cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Antidepressants be Used to Tame Psychological Symptoms of PMS

Up to 80% of women of reproductive age experience physical and behavioral changes premenstrually. However, these changes are predominantly normal and most often do not result in disabling distress or functional impairment. Still, 20% to 40% of women do experience premenstrual disorders. For 2% to 10% of women, the symptoms are severe enough to impair work and interpersonal relationships. Only in recent years has there been significant recognition and research of the problem. Diagnostic criteria are now evolving, and well-designed studies of treatment efficacy are providing greatly improved treatment information. No single treatment is effective for all women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), although most women can be helped with careful diagnosis and a systematic approach to potential therapies. The overlap between PMS and atypical depression--in which emotional hypersensitivity, increased anxiety, irritability, and food cravings predominate--is particularly notable. Both disorders are believed to involve the serotonin system, which accumulating evidence shows to have a role in modulating mood and behavior. Results of various preliminary studies that examined markers and activity of the serotonin system are consistent with the hypothesis that abnormalities in central serotonergic activity may be involved in PMS. Clinical studies suggest that approximately 60% to 70% of women who have undergone a careful diagnostic evaluation of severe PMS report significant symptom reduction with the serotonergic antidepressants, although as yet there are no drugs with FDA approval for the indication of PMS. Continued research is essential to confirm and expand the pharmacologic treatments for PMS and to increase understanding of this complex disorder.
Airway Management for an Adult Epiglottic Abscess

Awake intubation is frequently described in the literature as the preferred method for securing the airway in adult patients with epiglottitis, whereas children with epiglottitis are usually intubated following an inhalational induction. However, if topicalization is difficult due to the presence of an abscess or an uncooperative patient, an inhalational induction may still be a reasonable approach in the adult patient. In a review of the literature, only one recent case report had been found describing an inhalational induction with video laryngoscopy. However, this attempt was unsuccessful, mandating the need for a surgical airway. Our case report describes a successful inhalational induction and video laryngoscope intubation without the use of a paralytic agent in an adult patient with an epiglottic abscess and moderate airway stenosis.
Temporal Variability in the Vertical Separation Distance of Septic System Drainfields Along the Southern Rhode Island Coast

Many coastal communities rely on individual onsite wastewater treatment (i.e., septic) systems to treat and disperse wastewater. Proper wastewater treatment in these systems depends on sufficient volume of unsaturated soil below the drainfield’s infiltrative surface. This is governed by the vertical separation distance—the distance between the groundwater table and the drainfield infiltrative surface—which is specified in (regulatory jurisdictions’ onsite wastewater system) regulations. Groundwater tables along the southern New England coast are rising due to sea-level rise, as well as changes in precipitation and water use patterns, which may compromise the functioning of existing septic systems. We used long-term shallow groundwater monitoring wells and ground-penetrating radar surveys of 10 drainfields in the southern Rhode Island coastal zone to determine whether septic system drainfields have adequate separation distance from the water table. Our results indicate that only 20% of tested systems are not impaired by elevated groundwater tables, while 40% of systems experience compromised separation distance at least 50% of the time. Surprisingly, 30% of systems in this study do not meet separation distance requirements at any time of the year. Neither age of system nor a system’s geographical relationship to a tidal water body was correlated with compromised separation distance. The observed compromised separation distances may be a result of inaccurate methods, specified by the regulations, to determine the height of the seasonal high water table. Our preliminary results suggest that enacting changes in the regulatory permitting process for coastal zone systems may help protect coastal drinking and surface water resources.
Margins as Methods, Margins as Ethics: A Feminist Framework for Studying Online Alterity:

Prevailing theories of marginalized media position the work of resistance as beneath or less than the institutions against which resistance works, raising a number of methodological and ethical cha...
Subtropical to temperate late Neogene to Quaternary planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy across the Kuroshio Current Extension, Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean

Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphic zonation schemes are critical for providing first-order relative age control in deep-sea sediments and provide the basis on which to interpret evolutionary dynamics through time. Over the previous decades, the majority of published biostratigraphic zonation schemes focused on the tropical regions of the world. The mid-latitude or temperate regions, especially of the northwest Pacific, have been understudied in terms of recording plankton occurrences. Lack of detailed biostratigraphic studies have largely left out this region from plankton evolutionary analyses, thus how this part of the world ocean, which is characterized by the Kuroshio Current Extension (KCE), may contribute to global plankton biodiversity is unknown. In this study, we present the first magnetostratigraphically-calibrated late Neogene to Quaternary (15.12-0 Ma) planktic foraminiferal zonation schemes from the northwest Pacific for three Ocean Drilling Program Leg 198 holes (1207A, 1208A, and 1209A) that span the KCE. We utilize previously published warm subtropical, cool subtropical, and temperate zonation schemes from the southwest Pacific, with modifications. We find examples of significant diachroneity among primary marker taxa used to construct biozones at the three northwest Pacific sites, which ranges from 0.075 to 2.29 million years. Comparison of our primary datum markers with those of the tropical planktic foraminiferal zonation scheme also reveal diachroneity on the scale of 0.022 to 4.8 million years. We have identified times of intense dissolution in the northwest Pacific, namely in the middle to late Miocene that likely contribute to the observed diachroneity of datums. This study highlights the need for regionally specific mid-latitude biostratigraphic zonation schemes, as diachronous datums and differing assemblages may be hallmarks of oceanic ecotones created by major boundary current systems. These data also provide a framework to characterize local plankton evolutionary dynamics and paleobiogeographic patterns in future studies.
Detection of Premature Ventricular Complexes using Semisupervised Autoencoders and Random Forests

In this paper, we propose a technique for detection of premature ventricular complexes (PVC) based on information obtained from single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. A combination of semisupervised autoencoders and Random Forests models are used for feature extraction and PVC detection. The ECG signal is first denoised using Stationary Wavelet Transforms and denoising convolutional autoencoders. Following this, PVC classification is performed. Individual ECG beat segments along with features derived from three consecutive beats are used to train a hybrid autoencoder network to learn class-specific beat encodings. These encodings, along with the beat-triplet features, are then input to a Random Forests classifier for final PVC classification. Results: The performance of our algorithm was evaluated on ECG records in the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB) and the St. Petersburg INCART Database (INCARTDB). Our algorithm achieves a sensitivity of 92.67% and a PPV of 95.58% on the MITDB database. Similarly, a sensitivity of 88.08% and a PPV of 94.76% are achieved on the INCARTDB database.
Educational leaders and the professional doctorate dissertation: an analysis of leaders’ interests within the educational leadership corpus

Educational leadership scholarship, research on school individuals at the helm of achieving school goals, is well documented. However, less is known regarding educational leaders’ research in profe...
Synthesis, identification, biological activity and anti-cancer activity Studies of Hetrocyclic Ligand Azo-schiff Base with Au(III) Complex

This research involved preparation of 2-((E)-(1H-benzo.[d]imidazol-2-yl).diazenyl)-4-(((4-bromophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol and Au(III) complex which was prepared by mixing solution of metal salt with ligand solution at mole ratio[ M:L] 1:1 . Compounds prepared were identified by FT- IR,, elemental analyses (C.H.N). Molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility UV-Visb. The biological activity of the compounds prepared were examined against the susceptible organisms Streptococcus, (Gram. Positive) and Escherichia coli ,(Gram .negative), as antibacterial and Penicillium. Sp and Aspergillus Niger as antifungal, The prepared compounds checked for anti-cancer activity; activity of anti-tumor against of breast cancer for human
PowerSynth-Guided Reliability Optimization of Multi-Chip Power Module

High-performance Multi-Chip Power Modules (MCPMs) are essential for high-density and efficient power conversion. Meanwhile, the chip layout and design methodology fundamentally determine thermal and reliability performance. Hign-density power modules typically consist of wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor die, soldering materials, baseplate, and heatsink packed on a single substrate. To a great extent, the reliability of power modules depends on these material electrothermal-mechanical properties during variable operating conditions. Appropriate thermal management can reduce stress and enhance the component lifetime by controlling junction temperature. In this work, a fast, generic, and scalable transient thermal model has been developed for the PowerSynth layout synthesis tool to optimize layer material, thickness, and layer stack configurations by minimizing thermal stress due to thermal cycling. This model has shown approximately 3,489 times speed up with less than 10% mismatch compared to ANSYS simulation. A PowerSynth-guided design-for-reliability computer-aided design (CAD) flow is presented to optimize both the layer stack and the layout simultaneously.
Animal Models of Human Inflammatory Skin Diseases

PART I. COMPARATIVE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN Comparative Structure and Function of the Skin: Overview of Structures and Components Comparative Structure and Function of the Skin: Epithelial Basement Membrane Zone PART II. COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Human Immune System Canine Immune System Rat Immune System Mouse Immune System PART III. IMMUNE PRIVILEGE AND SKIN INFLAMMATION Immune Privilege of the Eye Theory of Immune Privilege of the Hair Follicle PART IV. METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELING Passive Transfer and Active Induction of Autoimmune Diseases Adoptive Transfer of Cellular Immunity Molecular Biological Manipulation of the Immune System by Transgenic Techniques PART V. INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE MODELS Section A. Bullous Pemphigoid Natural Bullous Pemphigoid in Companion Animals Experimental Mouse Model of Bullous Pemphigoid: Passive Transfer of Anti-type XVII Collagen Antibodies Section B. Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita Spontaneous Canine Model of Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita Section C. Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Spontaneous Canine Model of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Experimental Mouse Model of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Passive Transfer of Anti-laminin 5 Antibodies Section D. Pemphigus Vulgaris Spontaneous Canine Model of Pemphigus Vulgaris Experimental Mouse Model of Pemphigus Vulgaris: Passive Transfer of Desmoglein-targeting Antibodies Experimental Mouse Model of Pemphigus Vulgaris: Passive Transfer of Nondesmoglein 1 & 3 Antibodies Section E. Pemphigus Foliaceus Spontaneous Canine Model of Pemphigus Foliaceus Experimental Mouse Model of Pemphigus Foliaceus: Passive Transfer of Desmoglein-targeting Antibodies Section F. Psoriasis Experimental Chimeric SCID Mouse/Human Skin Model of Psoriasis: Induction by Transfer of Cellular Immunity Experimental Mouse Model of Psoriasis by Transgenic Expression of Integrin Section G. Atopic Dermatitis Spontaneous Canine Model of Atopic Dermatitis Spontaneous Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis in the NC/Nga Mice Experimental Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis by Transgenic Expression of Cytokine Experimental Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis: Induction by Oral Allergen Experimental Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis: Induction by Epicutaneous Application of Allergen Section H. Alopecia Areata Spontaneous and Experimental Skin Graft Transfer Mouse Model of Alopecia Areata Spontaneous Rat Model of Alopecia Areata in the Dundee Experimental Bald Rat (DEBR) Spontaneous Canine Model of Alopecia Areata Experimental Chimeric SCID Mouse/Human Skin Model of Alopecia Areata: Induction by Transfer of Cellular Immunity Section I. Scleroderma Spontaneous Mouse Model of Scleroderma Experimental Mouse Model of Scleroderma/Graft vs. Host Disease: Induction by Transfer of Cellular Immunity Experimental Mouse Model of Scleroderma: Induction by Bleomycin
Roman Law and the Legal World of the Romans

In this book, Andrew Riggsby offers a survey of the main areas of Roman law, both substantive and procedural, and how the legal world interacted with the rest of Roman life. Emphasising basic concepts, he recounts its historical development and focuses in particular on the later Republic and early centuries of the Roman Empire. The volume is designed as an introductory work, with brief chapters that will be accessible to college students with little knowledge of legal matters or Roman antiquity. The text is also free of technical language and Latin terminology. It can be used in courses on Roman law, Roman history, or comparative law, but it will also serve as a useful reference for more advanced students and scholars.
GPP-Pro: Um Protótipo para Apoiar a Implantação de Processos de Gerência de Portfólio de Projetos

Deploying quality software processes is not an easy work. Even adopting software quality standards such as ISO 9001, CMMI and MPS.BR, and supported by expert consulting, many organizations have difficulties to understand, define and appropriately apply the desired software processes. Tool support is fundamental for this purpose. This paper presents GPP-Pro, a prototype to assist the deployment of Project Portfolio Management processes, from definition to institutionalization.
U.S. NRC Embrittlement Data Base (EDB)

Large amounts of data obtained from surveillance capsules and test reactor experiments are needed, comprising many different materials and different irradiation conditions, to develop generally applicable damage prediction models that can be used for industry standards and regulatory guides. Version 1 of the Embrittlement Data Base (EDB) [I] is such a comprehensive collection of such data resulting from the merging of the Power Reactor Embrittlement Data Base (PR-EDB) [2] and the Test Reactor Embrittlement Data Base (TR-EDB) [3]. Fracture toughness data were also integrated into Version 1 of the EDB. The EDB data files are in dBASE format and can be accessed with a personal computer using the DOS or WINDOWS operating system. A utility program has been written to investigate radiation embrittlement using this data base. The utility program is used to retrieve and select specific data, manipulate data, display data to the screen or printer, and to tit and plot Charpy impact data.
Boston Naming Test

Although in clinical use for approximately 30 years (Kaplan, Goodglass, & Weintraub, 1978, 1983), the Boston Naming Test (BNT) continues to enjoy wide appeal and wide acceptance as the premier visual confrontational naming test for use in clinical (i.e., Alzheimer's Disease, stroke) and nonclinical populations (i.e., children, young adults). The BNT assesses visual naming ability via the use of black and white line drawings, and its appeal is reflected in translations into several languages (e.g., Chinese, Jamaican, Korean, Spanish, and French) and the development of various short forms of the original 85 item test (e.g., 60-, 30- and 15-item versions) that retain its original validity and reliability and continued ease of use, scoring, and interpretation of various neuropsychological processes related to language usage and language ability. As with other neuropsychological tests that have endured for so many years, the BNT enjoys a rich database of the effects of various demographic variables as well as extensive normative data across a wide age range (Strauss, Sherman, & Spreen, 2006). Keywords: word naming; neuropsychology; assessment
Fun with sub-linear time algorithms

Provided that one is willing to use randomness and to tolerate an approximate answer, many computational problems admit ultrafast algorithms that run in less than linear time in the length of the input. In many interesting cases, even algorithms that run in constant time are known, whose efficiency depends only on the accuracy of the approximation and not on the length of the inputs. Algorithms for graph problems on dense graphs are especially efficient and simple. I will describe an algorithm that estimates the size of the maximum cut in a dense graph, and its specialization to the task of distinguishing bipartite dense graphs from dense graphs that are "far from bipartite." Results "explaining" the simplicity of such algorithms will also be discussed. Some sublinear-time algorithms are also known for graph problems in sparse graphs, but they are typically more elaborate. I will describe a simple but very clever algorithm that approximates the number of connected components of a given graph, and its generalization to the problem of approximating the weight of the minimum spanning tree of a given weighted graph. The algorithm runs in time dependent only on the maximum degree, the required quality of approximation, and the range of weights, but the running time is independent of the number of vertices.
Steganalysis using partially ordered Markov models

The field of steganalysis has blossomed prolifically in the past few years, providing the community with a number of very good blind steganalyzers. Features for blind steganalysis are generated in many different ways, typically using statistical measures. This paper presents a new image modeling technique for steganalysis that uses as features the conditional probabilities described by a stochastic model called a partially ordered Markov model (POMM). The POMM allows concise modeling of pixel dependencies among quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients. We develop a steganalyzer based on support vector machines that distinguishes between cover and stego JPEG images using 98 POMM features. We show that the proposed steganalyzer outperforms two comparative Markov-based steganalyzers [25,6] and outperforms a third steganalyzer [23] on half of the tested classes, by testing our approach with many different image databases on five embedding algorithms, with a total of 20,000 images.
Abortion and the concept of a person.

The abortion debate rages on. Yet the two most popular positions seem to be clearly mistaken. Conservatives maintain that a human life begins at conception and that therefore abortion must be wrong because it is murder. But not all killings of humans are murders. Most notably, self defense may justify even the killing of an innocent person. Liberals, on the other hand, are just as mistaken in their argument that since a fetus does not become a person until birth, a woman may do whatever she pleases in and to her own body. First, you cannot do as you please with your own body if it affects other people adversely. Second, if a fetus is not a person, that does not imply that you can do to it anything you wish. Animals, for example, are not persons, yet to kill or torture them for no reason at all is wrong.
Effect of unweighting on skeletal muscle use during exercise

Exercise-induced spin-spin relaxation time (T2) shifts in magnetic resonance (MR) images were used to test the hypothesis that more muscle would be used to perform a given submaximal task after 5 wk of unweighting. Before and after unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), 7 subjects performed 5 sets of 10 unilateral concentric actions with the quadriceps femoris muscle group (QF) at each of 4 loads: 25, 40, 55, and 70% of maximum. T2-weighted MR images of the thigh were collected at rest and after each relative load. ULLS elicited a 20% decrease in strength of the left unweighted QF and a 14% decrease in average cross-sectional area (CSA) with no changes in the right weight-bearing QF. Average CSA of the left or right QF showing exercise-induced T2 shift increased as a function of exercise intensity both before and after ULLS. On average, 12 +/- 1, 15 +/- 2, 18 +/- 2, and 22 +/- 1 cm2 of either QF showed elevated T2 for the 25, 40, 55, and 70% loads, respectively, before ULLS. Average CSA of the left but not the right QF, showing elevated T2 after ULLS, was increased to 16 +/- 2, 23 +/- 3, 31 +/- 7, and 39 +/- 5 cm2, respectively. The results indicated that unweighting increased exercise-induced T2 shift in MR images, presumably due to greater muscle mass involvement in exercise after than before unweighting, suggesting a change in motor control.
Sound Produced by Large Area-Ratio Nozzles During Fixed and Transient Operations

Analysis of the acoustic signature produced by truncated ideal contour and thrust-optimized parabolic nozzles is conducted during both fixed and transient (startup) operations. The truncated ideal contour nozzle experiences free-shock separation flow, whereas the thrust-optimized parabolic nozzle experiences both free-shock separation and restricted-shock separation flow states during startup. This study provides a direct comparison of the acoustic signature produced during free-shock separation and restricted-shock separation flow states while operating under identical nozzle pressure ratios. During a transient episode, the continuous wavelet transform is used to compare the acoustic signatures produced by the nozzles. The truncated ideal contour nozzle demonstrates a gradual increase in broadband frequency energy with increasing nozzle pressure ratio and with broadband shock noise appearing at higher nozzle pressure ratios. The thrust-optimized parabolic nozzle, however, displays a much larger sensitivi...
Illumination by floodlights

Abstract We consider three problems about the illumination of planar regions with floodlights of prescribed angles. Problem 1 is the decision problem: given a wedge W of angle φ ≤ π, n points p1, …, pn in the plane and n angles α1, …, αn such that Σi=1n αi ≤ θ, decide whether W can be illuminated by floodlights of angles α1, …, αn placed in some order at the points p1, …, pn and then rotated appropriately. We show that this problem is the exponential time and a specialized version of it (when φ = θ) is in NP. The second problem arises when the n points are in the complementary wedge of W and θ ≥ φ. Bose et al. have shown that a solution exists and gave an O(n log n) algorithm to place the floodlights. Here we give a matching lower bound. Problem 3 involves the illumination of the whole plane. The algorithm of Bose et al. uses an O(n log n) tripartitioning algorithm to reduce problem 3 to problem 2. We give a linear time tripartitioning algorithm of independent interest.
Self-Configuring Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for Chemical Pattern Recognition

Construction of radial basis function neural networks (RBFN) involves selection of radial basis function centroid, radius (width or scale), and number of radial basis function (RBF) units in the hidden layer. The K-means clustering algorithm is frequently used for selection of centroids and radii. However, with the K-means clustering algorithm, the number of RBF units is usually arbitrarily selected, which may lead to suboptimal performance of the neural network model. Besides, class membership and the related probability distribution are not considered. Linear averaging (L-A) was devised for selection of centroids and radii for the RBFs and computing the number of RBF units. The proposed method considers the class membership and localized probability density distribution of each class in the training sets. The parameters related to the network construction were investigated. The network was trained with the QuickProp algorithm (QP) or Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) algorithm and evaluated with the po...
Future of Artificial Organs; Therapeutic Artificial Organs

After 40 years of research on various types of artificial organs, artificial organs once considered to be impossible have now become realities. The implantation of total cardiac prostheses is now feasible and many patients have been successfully bridged to transplant with total and partial artificial hearts. The use of the artificial kidney is now widespread all over the world. Various surgical implants such as heart valves, vascular grafts, cardiac pacemakers, and ophthalmologic implants, orthopedic implants are now used routinely. With the current trend of an increasing older population and the extension of the average life span, the need of artificial organ technologies is increasing annually. Because prostheses or artificial organ applications are quite expensive, the expenses involved for these types of application are increasing at an alarming rate annually. In the past, the only traditional medical technologies applied were primarily drugs and surgery. There are still limitations today in preventing end stage organ failure despite the remarkable studies made in surgery, drug therapy and even more recently in biochemistry and immunology. Artificial organ technologies must not only be for end stage organ failure but they can be useful in prophylaxis. The role of artificial organ technologies in therapeutics is now being recognized. The removal of pathologic macromolecules by plasmapheresis technologies such as in various types of autoimmune diseases has been proven to slow down the disease processes and in some cases stop their progression. Studies on lipoprotein removal by extracorporeal technologies show that the process of atherosclerosis may be slowed or stopped and that regression of atherosclerotic lesions may be possible. It is believed that the future of artificial organs should not only be focused on the development of replacement organs, but also on the artificial organ technologies for therapeutic or preventative medicine. By applying aggressively these type of technologies, certainly the outcome of early end stage organ failure can be prevented and the needs for artificial hearts, artificial kidneys, orthopedic implants and various implantable artificial organs reduced.
Discoid lupus erythematosus of the lip and face

Lupus erythematosus (LE) includes a broadly defined group of related clinical illnesses that can affect the orofacial region. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a generally benign mucocutaneous disease, whereas systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) includes multisystem and organ involvement with significant mortality. Of intermediate severity, subacute LE (SCLE) often may share features found in both DLE and SLE.rm3 Although several different types of LE have been described, they all may have similar skin lesions. Ap proximately 20% to 30% of SLE patients and 15% to 20% of SCLE patients have discoid lesions sometime during their disease, most commonly involving the skin of the face and scalp. The discoid lesions appear as erythematous patches with scaling, telangiectasia, follicular plugging, atrophy, and scarring.4 Discoid lupus erythematosus also may include oral mucosal lesions in 3% to 20% of cases.’ Patients with DLE have minimal or absent systemic or serologic abnormalities, although it has been reported that 5% to 10% of patients eventually develop systemic manifestations.5 The following case report describes a patient with lip and facial lesions of DLE.
Dissociation of the mitotic spindle in oocytes exposed to griseofulvin and vinblastine

19. 20 phys acta 349 (1974) 214. Kay, J E, Ahern, T & Atkins, M, Biochim biophys acta 247 (1971) 322. Ahern, T & Kay, J E, Biochim biophys acta 331 (1973) 91. Ahern, T, Sampson, J & Kay, J E, Nature 248 (1974) 519. shaf&, D A, J biol them 249 (1974) 81. Nell, M&Burger, M M, J mol biol90(1974) 215. Martin, T E &Wool, I G, J mol biol 43 (1968) 135. Zvlber. E A & Penman. S. Biochim bioohvs acta 264 (1970) 221. . .
A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRONIC CONFINEMENT, COUPLING, AND TRANSLAYER INTERACTION IN NOBLE-METAL QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES

Noble-metal multilayer systems have been grown and examined with angle-resolved photoemission. Surface states, and single and double quantum wells have been studied experimentally; the results can be explained with a simple theoretical model based upon Bloch electrons. In this paper, we will present our model and then give a description of some experimental studies which utilize the model. In particular, we will consider double-quantum-well systems which can be used to examine basic aspects of electronic confinement, layer–layer coupling, and translayer interaction through a barrier.
Psychological correlates of frequency and type of drug use among jail inmates

The comorbidity of drug abuse and various forms of psychopathology is pervasive and well documented. In particular, the incidence of depression, anxiety, and antisocial personality disorder is high among substance abusers relative to non-drug abusers. Offender populations have a high rate of substance abuse, and some studies suggest that the incidence of psychopathology may be even greater than in other drug using groups. In order to identify specific types of psychopathology as they relate to drug preferences and frequency of use among drug-using offenders, arrestees at the Baltimore City Detention Center were examined. During extensive interviews, drug-abusing arrestees provided information pertaining to their backgrounds, childhood histories, biological relatives, present behaviors, and criminal and drug histories. Additionally, several psychological inventories were administered to evaluate the presence of depression, anxiety, psychopathy, and impulsivity. Results indicate that the frequency with which subjects reported using specific drugs and drug of choice were significantly associated with particular measures of psychopathology. A composite measure of psychopathy was especially related to the frequency of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use. Subjects who reported using cocaine on a frequent basis scored high on measures of hostility and reported committing more property crimes, while violent crimes were more likely to be reported by subjects scoring high on the measure of psychopathy. Other noteworthy findings will be discussed along with the limitations of this study.
Osteopontin inhibits expression of cytochrome c oxidase in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.

Abstract Osteopontin (OPN) functions as both a cell attachment protein and a cytokine that signals through two CAM molecules: α v β 3 -integrin and CD44. OPN initiates a number of signal transduction pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, and migration. In this study, utilizing RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, we demonstrate that expression of the mitochondrial protein, CCOI, is significantly decreased in the setting of OPN stimulation. This effect is blocked by the CD44 competitive ligand, hylauronate; GRGDSP, a hexapeptide that blocks OPN–integrin binding, had no effect. CCOI mRNA and transcription were significantly decreased in the presence of OPN; CCOI mRNA half-life was unaltered by OPN. Additional mitochondrial run-on studies, which included genes from L-strand and H-strand, suggest that OPN terminates transcription of the distal H-strand. CCO enzyme activity was also significantly decreased by OPN. Our results indicate that OPN inhibits CCOI expression as the result of a novel CD44-dependent transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the mitochondrial H strand.
A three-dimensional numerical sensitivity study of mesoscale circulations induced by circular lakes

A three-dimensional mesoscale planetary boundary layer model with theE-e turbulence closure is used to simulate airflow over a lake of circular shape. A series of model sensitivity studies are performed to examine the effects of lake-land temperature difference, ambient wind magnitude and direction, lake size, surface roughness, the Coriolis force and baroclinic ambient wind conditions on mesoscale lake circulations.
Effect of Growth Hormone on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism

Introduction APPROXIMATELY 60 yr ago, Houssay and his colleagues (1) described hypersensitivity to insulin in hypophysectomized (hypox) animals. Further work documented a primary effect of GH in this phenomenon (1). Over the ensuing years, numerous investigators have sought to define the role of GH in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Unfortunately, no unified picture has emerged. Both insulin-like and antiinsulin-like effects have been documented, although the physiological significance of the former is uncertain. Major controversies surround the relationship between structure and function of the GH molecule. Indeed, some believe that most of the reported effects of GH are due to contaminants in the hormone preparation. With two exceptions (2, 3), reviews in this area (4–10) have focused mainly on the author's own work in a circumscribed field; e.g. in vivo effects after GH administration (6, 7, 9), tissue effects in vitro (5, 7), or effects on lipolysis (4, 8,10). Furthermore, these reviews were publis...
Angiotensin receptors : History and mysteries

Angiotensin receptors became relatively easy to study when radioactive derivatives of the peptide were synthesized for radioimmunoassays. Binding assays in vitro led to the discovery of receptors in many tissues different from those involved in the classic actions of angiotensin. The physiologic significance of receptors in sites such as the gonads, other endocrine organs, peripheral blood cells, and many regions of the brain is still uncertain. Kinetics of the binding reaction are susceptible to intracellular guanine nucleotides, and extracellular cations, fatty acids, steroids, and eicosanoids. Synthesis of receptors is under equally complex control. Receptor binding assays simplified screening for angiotensin antagonists. Nonpeptide antagonists proved so specific they revealed the existence of receptor subtypes. The two principal subtypes are found in different tissues and trigger different postreceptor cascades. Studies of receptors, the genes that code for them, and the drugs that block them have led to a growing awareness of angiotensin's effects on the structure of the heart, vessels, and kidneys, some of which are pathologic. The existence of receptor subtypes, the different signal transduction cascades they stimulate, the widespread location of receptors, and the range of effects they mediate suggest that the angiotensins are of broad relevance in biology and pathology. This multidimensional matrix also indicates that receptor antagonists may have effects not yet described.
Dysregulation of cellular calcium homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease: bad genes and bad habits.

Calcium is one of the most important intracellular messengers in the brain, being essential for neuronal development, synaptic transmission and plasticity, and the regulation of various metabolic pathways. The findings reviewed in the present article suggest that calcium also plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Associations between the pathological hallmarks of AD (neurofibrillary tangles [NFT] and amyloid plaques) and perturbed cellular calcium homeostasis have been established in studies of patients, and in animal and cell culture models of AD. Studies of the effects of mutations in the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins on neuronal plasticity and survival have provided insight into the molecular cascades that result in synaptic dysfunction and neuronal degeneration in AD. Central to the neurodegenerative process is the inability of neurons to properly regulate intracellular calcium levels. Increased levels of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) induce oxidative stress, which impairs cellular ion homeostasis and energy metabolism and renders neurons vulnerable to apoptosis and excitotoxicity. Subtoxic levels of Aβ may induce synaptic dysfunction by impairing multiple signal transduction pathways. Presenilin mutations perturb calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum in a way that sensitizes neurons to apoptosis and excitotoxicity; links between aberrant calcium regulation and altered APP processing are emerging. Environmental risk factors for AD are being identified and may include high calorie diets, folic acid insufficiency, and a low level of intellectual activity (bad habits); in each case, the environmental factor impacts on neuronal calcium homeostasis. Low calorie diets and intellectual activity may guard against AD by stimulating production of neurotrophic factors and chaperone proteins. The emerging picture of the cell and molecular biology of AD is revealing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for eradicating this growing epidemic of the elderly.
A Spectral Theory for Linear Differential Systems

Abstract This paper is concerned with continuous and discrete linear skew-product dynamical systems including those generated by linear time-varying ordinary differential equations. The concept of spectrum is introduced for a linear skew-product dynamical system. In the case of a system of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients the spectrum reduces to the real parts of the eigenvalues. In the general case continuous spectrum can occur and under certain conditions it consists of finitely many compact intervals of the real line, their number not exceeding the dimension of the system. A spectral decomposition theorem is proved which says that a certain naturally defined vector bundle is the sum of invariant subbundles, each one associated with a spectral subinterval. This partially generalizes the Jordan decomposition in the case of constant coefficients. A perturbation theorem is proved which says that nearby systems have spectra which are close. Almost periodic systems are given special attention.
Homonymous Hemianopia Primary Sign of Tumors Involving Lateral Part of the Transverse Fissure

The surgical anatomy of homonymous hemianopia is discussed with special reference to the roof of the lateral part of the transverse fissure, where the fibers of the optic tract are closely assembled. Thirteen cases are discussed, and three cases are reported in which the hemianopia was primary and clear cut. The conclusion is reached that this latter symptom is characteristic of lesions originating in the roof of the lateral part of the transverse fissure. From the section on ophthalmology of the Mayo Clinic. Read before the section on ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, July 8 to 12, 1929.
Abstract 2218: Radiation-induced hypomethylation triggers urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) transcription in meningioma cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Our previous studies have shown the role of radiation-induced urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression in meningioma tumor progression. In the present study, we investigated whether modulation of DNA methylation profiles could regulate uPA expression. Radiation treatment induced hypomethylation in meningioma cells with a decrease in DNMT1 and MBD expression. However, oxidative damage by H2O2 or pretreatment of irradiated cells with NAC did not show any influence on these proteins, thereby indicating a radiation-specific change in the methylation patterns among meningioma cells. Further, we identified that hypomethylation is coupled to an increase in uPA expression in these cells. Azacytidine treatment induced a dose-dependent surge of uPA expression while pretreatment with Sodium butyrate inhibited the radiation-induced uPA expression; these results complement our prior findings. Methylation-specific PCR on bisulfite treated genomic DNA revealed a diminished methylation of uPA promoter in irradiated cells, which supports the role of epigenetics in uPA gene regulation. Transfection with shRNA expressing plasmids targeting CpG islands of the uPA promoter showed a marked decline in uPA expression with subsequent decreases in invasion and proliferation of meningioma cells. Further, radiation treatment is coupled to the recruitment of SP1 transcription into the nuclear extracts, which was abrogated by shRNA treatment. Our experiments to study the signaling events demonstrated the activation of MEK-ERK in radiation treated cells while U0126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor) blocked hypomethylation, recruitment of SP1, and uPA expression. In agreement with our in vitro data, low DNMT1 levels and high uPA were found in intracranial tumors given radiation treatment as compared to untreated tumors. In conclusion, our data suggest radiation-mediated hypomethylation triggers uPA expression in meningioma cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2218. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2218
Deglacial hydroclimate of midcontinental North America

During the last deglaciation temperatures over midcontinental North America warmed dramatically through the Bolling-Allerod, underwent a cool period associated with the Younger-Dryas and then reverted to warmer, near modern temperatures during the early Holocene. However, paleo proxy records of the hydroclimate of this period have presented divergent evidence. We reconstruct summer relative humidity (RH) across the last deglacial period using a mechanistic model of cellulose and leaf water δ18O and δD combined with a pollen-based temperature proxy to interpret stable isotopes of sub-fossil wood. Midcontinental RH was similar to modern conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum, progressively increased during the Bolling-Allerod, peaked during the Younger-Dryas, and declined sharply during the early Holocene. This RH record suggests deglacial summers were cooler and characterized by greater advection of moisture-laden air-masses from the Gulf of Mexico and subsequent entrainment over the mid-continent by a high-pressure system over the Laurentide ice sheet. These patterns help explain the formation of dark-colored cumulic horizons in many Great Plains paleosol sequences and the development of no-analog vegetation types common to the Midwest during the last deglacial period. Likewise, reduced early Holocene RH and precipitation correspond with a diminished glacial high-pressure system during the latter stages of ice-sheet collapse.
Teaching Critical Thinking by Examining Assumptions

We describe how instructors can integrate the critical thinking skill of examining theoretical assumptions (e.g., determinism and materialism) and implications into psychology courses. In this instructional approach, students formulate questions that help them identify assumptions and implications, use those questions to identify and examine the assumptions and implications of theories being studied, and develop defensible positions on the tenability of various theoretical assumptions. We suggest that this instructional approach fits within extant critical thinking proposals, such as those formulated by King (1995) and Halonen (1995).
The Changing Face of Hospital Librarianship

During the past three decades, the face of hospital librarianship has undergone a dramatic transformation, largely in part to the incredible changes and advances in technology. At Novant Health Pre...
Choice, Responsibility and Equality

Should responsibility for disadvantage constitute a matter of fundamental concern for egalitarians? An important strand of contemporary egalitarian thought – a strand that Elizabeth Anderson calls ...
Importance of satellite cells in the strength recovery after eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the elimination of satellite cell proliferation using γ-irradiation would inhibit normal force recovery after eccentric contraction-induced muscle inju...
Pre-Excitation as a Cause of Appearance and Increased Intensity of Systolic Murmurs

In three patients with a Wolff, Parkinson, White (WPW) pattern and systolic murmur, the murmur disappeared or decreased in intensity when the WPW pattern disappeared or became less pronounced. The accentuation of the murmur of tricuspid and mitral insufficiency suggests that pre-excitation may be responsible for an increase in regurgitant flow in patients with these lesions. A "functional" murmur may appear only during pre-excitation. The appearance or increased intensity of the murmur is presumably related to the altered patterns of ventricular activation and contraction accompanying the WPW pattern.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxidized Soybean Oil

Ring-opening polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) catalyzed by boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3·OEt2) in methylene chloride was conducted in an effort to develop useful biodegradable polymers. The resulting polymerized ESO (PESO) were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, solid state 13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results indicated that PESO materials were highly crosslinked polymers. They had glass transition temperatures ranging from −16 to −48 °C. TGA results showed the PESO polymers were thermally stable at temperatures up to 220 °C. Decomposition of the polymers was found to occur at temperature greater than 340 °C. GPC results indicated the extracted soluble substances from PESO polymers were ESO dimers, trimers and polymers with low molecular weights. The resulting crosslinked polymers can be converted into hydrogels by chemical modification, such as hydrolysis. These soy based hydrogels will find applications in personal care and health care areas.
Dynamic response of an elastic plate containing periodic masses

Abstract This paper develops an analytical model that incorporates an infinite number of periodically spaced discrete masses into the equations of elasticity of a two-dimensional solid that is excited by a harmonic force in both time and space. Two specific problems are addressed. The first is that of a plate with the masses on the bottom edge, and the second is that of a plate with the masses embedded in the medium. The equations of elasticity are written as stress field expressions with the appropriate boundary conditions in the spatial-frequency domain. An infinite number of indexed equations are generated using an orthogonalization procedure. Once this is accomplished, all the indexed equations of the system are written together in a single matrix equation. The problem is then solved using a truncated set of terms and the displacement fields are transferred into the wavenumber–frequency domain for analysis. These results are compared to previously available low frequency model results for solutions involving the flexural wave in the plate. A numerical example is then solved at high frequency that includes higher-order wave motion, and this example is discussed.
Intramolecular competition of “cope” rearrangement within a conformationally mobile (3,8,3) tricycle

Abstract Contrasting the previously described thermolytic response of a conformationally restricted (3,8,3) oxatricyclodiene, the “Cope” transposition of its conformationally mobile epimer occurs via rupture of the molecule's cyclopropane rather than oxirane cross-link.