cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a wild white-tailed deer population management program for controlling chronic wasting disease in Illinois, 2003–2008

We evaluated population management programs for controlling chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild white-tailed deer in Illinois between November 2002 and March 2008. The intervention consisted of measures of deer removal from three deer population control programs: Illinois Department of Natural Resources culling, deer population control permits and nuisance deer removal permits. We included in the analysis a total of 14,650 white-tailed deer CWD test results. These data also included location and demographic data collected from both deer harvested in the interventions as well as deer from hunter harvests and deer vehicle collisions. We quantified intervention pressures as the number of years of intervention, the total number of deer removed and the average number of deer removed per year. We accounted for temporal and spatial variations of intervention by using mixed logistic regression to model the association between intervention pressures and CWD prevalence change. The results showed that deer population management intervention as practiced in Illinois during the study period was negatively associated with CWD prevalence and the strength of association varied depending on age of deer and the measure of intervention pressure. The population management programs showed a more consistent association with reduced CWD prevalence in fawn and yearling white-tailed deer than in adult deer. Our results also suggested that frequent and continuing intervention events with at least moderate intensity of culling were needed to reduce CWD prevalence. A longer study period, however, is needed to make a more definite conclusion about the effectiveness of similar population management programs for controlling CWD in wild white-tailed deer.
AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE PRODUCTION DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF FRESHWATER ANIMAL COMMUNITIES1

The effects of three levels of inorganic nutrients and two predator densities on aquatic animal communities were examined in a series of twenty 0.07-ha freshwater ponds. The treatments were cross-classified in a randomized block design and continued over 3 years. Analyses of the responses include community composition, secondary production, and demographic description of the dominant species of both zooplankton and benthos. The fish populations and their feeding behavior are described in detail. Ancillary data on water chemistry and primary production were available. Nutrients generally increased production of the zooplankton but had little effect on community composition. Fish predation had profound effects on the diversity and size distribution of the zooplankton but only affected production at lower nutrient levels. The benthos responded markedly to nutrients during the first year, but this was not apparent the second and third years. The response of the benthos to both nutrients and predation was best shown by changes in the distribution of body size. Both zooplankton and benthic communities showed complementary responses between large- and small-bodied organisms. Differences in the physical structure of the environment (i.e., macrophytes) also produced significant changes in production and composition of both systems. The biomass production of the fish populations was clearly related to nutrient level. Both fish and invertebrate predators were size selective, but the fish had a much greater influence on the prey populations.
Source Credibility in Attorney Advertisements

An experiment was conducted using a mock-up of print advertisements for attorneys. The study used a sample of 309 subjects in a 2 × 2 full factorial between subjects design. The independent variables were attorney certification credentials and attorney sex. The dependent variable was source credibility, measured through the dimensions of expertise and trustworthiness. Results indicated that the positive wording (board certified) and negative wording (not board certified) of attorney board certification credentials in a print ad significantly influenced subjects in their rating of attorney credibility. That is, positive wording created a positive bias of the attorney while negative wording led to a negative bias. A significant positive bias was also found for the female attorney. Subjects rated the female attorney to be more trustworthy than the male attorney. However, there was no significant difference in perceived expertise between the male and female attorney. Interactions of independent variables and ...
Bacterial leaf nodule symbiosis in angiosperms with emphasis on Rubiaceae and Myrsinaceae

Over 400 species of three genera of Rubiaceae and one genus of Myrsinaceae reportedly have bacterial leaf nodules. Light and/or electron microscope studies of a few species have shown that bacteria exist in spaces within buds filled with mucilage secreted by glands. These bacteria enter substomatal chambers (Rubiaceae) or marginal hydathodes (Myrsinaceae) and establish short-lived colonies, in intercellular spaces, that die out almost before full leaf expansion. Bacteria occur in seeds between endosperm and embryo, but only two studies have followed bacteria into flowers and ovules. Previous work on the physical relations of bacteria and host plants is discussed critically. Reviewing work done on isolation and identification of presumed endophytes leads to the conclusion that there is no agreement whether one or several bacterial taxa are the endophyte, and no unambiguous identifications, although four genera are suggested as possibilities. Nitrogen fixation was considered as the bacterial contribution until quite recently, but a review of such studies reveals that fixation has been detected almost exclusively in isolated presumed endophytes, whereas almost all studies involving the bacterium in intact leaves have failed to detect nitrogen fixation. Studies of particular substances (besides combined nitrogen) contributed by the endophyte have been inconclusive, although the most recent works suggest that cytokinins are involved. Host plants lacking the endophyte have been reportedly produced many times, either spontaneously or by seed treatment. Such “cripples”, used for several aspects of symbiosis study, frequently revert to a nodulated condition, and a more reliable method of producing them is needed. Tissue culture may offer the best potential, but this approach has not yet produced whole bacteria-free plants. A proposed scheme for the evolution of the symbiosis suggests that a variety of bacteria entered buds first, and only in rare instances were compatible with the host bud mucilage. In a few of these cases, specific bacteria, compatible with the microenvironment, contributed a useful substance to the host, and bud mucilage and those bacteria co-evolved until large numbers of bacteria thrived in the buds. Nodules may have resulted from accidental entry of bacteria into leaves, with the possibility that some host plant nodules are merely pathogenic responses, whereas in others the bacteria are beneficial and further selection has resulted in numerous, regularly produced nodules. This review deals with taxonomy of host plants and endophytes, morphology of the symbiosis, its physiology, and speculation on the evolution of the symbiosis.
Mismatched Hartmann-Hahn conditions cause proton-mediated intermolecular magnetization transfer between dilute low-spin nuclei in NMR of static solids.

Mismatched Hartmann−Hahn conditions between the protons and dilute spins (such as 15N) are found to cause intermolecular magnetization transfer between the low-gamma nuclei over long distances. This transfer is purely proton mediated and occurs even in the absence of direct 15N−15N couplings. This has been demonstrated experimentally using a static single crystal of n-acetyl Leucine with intermolecular distances between the 15N nuclei exceeding 6.5 A. A quantum-mechanical explanation of this phenomenon is given based on the average-Hamiltonian theory which was confirmed by detailed numerical many-spin simulations. The theory and experiment presented in the present paper may help in the development of solid-state NMR methods for studying interhelical contacts in membrane proteins, as well as for their spectral assignment.
ON THE FULFILLMENT OF MORAL OBLIGATION

This paper considers three general views about the nature of moral obligation and three particular answers (with which these views are typically associated) concerning the following question: if on Monday you lend me a book that I promise to return to you by Friday, what precisely is my obligation to you and what constitutes its fulfillment? The example is borrowed from W.D. Ross, who in The Right and the Good proposed what he called the Objective View of obligation, from which he inferred what is here called the First Answer to the question. In Foundations of Ethics Ross repudiated the Objective View in favor of the Subjective View, from which he inferred a Second Answer. In this paper each of the Objective and Subjective Views and the First and Second Answers are rejected in favor of the Prospective View and a Third Answer. The implications of the Prospective View for another question closely related to the original question are then investigated: what precisely is your right regarding my returning the book and what constitutes its satisfaction?
Markets as Politics: A Political‐Cultural Approach to Market Institutions

L'A. examine la perspective sociologique qui affirme que la stabilite du marche n'est possible que si les acteurs prennent en compte leurs actions reciproques. Il montre que celle-ci s'oppose a la conception neoclassique du fonctionnement du marche qui insiste sur l'anonymat des acteurs. Il s'efforce d'elaborer une vision politique du marche qui prenne en compte dans une approche ecologique le role des institutions et celui des reseaux sociaux. Il considere que l'on doit envisager les processus qui s'observent au niveau du marche comme refletant les luttes internes au sein de l'entreprise et la competition entre chacune d'elles
Amine-iodine interactions

Abstract We have studied the charge-transfer bands of amine-iodine complexes in n-heptane solutions for the four isomeric primary butyl amines. In all four cases the charge-transfer band occurs at λmax = 246 ± 1 mμ. The data were all well-interpreted by assumption of simple 1:1 complex formation. Equilibrium constants were determined from Ketetaar's equation. Heats and entropies of complexation varied slightly, but regularly, their magnitudes being smaller the greater the branching. Empirical analysis shows that the Coulombic and van der Waals interactions in the ground-state complexes are repulsive and add up to about + 19.8 kcal mole . The charge-transfer resonance interaction of about −28 kcal mole overcomes this and leads to a net stabilization of 8–10 kcal mole . Using semi-empirical formulas and considering only the interactions of the nitrogen lone-pair electrons we have tried to calculate these quantities. At the equilibrium separation, the calculated charge-transfer interaction is of the correct magnitude, but the exchange-repulsion contribution requires considerable adjustment in order to match the total energy.
A double chain of coupled circuits in analogy with mechanical lattices

A unitary transformation obtained from group theoretical considerations is applied to the problem of finding the resonant frequencies of a system of coupled LC-circuits. This transformation was previously derived to separate the equations of motion for one dimensional mechanical lattices. Computations are performed in matrix notation. The electrical system is an analog of a pair of coupled linear lattices. After the resonant frequencies have been found, comparisons between the electrical and mechanical systems are noted.
Phase Transfer Catalysis: Polymerization Kinetics and Mechanism of Methyl Acrylate

Kinetics and mechanism of the free-radical polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA), using potassium peroxomonosulfate (PMS) as a water-soluble initiator in the presence of benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as a phase-transfer catalyst (PTC), were studied. The polymerization reactions were carried out under inert and unstirred conditions at a constant temperature of 60±1°C in ethyl acetate/water biphasic medium. The rate of polymerization (Rp) increased with an increase in the concentrations of MA, BTBAC and PMS. The order with respect to the monomer, initiator, and PTC was found to be 1.0, 0.5, and 0.5 respectively. Rp was independent of the ionic strength and pH of the medium. Based on the kinetic evidences a suitable mechanism is proposed.
Electrokinetic Determinations of Enzymatic Susceptibilities of Cell Surface-Associated RNA

Earlier investigations suggested, using electrokinetic evidence, that RNA is present at the surfaces of some types of cultured and freshly isolated cells. In this report, further investigations of the nature of cell surface RNA of cultured Ehrlich ascites (EAT) cells are reported. These experiments were carried out by determining the changes in electrophoretic mobility of EAT cells after treatment with several highly purified nucleases, neuraminidase, and hyaluronidase. The results suggested that cell surface RNA is located at surface sites separate from those susceptible to neuraminidase and hyaluronidase, that α and ω termini of RNA are absent from the electrokinetic surface, and that the RNA present at the cell surface might exist predominantly in a double-stranded form. A model is proposed in which cell surface RNA strand termini are buried out of the electrokinetic surface, but where RNA extends from these buried termini into the electrokinetic surface in loops.
Acute toxicity in definitive versus postprostatectomy image-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose To assess the incidence of acute gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) injury and the dose–volume response in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with image-guided radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy. Methods and Materials Between November 2004 and March 2007, 146 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with helical tomotherapy at the City of Hope Medical Center. Of the 146 patients, 70 had undergone prostatectomy. Acute GI and GU toxicities were evaluated using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Cancer of Medical scoring system. Events were scored for patients developing Grade 2 or greater morbidity within 90 days after the end of radiotherapy (RT). The dosimetric parameters included the minimal dose received by the highest 10%, 20%, 50%, 80%, and 90% of the target volume, the mean rectal dose, minimal rectal dose, maximal rectal dose, and the volume receiving ≥45, ≥65, and ≥70 Gy. These variables, plus the status of radical prostatectomy, hormonal therapy, RT techniques, and medical conditions, were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. A goodness-of-fit evaluation was done using the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. Results A dose–response function for acute GI toxicity was elicited. The acute GI Grade 2 or greater toxicity was lower in the definitive RT group than in the postoperative RT group (25% vs. 41%, p Conclusion The results of our study have shown that acute rectal symptoms are dose-volume related. Postprostatectomy RT resulted in a greater incidence of acute GI toxicity than did definitive RT. For postoperative RT, it would be prudent to use different dose–volume limits.
Child Care Health Consultation Programs: Barriers and Recommendations

Objectives: While many studies describe the need for health services in early care and education (ECE) settings and the role of child care health consultants (CCHCs), little information exists about the challenges to developing health consultation programs. The goal of this paper is to provide insight for the development of current and future child care health consultation programs by describing the barriers identified by CCHCs related to program implementation in 20 California counties. Methods: Forty-four child care health consultants participated in nine focus groups during their health consultation training at the California Training Institute. Participants were asked to discuss the barriers they encountered while establishing new county-wide child care health consultation programs. Themes were assigned to each response, and frequency and percentage of each theme were documented and trends were identified. Results: The four general themes describing barriers to program implementation were: Program Management, Child Care Culture, Geography and Community Services. Twenty additional sub-themes, including Multi-agency involvement, Chaos, Travel time, and Fragmentation, were assigned to each response. The most frequent general theme was Program Management. The most frequent sub-theme was Professional Support. Conclusions: The barriers identified by the child care health consultants can be valuable for administrators and clinicians establishing or developing child care health consultation programs. Program managers should be prepared for the unique challenges of child care health consultation and provide flexibility and support for child care health consultants.
Properties of a Plane Grating Predisperser Used with a Grazing Incidence Vacuum Spectrograph

The performance of a plane, unblazed grating (600 lines/mm) as a predisperser has been investigated. Placed 7 cm in front of the primary slit of a 2-m grazing incidence vacuum spectrograph, the foregrating allowed passage of uv (100 to 500 A) into the spectrograph in 50 to 150 A bands. The spurious background observed when radiation passed directly through the primary slit was found to be absent from the predispersed spectra, which have been observed by both photographic and photoelectric methods. These spectra, free from scattered background and second-order images, exhibited measurable line displacement, up to 0.3 mm from the line image positions of the direct spectra. Such displacement, occuring naturally with the plane foregrating and shown to be in agreement with theoretical predictions, are sometimes found as a result of source misalignment with grazing incidence instruments. Use was made of the foregrating for isolation of true continuum radiation for the Vodar vacuum sliding spark and linear pinch sources.
The impact of patients’ participation on physicians’ patient-centered communication

Abstract Objective The goal of this study is to add to a small, but growing body of research exploring how patients’ communication style affects physicians’ communication. In particular, we examine how patients’ active participation (e.g., asking questions, providing information) affects physicians’ use of patient-centered communication. Methods The same 25 physicians were observed interacting with high and low participation patients. High participation was defined as the frequency of information seeking/verifying, information provision, assertive utterances, and expressing concerns. On average, physicians interviewed 2.56 high participation patients and 3.44 low participation patients. Transcripts of the interviews were coded for physicians’ patient-centered communication. High and low patient participation interviews were then compared using nested ANOVAs. Results When interacting with high participation patients, physicians engaged in significantly more patient-centered communication overall than when interacting with low participation patients. Analyses on separate components of patient-centeredness indicated that physicians engaged in significantly more exploring of patients’ disease and illness, but did not engage in significantly more understanding of the whole person or finding of common ground. Conclusion Patients who actively participate in medical interviews influence physicians to adopt a more patient-centered style of communication.
Teaching History in Business Schools: An Insider's View

I question Madansky's (2008) critique of stand-alone business history courses by arguing that the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007 and the financial panic of 2008 may not have occurred if business ...
Location and linkage systems: A survey and reassessment

The paper constitutes a survey and reassessment of the literature on location and linkages. The analysis begins with a brief review of published work on the formal character of complexes of economic activity. The issue of agglomeration economies and linkage structure is then discussed and its relation to urbanization phenomena examined. From here, the account moves into a detailed investigation of the role of transport costs in the determination of linkage patterns. An attempt is made to systematize the evidence from a large number of applied studies on the various effects of the clustering and dispersal of productive activities on linkage structure. Various empirical analyses of the organization of production units and its effect on linkages are reviewed. A composite theory is then proposed on the basis of an account of the common dependence of both location and linkage on broad production system dynamics. The paper concludes with a brief glimpse at the possibilities of extending the theoretical apparatus developed here by integrating it with work that is currently going forward on the form and evolution of local labor markets.
Considering the surround in device-independent color imaging

When viewing images, the relative luminance of the surround has a profound impact on the apparent contrast of the image. For this reason, photographic transparencies intended for projection in a darkened room are produced with an objective contrast substantially higher than that necessary for optimum reproduction as prints viewed in an illuminated surround. the dark surround causes the image elements to appear lighter and this effect is stronger for darker colors resulting in a loss in perceived contrast. This effect is also of great importance in deviceindependent color imaging since resultant images might be observed in a wide variety of media and viewing conditions. Research on psychophysical scaling of brightness and lightness and the effects of background and surround relative luminance on lightness and chroma is reviewed. the importance of this research for device-independent color imaging systems is described along with the prediction of these effects using the RLAB color-appearance model. Finally, experiments testing the use of RLAB and other color-appearance models in cross-media color reproduction applications are described.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel β Subunit of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase That Is Active in the Absence of a Second Subunit and Is Relatively Insensitive to Nitric Oxide

Abstract Previously characterized soluble guanylyl cyclases form α-β heterodimers that can be activated by the gaseous messenger, nitric oxide. In mammals, four subunits have been cloned, named α1, α2, β1, and β2. We have identified a novel soluble guanylyl cyclase isoform from the nervous system of the insectManduca sexta that we have named M. sextaguanylyl cyclase β3 (MsGC-β3). It is most closely related to the mammalian β subunits but has several features that distinguish it from previously identified soluble cyclases. Most importantly, MsGC-β3 does not need to form heterodimers to form an active enzyme because guanylyl cyclase activity can be measured when it is expressed alone in COS-7 cells. Moreover, this activity is only weakly enhanced in the presence of the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside. Several of the amino acids in rat β1 subunits, previously identified as being important in heme binding or necessary for nitric oxide activation, are substituted with nonsimilar amino acids in MsGC-β3. There are also an additional 315 amino acids C-terminal to the catalytic domain of MsGC-β3 that have no sequence similarity to any known protein. Northern blot analysis shows that MsGC-β3 is primarily expressed in the nervous system of Manduca.
Stimulation of hepatocellular proliferation by a serum factor from thioacetamide-treated rats.

Abstract Rats treated with thioacetamide undergo hepatocellular proliferation reminiscent of liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. 36 h after administration of 50 mg thioacetamide/kg body weight to rats, [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA reaches a peak of 78 · 10 3 dpm/mg DNA compared to a control of 3.2 · 10 3 dpm/mg DNA. Serum obtained from 6 to 48 h after administration of thioacetamide to rats stimulated hepatic but not kidney DNA synthesis in mice and rats. Autoradiography revealed an increase in the incorporation of labelled thymidine into the nuclei of mouse hepatocytes. The mitotic index of the liver was also increased. The serum factor stimulating these changes in the liver was non-dialyzable and heat stable. These results indicate that thioacetamide induced liver injury results in a humoral factor which stimulates DNA synthesis in rat and mouse liver which has similar properties to a growth-stimulating factor previously identified in the serum from partially hepatectomized rats.
SAFKASI: a security mechanism for language-based systems

In order to run untrusted code in the same process as trusted code, there must be a mechanism to allow dangerous calls to determine if their caller is authorized to exercise the privilege of using the dangerous routine. Java systems have adopted a technique called stack inspection to address this concern. But its original definition, in terms of searching stack frames, had an unclear relationship to the actual achievement of security, overconstrained the implementation of a Java system, limited many desirable optimizations such as method inlining and tail recursion, and generally interfered with interprocedural optimization. We present a new semantics for stack inspection based on a belief logic and its implementation using the calculus of security-passing style which addresses the concerns of traditional stack inspection. With security-passing style, we can efficiently represent the security context for any method activation, and we can build a new implementation strictly by rewriting the Java bytecodes before they are loaded by the system. No changes to the JVM or bytecode semantics are necessary. With a combination of static analysis and runtime optimizations, our prototype implementation showes reasonable performance (although traditional stack inspection is still faster), and is easier to consider for languages beyond Java. We call our system SAFKASI (the Security Architecture Formerly Known as Stack Inspection).
BUBBLE-BASED ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE USING CHIRP INSONATION TO REDUCE STANDING WAVE EFFECTS

Bubble-based acoustic radiation force can measure local viscoelastic properties of tissue. High intensity acoustic waves applied to laser-generated bubbles induce displacements inversely proportional to local Young's modulus. In certain instances, long pulse durations are desirable but are susceptible to standing wave artifacts, which corrupt displacement measurements. Chirp pulse acoustic radiation force was investigated as a method to reduce standing wave artifacts. Chirp pulses with linear frequency sweep magnitudes of 100, 200 and 300 kHz centered around 1.5 MHz were applied to glass beads within gelatin phantoms and laser-generated bubbles within porcine lenses. The ultrasound transducer was translated axially to vary standing wave conditions, while comparing displacements using chirp pulses and 1.5 MHz tone burst pulses of the same duration and peak rarefactional pressure. Results demonstrated significant reduction in standing wave effects using chirp pulses, with displacement proportional to acoustic intensity and bubble size.
Photoelectrochemical responses of anodized titanium oxide films

Thin titanium films of 200 nm thickness were prepared by physical vapor deposition over conducting glass plates and anodized to form titanium oxide nanostructured film that demonstrates photoactivity under ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) illumination. Absorbance and photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that the anodized and nitrogen annealed films absorb UV-vis (λ = 300 to 800 nm) illumination to produce a current of 2.5 mA at 0 V and 3 mA at +0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl. A photocurrent of 110 µA and an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 300 mV was noted without application of external bias. Long-term stability tests showed that the photocurrent was stable for 2 h under continuous illumination. The titanium oxide prepared from a small fraction of titanium deposited over conducting glass demonstrates almost similar activity compared with titanium oxides prepared on foils. The material offers promising potential in other applications such as environmental remediation and photocatalytic water splitting.
Infected Ventriculo‐atrial Shunts: Some Principles of Treatment

SUMMARY The authors review 20 cases of shunt infection. Using intraventricular and systemic antibiotics, 12 cases have remained asymptomatic for over one year, and are thought to be cured of infection. Another 5 patients have remained asymptomatic for between 5 and 12 months. Ten patients have had shunt replacement in addition to antibiotic therapy, while the other 10 have been treated without surgical shunt replacement. The authors conclude, therefore, that vigorous, intensive antibiotic therapy is successful in a significant number of patients and that sacrifice or replacement of the shunt is not invariably necessary. RESUME Shunts atrioventriculaires infectes: quelques principes de traitement Les auteurs passent en revue 20 cas d'infection de shunt. Apres usage d'antibiotiques intraventricuiaires et par voie generate, 12 cas sont restes asymptomatiques durant plus d'un an et on peut penser l'infection guerie. 5 autres malades sont demeures sans symptomes durant 5 a 12 mois. 10 malades ont eu une remise en place du shunt en plus du traitement antibiotique tandis que les 10 autres n'ont pas beneficie d“une remise en place chirurgicale du shunt. Les auteurs concluent done qu'une therapeutique antibiotique energique et intensive est a elle seule efficace chez un nombre significatif de malades et que le sacrifice ou la remise en place du shunt n'est pas obligatoire. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Infizierte Ventriculo-Atriale Shunts: Einige Prinzipien der Behandlung Die Autoren besprechen 20 Falle von Shunt-Infektion. Durch die Verwendung intra-ventrikularer und systemischer Antibiotika blieben 12 Falle uber ein Jahr asymptomatisch und werden als geheilt betrachtet. Weitere 5 Patienten sind seit 5 und 12 Monaten asymptomatisch. Zehn Patienten hatten zusatzlich zur antibiotischen Therapie einen Shuntersatz, wahrend die anderen 10 ohne chirurgischen Shuntersatz behandelt wurden. Die Autoren schliesen daraus, das eine starke, intensive Antibiotikatherapie bei einer signifikanten Anzahl von Patienten von Erfolg ist und das der Verzicht oder der Ersatz des Shunts nicht unbedingt notwendig ist. RESUMEN Shunts ventriculo-atriales infectados: algunos principios de tralamiento Los autores revisan 20 casos de shunts infectados. Usando antibioticos intraventriculares y sistemicos, 12 casos se han mantenido asintomaticos durante un ano, y se considera que estan curados de la infeccion. Otros 5 pacientes han permanecido asintomaticos entre 5 y 12 meses. A diez pacientes se les reemplazo el shunt, ademas de la terapeutica antibiotica, mientras que otros 10 han sido tratados sin reemplazamiento quirurgico del shunt. Por ello los autores concluyen que una terapia antibiotica vigorosa e intensiva tiene exito en un numero significativo de pacientes y que el reemplazamiento o el sacrificio del shunt no es invariable-mente necesario.
Can endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography replace ERCP in patients with suspected biliary disease? A prospective trial and cost analysis

Can endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography replace ERCP in patients with suspected biliary disease? A prospective trial and cost analysis
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Phenolic Disinfectants I: Release of Radioactivity from Carbon14-Labeled Escherichia coli

The ability of a number of phenolic disinfectants to cause leakage of cell contents of Escherichia coli was studied by exposing cells of the latter that had been labeled by incubating with C14 glutamate. Release of cell contents, as indicated by release of radioactivity, was found to be caused by phenol, p-chloro-m-xylenol, p-chloto-m-cresol, p-chloro-o-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 2,4-di-chloro-m-xylenol. Similar effects were caused by ethanol, mercuric chloride, acriflavine, and merthiolate. Tween 80 was found to protect E. coli from the lethal effects of p-chloro-m-xylenol and to prevent, in part, leakage of cell contents caused by the latter. Release of radioactivity was directly related to concentration of p-chloro-m-xylenol and pH had no marked effects.
High frequency isolated bus converter with gallium nitride transistors and integrated transformer

The trend in isolated DC/DC converters is increasing output power demands and higher operating frequencies. Improved topologies combined with gallium nitride (GaN) transistors can allow for lower loss at higher frequencies. A major barrier to further improvement is the transformer design. With high current levels and high frequency effects the transformers can become the major loss component in the circuit. This paper will study the impact of increased switching frequencies on transformer size, the ability of GaN transistors to increase switching frequency in high frequency resonant topologies, and propose an improved integrated transformer design that can decrease core loss and further improve the performance of traditional matrix transformers. The final demonstration being a Vin=48V, Vo=12V, Io=30A, 1.6MHz GaN converter with an improved integrated transformer offering a power density of 900W/in3.
Oxidation‐resistant reflective surfaces for solar dynamic power generation in near earth orbit

Reflective surfaces for space station power generation systems are required to withstand the atomic oxygen-dominated environment of near Earth orbit. Thin films of platinum and rhodium, which are corrosion resistant reflective metals, have been deposited by ion beam sputter deposition onto various substrate materials. Solar reflectances were then measured as a function of time of exposure to a RF-generated air plasma. Similarly, various protective coating materials, including MgF2, SiO2, Al2O3, and Si3N4, were deposited onto silver-coated substrates and then exposed to the plasma. Analysis of the films both before and after exposure by both ESCA and Auger spectroscopy was also performed. The results indicate that Pt and Rh do not suffer any loss in reflectance over the duration of the tests. Also, each of the coating materials survived the plasma environment. The ESCA and Auger analyses are discussed as well.
Perception of Talker Age by Young Adults with High-Functioning Autism

People with high-functioning Autism (HFA) can accurately identify social categories from speech, but they have more difficulty connecting linguistic variation in the speech signal to social stereotypes associated with those categories. In the current study, the perception and evaluation of talker age by young adults with HFA was examined. The participants with HFA performed similarly to a typically-developing comparison group in age classification and estimation tasks. Moreover, the participants with HFA were able to differentiate among talkers of different ages in a language attitudes task and rated older talkers as more intelligent than younger talkers. These results suggest that people with HFA are able to make reasonable social judgments about talkers based on their speech, at least for familiar social categories and personally relevant social attitudes.
Effect of substrate orientation on the crystal quality and surface roughness of Nb-doped TiO2 epitaxial films on TiO2

We have grown Nb-doped TiO2 epitaxial films on (100) and (110)-oriented TiO2 rutile substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Nb substitutionally incorporates at cation sites in the rutile lattice, forming NbxTi1−xO2 solid solutions. However, the crystal quality and surface roughness of the films depend strongly on the substrate orientation. Surface roughening and defect formation occur at lower values of x on (100) than on (110). This result is due to anisotropic changes in the metal-oxygen bond lengths within the rutile structure in going from TiO2 to NbO2; there are 1% and 12% changes in the metal atom to octahedron-base oxygen and metal atom to octahedron-vertex oxygen bond lengths, respectively. Every metal atom in the (100) growth surface has in-plane components of the 12% mismatch. However, only half of the metal atoms in the (110) growth plane have such components. Thus, there is substantially larger in-plane lattice mismatch when the growth surface is (100) compared to (110), resulting in surface roughening and formation of defects at a lower doping level for (100)-oriented NbxTi1−xO2 epitaxial films.
Use of phosphorescent and fluorescent dyes for lifetime-based imaging within tissues

The use of fluorescent and phosphorescent dyes has long been established in microscopy and bio-assays for rapid and accurate biochemical spectroscopy. In this work, we explore extension of these dyes for in vivo tissue spectroscopy. Using a theoretical model for the time-dependent light propagation through scattering media, we investigate the coupling of light propagation and re-emission kinetics for florescent and phosphorescent dyes delivered deep within tissues. Our results show that the use of phosphorescent dyes can provide spectroscopy or localization of specific tissue compartments, but may be information-poor for localized spectroscopy or imaging. While re-emitted fluorescence signals contain contributions owing to both light scattering and kinetics, they do contain the necessary information for localized spectroscopy.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Galileo's pendulums and planes

Le principe d'isochronisme des oscillations du pendule de Galilee decoule-t-il du raisonnement theorique du savant ou de ses mesures experimentales?
C/EBPβ regulates metastatic gene expression and confers TNF‐α resistance to prostate cancer cells

Background CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) is a transcription factor and consists of three isoforms, transcription-activating A/B (C/EBPbeta-AB) and transcription inhibitory C (C/EBPbeta-C). We previously reported that C/EBPbeta-C was predominantly expressed in hormone-dependent LNCaP cells, while C/EBPbeta-AB forms were predominant in hormone-independent prostate cancer (HI-PCa) cells. Methods Reporter gene analysis was performed to investigate transcriptional activity of C/EBPbeta on metastatic gene expression upon TNF-alpha treatment. NF-kappaB activation and C/EBPbeta protein upregulation were determined by immunoblotting. WST assay was used to determine the role of C/EBPbeta in TNF-alpha-induced cell death. Results We first determined that the C/EBPbeta-C overexpression or siRNA-mediated C/EBPbeta depletion decreased TNF-alpha-induced promoter activities of Bfl-1, IL-6, and IL-8 genes. IL-6 and IL-8 are autocrine growth factors of HI-PCa cells and Bfl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein whose function in prostate cancer is yet to be determined. Secondly, we determined differential regulation of C/EBPbeta by TNF-alpha. In DU-145 cells, C/EBPbeta was upregulated by TNF-alpha, but downregulated in LNCaP cells, although NF-kappaB was activated in both cells. This result suggested cell-type specific activation of signaling pathways leading to C/EBPbeta upregulation, which was distinct from that leading to NF-kappaB activation. Most importantly, C/EBPbeta depletion decreased cell growth and sensitized DU-145 cells to TNF-alpha-induced cell death. Conversely, overexpression of C/EBPbeta-A in LNCaP cells increased resistance to TNF-induced cell death and TNF-induced promoter activities of IL-6 and Bfl-1. Conclusion Our study, for the first time, demonstrated that C/EBPbeta regulated cell growth and conferred TNF-alpha resistance to PCa cells, in part, via regulation of metastatic gene expression. Prostate 69: 1435-1447, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cerebellar norepinephrine infusions facilitate recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury.

Abstract This study reports the effects of norepinephrine infusions into cerebellum after unilateral sensorimotor cortex injury. The results demonstrate an immediate and permanent acceleration in motor recovery in awake rats infused with 150 μg norepinephrine into the cerebellum contralateral to a right sensorimotor cortex ablation. A vehicle infusion or infusion of norepinephrine into the ipsilateral cerebellum produced no beneficial effects on functional recovery.
High levels of state or trait anxiety and performance on selected verbal WAIS subtests.

Upon entering a VA domiciliary Ss were given the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and WAIS subtests, Arithmetic (A), Similarities (S) and Digit Span (DS). Two analyses of variance were carried out among WAIS weighted scores on the three subtests for three groups of different state or trait anxiety levels (high, medium, and low). Analyses showed significant interactions between WAIS scaled scores and anxiety: p < .05 for state anxiety and p < .001 for trait anxiety. The high-anxiety group in each instance showed the classical expectation of a lower A and DS in comparison to S; performance on DS was highest for each medium anxiety group. The study of curvilinear relationships and interaction effects in anxiety was discussed.
Intent to receive an HPV vaccine among university men and women and implications for vaccine administration

Objective and Participants: In 2006, the authors examined intention to receive an HPV vaccine among 340 college students. Methods: A total of 138 men and 202 women completed questionnaires. The authors measured intention by asking participants how likely they would be to accept an HPV vaccine that prevented against (1) all HPV, (2) cervical cancer but not genital warts, (3) genital warts but not cervical cancer, and (4) both genital warts and cervical cancer. Results: Men and women reported high intent to receive an HPV vaccine, although women did so at a significantly higher rate (77.5% vs 88.6%, respectively; p < .01). Men were less willing to receive a vaccine that prevents cervical cancer alone than they were to receive one that prevents cervical cancer and genital warts (34.1% vs 77.5%, p < .001). Intent to receive the vaccine was significantly greater among participants who reported more than 5 sex partners and correctly answered 2 or 3 HPV knowledge questions. Conclusions: Interest varied according...
Shekh Ma Shieraki Anni: Typology of a fictional language created for artistic purposes

The goal of this paper is to establish a descriptive survey of Dothraki, using typological data as the main source of information, and then applying linguistic tools to determine if the language is typologically tractable. In order to do so, I selected Greenberg’s (1963) work on linguistic universals, based on its relevance and prevalence even to this day, despite the many other contributions that have been made in the field of typology. Each universal will therefore be applied to the Dothraki language, in order to see if it indeed conforms to most – if not all – of them.
Retrogradation and Gel Textural Attributes of Corn Starch Amylose and Amylopectin Fractions

Abstract An understanding of relationships between starch molecular structure and function could increase the opportunity to develop additional uses for starch. Using a combined aqueous (aq.) leaching and alcohol precipitation technique, six amylose fractions were obtained from regular and two high amylose (hAM) corn starches (50 and 70%). Five amylopectin fractions were obtained from regular and waxy corn starches. After freeze-drying the fractions, high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to estimate weight-average (Mw) and number-average (Mn) molecular weights, and to determine polydispersity (Mw/Mn) and purity. Increase in fraction reducing power after pullulanase treatment was determined and expressed as a relative index of branching. Amylose-fractions showed varying but similar (P>0·05) Mw(1·40–5·68E+05), similar polydispersities (2·1–2·9), and branching values (1·93E-04–4·14E-05). Amylose branching increased with decreasing Mw. Amylopectin had varying Mw(2·88–5·43E+07) and similar polydispersities (1·3–1·5), but different branching values (7·30E-04–1·54E-03), that did not follow any Mworder. Fraction melting temperatures, enthalpies, and gel retrogradation behaviours were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). No enthalpies were observed for amylose fractions. Amylopectin fractions with high branching values that had intermediate to low Mw(3·75–2·88E+07), showed marked retrogradation. Enthalpy was correlated neither to branching nor Mw. Gel textural profile analysis (fracturability, adhesive force, cohesiveness, and springiness) showed that for amylose, intermediate Mwfractions promoted less fracturability, while adhesive force, and stringiness increased with a decrease in Mw. For amylopectin, the intermediate Mwand highly branched fractions reduced fracturability, and promoted adhesive force, and stringiness. Amylopectin fractions of intermediate Mwand high extent of branching underwent increased retrogradation. Amylose gel textural attributes were governed by molecular weight, while molecular weight and branching governed amylopectin gel textural properties.
Gaussian approximation of signed rank statistics process

Abstract We consider the signed linear rank statistics of the form S ΔN = ∑ i=1 N c Ni o( R Δ Ni (N+1) ) sgn Y Δ Ni where the c Ni 's are known real numbers, Δ ∈[0,1] is an unknown real parameter, R Δ Ni is the rank of | Y Δ Ni | among | Y Δ Nj |, 1≤ j ≤ N , o is a score generating function, sgn y =1 or -1 according as y ≥0 or Y Δ Nj , 1≤ j ≤ N , are independent random variables with continuous cumulative distribution functions F ( y − Δd Nj ), 1≤ j ≤ N , respectively where the d fNi 's are known real numbers. Under suitable assumptions on the c 's, d 's, φ and F , it is proved that the random process { S ΔN − S 0 N − ES ΔN , 0≤ Δ ≤1}, properly normalized, converges weakly to a Gaussian process, and this result is also true if ES ΔN is replaced by Δb N , where b N =4 ∑ i=1 N c Ni d Ni ∫ 0 ∞ o′(2F(x)−1)ƒ 2 (x) d x and ƒ=F′ . As an application, we derive the asymptotic distribution of the properly normalized length of a confidence interval for Δ.
Hepatic carbonyl sulfide metabolism

Abstract Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is rapidly metabolized by isolated rat hepatocytes, as determined by COS disappearance. However, upon termination of the reaction by acidification much of the metabolized COS reappears in the headspace of the reaction vessel. The COS disappearance when determined after acidification is equal to the formation of carbon dioxide and an inorganic sulfur containing compound(s). The metabolism of COS by hepatocytes is inhibited by acetazolamine but not by carbon disulfide or inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450 containing monooxygenase system. Upon subcellular fractionation, the majority of hepatic COS metabolizing activity is found in the cytosol. Additional experiments with a partially purified enzyme indicate that COS is a substrate for hepatic carbonic anhydrase.
Remembering talk: Individual and gender differences in reported speech

This study examined individual and group differences in the nature and frequency of reports of past speech in the autobiographical memories of young adults. A sample of 108 participants (60 females, 48 males) responded in writing to six memory prompts. They also completed the Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The frequency with which participants used reported speech was correlated with agreeableness, openness, and expressivity; however, regression analyses indicated that narrators' gender alone was the best predictor. Females used more reported speech than did males. The findings suggest that recollections of past speech are an under-appreciated yet important component of autobiographical memory.