cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sample preparation for the determination of radiocalcium by accelerator mass spectrometry

Abstract An accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) technique has been developed for determining 41 Ca/ 40 Ca ratios at terrestrial levels of 10 −16 −10 −14 . Calcium is extracted as calcium oxide from bone and rock samples. The calcium oxide is converted into calcium metal and subsequently into calcium hydride in a two-step reduction process. From these calcium hydride samples 5–10 μA of a negative-ion beam of CaH − 3 is produced. A new gas-ionization detector and a high-resolution velocity detector allow discrimination against 41 K and the stable isotopes of Ca, resulting in background levels of less than 6 × 10 −16 . Hence it is possible (for the first time without pre-enrichment) to study the distribution of 41 Ca in the terrestrial environment. The AMS method for 41 Ca determination is applicable to samples of less than 1 g.
Assuring image authenticity within a data grid using lossless digital signature embedding and a HIPAA-compliant auditing system

A Data Grid for medical images has been developed at the Image Processing and Informatics Laboratory, USC to provide distribution and fault-tolerant storage of medical imaging studies across Internet2 and public domain. Although back-up policies and grid certificates guarantee privacy and authenticity of grid-access-points, there still lacks a method to guarantee the sensitive DICOM images have not been altered or corrupted during transmission across a public domain. This paper takes steps toward achieving full image transfer security within the Data Grid by utilizing DICOM image authentication and a HIPAA-compliant auditing system. The 3-D lossless digital signature embedding procedure involves a private 64 byte signature that is embedded into each original DICOM image volume, whereby on the receiving end the signature can to be extracted and verified following the DICOM transmission. This digital signature method has also been developed at the IPILab. The HIPAA-Compliant Auditing System (H-CAS) is required to monitor embedding and verification events, and allows monitoring of other grid activity as well. The H-CAS system federates the logs of transmission and authentication events at each grid-access-point and stores it into a HIPAA-compliant database. The auditing toolkit is installed at the local grid-access-point and utilizes Syslog [1], a client-server standard for log messaging over an IP network, to send messages to the H-CAS centralized database. By integrating digital image signatures and centralized logging capabilities, DICOM image integrity within the Medical Imaging and Informatics Data Grid can be monitored and guaranteed without loss to any image quality.
Con A stimulation of collagenase synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts

Presence of 10–1000 μg/ml of Con A in cultures of human gingival fibroblasts promoted the synthesis and secretion of collagenase. Incubation with Con A for a minimum of 6 hours was required for the effect which could be inhibited over this time period by the addition of α-methyl mannoside. In the continuous presence of Con A, a latent period of at least 8 hours was required before the stimulating effect was observed. Con A also stimulated the synthesis of a number of other unidentified proteins secreted into the medium. Of other lectins tested, phytohemagglutinin produced a moderate stimulation of collagenase production, but only a small effect was observed with pokeweed mitogen and wheat germ agglutinin. The enzyme, which was detected almost entirely in a latent form, was shown to be a true collagenase through the production of typical 3/4- and 1/4- fragments from a collagen substrate at neutral pH and the inhibition of activity by sulfhydryl compounds and metal chelators.
Proof of nanosecond timescale relaxation in apomyoglobin by phase fluorometry

Abstract Apomyoglobin was labeled with the fluorescent probe 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (TNS). Apparent phase shift and demodulation lifetimes of bound TNS were measured at various emission wavelengths. The lifetimes increased with increasing wavelength. Similar results were obtained for TNS in the viscous solvent glycerol at 10°C but not for TNS in vitrified or fluid solvent. The wavelength-dependent lifetimes suggest apomyoglobin is relaxing around the TNS molecule during its fluorescent lifetime. Importantly, the apparent phase lifetimes exceeded the apparent modulation lifetimes on the long wavelength side of the emission for TNS in apomyoglobin at 3°C and for TNS in glycerol at 10°C. This result proves the increasing lifetimes are a result of an excited state reaction during the lifetime of the excited state and are not a result of heterogeneity in the fluorescence emission. From the lifetimes on the short wavelength side of the emission the relaxation time of apomyoglobin was estimated to be 18 nsec.
A pharmacological study in the kindling model of epilepsy

Abstract The anticonvulsant properties of carbamazepine were evaluated in the kindled amygdaloid seizure model in rats. Carbamazepine significantly raised the threshold for seizures, reduced the duration of elicited afterdischarges and attenuated the severity of seizures in previously-kindled rats, at doses that did not cause sedation or ataxia. A similar reduction in the duration of elicited afterdischarges and severity of seizures was seen after suprathreshold stimulation (400 μA) with doses of carbamazepine that were without obvious sedative or ataxic effects. After acute intraperitoneal injections (solvent = 2% Tween-80 and70% propylene glycol), the maximum anticonvulsant effectiveness against suprathreshold stimulation was seen at 30 min. When administered daily (13 days) during acquisition or development of kindling, carbamazepine (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) had variable effects on kindling. Neither dose consistently reduced the duration of elicited afterdischarges during the acquisition phase. Both groups tended to reduce the developing seizure, with the smaller dose of carbamazepine (25 mg/kg) resulting in a more consistent and significant reduction in severity of seizures. No significant differences in number of daily stimulations needed to reach fully kindled seizures were found. Previous studies have reported variable results with carbamazepine and the kindled amygdaloid seizure in rats. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of carbamazepine in this model of epilepsy and discusses the results with regard to the findings reported previously.
Platform Investment Decisions in Product Family Design

The paper proposes an intermediate modeling ground that bridges the gap between engineering design models and marketing models for the development of platform-based product families. In this model, each variant in the product family is assumed to contribute a percentage to the overall market coverage inside a target market segment and we wish to maximize this coverage subject to an available development budget. Following the conceptual engineering design phase of the product family, this model will optimize the initial investment in the platform, the commonality level between variants, and the number of variants to be produced in order to maximize market coverage. An application of the model using a Drill product family is included to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Identification of host fruit volatiles from three mayhaw species (Crataegus series Aestivales) attractive to mayhaw-origin Rhagoletis pomonella flies in the southern United States.

The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, infests several hawthorn species in the southern USA. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these populations could serve as reservoirs for fruit odor discrimination behaviors facilitating sympatric host race formation and speciation, specifically the recent shift from downy hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) to domestic apple (Malus domestica) in the northern USA. Coupled gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and flight tunnel bioassays were used to identify the behaviorally active natal fruit volatile blends for three of the five major southern hawthorns: C. opaca (western mayhaw), C. aestivalis (eastern mayhaw), and C. rufula (a possible hybrid between C. opaca and C. aestivalis). A 6-component blend was developed for C. opaca (3-methylbutan-1-ol [44%], pentyl acetate [6%], butyl butanoate [6%], propyl hexanoate [6%], butyl hexanoate [26%], and hexyl butanoate [12%]); an 8-component blend for C. aestivalis (3-methylbutan-1-ol [2%], butyl acetate [47%], pentyl acetate [2%], butyl butanoate [12%], propyl hexanoate [1%], butyl hexanoate [25%], hexyl butanoate [9%], and pentyl hexanoate [2%]); and a 9-component blend for C. rufula (3-methylbutan-1-ol [1%], butyl acetate [57%], 3-methylbutyl acetate [3%], butyl butanoate [5%], propyl hexanoate [1%], hexyl propionate [1%], butyl hexanoate [23%], hexyl butanoate [6%], and pentyl hexanoate [3%]). Crataegus aestivalis and C. opaca-origin flies showed significantly higher levels of upwind directed flight to their natal blend in flight tunnel assays compared to the non-natal blend and previously developed apple, northern downy hawthorn, and flowering dogwood blends. Eastern and western mayhaw flies also were tested to the C. rufula blend, with eastern flies displaying higher levels of upwind flight compared with the western flies, likely due to the presence of butyl acetate in the C. aestivalis and C. rufula blends, an agonist compound for eastern mayhaw-origin flies, but a behavioral antagonist for western flies. The results discount the possibility that the apple fly was “pre-assembled” and originated via a recent introduction of southern mayhaw flies predisposed to accepting apple. Instead, the findings are consistent with the possibility of southern mayhaw-infesting fly host races. However, mayhaw fruits do emit several volatiles found in apple. It is, therefore, possible that the ability of the fly to evolve a preference for apple volatiles, although not the entire blend, stemmed, in part, from standing variation related to the presence of these compounds in southern mayhaw fruit.
Using tangent balls to find plane sections of natural quadrics

Geometric constructions for computing plane sections of the natural quadric surfaces that operate on planes and natural quadrics in general position and orientation are developed. The procedures separate geometric descriptions of the resulting conic sections. The algorithms are extremely fast, numerically robust, and do not employ coordinate system transformations of any sort. >
Formation of Highly Dense Aligned Ribbons and Transparent Films of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Directly from Carpets

Utilizing aligned carbon nanotube arrays grown from chemical vapor deposition, we present a highly scalable route toward the formation of ribbons and ultrathin transparent films directly from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube arrays (SWNT carpets). To "lay-over" the aligned nanotubes to form a film, we use a roller which acts to compress the film and preserve the alignment of nanotubes within the film. As we demonstrate, we can control the nanotube-catalyst interaction, leading to highly efficient transfer of the film to virtually any host substrate by following growth with a controlled H(2)O vapor etch. In addition, we demonstrate our ability to grow carpets on patterned substrates leading to upright carpet lines, which can be rolled over to form transparent films composed of ultralong carbon nanotubes. This work demonstrates a highly scalable technique to form homogeneous, transparent films of aligned SWNTs that can be ultralong with absolutely no need for liquid phase SWNT processing.
Recurrent sinus pericranii in a 14-year-old boy

A case of symptomatic and recurrent sinus pericranii in a 14-year-old boy is presented. A blood-filled cyst was diagnosed after head trauma. The sinus pericranii was surgically removed. One year later the patient presented with blurred vision, headaches, and recurrence at a different site in the skull.
Homology of maximal orders in central simple algebras

and moreover that HH2(O/R) = 0. These two facts greatly facilitate the computation of the cyclic homology HC∗(O/R) ([3]). This paper presents non-commutative analogues of the main results of [3]. In particular, L is to be replaced by a central simple algebra D over K, while O is taken to be a maximal R-order in D. Of course, O is not, in general, uniquely defined by R and D, but it turns out that the homology of O/R is independent of the choice of maximal order. We prove that (0.1) remains valid in the non-commutative context but that the odd Hochschild homology groups vanish. The first section is devoted to generalities on Hochschild homology. We do not claim to prove any new result but only to establish notation and give self-contained proofs of various facts for which we could not find convenient references. The main results, the periodicity theorem and the vanishing theorem, are proved in §2 when R is a complete discrete valuation ring with perfect residue field. We construct an element in Hochschild cohomology such that Yoneda product gives the desired periodicity. The calculations needed to compute the low-dimensional Hochschild homology groups are laborious, but the resulting formulae are quite simple. The globalization is carried out in §3 and is completely standard. The vanishing of odd Hochschild homology guarantees that the Loday-Quillen spectral sequence degenerates at E, so it is easy to compute cyclic homology, in both the local and the global case, up to extension. This is explained in §4, where the extension problem is partially solved by an application of the universal coefficient theorem.
“Islam and Woman: Where Tradition Meets Modernity”: History and Interpretations of Islamic Women's Status

The status of Islamic women varies in different Muslim countries, which interpret Islamic religion and law differently, especially with regard to their attitudes toward women. Most of these Islamic countries have specific beliefs about women and have restrictions concerning them. Gender stereotypes of Islamic women have their origin in the evolution of the Muslim religion. This is similar to the early development of many other religions and how the gender stereotypes of women developed along with the development of these religions. This paper describes the meaning of being a Muslim and the doctrine of the Qur'an, which came from the revelations to Muhammad, Islam's founder and prophet about 610 C.E. During Muhammad's life, he was sympathetic toward women and was concerned about their equal treatment, including full religious responsibility. Although the restrictions were still there on women, their treatment was much more favorable than after Muhammad's death. Conditions for women under Muhammad's successors became worse. Attitudes and perceptions about women were even more negative. Women were isolated, secluded, forced to pray at home—not in the mosque, and exclusion was put into practice. Women were essentially removed from most sectors of society. Veiling of women included covering specific parts of their body to prevent enticing men. Women's status declined rapidly and any freedoms they had were essentially abolished. And as Islam spread across the centuries, these restrictions and practices were adopted, amended, or made more extreme by most if not all Muslim countries and have continued until the present time. The current status of women in Islamic countries is described along with the intensified discussions and debates concerning women, presently taking place. In some states, bills and laws were passed to improve conditions of women but some have already been revoked. In other countries, new restrictions have been proposed. Nevertheless, Islamic women and women's groups are continuing the struggle for their rights. This struggle, amidst the continuing turmoil in the Middle East and the increase in fundamentalist groups, has unfortunately made the final outcome for women yet to be decided.
Hodge theory on domains with conic singularities

(1983). Hodge theory on domains with conic singularities. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 65-88.
Metabolic reduction of 1-(p-acetylbenzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylurea (acetohexamide) in different species.

SummaryMetabolism of acetohexamide 1 - (p-acetylbenzenesulfl) -β -cyclohexylurea was investigated in dogs, rabbits, rats, and man. Trace amounts of unchanged drug were excreted by dogs and man. All species excreted the reduced form 1-(p-α-hydroxyethylbenzenesulfonyl) −3 -cyclohexylurea. In a dog, a rabbit and 2 human subjects, 49 to 59% was recovered as metabolite in the urine, but only 18% in the pooled urine of 6 rats. Chromatograms of rat urine revealed no other metabolites.The authors are indebted to Messrs. D. O. Woolf and L. H. Howard for infrared and ultraviolet absorption data, and to Miss Ann VanCamp for x-ray diffraction patterns.
Citizens’ Perceptions of Governance in Rural and Urban China

This article presents three main findings from a purposive stratified survey of urban and rural residents. First, Chinese citizens “disaggregate” the state with high levels of satisfaction for Central government that fall dramatically as government gets closer to the people. Satisfaction levels are noticeably lower for those in rural China. Second, attitudes about the way policy is implemented by local governments raise concerns. Irrespective of place of residence, respondents feel that when implementing policy local officials and governments are mainly concerned with their own interests, are more receptive to the views of their superiors rather than those of ordinary people, favor those with money, and are formalistic in implementing policy rather than dealing with actual problems. Third, the areas of work that citizens would really like government to concentrate on are job creation and providing basic guarantees to protect against the shocks of the transition to a market economy.
Phosphorylation of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase by casein kinase I and casein kinase II☆

Two cAMP-independent acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) protein kinases have been partially purified from rat liver cytosol and microsomal extracts. The first kinase, present in greatest activity in microsomal extracts, appears to be identical to casein kinase I by characteristic molecular size on gel filtration (Mr 40,000) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis (Mr 34,000), autophosphorylation of this single subunit, inability to efficiently utilize GTP, and resistance to inhibition by heparin and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The second kinase, predominant in cytosol, appears to be identical to casein kinase II by characteristic molecular size on gel filtration (Mr 150,000), an autophosphorylated subunit of Mr 25,000, a Km for GTP nearly equal to that of ATP, inhibition by heparin and 2,3 DPG, and relative substrate specificity. Despite the incorporation of up to 2 mol 32P/mol carboxylase subunit (kinase I) and 0.6 mol/subunit (kinase II), phosphorylation by either kinase causes no change in carboxylase activity. The site(s) phosphorylated by each kinase and by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase on carboxylase appear to be clustered on a Mr 16,000 cyanogen bromide peptide that is readily released on incubation with trypsin. The potential roles of these kinases in the regulation of ACC remain to be clarified.
Caching Behaviour in the Gray Jay and the Source-Departure Decision for Rate-Maximizing Scatterhoarders

We developed a model that concerns, in part, how long a scatterhoarder should persist in caching food from an ephemeral, locally abundant source ('bonanza') before moving on in search of other sources. The model assumes that an animal scattering food caches for later use behaves in a manner that maximizes the rate at which it stores recoverable (surviving) food in its habitat. It is shown theoretically that under some conditions it is better not to cache all available food but instead to move on in search of other food sources. This 'source-departure decision' for scatterhoarders is analogous to the patch-departure decision for animals that forage among food patches. It is shown that whether, and at what point, a 'moving-on threshold' is reached should depend on the size of the source, the strength of density-dependent cache theft, and the abundance of sources in the habitat. A field experiment was performed to test the qualitative prediction that gray jays, Perisoreus canadensis, should not persist as long in caching food when a day-long opportunity for caching is restricted to a single source (single-source treatment) as when such an opportunity is divided among a series of disjunct sources (multiple-source treatment). In the single-source treatment, jays tended to cache at lower overall rates, transport food items to more distant cache sites, and spend less time caching. These tendencies became more pronounced later in the day. However, although the rate of caching approached zero in the single-source treatment, the jays did not completely cease caching. This apparent violation of the model is attributed to the behaviour of recaching, a facet of gray jay scatterhoarding behaviour that was not built into the model. This retrieval and redistribution of previous caches resulted in the stabilization of the density of caches near the source. In addition, this switch from single- to multiple-load caching trips arguably would make it economical for gray jays to continue to make caching trips from a source beyond the source-departure point predicted by the model. Our theoretical and empirical results begin to show how scatterhoarders may behave in a manner that maximizes the long-term average rate of storage of recoverable food energy throughout their habitat.
Cystoid macular edema in a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial myopathy.

Purpose: To report the findings of cystoid macular edema in a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and other systemic features of mitochondrial myopathy. Design: Observational case report. Methods: Retrospective review of the ophthalmic examination and genetic studies of a patient with chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia. Results: Fundus photos, retinal optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were significant for findings consistent with bilateral cystoid macular edema, which were found to have resolved after 18 months without treatment. The medical examination supported the diagnosis of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Fundus photos, retinal optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were significant for findings consistent with cystoid macular edema. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the occurrence CME in a patient with CPEO and additional systemic features.
Leading indicator based assessment of operational readiness in electronics subjected to multiple environments

Field deployed electronics may accrue damage due to environmental exposure and usage after finite period of service but may not often have any macro-indicators of failure such as cracks or delamination. A method to interrogate the damage state of field deployed electronics in the pre-failure space may allow insight into the damage initiation, progression, and remaining useful life of the deployed system. Aging has been previously shown to effect the reliability and constitutive behavior of second-level leadfree interconnects. Prognostication of accrued damage and assessment of residual life can provide valuable insight into impending failure. In this paper, field deployed parts have been extracted and prognosticated for accrued damage and remaining useful life in an anticipated future deployment environment. A subset of the field deployed parts have been tested to failure in the anticipated field deployed environment to validate the assessment of remaining useful life. In addition, some parts have been subjected to additional know thermo-mechanical stresses and the incremental damage accrued validated with respect to the amount of additional damage imposed on the assemblies. The presented methodology uses leading indicators of failure based on micro-structural evolution of damage to identify accrued damage in electronic systems subjected to sequential stresses of thermal aging and thermal cycling. Damage equivalency methodologies have been developed to map damage accrued in thermal aging to the reduction in thermo-mechanical cyclic life based on damage proxies. The expected error with interrogation of system state and assessment of residual life has been quantified. Prognostic metrics including α-λ metric, sample standard deviation, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, average bias, relative accuracy, and cumulative relative accuracy have been used to compare the performance of the damage proxies.
DHP-Based Wide-Area Coordinating Control of a Power System with a Large Wind Farm and Multiple FACTS Devices

Wide-area coordinating control is becoming an important issue and a challenging problem in the power industry. This paper proposes a novel optimal wide-area monitor and wide-area coordinating neurocontroller (WACNC), based on wide-area measurements, for a power system with power system stabilizers, a large wind farm, and multiple flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices. The wide-area monitor is a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) that identifies the input-output dynamics of the nonlinear power system. Its parameters are optimized through a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based method. The WACNC is designed by using the dual heuristic programming (DHP) method and RBFNNs. It operates at a global level to coordinate the actions of local power system controllers. Each local controller communicates with the WACNC, receives remote control signals from the WACNC to enhance its dynamic performance, and therefore helps improve system-wide dynamic and transient performance.
A Content and Methodological Analysis of 35 Years of Latino/a-Focused Research

Two separate studies were conducted to examine the contents and methodology of Latino/a-focused articles published during a period of 35 years in seven major journals used by counseling psychologists as well as the Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences. Together, the two studies suggest that acculturation, academic achievement, assessment, and alcohol, drugs, and tobacco use were the most common topics of inquiry. The results of these two studies also suggest that descriptive field methodologies were most commonly used and that convenience sampling procedures were used most frequently. Trends in the coverage of published research provide some evidence of the increased attention to Latino/a-focused research literature. However, results also indicate that Latino/a-focused articles represented only 2% of the total number of articles published in non—ethnic-specific journals. These two studies also illuminate potentially worthwhile areas for future inquiry.
Infectious Etiologies of Rhabdomyolysis: Three Case Reports and Review

Rhabdomyolysis can be precipitated by trauma, ischemia, metabolic defects, electrolyte abnormalities, drugs, and a wide variety of infectious diseases. At our institution, recent cases of rhabdomyolysis induced by influenza prompted us to review the infectious etiologies of this entity. In addition, a thorough literature search revealed numerous case reports but no general review on this subject. This study describes representative recent cases from our institution and details the wide variety of infections that can cause muscle damage. The pathophysiological mechanisms, muscle histology, and correlation with renal dysfunction are also discussed.
Failure diagnosis of discrete event systems: the case of intermittent faults

The diagnosis of "intermittent" faults in dynamic systems modeled as discrete event systems is considered. In many systems, faulty behavior often occurs intermittently, with fault events followed by corresponding "reset" events for these faults, followed by new occurrences of fault events, and so forth. Since these events are usually unobservable, it is necessary to develop diagnostic methodologies for intermittent faults. This paper addresses this issue by: (1) proposing a modeling methodology for discrete event systems with intermittent faults; (2) introducing new notions of diagnosability associated with fault and reset events; and (3) developing necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of the system model and the set of observable events, for these notions of diagnosability. The associated necessary and sufficient conditions are based upon the technique of "diagnosis" introduced in earlier work, albeit the structure of the diagnosis needs to be enhanced to capture the dynamic nature of faults in the system model. The diagnosability conditions are verifiable in polynomial time in the number of states of the diagnosis.
LSP and /spl lambda/SP Setup in GMPLS Networks

In this paper, a new optimal policy is introduced to determine and adapt the generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) network topology based on the current traffic load. The integrated traffic engineering paradigm provides mechanisms for dynamic addition of physical capacity to optical networks. In the absence of such mechanisms, the rejection of incoming requests will be higher. The objective of the proposed policy is to minimize the costs involving bandwidth, switching and signaling. The policy is derived by utilizing the Markov decision process theory. The new policy is split into two levels: the MPLS network level and the optical network level. In addition to the optimal policy, a sub-optimal policy and a threshold-based policy are also proposed which are less computationally intensive but have comparable performance to the optimal policy. The proposed policies have been evaluated by simulation and compared to some heuristics. Numerical results, which show their effectiveness and the achieved performance improvement, are presented.
Mineral processing water treatment using magnesium oxide

Two applications are described where magnesium oxide can be used to purify process water in two ways: to filter out suspended solids and to precipitate dissolved heavy metals. Comparative tests show MgO to be superior to silica sand and garnet sand for the filtration of several different particulates. Head loss occurs at a lower rate with MgO, turbidities are lower, and filter runs can be longer. MgO could be used in place of sand in existing equipment, and regeneration of the filter can be accomplished by conventional backflushing. Powdered MgO removes heavy metals from water to give a compact sludge that self-cements on standing. It precipitates metals better than lime, and the MgO-hydroxide sludge is more easily filtered or dewatered. The cost of MgO is greater than the cost of lime but the savings in sludge handling may more than compensate for the cost difference.
Differential cross section (angular distribution) for the reaction H+H2(v=j=0)→H2(v′, ODD j′)+H in the energy range 0.90-1.35 eV

Abstract Calculations are reported of the differential cross section for the reaction H+H2(v=j=0)→H2(v′, odd j′)+H for total energy E from 0.9 to 1.35 eV. Total angular momentum values up to J=24 are included in the partial wave summations, and in all respects these results should be the essentially exact (i.e. to a few percent) values for this (LSTH) potential energy surface. Complete differential cross sections are reported at several energies for final vibrational states v′=0 and 1, and for various final rotational states j′. Of particular interest is the energy dependence of the differential cross section for back-scattering. Specifically, it is seen that the energy dependence of the J=0 reaction probability is qualitatively similar to that of the differential cross section for back-scattering, so that resonance structure which is quite apparent in the former shows up to some extent in the latter. Even this structure, though, is not as pronounced as that reported in recent experimental results for the integral cross section. The lack of agreement between theory and experiment with regard to resonance structure in the energy dependence of these cross sections thus remains unaccounted for.
Compound In Vivo Inactivation of Pml and p53 Uncovers a Functional Interaction in Angiosarcoma Suppression

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) tumor suppressor gene was initially identified as part of the t(15:17) chromosomal translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The PML protein is responsible for the assembly and function of characteristic nuclear domains known as PMLnuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including growth suppression, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. PML’s many roles have been linked, at least in part, to its functional interaction with the tumor suppressor p53. It has been shown that PML favors both p53 accumulation and transcriptional activity; in turn, PML expression is directly regulated by p53, and this reciprocal regulation contributes to p53mediated apoptosis and senescence. Nevertheless, genetic proof and in vivo assessment of the relevance of this functional crosstalk are still missing. Here we show that complete Pml inactivation, in a context of p53 heterozygosity, redistributes and expands the tumor spectrum leading to the formation of angiosarcomas and increased lymphomagenesis. Importantly, we find that Pml inactivation decreases the rate of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the remaining p53 allele, revealing the relevancy of p53 haploinsufficiency to tumorigenesis. Our results thus lend in vivo genetic support to the importance of the crosstalk between these two critical tumor suppressor genes.
The Effect of Arsanilic Acid and Low Levels of Antibiotics on Laying Chickens During Hot Weather

Abstract DIFFERENT workers disagree about the effect of antibiotics on healthy laying chickens in a temperate climate. The data of Heywang (1956 Heywang (1957b), however, are apparently the only published ones showing that chlortetracycline at the levels of 50 and 100 grams per ton of diet improved egg production during the hot summer months in an area with a subtropical, semiarid climate, and that the lower level was as effective as the higher. An increase in egg production also occurred during cool and moderate weather in two of the three experiments in which such data were obtained. The results of experiments at the same station with growing chickens (Heywang, 1957a) showed that a combination of low levels of two antibiotics increased their growth and efficiency of diet utilization as much during hot weather as did much higher levels of only one antibiotic. Hence, it was considered desirable to determine what effect rather …
α-Conotoxin PeIA[S9H,V10A,E14N] Potently and Selectively Blocks α6β2β3 versus α6β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing α6 and β2 subunits modulate dopamine release in the basal ganglia and are therapeutically relevant targets for treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson9s disease and nicotine dependence. However, the expression profile of β2 and β4 subunits overlap in a variety of tissues including locus ceruleus, retina, hippocampus, dorsal root ganglia, and adrenal chromaffin cells. Ligands that bind α6β2 nAChRs also potently bind the closely related α6β4 subtype. To distinguish between these two subtypes, we synthesized novel analogs of a recently described α-conotoxin, PeIA. PeIA is a peptide antagonist that blocks several nAChR subtypes, including α6/α3β2β3 and α6/α3β4 nAChRs, with low nanomolar potency. We systematically mutated PeIA and evaluated the resulting analogs for enhanced potency and/or selectivity for α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes (α6/α3 is a subunit chimera that contains the N-terminal ligand-binding domain of the α6 subunit). On the basis of these results, second-generation analogs were then synthesized. The final analog, PeIA[S9H,V10A,E14N], potently blocked acetylcholine-gated currents mediated by α6/α3β2β3 and α6/α3β4 nAChRs with IC50 values of 223 pM and 65 nM, respectively, yielding a >290-fold separation between the two subtypes. Kinetic studies of ligand binding to α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs yielded a koff of 0.096 ± 0.001 min−1 and a kon of 0.23 ± 0.019 min−1 M−9. The synthesis of PeIA[S9H,V10A,E14N] demonstrates that ligands can be developed to discriminate between α6β2 and α6β4 nAChRs.
On bit error rate performance of polar codes in finite regime

Polar codes have been recently proposed as the first low complexity class of codes that can provably achieve the capacity of symmetric binary-input memoryless channels. Here, we study the bit error rate performance of finite-length polar codes under Belief Propagation (BP) decoding. We analyze the stopping sets of polar codes and the size of the minimal stopping set, called “stopping distance”. Stopping sets, as they contribute to the decoding failure, play an important role in bit error rate and error floor performance of the code. We show that the stopping distance for binary polar codes, if carefully designed, grows as O(√N) where N is the code-length. We provide bit error rate (BER) simulations for polar codes over binary erasure and gaussian channels, showing no sign of error floor down to the BERs of 10−11. Our simulations asserts that while finite-length polar codes do not perform as good as LDPC codes in terms of bit error rate, they show superior error floor performance. Motivated by good error floor performance, we introduce a modified version of BP decoding employing a guessing algorithm to improve the BER performance of polar codes. Our simulations for this guessing algorithm show two orders of magnitude improvement over simple BP decoding for the binary erasure channel (BEC), and up to 0.3 dB improvement for the gaussian channel at BERs of 10−6.
Dual systems for minor and principal component computation

Converting principal component dynamical system to a minor component dynamical system and vice versa sometimes leads to unstable systems. In this paper, classes of globally stable dynamical systems that can be converted between PCA and MCA systems by merely switching the signs of some terms of a given system are developed. These systems are shown to be applicable to symmetric and nonsymmetric matrices. These systems are then modified to be asymptotically stable by adding a penalty term. The proposed systems may apply to both the standard and the generalized eigenvalue problems. Lyapunov stability theory and LaSalle invariance principle are used to derive invariant sets for these systems.
Quadratic Term Structure Models with Jumps in Incomplete Currency Markets

We propose a multi-currency quadratic term structure model that allows for several sources of market incompleteness. A new feature of the model is the jump-quadratic dynamics of the exchange rates that simultaneously generate greater ‡exibility in the time-varying risk premium and excessive currency volatility. Our model empirically outperforms the complete
Study of L -vacancy production in close Ar + + Ar collisions

The coincidence technique has been used to obtain the energy spectrum of $L$ Auger electrons ejected during close ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ + Ar collisions in which projectile ions with energy ${T}_{0}$ were scattered through an angle $\ensuremath{\theta}=14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and were ionized to a known charge $m$. The energy of the incident ions ranged between 50 and 375 keV, corresponding to minimum internuclear separations ${r}_{0}$ from 0.18 to 0.05 \AA{}, respectively. All spectra appear broad and nearly structureless, a fact which strongly suggests that a large number of different electronic configurations are populated in such events. An analysis based upon integrals over the appropriate coincidence counts spectra allows us to derive the $L$ Auger yield per scattering event. In gentler collisions with $0.13 \AA{}l{r}_{0}l0.18 \AA{}$ each encounter produces two Auger electrons. They are the result of $2p$ holes which are created when electrons make transitions out of the strongly promoted $4f\ensuremath{\sigma}$ molecular orbital. In closer events, ${r}_{0}l0.13$ \AA{}, the yield rises, and indeed, collisions are observed in which as many as four or five additional $L$ holes appear. We conclude that this increase is caused by $3d\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d\ensuremath{\delta}$ rotational couplings. We further conclude that the bulk of the inelastic energy losses characteristic of these close collisions are due to $L$-vacancy creation.
Effects of phosphate depletion on acid-base status in dogs.

Abstract Hyperchloremic acidosis may occur in patients with severe hypophosphatemia, including some with hyperparathyroidism. In experimental models of phosphate depletion, metabolic acidosis has not been a consistent feature. In some studies, arterial pH values have been normal, but have been associated with high rates of urinary bicarbonate loss. In other studies, metabolic acidosis has been observed associated with a decreased capacity for renal bicarbonate reabsorption. The present study was designed to examine the effects of both phosphate depletion upon systemic acid-base status in dogs and chronic hypophosphatemia upon renal bicarbonate reabsorption. Studies were performed upon three groups. All received a standard diet markedly diminished in phosphate content. Normal dogs (group I) received a dietary supplement of phosphate (31 mM/day). Group II dogs received no supplemental phosphate. Group III dogs were parathyroidectomized and also received a phosphate-deficient diet. Deprivation of dietary phosphate in groups II and III resulted in severe hypophosphatemia (Serum phosphate = 1.1 mg phosphorus/dl). Renal fractional phosphate reabsorption was increased significantly in both groups. Despite phosphate deprivation for up to 14 wk, arterial pH and bicarbonate values remained normal. Values for fasting urine pH and bicarbonate excretion were similar in the three groups. Renal bicarbonate conservation was normal in groups II and III as observed under fasting conditions. During bicarbonate infusion studies, patterns of bicarbonate reabsorption/glomerular filtration rate were obtained and maximal rates of renal bicarbonate reabsorption were assessed. To correct for possible differences ascribable to the effects of extracellular fluid volume expansion, the ratio of absolute bicarbonate/absolute sodium reabsorption was also examined. Over a wide range of plasma bicarbonate concentrations, no significant differences in this ratio were observed among the three groups. Maximal rates of renal bicarbonate reabsorption were similar in the three groups. The studies demonstrate that prolonged dietary phosphate deprivation in dogs, while resulting in severe hypophosphatemia, may be associated with the maintenance of normal plasma pH and bicarbonate values. Abnormal rates of urinary bicarbonate loss have not been observed. In the absence of metabolic acidosis, bicarbonate reabsorptive capacity and bicarbonate reabsorptive patterns are normal. The study suggests that other causes for the metabolic acidosis in severe phosphate depletion should be sought.
Effects of global boundary and local collisionality on magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma

The magnetic reconnection process is studied in a wide range of operating conditions in the well-controlled Magnetic Reconnection Experiment. The reconnection rate is observed to be a function of both global (i.e., system size) and local (collisionality) plasma parameters. When only local collisionality is lowered, the current sheet is shortened while effective resistivity is enhanced, both accelerating reconnection rates. At a fixed collisionality, the current sheet length increases with system size, resulting in the reduction of the reconnection rate. These results quantitatively agree with a generalized Sweet-Parker analysis.
The Rebellious Law Professor: Combining Cause and Reﬂective Lawyering

In 1992, Gerald Lopez argued that progressive lawyering requires the practitioner to rethink the practice of law, the needs of the community, and the relationship between the two. He urged progressive lawyers to rebel1against reigning (“regnant”) patterns of law and practice that serve only to reinforce the established order and alienate progressive lawyers from their natural base, the community. It is time for us to rethink the teaching of law itself, as well as how the needs of the community and our own needs have begun to converge. Can we, should we, be rebellious too, as cause lawyers are? Faculty right now stand in the middle of this quandary, as the deaths of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Freddie Gray, and too many others spark protests that envelop the country. The article explores a variety of ways in which law professors can rebel, creating on-campus experiential learning opportunities for their students through clinics, externships, or service learning opportunities. Such venues can connect us with social movements struggling with class and race issues, adding their insights, problem assessment, and problem-solving skills to our own. In this fashion “rebellious” law professors can begin to follow the examples of “cause lawyering” practitioners who have been at this for quite some time now. As we move forward, strengthening our engagement with today’s fragmented social movements and, indeed, with the communities from which we have come, we may well ﬁnd ourselves protecting the honor of our profession and our rights as faculty, and our own autonomy and agency as well. It is possible that we, and the community members with whom we engage, will learn to think outside our respective boxes together, creating a broad-based program out of their work and our own, serving all our interests.
Dengue in the Health Transition

The ”Health Transition” describes the medical consequences which accompany the demographic transition and development, In many Asian countries, as the infectious diseases of infancy decline, such as diarrhea, acute respiratory disease, measles and malaria, so too, do infant mortality rates. As a consequence of falling infant mortality rates and declines in fertility, the age pyramid has become more rectangular. No longer is nearly half of the population under the age of 15 years. Diseases of adults are beginning to become predominant: trauma, heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. Life expectancy has increased along with costs of the health care system. As a fraction of per capita gross domestic product, health care is beginning to become a major national expense. It is ironic that the one vector-borne infectious disease likely to bridge the health transition in tropical countries is dengue. As evidenced by the experience of Singapore and Taiwan, modern housing and commercial development provide more, rather than fewer breeding places for Aedes aegypti. Greater affluence often means less compliance with mosquito control programs. Meanwhile, the dengue viruses, heeding some unknown genetic imperative, cause ever more severe disease. Modern Asian societies must count dengue as a real and enduring threat. To prevent costly hospitalizations and a sense of social disorder, effective measures must be adopted to achieve a significant reduction of Aedes aegypti populations. Sustained dengue control requires source reduction which, in turn depends upon imaginative leadership, skilled man power, legislative authority, an authentic national research program and intersectoral cooperation. A leadership role beckons for new actors in the control of Aedes aegypti: large municipalities, environmental agencies and the private sector.
Physical and sexual assault histories among psychiatric outpatients.

Using a semistructured interview, the author obtained complete histories of experiences of being physically or sexually assaulted from 31 psychiatric outpatients. The majority (68%) of outpatients had experienced major physical and/or sexual assaults, and most assaults had not been revealed to the patients' prior therapists. Circumstances associated with the assaults, a comparison of outpatient and inpatient assault histories, and the relevance of the findings to clinical practice are discussed. Language: en