cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feeding upon and preserving a carcass: the function of prehatch parental care in a burying beetle

Parental care must respond to variation in environmental challenges and some of these challenges result from the altered niche during the evolution of care. One important variable is the quality of the resources for young. Burying beetles prepare small, vertebrate carcasses in varying states of decay as food for their young by removing hair, rounding and applying antimicrobial secretions. The present study examined carcass preparation (prehatch care), an elaborate behaviour whose benefits have been surprisingly difficult to demonstrate. Benefits were assessed by comparing brood success when a parent completed care using a fully prepared carcass or when using a substitute, same-age carcass that had not been prepared by a parent. The outcome was very different depending on whether the substitute carcass was intact (no holes) or had simulated feeding holes that a parent would normally make during the prehatch period. When Nicrophorus orbicollis utilized a prepared carcass, the brood mass was no greater than when using an intact, nonprepared carcass. When the substituted nonprepared carcass had simulated feeding holes, however, a prepared carcass resulted in a greater brood mass and heavier larvae on both fresh and aged carcasses. The importance of attending to holes opened in the carcass was clear from the rapid repair of experimentally introduced holes. While offspring fared worse when developing on an aged carcass, the parent's future reproduction and longevity were not compromised, suggesting that parents protect their future reproduction in a challenging environment. It is hypothesized that a primary benefit of resource handling in burying beetles is to minimize microbial activity at holes the parent must make in the carcass, a need that was amplified as carrion beetles evolved to breed on small, preempted carcasses without fly larvae as a nutritional resource.
Pushout: the criminalization of black girls in schools. By Monique W. Morris. Pp 277. London: The New Press. 2016. $26.95 (hbk). ISBN 9781620970942

What is it like to be a tween/teen female of color navigating adolescence and education in the United States today? Most educators (and other adults regularly interacting with youth) do not have th...
An approach for a PHIGS machine

The Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS) proposal specifies a powerful interface for the development of interactive graphics applications. Throughout the development of PHIGS, emphasis has been placed on providing a high level of functionality along with the ability to provide rapid, dynamic display modifications. Any implementation of PHIGS should strive toward the ultimate goal of providing real-time support for the full functionality. This goal will be impossible to achieve using current, readily available graphics hardware. This is due to the inherent complexity introduced by the desired level of functionality and not to any of the specific approaches that PHIGS has taken to providing that functionality. One possible solution to this problem is the development of a “PHIGS machine.” Such a machine will play the role of a PHIGS logical workstation. This machine must include customized hardware to perform many of the functions required to meet the PHIGS specifications. Some of the more important PHIGS features which one must consider when approaching the architecture of such a machine include structure manipulation, structure traversal and the viewing pipeline.
Arms control: necessary process

The solid achievements of arms control represent the realistic middle way, says the author, between the unattainable visions of unilateral disarmament advocates and military hardware enthusiasts.
The Deming Inspection Criterion for Choosing Zero or 100 Percent Inspection

W. E. Deming has derived a statistical criterion for performing incoming inspection or inspection at some intermediate step of a process. The criterion equation indicates that either 100% inspection or no inspection at all are the proper responses, depe..
Quadratic Interpolating Splines: Theory and Applications

Our basic aim in this paper is to study the projectional properties of quadratic interpolatory splines. In §3, we show that in Theorem 3.1 that the linear interpolating projection operator PΔ from C-1 [a, b], the space of all bounded functions on [a, b], to Sp(2,Δ), the space of quadratic splines on [a, b], is bounded, for any partition Δ of [a, b]. In §4, we develop global interpolation error bounds for quadratic spline interpolation. Finally, in §5, we develop local interpolation error bounds.
RECAP SERVICE CENTRE

ABSTRACT Biomass production research and research on technologies for conversion of biomass to energy is developing rapidly within the European Union. In the UK, it has become clear that the two research areas must, of necessity, be linked. To allow examination of this linkage, a comprehensive economic and systems model has been developed at ETSU. This model, known as the Renewable Energy Crop Analysis Programme, RECAP, is a versatile computer model of the complete biomass to energy chain. It details all costs from biomass production through harvesting and transportation to final energy conversion. Study of interdependencies and sensitivities to key factors are possible and rapid analysis of the positive effects of “what if scenarios can be undertaken. To make RECAP available to the UK biomass industry, a Service Centre is being established at ETSU. Industry will be invited to use RECAP to model their own biomass-to-energy scenarios with the guidance of biomass experts at ETSU. The centre will provide the biomass industry from growers, through developers and conversion plant manufacturers, the opportunity to assess the investment potential of a number of different bioenergy systems based on varying fuel supply and conversion strategies. This is the first time that this facility is being made available and as such, the RECAP Service Centre is unique. To add a spatial dimension to the Service Centre, RECAP will be linked to a geographical information system (GIS). This will allow for mapping of suitable land types for the production of biomass crops. Coupled with the associated costs of production, the biomass resource potential on a regional and national basis at successive costs of acquisition can be assessed.
Quarkonium tomography of heavy ion collisions at the LHC

Abstract Quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions provides a fundamental test of QCD. Its modification in a nuclear medium is a sensitive probe of the space-time temperature profile and transport properties of the QGP, yielding constraints complementary to the ones obtained from the quenching of light hadrons and jets, and open heavy flavor. In these proceedings, we report new results for the suppression of high transverse momentum charmonium [ J / ψ , ψ ( 2 S ) ] and bottomonium [ ϒ ( 1 S ) , ϒ ( 2 S ) , ϒ ( 3 S ) ] states in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Our theoretical formalism combines the collisional dissociation of quarkonia, as they propagate in the quark-gluon plasma, with the thermal wavefunction effects due to the screening of the Q Q ‾ attractive potential in the medium. We find that a good description of the relative suppression of the ground and higher excited quarkonium states, transverse momentum and centrality distributions is achieved, when comparison to measurements at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is performed. Theoretical predictions for the highest Pb+Pb center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV at the LHC, where new experimental results are being finalized are presented. Preliminary calculations for smaller systems, such as Xe+Xe are also shown. Last but not least, the potential of jet substructure to shed light in the mechanisms of heavy flavor production is discussed.
Mast Cell Activation Disease

Mast cell activation diseases (MCAD) are a rare family of disorders associated with mast cell degranulation from minor triggers. The effect of mast cell activation disease in pregnancy is poorly understood given its low rate of incidence. Persons with MCAD are at high risk for anaphylactic reactions during pregnancy and delivery, particularly if general anesthesia is required. Medical stabilization of mast cells should be considered, and medications known to trigger degranulation should be avoided.
Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival: The Mediating Effects of Macro-Social Context and Social Network Factors

This study attempts to clarify the associations between macro-social and social network factors and the continuing racial disparities in breast cancer survival. The study improves on prior methodologies by using a neighborhood disadvantage measure that assesses both economic and social disadvantage and an ego-network measurement tool that assesses key social network characteristics. Our population-based sample included 786 breast cancer patients (nHWhite=388; nHBlack=398) diagnosed during 2005-2008 in Chicago, IL. The data included census-derived macro-social context, self-reported social network, self-reported demographic and medically abstracted health measures. Mortality data from the National Death Index (NDI) were used to determine 5-year survival. Based on our findings, neighborhood concentrated disadvantage was negatively associated with survival among nHBlack and nHWhite breast cancer patients. In unadjusted models, social network size, network density, practical support, and financial support were positively associated with 5-year survival. However, in adjusted models only practical support was associated with 5-year survival. Our findings suggested that the association between network size and breast cancer survival is sensitive to scaling of the network measure, which helps to explain inconsistencies in past findings. Social networks of nHWhites and nHBlacks differed in size, social support dimensions, network density, and geographic proximity. Among social factors, residence in disadvantaged neighborhoods and unmet practical support explained some of the racial disparity in survival. Differences in late stage diagnosis and comorbidities between nHWhites and nHBlacks also explained some of the racial disparity in survival. Our findings highlight the relevance of social factors, both macro and inter-personal in the racial disparity in breast cancer survival. Findings suggest that reduced survival of nHBlack women is in part due to low social network resources and residence in socially and economically deprived neighborhoods. To improve survival among breast cancer patients social policies need to continue improving health care access as well as racially patterned social and economic disadvantage.
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated insertion of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) and anti-PE receptor in B-lymphocytes for selective activation into long-lived plasma cells for sustainable IDUA expression

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the IDUA gene. IDUA deficiency results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which ranges in clinical severity from Scheie syndrome (mild form) to Hurler syndrome (Severe form). At present enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are the standard of care for this disease1 . In order to develop new approaches to treating this disease we exploit the unique characteristic that B cells differentiate into antibody producing long-lived plasma cell. We use CRISPR/Cas9 2 mediated homologous directed repair (HDR) for site-specific insertion to co-express a therapeutic gene (IDUA) and phycoerythrin (PE). CRISPR/Cas9 system will create a double strand break at the endogenous B-cell receptor (BCR) of the B cell genome where homologous directed repair will facilitate the insertion of a therapeutic cassette under the expression of a synthetic promoter. A successfully engineered B cell will produce both IDUA and the PE receptor. A large quantity of IDUA will be secreted into the extracellular environment and the PE receptor will be transported to the cell membrane, which will allow us to selectively activate the engineered B cells into long-lived plasma cells that produce a large quantity of IDUA enzyme. Transplantation of this engineered plasma cells into an IDUA deficient mouse model will result in sustainable enzyme secretion into the circulation for systemic cross-correction of IDUA deficiency. This novel strategy will generate long-lived plasma cells that provide sustainable IDUA enzyme for a potential cell-based enzymotherapy for MPS I disorder. This engineering strategy has many potential applications for treating various enzymopathies.
The Bones of a Buddha and the Business of a Monk: Conservative Monastic Values in an Early Mahāyāna Polemical Tract

Le Maitreyamahāsimhanāda-sūtra fait partie d'une longue liste de mahāyāna sūtras peu connus qui ne semblent pas avoir eu une grande importance dans l'histoire du bouddhisme indien. Le present article est consacre a l'etude de ce sūtra par le biais du travail de Demieville qui a resume, paraphrase et traduit des parties de cette oeuvre. Pour comprendre meme imparfaitement l'histoire du bouddhisme en Inde, il est necessaire d'etudier non seulement ses reussites, mais aussi ses echecs apparents. Et l'article montre que le Maitreyasimhanāda semble bien etre un de ces echecs, mais qu'il vaut la peine d'etre etudie pour differentes raisons qui apparaissent ici.
Keep quiet on climate: Assessing public response to seven renewable energy frames in the Western United States

Abstract Support for renewable energy is often solicited by leveraging concern about environmental problems such as climate change. However, the environment – and especially climate change – is hyper-polarized amongst the American public, and non-environmental justifications for renewable energy may resonate more broadly. Using a 2016 mail survey of individuals living in five states in the Rocky Mountain region of the U.S., we examine predictors of public approval of renewable energy usage, approval of a 20% renewable portfolio standard policy, and agreement with seven frames for renewable energy, of which four referenced the environment and three did not. We build upon previous research by analyzing geographic variation in frame agreement and by testing a religious environmental stewardship and resource-conservation frame. Results indicate high approval renewable energy but mixed support for the policy measure. Respondents on average agreed with all seven renewable energy frames, with energy security and energy diversification receiving the most support. Of the four environmental frames, air pollution and resource conservation had the most support, and the religion and climate frames had the least. We note variation by state, particularly on support for the policy measure. Political ideology and belief in human-caused global warming were consistent predictors, though gender, residence in a metro county, neoliberal ideology, and state of residence were also important. Overall, our results echo other research indicating that non-climate-based frames for renewable energy are likely to garner broader public support, but we suggest that the significance of this finding is particularly important in certain political and geographical contexts.
A Machine Learning System for Precipitation Estimation Using Satellite and Ground Radar Network Observations

Space-based precipitation products are often used for regional and/or global hydrologic modeling and climate studies. A number of precipitation products at multiple space and time scales have been developed based on satellite observations. However, their accuracy is limited due to the restrictions on spatiotemporal sampling of the satellite sensors and the applied parametric retrieval algorithms. Similarly, a ground-based weather radar is widely used for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), especially after the implementation of dual-polarization capability and urban scale deployment of high-resolution X-band radar networks. Ground-based radars are often used for the validation of various spaceborne measurements and products. This article introduces a novel machine learning-based data fusion framework to improve the satellite-based precipitation retrievals by incorporating dual-polarization measurements from a ground radar network. The prototype architecture of this fusion system is detailed. In particular, a deep learning multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model is designed to produce the rainfall estimates using the geostationary satellite infrared (IR) data and low earth orbit satellite passive microwave (PMW)-based retrievals as inputs. The high-quality rainfall products from the ground radar network are used as the target labels to train this MLP model. An urban scale demonstration study over the Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) metroplex is presented. In addition, the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (i.e., CMORPH) is adopted for preprocessing of the satellite observations. Rainfall products from this deep learning system are evaluated using the standard CMORPH products. The results show that the proposed data fusion framework can be used for generating accurate precipitation estimates and could be considered as an alternative tool for developing future satellite retrieval algorithms.
Research and Application of Safety protection system in electric Power Industry Control System

Power industry control system is an important of national’s key-infrastructure, it’s security is a matter of national strategic security. This paper reviews the factors that affect the reliability of power industrial control, make a in-depth analysis and mining in the Security detection and Safety monitoring, reinforce weak links. At last, make a prospect in power industry control system’s security.
Skiffle in the U.K.: the indigenization of a musical genre

This article examines the creation and diffusion of skiffle, and analyses how it emerged from the transatlantic flow of popular music from the United States to the United Kingdom, and the process b...
The Tyranny of the Normal Curve: How the “Bell Curve” Corrupts Educational Research and Practice

The idea that human behavior distributes more or less “normally” along the lines of a bell-shaped curve has achieved the level of common sense. However, only random events distribute normally, and the behavior of human beings is never truly random. The normal curve—as applied to human behavior, traits, and abilities of humans—is a myth, an example of scientific groupthink that distorts the meaning of educational research, leading to practices that fail to meet the needs of individuals or subgroups of students whose profiles depart from group norms. The antidote to the “tyranny of the normal curve” is for educators to shift their gaze from measures of normative tendencies to measures of variance.
Speckle-Based Optical Waveguide Reservoir Computer for Blind Signal Classification

An opto-electronic reservoir computer based on a light valve, multimode fiber speckle, and a camera combined with back-end signal processing experimentally performs blind signal classification for return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero communications signals at low signal-to-noise ratio.
Introduction: 2019 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research

Competition for the 2019 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research provided the five finalist papers featured in this special issue of the ...
The derailing impact of content standards–an equity focused district held back by narrow mathematics

Abstract Many school districts strive to achieve high mathematics achievement and equitable outcomes. This study examines the work of Gateside district, an urban district that had made great progress in the enactment of equity minded policies such as de-tracking and the availability of high-level mathematics to all students. A detailed, case study of teaching and learning in the high school mathematics classrooms showed that the equity focused work of the teachers and district leaders was compromised by the narrow mathematics standards that informed the tasks used in classrooms. The prevalence of narrow tasks led students to develop binary perceptions of each other, revealing a fundamental tension between narrow content standards and equitable outcomes.
Examining mental health stigma in a first-year seminar for student veterans.

To examine perceptions of mental health stigma among first-year student service members/veterans (SSM/Vs). Participants: 107 SSM/Vs enrolled in a first-semester seminar completed a pre- and post-te...
Threshout Regularization for Deep Neural Networks

Regularization is key to a well-trained, robust model capable of performing well on a test set. Deep learning suffers from a huge overfitting problem due to the large number of nodes, high dimensionality of parameters, and depth. Dropout regularization is a popular method of regularizing networks with Bernoulli noise injection, unlinking connections by dropping random nodes to zero. We introduce a better version of Dropout, called Threshout, that uses Gaussian noise and soft thresholding to regularize deep neural networks. Based on wavelet subband denoising, our proposed method offers more randomness and robustness than Dropout through its flexibility, and more varied noise injection. Experimental results on four benchmark classification datasets prove that our proposed method outperforms Dropout in accuracy and in the prevention of overfitting.
Polynomial-Time Sum-of-Squares Can Robustly Estimate Mean and Covariance of Gaussians Optimally.

In this work, we revisit the problem of estimating the mean and covariance of an unknown $d$-dimensional Gaussian distribution in the presence of an $\varepsilon$-fraction of adversarial outliers. The pioneering work of [DKK+16] gave a polynomial time algorithm for this task with optimal $\tilde{O}(\varepsilon)$ error using $n = \textrm{poly}(d, 1/\varepsilon)$ samples. On the other hand, [KS17b] introduced a general framework for robust moment estimation via a canonical sum-of-squares relaxation that succeeds for the more general class of certifiably subgaussian and certifiably hypercontractive [BK20] distributions. When specialized to Gaussians, this algorithm obtains the same $\tilde{O}(\varepsilon)$ error guarantee as [DKK+16] but incurs a super-polynomial sample complexity ($n = d^{O(\log(1/\varepsilon)}$) and running time ($n^{O(\log(1/\varepsilon))}$). This cost appears inherent to their analysis as it relies only on sum-of-squares certificates of upper bounds on directional moments while the analysis in [DKK+16] relies on lower bounds on directional moments inferred from algebraic relationships between moments of Gaussian distributions. We give a new, simple analysis of the same canonical sum-of-squares relaxation used in [KS17b, BK20] and show that for Gaussian distributions, their algorithm achieves the same error, sample complexity and running time guarantees as of the specialized algorithm in [DKK+16]. Our key innovation is a new argument that allows using moment lower bounds without having sum-of-squares certificates for them. We believe that our proof technique will likely be useful in developing further robust estimation algorithms.
Impact of functional groups on the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of aromatic carbonyls to alcohols

Abstract Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of biomass-derived feedstocks has a critical dependence on the molecular structure of the organic and its adsorption on the electrode surface. In this study, we investigated the role of functional groups in the adsorption of the organic molecule on the charged Pd (111) surface and its subsequent effect on organic reduction in electrochemical hydrogenation of organic molecules. With three aromatic carbonyls of benzaldehyde (BZD), acetophenone (ACE), and vanillin (VAN), we rationalize molecular-scale adsorption and interfacial charge transfer processes by employing density-functional-theory based ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We observe that the functional group and electrode charge strongly affect the proximity of organic molecule to the Pd (111) surface, where distances of aromatic ring and carbonyl group of the organic on the electrode change distinctively with functional groups and charge state of electrode, which strongly impact reduction of organics on the surface. Calculations of differential electron density show the strongest reduction with benzaldehyde via interfacial electron transfer from the charged Pd surface. We also observe that the interaction between the functional groups and solvent (VAN > BZD > ACE) significantly influence the organic interaction with the charged electrode (BZD > VAN > ACE), resulting in the net interaction energy between the organic and the electrode in the order of BZD > ACE > VAN. Experimental measurement of ECH rate also show the same trend of the net interaction energy. These results demonstrate the significance of solvent effect on the reducibility of organic molecules on electrodes.
Rethinking the 1950s: How Anticommunism and the Cold War Made America Liberal

Historians generally portray the 1950s as a conservative era when anticommunism and the Cold War subverted domestic reform, crushed political dissent, and ended liberal dreams of social democracy. These years, historians tell us, represented a turn to the right, a negation of New Deal liberalism, an end to reform. Jennifer A. Delton argues that, far from subverting the New Deal state, anticommunism and the Cold War enabled, fulfilled, and even surpassed the New Deal's reform agenda. Anticommunism solidified liberal political power and the Cold War justified liberal goals such as jobs creation, corporate regulation, economic redevelopment, and civil rights. She shows how despite President Eisenhower's professed conservativism, he maintained the highest tax rates in US history, expanded New Deal programs, and supported major civil rights reforms.
TU-A-210-02: HIFU: Why Should a Radiation Oncology Physicist Pay Attention?

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has developed rapidly in recent years and is used frequently for clinical treatments in Asia and Europe with increasing clinical use and clinical trial activity in the US, making it an important medical technology with which the medical physics community must become familiar. Akin to medical devices that deliver treatments using ionizing radiation, HIFU relies on emitter geometry to non-invasively form a tight focus that can be used to affect diseased tissue while leaving healthy tissue intact. HIFU is unique in that it does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, it causes thermal necrosis in 100% of the treated tissue volume, and it has an immediate treatment effect. However, because it is an application of ultrasound energy, HIFU interacts strongly with tissue interfaces, which makes treatment planning challenging. In order to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of HIFU as a thermal therapy, it is important to understand the underlying physics of ultrasound tissue interactions. The first lecture in the session will provide an overview of the physics of ultrasound wave propagation; the mechanism for the accumulation of heat in soft-tissue; image-guidance modalities including temperature monitoring; current clinical applications and commercial devices; active clinical trials; alternate mechanisms of action (future of FUS). The second part of the session will compare HIFU to existing ionization radiation techniques. The difficulties in defining a clear concept of absorbed dose for HIFU will be discussed. Some of the technical challenges that HIFU faces will be described, with an emphasis on how the experience of radiation oncology physicists could benefit the field. Learning Objectives: 1. Describe the basic physics and biology of HIFU, including treatment delivery and image guidance techniques. 2. Summarize existing and emerging clinical applications and manufacturers for HIFU. 3. Understand that thermal ablation with HIFU is likely the first of several applications of the technology 4. Learn about some similarities and differences between HIFU and ionizing radiation in terms of physics and biological effects. 5. Learn about some of the technical challenges HIFU faces that might benefit from the experience of radiation oncology physicists including treatment planning improvements, quality assurance procedures, and treatment risk analysis. David Schlesinger receives research support from Elekta Instruments, AB. Matt Eames is an employee of the Focused Ultrasound Foundation which supports research and clinical trials. Dr. Eames conducts research which is supported by the Focused Ultrasound Foundation.
Expanding the armamentarium for effective PFO closure.

Key Points PFO Closure with the Nit-Occlud PFO Occlusion device is feasible and safe. Residual shunting across the PFO at 6 months requires further definition. Longer term follow-up is required to establish clinical efficacy.
Association of coarctation of the aorta and pregnancy: Case report

Abstract A case of coarctation of the aorta associated with an uneventful pregnancy in a 20-year-old Negro woman is reported.
Structuring Intergovernmental Grants to Local Governments: Lessons from South Africa

South Africa has been going through a period of transition over the past three years as it changes its system of public finance from a structure suited to the old apartheid system to one consistent with the new South African Constitution. While the former system was highly centralized, the new constitution makes a clear commitment to municipal governments as important providers of government services, with greater tax and spending powers. Even as local autonomy has been substantially increased, there remains uncertainty as to the most appropriate design of a system of intergovernmental fiscal grants to metropolitan areas and townships.
Water maser monitoring of IRAS 16293-2422

Emission from the water maser associated with the primary component of the protobinary star IRAS16293-2422 has been monitored since 1986 Dec.
The Value of Knowing the Local

This study offers an example of ‘standing theology’, as distinguished from sitting theology or kneeling theology. The occasion from which this presentation has been adapted and abbreviated was the Bishop's address to diocesan clergy following the Diocesan Synod in May 2014, reflecting on the importance of scholarly study and personal formation to building up the Body of Christ, and drawing on Ephesians 4: 11–13.
Field emission characteristics of diamond coated molybdenum field emitters

Diamond deposition on single Mo field emitters was studied following microwave plasma CVD and biased dipping in a solution of diamond powder. TEM and SEM observation revealed a significant amount of diamond on the tip of the Mo emitter. The field emission characteristics of the Mo emitters were investigated before and after diamond deposition and data were analyzed using Fowler-Nordheim theory. After diamond coating, the emission current was found to increase by more than one order of magnitude compared to that of the same uncoated emitter. An explanation of this behavior is proposed.
The Picture in Your Mind

Discussed throughout have been several theoretical issues. What is particularly important about these theories for the media professional is that, in contrast to other learning theories, e.g., reinforcement, they address the basic pictorial vs. verbal characteristics of media and provide a beginning framework for understanding how these influence learning. The intent of this article has been to establish and extend interest in imagery research among media researchers and practitioners. The following conclusions and observations seem pertinent to this intent and justified by the foregoing introduction to the imagery literature. 1. Imagery theory provides some relatively basic ways to conceive and investigate the effects of instructional media, both verbal and pictorial, particularly with reference to the cognitive “fate” of these stimuli as they are processed, stored, recalled, and used by the learner. 2. Imagery processes are currently being intensively investigated, but are as yet only partially understood. Evidence to date implicates them most focally in memory tasks, but suggests they may also function importantly in concept learning, problem solving, and thinking. 3. Imagery research and theory is still controversial, and definitive research into the basic cognitive role(s) of imagery is difficult to operationalize and control. Nonetheless, study-by-study and bit-by-bit a coherent and respectable pattern is beginning to emerge. 4. The potential consequences of imagery concepts for instructional media research and practice are far reaching, in my judgment.
Lateral spin valve device for magnetic reader applications fabricated by an Etch back process

It has been proposed to use lateral spin valve (LSV) devices for read head applications in magnetic recording. Devices used for read heads such as GMR or MTJ devices typically have complex material stacks and large heights. However, for magnetic recording applications, it is desirable to decrease this height in order to increase the resolution of the read head. Lateral spin valves are an appealing alternative since they consist of two main layers: a nonmagnetic (NM) channel and ferromagnet (FM) layer; therefore, LSVs have the potential to be ultra-thin. The top-down process allows for the entire material stack to be deposited in vacuum and helps improve interface quality as well as the magnetic properties, therefore enabling future integration with perpendicular magnetic materials. The process allows us to improve scalability by controlling individual nanomagnet and channel sizes, as opposed to FM strips commonly fabricated using lift-off methods. Along with these benefits, this process is similar to techniques currently used for MTJ applications and therefore this process an appealing approach for LSV applications in industry.
Curbing Broker-Dealers' Abusive Sales Practices: Does Professor Jensen's Integrity Framework Offer a Better Approach?

Retail investors, particularly senior citizens, need competent and careful investment advice more than ever before. Many must rely on the services provided by investment advice providers, including broker-dealers. Regulators have sounded the alarm about sales of risky, complex products to retail customers in search of better returns, especially senior citizens and retirees. Both the SEC and FINRA have identified abusive broker-dealer sales practices as priorities in their examinations of broker-dealers and have brought numerous enforcement actions against broker-dealers for sales practices that harm retail investors. These enforcement actions frequently allege both failures of the firms’ due diligence processes to assure the suitability of recommended investments and failures of the supervisory and compliance systems that are supposed to detect and deter impermissible sales practices.In this essay, prepared for the Wake Forest Law Review Business Law Symposium, Agency Theory: Still Viable?, I explore whether Michael Jensen’s integrity framework, set forth in Werner Erhard & Michael C. Jensen, Putting Integrity into Finance: A Purely Positive Approach (3 March 2013), could provide an effective alternative for improving broker-dealers’ sales practices.
Truncation of the carboxy-terminal 28 amino acids of glycoprotein B specified by herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant amb1511-7 causes extensive cell fusion.

Abstract Three amber mutations were introduced proximal to the syn3 locus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein B (gB) gene specifying gB derivatives lacking the carboxy-terminal 28, 49, or 64 amino acids. A complementation system that utilized gBs expressed in COS cells to complement gB-null virus K delta T was established. The 49- or 64-amino-acid-truncated gBs failed to complement gB-null virus K delta T, while the 28-amino-acid-truncated gB complemented K delta T efficiently. Mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 KOS (amb1511-7) specifying the 28-amino-acid-truncated gB fused Vero cells extensively.
Visual Navigation Aid for the Blind in Dynamic Environments

We describe a robust method to estimate egomotion in highly dynamic environments. Our application is a head mounted stereo system designed to help the visually impaired navigate. Instead of computing egomotion from 3D point correspondences in consecutive frames, we propose to find the ground plane, then decompose the 6DoF egomotion into the motion of the ground plane, and a planar motion on the ground plane. The ground plane is estimated at each frame by analysis of the disparity array. Next, we estimate the normal to the ground plane. This is done either from the visual data, or from the IMU reading. We evaluate the results on both synthetic and real scenes, and compare the results of the direct, 6 DoF estimate with our plane-based approach, with and without the IMU. We conclude that the egomotion estimation using this new approach produces significantly better results, both in simulation and on real data sets.
Interplay Between Genomic Alterations and Androgen Receptor Signaling During Prostate Cancer Development and Progression

Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) eventually relapses to an ADT-resistant disease referred to as castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Recent integrative analyses of PCa genomes have led to the elucidation of potential subtypes that are revelatory to the development of PCa as well as the mechanisms of resistance to ADT and CRPC progression. These studies have confirmed that alterations in the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis are central to CRPC progression, and have uncovered complex mechanisms by which AR and other components of the AR signaling axis affect, and are affected by, genomic changes and epigenetic transformations. Among the most frequent alterations in CRPC are direct alterations in the AR gene. These AR gene alterations include AR amplification, point mutations, and more recently AR gene rearrangements leading to expression of truncated, constitutively active AR splice variants that are impervious to ADT. In this review, we will highlight genomic alterations that are important for development and progression of PCa, with a focus on how these alterations affect, and are affected by, activity of the AR signaling axis.
PMD tolerance testing of optical interfaces

Improving the tolerance to polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is considered to be one of the major prerequisites for the success of modern high bit rate optical communication systems. Various approaches such as optical compensation, electrical mitigation, multi-level modulation formats promise to increase the PMD tolerance of optical systems, whereas the question of how to experimentally characterize these solutions needs to be answered before commercial deployment. This is not an easy task since these systems need to be characterized with respect to first and higher order PMD but also with respect to their dynamic behavior. We show that deterministic polarization controllers combined with in-situ measurement of PMD can help to explore the PMD tolerance of an optical communication system and to generate reliable and repeatable results by avoiding statistical elements such as polarization scramblers. These elements can be combined to form a PMD testbed which allows to stress a system by applying a deterministic amount of PMD including a well-defined rate of change. Such a PMD testbed can be used during development of adaptive mitigators as well as for compliance testing. Finding an agreement on standard test procedures for such a testbed will make the evaluation of PMD tolerant receivers easier and more comparable.
Investigation of field variation in multi‐pole magnetic components

Using traditional methods, a fine magnetic pole pitch of less than 1 mm was very difficult to achieve and a complicated magnetization system was required. A linear wire circuit pattern was designed and formed on the printed circuit board (PCB) with a periodic structure, which provides a loop allowing the current to flow in opposite directions to induce different magnetic fields among the wire circuit. Correspondingly, a multi-pole magnetic component with a fine magnetic pole pitch of less than 1 mm was accomplished. Various multi-pole magnetic components with different pitch sizes of 400 μm and 500 μm were fabricated to investigate the field variation.
John Bright's contribution to the anti‐corn law league

(1970). John Bright's contribution to the anti‐corn law league. Western Speech: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 16-20.
Contact highs and urinary cannabinoid excretion after passive exposure to marijuana smoke

Five healthy men were passively exposed under pre- and postplacebo controlled conditions to sidestream smoke from four and 16 standard marijuana cigarettes (2.8% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [delta-9-THC]) for 1 hour each day for 6 consecutive days. Subjective effects produced by the 16-cigarette exposure conditions were similar to those observed after active smoking of one 2.8% delta-9-THC marijuana cigarette. Effects after the four-cigarette condition were less pronounced. Concurrent physiologic measurements showed no clear trends or effects of smoke exposure for either condition. Daily mean plasma levels of delta-9-THC ranged from 2.4 to 7.4 ng/ml with an individual high of 18.8 ng/ml for the 16-cigarette condition. With the use of EMIT cannabinoid assays with 20 ng/ml (EMIT 20) and 100 ng/ml (EMIT 100) cutoffs, urines positive per subject under the four- and 16-cigarette passive exposure conditions were 4.6 +/- 2.2 and 35.2 +/- 3.8, respectively, for the EMIT 20 and 0.0 and 1.0 +/- 0.8, respectively, for the EMIT 100 assay. From the results of these studies, caution is clearly indicated for individuals who might be substantially exposed to heavy marijuana cigarette smoke environments and for those interpreting marijuana screening data.
On the Precipice of a “Majority-Minority” America Perceived Status Threat From the Racial Demographic Shift Affects White Americans’ Political Ideology

The U.S. Census Bureau projects that racial minority groups will make up a majority of the U.S. national population in 2042, effectively creating a so-called majority-minority nation. In four experiments, we explored how salience of such racial demographic shifts affects White Americans' political-party leanings and expressed political ideology. Study 1 revealed that making California's majority-minority shift salient led politically unaffiliated White Americans to lean more toward the Republican Party and express greater political conservatism. Studies 2, 3a, and 3b revealed that making the changing national racial demographics salient led White Americans (regardless of political affiliation) to endorse conservative policy positions more strongly. Moreover, the results implicate group-status threat as the mechanism underlying these effects. Taken together, this work suggests that the increasing diversity of the nation may engender a widening partisan divide.
Whither Management Education? Professional Education, Action Learning and Beyond

As pedagogical approaches, the professional education model and more recently action learning have each made important contributions to the preparation of experienced students for management practi...
A single amino acid substitution in the alpha 3 domain of an H-2 class I molecule abrogates reactivity with CTL

We previously described a somatic cell expressing a variant H-2Dd molecule that did not serve as a target for alloreactive anti-Dd CTL. The mutant cell line had been isolated by its failure to express a serological epitope present on the H-2Dd alpha 3 domain. In the present study the alpha 3 domain of the Dd molecule of this somatic cell variant was sequenced and a single nucleotide change resulting in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at residue 227 was identified. This change was reproduced in the cloned H-2Dd gene by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Cells transfected with this mutant gene were not killed by anti-H-2Dd CTL. Because previous studies using hybrid H-2 class I molecules had established that the alpha 3 domain does not express allele-specific determinants recognized by CTL, our results raise the possibility that residues in the alpha 3 domain of H-2 class I molecules are critical for CTL recognition and constitute a conserved (or monomorphic) determinant recognized by CTL.
Drug interactions associated with methadone, buprenorphine, cocaine, and HIV medications: Implications for pregnant women

Pregnancy in substance-abusing women with HIV/AIDS presents a complex clinical challenge. Opioid-dependent women need treatment with opioid therapy during pregnancy to protect the health of mother and developing fetus. However, opioid therapies, methadone and buprenorphine, may have drug interactions with some HIV medications that can have adverse effects leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes. Further, many opioid-dependent individuals have problems with other forms of substance abuse, for example, cocaine abuse, that could also contribute to poor clinical outcomes in a pregnant woman. Physiological changes, including increased plasma volume and increased hepatic and renal blood flow, occur in the pregnant woman as the pregnancy progresses and may alter medication needs with the potential to exacerbate drug interactions, although there is sparse literature on this issue. Knowledge of possible drug interactions between opioids, other abused substances such as cocaine, HIV therapeutics, and other frequently required medications such as antibiotics and anticonvulsants is important to assuring the best possible outcomes in the pregnant woman with opioid dependence and HIV/AIDS.
Functional relationship between minority-carrier density and injection level in a bipolar transistor

Starting from an analytical relation between the excess carrier density in the base and the base transit time, the excess carrier density is expressed in terms of the injection current in a bipolar transistor. Comparison of this with exact calculation using a digital computer is shown to yield an error of less than 2%.
DNA Intersegment Transfer, How Steroid Receptors Search for A Target Site

The mammalian nucleus contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA, encoding about 100,000 genes, yet in a given cell steroid hormones induce only a handful of genes. The logistical difficulties faced by steroid receptors or other transcription factors of sorting through this much genetic information is further increased by the density of nuclear DNA (approximately 10-50 mg/ml). Standard models propose that steroid receptors find target elements by repeated cycles of dissociation and reassociation until a high affinity site is found (cycling model) and/or by conducting a one-dimensional search along the DNA (sliding model). A third model proposes that steroid receptors search for target sites in the genome by DNA intersegment transfer. In this model, receptor dimers bind nonspecific DNA sequences and search for a target site by binding a second strand of DNA before dissociating from the first, in effect moving through the genome like Tarzan swinging from vine to vine. This model has the advantage that a high concentration of DNA favors, rather than hinders, the search. The intersegment transfer model predicts, in contrast to the cycling and sliding models, that the dissociation rate of receptor from DNA is highly dependent on DNA concentration. We have employed the purified DNA binding domain fragment from the rat glucocorticoid receptor to perform equilibrium and kinetic studies of the DNA dependence of receptor-DNA dissociation. We find receptor dissociation from DNA to be highly dependent on the concentration of DNA in solution, in agreement with the intersegment transfer model. We also find that this interaction is primarily electrostatic, because DNA-like polyanion chains (e.g. heparin and polyglutamate) can mediate the transfer. These studies provide evidence that direct DNA transfer aids the target site search conducted by steroid receptors in their role as inducible transcription factors.