cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating a climate conducive to planning

Abstract An improved climate for long-range planning, a better understanding of divergent viewpoints among planning participants and increased satisfaction with planning systems do not automatically occur with more experience in planning. Learning to cope with planning problems requires a continuing investment of management time and energy. Many of the companies included in this study were willing to make this investment—progress has been slow and more needs to be done. This article describes the lessons that mature systems companies have learned.
Do Confusing Information and Egocentric Instructions Influence Perception

In an investigation of psychological differentiation, Witkin's personality dimension, 12 field-dependent and 12 field-independent students were selected from a population of college men in summerschool based on their Embedded Figures Test scores. They were assigned to conditions, given egocentric or gravitational instructions, and provided clarified or obscuring feedback about their performance on the Rod and Frame Test. Although instructions had no effect, students with clarified feedback performed better than those whose feedback was confusing. Field-independent men had less difficulty with the confusing feedback than did field-dependent men.
Loading and recycling of synaptic vesicles in the Torpedo electric organ and the vertebrate neuromuscular junction

In vertebrate motor nerve terminals and in the electromotor nerve terminals of Torpedo there are two major pools of synaptic vesicles: readily releasable and reserve. The electromotor terminals differ in that the reserve vesicles are twice the diameter of the readily releasable vesicles. The vesicles contain high concentrations of ACh and ATP. Part of the ACh is brought into the vesicle by the vesicular ACh transporter, VAChT, which exchanges two protons for each ACh, but a fraction of the ACh seems to be accumulated by different, unexplored mechanisms. Most of the vesicles in the terminals do not exchange ACh or ATP with the axoplasm, although ACh and ATP are free in the vesicle interior. The VAChT is controlled by a multifaceted regulatory complex, which includes the proteoglycans that characterize the cholinergic vesicles. The drug (-)-vesamicol binds to a site on the complex and blocks ACh exchange. Only 10-20% of the vesicles are in the readily releasable pool, which therefore is turned over fairly rapidly by spontaneous quantal release. The turnover can be followed by the incorporation of false transmitters into the recycling vesicles, and by the rate of uptake of FM dyes, which have some selectivity for the two recycling pathways. The amount of ACh loaded into recycling vesicles in the readily releasable pool decreases during stimulation. The ACh content of the vesicles can be varied over eight-fold range without changing vesicle size.
Cultural meromixis: Effects of road salt on the chemical stratification of an urban kettle lake

Abstract Saline runoff from application of road salt deicers has the potential to create persistent density gradients in urban freshwater lakes, resulting in significant changes to physical mixing and biogeochemical cycling. In this study, the seasonal influence of road salt influx on the geochemical cycling of a small, urban kettle lake is examined. Water column samples were collected approximately twice per month for fifteen months and analyzed for temperature, pH, conductivity, major ions, nutrients and redox-sensitive solutes. The lake water column was redox-stratified with high concentrations of dissolved Mn(II), Fe(II), ammonium, phosphate and, during some periods, sulfide and methane in the hypolimnion. Bottom water anoxia was persistent throughout the entire sampling period. Concentrations of sodium and chloride, which correlated strongly with conductivity, were over a hundred times greater compared with levels in nearby rural lakes. Conductivity, chloride and calculated density profiles indicated the presence of a pycnocline at ~ 9 m depth that persisted throughout the sampling period. The chemical data demonstrate that road salt input has caused the lake to become meromictic, with a complete lack of fall and spring turnover.
Graphical amplitudes from SCET

Abstract We discuss the relationship between the graphical amplitudes T, C, P, … used to parameterize non-leptonic B decay amplitudes, and matrix elements of operators in the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) at leading order in Λ / m b . Using the SU(3) flavor symmetry of the weak Hamiltonian we derive all-order constraints on the Wilson coefficients of SCET operators.
FMRF-NH2-like peptide is deficient in the pituitary gland of the Brattleboro rat.

Abstract Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 (F-8-F-NH2), isolated from bovine brain, is an FMRF-NH2-like peptide with morphine-modulating activity. In the rat, F-8-F-NH2 immunoreactivity (IR) is highly localized in the neurohypophysis. In this study, F-8-F-NH2-IR was studied in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of an Arg8-vasopressin (AVP)-deficient animal, the Brattleboro (DI) rat, and the normal control Long-Evans (LE) strain. F-8-F-NH2-IR in the DI pituitary is below the level of detection in contrast to that in the LE ( 0.50±0.04 pmol/gland ). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels are increased two-fold in the DI pituitary while AVP levels are below detection. The content of F-8-F-NH2-IR in the hypothalami and spinal cords of DI and LE rats is not statistically different, suggesting that the absence of F-8-F-NH2-IR in the Brattleboro pituitary is not due to a genetic defect in F-8-F-NH2 biosynthesis. The results of this study raise the question whether AVP could be involved in the regulation of F-8-F-NH2 immunoreactivity in the neurohypophysis.
Development of an indexed integrated neuroradiology reports for teaching file creation

The decrease in reimbursement rates for radiology procedures has placed even more pressure on radiology departments to increase their clinical productivity. Clinical faculties have less time for teaching residents, but with the advent and prevalence of an electronic environment that includes PACS, RIS, and HIS, there is an opportunity to create electronic teaching files for fellows, residents, and medical students. Experienced clinicians, who select the most appropriate radiographic image, and clinical information relevant to that patient, create these teaching files. Important cases are selected based on the difficulty in determining the diagnosis or the manifestation of rare diseases. This manual process of teaching file creation is time consuming and may not be practical under the pressure of increased demands on the radiologist. It is the goal of this research to automate the process of teaching file creation by manually selecting key images and automatically extracting key sections from clinical reports and laboratories. The text report is then processed for indexing to two standard nomenclatures UMLS and RADLEX. Interesting teaching files can then be queried based on specific anatomy and findings found within the clinical reports.
A dynamic hysteresis model for thunder transducers

This paper summarizes a nonlinear technique for quantifying the displacements generated in THUNDER actuators in response to applied voltages for a variety of boundary conditions and exogenous loads. A PDE model is constructed using Newtonian principles to quantify the displacements in the actuator due to field inputs to the piezoceramic patch. A free energy based hysteretic stress-strain relation is employed to model the electromechanical coupling in the PZT. A finite element method and Crank-Nicholson scheme are developed to discretize the model; properties of the model are illustrated through comparison with experimental data.
High-dose escitalopram in the treatment of binge-eating disorder with obesity: a placebo-controlled monotherapy trial.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose escitalopram in the treatment of binge-eating disorder (BED) associated with obesity. Method Forty-four outpatients with BED by DSM-IV criteria and obesity were randomized to receive either escitalopram (N = 21) or placebo (N = 23) in a 12-week, double-blind, flexible dose (10–30 mg/day) study. Results In the primary analysis, escitalopram (mean dose 26.5 mg/day) and placebo had similar rates of reduction of binge episodes, binge days and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of BED. However, escitalopram was associated with statistically significant reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), and global severity of illness scores. In a secondary analysis, escitalopram was associated with statistically significant reductions in frequency of binge episodes and binge days, weight, BMI and severity of illness, but not in obsessive-compulsive symptoms of BED. No changes in metabolic variables, including measures of ghrelin and leptin, were observed. High-dose escitalopram was well tolerated. Conclusion High-dose escitalopram was not efficacious in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms of BED, but was efficacious in reducing weight and global severity of illness. No definitive conclusions about its efficacy in reducing binge-eating frequency could be drawn due to limitations related to statistical power. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IDENTIFYING EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE IN THE SCHOOL SETTING

Two instruments developed by Bower for early identification of emotional disturbance in schools were administered to 178 third-graders. Correlations were determined between scores from Bower measures and intelligence, achievement and adjustment measures. Significant relationships were found between several Bower scores and many criterion indexes with some sex differences in the pattern of these relationships.
The free surface on a liquid between cylinders rotating at different speeds part II

This paper is a further contribution to our work on the Weissenberg effect. One goal of our work is to show how the free-surface deformations on a viscoelastic fluid which is sheared between two concentric rotating cylinders can be used to determine rheological data about the fluid. In this paper we report the results of an experimental program in which free surface shapes have been measured on three viscoelastic fluids undergoing shearing in an apparatus consisting of a stationary outer cylinder and four interchangeable rotating inner cylinders. Experimentally-measured profiles are compared with profiles predicted from second-order theory, and found to be in excellent agreement for STP and TLA-227 in the range of applicability of the second-order theory, but there is some disagreement in the results for a 2% solution of polyacrylamide in 49% water −49% glycerin.
MLCD: overview of NASA's Mars laser communications demonstration system

NASA is presently overseeing a project to create the world's first free-space laser communications system that can be operated over a range much larger than the near-earth ranges that have been demonstrated to date.
Predicting Teacher Commitment Using Principal and Teacher Efficacy Variables: An HLM Approach

ABSTRACT The authors focused on public schools expected to meet performance goals before the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (2002) using data from the responses of 26,257 teachers and 6,711 principals to public school questionnaires from the 1999–2000 Schools and Staffing Survey. They examined relationships among measures of teacher commitment and teacher and principal efficacy beliefs. Principals’ efficacy to influence curriculum, standards, policy, and spending, as well as their engagement in the operation of the school, impacted teacher commitment directly or indirectly through (a) teacher efficacy to enlist administrator support or through (b) teachers’ collective efficacy beliefs. The value placed on a specific relationship would depend upon an individual's preferred form of teacher efficacy. Meeting performance goals did not affect teacher commitment. Implications for further research and practice are offered.
Relationships between impairment and physical disability as measured by the functional independence measure

This study was conducted to scale the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) with Rasch Analysis and to determine the similarity of scaled measures across impairment groups. The results show that the FIM contains two fundamental subsets of items: one measures motor and the second measures cognitive function. Rasch analysis of the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation patient sample yielded interval measures of motor and cognitive functions. The validity of the FIM was supported by the patterns of item difficulties across impairment groups. Adequate clinical precision of the FIM was demonstrated, though suggestions for improvement emerged. The frequency of misfit between patients and the performance scales varied across impairment groups, but was acceptable. The results of this project will enable clinicians and researchers to plan cost-effective treatment by providing a valid measure of disability.
Structural Change And Innovation In U.S. Telecommunications

This paper reexamines broadly. from the standpoint of innovation, the arguments for vertical integration in the U.S. telecommunications industry in light of structural change since the breakup of the Bell System. While basic and applied research became the casualty of the 1984 breakup and the 1995 AT&T split, there is no evidence that the pace of innovative activity and productivity has slowed. Evidence from R&D and patent data suggests some acceleration of innovative activity. However. the service segment of the industry ceased to be the center of technological innovation. The source of future innovation seems to lie in the telecommunications and Internet equipment firms and independent software firms. The emergence of the competitive stand-alone software industry, combined with a trend towards open operating systems and customer demand for greater flexibility, and growing substitution of technology alliances for in-house R&D appear to have undermined the case for vertical integration in the telecommunic...
A survey on wavelet applications in data mining

Recently there has been significant development in the use of wavelet methods in various data mining processes. However, there has been written no comprehensive survey available on the topic. The goal of this is paper to fill the void. First, the paper presents a high-level data-mining framework that reduces the overall process into smaller components. Then applications of wavelets for each component are reviewd. The paper concludes by discussing the impact of wavelets on data mining research and outlining potential future research directions and applications.
Backward-stimulated emission and nonreciprocity in optics.

Conditions for enhanced backward-stimulated emission are formulated for a thin layer of gain medium. A comparison is made between the enhanced backward-stimulated emission and the reflection from a dielectric film. A type of nonreciprocal reflective structure using a gain layer and a dielectric film is described. Such a device can be used to construct ring lasers with controllable unidirectional operation.
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with target gene chromatin

Stem cells are controlled, in part, by genetic pathways frequently dysregulated during human tumorigenesis. Either stimulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling or overexpression of telomerase is sufficient to activate quiescent epidermal stem cells in vivo, although the mechanisms by which telomerase exerts these effects are not understood. Here we show that telomerase directly modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling by serving as a cofactor in a beta-catenin transcriptional complex. The telomerase protein component TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) interacts with BRG1 (also called SMARCA4), a SWI/SNF-related chromatin remodelling protein, and activates Wnt-dependent reporters in cultured cells and in vivo. TERT serves an essential role in formation of the anterior-posterior axis in Xenopus laevis embryos, and this defect in Wnt signalling manifests as homeotic transformations in the vertebrae of Tert(-/-) mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of the endogenous TERT protein from mouse gastrointestinal tract shows that TERT physically occupies gene promoters of Wnt-dependent genes. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional modulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway.
Peak effect and its disappearance in YBCO superconducting crystals

Abstract The anomalous temperature dependence of vortex pinning, known as the peak effect, in a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.55 crystal is studied by an AC susceptibility technique. The peak effect is found to appear only at the intermediate field range. The onset of the peak effect in the H-T plane exhibits a reentrant behavior, reminiscent of the Nelson phase diagram for 3D vortex-lattice melting.
The measurement and computation of flood-discharge

The Geological Survey has been engaged for more than 50 years in measuring and publishing the discharge of streams of the United States. Measured discharges have ranged in quantity from a small fraction of a second-foot measured volumetrically to more than 2,000,000 second-feet measured by use of the current-meter equipment recently developed by the Survey and described by the writer in the April 1938 issue of Civil Engineering. In this work, systematic and generally complete records of discharge are being obtained at about 3700 gaging-stations maintained and operated by the United States Geological Survey. A typical structure at which records of river-stages are obtained is shown in Figure 1. A discharge-record at a gaging-station is usually derived from a record of stage by means of a curve or table showing the stage-discharge relation as determined by measurements of discharge distributed over the range of stage.
REDCap and Rural Health: An Opportunity to Enhance Collaborative Research and Rural Health Care Delivery

This paper describes the opportunities for promoting collaborative research and improving rural health care delivery by the implementation of REDCap software. In the era of advanced technologies, rapid development and dissemination of electronic health data may be possible. Health data are accessed by collaborating researchers in various academic disciplines through the Internet. Community-based approaches to health care delivery through the mobile health clinics may be integrated into the development and utilization of databases through REDCap to improve rural health. Multifunctional features of REDCap provide useful tools in various stages of health care delivery planning that support both research and operational endeavors. The authors will discuss potential usage of REDCap using an existing mobile health clinic in South Central Kentucky as a primary source of data, and describe how health data may be used in conjunction with REDCap with the goal of improving the health of rural communities in South Central Kentucky.
An adaptive approach to fast simulation of traffic groomed optical networks

In this paper, we consider the fast simulation of traffic groomed optical networks, in which multiple sub-rate traffic streams may be carried on the same wavelength. For real-sized systems, call blocking probabilities may be rare events and require a large amount of CPU power to simulate. We present two importance sampling methods for fast simulation. For a light-load case, we prove that static IS using the Standard Clock (S-ISSC) method does indeed have bounded relative error (BRE) even in multi-class case. For a non-light-load case, we suggest, alternatively, adaptive ISSC (A-ISSC) which calculates the relative possibility of reaching each target in every step of simulation. Using A-ISSC, biasing methods which are proven to be optimal or have bounded error can be extended to multi-dimensional cases while still retaining a very favorable performance.
The Center for Talented Youth talent search and academic programs

Through annual talent searches based on the model developed by Julian Stanley, the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth (CTY) seeks to identify, assess and recognize students with advanced academic abilities. CTY has also developed extensive programs and services to meet the needs of these students. Having grown steadily in response to students' needs since its inception, CTY now serves approximately 80,000 students each year through its talent search and various academic offerings. This article presents an overview of these programs and services.
Effects of Lure Dose on Efficacy of Pheromone Traps for Monitoring Argyrotaenia citrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in California Apple Orchards

This study tested lowering the lure dose of Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald) pheromone to improve the accuracy of the traps as indicators of larval density (and subsequent fruit damage) within coastal California apple orchards. Different doses of pheromone ranging from 1 to 0.001 mg were tested in commercial apple orchards in 1994 and 1995. Mean weekly trap catches were significantly higher in higher dose traps. However, the proportion of moths caught in higher dose traps versus lower dose traps remained fairly constant within each orchard, suggesting that lower dose traps were attracting moths from the same regional pool of moths as the higher dose traps. No statistically significant relationships were detected between average weekly moth catches using each of the 4 lure doses and A. citrana larval counts in 1995. These results suggest that lowering lure dose will not improve the accuracy of pheromone traps as predictors of A. citrana larval density. The lack of correlations between larval densities and male moth counts is discussed relative to the need to monitor female flight activity.
The solubility of copper sulfides under reducing conditions

Abstract The formation of copper thio-complexes in sulfide solutions has been recognized for many years, and the measured solubilities of certain copper sulfide minerals are attributed to these complexes. Attempts to model this system have proposed either copper(I) or copper(II) thio-complexes. These species have been incorporated into computer programs for generating stability diagrams for the copper–sulfur–water system in order to delineate the region where the reductive dissolution of copper sulfide minerals is likely. In this paper, it is proposed that the dissolution of copper from both ore bodies and sulfide tailings can be explained by the formation of the cupro-thio-complexes under anaerobic conditions. Stability diagrams are presented to depict the region and extent of the solubility. It is concluded that the stability diagrams involving copper(I) thio-complexes better represent the system.
An overview of the SeaWiFS project and strategies for producing a climate research quality global ocean bio-optical time series

Abstract The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project Office was formally initiated at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in 1990. Seven years later, the sensor was launched by Orbital Sciences Corporation under a data-buy contract to provide 5 years of science quality data for global ocean biogeochemistry research. To date, the SeaWiFS program has greatly exceeded the mission goals established over a decade ago in terms of data quality, data accessibility and usability, ocean community infrastructure development, cost efficiency, and community service. The SeaWiFS Project Office and its collaborators in the scientific community have made substantial contributions in the areas of satellite calibration, product validation, near-real time data access, field data collection, protocol development, in situ instrumentation technology, operational data system development, and desktop level-0 to level-3 processing software. One important aspect of the SeaWiFS program is the high level of science community cooperation and participation. This article summarizes the key activities and approaches the SeaWiFS Project Office pursued to define, achieve, and maintain the mission objectives. These achievements have enabled the user community to publish a large and growing volume of research such as those contributed to this special volume of Deep-Sea Research. Finally, some examples of major geophysical events (oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial) captured by SeaWiFS are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the sensor.
A 6 b 1.3 GSample/s A/D converter in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS

A 6-b Nyquist A/D converter (ADC) that converts at 1.3 GHz is reported. Using array averaging and a wideband track-and-hold, a 6-b flash ADC achieves better than 5.5 effective bits for input frequencies up to 630 MHz at 1 Gsample/s, and five effective bits for 650-MHz input at 1.3 Gsample/s. Peak INL and DNL are less than 0.35 LSB and 0.2 LSB, respectively. This ADC consumes about 500 mW from 3.3 V at 1Gsample/s. The chip occupies 0.8-mm/sup 2/ active area, fabricated in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS.
Pilot study of modified LMB-based therapy for children with ataxia–telangiectasia and advanced stage high grade mature B-cell malignancies

Children with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and cancer have a poorer prognosis due in part to increased treatment-related toxicity. We piloted a curative intent approach in five children with A-T who presented with advanced stage (III, n = 2; IV, n = 3) B-NHL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, n = 4; Burkitt leukemia, n = 1) using a modified LMB-based protocol. Two achieved sustained CCR (one, CCR at 6 years; one, pulmonary death after 3 years in CCR). Two died from toxicity during induction and 1 failed induction with progressive disease. Novel therapeutic approaches which overcome drug resistance and are less toxic are needed for children with A-T and B-NHL.
High-Q Slow-Wave Coplanar Transmission Lines on 0.35 $\mu$ m CMOS Process

In this letter, experimental results and trends for shielded coplanar waveguide transmission lines (S-CPW) implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology are provided. Because of the introduction of floating strips below the CPW transmission line, high effective dielectric permittivity and quality factor are obtained. Three different geometries of S-CPW transmission lines are characterized. For the best geometry, the measured effective dielectric permittivity reaches 48, leading to a very high slow-wave factor and high miniaturization. In addition, measurements demonstrate a quality factor ranging from 20 to 40 between 10 and 40 GHz, demonstrating state-of-the-art results for transmission lines realized in a low-cost CMOS standard technology.
Design Analysis of a 3-D, Ultra-High Performance, Scalable, Micro Convective Heat Sink With NPCM

The paper proposes a new design of a scalable, heat sink containing 3-D micro/nano network, utilizing liquid mixed with nano phase change materials (NPCM) and having a high surface-to-volume ratio geometry. The conceptual design is capable of reaching 105 W/cm3 using encapsulated nano-size phase change materials, which would result in an order of magnitude higher cooling capacity than typical microchannel heat sink of the same volume and same pumping power. It is also scalable to submicron range, resulting even higher cooling capacity. An analysis for a working model (10 × 10 × 1 mm) is presented utilizing energy conservation principle and uniform temperature and uniform heat flux boundary conditions. The average phase change heat transfer coefficient is obtained using the numerical model results. A process of micro electrochemical deposition to fabricate the target model is illustrated, and the issues associated with system-level applications are discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Design of high performance missile structures utilizing advanced composite material technologies

The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has demonstrated the ability to develop and utilize advanced composite material technologies for the design and fabrication of hypervelocity kinetic energy missiles for the next generation of Army air defense and anti-tank applications. Future kinetic energy missiles must be small, fast, lethal, and maneuverable, which requires the delivery vehicles to operate in a severe loading environment. Innovative designs and manufacturing techniques have been developed to provide an avenue for enhancing propulsion system performance while significantly reducing the missile size and mass requirements. Propulsion units with high strength-to-density ratio filament wound composite motorcases are stronger, stiffer, and more readily producible than their metallic counterparts; however, these structures are susceptible to manufacturing variability and are more easily damaged during handling and storage. This paper discusses the AMCOM motorcase fabrication approach and its applications as well as development efforts in the area of embedded sensor technology for in-process monitoring, structural characterization, damage detection, and service life monitoring of filament wound composite motorcases. The advanced composite material applications have enabled major improvements in system applications for hypervelocity missile concepts and integration to multiple lightweight launch platforms.
Rearrangements of the BCL-6 Gene in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Association With Diffuse Large-Cell Subtype

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (AIDS-NHL), a major source of morbidity and mortality among AIDS patients, are derived from B cells and can be classified into two main histologic categories, small noncleaved cell lymphoma (SNCCL) and diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL). DLCL includes two histologic subsets, ie, large noncleaved cell lymphoma (LNCCL) and large cell-immunoblastic plasmacytoid lymphoma (LC-IBPL). Several studies have shown that AIDS-SNCCL is associated with the clonal accumulation of multiple genetic lesions, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, activation of the c-MYC and RAS oncogenes, as well as inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene at variable frequencies. On the contrary, the molecular pathogenesis of AIDS-DLCL is largely obscure, because no genetic lesion other than EBV infection has been specifically identified in this group. In this study, we have tested a panel of 40 AIDS-NHL for structural alterations of BCL-6, a putative proto-oncogene that is frequently altered in DLCL in the immunocompetent host. Our results show that rearrangements of BCL-6 are present in 20% of AIDS-DLCL (5 of 24), including 2 of 8 LNCCL and 3 of 16 LC-IBPL, but in no case of AIDS-SNCCL. BCL-6 rearrangements were detected both in the presence and in the absence of EBV infection of the tumor clone, but in no case were associated with activation of c-MYC or mutations of p53. These data identify a novel genetic lesion in AIDS-DLCL and corroborate the notion that lymphomagenesis in AIDS follows two distinct molecular pathways that are associated with the development of histologically distinct types of AIDS-NHL.
Laser Photochemical Etching of GaP in KOH Aqueous Solutions

Gallium phosphide is an important III-V semiconductor material for fabricating strained layer superlattices and high-speed and high-temperature microelectronics. Etching of this compound semiconductor with conventional techniques presents problems which may be solved by photon-induced electro-chemistry. We have shown that rapid localized etching of n-GaP in KOH can be driven with the UV lines of an argon-ion laser. The level and type of doping and the laser intensity determine the etch rates, which are nearly 60 nm/sec at 3500 Wcm −2 for n-doped material.
The Impact of Team Revenues on MLB Salaries

We test which individual major league baseball (MLB) player characteristics, such as on-base and slugging percentages, predict a hitter's salary. We also consider whether some MLB teams pay more pe...
Neural correlation via random connections

A simple neural network is studied, which has sparse, random, plastic, excitatory connections and also feedback loops between sensory cells and correlator cells. Time is limited to several discrete instants, where firing is synchronous. For parameter values within biological ranges, the system exhibits a capacity for associative recall, with a controlled amount of extraneous firing, following Hebb-like synaptic changes.
A posteriori error estimation of approximate boundary fluxes

This paper describes the a posteriori estimation of the error in the flux of a finite element approximation on a piece of the boundary of the domain. The estimate is obtained via a generalized Green's function corresponding to the quantity of interest on the boundary. We investigate the effects of smoothing the data corresponding to the quantity of interest and explore the effective domain of dependence of the quantity. We relate this approach to previous work by M. F. Wheeler, G. F. Carey, I. Babuska et al., and M. Larson et al.
Family cohesion, family adaptability, and eating behaviors among college students

Do normative young people, who tend to eat compulsively or to diet restrictively, perceive their families as relatively enmeshed and rigid, i.e., resembling the “psychosomatic family” profile associated with clinical populations of bulimics and anorexics? To answer this question, 300 college students were surveyed with self-report inventories assessing eating behaviors and perceived family cohesion and adaptability. Perceptions of family behavior were NOT significantly related to dieting. Among females, compulsive eating was associated with families perceived to be relatively uncohesive. Among males, family variables accounted for a surprisingly large proportion (18%) of the variance in compulsive eating behaviors. Males who tended to eat compulsively perceived their families as relatively uncohesive and rigid, were relatively dissatisfied with their families, and had relatively cold relationships with each parent. In sum, data suggested that subjects who binged or dieted restrictively did NOT appear to share the family pattern associated with clinical eating disorders. Compulsive eating among females may have represented simply a response to environmental stress, while among males it may have reflected pervasive inadequacies perceived in intrafamily relationships.
Predator Vocalizations Alter Parental Return Time at Nests of the Hooded Warbler

Abstract. A growing body of evidence indicates that vocalizations of predators and perceived risk of predation can significantly alter avian nesting behavior and reproductive performance. However, it is currently unclear whether birds acoustically discriminate among different types of predators and adjust their short-term behavioral responses accordingly. We investigated this issue via playback experiments in which nests of the Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina) were exposed to vocalizations of two nest predators, the Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) and Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus), and a dangerous predator of adults and nestlings, Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii). We used songs of a common nonpredatory passerine, the Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), as a control. In comparison to responses observed during control trials, adult Hooded Warblers delayed their return to the nest following playback of Cooper's Hawk but returned more quickly after playback of the Eastern Chipmunk, probably because Coop...
A generalization of Green's one-step-late algorithm for penalized ML reconstruction of PET images

Green's one-step-late (OSL) algorithm is gaining importance as an algorithm for the motion-compensated reconstruction of cardiac images. However, the original OSL algorithm does not converge, so various modifications have been made to mitigate this problem. In this paper we propose and test a modification of the OSL algorithm. The algorithm includes a new line search method which (unlike a previous method), results in a convergent sequence of positive iterates without any conditions on the size of the penalty parameter. Our simulations indicate that algorithm used to determine the step size in the line search has a significant effect on the speed of convergence of the new algorithm. Two line search algorithms are tested: an exact line search based on the bisection algorithm and an inexact search using Armijo's rule. Our simulations showed that the OSL algorithm using the Armijo line search method converged in 25% of the time required for the algorithm based on the bisection method.
Mind perception: real but not artificial faces sustain neural activity beyond the N170/VPP.

Faces are visual objects that hold special significance as the icons of other minds. Previous researchers using event-related potentials (ERPs) have found that faces are uniquely associated with an increased N170/vertex positive potential (VPP) and a more sustained frontal positivity. Here, we examined the processing of faces as objects vs. faces as cues to minds by contrasting images of faces possessing minds (human faces), faces lacking minds (doll faces), and non-face objects (i.e., clocks). Although both doll and human faces were associated with an increased N170/VPP from 175–200 ms following stimulus onset, only human faces were associated with a sustained positivity beyond 400 ms. Our data suggest that the N170/VPP reflects the object-based processing of faces, whether of dolls or humans; on the other hand, the later positivity appears to uniquely index the processing of human faces—which are more salient and convey information about identity and the presence of other minds.
Rock Remover Design for an Amadas Combine1

Abstract Peanuts are harvested with various amounts and types of foreign materials that must be removed during post-harvest processing for consumer acceptance of peanut products. To assist in rock removal during harvest, a modification to the pneumatic conveyor system used to transport peanuts from underneath a standard Amadas combine to the holding bin was designed. The design utilizes air flow patterns and cavitations following an elbow in the duct system and consists of a properly sized and spaced opening in one component of the conveyor system. A stationary pneumatic conveyor system with a controllable peanut delivery apparatus was utilized in developing the duct modification. After preliminary testing during development, the efficiency of the duct modification rock removal was evaluated with three lots of peanuts averaging 0.45 t containing an average 371 rocks (3.2% of sample mass). Peanuts were conveyed through the duct system at an average flow rate of 3.9 t/hr. An average of 30 rocks comprising 4...
Embezzlement In The Library

This paper examines the unique aspects of fraudulent acts committed among non-profit organizations. By analyzing a specific non-profit fraud committed in a small East Texas town.
Complex Dynamics in Physiological Control Systems

This chapter examines in greater detail some of the possible mechanisms through which complex dynamics can arise. It highlights a number of control mechanisms that can give rise to the spontaneous variability that is so much a trademark of physiological signals. Nonlinear component properties and delays in the transmission of feedback information provide a potent source of periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic behavior. There are several oscillatory components in the body, and the interactions among these oscillators as well as the effect of external rhythms, such as the environmental light, can produce complex and unexpected consequences. Moreover, most physiological parameters are time‐varying. The chapter shows that a variety of factors, such as mixed feedback, time delays, nonlinear coupling, and time‐varying properties, can contribute to the complex dynamical behavior of physiological control systems. It also examines the dynamics that can result from a simple model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Papillary Recurrence of Bladder Cancer at First Evaluation after Induction Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy: Implication for Clinical Trial Design

Abstract Background Recurrence with papillary tumor(s) by 3-mo after induction bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is historically believed to be a poor prognostic indicator in patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, the impact of a clinical Ta (cTa) papillary recurrence at 3 mo after BCG is often debated. Objective To evaluate the prognostic implications of cTa papillary recurrence found 3 mo after induction BCG therapy and to evaluate its significance in clinical trial design. Design, setting, and participants We reviewed our database of 917 patients who underwent transurethral resection and induction of BCG from 1995 to 2012. Clinical characteristics were compared between 3-mo recurrence stages. Intervention Transurethral resection of bladder tumor and intravesical therapy. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Chi-square analysis and Student t test were used to compare clinical characteristics between 3-mo recurrence stages. Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine bladder-preservation time, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival. Results and limitations We identified 84 patients who met the study criteria (66 patients with cTa and 18 patients with clinical T1 [cT1]). The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 74 mo. Of the patients with cTa recurrence, 60 continued with bladder-sparing therapy. Patients with a high-grade cTa recurrence who continued bladder-sparing therapy had a 17% incidence of disease progression and a 62% incidence of recurrence within 1 yr. No patients with low-grade cTa recurrence ( n =13) developed disease progression or underwent radical cystectomy. Patients with an initial cTa at diagnosis had a higher 5-yr bladder preservation rate than those with an initial cT1 diagnosis (84% vs 61%; p =0.041). Patients with high-grade cTa recurrence and those with cT1 recurrence had similar outcomes with respect to death rates over the entire follow-up period (11% and 15%, respectively), as well as 5-yr progression-free survival (77% vs 83%). Limitations include using a single institution and a retrospective review. Conclusions Patients with low-grade cTa papillary recurrence 3 mo after induction of BCG can safely continue with bladder-sparing therapy. Patients with high-grade cTa papillary recurrence at that time have risks of recurrence and progression similar to those of patients with cT1 recurrence. These are important factors to consider during clinical trial design. Patient summary Low-grade clinical Ta papillary recurrence following induction of bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy can be safely managed conservatively, although a high-grade clinical Ta recurrence should be treated similar to a clinical T1 recurrence due to its comparable progression rates.
Unrecordable Video

Proposed in this paper is a scheme to modify NTSC video signals to render the signal unrecordable by video recorders, yet viewable on standard television displays. This method is based on continually varying timing characteristics in the transmitted video signal. Protection of copywrited broadcast material from casual consumer or illicit professional recording would be possible with this implementation. A means of neutralizing this protection scheme would require extensive signal buffering and analysis hardware currently beyond the reach of nearly all unauthorized parties.
Energy flow dynamics within cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4-dicarboximide dimer models of π-aggregates.

Robust perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI) π-aggregates provide important light-harvesting and electron–hole pair generation advantages in organic photovoltaics and related applications, but relatively few studies have focused on the electronic interactions between PMI chromophores. In contrast, structure–function relationships based on π–π stacking in the related perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximides) (PDIs) have been widely investigated. The performance of both PMI and PDI derivatives in organic devices may be limited by the formation of low-energy excimer trap states in morphologies where interchromophore coupling is strong. Here, five covalently bound PMI dimers with varying degrees of electronic interaction were studied to probe the relative chromophore orientations that lead to excimer energy trap states. Femtosecond near-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy was used to observe the growth of a low-energy transition at ∼1450–1520 nm characteristic of the excimer state in these covalent dimers. The ...
Field-Mortality Studies of the Immature Stages of the Horn Fly in Missouri

Field mortality of Haematobia irritans (L.) from egg to pupa was investigated for 3 years in Missouri. During 1968, most of the mortality occurred during the 1st day but also was substantial during the 2–3 and the 4–7 day time periods. Total mortality was 97.7%. In 1969, no significant difference in survival of horn flies at 2 beef farms was observed (95.85 mortality vs. 96.62%). The most important predators in 1970 were coleopterans of the families Staphylinidae, Hydrophilidae, and Histeridae. Mortality in 1970 was 92.59%.
Optimization of Low Jet-to-Target Spacing Ratio for Double Wall Impingement Cooling Applications

Double wall cooling is a very effective technique for increasing heat transfer in hot gas path components utilizing a narrow channel near the surface of the component. Multiple techniques including the use of impingement jets, turbulators and microchannels have been studied so far. The focus of these researches had been limited to jet-to-wall spacing ratio (H/D) greater than one. Experimental studies were conducted to understand thermal behavior of impinging jets under the conditions of low jet holes-to-target plate spacing (H/D<1). Effects of selected parameters were examined to understand heat transfer behavior and. The parameters studied include jet-to-wall spacing (H/D) and Reynolds number and jet array configuration: staggered and inline. Irrespective of the Reynolds number and jet array configuration, the lowest jet-to-target spacing (H/D = 0.125) resulted in higher heat transfer coefficient when compared with the baseline case (H/D = 1).
A Texas Takings Trap: How the Court in Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Bragg Fell into a Dangerous Pitfall of Takings Jurisprudence

In Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Bragg, the Court of Appeals of Texas, San Antonio held that the Edwards Aquifer Authority’s water well permitting plan amounted to a compensable taking of a pecan farmer’s private property. The court determined that the water regulation was so onerous that it was analogous to physical seizure of property by eminent domain. In its analysis, however, the court fatally misapplied the multi-part Penn Central test. The court implicitly framed the four Penn Central factors as elements instead of utilizing a more appropriate holistic balancing test. Framing the test in such a way improperly stacks the deck in favor of the private interest. If other courts adopt the Bragg version of the Penn Central test, “regulatory takings” will expand beyond their reasonable bounds as a cause of action and disastrously undermine states’ ability to implement environmental regulation.
Distribution of Nodal Metastases in Nonseminomatous Testis Cancer

AbstractThe distribution of 104 consecutive stage II (or B) nonseminomatous germinal cell testis tumor deposits in the retroperitoneal space has been analyzed and segregated into 11 anatomic zones of spread: 1) right para-caval, 2) right pre-caval, 3) inter aortocaval, 4) left pre-aortic, 5) left paraaortic, 6) right (renal) suprahilar, 7) left suprahilar, 8) right iliac, 9) left iliac, 10) inter iliac (pre-lumbosacral) and 11) gonadal vein. Each patient had no treatment after orchiectomy and before retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, that is no preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy, which may have influenced histologic analysis. Each patient had an extended bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, including both suprahilar zones. Tumor deposits in these 11 nodal zones were correlated with the side of the primary lesion (right versus left side) and the extent of metastatic disease (B1, B2 or B3).The inter aortocaval zone, just below the left renal vein, is the most common site of tumor depo...