cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do patients with FIGO stage II endometrioid endometrial carcinoma benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant radiation therapy

Objectives: Investigate the use and outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with FIGO stage II endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus receiving adjuvant radiation therapy following hysterectomy. Methods: Patients without a history of another tumor diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 with pathological stage II endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus with known tumor grade who underwent hysterectomy with at least 10 lymph nodes removed and received adjuvant radiation therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and had at least one month of follow-up were identified in the National Cancer Database. Overall survival (OS) was compared with the log-rank test following generation of Kaplan-Meier curves. A Cox multivariate model was constructed to control for confounders. Results: A total of 1569 patients were identified; 50.1% received vaginal brachytherapy, 19.1% external beam radiation therapy and 30.8% combination of both. Chemoradiation was administered to 257 (16.4%) patients. Chemoradiation use for patients with grade 3 tumors was 38% compared to 10.2% and 9.5% for those with grade 2 and grade 1 tumors respectively, p 0.05. There was no difference in OS between patients who received chemoradiation or radiation alone p=0.60; 4-year OS rates were 85.3% and 87.4% respectively. Compared to radiation alone, chemoradiation was not associated with better OS for among patients with grade 3 tumors (p=0.88) or those with LVSI (p=0.57). After controlling for patient age, race, insurance, comorbidities, tumor size and presence of LVSI, chemoradiation was not associated with better survival compared to radiation alone (HR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.56, 1.30). Conclusions: The addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant radiation therapy was not associated with a survival benefit for patients with FIGO stage II endometrioid carcinoma.
Keynes’s Logical Theory of Probability Is Concerned with Rational Degrees of Belief Based on Cognition, Which Are Not Mysterious or Mystical, Rank Ordered or Qualitative: F P Ramsey Failed to Grasp Keynes’s Use of Non–Additivity in His Reviews of the a Treatise on Probability

Recent exchanges between two academics on the Internet ,both experts in conventional and unconventional approaches to decision theory, reveal an astounding lack of knowledge and understanding regarding the makeup of Keynes’s logical theory of probability as put forth by Keynes in 1921, approximately 100 years ago. Given this lacuna concerning Keynes, even after nearly 100 years has passed by, there is thus a need to restate some basic fundamental facts about Keynes's approach that can only be attained by reading beyond Part I of the A Treatise on Probability or Chapter III of the A Treatise on Probability. Unfortunately, what academics mean when they say that they have read the A Treatise on Probability is that they have read Part I and/or Chapter III of A Treatise on Probability or Chapter III of the A Treatise on Probability. Parts II, III, IV and V are simply skipped or skimmed over, as was done by F P Ramsey in his reviews of 1922 and 1926. Keynes’s logical theory of probability is based on the upper–lower probability approach of George Boole. Boole is the explicit founder of the logical theory of probability that Keynes built on when writing the TP. Keynes called his approach inexact measurement and approximation. Keynes’s interval valued theory was designed, like Boole’s, to explicitly deal with non measurability, non comparability and incommensurability. Qualitative probability, comparative probability, ordinal probability, or rank ordered probability, just like numerical probability, can’t deal with non measurability, non comparability and incommensurability. The failure to absorb this basic point lies at the heart of all Post Keynesian and Fundamentalist Keynesian interpretations that all ignore George Boole’s fundamental contributions to Keynes’s logical theory of probability.
Multi-language synchronization

We propose multi-language synchronization, a novel approach to the problem of migrating code from a legacy language (such as C) to a new language. We maintain two parallel versions of every source file, one in the legacy language, and one in the new language. Both of these files are fully editable, and the two files are kept automatically in sync so that they have the same semantic meaning and, where possible, have the same comments and layout. We propose non-deterministic language translation as a means to implement multi-language synchronization. If a file is modified in language A, we produce a new version in language B by translating the file into a non-deterministic description of many ways that it could be encoded in language B and then choosing the version that is closest to the old file in language B. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we have implemented a translator that can synchronize files written in a straw-man language, Jekyll, with files written in C. Jekyll is a high level functional programming language that has many of the features found in modern programming languages.
Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of species in the soft coral genus Alcyonium (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia)

Several recent studies have suggested that hybridization may play a previously unrecognized and important role in the evolution of corals. Our observations of polymorphic and recombinant sequences in the multicopy ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region suggested the possible hybrid origin of two European soft coral species, Alcyonium hibernicum and Bellonella bocagei. To examine this possibility further we cloned and sequenced ITS-1 from multiple individuals and populations of these two species as well as two sympatric congeners, A. coralloides and A. sp. M2. Phylogenetic analyses separated the observed sequence variants into two distinct clades. All A. coralloides sequences belonged to clade A, while A. sp. M2 had only clade B sequences. A majority of A. hibernicum individuals, however, contained both clade A and B sequences that were identical to the predominant sequence variants found in A. coralloides and A. sp. M2, respectively. This pattern of additivity suggests that A. hibernicum originated from a hybrid cross between A. coralloides and A. sp. M2, a hypothesis that is supported by its unusual mode of reproduction (meiotic parthenogenesis). The predominant sequence variant found in B. bocagei was a unique, derived clade B sequence; in addition, however, most individuals of this species also had copies of a sequence identified as a recombinant between clade A and clade B sequence types. The presence of this recombinant sequence in the B. bocagei genome suggests that this species may also be the product of past hybridization events within the clade. Reticulate evolution may explain the failure of several previous studies to resolve the phylogeny of these four species.
Pitx2 determines left-right asymmetry of internal organs in vertebrates

The handedness of visceral organs is conserved among vertebrates and is regulated by asymmetric signals relayed by molecules such as Shh, Nodal and activin. The gene Pitx2 is expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm and, subsequently, in the left heart and gut of mouse, chick and Xenopus embryos. Misexpression of Shh and Nodal induces Pitx2 expression, whereas inhibition of activin signalling blocks it. Misexpression of Pitx2 alters the relative position of organs and the direction of body rotation in chick and Xenopus embryos. Changes in Pitx2 expression are evident in mouse mutants with laterality defects. Thus, Pitx2 seems to serve as a critical downstream transcription target that mediates left-right asymmetry in vertebrates.
A Generic Approach to Estimate Freeway Traffic Time Using Vehicle ID‐Matching Technologies

New technologies have emerged to estimate the travel time on freeways by matching certain unique identifications of passing vehicles at different locations. These types of technologies share many similarities despite having different mechanisms. In this article, a generic method is presented to estimate freeway travel times using vehicle ID-matching technologies. In particular, the new method addresses two long-standing challenges: outlier screening and travel time estimation. Innovations include (1) using both statistical methods and traffic flow theory to screen outliers; and (2) accounting for mechanisms of various equipment measurement errors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulation and shown to be more accurate and responsive to travel time changes than methods based on the use of traditional inductive loops.
Context Awareness in Mobile Relational Agents

The development of virtual agents designed to draw users into personal and professional relationships with them represents a growing area of research [1]. Mobility and context awareness represent important directions of research for these relational agents, since they offer unique affordances for relationship development. A mobile/wearable agent has the potential to be with a user for a significant period of time, and frequency of contact alone has been shown to be associated with increased solidarity between people. The ability to sense some aspects of the user's environment (context awareness) may also provide mobile agents with unique relational affordances. Automatically recognizing and commenting on situations in the user's life can amplify many relational perceptions, including familiarity, common ground, solidarity and intimacy. In addition, an agent's ability to proactively interrupt and help a user in a situation that is automatically sensed by the agent may lead to increased perceptions of trust and caring by the user.
Promoting Healthy Partnerships

ABSTRACT This article offers practical suggestions for partnering with theological schools and libraries in developing countries. Drawing upon his own experiences, and those of others, the author, a theological librarian and consultant, guides readers through the perilous enterprises of international partnerships and foreign aid projects.
Multinational Enterprise Decision Principles for Dealing With Cross Cultural Ethical Conflicts

Cross cultural ethical conflicts are a major challenge for managers of multinational corporations (MNEs) when an MNE's business practices and a host country's practices differ. We develop a set of decision principles to help MNE managers deal with these conflicts and illustrate with examples of ethical conflicts faced by MNEs doing business in contemporary Russia (DeGeorge, 1994). We discuss the generalizability of the principles by comparing them to the Donaldson (1989) and Buller and Kohls (1997) decision models. Finally we discuss changes in the cross cultural ethical problems facing MNE managers and offer suggestions for future corporate and academic work on these problems.
Management challenges for the manufacturing engineer

The authors present significant issues affecting the performance of manufacturing organizations, with an agenda for improvement. These issues concern the relationship of middle management and the workforce; however, many managers and employees are unaware of these issues and tend to obscure the underlying problems with new programs. The following major challenges are considered: bridging the technology generation gap, putting first-line management back in touch with employees, maintaining productivity despite downsizing, eliminating the 'it's not my job' syndrome, and managing technology effectively. >
Bilateral presentation of fibroadenoma with digital fibroma-like inclusions in the male breast.

Abstract Fibroepithelial lesions are uncommon in the male breast. Most published reports describe phyllodes tumors. Fibroadenomas are very common in female breasts, but are exceedingly rare in the male breast. Gynecomastia and/or lobular differentiation have been known to coexist in both types of fibroepithelial lesions in men. We report an exceptional case of recurrent, bilateral fibroadenomas in a man under treatment for prostatic carcinoma. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in stromal cells identical to those seen in infantile digital fibromatosis were identified in one fibroadenoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilaterally occurring fibroadenomas in the male breast, one of which also contained digital fibroma– like inclusions, a second unreported phenomenon.
Fibrinogen concentration in reindeer blood.

Abstract 1. 1. A method for determining blood fibrinogen levels in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is presented. 2. 2. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations determined from seven reindeer averaged 0·397 g per cent.
Phosphate recovery as struvite within a single chamber microbial electrolysis cell

Abstract An energy efficient method of concurrent hydrogen gas and struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) production was investigated based on bioelectrochemically driven struvite crystallization at the cathode of a single chamber microbial electrolysis struvite-precipitation cell (MESC). The MESC cathodes were either stainless steel 304 mesh or flat plates. Phosphate removal ranged from 20% to 40%, with higher removals obtained using mesh cathodes than with flat plates. Cathode accumulated crystals were verified as struvite using a scanning electron microscope capable of energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Crystal accumulation did not affect the rate of hydrogen production in struvite reactors. The rate of struvite crystallization (g/m2-h) and hydrogen production (m3/m3-d) were shown to be dependent on applied voltage and cathode material. Overall energy efficiencies (substrate and electricity) were high (73 ± 4%) and not dependent on applied voltage. These results show that MESCs may be useful both as a method for hydrogen gas and struvite production.
Some proposed criteria for simulants in supercritical systems

Abstract There is a need for identifying realistic simulants of toxic compounds, to be used in investigating the possible disposal of the latter through oxidation in supercritical water. We have computed several molecular properties, related to size and to interaction tendency, for a group of three toxic molecules and five proposed simulants; the calculations were carried out at the ab initio HF/STO-5G ∗ //HF/STO-3G ∗ level. Two of these properties, the molecular volume and the sum of the variances of the positive and negative electrostatic potentials on the molecular surface, were used to quantitatively predict supercritical solubility. On the basis of these factors, 1,5-dichloropentane is a very promising simulant for sulfur mustard.
Monitoring Employee Performance in Service Operations

Concern for the productivity of employees in service operations combined with the difficulty of managerial control creates a need for a definitive means of measuring output. The same principles of statistical process control that apply in the production environment can be used to assess employee performance in a variety of service applications. A one‐sided control chart that can be used to monitor service times is described. Assuming a gamma probability distribution, the parameters of the distribution from company requirements regarding an average service time and tolerable service time interval are estimated.
Magnetic excitations in rare-earth antiferromagnets with bilinear and biquadratic pair couplings: Application to DySb

A Green's-function formalism is constructed for the purpose of computing the elementary excitation energies in a type-II antiferromagnet with Heisenberg exchange and quadrupolar couplings in a cubic crystal field. Three types of excitation modes are found: a longitudinal mode ($L$ mode) associated with ${O}_{0}^{1}$ and ${O}_{0}^{2}$ operators ($\ensuremath{\Delta}m=0$), a transverse mode ($T1$ mode) associated with ${O}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}^{1}$ and ${O}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}^{2}$ operators ($\ensuremath{\Delta}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$), and a second transverse mode ($T2$ mode) associated with ${O}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2}^{2}$ operators ($\ensuremath{\Delta}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$). In the ordered phase the $L$-mode and $T1$-mode excitations are mixed magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar excitations. In the disordered phase, as a consequence of cubic symmetry, the magnetic dipolar modes decouple from the quadrupolar modes, giving rise to the possibility of observing a pure quadrupolar excitation. Cubic symmetry also demands that in the disordered phase certain of the excitation energies in the $L$, $T1$, and $T2$ modes have identical dispersion curves. In general, the dispersion in both the ordered and disordered phase is complicated owing to the inclusion of next-nearest-neighbor coupling. The theory is applied to DySb, a type-II antiferromagnet with strong evidences of quadrupolar coupling.
Critical models for the anemia of inflammation

In this issue of Blood , Kim et al and Gardenghi et al present companion reports exploring the physiology of the anemia of critical illness following intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed Brucella abortus bacteria into mice.[1][1],[2][2] ![Figure][3] A model of the pathophysiology of the
An update on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

In general, bone loss from glucocorticoid treatment occurs rapidly within the first 6 months of therapy. Glucocorticoids alter bone metabolism by multiple pathways; however, the bone loss is greatest in areas rich in trabecular bone. Preventive measures should be initiated early. It is the author's opinion that all subjects initiating treatment with prednisone at 7.5 mg or greater require calcium supplementation (diet plus supplement) at a dose of 1500 mg and vitamin D at a dose of 400 to 800 IU/d. If the patient is going to remain on this dose of glucocorticoid for more than 4 weeks, an antiresorptive agent should be started (e.g., estrogen, bisphosphonate, raloxifene). If a patient has established osteoporosis and is either initiating glucocorticoid therapy or is chronically treated with prednisone at 5 mg d or greater in addition to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, a potent antiresorptive agent (bisphosphonate) should be started. A bone mineral density measurement of either the lumbar spine or the hip may be helpful is assessing an individual's risk of osteoporosis, may improve compliance with treatment, and can be used to monitor the efficacy of the prescribed therapy. There is no reason to withhold treatment for glucocorticoid-induced bone loss until a bone mass measurement is taken, however. In motivated patients, a weight-bearing and resistance exercise program should be prescribed to help retain muscle strength and prevent depression. If hypercalciuria develops with glucocorticoid use, either thiazide diuretics or sodium restriction may be helpful. In patients who continue to lose bone or experience fracture's despite antiresorptive therapy while on glucocorticoids, bone-building anabolic agents (e.g., hPTH 1-34 or PTH 1-84) may be available someday soon.
Inverse boundary value problems and a theorem of Gel'fand and Levitan

Abstract This report concerns two so-called inverse problems of mathematical physics. These are: (i) the problem of determining a second-order differential operator (in a normal form) on the half-axis from its spectral function; and, (ii) the problem of determining a hyperbolic boundary value problem of a special form in a (non-characteristic) half-plane from its response on the boundary to a unit impulse at some reference time t = 0 (boundary value of the Riemann function). We solve problem (ii) by a natural approach, and then indicate how the solution of problem (i) follows from the solution of problem (ii). Our solution of problem (ii) is constructive, and we obtain stability of the solution under perturbation of the data, in a well-defined sense. For problem (i), we obtain the well-known result of Gel'fand and Levitan, in the sharp formulation given by Levitan and Gasymov ([6]).
Using heat to control the sample spinning speed in MAS NMR

A new approach using temperature to control the spinning speed of a sample rotor in magic-angle spinning NMR is presented. Instead of an electro-mechanical valve that regulates the flow of drive gas to control the spinning speed in traditional MAS NMR systems, we use a small heater wire located directly in the stator. The sample spinning speed is controlled very accurately with a surprisingly low heating power of 1 W. Results on a benchtop unit demonstrate the capability of the system.
Synthesis and biodistribution of 64Cu-labeled monocationic diiminedioxime copper(II) complexes

Monocationic copper(II) complexes of three derivatives of the diiminedioxime ligand 2,10-dioximino-3,9-dimethyl-4,8-diazaundeca-3,8-diene were labeled with 64Cu in high radiochemical yield, and the biodistribution of the complexes was measured in mice. The concentration of the complexes in the heart was low, but the partition coefficients of the complexes are less than optimal for a myocardial perfusion agent. All three complexes are resistant to reduction by glutathione in vitro. This suggests that more lipophilic derivatives of these compounds merit further investigation as possible myocardial perfusion agents.
Writing Publishable Mixed Research Articles: Guidelines for Emerging Scholars in the Health Sciences and Beyond

In recent years, it has become more common for health science researchers to conduct and to write research reports and articles that involve the combining or mixing of quantitative and qualitative approaches within the same study. The purpose of this article is to delineate the challenges of writing mixed research studies and present a potential solution. The solution includes providing guidelines for writing mixed research that will be presented utilizing the framework designed by Leech and Onwuegbuzie (2010). Furthermore, examples of each step from a published mixed research study (Onwuegbuzie et al., 2007) will be presented. It is hoped that understanding these challenges in writing mixed methods reports and using the suggested guidelines will increase health science researchers' ability to publish mixed methods research.
Electrical properties of the fast-ion conductor lanthanum fluoride

Audio-frequency complex-impedance measurements have been performed on pure and alkaline-earth-doped lanthanum trifluoride at zero pressure over the temperature range 5.5-310K and at pressures up to 0.3 GPa in the vicinity of room temperature. Studies have been made both parallel and perpendicular to the optical axis. The real part of the dielectric constant is found to be given by epsilon '/sub /// approximately=12.6 and epsilon 'perpendicular to approximately=14.4 and both components increase slightly with temperature. Also, for the calcium-doped material, four relaxations have been observed. The activation enthalpy for the principal relaxation is close to that for the motion of free vacancies and thus is attributable to the reorientation of a bound vacancy. In addition, the anisotropy ratio for the relaxation is found to be Aperpendicular to /A/sub /// approximately=1.8, which is opposite to the anisotropy observed for DC conductivity. An explanation of the anisotropy ratio is discussed. Finally, the pressure-dependent conductivity has been measured in the association region, yielding an activation volume of about 2.4 cm3 mol-1. The thermal expansion coefficient of the activation volume is found to be negative. The value of 2.4 cm3 mol-1 is interpreted to be the activation volume for the motion of vacancies.
The effect of 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide on the synergistic antineoplastic activity of 6-chloropurine and azaserine.

4-Amino-5-imidazolcarboxamid hat eine antagonistische Wirkung auf die synergistische Tumorhemmung, die sich aus der gemeinsamen Anwendung von 6-Chlorpurin und Azaserin ergibt. Dies steht im Einklang mit der Fahigkeit des 4-Amino-5-imidazolcarboxamids, auch die Hemmung des Einbaues von C14-Format in das Guanin von Polynucleotiden, durch 6-Chlorpurin hervorgerufen, teilweise zu unterbinden.
The isolation and preliminary electrophoretic analyses of the mitotic spindle from cultured mammalian cells

Abstract An improved procedure is described for the bulk isolation and purification of mitotic spindles from HeLa cells grown in monolayer culture. SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins solubilized from these spindles demonstrate that the major component, which may comprise as much as 20–30% of the total soluble protein, has a molecular weight of 55 000 D and co-migrates in this system with tubulin isolated by the vinblastine precipitation technique. Other, as yet unidentified, bands with molecular weights of approx. 33 000, 46 000, 66 000, 82 000 and 104 000 D repeatedly occur in these gels.
König–Egerváry Graphs are Non-Edmonds

Konig–Egervary graphs are those whose maximum matchings are equicardinal to their minimum-order coverings by vertices. Edmonds (J Res Nat Bur Standards Sect B 69B:125–130, 1965) characterized the perfect matching polytope of a graph G = (V, E) as the set of nonnegative vectors $${{\bf{x}}\in\mathbb R^E}$$satisfying two families of constraints: ‘vertex saturation’ and ‘blossom’. Graphs for which the latter constraints are implied by the former are termed non-Edmonds. This note presents two proofs—one combinatorial, one algorithmic—of its title’s assertion. Neither proof relies on the characterization of non-Edmonds graphs due to de Carvalho et al. (J Combin Theory Ser B 92:319–324, 2004).
The PC12 cell as a model for studies of the mechanism of induction of peripheral neuropathy by anti-HIV-1 dideoxynucleoside analogs.

The ability of DNA polymerase gamma to utilize ddNTPs+ as substrates, incorporating these chain terminators into DNA (see citations in[1]), has led us to propose that AZT-induced bone marrow suppression results from inhibition of mtDNA replication [1]. This could alter metabolism since mtDNA encodes proteins involved in ATP synthesis and mitochondrial ultrastructure. We have shown that AZT and some other ddNs used in AIDS therapy inhibit DNA replication by purified DNA polymerase gamma and by isolated mitochondria [1,2]. Moreover, proliferation of a hemopoietic cell, the Friend erythroleukemic cell, is strongly inhibited by AZT [2], and mitochondria from these cells show impairment of DNA replication++ [2]. Additional evidence comes from studies on the effect of ddC on the Molt-4F cell [3], and on the involvement of mitochondria in AZT-induced myopathy [4]. We propose that inhibition of mtDNA replication is also the primary step in ddC-induced [5], ddI-induced [6] and d4T-induced [7] peripheral neuropathy. We have found that a c-Ha-ras transformant of the PC12 cell, GS-ras-1+++, is a promising neuronal cell model for such studies. The PC12 cell line [8] is derived from a pheochromocytoma, an adrenal medullary tumor; cells of the adrenal medulla share their embryological origin with neuronal cells. When the PC12 cell is induced by NGF (or by dexamethasone in GS-ras-1) to differentiate, neurite outgrowth and increased synthesis of acetylcholine and other neuronal markers occur. We describe the effects of some ddNs on both the uninduced and the induced cell.
Information security of mobile VPN: Conceptual models and design methodology

Virtual Private Network (VPN) is one of the most reliable technologies to provide data protection, confidentiality, integrity, data origin authentication, replay protection and access control [1]. An exponential growth of mobile computing, mobile networks, and mobile applications demand utilization of highly effective algorithms, models and sets of technical specifications of mobile virtual private network (MVPN) in terms of security, performance and cost. This paper presents the outcomes of 5-year long research, design, development and implementation activities aimed at engineering of practical MVPN solutions for various types of network users. It describes conceptual models and design methodology of information security of MVPN solutions, and provides network managers and/or system administrators with recommendations on engineering of specific IPsec MVPN solutions for various types of network users.
Structural and physiological properties of mengovirus: avirulent, hemagglutination-defective mutants express altered alpha (1 D) proteins and are adsorption-defective.

Structural and physiological properties of two mutants of mengovirus, 205 and 280, were compared to those of wild-type virus to understand the molecular basis of changes exhibited in their biological function. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis of wild-type and mutant structural proteins revealed alterations in the isoelectric character of the alpha (1 D) protein of both mutant 205 and 280. These data suggest that alterations in the alpha (1 D) protein may be responsible for the phenotypic changes by the mutants. A delay in detectable virus-specified protein synthesis was exhibited in mutant-infected cells in comparison to wild-type. The amount of RNA synthesized in mutant- and revertant-infected cells was less than that synthesized in wild-type infected cells. Changes in virus-specified macro-molecular synthesis in mutant and revertant-infected cells reflected a decrease in the ability of the viruses to attach to cells.
Surface photoeffect for metals

A nonlocal theory for the surface photoeffect produced in metals by vacuum ultraviolet radiation is presented. Using a simple electron-gas model, it is shown that $p$-polarized incident light generates, in the surface region, a strongly spatially dependent vector potential having longitudinal character; it is argued that the photoemission associated with this longitudinal contribution constitutes the surface photoeffect. Various physical features, including the role of the optical constants and the nondirect nature of the electronic transitions involved, are discussed. It is shown that the nonlocal effects are significant over a wide range of frequencies and for systems other than the electron gas.
Rape and Physical Attractiveness: Judgments concerning Likelihood of Victimization:

Subjects in two studies were shown portraits of 32 young women who varied widely in physical attractiveness. Subjects were told that half of these women had been victims of a crime and half had not. Their job was to sort the portraits correctly into those two categories. In both studies, attractive women were more often categorized as victims of rape. In Study 2, attractive women were not more likely to be categorized as having been beaten and robbed. Correlation analyses showed that the association between physical attractiveness and presumed criminal victimization was significantly higher for rape than for being beaten and robbed.
Defining and Applying Sustainability: Connecting Sociocultural, Economic and Biological Concepts

: [sustainability, biological anthropology, fisheries management, food system, sustainable fishery, Community Supported Agriculture, food and nutrition, ecology and environment]
Embracing lococentrism: A response to Thomas Brockelman's critique

In Tom Brockelman's opening remarks, I stand accused of "topocentrism." In fact, I would rather admit to lococentrism, a term of my own devising. The topos lurking in "topocentrism" (or "topophilia" or "topocosm") is too reminiscent of Aristotle's extremely confining idea of topos as a sheer and simple container-a notion that launched 2000 years of debate on the subject. In contrast, locus, once stripped of its strictly geometric signification, carries connotations of "local" and "locale" which I happily endorse. Thus I am indeed a lococentrist and a locophiliac. (I'd also admit to chorocentrism and chorophilia, but that is another, more Platonic, tale).
NMR studies on single crystals of H2: I. The crystalline field energy for ortho-H2 impurities in solid para-H2

Using NMR techniques on two single crystals of H2, we have determined the crystalline field Vc that splits the rotational ground state of isolated ortho-H2 molecules in para-H2. From the temperature-dependent splitting of the NMR doublet peak, we obtain an average % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4baFfea0dXde9vqpa0lb9% cq0dXdb9IqFHe9FjuP0-iq0dXdbba9pe0lb9hs0dXda91qaq-xfr-x% fj-hmeGabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacaGG8bacbaGab8% NvayaaraWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-ngaaeqaaOGaaiiFaiaac+cacaWFRbWa% aSbaaSqaaiaa-jeaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaaGimaiaac6cacaaIWaGaaG% imaiaaiIdacaaIZaGaeyySaeRaaGimaiaac6cacaaIWaGaaGimaiaa% ikdacaqGGaGaa83saaaa!4563!\[|\bar V_c |/k_B = 0.0083 \pm 0.002{\rm{ }}K\] independent of ortho concentration X over the range between x= 0.1% and 1.5%. The experimental spectra, as a function of both T and the applied field orientation, can be fitted by a model where Vc has a Gaussian distribution about its average value with a standard deviation Vc289-03. This distribution might be caused by strains in the sample. The values of δVc are compared with those from previous experiments.
A prototype hybrid intraoperative probe for ovarian cancer detection

A novel prototype intraoperative system combining positron detection and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has been developed for early ovarian cancer detection. The probe employs eight plastic scintillating fiber tips for preferential detection of local positron activity surrounding a central scanning OCT fiber providing volumetric imaging of tissue structure in regions of high radiotracer uptake. Characterization measurements of positron sensitivity, spatial response, and position mapping are presented for Tl(204)/Cs(137) sources as well as 18F-FDG. In conjunction with co-registered frequency domain OCT measurements the results demonstrate the potential for a miniaturized laparoscopic probe offering simultaneous functional localization and structural imaging for improved early cancer detection.
Brief Tracking in a class of nonminimum-phase systems with nonlinear internal dynamics via sliding mode control using method of system center

A method of asymptotic output tracking in a class of causal nonminimum-phase uncertain nonlinear systems is considered. Local asymptotic stability of output tracking-error dynamics are provided for the specified class of systems with the nonlinear hyperbolic at the origin internal dynamics forced by a reference output profile and external disturbances defined by a known linear exosystem. The nonlinear vector field of the internal dynamics is expanded in a power series, obtained at a selected operational point in the internal dynamics state space. The presented technique employs some linear algebraic methods and sliding mode control approach. The solution is a complete constructive algorithm.
Patterns of Early Emotional and Neuropsychological Sequelae after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Although mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is now recognized as a major health issue, there have been relatively few studies of its acute effects. Previous studies of mTBI assessed at 1 week or less post-injury have produced inconsistent results, spanning reports of no ill effects to findings of robust dysfunction. These gross disparities reflect study differences such as the criteria for mTBI diagnosis and selection of comparison groups. In consideration of these issues, this study investigated outcome in the first 96 hours after injury in adolescents and adults ages 12-30 years with mTBI (n=73) compared with orthopedically injured (OI, n=65) and typically developing controls (TDC, n=40). The mTBI group reported significantly greater general psychological distress, post-concussion symptom severity, and post-traumatic stress severity than OI (all p<0.0001) and TDC (all p<0.0001); the OI and TDC groups responded similarly on these variables. There was a significant Group × Age interaction on the Total score (p<0.009), and the Cognitive (p=0.01) and Somatic (p<0.032) subscales of the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire where increasing symptom severity was associated with increasing age in the mTBI group. On neuropsychological assessment, the mTBI group performed significantly more poorly compared with OI for Verbal Selective Reminding Test (delayed recall, p=0.0003) and Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT written p=0.03; oral, p=0.001). The TDC group more robustly outperformed the mTBI group on these measures and also on the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (delayed recall, p<0.04), Letter Fluency (p<0.02), and Category Switching (p<0.04). The TDC group outperformed the OI group on SDMT and Letter Fluency. These findings are consistent with previous reports of acute deficits in episodic memory and processing speed acutely after mTBI. Notably, however, these data also demonstrate the challenges of comparison group selection because differences were also found between the TDC and OI groups.
Erythrocyte-derived ATP and perfusion distribution: Role of intracellular and intercellular communication

Please cite this paper as: Sprague RS, Ellsworth ML. Erythrocyte-derived ATP and perfusion distribution: role of intracellular and intercellular communication. Microcirculation 19: 430–439, 2012. Abstract In complex organisms, both intracellular and intercellular communication are critical for the appropriate regulation of the distribution of perfusion to assure optimal O2 delivery and organ function. The mobile erythrocyte is in a unique position in the circulation as it both senses and responds to a reduction in O2 tension in its environment. When erythrocytes enter a region of the microcirculation in which O2 tension is reduced, they release both O2 and the vasodilator, ATP, via activation of a specific and dedicated signaling pathway that requires increases in cAMP, which are regulated by PDE3B. The ATP released initiates a conducted vasodilation that results in alterations in the distribution of perfusion to meet the tissue’s metabolic needs. This delivery mechanism is modulated by both positive and negative feedback regulators. Importantly, defects in low O2-induced ATP release from erythrocytes have been observed in several human disease states in which impaired vascular function is present. Understanding of the role of erythrocytes in controlling perfusion distribution and the signaling pathways that are responsible for ATP release from these cells makes the erythrocyte a novel therapeutic target for the development of new approaches for the treatment of vascular dysfunction.
ECONOMIC POLICY IN A GROWTH CONTEXT: A CLASSICAL SYNTHESIS OF KEYNES AND HARROD

This paper clarifies key differences between Harrodian and Keynesian theories and policies, and develops a classical alternative to both. The stability of the Harrodian warranted path is proved, and the Keynesian paradox of thrift is shown to be transient. Distinct Harrodian fiscal policies are derived, and Post-Keynesian debates about Harrodian dynamics are addressed. Finally, it is argued that business and household savings are fundamentally different, and it is shown that if the business savings rate responds at all to the investment‐savings gap, it becomes possible to have both profit-driven accumulation as in Keynes and normal capacity growth as in Harrod.
Venous Dissection Injuries During Laparoscopic Urological Surgery

AbstractPurpose: The incidence of major venous dissection injuries during laparoscopic procedures is assessed and recommendations are made for management.Materials and Methods: We evaluated our experience with all major intra-abdominal injuries occurring during 274 consecutive laparoscopic procedures performed within a 4-year period. Five patients (1.7 percent) had a total of 6 major vascular injuries, including gonadal vein avulsion in 1 case, lumbar vein avulsion in 1 and a tear in the inferior vena cava in 4. Two patients sustained inferior vena caval injuries during nephrectomy because of adhesions from previous surgery and 1 of them had 2 venacavotomies.Results: All vascular injuries were venous and 5 of the 6 major vessel injuries were treated successfully endoscopically via intracorporeal suturing techniques. The injury requiring open repair was a gonadal vessel avulsion that occurred during retroperitoneal lymph node dissection early in our laparoscopic experience. Major vessel injuries were more ...
The genomic RNA of diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus: characterization and molecular cloning.

Abstract The RNA of a diabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus (D variant, ifp − phenotype) and a nondiabetogenic variant of EMC virus (B variant, ifp + phenotype) which were derived from the same virus stock (M strain) have been compared. The size of both genomes is estimated at 7.7 kb. The poly(C) tract of EMC-D is estimated at 144 bases, whereas that of EMC-B is 141 bases in length. The untranslated 5′ terminal 103 nucleotides are identical for B and D with preservation of a stable terminal hairpin structure. The entire open reading frame of both variants has been cloned and the restriction maps of 12 different enzymes are identical. These maps were compared to a computer-generated restriction map of another strain of EMC virus which has been cloned and sequenced by Palmenberg et al. (1984 , Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 2969–2985). Approximately 50% of the restriction sites of the B and D variants had similar locations in this strain of EMC. We conclude that significant genetic variation exists between the M strain (B and D variants) and the Palmenberg strain of EMC virus. However, the B and D variants are very similar at the molecular level and comparison of their nucleotide sequences will be necessary to reveal the basis for their different biological properties.
Determining the kinetics of membrane pores from patch clamp data without measuring the open and closed times

We present a new and very time saving way to determine kinetic rate constants from patch clamp data by using the correlation functions utilized in analyzing experiments with photon correlations.
Relationships between Juvenile Winter Flounder and Multiple‐Scale Habitat Variation in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island

Abstract A rapid random sampling method was used to relate densities of juvenile winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus to multiple scales of habitat variation in Narragansett Bay and two nearby coastal lagoons in Rhode Island. We used a 1-m beam trawl with attached video camera, continuous global positioning system track overlay, and continuous recording YSI sonde to sample 163 sites in June and July 2002 and 2003. The YSI sonde recorded temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, depth, turbidity, and chlorophyll a throughout the tow, while the video camera recorded other habitat characteristics. Habitat patterns at larger spatial scales were assessed with aerial imagery and charted depth data. We caught 25 species and 977 fish, almost twice as many fish being captured in 2002 (596) as in 2003 (381). Winter flounder was the most common species in both years, comprising 60.2% of the catch in 2002 and 33.6% of the catch in 2003. Total fish and winter flounder were three times more abundant in the coas...
Prevention of type I diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by virus infection

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an animal model of type I diabetes and develops a characteristic autoimmune lesion in the islets of Langerhans with lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The result is hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and death. Diabetes usually begins by the sixth month of age but can occur earlier when young NOD mice are infused with lymphocytes from older NOD donors. When newborn or adult NOD mice were infected with a lymphotropic virus they did not become diabetic. The interaction between viruses and lymphocytes is pivotal in aborting diabetes, as established by experiments in which lymphocytes from virus-infected donors failed to transfer diabetes. In contrast, lymphocytes from age- and sex-matched uninfected donors caused disease. Therefore, viruses and, presumably, their products can be developed to be beneficial and may have potential as a component for treatment of human diseases. Further, these results point to the utility of viruses as probes for dissecting the pathogenesis of a nonviral disease.
Further studies on the formation of oxygen radicals by potassium superoxide in aqueous medium for biochemical investigations

Potassium superoxide (KO2) forms superoxide anion (O2-) in aqueous medium as measured by the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay of McCord and Fridovich. The reduction of cytochrome c by O2- formed by KO2 was observed only above pH 7.0 and demonstrated a pH optimum at pH 9.6. SOD was an effective inhibitor of the cytochrome c reduction produced by KO2. Hydroxyl radical scavengers and singlet oxygen quenchers did not interfere with the reduction of cytochrome c by KO2. These data demonstrate that addition of KO2 to aqueous medium is an easy chemical method for the production of O2- in controlled amounts.
IL-2 regulates the expression of the NK-TR gene via an alternate RNA splicing mechanism

We have recently isolated and characterized human and mouse genes of a putative natural killer (NK) cell tumour-recognition protein (NK-TR) that is specifically expressed in NK cells. This gene codes for a 150 kD protein with a cyclophilin-related amino terminus followed by several positively charged domains. We report here the discovery of two sites of alternate splicing in the 5' region of the NK-TR mRNA. One of these events caused a frameshift in the open reading frame by splicing in a 28 bp exon within the cyclophilin coding region, resulting in the premature termination of the NK-TR protein. The second alternate splice stemmed from the use of an internal splice acceptor within an exon, producing a deletion of 25 amino acids in the NK-TR protein. The activation of NK cells by IL-2 produced a change in the splicing pattern that resulted in increased production of mRNAs capable of producing the complete NK-TR protein.
Elevated sweet taste pleasantness ratings in bulimia nervosa.

Abstract Recent studies suggest that some patients with bulimia nervosa may experience elevated pleasantness responses to sweet taste. This study explored possible associations between symptom patterns and pleasantness ratings for sucrose solutions in bulimic patients. Subjects included 15 women meeting DSM III-R criteria for narrowly defined bulimia nervosa (no history of other eating disorder); five patients with current bulimia nervosa and a past history of anorexia nervosa; and 20 healthy age-matched female controls. Subjects ate a standardized breakfast prior to the morning study visit. Sucrose-water solutions (0% to 40% sucrose) were rated for sweetness intensity and pleasantness. Patients with narrowly defined bulimia nervosa showed significantly higher pleasantness ratings for 40% sucrose solutions than controls and patients with a history of anorexia nervosa. Pleasantness ratings were not significantly correlated with frequency of binge eating or purging behaviors. These results extend previous evidence for altered sweet taste pleasantness responses in bulimia nervosa, and for differences in eating-related behaviors between patients with narrowly defined bulimia nervosa vs. those with past anorexia nervosa.
Pfister forms and their applications

Abstract This note investigates the properties of the 2 n -dimensional quadratic forms ⊗ i =2 n 〈1, a i 〉, called n -fold Pfister forms. Utilizing these properties, various applications are made to k -theory of fields, and field invariants. In particular, the set of orderings of a field and the maximum dimension of anisotropic forms with everywhere zero signature are investigated. Details will appear elsewhere.