cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient and energy stable scheme for the hydrodynamically coupled three components Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model using the stabilized-Invariant Energy Quadratization (S-IEQ) Approach

Abstract In this paper, we consider numerical approximations for solving the hydrodynamically coupled three components Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model. By combining the Invariant Energy Quadratization approach with the stabilization technique, and the projection method for the Navier-Stokes equations, we obtain a linear, second-order, and unconditionally energy stable time marching scheme. We present rigorous proofs for the well-posedness of the obtained linear system and the unconditional energy stability. Various 2D and 3D numerical simulations are implemented to demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the scheme thereafter.
Glucocorticoid receptor collaborates with pioneer factors and AP-1 to execute genome-wide regulation

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates transcription through binding to specific DNA motifs, particularly at enhancers. While the motif to which it binds is constant across cell types, GR has cell type-specific binding at genomic loci, resulting in regulation of different genes. The presence of other bound transcription factors (TFs) is hypothesized to strongly influence where GR binds. Here, we addressed the roles of other TFs in the glucocorticoid response by comparing changes in GR binding and nascent transcription at promoters and distal candidate cis-regulatory elements (CCREs) in two distinct human cancer cell types. We found that after glucocorticoid treatment, GR binds to thousands of genomic loci that are primarily outside of promoter regions and are potentially enhancers. The majority of these GR binding sites are cell-type specific, and they are associated with pioneer factor binding. A small fraction of GR occupied regions (GORs) displayed increased bidirectional nascent transcription, which is a characteristic of many active enhancers, after glucocorticoid treatment. Non-promoter GORs with increased transcription were specifically enriched for AP-1 binding prior to glucocorticoid treatment. These results support a model of transcriptional regulation in which multiple classes of TFs are required. The pioneer factors increase chromatin accessibility, facilitating the binding of GR and additional factors. AP-1 binding poises a fraction of accessible sites to be rapidly transcribed upon glucocorticoid-induced GR binding. The coordinated activity of multiple TFs then results in cell type-specific changes in gene expression. We anticipate that many models of inducible gene expression also require multiple distinct TFs that act at multiple steps of transcriptional regulation.
My Uncle Otto Stern

It was only since 1946 [1945] when my uncle moved to Berkeley that I got to know him well. Before this time we had never lived in the same town, and I had only seen him rarely. Otto Stern moved into a house he had bought several years earlier in the Berkeley hills not far from my parents’ house. Because he was a bachelor, he hired a housekeeper who came in six days a week for a few hours to cook and keep house. He loved good food and good wine. The housekeeper for the last years did not keep the house as clean as he would have liked, but her cooking met with his approval, so she stayed for many years. On Sundays, he would have dinner with his sister, Berta (my mother) and family, or he would go into town for dinner in a restaurant and then to a movie. He loved movies, and Shirley MacLaine was one of his favorite actresses.
The Affordable Care Act: A Not-so-Little Train that Must

Finally free from the uncertainty of looming elections or Supreme Court decisions questioning consititutionality, modern American health care can now be compared to a speeding train serving infinite destinations, with conductors and passengers alike learning the routes along the way. Public transportation is usually forgiving, as the tardy or confused passenger always has the opportunity to catch the next train, but such is not always true in matters of public health. Whether fan or foe of the Affordable Care Act (the ACA), this epic codification of health care reform is something that America cannot afford to miss.
Clinico-genomic profiling and clonal dynamic modeling of TP53-aberrant myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

TP53-aberrant myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia have dismal outcomes. Here, we define the clinico-genomic landscape of TP53 disruptions in 40 patients and employ clonal dynamic modeling to map the mutational hierarchy against clinical outcomes. Most TP53 mutations (45.2%) localized to the L3 loop or LSH motif of the DNA-binding domain. TP53 disruptions had high co-occurrence with mutations in epigenetic regulators, spliceosome machinery, and cohesin complex and low co-occurrence with mutations in proliferative signaling genes. Ancestral and descendant TP53 mutations constituted measurable residual disease and fueled relapse. High mutant TP53 gene dosage predicted low durability of remission. The median overall survival (OS) was 280 days. Hypomethylating agent-based therapy served as an effective bridge to transplant, leading to improved median OS compared to patients who did not receive a transplant (14.7 vs. 5.1 months). OS was independent of the genomic location of TP53 disruption, which has implications for rational therapeutic design.
Extremal Chaos

In maximally chaotic quantum systems, a class of out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) saturate the Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford (MSS) bound on chaos. Recently, it has been shown that the same OTOCs must also obey an infinite set of (subleading) constraints in any thermal quantum system with a large number of degrees of freedom. In this paper, we find a unique analytic extension of the maximally chaotic OTOC that saturates all the subleading chaos bounds which allow saturation. This extremally chaotic OTOC has the feature that information of the initial perturbation is recovered at very late times. Furthermore, we argue that the extremally chaotic OTOC provides a K\"{a}llen-Lehmann-type representation for all OTOCs. This representation enables the identification of all analytic completions of maximal chaos as small deformations of extremal chaos in a precise way.
Graphical Optimization of Spectral Shift Reconstructions for Optical Backscatter Reflectometry.

Optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) is an interferometric technique that can be used to measure local changes in temperature and mechanical strain based on spectral analyses of backscattered light from a singlemode optical fiber. The technique uses Fourier analyses to resolve spectra resulting from reflections occurring over a discrete region along the fiber. These spectra are cross-correlated with reference spectra to calculate the relative spectral shifts between measurements. The maximum of the cross-correlated spectra—termed quality—is a metric that quantifies the degree of correlation between the two measurements. Recently, this quality metric was incorporated into an adaptive algorithm to (1) selectively vary the reference measurement until the quality exceeds a predefined threshold and (2) calculate incremental spectral shifts that can be summed to determine the spectral shift relative to the initial reference. Using a graphical (network) framework, this effort demonstrated the optimal reconstruction of distributed OBR measurements for all sensing locations using a maximum spanning tree (MST). By allowing the reference to vary as a function of both time and sensing location, the MST and other adaptive algorithms could resolve spectral shifts at some locations, even if others can no longer be resolved.
Mouse inbred strain variation in docetaxel pharmacokinetics and hematopoietic toxicity

4163 Most pharmacogenomic studies to date have relied on the identification of candidate genes and associating variants in these genes to predict drug response. However, drug response is most often a complex trait, with multiple genes and environmental factors determining treatment outcome. The mapping of individual genes contributing to complex phenotypes like drug response in humans is made difficulty by issues such as the extent of linkage disequilbrium, the availability of relevant populations, and the difficulty of controlling the influence of environment on a trait. The laboratory mouse provides an ideal model system for the study of pharmacogenomics. The mouse has many properties that are advantageous for genetic studies, the similarities in physiology and anatomy with human; it is possible to create large “family pedigrees”; the content and structure of the human and mouse genomes are very closely related; most importantly, well-defined inbred mouse strains, in which genetic factors have segregated and become fixed during inbreeding, facilitate the analysis of complex traits by reducing genetic complexity. Docetaxel, a taxane chemotherapy agent commonly used to treat breast, lung, and prostate cancer was used for this study. 21 different inbred strains mice (20 mice/strain) were injected I.P. with 20mg/kg docetaxel. Plasma was obtained at 5 different time points (0, 30min, 1h, 2h, 5h; n=3) and analyzed for docetaxel pharmacokinetics parameters. In addition, neutrophil toxicity (n=5) was determined on day 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, and 14 after I.P. injection of 20mg/kg docetaxel. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that metabolism varied widely among strains (AUC median 3259, range 6936-1189). In addition, neutrophil toxicity after docetaxel treatment also showed significant interstrain variation among strains (2 strains/grade=0, 2 strains/grade=1, 10 strains/grade=2, 4 strains/grade=3, 2 strains/grade=4, and 1strain/grade=5). The docetaxel-induced neutrophil nadir was just 87% of baseline in DBA/2J, but 10% of baseline in NZB/BINJ. Genetic mapping and candidate gene analysis is currently being conducted as an approach to discover genes influencing docetaxel activity.
Human gut derived Anaerotruncus colihominis ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

The gut microbiome plays an important role in autoimmunity including multiple sclerosis and its mouse model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The gut-brain axis refers to the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous and immune systems linking brain and gut functions. Prior studies have demonstrated that the multiple sclerosis gut microbiota can contribute to disease hence making it a potential therapeutic target. Other studies have reported that long-term antibiotic therapy in multiple sclerosis patients reduces relapse rate and gadolinium enhancing lesions as well as improves measures of disability. In addition, antibiotic treatment has been shown to ameliorate disease in the EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Yet, to this date, the mechanisms mediating these antibiotics effects are not understood. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the gut derived bacterial strains that drive neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Hence, it remains unclear how the gut microbiota can be targeted for therapeutic purposes in multiple sclerosis patients. Here we characterized the gut microbiome of untreated and vancomycin treated EAE mice over time to identify bacteria with neuroimmunomodulatory potential. We observed alterations in the gut microbiota composition following EAE induction. We found that vancomycin treatment ameliorates EAE and that this protective effect is mediated via the microbiota. Notably, we observed increase abundance of bacteria known to be strong inducers of regulatory T cells including members of Clostridium clusters XIVa and XVIII in vancomycin-treated mice during the presymptomatic phase of EAE as well as at disease peak. We identified 50 bacterial taxa that correlate with EAE severity. Interestingly, several of these taxa exist in the human gut and some of them have been implicated in multiple sclerosis including Anaerotruncus colihominis which had a positive correlation with disease severity. Unexpectedly, we found that Anaerotruncus colihominis ameliorates EAE and this is associated with induction of RORγt+ regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Together, our results identify vancomycin as a potent modulator of the gut-brain axis by promoting the proliferation of bacterial species that induce regulatory T cells. In addition, our findings reveal 50 gut commensals as regulator of the gut-brain axis that can be used to further characterize pathogenic and beneficial host-microbiota interactions in multiple sclerosis patients. Our findings suggest that elevated Anaerotruncus colihominis in multiple sclerosis patients may represent a protective mechanism associated with recovery from the disease.
A computationally efficient approach for hidden-Markov model-augmented fingerprint-based positioning

This paper presents a computationally efficient approach for mobile subscriber position estimation in wireless networks. A method of data scaling assisted by timing adjust is introduced in fingerprint-based location estimation under a framework which allows for minimising computational cost. The proposed method maintains a comparable level of accuracy to the traditional case where no data scaling is used and is evaluated in a simulated environment under varying channel conditions. The proposed scheme is studied when it is augmented by a hidden-Markov model to match the internal parameters to the channel conditions that present, thus minimising computational cost while maximising accuracy. Furthermore, the timing adjust quantity, available in modern wireless signalling messages, is shown to be able to further reduce computational cost and increase accuracy when available. The results may be seen as a significant step towards integrating advanced position-based modelling with power-sensitive mobile devices.
Compressed sensing with non-uniform fast fourier transform for radial Ultra-short Echo Time (UTE) MRI

This paper proposes a compressive sensing (CS) method for radial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using nonuniform fast fourier transform (NUFFT). With the Ultra-short Echo Time (UTE) technology, radial MRI can reduce scan time, reduce artifacts, and achieve high imaging quality. We show that NUFFT-CS reconstruction from under-sampled radial k-space measurements achieves better image quality than the zero-filling (ZF) approaches and the existing CS approach that uses regridding. Experiments using phantom and animal samples have verified that the NUFFT-CS achieves better performance than the NUFFT-ZF, regrid-ZF, and regrid-CS, especially at small sampling rates.
Enzymology in aqueous-organic cosolvent binary mixtures.

Abstract The theory and results of solvent structure control on solute behavior for ordinary chemical reactions, generated in other laboratories (e.g. by Arnett and colleagues), were applied to enzyme reactions in water-organic cosolvent binary mixtures. Three kinds of reactions were studied: (a) catalysis of substrate reactions; (b) denaturation, judged by loss of overall activity; (c) renaturation, aided by organic cosolvents after heat denaturation in water, judged by relative activity. The enzymes studied were trypsin, potato acid phosphatase, l-glutamate dehydrogenase, bacterial β-glucuronidase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lysozyme. In the critical 0.01 to 0.05 mole fraction region, with four carbon alcohols and sometimes dioxane, the results generally were: (a) the enzymes are slightly (a factor of 1½ to 3 times) more active than they are in water only. Occasionally they are markedly more active (factor of 10 or more). In no case are they less active in the binary mixture than in water unless the critical mole fraction region is exceeded. (b) The cosolvents enhance the tendency to heat denature. (c) They also enhance the tendency to renature at lower temperatures after heating in neat water. As expected from the general results of other laboratories in physical organic chemistry, the lower alcohols and ethylene glycol are much less effective than the higher alcohols in the critical mole fraction ranges. The design of experiments with enzymes and interpretation of the results hinge on the conformationally motile model in all phenomena. There is a good possibility that in vivo enzymes, which in effect are in solvents other than neat water, are more active than they are n strictly aqueous in vitro systems.
Knockdown of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in the midgut of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes using antisense morpholinos.

Arthropod-borne infectious diseases are responsible for nearly 1.5 million deaths annually across the globe, with malaria responsible for >50% of these deaths. Recent efforts to enhance malaria control have focused on developing genetically modified Anopheles mosquitoes that are resistant to malaria parasite infection by manipulating proteins that are essential to the immune response. Although this approach has shown promise, the lack of efficient genetic tools in the mosquito makes it difficult to investigate innate immunity using reverse genetics. Current gene knockdown strategies based on small interfering RNA are typically labourious, inefficient, and require extensive training. In the present study, we describe the use of morpholino antisense oligomers to knockdown MEK-ERK signalling in the midgut of Anopheles stephensi through a simple feeding protocol. Anti-MEK morpholino provided in a saline meal was readily ingested by female mosquitoes with minimal toxicity and resulted in knockdown of total MEK protein levels 3-4 days after morpholino feeding. Further, anti-MEK morpholino feeding attenuated inducible phosphorylation of the downstream kinase ERK and, as predicted by previous work, reduced parasite burden in mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. To our knowledge, this is the first example of morpholino use for target protein knockdown via feeding in an insect vector. Our results suggest this method is not only efficient for studies of individual proteins, but also for studies of phenotypic control by complex cell signalling networks. As such, our protocol is an effective alternative to current methods for gene knockdown in arthropods.
Thermal modeling and experimental validation of thermal interface performance between non-flat surfaces

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are commonly used to reduce the thermal resistance between an electronic device and its cooling solution. The thermal performance of a TIM is very sensitive to its bond line thickness, and hence, the warpage profiles of the mating surfaces. The contact surfaces are usually never perfectly flat due to the manufacturing process induced warpage in heat sinks and electronic packages. This paper focuses on a simplified numeric approach to simulate thermal performance of a TIM between the non-flat surfaces. This modeling approach uses an "equivalent" thermal conductivity to simulate warpage rather than building actual surface curvature in the model. In order to validate the numerical model, a test apparatus was developed and tooled up to measure the thermal resistance of an aluminum-nitride (AlN) filled thermal grease between the non-flat surfaces. It can be concluded that the simplified numerical approach can efficiently predict the TIM thermal performance between non-flat surfaces. This model can be further extended to the cases with more complicated surface profiles and multiple heat sources.
Letting Defendants Decide Whether Plaintiff May Sue Them: An Analysis of 14 Penn Plaza v. Pyett

The Supreme Court has granted certiorari in 14 Penn Plaza v. Pyett, raising the question whether employees represented by unions may be required to submit individual statutory claims of discrimination to the union for labor arbitration. This would require reversal of the Court's 1974 decision in Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co. This Article argues that Alexander should not be reversed. Adhering to the Alexander rule would maintain the modern concept of the employment relation as a set of independent legal claims, with a bright line among them, each of which is enforced by whatever mechanism state legislatures or Congress has devised, none of which is fungible with another. This rule has been in effect for at least thirty years. No one has identified any social problems or costs associated with it. Affirming the Court of Appeals in Pyett would have the benefits of adherence to clear precedent that has shaped collective bargaining agreements and arbitration clauses. By contrast, reversing the Court of Appeals in Pyett will put into doubt at least eleven distinct Supreme Court precedents permitting employees represented by unions to sue to enforce their rights rather than submit them to arbitration. It will force the Court into a lengthy future chain of cases to determine whether all employee claims may be stripped by collective agreements and sent to arbitration, or only some of them; whether particular language in collective bargaining agreements will be needed to strip employees of statutory rights, or not; whether all dispute resolution institutions might substitute for arbitration, or only some of them; whether standards for fair representation need to be revised if unions are representing employee statutory rights, or not; whether new institutions are needed for protecting employees whose unions refuse to enforce their statutory rights, or not; and whether the deferential standard of judicial review of arbitration awards changes when these deal with statutory rights, or not.
Inheritance of weak midrib of sorghum

Data from crosses between a plant with a weak leaf midrib, derived from 72M1161, used as female parent with Texioca 63, Martin and 68M6208, and used as male parent with Combine Kafir 60, revealed that the weak-midrib trait is controlled by a recessive allele, designated mw2, while the normal midrib is controlled by the dominant allele, Mw2
Impaired pentose phosphate shunt function in sickle cell disease: a potential mechanism for increased Heinz body formation and membrane lipid peroxidation.

The red cells' antioxidant defense mechanisms were compared between individuals with sickle cell disease and those with hemolytic anemia and reticulocytosis. In sickle cell disease, there was a significant increase in incubated Heinz body formation (p less than .001), a decrease in reduced glutathione concentration (p less than .01), an increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (p less than .01), and a decrease in glutathione reductase activity (p less than .005). The patients with sickle cell disease hd an absolute increase in the activity of the pentose shunt in the intact red cell after methylene blue stimulation (p less than .05) and in red cell hemolysates (p less than .0250. Heinz body formation (r = .75) and pentose shunt activity in red cell hemolysates (r = .83) were strongly related to the degree of reticulocytosis. Although there was a correlation between the pentose shunt activity in the stimulated red cell and in red cell hemolysates for the patients with hemolytic anemia (r = .58), stimulated shunt activity did not increase as the hemolysate shunt activity increased for the patients with sickle cell disease. There were very strong relationships between the ATP concentration and the reticulocyte count (r = .80) and the hemolysate pentose shunt activity (r = .77) in sickle cel disease. These data suggest that in spite of an absolute increase in stimulated pentose shunt activity, there Is a relative suppression of stimulated shunt activity in the youngest sickle erythrocytes. This may be related, in part, to the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of ATP on the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Primary photochemical dynamics of metal carbonyl dimers and clusters in solution: Insights into the results of metal–metal bond cleavage from ultrafast spectroscopic studies

Abstract Metal carbonyl dimers and clusters constitute a diverse class of organometallic reagents and catalysts. The photochemistry of these complexes is a topic of significant and long-standing interest, as preparative-scale photolyses constitute many of the most synthetically powerful reactions in organometallic chemistry. The metal–metal bonding present in dimers and clusters is varied and significantly influences their overall reactivity. In this review we discuss the primary photochemical dynamics of transition metal carbonyl metal dimers and clusters, with a focus on the changes in metal–metal bonding that occur upon visible and/or ultraviolet photochemical excitation. The bulk of the results discussed here were obtained using ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, a technique with high structural sensitivity afforded by the carbonyl reporter ligands of the complexes studied. Picosecond time resolution allows detailed monitoring of the photochemical reaction dynamics, including observation of initially excited complexes and short-lived transient metal–metal bond cleavage intermediates, as well as formation of the longer-lived, yet reactive, intermediates responsible for reactivity occurring on diffusion-limited time scales and beyond.
Alcohol in the workplace: A research note

Drinking in the workplace is a serious concern for both unions and managements. The typical response to this problem is increased monitoring of blood-alcohol levels, a practice unions find offensive and managements find expensive. This note analyzes the advantages of controlling drinking in the workplace by substituting lower blood-alcohol limits for monitoring blood-alcohol levels.
Line limit preserving power system equivalent

A reduced order equivalent of a power system is a simplified model of the original system with the ability to preserve some key characteristics and to provide adequate fidelity in simulation studies with considerably reduced computational requirements. In this paper, an algorithm to construct an equivalent system with the ability to retain thermal line limits is presented. The application of Kron's reduction and power transfer distribution factor is used in the creation of the reduced system. The criteria for this method and its step-by-step procedure with the implementation to a small power system are described. Also, the result of its application to the IEEE 118 bus system is provided.
Limb salvage after delayed diagnosis for blunt traumatic infrapopliteal occlusion

Infrapopliteal occlusion is uncommon after blunt trauma, and limb salvage after delayed diagnosis is even rarer. We present the case of a 56-year-old man who had complex lower leg orthopedic fractures along with a reportedly normal pulse examination with an 11-day diagnostic delay of limb-threatening ischemia requiring distal revascularization. This case illustrates an incidence of delayed infrapopliteal three-vessel occlusion with successful revascularization and subsequent endovascular management to maintain patency. We describe the workup and treatment of delayed infrapopliteal occlusion and a review of the current literature on this topic.
Androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer lymph node metastases is predictive of outcome after surgery.

AbstractPurpose: Androgens mediate the growth of prostate cancer cells. The predictive value of androgen receptor immunostaining in patient outcome is controversial. We studied the expression of androgen receptors in a large series of patients with node positive cancer, and correlated the results with clinical progression and survival.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 197 patients with a mean age of 65.5 years who had node positive adenocarcinoma, and who underwent bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and/or radical prostatectomy at our clinic between 1987 and 1992. Mean followup was 6.3 years. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using an antihuman androgen receptor monoclonal antibody. In each case 100 nuclei were counted from 3 separate areas (total 300 nuclei per diagnostic category) of benign epithelium, cancer and lymph node metastases. Mean androgen receptor expression was determined from the mean of the individual cases. The intensity of immunoreactivity was evaluated on a scale of 0-no staini...
Left bundle branch block during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia: where is the accessory pathway?

healthy high-school student with no structural heart isease was referred to the electrophysiology laboratory or palpitations and narrow-complex tachycardia. The atient was found to have orthodromic reciprocating achycardia (ORT). The intracardiac electrograms of the RT during transition from left bundle branch block LBBB) to a narrow QRS complex are shown in Figure 1. ased on these findings, where is the accessory pathway ikely located?
Using globus grid objects to extend a corba-based object-oriented system

This paper, along with the accompanying demonstration, describes an object-oriented framework for high-performance computing. The original system [1] was developed with Common Object Request Broker Architecture (Corba) [2] objects to implement the framework interfaces to code-dependent methods. To add new codes to the initial system required the implementation of new Corba interface objects. Globus Grid objects [3] have extended that original system, and have resulted in added flexibility in the design for the addition of new codes. High-performance computing agent services were also implemented as Globus Grid objects, resulting in enhanced communications between the framework user interface services and the agents responsible for executing the codes. The management functions for remote agents have also been improved.
Comment on “relativistic corrections to inverse bremsstrahlung in the solar interior” by Tsytovich et al.

Abstract A recent examination of inverse bremsstrahlung in the solar interior by Tsytovich et al. [Phys. Lett. A 205 (1995) 199] is shown to predict incorrectly both the sign and size of the relativistic corrections.
Combined Nyquist and Compressed Sampling Method for Radio Wave Data Compression of a Heterogeneous Network System

SUMMARY To satisfy the requirement of a unified platform which can flexibly deal with various wireless radio systems, we proposed and implemented a heterogeneous network system composed of distributed flexible access points and a protocol-free signal processing unit. Distributed flexible access points are remote RF devices which perform the reception of multiple types of radio wave data and transfer the received data to the protocol-free signal processing unit through wired access network. The protocol-free signal processing unit performs multiple types of signal analysis by software. To realize a highly flexible and efficient radio wave data reception and transfer, we employ the recently developed compressed sensing technology. Moreover, we propose a combined Nyquist and compressed sampling method for the decoding signals to be sampled at the Nyquist rate and for the sensing signals to be sampled at the compressed rate. For this purpose, the decoding signals and the sensing signals are converted into the intermediate band frequency (IF) and mixed. In the IF band, the decoding signals are set at lower center frequencies than those of the sensing signals. The down converted signals are sampled at the rate of four times of the whole bandwidth of the decoding signals plus two times of the whole bandwidth of the sensing signals. The purpose of above setting is to simultaneously conduct Nyquist rate and compressed rate sampling in a single ADC. Then, all of odd (or even) samples are preserved and some of even (or odd) samples are randomly discarded. This method reduces the data transfer burden in dealing with the sensing signals while guaranteeing the realization of Nyquist-rate decoding performance. Simulation and experiment results validate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Dissolving Carboxylic Acids and Primary Amines on the Overhead Projector.

Liquid carboxylic acids (or primary amines) with limited solubility in water are dissolved by addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide (or hydrochloric acid) on the stage of an overhead projector using simple glassware and very small quantities of chemicals. This effective and colorful demonstration can be used to accompany discussions of the properties of carboxylic acids and amines in general chemistry as well as organic chemistry.
Distance Education: Applications in a Masters and Doctoral Program

This article examines two graduate programs, one masters and one doctoral, that rely heavily on technological delivery systems. These systems include the use of audiobridge, videotapes, electronic mail, and compressed video. In addition, the programs utilize electronic library access, bulletin boards, and a special tool that was developed in-house, the Electronic Classroom. Included is a survey of “National Cluster” students in the doctoral program. The survey was used to assess the influence that technology, especially telecommunications, has had on the students' ability to complete their course of study, their career, and/or work status, and their personal interaction with friends and colleagues. Preliminary analysis of the survey data indicate that the instruction that these students received enabled them to perform in a positive way throughout their study. Student skill levels were increased, and the carryover to their work place was evident.
Rolling-sphere viscometer for In situ monitoring of shake-flask fermentations

Abstract A rolling-sphere viscometer (RSV) was constructed and evaluated for monitoring apparent viscosities of fermentation broths in shake flasks or test tubes. The apparatus was calibrated by measuring translational velocities of magnetic stainless steel spheres (0.16–0.95 cm diameter) rolling in Newtonian viscosity standards (50–12,500 mPa·s) on surfaces inclined 20° to 70°. The method was applied to fermentation broths of Aureobasidium pullulans. Apparent viscosities fit the power-law equation. Maximum viscosities and minimum power-law indices were reached within 4 to 6 days fermentation time, followed by a decrease in viscosity.
Conceptualizations of cultural heritage in information science

We survey core and peripheral journals in library and information studies (LIS) to identify conceptualizations and dimensions of heritage research. We identify the knowledge structure of the heritage literature in information science with its adjoining fields including museum studies, archival, and computer science.
Lipoatrophy among HIV‐infected patients is associated with higher levels of depression than lipohypertrophy

Objectives We sought to determine the association between body morphology abnormalities and depression, examining lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy separately. Methods An observational cross-sectional study of 250 patients from the University of Washington HIV Cohort was carried out. Patients completed an assessment including measures of depression and body morphology. We used linear regression analysis to examine the association between lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy and depression. Analysis of variance was used to examine the relationship between mean depression scores and lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in 10 body regions. Results Of 250 patients, 76 had lipoatrophy and 128 had lipohypertrophy. Mean depression scores were highest among patients with moderate-to-severe lipoatrophy (16.4), intermediate among those with moderate-to-severe lipohypertrophy (11.7), mild lipohypertrophy (9.9) and mild lipoatrophy (8.5), and lowest among those without body morphology abnormalities (7.7) (P=0.002). After adjustment, mean depression scores for subjects reporting moderate-to-severe lipoatrophy were 9.2 points higher (P<0.001), scores for subjects with moderate-to-severe lipohypertrophy were 4.8 points higher (P=0.02), and scores for subjects with mild lipohypertrophy were 2.8 points higher (P=0.03) than those for patients without body morphology abnormalities. Facial lipoatrophy was the body region associated with the most severe depression scores (15.5 vs. 8.9 for controls; P=0.03). Conclusions In addition to long-term cardiovascular implications, body morphology has a more immediate effect on depression severity.
Pre-adaptation, exaptation and technology speciation: a comment on Cattani (2006)

A recent article in this journal by Cattani ( 2006 ) pointed out that some part of a firm's technological knowledge base may be accumulated without anticipation of its subsequent uses but may later prove to have valuable applications. He called this technological pre-adaptation . This comment suggests that pre-adaptation is a confusing concept and offers an alternative term—exaptation—that might better describe the process Cattani refers to. Copyright 2007 , Oxford University Press.
Solubilization and characterization of hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase.

Abstract The hepatic enzyme, bilirubin UDP glucuronyltransferase (UDPglucuronate glucuronyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.17) has been solubilized in stable form by treating rat liver microsomes with 10% (by weight) dissolved digitonin at pH 7.8. All enzyme activity was associated with the rough membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum as shown by ultracentrifugation of selected density gradients in combination with electron microscopy. Proof of solubilization was determined by analytic ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, and electron microscopy which indicated that the enzyme was an homogeneous protein with a calculated molecular weight in the range of 150 000. Studies to characterize enzyme kinetics and assay requirements were performed and differ from those reported for liver hemogenates.
Singh's theorem in the lattice case

Abstract The asymptotic behavior of the parametric bootstrap estimator of the sampling distribution of a maximum likelihood estimator is investigated in a simple lattice case, integer valued random variables whose distributions form an exponential family. The expected value of the bootstrap estimator is compared with an Edgeworth expansion, less the continuity correction.
Hexokinase-binding properties of the mitochondrial VDAC protein: inhibition by DCCD and location of putative DCCD-binding sites.

The outer mitochondrial membrane receptor for hexokinase binding has been identified as the VDAC protein, also known as mitochondrial porin. The ability of the receptor to bind hexokinase is inhibited by pretreatment with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). At low concentrations, DCCD inhibits hexokinase binding by covalently labeling the VDAC protein, with no apparent effect on VDAC channel-forming activity. The stoichiometry of [14C]-DCCD labeling is consistent with one to two high-affinity DCCD-binding sites per VDAC monomer. A comparison between the sequence of yeast VDAC and a conserved sequence found at DCCD-binding sites of several membrane proteins showed two sites where the yeast VDAC amino acid sequence appears to be very similar to the conserved DCCD-binding sequence. Both of these sites are located near the C-terminal end of yeast VDAC (residues 257–265 and 275–283). These results are consistent with a model in which the C-terminal end of VDAC is involved in binding to the N-terminal end of hexokinase.
Express it!: An Interactive System for Visualizing Expressiveness of Conductor's Gestures

A conductor provides a single unified vision of how to interpret and perform music. However, perceiving a conductor's musical intention and expression is quite challenging as they convey information to performers with subtle, nuanced, and highly individualized gestures. This artwork visualizes the conductor's gestures in order to give the audience a better understanding of its expressivity. To represent the expressivity of the gestures, we created motion profiles over eight frames, at 30 frames per second, and compared them to previously modeled gestures using three motion factors, called Weight, Space and Time from related concepts in Laban Movement Analysis (LMA). Based on this, we have created a real-time, interactive visualization that is driven by the motion factor parameters. The visualization receives the input video stream, and it is transformed into a representation of the three motion factors extracted from the real-time conducting gestures.
Lost in Translation: from Omiyage to Souvenir: Beyond Aesthetics of the Japanese Office Ladies’ Gaze in Hawaii

Centering on the analysis of the omiyage (gifts brought back from trips for family, friends and colleagues) in Japan, this article describes the Japanese office ladies’ (OLs) practices of consumption in Hawaii. In contemporary Japan, foreign goods, especially brand name ones, are not only bearers of intrinsic aesthetic value but are forms negotiating OLs’ emancipatory social action. Based on interviews with OLs visiting Hawaii’s shopping scene between 1994 and 2004, this article explores the nature and evolution of the Japanese omiyage, analyzing its metamorphosis and trespasses, along with issues of internationalization and consumption. These changes delineate an historical transformation from a traditional culture characterized by a non-individualistic, others-oriented omiyage practice, to a material one, self-oriented and characterized by a form of Occidentalism, fetishized fads and style-status symbols.
Direct pH Measurement of NaCl-Bearing Fluid with an in Situ Sensor at 400°C and 40 Megapascals

The pH of concentrated NaCl-HCl fluids (0.57 mole of NaCl per kilogram of water) has been measured at supercritical conditions of water with a yttria-stabilized zirconia sensor in a titanium flow reactor. At 400°C and 40 megapascals, the in situ pH of the fluids, ranging from 3.3 to 6.2, differs greatly from its original value of 1.9 to 7.6 at ambient conditions. The measurements agree well with theoretical predictions, showing strong associations of HCl° and NaOH° complexes in high-temperature fluids. The pH sensor provides a powerful tool to investigate unambiguously the distribution of species in aqueous fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Support recovery for source localization based on overcomplete signal representation

We analyze the performance of a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation scheme based on overcomplete signal representation in this paper. We formulate the problem as a support recovery problem with joint sparsity constraints and analyze it in a hypothesis testing framework. We derive both upper and lower bounds on the probability of error by using Chernoff bound and Fano's inequality, respectively. The lower bound implies that the minimal number of samples necessary for accurate DOA estimation is proportional to the logarithm of the discretization level for arbitrary isotropic sensor arrays. We apply the upper bound to study the effect of noise. For uniform linear array (ULA) with only one source, the upper bound exponent indicates that the optimal overcomplete representation is achieved by uniform partition of the wave number space instead of the DOA space.
Assessment of an Interactive Computer-Based Patient Prenatal Genetic Screening and Testing Education Tool:

The Enhancing Patient Prenatal Education study tested the feasibility and educational impact of an interactive program for patient prenatal genetic screening and testing education. Patients at two private practices and one public health clinic participated (N = 207). The program collected knowledge and measures of anxiety before and after use of the tool. Time in various prenatal visit activities was collected prior to and after the introduction of the education tool. Providers completed an assessment of their experiences with patients who had used the program. Results indicate that patient knowledge significantly increased from pre to post (p = .0001) with no increase in anxiety (p = .31). Time in clinic activities, including overall visit time, increased. A majority of providers indicated that the program disrupted clinic flow. This assessment suggests that the program increases patient knowledge and does not increase patient anxiety. However, challenges remain to using this program in a clinic setting.
Estrogen receptor beta dependent attenuation of cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 by androgens in human brain vascular smooth muscle cells and rat mesenteric arteries

Androgens may provide protective effects in the vasculature under pathophysiological conditions. Our past studies have shown that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreases expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during cytokine, endotoxin, or hypoxic stimulation in human vascular smooth muscle cells, in an androgen receptor (AR)-independent fashion. Classically DHT is regarded as a pure AR agonist; however, it can be endogenously metabolized to 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-diol), which has recently been shown to be a selective estrogen receptor (ERβ) agonist. Therefore, we hypothesized that DHT’s anti-inflammatory properties following cytokine stimulation are mediated through ERβ. Using primary human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMC), we tested whether DHT’s effect on IL-1β induced COX-2 expression was mediated via AR or ERβ. The metabolism of DHT to 3β-diol is a viable pathway in HBVSMC since mRNA for enzymes necessary for the synthesis and metabolism of 3β-diol [3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, CYP7B1] was detected. In addition, the expression of AR, ERα, and ERβ mRNA was detected. When applied to HBVSMC, DHT (10 nM; 18 h) attenuated IL-1β-induced increases in COX-2 protein expression. The AR antagonist bicalutamide did not block DHT’s ability to reduce COX-2. Both the non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (1 μM) and the selective ERβ antagonist PHTPP (1 μM) inhibited the effect of DHT, suggesting that DHT actions are ERβ-mediated. In HBVSMC and in rat mesenteric arteries, 3β-diol, similar to DHT, reduced cytokine-induced COX-2 levels. In conclusion, DHT appears to be protective against the progression of vascular inflammation through metabolism to 3β-diol and activation of ERβ.
Characterization of proton-exchanged waveguides in MgO:LiNbO 3

We report the fabrication and characterization of proton-exchanged waveguides in MgO-doped LiNbO(3), a high-optical-damage-threshold material. Results indicate waveguide characteristics similar to those of waveguides fabricated in undoped LiNbO(3) except for slower diffusion rates and freedom from etching of the y face when pure benzoic acid is used as a proton source. An optical-damage threshold of 70 kW/cm(2) was measured at 0.5145 microm in a MgO:LiNbO(3) waveguide, corresponding to a factor-of-2 improvement over undoped LiNbO(3).
The effects of single and dual sensory loss on symptoms of depression in the elderly.

Objectives The primary purposes of this study were to determine the effect of dual sensory loss (i.e. combined hearing and vision loss) on depressive symptoms, to determine whether dual sensory loss has an effect on depressive symptoms when controlling for common covariates of depression, and to determine whether persons with dual sensory loss were more likely than those with a single sensory loss to experience depressive symptoms. Design Secondary analyses of 2001 National Health Interview Survey data. Participants Nine thousand eight hundred and thirty-two people aged 55 and older residing in the community in the US. Measurements Self-report answers to questions about hearing and vision status, depressive symptoms, health, education level, poverty, social activities, social support, and functional disability (ADL and IADL status). Results Dual sensory loss had a significant effect on depressive symptoms (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.8–4.0), which was lowered but still significant after controlling for covariates of depression (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7–2.9). Those with dual sensory loss were not significantly more likely than those with vision loss, but were significantly more likely than those with hearing loss, to experience symptoms of depression. Conclusion Experiencing depressive symptoms is a problem that needs to be addressed with elderly persons with dual sensory loss. Not only is this population more likely to experience these symptoms, because of their sensory losses treatment for them may be problematical. Professionals working with the elderly should be aware of the increased risks of depressive symptoms in those with single or dual sensory loss, and should screen for them. If present, rehabilitation for sensory losses may help decrease them. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.