cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary. A newly described tumor

Five cases of ovarian carcinoma with hepatoid features, three of them primary and two probably primary, are described. The tumor cells were arranged predominantly in sheets and contained moderate to abundant amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm; varying numbers of tumor cells stained immunohistochemically for alpha fetoprotein. In contrast to the much younger age range of patients with ovarian hepatoid yolk sac tumors, the ages of the five patients with hepatoid carcinomas ranged from 42 to 78 (average, 63 years), and none of them had gonadal dysgenesis or recognizable germ cell components within their tumors. All the tumors presented as adnexal masses; in four cases they were Stage III and in one case, Stage IIB; this last tumor spread to the upper abdomen within 4 years. In three cases the clinical course and pathology findings indicated that the tumor had originated in the ovary; in the remaining two cases the tumors were interpreted as only probably primary in the ovary. Hepatoid carcinomas must be distinguished from other ovarian neoplasms, especially from hepatoid yolk sac tumors.
Reports from research centres--13. Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

Summary The goals of the NIAAA Intramural Research Program are to understand the mechanisms by which alcohol produces intoxication, addiction, and damage to vital body organs and to develop clinical tools for prevention and treatment of those biochemical and behavioral anomalies. The unique combination of clinical and basic research facilities that is available to the Intramural Program allows these goals to be approached through a co-ordinated interaction between clinical observations and basic laboratory findings.
The QseC sensor kinase: A bacterial adrenergic receptor

Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism in which bacteria respond to hormone-like molecules called autoinducers (AIs). The AI-3 quorum-sensing system is also involved in interkingdom signaling with the eukaryotic hormones epinephrine/norepinephrine. This signaling activates transcription of virulence genes in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. However, this signaling system has never been shown to be involved in virulence in vivo, and the bacterial receptor for these signals had not been identified. Here, we show that the QseC sensor kinase is a bacterial receptor for the host epinephrine/norepinephrine and the AI-3 produced by the gastrointestinal microbial flora. We also found that an α-adrenergic antagonist can specifically block the QseC response to these signals. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a qseC mutant is attenuated for virulence in a rabbit animal model, underscoring the importance of this signaling system in virulence in vivo. Finally, an in silico search found that the periplasmic sensing domain of QseC is conserved among several bacterial species. Thus, QseC is a bacterial adrenergic receptor that activates virulence genes in response to interkingdom cross-signaling. We anticipate that these studies will be a starting point in understanding bacterial–host hormone signaling at the biochemical level. Given the role that this system plays in bacterial virulence, further characterization of this unique signaling mechanism may be important for developing novel classes of antimicrobials.
Minimal multiplicative covers of an integer

Let |S|=n. The numbers m(n, k)=|{(S1,?,Sk):? Si=S and, ?t?1,k, ?i?lSi?S| have been studied previously by Hearne and Wagner. The present paper treats three arrays, m?(n,k), m?(n,k), and m?(n,k), which extend m(n,k) in the sense that m?(p1?ps,k)=m?(p1?ps,k)=m?(p1?ps,k)=m(s,k) for all sequences (p1,?ps) of distinct primes.
Anisotropic silicon trenches 300–500 μm deep employing time multiplexed deep etching (TMDE)

Abstract This paper reports solutions to the problem of profile control of narrow trenches in the vicinity of wider topographic features, as well as for etching high aspect ratio, anisotropic trenches with depths in the 300–500 μm range, and of widths between 12 to 18 μm. Additionally, specific operating conditions are discussed to address uniformity variations across dies with diameters in excess of 4200 μm.
Growth and testing of vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) for intracavity cooling of Yb:YLF

Abstract Optically-pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) have unique characteristics that make them attractive for use in intracavity optical cooling of rare earth doped crystals. We present the development of high power VECSELs at 1020 nm for cooling ytterbium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Yb:YLF). The VECSEL structures use AlAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors and InGaAs/GaAsP resonant periodic gain epitaxially grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. To achieve the necessary output power, we investigated thinning the substrate to improve the thermal characteristics. We demonstrated a VECSEL structure that was grown inverted, bonded to the heat sink, and the substrate removed by chemical etching. The inverted structure allows us to demonstrate 15 W output with 27% slope efficiency. Wavelength tuning of 30 nm around 1020 nm was achieved by inserting a birefringent quartz window into the cavity. The window also narrows the VECSEL emission, going from a FWHM of 5 nm to below 0.5 nm at a pump power of 40 W.
Medical simulation and modelling: On active linear compartments

Active linear compartments are capable of transforming input substances into each other. Based on several general axioms of functioning of these compartments their mathematical description in the form of matrix convolution operators is derived. Results are provided, regarding relationships between two alternative modes of mathematical description of linear active compartments. Then, properties of systems of active compartments are considered, based on results from the renewal theory.
Chameleon in the sun: photochromic glass

The properties characterized as photochromic?the ability to react reversibly to light?are found in various substances, both organic and inorganic. The two classes of materials are compared and the mechanism of the process is examined in each case. Of primary interest here are the inorganics, particularly the silver halide reversible photochromic glasses. Properties and ranges of properties of these are reviewed and some possible applications described.
Resistance to what, does it matter? How do we study it?

The importance of platelets and thrombosis in the pathophysiology of acute ischaemic coronary syndromes has been well appreciated. This information has formed the backbone of the guidelines on both sides of the Atlantic that patients with acute as well as chronic coronary artery disease be treated with aspirin as a long-term strategy of care. While the specific dosage schedule may vary, aspirin treatment remains a Class I indication.1 Increasingly, adherence to this as well as other guidelines is a measure of quality of care. The issue of platelet function and thrombosis has become more complicated in the era of stent-based percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI);2–4 this is a particular issue regarding the problem of stent thrombosis, a subject which has attracted tremendous scientific, lay press, and patient as well as regulatory interest. This interest has been stimulated by several factors:5,6 (i) stent placement is the procedure of choice for … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 507 255 2504, Fax: +1 507 255 2550, Email: dholmes{at}mayo.edu
Spatial Pattern and Order in Sunbelt Retailing: Shopping in Phoenix in the Twenty-First Century

Understanding the complexity of store location in sprawling polycentric cities requires exploitation of new spatial analysis methods that can decipher patterns in georeferenced point data. This article shows how the intrametropolitan location of retailing is best understood as a series of interconnected spatial distributions with varying order-based characteristics. A scattered pattern, which initially appears random or chaotic, is a web of differentiated spatial regimes containing wide-ranging order. A variety of clustering and colocation methods are used to uncover spatial patterns of retailing in Phoenix, Arizona. The analysis simultaneously identifies establishment associations and disassociations within and across sectors. Results show that clothing and motor vehicles are the most likely to cluster next to establishments in the same sector. These sectors also have strong intersectoral relationships across retailing. We find limited evidence that the size of establishments significantly increases with...
Consciousness and the brain: deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts

If you read only one book on consciousness this year, make it this one.It is entertaining, thoughtful, educational, and beautifully written, and provides an excellent introduction to the latest mai...
Thermogravimetry of filter-borne gasoline engine-out particulates

Abstract A thermogravimetric (TGA) method has been developed to determine the percentage of unburned engine oil, carbon black, and inorganic residue for gasoline (petrol) engine-out particulates. In general, the range of recent gasoline engine-out particulate mass emissions is 5–20 mg per mile from the US EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) test procedure (11.1 miles per test). To make TGA measurements possible with such a low particulate mass emission level, each diluted exhaust particle sample (approx 1–3mg) was collected on an ultra-thin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter (thickness, 25 μ m, pore size, 2 μm) over the duration of four consecutive EPA UDDS test procedures, which was 0.3–0.5% of the total particulate mass emitted. This method can be very useful for providing a quick evaluation of unburned oil at the relatively low engine-out emission levels needed for improved catalyst durability.
Constitutive alzheimer's-type tau epitopes in a neuritogenic rat CNS cell line

Abstract Paired helical filaments (PHFs) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) largely comprise hyperphosphorylated forms of the cytoskeletal protein tau. AD-type tau phosphoepitopes, detected by various monoclonal antibodies, are absent from normal adult neurons, but recent studies have shown that their expression may contribute to neuritogenesis and axon differentiation in the developing nervous system. Therefore, we have examined a brain nerve cell line that is spontaneously neuritogenic for possible expression of AD-type tau epitopes. The neuritogenic rat brain cell line B103 was found to constitutively produce two AD-related epitopes of tau, detected by cellular immunofluorescence studies with the PHF-1 and Alz-50 monoclonal antibodies. Biochemical studies showed that the antibodies bound to proteins within the molecular weight range expected for phosphorylated tau isoforms. Further verification was established by use of tau antisense oligomers, which eliminated cellular immunofluorescence due to the AD-related monoclonals and polyclonal anti-tau but did not eliminate fluorescence due to anti-tubulin. Cells treated with tau antisense were not neurite-free. Neurites that remained, however, were abnormal, generally short and wavy in appearance. Cellular distribution of the tau epitopes was found to be particularly interesting. Alz-50 recognized only cytoplasmic tau whereas PHF-1 recognized nuclear tau as well as cytoplasmic. Thus, the two epitopes are morphologically segregated within the cell. Because subcellular segregation of tau is compromised in Alzheimer's disease, mechanisms that segregate AD-type phosphotau epitopes in B103 cells may have relevance to this neurodegenerative disorder.
Associations Between Vascular Risk and Mood in Euthymic Older Adults: Preliminary Findings

Objectives Vascular risk has been associated with late-life depression, but it is less certain whether it is also associated with the endorsement of depressive symptoms among euthymic older adults. We explore whether vascular risk is associated with endorsement of depressive symptoms among euthymic older adults and examine associations with cognitive function. Methods Fifty-seven adults (50–89 years), were assessed for: 1) vascular risk (Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, FSRP); 2) depressive mood (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, CESD self-rating questionnaire; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDRS clinical interview); and 3) cognitive domains, (Learning and Memory, L-M; Attention and Information Processing, AIP; Executive Function, EF; Semantic Language, SL). Results Significant correlations were observed between FSRP and both depression scales, independent of age. No significant correlations were observed between HDRS and any cognitive domain; in contrast, CESD correlated significantly with L-M, AIP and EF but not SL. FSRP correlated significantly with L-M and EF measures only. Regression analyses revealed that 11.5% of the variance in HDRS scores was explained by FSRP, whereas CESD scores were explained by EF (20.8% of variance). Conclusions Vascular risk was associated with endorsement of depressive symptoms in euthymic older adults. However, the patterns of associations with the two depression scales are distinct and may reflect both differences in administration and item characteristics. A limitation of this study was the exclusion of individuals with subclinical depression, leading to a restricted range on depression scales; future studies should include a full population sample to more fully explore low mood in late-life.
Depth of submucosal invasion does not predict lymph node metastasis and survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Background & Aims There is controversy over the outcomes of esophageal adenocarcinoma with superficial submucosal invasion. We evaluated the impact of depth of submucosal invasion on the presence of metastatic lymphadenopathy and survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods Pathology reports of esophagectomy samples collected from 1997 to 2007 were reviewed. Specimens from patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and submucosal invasion were reviewed and classified as superficial (upper 1 third, sm1) or deep (middle third, sm2 or deepest third, sm3) invasion. Outcomes studied were presence of metastatic lymphadenopathy and overall survival. Variables of interest were analyzed as factors that affect overall and cancer-free survival using Cox proportional hazards modeling. A multivariate model was constructed to establish independent associations with survival. Results The study included 80 patients; 31 (39%) had sm1 carcinoma, 23 (29%) had sm2 carcinoma, and 26 (33%) had sm3 carcinoma. Superficial and deep submucosal invasion were associated with substantial rates of metastatic lymphadenopathy (12.9% and 20.4%, respectively). The mean follow-up time was 40.5 ± 4 months and the mean overall unadjusted survival time was 53.8 ± 4.1 months. Factors significantly associated with reduced survival time included the presence of metastatic lymph nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 2.89; confidence interval [CI], 1.13–6.88) and esophageal cancer recurrence (HR 6.39, CI 2.40–16.14), but not depth of submucosal invasion. Conclusions Patients with sm1 esophageal carcinoma have substantial rates of metastatic lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic treatment of superficial submucosal adenocarcinoma is not advised for patients that are candidates for surgery.
Perfusion-Modulated MR Imaging—Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of the Kidney in a Porcine Model

OBJECTIVE. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that temporary renal ischemia will result in increased thermal lesion size during radiofrequency thermal ablation in the kidney.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve kidneys were treated in six pigs that were placed under general anesthesia in the MR suite, using a 0.2-T open C-shaped MR imaging system. A 4-cm-long, 14-mm-diameter balloon catheter was placed into the aorta using a transfemoral approach, and the balloon was positioned proximal to the renal arteries via guidance with MR imaging. A 2-cm exposed-tip MR-compatible 17-gauge radiofrequency electrode was placed into one kidney under MR fluoroscopy using fast imaging with steady-state free precession (FISP) sequences. Thermal ablation was performed with the electrode tip temperature maintained at 90 ± 2°C for 10 min. This procedure was repeated in the contralateral kidney. The balloon was inflated during one ablation. Postablation images were obtained, the pigs were sacrificed, and both kidneys of...
The growth of families headed by women: 1950-1980.

In recent decades, the number of families headed by women has increased dramatically. In this article, we use U.S. census data from 1950 to 1980 to consider the extent to which population growth, fertility change, decreased marriage, increased divorce, and increased household headship have contributed to the growth of femaleheaded families. For white women, the major source of growth during the 1960s and 1970s was an increase in the number of formerly married mothers due to increased divorce and decreased remarriage. There is a similar pattern for black women for the 1960–1970 period. During the 1970–1980 decade, however, the major source of growth for black women was an increase in the number of never-married mothers due to decreased marriage and increased fertility among nonmarried women.
The Supply of Performing Arts in Metropolitan Places

Consistent with a general assumption of central place theory, the number of performing arts organizations in metropolitan places is a function of population size. Central place theory also posits t...
Student Selection, Attrition, and Replacement in KIPP Middle Schools.

Skeptics of the KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program) charter school network argue that these schools rely on selective admission, attrition, and replacement of students to produce positive achievement results. We investigate this using data covering 19 KIPP middle schools. On average, KIPP schools admit students disadvantaged in ways similar to other local students, and attrition patterns are typically no different at KIPP than at nearby schools. Unlike district schools, however, KIPP schools tend to replace students who exit with higher achieving students, and fewer students are replaced in the later years of middle school. Overall, KIPP’s positive achievement impacts do not appear to be explained by advantages in the prior achievement of KIPP students, even when attrition and replacement patterns are taken into account.
Observations of Hydrogen at Room Temperature (25°C) and High Pressure (to 500 Kilobars)

Hydrogen becomes a solid at 25 degrees C when subjected to a pressure of 57 kilobars. The high-pressure phase appears as a transparent crystalline mass. The refractive index of the high-pressure phase increases sharply with pressure, indicating a density increase of similar magnitude. At 360 kilobars the calculated density of the high-pressure phase is 0.6 to 0.7 grams per cubic centimeter.
Relationships Among Wilt-Inducing Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from Sweetpotato and Tobacco.

ABSTRACT Thirty-five isolates of Fusarium oxysporum obtained from diseased sweetpotato or tobacco were compared for pathogenicity on two cultivars each of sweetpotato and tobacco, by random amplifi...
The Developmental Biologies of Two Encyrtid Parasites of Coccus hesperidum and their Intrinsic Competition

The superiority of Metaphycus luteolus (Timberlake) over Microterys flavus Howard (both internal, gregarious parasites of Coccus hesperidum L.), in the field is contrary to the pattern of dominance of the 2 species when they compete within the body of a common host. The developmental biologies of the 2- parasites, the manner of supernumerary egg reduction, the processes by which they achieve dominance in the host's body, and the effect of their intraspecific and interspecific competition under different conditions were studied by a technique which permitted continuous observation of all developmental stages of both parasites without their removal from the body of the host. The reduction of supernumerary eggs of both species to numbers which the host could support and the elimination of 1 species by another were accomplished through combat arising from chance encounter of competing larvae. The operation of this simple but effective regulatory mechanism, as observed within the host's body, is described.
On configuring a single disk continuous media server

The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of repositories that store and retrieve continuous media data types, e.g., audio and video objects. These repositories are expected to play a major role in several emerging applications, e.g., library information systems, educational applications, entertainment industry, etc. To support the display of a video object, the system partitions each object into fixed size blocks. All blocks of an object reside permanently on the disk drive. When displaying an object, the system stages the blocks of the object into memory one at a time for immediate display. In the presence of multiple displays referencing different objects, the bandwidth of the disk drive is multiplexed among requests, introducing disk seeks. Disk seeks reduce the useful utilization of the disk bandwidth and result in a lower number of simultaneous displays (throughput).This paper characterizes the impact of disk seeks on the throughput of the system. It describes REBECA as a mechanism that maximizes the throughput of the system by minimizing the time attributed to each incurred seek. A limitation of REBECA is that it increases the latency observed by each request. We quantify this throughput vs latency tradeoff of REBECA and, develop an efficient technique that computes its configuration parameters to realize the performance requirements (desired latency and throughput) of an application.
Local tunneling measurements of the high-Tc superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4-y.

We have measured the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for tunneling into the superconducting layered copper oxide ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{y}}$ using a low-temperature scanning-tunneling microscope. The I-V curves were highly nonlinear, even at low voltages, with evidence for superconducting energy gaps \ensuremath{\Delta} of several meV. Substantial variation of \ensuremath{\Delta} was observed from measurement to measurement, with the largest being \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\sim}7 meV, corresponding to 2\ensuremath{\Delta}/${k}_{B}$${T}_{c}$\ensuremath{\sim}4.5. .AE
GDSII considered harmful

In recent years mask data preparation (MDP) has been complicated by a number of factors, including the introduction of resolution enhancement technologies such as optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase shift masks. These complications not only have led to significant increases in file sizes and computer runtimes, but they have also created an urgent need for data management tools -- MDP automation. Current practices rely on point solutions to specific problems, such as OPC; use outdated, proprietary, non-standard, informal or inefficient data formats; and just barely manage portions of the data flow via low-level scripting. Without automation, MDP requires human intervention, which leads to longer cycle times and more errors. Without adequate data interchange formats, automation cannot succeed. This paper examines MDP processes and data formats, and suggests opportunities for improvement. Within the context of existing data formats, we examine the effect of inadequate (e.g., proprietary) data formats on MDP flow. We also examine the closest thing to an open, formal, standard data format--GDSII--and suggest improvements and even a replacement based on the extensible markup language (XML).
Longitudinal studies of african elephant death and bone deposits

Abstract Hundreds of non-cultural elephant bone sites have been studied in southern Africa, starting at or before the actual moments of death and continuing through bone burial or destruction. In some sites, dozens of elephants died en masse due to drought. These sites contain spirally fractured limb bones in proportions as high as 62% of counted limb elements. Many naturally broken tusk fragments are similar to specimens that have been interpreted as artifacts in fossil proboscidean collections. Trampling marks on bones closely mimic cut marks made by stone tools. As reported here, numerous attributes of non-cultural assemblages are virtually indistinguishable from attributes that archaeologists have believed to be created by human behaviour alone.
Unusual double-peaked emission in the SDSS quasar J093201.60 + 031858.7

Abstract We examine spectral properties of the SDSS quasar J093201.60 + 031858.7, in particular the presence of strong blue peaks in the Balmer emission lines offset from the narrow lines by approximately 4200 km s−1. Asymmetry in the broad central component of the Hβ line indicates the presence of a double-peaked emitter. However, the strength and sharpness of the blue Hβ and blue Hγ peaks make this quasar spectrum unique among double-peaked emitters identified from SDSS spectra. We fit a disk model to the Hβ line and compare this object with other unusual double-peaked quasar spectra, particularly candidate binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Under the binary SMBH scenario, we test the applicability of a model in which a second SMBH may produce the strong blue peak in the Balmer lines of a double-peaked emitter. If there were only one SMBH, a circular, Keplerian disk model fit would be insufficient, indicating some sort of asymmetry is required to produce the strength of the blue peak. In either case, understanding the nature of the complex line emission in this object will aid in further discrimination between a single SMBH with a complex accretion disk and the actual case of a binary SMBH.
Collective Interaction-Driven Ratchet for Transporting Flux Quanta

We propose and study a novel way to produce a dc transport of vortices when applying an ac electrical current to a sample. Specifically, we study superconductors with a graduated random pinning density, which transports interacting vortices as a ratchet system. We show that a ratchet effect appears as a consequence of the long range interactions between the vortices. The pinned vortices create an asymmetric periodic flux density profile, which results in an asymmetric effective potential for the unpinned interstitial vortices. The latter exhibit a net longitudinal rectification under an applied transverse ac electric current.
Use of Protein:Creatinine Ratio Measurements on Random Urine Samples for Prediction of Significant Proteinuria: A Systematic Review

Background: Proteinuria is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease and as a predictor of end organ damage. The reference test, a 24-h urine protein estimation, is known to be unreliable. A random urine protein:creatinine ratio has been shown to correlate with a 24-h estimation, but it is not clear whether it can be used to reliably predict the presence of significant proteinuria. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature on measurement of the protein:creatinine ratio on a random urine compared with the respective 24-h protein excretion. Likelihood ratios were used to determine the ability of a random urine protein:creatinine ratio to predict the presence or absence of proteinuria. Results: Data were extracted from 16 studies investigating proteinuria in several settings; patient groups studied were primarily those with preeclampsia or renal disease. Sensitivities and specificities for the tests ranged between 69% and 96% and 41% and 97%, respectively, whereas the positive and negative predictive values ranged between 46% and 95% and 45% and 98%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios ranged between 1.8 and 16.5, and the negative likelihood ratios between 0.06 and 0.35. The cumulative negative likelihood ratio for 10 studies on proteinuria in preeclampsia was 0.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.24). Conclusion: The protein:creatinine ratio on a random urine specimen provides evidence to “rule out” the presence of significant proteinuria as defined by a 24-h urine excretion measurement.
The carotid tracing and apexcardiogram in subaortic stenosis and idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy.

I N a PREVIOUS paper’ we reported abnormalities of the indirect carotid tracing in patients with aortic valvular stenosis, and we confirmed some of the findings previously described in the literature.2-12 The described findings, consistently present in all patients with this valvular lesion, consisted of prolonged total ejection time and upstroke time, carotid shudder, low anacrotic notch and an inconspicuous dicrotic notch. At that time we also indicated that 2 of our cases with subaortic stenosis presented distinct characteristics in the carotid tracing which were quite different from those in the cases with the valvular type of aortic obstruction. The purpose of this present report is to analyze in more detail the abnormalities of the carotid tracings in patients with subaortic stenosis and in cases of idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy.
Lymphocyte-dependent antibody-mediated cytolysis of DNA-anti-DNA-coated target cells using human and murine SLE effector populations.

Abstract The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), T cells, B cells, and monocytes from normal volunteers as well as from patients with SLE, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and Sezary syndrome to function as effector cells in a lymphocyte-dependent antibody-mediated cytolytic (LDAMC) process, using DNA-anti-DNA-coated sheep red blood cells as targets, was studied. Both normal peripheral blood B cells and monocytes functioned well in this assay at an effector to target ratio of 10:1 using as little as a 10 −5 dilution of antibody. In contrast, peripheral blood T cells as well as cells from patients with CLL and Sezary syndrome were ineffective. PBL derived from patients with inactive SLE were similar to normal PBL in this assay. However, PBL from patients with active SLE had little effector activity at low effector to target cell ratios. At high effector to target cell ratios this decreased efficiency was less marked. Unlike human PBL, spleen cells from New Zealand and BALB/c mice functioned only at effector to target cell ratios of > 50:1. Moreover, with age, a significant decrease in the ability of New Zealand, but not BALB/c, spleen cells to function in this assay was noted. As with other LDAMC systems, the reaction was mediated by IgG antibody and was inhibited by aggregated human γ-globulin. Although LDAMC appears depressed in both patients and mice with active SLE, we suggest the possibility that LDAMC of immune complex-coated cells/tissue may be an additional mediator of tissue injury.
Arceuthobium rubrum (Viscaceae) in Mexico

Abstract Arceuthobium rubrum (Viscaceae) is a distinctive species of dwarf mistletoe having red to reddish-brown plants and red, shiny fruits. It is primarily distributed in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Durango, Mexico, but in 1972 a population of A. rubrum was reported from Oaxaca, Mexico, more than 1000 km south of the nearest population in southern Durango. Initially, this population was classified as a disjunct population of A. rubrum, but in 1989 it was described as a new species: A. oaxacanum. However, our morphological measurements and observations of the phenology for plants from Durango and Oaxaca indicate these populations are morphologically similar and flower and disperse seed at approximately the same time, supporting the results of recent molecular analyses indicating that the Oaxacan populations represent disjunct populations of A. rubrum.
Trade, investment, and economic conflict between the United States and Asia

Abstract Trade and investment flows represent mutually beneficial exchanges which clearly enrich both the United States and Asia in a variety of ways. Nevertheless, considerable controversy surrounds the American economic relationship with Asia. This paper models US trade and investment. This work is then imbedded in a model of conflictual relations between the U.S. and Asia. A simple counterfactual is used to sketch possible developments in economic relations between the U.S. and Asia. The key result of this paper is that US investment and exports are complementary. This is important because bilateral trade deficits are the prime cause of bilateral trade conflict between the U.S. and its trade partners. The implication of this analysis is that increases in Asian inward FDI would only not raise welfare for the conventional reasons, but would also bring about a reduction in trade tensions with the U.S.
Caprellid amphipod behavior and predatory strikes by fish

Fish predation upon two species of caprellid amphipods was measured in the laboratory with the aid of microcomputer analysis of video-images. This technique allowed determination of prey preferences when the predator was exposed to multiple prey specimens exhibiting multiple prey behaviors. Shiner perch Cymatogaster aggregata (Gibbons) were used as visual predators, Caprella laeviuscula Mayer represented caprellid prey which frequently move, and Deutella californica Mayer represented caprellid prey which seldom move. Time intervals between the release of fish into the test aquarium and predatory strikes were measured during four caprellid behaviors: free in the water column, crawling on hydroids, filter-feeding by pulling the antennae through the water, and remaining stationary. There are three levels of fish selectivity in decreasing importance: 1. (1)fish selected active species over the sedentary species, 2. (2) fish selected caprellids that were overtly moving: swimming > crawling or filtering > stationary, and 3. (3) fish preferentially selected caprellids by size (larger body length).
Prickly Poppies, Argemone corymbosa and A. munita, in Southern California—Native Weeds Attacked by Few Insects

The prickly poppies, Argemone corymbosa Greene and A. munita Durand and Hilgard, are native spiny herbs in southern California, closely related to the “Mexican prickly poppy,” A. mexicana L., an important, pantropical, toxic, agricultural weed. Fifteen species of insects were found associated with A. corymbosa and A. munita . Most were ectophagous, sap- and foliage-feeding, rarely collected species. Two native stenophagous insects were well-adapted to A. munita at higher elevations. These insects were the geometrid defoliator, Neoterpes ephelidaria (Hulst), and the leaf-, crown-, and root-mining weevil, Sirocaulodes tescorum (Fall). We suggest that neither of these stenophagous species shows much promise as candidate agents for the biological control of the Mexican prickly poppy.
Two-dimensional fully adaptive solutions of solid-solid alloying reactions

Abstract Solid-solid alloying reactions occur in a variety of pyrotechnical applications. They arise when a mixture of powders composed of appropriate oxidizing and reducing agents is heated. The large quantity of heat evolved produces a self-propagating reaction front that is often very narrow with sharp changes in both the temperature and the concentrations of the reacting species. Solution of problems of this type with an equispaced or mildly nonuniform grid can be extremely inefficient. In this paper we develop a two-dimensional fully adaptive method for solving problems of this class. The method adaptively adjusts the number of grid points needed to equidistribute a positive weight function over a given mesh interval in each direction at each time level. We monitor the solution from one time level to another to ensure that the local error per unit step associated with the time differencing method is below some specified tolerance. The method is applied to several examples involving exothermic, diffusion-controlled, self-propagating reactions in packed bed reactors.
Effects of Slot Bleed Injection Over a Contoured Endwall on Nozzle Guide Vane Cooling Performance: Part I — Flow Field Measurements

Endwall heat transfer has become a major issue in the design of the inlet nozzle guide vane region of modern gas turbine engines. To compensate for high rates of convective heat transfer and the uncertain flow pattern along endwall surfaces, coolant flows are often excessive and distributed in a less than optimum fashion. In many instances, coolant is carried away or mixed into the core flow by the secondary flows without being effective. There is a need for more effective cooling concepts. In this paper, the results of an experimental study examining the thermal performance of bleed injection through an inclined slot positioned upstream of the nozzle airfoil leading edge plane are presented. This paper demonstrates that this type of combustor bleed cooling is a promising cooling concept. Testing is performed in a large-scale, guide vane cascade comprised of three airfoils between one contoured and one flat endwall. The Reynolds number, based upon approach velocity and true chord length, is 350,000 and the approach flow is with large-scale, high-intensity (9.5%) turbulence. Combustor bleed cooling flow is injected ahead of a contoured endwall with bleed-to-core mass flow ratios as high as 6%. Measurements are taken to document core flow temperature distributions at several axial positions within the cascade to evaluate surface adiabatic effectiveness values and local heat transfer coefficients. This film cooling arrangement offers significant thermal protection. The coolant is shown to provide thermal protection over most of the endwall as well as portions of the pressure and suction surfaces of the airfoils. To achieve this coverage, combustor bleed flow must be strong enough to overcome the influence of endwall region secondary flows.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: Rethinking the Strategic Market Analysis Sections

ABSTRACT While nonprofit and public sector managers have adopted and adapted many traditional business approaches to strategic planning, this sector's differences in understanding, experience, and academic background suggest that additional support material may be needed. Traditional “for profit” approaches to strategic planning have long been presented based solely on the business paradigm's standard terminology and an understood common theory foundation. In reality these approaches have proven difficult for even theory trained graduate students and senior business executives to apply. This manuscript considers several typical planning formats, questions how useful they would be to a novice nonprofit planner, and provides a basic, structured approach which clarifies where to find theory which can then be applied and integrated to create executable strategy.
MRI of cervical spinal cord infarction in a patient with sickle cell disease

We report a patient with sickle cell disease who developed spinal cord ischemia. Initial conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was unremarkable, but diffusion-weighted imaging showed restricted diffusion in the cervical spinal cord. Follow-up MRI performed 3 days later showed development of findings on conventional images that confirmed the infarction.
Reaction of carbon black slurry agglomerates in combustion gases

The reaction of carbon black agglomerates, formed during the combustion of carbon fuels, is considered. A monodisperse stream of agglomerates (10–75 μm initial diameter) was observed in the post-flame region of a flat-flame burner yielding particle size, mass, temperature and velocity as a function time in the burner gases. The measurements were compared with a shrinking-sphere model of the process using two alternative reaction mechanisms (carbon reaction with O 2 and OH or with O 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O). Empirical transport enhancement and area/reactivity parameters were defined to allow for gas motion and reaction in agglomerate pores. Both mechanisms satisfactorily correlated the data using empirical parameters which were relatively independent of ambient conditions, particle size and extent of reaction.
The Dynamics of Intraurban Quantile House Price Indexes

Estimating price indexes for different quantiles shows how prices vary for homes that are in different stages of the filtering process. The paper describes a filtering model and its implication for the dynamic interaction of housing prices at these various stages. A time-series analysis of quantile price indexes for three municipalities near Chicago supports the predictions of the filtering model.
BUU dynamics of unbound spherical nuclei

Abstract Within the nuclear Boltzmann-Uhling-Uhlenbeck model, we investigate the dynamical evolution of spherical calcium and gold nuclei that have been agitated into unbound configurations by either compression or heating. Using a modified pseudo-particle method that preserves the spherical symmetry, we find that the conversion of the compressional energy into radial motion is only weakly dissipative and, remarkably, for a range of initial compressions between density doubling and tripling the nucleus expands to a quasi-stationary unstable bubble-like configuration. The same processes are also studied with the standard method of solution in which perfect symmetry is absent and it is shown that while the bubbles then clusterize into bound fragments, the qualitative character of the outcome is different and sensitive to the employed number of pseudo-particles per nucleon, a purely numerical parameter. Our studies suggest that for suitable initial compressions there exists a specific nuclear multifragmentation process in which the decompression leads to an unstable hollow configuration that subsequently clusterizes into massive fragments.
Noncompressible arteries correlate with increased cardiovascular mortality at 2 years.

Background The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a useful screening tool for the detection of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Using ABI measurements, patients can be stratified into different severities of arterial occlusive disease. Methods Four hundred forty-four Veterans Health Administration Medical Center patients were referred for PVD between 2004 and 2005. Of those, 231 patients had an ABI ≤0.90 or >1.2 with known treatment and follow-up obtained from electronic medical records. These individuals had bilateral ABI measurements and were observed for a median of 23 months (range, 4.0–60.0 months). Patients were divided into 4 ABI categories: severe (ABI ≤0.30; n = 62), moderate (ABI 0.30–≤0.60; n = 138), mild (ABI 0.60–≤0.90; n = 89), normal (ABI 0.90–≤1.2; n = 86), and noncompressible (ABI >1.2; n = 69). Results Mortality from cardiovascular disease in the severe, moderate, mild, normal, and noncompressible groups was 4.8%, 8.0%, 10.1%, 0%, and 21.7%, respectively, at the mean follow-up of 2 years. For all-cause mortality, the overall percent for each group respectively was 32.3%, 31.9%, 31.5%, 14%, and 42% ( P = 0.003). To our surprise, ABIs 1.2, indicating noncompressible arteries, correlated significantly with higher rates of mortality at a mean follow-up of 2 years (33.3%). Cardiovascular disease and amputation were also significantly higher in those with noncompressible arteries than in the other groups. Conclusions ABI is a noninvasive, inexpensive test that provides valuable information on a patient’s risk of death. We recommend that patients with noncompressible vessels undergo systemic cardiovascular work-up, including coronary and carotid artery evaluation.
Crohn’s disease: a two-year prospective study of the association between psychological distress and subsequent disease activity

Our objective was to explore the relationship between psychological distress and subsequent Crohn's disease (CD) activity. Eighteen CD patients were followed prospectively for 2 years at 8- to 12-week intervals. Disease activity was assessed using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Psychological distress was assessed using the following self-administered questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and multiple Holmes Recent Life Changes (RLC) Questionnaires. The effects of psychological distress on current and subsequent CDAI (approximately 8–12 weeks later) were assessed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The mean CDAI score during follow-up was 138 ± 86, with a median of 121 (range, 0 to 394). BDI scores (possible range of 0 to 63) were independently associated with CDAI scores simultaneously (β =5.64, P=0.004) and 8–12 weeks later (β =6.08, P=0.004). Higher levels of anxiety, hopelessness, and recent life changes were also suggestive of higher CDAI scores, however, their effects were generally of lesser magnitude and not independent of the influence of depressive symptoms. Levels of depressive symptoms are positively associated with future changes in CDAI. Routine psychological assessment may help to identify patients at higher risk for exacerbation.
Stereoelectronic Effects on the Nucleophilic Addition of Phosphite to the Carbonyl Double Bond: Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations on Reaction Surfaces and the α-Effect

Abstract Ah initio molecular orbital calculations have been carried out on adducts of trihydroxy phosphine, P(OH)3, and formaldehyde, H2C=0. Stationary points were located and a reaction surface calculated. One stationary point exists as a stable pentacovalent phosphorane, and the other as a 1,3-dipolar transition state. Calculations differing in the conformation about the P-OH bonds of the phosphite reveal that an antiperiplanar (app) lone pair on oxygen to the phosphorus lone pair (acyclic analogue) raises the energy of the molecule by 1.7 kcal/mol relative to a phosphite conformation with no app lone pairs to the phosphorus lone pair (bicyclic analogue). In the transition state, the relative energy between the two conformations reverses with the acyclic analogue transition state 5 kcal/mol lower energy than the bicyclic analogue transition states. The lower energy for the acyclic analogue in the transition state is attributed to the mixing of the app lone pairs on the oxygens of the phosphite mixing with the σ orbital of the newly formed bond between phosphorus and carbon. This kinetic Stereoelectronic effect can explain why acyclic phosphites react much faster in nucleophilic reactions than bicyclic phosphites. This phenomenon suggests that the origin of the α-effect, the enhanced nucleophilicity of a base possessing a heteroatom with an adjacent unshared electron pair arises from the stereoelectronic effect.
Metabolism of the polynuclear sulfur heterocycle benzo[b]phenanthro[2,3-d]thiophene by rodent liver microsomes: evidence for multiple pathways in the bioactivation of benzo[b]phenanthro[2,3-d]thiophene.

Benzo[b]phenanthro[2,3-d]thiophene (BPT), a thia analogue of dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant. We have examined the metabolism of BPT by rodent liver microsomes to investigate the mechanism by which BPT produces mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Both rat and mouse liver microsomes biotransformed [G-3H]BPT to various metabolites including BPT 3,4-diol and BPT sulfoxide, which are significantly more mutagenic than the parent compound. Liver microsomes from both control mice and rats metabolize BPT at similar rates. Treatment of mice with P450 inducers DBA, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), Aroclor 1254, and phenobarbital enhanced the rate of metabolism of BPT by 74-, 28-, 77-, and 6-fold, respectively. In comparison, the treatment of rats with DBA and 3-MC increased the rate of metabolism of BPT by 22- and 34-fold, respectively, suggesting that P450 enzymes responsible for the metabolism of BPT are enhanced to different extents in rats and mice by a similar class of compou...