cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating Critical Information on Flight Deck Displays

Honeywell Laboratories has developed a concept for integrating multiple sources of data concerning information outside the aircraft. The concept, ANCOA (Alerting and Notification for Conditions Outside the Aircraft), was conceived as means for reducing error conflicts and establishing a clear prioritization among currently independent and disparate alerting systems for hazards external to the aircraft (e.g., TCAS, EGPWS). This paper documents an empirical evaluation of ANCOA by 12 professional pilots. The concept was evaluated in Honeywell Laboratories' Flight Simulation Laboratory in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Two core ANCOA features were manipulated and compared. The first was the integration of information by comparing ANCOA's integrated, overlaid features to a traditional display layout where the information was available on separate displays. The second variable was the categorization for incoming alerts (traffic, terrain, weather, scheduling constraints) by comparing alerts sorted by category to those ...
Acute-onset dysrhythmia heralding fulminant myocarditis and refractory cardiac arrest treated with ED cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Abstract Background The outcome of refractory cardiac arrest is poor. The purpose of this report is to describe two cases presenting with fulminant myocarditis and refractory cardiac arrest treated with emergency department cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), with subsequent recovery. Methods Report of two cases. Results Two patients presented with a new onset dysrhythmia heralding fulminant myocarditis and cardiac arrest refractory to advanced life support measures. Chest compressions and positive pressure ventilation maintained oxygenation and perfusion until CPB could be initiated in the ED followed by ECMO. Spontaneous cardiac recovery followed, associated with normal neurocognitive function. Conclusion While CPB and ECMO initiation in the ED is a rare event, this could provide patients with cardiac arrest presentations suggestive of myocarditis, additional time for recovery to occur. Clinical factros suggesting a good outcome are witnessed cardiac arrest in a previously healthy child with immediate initiation of effective CPR and good brain perfusion and function as evidence by substantial bodily movement during CPR. Significant dysrhythmias in a previously healthy child may herald substantial deterioration and cardiac arrest.
Memory for scripts in young and older adults

This study examined the question of whether young and older adults differ in their representation or utilization of the generic knowledge contained in scripts. In Experiment 1, young and older adults generated scripts for routine daily activities, such as grocery shopping, going to the doctor, and writing a letter to a friend. No evidence was found for age-related differences in the way that stereotypical action sequences are represented in semantic memory. In Experiment 2, young adults were found to recall and recognize new instantiations of scripts better than did older adults. However, adults in both age groups displayed similar effects of action typicality on retention, suggesting that there are no age-related differences in drawing inferences from generic knowledge. The implications of these findings for processing-resource hypotheses about memory and aging are discussed.
Mass measurements of rare isotopes with the LEBIT facility at the NSCL

Abstract The Low Energy Beam and Ion Trap (LEBIT) facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) was the first to demonstrate that high-accuracy nuclear physics experiments at low energy can be performed on rare isotopes produced by fast-beam fragmentation. The LEBIT system combines gas stopping of fast-fragment beams and advanced ion-beam manipulation and purification techniques with a 9.4-T Penning trap mass spectrometer. In operation since 2005, the masses of about thirty rare isotopes on both sides of the valley of stability have been measured at LEBIT. The investigated nuclei include the super-allowed beta emitter 38Ca, several N = Z nuclei such as the rp process waiting point nuclei 64Ge and 68Se, and the drip line nucleus 70mBr. The very accurate mass values obtained at LEBIT contribute to the understanding of astrophysical nucleosynthesis, nuclear structure studies, and tests of the Conserved-Vector-Current (CVC) hypothesis.
On graphite in primitive meteorites, chondritic interplanetary dust, and interstellar dust

Vapor phase-condensed primary and secondary graphites require prolonged solid-state thermal annealing and are less likely than amorphous graphitizable carbons to occur in the interstellar medium as dust. Some unknown fraction of this amorphous carbon may be converted to secondary graphite by radiative annealing due to UV photons. Grain size distribution may differentiate between primary and secondary graphites; secondary graphite should, moreover, be associated with poorly graphitized carbon. Small, as-yet undetected amounts of small secondary graphite particles may exist in carbon-rich astrophysical environments.
Automated measurement of printer effective addressability

When evaluating printer resolution, addressability is a key consideration. Addressability defines the maximum number of spots or samples within a given distance, independent of the size of the spots when printed. Effective addressability is the addressability demonstrated by the final, printed output. It is the minimum displacement possible between the centers of printed objects. In this paper, we present a measurement procedure for effective addressability that offers an automated way to experimentally determine the addressability of the printed output. It requires printing, scanning, and measuring a test target. The effective addressability test target contains two types of elements, repeated to fill the page: fiducial lines and line segments. The fiducial lines serve as a relative reference for the incremental displacements of the individual line segments, providing a way to tolerate larger-scale physical distortions in the printer. An ordinary reflection scanner captures the printed test target. By rotating the page on the scanner, it is possible to measure effective addressability well beyond the scanner’s sampling resolution. The measurement algorithm computes the distribution of incremental displacements, forming either a unimodal or bimodal histogram. In the latter case, the mean of the second (non-zero) peak indicates the effective addressability. In the former case, the printer successfully rendered the target’s resolution, requiring another iteration of the procedure after increasing the resolution of the test target. The algorithm automatically estimates whether the histogram is unimodal or bimodal and computes parameters describing the quality of the measured histogram. Several experiments have refined the test target and measurement procedure, including two round-robin evaluations by the ISO WG4 committee. Results include an analysis of approximately 150 printed samples. The effective addressability attribute and measurement procedure are included in ISO/IEC TS 29112, a technical specification that describes the objective measurement of printer resolution for monochrome electrophotographic printers.
A Mouse Model for Glioma: Biology, Pathology, and Therapeutic Opportunities:

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is amplified or mutated in 30-50% of human glioblastoma multiforme. These mutations are usually associated with deletions of the INK4a-ARF locus, which encodes 2 gene products (p16INK4a and p19ARF) involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We have investigated the role of EGFR mutation in gliomagenesis using avian retroviral vectors to transfer a mutant EGFR gene to glial precursors and astrocytes in transgenic mice. These mice express tv-a, a gene encoding the retrovirus receptor TVA, which is under the control of brain cell type-specific promoters. We demonstrate that expression of a constitutively active, mutant form of EGFR in cells in the glial lineage can induce lesions with many similarities to human gliomas, including increased cell density, vascular proliferation, and immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nestin. We also demonstrate that primary astrocytes cultured from transgenic mice expressing tv-a from the GFAP promoter are efficiently infected in culture, and such genetically modified cell cultures can be tumorigenic in nude mice. The combinations of genetic lesions (eg, mutated EGFR, INK4a-/-) leading to tumor formation in these 2 mouse systems are similar to those found in human gliomas. These genetically defined animal models for gliomas will allow for the testing of therapies that are targeted specifically at the gene products involved in the pathogenesis of gliomas.
Wideband equivalent circuit modelling and parameter estimation methodology for two-winding transformers

A wideband, lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model topology for two-winding power transformers is proposed. This model topology is designed to reflect the internal electromagnetic behaviour of such transformers. A parameter estimation methodology is presented for determining the parameters of the proposed model structure from measured frequency responses of the open- and short-circuit input impedances and the voltage transformation ratios. Measured and simulated frequency- and time-domain results are presented for a 16 kVA, 22 kV/240 V distribution transformer. These results show that the proposed model accurately predicts the transformer terminal responses in the frequency range between 10 Hz and 100 kHz.
Parallel tempering simulation of the three-dimensional Edwards–Anderson model with compact asynchronous multispin coding on GPU

Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model play an important role in the field of computational statistical physics, and they have revealed many properties of the model over the past few decades. However, the e ect of frustration due to random disorder, in particular the possible spin glass phase, remains a crucial but poorly understood problem. One of the obstacles in the Monte Carlo simulation of random frustrated systems is their long relaxation time making an e cient parallel implementation on state-of-the-art computation platforms highly desirable. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is such a platform that provides an opportunity to significantly enhance the computational performance and thus gain new insight into this problem. In this paper, we present optimization and tuning approaches for the CUDA implementation of the spin glass simulation on GPUs. We discuss the integration of various design alternatives, such as GPU kernel construction with minimal communication, memory tiling, and look-up tables. We present a binary data format, Compact Asynchronous Multispin Coding (CAMSC), which provides an additional 28:4% speedup compared with the traditionally used Asynchronous Multispin Coding (AMSC). Our overall design sustains a performance of 33.5 picoseconds per spin flip attempt for simulating the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson model with parallel tempering, which significantly improves the performance over existing GPU implementations.
Abstract P1-10-03: Male breast cancer: Opportunities for increased research funding and clinical trial access

It is estimated that 1% of breast cancer occurs in men: the American Cancer Society estimates 2,240 male breast cancer cases vs 234,580 female cases in 2013. However, the male disease remains understudied and access to clinical trials for men is lags behind, as will be shown by analysis of grants, papers and trials. Examination of grants in the SciVal Funding database found about $7.5M over 10 years of funded projects that even consider male breast cancer. They mostly include male breast cancer alongside other diseases. This works out at an average of $750,000 a year, well below 1% of the $620M annually committed by NCI to breast cancer overall. It works out to be less than $330 per newly diagnosed man vs $2,600 per newly diagnosed woman. Funding male breast cancer research at 1% would commit $6.2M a year, or sufficient to support 15 RO1 grants, providing significant opportunity for discovery. While nothing forces a strict proportionality between incidence and funding, an analysis of National Cancer Institute (NCI) research dollars vs estimated cases (American Cancer Society) shows that there is a positive trend amenable to linear regression. In this analysis, breast cancer receives about $200M more than would be expected simply on the basis of its incidence. This is due in part to strong community advocacy. Even if male breast cancer were funded more in line with the other cancers which are closer to the trend line, a case can be made for $4M a year or 10 RO1 grants. Another way of looking at this question is to examine research publications. PubMed returned 2,047 hits for the MeSH term ‘male breast cancer’ as compared to 201,952 for the MeSH term ‘breast cancer’ (5/7/13), or about 1%, in proportion with the incidence. However, the male breast cancer literature shows a much greater proportion of case reports and a focus on genetic predisposition and familial cancer syndromes. This is in contradistinction to the field at large which is rich in experimental biology, model systems and –omics analyses, many of them grant supported. Lastly I examine clinical trials. An analysis of enrollment eligibility of 4,826 trials found at ClinicalTrials.gov (5/14/13) showed that about 1/3rd recruit both men and women. This suggests that there are opportunities for improvement of access. Of course, some trials are not relevant to men, but this is unlikely to be true for 2/3rds. Encouragingly a look at 42 interventional breast cancer trials that had reported results and for which men were eligible, showed that accrual of men across was 0.8%, close to the relative incidence of the male disease. In summary, a case will be made that by including research on male breast cancer alongside the female disease, and providing direct targeted funds has the opportunity to fill in important gaps in knowledge. Furthermore, raising awareness and improving trial eligibility has the important potential to improve the outcome for men with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-10-03.
Performance of Hybrid ARQ in Block Fading Multiantenna Channels

In this paper, we compute the throughput of Hybrid ARQ schemes over slotted quasi static multiantenna channels. Specifically, we consider slotted Aloha, Hybrid ARQ Chase combining (HARQ-CC), and Hybrid ARQ incremental redundancy (HARQ-IR) schemes. Using reward-renewal theorem, we adopt closed-form throughput equations in [1] for multiantenna channels. Moreover, we investigate the affect of number of antennas on the throughput of these HARQ schemes with respect to offered load and target rate.
Hypertension following carotid endarterectomy: the role of cerebral renin production.

Abstract The cause of hypertension in the immediate postoperative period after carotid endarterectomy is unknown. In order to elucidate the etiology of hypertension following carotid endarterectomy, blood samples were drawn intraoperatively from internal jugular vein and external carotid artery prior to and subsequent to carotid endarterectomy in 20 patients. Renin measurement in these samples produced a ratio of internal jugular vein (cerebral) to external carotid artery (systemic). In pre-endarterectomy samples, this cerebral-to-systemic ratio was 1.0 ± 0.17. However, in the six patients hypertensive postoperatively, this ratio was significantly (p
Control of micropore size in supermicroporous titania–chromia system TiO2–Cr2O3

Abstract Sol–gel hydrolysis reactions of titanium(IV) isopropoxide and chromium (III) acetate hydroxide in the presence or absence of propanol, using the following amines as structure directing agents; N -hexylamine, N -methylhexylamine, and N -propylbutylamine, yielded microporous mixed metal oxides with the presence of pores largely in the 10–20 A region, and surface areas that vary from 564 m 2 /g when N -hexylamine is employed as pore directing template to 494 m 2 /g when N -propylbutyl amine is employed as template. The maxima in pore size distribution increases with increase in steric crowding around the nitrogen in the alkyl amine. In addition, the nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm shifted from Type 1 isotherm when N -hexylamine is used as templating agent to Type 4 isotherm in N -propylbutylamine.
Recent developments in inhaled therapy in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes around 1 million deaths annually.1 Guidelines for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD have been published by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)2 and regional bodies such as the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS),3 the United Kingdom's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE),4 and the Canadian Thoracic Society.5 Although such guidelines are updated regularly, they lag behind developments in clinical research. Furthermore, adherence to guidelines by practising doctors is often poor.6 On the basis of a review of recent medical developments, we describe a practical, patient oriented approach to the hierarchical implementation of pharmacotherapy in COPD. Published guidelines and many recent articles have acknowledged that modern management should embrace long acting bronchodilators and consider the potential role of inhaled corticosteroids and the stage at which they should be introduced. We have developed an algorithm that includes these important treatments. We reviewed the most recent guidelines from GOLD (August 2004), NICE (February 2004), and ATS/ERS (June 2004), and supplemented these by searching PubMed, using the criteria (“COPD” or “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”) and “bronchodilator” for publications between January 2002 and March 2004. We found 21 recent clinical trials not cited in the GOLD guidelines, which covered combination therapy (inhaled corticosteroid plus β2 agonist), the anticholinergic tiotropium taken once daily, and several meta-analyses of use of inhaled corticosteroid.7–10 w1-w17 Since therapeutic strategies in COPD and asthma differ markedly, differential diagnosis is key to optimal management. Asthma should be suspected in patients with a childhood history of asthma, recurrent respiratory infections or episodes of “bronchitis,” or a family history of asthma or atopy (hay fever, allergic rhinitis, and eczema). COPD should be suspected in patients with a history of …
Cellular structure of detonation in nitromethane

Wave-trace records presented here are of detonations in nitromethane-acetone mixtures and are identical to traces found in gaseous detonations on carbon-soot-covered sidewalls. The method of obtaining records is described, and results are illustrated and compared with those available in existing literature. Having duplicated one of the most useful tools of experimental gasdynamics, we made a direct comparison between the processes taking place in liquid and in gascous detonable mixtures. Conclusions are that the processes in the two media are indeed similar, and that the structure of detonation in netromethane is cellular.
Modeling bistability and switching in a [2]catenane

Bistable catenanes have the potential to serve as molecular-scale switches and machines. We have chosen to study an electrochemically-switchable [2]catenane consisting of a tetracationic cyclophane and a cyclic polyether [C. P. Collier et al., Science, 2000, 289, 1172–1175]. The application of semiempirical electronic structure calculations for a large ensemble of chemically reasonable configurations of the catenane provides a structure–energy profile consistent with experimental results. The calculations not only confirm the state-dependent structural preferences previously inferred experimentally, but also give insight into the fundamental basis of the switching mechanism and resolve earlier ambiguities concerning the connectivity of the tetrathiafulvalene unit in the polyether ring.
Interdisciplinary policy research and the universities

The primary issues of interdisciplinary policy research (IDR) management are discussed, especially as they relate to the universities in the United States. Performance requirements for effective policy research are given, followed by the initial conclusion that high-quality policy research is generally performed in spite of several elements in the traditional university environment, not because of them. The discussion of methods for developing effective research programs begins with an analysis of the reasons why a university should or should not engage in IDR and covers the following key factors: 1) availability of resources; 2) departmental influence; 3) communication; 4) management methods; 5) planning, review, and evaluation; and 6) professional staff.
SPACE AND TIME VARIATIONS OF THE SOLAR Na D LINE PROFILES.

Preliminary results are presented of observations of the solar Na D lines obtained with high space and time resolution (2.4″ × 2.4″), (6 s). The following conclusions may be drawn. The profile variations observed provide a framework in which various properties of the centre limb variation of these lines may be considered. In particular they show that any expectation of accuracy in profile coincidence above a certain value must be doomed by the intrinsic variability of the solar atmosphere.
Assessing competencies: an evaluation of ASTD's Certified Professional in Learning and Performance (CPLP) designation.

Abstract The American Society of Training and Development's (ASTD) Certified Professional in Learning and Performance (CPLP) program is purported to be based on the ASTD's competency model, a model which outlines foundational competencies, roles, and areas of expertise in the field of training and performance improvement. This study seeks to uncover the relationship between the competency model and the CPLP knowledge exam questions and work product submissions (two of the major instruments used to test for competency of CPLP applicants). A mixed qualitative–quantitative approach is used to identify themes, quantify relationships, and assess questions and guidelines. Multiple raters independently analyzed the data and identified key themes, and Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient was used in measuring inter-rater agreement. The study concludes that several discrepancies exist between the competency model and the knowledge exam and work product submission guidelines. Recommendations are given for possible improvement of the CPLP program.
Learning and generating color textures with recurrent multiple class random neural networks

We propose a method for learning and generating image textures based on learning the weights of a recurrent Multiple Class Random Neural Network (MCRNN) from the color texture image. The network we use has a neuron which corresponds to each image pixel, and the local connectivity of the neurons reflects the adjacent structure of neighboring neurons. The same trained recurrent network is then used to generate a synthetic texture that imitates the original one. The proposed texture learning technique is efficient and its computation time is small. Texture generation is also fast. This work is a refinement and extension of our earlier work where we considered learning of grey-level textures and the generation of grey level or color textures. We have tested our method with different synthetic and natural textures. The experimental results show that the MCRNN can efficiently model a large category of color homogeneous microtextures. Statistical feature extracted from the co-occurrence matrix of the original and the MCRNN based texture are used to confirm the quality of fit of our approach.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Association and linkage studies of the TAQI A1 allele at the dopamine D2 receptor gene in samples of female and male alcoholics.

To address the controversy surrounding DRD2 and alcoholism, we performed linkage and association studies utilizing alcoholic men from high-density families largely uncontaminated by other psychopathology and female alcoholics for whom secondary drug dependence (averaging 10 years later onset) was a prominent feature. The males and females were combined for a total of 52 alcoholics, and compared to 30 controls screened for the absence of alcoholism and other psychopathology, revealing a significant association between the frequency of the TaqI A1 allele and alcoholism. However, linkage and family-based association studies conducted on 20 families of male alcoholics found no evidence for association or linkage between Taq A and alcoholism. The results of our population-based association study, placed in the context of the literature, suggest that minimizing psychopathology in control groups is probably a more important explanation for divergent results than either sampling error or population stratification. When combined with the complete lack of within-family evidence, we conclude that the association, while not appearing to be artifactual, is not specific to the alcoholism phenotype, per se. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of Rem Sleep Deprivation on Learning and Recall by Humans

16 Ss were deprived of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for 2 nights by awakening them at the first sign of each REM period. 16 control Ss, initially matched with REM-deprived Ss on a paired-associate learning task, were awakened a similar number of times, but only from sleep without REMs. There were no significant differences between REM-deprived and control Ss on post-deprivation recall of paired-associate adjectives learned prior to deprivation or on the post-deprivation serial learning of trigrams. The results fail to support an important role for REM sleep in human memory or learning. Neither did REM-deprived and control Ss differ significantly on two mood check lists or on a number cancellation performance test.
A content analysis of gaming research: 1994‐2008

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to overview and summarize all articles published in the UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal (GRRJ) from 1994 to 2008, in order to understand the gaming research trend.Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis is performed on a total of 129 articles in 24 issues of GRRJ.Findings – The paper suggests thematic content analysis and the trend of the research in order to better understand the scope of gaming research area.Practical implications – The overview of GRRJ helps identify research gaps to suggest future research.Originality/value – This paper is the first review of the GRRJ. It provides an overview of the research that is available to managers and researchers interested in the gaming business.
Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone and flunixin meglumine on pregnancy retention in beef cows

Pregnancy loss in beef cattle after d 28 of gestation is variable, but it has been reported to be as great as 14% and has been related to transportation or handling stress. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether activation of the hypophyseal-adrenal axis with ACTH would mimic a stressful response and cause pregnancy loss in beef cattle. A secondary objective was to determine if a single injection of the PG synthesis inhibitor flunixin meglumine would attenuate the stress response and suppress serum PGF(2α) concentrations to prevent pregnancy loss. Forty nonlactating beef cows that were 34 ± 0.33 d pregnant were used for this study. In a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, cows were randomly assigned to receive ACTH [0 or 0.5 IU/kg of BW, intramuscularly (i.m.)] at 0 and 2 h of the study and flunixin meglumine (0, 1.1, or 2.2 mg/kg of BW, i.m.) at 0 h. Blood samples were collected from all cows at 0 h and every 30 min for 4 h to measure serum cortisol and PGF(2α) metabolite (PGFM) concentrations. Rectal temperature was collected for each cow at 0, 120, and 240 min. Pregnancy exams were conducted 31 and 58 d after treatment by transrectal ultrasonography, and the presence of a fetal heartbeat was used as an indicator of fetal viability. Serum cortisol concentration was affected (P 0.35) with ACTH, but was affected (P < 0.01) by flunixin meglumine, time, and the interaction of flunixin meglumine × time. Regardless of dosage (1.1 or 2.2 mg/kg of BW), flunixin meglumine decreased (P < 0.01) serum PGFM concentrations in both ACTH-treated and control cows for the duration of the study. Although ACTH treatment induced a prolonged increase in serum cortisol concentration, none of the cows used in this study lost a pregnancy. In conclusion, the activation of the hypophyseal-adrenal axis with ACTH increased serum cortisol concentrations but did not increase serum concentrations of PGFM or cause pregnancy loss during early gestation in cows. Flunixin meglumine treatment suppressed serum PGFM concentrations in control and ACTH-treated cows.
Optimal Detection of Bridge Faults and Stuck-At Faults in Two-Level Logic

Bridge faults are caused by permanent circuit failures which result in two signal wires in a logic network becoming accidentally shorted. Such faults cannot be modeled as stuck-at faults. Some of them have the effect of transforming a combinational logic circuit into a sequential circuit.
The conditionsInt(R) ⊆ RS[X] andInt(RS) = Int(R)S for integer-valued polynomials

Abstract Let R be an integral domain with quotient field K and let Int(R) = { f e K[X]| f(R) ⊆ R }. In this note we determine when Int(R) = R[X] for an arbitrary integral domain R . More generally we determine when Int(R) ⊆ R S [ X ] for a multiplicative subset S of R . In the case that R is an almost Dedekind domain with finite residue fields we also determine when Int(R S ) = Int(R) S for each multiplicative subset S of R , and show that if this holds then finitely generated ideals of Int(R) can be generated by two elements.
Unique aspects of NO-related cerebrovascular regulation: influence of estrogen and caveolin-1

Abstract The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been found to be an important neuroprotective enzyme. NO produced in the endothelium is ideally positioned to defend the brain by a variety of mechanisms, including vasodilation, thereby improving perfusion, and via anti-inflammatory actions. Estrogen depletion, which is known to increase the risk for brain damage in experimental stroke models, has been linked to a marked repression of eNOS function in both cerebral and non-cerebral blood vessels. Those changes can be reversed with chronic 17β-estradiol (E2) supplementation. Current information would suggest that E2 potentiation of eNOS-derived NO-generating capacity goes beyond simply modulating eNOS protein abundance, and seems to involve a reduction in the expression of the endogenous eNOS inhibitor, caveolin-1 (CAV-1). We endeavored to establish a link between these correlative findings by independently manipulating eNOS and CAV-1 expression (via chronic simvastatin treatment and topical antisense oligonucleotide applications, respectively), while monitoring two indicators of eNOS functional activity—acetylcholine (ACh)-induced pial arteriolar dilation and pial venular leukocyte adhesion. We found, in ovariectomized rats, that, individually, neither the upregulation of eNOS, nor the downregulation of CAV-1, in vivo is capable of restoring eNOS functional activity (i.e., recovery of ACh reactivity and reduced leukocyte adhesion) in pial vessels. Only when eNOS upregulation and CAV-1 downregulation are combined is activity normalized. These results show that changes in CAV-1 expression can have a profound effect on eNOS function in vivo, and establish the existence of a mechanistic link between changes in the abundance of CAV-1 and eNOS protein and eNOS functional activity in cerebral vessels.
On higher-order quantum stress

In this paper, we present a novel theory of the higher-order quantum stress and its formulations in the framework of density functional theory. Specifically, we have systematically derived the third-order quantum stress expression based on the higher-order Cauchy–Born rule in combination with the higher-order strain gradient theory. The higher-order quantum stress formulation provides a theoretical foundation for first-principle calculation of stress couples at atomistic scale, which may help us understand possible quantum strain gradient effects, and related ferroelectric and flexoelectric effects at small scales.
XLIII. On a new method for mapping the spectra of metals

(1894). XLIII. On a new method for mapping the spectra of metals. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 38, No. 233, pp. 379-386.
Effect of hydration on conduction ion correlations in Na β″-alumina

Abstract In this study, we have used the lineshapes of x-ray superlattice diffraction streaks to investigate the effect of water on Na+ ion correlations in Mg and Zn stabilized Na β″-alumina. Water was found to reduce superlattice correlations as evidenced by lower x-ray superlattice streak intensities and broader linewidths. Correlation lengths for dry Mg and Zn stabilized crystals were found to be 66 and 56 A, respectively, while the corresponding values were found to be 32 and 22 A for water concentration of ∼0.2 molecules per planar unit cell. These results emphasize the need to ensure that Na β″-alumina crystals are free of water before using them in experimental investigations.
Gastroenterologist-administered propofol for therapeutic upper endoscopy with graphic assessment of respiratory activity: a case series.

Background: Traditional methods of sedation and analgesia for advanced endoscopic procedures can be inadequate and frequently prolong recovery room observation. Propofol is a rapidly acting agent that produces an excellent hypnotic state, but its use is typically limited to anesthesiologist-assisted cases because of the inadequacy of current monitoring standards to reliably detect early stages of respiratory depression. Methods: Ten patients undergoing advanced upper endoscopic procedures (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound, esophageal stent placement) received a propofol infusion under the control of a second qualified gastroenterologist with advanced cardiac life support skills. Graphic assessment of respiratory activity was made by using a sidestream carbon dioxide detecting cannula. Patient satisfaction was measured with a 100 mm visual analog scale. Recovery scores were measured by standardized scoring of discharge criteria. Results: Monitoring with graphic assessment of respiratory activity detected early phases of respiratory depression, resulting in a timely decrease in the propofol infusion without significant hypoxemia, hypercapnia, hypotension, or arrhythmias. Satisfaction scores were extremely high (median score 92 of 100) and 9 of 10 patients met discharge criteria at 15 minutes after discontinuation of the propofol infusion. Conclusions: With the use of monitoring by graphic assessment of respiratory activity, propofol infusion by a second qualified gastroenterologist for prolonged upper endoscopic procedures is safe and results in high levels of patient satisfaction with rapid recovery times.
Synthesis and characterization of polythiophenes with alkenyl substituents

Synthesis of polythiophenes with alkenyl side chains is reported for the first time. The alkenyl side chains are versatile functional groups, allowing facile chemical modification to generate novel materials with tunable opto-electronic properties. Poly(3-pentenylthiophene), poly(3-undecenylthiophene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-ran-3-pentenylthiophene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-ran-3-undecenylthiophene) were synthesized by a nickel mediated cross-coupling polymerization. Poly(3-alkenylthiophene) homopolymers and random copolymers were prepared from 2-bromo-5-chlorozinc-3-alkenylthiophene monomers using Ni(dppp)Cl2 as catalyst. The field-effect mobilities and photovoltaic response in bulk heterojunction solar cells were measured for poly(3-hexylthiophene-ran-3-pentenylthiophene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-ran-3-undecenylthiophene).
Crossing movement boundaries: Factors that facilitate coalition protest by American college students, 1930-1990

Staging events with a large number of participants is a central means by which collective action movements exercise power. Creating broad coalitions that cut across movement boundaries is one way to mobilize these large numbers. In spite of this fact, most studies of social movement coalitions focus on individual movements, analyzing them in isolation. This article explores the conditions under which organizations form alliances across movement boundaries, and examines whether these cross-movement coalition events are facilitated by the same factors that inspire coalition activity among organizations active within a single movement. I use event history methods to analyze data on 2,644 left-wing protest events that occurred on college campuses between 1930 and 1990. I find several differences between the factors that facilitate cross-movement and within-movement coalition events. The availability of resources is important to within-movement coalition events but not to cross-movement coalition formation. Local threats inspire within-movement coalition events, while larger threats that affect multiple constituencies or broadly defined identities inspire crossmovement coalition formation. The activity of multi-issue movement organizations is associated with higher levels of all forms of protest, including single and cross-movement coalition events. This research contributes to social movement theory by demonstrating that political threats sometimes inspire protest, and that organizational goals influence strategic action.
Characterization of a glpK transducing phage.

A specialized glpK transducing phage, λdglpK100, has been isolated and characterized with respect to DNA structure. The glpK component of the glpKF operon has been localized within a 2.0 kilobase pair (kbp) region of the approximately 8.24 kbp bacterial DNA insert, and the positions of BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII restriction sites within this DNA have been identified.
Advanced technology developments in quantitative thermography for space science (human perception and clinical diagnostics)

Summary form only given. The needs of the space program for quantitative thermography is reviewed and the implications of NASA's advanced development work in thermography and its relationship to human perception and clinical diagnostics are discussed, with emphasis on image information processing capabilities of representative observer vision systems. Areas in which further work is needed are identified. >
The Impact of Literacy Coaches on Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices:

The field of literacy education has long been concerned with the question of how to help classroom teachers improve their practices so that students will improve as read- ers. Although there is consensus on what characterizes effective professional develop- ment, the reading research on which this consensus is based most often is small scale and involves direct support provided by university faculty. The South Carolina Reading Initiative is an exception: It is a statewide, site-based, large-scale staff development effort led by site-selected literacy coaches. Although university faculty provide long- term staff development to the coaches, the faculty are not directly involved with the professional development provided to teachers. In this study we sought to understand whether site-based, site-chosen literacy coaches could help teachers' beliefs and prac- tices become more consistent with what the field considers to be best practices. To understand teacher change, we used two surveys (Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile, n = 817; South Carolina Reading Profile, n = 1,005) and case study research (n = 39) to document teachers' beliefs and practices. We also had access to a state department survey (n = 1,428). Across these data, we found that teachers' beliefs and
Social Isolation and Domestic Violence Among Female Drug Users

The objective of this study was to examine the association between social isolation, domestic violence, and substance dependence among street-recruited female drug users. Hierarchical logistic regr...
Non-harmonic behavior induced by the particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme for cold plasma oscillations

Summary form only given. In a linearly perturbed cold plasma, particles exhibit harmonic motion about their equilibrium positions at the plasma frequency. A ID electrostatic model is used to investigate the non-harmonic behaviors caused by the particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme. Simulations in two periodic ID PIC codes, varying the number of particles and grid cells indicate that for two particles, non-harmonic behavior is observed when charge is weighted to the same grid. The error is due to the reduction of the electric field at the common grid node. A down shift of the plasma frequency is also observed. The critical closest distance to avoid significant numerical errors in PIC simulations differs for odd and even numbers of grid cells due to the charge weighting scheme. The error is reduced, but still present in many particle simulations where the long range Coulomb force dominates.
Alterations in immunolocalization of the phosphoprotein B23 in HeLa cells during serum starvation.

Abstract Bright nucleolar immunofluorescence was observed in HeLa S3 cells by immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody to the nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 (MW 37 kD/pI 5.1). After 48 h of incubation in a serum-free medium, the nucleolar fluorescence was diminished and a general nuclear immunofluorescence was observed. This change in localization of fluorescence indicated that protein B23 had migrated out of the nucleoli. No gross morphological change in nucleoli was observed by light microscopy and the immunolocalization of another nucleolar posphoprotein, C23, was unaffected by serum deprivation. Relocation of protein B23 in nucleoli was observed after refeeding with serum-containing medium. This re-entry process was not observed after treatment with actinomycin D (50 ng/ml-5 μg/ml), but the process was unaffected by cycloheximide (0.2 mM). Quantitation of protein B23 in the nucleoli of the control (fed) or starved HeLa cells was done by ELISA immunoassay. A marked decrease in the amount of protein B23 occurred in the nucleoli of the starved cells (11.8 μg B23/mgDNA) as compared with the control nucleoli (20.8 μg B23/mgDNA). The amount of protein B23 in the nucleoplasm (excluding nucleoli) was 70% higher in the starved cells. Protein B23 was analysed by one- and two-dimensional PAGE. Three components of protein B23 with slightly different molecular weights and pIs (37 kD/5.1, 35 kD/5.1 and 35 kD/5.3) were observed in nucleoli. The lower molecular weight components were predominantly found in the nucleoplasm.
Peripheral markers of blood–brain barrier damage

Abstract Neurological diseases are often associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and changes in blood–brain barrier (BBB) function. This is important for two seemingly conflicting reasons. On the one hand, a leaky BBB may lead to brain disease by allowing extravasation of cells and molecules normally segregated in the periphery, while on the other hand an intact BBB may hamper drug delivery to the ailing brain. Under both circumstances, it would be desirable to follow closely over time BBB “tightness”. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the astrocytic protein S100β is a potentially useful peripheral marker of BBB permeability. Other markers of brain-to-blood barriers have been recently discovered by a proteomic approach. These proteins are virtually absent in normal blood, appear in serum from patients with cerebral lesions, and can be easily detected. We will present clinical and laboratory evidence supporting the use of these markers as modern neurodiagnostic tools.
Circulating Autoantibodies to Oxidized LDL Correlate With Arterial Accumulation and Depletion of Oxidized LDL in LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice

Autoantibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) are elevated in some human populations with increased risk of atherosclerosis. To determine whether autoantibody levels to epitopes of OxLDL reflect the extent of aortic atherosclerosis and the content of OxLDL, we measured IgG and IgM autoantibody titers to malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL and copper-oxidized LDL (Cu-OxLDL) in 43 LDL receptor-deficient mice consuming atherogenic and regression diets. Antibody titers were correlated to percent atherosclerotic surface area, aortic weight, and aortic OxLDL content, measured as the in vivo uptake of (125)I-MDA2, a monoclonal antibody to MDA-LDL. All mice were fed an atherogenic diet for 6 months, and 1 group was euthanized. The other 3 groups were fed an atherogenic diet (fat/CHOL group), normal mouse chow (chow group), or mouse chow supplemented with vitamins E and C (chow+VIT group) for an additional 6 months. After dietary intervention, compared with their own baseline, autoantibody titers to MDA-LDL and Cu-OxLDL increased significantly in the fat/CHOL group, whereas they did not change or decreased significantly in the chow and chow+VIT groups. Aortic weight and surface area showed significant progression in the fat/CHOL group, mild progression in the chow group, and no progression in the chow+VIT group (P<0.001), whereas OxLDL content actually decreased in the latter 2 groups (P<0.001). Significant correlations were seen with MDA-LDL autoantibody titers and OxLDL content (IgM, R=0.64 and P=0.0009; IgG, R=0.52 and P=0.009), as well as with percent surface area and aortic weight. These data support the hypothesis that autoantibody titers to OxLDL reflect changes in OxLDL content in atherosclerotic lesions of LDL receptor-deficient mice. Whether autoantibody titers to OxLDL will provide similar valuable insights into the extent of human atherosclerosis, particularly anatomic measurements of plaque burden and OxLDL content, remains to be determined.
Racemization in the synthesis of polytripeptide models of collagen

Racemization in the synthesis of tripeptide intermediates and their polymers was investigated, using L-amino acid oxidase. Stepwise investigation of peptide intermediates showed no racemization during peptide coupling steps or deprotection of benzyl esters by hydrogenolysis. Saponification of one of the methyl esters produced some racemization. Preparation of active esters from N-protected tripeptide acids containing optically active C-terminal amino acid, with one exception, produced racemization. The fractionated polymers were found to contain less racemized amino acids than the crude products or starting monomeric tripeptides, indicating that the racemized sequences gave rise to lower molecular-weight oligomers. The sequences investigated were -Pro-Pro-Ala-, -Ala-Pro-Pro-, -Val-Pro-Pro-, -Pro-Pro-Leu-, -Pro-Gly-Leu-, -Pro-Gly-Phe-, -Pro-Gly-Val-, -Gly-Val-Pro-, -Phe-Pro-Gly-, -Leu-Pro-Gly-, and Ile-Pro-Gly-.
Minocycline prevents retinal inflammation and vascular permeability following ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background Many retinal diseases are associated with vascular dysfunction accompanied by neuroinflammation. We examined the ability of minocycline (Mino), a tetracycline derivative with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, to prevent vascular permeability and inflammation following retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a model of retinal neurodegeneration with breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB).