cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pose-Invariant Face Recognition Using Real and Virtual Views

The problem of automatic face recognition is to visually identify a person in an input image. This task is performed by matching the input face against the faces of known people in a database of faces. Most existing work in face recognition has limited the scope of the problem, however, by dealing primarily with frontal views, neutral expressions, and fixed lighting conditions. To help generalize existing face recognition systems, we are looking at the problem of recognizing faces under a range of viewpoints. In particular, we consider two cases of this problem: (i) many example views are available of each person, and (ii) only one view is available per person, perhaps a driver's license or passport photograph. Ideally, we would like to address these two cases using a simple view-based approach, where a person is represented in the database by using a number of views on the viewing sphere. While the view-based approach is consistent with case (i), for case (ii) we need to augment the single real view of each person with synthetic views from other viewpoints, views we call "virtual views". Virtual views are generated using prior knowledge of face rotation, knowledge that is "learned" from images of prototype faces. This prior knowledge is used to effectively rotate in depth the single real view available of each person. In this thesis, I present the view-based face recognizer, techniques for synthesizing virtual views, and experimental results using real and virtual views in the recognizer. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Possible Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Cockroach Nymphs by the Neurotransmitter Octopamine

Insects, including cockroaches, have the ability to select a proper diet from different nutrient choices. We have showed previously that various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators appear to regulate certain aspects of feeding in the cockroach, Rhyparobia madera. In the current study, we examined the role of octopamine in feeding behavior of cockroach nymphs. By either injection or direct incorporation into the diet blocks, an octopamine agonist (octopamine or synephrine) or antagonist (phentolamine) was effective in altering feeding in R. madera nymphs. Both octopamine and synephrine increased feeding slightly, while phentolamine decreased feeding dramatically. Phentolamine was able to decrease feeding, but not motor activity, when injected directly into the nymphs. Octopamine appears to cause increased feeding in the cockroach.
Elimination of Syphilis in the United States

Syphilis is currently at historic lows in the United States, but complex social issues and a weak public health infrastructure allow it to persist. The role of syphilis in promoting transmission of HIV infection has elevated its importance, while the Presidential apology for the Tuskegee Study has helped catalyze needed inquiry into the social determinants of syphilis. New scientific advances combined with increased involvement of affected populations could finally help break through toward elimination.
Calmodulin antagonists promote TRA-8 therapy of resistant pancreatic cancer

// Kaiyu Yuan 1 , Sun Yong 1 , Fei Xu 1 , Tong Zhou 2 , Jay M McDonald 1, 3 , Yabing Chen 1, 3 1 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, Birmingham, USA 2 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, Birmingham, USA 3 Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alabama 35294, Birmingham, USA Correspondence to: Yabing Chen, e-mail: ybchen@uab.edu Keywords: death receptor 5, apoptosis, resistance, calmodulin antagonists, pancreatic cancer Received: April 06, 2015 Accepted: June 30, 2015 Published: July 11, 2015 ABSTRACT Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant with limited therapy and a poor prognosis. TRAIL-activating therapy has been promising, however, clinical trials have shown resistance and limited responses of pancreatic cancers. We investigated the effects of calmodulin(CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine(TFP) and tamoxifen(TMX), on TRA-8-induced apoptosis and tumorigenesis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, and underlying mechanisms. TFP or TMX alone did not induce apoptosis of resistant PANC-1 cells, while they dose-dependently enhanced TRA-8-induced apoptosis. TMX treatment enhanced efficacy of TRA-8 therapy on tumorigenesis in vivo . Analysis of TRA-8-induced death-inducing-signaling-complex (DISC) identified recruitment of survival signals, CaM/Src, into DR5-associated DISC, which was inhibited by TMX/TFP. In contrast, TMX/TFP increased TRA-8-induced DISC recruitment/activation of caspase-8. Consistently, caspase-8 inhibition blocked the effects of TFP/TMX on TRA-8-induced apoptosis. Moreover, TFP/TMX induced DR5 expression. With a series of deletion/point mutants, we identified CaM antagonist-responsive region in the putative Sp1-binding domain between -295 to -300 base pairs of DR5 gene. Altogether, we have demonstrated that CaM antagonists enhance TRA-8-induced apoptosis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by increasing DR5 expression and enhancing recruitment of apoptotic signal while decreasing survival signals in DR5-associated DISC. Our studies support the use of these readily available CaM antagonists combined with TRAIL-activating agents for pancreatic cancer therapy.
Characterization of Maximum Current Capacity for Microprocessor Sockets

This paper presents the current-carrying-capacity (CCC) characterization of a land-grid-array type microprocessor socket. This CCC study has been performed using both computational modeling and experiments using infrared camera. A subsequent risk assessment was performed against the maximum allowed temperature at the point of pressure contact of socket pin for the use-condition socket pin current and motherboard temperature. The results from the modeling and the experimental results are compared.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Using topological analysis to support event-guided exploration in urban data

The explosion in the volume of data about urban environments has opened up opportunities to inform both policy and administration and thereby help governments improve the lives of their citizens, increase the efficiency of public services, and reduce the environmental harms of development. However, cities are complex systems and exploring the data they generate is challenging. The interaction between the various components in a city creates complex dynamics where interesting facts occur at multiple scales, requiring users to inspect a large number of data slices over time and space. Manual exploration of these slices is ineffective, time consuming, and in many cases impractical. In this paper, we propose a technique that supports event-guided exploration of large, spatio-temporal urban data. We model the data as time-varying scalar functions and use computational topology to automatically identify events in different data slices. To handle a potentially large number of events, we develop an algorithm to group and index them, thus allowing users to interactively explore and query event patterns on the fly. A visual exploration interface helps guide users towards data slices that display interesting events and trends. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on two different data sets from New York City (NYC): data about taxi trips and subway service. We also report on the feedback we received from analysts at different NYC agencies.
Adsorption of arsenate and arsenite on ferrihydrite in the presence and absence of dissolved organic carbon.

The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) on synthetic two-line ferrihydrite in the presence and absence of a peat humic acid (HA p ), Suwannee River fulvic acid (FA), or citric acid (CA) was investigated. Previous work with goethite has demonstrated the ability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to decrease As(V) and As(III) adsorption. The results obtained demonstrate that As(V) adsorption on ferrihydrite was decreased only in the presence of CA. Arsenate decreased the adsorption of all organic acids except HA p . Both FA and CA reduced As(III) adsorption on ferrihydrite, while HA p had no effect. Fulvic and citric acid adsorption on ferrihydrite was decreased in the presence of As(III); however, FA and CA adsorption increased at lower pH, which was consistent with decreased As(III) adsorption. Peat humic acid did not decrease As(III) adsorption, and we believe that the adsorption process of HA p and As(III) and As(V) on ferrihydrite are independent of each other. Previously, we observed that As(V) adsorption on goethite decreased in the presence of HA p > FA > CA, while As(III) adsorption on goethite was decreased similarly to that on ferrihydrite in the presence of CA > FA ≃ HA p , yet As(III) adsorption on ferrihydrite was greater than on goethite. The observed differences between this study and the earlier study on goethite are believed to be an intricate function of ferrihydrite's surface characteristics, which affect the mechanisms of adsorption and hence the affinity of organic acids such as HA p , FA, and CA for the ferrihydrite surface. As such, the adsorption of DOCs to ferrihydrite are assumed to be less favorable and to occur with a fewer number of ligands, resulting in lower surface coverage of weaker bond strength.
Atmospheric formation of chloroform from trichloroethylene

Abstract Chloroform has been observed as a photochemical product in simulated ambient air containing trichloroethylene, paralleling a previous observation of carbon tetrachloride formation from perchloroethylene. Some portion of the atmospheric budget of these chloromethanes may perhaps be attributed to this process. Toxic products such as phosgene and chloro‐acetylchlorides are formed. This process may well provide another source of stratospheric ozone‐destroying chlorine atoms.
Evaluation of viscosity values for mixing and compaction temperatures

For many years, ASTM D 2493 has been used as a reference for determining mixing and compaction temperatures for asphalt binders. However, this method only applies to neat or unmodified binders. With the inception of modified binders, which incorporate various additives that stiffen binders, this method predicts unreasonably high mixing and compaction temperatures. The current study examined 50 commercially available binders. In this study, the viscosity values that are used for temperature selection were evaluated. Modified binders that are currently in industry are stiff, which makes it not possible to achieve reasonable temperatures using the current viscosity values. Therefore it was necessary to determine more appropriate viscosity ranges. Based on testing done with these binders, more reasonable viscosity ranges, centered on values of 0.275 and 0.550 Pa s , were chosen. The new viscosity range, coupled with a higher shear rate of 500 s−1 , resulted in more reasonable mixing and compaction temperature...
On the driving traction acting on a surface of discontinuity within a continuum in the presence of electromagnetic fields

The notion of the driving traction of Knowles [6] is generalized to account for the interaction of a continuum with electromagnetic fields, and the expression for the generalized driving traction is reduced to that of Abeyaratne and Knowles [15] in the absence of electromagnetic fields. The admissibility condition implied by the second law of thermodynamics is discussed and the results are consistent with those obtained in [23] where a thermoelastic polarizable material undergoing a bulk phase transition is considered.
Adolescent exposure to methylphenidate has no effect on the aversive properties of cocaine in adulthood

Methylphenidate is the most widely prescribed pharmacotherapeutic treatment of AD/HD in children and teens and has actions that are also involved in drug reward and reinforcement. Its clinical use has often raised concerns over the possibility that it could potentiate the risk for later drug-related problems. Animals exposed to methylphenidate during adolescence exhibit attenuated cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, but tend to self-administer cocaine more quickly than controls. A drug's abuse potential, as reflected by self-administration, is thought to be the product of a balance between its rewarding and aversive properties, thus the present research assessed the effects of adolescent exposure to methylphenidate on conditioned taste aversions induced by cocaine in adulthood in 132 male Sprague Dawley rats. Although cocaine induced robust dose-dependent taste aversions in accordance with previous research, there were no effects of adolescent exposure to methylphenidate in spite of evidence that it was behaviorally active. The present results indicate that changes in adult cocaine self-administration are not likely mediated by changes in the aversive response. The possibility that such changes are a function of reductions in reward threshold is discussed.
Current Research on the Historical Development of Northern Iroquoian Societies

The archaeological record of Northern Iroquoian peoples contributes to global questions about ethnogenesis, the emergence of settled village life, agricultural intensification, the development of complex organizational structures, and processes of cultural and colonial entanglement. In the last decade, the rapid accumulation of data and the application of contemporary theoretical perspectives have led to significant advances in Iroquoian archaeology, including new insights about how demographic, ecological, and cultural processes intersect at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Internal and external factors accelerated processes of cultural change, particularly during periods of conflict, coalescence, and encroachment. This review considers the historical development of Northern Iroquoian societies from the beginning of the Late Woodland through the colonial era. The dynamism of the settlement landscape is highlighted, together with the fluidity of sociopolitical identities.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the VA health care system: a systematic review.

Objectives: To better understand the causes of racial disparities in health care, we reviewed and synthesized existing evidence related to disparities in the “equal access” Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. Methods: We systematically reviewed and synthesized evidence from studies comparing health care utilization and quality by race within the VA. Results: Racial disparities in the VA exist across a wide range of clinical areas and service types. Disparities appear most prevalent for medication adherence and surgery and other invasive procedures, processes that are likely to be affected by the quantity and quality of patient–provider communication, shared decision making, and patient participation. Studies indicate a variety of likely root causes of disparities including: racial differences in patients’ medical knowledge and information sources, trust and skepticism, levels of participation in health care interactions and decisions, and social support and resources; clinician judgment/bias; the racial/cultural milieu of health care settings; and differences in the quality of care at facilities attended by different racial groups. Conclusions: Existing evidence from the VA indicates several promising targets for interventions to reduce racial disparities in the quality of health care.
Angioscopic versus angiographic detection of thrombus during coronary interventional procedures

The purpose of this study was to compare angiography and angioscopy for the detection of thrombus during coronary interventional procedures. The diagnosis of coronary thrombus has important clinical implications. Angioscopy can directly visualize the coronary luminal surface and may be more accurate than angiography in the diagnosis of thrombus. Angiography and angioscopy were sequentially performed in 75 patients undergoing a variety of interventional cardiology procedures during 117 distinct procedural time points. The angiographic presence of thrombus was defined as a noncalcified filling defect outlined on at least 3 sides by contrast media. The angioscopic presence of thrombus was defined as red material protruding into the lumen (intraluminal thrombus) or adherent to the luminal wall (mural thrombus) that persisted despite flushing. Thrombus was detected on 14 occasions (12.0%) by angiography compared with 48 (41.0%) by angioscopy (p < 0.05). In 4 of the 14 episodes (28.6%) of angiographic filling defects, angioscopy found no evidence of thrombus and provided an alternative explanation for the angiographic filling defect. When angioscopy was used as a reference standard, the sensitivity of thrombus detection by angiography was 20.8%, with a specificity of 94.2% and a predictive value of 71.4%. The sensitivity of angiography for the detection of intraluminal (protruding into the lumen) thrombus was 100% compared with only 10% for mural (adherent to the luminal wall) thrombus (p < 0.05). Angioscopy was significantly more accurate than angiography for detecting coronary thrombus and may be considered an improved reference standard for this diagnosis.
Formation of infectious progeny virus after insertion of herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene into DNA of an avian retrovirus

We have prepared several infectious stocks of an avian retrovirus, spleen necrosis virus, containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene. The viruses were produced after cotransfection of chicken cells with DNA from recombinants between cloned spleen necrosis virus and tk DNAs and DNA of cloned reticuloendotheliosis virus strain A. removal of sequences in the tk gene for the end of tk mRNA increased a thousand fold the yield of infectious recombinant virus. Infection of chicken or rat tk- cells with the recombinant virus transformed them to a tk+ phenotype.
Regeneration of taste buds in tongue grafts after reinnervation by neurons in transplanted lumbar sensory ganglia.

Abstract Taste buds disappear after denervation and reappear after nerve regeneration. Sensory neurons are responsible since reinnervation by motor or autonomic fibers of peripheral nerve fail to induce bud regeneration. However, we do not know whether some neurons in all sensory ganglia can support buds or whether gustatory (i.e., taste bud inducing) neurons are localized to specific cranial ganglia. The present study was therefore pefrormed to determine whether neurons in transplanted spinal ganglia could support taste buds similarly to those in transplanted cranial ganglia. Grafts of lumbar or vagal nodose ganglia were combined with grafts of tongue's vallate papillae in the anterior chamber of rats' eyes and the papillae examined for taste buds 35 days later. Neurons were present in all transplanted ganglia, and all papillae reinnervated by them contained regenerated taste buds. Nerve fibers could be traced from the transplanted ganglia to the epithelium of the tongue grafts which bore the regenerated taste buds. Papillae transplanted without ganglia lacked buds. These findings indicate that some neurons in all sensory ganglia can induce taste bud formation. The present results could occur if gustatory neurons are intrinsically present in all sensory ganglia, but an alternative interpretation is that the tongue grafts transformed some neurons into gustatory neurons and, hence, that neuronal plasticity is involved.
Internal structural variations in a debris-avalanche deposit from ancestral Mount Shasta, California, USA

Various parameters of the internal structure of a debris-avalanche deposit from ancestral Mount Shasta (size and percentage of block facies in each exposure, number and width of jigsaw cracks, and number of rounded clasts in matrix facies) were measured in order to study flow and emplacement mechanisms. Three types of coherent blocks were identified: blocks of massive or brecciated lava flows or domes, blocks of layered volcaniclastic deposits, and blocks of accidental material, typically from sedimentary units underlying Shasta Valley. The mean maximum dimension of the three largest blocks of layered volcaniclastic material is 220 m, and that of the lava blocks, 110 m. This difference may reflect plastic deformation of blocks of layered volcaniclastic material; blocks of massive or brecciated volcanic rock deformated brittly and may have split into several smaller blocks. The blocks in the deposit are one order of magnitude larger, and the height of collapse 1100 m higher, than the Pungarehu debris-avalanche deposit at Mount Egmont, New Zealand, although the degree of fracturing is about the same.This suggests either that the Shasta source material was less broken, or that the intensity of any accompanying explosion was smaller at ancestral Mount Shasta. The Shasta debris-avalanche deposit covered the floor of a closed basin; the flanks of the basin may have retarded the opening of jigsaw cracks and the formation of stretched and deformed blocks such as those of the Pungarehu debris-avalanche deposit.
Semantic video indexing: approach and issues

Providing concept level access to video data requires, video management systems tailored to the domain of the data. Effective indexing and retrieval for high-level access mandates the use of domain knowledge. This paper proposes an approach based on the use of knowledge models to building domain specific video information systems. The key issues in such systems are identified and discussed.
Using Lanchester equations for sequential battle prediction enabling better military decision support

This paper documents an innovative method for analysing multiple sequential interactions between two forces engaged in battle, to assist military strategists in deploying forces appropriately. It builds on previous combat models for the calculation of probabilistic distributions of battle results and permits analysis of repeated opposing force interactions. The goal is to provide military decision-makers with a more applicable method, enabling better decision-support tools to aid in military planning and operations. The paper makes several recommendations for suggested strategies in sequential battles based on the results of example problems.
Mobility and School Functioning in the Early Grades.

Abstract The relationship between initial school functioning and subsequent student mobility was examined among a sample of 2,524 early elementary school students from low-income families. Academic, behavioral, and school adjustment data were collected in the year of the study. The students then were trailed for 3 years, during which time their school mobility was observed. Analyses indicate that the most mobile students tended to have poorer initial school behavior ratings and school adjustment and to be from single-parent families. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Solar bright points in 3840 A and H-alpha.

Analysis of bright features in 3840 A and Hα shows that forevery Ellerman bomb (Hα-0.9 A) there is a cospatial brightening in the 3840 A network. We give properties of these bright points in both wavelengths as well as describe: (1) the appearance, and subsequent separation, of new elements in the 3840 A network and (2) the direct transition from a 3840 A bright point to a new sunspot.
Microblaze: an application-independent fpga-based profiler (abstract only)

Monitoring the functional behavior of an application is an important capability that assists in exploring the performance of a target application against different SW/HW implementations. Recently, there have been efforts to exploit the ability to trace the internal signals of the soft-core processors for developing FPGA-based profiling tools to monitor programs running on these processors. However, these previously developed techniques are application-dependent, i.e., they require the designer either to edit the HDL code or the application code to obtain the desired trace information when targeting new applications. In this research, we propose an application-independent profiling technique using the MicroBlaze/FPGA platform where profiling library or user-defined functions can be achieved by tracing the unique instruction flow that distinguishes functions from each other rather than monitoring the program counter value (the addresses of the functions). Hence, modifying the application code or targeting new application does not require reconfiguring the FPGA or modifying the application code for targeting the same functions. This technique can be used to analyze the target application at the source code level, observing the dominant operations and demanded resources that characterize the system behavior. In addition, this technique can assist in selecting the appropriate processor architecture for a given application by considering MicroBlaze as a reference architecture from which the functional behavior of the target application can be mapped to the performance of other architectures.
A geometric multigrid Poisson solver for domains containing solid inclusions

Abstract A Cartesian grid method for the fast solution of the Poisson equation in three-dimensional domains with embedded solid inclusions is presented and its performance analyzed. The efficiency of the method, which assume Neumann conditions at the immersed boundaries, is comparable to that of a multigrid method for regular domains. The method is light in terms of memory usage, and easily adaptable to parallel architectures. Tests with random and ordered arrays of solid inclusions, including spheres and ellipsoids, demonstrate smooth convergence of the residual for small separation between the inclusion surfaces. This feature is important, for instance, in simulations of nearly-touching finite-size particles. The implementation of the method, “MG-Inc”, is available online. Program summary Program title: MG-Inc Catalogue identifier: AEOE_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEOE_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 19068 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 215118 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++ (fully tested with GNU GCC compiler). Computer: Any machine supporting standard C++ compiler. Operating system: Any OS supporting standard C++ compiler. RAM: About 150MB for 128 3 resolution Classification: 4.3. Nature of problem: Poisson equation in domains containing inclusions; Neumann boundary conditions at immersed boundaries. Solution method: Geometric multigrid with finite-volume discretization. Restrictions: Stair-case representation of the immersed boundaries. Running time: Typically a fraction of a minute for 128 3 resolution.
Use of aldosterone antagonists in heart failure.

Context Aldosterone antagonists are recommended for patients with moderate to severe heart failure (HF) and systolic dysfunction. Prior studies suggest underuse of aldosterone antagonists in eligible patients as well as overuse in settings in which therapy may be harmful. Objective To examine aldosterone antagonist prescription based on HF management guideline criteria, investigator-defined appropriateness criteria, and trends over time in patients hospitalized with heart failure. Design, Setting, and Patients Observational analysis of 43 625 patients admitted with HF and discharged home from 241 hospitals participating in the Get With The Guidelines–HF quality improvement registry between January 2005 and December 2007. Main Outcome Measures Prescription and predictors of use of aldosterone antagonists, based on guideline criteria. Results Among 12 565 patients eligible for aldosterone antagonist therapy, 4087 (32.5%) received an aldosterone antagonist at discharge, and treatment increased modestly from 28% to 34% over the study period. There was also wide variation in aldosterone antagonist use among hospitals (0%-90.6%). Aldosterone antagonist use in eligible patients was associated with younger age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.88), African American race/ethnicity (adjusted OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32), lower systolic blood pressure (adjusted OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95), history of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use (adjusted OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.69), depression (adjusted OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.30), alcohol use (adjusted OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50), and pacemaker implantation (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06-1.38), and with having no history of renal insufficiency (adjusted OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.96). Applying serum creatinine and potassium appropriateness criteria, inappropriate and potentially inappropriate use of aldosterone antagonist therapy was low and did not change over the 3-year study period. Conclusions Less than one-third of eligible patients hospitalized for HF and participating in a quality improvement registry received HF guideline–recommended aldosterone antagonist therapy. Use of aldosterone antagonist therapy among patients with documented contraindications was low.
Resistivity of Single Crystal Zinc

Measurements of specific resistance as a function of orientation check the Voigt-Thomson symmetry relation accurately for crystals made from Kahlbaum's best zinc. The principal resisitivities are: ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}={6.20}^{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}={5.86}^{8}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ohms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, with the ratio $\frac{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}=1.057$. For "spectroscopically pure" zinc the majority of the crystals yield consistently the same value of $\frac{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$, with ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ each about 0.6 percent lower than for the Kahlbaum zinc crystals. A few crystals of the S.P. zinc give anomalous results of a type previously found by Bridgman. The disagreement between the writer's values (particularly of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ and $\frac{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$) and Bridgman's most recent values does not seem explicable in terms of an effect on resistivity of strain, but rather must be ascribed to differences in the crystals caused by some as yet unknown conditions governing the crystal growing process.
Anisotropic, long-range elastic interaction between adatoms

Abstract The interaction between two adatoms mediated by the elastic distortion of the substrate is calculated using the Green's functions derived by Maradudin et al. for semi-infinite hexagonal and cubic crystals. For a substrate with hexagonal symmetry with the surface parallel to the basal plane, the interaction energy is isotropic over the substrate surface, and varies as R −3 with the separation R of the adatoms, as in the case of an elastically isotropic substrate. The interaction between adatoms on the (100) face of cubic crystal also varies as R −3 , but is anisotropic. In many cases, the interaction between identical adatoms is attractive along the cube axes and repulsive along directions at 45° to the axes.
Primary natural killer/T-cell lymphoma presenting as leptomeningeal disease.

Abstract Introduction Primary central nervous system natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (primary-CNS-NK/TCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. To our knowledge, only five patients have been described previously, all of whom were male, with brain parenchymal involvement and previous Epstein–Barr virus infection, it has never been reported to present as leptomeningeal disease as our case. Our objective is to report a rare case of primary-CNS-NK/TCL presenting as leptomeningeal disease and to share our diagnostic/therapeutic approach to this rare disease. Methods We report a rare case of primary-CNS-NK/TCL presenting as leptomeningeal disease. The patient was diagnosed and treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Results The patient presented with multiple cranial neuropathies and gait ataxia. Brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated leptomeningeal enhancement of the cerebellar folia/vermis, spinal cord dura, and both temporal lobes as well as adjacent brain parenchymal disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed atypical lymphoma cells of NK/T-cell lineage by flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Molecular analysis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction did not detect Epstein–Barr virus DNA in the lymphoma cells. Bone marrow biopsy revealed no morphologic, flow cytometric, or immunohistochemical evidence of B-, T- or NK-cell lymphoma. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated no evidence of intraocular lymphoma. Whole-body PET scan showed no evidence of malignancy other than CNS disease. The patient was given systemic chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate, vincristine, and procarbazine, along with intrathecal therapy with free cytarabine. The patient showed clinicoradiographic improvement and CSF cytology became negative. Conclusion This case highlights an atypical presentation of primary-CNS-NK/TCL with a potentially successful treatment regimen.
Development of a Systems Approach for Livestock Research in ERS

Systems analysis is today's way of research be it in the social or physical sciences, but it has taken many directions, each of multiple dimensions, so when a researcher writes about his work in systems analysis, the reader often must ask his definition of it. This paper traces the development of the systems approach to research in the Meat Animals Program Area of the Economic Research Service and defines the current concept of systems research in this program area.
Conformational Dependence of Hemoglobin Reactivity under High Viscosity Conditions: The Role of Solvent Slaved Dynamics

The concept of protein dynamic states is introduced. This concept is based on (i) protein dynamics being organized hierarchically with respect to solvent slaving and (ii) which tier of dynamics is operative over the time window of a given measurement. The protein dynamic state concept is used to analyze the kinetic phases derived from the recombination of carbon monoxide to sol-gel-encapsulated human adult hemoglobin (HbA) and select recombinant mutants. The temperature-dependent measurements are made under very high viscosity conditions obtained by bathing the samples in an excess of glycerol. The results are consistent with a given tier of solvent slaved dynamics becoming operative at a time delay (with respect to the onset of the measurement) that is primarily solvent- and temperature-dependent. However, the functional consequences of the dynamics are protein- and conformation-specific. The kinetic traces from both equilibrium populations and trapped allosteric intermediates show a consistent progression that exposes the role of both conformation and hydration in the control of reactivity. Iron-zinc symmetric hybrid forms of HbA are used to show the dramatic difference between the kinetic patterns for T state alpha and beta subunits. The overall results support a model for allostery in HbA in which the ligand-binding-induced transition from the deoxy T state to the high -affinity R state proceeds through a progression of T state intermediates.
Evaporation of the microlayer in hemispherical bubble growth in nucleate boiling of liquid metals

Abstract In this paper, a thermal analysis is used to estimate the extent of evaporation of the microlayer in hemispherical bubble growth, in nucleate boiling of liquid metals on heated surfaces. As the bubble grows, evaporation of the microlayer produces a dry patch at its center, whose size depends on the thermal and physical properties of the system, the roughness of the heating surface, and the boiling pressure. It was found that the area of this patch relative to that of the microlayer (or bubble base) is typically very small for liquid metals, and can be neglected in most theoretical analyses of bubble growth. It was further found that the loss of liquid from the microlayer due to evaporation into the bubble is at most a few percent, in a typical case. Since both the calculational model and mathematical analysis involve a number of simplifying assumptions, the numerical results of this pioneering study should be considered approximate.
Endogenous opioids mediate left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS-induced analgesia

The concurrent rise of undertreated pain and opiate abuse poses a unique challenge to physicians and researchers alike. A focal, noninvasive form of brain stimulation called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to produce acute and chronic analgesic effects when applied to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but the anatomical and pharmacological mechanisms by which prefrontal rTMS induces analgesia remain unclear. Data suggest that DLPFC mediates top-down analgesia via gain modulation of the supraspinal opioidergic circuit. This potential pathway might explain how prefrontal rTMS reduces pain. The purpose of this sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover study was to determine whether left DLPFC rTMS-induced analgesia was sensitive to μ-opioid blockade. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomized to receive real or sham TMS after either intravenous saline or naloxone pretreatment. Acute hot and cold pain via quantitative sensory testing and hot allodynia via block testing on capsaicin-treated skin were assessed at baseline and at 0, 20, and 40 minutes after TMS treatment. When compared to sham, real rTMS reduced hot pain and hot allodynia. Naloxone pretreatment significantly reduced the analgesic effects of real rTMS. These results demonstrate that left DLPFC rTMS-induced analgesia requires opioid activity and suggest that rTMS drives endogenous opioidergic pain relief in the human brain. Further studies with chronic dosing regimens of drugs that block or augment the actions of opiates are needed to determine whether TMS can augment opiates in chronic or postoperative pain management.
Measles Virus Replication in Lungs of Hispid Cotton Rats after Intranasal Inoculation

Hispid cotton rats were inoculated intranasally with either measles virus (MV) Edmonston, a multipassaged, tissue culture-adapted strain of MV, or with one of three clinical MV isolates that had limited passages (three to five times) in tissue culture cells. MV Edmonston was recovered from the lungs of every (n = 37) hispid cotton rat inoculated with this virus for at least 7 days after virus inoculation. Peak pulmonary titers occurred on Day +4 (3.3-4.4 log10/g lung). Scattered areas of inflammation were observed interstitially in lung sections from infected animals stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and a similar pattern of diffuse fluorescence was seen in cryostat sections stained with an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure specific for virus antigens. Fluorescent antibody and virus isolation studies on lung lavage cells both suggested that lung leukocytes were a primary target of the virus. In contrast to these findings, virus was isolated only sporadically from hispid cotton rats inoculated with any of the clinical measles virus isolates. Despite the restricted growth of MV in these animals, cotton rats may be useful for studying certain aspects of measles virus pathogenesis and for screening potential antiviral compounds in vivo.
Characterization of five human cDNAs with homology to the yeast SIR2 gene: Sir2-like proteins (sirtuins) metabolize NAD and may have protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.

The yeast Sir2 protein regulates epigenetic gene silencing and as a possible antiaging effect it suppresses recombination of rDNA. Studies involving cobB, a bacterial SIR2-like gene, have suggested it could encode a pyridine nucleotide transferase. Here five human sirtuin cDNAs are characterized. The SIRT1 sequence has the closest homology to the S. cerevisiae Sir2p. The SIRT4 and SIRT5 sirtuins more closely resemble prokaryotic sirtuin sequences. The five human sirtuins are widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues. Recombinant E. coli cobT and cobB proteins each showed a weak NAD-dependent mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity using 5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole as a substrate. Recombinant E. coli cobB and human SIRT2 sirtuin proteins were able to cause radioactivity to be transferred from [32P]NAD to bovine serum albumin (BSA). When a conserved histidine within the human SIRT2 sirtuin was converted to a tyrosine, the mutant recombinant protein was unable to transfer radioactivity from [32P]NAD to BSA. These results suggest that the sirtuins may function via mono-ADP-ribosylation of proteins.
A granule-associated L-thyroxine deiodinating system in the human leukocyte.

Recent work has shown that leukocytes deiodinate L-thyroxine (T4) and that deiodination is enhanced when phagocytosis is induced. To define the subcellular locus and characteristics of this phenomenon, the deiodinative activities of different cell fractions obtained from human leukocytes (>90% polymorphonuclear) were studied. Of the several fractions obtained, the granule fraction was found to possess the bulk of T4-deiodinative activity; as little as 9 µg/ml of granule protein effected significant deiodination of added labeled T4. Priorexposure of intact leukocytes to opsonized zymosan particles to induce phagocytosis resulted in an increase in the T4-deiodinative activity of the subsequently isolated granule fraction alone, strengthening the validity of the finding that T4-deiodinative activity in the human leukocyte resides in the granule fraction. The characteristics of the granule-associated deiodinating system suggest that it is enzymic in nature with a Km of the order of 10-6M. (Endocrinology 98: 8...
Position sensitivity of hot-film shear probes

The position sensitivity of hot-film shear probes was studied with the use of pulse-echo ultrasound. The ultrasonic probe was placed opposite the hot-film probe across a rigid tube. The accuracy of measuring hot-film probe position by ultrasonic methods was studied with the aid of a mechanical micrometer. A similar study was conducted in vivo on the thoracic aorta of dogs to maintain flush conditions between the hot-film probe and arterial wall. The sensitivity of hot-film probes to position with respect to a rigid wall was studied. Probe position was determined by ultrasonic methods. The results showed a 20% deviation in hot-film anemometer bridge voltage with a change in probe position of 0.3 mm from the wall. This could result in a 50% error in computed wall shear stress. Resolution of the method of ultrasonic positioning of the hot-film probe was determined to be 0.1 mm.
The mushroom-inducing gene Frt1 of Schizophyllum commune encodes a putative nucleotide-binding protein

Fruiting bodies (mushrooms) can be induced to form in unmated, normally non-fruiting strains of the basidiomycete fungus Schizophyllum commune by the ectopic genomic integration of a cloned gene called Frt1. Thus, the normal requirement of mating for mushroom formation is bypassed. Sequence analysis of genomic and cDNA clones revealed that the Frt1 gene encodes a predicted polypeptide of 192 amino acids, interrupted by three short introns. The FRT1 protein is predicted to be of Mr 21625 and does not have significant overall similarity to any known proteins. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a P-loop motif, a conserved sequence found in nucleotide-binding proteins. A potential site for Mg2+ binding is predicted to reside next to the P-loop at Thr24. The possible functional significance of these and other residues within FRT1 was examined using site-directed mutagenesis, followed by transformation of these mutant alleles of Frt1 back into S. commune. Mutation of the middle glycine of the P-loop completely abolished the fruit-inducing activity of cloned Frt1. Substitution of an alanine residue for Thr24 also resulted in mutant clones with no fruit-inducing activity. The possibility of an interaction between two closely spaced threonine residues within FRT1 was suggested by transformation experiments ultilizing mutant Frt1 alleles with specific combinations of mutations at these sites. Taken together, the results of our mutagenesis experiments suggest the possibility that activity of the predicted FRT1 protein could be altered by nucleotide binding and coordination of Mg2+. Northern blot hybridization experiments indicate that Frt1 activity is probably not controlled at the transcriptional level.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION IN NEONATES

Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from the cervices of 4% (36/900) of pregnant women tested. 20 infants born through chlamydia-infected cervices were followed up for a year, as were 18 infants born to chlamydia-negative mothers. A statistically significant excess of conjunctivitis and pneumonia was found in infants exposed to chlamydia. The attack-rate for inclusion conjunctivitis was 35% (7/20) and for chlamydial pneumonia it was 20% (4/20). Chlamydiae were recovered from 10 of the 20 (50%) exposed infants, and seroconversion was demonstrated in 14 (70%). None of the 18 unexposed infants showed evidence of chlamydial infection. Thus in our clinic 2.8% of all newborns acquired chlamydial infection, with incidence-rates of 14 cases of conjunctivitis and 8 cases of pneumonia per 1000 live births. Neonatal chlamydial infection is thus a major public-health problem warranting a preventive programme based on the fuller provision of diagnostic services and the treatment of infected pregnant women.
Atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace elements in coal by using an acid digestion in sealed polytetrafluoroethylene vessel.

As a wet digestion method of coal, digestion with nitricperchloric acid mixture was studied by using a sealed polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) digestion vessel. A PTFE inner vessel modified to this purpose was of 50 ml capacity, put in an outer stainless steel vessel, and sealed tightly with a PTFE O-ring inserted between the vessel and a cover plate. Coal containing up to 86 % fixed carbon was sufficiently decomposed with the nitric-perchloric acid mixture (1:1) by heating at 150-160 °C for 7-14 h. The sample preparation consisted of further digestion with hydrofluoric acid, followed by addition of boric acid, aqueous dilution and filtration. Nine elements in NBS 1632a coal were determined. Matrix elements of a calibration standard require no precise matching to the sample solution.
Comparison of gramicidin A and gramicidin M channel conductance dispersities.

Abstract To explore the possible role of Trp side chains in gramicidin channel conductance dispersity, we studied the dispersity of gramicidin M (gM), a gramicidin variant in which all four tryptophan residues are replaced with phenylalanine residues, and its enantiomer, gramicidin M− (gM−), and compared them to that of gramicidin A (gA). The conductances of highly purified gM and gM− were studied in alkali metal solutions at a variety of concentrations and voltages, in seven different types of lipid, and in the presence of detergent. Like gA channels, the most common gM channel conductance forms a narrow band. However, unlike gA channels, where the remaining 5–30% of channel conductances are broadly distributed below (and slightly above) the main band, in gM there is a narrow secondary band with
In the River: A Socio-Historical Account of Dialogue and Diaspora

I give encouragement to David Nickell and the Between the Rivers community by offering an account of good relations between a government natural resource land management agency and local people: Canada's St. Lawrence Islands National Park and the people of the Thousand Islands, focusing on Grenadier Island. I speak from my perspective as a descendent of the former year-round community on Grenadier. I describe our diaspora, our heated disagreement with the St. Lawrence Islands National Park's 1970s expansion plans, and how the local community successfully engaged a dialogue that ended these plans. I recount what I term the double politics of dialogue, a "good-cop/bad-cop" approach used by the community, and its resulting providence of good relations. I conclude with the prospect of such providence for the people of Between the Rivers.