and mitigation efforts. For the examples of mining companies provided, we note that the actual exposure is substantially higher than would be expected in the absence of space and time correlation of risk as is usually tacitly assumed. We also find evidence for the increasing exposure to climate-induced risk, and for decadal variability in exposure. The relative vulnerability of different portfolios to multiple extreme events in a given year is also demonstrated.
College and Community Partnerships: The Development of an Entrepreneurial Program to Support Economic Development

SUNY Cortland and key stakeholders in the Cortland community have developed relationships and leveraged their resources to proactively pursue economic development activity through the creation of an entrepreneurship program. The goal of the college/community partnership is to utilize the expertise in the business community to help foster new business generation from SUNY Cortland students. Additionally, the small businesses would receive help from SUNY Cortland students through internships, conducting business research and providing other services that the business may not have capacity to provide for themselves.
Using eCoaching to Improve Practice of Novice Teacher Educators

Coaching is becoming a more widely-accepted model of support for both preservice and inservice P-12 teachers. With the use of technology such as Bluetooth headsets and live streaming, coaching has become less intrusive and more “in the moment.” In this case study, we describe the use of an e Coaching process for two PhD students who taught courses in a teacher preparation program of a higher education institution. The four-step process included (a) observing the PhD students teach, (b) collaboratively developing instructional goals with the coach, (c) providing performance feedback while coaching, and (d) reflecting on the process with the two PhD students who were teaching undergraduate courses. Findings indicate that e Coaching was well received and provided multiple opportunities for both PhD students and their coach to reflect on instruction as well as the e Coaching process. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Expanding Our Understanding of Family Therapy in Residential Treatment

Residential treatment remains a necessary and effective service for helping adolescents with severe emotional and behavioral issues and for the benefit of their families. One of the major challenges consistently debated in the literature is whether or not youth are able to maintain treatment gains once they return to their home and community environments. Therefore, it makes sense that engaging the family in the adolescent’s treatment and drawing on their strengths and resources is crucial. This book sought to emphasize how family-oriented approaches and techniques can be used to engage adolescents and their families, as well as address many of the inherent challenges associated with treating youth in this setting. This chapter serves as the epilogue to the book and provides an examination of the contents of this book as they relate to the objectives of the authors and highlights the continued need to strengthen the place of family therapy in residential treatment.
Multiple phase transitions in an agent-based evolutionary model with neutral fitness

Null models are crucial for understanding evolutionary processes such as speciation and adaptive radiation. We analyse an agent-based null model, considering a case without selection—neutral evolut...
A novel contact field plate application in drain-extended-MOSFET transistors

A new kind of field plate as contact field plate is fabricated for hot carrier injection improvement, significant decrease in the specified on resistance degradation is observed without substantially affecting the breakdown voltage of devices. Charge pumping method and simulation are carried out to study the degradation mechanism. Our results clearly show that the application of contact field plate can improve the device robustness in terms of hot carrier injection.
Estimation and Uncertainty of Recent Carbon Accumulation and Vertical Accretion in Drained and Undrained Forested Peatlands of the Southeastern USA

The purpose of this study was to determine how drainage impacts carbon densities and recent rates (past 50 years) of vertical accretion and carbon accumulation in southeastern forested peatlands. We compared these parameters in drained maple-gum (MAPL), Atlantic white cedar (CDR), and pocosin (POC) communities in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDS) of Virginia/North Carolina and in an intact (undrained) CDR swamp in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge (AR) of North Carolina. Peat cores were analyzed for bulk density, percent organic carbon, and 137Cs and 210Pb. An uncertainty analysis of both 137Cs and 210Pb approaches was used to constrain error at least partially related to mobility of both radioisotopes. GDS peats had lower porosities (89.6% (SD = 1.71) versus 95.3% (0.18)) and higher carbon densities (0.082 (0.021) versus 0.037 (0.009) g C cm−3) than AR. Vertical accretion rates (0.10–0.56 cm yr−1) were used to estimate a time period of ~84–362 years for reestablishment of peat lost during the 2011 Lateral West fire at the GDS. Carbon accumulation rates ranged from 51 to 389 g C m−2 yr−1 for all sites. In the drained (GDS) versus intact (AR) CDR sites, carbon accumulation rates were similar with 137Cs (87GDS versus 92AR g C m−2 yr−1) and somewhat less at the GDS than AR as determined with 210Pb (111GDS versus 159AR g C m−2 yr−1). Heightened productivity and high polyphenol content of peat may be responsible for similar rates of carbon accumulation in both drained and intact CDR peatlands.
Ultra‐low Mass Sputtered and Conventional Catalyst Layers on Plasma‐etched Nafion for PEMFC Applications

This paper presents performance results for the use of plasma-etched Nafion membranes to suppress polarization losses in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) configured from 0.1 mg cm−2 conventional Pt/C dispersion and 0.02 mg cm−2 ultra-thin sputter-deposited Pt catalyst layers. Four MEA configurations, namely, etched membrane-conventional electrode, pristine membrane-conventional electrode, etched membrane-sputter electrode, and pristine membrane-sputter electrode cells were explored, and their respective maximum power densities were ∼514.6, 417.9, 170.1 and 138.3 mW cm−2. The results demonstrated that independent of MEA fabrication approach, cells with O2 plasma treated membranes had reduced ohmic resistances and delivered superior performance over their pristine counterparts, validating the utility of membrane etching for achieving improved PEMFC performance.
Agroecological farming practices promote bats

Abstract Intensive agriculture is a major driver of biodiversity loss, and a critical part of creating sustainable food systems is finding ways to balance production and conservation. While practices characteristic of agricultural intensification tend to erode biodiversity, agroecological farming practices can potentially support biodiversity and enhance pest suppression services. Bats are important predators of agricultural pests, yet little is known about how prescriptive management practices can be used to support bats and their associated pest-suppression services. We investigate how bats use natural habitat and conventional and organic farms in an agricultural landscape, ask which on-farm management practices may benefit bats, and examine how these management practices influence bats by mediating changes in habitat quality. We conducted acoustic surveys at 54 sites in the California Central Coast Region, a productive region with high ecological and economic value. We found higher bat activity in natural habitat compared to farms for total bat activity and clutter-adapted, but not open space bats, and slightly higher bat diversity in natural habitat compared to conventional farms. We found no effect of habitat type on species richness and a weak effect of habitat type on bat diversity, although bat community composition differed significantly between natural habitat and farms. Crop diversification increased the activity of all bat species and clutter-adapted, but not open space bats, regardless of the amount of semi-natural habitat surrounding farms. Both crop diversification and less frequent pesticide applications increased prey biomass, and the activity of clutter-adapted bats was positively correlated with greater Lepidoptera biomass. We suggest that improving habitat quality (increasing abundance of insect prey) through vegetative diversification and/or less frequent pesticide applications offers flexible management options to growers by considering both bat ecology and the constraints of regional agricultural management practices.
Systems and Systems Analysis Methods and Applications

A system can be defined as a set of components (subsystems, units), which when coupled together form a functional whole. This definition suggests three major themes to the study of systems: (1) identifying the subunits of the total system, (2) identifying the structural connections of subunits, and (3) assessing the properties that emerge when this collection of components are coupled together into a specific dynamic structure and allowed to change over time.
Altered Androgen Metabolism in Metastatic Prostate Cancer

AbstractAdmixture of androgen-sensitive elements from normal or hyperplastic prostatic tissue interferes with biochemical studies of prostate cancer in its primary site. Heterogeneity of cancer tissues, varying in stromal and epithelial elements, also complicates interpretation of data relating to androgen metabolism. Accordingly, we have compared metastatic deposits composed of epithelial cancer cells to the primary biopsies of 4 patients in respect to uptake of 3H-testosterone and its conversion to 5-α-dihydrotestosterone during in vitro incubation. 3H-testosterone uptake was similar for both tissue sites but 3H-dihydrotestosterone formation was reduced by 76 per cent in the metastases compared to primary tissues. This group was not large enough to show statistical significance, whereas a total of 11 such primary studies compared to 6 metastatic specimens was significant. When either primary or secondary tissue results were compared to 12 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia similarly studied the diffe...
Breathing new life into West Nile virus therapeutics; discovery and study of zafirlukast as an NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor

Abstract The West Nile virus (WNV) has spread throughout the world causing neuroinvasive diseases with no treatments available. The viral NS2B-NS3 protease is essential for WNV survival and replication in host cells and is a promising drug target. Through an enzymatic screen of the National Institute of Health clinical compound library, we report the discovery of zafirlukast, an FDA approved treatment for asthma, as an inhibitor for the WNV NS2B-NS3 protease. Zafirlukast was determined to inhibit the protease through a mixed mode mechanism with an IC50 value of 32 μM. A structure activity relationship study of zafirlukast revealed the cyclopentyl carbamate and N-aryl sulfonamide as structural elements crucial for NS2B-NS3 protease inhibition. Replacing the cyclopentyl with a phenyl improved inhibition, resulting in an IC50 of 22 μM. Experimental and computational docking analysis support the inhibition model of zafirlukast and analogs binding at an allosteric site on the NS3 protein, thereby disrupting the NS2B cofactor from binding, resulting in protease inhibition.
Clinical, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis study of local foot-and-mouth disease virus in Al-Qadisiyah province of Iraq.

Aim This study was directed during an outbreak of suspected foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq 2016. The disease has made a huge economic loss in livestock. It was suspected that the vaccination has failed to protect the animals from the infection because of the difference in the strains. Consequently, we designed the study to make the diagnosis and detect the strain of the causative virus. Materials and Methods The extraction of the DNA was done on 73 samples and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used in the detection of FMD virus (FMDV) for primary diagnosis, and serotype-specific diagnosis was done with universal primer sets 1F/1R, A-1C612, and O-ARS4 with the expected band of 329, 865, and 1301 bp, respectively. Results Universal primer pair 1F/1R detected FMD in 55 of 73 (75.3%); of these, 37 (67.3%) were females and 18 (32.7%) were males, with high significance (p<0.01) between males and females in the PCR positivity ratio. The tested samples with positive universal primer were amplified with specific primers A-IC612 with no reaction for serotype O-ARS4. Conclusion The products of RT-PCR were sent for RNA sequencing, and the results were 100% positive to serotype A which means that it is the predominant type in Iraq. It may help in the importing or production of the vaccine to make a preventive plan for the disease. The virus of FMD is contagious and dangerous due to its role in the huge economic loses. The detection of this virus is widely explained in lots of articles, but it is more specific and sensitive in RT-PCR and sequencing. Consequently, the authorities responsible for importing and/or production vaccines have to avoid the importing of other serotypes because it will be losing money and more outbreaks will explode.
Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Military Families: Improving Relationships

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have been fought for more than a decade. During this time, approximately two million children have been impacted by parental deployment(s). The majority of these children are under 8 years of age. Stressors are present during all phases of deployment, with effects seen in all members of the family. Young children often display more challenging behaviors across multiple settings. When parents return home, reconnecting with their children may be difficult and stress in the marital relationship is common. An increase in child maltreatment has been reported in military families. Many of the challenges facing military families are similar to those successfully addressed in civilian families with parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT). The adaptation of PCIT for military families includes a review of the literature related to families with young children coping with deployment, PCIT Teach sessions, which incorporate military examples and experiences, and coaching with statements and relevance to military families. This PCIT adaptation is being implemented successfully on several bases in the United States.
The Common Law Inside the Female Body

In The Common Law Inside the Female Body, Anita Bernstein explains why lawyers seeking gender progress from primary legal materials should start with the common law. Despite its reputation for supporting conservatism and inequality, today's common law shares important commitments with feminism, namely in precepts and doctrines that strengthen the freedom of individuals and from there the struggle against the subjugation of women. By re-invigorating both the common law - with a focus on crimes, contracts, torts, and property - and feminist jurisprudence, this highly original work anticipates a vital future for a pair of venerable jurisprudential traditions. It should be read by anyone interested in understanding how the common law delivers an extraordinary degree of liberty and security to all persons - women included.
Dial-Up Use of Electronic Databases by Community College Students.

During the Spring 1997 semester, students at Glendale Community College in Glendale, Arizona were surveyed on their use of dial-up access to electronic databases provided by libraries. In addition, the community college and public libraries in Maricopa County were surveyed to determine which electronic databases they provide by dial-up access. Comparison between these two forms of data collection revealed that a rich variety of electronic databases are available to community college students. Many of the students have the equipment required to take advantages of these resources, combined with a desire to use these resources to increase the flexibility of their options for performing research. The greatest barrier to use was a lack of realization that such resources were available. Community college libraries should advertise access information to make students aware of these options. Appendices include the library, database, and student surveys, and numbers for dial-up access to libraries in Maricopa County. (Author/AEF) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** DIAL-UP USE OF ELECTRONIC DATABASES BY COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS
Examining Political Trustworthiness through Text-Based Measures of Ideology.

This work shows the value of word-level statistical data from the US Congressional Record for studying the ideological positions and dynamic behavior of senators. Using classification techniques from machine learning, we predict senators’ party with near-perfect accuracy. We also develop text-based ideology scores to embed a politician’s ideological position in a one-dimensional policy space. Using these scores, we find that speech that diverges from voting positions may result in higher vote totals. To explain this behavior, we show that politicians use speech to move closer to their party’s average position. These results not only provide empirical support for political economy models of commitment, but also add to the growing literature of machine-learning-based text analysis in social science contexts.
Heart Failure Guidelines are Evidence-Based, but are They Patient-Centered?

Introduction To apply evidence-based medicine (EBM) to individual patients and implement shared decision-making, it is necessary for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to incorporate performance metrics for diagnostic studies and therapeutic interventions, as well as relevant patient contexts. This is especially important in heart failure (HF), which is a highly heterogeneous population with a high prevalence of multimorbidity, and impairments in other domains (e.g. function and cognition) that can significantly impact the value of diagnostic studies and therapeutic interventions. We sought to determine the extent to which performance metrics and patient context are incorporated into major HF CPGs. Methods We reviewed the main and supplementary documents of 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association (ACCF/AHA) CPG, 2017 ACCF/AHA/HFSA update, and 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) CPG. We assessed the following domains from each recommendation: performance metrics including sensitivity/specificity, positive/negative predictive value, number needed to treat, absolute benefit/harm, and time horizon to benefit; and patient context, including comorbidity, socio-personal milieu, personal preferences, and life expectancy. Results We examined 169 recommendations from the 2013 ACCF/AHA CPG and 2017 update, and 187 recommendations from the 2016 ESC CPG. Performance metrics for diagnostic studies were rarely included; metrics for therapeutic interventions were included to a varying degree depending on the CPG (Figure). Sensitivity/specificity, time horizon to benefit, and absolute benefits were mentioned in 7%, 13%, and 30% of all recommendations, respectively. Patient context was included in over 60% of ACCF/AHA/HFSA CPG recommendations but only included in 25% of the ESC CPG recommendations (Figure). Conclusion The majority of recommendations from HF CPGs lack granular information on diagnostic and therapeutic performance metrics. Contextual patient factors are also inconsistently included. These findings indicate that while HF CPGs may be evidence-based, they are not yet patient-centered. Given their importance to effectively implement EBM and shared decision-making among the complex and heterogeneous HF population, future CPGs should explicitly incorporate these aspects.
Optimal Use of Verbal Instructions for Multi-robot Human Navigation Guidance

Efficiently guiding humans in indoor environments is a challenging open problem. Due to recent advances in mobile robotics and natural language processing, it has recently become possible to consider doing so with the help of mobile, verbally communicating robots. In the past, stationary verbal robots have been used for this purpose at Microsoft Research, and mobile non-verbal robots have been used at UT Austin in their multi-robot human guidance system. This paper extends that mobile multi-robot human guidance research by adding the element of natural language instructions, which are dynamically generated based on the robots’ path planner, and by implementing and testing the system on real robots.
Learning Styles Assessment Modalities Preferences Diagnostics (Lamp-D): A Framework Of Accounting Students’ Preferred Learning Styles And Course Learning Assessments

This study outlines students’ perceptions of their cognitive learning mode relative to assessment methods and class activities to support meaning-making in accounting. It builds on Barsch’s (1996) learning styles inventory, on Grasha-Riechmann’s (Riechmann & Grasha, 1974) learning style scale, and Kolb’s (1984, 1985) learning modalities. The study yielded some important results: (1) A Learning Styles Assessment Modalities Preferences Diagnostics (LAMP-D), created to determine learning modalities and preferred assessments; (2) Accounting students have similar learning aptitudes within various learning modalities and contexts, which correlate positively or negatively with different assessments; (3) Regardless of preferred learning styles, students’ assessment preferences correlate positively to individual case study, and negatively to multiple-choice assessments; (4) As Faculty understand how accounting students learn, they should make flexible, proactive decisions about teaching methods, modalities and contexts. They should simultaneously reduce their reliance on ineffective techniques such as objective or passive assessments. Moreover, routine, traditional, or mundane assignment modalities and contexts, such as multiple-choice exams may not be the most effective techniques.
Nicotinic acid transport into human liver involves organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7)

Abstract Nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM) are biosynthetic precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) – a physiologically important coenzyme that maintains the redox state of cells. Mechanisms driving their entry into cells are not well understood. Here we evaluated the hepatic uptake mechanism(s) of NA and NAM using transporter-transfected cell systems and primary human hepatocytes. NA showed robust organic anion transporter (OAT)2-mediated transport with an uptake ratio (i.e., ratio of accumulation in transfect cells to wild-type cells) of 9.7 ± 0.3, and a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 13.5 ± 3.3 µM. However, no transport was apparent via other major hepatic uptake and renal secretory transporters, including OAT1/3/4, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1/1B3/2B1, sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide, organ cation transporter 1/2/3. OAT2-specific transport of NA was inhibited by ketoprofen and indomethacin (known OAT2 inhibitors) in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, NA uptake into primary human hepatocytes showed pH- and concentration-dependence and was subject to inhibition by specific OAT2 inhibitors. Unlike NA, NAM was not transported by the hepatic and renal solute carriers upon assessment in transfected cells, although its uptake into human hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by excess unlabelled NAM and a pan-SLC inhibitor (rifamycin SV 1 mM). In conclusion, these studies demonstrate, for the first time, a specific transport mechanism for NA uptake in the human liver and suggest that OAT2 (SLC22A7) has a critical role in its physiological and pharmacological functions.
Electrodeposition of Zinc in Aqueous Electrolytes Containing High Molecular Weight Polymers

Strong polarization of the ion distribution in liquid electrolytes subjected to potential differences exceeding the thermal voltage, VT = kT/e, produces a hydrodynamic instability termed electrocon...
Beyond Dyads and Triads: A Comparison of Tetrads in Twenty Social Networks:

Social psychologists focus on the microlevel features that define interaction, often attending to dyads and triads. We argue that there also is utility in studying how configurations of four actors...
Crazy-paving as a radiological finding of COVID-19 infection

Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared in December of 2019 resulting in a world-wide pandemic, science has been trying to keep up with how to accurately identify symptoms, diagnose, and treat the novel infection. It was evident that infection resulted in upper respiratory tract symptoms, with the lungs being most commonly affected1. Clinicians have been scrambling to identify radiographic findings that could predict infection with the virus. Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the chest has become the modality of choice. Ground glass opacities (GGO) are identified in a large majority of cases but other radiographic changes such as laterality, consolidation, lobe involvement, and vascular abnormalities also give signal to COVID-19. In this case, COVID-19 resulted in a crazy-paving pattern which has only been found in 34.9% of COVID-19 patients2. Introduction: More than 70% of COVID patients have CT abnormalities that include GGO, vascular enlargement, bilateral abnormalities, lower lobe involvement, and posterior predilection. We present a case of a linear pattern superimposed on a background of GGO resembling irregularly shaped paving stones, “crazy paving”. Case presentation: A 92 year old female with a past medical history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, reflux, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura presented to the emergency department with cough, nausea and fatigue for two days. She was afebrile and exam revealed new onset atrial fibrillation. Laboratory studies showed thrombocytopenia of 62 k/mcL, elevated lactate dehydrogenase of 443 U/L, and elevated CRP of 7.4 mg/dL. Chest radiography showed a questionable opacity in the right upper lobe concerning for pneumonia. Rapid antigen testing for Sars-CoV-2 returned positive. She developed progressively worsening hypoxemia and dyspnea prompting a chest CT scan that was negative for pulmonary embolism, but GGO were noted in the right upper and lower lobes with a crazy-paving appearance. Remdesivir, dexamethasone, and convalescent plasma was administered. She improved and was discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Discussion: Crazypaving can be seen in many conditions - most commonly pulmonary edema, infection, hemorrhage, acute interstitial pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, radiation pneumonitis and eosinophilic pneumonia3. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses found crazy-paving in 34.9% of CT scans of the chest in patients with COVID-192. This case highlights crazy-paving as a radiographic finding on CT scan of the chest. Conclusion: It is evident that as more data accumulates about radiographic findings and treatment of COVID-19, that COVID- 19 does not have pathognomonic radiological findings.
Education following pediatric gastrostomy tube placement: An integrative review.

Abstract Background There is a gap in knowledge regarding the necessary components for pediatric gastrostomy tube education. This integrative review addresses the question “What are the educational components following pediatric gastrostomy placement?” Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library electronic databases, along with a hand search. Articles for review included those in the pediatric population, English language, and publication dates between 2010 and 2020. Results Ultimately, 7 articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Articles were all pediatric focused (0–18 years), and were a mix of quantitative and qualitative designs, along with one non-research paper. Three major themes were identified from the literature including that gastrostomy tube education should be a multidisciplinary effort, that education should take a standardized approach, and that it should include psychosocial elements that enhance caregiver knowledge and empowerment. Discussion This review demonstrates that while there is no consensus on a superior mode or means of education, pediatric gastrostomy discharge education must be standardized and high quality to promote the best patient and caregiver outcomes. Further research should aim to address which forms of education, if any, lead to the best outcomes, and how education can best be delivered to promote caregiver knowledge and ease.
Axisymmetric Finite Deflection of Circular Plates

The axisymmetric finite deflection of circular disks and annular plates is examined. The investigation has two objectives. One is to develop a numerical technique which can be used to solve some nonlinear boundary value problems. The other objective is to obtain information on the deflection and stress distribution of circular plates which have large deflection. The nonlinear equations of equilibrium and boundary conditions are derived by the variational method. These equations are expanded into finite difference equations, and solved by a modified iteration technique. In this modified iteration technique, the loading is increased by small increments. The solution of each loading step is predicted by extrapolating the solutions of previous loading steps. The calculation is manipulated in such a fashion that the solution converges very rapidly. Numerical results of various loading conditions and boundary conditions are obtained. In all these calculations, the proposed iteration method was found to be very effective. The solution for circular plates fixed at the boundary, and subjected to uniform pressure, is in excellent agreement with the existing solution.
Understanding how honey bee flight and senescence are connected through oxidative stress

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1: Purpose 1 1.2: Oxidative stress and senescence 2 1.3: The honey bee model system 7 1.4: Life history theory and the honey bee 8 1.5: Senescence in the honey bee 10 1.6: Summary and objectives 13 CHAPTER 2: EFFECTS OF FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND AGE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA 16 2.1: Introduction 16 2.2: Methods 19 2.3: Results 29 2.4: Discussion 40 2.5: Conclusions 49 CHAPTER 3: PARAQUAT AS A MODEL OF FLIGHT-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE 51 3.1: Introduction 51 3.2: Methods 53 3.3: Results 59 3.4: Discussion 67 CHAPTER 4: EFFECTS OF FLIGHT ON GENE EXPRESSION AND AGING IN THE HONEY BEE BRAIN AND FLIGHT MUSCLE 72 4.1: Introduction 72 4.2: Methods 75 4.3: Results and discussion 83 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 101 APPENDICES 111 REFERENCES 117 VITA 134
"D" Is Not for Diversity

Numerous antigens have been identified for B-cell receptors (antibodies) and for ab T-cell receptors. However, very few antigens have been identified that bind to theTCRs expressed byT cells. In a Perspective, [Garboczi][1] discusses two new structural studies ([ Shin et al .][2], [ Adams et al .][3]) that shed light on howTCRs bind to one of their few known antigens, the MHC-like T22 molecule. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5719/209 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/308/5719/252 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/308/5719/227
The Thermodynamics of Critical Phenomena in Fluid Mixtures

The “classical” theory of critical phenomena in fluid mixtures is entirely analogous to that for pure fluids when allowance is made for the increase in the number of variables. Although it is now clear that the details of critical phenomena cannot be accounted for by the “classical” analytic equations, the analogies with one-component systems continue to apply. In particular, when allowance is made for experimental uncertainties, it is reasonable to conclude that the critical exponents α, β, γ und δ are probably the same as those for the one-component fluid. While limiting behavior in the critical region disagrees in detail with the predictions of simple theories, the critical line itself and the great variety of phase behavior observed in binary mixtures can be estimated and interpreted with surprising success. Die “ klassische” Theorie der kritischen Erscheinungen in fluiden Mischungen ist bei Berucksichtigung der erhohten Zahl der Variablen derjenigen der fluiden Einstoffsysteme vollig analog. Obwohl es heute feststeht, daβ Einzelheiten der kritischen Phanomene nicht durch die “ klassischen” analytischen Gleichungen erfast werden konnen, bleiben doch die Analogien zu den Einstoffsystemen bestehen, und bei Berucksichtigung der experimentellen Fehler ergeben sich dieselben Werte fur die kritischen Exponenten α, β, γ und δ fur fluide Einkomponentensysteme. Wahrend das Grenzverhalten im kritischen Gebiet mit den Voraussagen einfacher Theorien im einzelnen nicht ubereinstimmt, kann die kritische Kurve selbst und die grose Vielfalt des Phasenverhaltens in fluiden Mischungen mit erstaunlichem Erfolg wiedergegeben und interpretiert werden.
Interferon Action on Parental Semliki Forest Virus Ribonucleic Acid

Abstract Actinomycin D-treated chick fibroblasts were infected with purified 32P-labeled Semliki forest virus, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted after 1 or 2 hr. Within 1 hr, viral RNA forms sedimenting in sucrose gradients at 42S, 30S, and 16S were present. The 42S form corresponded to the RNA of the virion. The 16S form appeared to be a double-stranded template for the formation of new viral RNA, since nascent RNA was associated with it and the molecule could be heat-denatured and subsequently reannealed by slow cooling. Interferon treatment before infection, or puromycin (50 μg/ml) or cycloheximide (200 μg/ml) added at the time of virus infection, had no effect on the formation of the 30S RNA but inhibited the production of the 16S form. Several findings made it unlikely that these results were due to breakdown of parental RNA and reincorporation of 32P into progeny structures. The results suggested that the mechanism of interferon action involves inhibition of protein synthesis by parental viral RNA, since a specific viral RNA polymerase had previously been demonstrated to be necessary for production of 16S RNA. No protein synthesis appears necessary for formation of 30S RNA from parental virus RNA.
The global settlement, all-star analyst departures, and their impact on the capital markets

The Global Research Analyst Settlement prohibited twelve large investment banks from tying equity analysts’ compensation to investment banking revenues, causing a large number of Institutional Investor “all-star” analysts to exit the sell-side industry. Using a difference-in-differences specification, I find that the departure of all-stars caused their bank-industry underwriting groups to lose equity issuance market share. Market share losses were more severe for IPOs than for IPOs and follow-on underwritings combined. The higher the average quality of all-stars in a bank-industry, the more severe were the bank-industry’s losses. Additionally, the departure of all-stars raised the cost of equity capital for IPOs underwritten by their bank-industry groups, particularly for IPOs that were more difficult to value. Ultimately, the loss of sell-side research talent, an unintended consequence of regulation, forced issuers to accept research coverage of inferior quality, raising the cost of obtaining public capital.
A simple way to look at a Bayesian model for the statistics of earthquake prediction

Abstract A simple urn model is presented for earthquake prediction statistics. This model is equivalent to the Bayesian models of Collins (1977), Guagenti and Scirocco (1980), and Kijko (1981).
Using molecular orbital calculations to describe the phase behavior of cross-associating mixtures

In previous studies, we have used molecular orbital calculations to determine the thermodynamic changes of dimerization for a number of pure and cross-associated species. We have shown that by using these results in a physical equation of state, the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), we are able to accurately model the phase behavior of pure self-associating compounds and binary mixtures of a self-associating compound and a nonassociating compound with a reduction in the number of adjustable parameters. In this study, we consider the phase behavior of binary mixtures in which cross-associated species may occur. To determine the equation of state parameters describing cross association, we introduce a mixing rule based on the results of the molecular orbital calculations. We show that using information derived from the quantum-mechanical calculations results in correlations of mixture vapor-liquid equilibrium data with fewer adjustable parameters and no loss of accuracy, indeed frequently with improved accuracy, compared to the original SAFT model.