cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiresistant organisms – mechanisms of resistance, laboratory testing, and emergence in developing countries

The increasing occurrence of infections with antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms is a significant problem worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance prevalence varies widely between and within countries, and over time. Increasing international trade and travel have also been implemented with spread of resistant micro-organisms from one place to another, such that the resistance is not limited to a problem of any particular nation or region. Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative micro-organisms, particularly those resistant to carbapenems and extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics, are increasingly being seen, not only in hospitals but also in the community. Multidrug-resistant Entero-bacteriaceae (mostly Escherichia coli ) that produce extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), such as the CTX-M enzymes, have recently emerged as an important cause of UTIs. The rapid spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae , in particular bla NDM-1 and bla KPC , appears to be a worldwide problem, although the epidemiology varies by continent. Many of these organisms contain multiple-resistance genes, which severely restrict the treatment options available. Most clinical laboratories are familiar with the various diagnostic tests used in the detection of ESBLs. Identifying some of the newer enzymes and especially the metallo-β-lactamases can be both challenging and problematic. Recent changes to interpretative guidelines for the phenotypic detection of both ESBLs and carbapenemases have been made.
Development of Laser Internal Engraving Industry

Laser application has covered a wide range,such as war industry,medical service,scientific research,industry processing and so on.Semiconductor laser will become main trend of engraving machines.Present situation and development of laser engraving machines are described in this paper.
Establishment of Bound Water Interpreting Model with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) Data

A new method for establishing bound water volume with NMR logging data is introduced. A model is used to assume that pore surface is water wet, and all size of pore has contribution to the total number of bound water. Result of application indicates that a new effective method for determining bound water volume under complicated formation conditions is provided by the model.
Identifying Underlying Emotional Instability and Utilizing a Combined Intervention in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation and Encopresis—A Case Report

Abstract Background: Childhood constipation is a common ailment that in certain cases can lead to encopresis or fecal incontinence. The literature suggests that standard care varies in effectiveness, especially in the long term. Fecal incontinence can lead to frustration, guilt, and shame for both the child and family and has untold long-term psychological and physical consequences. Objective: To address alternative treatment options for pediatric constipation and encopresis by using acupuncture and Chinese medicine. Patient and Setting: This is a case study of a 6-year-old girl seen in a private practice acupuncture clinic in the northwestern United States. Intervention: Treatment involved acupuncture, massage, and Chinese herbal medicine. Results: The patient in this study began to have regular bowel movements on her own, from a type 5 on the modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for Children to a type 3, with no laxative use and few to no fecal accidents. Conclusions: Emotional stability and support seem t...
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Control of Fall Armyworm in Bermudagrass Hay, 2014

The fall armyworm is an annual pest of Bermudagrass grown for pasture and hay in northeast Texas. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three insecticides for control of FAW in common Bermudagrass grown for hay. The study was conducted in late September in a field of common Bermudagrass at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center near Overton, TX. An RCB design was used to assign four replications of each of four insecticide treatments and an untreated check to plots each 30 ft × 50 in size. Insecticides were …
Run-Time Overhead

The overhead involved with the simultaneous application of many processors to the same task can be very significant [PoKu87], [Poly86], [Rein85], [Cytr85]. So far most of the existing parallel processor systems have not addressed the overhead issue adequately nor have they taken it into account either in the compiler or in the hardware. In Chapter 3 we discussed in length the impact of run-time overhead on usable parallelism. The more the overhead, the less one can exploit the parallelism of a given program. There are two issues pertaining to run-time overhead. The first concerns the design of parallel machines and their software around the goal of minimizing run-time overhead which is incurred during parallel execution. The second issue concerns methodologies for the best utilization of existing parallel computers. In a given machine-program combination, the limitations (overhead etc.) are known and they cannot be altered. The former issue was analyzed in Chapter 3 from the software point of view. The latter case is the focus of this chapter.
What Errors Can’t Tell Us About Heritage Grammars: On Covert Restructuring of Aspect in Russian

The paper examines covert restructuring of the aspectual system of Russian in the context of heritage acquisition, i.e. systematic grammatical reorganization not manifested in overt errors. The interaction between VP-level aspectuality and sentential aspect is examined in the data from high-proficiency heritage speakers and baseline speakers of Russian. While the two grammars largely converge at the VP level (particularly in atelic contexts), they differ with respect to how sentential aspect is expressed, suggesting that the differences lie at the syntax-pragmatics interface: heritage grammar diverges from the baseline grammar in those contexts where syntactic knowledge must be integrated with discourse-pragmatic knowledge.
Health care institutional charges associated with ambulatory bloodstream infections in pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients

Background The impact of ambulatory bloodstream infections (Amb-BSIs) in pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant (PO/SCT) patients is poorly understood, although a large portion of their treatment increasingly occurs in this setting. This study aimed to understand the economic impact and length of stay (LOS) associated with these infections. Procedure Charges and LOS were retrospectively collected and analyzed for Amb-BSI events leading to a hospital admission between 2012 and 2013 in a tertiary, university-affiliated hospital. Events were grouped as BSI-MIXED when hospitalizations with care unrelated to the infection-extended LOS by more than 24 hr or as BSI-PURE for all others. Billing codes were used to group charges and main drivers were analyzed. Results Seventy-four BSI events were identified in 61 patients. Sixty-nine percent met definition for central line-associated BSI (CLABSI). Median total charge and LOS for an Amb-BSI were $40,852 (interquartile range [IQR] $44,091) and 7 days (IQR 6), respectively. Median charges for BSI-PURE group (N = 62) were $36,611 (IQR $34,785) and $89,935 (IQR $153,263) in the BSI-MIXED (N = 12) group. Median LOS was 6 (IQR 5) days in the BSI-PURE group and 15 (IQR 24) in the BSI-MIXED. Room, pharmacy, and procedure charges accounted for more than 70% of total charges in all groups. Conclusions Amb-BSIs in PO/SCT patients result in significant healthcare charges and unplanned extended hospital admissions. This analysis suggests that efforts aiming at reducing rates of infections could result in substantial system savings, validating the need for increased efforts to prevent Amb-BSIs.
Prosocial Reward Learning in Children and Adolescents

Adolescence is a period of increased sensitivity to social contexts. To evaluate how social context sensitivity changes over development – and influences reward learning – we investigated how children and adolescents perceive and integrate rewards for oneself and others during a dynamic risky-decision-making task. Children and adolescents (N=75, 8-16 yrs) performed the Social Gambling Task (SGT, (Kwak et al., 2014)) and completed a set of questionnaires measuring other-regarding behavior. In the SGT, participants choose amongst four card decks that have different payout structures for oneself and for a charity. We examined patterns of choices, overall decision strategies, and how reward outcomes led to trial-by-trial adjustments in behavior, as estimated using a reinforcement-learning model. Performance of children and adolescents was compared to data from a previously collected sample of adults (N=102) performing the identical task. We found that that children/adolescents were not only more sensitive to rewards directed to the charity than self but also showed greater prosocial tendencies on independent measures of other-regarding behavior. Children and adolescents also showed less use of a strategy that prioritizes rewards for self at the expense of rewards for others. These results support the conclusion that, compared to adults, children and adolescents show greater sensitivity to outcomes for others when making decisions and learning about potential rewards.
Policy iteration for optimal switching with continuous-time dynamics

An approximate solution for optimal switching problems with continuous-time dynamics and infinite horizon cost functions is developed in this paper. The proposed solution is a policy iteration-based algorithm and provides a feedback scheduling policy with a negligible real-time computational burden. The convergence to the optimal solution and stability of the system under the proposed solution are investigated. Both offline and online training methods for implementing the proposed algorithm are presented. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through numerical simulation.
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare idiopathic ocular inflammatory disorder manifesting as white to yellow-white lesions in the posterior fundus after a viral prodrome. The condition is more common in young females. Symptoms often include blurry vision, photopsias, floaters, and visual field defects. The disorder is characterized by spontaneous resolution of the lesions with excellent visual prognosis.
Rac GTPases Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in p210-BCR-ABL-Induced Myeloproliferative Disease (MPD).

The p210-BCR-ABL fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that is necessary and sufficient for the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). ABL-kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571) potently block BCR-ABL activation, but the continued presence of leukemic stem cells and the emergence of imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutants suggest that ABL kinase inhibitors alone cannot completely eradicate disease. Rac GTPases have been implicated in BCR-ABL-mediated proliferation in cell lines and regulate many of the same signaling pathways as BCR-ABL, suggesting that these proteins could be additional therapeutic targets in CML. We have found that Rac1, Rac2, and, to a lesser extent, Rac3 were hyperactivated in CD34 + cells purified from the peripheral blood of two CML patients. To better study the role of Rac in BCR-ABL disease development, murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) genetically deficient in Rac1 and/or Rac2 were transduced with a retroviral vector expressing p210-BCR-ABL. Wild type (WT) and Rac1 −/− mice experienced similar disease progression [median survival 23 ± 6 days (n=30) and 22 ± 4 days (n=8), respectively], Rac2 −/− mice exhibited significantly attenuated development of BCR-ABL-mediated MPD [median survival 43 ± 27 days (n=18); p −/− ;Rac2 −/− animals showed markedly prolonged survival [median survival 92 ± 34 days (n=19); p −/− , and Rac2 −/− mice had elevated circulating myeloblasts 30 days post-transplant, while Rac1 −/− ;Rac2 −/− mice had normal peripheral blood morphology. Attenuation of disease in Rac2- and Rac1/Rac2-deficient animals correlated with severely diminished activation of BCR-ABL-induced signaling pathways, including p44/42 and p38 ERK, JNK, CrkL, and Akt. The leukemogenesis impairment induced by Rac deficiency did not appear to be due to loss of p210-BCR-ABL vector integration, as clonal analysis of leukemic bone marrow from mice in each genotype by LAM-PCR showed similar, oligoclonal reconstitution of p210-BCR-ABL expressing cells. Interestingly, bone marrow cells obtained from Rac1/Rac2-deficient animals that developed late leukemia showed marked hyperactivation of Rac3 and initiated disease in recipients with a latency of three weeks, suggesting that leukemia-initiating cells were able to engraft, in spite of Rac1/Rac2 deficiency. Treatment of BCR-ABL-expressing murine HSC with NSC23766, a rationally-designed Rac-specific small molecule antagonist, potently inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and increased the survival of leukemic animals treated in vivo , compared to PBS control-treated animals (p in vitro, and inhibited survival of these cells in NOD-SCID mice. These results suggest that individual Rac proteins play both unique and combinatorial roles in stem cell transformation and may represent unique targets for therapy of BCR-ABL-persistent and imatinib-resistant CML.
Oncological Outcomes of Operative Treatment of Subcutaneous Soft-Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities*

We reviewed the cases of sixty-two patients who had had a subcutaneous sarcoma to determine the effect of tumor and treatment-related variables on the rates of survival and local recurrence. Fifty-nine (95 per cent) of the patients had had an operation at another hospital before being referred to us. Twenty-nine (47 per cent) of the sixty-two tumors were high-grade, forty-two (68 per cent) were small (five centimeters or less), and thirty (48 per cent) were malignant fibrous histiocytomas. We followed a treatment strategy that consisted of repeat excision with the goal of obtaining wide margins. Excluding thirteen patients who had had a palpable local recurrence at the time of presentation, twenty (49 per cent) of forty-one patients who had had a marginal excision at another hospital had microscopic residual tumor on repeat excision. At a median of fifty-six months after the repeat excision, fifty (81 per cent) of the sixty-two patients had been continuously disease-free, one had no evidence of disease, eight had died of the disease, and three had died of other causes. The five-year rate of disease-free survival was 85 per cent (fifty-three of sixty-two patients). There were three local recurrences, all in patients who had had a marginal resection. No recurrences were noted in patients who had had a wide local excision of the tumor or of the previous operative field. Multivariate analysis revealed that a large tumor (greater than five centimeters), a marginal excision, and adjuvant radiation therapy were associated with a worse prognosis. Excellent rates of survival for patients who have a subcutaneous sarcoma, including those who have a large or high-grade tumor and those who have residual tumor following a previous operation, can be obtained with carefully planned operative treatment alone. We recommend operative excision or repeat excision with wide margins because of the high prevalence of residual tumor. Size is the most important tumor-related factor, and the operative margin is the most important treatment-related factor. The additional value of adjuvant radiation therapy remains unproved.
A compensation winding structure for balanced three-phase coupled inductor

Inductors and transformers are widely used in three-phase power conversion systems. Integrated or coupled structure is often adopted to reduce the size of the bulky magnetic components. However, these structures could bring the unbalance problem in three-phase power system or motor drive system, and this unbalance issue will impact the system's performance. In order to get a balanced performance in three-phase system, special structure of three-limb E cores or separated cores should be applied in inductor design. This paper proposes a balanced three-phase coupled inductor which can be used with any E cores by applying additional compensation windings to the three phases. Then, a design guideline for balanced three-phase coupled inductor is suggested based on core geometry. Moreover, this coupled structure improves the phase inductance with coupling effects resulting in a reduction of the total inductor's volume compared with separated inductors. A finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and experiment results verify the proposed structure. A prototype of proposed inductor is built and shows a much better balanced performance compared with conventional design.
Continued decline in blood collection and transfusion in the United States–2015

BACKGROUND In 2011 and 2013, the National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey (NBCUS) revealed declines in blood collection and transfusion in the United States. The objective of this study was to describe blood services in 2015. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The 2015 NBCUS was distributed to all US blood collection centers, all hospitals performing at least 1000 surgeries annually, and a 40% random sample of hospitals performing 100 to 999 surgeries annually. Weighting and imputation were used to generate national estimates for units of blood and components collected, deferred, distributed, transfused, and outdated. RESULTS Response rates for the 2015 NBCUS were 78.4% for blood collection centers and 73.9% for transfusing hospitals. In 2015, 12,591,000 units of red blood cells (RBCs) (95% confidence interval [CI], 11,985,000-13,197,000 units of RBCs) were collected, and 11,349,000 (95% CI, 10,592,000-11,747,000) were transfused, representing declines since 2013 of 11.6% and 13.9%, respectively. Total platelet units distributed (2,436,000; 95% CI, 2,230,000-2,642,000) and transfused (1,983,000; 95% CI, 1,816,000 = 2,151,000) declined by 0.5% and 13.1%, respectively, since 2013. Plasma distributions (3,714,000; 95% CI, 3,306,000-4,121,000) and transfusions (2,727,000; 95% CI, 2,594,000-2,859,000) in 2015 declined since 2013. The median price paid per unit in 2015—$211 for leukocyte-reduced RBCs, $524 for apheresis platelets, and $54 for fresh frozen plasma—was less for all components than in 2013. CONCLUSIONS The 2015 NBCUS findings suggest that continued declines in demand for blood products resulted in fewer units collected and distributed Maintaining a blood inventory sufficient to meet routine and emergent demands will require further monitoring and understanding of these trends.
Mixture Analysis with Noisy Data

Noisy data such as outliers cause difficulty in any model selection procedure. We present two general procedures. The first extends any model selection technique such as maximum likelihood or method of moments estimation to a procedure for obtaining mixture models. The second procedure makes a model selection technique more robust by weighting with members of the model family. Finally, we show how to combine these two procedures to obtain a robust, mixture modeling method
Technologically facilitated remoteness increases killing behavior

Abstract Technology now enables killing from remote locations. Killing remotely might be psychologically easier than killing face to face, which could promote more killing behavior and incur less severe emotional consequences. The current study manipulated the medium via which participants completed an ostensible ladybug-killing task. Participants who were in the same room as the insects killed fewer of them than participants who killed remotely via videoconference. Remoteness exerted an indirect effect on self-reported emotional consequences of killing. There was no additional effect of varying the ostensible location of the remote targets (same building vs. different state). This research emphasizes the importance of considering the psychological consequences of the remoteness technology affords.
A Geographic Assessment of the Risk of Naturalization of Non-native Woody Plants in Iowa

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether patterns of native distributions of naturalized woody plants and their relationships to climatic analogs can serve as a sound basis to ...
Abstract 632: Flow-induced TRPV4 Activation Mediates Calcium Influx In The Thick Ascending Limb.

Background: The thick ascending limb is critical in the regulation of sodium balance and therefore blood pressure. We previously showed that nitric oxide (NO), which inhibits sodium chloride transport and therefore blood pressure is regulated by luminal flow in this segment. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a member of the TRPV family of cation channels, is expressed in the thick ascending limb. This calcium permeable channel can be activated by luminal flow in other cell types. Therefore, we hypothesized that in the thick ascending limb luminal flow induces TRPV4 activation thereby increasing calcium influx and NO production. METHODS: We used the TRPV4 antagonists Ruthenium red and RN 1734 and the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A and measured intracellular calcium and NO production in the absence and presence of luminal flow in isolated and perfused thick ascending limbs from Sprague Dawley rats. NO production was measured using the NO-sensitive dye DAF FM da. Intracellular calcium was measured using the ratiometric calcium sensitive dye Fura-2 AM. Results: Increasing luminal flow from 0 to 20 nL/min stimulated NO production from 8 ± 3 to 45 ± 12 arbitrary units (AU)/min ( p n =5). Increasing luminal flow in the presence of the TRPV4 antagonist Ruthenium red (15 μM) eliminated NO production (from 18 ± 5 to 16 ± 9 AU/min; n = 4). Flow-induced NO production was also prevented by the selective TRPV4 antagonist RN 1734 (10 μM) (from 11 ± 7 to 9 ± 2 AU/min; n = 4). Increasing luminal flow increased Fura 2 ratio units by 113 ± 20 %. However, in the presence of the TRPV4 antagonist Ruthenium red (15 μM) Fura 2 ratio units increased only by 55 ± 12 % in response to luminal flow ( p n =6). In the absence of luminal flow, activating TRPV4 using the TRPV4 selective agonist GSK1016790A (1 ηM) increased Fura 2 ratio units by 204 ± 43 %. Conclusion: From these data we conclude that flow-induced TRPV4 activation mediates calcium influx and NO production in the thick ascending limb.
How reliable are CMIP5 models in simulating dust optical depth

Abstract. Dust aerosol plays an important role in the climate system by affecting the radiative and energy balances. Biases in dust modeling may result in biases in simulating global energy budget and regional climate. It is thus very important to understand how well dust is simulated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Here seven CMIP5 models using interactive dust emission schemes are examined against satellite-derived dust optical depth (DOD) during 2004–2016. It is found that multi-model mean can largely capture the global spatial pattern and zonal mean of DOD over land in present-day climatology in MAM and JJA. Global mean land DOD is underestimated by −25.2 % in MAM to −6.4 % in DJF. While seasonal cycle, magnitude, and spatial pattern are generally captured by the multi-model mean over major dust source regions such as North Africa and the Middle East, these variables are not so well represented by most of the models in South Africa and Australia. Interannual variations in DOD are not captured by most of the models or by the multi-model mean. Models also do not capture the observed connections between DOD and local controlling factors such as surface wind speed, bareness, and precipitation. The constraints from surface bareness are largely underestimated while the influences of surface wind and precipitation are overestimated. Projections of DOD change in the late half of the 21st century under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 scenario in which the multi-model mean is compared with that projected by a regression model. Despite the uncertainties associated with both projections, results show some similarities between the two, e.g., DOD pattern over North Africa in DJF and JJA, an increase in DOD in the central Arabian Peninsula in all seasons, and a decrease over northern China from MAM to SON.
Extracellular calcium and cadherins regulate the process of gap junction assembly between cells in culture

A number of previous observations have indicated that the cadherins play an important role in the regulation of gap junction communication. In the experiments reported here, the process of gap junction assembly was specifically monitored between Novikoff hepatoma cells in culture. In the presence of reduced levels of extracellular calcium, gap junction assembly was substantially inhibited, although not completely blocked. The mechanism of this inhibition was explored with an analysis of connexin43 phosphorylation, determinations of cytoplasmic calcium, and immunofluorescence methods for cadherins and connexins. Two models are considered - one for simple adhesion and one for signalling.
The Empirical Dependence of Tornadogenesis on Elevation Roughness: Historical Record Analysis Using Bayes’s Law in Arkansas

AbstractRecent research suggests that surface elevation variability may influence tornado activity, though separating this effect from reporting biases is difficult to do in observations. Here we e...
Inappropriate activation of pacemaker magnet response mode by CPAP masks.

Background While electromagnetic interference is widely recognized as a cause of noise detected by cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs), we report on two cases of inappropriate activation of magnet response mode due to magnets in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) masks. Methods Two patients with St. Jude Medical dual-chamber pacemakers (Assurity DR 2240; St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) were discovered on routine outpatient device interrogation to have magnet response events that correlated with nightly use of their CPAP masks. A magnet response event was reproduced by positioning one CPAP mask over the patient's pulse generator site. The magnetic flux density was measured using a Gauss meter. Results It was found that their CPAP masks had magnetic clips that were used to secure the headgears. These appeared to be transiently positioned within sufficient proximity of the patients' CIEDs to activate magnet response events during sleep. The measured magnetic field density adjacent to a mask magnet was 136 Gauss. Conclusion Clinicians managing CPAPs and CIEDs should be aware of magnetic interference with the potential for inappropriate activation of magnet response mode. CPAP masks that are secured with magnetic clips should be avoided in patients with CIEDs, since this can result in inappropriate asynchronous pacing in pacemakers or potential failure to deliver life-saving tachytherapies in patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators.
Sending city children to the country: vacations in “nature” ca. 1870–1900

The last quarter of the nineteenth century witnessed a new but rapidly spreading perspective on the link between education and nature: middle-class philanthropists joining together to provide summe...
Attention maintenance training: Are young drivers getting better or being more strategic?:

Young drivers are particularly poor at maintaining attention to the forward roadway where imminent hazards may occur. Existing training programs such as FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning...
Dynamic pilot wave bound states.

Motivated by recent parallels between classical bouncing droplet experiments and quantum bound states, we explore the lessons that droplet experiments might teach us about the dynamics of quantum solutions. Since the classical experiment is periodically driven, we examine periodic driving of the integer spin Klein-Gordon equation. We find that an exact solution can be obtained, and surprisingly this solution necessarily produces “half-integer” orbital angular momentum. We stress that these findings are strictly mathematical; nevertheless, this and other physical implications are intriguing and suggest further study.
Niños de la guerra en México: la desterritorialización como consecuencia del exilio a través de Carlos Blanco Aguinaga y Angelina Muñiz-Huberman

El estallido de la Guerra Civil espanola el 17 de julio de 1937 marco un antes y un despues en la sociedad espanola. Las consecuencias de este conflicto tuvieron un impacto mucho mas alla de las fronteras espanolas, especialmente en aquellos paises que acogieron a los exiliados que huian de las represalias del gobierno franquista. La politica de puertas abiertas de Lazaro Cardenas atrajo a miles de familias a Mexico que llegaron en numerosas oleadas buscando refugio mientras esperaban la caida del regimen. Entre estas familias se encontraban las de Carlos Blanco Aguinaga y Angelina Muniz Huberman, futuros escritores que se establecieron en la capital mexicana con apenas trece anos el primero y tan solo seis la segunda. A diferencia de sus padres, ellos no habian decidido marchar al exilio de forma voluntaria, puesto que no tenian una conciencia plena de la situacion debido a su corta edad. Sin embargo, se vieron forzados a enfrentarse a la experiencia del exilio durante su infancia, lo que provoco el nacimiento, con el paso del tiempo, de un nuevo discurso identitario nacionalista basado en la desaparicion de las fronteras geograficas como elemento primordial. Este ensayo pretende explorar el surgimiento de una identidad desterritorializada a traves de una aproximacion a las memorias -pseudomemorias- de ambos escritores partiendo de las teorias de Deleuze y Guattari posteriormente desarrolladas por criticos como Joris Pierre y Rosi Braidotti y su interpretacion del sujeto nomada. // The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War on July 17, 1937 marked a before and after in Spanish society. However, the consequences of this conflict had an impact far beyond the Spanish borders, especially in those countries that welcomed all those exiles fleeing the reprisals of the Franco government. The open-door policy of Lazaro Cardenas attracted thousands of families to Mexico who arrived in numerous waves seeking refuge while awaiting the fall of Franco´s regime. Among these families were those of Carlos Blanco Aguinaga and Angelina Muniz Huberman. Being 13 the first of them and only 6 the second of the aforementioned writers, they settled in the Mexican capital. Unlike their parents, they had not decided to go into exile voluntarily, since they did not have a full awareness of the situation due to their young age. However, they were forced to face the experience of exile during their childhood, which led to the birth, over time, of a new nationalist identity discourse based on the disappearance of geographical boundaries as a primary element. Thus, based on the theories of Deleuze and Guattari, subsequently developed by critics such as Joris Pierre and Rosi Braidotti and their interpretation of the nomadic subject, this essay aims to explore the emergence of a deterritorialized identity through an approach to memories pseudomemories of both writers.
Microsurgical treatment of craniopharyngioma by modified pterional approach

Objective To study the clinical effect of microsurgical treatment of craniopharyngioma by modified pterional approach.Methods Forty-one patients were carried out a retrospective case study with craniopharyngioma who underwent microsurgieal treatment via modified pterional approach at our department.Preoperative preparation mainly included hormone replacement therapy and prevention of epilepsy.The modified pterional approach was adopted.The patients' clinical indications were monitored postoperatively such as consciousness, blood pressure, in and out quantity of water, urine specific gravity, electrolytes, CT and MRI, and prompt prevention and treatment of the complications including diabetes insipidus and disorder of electrolytes were carried out after the surgery.Meanwhile, measures were taken to prevent postoperative epilepsy and low level of hormone.Results Thrrty-three patients had total craniopharyngioma resection, 5 had subtotal craniopharyngioma resection and 3 had partial craniopharyngioma resection, and all of them survived from the surgery.2 to 19 months postoperative follow-up showed that 32 patients could normally live,study and work, while 9 patients had to be assisted for normal lives.There was a recurrence of the tumor in 3 patients out of 8 patients that had subtotal and partial craniopharyngioma resection within 12 months postoperatively.Conclusion Adopting modified pterional approach plus efficient and effective perioperative management can reduce the damage rate of hypothalamus and improve the total resection rate of the craniopharyngioma, and achieve good results of the treatment. Key words: Craniopharyngioma; Modified ptefional approach; Microsurgical operation
Complementary Approaches with Free-living and Parasitic Nematodes to Understanding Anthelmintic Resistance

Anthelmintic drugs are the major line of defense against parasitic nematode infections, but the arsenal is limited and resistance threatens sustained efficacy of the available drugs. Discoveries of the modes of action of these drugs and mechanisms of resistance have predominantly come from studies of a related nonparasitic nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Here, we discuss how our understanding of anthelmintic resistance and modes of action came from the interplay of results from each of these species. We argue that this 'cycle of discovery', where results from one species inform the design of experiments in the other, can use the complementary strengths of both to understand anthelmintic modes of action and mechanisms of resistance.
Long-term Efficacy of Mitomycin C Augmented Trabeculectomy in a Mixed Pediatric Glaucoma Cohort.

PRECIS This paper reports a retrospective consecutive case series investigating the efficacy of Mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy in the treatment of primary and secondary pediatric glaucoma in a mixed etiology, multiethnic cohort of patients. PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of Mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy in a mixed, tertiary-referral, pediatric glaucoma cohort. METHODS Retrospective consecutive review of all children (37 eyes) undergoing Mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy by a single surgeon between 2008 and 2016. Seventeen eyes (45.9%) had primary congenital glaucoma, and 20 eyes (54.1%) had secondary glaucoma. The median age at surgery was 11 months (range, 2 to 146). The mean follow-up was 69.2±4.7 months (range, 3.5 to 107.9). RESULTS Overall, trabeculectomy was successful in 80.6% of eyes at 12 months, 60.5% at 3 years, and 57.5% at 5 years. 45.9% cases (17 eyes) required further laser or surgery for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) and were therefore deemed as failures. The time to failure ranged from 0.4 to 65.1 months (mean, 22.2±5.1 mo). The proportion of children achieving visual acuity of 1.0 LogMAR equivalent or better increased from 43.2% preoperatively to 63.6% at 1 year and 68% at 5 years. The mean IOP reduced from 24.85±0.88 mm Hg preoperatively to 15.14±0.94 mm Hg at 3 months (39% reduction) and 17.42±1.08 mm Hg at 5 years (30% reduction). IOP-lowering medication requirement reduced from 4.14±0.20 agents preoperatively to 0.84±0.22 at 3 months (80% reduction) and 1.78±0.36 at 5 years (57% reduction). There were no sight-threatening complications such as hyphaema, bleb leak, chronic hypotony, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, or loss of light perception. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable evidence that Mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy is safe and effective as a treatment of primary or secondary pediatric glaucoma, with particularly encouraging results in cases of secondary glaucoma. Trabeculectomy offers the potential for delaying or avoiding glaucoma drainage device surgery in a significant proportion of children.
Gas-Phase Experimental and Computational Studies of 5-Halouracils: Intrinsic Properties and Biological Implications.

The gas-phase acidity and proton affinity (PA) of 5-halouracils (5-fluorouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-bromouracil, and 5-iodouracil) have been examined using both theoretical and experimental methods....
A Note on Estimating the Relative Costs of Unmanned Aerial Systems

It is widely believed that Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are less costly than comparable manned aircraft. However, the costs per flying hour frequently used to compare unmanned and manned aircraft...
Polysaccharide Depolymerase Associated with Bacteriophage Infection

Bartell, Pasquale F. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia), Thomas E. Orr, and Grace K. H. Lam. Polysaccharide depolymerase associated with bacteriophage infection. J. Bacteriol. 92:56-62. 1966.-A recently isolated bacteriophage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed, in association with bacteria, to produce a polysaccharide depolymerase. Exposure of slime polysaccharide to the enzyme at the pH optimum of 7.5 for 30 to 60 min resulted in a decreased viscosity of 20 to 25%, and a measurable increase in the levels of hexosamines, hexoses, and reducing substances, distinguishing it from other phage-associated depolymerases. Like egg-white lysozyme, the depolymerase produced a clearing of mature bacterial lawns, but was shown to be devoid of muralytic activity by turbidimetric and paper chromatographic analysis. The depolymerase reacted with polysaccharides of only certain strains of P. aeruginosa, and there appeared to be no correlation with phage susceptibility. The enzyme was not detectable in uninfected cultures, nor was it synthesized when infection was initiated by phages other than phage 2. The available data suggest that the genetic information required for biosynthesis of this enzyme is furnished by the phage 2 genome.
RCM‐E simulation of a thin arc preceded by a north‐south‐aligned auroral streamer

The Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) all-sky imager data have recently revealed a repeatable sequence that occurs during many auroral substorms, in which a newly formed thin arc is preceded by an equatorward propagating streamer. The paper aims at modeling this sequence using the Rice Convection Model–Equilibrium. The simulation shows a thin arc arising when a plasma sheet bubble with its PV5/3 reduced to the transition region value arrives at the magnetic transition region. The modeled thin arc consists of two parts: the one east of the streamer is the result of the bubble pushing high PV5/3 flux tubes ahead of it, strengthening the upward region 2 current, and the one west of the streamer is associated with westward drifting bubble particles, sliding along the transition region. The model predicts that (1) the westward and eastward leading edges of the thin arc propagate azimuthally at a speed of ~0.5–2.7 km/s and (2) the streamer-induced thin arc is accompanied by classic signatures of bubble injections.
Photosynthetic Action Spectra and Adaptation to Spectral Light-Distribution in a Benthic Cyanobacterial Mat

We studied adaptation to spectral light distribution in undisturbed benthic communities of cyanobacterial mats growing in hypersaline ponds at Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico. Microscale measurements of oxygen photosynthesis and action spectra were performed with microelectrodes; spectral radiance was measured with fiber-optic microprobes. The spatial resolution of all measurements was 0.1 mm, and the spectral resolution was 10 to 15 nm. Light attenuation spectra showed absorption predominantly by chlorophyll a (Chl a) (430 and 670 nm), phycocyanin (620 nm), and carotenoids (440 to 500 nm). Blue light (450 nm) was attenuated 10-fold more strongly than red light (600 nm). The action spectra of the surface film of diatoms accordingly showed activity over the whole spectrum, with maxima for Chl a and carotenoids. The underlying dense Microcoleus population showed almost exclusively activity dependent upon light harvesting by phycobilins at 550 to 660 nm. Maximum activity was at 580 and 650 nm, indicating absorption by phycoerythrin and phycocyanin as well as by allophycocyanin. Very little Chl a-dependent activity could be detected in the cyanobacterial action spectrum, even with additional 600-nm light to excite photosystem II. The depth distribution of photosynthesis showed detectable activity down to a depth of 0.8 to 2.5 mm, where the downwelling radiant flux at 600 nm was reduced to 0.2 to 0.6% of the surface flux.
Resilient Properties of Subgrade Soils

Resilient properties of 50 typical Illinois fine-grained soils were evaluated. Soil resilient properties can be related to soil characteristics (texture, plasticity, organic carbon content, AASHTO group index). Current soil classification procedures do not group fine-grained soils into groups with distinctive resilient properties. Moisture-density conditions and degree of saturation significantly influence the resilient properties of fine-grained soils. Average resilient properties for various soil classification groups were determined. Regression equations were developed for estimating resilient properties based on soil characteristics and degree of saturation.
Introduction to Life in the Universe

Fifty years ago, the Miller experiment took the search for the chemical origins of life to a new level with the laboratory synthesis of compounds required for life under conditions that resembled the early environment of the Earth. Since that time, scientists from around the world have built on these seminal results, developing a multi-disciplinary field that explores the fundamental questions of life’s origin and emergence from the outer reaches of the universe to the finest details of microfossils seen in an electron microscope.
Highlights of the Consensus Conference on Prevention of Progression in Chronic Renal Disease: Implications for Dietetic Practice

■ Objective: To determine implications for dietetic practice based on current recommendations from consensus conferences and scientific literature regarding prevention of progression in chronic renal disease. ■ Data sources: National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference, April 1994, and MEDLINE search of published literature 1970 through 1994. ■ Conclusions: Evidence supports the use of protein-modified diets, blood pressure control, renal protective effects of angiotensin-converting inhibitors, and tight glycemic control for insulin-dependent diabetics to delay the progression of renal failure.
Cornering the Market: State Intervention in Comparative Perspective Brazilian Coffee and Mexican Henequen1

Today, state participation in the export sector and in international cartels such as OPEC is commonplace. But in the early twentieth century such actions by states were almost unheard of. This article compares the Brazilian state's role in the international coffee market with the Mexican state's participation in the world henequen market. Since coffee was one of the world's most internationally traded commodities in terms of value, the Brazilian effort set an important precedent that helped convince exporters of other raw materials such as tin, rubber, and petroleum of the need for greater state participation. The comparison of the coffee and henequen programs illustrate the qualitatively different paths that state interventions took. The first “valorization,” as the program came to be known, represented a dramatic departure from past state agricultural policy. Brazilians constructed a state capitalist model in which the state oversaw the financing, commercialization, and transportation of coffee while perpetuating traditional social relations and leaving secure planters’ latifundia. The Mexican state also came to oversee the infrastructure of the henequen economy, but the consequences of its intervention were quite different than in Brazil. Although the Mexican state failed to prop up the international price of henequen, it did restructure property and social relations in the Yucatan. The object of this article is to explore why and how Brazilians were the first to effect such an enterprise and why it was successful. After all, it is not at all obvious that in the Age of Empire it would be a dependent Third World nation that would restructure an international commodity market. The participation of the Brazilian state in this venture is particularly intriguing because conventional wisdom has maintained that the Republic, which was founded in Brazil in 1889, gave birth to a decentralized, laissez faire regime.
Neutron Scattering Cross Sections up to 2.4 MeV for the Ground and First Two Excited States of 232Th

Differential cross sections have been measured at the University of Lowell for the ground and first two excited states of /sup 232/Th via the neutron time-of-flight technique. The following results are presented for neutron scattering cross sections: (a) excitation functions of /sup 232/Th in the incident energy range from 185 to 2400 keV for the 0/sup +/ ground state and the 2/sup +/, 49-keV state, and in the 480- to 2400-keV range for the 4/sup +/, 162-keV state; (b) angular distributions for the 0/sup +/ and 2/sup +/ states at 185 kev and for the 0/sup +/, 2/sup +/, and 4/sup +/ states at 550 keV. Level cross sections were obtained using these and previously measured angular distributions.
High-resolution leukocyte analyzers: retrospective and prospective.

Five leukocyte analyzers (three from the United States and two from Japan) entered commercial production during the decade 1974–1984; and three (all from the United States) entered pilot production, but were abandoned before complete commercialization. These instruments are automated microscopes, most of which have robotic capabilities in handling glass microscope slides. All incorporate machine vision computers for the purpose of performing multispectral image processing and pattern recognition. Since the objects which these machines must recognize (human white blood cells, red cells, and platelets) are small (from 2 to 20 μm in diameter) and have significant microscopic detail, the robotic manipulation of the microscope slide must be extremely precise, and the accompanying electrooptical imaging system must furnish submicron resolution. Today, these leukocyte analyzers worldwide analyze the cellular blood constituents of tens of thousands of patients per day. They gather colorimetric and morphometric data on about one billion multispectral images per year and compute and report their analysis of this data. Unfortunately, the fifty-million dollar investment made collectively by the business community has led to such a disappointing return that, as of 1986, all United States manufacturers have abandoned production. At the present time, only two machines are in production, both in Japan. This paper describes the historical evolution of these leukocyte analyzers and furnishes technical detail on the electrooptical characteristics of two major United States machines.
Preparation of d,l-megaphone intermediates

Abstract Chemistry related to the preparation of compounds 2 and 3 , demonstrated intermediates in a synthesis of d,l-megaphone, is described.