cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of mode conversion in waveguide transition sections with surface impedance boundaries applied to VLF radio propagation

First- and second-order correction terms are derived for the reflection and transmission scattering coefficients for a step-type transition between two uniform waveguides with surface impedance boundaries. This analysis yields rigorous expressions for the differential transmission and reflection coefficients defined for an infinitesimal step transition. These coefficients are essential in the derivation of the coupled differential equations for the wave amplitudes in a transition section of gradually varying height.
Oncology pharmacy practice residency programs.

According to the American Cancer Society, cancer-related death has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death in persons younger than age 85 years in the United States, and an estimated 1.4 million Americans will be diagnosed with cancer this year.[1][1] In response to this trend, the
Sex differences in smoking cue reactivity: craving, negative affect, and preference for immediate smoking.

Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CaliforniaBackgroundandObjectives:Femalesmokershavegreaterdifﬁcultyquitting, possibly due to increased reactivity to smoking‐related cues.This study assessed sex differences in craving, affect, and preferencefor immediate smoking after cue exposure.Methods: Regular smokers (n ¼ 60; 50% female) were exposed tosmoking and neutral cues in separate, counterbalanced sessions.Outcomes included changes in craving and affect and preference forimmediate smoking following cue exposure.Results: Findings indicated that women exhibited greater preferencefor immediate smoking (p ¼ .004), and reported greater cue‐inducedincreases in cigarette craving (p ¼ .046) and negative affect(p ¼ .025).Discussion and Conclusions: These data suggest that women mayhavegreaterdifﬁcultyinhibitingsmokingaftercueexposure,possiblyas a consequence of greater increases in craving and negative affect.Scientiﬁc Signiﬁcance and Future Directions: Findings suggest amechanism that may contribute to greater cessation failure amongfemale smokers. (Am J Addict 2013;XX:1–7)
Effect of LSD on visually evoked responses to color in visualizer and non-visualizer subjects.

Abstract 1. 1. The visually evoked responses (VERs) to color of visualizer subjects evidenced a significant degree of color specific characteristics and selective alteration in color specificity after LSD. The changes were somewhat more pronounced in the amplitude domain. Configuration of the VER to white and red were consistently different from those to blue or green. Visualizers also reported enhanced visual perception after LSD. 2. 2. In non-visualizer subjects the VERs to all color conditions except to red were virtually identical. Following LSD, early components of all 3 color VERs, most noticeably for red and green, were changed in configuration, all changes being in the latency domain. 3. 3. Maximal amplitudes occurred in the VERs to white while counting the flashes in both subject groups. After LSD this was unchanged in visualizers but was markedly attenuated in responses of the non-visualizers. 4. 4. A technique for ranking components of a complexly organized set of responses was used which permitted extraction of critical data from a complex of intercurrent intra- and inter-subject variation. The technique isolated patterns of response by which changes over time could be conveniently compared within and between subject groups, and as these were affected by the experimental condition. This proved useful in isolating significant differences in a multi-dimensional system in which the external stimuli, light and LSD, were both contained within reasonable physiologic and pharmacologic limits.
Electromagnetic waves in an infinite isotropic dielectric plate enclosed by two parallel perfect conductors

Electromagnetic (EM) plane-wave propagation is analyzed for an infinite isotropic dielectric plate and its surrounding free space enclosed by two parallel perfect conductors which are of equal distance from the faces of the dielectric plate. Exact solutions are obtained satisfying the three-dimensional Maxwell's equations, the continuity conditions at the interfaces of the dielectric plate and free space, and the electric boundary conditions at the faces of the perfect conductors. Dispersion relations are obtained for both the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves. Dispersion curves are computed and analyzed for frequency branches with both real and imaginary wave numbers. The partition of energy, i.e. the ratio of EM energy per unit area in the dielectric plate to that in the surrounding free space are calculated as a function of frequency for both TE and TM waves. The effect of the gap between the shielding conductor and the face of the dielectric plate and the effect of the relative dielectric permittivity on the energy partition are examined systematically.
Effect of tank to impeller diameter ratio on flooding transition for disc turbines

Mise en place d'un modele base sur le nombre de Froude et le rapport diametre du reservoir sur diametre de l'agitateur
Etomoxir-induced PPARα-modulated enzymes protect during acute renal failure

Regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) represents an important mechanism for a sustained balance of energy production/utilization in kidney tissue. To examine the role of stimulated FAO during ...
Black (w)Holes: A Researcher's Place in Her Research

This paper is presented in three major parts. The Prelude serves as an introduction to the issue of researcher bias. To illustrate how my own personal experience with homelessness biases my place in the research of homeless youth, three voices are presented in the Interlude. My voice, the voices of homeless youth, and voices of authority are displayed in three columns. The closing part of this paper returns to the motif: issues of researcher bias. In the Postlude I discuss how I see my biases influencing my research with homeless youth.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Al-Mg Alloy 5083 Sensitized at Low Temperature

Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in Al-Mg alloy 5083-H131 is characterized for slow-rising stress intensity loading in NaCl solution at a near-open circuit potential. The susceptible S-L orientation isolates the controlling-deleterious effect of grain boundary β (Al3Mg2) precipitates. Low-temperature sensitization produces severe IGSCC, provided that the degree of sensitization (DoS, measured by nitric acid mass loss) is above a critical level of 9 mg/cm2 to 12 mg/cm2. Fatigue precrack tip intergranular corrosion occurs, threshold stress intensity for IGSCC falls, and Stage II crack growth rate rises as single functions of mass loss for sensitization at 60°C, 80°C, or 100°C. The DoS dependence of IGSCC is explained with the coupled crack tip dissolution-hydrogen environment embrittlement mechanism. IGSCC occurs above a critical DoS when the amount of β dissolution is sufficient for hydrolytic-crack acidification promoting H uptake and α boundary embrittlement, as quantified in a companion p...
Race, Religion, and Discrimination: South Asian Immigrants and Challenges of Panethnic Mobilization

This paper analyzes the extent of panethnic South Asian identity formation and mobilization among South Asian immigrants in the United States. Based on the analysis of quantitative data from PNAAPS, 2001 and 60 in-depth interviews conducted with both leaders and community members of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi communities in Los Angeles and New York City, the questions which this paper ask are: Does the experience of discrimination based on skin color, appearance, foreign origin shape a panethnic identity of South Asian American? Did the experience of racial targeting of immigrants of South Asian Origin after September 11th, 2001 play a catalyzing role in shaping a broad South Asian American identity? The paper argues that broader panethnic identities such as South Asian and Asian American are always in constant negotiation with more firmly rooted categories such as Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi. There is a limited acceptability of the category of South Asian among first generation immigrants from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. However, there are political mobilization attempts within these communities using the broader South Asian panethnic identity to gain some level of political efficacy. These attempts of broader South Asian panethnic mobilization coexist with mobilization and identity formation around the country of origin which emphasizes religious, linguistic, and country of origin distinctions which get strengthened by strong transnational linkages.
High-Temperature Dielectric Polyimide Films for Energy Storage Applications

Two new diamines containing three nitriles are synthesized via a 3-step route. They are polymerized with four commercial dianhydrides (i.e. 6FDA, OPDA, BTDA and PMDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) to afford poly(amic acid)s, which are thermally cured at temperatures up to 300 °C to form tough, creasable films. Most of these polyimides are soluble in common solvents. Their glass transition temperatures range from 216 to 341 °C. The polyimides are stable up to 400 °C. The dielectric constants of these OPDA-based polyimides increase from 2.9 (CP2) to 4.7 as measured by the D-E loops.
Gender Stereotypes Influence How People Explain Gender Disparities in the Workplace

Gender stereotypes provide viable explanations for why women are underrepresented and men are overrepresented in senior leadership positions and STEM occupations, typically by attributing gender disparities to the dispositions of women and men. The present research examined whether stereotypes also influence attributions to discrimination. Consistent with predictions, undergraduate participants who strongly vs. weakly endorsed gender stereotypes, either chronically (Study 1, N = 147) or when situationally primed (Study 2, N = 258), were less likely to attribute gender disparities in the workplace to discrimination. In addition, participants unexpectedly made stronger discrimination attributions when explaining gender gaps in leadership positions than in STEM occupations, suggesting that interventions for addressing gender discrimination may need to use different strategies for different contexts. Overall, results are consistent with the notion that stereotypes influence explanations for group disparities in ways that justify existing social arrangements as fair, just, and legitimate. Our findings have implications for understanding when people will acknowledge discrimination, which is an important first step toward addressing discrimination.
Principles and Practice of Cancer Infectious Diseases

Edited by Amar Safdar, M.D. . Published by Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, 2011. xix + 591 p. First edition. Price $239.00 (hardcover) Principles and Practice of Cancer Infectious Diseases is a comprehensive text directed toward the
Metabolomics study on central precocious puberty using HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis

Objective To apply metabolomics studies to find out metabolic markers for further understanding the pathogenesis of children central precocious puberty( CPP). Methods A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time- of- flight mass spectrometry method( HPLC- QTOF- MS) was used to figure out the metabolic characteristic of the CPP children and healthy children. Combined with the principal component analysis( PCA) and partial least squares- diacriminant analysis( PLS- DA),the major metabolic changes in peripheral blood between the normal and onset group were statistically analyzed.According to the loading plot and variable importance plot( VIP) of PLS,twenty- four metabolic markers were identified. Furthermore,the pathways mediated by these metabolic markers were analyzed. Results CPP is closely related to the abnormalities of multiple metabolic pathways,including amino acid,catecholamine,serotonin,and lipid metabolism. Additionally,environmental endocrine disruptors play an important role in the occurrence of CPP. These findings provide a novel insight to the pathogenesis of CPP. Conclusion The metabolic characteristic of the CPP children was obviously different from that of the normal children.
Closing the Gap Between Clinical Trials and Practice: A Global Imperative.

Those who have been involved in the care and management of patients with cardiovascular disease and in particular coronary heart disease have much to be thankful for. Over the past 5 decades, those living in high-income countries have seen age-adjusted death rates for ischemic heart disease decline
An Audio-Driven Perceptually Meaningful Timbre Synthesizer

A real-time synthesis engine that models and predicts the timbre of acoustic instruments based on perceptual features is presented. The timbre characteristics and the mapping between control and timbre parameters are inferred from recorded musical data. In the synthesis step, timbre data is predicted based on new control data enabling applications such as synthesis and cross-synthesis of acoustic instruments and timbre morphing between instrument families. The system is fully implemented in the Max/MSP environment.
Formal Semantics and Soundness of a Translation from Event-B Actions to SQL Statements.

The EventB2SQL tool translates Event-B models to persistent Java applications that store the state of the model in a relational database. Most Event-B assignments are translated directly to SQL database modification statements, which can then be executed against the database. In this work, we present a formal semantics for and prove the soundness of the translation of sets of assignment statements representing the actions of an Event-B event. This allows the generated code to be used with confidence in its correctness.
L’uso degli antisettici nel lavaggio delle mani del personale medico

RiassuntoNumerosi studi hanno dimostrato che il principale serbatoio di infezioni nosocomiali e rappresentato dal paziente infetto o colonizzato, e che la piu importante modalita di disseminazione e rappresentata dal trasporto di microorganismi da un paziente all’altro tramite le mani del personale medico. Un lungo lavaggio pre-operatorio con un antisettico rappresenta una regola tradizionale dell’asepsi chirurgica. Il lavaggio igienico delle mani in ospedale o in clinica, per la rimozione di agenti contaminanti transitori acquisiti da pazienti o dall’ambiente e per la prevenzione delle infezioni crociate nei confronti di pazienti particolarmente esposti, e analogamente considerato una misura fondamentale per il controllo delle infezioni; tuttavia, nella maggior parte degli ospedali, e spesso trascurata da parte del personale. Paradossalmente, in seguito ad un tipico lavaggio delle mani di breve durata (7-10 secondi) con un sapone non medicato, il numero dei microorganismi potenzialmente trasmissibili dal...
GaAs1-yPy heterojunction lasers

Data are presented showing that low‐threshold (300 °K) visible‐spectrum GaAs1−yPy and In1−xGaxP1−zAsz DH laser diodes can be grown on GaAs1−yPy substrates of composition at least as high as y=0.41, which corresponds to a short‐wavelength limit of ∼6420 A for the ternary and ∼6180 A for the quaternary.
Theory of filtration of mixed blood suspensions

A theory is developed for the flow of suspensions of blood cells through filters in which the properties of the cells are defined by statistical distributions. It is shown that conditions are generally transient, and computational procedures are developed to compute the pressure drop and the fraction of the pores of the filter containing cells of various types as a function of time. The computations show a large influence of very small concentrations of stiff cells which gradually collect in the filter and effectively plug the filter during the time of a typical test. It is also shown that the mean value of the resistance offered by a cell population with a limited distribution of resistances is more important than dispersion of resistances about the mean in determining the observable pressure curve. Experimental data are presented demonstrating that the drug pentoxifylline reduces the stiffness of leukocytes.
Data on regulation of the gene for the adipocyte-enriched micropeptide Adig/Smaf1 by qPCR analysis and luciferase reporter assay.

This article describes qPCR analysis for the Adig/Smaf1 gene in multiple in vitro adipocyte differentiation models including white and brown adipogenesis, cell lines and primary cultures. The article also contains qPCR data for transcript levels of Adig/Smaf1 in a wide panel of murine tissues. Expression of Adig/Smaf1 transcript in white and brown adipose tissue in fasted and refed mice is reported and also data for Adig/Smaf1 transcript expression in genetically obese ob/ob mice. Data on the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Srebp1c on Adig/Smaf1 transcript levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes are shown. Luciferase reporter assays provide data for regulation of an ~ 2 kb fragment of the 5′ flanking region of Adig/Smaf1 gene by PPARγ/RXRα. This data is related to a research article describing Adig/Smaf1 protein expression, “Expression, regulation and functional assessment of the 80 amino acid Small Adipocyte Factor 1 (Smaf1) protein in adipocytes” (G. Ren, P. Eskandari, S. Wang, C.M. Smas, 2016) [1].
The dynamic effects of subconscious goal pursuit on resource allocation, task performance, and goal abandonment

Abstract We test two potential boundary conditions for the effects of subconscious goals—the nature of the goal that is activated (achievement vs. underachievement) and conscious goal striving. Subconscious achievement goals increase the amount of time devoted to skill acquisition, and this increase in resource allocation leads to higher performance when conscious goals are neutral. However, specific conscious goals undermine the performance benefits of subconscious achievement goals. Subconscious underachievement goals cause individuals to abandon goal pursuit and this effect is mediated by task performance. Difficult conscious goals neutralize the detrimental effects of subconscious underachievement goals but only if implemented before performance is undermined. Overall, these results suggest that subconscious achievement goals facilitate task performance, subconscious underachievement goals trigger goal abandonment, and difficult conscious goals moderate these effects depending on the level of resource allocation and timing of goal implementation.
Characteristics of low-priced solar PV systems in the U.S.

Abstract Despite impressive declines in average prices, there is wide dispersion in the prices of U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) systems; prices span more than a factor of four. What are the characteristics of the systems with low-prices? Using detailed characteristics of 42,611 small-scale (
A new hybrid jammer and its impact on DSRC Safety Application reliability

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) use Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) for safety applications aiming to reduce traffic accidents. The applications, which use Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) with the IEEE 802.11p Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol are exposed to the full range of security problems associated with wireless technology, including wireless jamming. This research introduces a new hybrid jammer, which combines the properties of so-called constant and deceptive jammers in addition to characteristics resembling random jammers. It is shown that this simple to implement jammer can 1) manipulate transmitting nodes in a way that causes safety applications to fail, and 2) make innocent nodes appear as misbehaving. All this can be done without destroying messages. The hybrid jammer's impact on the reliability of DSRC Safety Applications is analyzed and results from lab experiments with commercial DSRC equipment, as well as findings during field experiments that motivated the research, are presented. Finally, a detection algorithm is proposed as a mitigation strategy for the new jammer.
Mix-and-match considerations for EUV insertion in N7 HVM

An optimal mix-match control strategy for EUV and 193i scanners is crucial for the insertion of EUV lithography at 7nm technology node. The systematic differences between these exposure systems introduce additional cross-platform mixmatch overlay errors. In this paper, we quantify the EUV specific contributions to mix-match overlay, and explore the effectiveness of higher-order interfield and intrafield corrections on minimizing the on-product mix-match overlay errors. We also analyze the impact of intra-field sampling plans in terms of model accuracy and adequacy in capturing EUV specific intra-field signatures. Our analysis suggests that more intra-field measurements and appropriate placement of the metrology targets within the field are required to achieve the on-product overlay control goals for N7 HVM.
A framework for the analysis of attacks against social tagging systems

Social tagging systems provide an open platform for users to share and annotate their resources such as photos and URLs. Due to their open nature, however, these systems present a security problem. Malicious users may try to distort the system’s behavior by inserting erroneous or misleading annotations, thus altering the way in which information is presented to legitimate users. This paper addresses the problem of modeling attacks against social tagging systems and evaluating their impact on the systems’ behavior. Gaining a fundamental understanding of the nature and impact of such attacks will hopefully lead to more secure and robust social Web applications. We present the dimensions that characterize an attack and outline a framework to model the attacks based on various navigation channels and target elements. Using our framework we classify and identify different types of potential attack strategies against a social tagging system. We implement two of our attack models and evaluate their impact on retrieval algorithms commonly used by tagging systems.
Mastering Resilience in Oncology: Learn to Thrive in the Face of Burnout

Oncology clinician burnout has become a noteworthy issue in medical oncology directly affecting the quality of patient care, patient satisfaction, and overall organizational success. Due to the increasing demands on clinical time, productivity, and the evolving medical landscape, the oncology clinician is at significant risk for burnout. Long hours in direct care with seriously ill patients/families, limited control over daily responsibilities, and endless electronic documentation, place considerable professional and personal demands on the oncologist. As a result, the oncology clinician's wellness is adversely impacted. Physical/emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of ineffectiveness evolve as core signs of burnout. Unaddressed burnout may affect cancer clinician relationships with their patients, the quality of care delivered, and the overall physical and emotional health of the clinician. Oncology clinicians should be encouraged to build upon their strengths, thrive in the face of adversity and stress, and learn to positively adapt to the changing cancer care system. Fostering individual resilience is a key protective factor against the development of and managing burnout. Empowering clinicians at both the individual and organizational level with tailored resilience strategies is crucial to ensuring clinician wellness. Resilience interventions may include: burnout education, work-life balance, adjustment of one's relationship to work, mindful practice, and acceptance of the clinical work environment. Health care organizations must act to provide institutional solutions through the implementation of: team-based oncology care, communication skills training, and effective resiliency training programs in order to mitigate the effects of stress and prevent burnout in oncology.
Structure and Functional Domains of Human Apolipoprotein B-100: A Strategy to Elucidate the Structure Information of a Large Protein

Apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 is the major protein constituent in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and is the ligand recognized by the LDL receptor (Brown and Goldstein 1986). It is thus an important determinant that regulates LDL metabolism. Elevated plasma levels of LDL-apo B are strongly associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (Gordon and Kannel 1972).
A pythonic approach for rapid hardware prototyping and instrumentation

We introduce PyRTL, a Python embedded hardware design language that helps concisely and precisely describe digital hardware structures. Rather than attempt to infer a good design via HLS, PyRTL provides a wrapper over a well-defined "core" set of primitives in a way that empowers digital hardware design teaching and research. The proposed system takes advantage of the programming language features of Python to allow interesting design patterns to be expressed succinctly, and encourage the rapid generation of tooling and transforms over a custom intermediate representation. We describe PyRTL as a language, its core semantics, the transform generation interface, and explore its application to several different design patterns and analysis tools. Also, we demonstrate the integration of PyRTL-generated hardware overlays into Xilinx PYNQ platform. The resulting system provides an almost "pure" pythonic experience for the prototyping and evaluation of FPGA-based SoCs.
Analysis of the Capsule Synthesis Locus, A Virulence Factor in Group B Streptococci

The capsule of GBS is an important virulence factor for Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS). The genes responsible for capsule production were first identified by transposon mutagenesis which generated several acapsular and asialo mutants1. Subsequently, the DNA flanking the sites of insertion was then cloned and sequenced. One such insertion site occurred within a 2.8 kb Eco RI fragment, which contained three open reading frames designated cpsABC. In this study, we continue the characterization of theis region by targetted mutagenesis of each of these genes and transcriptional analyisis. Additionally, we also describe two new genes upstream of cpsA which may play a role in capsule production.
The Inaugural Austin Archives Bazaar: Cross-Repository Outreach in Central Texas

Inspired by the successful Annual Los Angeles Archives Bazaar (now in its ninth year), and born out of the brainstorming of the Archivists of Central Texas, the Austin Archives Bazaar took place on Sunday, October 19, 2014. This public outreach event featured 22 Central Texas archives showing off highlights of their collections. It also included archival film (with footage of Austin dating back to the 1910s), an oral history booth, a historical reenactment photography studio, a hands-on preservation station, and lightning talks by professional archivists, as well as food and drinks. The Austin Archives Bazaar represents a new way of marketing archives to the general public in Central Texas. The organizing committee has not only secured the participation of 22 area archives, ranging from the giant Texas AM its early planning stages; how organizers secured funding and created their marketing plan; and an interview with Austin Archives Bazaar Chair, Jennifer Hecker, Digital Archives Access Strategist at the University of Texas Libraries.
Scapular Body Fracture in the Athlete: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundScapular body fractures generally occur as a result of high-energy, direct trauma to the shoulder sustained in automobile accidents. While such mechanisms have been well described, little...
Who desires in-group neighbors? Associations of skin tone biases and discrimination with Latinas’ segregation preferences:

Although racial residential segregation and colorism, independently, strongly shape the lives of Latinas, previous studies rarely bridged both lines of research directly. This paper begins to fill ...
Growth and survival of Bacillus cereus from spores in cooked rice – One-step dynamic analysis and predictive modeling

Abstract Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming foodborne pathogen that can produce toxins causing emetic or diarrheal intoxication. Food poisoning caused by B. cereus is a significant public health concern as it is frequently associated with the consumption of starch-based food products, which are a staple food worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth and survival of B. cereus in cooked rice under changing temperatures between 1 and 48 °C. A one-step dynamic analysis was used to directly construct a tertiary model to describe the growth and survival of B. cereus and estimate the kinetic parameters. The results of one-step dynamic analysis showed that the minimum, optimum, and maximum growth temperatures were 8.2, 37.6, and 46.8 °C, respectively, with an optimal specific growth rate of 2.21 ln CFU/g/h or 0.96 log CFU/g/h. These parameters agreed well with the reported typical growth kinetics of this microorganism. In addition, this study found that the populations of B. cereus decreased gradually at the rate of 1.21 × 10−3 ln CFU/g/h per °C or 1.2 × 10−3 log CFU/g/h per °C below the minimum growth temperature. The tertiary model was validated using three dynamic growth and survival curves. The results showed that the root-mean-square-error of the predictions was 0.5 log CFU/g, suggesting that the model is reasonably accurate in predicting the growth of B. cereus in cooked rice. The results of this study can be used to predict the growth and survival of B. cereus and assess its risk in cooked rice or other starch-based products exposed to a relatively wide temperature range during manufacturing and distribution.
Chromosomal Microarrays and Exome Sequencing for Diagnosis of Fetal Abnormalities

Abstract The G-banded karyotype has been the mainstay of prenatal diagnostic analysis for more than half a century. Two new approaches to genomic evaluation of the fetus have recently been introduced into prenatal testing. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) has a diagnostic resolution about 100 times that of karyotyping and has revealed submicroscopic clinically significant copy number variants (CNVs) in approximately 6% of fetuses with structural anomalies and in 1.2%–1.7% of structurally normal pregnancies sampled for advanced maternal age, positive screening, or maternal anxiety. Whole exome sequencing (WES) can identify a single altered base pair and adds an incremental diagnostic rate of about 14% in fetuses with structural anomalies when the karyotype and CMA are normal. The interpretation of CMA and WES data requires considerable experience and reporting of results needs to be done in the context of professional society guidelines. Genetic counseling is an integral part of offering these two new technologies.
Digital Transformation at Royal Philips

In 2017, Philips' goal was to use innovation to improve the lives of three billion people a year by 2025. To achieve that, the company was shifting from selling medical products in a transactional manner to providing integrated healthcare solutions based on digital health technology. Based on our interviews with 23 executives at Philips, the case examines the two directions of the transformation required by this shift: externally, Philips worked on transforming how healthcare was conducted. Healthcare professionals would have to change the way they worked and reimbursement schemes needed to change to incentivize payers, providers, and patients in vastly different ways. Internally, Philips needed to redesign how its employees worked. The company componentized its business, introduced digital platforms, and co-created integrated solutions with the various stakeholders of the healthcare industry. In other words: Philips was transforming itself in order the reinvent healthcare in the digital age.
Experiences of Discrimination and Sexual Behaviors: An Examination of Motives as Potential Psychological Mediators

AbstractObjectives: We investigated three psychological mechanisms that may underlie the associations between discrimination and sexual activity: emotion regulation, autonomy restoration, and intim...
Managing Human Conflicts

Discovering ways to manage human conflicts over food, energy, and water is critical. While potential or actual conflicts often cannot be solved, they can be better managed through tools ranging from negotiation and community engagement to mediation and formal treaty making. This chapter provides case studies of example conflicts and several tools that can be used to manage them.
Neurobiologically Inspired Self-Monitoring Systems

In this article, we explore neurobiological principles that could be deployed in systems requiring self-preservation, adaptive control, and contextual awareness. We start with low-level control for sensor processing and motor reflexes. We then discuss how critical it is at an intermediate level to maintain homeostasis and predict system set points. We end with a discussion at a high level, or cognitive level, where planning and prediction can further monitor the system and optimize performance. We emphasize the information flow between these levels both from a systems neuroscience and an engineering point of view. Throughout the article, we describe the brain systems that carry out these functions and provide examples from artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics which include these features. Our goal is to show how biological organisms performing self-monitoring can inspire the design of autonomous and embedded systems.
Sense of community responsibility at the forefront of crisis management

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that a sense of community responsibility is crucial to mitigate the effects of viral spread. Many citizens across the world have heeded the call to isolate a...
The Deviant Prison: Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary and the Origins of America's Modern Penal System, 1829–1913

Early nineteenth-century American prisons followed one of two dominant models: the Auburn system, in which prisoners performed factory-style labor by day and were placed in solitary confinement at night, and the Pennsylvania system, where prisoners faced 24-hour solitary confinement for the duration of their sentences. By the close of the Civil War, the majority of prisons in the United States had adopted the Auburn system - the only exception was Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary, making it the subject of much criticism and a fascinating outlier. Using the Eastern State Penitentiary as a case study, The Deviant Prison brings to light anxieties and other challenges of nineteenth-century prison administration that helped embed our prison system as we know it today. Drawing on organizational theory and providing a rich account of prison life, the institution, and key actors, Ashley T. Rubin examines why Eastern's administrators clung to what was increasingly viewed as an outdated and inhuman model of prison - and what their commitment tells us about penal reform in an era when prisons were still new and carefully scrutinized.
Research skills, perceptions and attitudes of incoming MBA students

Research on library-related perceptions and attitudes of MBA students is lacking, leading the authors of this article to survey a cohort of incoming MBA students at Arizona State University. The su...
Optimal CD4T Cell Priming in Lymph Nodes Requires Repertoire Scanning by CD301b+ Migratory cDC2 Cells

Activation of CD4T cells by conventional dendritic cells (cDC) is pivotal in adaptive immunity. However, while the activation mechanism of antigen-specific CD4T cells has been extensively studied, the cellular mechanism that leads to the selection of cognate CD4T cell clones out of the polyclonal pool is incompletely understood. Here, we show that, in the reactive lymph nodes, newly homed naive polyclonal CD4T cells are temporarily retained before leaving the lymph node. This stop-and-go traffic of CD4T cells provides an adequate time window for efficient scanning and timely priming of antigen-specific clones. Mechanistically, upon immunization, CD301b+ DCs, a major subset of migratory cDC2 cells, quickly migrate to the draining lymph node and settle in the areas near the high endothelial venules, where they retain incoming polyclonal CD4T cells through MHCII-dependent but antigen-independent mechanisms while concurrently providing cognate stimuli to prime antigen-specific CD4T cells. These results indicate that CD301b+ DCs function as an immunological "display window" for CD4T cells to efficiently scan their antigen specificity. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=150 SRC="FIGDIR/small/276410v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (49K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1525ffborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11b858dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1dd0424org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13af423_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LINewly homed polyclonal CD4T cells are temporarily retained in the reactive lymph nodes. C_LIO_LIDepletion of CD301b+ DCs results in shorter dwell time of CD4T cells in the draining lymph node and delayed priming of antigen-specific clones. C_LIO_LIThe transient retention of polyclonal CD4T cells in the draining lymph node requires MHCII expression on CD301b+ DCs but not cognate antigen. C_LIO_LICD301b+ DCs are required for robust expansion of rare antigen-specific CD4T cell clones and their skewing toward Th2 cells. C_LI
Including and Excluding Volunteers: Challenges of Managing Groups That Depend on Donated Talent

Community movements and local organizations often begin with talented and committed people who believe enough in some cause or change that they push for action. Everyone has a story about how founders and initiators seized opportunities to make something happen. If these efforts survive in the form of a program or organization, chances are that their founding stories become legends passed on to others. Just as people have unique stories, so do the local groups and organizations that were spawned by persons committed to creating something new and different. These persons often begin as volunteers who rise to the occasion. And in order to pursue their cause, they often have to mobilize other volunteers in order to move forward.
On (k ⊕ l/q)-dimensional supermanifolds

We define a (kl|q)-dimensional supermanifold as a manifold having q odd coordinates and k + l even coordinates with l of them taking only nilpotent values. We show that this notion can be used to formulate superconformal field theories with different number of supersymmetries in holomorphic and antiholomorphic sectors.
Learning Team Muda Audit

This case describes the meetings and development of a fictitious learning team at the Darden School of Business at the University of Virginia. The purpose is to give students the opportunity to perform a waste audit on the learning processes of this team. The case gives students the opportunity to identify muda, non-value added activities, in a non-manufacturing environment. The case can be used in an operations course with the focus on process improvement and/or an organizational behavior course focused on personal time management and working in teams. Excerpt UVA-OM-1688 Apr. 14, 2020 Learning Team Muda Audit The Case Method at Darden The Darden School of Business at the University of Virginia (Darden), a top-ranked graduate business school located in Charlottesville, Virginia, utilized a heavily case-based approach to learning. Almost every class session (generally 90 minutes long) featured a full-length business case study and often a short explanatory article, or technical note. People unfamiliar with the case method might mistakenly assume that a business case study was simply an interesting real-world contextual example that allowed students to explore the practical implications of a business concept or framework. It was true that the use of case studies did provide real-world examples of the business topics being studied. But the case method offered something in addition that was far more preparatory than simply a good example in context—classroom replication of the leadership struggle to make sound decisions in the absence of definitive information. Most case studies were told from the perspective of a protagonist, who was generally an individual tasked with evaluating options for a business decision with potentially very different outcomes. In order to "solve" the case (or come as close as possible—sometimes there was no correct answer), students had to closely read the case study as well as any supplementary material, and be prepared to provide an analysis and recommendation on the best path forward. The persuasiveness and confidence with which students were able to present their views was another key component of the case method, since business leaders in the real world were generally successful only to the degree to which they could communicate with and convince others to support their decisions and visions for the future. . . .
Online single-session interventions for Kenyan adolescents: study protocol for a comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial.

Background Mental health problems are the leading cause of disability among adolescents worldwide, yet access to treatment is limited. Brief digital interventions have been shown to improve youth mental health, but little is known about which digital interventions are most effective. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of two digital single-session interventions (Shamiri-Digital and Digital-CBT (cognitive-behavioural therapy)) among Kenyan adolescents. Methods We will perform a school-based comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial. Approximately 926 Kenyan adolescents will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Shamiri-Digital (focused on gratitude, growth mindsets and values), Digital-CBT (focused on behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring and problem solving) or a study-skills control condition (focused on note-taking and essay writing skills). The primary outcomes include depressive symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-8), anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener-7) and subjective well-being (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale). The secondary outcomes include acceptability, appropriateness, primary control and secondary control. Acceptability and appropriateness will be measured immediately post-intervention; other outcomes will be measured 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-intervention. Results We hypothesise that adolescents assigned to Shamiri-Digital and adolescents assigned to Digital-CBT will experience greater improvements (assessed via hierarchical linear models) than those assigned to the control group. We will also compare Shamiri-Digital with Digital-CBT, although we do not have a preplanned hypothesis. Conclusions Our findings will help us evaluate two digital single-session interventions with different theoretical foundations. If effective, such interventions could be disseminated to reduce the public health burden of common mental health problems. Trial registration number PACTR202011691886690.
Findings from A Qualitative Preceptor Development Needs Assessment to Inform Program Design and Effectiveness.

Objective. To describe preceptor teaching challenges and preceptor development programming design preferences through a qualitative needs assessment. Methods. In 2018, 148 experiential education stakeholders across North Carolina (eg, preceptors, residency program directors, experiential faculty administrators, and practice site administrators) were invited to participate in 60-minute semi-structured interviews as part of a broad preceptor development needs assessment. Interview questions focused on: (1) precepting challenges, (2) positive and negative features of preceptor development programs and, (3) preferences of program design. Interview transcripts were coded using thematic analysis. Results. Forty-two participants completed interviews, including preceptors from various rotation types, residency program directors, experiential faculty administrators, and institution administrators. Participants identified numerous teaching challenges related to learner, preceptor, and institutional levels. Example responses from these groups included challenging teaching and learning situations, difficulty self-assessing teaching ability, and increasing institutional demands, respectively. Participants often noted there was inadequate time, resources, and support to effectively teach. Desirable preceptor development program features included practical strategies, collaboration with preceptors, delivery by education and practice experts, and topics specific to precepting experience. Participants identified live, on-demand, and webinar formats as acceptable if collaboration and engagement were included. Participants also desired unique training opportunities such as online platforms, coaching programs, and simulated learning environments. Conclusion. Preceptors face numerous teaching challenges and require sufficient time, support, and resources to develop their skills. Participants requested training that included on-demand, frequent sessions delivered through various modalities, collaboration opportunities, a choice in topics and delivery formats, and sessions from educational and practice experts.
Uncovered sets

This paper covers the theory of the uncovered set used in the literatures on tournaments and spatial voting. I discern three main extant definitions, and I introduce two concepts that bound existing sets from above and below: the deep uncovered set and the shallow uncovered set. In a general topological setting, I provide relationships to other solutions and give results on existence and external stability for all of the covering concepts, and I establish continuity properties of the two new uncovered sets. Of note, I characterize each of the uncovered sets in terms of a decomposition into choices from externally stable sets, and I define the minimal generalized covering solution, a nonempty refinement of the deep uncovered set that employs both of the new relations.
Hugging with a Shower Curtain: Older Adults' Social Support Realities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic led to dire consequences globally, and it has been particularly challenging for older adults. They are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes of the disease \citecdc_covid. Older adults also use less technology than other age groups \citetech_old, so they mostly rely on in-person interactions and services for social support. However, disease mitigation efforts such as social distancing and self-quarantining severely limited in-person interactions, hindering older adults' social support during the COVID-19 crisis. In this paper, we present findings on social support realities from semi-structured interviews with older adults (N=15) living alone in community dwellings. We found that older adults' support roles, support sources, and support concerns evolve as they passed through this time of sweeping change. They are enthusiastic about providing support to people who are older and more vulnerable than themselves. At the same time, their needs for safety, autonomy, and independence create tensions around social support. We propose a framework to illustrate the evolving ecology of social support that can facilitate the holistic design of socio-technical support systems for older adults. We argue against the societal portrayal of older adults as vulnerable individuals. Rather, there is an opportunity to design support systems considering them as anchors in society. Towards that goal, we present design implications for future socio-technical support systems to empower older adults to age in place during a crisis.