cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metal Binding of Flavonoids and Their Distinct Inhibition Mechanisms Toward the Oxidation Activity of Cu2+–β-Amyloid: Not Just Serving as Suicide Antioxidants!

The accumulation of plagues of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The redox-active Cu and Fe complexes of Aβ can cause damage to the neurons potentially via reactive oxygen species (ROS). The significant metal-mediated oxidative activity of CuAβ suggests that its presence can be chemically devastating regardless whether it is a cause or a result of AD. Flavonoids exhibit various benefits to human health, attributable to their metal-binding and antioxidation activities to certain extents. Despite broad interests and extensive studies of their metal-binding properties and anti/pro-oxidation activities, these properties and the mechanisms of the activities toward metal-centered oxidation reactions have not been fully revealed and concluded. We report herein distinctive antioxidation mechanisms between two flavonoid families toward the oxidation reactions by CuAβ1–20, wherein the flavonols quercetin (Qr) and myricetin (Mr) competitively inhibit the oxidation of cat...
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs

Thyroid hormones have profound effects and control many “big time” physiologic processes, such as protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism, development, and growth.
Clinical practice research of the laparoscopic appendectomy with electrocoagulation

objective To study the feasibility and safety of the application of electrocoagulation in the laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods Retrospective analysis was made of 80 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy in Anhui Children's Hospital from June 2011 to June 2013. In the course of laparoscopic appendectomy,appendix artery and velum were cut and coagulated by electricity near the root. The velum needed not to be ligated. Results Among 80 cases,76 achieved successful laparoscopic appendectomy,while the other 4 transferred to open appendectomy. The average operation time was 35. 5 min. Conclusions Laparoscopic appendectomy with electrocoagulation is safe and reliable,which can shorten the operation time and decrease the operation difficulties.
Bilateral Ureteral Obstruction After Repair of Aortic Aneurysm

Abstract Ureteral obstruction is a rare complication after a reconstructive vascular operation. We report a case of bilateral ureteral obstruction leading to anuria 8 months after the repair of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and placement of an aortoiliac bypass graft.
Laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgery

Laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgery has advanced rapidly in the past few years. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the most significant advance and its value will become even greater as the incidence of biliary injuries is decreased. LCBDE and staging laparoscopy are very promising procedures. Other hepatobiliary laparoscopic operations such as liver resections and biliary-enteric anastomoses are still in developmental stages and will require a longer period of assessment.
Speed control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor using extended high-gain observer

In this paper, feedback linearization is used to control the speed of a surface mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). An extended high-gain observer is also used to estimate both the speed of the motor and the disturbance present in the system to recover the performance of feedback linearization. The disturbance is assumed to be unknown, and time-varying but bounded. Stability of the output feedback system is shown. Finally, simulation and experimental results confirm stability, robustness, and performance of the system.
Writing a Book From Your Dissertation: Seven Stages

The purpose of this Writer's Forum is to share seven stages for writing a book from your dissertation: relinquishing control of your dissertation; selecting and working with your publisher; defining and writing for your audience; revising and drafting your dissertation into a book; securing and using feedback; including front matter, back matter, and purpose; and submitting a final copy to your publisher. This Writer's Forum explores obstacles that may prevent you from tackling the goal of writing a book from your dissertation. It also provides encouragement to embark on the journey of writing a book from your dissertation.
Job Hunting: Sharpening your competitive edge

The author argues that a job seeker who tailors each resume and application letter to capture the interest of a particular employer is far more likely to elicit a response than a job seeker who simply sends copies of a standard resume and letter to every employer. In a highly competitive job market, he advocates careful orchestration of the whole employment-seeking process from resume preparation to personal presentation during an interview.
Quantitative Risk Management Tools for Practitioners

In this chapter, we give an overview of the techniques many banks and investment firms use to satisfy regulatory capital requirements and internally manage their overall market risk. Our focus here is not how front desks hedge their positions, but rather methods aimed at protecting the firm from major losses from market moves or credit events over a given time horizon.
The effect of pre-existing islands on disruption mitigation in MHD simulations of DIII-D

Locked-modes are the most likely cause of disruptions in ITER, so large islands are expected to be common when the ITER disruption mitigation system is deployed. MHD modeling of disruption mitigation by massive gas injection is carried out for DIII-D plasmas with stationary, pre-existing islands. Results show that the magnetic topology at the q = 2 surface can affect the parallel spreading of injected impurities, and that, in particular, the break-up of large 2/1 islands into smaller 4/2 islands chains can favorably affect mitigation metrics. The direct imposition of a 4/2 mode is found to have similar results to the case in which the 4/2 harmonic grows spontaneously.
Practical identifiability and uncertainty quantification of a pulsatile cardiovascular model.

Abstract Mathematical models are essential tools to study how the cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis. The utility of such models is limited by the accuracy of their predictions, which can be determined by uncertainty quantification (UQ). A challenge associated with the use of UQ is that many published methods assume that the underlying model is identifiable (e.g. that a one-to-one mapping exists from the parameter space to the model output). In this study we present a novel workflow to calibrate a lumped-parameter model to left ventricular pressure and volume time series data. Key steps include using (1) literature and available data to determine nominal parameter values; (2) sensitivity analysis and subset selection to determine a set of identifiable parameters; (3) optimization to find a point estimate for identifiable parameters; and (4) frequentist and Bayesian UQ calculations to assess the predictive capability of the model. Our results show that it is possible to determine 5 identifiable model parameters that can be estimated to our experimental data from three rats, and that computed UQ intervals capture the measurement and model error.
Fine–scale structural features of intercritically aged HSLA-100 plate steel and their influence on yield strength and low-temperature impact toughness

Abstract Fine-scale structural features of an HSLA-100 steel intercritically aged at 950 K (677 °C) for 4.2 ks (70 min.) were investigated via transmission electron microscopy. The microstructure consisted of approximately 90 vol. pct. of low‑carbon lath martensite. Average lath width was about 0.25 μm, unchanged from the as-quenched condition, owing to a high number density of epsilon‑copper precipitates at these boundaries. About 10 vol. pct. of medium‑carbon austenite existed as coarsened, broken-up islands between laths; martensite lath boundary coverage by austenite was notably reduced compared to the as-quenched condition. Greater continuity between adjacent low‑carbon martensite laths was accompanied by coarse copper precipitates within laths and an order of magnitude lower dislocation density than the as-quenched martensite. Collectively, these features produced a sub-grain coarsening effect. Austenite islands larger than about 0.5 μm were unstable with respect to the formation of fresh, medium‑carbon martensite regions. Copper precipitation within austenite islands (owing to carbon and copper enrichment) might also have contributed to austenite transformation upon quenching. Intercritical aging was associated with a strong-and-undesirable deviation from strength-toughness behavior at sub-critical aging temperatures. Two key factors were identified as being responsible for this negative outcome: (i) a sub-grain coarsening effect associated with “delamellarization” of low‑carbon martensite and austenite and (ii) the formation of brittle martensite upon quenching. Quantitative estimates of the changes in strength and impact toughness are provided for microstructural differences between intercritically aged and subcritically aged material.
Stretch-induced wrinkling of highly orthotropic thin films

Abstract Wrinkling is commonly observed when a rectangular plate is stretched with fully-clamped boundaries. Experimental results of a highly orthotropic polypropylene thin film show a counterintuitive phenomenon – wrinkles occur when stretched in the low-stiffness direction, while no wrinkles are observed when stretched in the high-stiffness direction. A comprehensive analysis of this problem is carried out using energy approach by decomposing the total energy into several components with different physical meanings. The mechanism of stretch-induced wrinkling is clarified and it is found that for the formation of wrinkles, the energy release in the transverse direction must exceed the energy barriers for bending, shearing, out-of-plane expanding, and stretching in the loading direction. Based on the energy analysis, a semi-analytical model is established and the Puntel–Deseri–Fried solution of critical stretch strain for isotropic materials is extended by introducing the coefficient of orthotropy r, which is the ratio of stiffness in the transverse direction to the loading direction. The criterion of the lower limit of r for wrinkling to occur is derived based on several simplifications. Both the extended solution of the critical stretch strain and the criterion of r are shown to be of satisfactory accuracy, as compared to experimental results.
LIQUID–LIQUID MIXTURES FLOW IN MICROCHANNELS

This study constitutes an experimental and numerical investigation into the single-phase flow of liquid–liquid mixtures and of water in uniform, converging and diverging microchannels. The experime...
Reducing Medication Errors and Increasing Patient Safety: Utilizing the Fault Tree Analysis

According to the 2000 Institute of Medicine Report on Building a Safer Health System, experts estimated that 8000 Americans die every year from preventable medication errors. It is believed that these errors annually affect more than 7 million patients with the cost of approximately $21 billion across all care settings. Despite some developed studies on analyzing the contributing causes of medication errors, there is a need for the development of more robust, systematic methodologies to identify their root causes and provide preventive measures to avoid their recurrence. This paper proposes a methodology, which is an integration of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), to first identify one of the top most important categories of medication error and then analyze its contributing and root causes. In this study, we develop FTA for administration errors, as they are highly occurring and very severe among other medication error categories.
Forbidden Magnification? II.

The twin of this paper, "Forbidden Magnification? I." (1), presents systematic SOM simulations with the explicit magnification control scheme of Bauer, Der, and Herrmann (2) on data for which the theory does not guarantee success, namely data that are n-D, n> 2 and/or data whose components in the different dimensions are not sta- tistically independent. For the unsupported n = 2 cases that we inves- tigated the simulations show that even though the magnification expo- nent αachieved achieved by magnification control is not the same as the intended αintended, the direction and sign of αachieved systematically fol- lows αintended with a more or less constant offset. We experimentally showed that for simple synthetic higher dimensional data negative mag- nification has the desired effect of improving the detectability of rare classes. In this paper we study further theoretically unsupported cases, including experiments with real data.
Primary Progressive Aphasia: An Uncommon Masquerader of Psychiatric Disorders

Primary progressive aphasia is a recently described, uncommon language disorder with unclear etiological and clinical boundaries. The infrequency and ambiguity of the syndrome may prompt psychiatric consultation. The authors review the pertinent features of one such referral, including a brief literature review of the salient aspects of the differential diagnosis, and note the implications for appropriate treatment.
Across the Spectrum: Case Studies in Genetic Counseling for Breast and Ovarian Cancer

We present three vignettes based on participants counseled as part of a clinical research program. These include a young unaffected woman at risk for a familial mutation, a newly diagnosed breast cancer patient, and a woman with recurrent ovarian cancer. Through the use of detailed vignettes, multifaceted issues that arise in cancer genetic counseling are highlighted.
Actuarial Science Advisory Boards: A Survey of Current and Best Practices.

This research uses a survey mechanism to query actuarial science programs as to the usage of industry advisory boards at such programs in the U.S. The study’s methodology employs a questionnaire to...
Donald J. Urquhart and the integration of science with librarianship: Part 1

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyze the historical significance of Donald J. Urquhart, who established the National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL) that later was merged into the British Library Lending Division (BLLD), now called the British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC).Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a short history of the probabilistic revolution, particularly as it developed in the UK in the form of biometric statistics due to Darwin's theory of evolution. It focuses on the overthrow of the normal paradigm, according to which frequency distributions in nature and society conform to the normal law of error. The paper discusses the importance of the Poisson distribution and its utilization in the construction of stochastic models that better describe reality. Here the focus is on the compound Poisson distribution in the form of the negative binomial distribution (NBD). The paper then shows how Urquhart extended the probabilistic revolution to l...
Jana Brubaker. Text, Lies and Cataloging: Ethical Treatment of Deceptive Works in the Library . Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2018. 158p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-0-7864-9744-7).

In Text, Lies and Cataloging , Jana Brubaker explores the various issues that catalog professionals face in providing bibliographic descriptions of deceptive library resources. As she explains in her preface, creating accurate and useful catalog records for library users can be particularly challenging for works that contain inaccurate facts, deceive the reader through questionable authorship, or blur the boundaries of genre. The circumstances and possible cataloging solutions surrounding works of questionable authorship, authenticity, or veracity are multifarious, and Brubaker’s stated dual goal is to provide “a resource that identifies, describes, and discusses questionable books” (pg. 1) and to “suggest a framework for navigating decisions that must be made when cataloging these materials” (pg. 2).
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors as novel agents in improving survival in diabetic patients with colorectal cancer and lung cancer: A Surveillance Epidemiology and Endpoint Research Medicare study.

BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a cell surface protein that can act as a tumor suppressor or activator, depending upon the level of expression and interaction with the microenvironment and chemokines. DPP4 inhibitors are used to treat diabetes. METHODS We conducted this Surveillance Epidemiology and Endpoint Research-Medicare database study to evaluate the role of DPP4 inhibitors on the overall survival (OS) of diabetic patients diagnosed with colorectal (CRC) and lung cancers. RESULTS Diabetic patients with CRC or lung cancer who were treated with DPP4 inhibitors exhibited a statistically significant survival advantage (hazard ratio [HR] of 0.89; CI: 0.82-0.97, P = 0.007) that remained significant after controlling for all other confounders. When DPP4 inhibitors were used in combination of metformin which is known to suppress cancer, the survival advantage was even more pronounced (HR of 0.83; CI: 0.77-0.90, P < 0.0001). Data were then analyzed separately for two cancer types. In the CRC-only cohort, the use of DPP4 inhibitors alone had a positive trend but did not meet statistically significant threshold (HR of 0.87; CI: 0.75-1.00, P = 0.055), while the combined use of DPP4 inhibitors and metformin was associated with statistically significant survival advantage (HR of 0.77; CI: 0.67-0.89, P = 0.003). Similarly, for the lung cancer cohort, use of DPP4 alone was not found to be statistically significant (HR of 0.93; CI: 0.83-1.03, P = 0.153), whereas lung cancer patients treated with the combination of DPP4 inhibitors and metformin showed statistically significant survival advantage (HR of 0.88; CI: 0.80-0.97, P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS DPP4 inhibition in CRC and lung cancer is associated with improved OS, which possibly may be due to the effect of DPP4 inhibition on immunoregulation of cancer.
Not Just a Joke: Tina Fey, Amy Schumer, and the Weak Reflexivity of White Feminist Comedy

This article explores the strategic functions of white feminist comedy to mask and dismiss racism through an analysis of two recent films: Tina Fey’s Whiskey Tango Foxtrot and Amy Schumer’s Snatche...
Traces: Philosophy, Interpretation, and Method in Postqualitative Human Geography

This article attempts a double reflection: a methodological interrogation of myself and an autointerrogation of my methodology. Following Ernst Bloch, I structure this reflection around the idea of...
Nanoparticle optics: fabrication, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, and sensing

Recently, nanoparticles have become the platform for many sensing schemes. In particular, the utilization of the optical response of nanoparticles to changes in their nanoenvironment has served as a signal transduction mechanism for these sensing events. For example, silver nanoparticle arrays synthesized using nanosphere lithography have served as an ultrasensitive detection platform for small molecules, proteins, and antibodies with the detection limit of 60,000 and less than 25 molecules/nanoparticle for hexadecanethiol and antibodies, respectively. While this approach is low cost and highly portable, one limitation of the array platform is that the signal arises from approximately 1x106 nanoparticles. A method to improve the overall number of molecules detected would be to decrease the number of nanoparticles probed. Recently, single nanoparticle sensing has been accomplished using dark-field microscopy. A 40 nm shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance induced from less than 60,000 small-molecule adsorbates has been monitored from a single Ag nanoparticle. Additionally, streptavidin sensing has also been demonstrated using a single Ag nanoparticle. Detection platforms based on nanoparticle arrays and single nanoparticles will be discussed and compared.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Teacher Readiness in Adapted Physical Education: Teaching the “Able,” Not the “Label”

The majority of physical education teacher education (PETE) programs include some form of adapted physical education (APE) training for preservice teachers; yet PETE candidates report feeling under...
How Full Is Your Tank? A Qualitative Exploration of Faculty Volunteerism in a National Professional Development Program

ABSTRACT Objective Professional development programs (PDPs) within academic professional organizations rely on faculty volunteers, but little is known about the volunteering process and experience. Our aim was to gain insights into the initial decision to volunteer, the experience of volunteering and the decision to re-volunteer or not (i.e. remain or leave as a volunteer). The study setting was a PDP of the Academic Pediatric Association, the Educational Scholars Program (ESP). Methods In 2014, 13 ESP faculty members participated in semi-structured phone interviews. The authors performed a general inductive analysis of the data, inductively created codes, and analyzed coded data for emergent themes that led to the creation of a model for recruiting and sustaining volunteers. Results Four themes related to the initial volunteer decision and the decision to re-volunteer or not (self-interest and altruism, reputation of the program, relevant skill set, doability), and four themes related to the experience of volunteering (emotional impact, career advancement and professional recognition, professional growth, and doability) emerged. The relationship among the themes led to the creation of a model of volunteering, involving a metaphorical volunteerism “tank” that is full when faculty initially volunteer and subsequently fills or empties as a result of dynamic interplay between the themes for each individual. Conclusions Leaders of PDPs may find our model of volunteering beneficial for enhancing the emotional and tangible benefits and minimizing the logistical issues of volunteering. This information should contribute to success in recruiting and retaining the volunteers who are essential for developing and sustaining PDPs.
Evaluation of Naturalistic Driving Behavior Using In-Vehicle Monitoring Technology in Preclinical and Early Alzheimer's Disease.

Cognitive impairment is a significant risk factor for hazardous driving among older drivers with Alzheimer’s dementia, but little is known about how the driving behavior of mildly symptomatic compares with those in the preclinical, asymptomatic phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study utilized two in-car technologies to characterize driving behavior in symptomatic and preclinical AD. The goals of this pilot study were to (1) describe unsafe driving behaviors in individuals with symptomatic early AD using G-force triggered video capture and (2) compare the driving habits of these symptomatic AD drivers to two groups of cognitively normal drivers, those with and those without evidence of cerebral amyloidosis (CN/A+ and CN/A-) using a Global Positioning System (GPS) datalogger. Thirty-three drivers (aged 60+ years) were studied over three months. G-force triggered video events captured instances of near-misses/collisions, traffic violations, risky driver conduct, and driving fundamentals. GPS data were sampled every 30 seconds and all instances of speeding, hard braking, and sudden acceleration were recorded. For the early AD participants, video capture identified driving unbelted, late response, driving too fast for conditions, traffic violations, poor judgment, and not scanning intersections as the most frequently occurring safety errors. When evaluating driving using the GPS datalogger, hard breaking events occurred most frequently on a per trip basis across all three groups. The CN/A+ group had the lowest event rate across all three event types with lower instances of speeding. Slower psychomotor speed (Trail Making Part A) was associated with fewer speeding events, more hard acceleration events, and more overall events. GPS tracked instances of speeding were correlated with total number of video-captured near-collisions/collisions and driving fundamentals. Results demonstrate the utility of electronic monitoring to identify potentially unsafe driving events in symptomatic and preclinical AD. Results suggest that drivers with preclinical AD may compensate for early, subtle cognitive changes by driving more slowly and cautiously than healthy older drivers or those with cognitive impairment. Self-regulatory changes in driving behavior appear to occur in the preclinical phase of AD, but safety concerns may not arise until symptoms of cognitive impairment emerge and the ability to self-monitor declines.
Abstract PO-119: Separate and unequal: Examining the role of race and site of care on patient-reported outcomes among patients with metastatic cancer (AFT-39)

Background Racial disparities in patient-reported outcomes (PROs; e.g., symptoms, financial burden) among patients with cancer are well documented. Prior studies have attributed such disparities to patient- and provider-level factors, but less is known about the contribution of practice-level factors. Hospital racial composition of patients has been linked to disparities in care quality and outcomes, but questions remain regarding whether oncology practice racial composition mediates racial disparities. Using 2017-2020 data from the Patient-Reported Outcomes to Enhance Cancer Treatment (PRO-TECT) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03249090), we examined racial disparities in PROs among patients with metastatic cancer, and whether oncology practice racial composition accounted for observed disparities. Methods Our sample included 1099 patients (n=198 Black; n=901 White) from 51 community oncology practices across the US. Predictors of interest were patient race (Black vs. White) and practice-reported racial composition (Black patient population >20% vs. ≤20%). Patient-reported outcome metrics included pain, appetite loss, fatigue, nausea, dyspnea, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea, and financial burden, measured at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-up using the EORTC Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Raw EORTC QLQ-C30 scores were standardized to range from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). We estimated multilevel linear mixed models predicting each PRO as a function of patient race, adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic factors, followed by further adjustment for practice racial composition. Results Twelve out of fifty-one (23.5%) practices reported a Black racial composition of >20%, with 41.6% of Blacks and 14.5% Whites receiving care at these practices. Across all practices, Blacks reported worse pain (β=5.5, p=0.02), nausea (β=2.5, p=0.04) and financial burden (β=7.6, p 20% reported more pain (β=5.5, p=0.01), appetite loss (β=8.1, p Citation Format: Cleo A. Samuel, Olive Mbah, Wendi Elkins, Marjory Charlot, Amylou Dueck, Brenda F. Ginos, Jennifer Jansen, Deborah Schrag, Patty Spears, Angela Stover, Ethan Basch. Separate and unequal: Examining the role of race and site of care on patient-reported outcomes among patients with metastatic cancer (AFT-39) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-119.
The TNF Egr participates in signaling during cell competition in the absence of a requirement for JNK

Abstract Numerous signaling pathways have been implicated in the elimination of cells in cell competition. Here we explore the relative contributions of two of them, the recently discovered CCSM and the conserved JNK stress pathway, using a series of genetic interactions tests. We demonstrate that the expression of the TNF Eiger (Egr), and the TNFR adaptor protein Traf4, are specifically up-regulated in the wild-type “loser” cell population during Myc-mediated cell competition. We find that the absence of Egr or its receptor Grindelwald (grnd) robustly prevents elimination of the loser cells in genetic cell competition assays. In contrast, although canonical JNK signaling is activated downstream of these adaptors, loss of either of the JNK effectors Tak1/JNKK or Hemipterous/JNK is not sufficient to prevent loser cell elimination in the competitive context. Our results instead suggest that Egr/Grnd influences the Rel activator Dredd in carrying out the cells’ competitive death and elimination. Our experiments thus provide evidence that although Egr/Grnd signaling activates two parallel pathways in Myc cell competition, only the CCSM is sufficient to remove the wild-type loser cells from the tissue.
Palliative Care and Racism in Medicine.

In 2011, I was involved in helping a group of refugees from Bhutan and Nepal settle into their new home in the United States. The young wife of one of the families I was helping became very ill soo...
MODEL TEST PROGRAM FOR MV "ST. CLAIR"

This paper provides a brief review of the model test program conducted by the Ship Hydrodynamics Laboratory of the University of Michigan on the MV St. Clair, Bay Shipbuilding Corporation, Hull 714. Due to some rather unique constraints imposed by Great Lakes operation, large bulk carriers have encountered unusual problems in the area of hydrodynamic design. Many of these areas of concern have been addressed through model studies. Specifically investigated were the effects on resistance, wake and flow patterns of various bow and stern variations. Results of those tests including self-propulsion of the final design are included.
16 – Structural and Functional Imaging of Cerebral Neoplasia

This chapter focuses on the structural and functional brain imaging technologies that can be used to evaluate neoplastic processes. Structural and functional brain imaging now provides the clinician with heretofore unprecedented insights, at a variety of different levels, into the characteristics and into the evolution of central nervous system neoplastic lesions. Today, brain cancer is a significant health problem. Intracranial neoplastic processes are relatively uncommon and present a relatively benign course compared to the entire spectrum of human oncologic disorders. Nevertheless, they have a disproportionate clinical importance. Brain cancer is a universally feared disease. Structural and functional imaging of intracranial neoplastic disease differs from more esoteric brain mapping endeavors in that the ultimate goal is the pursuit of the appropriate clinical management strategies that lead to a lessening of human suffering combined with the preservation of as much central nervous system function as is possible. Neuro-oncology is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field. In the present day, neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and radiation oncologists work together to manage brain tumor cases with the help of a previously undreamt of technological arsenal.
Gravitational Theories of Spiral Structure

The basic ideas and some of the most important recent developments of the gravitational theories of spiral structure are described. A separation between linear and non linear effects is made. The linear self consistent problem consists of the problem of modes and of the initial value problem, which is discussed here in some detail. More emphasis is put on the non linear problem near resonances and in particular the inner Lindblad resonance. The linear density response to a slightly growing spiral potential (trailing or leading) near the inner Lindblad resonance is always trailing, while non linear effects form a density distribution with a roughly quadruple symmetry.
Distributed Slicing and Partial Re-execution for Distributed Programs

We present a parallel algorithm to compute dynamic slices for distributed programs. Dynamic slices are used in debugging to re-execute only those statements of the original program that actually influenced an observed erroneous result. We introduce the notion of a Distributed Dependence Graph (DDG) as the graphical representation of the relevant dependencies among statements that arise during execution of a distributed program. Based on the DDG, we developed a parallel and fully distributed slicing algorithm, where each process determines its local section of the global slice. The potential for non-determinism in distributed programs is addressed by constructing a slice such that non-deterministic selections that were made during execution of the original program are reproduced when re-executing the program slice.
Amino acid analysis of unusual and complex samples based on 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate derivatization

Publisher Summary Methods of amino acid analysis (AAA) based on precolumn derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) quantifies hydrolyzed samples with a high degree of accuracy. Rugged, reproducible chromatographic systems for resolving some common mixtures of AQC-derivatized amino acids, such as those produced by the hydrolysis of collagen or free amino acids present in cell culture fluids, have been developed. The AQC-based method also derivatize effectively in the presence of salts and lipids. Considering such strengths, the excellent stability of the derivatives, and the unique fluorescence properties that allow for direct injection of the reaction mixture without cleanup, the AQC methodology represents an ideal choice for the analysis of complex samples. Recent studies on separation optimization show that accurate control of mobile phase pH is essential to successfully resolve a number of important nonhydrolysate amino acids. With effective control of a complex gradient profile, the system could resolve a mixture of amino acids, including Asn, Gin, cysteine derivatives carboxymethyl cysteine and pyridylethyl cysteine, and the hydroxylated amino acids hydroxyproline (Hyp) and hydroxylysine (Hyl) as well as the hydrolysate amino acids. However, the required precision in the control of eluent pH unnecessarily complicated transfer of the method among laboratories. The method also lacked the ability to separate Orn from the hydrolysate amino acids. This chapter describes the utility of quaternary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gradient systems for facilitating methods development and simplifying routine eluent preparation with excellent pH control. Retention time reproducibility is also enhanced with a new HPLC system, especially in the shallow region of the gradient profile. Analysis of collagen hydrolysates and cell culture supernatants are shown as representative applications.
A robust digitally programmable and reconfigurable monolithic filter structure

A completely programmable and reconfigurable digitally controllable active structure is presented. A specific implementation, which has over three decades of adjustment range and is capable of realizing any even-order filter function of up to sixth-order, was fabricated and tested. The filter operates over the 1-kHz to 1-MHz frequency range. Experimental results that confirm the reconfigurability and programmable characteristics of this structure are presented. >
Chronic ulcerative colitis and pregnancy

Abstract This report is based on 19 cases in which pregnancy occurred in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. In 15 of the 19 cases, the colitis did not have any effect on the pregnancy. Premature delivery occurred in 2 cases and spontaneous abortion occurred in 2 cases. In 5 cases the chronic ulcerative colitis improved in the course of pregnancy, and in 4 cases it became worse than it had been previously. No change in the colitis was observed in 4 cases. In 6 cases the colitis started with the onset of pregnancy. A remission of the colitis occurred in the postpartum period in 3 cases, and a definite relapse occurred in 5 cases. The results of our study appear to warrant the conclusion that pregnancy has an adverse but unpredictable effect on the clinical course of chronic ulcerative colitis. It is our opinion that patients who have chronic ulcerative colitis should be advised to refrain from becoming pregnant unless a remission of the disease has been present for a long time.
A Design Tool for Estimating Passenger Ride Discomfort Within Complex Ride Environments

A series of experimental studies utilizing approximately 2200 test subjects has led to the development of a general empirical model for the prediction of passenger ride discomfort in the presence of complex noise and vibration inputs. The ranges of vibration and noise stimuli used to derive the model included the amplitudes and frequencies that are known to most influence passenger comfort. The ride quality model accounts for the effects of combined axis vibrations (up to three axes simultaneously) and includes corrections for the effect of vibration duration and interior noise. Output of the model consists of an estimate of the passenger discomfort produced by a given noise and/or vibration environment. The discomfort estimate is measured along a continuous scale that spans the range from below discomfort threshold to values of discomfort that are far above discomfort threshold.
Seasonal Phenology of Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Arkansas with Implications for Management of Sirex noctilio

Abstract The southeastern United States contains a multi-billion dollar pine timber industry that could be affected significantly by the establishment and spread and of Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), the non-native wood wasp that was discovered recently in the northeastern United States. Several factors, including the timing of native wood wasp (S. nigricornis F.) emergence and flight, may influence the success of S. noctilio. Understanding the seasonal phenology of the native wood wasp will allow us to make better predictions regarding the potential ecological impacts by S. noctilio on Arkansas pine forests. Native S. nigricornis females were collected across 3 geographic regions of Arkansas from 2009 to 2013 using intercept panel traps baited with Sirex lure (70/30-α/β-pinene blend) and ethanol. A Gompertz 3-parameter model was fitted to each year of trapping as well as a final dataset containing all trapping seasons. Emergence rates and inflection points of the models did not differ among ...
Standard-Setting and the Failure of Price Competition

Standard-setting organizations (SSOs) play a role of immense importance in high technology markets. The interoperability facilitated by these entities produces scale efficiencies, bypasses the wasteful competition associated with 'winner takes all' markets, allows the introduction of open standards free from proprietary control, and charts a navigable path through the infamous patent thicket. Yet, for all these benefits, SSOs display a dearth of ex ante royalty competition between purveyors of competing technologies. Given the threat of ex post hold-up by intellectual property holders, the loss of price competition that would yield binding ex ante contractual commitments is a serious one. The cost, however, is not inevitable. SSOs could spur rivalry between holders of substitute technologies in numerous ways, many of which would readily capture the efficiencies of open market price competition. Nevertheless, such entities invariably prohibit their members from discussing royalties in any way. The cause: An unlikely villain in the form of antitrust. Fearing liability for discussing price, SSOs instead require royalty-free (RF) or reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) licensing by its members. The idea, of course, is that a binding ex ante commitment to license others at no more than a 'reasonable' royalty rate will temper the ensuing market power bestowed on an IP-holder whose rights are infringed by a chosen standard. Thus, one would expect RAND licensing to serve a critical function in the SSO process. Unfortunately, the RAND concept is defunct, illusory, lacking in any semblance of objectivity, and emasculated in part by its lack of enforceability. In short, RAND is an inefficacious substitute for ex ante royalty-specific constraints. Given that the majority of IP-holders will require some compensation for the infringement of their rights by a collectively established standard - thus rendering RF licensing ill-suited to many situations - the failure of RAND to impose a meaningful constraint on ex post monopoly lock-in is a serious shortcoming. This Article contrasts the SSO with alternative standard setting processes, examines the importance of price competition in network effect driven markets, and asks how intellectual property and antitrust policy should seek to address the critical failure of RAND licensing. In particular, there is a pressing need for reduced antitrust oversight with regard to royalty negotiation. Having established this normative foundation, the Article traces recent steps taken by the legislative, judicial, and executive branches to remedy the problem and compares these measures with the social optimum. Ultimately, it concludes that RAND licensing should be discarded as an SSO practice. In this regard, the 2008 decision of the D.C. Circuit in Rambus, Inc. v. FTC is highly notable, certainly for its undermining of the Third Circuit’s 2007 holding in Qualcomm, but more fundamentally for its status as a squandered opportunity.
Differential diagnosis in amphetamine psychosis

This paper summarizes the literature on the effects of using the amphetamines and reviews published clinical findings in cases of amphetamine psychotic reaction. Problems of differentiating this illness from paranoid schizophrenic reactions are discussed, and it is suggested that heightened emotionality and well-retained realitytesting capacity may prove helpful in the differential diagnosis.
Use of Tabulated Thermochemical Data for Pure Compounds

Thermodynamic data for inorganic compounds are found in a variety of tabulations and computer databases. The common tabulations and various data formats are discussed. Depending on the database, enthalpies are reported as sensible heats or enthalpy functions. Free energies are reported as free energies of formation, free energy functions, or Gibbs energies. Standard states may be the stable form at the temperature of interest or at 298.15 K. Equations for using these various forms of thermodynamic data are derived and illustrated with examples.
An improved ion exchange resin method for removal and recovery of zinc cyanide and cyanide from electroplating wastes

Abstract The removal, concentration, and recovery of zinc cyanide and cyanide ion from industrial electroplating wastes can be readily achieved with the weakly basic anion exchange resin, Amberlite XE‐275. Dilute sodium hydroxide easily strips both the metal cyanide and cyanide in a regeneration cycle. This new nondestructive process is promising for the recovery and recycle of water and costly chemicals now wasted and for the elimination of sludge disposal problems associated with current destructive pollution abatement methods.
Giant hemangioma of the arm associated with cardiac failure and the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in a neonate.

Abstract We report a neonate who presented within hours of birth with severe congenitive cardiac failure, thrombocytopenia, and consumption coagulopathy, caused by a massive hemangioma of the left arm. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids, platelet and clotting factor replacements, and cardiovascular support failed to control these hemangioma effects and amputation was avoided only when axillary artery ligation and an intermittant pneumatic compression device, manufactured in this hospital, achieved control of this lesion and hastened its subsequent resolution. The treatment of such lesions is reviewed, emphasizing individualized treatment protocols, and stressing that such lesions and their effects, cannot be regarded as variants of a single disease entity when planning management.
A review of potassium channels in bipolar disorder.

Although bipolar disorder (BP) is one of the most heritable psychiatric conditions, susceptibility genes for the disorder have yet to be conclusively identified. It is likely that variants in multiple genes across multiple pathways contribute to the genotype-phenotype relationship. Recent evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicates an entire class of genes related to the structure and regulation of ion channels, suggesting that the etiology of BP may arise from a channelopathy. In this review, we examine the evidence for this hypothesis, with a focus on the potential role of voltage gated potassium channels. We consider evidence from genetic and expression studies, and discuss the potential underlying biology. We consider animal models and treatment implications of the involvement of potassium ion channelopathy in BP. Finally, we explore intriguing parallels between BP and epilepsy, the signature channelopathy of the CNS.
Importance of cationic assistance in the reactions of M[(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]salts with epoxides

Abstract The high bonding power of lithium toward oxygen is indicated by the absorption frequency for the carbonyl bridged ion pair Li[η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 ] and by the relative concentration of this species in THF solutions of this salt. Li[(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 ] is much more reactive towards epoxides than is the corresponding sodium salt, and this difference may be attributed to more effective coordination of epoxide oxygen by lithium cation.
Symptom severity in obese women with binge eating disorder as a function of smoking history.

Objective: To compare obese female former smokers with binge eating disorder (BED) to women with BED with no smoking history in the severity of binge eating and associated symptoms. Method: A consecutive series of 91 obese women with current diagnoses of BED were administered structured diagnostic and investigator-based interviews and self-report questionnaires to assess symptoms associated with eating disorders. Participants were classified as “never” or “former” smokers and symptom profiles were compared across smoking groups. Results: Former and never-smoking groups did not differ in age, body mass index, or current binge frequency. Former smokers reported significantly higher levels of dietary restraint, rigid dieting strategies, and avoidance of eating. Conclusion: Former smokers were significantly more likely than never-smokers to endorse specific symptoms of eating pathology (i.e., rigid dieting strategies). Despite the average 15-year interval since smoking cessation, the former smokers in this patient group resembled current smokers with other eating disorders in terms of rigid and restrictive weight control methods. Obese patients with a smoking history may benefit from treatment to address rigid/pathological dieting and strategies. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Ion exchange with the solar wind for planets with negligible intrinsic magnetic fields

The exchange of ions between the ionosphere of a planet with negligible intrinsic magnetic field, and the solar wind is examined. It is suggested that a balance exists between the outflow of ionospheric ions at the plasmapause and ions from the solar wind in a restricted region close to the subsolar point. This results in a current system towards the subsolar point on the surface of the ionopause and a toroidal magnetic field. Simple calculations are made of the current and field configuration that might result from the system for conditions similar to those encountered on the Viking 1 and 2 transits of the Mars ionosphere.
On the structure of picosecond pulses

Abstract We show that a knowledge of the intensity autocorrelation function is not sufficient to determine mode-locking. It has to be supplemented by a measurement of the spectrum of the pulse. The use of second harmonic generation as a tool to determine mode-locking is briefly discussed.