cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subclassification of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder: A questionnaire based on Wing's Subgrouping scheme

A questionnaire (the Wing Subgroups Questionnaire, or WSQ) for subclassifying children with autism into one of Wing's three hypothesized subgroups was developed, and the validity of this measure was assessed. Forty parents of children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) completed the questionnaire. Results indicated that the questionnaire has adequate external criterion-referenced validity with similar subgroup ratings made by clinicians, and good internal consistency. Furthermore, results revealed three distinct and separate subgroups corresponding to Wing's subclassification scheme. Other analyses suggested that Wing assignment based on the WSQ was independent of chronological age and age equivalents for social and daily living skills, but not independent of diagnosis of autism vs. PDDNOS, IQ, severity of autism, sex, receptive language mental age, and age equivalents for communication skills. Finally, a discriminant analysis indicated that, of all the dependent variables examined in the present study, the clinicians' Wing assignment was the best predictor of Wing assignment based on the parent-completed WSQ. These findings provide support for Wing's classification system, and suggest that the WSQ is a valid and useful tool for subclassifying individuals with autism.
Negotiating an Exit: Existential, Interactional, and Cultural Obstacles to Disorder Disidentification.

This study highlights a population that has been largely overlooked in sociological research on labeling and identity: people who formerly identified with emotional disorder labels and have chosen to discard them (delabelers).My qualitative analysis of 40 delabelers'narratives explores processes of identification and disidentification by highlighting the tension between individuals' decision to discard their labeled identities and their simultaneous reluctance to relinquish these identities. I characterize this tension as the consequence of existential, interactional, and cultural obstacles to disidentification that are common to delabelers' narratives. These obstacles include both a fear of the consequences of dissociating with the label as well as an attachment to the identity, the community, and the cultural support associated with the disorder label.
THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE IX

The capsular polysaccharide of Type IX pneumococcus contains D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and D-glucuronic acid. Complete hydrolysis is difficult. All of the N-acetylglucosamine is resistant to oxidation by periodate, but the other two sugars are degraded in part. Chemical and quantitative serological data are consistent with the linkage of two D-glucose residues 1 --> 4, as in maltose; others may be linked 1 --> 3. Part, at least, of the glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine is linked to glucose.
Resilience of Watershed Systems to Climate Change

Climate change can have significant impact on watershed systems. These impacts are expressed in the form of impairment in water supplies, increase in natural disasters, increased exposure to waterborne contaminants, water quality issues, species extinction, biodiversity loss, economic losses, and rapid resource exploitation. The intensification of the hydrologic cycle resulting from climate change result in increased storm flows, intensity of droughts and floods, and changes to the Eco hydrologic processes of watershed systems. Impacts vary depending on the geographic location and state of the watershed system. For example, some watersheds in dry regions of sub-Saharan Africa face threats of severe droughts and desertification, while other watersheds with high moisture regime like northeast India face increased intensity in precipitation and higher flood regime. These impacts result in changes to the Social and Ecological Systems (SES) [1] of watershed and create transitory or permanent changes in watershed systems. The magnitude of impacts varies depending on the resilience [2] of the SES [3] of the watershed system. Resilience of watersheds reflects the ability of the SES to absorb climatic disturbances and to reorganize itself to maintain itself within the current domain or transform to another new stable domains in both ecological and social dimensions [4]. This is specified resilience as this reorganizational ability is specific to climate change and not to other stressors that watersheds face.
Challenging a Terrorist Tag in the Media: Framing the Politics of Resistance and an Iranian Opposition Group

Scholars have shown that media framing has a powerful effect on citizen perception and policy debates. Research has provided less insight into the ability of marginalized actors to promote their preferred frames in the media in a dynamic political context. The efforts of an exiled Iranian opposition group to get its name removed from official terror lists in the United States, United Kingdom, and EU provides a valuable platform to examine this problem. Using content analysis, I explore how the group promoted its frames in the opinion sections of major world news publications over nine years (2003–2012). I then examine the extent to which journalists aligned to its frames, as opposed to rival official frames, over time in the larger arena of news. The results support research showing that by nurturing small opportunities, marginalized political actors can expand media capacity and influence, but these effects are mediated at least in part by critical or focusing events that make rival frames less salient. The study sheds light on the complex relationship between activists, the government, and the media. It has implications for the ability of marginalized political actors to get their frames into public discourse. It also has implications for terror tagging and media coverage of other controversial issues.
Regulation of a Sodium Channel-associated G-protein by Aldosterone

Abstract The action of aldosterone to increase apical membrane permeability in responsive epithelia is thought to be due to activation of sodium channels. This channel is regulated, in part, by G-proteins, but it is not known if this mechanism is regulated by aldosterone. We report that aldosterone stimulates the expression of the 41-kDa α subunit of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins in A-6 cells. Both mRNA and the total amount of this protein are increased by aldosterone. The G-protein is palmitoylated in response to the steroid, and the newly synthesized subunit is found to co-localize with the sodium channel. Aldosterone stimulation of sodium transport is significantly inhibited by inhibition of palmitoylation. These results suggest that aldosterone regulates sodium channel activity in epithelia through stimulation of the expression and post-translational targeting of a channel regulatory G-protein subunit.
Spaces of bounded spherical functions on Heisenberg groups: part II

Consider a linear multiplicity free action by a compact Lie group $$K$$ on a finite dimensional Hermitian vector space $$V$$ . Letting $$K$$ act on the Heisenberg group $$H_V=V\times \mathbb {R}$$ yields a Gelfand pair. The condition that $$K:V$$ be “well-behaved” establishes a relationship between the associated moment mapping and highest weight vectors occurring in the polynomial ring $${\mathbb {C}}[V]$$ . Under this condition, an application of the Orbit Method produces a topological embedding of the space of bounded spherical functions for $$(K,H_V)$$ in the space of $$K$$ -orbits in the dual of the Lie algebra for $$H_V$$ . In part I of this work, it was shown that every irreducible multiplicity free action is well-behaved. Here we extend this result to encompass all multiplicity free actions. Our proof uses case-by-case analysis of multiplicity free actions which are indecomposable but not irreducible.
Meta-analysis of the effect of psychoeducational interventions on pain in adults with cancer.

Purpose/objectives To determine the effect of psychoeducational interventions on pain in adults with cancer. Data sources 25 intervention studies published from 1978-2001. Data synthesis When analyzed across all studies, a statistically significant, beneficial effect on pain was found. However, threats to validity were present in some studies. The most serious of these involved a lack of random assignment to treatment condition and a floor effect on pain. When limited to the studies with the best methodologic quality, the effect on pain continued to be statistically significant. Effect on pain by type of treatment was examined and found to be somewhat variable and limited by the small number of studies testing each type of treatment. Conclusions Methodologic quality was variable. Reasonably strong evidence exists for relaxation-based cognitive-behavioral interventions, education about analgesic usage, and supportive counseling. Minimal data were available about the relative effectiveness of different types of psychoeducational interventions because few studies included within-study contrasts of different experimental interventions and usual care was not well documented. Implications for nursing Psychoeducational interventions are not a substitute for analgesics, but they may serve as adjuvant therapy. Assessment and clinical judgment are critical. The intervention must be acceptable to patients and not too burdensome for patients in pain to use.
Distributed robust beamforming for MIMO cognitive networks

Beamforming for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) cognitive networks is considered in the presence of channel uncertainty induced by errors in estimating cognitive-to-primary channels. A robust beamforming problem is formulated to optimize an appropriate cognitive radio network-wide performance metric, while enforcing protection of the primary system. In spite of the non-convexity of the resultant optimization problem, a block coordinate ascent algorithm is developed with provable convergence to a stationary point. Enticingly, the novel scheme also lends itself naturally to a distributed implementation. Numerical results are reported to corroborate the analytical findings.
The Four-Dimensional Sklyanin Algebras

The four-dimensional Sklyanin algebras are certain noncommutative graded algebras having the same Hilbert series as the polynomial ring on four indeterminates. Their structure and representation theory is intimately connected with the geometry of an elliptic curve (and a fixed translation) embedded in p3. This is an account of the work done on these algebras over the past four years.
A Visual Equalization Strategy for Locomotor Control: Of Honeybees, Robots, and Humans

Honeybees fly down the center of a corridor by equating the speed of optic flow in the lateral field of the two eyes. This flow-equalization strategy has been successfully implemented in mobile robots to guide behavior in cluttered environments. We investigated whether humans use a similar strategy to steer down a corridor and determined the relative contributions of equating the speed of flow (.27), the splay angles of base lines (.62), and the visual angles of texture on the left and right walls (.03) to steering behavior. A generalized equalization strategy based on the weighted linear combination of these variables closely models human behavior, providing robust visual control.
A Robust and Fast Face Modeling System

In this paper, we describe our face modeling system which allows a user, with a PC and an ordinary video camera, to construct their own 3D face models with minimal manual work. Furthermore, the constructed face model can be animated right away. There are two technical innovations that make our system possible. The first is a robust head motion estimation algorithm that takes advantage of physical properties of the face feature points obtained from manual marking to reduce the number of unknowns. The second innovation is to fit a set of face metrics (3D deformation vectors) to the reconstructed 3D points and markers to generate a complete face geometry. We have done live demonstrations many times and constructed 3D faces for hundreds of people. The system has proven to be robust, fast, and easy to use.
Compact, Deployable Ultra Lightweight Multi-Megawatt Nuclear Power Systems for Very Long Range Electromagnetic Launchers

Very compact, ultra lightweight nuclear reactor systems that can be rapidly deployed by existing military transport vehicles are described. They can provide multi- megawatts of continuous electric power at remote locations without needing large scale logistic supply of fuel for conventional diesel-electric generators. Such power systems enable important new military capabilities, including electromagnetic launchers to deliver large projectiles at ranges of hundreds of miles. The DEER (Deployable Electric Energy Reactor) system is based on existing nuclear reactor and power conversion technology that has operated safely and reliably for decades in many nuclear power plants world-wide. Two types of DEER reactor systems are described in detail. DEER-1 uses the TRIGA hydride nuclear fuel now in dozens of research reactors operating world-wide, with a conventional water coolant/steam turbine power system. Two DEER-1 designs are described in detail. DEER-1-10 generates ~ 10 megawatts of continuous electric power, while DEER-1-50 generates 50 megawatts. After shutdown, the DEER reactor module can be safely transported away from its operating base, with the external radiation level outside its integral tungsten shield low enough that the dose to handling personnel is well below guidelines. The advanced DEER-2 reactor system, which is even smaller and lighter than DEER-1, is also described. It uses the small (~ 1 millimeter diameter) TRISO fuel particles that are widely used in High Temperature Reactors around the World. In the DEER-2 reactor, packed beds of TRISO particles are cooled with water, enabling very high power density and a very small reactor volume. When the DEER-2 reactor shuts down at the end of its mission, the radioactive TRISO particles are hydraulically unloaded into a small shielded cask for shipment back to a depot. The DEER-2 reactor modules are considerable smaller and lighter than the DEER-1 modules. At a firing rate of 1 projectile per minute, the 10 MW(e) DEER system can deliver 600 megajoules of energy per EML launch, while the 50 MW(e) system can deliver 3 gigajoules per launch. For comparison, a 100 kg long range projectile at 3 km/sec has a kinetic energy of 450 megajoules. The DEER system will enable rapid fire of heavy projectiles over distances of hundreds of miles.
Hartree-Fock calculations of atoms and molecular chains in strong magnetic fields

We calculate the binding energies of atoms and molecular chains in 10^12 G magnetic fields using the Hartree-Fock method. For Z>2 (4) at 1×10^12 (5×10^12), the isolated atom is energetically favored over the molecular chain.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Dependency and Its Contradictions: A Theoretical Exploration of Social‐Ecological Metabolism*

Abstract The global agro-food system relies heavily on inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers. In addition to consuming enormous amounts of energy, this manufactured input contributes to the accumulation of reactive nitrogen in the biosphere and undermines the biological basis of agricultural production itself. While technological inefficiency and population may play a role in the phenomenon of global nitrogen accumulation, the social structural features of industrial agriculture must also be examined. The concept of social-ecological metabolism provides an important and needed conceptual framework for engaging global food security issues.
TexFirst, an early-ripening, low-chill peach for the subtropics.

This peach tree [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] originated in the Stone Fruit Breeding Program at Department of Horticultural Sciences at Texas A&M University, located in College Station, TX. The seed parent was the Thai Tiger peach TXW1193-1 (Byrne and Boonprakob, 2008), a cultivar jointly released by Texas A&M University and Kasetsart University (Kampangsaen, Nakhonpathom, Thailand). Open-pollinated seed from Thai Tiger TXW1193-1 was planted in a highdensity fruiting nursery at College Station in 1996. From this progeny, the seedling denominated as TX1A95 was selected for its early maturity, good productivity, yellow ground color, round shape, high red overcolor, and excellent firmness. It was propagated asexually by budding and has been evaluated in Texas and California.
Improving physical activity program adoption using integrated research-practice partnerships: an effectiveness-implementation trial

Integrated research-practice partnerships (IRPPs) may improve adoption of evidence-based programs. The aim of this study is to compare adoption of an IRPP-developed physical activity (PA) program (Fit Extension, FitEx) to a typical efficacy-effectiveness-dissemination pipeline model program (Active Living Every Day, ALED). Guided by the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, a randomized controlled trial assigned health educators (HEs) to FitEx (n = 18) or ALED (n = 18). Fourteen HEs adopted FitEx, while two HEs adopted ALED (χ 2 = 21.8; p < 0.05). FitEx HEs took less time to deliver (p < 0.05), stated greater intentions for continued program delivery (p < 0.05), and reached more participants (n = 1097 total; 83 % female; 70 % Caucasian; M age = 44 ± 11.8) per HE than ALED (n = 27 total; 60 % female; 50 % Caucasian; M age = 41 ± 11.3). No significant difference existed in FitEx or ALED participants’ increased PA (M increase = 9.12 ±29.09 min/day; p > 0.05). IRPP-developed programs may improve PA program adoption, implementation, and maintenance and may also result in programs that have higher reach—without reducing effectiveness.
A Framework for Ensuring Wellness of Faculty Members for Higher Education Effectiveness

Main intent of this paper is to highlight the concept: Faculty Wellness and its relevance in Higher Education inter alia Management Education. It is argued that "One cannot give what one doesn't possess", indicating the core of education system: 'motivated and talented faculty members' who will play a prominent role ensuring quality of higher education. The main intent of this is to make a conceptual review of Faculty Wellness in Higher Education context and suggests a framework for assessing Faculty Wellness making Hubbal and West model more India-specific (an education system more focused on rote-learning rather than enquiry-based). On the basis of above framework ground reality of faculty wellness can be checked: whether Faculty members are Thriving (Wellness strong and consistent), Struggling (Wellness moderate and inconsistent) and Suffering (Wellness low and inconsistent) in five areas: purpose (liking what one does each day and being motivated to achieve one's goals), social (having supportive relationships and love in one's life), financial (managing your economic life to reduce stress and increase security), physical (having good health and enough energy to get things done daily), and community (liking where one lives, feeling safe, and having pride in one's community).
Voles, Vasopressin, and the Ethics of Framing

The scientific community increasingly recognizes the importance of communicating effectively and responsibly with the public ([ 1 ][1]), but questions remain about whether and how to “frame” scientific information about controversial issues such as climate change, evolution, and embryonic stem
Feeding Responses by Hylurgopinus rufipes to Combined Chemical and Physical Stimuli

Feeding responses by adults of the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), on 1-mm-thick pith discs soaked in 10 mg of an 80% ethanol extract of trunk bark of Ulmus americana were significantly different (0.01 level) from the controls. The beetle fed only on chemically treated 1-mm-thick discs. Thus, the thigmotactic stimulus of such discs was a required component of the total stimulus for feeding by this insect. Feeding on a benzene extract of U. americana bark, or on p -hydroxybenzaldehyde, was not significantly different (0.05 level) from the control.
Editorial commentary: Induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) cardiomyocytes: My kingdom for a useful disease model!

Despite substantial drops in the rate of myocardial infarction, hospitalizations and deaths from heart failure have continued, unabated. Moreover, unlike oncology, which has benefited from the revolution of low cost tumor sequencing and offers the promise of exciting therapeutic avenues like immune checkpoint therapy, there is little to suggest major pharmacologic breakthroughs are imminent. In fact, the past 2 decades have seen only a handful of novel classes of drugs for heart failure and these have nearly all focused on neurohormonal modulation. Such a disappointing pace of new therapies has resulted in finger-pointing at diverse facets of the preclinical research enterprise, including the rodent models of disease that have been the mainstay of academic and pharmaceutical research. There are many reasons to believe that mice are poor models of human cardiac physiology. Their resting heart rates are nearly an order of magnitude higher than that of most adult humans, arising from critical differences in ion channel physiology and excitation–contraction coupling. Zebrafish, an animal we use in the laboratory in addition to mice, have heart rates more in keeping with humans with arguably greater similarities in underlying cardiac electrophysiology, but they lack T-tubules and have an infuriating number of paralogues of the cardiac genes underlying human disease. Given these fundamental differences, one can rightly wonder if therapeutic discoveries made in these model systems have sufficient likelihood of translating into successes in human clinical trials to warrant their continued use. In this issue of Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, Ross et al. [1] review the use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes to model a specific set of
Discovery and in Vivo Evaluation of the Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-6-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-0687) and 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-5-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-1430)

Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic profile of 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinoline, 4, led to the discovery of two potent, selective, and orally bioavailable PI3Kδ inhibitors, 6a (AM-0687) and 7 (AM-1430). On the basis of their improved profile, these analogs were selected for in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy experiments in animal models of inflammation. The in vivo PD studies, which were carried out in a mouse pAKT inhibition animal model, confirmed the observed potency of 6a and 7 in biochemical and cellular assays. Efficacy experiments in a keyhole limpet hemocyanin model in rats demonstrated that administration of either 6a or 7 resulted in a strong dose-dependent reduction of IgG and IgM specific antibodies. The excellent in vitro and in vivo profiles of these analogs make them suitable for further development.
In the beginning (mathematics courses)

Students, both male and female, but particularly female, are dropping out of mathematics courses in high school, severely limiting their future career options. The lack of interest and ability in mathematics has roots which reach back to the early years of a child's life. The details of the problems are outlined, and activities that could solve the problem are suggested. Female children should have the same encouragement as males. Children should be involved in the use of mathematics in daily life. Parent-teacher interaction in mathematics is emphasized. It is suggested that schools invite guest speakers in mathematics who could function as role models. Print and visual media should be monitored, with emphasis on scientific topics. >
The Angiosperm Stigma

The angiosperm stigma is an efficient structure with both morphological and physiological adaptations that enable pollen capture, hydration and germination. The stigma surface may play a vital part in controlling interspecific hybridization and in regulating compatibility relationships within species. The structural and physiological features of the pollen capturing surfaces vary considerably between families and sometimes within families. This chapter aims to show the range of morphological variation in stigma types found throughout the angiosperms, to enable classification of stigmata into the major recognized groups, and to indicate the relationship between structure and function.
Multicomponent Density Functional Theory: Impact of Nuclear Quantum Effects on Proton Affinities and Geometries

Nuclear quantum effects such as zero point energy play a critical role in computational chemistry and often are included as energetic corrections following geometry optimizations. The nuclear–electronic orbital (NEO) multicomponent density functional theory (DFT) method treats select nuclei, typically protons, quantum mechanically on the same level as the electrons. Electron–proton correlation is highly significant, and inadequate treatments lead to highly overlocalized nuclear densities. A recently developed electron–proton correlation functional, epc17, has been shown to provide accurate nuclear densities for molecular systems. Herein, the NEO-DFT/epc17 method is used to compute the proton affinities for a set of molecules and to examine the role of nuclear quantum effects on the equilibrium geometry of FHF–. The agreement of the computed results with experimental and benchmark values demonstrates the promise of this approach for including nuclear quantum effects in calculations of proton affinities, pK...
Psychological Distance and Response to Human Versus Non-Human Victims of Climate Change

Despite the serious threat of climate change to sustainability, people in the United States feel little urgency to address the issue. The goal of this research project was to use psychological methods to better understand why Americans respond to climate change the way they do, and to assess strategies to spur a stronger action-oriented response. Using Construal Level Theory as a foundation, three psychological studies explored the perceived psychological distance of climate change, empathy toward victims of climate change, and people’s willingness to take action. Past research suggests that perceptions of low psychological distance toward climate change are associated with higher concern and willingness to take action. In the current research, participants read short scenarios about climate change and how it impacts specific victims, such as geographically and socially similar people (low psychological distance) or a geographically and socially dissimilar social agent such as an animal (high psychological distance). Using both self-report surveys and implicit methods, our studies examined the relationship between psychological distance and response to climate change. Consistent with other research, we found that psychologically closer framings of climate change do not always effectively ameliorate psychological distance, nor result in greater intention to act. Our results further suggest that people may engage in psychological distancing when faced with climate change suffering. These findings provide important insights for effective communication about challenging sustainability issues.
Enacting surprise with ani ‘no’-prefaced questions

This study focuses on the use of the particle ani ‘no’ as a preface to questions in Korean conversation. Using ordinary telephone conversations as data, the study examines the practice of ani prefacing in a previously unexplored position: questions that begin with ani. The cases show that ani-prefaced questions display the speaker’s surprise at some content of the recipient’s prior talk and sometimes even serve to challenge the truthfulness of the surprise source. In this context, the ani preface serves as an alert that these actions should be understood as a departure from the ongoing course of action and as a distinct issue to be addressed. The article also discusses ani’s uses in turn-initial position in relation to its use in other positions.
Do Archaea Need an Origin of Replication

Chromosomal DNA replication starts at a specific region called an origin of replication. Until recently, all organisms were thought to require origins to replicate their chromosomes. It was recently discovered that some archaeal species do not utilize origins of replication under laboratory growth conditions.
Excited argon 1s 5 production in micro-hollow cathode discharges for use as potential rare gas laser sources

The diode-pumped rare gas laser (DPRGL) has been suggested as a potential high-gain, high-energy laser which requires densities on the order of 1013 cm−3 at pressures around 1 atmosphere for efficient operation. Argon 1s5 number densities have been measured in micro-hollow cathode discharges with electrode gaps of 127 and 254 μm and hole diameters from 100-400 μm. The dependency of the metastable argon (1s5) density on total gas pressure, electrode gap distance and hole diameter were explored. The measured densities were all in the range of 0.5 − 2 × 1013 cm−3 with the 400 μm hole diameters being the lowest.
Tympanic Membrane Perforation Repair Using Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosal Grafting

Objective:To evaluate the use of porcine small intestinal submucosal grafts for tympanic membrane repair.Patients:Adult and pediatric patients with tympanic membrane perforations with and without chronic otitits media, and perforations after removal of cholesteatoma.Intervention:Endoscopic or micros
POLLUTANT FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION IN FLAMES

Emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons, soot, and nitrogen oxides from flames depend on the burning conditions. This discussion of the interrelated flame chemistry of the contaminants emphasizes two points: The appearance of nonequilibrium unburnt hydrocarbons in rich enough flames; the existence of an optimum fuel-rich mixture strength (bounded by the appearance of unburnt hydrocarbons) for converting fixed-N species to molecular nitrogen.
A study of concentrated viscous crude oil-in-water emulsions

Concentrated oil-in-water emulsions of three viscous crude oils (Grosmont, Cold Lake and Boscan) were prepared by treating the crude with NaOH. The effects of NaOH concentration, oil concentration, and aging on the viscosity, particle size distribution and stability of the emulsions are reported. Emulsions containing up to 75% crude were prepared with the Boscan and Cold Lake crudes. The emulsion viscosity depends on crude oil concentration and electroviscous effects. The latter depend on the ratio of NaOH to the total acid number (TAN) of the crude. Extrema in viscosity and particle size of the emulsions occur close to the TAN. By controlling the electroviscous effects, high shear rate viscosity can be maintained below 0.2 Pa s up to volume fractions of 70%.
Correlation between Poverty and Mental Health: Towards a Psychiatric Evaluation

A review of epidemiological journals on mental health identifies a link between poverty and chronic health disorders. Explanatory models of persons suffering from mental health disorders have been described in a number of studies, in all of which poverty and socioeconomic problems have been cited as one of the most important factors causing emotional distress (Patel, 1995). Some medical literatures have shown a clear association between indicators of poverty and the risk of mental disorders, the most consistent link being with low levels of education and income (Patel, et, al, 2003). While these indicators remain unclear to me, there are still unfounded beliefs on how poverty triggers chronic mental illnesses. However, recent exploratory studies have strongly supported the link between poverty and mental health. Drawing analysis from exploratory studies, I tend to argue in this study that poverty is a gateway to mental illness. This argument is based on statistical studies that have pointed out that poor mental health conditions have greater potentiality to trigger many forms of psychological distress. Despites poor condition of life, genetic and psychological factors supports the link between poverty and mental illness. Clinicians in the last two decades have identified difficulties while untangling effects of "social causation, adversity and stress associated with low social statuses from those within "social selection,” which posits that genetically predisposed persons can drift down or fail to rise in their poverty” (Dohrenwend, Levav, Shrout et al, 1992). This descriptive study makes a case that there is correlation between poverty, psychological distress and mental health. My believe is supported by new study published in the Journal of mental health disorder which strongly argues that childhood poverty, adolescents level of stress and induced mental health disorder in adults are linked together. For Drishya (2012), the way we spend our childhood and the experiences we gain at our tender age stays with us for the rest of our lives. This paper uses evidence-research methodologies from cross sectional regions of the country to demonstrate an association between poverty and homelessness and how both are associated with mental health disorders. It uses empirical studies to support a correlation that exists between depression, suicidal ideation, schizophrenic symptoms and anxiety disorders. Future research is needed to further identify link between poverty, substance dependence, depression, and other mental health problems. Poverty alleviation and prevention efforts should target those with substance use and delinquent behaviors.
Effects of cromolyn in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The effect of disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) in preventing the pulmonary dysfunction caused by the inhalation of barn and hay dust was studied in 5 horses with confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The horses were studied before (Con) and after exposure to hay and dust allergens (Expos) and after pretreatment with cromolyn followed by exposure (Cr-Expos). There was a significant reduction in PaO2 from 86.8±8.3 to 73.1±8.8 when the horses were exposed to hay and dust allergens. The PaO2 after pretreatment with cromolyn and exposures was 78.1±5.5. There were no significant changes in PaCO2, FRC, pH and A-aDO2 when the Con, Expos, and Cr-Expos periods were compared. There were significant increases in VE from a control value of 77.9±18.2 to 128.7±55.1 and 133.7±17.1 L/min during the exposures, which was due primarily to increases in respiratory frequency. Respiratory dead space (VD/VT) increased from 0.55±0.10 to 0.71±0.07 and 0.65±0.05, and alveolar ventilation (VE) remained constant. Pulmonary resistance (RL) and transpulmonary pressure (Ptr) increased from a control of 0.77±0.28 cm H2O/L/sec and 7.73±3.38 cm H2O to 2.93±1.01 and 20.17±4.81 during the Expos period and tidal volume (VT) fell from 7.5±1.0 to 5.7±1.3 L. The pre-treatment with cromolyn before exposures significantly reduced the increase in RL and Ptr and returned VT to Con levels.
Muslim Ethics and Biotechnology

Biotechnology generates new kinds of reasoning in traditional Muslim ethics. Review of practices on cloning, genetic modification and other practices in south Asia and the Middle East.
Structural Basis for Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Action

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural basis for aminoglycoside antibiotic action. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the target for many antibiotics that interfere with the essential functions of protein synthesis. Aminoglycoside antibiotics that bind directly to 16 S ribosomal RNA in 30 S subunit, cause misreading of the genetic code. Biochemical experiments have localized the binding site of aminoglycosides to the region of codon-anticodon interaction in the ribosomal A-site. 27 nt RNA that corresponds to the small subunit A site mimics the affinity and specificity of aminoglycoside binding to the ribosome. The chapter determines the solution structure of a complex between the aminoglycoside paromomycin and 27 nt RNA . Paromomycin binds in the major groove of the RNA within a pocket formed by a non-canonical A-A pair, and a bulged adenosine. The structure explains the specificity of these antibiotics for prokaryotic ribosomes because eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs are unable to form the specific binding pocket for aminoglycosides. Resistance to aminoglycosides is imparted by enzymatic modification of either the antibiotic or the RNA target, and the sites of these modifications are at the RNA-antibiotic interface. The structure represents a starting point for improved aminoglycoside antibiotics. Comparison of the structure of the free and bound RNA suggests a mechanism for aminoglycoside-induced miscoding, and experiments are in progress to test this mechanism.
Inflammatory Cell Dynamics in Man

Inflammation in man is the local response of the human host to any kind of damage whether it be due to trauma, chemical agents, or microorganisms or their products. Its purposes are to eliminate the degenerated portions of the injured cells and tissues, to eliminate the injurious or infective agents, and to repair the damaged site.
Relationship between disease activity and circulating endothelial and endothelial progenitor cells in multiple myeloma.

e20004Background: A variety of tumor markers have been identified to define risk and predict and monitor treatment response in multiple myeloma (MM). Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circul...
A Meta-Analytic Examination of Models Linking Justice, Trust, and Job Performance

A quantitative review of the relationship between justice, trust, and job performance behaviors (i.e. OCB and task performance) is organized around four theoretical models that have received varyin...
Perceived supervisor support: A study of select-service hotel employees

Abstract This exploratory study examines differences in employees' perceptions of the individual items that comprise the perceived supervisor support instrument in the select-service hotel setting. Data obtained from hourly employees were compared across employee demographic groups, such as gender and age, and employee workplace characteristics, such as department and years of service, and were utilized to uncover differences in perceived supervisor support. Through t-tests and ANOVAs, results showed perceptions can vary by groups both in overall perceived supervisor support and individual supervisor support items, especially between full-time employees and part-time employees where part-time employees felt less supported by their managers in almost all instances that were measured. This indicates that while the supervisor support construct items all comprise support, the various support actions by managers may be viewed differently by employee groups. A discussion including implications for management such as providing support across all employee groups and understanding the impact of various behaviors of support is presented.
AutoMod™: providing simulation solutions for over 30 years

Decision making in industry continues to become more complicated. Customers are more demanding, competition is more fierce, and costs for labor and raw materials continue to rise. Managers need state-of-the-art tools to help in planning, design, and operations of their facilities. Simulation provides a virtual factory where ideas can be tested and performance improved. The AutoMod product suite from Applied Materials has been used on thousands of projects to help engineers and managers make the best decisions possible. AutoMod supports hierarchical model construction. This architecture allows users to reuse model components in other models, decreasing the time required to build a model. In addition, recent enhancements to AutoMod's material handling template systems have in-creased modeling accuracy and ease-of-use. These latest advances have helped make AutoMod one of the most widely used simulation software packages.
How does guilt differ from shame

Publisher Summary This chapter describes several theoretical distinctions between shame and guilt that have been suggested by social scientists over the years. It begins with the review based on psychoanalytic and anthropological theories. Shame and guilt are frequently mentioned in the same breath, as moral emotions that regulate social behavior, or as potentially problematic affective experiences that lie at the heart of many psychological symptoms. Recent theory and research has identified important differences between these two closely related emotions—differences that appear to have rather profound implications both for psychological adjustment and for social behavior. A common basis for distinguishing between shame and guilt focuses on presumed differences in the types of situations that elicit these emotions. The chapter summarizes recent empirical results that seriously challenge this assumption and describes the breadth of empirical support for Lewis's reconceptualization, which downplays the objective content of eliciting events and instead highlights differences in the individual's interpretation of the role of the self in shame and guilt situations. Consistent with Lewis, a range of studies confirm that distinct phenomenological experiences are associated with shame's focus on the self, and guilt's focus on specific behaviors. This research also indicates that shame and guilt typically lead to very different motivations in interpersonal contexts, with guilt on balance emerging as the more adaptive response to transgressions.
In Defense of Color Realism

In this article, I argue that popular explanatory frameworks in perceptual psychology suggest the truth of color realism. I focus on perceptual judgments and their evidential basis: namely perceptual representation. I first draw a distinction between two sorts of normativities with respect to which we can evaluate representational capacities and systems: biological and psychological normativities. The former is defined in terms of evolutionary fitness, and the latter in terms of representational accuracy. Generally, representational systems achieve psychological and biological success (i.e., facilitate survival and reproduction and accurately represent the world) hand in hand, but in special circumstances, a representational system can be such that it serves the organism best while not generally furnishing the organism with accurate representations. I argue in this essay that an explanation how and why our ancestors developed color vision that cleaves its biological success conditions from its psychological success conditions cannot be given unless we are prepared to say the same about the visual perception of distance and other geometrical features of the world. Moreover, it is difficult to see how the anti-realist could begin to specify psychological success conditions for color representations. Hence, we ought to accept the biological utility of color vision as evidence that it is typically representationally successful, and regard our perceptual judgments about color as generally true.
Low-Level, but High Speed?: Assessing Pretrial Detention Effects on the Timing and Content of Misdemeanor versus Felony Guilty Pleas

While numerous studies have examined pretrial detention and felony case outcomes, little empirical attention has been devoted to misdemeanor pretrial detention. We theorize that misdemeanants detai...
Hearing Rehabilitation Implementing a Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Device: Single-Center Experience.

Bone conduction implants based on percutaneous abutment acoustic transmission have been implemented in patients with satisfactory outcomes. However, adverse soft tissue outcomes present a limitatio...
Modelling the influence of invasive mussels on phosphorus cycling in Lake Michigan

Abstract Invasive dreissenid mussels have successfully established dense population at nearshore and mid-depth regions, and significantly altered the ecosystem and food web dynamics in Lake Michigan. In this work, we used a high-resolution hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model to evaluate how these extensively colonized benthic mussels will affect the dynamics of phosphorus cycling in Lake Michigan. Model results demonstrated the important role of mussels in re-engineering of phosphorus cycling, with their filtering and excretion activities causing increasing lake-wide ratio of dissolved (DP) and particulate (PP) phosphorus. The diffusive flux at the bottom of mid-depth site was significantly enhanced compared to the sedimentation due to the benthic mussels, with an average effective flux 12.1 times greater than the passive setting, which was consistent with the field observations. Nearshore-offshore phosphorus transport displayed substantial spatial and temporal variabilities, and the nearshore was identified as an overall source/sink of PP/DP to the offshore region. The simulation results with mussels revealed that the mussel could effectively reduce the PP transport to the offshore region, potentially risking the pelagic fish abundance. This study provides key quantitative estimates for the impact of benthic mussels on vertical PP delivery and lake-wide nearshore offshore phosphorus transport, and could inform potential ecosystem management strategies of Lake Michigan and other dreissenid mussel invaded lakes.
Puerto Rico under the colonial gaze: Oppression, resistance and the myth of the nationalist enemy

This paper argues that the United States’ occupation of Puerto Rico is a colonial state of exception. By examining the case of Downes v. Bidwell, I demonstrate the role that race played in the establishment of the state of exception. This unprecedented legal situation and the United States’ inequitable policies toward the island led to the emergence and growth of the Partido Nacionalista de Puerto Rico. The movement posed such a threat to U.S. hegemony on the island that the U.S. government unleashed a campaign of violent repression against the Party and its leader, Pedro Albizu Campos. Such repression too had a racialized dynamic that worked to mythologize and flatten Albizu Campos into an angry black man. This repression and violence could occur on the island because of the existence of a colonial state of exception where the usual operation of law did not exist.
Confucianism and cosmopolitanism

This essay investigates the Confucian cosmopolitan aspiration. First, it examines the nature of cosmopolitanism and its distinction from universalism. It demonstrates that cosmopolitanism is a phil...
Left Atrial End-Diastolic Volume Index as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Heart and Soul Study.

Background: The left atrial end-systolic volume index (LAESVI) is a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and is the recommended measurement of left atrial size. The left atrial end-diastolic volume...