cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vuelos traumáticos, padres imaginarios y burguesía neurótica

La pelicula Relatos salvajes de Damian Szifron ha marcado la historia del cine argentino desde el dia de su estreno, y no solo porque ofrece una mirada intima hacia un fondo agresivo de una cultura que auto-reprimio sus traumas sino tambien porque todas las culturas occidentales encuentran en esta coleccion de relatos anecdoticos un reflejo etico de sus propias heridas. El hecho de que el director espanol Pedro Almodovar quisiera producir la obra del joven argentino habla mucho sobre la necesidad de usar el septimo arte como terapia de choque donde el publico se enfrenta con su naturaleza salvaje y primitiva (el Id freudiano), escondida en su profundo interior por siglos de represion acumulada. Este articulo se concentra en la figura del padre imaginario, definida por el psicoanalista frances Jacques Lacan, para explorar como se encadenan los capitulos de la pelicula en su afan de presentar los traumas culturales, sus causas historicas e individuales, y la neurosis que se concentra alrededor de la clase burguesa que determina en Argentina – como en la mayoria del Occidente – el comportamiento social. Asimismo, y siguiendo el pensamiento teorico del filosofo esloveno Slavoj Žižek, se observara como en cada corto que compone Relatos salvajes se descomponen los sintomas eticos de una sociedad consciente de sus comportamientos neuroticos hasta reconocer que la explosion comica de sus lados salvajes es la terapia mas eficaz que le pueda ofrecer el cine.
Reconfigurable multicore architecture for dynamic processor reallocation

One of the challenges of multicore design is providing data quickly to all the processor cores running on a system. Recent proposals of hybrid and reconfigurable interconnect architectures try to take advantage of data locality to a certain extent by grouping processors that work on the same data. In this paper, we propose migrating processors instead of data to take advantage of data locality. This is realized by implementing a reconfigurable interconnect that allows reassignment of processor cores to different routers at runtime. We present the proposed architecture in detail, show a segmented hardware implementation of the proposed architecture, and discuss experimental results using PARSEC benchmark showing the performance gains of the proposed architecture. Our results show a gain in average L2 access time of up to 24% when implementing the proposed architecture compared to a hybrid architecture without reconfiguration. Finally we present area and performance data based on a detailed Verilog model and synthesis of the proposed architecture.
The Role of Crisis Centers in Defining and Reporting Child Abuse

The authors explore the role that crisis centers can play in detecting and reporting child abuse. The findings suggest that although the percentage of calls to crisis centers on child-abuse concern...
Unraveling the mortal coil: death and stories of play

The current conversation on death in digital games focuses on the split between screen death and narrative death. At the same time, players telling stories about games often have nuanced conversations regarding the term. The result is a discussion around death in games that could be clearer. In this paper, I will untangle the various ways that players use this term 'death' in their own accounts of play. Using one hundred player stories drawn from the Skyrim user community as a test case, this discussion demonstrates ways that players explore death in their own reflective storytelling regarding play.
User Experience (UX) Capacity-Building: A Conceptual Model and Research Agenda

Many User Experience (UX) practitioners face organizational barriers that limit their ability to influence product decisions. Unfortunately, there is little concrete knowledge about how to systematically overcome these barriers to optimize UX work and foster a stronger organizational UX culture. This paper introduces the concept of User Experience Capacity-Building (UXCB) to describe the process of building, strengthening, and sustaining effective UX practices throughout an organization. Through an integrated literature review of relevant HCI and capacity-building research, this paper defines UXCB and proposes a conceptual model that outlines the conditions, strategies, and outcomes that define a UXCB initiative. Five areas of future research are presented that aim to deepen our understanding of UXCB as both a practice and an area of scholarship.
Environmental Justice in the US and Beyond: Frameworks, Evidence, and Social Action

Environmental benefits and risks are not distributed equally. All around the world, marginalized social groups are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards that significantly degrade their health, limit their socioeconomic opportunities, and reinforce their marginal social positions. While many solutions have been proposed to rectify these dynamics, none have been as influential as Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice, or EJ, is both a body of research and a social movement that seeks to identify environmental discrimination, draw attention to it, and work through a number of political and community channels to restore equitability when necessary. In this sense, EJ plays a vital role in improving the environmental experiences for the world’s most vulnerable social groups. This chapter discusses theoretical and conceptual foundations of EJ and related concepts, discoveries resulting from EJ-oriented studies in the US and other world regions, new fields relying on EJ methodologies, and both the global and local implications of working toward EJ. While no chapter can fully summarize the entire body of EJ research, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview that emphasizes the vital role that EJ plays in restoring justice and equity for those who need it most.
G-quadruplexes offer a conserved structural motif for NONO recruitment to NEAT1 architectural lncRNA

The long non-coding RNA NEAT1 serves as a scaffold for the assembly of paraspeckles, membraneless nuclear organelles involved in gene regulation. Paraspeckle assembly requires NEAT1 recruitment of the RNA-binding protein NONO, however the NEAT1 elements responsible for recruitment are unknown. Herein we present evidence that previously unrecognized structural features of NEAT1 serve an important role in these interactions. Led by the initial observation that NONO preferentially binds the G-quadruplex conformation of G-rich C9orf72 repeat RNA, we find that G-quadruplex motifs are abundant and conserved features of NEAT1. Furthermore, we determine that NONO binds NEAT1 G-quadruplexes with structural specificity and provide evidence that G-quadruplex motifs mediate NONO-NEAT1 association, with NONO binding sites on NEAT1 corresponding largely to G-quadruplex motifs, and treatment with a G-quadruplex-disrupting small molecule causing dissociation of native NONO-NEAT1 complexes. Together, these findings position G-quadruplexes as a primary candidate for the NONO-recruiting elements of NEAT1 and provide a framework for further investigation into the role of G-quadruplexes in paraspeckle formation and function.
Kosior, Becoming a Queen in Early Modern Europe: East and West (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019)

Review of Katarzyna Kosior, Becoming a Queen in Early Modern Europe: East and West (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).
Erratum: Anxiety sensitivity and PTSD among female victims of intimate partner violence

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Depression and Anxiety (2002) 16(2) 77–83
Synthesis and evaluation of [11C]NNC 63-0532, a radiolabeled agonist for the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor

1111 Objectives Mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are largely unparalleled in their ability to produce analgesia. However, the serious side effects produced by MOR agonists severely limit their clinical efficacy. Recent work has characterized the pharmacological profile of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor as a novel therapeutic target for antinociception in rhesus monkeys (Woods et al., Psychopharmacol. 2011). Thus, we and our collaborators have significant interest in correlating our analgesia findings to the NOP system using PET imaging. [11C]NOP-1A (Pike et al., J. Med. Chem., 2011) and [18F]MK-0911 (Hostetler et al., Neuroimage, 2013) are radiotracers that are NOP antagonists, and our progress working with the former is also reported at this meeting. However, as agonists are thought to be easier to displace with endogenous ligands, the aim of this research is synthesis and evaluation of a radiolabeled NOP agonist to support our NOP investigations. Methods NNC 63-0532 (Thomsen, Br. J. Pharmacol., 2000) has high affinity for the NOP receptor (Ki=7.3 nM), is a confirmed NOP agonist (EC50=305 nM), and has a methyl ester amenable to radiolabeling with carbon-11. We subjected the commercially available carboxylic acid precursor to [11C]methyl triflate, followed by purification using semi-prep. HPLC and subsequent reformulation. MicroPET imaging was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate imaging properties of the new radiotracer using a MicroPET R4 scanner (0.5 mCi injection, 12 x 5 min frames). Results Radiochemical yield (RCY) of [11C]NNC 63-0532 = 150-185 mCi at end-of-synthesis (20-25% non-corrected RCY based upon 750 mCi of [11C]MeI, n=3); radiochemical purity >90%; specific activity = 9542 Ci/mmol. [11C]NNC 63-0532 rapidly entered the rodent brain (peak SUV=0.92 within 10 min) followed by rapid clearance from grey matter regions. Conclusions [11C]NNC 63-0532 was synthesized in high RCY, and has imaging properties that suggest it may be a useful tool for studying the NOP receptor. Research Support Financial support of this work from the University of Michigan Energy Institute (the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project), and the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy is gratefully acknowledged.
Focusing on Mathematical Structure and Sensemaking in Courses for Future Teachers

This chapter discusses and explains features of mathematics courses for future teachers that were designed to treat the interrelated topics of multiplication, division, fractions, ratio, and proportional relationships in a coherent way, while also drawing on future teachers’ own sensemaking abilities. The courses developed topics in a logically consistent and connected way by relying on measurement-based definitions for numbers and multiplication, and thus promoted seeing multiplicative situations in the world in terms of a mathematical structure that applies across types of situations and types of numbers. This approach reflects a “making-sense” stance, in which experts organize a domain to foreground mathematical structure. The courses integrated a making-sense stance with a “sensemaking” stance, in which teachers and students use their own powers to reason, solve problems, and communicate about quantities in the world. The chapter provides illustrative examples of future teachers’ sound reasoning for topics that in past research have been consistently difficult for future and in-service teachers. The chapter also discusses cases that remained difficult for future teachers even after instruction.
Isoform-specific dysregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in a non-human primate model of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a molecular sensor that is critical for the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis, disruption of which has been indicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mammalian AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex and its enzymatic α subunit exists in two isoforms: AMPKα1 and AMPKα2. Here we took advantage of a recently characterized non-human primate (NHP) model with sporadic AD-like neuropathology to explore potential relationships between AMPK signaling and AD-like neuropathology. Subjects were nine female vervet monkeys aged 19.5 to 23.4 years old. Subjects were classified into three groups, control lacking AD pathology (n = 3), moderate AD pathology (n = 3), and more severe AD Pathology (n = 3). We found increased activity (assessed by phosphorylation) of AMPKα2 in hippocampi of NHP with AD-like neuropathology, compared to the subjects without AD pathology, with no alterations of AMPKα1 activity. Across all subjects, CSF Abeta42 was inversely associated with cerebral amyloid plaque density. Further, Aβ plaque burden is correlated with levels of either soluble or insoluble brain Aβ measurement. Unbiased mass spectrometry based proteomics studies combined with bioinformatics analysis revealed that many of the dysregulated proteins characteristic of AD neuropathology are associated with AMPK signaling. Our findings on the AMPK molecular signaling cascades provide further support for use of the NHP model to investigate new therapeutic strategies and development of novel biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
Hydroxyapatite as a scavenger of reactive radiolysis species in graphene liquid cells for in situ electron microscopy

Liquid cell electron microscopy is an imaging technique allowing for the investigation of the interaction of liquids and solids at nanoscopic length scales. Suchin situobservations are increasingly in-demand in an array of fields, from biological sciences to medicine to batteries. Graphene liquid cells (GLCs), in particular, have generated a great interest as a low-scattering window material with the potential for increasing the quality of both imaging and spectroscopy. However, preserving the stability of the liquid and of the sample in the GLC remains a considerable challenge. In the present work we encapsulate water and hydroxyapatite (HAP), a pH-sensitive biological material, in GLCs to observe the interactions between the graphene, HAP, and the electron beam. HAP was chosen for several reasons. One is its ubiquity in biological specimens such as bones and teeth, and the second is the presence of phosphate ions in common buffer solutions. Finally, there is its sensitivity to changes in pH, which result from beam-induced hydrolysis in liquid cells. A dynamic process of dissolution and recrystallization of HAP was observed, which correlated with the production of H+ions by the beam during imaging. In addition, a large increase in the stability of the GLC under irradiation was noted. Specifically, no stable hydrogen bubbles were detected under the electron fluxes routinely exceeding 170 e-A-2s-1. With the measured threshold dose for the bubble formation in pure water equaling 9 e-A-2s-1, it was concluded that the presence of HAP increases the resistance of water against radiolysis in the GLC by more than an order of magnitude. These results confirm the possibility of using biological materials, such as HAP, as stabilizers in liquid cell electron microscopy. They outline a potential route for stabilization of specimens in liquid cells through the addition of a scavenger of reactive species generated by the beam-induced hydrolysis of water. These improvements are essential for enhancing both the resolution of imaging and the available imaging time, as well as avoiding the beam-induced artifacts.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic & Telehealth Implementation in a Student Run Free Clinic.

Student run free clinics (SRFCs) fill a void in healthcare access for many communities and have been subject to unprecedented shifts in care delivery brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our single-center institution serving uninsured patients in central Missouri switched from in-person visits to strictly telehealth visits with the onset of the pandemic. This study investigated the impact of the pandemic and the switch to telehealth on the clinic return rates by ethnicity, race, gender, rurality, and age. The pandemic led to a 47.4% reduction in the number of monthly patient encounters. Of the established SRFC population (N = 309), only 87 patients (28.2%) returned for a telehealth visit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older patients (≥ 45 years old) were more likely to return (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.02–2.85) for care via telehealth after the onset of the pandemic than younger patients (< 45 years old). No differences in the likelihood of returning for a telehealth visit were identified by race, ethnicity, gender, or rurality. Telehealth offers an effective solution to the complex problems faced by SRFCs during the COVID-19 pandemic and has not added barriers to care with regards to race, ethnicity, gender, or rurality at our SRFC.
Regulation of EGFR signalling by palmitoylation and its role in tumorigenesis.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an essential driver of oncogenic signalling, and EGFR inhibitors are some of the earliest examples of successful targeted therapies in multiple types ...
Gaussian Binomial Coefficients at Roots of 1

34.1.1. Let l be an integer ≥ 1. In this chapter we assume that the A-algebra R, with \(\phi :A \to R\) and with \({\rm{v}} = \phi (\upsilon )\), is such that R is an integral domain and the following hold
Properties and Averaged Equations for Flows of Bubbly Liquids

Averaged properties of bubbly liquids in the limit of large Reynolds and small Weber numbers are determined as functions of the volume fraction, mean relative velocity, and velocity variance of the bubbles using numerical simulations and a pair interaction theory. The results of simulations are combined with those obtained recently for sheared bubbly liquids [19] and the mixture momentum and continuity equations to propose a complete set of averaged equations and closure relations for the flows of bubbly liquids at large Reynolds and small Weber numbers.
Beyond Learner-Centered Practice: Adult Education, Power, and Society.

At the heart of practice in most conceptions of adult education is the adult learner whose needs for learning, once uncovered, can be met through the effective design of educational programs. There has been increasing dissatisfaction with this view of practice, however, as adult education has moved to a central position in the constitution of social, cultural, and economic life. Learner-centeredness is a naive position that does not come close to approximating the political and ethical dilemmas nor the contradictions and the possibilities for action in this new situation for adult education. In place of learner-centeredness we suggest that adult education in the next millennium must be seen as a struggle for the distribution of knowledge and power in society. At the heart of practice, then, should be a vision linking adult education, power, and society. Resume La plupart des conceptions andragogiques placent l'apprenant au centre de leur preoccupation pratique. Elles considerent que les besoins d'apprentissage de celui-ci, une fois identifies, peuvent etre rencontres grace au design de programmes educatifs. Or, cette conception s'est butee a une insatisfaction croissante alors que la pratique andragogique s'etablissait au cœur la vie sociale, culturelle et economique. La notion d'intervention centree sur l'apprenant est naive et ne rend pas compte des dilemmes politiques et ethiques, ni des contradictions et des possibilites d'action dans le nouveau contexte. A l'aube du nouveau millenaire, nous suggerons plutot une representation de l'andragogie qui etaye la lutte pour une distribution equitable du savoir et dupouvoir dans la societe. La pratique devient alors tributaire d'une vision liant andragogie, pouvoir et societe.
Compression in a printer pipeline

The role of data compression within a printer pipeline is studied. Hardcopy image compression poses a unique challenge due to the presence of halftoned data used to render continuous tone images on limited resolution devices. We present a quantitative comparison of the compressibility of several halftone patterns. The performance of a variety of lossless and lossy compression algorithms is evaluated. We also address the effect that certain image processing operations, like scaling and enhancement, have on the compression performance.
ORBIT testbed software architecture: supporting experiments as a service

This paper presents the software architecture of the ORBIT radio grid testbed. We describe the requirements for supporting the lifecycle of an experiment and how they influenced the overall design of the architecture. We specifically highlight those components and services which will be visible to a user of the ORBIT testbed.
Curriculum Analysis Tools (CATs): a cooperative approach to the design of curriculum databases.

Abstract In 1990, a small group of dental schools agreed to pool their resources and cooperate in the design and programming of curriculum analysis software. After two and one half years, the consortium which was formed has grown to include over 50 institutions. Its efforts have been endorsed by the American Association of Dental Schools and it is now beta testing its first software product, known as CATs, which is an acronym for Curriculum Analysis Tools. The process by which the software has been developed, as well as its current design, offers a unique blend of flexibility and creativity which could perhaps be adopted by other health professions.
Coagulation Protein Function: Enhancement of the Anticoagulant Effect of Acetaldehyde by Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans

In view of the increased anticoagulant effect of acetaldehyde-treated heparin, other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as chondroitin sulfates A and C, dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B), heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid were tested for anticoagulant activity before and after exposure to acetaldehyde. Clotting times of human plasma Ci-Trol coagulation control, level I (Baxter Healthcare Corp.), were tested in the presence of 1.8, 3.0, 3.6, or 4.5 μg heparin (0.32, 0.54, 0.64, 0.81 units heparin). Additionally, 9, 27, or 90 μg of chondroitin sulfates A, B, or C was utilized in lieu of heparin. The effects of 2 μg heparin (0.36 units), chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C, (20 μg each), 2 μg heparan sulfate, and 2 μg hyaluronic acid, respectively, in the presence of 44.7 mM acetaldehyde on the clotting time of plasma were studied. It was observed that chondroitin sulfate B (dermatan sulfate) prolonged the clotting time of plasma, although to a lesser extent than heparin. Chondroitin sulfates A and C, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid did not prolong clotting time. However, pretreatment of all the sulfated GAGs with acetaldehyde gave products that enhanced the anticoagulant effect of acetaldehyde, notwithstanding the lack of anticoagulant effect of the GAGs. In contrast, hyaluronic acid exhibited no effect upon clotting time nor did its acetaldehyde-treated product. Furthermore, ethanol exhibited no effect upon the clotting times of the GAG–plasma mixtures. These results suggest that sulfated GAGs may be modified by acetaldehyde, a component of plasma in chronic alcoholics, and that the resultant products may contribute to the prolonged clotting times.
Individual Differences in Heavy Work Endurance at 60, 70 and 84 RPM Ergometer Pedal Speeds

Abstract In order to develop a more effective method for measuring individual differences in heavy work endurance, quantitatively corrected for the inflation of apparent reliability caused by differences in body size, data were secured on 78 college males. All started at an initial work rate of 1650 kpm/min on a bicycle ergometer, and endeavored to maintain this rate as best they could during the entire 12 min of work. One group of 26 performed at an initial rate of 60, another at 70, and the third at 84 pedal rpm. All were retested one week later. Body weight correlated r = .54 with endurance, so its effect was removed by the W-score technique. Net individual differences rose progressively from the first few minutes to a plateau at about min 7; they were greatest for the 84 and least for the 60 rpm condition, and were greater for min-by-min cumulated work scores, while drop-offs and time to designated drop-off gave irregular results. Individual differences could have been measured nearly as well with an ...
Theory of domain walls in ordered structures—III: Effect of substitutional deviations from stoichiometry

Abstract The structure of an equilibrium {100} domain wall between two antiphase domains of a b.c.c. binary ordered alloy of non-stoichiometric composition is investigated by minimizing the appropriate free energy in the inhomogeneous system using the Bragg-Williams and the pair approximations. Thermodynamic self-consistency requirements, similar to the Gibbs adsorption equation for interfaces, are derived and proved to hold for either approximation. The surface free energy is zero at T = 0°K, goes through a maximum as T increases and comes back to zero again at the order-disorder transition temperature. The chemical potential and the surface excess values of free energy, energy, entropy and amount of each species are given as a function of temperature and composition.
Combine Cleanout for Identity-Preserved Grain Production

Introduction Not all corn and soybeans are produced as bulk commodities. Some end-use customers such as processors of low-linolenic soybean oil, organic growers, and seed producers desire products with extremely low amounts or no commingled grain from other varieties or crops. Multiple sources of contamination from residual grain within on-farm equipment are possible, but the combine has the greatest number and size of cavities to harbor grain even after the unloading auger has emptied the grain tank.
Commercial Vehicle Operations and Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems

The productivity, safety and regulation of all commercial vehicle operations (trucks, transit emergency response) will benefit through the application of Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) technologies. The public will benefit from these activities in areas such as environmental improvements, quality of travel, lower transportation costs and improved highway safety. A significant amount of research and development has already been completed, with operational tests of the technologies about to begin. Widespread deployment hinges on successful problem resolution in three areas (1) driver privacy, (2) technological development of Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) and on-board data management, including transponder and radio signal transmission standards, and (3) successful Crescent demonstration project. Those IVHS aspects offering direct benefit to carriers are already being phased in. Full benefit to all parties can only result from public agencies adopting the program of system deployment set forth in the program milestones. The goal is a widespread instrumented network is by 2005.
Deformable diffraction grating for scanning microinterferometer arrays

A micro grating interferometer has been fabricated to use in measuring the dynamic performance of MEMS devices. The system uses a phase sensitive diffraction grating for interferometric axial resolution and a microfabricated lens for improved lateral response. Early experimental results using a non-deformable grating interferometer show that both the transient and steady state vibration of MEMS devices can be measured and mapped using the micro interferometer. These initial results also reveal vibrational noise and sample alignment problems. To avoid these obstacles and to maximize the sensitivity of the interferometer, a PID control unit is introduced. Analysis has been performed on the interferometer system to improve the controller design. A deformable grating interferometer has also been fabricated using microfabrication techniques and tested to show proper range of actuation under DC bias. This grating also demonstrates the ability to maintain a high sensitivity during operation.
Two genetic factors in manic-depressive disease.

Abstract In the families of 61 manic probands the finding of an increased number of ill maternal relatives over ill paternal relatives suggests that one genetic factor in manic depressive disease is an X-linked dominant one. This finding supports previous clinical and linkage research which has indicated that an X-linked dominant gene is implicated in the transmission of manic depressive disease. Alcoholism is frequently seen in these families but evolves independently of affective disorder. It is posible that alcoholism is one of the ways in which a second genetic factor expresses itself. The X-linked dominant factor may be the disease factor itself. A number of affectively iol family members of manic probands suffer from depression only. The second factor may be responsible for the presence of mania in the other affectively ill family members. Alcoholism may be one way in which such a second factor may manifest itself in the absence of the primary X-linked dominant contribution.
PIV measurements of a shock-accelerated fluid instability

A varicose-profile, thin layer of heavy gas (SF6) in lighter gas (air) is impulsively accelerated by a planar, Mach 1.2 shock, producing Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. We present the first measurements of the circulation in the curtain during the vortex-dominated, nonlinear stage of the instability evolution. These measurements, based on particle image velocimetry data, are employed to validate an idealized model of the nonlinear perturbation growth.
Dynamic tensile characterization of pig skin

The strain-rate dependent response of porcine skin oriented in the fiber direction is explored under tensile loading. Quasi-static response was obtained at strain rates in the range of 10−3 s−1 to 25 s−1. Characterization of the response at even greater strain rates is accomplished by measuring the spatio-temporal evolution of the particle velocity and strain in a thin strip subjected to high speed impact loading that generates uniaxial stress conditions. These experiments indicate the formation of shock waves; the shock Hugoniot that relates particle velocity to the shock velocity and the dynamic stress to dynamic strain is obtained directly through experimental measurements, without any assumptions regarding the constitutive properties of the material.
Feulgen stain stability in relation to three mounting media and exposure to light

Fading of Feulgen-stained rat liver nuclei was studied with sections mounted in Eukitt, Clearmount, and Permount, each under conditions of light and dark storage. Repeated microdensitometric measurements were made on selected nuclei over a 160 day post-staining period. In all three media the stain faded significantly when exposed to daily laboratory lighting, but faded least in Eukitt. Slides stored in darkness faded less than those exposed to light but, again, Eukitt-mounted preparations showed the least fading. Eukitt's low refractive index, however, imparts a high refractility to the cytoplasm which may be undesirable for scanning microdensitometry, and its apparently long stabilizing period may be disadvantageous if care is not taken to measure slides at comparable times during the period following mounting.
Thyroid Hemiagenesis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Objectives Our objective was to report an incidental finding of thyroid hemiagenesis in a patient who presented with a left neck mass, present a review of literature, and to discuss management of this diagnosis. Study design Case report and review of literature. Methods An internet-based literature search was performed via Pubmed with key words, "hemithyroid agenesis, thyroid hemiagenesis, absent thyroid gland". Clinical, pathological, radiologic data and follow up information is reported. Results A 55 year old woman with a left neck mass presented to our service. A diagnostic CT scan of the head and neck revealed an unrelated finding of an absent left thyroid lobe. A review of the CT imaging did not reveal ectopic thyroid tissue. A complete physical examination including a flexible laryngoscopy was unremarkable. The neck mass was pathologically a granulomatous lesion on surgical pathology. Thyroid function tests were within normal limits. In follow-up, patient remains asymptomatic. Conclusion Hemithyroid agenesis is most commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, although, hypothyroidism has been reported. Pathology that can be associated in the remnant thyroid lobe includes adenocarcinoma, adenoma, multinodular goiter, and chronic thyroiditis. In counseling patients, it is important to educate them regarding these associated conditions and offer appropriate work up if indicated. Incidental thyroid agenesis with a negative work up can then be observed.
Low energy light induced DNA photocleavage with a bis-ruthenated porphyrin

When the new porphyrin 5,15-(4-pyridyl)-10,20-(4-trifluoromehtylphenyl)porphyrin is reacted with two equivalents of Ru(bipy)2Cl2 (where bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) formation of the target ruthenated porphyrin is achieved with 57% yield. Strong electronic transitions are observed in the visible region of the spectrum associated with the porphyrins Soret and four Q-bands. A shoulder at slightly higher energy than the Soret band is attributed to the Ru(dπ) to bipy(π∗) metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band. The bipyridyl π to π∗ transition occurs at 295 nm. Cyclic voltammetry experiments of the porphyrin indicate porphyrin centered reductions in the cathodic direction with no noticeable oxidation process within the window scanned. The ruthenated porphyrin shows the characteristic quasireversible redox couple in the anodic region indicative of oxidation of Ru(II) to Ru(III). A single redox couple for Ru(III/II) indicates no electronic interaction between the ruthenium moieties. DNA titrations using calf thymus (CT) DNA and the ruthenium porphyrin give an unusually large binding constant Kb = (1.1 ± 0.7) × 106 M−1 indicating a strong interaction between complex and DNA. When aqueous solutions of supercoiled DNA and ruthenium porphyrin are irradiated with visible light (energy lower than 550 nm) complete nicking of the DNA is observed.
A penalty-free approach to wavelength stabilization of high power diode lasers from 900 nm to 1900 nm

Several laser gain materials (such as Nd, Yb, Er, and Ho) exist which can be pumped with low quantum defect with diode pumps operating at wavelengths close to the laser transition1,2. The corresponding absorption features can be narrow, placing ever-tighter constraints on the spectral performance of the diode pump. This is because efficient laser systems requiring uniform absorption of the pump light need the diode source to be well-matched (in terms of spectral width and spectral position) to the absorption feature.
Learning to Attend Selectively The Dual Role of Intersensory Redundancy

Selective attention is the gateway to perceptual processing, learning, and memory and is a skill honed through extensive experience. However, little research has focused on how selective attention develops. Here, we synthesize established and new findings from studies assessing the central role of redundancy across the senses in guiding and constraining this process in infancy and early childhood. We highlight research demonstrating the dual role of intersensory redundancy—its facilitating and interfering effects—in the detection and perceptual processing of various properties of objects and events.
A Systematic Proteomic Study of Seed Filling in Soybean. Establishment of High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Reference Maps, Expression Profiles, and an Interactive Proteome Database

A high-throughput proteomic approach was employed to determine the expression profile and identity of hundreds of proteins during seed filling in soybean (Glycine max) cv Maverick. Soybean seed proteins were analyzed at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after flowering using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This led to the establishment of high-resolution proteome reference maps, expression profiles of 679 spots, and corresponding matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry spectra for each spot. Database searching with these spectra resulted in the identification of 422 proteins representing 216 nonredundant proteins. These proteins were classified into 14 major functional categories. Proteins involved in metabolism, protein destination and storage, metabolite transport, and disease/defense were the most abundant. For each functional category, a composite expression profile is presented to gain insight into legume seed physiology and the general regulation of proteins associated with each functional class. Using this approach, an overall decrease in metabolism-related proteins versus an increase in proteins associated with destination and storage was observed during seed filling. The accumulation of unknown proteins, sucrose transport and cleavage enzymes, cysteine and methionine biosynthesis enzymes, 14-3-3-like proteins, lipoxygenases, storage proteins, and allergenic proteins during seed filling is also discussed. A user-intuitive database (http://oilseedproteomics.missouri.edu) was developed to access these data for soybean and other oilseeds currently being investigated.
Comparison of the reactivity of the three distonic isomers of the pyridine radical cation toward tetrahydrofuran in solution and in the gas phase.

The reactivity of the three distonic isomers of the pyridine radical cation toward tetrahydrofuran is compared in solution and in the gas phase. In solution, the distonic ions were generated by UV photolysis at 300 nm from iodo-precursors in acidic 50:50 tetrahydrofuran/water solutions. In the gas phase, the ions were generated by collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of protonated iodo-precursors in an FT-ICR mass spectrometer, as described in the literature. The same major reaction, hydrogen atom abstraction, was observed in solution and in the gas phase. Attempts to cleave the iodine atom from the 2-iodopyridinium cation in the gas phase and in solution yielded the 2-pyridyl cation in addition to the desired 2-dehydropyridinium cation. In the gas phase, this ion was ejected prior to the examination of the desired ion’s chemical properties. This was not possible in solution. This study suggests that solvation effects are not significant for radical reactions of charged radicals. On the other hand, the even-electron ion studied, the 2-pyridyl cation, shows substantial solvation effects. For example, in solution, the 2-pyridyl cation forms a stable adduct with tetrahydrofuran, whereas in the gas phase, only addition/elimination reactions were observed.
The histone-like basic protein of bovine spermatozoa.

Abstract 1. 1. A study was made of the general nature of the basic protein of bovine spermatozoa. Simultaneously, a collative study with calf thymus nuclear histone, salmon spermatozoan protamine and the basic protein of immature bovine spermatozoa was undertaken. 2. 2. A method was developed for the isolation of a basic protein from bovine spermatozoa, utilizing preliminary high-speed homogenization with micro glass beads, extraction with dilute acids and ammonia precipitation. Results of isolation procedures gave preliminary indications of a histone-like nature. 3. 3. Two-dimensional paper chromatographic analyses of the protein hydrolysates as well as gross electrophoretic and electrochromatographic patterns gave supporting evidence of a qualitative histone similarity. Electrochromatographic separations and quantitative determinations of acidic: neutral: basic amino acid ratios indicated a strong similarity between calf-thymus histone and mature bovine spermatozoan basic protein and a gross difference of these proteins from salmon spermatozoan protamine. 4. 4. Gross electrophoretic and electrochromatographic patterns indicated the spermatozoan histones to be more heterogeneous than calf-thymus histone or salmon spermatozoan protamine. 5. 5. The significance of these findings and their possible application to hypothetical explanations of histone development and function are discussed. It appears that the histone in spermatozoa may reflect, to some degree, the complexity of the nucleic acid to which it is attached. 6. 6. Results indicate that the protein of immature bovine spermatozoa from which the histone-like protein of mature spermatozoa apparently arises, is more complex. Hence, one effect of spermatozoan maturation may be a simplification of spermatozoan proteins.
The “Meaning of History” and the Writing of History *

Since the outbreak of the Second World War we have witnessed what may best be described as a “Renaissance of Christian Thought.” Christian belief is more respectable among intellectuals than it was a generation ago. Philosophers, novelists, and poets who present the case for Christianity are widely read and taken seriously even by fellow-intellectuals who do not share their beliefs. Among the Christian intelligentsia there has been a striking rebirth of theology, and Christian theologians are read more widely outside clerical circles than they have been for perhaps a hundred years. The names of Barth, Brunner, Nygren. Maritain, Tillich, and Niebuhr are known at least vaguely to the same sort of people who could not have named a single theologian a generation ago. Both the quality and range of the revival are impressive. Christianity appears to be attracting first-rate minds, and Christian speculation is ranging all the way from social and political theory to ethics, philosophy, and history.
Binding reversibility and surface exchange of Thermomonospora fusca E3 and E5 and Trichoderma reesei CBHI

Abstract The sorption of Thermomonospora fusca E 3 and E 5 and Trichoderma reesei CBHI cellulases on bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) was investigated to measure binding reversibility and surface exchange. The adsorption and desorption curves for CBHI were comparable; this suggests a totally reversible binding process. By contrast, the desorption isotherms of E 3 and E 5 did not retrace their respective adsorption curves; instead, hysteresis loops were formed. The calculated percent reversibilities for E 3 , E 5 , and CBHI were 73 ± 7%, 80 ± 7%, and 95 ± 7%, respectively. Surface exchange studies indicated that the adsorbed and free cellulases were exchanging at the cellulose surface. Despite this confirmation of molecular exchange, the extent of exchange did not reach the level that would be predicted if the preadsorbed cellulase were to equally redistribute between the free and bound states. The percent of exchange for E 3 and E 5 decreased with increasing initial total cellulase concentration (E t ) while that for CBHI showed no dependence on E t .
Reduction of estrogenic activity of municipal wastewater by aerated lagoon treatment facilities.

The estrogenic activity of municipal wastewater in aerated lagoon treatment facilities was evaluated using plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (Vtg) in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Caged fathead minnows were exposed for 10 to 12 d in three lagoons that are connected in series at each of 10 municipal wastewater treatment facilities in central Iowa. USA, during October and November 2000. Fathead minnows held in the laboratory served as unexposed controls. Pooled (n = 4–10 fish) plasma Vtg, quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was 1,702 ± 670 (mean ± standard error [SE]) μg/ml in the first lagoons (n = 9), 0.94 ± 0.36 μg/ml in the second lagoons (n = 10), and 0.04 ± 0.02 μg/ml in the third lagoons (n = 8). Differences in mean fish plasma Vtg concentration among lagoons were highly significant (p < 0.001). The mean concentration of plasma Vtg in fish in the third lagoons was not significantly different (p = 0.990) from that of the control fish (0.04 ± 0.02 μg/ml). Plasma Vtg concentrations of fish in the first lagoons were inversely correlated with wastewater retention time in the lagoons (p = 0.002, r = −0.877). Water temperatures of the final effluents during the study ranged from 9 to 12°C General treatment efficiency of lagoons has been shown to be dependent on temperature, so the potential exists for decreased removal of estrogenic activity when water temperatures are lower (e.g., winter months) than the present study. In conclusion, wastewater entering aerated lagoon systems was estrogenic to fish, but with serial passage through the lagoons, the estrogenic activity decreased to a level that was not sufficient to induce vitellogenesis in male fathead minnows in a 10- to 12-d exposure.
The roles of embedded monitoring requests and questions in improving mental models of computer-based scientific text

Prior research has shown that people are likely to skim information presented digitally with the resultant deleterious effect on accurate mental models of the text. Teaching monitoring strategies and presenting text with adjunct questions are effective strategies for improving the mental models of readers of scientific text, but the two strategies have not been directly compared for studying text read from a computer screen. In the present study, participants were individually tested in two experiments in which they studied computer-based text on the heart and circulatory system while either reading the text with no interruption, answering adjunct inference questions, answering adjunct factual questions, or answering prompts for global or specific monitoring. Reading time was untimed but looking back was not available. Prompting for global monitoring was most effective for improvement of mental models as measured by scores in diagram drawing, concept map construction, factual memory, and generating inferences. Further, global monitoring did not require more time-on-task than the other methods.
Light stimulates in vivo inositol lipid turnover in frog retinal pigment epithelial cells at the onset of shedding and phagocytosis of photoreceptor membranes.

Abstract We have developed an experimental model to study in vivo inositol lipid metabolism in frog retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, including the effect of light on phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. RPE cells were rapidly isolated after either brief light or dark periods. Light and electron microscopy showed complete detachment of the retina from the RPE cells, and that the RPE cell suspensions were devoid of photoreceptor cell outer segments. Frog tissues were labeled in vivo for 20 hr by intravitreal injection of [3H]inositol (4 μCi, 4μl per eye) within a 24-hr constant illumination period. Following 1 hr of darkness (priming period), frogs were intravitreally injected with LiCl (0·5 m , 4μl per eye) 15 min before the onset of either 30-min light stimulation or an additional 30 min of darkness (controls). In order to preserve endogenous inositol phosphate pools present after dark and light exposure, the RPE cells were harvested in the shortest time possible, at low temperatures (18–20°C), and in the presence of 10 m m LiCl. Total [3H]inositol-labeled water-soluble products (inositol plus inositol phosphates) were increased by 86% after 30 min of light. Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) showed the highest accumulation (a 5·5-fold increase), followed by inositol bisphosphate (1·9-fold increase) and inositol monophosphate (1·4-fold increase). Free [3H]inositol also accumulated (2·8-fold increase), reflecting only a partial inhibition of phosphomonoesterase by LiCl. These changes were paralleled by a 12% decrease in 3H-labeled phosphatidylinositol with no significant difference in the labeling of polyphosphoinositides. This is the first time that IP3 accumulation, correlated with a specific function in a cell type, has been demonstrated in vivo.
The use of medical controls in research with psychiatric populations.

Summary When medical and psychiatric groups are to be contrasted on psychological variables, extreme care must be exercised to get results that are neither mis-leading nor ambiguous.