cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RF test requirements for cellular formats: a comparative analysis [defense applications]

With the advent of the Homeland Security Bill, the defense industry has shown interest in mirroring existing cellular networks. These networks would be utilized as a standalone communication backbone in the event of an emergency. The existing cellular formats have significantly different architectures at the RF level, called layer 1, which require unique test requirements. This paper addresses a number of different cellular formats including AMPS, NADC, CDMAOne, CDMA2000, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, and WCDMA. A brief overview of each technology is provided to serve as an introduction into the cellular arena for defense-related engineers.
Ritualizing Sacredness in Math: Profaneness in Language Arts and Social Studies

This paper examines the effect of ritual in different elementary subjects. Lessons in math, language arts, and social studies were observed in public, private, and home school first and fifth grades. In observing these classes, this researcher noted that in all contexts, math lessons were taught very differently from social studies and language arts, confirming earlier work by Stodalsky. The rituals in how concepts were taught, and in how students and teachers related to each other, were very different in math lessons from in the other two subjects. In language arts and social studies lessons, students and teachers routinely shared personal out-of-school experiences, whereas they rarely did so in math lessons. Drawing on Bernstein's description of the sacredness of subjects and linking it to theories in economic anthropology, the author attempts to explain the isolation of school math and to question the level of intimacy and community in current math classes.
Henry George and Immigration

Henry George's opposition to free immigration may be surprising in light of his positions on other aspects of economic theory and policy. This essay reviews George's statements on immigration policy, discusses inconsistencies of these statements with his positions on free trade and Malthusian population theory, compares George's views with the neoclassical economic perspective on immigration, and suggests that implementation of George's policy of taxing land values would share the gains from immigration in a manner that might reduce opposition to open borders.
Incorporation of radioactive macromolecular precursors into intact cells and osmotically stabilized "protoplasts" of Streptococcus faecalis.

Growing “protoplasts” of Streptococcus faecalis were shown to incorporate newly administered radioactive precursors in the same manner as growing intact streptococci. No observable differences could be found between the size of the leucine precursor pools of the two cultures. The extent of turnover of protein and ribonucleic acid in both “protoplast” and streptococcal cultures appeared to be identical. Finally, the absolute rate of macromolecular biosynthesis was found to be equivalent whether determined on the basis of “new” or “old” label incorporation.
Mobile medical care units: an innovative use of Medicare funding.

Abstract Medicare is an underutilized payment source for home-delivered health care services for homebound elderly. An innovative service provision for home health care, Mobile Medical Care Units (MMCU), is presented. MMCU consist of a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals who are responsible for following the health care needs of their elderly patients on a continuous long-term basis across settings. This comprehensive care has significant impacts on homebound elderly and the health care industry. MMCU have the potential to be covered more inclusively by primary or supplemental health insurance plans, including Medicare, Medicaid, and HMOs, or by special funding from state aging departments.
New Insights into the Utilization of Medium-Chain Triglycerides by the Neonate: Observations from a Piglet Model

Because of their unique digestive and metabolic properties, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are used in a variety of nutritional settings, including use as a readily digestible energy source for the neonate. This review examines recent findings from our laboratory related to MCT digestion and metabolism that are drawn from a neonatal piglet model, but which may be clinically relevant to human infants. We have shown that MCT utilization improves rapidly with postnatal age (within 24 h), which is likely due to the ontogeny of pancreatic lipase. Additional data delineate the dramatic effects of emulsification and fatty acid chain length (within the medium-chain family) on utilization, with the suggestion that triacylhexanoate is utilized at the highest rate. Again, these effects are likely mediated via an increase in the kinetics of digestion rather than metabolism. Indeed, using both in vitro and in vivo radiotracer techniques, we were unable to detect metabolic differences among even-chain fatty acid homologues. However, studies with isolated hepatocytes have shown greater oxidation rates of odd-chain fatty acids compared with even-chain homologues, in part as a result of the anaplerotic potential of propionyl-CoA arising from odd-carbon fatty acid oxidation. In vivo radiotracer studies also showed an improvement in octanoate oxidation to CO2, with a concomitant reduction in urinary dicarboxylic acid excretion when colostrum-deprived piglets were supplemented with L-carnitine. Further metabolic research led to the novel finding that piglets have a very limited hepatic capacity to synthesize ketone bodies, and that acetate may be a relatively important product of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in this species.
Redefining the Image: Mimesis, Convention, and Semiotics

Studies and the interpretation of images have relied on two intellectual solutions. Images have been traditionally judged as imitation (mimesis) of the outside world. After Kant, however, images were understood as the outcome of rules of the mind that constitute the images and provide the key to visuality. Both interpretations are dualist: Mimesis presumes the mental mediation will provide the match between visual patterns and the natural world, whereas the conventionalist tradition stemming from Kant presumes that the system of a prior rule will ensure the match with reality. This paper presents Peircean semiotics as an alternative to what may be considered two sides of the same coin. The option is a triadic conceptual scheme program that redefines image making and what was considered imitation of reality.
Attitude determination system for Seasat-A mission

The attitude determination (AD) system hardware of Seasat-A consists of two sun aspect sensors, two infrared (IR) horizon scanners, related electronics, telemetry, and science sensors. The earth horizon pulse signal sensing is accomplished by a variable thresholding method intended to self-adjust for earth radiance variations. The use of sun sensors rather than star trackers for yaw determination calls for estimation rather than measurement of yaw attitude about 50% of mission time. Features of the yaw interpolation algorithm include adaptability and automatic incorporation of time-varying confidence levels of various data sources. The performance accuracy of the AD system was assessed, where it is found that the most important error source is the variation in earth atmospheric radiance. Analysis of science instrument sensitivity to AD uncertainties was performed, and the most sensitive instrument, the scatterometer system, shows only gradual degradation of performance in the vicinity of the AD accuracy requirement.
Ground-based measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Intensive

[1] Peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) were measured at Cornelia Fort Airpark during the 1999 Nashville Intensive of the Southern Oxidants Study. The observed concentrations were similar to those measured in the 1994 and 1995 Nashville Intensives. The average daytime ratio of peroxypropionic nitric anhydride (PPN) to peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) was 13.7%. Extensive measurements were also made of peroxyisobutyric nitric anhydride (PiBN), which confirm the anthropogenic origin of this compound, and its ratio to PAN was 2.4% on average. The daytime ratio of peroxymethacrylic nitric anhydride (MPAN) to PAN was as high as 25% during periods of high biogenic hydrocarbon (BHC) impact. A simple linear combination model was used to estimate anthropogenic hydrocarbon (AHC) and BHC contributions to O3 production. On average, 80% of the O3 observed over 80 ppbv was attributed to AHC chemistry and 20% to BHC chemistry. An exception to this was a plume derived from a combination of power plant NOx and isoprene emissions from west of the city, in which the BHC contribution was at least 50 to 75%.
CHOP/GADD153 and Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase (MetRS) Genes Overlap in a Conserved Region That Controls mRNA Stability

The transcription factor CHOP is involved in the regulation of the cell division cycle and the control of programmed cell death in response to cellular stress. CHOP expression has been linked with several forms of cancer. A reciprocal translocation between the CHOP and TLS RNA-binding protein gene results in myxoid liposarcoma and amplifications of the CHOP gene are associated with solid tumors including several types of sarcomas. Here we report the mapping of the methionyl tRNA synthetase (MetRS) gene to the identical 12q13 locus where the CHOP gene had previously been mapped. PCR analysis demonstrates a tail-to-tail overlap of both genes over a 55-bp region. As a result the two mRNAs share a 3' UTR complementary sequence allowing an in vivo interaction between the two mRNAs. An AU-rich regulatory element (ARE) known to control mRNA stability resides in the overlapping sequence. To test for functional significance of the ARE a luciferase reporter plasmid containing the 3'UTR of CHOP was constructed. Transfection experiments in NIH-3T3 cells show that CHOP 3'UTR confers a significantly lower activity than a control reporter or a reporter in which the region overlapping the MetRS mRNA is deleted. The conservation of this overlapping of the CHOP and MetRS genes and the role of their complementary sequence in the control of mRNA stability suggest the existence of a functional link between the expression of these two genes.
Heterogeneity in individually experienced temperatures (IETs) within an urban neighborhood: insights from a new approach to measuring heat exposure

Urban environmental health hazards, including exposure to extreme heat, have become increasingly important to understand in light of ongoing climate change and urbanization. In cities, neighborhoods are often considered a homogenous and appropriate unit with which to assess heat risk. This manuscript presents results from a pilot study examining the variability of individually experienced temperatures (IETs) within a single urban neighborhood. In July 2013, 23 research participants were recruited from the South End neighborhood of Boston and equipped with Thermochron iButtons that measured the air temperatures surrounding individuals as they went about their daily lives. IETs were measured during a heat wave period (July 17–20), which included 2 days with excessive heat warnings and 1 day with a heat advisory, as well as a reference period (July 20–23) in which temperatures were below seasonal averages. IETs were not homogeneous during the heat wave period; mean IETs were significantly different between participants (p < 0.001). The majority of participants recorded IETs significantly lower than outdoor ambient temperatures (OATs), and on average, the mean IET was 3.7 °C below the mean OAT. Compared with IETs during the reference period, IETs during the heat wave period were 1.0 °C higher. More than half of participants did not experience statistically different temperatures between the two test periods, despite the fact that the mean OAT was 6.5 °C higher during the heat wave period. The IET data collected for this sample and study period suggest that (1) heterogeneity in individual heat exposure exists within this neighborhood and that (2) outdoor temperatures misrepresent the mean experienced temperatures during a heat wave period. Individual differences in attributes (gender, race, socioeconomic status, etc.), behaviors (schedules, preferences, lifestyle, etc.), and access to resources are overlooked determinants of heat exposure and should be better integrated with group- and neighborhood-level characteristics. Understanding IETs for the population at large may lead to innovative advances in heat-health intervention and mitigation strategies.
Oxidation state of cross-over manganese species on the graphite electrode of lithium-ion cells

It is well known that Li-ion cells containing manganese oxide-based positive electrodes and graphite-based negative electrodes suffer accelerated capacity fade, which has been attributed to the deposition of dissolved manganese on the graphite electrodes during electrochemical cell cycling. However, the reasons for the accelerated capacity fade are still unclear. This stems, in part, from conflicting reports of the oxidation state of the manganese species in the negative electrode. In this communication, the oxidation state of manganese deposited on graphite electrodes has been probed by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The XANES features confirm, unequivocally, the presence of fully reduced manganese (Mn0) on the surface of graphite particles. The deposition of Mn0 on the graphite negative electrode acts as a starting point to understand the consequent electrochemical behavior of these electrodes; possible reasons for the degradation of cell performance are proposed and discussed.
Abstract B72: Obesity and breast cancer in African-American and Latina Women: A hospital-based comparison study

Background: Obesity is considered a major risk factor for cancers, in particular breast cancer. This phenomenon is becoming a major public health concern. Hence, modifying life-styles that could reduce obesity offers the potential for prevention as well as improvement of outcomes from cancer. Though the exact mechanisms of the effects of obesity on the etiology and progression of breast cancer are yet unclear, some studies suggest that increased body fat is associated with increased levels of estrogen and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) which promote tumorogenesis. The effects of obesity and breast cancer in African-American women and Latina women have been explored in a limited number of studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of obesity with breast cancer in our cohort of minority women. Methods: Our study is a hospital based comparative study of over 300 African-American and Latina women in South Los Angeles who visited the Mammography Screening unit and/or the Hematology Oncology Clinic at Martin Luther King Ambulatory Care Center (MACC, formerly known as King-Drew Medical Center). Information regarding BMI and clinical and lifestyle-factors were obtained by medical record abstraction. Logistic regression with multivariate analysis was used to determine the association between obesity, breast cancer, and additional variables. We also examined the effect of comorbidity on breast cancer. Results: Our results show a significant association of breast cancer with obesity. Women with breast cancer were more likely to be obese (BMI>30) than women without breast cancer (OR =1.33; P-value Conclusion: Our data suggest an association of obesity with breast cancer, especially in premenopausal women and most significantly in the pre-menopausal African-American cohort. In addition, we show that hypertension as comorbidity plays a significant role in for breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B72.
Costs of resistance: a test using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

Evolutionary biologists have long attributed polymorphisms in resistance status to fitness costs of resistance traits. Nevertheless, pleiotropic fitness costs of resistance have been notoriously difficult to detect. We have transformed Arabidopsis thaliana with a mutant acetolactate synthase gene that confers resistance to the herbicide, chlorsulfuron. Our experiment revealed a 34% reduction in the lifetime seed production of transgenic, herbicide resistant Arabidopsis thaliana relative to their susceptible nullsegregants. Our experimental design allows us to conclude that this fitness cost of resistance is caused by the pleiotropic effect of the introduced acetolactate synthase gene rather than other potential costs associated with the plasmid or mutational changes induced by plant transformation. In addition, we can attribute the cost of resistance to the presence of the resistance gene rather than an increase in gene dosage. The implications of these results for the risk assessment of transgenic crops are discussed.
Correlation of quinidine absorption with disintegration and dissolution rates

The dissolution profiles of four commercial quinidine sulfate tablets were determined using the USP rotating-basket dissolution apparatus. Substantial differences in dissolution half-times were noted and compared to previously reported disintegration times, absorption rate constants, and times of appearance of peak serum concentrations. Rank-order correlations were observed among all combinations of in vivo and in vitro parameters, indicating that the absorption rates of these tablets are controlled by both disintegration and dissolution.
Exercise versus cold temperature stimulation during radionuclide cineangiography: Diagnostic accuracy in coronary artery disease

Abstract To assess the relative efficacy of cold temperature stimulation and bicycle exercise in inducing ischemia detectable by radionuclide Cineangiography, we used both stresses to study 20 normal subjects and 54 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), 42 of whom had not had myocardial infarction. Cold stimulation caused increases in heart rate and arterial pressure which were significantly less marked than those caused by exercise. Regional left ventricular dysfunction was induced by cold in 24 of 41 patients without previous infarction (57%) and by exercise in 34 of 42 patients (81%) (p
Engineering of a novel Ca2+-regulated kinesin molecular motor using a calmodulin dimer linker

The kinesin-microtubule system holds great promise as a molecular shuttle device within biochips. However, one current barrier is that such shuttles do not have "on-off" control of their movement. Here we report the development of a novel molecular motor powered by an accelerator and brake system, using a kinesin monomer and a calmodulin (CaM) dimer. The kinesin monomer, K355, was fused with a CaM target peptide (M13 peptide) at the C-terminal part of the neck region (K355-M13). We also prepared CaM dimers using CaM mutants (Q3C), (R86C), or (A147C) and crosslinkers that react with cysteine residues. Following induction of K355-M13 dimerization with CaM dimers, we measured K355-M13 motility and found that it can be reversibly regulated in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. We also found that velocities of K355-M13 varied depending on the type and crosslink position of the CaM dimer used; crosslink length also had a moderate effect on motility. These results suggest Ca(2+)-dependent dimerization of K355-M13 could be used as a novel molecular shuttle, equipped with an accelerator and brake system, for biochip applications.
Nondestructive corrosion detection using fiber optic photoacoustic ultrasound generator

Abstract Ultrasonic technologies have been widely used in nondestructive and noninvasive testing applications in industry. In this paper, a study on novel nondestructive corrosion detection mechanism with fiber optic photoacoustic ultrasound generator is conducted. The presented corrosion detection mechanism features compact device size (ideal for embedded optical fiber applications), non-contact approach, stable performance, and high spatial resolution. The principle of ultrasonic corrosion detection is introduced in the first section. The experimental procedure for simulation and acceleration of the sample corrosion by using the electrochemical process is also presented. Three steel reinforced rebar samples were prepared with different corrosion rates. The rebar samples were characterized to demonstrate that our mechanism is an effective tool in detecting the corrosion level of steel rebar samples.
Cerebral aging: a quantitative study of gliosis in old nude mice.

Morphometric glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) studies of the brains of 11 old (18–29 months) female, outbred athymic mice demonstrated astrocytic gliosis (increase in GFAP-positive astrocytes; GFAP-PA) in all mice with a consistent distribution pattern. Specific areas such as the central white matter, hippocampus, diencephalon, gray matter at the floor of the 4th ventricle, and posterior colliculi showed the change most conspicuously, revealing GFAP-PA both interstitially and perivascularly. There was no apparent demyelination in the affected white matter. In addition, there was an increase in GFAP-PA in the external limiting membrane surrounding the diencephalon and base of brain stem, but only to a minor degree over the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral and cerebellar cortices and hypothalamus showed no significant increase. In contrast, all of the 2-month-old control animals showed only minor amounts of GFAP-PA, seen in the external limiting membrane and a trace in the cerebral white matter. The present data suggest that astroglial sclerotic change in various regions of the brain is an important morphological expression of cerebral aging. In view of the lack of other demonstrable histological changes (i.e., silver and amyloid stains were negative) or significant atrophy, the cause of the observed gliosis in BALB/c mice might represent a genuine aging change. As an incidental finding, aggregates of PAS-positive granules were noted in the Ammon's horn of most old animals, while none were seen in the young controls.
A multipurpose voltage controlled oscillator

This report describes a multipurpose voltage controlled oscillator that is inexpensive, flexible, and adaptable to a variety of experimental purposes. Design features include the capability to (1) select a wide range of frequencies for experimental use, and (2) use the output to drive other digital circuits.
Universal jumps of conductance at the metal-insulator transition in one dimension

The transition for a one-dimensional collection of spinless interacting charged particles from metal to a Mott insulator phase is shown to exhibit two kinds of universal jump of conductance: when the filling factor is p/q, where p and q are irreducible integers and q gives the order of backward scattering responsible for localization, there is a jump ${\mathit{e}}^{2}$/${\mathit{q}}^{2}$h along the metal-insulator phase boundary, but at special points with particle-hole symmetry the universal jump of conductance is exactly twice as large. Even far inside the metal phase, where the Mott insulator does not occur, its existence is manifested by a singularity in the conductance at the corresponding rational filling. Most of the results hold also for the case of Mott localization in a quasiperiodic potential. The only essential difference here is that insulator phases are characterized by filling factors which are, in general, irrational numbers: for a quasiperiodic potential with a ratio of fundamental incommensurate length \ensuremath{\sigma} the insulator phase is characterized by an irrational filling factor (${\mathit{m}}_{0}$+${\mathit{m}}_{1}$\ensuremath{\sigma})/q, where ${\mathit{m}}_{0,1}$ are integers.
Phosphorus uptake by mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of soybean

Abstract Kinetics of phosphorus absorption were investigated with mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal soybean (Glycine max Merr.) plants which were grown in a greenhouse and growth chamber and with nutrient solutions. Mycorrhizal plants depleted phosphorus from a dilute (<30uM) nutrient solution three times faster and had lower apparent efflux of phosphorus than the uninfected plants. The affinity (Km) of roots for phosphorus from the solution was not increased by mycorrhizal infection. The results indicate that enhanced phosphorus absorption by mycorrhizal roots of soybean is due to an increase in the number of uptake sites per unit area of root (v max).
Maximal dissections of a simplex

Abstract Let a d -simplex be dissected by hyperplanes, each cutting one edge and containing the opposite face. Extending results of Alexanderson and Wetzel, we establish formulas and generating functions, involving forests of edges of the simplex, for the maximum numbers of k -dimensional parts of the dissection interior to, on the boundary of, and external to the simplex.
High-resolution imaging and spectroscopy of dense plasmas using multilayer x-ray optics

Abstract Instruments incorporating normal-incidence mirrors and gratings have been used to record images and spectra in the extreme u.v. and soft x-ray regions. The multilayer coatings were optimized to reflect wavebands of interest for the diagnosis of dense plasmas. Images at wavelengths of 33.8 and 130 A were recorded with spatial resolution of 5 μm. Using normal-incidence multilayer gratings operating in the wavelength region 130–300 A, spectra with resolution of 14,000 were recorded which allows the use of line profiles to determine Doppler plasma motion an Stark densities. Because of the high throughput of the multilayer optics, the instruments can be located at large distances from the plasmas, and the optics were undamaged by the intense radiation and debris fluxes from laser-produced plasmas. The absolute radiation flux was determined at wavelengths of 33.8 and 130 A.
Permutation grouping: intelligent Hash function design for audio & image retrieval

The combination of MinHash-based signatures and locality- sensitive hashing (LSH) schemes has been effectively used for finding approximate matches in very large audio and image retrieval systems. In this study, we introduce the idea of permutation-grouping to intelligently design the hash functions that are used to index the LSH tables. This helps to overcome the inefficiencies introduced by hashing real-world data that is noisy, structured, and most importantly is not independently and identically distributed. Through extensive tests, we find that permutation-grouping dramatically increases the efficiency of the overall retrieval system by lowering the number of low-probability candidates that must be examined by 30-50%.
Why Do People Vote? Because They Are Registered

This article separately investigates who registers to vote and who votes among the registered. Standard predictors of participation are much better predictors of registration than of voting among the registered. It is speculated that voting is stimulated by the act of registration.
Vessel-specific regulation of angiotensin II receptor subtypes during ovine development.

Umbilical and systemic responses to angiotensin II differ in term fetal sheep, and peripheral vascular responses are attenuated or absent before and after birth. These observations may reflect developmental differences in angiotensin II receptor (AT) subtypes in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). Studies of AT subtype ontogeny and regulation are generally limited to the aorta, which may not be extrapolated to other arteries, and neither is completely described during ovine development. We therefore characterized VSM AT subtype expression and regulation throughout an extended period of development in umbilical and carotid artery and aorta from fetal (85–146 d gestation), postnatal (5–23 d), and adult sheep, measuring AT1 and AT2 mRNA and protein and performing immunohistochemistry. Parallel increases in umbilical AT1 mRNA and protein began early in gestation and continued to term, and although AT2 mRNA was unchanged, protein levels decreased >90% at term. Fetal carotid AT1 mRNA was 2-fold at term. After birth, AT1 mRNA increased to 85% of adult values and was associated with another 2-fold rise in protein. In contrast, carotid AT2 mRNA and protein fell in parallel throughout development and were barely detectable in the newborn and the adult. Immunostaining was consistent with observations in both arteries. A third pattern occurred in aortic VSM. The ontogeny of AT subtype expression and regulation is vessel specific, with changes in umbilical VSM beginning very early in development. Although the mechanisms that regulate mRNA and protein expression are unclear, these changes parallel differences in VSM maturation and function and local blood flow.
Serotonergic modulation of the rat pup ultrasonic isolation call: studies with 5HT1 and 5HT2 subtype-selective agonists and antagonists.

A modulatory role for serotonin has been described for the development and expression of the ultransonic call of infant rat pups during brief maternal separations. In previous studies, serotonin reuptake inhibitors selectively reduced the rate of calling following acute administration to 9–11-day-old pups and a serotonin neurotoxin (MDMA) systematically disrupted the development of ultrasonic vocalizations but not other measures of motor development. In the current studies, we extended our investigations to include drugs with purported receptor subtype selectivities. Consistent with previous reports, acute administration of 5HT1A agonists buspirone and 8-OH-DPAT ((±)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin) reduced the rate of calling at doses which did not affect motor activity or core body temperature. The rate reducing effects of buspirone persisted up to 1 but not 2 h after injection. Administration of purported 5HT1B receptor agonists, CGS12066B (7-trifluoromethyl-4(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a] quinoxaline) and TFMPP (1-[3-fluoromethyl)phenyl]-piperazine) increased the rate of calling depending on the specificity of the drug for the 5HT1B receptor.d,l-Propranolol, a 5HT1 receptor antagonist, blocked the effects of both 8-OH-DPAT and TFMPP. m-CPP (1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine) and DOI ((±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane), drugs with putative actions at 5HT1C and 5HT2 receptor sites both decreased calling but differed according to their effects on motor activity. Ritanserin, a 5HT2 and 5HT1C antagonist, produced a dose-related increase in call rate. A dose of ritanserin with no apparent intrinsic effects effectively antagonized DOI rate reducing effects but potentiated the rate reducing effects of m-CPP. These data extend previous studies demonstrating a role for serotonin in the expression of rat pup separation calls and further demonstrate that 5HT may increase or decrease calling depending on with receptor subtype is affected.
A STUDY OF THE HYDROLOGY OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA USING ATMOSPHERIC VAPOR FLUX DATA

Abstract The atmospheric water vapor flux divergence and certain aspects of the water balance of Eastern North America are investigated, using data from the period May 1, 1958, to Apr. 30, 1963. Mean monthly values of evapotranspiration and storage change are computed as residuals, using measured values of vapor flux divergence, precipitation, and streamflow. Computations are performed for regions varying in size from 42 × 105 km2 to approximately 5 × 105 km2. The results for the smaller areas, which are the least reliable, are critically examined. Computed values of evapotranspiration and storage change are compared with the climatological estimates Thornthwaite Associates and Budyko. The Thomthwaite climatic water balance data appear to overestimate , the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration, during winter and underestimate it during summer. Budyko's values of evapotranspiration generally show a slightly smaller seasonal variation and appear to lead the values obtained from the atmosp...
Optically induced dichroism of Z2-centers in LiF : Mg, Ti (TLD-100)

Crystals of γ-irradiated TLD-100 are bleached at 313 nm at 77 K with light polarized in one selected direction, and then with light polarized at 90° from the initial direction. Dichroism is induced in the Z2 center by bleaching with polarized light. The decrease in absorbance is always larger when measured with light polarized in the same direction as the bleaching light. There is an increase in absorbance at 313 nm after the second bleach when the measuring light is polarized perpendicular to the bleaching light. The results are observed in all four directions: [001], [010] [011], and [011]. A second defect center, which absorbs at 313 nm, is proposed to explain the observed dichroism. Kristalle von γ-bestrahltem LiF:Mg werden bei 313 nm und 77 K zunachst mit in einer bestimmten Richtung polarisiertem Licht gebleicht, und dann mit Licht, das 90° gegenuber der anfanglichen Richtung polarisiert ist. Dichroismus wird im Z2-Zentrum bei polarisiertem Bleichprozes induziert. Die Verminderung der optischen Absorption ist immer groser, wenn das Meslicht in derselben Richtung wie das Bleichlicht polarisiert ist. Es tritt eine Vergroserung der optischen Absorption bei 313 nm nach der zweiten Bleichung auf, wenn das Meslicht senkrecht zum bleichenden Licht polarisiert wird. Die Ergebnisse werden in allen vier Richtungen beobachtet: [001], [010], [011] und [011]. Ein zweites Zentrum, das bei 313 nm absorbiert, wird vorgeschlagen, um den beobachteten Dichroismus zu erklaren.
Nuclear data sheets of A = 230*

Abstract The available nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A=230 is presented. Various decay and reaction data are evaluated and compared. Adopted data, levels, spin, parity, and configuration assignments are given.
Lactic acidosis: an experimental model.

Abstract A model of spontaneous lactic acidosis was developed in alloxan diabetic rabbits by infusing intravenously β-hydroxybutyric acid followed by a continuous infusion of NaHCO 3 . In half of the animals, the arterial lactate/pyruvate ratio rose from 2.5 m M 0.19 m M to 20.4 m M 0.28 m M , and arterial pH fell to 7.16. In animals with lactic acidosis, the calculated ratio in blood of NAD NADH was 1437 ± 230, versus a normal value of 6754 ± 1250. Both arterial po 2 and blood pressure were normal. Continued infusion of NaHCO 3 led to increased blood lactate levels, with cardiorespiratory arrest in 36% of animals. Lactic acidosis did not develop in normal rabbits who were similarly treated. It is concluded that spontaneous lactic acidosis can be produced in diabetic, but not in normal, rabbits by infusion of β-hydroxybutric acid followed by infusion of NaHCO 3 .
Feasibility of intraoperative high-dose rate brachytherapy to boost low dose external beam radiation therapy to treat pediatric soft tissue sarcomas.

Purpose To determine if a single intraoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (IOHDR) dose can be used in conjunction with low dose external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to treat soft tissue malignancies in children with reduced morbidity. Methods. From March 1992 to February 1995, six pediatric patients (4 boys, 2 girls; ages ranging from 4–13 years; median 10.5 years) were treated with IOHDR in conjunction with EBRT, chemotherapy, and radical surgery at nine sites not treatable by standard intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy techniques. The IOHDR dose was 10 Gy (at 7 sites with microscopic residual disease) or 12.5 Gy (at 2 sites with minimal gross residual disease) prescribed at 0.5 cm depth. The treatment volume varied from 9–96 cc (mean 30.3 cc). IOHDR was used in these patients because the tumor locations prevented positioning and insertion of conventional intraoperative electron beam applicators. The EBRT dose was limited to 27–30.6 Gy (median dose 27.4 Gy) postoperatively in all patients to minimize growth re-tardation or altered organ function. The median initial EBRT field size was 211 cm2 (range 25–483), with a median of two fields per patient (range 1–2). Results. After a median followup of 40 months (range 22–62 months), all the patients were alive, five of them without evidence of disease. The other patient, with stage IV undifferentiated synovial sarcoma developed regrowth of pulmonary metastases at 14 months and local failure at 34 months. Toxicity was seen in two patients. One patient developed recurrent urinary infections and ureteral stenosis after 6 months and required a left nephrectomy. Another developed mild to moderate loss of visual acuity and impaired orbital growth after 6 months. Conclusions. Use of IOHDR in conjunction with low dose EBRT to obtain local control and long-term disease-free survival in pediatric soft tissue sarcomas is feasible with acceptable toxicity. Tumor beds not treatable with standard electron beam intraoperative radiation therapy could be satisfactorily encompassed with IOHDR. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 31:79–85, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
INTRAMUSCULAR ZIPRASIDONE: INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL AND BENZODIAZEPINES ON VITAL SIGNS IN THE EMERGENCY SETTING

Abstract Background Ziprasidone is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) approved for agitation. Few previous studies have examined ziprasidone in the emergency department (ED). For instance, it is unknown how often emergency physicians prescribe ziprasidone, whether it is typically prescribed in combination with a benzodiazepine, or whether use of intramuscular (i.m.) ziprasidone and benzodiazepines affects vital signs compared to i.m. ziprasidone alone. Objective: Our aims were to determine the demographics of patients receiving ziprasidone in an urban-suburban ED; the relative frequency with which ziprasidone is prescribed; and the effects on vital signs, repeat medication dosage, and lengths of stay. Methods This is a multicentered structured chart review from 2003 to 2010 of ziprasidone use at two hospitals. If documented, vital signs were compared in patients who received concurrent benzodiazepines and in those who did not, and in patients who ingested alcohol and in those who did not. Results Patients on 95 visits received ziprasidone during the study period, with one third of these receiving accompanying benzodiazepines. Forty-nine unique patients who were treated with i.m. ziprasidone had documented vital signs. In these patients, alcohol intoxication was associated with decreased oxygen saturations irrespective of benzodiazepines. Concurrent benzodiazepines had no other deleterious effect on vital signs but resulted in longer ED stays. Conclusions This study suggests that many ED physicians, who commonly prescribe a benzodiazepine with a first-generation antipsychotic like haloperidol, have transferred this practice to SGAs like ziprasidone. In this sample, this pairing did not adversely affect vital signs but was associated with marginally longer ED stays. Caution should be exercised when treating alcohol-intoxicated patients with ziprasidone, as this can decrease oxygen saturations.
Naming the Unnameable God: Levinas, Derrida, and Marion

In this essay I present the postmodern phenomenological approach of Levinas, Derrida, and Marion to the problem of naming the unnameable God. For Levinas, God is never experienced directly but only as a third person whose infinity is testified to in the infinity of responsibility to the hungry. For Derrida, God remains the unnameable “wholly other” accessible only as the indeterminate term of pure reference in prayer. For Marion, God remains the object of “de-nomination” through praise. In all three, the problem of naming the unnameable God is necessarily linked to how we relate to fellow human beings, to the hungry in Levinas, justice in Derrida, and charity in Marion. I also reflect on the merits and adequacy of phenomenology as such for speaking of divine transcendence.
Biogeography of late Silurian and devonian rugose corals

Abstract Three marine benthic faunal realms can be recognized in the Early and Middle Devonian. The Eastern Americas Realm consisted of most of the eastern half of North America and South America north of the Amazon. This realm extended in a southwest direction from the Devonian equator to approximately 35°S and was an isolated epicontinental sea during much of its history. The Eastern Americas Realm was bounded on the west by the Transcontinental Arch, on the north by the Canadian Shield and on the east and southeast by a peninsular extension of the Old Red Continent. These barriers were emergent during much, but not all, of Devonian time. Seaways beyond these barriers belonged to the Old World Realm. The Malvinokaffric Realm that was farther south was apparently temperate to arctic in climate and latitudinal position and contained few corals. Rugose corals in the Eastern Americas Realm show increasing generic-level endemism from the Late Silurian through the Early Devonian; during the late Early Devonian, 92% of the rugosan genera are not known anywhere else in the world. Endemism decreased through the Middle Devonian to zero in the early Late Devonian. The Early Devonian increase in endemism paralleled, and was probably related to, the development of the Old Red Continent as a barrier between America and Africa—Europe. The waning of endemism in the Middle Devonian reflects the breaching of the land barriers. This permitted some migration in and out of the realm in early Middle Devonian time but greatest movements were in late Middle Devonian time. Principal migration directions were from western or Arctic North America into the Michigan-Hudson Bay area and from the southern Appalachian area into Africa.
Dynamics of the middle atmosphere as simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3)

The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3) is a state-of-the-art climate model extending from the Earth's surface to the lower thermosphere. In this paper we present a detailed climatology of the dynamics of the middle atmosphere as represented by WACCM3 at various horizontal resolutions and compare them to observations. In addition to the mean climatological fields, we examine in detail the middle atmospheric momentum budget as well as several lower and upper atmosphere coupling phenomena including stratospheric sudden warmings, the 2-day wave, and the migrating diurnal tide. We find that in large part, differences between WACCM3 and observations and the mean state of the model at various horizontal resolutions are related to gravity wave drag, which is parameterized in WACCM3 (and similar models). All three lower and upper atmosphere coupling processes examined show high sensitivity to the model's resolution.
Multidimensional large deviation local limit theorems

Abstract An earlier paper by the author ( Chaganty and Sethuraman, Ann. of Probab. 13 (1985) , 97–114) established large deviation local limit theorems for arbitrary sequences of real valued random variables. This work showed clearly the connection between the Cramer series and large deviation rates. In this article we present large deviation local limit theorems for arbitrary multidimensional random variables based solely on conditions imposed on their moment generating functions. These results generalize the theorems of W. Richter ( Theory Probab. Appl. 3 (1958) , 100–106) for sums of independent and identically distributed random vectors.
Dysfunctional Workers, Functional Texts: The Transformation of Work in Institutional Procedure Manuals

Emerging from the development of a workplace literacy program for entry-level tax examiners, this case study examines ways in which conflicts between management and workers over the division of labor are textually enacted in the two kinds of manuals that govern the work of tax examiners in an IRS Service Center. The first kind of manual, called an IRM, is the official government manual operationalizing the procedures for interpreting tax law and IRS regulations. The second, called a Desk Reference, is intended as an unofficial “translation” of the former. Closer analysis, using a critical application of systemic linguistics, reveals that systematic differences between the two manuals project contradictory views of the tax examiners' work. Consequently, tax examiners are put into the impossible position of attempting to be the compliant subjects of two opposing discourses.
A First Brush with Professional Courtesy

A colleague once showed me a letter from the new financial manager of a distinguished academic hospital, warning all alumni that giving special assistance to fellow physicians or their families, so...
Emotional intensity of idiographic sad memories in depression predicts symptom levels 1 year later

When cued with generic happy and sad words, depressed individuals have been found to articulate contextually impoverished memories of autobiographical events. Although this pattern predicts a worse symptomatic course of disorder in some depressed samples, longitudinal findings with the cue-word paradigm are inconsistent. To address the etiological significance of autobiographical memories outside the cue-word paradigm, the authors used an idiographic interview in which depressed participants generated memories of their happiest and saddest lifetime events. Each memory was coded for detail and emotional intensity. At a 1-year follow-up, participants' levels of depressive symptoms were reassessed. Lower emotional intensity of saddest memories predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms at follow-up. Several implications for understanding sadness and emotional disclosure in depression are discussed.
NON-ACOUSTIC FACTORS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY OF MIDDLE EAR MUSCLES IN WAKING CATS.

THE intensity of sound transmitted from the ear drum to the inner ear can be attenuated by contraction of the middle ear muscles, the tensor tympani and stapedius. These muscles contract at the onset of sound, thereby reducing the size of cochlear microphonics as recorded at the round window. Previous explanations of middle ear muscle activity have only considered possible acoustic functions1–4. However, in waking, unrestrained cats, we have found middle ear muscle activity related to non-acoustic factors, for example, bodily movement and vocalization. In animals that we have experimentally deafened by crushing both eight nerves, non-acoustic contractions persist in association with bodily movement and vocalization. In these animals all acoustic middle ear muscle activity is absent, the neural component is absent from the cochlear response recorded at the round window, and they show no behavioural reaction to loud sounds.
Terbium binding to rat brain acetylcholinesterase. A fluorescence probe of anionic sites

Abstract 1. Studies are in progress to characterize the nature of ligand interactions at peripheral anionic sites on mammalian brain AChE, including the β-anionic or “accelerator” anionic sites where enzyme activity is increased upon Ca 2+ binding. 2. Terbium was studied as a fluorescence probe of Ca 2+ binding sites in partially purified AChE from whole rat brain. 3. Scatchard analysis of Tb 3+ binding in low ionic strength (2 mM) Pipes buffer revealed at least two populations of sites: high affinity sites with K d (app) ∼ 7.6 μ M and low-affinity sites with a K d (app) ∼ 49.6 μ M. 4. Low-affinity binding was selectively inhibited by 50 mM NaCl; high-affinity binding was completely inhibited by 2mM CaCl 2 ; and all the bound Tb 3+ could be displaced by 1 mM EDTA. 5. The heterogeneity of Tb 3+ binding sites is consistent with the multiple, concentration-dependent effects of Tb 3+ on enzyme activity.