cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Conditions Associated with Large Intensity Forecast Errors in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model

AbstractUnderstanding and forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change continues to be a paramount challenge for the research and operational communities, partly because of inherent systematic biases contained in model guidance, which can be difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this paper is to present a method to identify such systematic biases by comparing forecasts characterized by large intensity errors with analog forecasts that exhibit small intensity errors. The methodology is applied to the 2015 version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model retrospective forecasts in the North Atlantic (NATL) and eastern North Pacific (EPAC) basins during 2011–14. Forecasts with large 24-h intensity errors are defined to be in the top 15% of all cases in the distribution that underforecast intensity. These forecasts are compared to analog forecasts taken from the bottom 50% of the error distribution. Analog forecasts are identified by finding the case that has 0–24-h intensity and w...
Ecological Aspects of Electroreception

Proper placement of electroreception as an ecosensory function within the array of the different sensory modalities seems difficult; however, some close relationship with vision can be established. Among the vertebrates, visual receptors and the many accessory dioptric and related structures are most highly developed in birds and fishes, but for obviously different reasons. In day-active birds, an eye of large diametre and a high ratio of retinal ganglion cells to cones throughout the retina permit a high degree of resolving power, perhaps at the cost of sensitivity, while the trend prevailing in fishes is towards maximal utilization of the little light available in most aquatic habitats. Here, correlated adaptive features are an enormous pupillary aperture, a relatively large spherical lens, and, in some deep-sea forms, a telescopic eye reminiscent of the tubular eyes of night-active owls. In certain situations, as an existence in very turbid waters, or while changing to a night-active life style, further refinement of the visual apparatus must have proved uneconomical, and other sensory systems were relied upon. Of these, electroreception became a highly effective mechanism for near-field orientation and communication in the aquatic medium.
Dynamic Optimization: Direct Solution

Techniques for the numerical solution of optimal control problems can be broadly divided into direct methods and indirect methods (Bock, 1978; Stryk and Bulirsch, 1992). In the direct method, the state and control variables are parameterized using a piecewise polynomial approximation, or global expansion (Nagurka and Yen, 1990). Inserting these approximations into the cost functional, dynamic equations, constraints and boundary conditions leads to a static parameter optimization problem. This chapter will develop a direct method using the results presented in Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Abundance and Biomass of Metazoan Meiobenthos in The Deep Sea

Quantitative information on the abundance and biomass of deep-sea metazoan meiobenthos, gathered principally from research conducted since 1980, is summarized. Abundance and biomass in the deep Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans generally range between 100 and 1000 x 103 individuals m-2 and 10 to 400 mg C m-2, respectively. Both decrease significantly with increasing water depth. Relationships between abundance and biomass of meiofauna are discussed, as are relationships between meiofaunal standing stocks and those of other benthic size groups. Available data (obtained mostly from the Atlantic deep sea) suggest that meiofaunal biomass is two orders of magnitude lower than bacterial biomass and equivalent to macroinfaunal and invertebrate megafaunal biomass. Relationships between meiofaunal standing stocks and various indices of surface-derived organic flux are generally positive, as are relationships between surface production and standing stocks. However, the functional role of metazoan meiobenthos in deep-sea food chains remains uncertain, especially the extent to which they compete with, or are food for, larger animal groups.
Digital Signal Processing Effect on Power System Overcurrent Protection Relay Behavior and Operation Time

Power system availability is very important in terms providing continues power supply with no interruption. However, faults are existing in power systems due to equipment aging, unexpected behavior from a specific equipment or sometimes from human errors during operation and maintenance. In order to limit the fault to the equipment and preventing this fault from damaging other equipment or effecting the system behavior, relays are developed. Relays are instrument equipment continuously monitoring the system and taking a proper action according to the situation. The decision and the time delay for the action based on the fault type. The input data to the relay are the faults' type and how bad they are. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) will take samples from the inputted data continuously and take an action when needed. The internal connection and how DSP is utilized in protective relays will be discussed in this paper. In addition, a SIMULINK case study is included to see the DSP effect on protective relaying.
Association Between Adverse Clinical Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Perioperative Blood Transfusions

Background Bleeding is a serious complication of coronary artery bypass grafting that often leads to blood transfusion. Approximately 50% of patients who have the surgery receive blood products, and blood transfusions play a role in adverse outcomes after the surgery. Objective To examine the association between perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative adverse outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods A systematic review of the literature, via the matrix method of quality evaluation, was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases for 2000 through 2016 were searched. Inclusion criteria were articles published in English and original research related to clinical outcomes of blood transfusion after coronary artery bypass grafting. Seventeen articles were included in the review. Results Mortality, both short- and long-term, was significantly higher in transfusion patients than in nontransfusion patients. Patients with transfusion of red blood cells had higher resource utilization and more complications, including infection, pneumonia, renal failure, graft occlusion, and atrial fibrillation, than did nontransfusion patients. Conclusion An association exists between red blood cell transfusions and adverse clinical outcomes for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Transfusion of red blood cells is sometimes unnecessary, may be injurious, and should be used cautiously. Even a single-unit increase in perioperative red blood cell transfusions can have a significant adverse impact on outcomes. Individual benefits and risks should be weighed before transfusion to avoid adverse outcomes. Transfusion guidelines should be reviewed to include the latest evidence to guarantee the most appropriate use of blood products.
Helping Preservice Teachers Learn to Negotiate Sociopolitical Relationships Through a Physical Education Teacher Education Outdoor Education Experience

Physical education teacher education programs are tasked with preparing students for a teaching career in a field that possesses inherent challenges. Purpose: The current study, designed as a descr...
Mining Mobile Security Concerns and their Solutions

Mobile devices are now an important part of our lives. In many respect mobile devices make our life easier and increases our working capabilities, but with the increased usage many security concerns are also introduced. Most of these concerns are related to mobile technologies like 3G, 4G etc., and security and privacy of users. In this study, we identified the eleven major security concerns associated with mobile devices that are reported in research literature and performed risk analysis on identified concerns to propose detection and mitigation strategy. Furthermore, we developed the corpus of research literature on mobile devices, security concerns to identify the most important security concerns by using word frequency. The concerns which are most discussed by the researchers are more important. Finally, based results of text mining, we proposed a framework to detect, mitigate and address the security concerns. For benchmarking, we evaluate the proposed framework with the results of various research papers and found that our framework is more effective as it is covering more dimensions of mobile security.
Modulation of gait inter-limb coordination in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy after intensive upper extremity intervention

Motor function difficulties associated with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) impact gait inter-limb coordination between the upper and lower extremities. Two motor learning based, upper extremity treatments, Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and Hand Arm Bimanual Therapy (HABIT), have resulted in improvements in coordination and function between the arms in children with USCP. However, no study has investigated whether coordination between the upper and lower extremities improves after either intervention during a functional task, such as walking. Gait analysis was performed before and after participation in intensive (3 weeks, 90 h total) CIMT and HABIT interventions to determine if intensive upper extremity treatment can improve inter-limb coordination between the upper and lower extremities of children (n = 20, 6–17 years old) with USCP. While upper extremity clinical evaluations indicated hand function improvements, there were no changes in lower extremity parameters for either treatment. However, we found that 10 out of 11 children with a 2:1 arm swing-to-stride ratio at pre-test improved to a 1:1 ratio at post-test. Temporal synchronicity of contralateral limbs, swing displacement of the more affected arm, and arm swing side symmetry unexpectedly decreased. Positive changes in coordination were observed in children who demonstrated poor coordination during walking at pre-test, yet the changes were not robust. Principle component analysis did not indicate changes in limb coupling. While more coordinated, gross-motor training of the upper and lower extremity may reveal greater changes, lower extremity gait patterns were not improved in high functioning children with USCP.
Sliding mode and SDRE control laws on a tethered satellite system to de-orbit space debris

Abstract Since space debris is a problem that has been continuously increasing, removal missions should be considered. Tethered space system (TSS) has wide application prospects in the future on-orbit missions such as debris removal. However, it is rather complex and difficult for TSS to realize stabilization of tumbling combinations after connecting to the debris. In this paper, the stabilization problem of this combination is studied. An adaptive sliding mode and State-Dependent Riccati Equation control methods are applied on a TSS to stabilize the system and de-orbit the space debris. The tether tension and stability of the in-plane and out-of-plane libration angles of the system are taken into account. The tether can only resist axial stretching. The thrusters, which are the sources of the system inputs are equipped on the satellite. The controllers regulate the tether to remain fully stretched and to decrease the altitude of the orbit continuously. The numerical simulation validates the proposed control schemes for de-orbiting the debris and put it in lower altitude orbit. This makes the debris retrieve to the atmosphere in less time than the actual orbit lifetime. The comparison between two control schemes is discussed.
From Predictions to Prescriptions in Multistage Optimization Problems.

In this paper, we introduce a framework for solving finite-horizon multistage optimization problems under uncertainty in the presence of auxiliary data. We assume the joint distribution of the uncertain quantities is unknown, but noisy observations, along with observations of auxiliary covariates, are available. We utilize effective predictive methods from machine learning (ML), including $k$-nearest neighbors regression ($k$NN), classification and regression trees (CART), and random forests (RF), to develop specific methods that are applicable to a wide variety of problems. We demonstrate that our solution methods are asymptotically optimal under mild conditions. Additionally, we establish finite sample guarantees for the optimality of our method with $k$NN weight functions. Finally, we demonstrate the practicality of our approach with computational examples. We see a significant decrease in cost by taking into account the auxiliary data in the multistage setting.
In Utero Restoration of Hindbrain Herniation in Fetal Myelomeningocele as Part of Prenatal Regenerative Therapy Program at Mayo Clinic

Abstract Objective To assess our initial experience with prenatal restoration of hindbrain herniation following in utero repair of myelomeningocele (MMC). Patients and Methods Three consecutive patients with prenatally diagnosed MMC (between January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2018) were managed with open in utero surgery. As per institutional review board approval and following a protocol designed at the Mayo Clinic Maternal & Fetal Center, fetal intervention was offered between 19 0/7 and 25 6/7 weeks of gestation. Prenatal improvement of hindbrain herniation was the declared restorative end point. Obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were also assessed. Results Diagnosis of MMC was confirmed upon referral between 20 and 21 weeks' gestation by using fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. In all cases reported here, the spinal defect was lumbosacral with evidence of hindbrain herniation. Open in utero MMC repair was performed between 24 and 25 weeks' gestation with no notable perioperative complications. Postprocedure fetal magnetic resonance imaging performed 6 weeks after in utero repair documented improvement of hindbrain herniation. Deliveries were at 37 weeks by cesarean section without complications. Most recent postnatal follow-ups were unremarkable at both 11 months (baby 1) and 3 months of age (baby 2), with mild ventriculomegaly. Antenatal and postnatal follow-up of baby 3 at 1 month of age was also unremarkable. Conclusion Our study highlights the prenatal restoration of hindbrain herniation following in utero MMC repair in all cases presented here as an example of a prenatal regenerative therapy program in our institution.
Stochastic Dynamic User-Optimal Route Choice Models

Dynamic route guidance systems are being developed in order to inform and guide drivers regarding their best departure times and routes so as to avoid congestion delay. However, drivers may or may not rely on the information provided by the route guidance system to adjust their departure times and routes. Furthermore, drivers without navigation systems do not have perfect information on the network traffic and must use their own experience and perception of current traffic conditions to make travel decisions. Thus, there is a need to develop dynamic route choice models under imperfect information as well as perfect information.
Chapter 15 – Gene Therapy for the Prevention of Vein Graft Disease

Despite advances in the medical management of atherosclerosis, surgical revascularization using autologous veins remains a mainstay of therapy for both coronary and peripheral artery disease. However, long-term outcomes following bypass surgery are limited by relatively high failure rates due to vein graft disease. Vein graft failure, together with the limited supply of native veins, has led to interest in gene therapy to prevent vein graft disease. Bypass grafting presents an ideal opportunity for gene therapy because vein grafts can be treated with gene delivery vectors ex vivo to maximize gene delivery, minimize systemic toxicity, and target the pathogenesis of vein graft disease at its onset. Here we discuss the pathogenesis of vein graft disease, vector delivery strategies, and potential molecular targets for preventing vein graft disease. We summarize the preclinical and clinical literature on gene therapy in vein grafting and discuss considerations for future therapies to prevent vein graft disease.
Prostaglandin E2 Promotes Recovery of Thymus in Survivors of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome (H-ARS)

Abstract We have previously developed a murine model of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome [H-ARS, total body irradiated (TBI)] and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) for efficacy testing of potential medical countermeasures (MCM) against these two syndromes. Using this model, we have previously reported that prophylactic use of 16,16 dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2), a long-acting formulation of PGE, before irradiation significantly increases 30-day survival rate. The current study investigated the effects of the prophylactic use of dmPGE2 with or without therapeutic use of dmPGE2 in survivors on long-term thymus recovery in H-ARS survivors at 6 and 12-months post-LD70/30 (872cGy, 137Cs, 95.2±4.8 cGy/min). Mice were irradiated at 12 weeks of age and then injected subcutaneously with dmPGE2 (1 dose of 35 ug dmPGE2/mouse) or vehicle (Veh; ethanol/PBS solution) at 30“ or -1hr pre-TBI. Survivors were injected monthly with dmPGE2 or Veh and then analyzed for evidence of thymic reconstitution at 6 and 12 months.post-TBI. The three test groups were: prophylactic dmPGE2 + monthly dmPGE2 (PP), prophylactic dmPGE2 + monthly Veh (PV), and prophylactic Veh + monthly Veh (VV), n = 3-6 mice/group. Thymus weight and cellularity of mice in the dmPGE groups, PV and PP, were increased compared to Veh both at 6-months and 12-months post-TBI (p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Thermal effects of percutaneous application of plasma/radiofrequency energy on porcine dermis and fibroseptal network

Background Skin laxity is one of the defining characteristics of aging and can be the result of various factors including intrinsic aging, genetics, diet, stress, lifestyle, sun exposure, weight fluctuations, and smoking. Recent reports suggest the ability of subdermal energy application to reduce skin laxity. Thermal energy can be delivered using different devices including lasers, radiofrequency (RF) monopolar and bipolar devices, and plasma/RF devices. Plasma-based energy platforms generate a plasma gas, allowing heat to be applied to the tissue. This study focused on the evaluation of thermal effect of plasma/RF compared to a monopolar RF device applied percutaneously to the subdermis and connective fibroseptal network in a porcine model. Methods The subdermal application of energy was conducted using a plasma/RF system and a monopolar RF system. Both low and high energy/temperature settings were evaluated in dynamic and stationary modes. Histomorphometry was used to determine the depth of thermal effect associated with each treatment setting. Results Both dermis and fibroseptal network tissue exhibited the presence of microscopically thermally treated zones. There were no significant differences in average and maximum depths of thermal effect between the different handpieces and electrosurgical systems used for all treatment settings. Conclusions No significant differences in the thermal effect between plasma/RF and monopolar RF systems were observed, suggesting that plasma/RF systems can be safely used for the percutaneous application of energy in the subcutaneous space.
LGR5 in Barrett's Esophagus and its Utility in Predicting Patients at Increased Risk of Advanced Neoplasia.

INTRODUCTION The expression of LGR5, a known stem cell marker, is poorly understood in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and related neoplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate LGR5 in BE and related neoplasia and to evaluate its utility as a potential biomarker of progression to advanced neoplasia. METHODS We evaluated total 137 patients, including 119 with BE and 18 with normal gastroesophageal mucosa for expression of LGR5 using RNA in situ hybridization; this also included 28 progressors and 30 nonprogressors. The LGR5 stain was evaluated using 1 qualitative and 2 quantitative parameters, using manual and automated platforms. RESULTS Surface LGR5 expression was mainly seen in high-grade dysplasia (12/18) compared with low-grade dysplasia (1/8) and nondysplastic BE (0/17) (P < 0.0001). In contrast to nondysplastic BE, low- and high-grade dysplasia showed a higher percentage of mean number of LGR5-positive crypts per patient (P < 0.0001) and an increase in the mean number of LGR5 transcripts per cell (P < 0.0001). The mean percentage of LGR5-positive crypts per patient and the mean number of LGR5 transcripts per cell were also significantly higher in nondysplastic BE from progressor compared with nonprogressor (P < 0.0001, P = 0.014). The sensitivity and specificity of LGR5 for distinguishing progressor from nonprogressor were 50% and 87%, respectively. DISCUSSION BE-related advanced neoplasia shows an expansion of the LGR5-positive cellular compartment, supporting its role as a stem cell marker in this disease. Quantitative LGR5 expression and surface epithelial reactivity are novel biomarkers of increased risk of progression to advanced neoplasia in BE.
Enantioselective Addition of α-Nitroesters to Alkynes

By using Rh-H catalysis, we couple α-nitroesters and alkynes to prepare α-amino-acid precursors. This atom-economical strategy generates two contiguous stereocenters, with high enantio- and diastereocontrol. In this transformation, the alkyne undergoes isomerization to generate a RhIII -π-allyl electrophile, which is trapped by an α-nitroester nucleophile. A subsequent reduction with In powder transforms the allylic α-nitroesters to the corresponding α,α-disubstituted α-amino esters.
The impact of medical and recreational marijuana laws on opioid prescribing in employer‐sponsored health insurance

Using data from Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database between 2009 and 2015, we studied the effects of medical and recreational marijuana laws on opioid prescribing in employer-sponsored health insurance. We used a differences-in-differences (DD) approach and found that the implementation of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and recreational marijuana laws (RMLs) reduced morphine milligram equivalents per enrollee by 7% and 13%, respectively. The reduction associated with MMLs was predominately in people aged 55-64, whereas the reduction associated with RMLs was largely in people aged 35-44 and aged 45-54. Our findings suggest that both MMLs and RMLs have the potential to reduce opioid prescribing in the privately insured population, especially for the middle-aged population.
Contemporary Management of Pediatric Blunt Splenic Trauma: A National Trauma Databank Analysis.

PURPOSE To quantify changes in the management of pediatric patients with isolated splenic injury from 2007 to 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients under 18 years old with registered splenic injury in the National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2015) were identified. Splenic injuries were categorized into 5 management types: nonoperative management (NOM), embolization, splenic repair, splenectomy, or a combination therapy. Linear mixed models accounting for confounding variables were used to examine the direct impact of management on length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) days, and ventilator days. RESULTS Of included patients (n = 24,128), 90.3% (n = 21,789), 5.6% (n = 1,361), and 2.7% (n = 640) had NOM, splenectomy, and embolization, respectively. From 2007 to 2015, the rate of embolization increased from 1.5% to 3.5%, and the rate of splenectomy decreased from 6.9% to 4.4%. Combining injury grades, NOM was associated with the shortest LOS (5.1 days), ICU days (1.9 days), and ventilator days (0.5 day). Moreover, splenectomy was associated with longer LOS (10.1 days), ICU days (4.5 days), and ventilator days (2.1 days) than NOM. The average failure rate of NOM was 1.5% (180 failures/12,378 cases). Average embolization failure was 1.3% (6 failures/456 cases). Splenic artery embolization was associated with lower mortality than splenectomy (OR: 0.10, P <.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in mortality between embolization and NOM (OR: 0.96, P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS In pediatric splenic injury, NOM is the most utilized and associated with favorable outcomes, most notably in grades III to V pediatric splenic injury. If intervention is needed, embolization is effective and increasingly utilized most significantly in lower grade injuries.
הלכת יולי אדלשטיין וכרונולוגיית יחסי הכוחות בין הכנסת לממשלה בישראל The Yuli Edelstein Decision and the History of the Balance of Power between the Knesset and the Government in Israel

תקציר בעברית: הלכת אדלשטיין הרעידה את אמות הסיפים של הדמוקרטיה הישראלית. לראשונה בתולדות המדינה התערב בית המשפט העליון בקביעת עיתוי הצבעה בכנסת ויצר מציאות פוליטית בלתי הפיכה. לראשונה התפטר יו"ר של הכנסת במחאה תוך סירוב לקיים צו שיפוטי. כל רשות ראתה את רעותה כפוגעת קשות בעקרונות הליבה של הדמוקרטיה. בית המשפט סבר כי סירוב יו"ר הכנסת לקיים הצבעה על החלפתו כאשר רוב חברי הכנסת דורשים לעשות כן עולה כדי פגיעה קשה במרקם החיים הפרלמנטריים. יו"ר הכנסת דבק בעמדתו שהוא נוהג בממלכתיות ומונע "אלטלנה שנייה" בהתפטרותו. עם מי הדין? מאמר זה מבקש לתרום לשיח במובנים אחדים: ראשית, הוא מציג הוכחה אמפירית לכך ששליטת הממשלה בכנסת נחלשה לאורך שנות קיומה של המדינה בהיבטים רבים, ולכן יש להיזהר מביסוס התערבות שיפוטית ביחסי כנסת-ממשלה על רקע תזה הטוענת להיחלשות הכנסת בשנים האחרונות. שנית, המאמר טוען כי הצורך בחיזוק הכנסת על חשבון הממשלה אינו יכול להצדיק את הלכת אדלשטיין. קנוניזציה של ההלכה צריכה להתמקד בדחיפות שראה בית המשפט בהתערבות שתאפשר חילופי שלטון תקינים בישראל. שלישית, המאמר מראה כי החוק, הנוהג בכנסת, התקדימים המשפטיים ואופייה של השיטה הפרלמנטרית היוו נימוקים בעד עמדת אדלשטיין והצדיקו אי התערבות שיפוטית. רביעית, לטענתי ניתן היה למנוע את התממשות הסכנות של פוליטיזציה של השפיטה ומשפטיזציה של הפוליטיקה לו היה בית המשפט מסתפק בסעד הצהרתי. יתרה מכך, אף על פי שגם בעבר נמנע יו"ר הכנסת מלציית לפסיקת בית המשפט, אז נמנעה התנגשות בין הרשויות כי בית המשפט הסתפק בסעד הצהרתי מטעמים אסטרטגיים. לשיטתי, בית המשפט אינו רשאי ליתן צווי עשה שעה שהוא מתערב בהליכים פנים-פרלמנטריים כי הדבר סותר חזיתית את החסינות המהותית המוקנית לחברי הכנסת.
Use of Remdesivir to Treat COVID-19 after Orthotopic Heart Transplant

Purpose Guidance for managing orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients with COVID-19 infection is limited. There have been 80 published cases of OHT recipients with COVID-19 infection to date, and they show a higher incidence of infection and greater mortality (26-41%) than that observed in the general population. Remdesivir, an inhibitor of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, decreases median recovery time from infection in the general population, but was not used in any OHT patients. We sought to determine the effectiveness of remdesivir to treat COVID-19 in OHT recipients. Methods Out of 400 OHT patients followed at UCSD, 1.8% (n=7) have tested positive for COVID-19. Four of these patients were treated with remdesivir. Three patients with milder symptoms did not require treatment. Results OHT recipients with COVID-19 infection were a median 55 years of age (range 28-62 years), 71% (5/7) were male, and they were a median of 3 years post-transplant (range 2-5 years). All patients were taking tacrolimus, 85% (6/7) were also taking mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or 14% (1/7) were taking mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. All patients had positive nasopharyngeal COVID-19 PCR and were admitted for observation. MMF and mTOR inhibitors were held on admission while tacrolimus was continued. Four patients (57%) developed hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen or had pulmonary infiltrates on chest x ray and were treated with remdesivir. Patients received an intravenous (IV) infusion of 200 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg IV daily over 4 days (total 5 doses). Two patients were also treated with IV antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia (n=1) or urinary tract infection (n=1). Three of the four patients treated with remdesivir had complete resolution of fevers, hypoxia and symptoms after a 5-day course. The fourth patient had continued hypoxia requiring supplemental O2 therapy and received an additional 5 days of remdesivir 100 mg IV daily (10-day total course) with subsequent resolution of symptoms. No patients were intubated or admitted to intensive care and all 7 patients survived to hospital discharge and had negative COVID-19 PCR at outpatient follow up. No other COVID-19 directed therapies were used. Conclusion Compared to 80 patients in prior published cases, our experience suggests that prompt administration of remdesivir improves outcomes in OHT patients with COVID-19 infection.
Dimensions of meaning

The representation of documents and queries as vectors in a high-dimensional space is well-established in information retrieval. The author proposes that the semantics of words and contexts in a text be represented as vectors. The dimensions of the space are words and the initial vectors are determined by the words occurring close to the entity to be represented, which implies that the space has several thousand dimensions (words). This makes the vector representations (which are dense) too cumbersome to use directly. Therefore, dimensionality reduction by means of a singular value decomposition is employed. The author analyzes the structure of the vector representations and applies them to word sense disambiguation and thesaurus induction.
The effects of smartphone addiction on learning: A meta-analysis

Abstract Research on smartphone use among college students is extensive. Although numerous studies have examined the relationships between mobile phone use and academic achievements, many such studies have yielded mixed findings. Hence, the overarching goal of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively synthesize existing research to investigate the effects of smartphone addiction on learning. The authors included 44 studies (45 effects) in the analysis yielding a sample size of N ​= ​147,943 college students from 16 countries. The results show that smartphone addiction negatively impacts students' learning and overall academic performance (Q (43) ​= ​711.87, p ​
Abstract 67: Quantifying Transportation Barriers in Rwandan Patients Seeking Treatment for Breast Cancer

Purpose: Comprehensive cancer care in many sub-Saharan African countries is concentrated within a few centers. With only two comprehensive treatment facilities in Rwanda, travel distance, travel time, and travel cost may represent underappreciated barriers to accessing cancer treatment. Here we describe travel and transportation experiences of patients receiving curative breast cancer treatment at Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE). Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey assessing contributors of care-continuum delays was administered to female patients receiving curative breast cancer treatment. Between July and November 2020, 89 (75%) of eligible patients were reached by phone, all of whom provided verbal consent and voluntarily participation. Patient demographic information and transportation experience were descriptively summarized. Results Participants had a median age of 48 years, and they represented all five Rwandan provinces. Twenty-one patients (24%) belonged to the lowest of the four socioeconomic “ubudehe” strata, as defined by the local government, while none were in the highest stratum. Few patients9 households owned transportation vehicles with only one owning a private car, 4 (4%) owning a motorbike, and 23 (26%) owning a bicycle. Most patients, 84 (94%) utilized public transport buses for a portion of their travel, while 48 (54%) utilized motorbikes. Median one-way travel time from patients9 home to BCCOE was 7 hours (interquartile range: 6-8 hours). The median cost of transportation for each round-trip was RWF12000, approximately $12 USD, which equates to 75% of a Rwandan adult9s total monthly consumption. Transportation costs were noted as a significant barrier by 43 patients (46%), and 35 (39%) received financial support from outside their household to pay for transportation. Conclusion Transportation time and cost are significant burdens on patients receiving breast cancer treatment in Rwanda. Studies are needed to evaluate strategies for alleviating these burdens, such as comprehensive transportation financial support and innovative care delivery with telemedicine. Citation Format: Temidayo Fadelu, Cam Nguyen, Nicaise Nsabimana, Evariste Bigirimana, Vestine Mukandayisenga, Hubert Tuyishime, Lawrence Shulman, Timothy Rebbeck. Quantifying Transportation Barriers in Rwandan Patients Seeking Treatment for Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 67.
The Shortest Path AMID 3-D Polyhedral Obstacles

It is well known that the problem of finding the shortest path amid 3-D polyhedral obstacles is a NP-Hard problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm to find the globally shortest path by solving stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The main idea is based on the simple structure of the shortest path, namely it consists of straight line segments connected by junctions on the edges of the polyhedral obstacles. Thus, finding the shortest path is equivalent to determining the junctions points. This reduces the originally infinite dimensional problem to a finite dimensional one. We use the gradient descent method in conjunction with Intermittent Diffusion (ID), a global optimization strategy, to deduce SDEs for the globally optimal solution. Compared to the existing methods, our algorithm is efficient, easier to implement, and able to obtain the solution with any desirable precisions.
Acceptability of Vaccines Against Preventable Infections Including Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Patients With Rheumatic Disease.

Objective Vaccination against preventable infections is widely recommended for patients with systemic rheumatic disease. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted variability in attitudes toward vaccination, particularly with the use of novel vaccine platforms. We studied attitudes toward vaccination against COVID-19 and other preventable infections among patients with systemic rheumatic disease and compared these against the general population. Methods We surveyed patients treated at Brigham and Women's Hospital for systemic rheumatic disease using a secure web-based survey or paper survey in English or Spanish, from December 2020 to April 2021. We included survey questions used in the nationwide Harris Poll (October 2020 and February 2021), allowing the comparison of responses with those from the general population. Response frequencies were estimated and compared using descriptive statistics. Results Of 243 participants (25% response rate), the mean age was 56 years, 82% were women, and 33% were nonwhite. Rheumatoid arthritis (50%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (28%) were the most common diagnoses. Thirty percent had been hospitalized previously for any infection. Seventy-six percent worried a lot or somewhat about contracting COVID-19. Attitudes toward vaccination were very favorable, with 92% having received a flu shot in the past year and 84% desiring a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible compared with 30% to 40% of Harris Poll respondents (P Conclusion Vaccine acceptability, including toward COVID-19 vaccines, was high among this population of patients with systemic rheumatic disease seen at an academic medical center cohort. Physician recommendation is a key factor for vaccine uptake.
Which substrate is best for EMI

This paper compares five groups of substrate technologies from an EMI viewpoint. The substrates, which were chosen to represent those in common usage, are: (1) "standard" epoxy types (FR-4, FR-N etc); (2) "flex" substrates; (3) LTCC ceramic substrates; (4) diffusion patterned substrates; and (5) HDI (high density interconnect).
Numerical solution of viscous flow in unbounded fluid

Incompressible viscous flow fields induced by initial vorticity distributions with bounded support or exponential decay in the far field are investigated. A numerical scheme for the solution of the vorticity distribution and the velocity field is presented with special emphasis on the treatment of the boundary data. The efficiency of the scheme is demonstrated. The present method has been applied to the study of the merging and collision of vortex rings.
Chapter 11 Biomedical FRET–FLIM applications

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces FRET–FLIM, applied to numerous biological problems, centering on protein–protein interactions, protein conformation, posttranslational modifications, and activation state of enzymes, with lipid microdomains. Each of these applications takes advantage of the combination of exquisite localization of two fluorophores in close proximity and the spatial resolution of microscopy approaches. Fluorophores are introduced in the living or fixed samples, for the imaging of living cells, fixed cells, and even pathological specimens to be informative. Fluorescence microscopy continues to make a massive impact in the field of biomedical research as the necessary technology continues to advance in both sophistication and cost effectiveness. The most developed use for the new technology is as a kind of nanometer scale ruler for the detection and quantification of interactions and conformational changes of proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA, and other biologically important molecules. The technology has matured to the point that it is now making solid contributions to the understanding of normal and pathological cellular function.
Teaching problem solving, computing, and information technology with robots

The Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at the United States Military Academy uses the Lego Mindstorms robot and Java as part of the active-learning environment used to teach Information Technology (IT) and problem solving with computers. The United States Military Academy at West Point requires students to take a course on IT and problem solving with computers during their first year. This course is an important opportunity to expose undergraduate students to technology and concepts that will be a part of their daily lives and future careers. The Mindstorms robots are used in the introductory computer science course to teach problem solving skills, fundamental computer programming concepts, and to introduce the concepts of autonomous vehicles, embedded computer systems, sensors, and computer simulation. The short-term impact on the students taking the course has been very positive, and we are confident that the long-term impact will be substantial. Members of the faculty at West Point developed a computer programming environment completely in Java for the Mindstorms robot called Jago. Jago enables students to write programs in Java that will run in a graphic simulator and in the robot. Jago enables the students to visually evaluate their algorithmic solutions, which some students can more easily grasp. Based on these results we have incorporated Jago into the core IT course taught at West Point.
Generalized iterations and primitive divisors

Abstract Let ( g i ) i ≥ 1 be a sequence of Chebyshev polynomials, each with degree at least two, and define ( f i ) i ≥ 1 by the following recursion: f 1 = g 1 , f n = g n ∘ f n − 1 , for n ≥ 2 . Choose α ∈ Q such that { g 1 n ( α ) : n ≥ 1 } is an infinite set. The main result is as follows: If f n ( α ) = A n B n is written in lowest terms, then for all but finitely many n > 0 , the numerator, A n , has a primitive divisor; that is, there is a prime p which divides A n but does not divide A i for any i n .
Studies on isolated cell components. XIV. An electrophoretic analysis of the soluble proteins of rat liver, kidney, brain, and testis.

Abstract Detailed analysis of the electrophoretic patterns of the soluble proteins of rat liver, kidney, brain, and testis in pH 7.5, 0.1 ionic strength buffer reveal characteristic differences and similarities. The large differences in average mobility are indicated by the median mobilities, which were −2.0 for liver, −3.0 for kidney, −4.1 for testis, and −5.2 for brain. Implications of the presence of peaks in such complex mixtures are discussed.
Using library swipe-card data to inform decision making

Georgia State University (GSU) affiliates must swipe their campus ID cards at turnstiles in order to enter the University Library buildings. The swipe verifies the individual is a GSU affiliate and unlocks the turnstile for entry. With each swipe, data such as year in school, major, and GPA are sent to a database. The library partnered with Advanced Campus Services, (ACS), GSU‟s high-performance, research computing unit, to create a tool to access the data. The end product has been a valuable tool for the library, one that has been used to inform staffing and operating hours decisions, as well as produce reports for campus stakeholders.
Use of HIV-1 LTR Sequence Variants as Prognostic Indicators of HIV Dementia

To date, no prognostic viral markers exist for the onset of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HIVD). The long terminal repeat (LTR) regulates HIV-1 viral gene expression via its interaction with multiple viral and host factors, including CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and Sp transcription factor families. We have examined sequence variation at C/EBP sites I and II, and Sp sites I, II, and III in peripheral blood (PB)-derived LTRs from HIV-1-infected patients for potential signature sequences. The 3T configuration of C/ EBP site I (C to T at position 3) and 5T configuration of Sp site III (C to T at position 5) were the only variants examined that were found in low frequencies in PB-derived LTRs derived from patients at early stages of HIV-1 disease, and at increasing frequencies in patients representing later stages of disease. Sequence variation at these sites was also examined in LTRs derived from autopsied brain tissue of patients both with and without HIVD. The 3T C/ EBP site I was identified in 25% of brain-derived LTRs from patients with HIVD, but was absent in patients without HIVD. This suggests that 3T C/EBP site I, and possibly 5T Sp site III may prove valuable in assessing the likelihood of an HIV-1-infected individual developing HIVD. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
Energy requirements of infants and children.

The energy requirements of infants and children are defined as the amount of food energy needed to balance total energy expenditure (TEE) at a desirable level of physical activity, and to support op
A self-consistent calculation of the Roper-resonance Regge trajectory in the ɛN→ɛN channel

Using Roper-resonance exchange (mass ≈1470 MeV) in the Born approximation plus a pole term as input forces, theND−1 integral equations are solved numerically by means of matrix inversion for the single channgel ɛN→ɛN in theJP=1/2+,T=1/2 state. The e-meson is anS-wave 2π resonance (JP=0+,T=0) at a mass ≈ 700 MeV, while the Roper resonance is regarded as a bound ɛN state. Self-consistent values for the Roper-resonance mass and coupling constant are obtained. When continued to nonintegral values of the orbital angular momentum, the calculation yields a Regge trajectory for the Roper resonance which is in very good agreement with the one deduced experimentally.
Beta-adrenergic signaling, a novel target for cancer therapy?

Received: November 9, 2010 , Accepted: November 10, 2010 , Published: November 11, 2010 //
Microscopy of the echidna sublingual glands.

With 8 figures Summary The secretory units and duct system of the echidna sublingual glands exhibit subtle architectural modifications to accommodate the viscous secretion produced by these glands. The glands are compound tubular glands, the secretory units of which are elongate with open lumina and consist only of mucous cells. Closely packed spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells invest the secretory units, but are absent around the ducts. The branched secretory tubules open into an abbreviated duct system characterized by wide lumina. Striated ducts normally associated with the second portion of the intralobular duct system are absent. The duct system shows the most obvious modification of general salivary gland architecture presumably to accommodate the viscous secretion propelled from the secretory units by surrounding myoepithelial cells.
Cloning of chicken globin cDNA in bacterial plasmids.

Chicken globin cDNA was prepared from mRNA isolated from phenylhydrazine-treated chicken reticulocytes, and cloned into the tetracycline-resistance gene of plasmid pMB9. Restriction enzyme analysis indicates that there are at least two classes of clones isolated. Nucleotide sequence data have shown that these classes corresponded to the chicken α- and β-globin genes.
Reactions of Powdered Sound Dentin with Several Fluoride Solutions

The reactions between solutions of sodium fluoride, acidulated sodium fluoride phosphate, and hydrofluoric acid and powdered dentin produced mainly calcium fluoride and residual hydroxyapatite. Treatment of powdered dentin with a 10% solution of stannous fluoride produced a new crystalline material identical to that previously described. The formation of fluorapatite on hydroxyapatite of powdered dentin could not be detected under the experimental conditions.
Sorting and selecting in rounds

We present upper bounds for sorting and selecting the median in a fixed number of rounds. These bounds match the known lower bounds to within logarithmic factors. They also have the merit of being “explicit modulo expansion”; that is, probabilistic arguments are used only to obtain expanding graphs, and when explicit constructions for such graphs are found, explicit algorithms for sorting and selecting will follow. Using the best currently available explicit constructions for expanding graphs, we present the best currently known explicit algorithms for sorting and selecting in rounds.
A dynamical theory of torsion

Abstract An approximate dynamical theory of torsion is developed which includes the effects of the warping and in-plane shearing deformations that, in general, accompany torsional deformation in cylindrical rods.
Tubal Physiology: An Appraisal

ABSTRACT The physiology of the fallopian tube is reviewed from the standpoints of normal and pathologic conditions. Issues addressed include the functional anatomy and pharmacology of the tube, and a report of current knowledge about ciliary function. Physiologic data concerning electrical activity, motility, contractility, and ovum and sperm transport are discussed. Anatomic and physiologic observations of two abnormal conditions, ectopic pregnancy and hydrosalpinx, are analyzed on the basis of experimental and clinical investigations gathered from the current world's literature. (J GYNECOL SURG 5:3, 1989)
Self-reported memory problems in adult-onset cancer survivors: effects of cardiovascular disease and insomnia.

Background Cancer and its treatments can deleteriously affect memory. Cardiac function and insomnia can exacerbate memory problems.