cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geological Controls on Water Resource Variability in Minnesota, USA

Sustainable management of water resources requires quantitative description of spatio-temporal variability, and the map is a universal medium to reflect the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources. The long history of cartography and the recent digital revolution have culminated in the Google Earth web portal with unprecedented frequency of daily use. System analysis with combination of a cyber model of landscapes, multidimensional methods of data analysis, and GIS cartography of water resources in Minnesota started in 1996 with support from faculty of Department of Geology University of Minnesota-Duluth and has continued ever since. The “Water Resource Sustainability” project, funded by the Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources (2007-2009) was the most resent phase of the research. Research using river flow monitoring data available from USGS for Minnesota and bordering areas of North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Wisconsin was completed for the territory. Analysis of landscapes properties for watersheds taken from maps - Bailey’s Ecological Provinces, Soil Taxonomy Order, topographic characteristics (average altitude, average watershed slope, total, intermittent, and perennial drainage density), thickness of quaternary sediments, and Hydrogeological Hierarchical Regionalization - revealed control of geological conditions on water resource variability. The trends of interannual patterns and seasonality of river runoff depend on bedrock type and presence or absence of thick depositions of quaternary sediments in NE and SE of research territory and also on thickness of quaternary sediments in NW. The same parts of territory have main differences in annual and February monthly yields for interval of observations 1955-1978. The numbers of river discharge yield reach difference from 5 to 20 times. The control over water resource distribution and variability belongs to geological boundaries for types of bedrocks, lithology, and thickness of quaternary sediments. Groups of watersheds recognized by mutual landscape properties (geological conditions) with statistically proven influence on hydrologic characteristics provide a basis for regionalization and creation of a water resource map. The regionalization on the water resource map opens the way to study and climate change for regional level.
Physiology and pathophysiology of insulin secretion.

Mechanisms by which various classes of extracellular signals regulate insulin secretion are discussed regarding their cellular and molecular actions. Under physiological circumstances, the small postprandial changes in plasma glucose concentrations (approximately 4.4-6.6 mM) primarily serve as a conditioned modifier of insulin secretion and dramatically alter the responsiveness of islets to a combination of neurohormonal agonists. These agonists have two functions. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and acetylcholine activate the hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagonlike peptide 1 activate adenylate cyclase. These two functional classes of neurohumoral agonists act synergistically to enhance insulin secretion when plasma glucose is greater than 6.0 mM but not when it is less than or equal to 4 mM. On the other hand, an increase in plasma glucose concentration to 8-10 mM induces an increase in insulin secretory rate in the absence of any of the neurohormonal agonists. Remarkably, high glucose leads to an increase in the same intracellular signals, as does a combination of acetylcholine and GIP. On the basis of these data, a model of how insulin secretion is regulated under physiological circumstances is proposed. This model emphasizes that the regulation of insulin secretion occurs in three stages: cephalic, early enteric, and later enteric. In this view, the crucial event occurring during the first two phases is the agonist-induced, translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) to the plasma membrane under conditions in which an increase in Ca2+ influx does not occur. PKC is now in a cellular location and a Ca2(+)-sensitive conformation such that an increase in Ca2+ influx rate occurring during the third phase leads to its immediate activation and an enhanced rate of insulin secretion. Furthermore, under physiological circumstances, an optimal insulin secretory response is dependent on a correct temporal pattern of signals arising from neural and enteric sources. If this pattern is deranged, an abnormal pattern of insulin secretion is observed. An important new insight is provided by the observation that agonists (e.g., CCK or acetylcholine) that act to stimulate the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositides, when acting for a short period (10-20 min), induce an enhanced responsiveness of islets to glucose, i.e., proemial sensitization. However, when acting unopposed for several hours, these agonists will induce a time-dependent suppression of responsiveness to glucose and other agonists. The latter observation implies that optimal insulin secretion is dependent on periodic rather than a continuous exposure to the correct pattern of extracellular signals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Triosephosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the pea plant.

THERE is considerable evidence indicating that the mechanisms of carbohydrate catabolism are the same in higher plants, yeast and muscle1. However, it has been reported that mature pea plants do not oxidize triosephosphate2.
OP13.07: Nomograms of axial fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference and area throughout gestation

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value to determine a low central venous pressure (0–5 mmH2O) using ultrasound to determine the central venous pressure compared to invasive central venous pressure measurement. Method: Indigent pregnant South Africans with severe maternal disease managed in a tertiary setting. Since 2003 all the obstetric patients who required the placement of a central venous pressure line or a Swan-Ganz catheter were asked to participate in a study comparing ultrasonic evaluation of the heart with the invasive monitoring of the heart. If the patient agreed, the catheters were placed and the measurements were obtained, thereafter an ultrasonographic examination of the patient’s heart was performed. During this examination the diameter of the inferior vena cava was measured 2.5 cm from the entrance into the atria. The percentage of collapse during inspiration was also evaluated and according to this, the central venous pressure was estimated. This value was correlated with the value obtained with the invasive technique. The measurements were initially performed using a standard cardiac probe. Currently the measurement is performed using the standard abdominal probe that is used for normal obstetric ultra sound examinations. (The technique will be demonstrated using a video presentation). Results: A total of 33 measurements were obtained. The sensitivity was 92%, specificity was 95%, positive predictive value was 92% and the negative predictive value was 95% and the accuracy was 94% for the central venous pressure between 0 and 5 mmH2O. Conclusion: Non-invasive CVP measurements using standard obstetric ultrasound equipment can be used to predict a low central venous pressure in the place of invasive CVP monitoring. This can be valuable in managing an ill obstetric patient when it is not safe to place a CVP line. OP13.07 Nomograms of axial fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference and area throughout gestation
Exploring the Genetic Counselor’s Role in Facilitating Meaning-Making: Rare Disease Diagnoses

The main goal of the constructivist meaning-making framework is to encourage grief adaptation through the search for meaning in loss. Strategies to help patients construct meaning from their experiences may lead to positive adaptation. This strategy has been used in contemporary grief counseling, but it may also be beneficial in the genetic counseling scenario. The diagnosis of a rare genetic disorder often has considerable psychosocial impact as patients and families describe feelings of isolation and hopelessness. Negative experiences with healthcare providers often reinforce these feelings. Genetic counselors continue to provide education and psychosocial support to patients and families with rare genetic disorders, and meaning-making strategies may provide a framework for which to help patients and families adapt to these challenging diagnoses. In this paper I explore the background of meaning-making counseling strategy and describe an experience in which it was used for counseling a family with a child with Mowat-Wilson syndrome. I show how a meaning-making framework can help families explore and construct meaning from their experiences and encourage positive adaptation. I also address the possible limitations of this strategy and the need to share additional experiences with this counseling framework. Meaning-making can be another tool for genetic counselors to help guide families in their grief and adaptation to rare disease diagnoses. I also describe qualities and aspects of counseling through the lens of meaning-making and stress the importance of addressing psychosocial dimensions of rare disease diagnoses.
Interesting finding: pericardial effusion on tomographic MUGA images before adriamycin.

In our experience, finding a pericardial effusion when doing a MUGA study to evaluate left ventricular function before adriamycin therapy is rare. Although echocardiography is the preferred imaging technique to diagnose pericardial effusion, it is rarely done for evaluation of left ventricular function before adriamycin therapy. Such assessment has long been the province of the MUGA scan in no small measure because of the reproducibility of the left ventricular ejection fraction. This case should remind us to look for pericardial effusion as part of assessment of left ventricular function and suggests that tomographic images provide an improved method for evaluating same.
Tetragonal states of palladium I. Theory

First-principles total-energy calculations on the tetragonal states of bulk elemental palladium have been made with a full-potential electronic structure program with both the local-density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The unique path through tetragonal states produced by epitaxial strain on equilibrium states has been found. This path, called the epitaxial Bain path, shows that body-centered cubic Pd (axial ratio $c/a=1)$ is unstable, but a shallow energy minimum exists for a body-centered tetragonal (bct) state with axial ratio $c/a\ensuremath{\sim}0.9.$ Structure parameters and elastic constants of both the face-centered cubic (fcc) ground state and the bct state are determined and the fcc values are compared to experiment: the LDA results are better than the GGA results. Tests of the stability of the bct phase at $c/a\ensuremath{\sim}0.9$ show that this phase is unstable with respect to [110] shear in the (001) plane.
The dislocation structure of experimentally deformed marble

Five specimens deformed at differential stresses between 220 and 980 bar were selected for a transmission electron microscopy study from the suite of Yule Marble specimens of Heard and Raleigh (1972). The electron micrographs show twinning, curved free dislocations, sessile dislocation loops, and small angle boundaries. Both free dislocations and dislocation boundaries contain dislocation reactions which most likely involve the Burgers vectors 1/6〈1¯102〉 and 1/12〈1¯210〉 reacting to form 1/12〈10¯14〉. The dislocation densities of specimens deformed at the higher stresses were greater than the starting density and fit the relation \(\sigma _1 - \sigma _3 = \left( {1\frac{1}{2} - 3} \right)\mu b\rho ^{\frac{1}{2}}\). However, the dislocation densities of specimens deformed at the lower stresses decreased only partially with respect to the starting density during the deformation experiments and thus are larger than predicted by this relation.
Some inhibitory interrelationships among leucine, isoleucine and valine.

Abstract The effects of varying concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, and valine on the growth of Leuconostoc dextranicum 8086 indicate that each of these amino acids inhibits the utilization of the other two amino acids by this organism. While leucine and isoleucine exert synergistic effects in inhibiting the utilization of valine, the other two pairs of amino acids probably exert only additive inhibitory effects. The corresponding keto acid or a peptide of the amino acid in some cases is more effective than the amino acid in reversing inhibitions involving these three amino acids in this organism or in Lactobacillus arabinosus .
Determination of molecular structure in solution using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy: the supramolecular tetramer of S-2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid.

The infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of S-2,2‘-dimethyl-biphenyl-6,6‘-dicarboxylic acid, S-1, in CDCl3 solution are concentration-dependent, showing that oligomerization occurs with increasing concentration. DFT calculations support the conclusion that the oligomer formed is the cyclic tetramer (S-1)4, in which S-1 monomers are linked by hydrogen(H)-bonded (COOH)2 moieties. Due to the existence of two inequivalent tautomeric conformations of each (COOH)2 moiety, six inequivalent conformations of (S-1)4 are possible. B3LYP/6-31G* DFT calculations predict that the conformation “aaab”, possessing three equivalent (COOH)2 conformations, a, and one tautomeric conformation, b, has the lowest free energy. B3LYP/6-31G* IR and VCD spectra vary substantially with conformation. The B3LYP/6-31G* IR and VCD spectra of the CO stretch modes of “aaab” are in excellent agreement with the experimental spectra, while those of all other conformations exhibit poor agreement, confirming the predic...
Superconductivity in Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O compounds

We report the constitution, characterization and superconducting temperatures of the novel high-Tc superconductor Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O. For the nominal composition of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, Tc onset up to 130K (midpoint: 120K, zero resistivity: 118.5K) have been found.
Outcome Following Local-Regional Recurrence in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Impact of Biologic Subtype

Local-regional recurrence (LRR) after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) can result in distant metastasis and decreased disease-free survival (DFS). This study examines factors associated with DFS following LRR. The initial population included 2,233 consecutive women who underwent BCT from 1998 to 2007. Biologic subtype was approximated using a combination of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and tumor grade. Cumulative incidence of DFS after LRR was calculated. The association of clinical, pathologic, and treatment parameters with DFS was evaluated using a Cox regression model. At a median follow-up of 105 months, 82 patients (3.7%) had a LRR. Of these, 66 (80%) were in-breast and 16 (20%) involved the ipsilateral lymph nodes. Twenty patients subsequently developed distant metastases. Five-year DFS after initial recurrence was 69.6% for the overall cohort. On univariate analysis, triple-negative disease (ER/PR/HER2 negative, TNBC) was associated with reduced DFS (HR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.8-8.1; p < 0.001). Other factors associated with reduced DFS were larger tumor size (HR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.03-1.6; p = 0.02), shorter interval from initial diagnosis to LRR (HR = 0.98 per month; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; p = 0.02), and no salvage surgery (HR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.09-0.5; p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, TNBC remained the most significant factor associated with reduced DFS (HR = 4.8; 95% CI: 2.25-10.4; p < 0.001). Compared to women with luminal A disease, those with TNBC had significantly worse DFS (37.5% versus 88.3% at 5 years; p < 0.001). Women with TNBC who developed LRR were at high risk of subsequent recurrence. Efforts should be targeted toward both preventing initial recurrence and decreasing subsequent metastasis.
A psychometric evaluation of the parent report form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children--Trait Version.

Abstract We examined the psychometric characteristics of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children–Parent Report—Trait Version (STAIC-P-T) [Strauss, C. (1987). Modification of trait portion of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children–Parent Form . Gainesville, FL: University of Florida], a brief, parent report paper-and-pencil measure of child chronic anxiety, in a large clinic-referred sample. Internal consistency coefficients were high and retest reliability coefficients were in the moderate range. Convergent validity evidence was mixed in its support for the measure, with evidence most supportive within reporter and within parental dyad. Divergent validity evidence provided less support for the measure, but was largely consistent with past research. Regression analyses indicated that parent reports on the STAIC-P-T were not significantly related to a parent’s own level of symptomatology. Overall, the study provides mixed support for the psychometrics of the STAIC-P-T.
Sexually transmitted papillomaviral infection in the male: II. The urethral reservoir.

Abstract Urethral cytobrushing for hybridization studies was obtained from the anterior urethra of 75 male consorts of known HPV infected female partners. Our findings revealed a 24 per cent (19 patients) incidence of positive hybridization, identifying HPV16 or HPV-18 in six instances associated with mixed papillomaviral infection of the shaft and the presence of HPV-6 and HPV-11 in 7 cases clinically related to exophytic disease of the shaft. Although no histologic evidence of virus-tissue interaction could be demonstrated, careful follow-up is recommended to detect early recurrent disease with its potential for partner reinfection.
DELAYED DORMANCY AS A PROBABLE CAUSE OF UNEVEN STANDS IN PLANTED POTATOES

Many attempts have been made to break the resting period of potatoes. Denny (i), using ethylene chlorohydrin, has been able to do this much more successfully than has yet been done in other attempts. His results show that by the application of this chemical, potatoes in a dormant stage may be made to sprout in a very short period of time as compared to control tubers which are not so treated. It is common knowledge to those familiar with potato growing in the northwest that the stands in the fields are often very uneven in their time of appearance above ground. Such an occurrence might be attributed to one of three factors: (I) uneven depth of planting; (2) variable condition of the soil; (3) uncompleted rest period. It was with the belief that the last-named condition might prevail that the writer began investigation of the problem using the method of treatment suggested by Denny (2). Although the results recorded are but for a single year's observations, they seem significant and worthy of preliminary mention. METHODS AND MATERIAL
Amplification of the E2F1 transcription factor gene in the HEL erythroleukemia cell line

The E2F transcription factor plays an important regulatory role in cell proliferation, mediating the expression of genes whose products are essential for inducing resting cells to enter the cell cycle and synthesize DNA. To investigate the possible involvement of E2F in hematopoietic malignancies, we isolated genomic clones encompassing the human E2F1 gene. We then used fluorescence in situ hybridization to localize E2F1 to human chromosome 20q11, telomeric to the p107 locus, a gene whose product is related to the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb). This finding contrasts with the 1p36 and 6q22 chromosomal locations previously assigned E2F2 and E2F3, two additional members of the E2F family. Although deletions or structural rearrangements of E2F1 were not detected in 14 primary acute leukemia or myelodysplasia samples with structural abnormalities of chromosome 20q11, the gene was amplified and overexpressed in HEL erythroleukemia cells and translocated to other chromosomes in several established human leukemia cell lines. This study provides the first evidence of gene amplification involving a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. We propose that E2F1 overexpression in erythroid progenitors may stimulate abnormal cell proliferation by overriding negative regulatory signals mediated by tumor suppressor proteins such as pRb.
Predicting Outcome in Ischemic Stroke External Validation of Predictive Risk Models

Background— Six multivariable models predicting 3-month outcome of acute ischemic stroke have been developed and internally validated previously. The purpose of this study was to externally validate the previous models in an independent data set. Summary of Report— We predicted outcomes for 299 patients with ischemic stroke who received placebo in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA trial. The model equations used 6 acute clinical variables and head CT infarct volume at 1 week as independent variables and 3-month National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, and Glasgow Outcome Scale as dependent variables. Previously developed model equations were used to forecast excellent and devastating outcome for subjects in the placebo tissue plasminogen activator data set. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to measure discrimination, and calibration charts were used to measure calibration. The validation data set patients were more severely ill...
The recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) transcript is present in the murine central nervous system

The recombination activating genes, RAG-1 and RAG-2, are likely to encode components of the V(D)J site-specific recombination machinery. We report here the detection of low levels of the RAG-1 transcript in the murine central nervous system by polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and Northern blot analyses. In contrast, an authentic RAG-2 transcript could not be detected reproducibly in the central nervous system. The RAG-1 transcript was found to be widespread in embryonic and postnatal neurons, with transcription being most apparent in regions of the postnatal brain with a high neuronal cell density (the cerebellum and the hippocampal formation). The results suggest that RAG-1 functions in neurons, where its role might be to recombine elements of the neuronal genome site-specifically, or to prevent detrimental alterations of the genome in these long-lived cells.
Active Reflector for Radar Calibration

An active radar calibrator (ARC), consisting of a receive-antenna and a transmit-antenna, with an RF amplifier in between, is proposed as a tool for conducting high-precision calibration measurements of radar systems. The ARC can be designed to have a large radar cross section and a broad pattern. Its major advantages over passive reflectors are its small physical size and its suitability for calibrating radars that operate in any polarization configuration.
The Distribution of Kinetic Energy in Certain Steady Barotropic Currents.

Abstract The spreading of an energy concentration superimposed on a uniform zonal current at a particular latitude, may be characterized by the complete disappearance of the perturbation at infinity. Under this condition the vorticity equation for a nondivergent barotropic atmosphere can be linearized exactly for steady-state motion and reduces to the well-known Helmholtz wave equation. Its solution then is quite general, and is not subjected to any restrictive condition of small perturbations. Two cases of “dispersion” were studied, the problem of the deflection of a zonal current and the problem of a zonal jet stream. In the first case the northward velocity component was prescribed as a boundary condition, in the second case the eastward velocity component. Due to the assumption of nondivergent flow, both components cannot be arbitrarily prescribed since they must satisfy the continuity requirement. Prescribing the distribution of either velocity component along a fixed meridian by a function with a pr...
Linear and weakly nonlinear variable viscosity convection in spherical shells

A theoretical study of linear and weakly nonlinear thermal convection in a spherical shell is performed. The Boussinesq fluid is of infinite Prandtl number and its viscosity is temperature dependent. The linear stability eigenvalue problem is derived and solved by a shooting method assuming isothermal, stress-free boundaries, a self-gravitating fluid, and corresponding to two heating models. The first is heating from below, and the second is a model of combined heating from below and within, such that convection is described by a self-adjoint linear stability formulation. In addition, nonlinear, hemispherical, axisymmetric convection is computed by a finite volume technique for a shell with 0.5 aspect ratio. It is shown that 2-cell convection occurs as transcritical bifurcation for a viscosity constrast across the shell up to about 150. Motions with four cells are also possible. As expected, the subcritical range is found to increase with increasing viscosity contrast, even when the linear operator is self-adjoint.
Scanning electron microscopy of clays and clay minerals

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) proves to be ideally suited for studying the configuration, texture, and fabric of clay samples. Growth mechanics of crystalline units — interpenetration and interlocking of crystallites, crystal habits, twinning, helical growth, and topotaxis — also are uniquely revealed by the SEM. Authigenic kaolins make up the bulk of the examples because their larger crystallite size, better crystallinity, and open texture make them more suited to examination by the SEM than most other clay mineral types.
Bridging the length scales through nonlocal hierarchical multiscale modeling scheme

Abstract In the current work the nonlocal multiscale bottom-up peridynamic framework is modified (i.e. extended PFHMM) in order to upscale the nonlocally interacting models at different length scales. The generalized scheme was implemented to a complex heterogeneous polymer: ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Using extended PFHMM, the atomistic model of UHMWPE was linked with the coarser peridynamic (PD) representative unitcells. Different phases (e.g. highly oriented unidirectional, amorphous or semicrystalline) of UHMWPE were blended during upscaling of polyethylene (PE) microfibrils. In literature, a thorough theoretical investigation on the deformation mechanism of highly oriented UHMWPE microfibrils is not available. So the current work also rigorously discussed the role of different loading conditions (such as torsion, tension and compression), pre-existing damages and aspect ratios on the stiffness as well as the strength of the UHMWPE microfibrils by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Through MD simulation, the effect of complex-loading condition on the strength reduction was also investigated. Cauchy–Born rule was applied through extended PFHMM in order to link the deformation from atomistic scale models with the macroscale UHMWPE representative unitcells. Finally, a slightly modified AIREBO potential was used to show that the unidirectional UHMWPE is independent of strain rate. The results had reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The current work can be considered to be a building block for multiscale modeling of complex heterogeneous materials.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinson's disease complex on Guam linked to an environmental neurotoxin

Abstract The view that ‘degenerative' neurological conditions such as amyotrophic sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's dementia may be caused by environmental toxins has been strengthened by a recent report by Spencer et al. in Science 1 . Male cynomolgus monkeys developed cortico-neuronal dysfunction, parkinsonian features and behavioral changes with chromatolysis and degeneration of motor neurons following daily oral doses of β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a ‘free excitatory' neurotoxic amino acid present in the seeds of Cycas circinalis .
Enhancement of coping through blurring

Abstract When problem situations are imprecise, people use mental processes closer to coping than to exact, logical-deductive reasoning. We sketch new ways of explicating the process of coping. This leads to a broader definition of complexity than is generally used in computer science. We present at the essence of coping a normative model for shifting and changing focus of attention. To cope is to transform a complex situation into blurred representations that are simpler and less worrisome. The process of “thinking of” such shifts in problem-representation is also improved when the level of specificity and precision in the focus of attention varies.
Distributed circuit design with transmisssion line elements

A short length of transmission line can be chosen as a basic circuit element. Systems containing such elements can then be synthesized to do an amazing number of things. For example, commensurate lines, all multiples of a given length with differing characteristic impedances but with common propagation constant, can be interconnected to realize microwave filters, broad-band transformers, broad-band delay lines with amplitude selectivity, and distributed RC structures. The fundamental ideas underlying the synthesis of commensurate transmission line circuits are presented in this paper in a tutorial fashion. The presentation is based on the scattering formalism and Richard's Theorem. The discussion is liberally sprinkled with design illustrations chosen from current practice.
The Beneficial Use of Cereal and Cereal Components in Probiotic Foods

Cereals and cereal components can be used as fermentation substrates for probiotic organisms imparting prebiotic effects. Consumer interest in healthy functional foods has resulted in the need for food products with versatile health-benefiting properties. The conventional choice for probiotic food applications has been dairy-based products, but whole grain-based probiotic functional foods have debuted in Japan and Europe. In the US, pro- and prebiotics are mainly marketed as dietary supplements, but are moving towards inclusion in the diet as mainstream foods. Cereal constituents, such as wheat bran-based ingredients fermented with probiotics, would enhance consumer health with the benefits of probiotics, bran fiber, and healthful bioactive components.
Commentary: Resetting standards for sponsored research: do conflicts influence results?

COMMENTARY ON: Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Weiner BK. A critical review of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 trials in spinal surgery: emerging safety concerns and lessons learned. Spine J 2011;11:471–91 ( in this issue ).
Occupational stress, strain, and coping in university faculty

Abstract An interactive model of occupational stress, strain, and coping was utilized in assessing the relationships between male and female university faculty at three occupational ranks (assistant, associate, and full professor). The hypothesis tested was that given equal amounts of stress, strain is moderated by coping. Eightythree faculty members from a large midwestern university were administered the Occupational Stress Inventory. No significant differences were found between sex or occupational rank on measures of coping and role Stressors. However, regression analysis indicated a significant interaction between sex and rank on predicted strain scores. Results indicated that occupational rank is an important variable when discussing the differential effects of stress, strain, and coping between men and women in a university setting.
From Dichotomy to Dialectic: Practising Theory in Urban Design

A conventional assumption about theory and practice is that they represent a dichotomy in which theory represents abstract thinking to explain observations, while practice depends on a more instrumental conception of knowledge to help accomplish tasks. The paper examines this dichotomy under the premise that urban design is primarily an intellectual activity, and that the theory/practice relationship can take a number of mutually beneficial forms, especially dialectical ones. Furthermore, the paper suggests that since urban design is a complex and multifaceted field, the most useful theories are ones that are integrative (i.e. that incorporate function, form and process) rather than singular (e.g. based almost exclusively on ideas of green design, technology or historicism). These ideas were tested in an experimental urban design studio for graduate students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2009. The paper introduces the theory being applied, Kevin Lynch's book Good City Form, describes the pedagogical process as an investigation of the theory/practice relationship, and concludes with insights for professional practice.
Abstract 5425: Potent curcumin analogue FLLL-22, but not natural curcumin, targets the DNA damage pathway for apoptosis in lung and head and neck cancer cells

Curcumin, 1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1, 6-heptadien-3, 5-dione, is the major bioactive compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric). Despite its high margin of safety (no dose-limiting toxicity at doses up to 10 g/day in human) and efficacy against various types of cancers, the potential utility of curcumin as a chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic drug is compromised by its low bioavailability and poor selectivity. To circumvent these problems, more potent and selective curcumin analogues have been introduced. In the current study, we investigated one such synthetic analogue, (1E, 4E)-1, 5-bis (2, 4, 6-trimethoxyphenyl) penta-1, 4-dien-3-one (FLLL-22), against the head and neck cancer cell line Tu212 and lung cancer cell line H460. We conducted an SRB assay to determine IC50 values which showed that FLLL-12 was 24.6-fold and 31.6-fold more potent than natural curcumin against Tu212 and H460 cells, respectively. FLLL-22 also more strongly inhibited colony formation in both cell lines than that of natural curcumin. FLLL-22 at 1 μM was sufficient to completely inhibit colony formation, whereas up to 5 μM of curcumin had only minimal effects on colony formation. FLLL-22 also induced apoptosis more strongly (∼10-fold) than natural curcumin as evidenced by annexin V-PE staining and cleavage of PARP. Interestingly, FLLL-22, but not natural curcumin, activates DNA double strand breaks as evidenced by phosphorylation of H2AX and activation of p53 pathway. Although FLLL-22 strongly phosphorylated H2AX at doses of 3 and 5 μM, no H2AX phosphorylation was observed after curcumin treatment with doses 20 and 30 μM. At these doses, both compounds induced comparable apoptosis. FLLL-22 increased the protein level of p53, its phosphorylation at Ser15 and Ser392, and downstream target p21. A slight increase in p53 expression was observed with 20 μM curcumin, but not with 30 μM. Ablation of p53 by shRNA inhibited FLLL-22-induced p21, suggesting that FLLL-22 activates p53-dependent transcription. We also found that treatment with both FLLL-22 and curcumin inhibited phosphorylation of AKT, S6 and expression of Bcl-2. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that FLLL-22 is a potent curcumin analogue which activates the DNA damage pathway to induce apoptosis and might be a suitable anti-cancer drug for further preclinical and clinical development (supported by U01CA101244, R01CA112643, and P50CA128613 to DMS). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5425. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5425
An organ-pipe scanner

In designing many scanning antennas, it is desirable to move a feed horn for an objective, a lens, or a reflector, along a curve on the focal surface of the objective. The most direct way to solve this problem is to move a horn on the desired curve mechanically; however, there are mechanical and electrical problems inherent in this type scanner which one would like to avoid. Another approach is the use of a simple mechanical motion, such as a rotation, which could be transformed into an apparent motion along the desired curve. Organ pipes use this approach, they usually consist of a structure for propagating energy from a feed horn through a transition region of waveguide channels to a radiating aperture. By rotating some part of this structure, different portions of the aperture are used, and hence the apparent motion along the line occupied by the aperture, or scanning, is accomplished.
Impulsivity, anxiety, and alcohol misuse in bipolar disorder comorbid with eating disorders

Eating disorders (ED) are noted to occur with bipolar disorder (BD), but relationships between additional comorbidities, clinical correlates, and personality factors common to both remain largely unknown. Using data from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder, we measured the prevalence and demographic factors of comorbid ED with BD, presence of additional comorbidity of anxiety and substance use disorders, psychosis, suicide attempts, mixed symptoms, childhood abuse, impact of NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) personality factors, and mood outcome in 354 patients with BD. We analyzed the prevalence of ED using both broad and narrow criteria. ED was more common in the Prechter BD sample than the general population, with the majority of those with ED being female. Anxiety disorders, alcohol abuse/dependence, and NEO-PI N5 impulsiveness were independently associated with ED in a multivariable linear regression analysis. BD age at onset was earlier in the ED group than that in the non-ED group and was earlier than the average onset of ED. Anxiety occurred before ED and alcohol use disorders after both BD and ED. Childhood trauma was associated with ED. Impulsivity and anxiety associated with BD may fuel ED and put patients at risk for other impulsivity-related disorders such as alcohol use disorders. ED was associated with more severe and variable moods and more frequent depression. Patients with BD should be regularly screened for ED, anxiety disorders, and alcohol use disorders, and comorbidity should be promptly addressed.
Glaucoma screening as a vehicle for providing continuing medical education.

During a free screening at a major medical meeting, volunteer ophthalmologists educated attendees about glaucoma. A questionnaire was given to participants before and six months after the screenings to evaluate changes in their knowledge of glaucoma risk factors; the results showed a significant and enduring improvement (p < .02) in respondents' knowledge about glaucoma.
Teeth of juvenile woodchucks as seasonal indicators on archaeological sites

Abstract The woodchuck, Marmota monax, a burrowing scuirid of eastern North America, was a common food animal of prehistoric peoples. Since the species has a single, brief birthing period all juveniles are at a comparable stage of development at a given time. Widths of the continuously growing incisors, development of the cheek teeth and alveoli, and loss of deciduous teeth have been determined from a sample with known dates of collection. These data are compared to juvenile woodchuck remains from an archaeological site to determine season of kill.
Patient-centered goals for pelvic floor dysfunction surgery: long-term follow-up.

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to describe long-term postoperative perceived achievement of subjective preoperative goals for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) surgery. Study design From March 2000 through December 2001, 123 PFD surgical patients completed a preoperative open-ended questionnaire on which they described up to 5 personal outcome goals for PFD surgery. Patients were asked to review their original goals list and assess the degree to which they had met their goals on a 5-point scale (–2=strongly disagree the goal had been met to +2=strongly agree that the goal had been met) 3 months after surgery and again between 1 and 3 years after surgery. At the second follow-up, patients also completed the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) instruments to assess life impact and symptom distress, respectively. Results Of 50 women to date with long-term follow-up, 98% were white, 96% had delivered at least 1 child, 38% had previous surgery for PFD, mean weight was 74.2 ± 14.1 kilos, and mean age was 65.4 ± 11.5 years. Mean follow-up duration was 1.8 years, and ranged from 0.98 to 3.01 years. Of 194 goals listed by participants, 40.2% had to do with resuming previous activities or lifestyle, 38.1% with symptom relief, 9.3% with improving self-image and social relationships, 7.7% with improving general health, and 4.6% with improving physical appearance. At the individual goal level, 72% of goals were attained at short-term, and 68% attained at long-term follow-up. Long-term goal achievement did not vary significantly by category of goal. Goal achievement was lower only for symptom relief at long-term follow-up (68.9%) than at short-term follow-up (87.4%, P all listed goals in the short term, and 42.0% in the long term. Long-term goal achievement was associated with PFD-specific quality of life (UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores) and inversely associated with surgical complications, but was not associated with other clinical or demographic variables, including weight, parity, PFD diagnosis, psychiatric comorbidity, surgical route, or previous surgical history. Conclusion Self-reported achievement of preoperatively recorded goals for PFD surgery persisted 1 to 3 years after surgery. The association of goal achievement to IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores suggests that goal achievement is related to, but not identical to, overall measures of PFD life impact and symptom distress. Future work should examine the association of goal achievement to clinical measures of PFD severity, and compare surgically and medically managed patients. Preoperative assessment of goals may be a useful addition to clinical and subjective data in the long-term management of women with pelvic floor disorders.
Induction of GPIb/IX-vWF receptor-ligand translocation on surface-activated platelets.

Abstract Multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF) readily bind to glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX receptors on spread human platelets and cover the cell from edge to edge. Addition of anti-vWF antibody to spread platelets covered with vWF caused the multimers to move from peripheral margins into caps over platelet centers. Despite almost complete centralization of receptor-ligand complexes, a significant number of GPIb/IX receptors capable of binding multimers remained available on the peripheral zone. Fixation followed by a second incubation with vWF, anti-vWF, and staph protein A coupled to 5-nm gold particles (PAG5) revealed multimers extending from the centrally concentrated cap of vWF to cell margins. If spread platelets with central caps of vWF were exposed a second time to multimers and anti-vWF antibody before fixation and stained with PAG5 after, the residual GPIb/IX receptors and second wave of vWF formed a ring around the cap, leaving a clear margin. If after fixation and staining with PAG5 the grids with caps and rings of vWF were washed, exposed a third time to vWF, refixed, and then incubated with anti-vWF and PAG10, the clear margin was covered with multimers of vWF forming a second ring around the first circle of receptor-ligand complexes. Thin sections of spread platelets with central caps of GPIb/IX-vWF complexes revealed only rare examples of uptake by the open canalicular system. The interaction of GPIb/IX with vWF multimers observed in the present study suggests a mechanism by which platelets under high shear forces may adhere and attach firmly to a denuded vascular surface.
A SEVEN-YEAR SURVEY OF A BURNS UNIT FOR CHILDREN, 1954-1960.

Summary This report, covering a seven-year period in a burns unit for children under modern conditions of hospital accommodation and treatment, emphasises the high mortality from burns involving over one-third body surface area affected by third-degree burns. Eighty-five per cent. of fatal cases had over one-third body surface area burned. The mortality rate from burns up to 20 per cent. surface area was small, under 1 per cent., and with 20 to 30 per cent. surface area burns it was less than 10 per cent. The mortality rate from scalds was low (1·2 per cent.), except in those instances where a large surface area was involved or where there was prolonged immersion. Clothing, however ignited, is the overwhelmingly predominant cause of fatal burns. Flame proofing of clothing prior to purchase, and in the home following washing, would limit the size of burns in children to a surface area which is within the capabilities of modern treatment.
Pomegranate derived products for cancer chemoprevention

Because treatment options for advanced metastasized cancers remain inadequate, developing effective approaches for the prevention of cancer has become an important goal to reduce cancer burden. One such strategy is through chemoprevention, preferably by the use of non-toxic dietary substances and botanical products. Pomegranate, used for centuries for its medicinal properties is now being recognized as a potential chemopreventive and anticancer agent. Increasing body of evidence has underscored the cancer preventive efficacy of pomegranate both in vitro and in vivo animal models. The emerging data provide new insights into the molecular framework needed to establish novel mechanism-based chemopreventive strategies for various human cancers.
Mutation screen of the TUB gene in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis

TUB is the first identified member of the TULP family of four proteins with unknown function. A spontaneous mutation in murine tub causes retinal degeneration, obesity, and deafness. Mutations in another member of the TULP family, TULP1, are a cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These findings prompted us to investigate TUB as a candidate gene for RP and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). A mutation screen of the entire coding region of the TUB gene in 159 unrelated patients with autosomal recessive RP, 114 unrelated patients with simplex RP, and 21 unrelated patients with LCA uncovered 18 sequence variations. Of these, seven were missense mutations, six were isocoding changes, and five were intronic polymorphisms. All seven missense mutations were identified as heterozygous changes and no defect could be found in the other allele. None of the isocoding variants or intronic polymorphisms are predicted to create or destroy splice donor or acceptor sites based on splice-site prediction software. Although variant alleles of the TUB gene were found, none could be definitively associated with a specific retinal disease.
The Need for Curriculum Innovation in Dental Education

Students enter dental school with various backgrounds, talents, and educational experiences. After graduation they will pursue diverse careers in the health science field. Curriculums must be designed to educate these students according to their particular abilities and career expectations.
Evolution of a Journal

The Journal of Construction Engineering and Management came into being by the effort of a small group of engineers. It was a struggle, but just as they succeeded in building impressive project, they succeeded in establishing the Journal on a firm foundation.
Citation characteristics of physiology literature, 1970–72

(1976). Citation characteristics of physiology literature, 1970–72. International Library Review: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 85-115.
A comparison of coherent and spontaneous raman combustion diagnostics

Detectivities are calculated for background subtraction coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), inverse Raman scattering (IRS) and spontaneous Raman scattering (RS) for a wide range of pressures and temperatures applicable to combustion environments. The capability of each of these techniques to reject the background luminosity typical of real combustion environments is established quantitatively. Examples of spectra from CARS and IRS flame experiments are shown, and the complementary features of these techniques are discussed.