cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using semantic templates to study vulnerabilities recorded in large software repositories

Software repositories are rich sources of information about vulnerabilities that occur during a product's lifecycle. Although available, such information is scattered across numerous databases. Furthermore, in large software repositories, a single vulnerability may span across multiple components and have multidimensional interactions with other vulnerabilities. Thus, identifying the patterns of vulnerability occurrence in a larger context of software development continues to be an open problem. Here we present findings from our study of vulnerable software components using an ontology-guided analysis of vulnerabilities recorded in a software project's code repository. In this approach, a semantic template for each type of vulnerability is created from information in the Common Weakness Enumeration dictionary. Next, known vulnerabilities and related concepts in the repository are tagged with concepts from the template. Based on the characteristics of the resources affected by these vulnerabilities, other similar resources in the software can be identified for closer inspection and verification. We present results from our study of vulnerabilities in the Apache web server.
Pertussis toxin specifically inhibits growth cone guidance by a mechanism independent of direct G protein inactivation

An assay employing patterned laminin substrata was used to screen for compounds that disrupt neurite guidance. One molecule, pertussis toxin, caused neurites to wander from patterns that normally guided them, yet had no significant effect on rates of neurite outgrowth. Wandering was greatest on patterns requiring frequent guidance (e.g., laminin stripes with periodic gaps). Surprisingly, the B oligomer of pertussis toxin, which lacks the subunit that inactivates G proteins, was equipotent at disrupting neurite guidance. Pertussis toxin probably acts by binding cell surface carbohydrates, since neurites lacking complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides were insensitive to the effects of the toxin. The B oligomer also blocked growth cone collapse induced by a brain membrane-derived factor; such factors are thought to act as repulsive guidance cues in vivo. That a single reagent can inhibit neuronal responses to both attractive and repulsive guidance cues suggests that such cues may share signaling pathways.
Student Behavior and Participation in Outdoor Education Programs

(1974). Student Behavior and Participation in Outdoor Education Programs. The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 7-15.
Algebraic multilevel preconditioning methods, II

A recursive way of constructing preconditioning matrices for the stiffness matrix in the discretization of selfadjoint second order elliptic boundary value problems is proposed. It is based on a sequence of nested finite element spaces with the usual nodal basis functions. Using a nodeordering corresponding to the nested meshes, the finite element stiffness matrix is recursively split up into two-level block structures and is factored approximately in such a way that any successive Schur complement is replaced (approximated) by a matrix defined recursively and thereform only implicitely given. To solve a system with this matrix we need to perform a fixed number (v) of iterations on the preceding level using as an iteration matrix the preconditioning matrix already defined on that level. It is shown that by a proper choice of iteration parameters it suffices to use\(v > \left( {1 - \gamma ^2 } \right)^{ - \tfrac{1}{2}} \) iterations for the so constructedv-foldV-cycle (wherev=2 corresponds to aW-cycle) preconditioning matrices to be spectrally equivalent to the stiffness matrix. The conditions involve only the constant λ in the strengthened C.-B.-S. inequality for the corresponding two-level hierarchical basis function spaces and are therefore independent of the regularity of the solution for instance. If we use successive uniform refinements of the meshes the method is of optimal order of computational complexity, if\(\gamma ^2< \tfrac{8}{9}\). Under reasonable assumptions of the finite element mesh, the condition numbers turn out to be so small that there are in practice few reasons to use an accelerated iterative method like the conjugate gradient method, for instance.
Simultaneous orientation and cellular force measurements in adult cardiac myocytes using three‐dimensional polymeric microstructures

A number of techniques have been developed to monitor contractile function in isolated cardiac myocytes. While invaluable observations have been gained from these methodologies in understanding the contractile processes of the heart, they are invariably limited by their in vitro conditions. The present challenge is to develop innovative assays to mimic the in vivo milieu so as to allow a more physiological assessment of cardiac myocyte contractile forces. Here we demonstrate the use of a silicone elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), to simultaneously orient adult cardiac myocytes in primary culture and measure the cellular forces in a three-dimensional substrate. The realignment of adult cardiac myocytes in long-term culture (7 days) was achieved due to directional reassembly of the myofibrils along the parallel polymeric sidewalls. The cellular mechanical forces were recorded in situ by observing the deformation of the micropillars embedded in the substrate. By coupling the cellular mechanical force measurements with on-chip cell orientation, this novel assay is expected to provide a means of a more physiological assessment of single cardiac myocyte contractile function and may facilitate the future development of in vitro assembled functional cardiac tissue.
Measurement of the electrokinetic properties of vaccinia and reovirus by laser-illuminated whole-particle microelectrophoresis.

Abstract The electrokinetics of vaccinia virus and reovirus type 3 were studied in dilute electrolyte solutions by whole-particle microelectrophoresis with dark-field laser illumination. The electrophoretic mobilities were dependent upon pH and electrolyte composition. The isoelectric point of vaccinia virus in dilute NaCl was 4.8 ± 0.1; that of reovirus was 3.8 ± 0.1. The mobility of reovirus was −2.65 ± 0.30 μm · s −1 · V −1 · cm −1 . Treatments known to cause irreversible changes in the structure of vaccinia, such as heating to 90°C or exposure to pH 10, altered the virus's mobility under the reference conditions. The practical range of whole-particle microelectrophoresis thus extends to microorganisms as small as reovirus, allowing their electrokinetic and related surface properties to be studied.
Videotypes: considerations for effective use of video in teaching and training

The power of television in modern society is beyond dispute. The ability of television and video to captivate an audience and create maximum impact can easily be harnessed for training and teaching. Instructors will find that video ‐ when used properly ‐ will enhance virtually any presentation. Video in training and teaching must be used carefully and considerable thought and preparation is needed. This paper presents ideas and information on different types of video material, including their sources and most effective use. It concludes with notes on copyright to help ensure your presentation is both successful and legal.
Response of the adult newt ventricle to injury

A study was made of the response of adult newt ventricle to injury. The major events in the repair process after wounding involve blood clot formation, coagulation necrosis, macrophagic activity, regenerative activity of heart muscle, and connective tissue formation. Light microscopic autoradiography indicated that there was a definite area of labeled cells in trabeculae adjacent to the wound, beginning at about ten days after injury. Electron microscopic autoradiography confirmed that myocytes containing myofibrillae underwent DNA synthesis. It was concluded that adult newt myocardium is capable of reacting to injury by the proliferation of myocytes at the wound area as indicated by both DNA synthesis and mitosis.
An inexpensive, selective procedure for oxidizing α-methyl to α-formyl pyrroles pavel bobal

α-Methylpyrroles are converted to α-formyl by sodium bromate in aqueous methanol in ∼60% yield. Adding 1% ceric ammonium nitrate as a co-oxidant brings the isolated yields of synthetically useful 2-formylpyrroles 2a-d up to ∼70%, or close to those found when using only the considerably more expensive ceric ammonium nitrate as oxidant.
Observed and modeled directional change in riparian forest composition at a cutbank edge

Lateral migrations of river meanders create transient, spatially transgressive edges where the advancing cutbank edge encroaches upon interior floodplain forest communities. This spatial movement of edge toward the forest interior should initiate directional changes in species composition within a forest plot as it is affected by a changing microclimate and hydrological regime. We found that cutbank edge and forest interior sites in an Iowa floodplain contained markedly different plant assemblages. Species commonly associated with later stages of succession dominated interior sites while cutbank edge sites favored secondary, successional species. Assuming that the cutbank edge sites once contained vegetation similar to that surveyed in the floodplain interior, the observed changes in community structure accompanying channel migration are suggestive of retrograde succession, or retrogression. To link cutbank erosional processes with retrogressional processes, we modified a computer simulation model already in use for floodplain environments. We incorporated the changing edge effects and compared model projections with the data collected from the field sites using detrended correspondence analysis. Without changes, the simulation projected a site compositionally similar to the sampled interior forest. When the changes were initiated, the simulated site progressively took on compositional characteristics similar to the riparian edge sites. Because we included only those forcing functions that would be initiated by cutbank erosion, the model supports the hypothesis that the spatially progressive edge effect results in a directional change in forest community composition analogous to retrogression. Our results demonstrate an interesting linkage between successional and fluvial-geomorphic processes and indicate that site dynamics may be controlled differently in landscapes where sites are progressively created and destroyed than where recurrent disturbances affect the same site.
Chilled (5°C) and Frozen (−18°C) Storage Stability of the Purple-Hinge Rock Scallop, Hinnites multirugosus Gale

Purple-hinge rock scallops (Hinnites multirugosus), native to northeast Pacific Coast waters and under evaluation for commercial aquaculture, were harvested wild and analyzed for storage stability. Over 2 wk of chilled storage at 5°C or 5 months of frozen storage at −18°C, scallops showed no appreciable lipid oxidation, proteolytic change, and ammonia development. Hypoxanthine fluctuated throughout fresh storage. Bacterial numbers were unchanged at −18°C but sharply increased during the second week at 5°C. Odor of raw scallops deteriorated somewhat at week 2 of chilled storage and month 4 of frozen storage. However, when cooked, scallops showed no significant differences for most sensory characteristics or for acceptability. Cooking losses were variable. Textural shear parameters changed with weight and frozen storage.
NMR evidence for slow collective motions in cyanometmyoglobin.

Residual dipolar couplings observed in NMR spectra at very high magnetic fields have been measured to a high degree of accuracy for the paramagnetic protein cyanometmyoglobin. Deviations of these measurements from predictions based on available crystallographic and solution structures are largely systematic and well correlated within a given helix of this highly α-helical protein. These observations can be explained by invoking collective motion and small displacements of representative helices from their reported average positions in the solid state. Thus, the measurements appear to be capable of providing important insights into slower, collective protein motions, which are likely to be important for function, and which have been difficult to study using established experimental techniques.
Centenarians who avoid dementia.

Some researchers and many in the lay public believe the ageist myth that the older you get the sicker you get. If this were true, it would follow that most if not all centenarians should have Alzheimer's disease. Numerous centenarian studies disprove this assumption given that a small percentage (∼15–25%) of centenarians are functionally cognitively intact. Among those who are not cognitively intact at 100, ∼90% delayed the onset of clinically evident impairment at least until an average age of 92 years. Neuropsychological and neuropathological correlations thus far suggest that there are centenarians who demonstrate no evidence of neurodegenerative disease. There also appear to be centenarians who, despite the substantial presence of neuropathological markers of Alzheimer's disease, do not meet clinical criteria for having dementia, thus suggesting the existence of cognitive reserve. Centenarians are therefore of scientific interest as a human model of relative resistance to dementia.
Women of Courage: A Personal Account of a Wilderness-Based Experiential Group for Survivors of Abuse

Adventure-based therapy has grown in both scope and popularity. These groups are frequently utilized in the treatment of adolescents with behavioral or substance abuse issues. Less evident is the use of this modality with other populations. Described here is a personal account of the author's participation in a wilderness-based group for women. Women of Courage is a course designed by Outward Bound specifically for women who self-describe as survivors of abuse. The program includes either a backpacking or canoeing component, a solo camping experience, and the opportunity to rock climb.
Multi-scale modeling of Puget Sound using an unstructured-grid coastal ocean model: from tide flats to estuaries and coastal waters

Water circulation in Puget Sound, a large complex estuary system in the Pacific Northwest coastal ocean of the United States, is governed by multiple spatially and temporally varying forcings from tides, atmosphere (wind, heating/cooling, precipitation/evaporation, pressure), and river inflows. In addition, the hydrodynamic response is affected strongly by geomorphic features, such as fjord-like bathymetry and complex shoreline features, resulting in many distinguishing characteristics in its main and sub-basins. To better understand the details of circulation features in Puget Sound and to assist with proposed nearshore restoration actions for improving water quality and the ecological health of Puget Sound, a high-resolution (around 50 m in estuaries and tide flats) hydrodynamic model for the entire Puget Sound was needed. Here, a three-dimensional circulation model of Puget Sound using an unstructured-grid finite volume coastal ocean model is presented. The model was constructed with sufficient resolution in the nearshore region to address the complex coastline, multi-tidal channels, and tide flats. Model open boundaries were extended to the entrance of the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the northern end of the Strait of Georgia to account for the influences of ocean water intrusion from the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Fraser River plume from the Strait of Georgia, respectively. Comparisons of model results, observed data, and associated error statistics for tidal elevation, velocity, temperature, and salinity indicate that the model is capable of simulating the general circulation patterns on the scale of a large estuarine system as well as detailed hydrodynamics in the nearshore tide flats. Tidal characteristics, temperature/salinity stratification, mean circulation, and river plumes in estuaries with tide flats are discussed.
Constraining hadronic superfluidity with neutron star precession.

I show that the standard picture of the neutron star core containing coexisting neutron and proton superfluids, with the proton component forming a type II superconductor threaded by flux tubes, is inconsistent with observations of long-period ($\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\mathrm{y}\mathrm{r}$) precession in isolated pulsars. I conclude that either the two superfluids coexist nowhere in the stellar core, or the core is a type I superconductor rather than type II. Either possibility would have interesting implications for neutron star cooling and theories of spin jumps (glitches).
Agents which inhibit reverse transcriptases.

Abstract In this brief review, we will begin by outlining a plausible rationale for the development of inhibitors of the DNA polymerases of RNA tumor viruses (reverse transciptases). Then, rather than exhaustively describing all agents which have been shown to inhibit these enzymes, we will present a classification of these inhibitors based on the biochemical properties of the enzymes and the mechanism of action of the inhibitors, offer a critique of existing inhibitors, and suggest directions for future research.
Predictive medicine. XII. The oral cavity.

: The state of the oral cavity affects general health, and vice versa. Nevertheless, rarely, if ever, are the oral tissues considered in multiple testing programs. Predictive medicine programs differ, in that they include signs and symptoms referable to the oral cavity. Representative data indicate, for example, that alveolar bone loss proceeds at a much slower rate in persons with good oral hygiene and efficient carbohydrate metabolism.
A multi-scale framework for multi-phase equilibrium flash

Abstract A general multi-scale framework for multi-component, multi-phase equilibrium flash calculations, which uses information at the molecular and bulk fluid length scales, is described. The multi-scale Gibbs–Helmholtz constrained (GHC) EOS approach of Lucia (2010) is extended to include the use of (1) coarse grained NTP Monte Carlo simulations to gather pure component internal energies of departure, (2) a new linear mixing rule for internal energies of departure for mixtures, (3) a novel expression for partial fugacity coefficients for the GHC EOS, and (4) a novel flash algorithm that uses complex-valued compressibility factors and densities to assist in phase existence determination. Many numerical results for mixtures of CO2–water, NaCl–water, and CO2–NaCl–water are used to show that the GHC EOS flash approach is superior to all other approaches currently available. Many geometric illustrations are presented to elucidate key concepts and many experimental validations are used to substantiate claims of superiority.
Using Network Traffic to Infer Hardware State: A Kernel-Level Investigation

In this article, we illustrate that the boundary of a general-purpose node can be extended into the network by extracting information from network traffic generated by that general-purpose node to infer the state of its hardware components. This information is represented in a delay signature latent within the network traffic. In contrast, the traditional approach to determine the internal state of a node’s resources meant that a software application with internal processes had to be resident on the node. The aforementioned delay signature is the keystone that provides a correlation between network traffic and the internal state of the source node. We characterize this delay signature by (1) identifying the different types of assembly language instructions that source this delay and (2) describing how architectural techniques, such as instruction pipelining and caching, give rise to this delay signature. In theory, highly utilized nodes (due to multiple threads) will contain excessive context switching and contention for shared resources. One important shared resource is main memory, and excessive use of this resource by applications and internal processes eventually leads to a decrease in cache efficiency that eventually stalls the instruction pipeline. Our results support this theory; specifically, we have observed that excessive context switching in active applications increases the effective memory access time and wastes precious CPU cycles, thus adding additional delay to the execution of load, store, and other instructions. Because the operating system (OS) kernel accesses memory to send network packets, the delay signature is induced into network traffic in situations where user-level utilization is high. We demonstrate this theory in two case studies: (1) resource discovery in cluster grids and (2) network-based detection of bitcoin mining on compromised nodes.
Inactivation of the prophage lambda repressor without induction.

The DNA-RNA hybridization technique was used to demonstrate that the repressor of prophage λ greatly inhibits the rate of transcription of both the prophage and superinfecting λ genomes in Escherichia coli (λ). The repressor of the prophage λ c I,tl mutant, but not that of λ + , was inactivated at 45°C, thereby permitting a 40-fold increase in the rate of synthesis of λ messenger RNA. Since de-repression occurred in the absence of protein synthesis, at least part of the λ genome can be transcribed by the E. coli RNA polymerase. Heat inactivation of the λ c I,tl repressor was a necessary, but not a sufficient cause for the eventual killing (induction) of the lysogenic cell. Induction of cells carrying this mutant prophage also required the synthesis of protein while at the elevated temperature. Since other c I mutants of λ can be induced by exposure to the elevated temperature even in the absence of protein synthesis, it is postulated that the necessary “inducing protein” is always present in the lysogenic cell as an integral part of the λ repressor. Depending then on the site of the c I mutation, the inducing protein may or may not become activated upon thermal inactivation of the repressor. Following inactivation of the c I,tl repressor at 45°C, its renewed synthesis at 37°C was shown to be inhibited by chloramphenicol. It is therefore concluded that this repressor is, at least in part, a protein.
He ion irradiation damage in Fe/W nanolayer films

abstract We report on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe/W multilayers subjected tohelium ion irradiations. Sputtered Fe/W multilayers with individual layer thickness, varying from 1 to200 nm, were subjected to He + ion irradiation with a peak displacement per atom value of 6 at ambienttemperatures. Helium bubbles, 1–2 nm in diameter, were observed in Fe and W, and more so along layerinterfaces. The magnitude of hardness variation after radiation depends on the individual layer thickness.Radiation hardening is observed in specimens with individual layer thickness of P5 nm. At smaller layerthickness, the hardness barely changes. Analysis indicates that radiation hardening may originate mainlyfrom dislocation loops and partially from He bubbles. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionHigh energy helium (He) ion irradiation of metals generates alarge number of defects, including vacancies and interstitials, Hebubbles and dislocation loops [1–3]. Radiation typically degradesthe mechanical properties of metals, most notably an increase inyield strength, and signiﬁcant loss of ductility (embrittlement)[4]. Radiation induced defects in metals are of great interest, be-cause these defects determine the performance of irradiated mate-rials in nuclear reactor environment. He bubbles and dislocationloops are two major types of radiation induced defects. The solidsolubility of He in metals is very low [5]. Thus, at relatively lowconcentrations of implanted He, it is easy to form He-vacancy clus-ters, which act as the nucleus for He bubble formation [6]. Oncenucleated, in order to maintain a mechanical equilibrium betweentheir internal pressure and the sintering stress, 2
Ab Initio Rate Constants for Unimolecular Reactions: Eliminations of HX from CH3CH2X and DX from CD3CD2X (X = Cl, Br)

Usefully accurate rate constant data are calculated ab initio for the four titled unimolecular reactions. The issue of what levels of electronic structure theory are necessary to obtain near quantitative agreement with the observed rate constants is explored. In particular, wave function-based energy barriers, extrapolated to the approximate complete basis set limit, are needed. DFT-based methods significantly underestimate the barrier heights. Considering the various sources of theoretical error, the classical 1,2 HX elimination barriers are 62.7 ′ 0.4 kcal/mol for chloroethane and 60.7 ′ 0.6 kcal/mol for bromoethane. 1,1 HX elimination is a barrierless process yielding products higher in energy than the CX bond dissociation products.
High relaxivity trimetallic nitride (Gd3N) metallofullerene MRI contrast agents with optimized functionality.

Water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized and hydroxylated endohedral trimetallic nitride metallofullerene derivatives, Gd3N@C80[DiPEG(OH)x], have been synthesized and characterized. The 1H MRI relaxivities in aqueous solution were measured for the derivatives with four different molecular weights of PEG (350−5000 Da) at 0.35, 2.4, and 9.4 T. The 350/750 Da PEG derivatives have the highest relaxivities among the derivatives, 237/232 mM−1 s−1 for r1 and 460/398 mM−1 s−1 for r2 (79/77 mM−1 s−1 and 153/133 mM−1 s−1 based on Gd3+ ion), respectively, at a clinical-range magnetic field of 2.4 T. These represent some of the highest relaxivities reported for commercial or investigational MRI contrast agents. Dynamic light scattering results confirm a larger average size for 350/750 Da PEGs derivatives (95/96 nm) relative to longer chain length derivatives, 5000 Da PEG derivatives (37 nm). Direct infusion of the optimized 350 Da PEG derivatives into live tumor-bearing rat brains demonstrated an init...
Peritumoral steatosis associated with insulinomas: appearance at imaging

We report three patients with insulinoma tumors and distinct peritumoral steatosis, well demonstrated with several imaging modalities. This unique appearance can aid in pre-operative diagnosis and guide biopsy.
Patch residence by aphidophagous ladybird beetles: Do specialists stay longer?

Abstract Aphidophagous ladybird beetles are perceived as highly mobile organisms, with adults frequently moving between patches containing ephemeral aphid prey. Nonetheless more specialized ladybirds are likely to be more sedentary due to their greater tolerance of lower aphid densities. We tested the hypothesis that a conifer specialist, Mulsantina picta, would remain in patches (individual pine trees) longer than the generalist Harmonia axyridis. One hundred marked M. picta and H. axyridis were released onto single isolated Austrian pines infested with the aphid Eulachnus rileyi once in 2006 and once in 2007. On both occasions marked H. axyridis left the pine trees almost immediately, but marked M. picta continued to be detected for periods in excess of 10 days. Unmarked H. axyridis continued to be observed on the trees after the marked ladybirds had dispersed and in 2006 H. axyridis oviposition also continued after dispersal of marked individuals. In 2007, M. picta oviposition was observed to continue after H. axyridis oviposition had ceased. The factors that might be responsible for the differential dispersal of the two species from the pines either do not appear to satisfactorily explain the difference between them or are directly related to their degree of specialization. We therefore conclude that M. picta’s longer patch residence time is a consequence of it being more specialized. In the habitats in which they occur, longer patch residence times of specialist ladybirds and a tolerance of lower densities of their preferred prey are likely to make specialists better aphid biocontrol agents than generalists.
Evidence for a reactive cysteine at the nucleotide binding site of spinach ribulose-5-phosphate kinase

Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase from spinach was rapidly inactivated by N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate in a bimolecular fashion with a k2 of 2.0 m s at 2C and pH 8.0. Ribulose 5-phosphate had little effect on the rate of inactivation, whereas complete protection was afforded by ADP or ATP. The extent of incorporation as determined with UC-labeled reagent was about 1 molar equivalent per subunit in the presence of ATP with full retention of enzymatic activity, and about 2 molar equivalents per subunit in the completely inactivated enzyme. Amino acid analyses of enzyme derivatized with UC-labeled reagent reveal that all of the covalently incorporated reagent was associated with cysteinyl residues. Hence, two sulfhydryls are reactive, but the inactivation correlates with alkylation of one cysteinyl residue at or near the enzyme's nucleotide binding site. The kinase was also extremely sensitive to the sulfhydryl reagents 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and N-ethylmaleimide. The reactive sulfhydryl groups are likely to be those generated by reduction of a disulfide during activation. 20 references, 3 figures, 2 tables.
Collisions of electrons with polyatomic molecules: Electron-methane scattering by the complex Kohn variational method

The complex Kohn variational method, which is an anomaly-free algebraic variational procedure, is implemented for the case of collisions of electrons with polyatomic molecules. The complex Kohn method requires only Hamiltonian matrix elements and, in this formulation, does not require any exchange matrix elements involving continuum functions. Direct matrix elements of the scattering potential(s) which involve continuum functions are evaluated by an adaptive three-dimensional quadrature scheme. The entire procedure is applied to elastic electron-methane scattering at the static-exchange level and proves to be both efficient and accurate. No Ramsauer-Townsend minimum is found at low energies, and it is concluded that this feature of the experimental cross section cannot be described theoretically without the inclusion of target polarization.
Challenges in Clinical Research Activities Among Minorities Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 915

Challenges in Clinical Research Activities Among Minorities Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 915
The psychological, social, and sexual consequences of gestational trophoblastic disease

Seventy-six women diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) from 1985 to 1989 completed questionnaires evaluating their status on mood disturbance, marital satisfaction, sexual functioning, psychosocial response to illness, and report of the most stressful event occurring within the past year. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were conducted on dependent measures to examine differences between diagnostic groups (partial mole, complete mole, persistent disease), time from diagnosis (less than 1 year, 1-2 years, or 3-5 years from diagnosis), and follow-up status (active disease or remission). MANOVAs revealed no significant differences in the dependent measures based on time from diagnosis, type of medical treatment received, or type of molar disease. The metastatic disease group displayed significantly greater mood disturbance (F(1, 66) = 17.63, P less than 0.0001) and reported suffering clinically significant levels of distress and significantly greater levels of distress in response to the illness (F(33, 39) = 2.32, P less than 0.006). Women with active disease also reported significantly greater levels of distress in response to the illness (F(33, 39) = 2.76, P less than 0.001). Across disease types, GTD patients experience clinically significant levels of anxiety, anger, fatigue, confusion, and sexual problems and are significantly impacted by pregnancy concerns for protracted periods of time.
Characteristics of high-Tc LaxY1−xBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductors

Abstract The LaxY1−xBa2Cu3O7−δ (0 0.5, the system starts behaving like a La123 system with a high sensitivity of superconducting and semiconducting properties to heat treatment and oxygen content. The solid solution oxides are shown to exhibit semiconducting, metallic or superconducting behavior with increasing oxygen content. Two different preparative techniques have been used to obtain superconducting solid solution oxides. Two parameters, the orthorhombic structure and the oxygen content, have been identified to primarily influence the superconductivity of the (LaxY1−x)123 oxide. Based on the observations of orthorhombic and semiconducting (LaxY1−x )123 samples, it has been suggested that these two parameters independently influence the properties of the (LaxY1−x)123 oxide for x>0 and both are essential for the superconductivity of these oxides. Our study supports the idea that the exchange of La with Ba in the ideal perovskite A site is a main contributor to the variation of the superconducting properties. Oxygen incorporation in the O(4) site and the randomization of the O(1) and O(5) sites are believed to result in a more symmetric tetragonal structure leading to disruption of the two dimensional Cu-O network, considered essential for the superconductivity of the 123 system.
Variability of recombination frequencies in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (Zea mays L.).

Variability in recombination frequency has been reported in several plant populations. The objectives of the present research were to establish the range in variability in recombination among genotypes in the important corn population Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic and to identify individual genotypes which produced increased or decreased recombination frequencies. Approximately 150 individual S0 plants were testcrossed to measure male recombination frequency on three chromosomes: 4, sul-c2; 5, a2-btl-pr1; and 9, sh1-bz1-wx1. Although the variance component for individuals accounted for only 20–33% of the total variation, highly significant variability among individuals was present at all chromosome regions. Thus the environmental effects did not prevent measurement of differences between S0 individuals. At each chromosome region, individual genotypes with recombination frequencies at least two standard deviations above or below the population mean were isolated. Reports in the literature suggest that the variability reported here for the BSSS population should be representative of that present in other corn breeding populations. Recombination frequencies were positively correlated between adjacent regions of chromosome 9 and also between adjacent regions of chromosome 5. Recombination frequencies were positively correlated between both regions on chromosome 5 with the su1-c2 region of chromosome 4. Negative correlations were observed between chromosome 9 recombination and recombination in each region of chromosomes 4 and 5. Thus rankings of S0 individual recombination frequencies were not consistent for all three chromosomes.
Lack of) support for prescriptive statements in teacher education textbooks

ABSTRACT The No Child Left Behind Act (2001) mandates determining what educational practices are demonstrated to be effective through rigorous scientific research. What types of evidence are recommended practices based on? The authors analyzed 304 citations accompanying prescriptive statements in 6 recent teacher education textbooks. Prescriptive statements implied that if teachers or students performed “A” practice, then “B” student outcome would be likely to occur. Citations were categorized as primary (qualitative, correlational/descriptive, intervention) or secondary (books, review articles, literature reviews, meta-analyses, or position papers) sources. A relatively small percentage (18) of sources were random assignment intervention studies, considered by some as the “gold standard,” whereas 64% came from secondary sources. The authors discuss the issue of whether teacher education textbooks offer evidence-based practice as well as future directions for research.
Routing service with real world severe weather

Traditional routing services aim to save driving time by recommending the shortest path, in terms of distance or time, to travel from a start location to a given destination. However, these methods are relatively static and to a certain extent rely on traffic patterns under relatively normal conditions to calculate and recommend an appropriate route. As such, they do not necessarily translate effectively during severe weather events such as tornadoes. In these scenarios, the guiding principal is not, optimize for travel time, but rather, optimize for survivability of the event, i.e., can we recommend an evacuation route to those users inside the hazardous areas. In this demo, we present a framework for routing services for evacuating and avoiding real world severe weather threats that is able to: (1) Identify the users inside the dangerous region of a severe weather event (2) Recommend an evacuation route to guide the users out to a safe destination or shelter (3) Assure the recommended route to be one of the shortest paths after excluding the risky area (4) Maintain the flow of traffic by normalizing the evacuation on the possible safe routes. During the demo, attendees will be able to use the system interactively through its graphical user interface within a number of different scenarios. They will be able to locate the severe weather events on real time basis in any area in USA and examine detailed information about each event, to issue an evacuation query from an existing dangerous area by identifying a destination location and receiving the routing direction on their mobile devices, to issue an avoidance routing query to ask for a shortest path that avoids the dangerous region, to have an inside look into the internal system components and finally, to evaluate the overall system performance.
Determination of relative tensor orientations by γ-encoded chemical shift anisotropy/heteronuclear dipolar coupling 3D NMR spectroscopy in biological solids

In this paper, we present 3D chemical shift anisotropy (CSA)/dipolar coupling correlation experiments, based on γ-encoded R-type symmetry sequences. The γ-encoded correlation spectra are exquisitely sensitive to the relative orientation of the CSA and dipolar tensors and can provide important structural and dynamic information in peptides and proteins. We show that the first-order (m = ±1) and second-order (m = ±2) Hamiltonians in the R-symmetry recoupling sequences give rise to different correlation patterns due to their different dependencies on the crystallite orientation. The relative orientation between CSA and dipolar tensors can be determined by fitting the corresponding correlation patterns. The orientation of 15N CSA tensor in the quasi-molecular frame is determined by the relative Euler angles, αNH and βNH, when the combined symmetry schemes are applied for orientational studies of 1H–15N dipolar and 15N CSA tensors. The correlation experiments introduced here work at moderate magic angle spinning frequencies (10–20 kHz) and allow for simultaneous measurement of multiple sites of interest. We studied the orientational sensitivity of γ-encoded symmetry-based recoupling techniques numerically and experimentally. The results are demonstrated on [15N]-N-acetyl-valine (NAV) and N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (MLF) tripeptide.
Pressure Fluctuations on the Open-Ocean Floor off the Gulf of California: Tides, Earthquakes, Tsunamis

Abstract This paper supplements an initial article on sea-floor pressure observations conducted with a sensitive though not “perfectly” stable transducer. A variety of examples are used to demonstrate that a wide range of research subjects in the fields of physical oceanography and submarine geophysics can be studied with measurements from Bourdon-tube pressure sensors combined with inherently linear and friction-free electro-optical feedback. Results from a three-month experiment in the Pacific Ocean, off the entrance of the Gulf of California, are presented. The background sea level variations in the subtidal and intertidal bands are found to be more energetic than those observed 300 km east of Hawaii, that is, at a great distance offshore. The difference between the spectra from the Hawaii and the Gulf of California measurements has a maximum at 0.025 cph of nearly two decades. Baroclinic wave trapping along the coast of North America may play a role at the lower frequencies, while meteorological noise...
Phase structure and dual properties of Z N -symmetric models on a triangular lattice

Motivated by the search for physical two-dimensional systems with the unusual phase structure of the vector Potts (clock) model, we study two ${Z}_{N}$-symmetric periodic Gaussian models (PGM) on a triangular lattice. The models differ from each other only in their vortex structure, and should be in the same universality class, along with the $N$-state clock model. One of the models is self-dual. We also argue that the critical inverse temperature of the Gaussian approximation to the $\mathrm{XY}$ model on a square lattice, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\ensuremath{\square}}^{*}$, should be related to ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{*}$, the critical inverse temperature of a similar model on a triangular lattice, by ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{*}\sqrt{3}={\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\ensuremath{\square}}^{*}$. Using this result and the self-dual property of one of our ${Z}_{N}$ PGM's, we find that the equation determining ${N}_{c}$, the value of $N$ above which there must be at least two phase transitions, is identical for the self-dual ${Z}_{N}$ PGM's on a square and triangular lattice.
Structure of the C-terminal half of human XPB helicase and the impact of the disease-causing mutation XP11BE.

XPB is a DNA-dependent helicase and a subunit of the TFIIH complex required for both transcription and DNA repair. XPB contains four domains: an N-terminal domain, two conserved helicase domains (HD1 and HD2) and a C-terminal extension. The C-terminal extension is important for DNA repair since the phosphorylation of Ser751 inhibits 5'-incision by ERCC1-XPF endonuclease. A disease-causing frameshift mutation (XP11BE) that changes the last 42 amino acids of XPB causes manifestations including impaired DNA repair and deficient transcription. Here, the crystal structure of the C-terminal half of XPB (residues 494-782) is reported at 1.8 A resolution. The structure contained the conserved XPB HD2 and a C-terminal extension which shares structural similarity with RIG-I, leading to a structural model of the XPF-XPB-DNA complex for 5' incision during DNA repair. A mutation mimicking the XP11BE mutation produced the much less soluble mutant XPBm(494-781). Western blotting results confirmed that the intracellular levels of XPB and other TFIIH subunits in XP11BE patient cells were much lower than those from the healthy parents. Together, these results indicate that the XP11BE mutation not only divests the XPF-interaction motif, impairing DNA repair, but also reduces XPB solubility, leading to a lower intracellular level of TFIIH and deficient transcription.
Evoked potential contrast sensitivity in the parafovea: spatial organization.

Abstract Visual evoked potential contrast sensitivity functions (VEP/CSFs) were determined for counterphase flickered sine-wave gratings in circular fields up to 8° in diameter centered on the fovea. VEP sources responding to 16 c/deg gratings appeared to be concentrated in the central 2 of the visual field while sources responding to lower spatial frequencies appeared to be distributed over progressively wider areas of the visual field as spatial frequency decreased. It was also found that independently determined VEP/CSFs for non-overlapping annular regions of the visual field centered on the fovea summed to equal the VEP/CSF obtained when both regions were stimulated simultaneously.
Solution of full and deficient rank linear equations

An algorithm for computing the solution of a linear system of algebraic equations is described. If the system is rank deficient, then the minimum norm least-squares solution is obtained. The method utilizes Gaussian elimination with scaled partial pivoting and (in rank deficient case) orthogonal triangularizations on the remaining coefficient matrix.
An author topic analysis on NCI DCP/DCCPS PIs

To facilitate the cancer study at Mayo Clinic, Mayo CPC (Cancer Population Control) initiated a study on the landscape of NCI funded principle investigators (PIs), who focus on cancer preventions, cancer control and population science. In this work, we conducted a bibliometric analysis on such research by applying author topic modeling (ATM) on MEDLINE citations published by currently-funded PIs from both DCP (Division of Cancer Preventions) and DCCPS (Division of Cancer Control and Population Science. Our initial results show that ATM can address the issue of research interests reasonably. Furthermore, a network involving authors, topics and words can be established for more detailed bibliometric analysis. This network may also be useful to grantees and funding administrators in suggesting potential collaborators.
Gauging magnetorotational instability

Previously (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 57:615–622, 2006), we examined the axisymmetric stability of viscous resistive magnetized Couette flow with emphasis on flows that would be hydrodynamically stable according to Rayleigh’s criterion: opposing gradients of angular velocity and specific angular momentum. A uniform axial magnetic field permeates the fluid. In this regime, magnetorotational instability (MRI) may occur. It was proved that MRI is suppressed, in fact no instability at all occurs, with insulating boundary conditions, when a term multipling the magnetic Prandtl number is neglected. Likewise, in the current work, including this term, when the magnetic resistivity is sufficiently large, MRI is suppressed. This shows conclusively that small magnetic dissipation is a feature of this instability for all magnetic Prandtl numbers. A criterion is provided for the onset of MRI.
An Initial Report of a Novel Multi-Institutional Bladder Exstrophy Consortium: A Collaboration Focused on Primary Surgery and Subsequent Care

Purpose: For bladder exstrophy repair it is universally accepted that successful initial surgery is paramount to achieve the optimal outcome. Gaining the necessary surgical experience is challenging due to the rarity of bladder exstrophy. We report preliminary findings of a multi-institutional collaboration created to increase experience and proficiency with the care of bladder exstrophy.Materials and Methods: Our 3 institutions alternatively served as the host site for scheduled surgeries with observation, commentary and critique by visitors from the other sites. The technique was complete primary repair with bilateral iliac osteotomy. The timing of complete primary repair at age 1 to 3 months facilitated collaboration. We recorded patient demographics and outcomes, and the impact of this collaboration on our technique and experience. Video recording was used for real-time observation and teaching, and future analysis, editing and review.Results: A total of 16 site visits occurred from February 2013 thro...
Studies of a fluorogenic probe for palladium and platinum leading to a palladium-specific detection method

Herein we demonstrate selective fluorescence detection of palladium in the presence of platinum by altering the pH of the reaction medium of a Pd0/Pt0-catalyzed Tsuji–Trost type reaction to yield a fluorescent compound.