cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
domestic labor intensity and the Incorporation of Malian peasant farmers into localized descent groups

Few inferences about the dynamics of crop production in a Malian peasant community can be drawn without giving parallel consideration to the dynamics of farming group reproduction. Data on the farming inputs and outputs of domestic groups in one village reveal little until each group is located in the kinship and marriage networks. A Sahlins curve of domestic labor intensity is plotted for one farming season in that village to highlight the influence of descent relationships on production. This example bears on the larger question of the extent to which the economics of peasant farming, characteristically dependent on extradomestic coalitions, can be pursued on the basis of household-level production data. It also offers a generalizable explanation for the remarkable persistence of patrilineal affiliations in contemporary West Africa. [Mali, Bambara, savanna agriculture, West African peasants, patrilineal descent]Few inferences about the dynamics of crop production in a Malian peasant community can be drawn without giving parallel consideration to the dynamics of farming group reproduction. Data on the farming inputs and outputs of domestic groups in one village reveal little until each group is located in the kinship and marriage networks. A Sahlins curve of domestic labor intensity is plotted for one farming season in that village to highlight the influence of descent relationships on production. This example bears on the larger question of the extent to which the economics of peasant farming, characteristically dependent on extradomestic coalitions, can be pursued on the basis of household-level production data. It also offers a generalizable explanation for the remarkable persistence of patrilineal affiliations in contemporary West Africa. [Mali, Bambara, savanna agriculture, West African peasants, patrilineal descent]
Persistence of vacancy motion in hard sphere crystals

Abstract It was found that for a period of about 20 mean collision times monovacancies had an enhanced probability of moving directly (0°) and 60° forward, however, the effect on the self-diffusion coefficient is negligible at the normal melting point of the hard sphere crystal. For divacancies a stronger and longer lasting persistence of jump direction leads to a significant change from the random correlation factor of 0·458 to the correlated one of 0·515 at the normal melting point. A crude analysis leads to the conclusion that the jumping particle has roughly thermal velocity.
A longitudinal study of United States-China business negotiations

Abstract This article reports the findings of a questionnaire survey of U.S. firms that have entered into contractual agreements with China for various forms of trade relations since 1979. Specifically, information was gathered on the following: the history of the company's trade relationships with China, the conduct of business negotiations, the company's satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the negotiations, perceived differences in the decision-making and negotiation styles of the Chinese negotiation team vis-a-vis the American team, the success rate of such negotiations, factors that accounted for the success or failure of such negotiations, and an assessment of programs that help firms prepare for the negotiations. These findings are compared with an earlier (1982) study by R.L. Tung on United States-China business negotiations. Implications, both practical and theoretical, for international business negotiations are also discussed.
J. Edgar Hoover Goes to the Movies: The FBI and the Origins of Hollywood's Cold War. By John Sbardellati. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012. Pp. vii, 256. $27.95.)

In the early days and years prior to the Cold War, between 1942 and 1958, J. Edgar Hoover's FBI monitored Hollywood with (from the perspective of FBI officials) a genuine fear that the film industr...
Quantum dynamics of Hamiltonians perturbed by pulses

There has been a recent controversy between Gzyl [J. Math Phys. 18, 1327 (1977)] and Blume [J. Math. Phys. 19, 2004 (1978)] concerning the correct way to integrate the equation i∂ψ/∂t=H0ψ+δ (t) Vψ where δ is the Dirac delta function. In this paper we: (1) Suggest some physical reasons for rejecting Gzyl’s procedure and (2) Extend the limiting procedure suggested the Blume to unbounded Hamiltonians.
Elastic contribution to interaction of vortices in uniaxial superconductors

The stress caused by vortices in tetragonal superconductors contributes to the intervortex interaction which depends on vortex orientation within the crystal, on elastic moduli, and is attractive within certain angular regions even in fields along the $c$ crystal axis. For sufficiently strong stress dependence of the critical temperature, this contribution may result in distortions of the hexagonal vortex lattice for $\mathbit{H}||\mathbit{c}$. In small fields it leads to formation of a square vortex lattice with a fixed $H$ independent spacing. This should be seen in the magnetization $M(H)$ as a discontinuous jump of magnetization at the transition from the Meissner to mixed states.
Light-evoked oxygen responses in the isolated toad retina

Transient changes in retinal oxygen in response to light stimuli were studied to further understand the light-evoked change in oxygen consumption. Double-barreled microelectrodes, which measured oxygen and local voltage simultaneously, were positioned near the photoreceptor inner segments of the toad neural retina-retinal pigment epithelium-choroid preparation. Light-evoked oxygen responses were measured in a normal [Na + ] solution, and in a test solution with lowered extracellular [Na + ] to inhibit Na + /K + pumping. Under the normal [Na + ] condition, retinal oxygen tension increased in response to light indicating that oxygen utilization had decreased. When the Na + concentration was lowered in the retina, the oxygen tension decreased in response to light, indicating an increase in oxygen utilization which was smaller than the Na + /K + pump effect and therefore masked under normal conditions. The increase in oxygen utilization in lowered [Na + ] was suppressed by adding 0·7 m m 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, suggesting that the response was largely due to hydrolysis and subsequent resynthesis of cyclic GMP. Results of fitting the light-evoked responses to exponential functions suggested that the decrease in oxygen consumption caused by slowing of the photoreceptor Na + /K + ATPase had a time constant between 130 and 180 sec and that the increase in oxygen utilization from increased cyclic GMP synthesis was faster.
Simultaneous administration of multiple model substrates to assess hepatic drug clearance

We have evaluated a method to simultaneously assess three major processes involved in hepatic drug clearance using three model substrates administered simultaneously as a 5-minute intravenous injection. Lorazepam, indocyanine green, and antipyrine are used to assess conjugation, liver blood flow, and microsomal oxidative metabolism, respectively. These substrates were administered individually and as a mixture to 10 healthy adult male volunteers to determine if clearances of any of the compounds were affected by simultaneous administration. Mean clearances of the substrates were not different when administered alone (9.97, 0.78, and 0.53 ml/min/kg) vs. together (11.5, 0.89, and 0.52 ml/min/kg), using a paired t test. Since we were using this method to assess hepatic drug clearance in children with leukemia, the effect of short-term allopurinol was assessed. The three model substrates were administered to the volunteers after 0, 1, 8, and 22 days of treatment with allopurinol, 200 mg t.i.d. There was no change in mean clearance of any of the three compounds at any point during allopurinol treatment (repeated-measures ANOVA). We conclude that this technique is a simple and valid method to simultaneously assess three major processes involved in hepatic drug clearance and is not affected by up to 22 days of oral allopurinol treatment. This simple technique, requiring a single set of blood samples, has potential applications in the assessment of developmental changes in hepatic drug clearance, as well as the effects of environmental, therapeutic, and pathophysiologic factors on three major processes involved in hepatic drug clearance. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1987) 41, 645–650; doi:10.1038/clpt.1987.90
The housing bubble in real-time: the end of innocence

Market agents suffering through unanticipated boom-bust cycles would find extremely useful analytical techniques capable of serving as an early warning system. Unobserved components models and cointegration analysis are valuable in this respect. The stylized facts from unobserved components models alone do not suffice, but coupled with results from the Johansen cointegration test provided early evidence of the housing bubble and of its denouement. The paper uses real-time data vintages and shows that by 1998 the relationship between the smoothed growth rates of house prices and of per capita income was in uncharted territory. Moreover, the actual growth rates are cointegrated. This is important, as it establishes that any disequilibrium between the two becomes less tenable as its magnitude increases. By 2003, the disequilibrium was spectacular, yet it grew for another 4 years. In effect, we did not have to wait until 2008; the gruesome ending was predictable ex ante. Ironically, the greatest financial delusion of all occurred in an age that revered rationality, market efficiency, and the financial enlightenment of the TBTF actors. The empirical findings of this paper are a major problem for the rational expectations hypothesis and the remnants of the EMH.
Mixed Methods for the Interpretation of Longitudinal Gerontologic Data: Insights From Philosophical Hermeneutics

This article’s main objective is to demonstrate that data analysis, including quantitative data analysis, is a process of interpretation involving basic hermeneutic principles that philosophers have identified in the interpretive process as applied to other, mainly literary, creations. Such principles include a version of the hermeneutic circle, an insistence on interpretive presuppositions, and a resistance to reducing the discovery of truth to the application of inductive methods. The importance of interpretation becomes especially evident when qualitative and quantitative methods are combined in a single clinical research project and when the data being analyzed are longitudinal. Study objectives will be accomplished by showing that three major hermeneutic principles make practical methodological contributions to an insightful, illustrative mixed methods analysis of a qualitative study of changes in functional disability over time embedded in the Precipitating Events Project—a major longitudinal, quant...
A POSITIVITY PRESERVING CENTRAL SCHEME FOR SHALLOW WATER FLOWS IN CHANNELS WITH WET-DRY STATES

We present a high-resolution, non-oscillatory semi-discrete central scheme for one- dimensional shallow-water flows along channels with non uniform cross sections of arbitrary shape and bottom topography. The proposed scheme extends existing central semi-discrete schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws and enjoys two properties crucial for the accurate simulation of shallow- water flows: it preserves the positivity of the water height, and it is well balanced, i.e., the source terms arising from the geometry of the channel are discretized so as to balance the non-linear hyperbolic flux gradients. In addition to these, a modification in the numerical flux and the estimate of the speed of propagation, the scheme incorporates the ability to detect and resolve partially wet regions, i.e., wet-dry states. Along with a detailed description of the scheme and proofs of its properties, we present several numerical experiments that demonstrate the robustness of the numerical algorithm.
Friends in high places: The wealth effects of JFK's assassination on the assets of LBJ's supporters

This paper uses anecdotal evidence to identify a group of firms that had significant ties to President Lyndon Johnson and determines the effect of Johnson's unexpected rise to the Presidency on the market value of these firms. The unexpected nature of President Kennedy's death eliminates the confounding event problem typically associated with election results. We are able to identify four separate portfolios of firms that had political ties to Lyndon Johnson. Our research suggests that the market expected significant benefits to accrue to these firms as a result of Johnson's becoming President.
On the development of imaginal buds in normal and mutant Drosophila melanogaster

Definite information concerning the time of development and location of the different imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster was needed in order to interpret especially the gynandromorphs, mosaics, and intersexes that have been extensively reported in cultures of this fly. This information was also desirable for many of the mutant types. It was not known, for example, when an organ was reduced or absent, whether its imaginal disc showed a corresponding reduction, or whether it was full size in the larvae and pupae, and failed to carry through to the later stages. Three mutant types with eyes smaller than those of the wild type, namely, lozenge, bar, and eyeless, were examined. It was found that there is a corresponding difference in size as far back as the imaginal disc could be detected. Similarly for the two mutants, vestigial and no-wing. Conversely for the mutant, bithorax, in which the metathorax is larger than the normal and has assumed many of the characters of the normal mesothorax, the imaginal disc was correspondingly enlarged. It follows that the effects of the mutant genes for these characters can be observed in the very earliest condition of the imaginal disc.
DIPLOMAT: compiling prioritized default rules into ordinary logic programs, for e-commerce applications

Rules promise to be widely useful in Internet electronic commerce. Declarative prioritized default rule knowledge representations offer the advantage of handling conflicts that arise in updating rule sets, but have as yet had little practical deployment. DIPLOMAT is a Java library that embodies a new approach to the implementation of such prioritized default rules: to compile them into ordinary logic programs (LP's) cf. pure Prolog. We apply the approach to a newly generalized version of courteous LP's, a semantically attractive and computationally tractable form of prioritized default rules. Compilation enables courteous LP's functionality to be added modularly to ordinary LP rule engines, via a preprocessor, with tractable computational overhead. This takes a long step towards actual deployment of prioritized-default knowledge representation in commercially fielded technology and applications.We give in the demo storyboard an automated example e-commerce application scenario: inferencing in a 70-rule courteous LP that represents personalized pricing and promotions on a bookstore's Web storefront.
TARV: Tree-based Analysis of Rare Variants Identifying Risk Modifying Variants in CTNNA2 and CNTNAP2 for Alcohol Addiction

Since the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, researchers have been extending their efforts on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from common variants to rare variants to find the missing inheritance. Although various statistical methods have been proposed to analyze rare variants data, they generally face difficulties for complex disease models involving multiple genes. In this paper, we propose a tree-based analysis of rare variants (TARV) that adopts a nonparametric disease model and is capable of exploring gene-gene interactions. We found that TARV outperforms the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) in most of our simulation scenarios, and by notable margins in some cases. By applying TARV to the study of addiction: genetics and environment (SAGE) data, we successfully detected gene CTNNA2 and its 43 specific variants that increase the risk of alcoholism in women, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.94. This gene has not been detected in the SAGE data. Post hoc literature search also supports the role of CTNNA2 as a likely risk gene for alcohol addiction. In addition, we also detected a plausible protective gene CNTNAP2, whose 97 rare variants can reduce the risk of alcoholism in women, with an OR of 0.55. These findings suggest that TARV can be effective in dissecting genetic variants for complex diseases using rare variants data.
Liquid‐Phase Sintering of TiC‐Ni Composites

The sintering of TiC-Ni particle compacts was studied with specific attention to effects of processing conditions. Densification was progressively inhibited with the increasing additions of free carbon to the system. These results are explained on the basis of changes in the eutectic reactions in the system, reduced solubility of TiC in the Ni-rich liquid, and decreased wetting of the solid by the liquid. Presintering hydrogen heat treatment reduced the carbon content of the TiC-Ni compacts and led to reduction in sintering rates and elevated temperatures of liquid-phase formation. Wetting experiments with hydrogen-treated materials showed a time-dependent wetting angle. These results are discussed based on wetting theory and reactions predicted by the equilibrium ternary-phase diagram.
A comparative study of wet and dry selective etching processes for GaAs/AIGaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic MODFETs

The etching characteristics of AlxGa1-xAs in citric acid/H2O2 solutions and SiCl4/SiF4 plasmas have been studied. Using a 4:1 solution of citric acid/H2O2 at 20° C, selectivities of 155, 260, and 1450 have been obtained for GaAs on AlxGa1-xAs withx = 0.3,x = 0.45, andx = 1.0, respectively. Etch rates of GaAs in this solution were found to be independent of line widths and crystal orientations for etched depths up to 1000A. GaAs etch profiles along [110] and [110] directions displayed different slope angles as expected. Selective reactive ion etching (SRIE) using SiCl4/SiF4 gas mixtures at 90 mTorr and -60 V self-biased voltage yielded selectivities between 200 and 500 forx values ranging from 0.17 to 1.0. SRIE etch rates for GaAs were relatively constant for etch depths of less than 1000A. At greater etch depths, etch rates varied by up to 76% for line widths between 0.3 and 1.0µm. Both selective wet etch and dry etch processes were applied to the fabrication of pseudomorphic GaAs/AIGaAs/lnGaAs MODFETs with gate lengths ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 µm on heterostructures with an embedded thin AlAs etch stop layer. A threshold voltage standard deviation of 13.5 mV for 0.3 µ gate-length MODFETs was achieved using a 4:1 citric acid/H2O2 solution for gate recessing. This result compares favorably with the 40 mV obtained using SRIE, and is much superior to the 230 mV achieved using the nonselective etch of 3:1:50 H3PO4: H2O2: H2O. This shows that selective wet etching using citric acid/H2O2 solutions in conjunction with a thin AlxGa1-xAs(x ≥ 0.45) etch stop layer provides a reasonably simple, safe, and reliable process for gate recessing in the fabrication of pseudomorphic MODFETs.
RECDWELL—Computer aided design of six-link planar dwell mechanisms☆

Linkage-type dwell mechanisms are less expensive to manufacture and maintain, and can be superior to cams at high speed. They are also easily adjustable for satisfying variable output motion requirements. In spite of these advantages they have not found wide application. Part of the reason for this lack of popularity is the absence of proper design tools. The inspiration for this work stems from the need to bridge this technological gap. RECDWELL helps to design both circular-arc and straight-line dwell mechanisms using a technique which is simple, efficient and accurate.
Altered self, altered world.

Throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, it was apparent to immunologists that the products of the MHC had a profound influence on immune responsiveness. So-called Ir genes that mapped within the MHC controlled the level of response, high vs low, to certain simple Ags. Another intriguing and well-
Zero-error instantaneous coding of correlated sources with length constraints is NP-complete

It is well known that the Kraft inequality gives a necessary and sufficient condition on the codeword lengths of a zero-error instantaneous code for a single source. However, generalization for two correlated sources is nontrivial. We show that in the Slepian-Wolf configuration, even if one source is known at the decoder, designing a zero-error instantaneous code with given codeword lengths for the other source is NP-complete.
Do Parent Protective Responses Mediate the Relation Between Parent Distress and Child Functional Disability Among Children With Chronic Pain

Objectives To examine whether protective parent responses mediate the relation between parent distress and child functioning. Methods At a pain clinic evaluation, 157 families participated. Parents completed measures of global distress (BSI-18), distress in the context of their child’s pain (BAP-PIQ), and protective responses to their child’s pain. Children completed measures of functional disability and pain. Results BAP-PIQ subscales were significantly associated with child functional disability, whereas BSI subscales were unrelated. Protective parent responses partially mediated the relation between parent distress and child functional disability for depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing. However, parent protective behavior fully mediated the relationship between parent helplessness and child functional disability, indicating that feelings of parent helplessness did not uniquely contribute to child functional disability. Discussion Results suggest that when treating youth with chronic pain, parental distress in the context of children’s pain needs to be addressed.
Growth of a Dehalococcoides-Like Microorganism on Vinyl Chloride and cis-Dichloroethene as Electron Acceptors as Determined by Competitive PCR

Received 17 June 2002/Accepted 13 November 2002 A competitive PCR (cPCR) assay targeting 16S ribosomal DNA was developed to enumerate growth of a Dehalococcoides-like microorganism, bacterium VS, from a mixed culture catalyzing the reductive dehalogenation of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), with hydrogen being used as an electron donor. The growth of bacterium VS was found to be coupled to the dehalogenation of VC and cDCE, suggesting unique metabolic capabilities. The average growth yield was (5.2 1.5) 10 8 copies of the 16S rRNA gene/mol of Cl (number of samples, 10), with VC being used as the electron acceptor and hydrogen as the electron donor. The maximum VC utilization rate (q) was determined to be 7.8 10 10 mol of Cl (copy 1 day 1 ), indicating a maximum growth rate of 0.4 day 1 . These average growth yield and q values agree well with values found previously for dechlorinating cultures. Decay coefficients were determined with growth (0.05 day 1 ) and no-growth (0.09 day 1 ) conditions. An important limitation of this cPCR assay was its inability to discriminate between active and inactive cells. This is an essential consideration for kinetic studies.
EAG-Active Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles Modify Behavioral Responses and Host Attack by An Egg Parasitoid

Volatiles emitted by plants in response to feeding by Lygus species were tested in neurophysiological, behavioral, and parasitism trials with Anaphes iole, an egg parasitoid of Lygus. Electroantennogram analyses indicated that A. iole antennae responded to most herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) tested and that females were usually more responsive than males. Antennal responses to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and methyl salicylate were among the strongest. Behavioral assays in a four-arm olfactometer demonstrated that response of female wasps to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate varied greatly depending on preconditioning regime. Preconditioning wasps to complex host-plant odors led to stronger preference than did a single preconditioning stimulus, i.e., (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. In a horizontal wind tunnel, female wasps were attracted by methyl salicylate and α-farnesene. Parasitism of Lygus lineolaris eggs by A. iole in a cotton field was greater when the eggs were associated with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate or α-farnesene than with controls. Overall, the results of this study show that A. iole can perceive a variety of plant volatiles released after its host damages plants, that the degree of associative learning in A. iole can be manipulated based on preconditioning regime, and that single synthetic HIPVs are attractive to A. iole and can be used to increase attack rates on host eggs. Therefore, it appears that HIPVs have potential for use in suppression of Lygus population densities.
A bedside ultrasound sign of cardiac disease: the left atrium-to-aorta diastolic diameter ratio

Abstract Purpose This study evaluated a simple ultrasound method to detect left atrial (LA) enlargement by comparing the diameters of the LA and aortic root. Procedures The LA and aortic diameters, the LA volume index (LAVI), and significant echo findings were analyzed in 101 consecutive echocardiograms. Mean LAVI and the prevalence of an abnormal echo were compared between groups in which the ratio of the LA diameter to aortic diameter in diastole was >1 vs ≤1. Findings Left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio increased with LAVI ( r = 0.64, P 1 vs ≤1 was noted in 45% vs 55% of patients and had a mean (±SD) LAVI=39 ± 12 vs 27 ± 7 mL/m 2 ( P P Conclusion The left atrium-to-aorta diastolic diameter ratio can detect LA enlargement and may be useful as a quick bedside technique to screen for cardiac disease.
Equivalent Circuits of an Active Network

The problem considered in this paper is that of setting up an exactly equivalent circuit for a four-terminal network containing one e.m.f. and any number of impedances connected in any manner. Several relatively simple circuits which can be used to represent any such active network, and some others which can be used in special cases, are completely specified.
Pathogenesis of Plexiform Neurofibroma: Tumor-Stromal/Hematopoietic Interactions in Tumor Progression

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease that results from either heritable or spontaneous autosomal dominant mutations in the NF1 gene. A second-hit mutation precedes the predominant NF1 neoplasms, which include myeloid leukemia, optic glioma, and plexiform neurofibroma. Despite this requisite NF1 loss of heterozygosity in the tumor cell of origin, nontumorigenic cells contribute to both generalized and specific disease manifestations. In mouse models of plexiform neurofibroma formation, Nf1 haploinsufficient mast cells promote inflammation, accelerating tumor formation and growth. These recruited mast cells, hematopoietic effector cells long known to permeate neurofibroma tissue, mediate key mitogenic signals that contribute to vascular ingrowth, collagen deposition, and tumor growth. Thus, the plexiform neurofibroma microenvironment involves a tumor/stromal interaction with the hematopoietic system that depends, at the molecular level, on a stem cell factor/c-kit-mediated signaling axis. These observations parallel findings in other NF1 disease manifestations and are clearly relevant to medical management of these neurofibromas.
Interactive Back-annotation of Worst-case Execution Time Analysis for Java Microprocessors

As real-time systems become more prevalent, there is a need to guarantee that these increasingly complex systems perform as designed. One technique involves a static analysis to place an upper bound on worst-case execution time (WCET). Tools for conducting this analysis typically require the developer to digest assembly opcodes, hexadecimal addresses, and other low-level details in order to make sense of the results. Java-specific processors offer a way out of this complexity. Such processors make Java software more predictable, and as a consequence, timing analysis of a real-time system becomes less computationally intensive. WCET analysis tools based on these processors can thus offer more powerful features at higher levels of abstraction. As proof of this concept, we present a tool for static WCET analysis of Java processors. Our performance measurements show that this tool makes WCET analysis interactive, offering continuous feedback to the developer in the form of back-annotations.
Electronic Medical Records: A Vision for Medical Data and Service Grids

In this paper, we propose an integrated e-service model for implementing electronic medical records (EMR). We discuss technical and economic issues associated with EMR and argue that the emerging e-services will not fully resolve the issues if they do not work together. To meet the challenge, we propose an integrated e-service framework consisting of both process-and data-oriented grids that glue together distributed electronic medical services and records, and application services that provide readily available solutions. We suggest an implementation architecture that extends the open systems interconnectivity model and improves existing e-service architectures. The proposed e-services framework would help deliver e-health applications effectively at a time when such applications are being considered as an effective means of delivering healthcare information, products, and services.
Questions for stem cell transplant in peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are distinct entities as compared to B-cell lymphomas and carry worst outcomes. Stem cell transplantation has been used to treat these diseases but the exact role for this therapeutic modality is not fully defined for PTCL. Autologous stem cell transplants have been used to consolidate an upfront remission in PTCL with improved disease outcomes though most patients eventually relapse. High-dose therapy and stem cell transplant can also salvage some patients in the relapsed setting if they have chemosensitive disease. Nodal histologies like anaplastic large cell lymphoma, angioimmuoblastic T-cell lymphoma and PTCL-not otherwise specified seem to benefit the most from these approaches. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has been used to harness the graft versus lymphoma effect to provide long-term disease control in relapsed PTCL and may be curative. Improved targeted T-cell directed therapies have allowed more PTCL patients to reach transplantation thus improving overall outcomes for these diseases.
A new approach to scene analysis for IR images

A new automated approach is proposed for subdividing IR images into homogeneous regions and for approximating the probability density function underlying the random data in each region. The approach is illustrated with synthetic data. Both Gaussian and non-Gaussian portions of the image are readily approximated using the recently developed Ozturk algorithm.
Ulnar nerve compression at the wrist

Two cases of compression of the ulnar nerve by ganglions in the distal ulnar tunnel are reported. The type of neurologic deficit (motor, sensory, or both) was helpful in predicting both the zone of nerve compression and the nature of the compressing lesion.
Connecting genes, coexpression modules, and molecular signatures to environmental stress phenotypes in plants

Background One of the eminent opportunities afforded by modern genomic technologies is the potential to provide a mechanistic understanding of the processes by which genetic change translates to phenotypic variation and the resultant appearance of distinct physiological traits. Indeed much progress has been made in this area, particularly in biomedicine where functional genomic information can be used to determine the physiological state (e.g., diagnosis) and predict phenotypic outcome (e.g., patient survival). Ecology currently lacks an analogous approach where genomic information can be used to diagnose the presence of a given physiological state (e.g., stress response) and then predict likely phenotypic outcomes (e.g., stress duration and tolerance, fitness).
Activation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase modulates cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel function.

Cellular Ca2+ signaling underlies diverse vital biological processes, including muscle contractility, memory encoding, fertilization, cell survival, and cell death. Despite extensive studies, the fundamental control mechanisms that regulate intracellular Ca2+ movement remain enigmatic. We have found recently that activation of the (Na++K+)-ATPase markedly potentiates intracellular Ca2+ transients and contractility of rat heart cells. Little is known about the pathway responsible for the activation of the (Na++K+)-ATPase-initiated Ca2+ signaling. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism in which activation of the (Na++K+)-ATPase is coupled to increased L-type Ca2+ channel function through a signaling cascade involving Src and ERK1/2 but not well established regulators of the channel, such as adrenergic receptor system or activation of PKA or CaMKII. We have also identified Ser1928, a phosphorylation site for the α1 subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel that may participate in the activation of the (Na++K+)-ATPase-mediated Ca2+ signaling. The findings reported here uncover a novel molecular cross-talk between activation of the (Na++K+)-ATPase and L-type Ca2+ channel and provide new insights into Ca2+ signaling mechanisms for deeper understanding of the nature of cellular Ca2+ handling in heart.
Spherical harmonic coefficients for the potential of a constant-density polyhedron

Abstract Recurrent relationships for the definitions of fully normalized spherical harmonic coefficients C n , m and S n , m are derived and integrated analytically to yield the gravitational potential of a constant-density polyhedron. The algorithm is expressed in a C language computer program.
Multineuronal activity patterns identify selective synaptic connections under realistic experimental constraints

Structured multineuronal activity patterns within local neocortical circuitry are strongly linked to sensory input, motor output, and behavioral choice. These reliable patterns of pairwise lagged firing are the consequence of connectivity since they are not present in rate-matched but unconnected Poisson nulls. It is important to relate multineuronal patterns to their synaptic underpinnings, but it is unclear how effectively statistical dependencies in spiking between neurons identify causal synaptic connections. To assess the feasibility of mapping function onto structure we used a network model that showed a diversity of multineuronal activity patterns and replicated experimental constraints on data acquisition. Using an iterative Bayesian inference algorithm, we detected a select subset of monosynaptic connections substantially more precisely than correlation-based inference, a common alternative approach. We found that precise inference of synaptic connections improved with increasing numbers of diverse multineuronal activity patterns in contrast to increased observations of a single pattern. Surprisingly, neuronal spiking was most effective and precise at revealing causal synaptic connectivity when the lags considered by the iterative Bayesian algorithm encompassed the timescale of synaptic conductance and integration (∼10 ms), rather than synaptic transmission time (∼2 ms), highlighting the importance of synaptic integration in driving postsynaptic spiking. Last, strong synaptic connections were detected preferentially, underscoring their special importance in cortical computation. Even after simulating experimental constraints, top down approaches to cortical connectivity, from function to structure, identify synaptic connections underlying multineuronal activity. These select connections are closely tied to cortical processing.
Language and compiler design for streaming applications

Summary form only given. We characterize high-performance streaming applications as a new and distinct domain of programs that is becoming increasingly important. The StreamIt language provides novel high-level representations to improve programmer productivity and program robustness within the streaming domain. At the same time, the StreamIt compiler aims to improve the performance of streaming applications via stream-specific analysis and optimizations. We motivate, describe and justify the language features of StreamIt, which include a structured model of streams, a messaging system for control, and a natural textual syntax.
Early Th1 Immunity Decreases Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Impairs Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 20 (2014) S45eS56 S52 engraftment can identify patients whomay benefit from preemptive therapies to promote GVL and prevent malignancy relapse.
Comparison of myocardial preservation techniques for aortocoronary bypass surgery.

Abstract The myocardial properties of three different techniques for cardiac arrest during aortocoronary bypass surgery were analyzed. Ventricular fibrillation and moderate total body hypothermia (30–33°C) (Group I) was found to be an insecure method of preservation. It produced a high incidence of focal irreversible ultrastructural changes (7 of 10 patients), high post-bypass CK-MB levels (mean 85.54 U/liter) indicative of myocardial damage, and impaired clinical and physiologic recovery courses. Six out of ten patients needed inotropic support, three had prolonged stay in ICU, and three patients showed Type III (unacceptable) recovery trajectories, one of whom died of myocardial decompensation four weeks after surgery. This method, which was the most common one used in our institution, was completely abandoned as a result of these studies. Potassium induced cardioplegia combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate, hypertonic glucose and intermittent moderate topical cooling (25–27°C) of the heart (Group III) offered a generally acceptable form of myocardial protection, as only one patient showed irreversible ultrastructural changes. The mean post-bypass CK-MB level was only moderately elevated (mean 22.32 U/liter), but seven of ten patients needed inotropic support. There were no Type III recovery trajectories and two patients showed an optimal Type I recovery. Only one patient had a prolonged stay in ICU, and another patient exhibited electrocardiographic evidence of a perioperative myocardial injury pattern. Selective intracavitary profound hypothermic arrest (15–18°C) (SIPHA) offered the best myocardial protection as evidenced by remarkably well preserved ultrastructure and significantly (P These data also suggest that the major determinant of a successful myocardial preservation is the level of myocardial layer temperature, being best at the lowest temperature (15–18°C), worst at the highest temperature (30–33°C) and intermediate at 25–27°C. Additional injury may also be induced by ventricular fibrillation which by itself increases myocardial metabolic demands.
Endometrial HSD11B1 and Cortisol Regeneration in the Ovine Uterus: Effects of Pregnancy, Interferon Tau, and Prostaglandins

In ruminants, the elongating conceptus secretes interferon tau (IFNT), the pregnancy recognition signal, and prostaglandins (PGs). Progesterone from the ovary induces prostaglandin synthase two (PTGS2) and hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1) in the endometrial epithelia, and PTGS2derived PGs regulate endometrial functions and conceptus elongation. The enzyme HSD11B1 interconverts inactive cortisone and active cortisol. These studies determined the effects of pregnancy, IFNT, and PGs on endometrial HSD11B1 expression and activity in the ovine uterus. Study one found that HSD11B1 activity was present in both the endometrium and conceptus during early pregnancy. In study two, ewes received intrauterine infusions of vehicle as a control (CX) or meloxicam (MEL), a PTGS2 inhibitor, from Days 8 to 14 of pregnancy. Endometrial HSD11B1 activity and cortisol in the uterine lumen were substantially lower in MEL-infused ewes. In study three, cyclic ewes received intrauterine infusions of vehicle as a CX, MEL, recombinant ovine IFNT, or IFNT and MEL. Infusion of IFNT increased endometrial HSD11B1 expression and activity and cortisol in the uterine lumen, and this effect was diminished by coinfusion of MEL. In study four, cyclic ewes were infused with vehicle as a CX, IFNT, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or PGI2. Infusion of all the PGs and IFNT increased endometrial HSD11B1 expression and activity, and IFNT and PGI2 infusion increased cortisol in the uterine lumen. These studies support the idea that IFNT and PGs from the conceptus regulate endometrial HSD11B1 expression and activity that regenerates bioactive cortisol in the ovine uterus during early pregnancy to influence endometrial functions and conceptus elongation. cortisol, endometrium, gene regulation, mechanisms of hormone action, ruminants
Abstract W MP88: Reduced Platelet Activity is Associated With Intraventricular Hematoma Clearance

Background: Reduction of intraventricular hematoma (IVH) burden is a novel therapeutic target for patients with intraventricular extension of intracerebral hemorrhage, yet little is known about clinical factors that may mediate IVH clearance. We tested the hypothesis that coagulation and platelet function abnormalities were associated with IVH clearance. Methods: Patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and June 2013. We studied patients with IVH who underwent ventricular drainage and survived to discharge. Diagnostic and surveillance neuroimaging studies were analyzed for the presence of IVH and quantified by Graeb score. We used univariate analysis to select candidate variables (p<0.25) into a logistic regression model to identify clinical and radiographic factors independently associated with IVH clearance, defined as a decrease between highest to final Graeb score over up to 7 days. We assessed coagulation function by international normalized ratio (INR) and platelet function by aspirin reaction units (ARU), with decreasing ARU indicating aspirin-associated platelet dysfunction. Results: There were 289 subjects in the cohort, of which 53 met inclusion criteria for this analysis. Univariate analysis identified age, hematoma volume, hydrocephalus, development of ventriculitis, INR, ARU, and observation interval between peak Graeb score and follow up imaging as potentially associated with IVH clearance. Multivariate modeling confirmed that platelet function by ARU (OR 0.990 IQR 0.992-0.998, p=0.019) and the observation interval (OR 1.024 per hour IQR 1.004-1.025, p=0.021) were independently associated with observing IVH clearance. Conclusion: After correction for observation interval, aspirin-related platelet dysfunction is the clinical variable most strongly associated with IVH clearance in patients with intraventricular extension of intracerebral hemorrhage. These findings suggest an important interaction between platelet function and hematoma stability.
Surgical management of transposition of the great arteries

From January 1983 through December 1991 470 patients underwent an arterial switch operation (ASO). 281 (59.7%) had transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with intact ventricular septum (IVS) and 189 (40.3%) had a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The overall hospital mortality for ASO was 6.3%, but 0.6% (1/155) in the last 155 consecutive patients with TGA/IVS. Of 9 late deaths (1.9%) 5 were due to coronary artery obstruction. 2 were found related to pulmonary vascular obstructive disease and 2 were unrelated to ASO. Cardiac catheterization in 244 late survivors revealed postoperative, supravalvular pulmonary stenosis in 2% of patients. Residual shunts on ventricular levels greater than QP/QS=1.5/1.0 were measured in 4 patients. No regional wall motion abnormalities were detected and left ventricular function appeared normal in all patients 2 years after surgery. One year after surgery 98% of patients presented in sinus rhythm. The favourable early and midterm results of the ASO as a primary operation continue to make it the preferred approach for the neonate with TGA/IVS and TGA/VSD whenever possible. The rapid two-stage approach (preliminary pulmonary artery banding and shunt followed by ASO after 7 days) is applicable for older patients with TGA/IVS.
Economical Solution of Optimal Control Problems in Biomechanics: Preliminary Performance

Optimal control of the skeletal system can identify the underlying mechanisms of normal locomotion, and also has the potential for a-priori evaluation of surgical and rehabilitative procedures to correct movement disorders. Nevertheless, clinical applications are limited, particularly due to time-consuming simulations and the requirements of high-level engineering expertise. This study offers a novel strategy that reduces the computational requirements considerably. A preliminary investigation to assess performance is also illustrated using an elbow joint model.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Contributions of Comorbid Diabetes to Sleep Characteristics, Daytime Symptoms, and Physical Function Among Patients With Stable Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are often comorbid. Sleep disturbances, poor physical functioning, and high levels of daytime symptoms are prevalent and contribute to poor quality of life in both populations. However, little is known about the independent and additive effects of comorbid DM on sleep, physical function, and daytime symptoms among patients with HF. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which comorbid DM confers independent and additive effects on sleep disturbance, physical functioning, and symptoms among patients with stable HF. METHODS This secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of 173 stable class II to IV HF patients. Self-report and polysomnography were used to measure sleep quality, objective sleep characteristics, and sleep-disordered breathing. Physical function measures included wrist actigraphy, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form physical component summary score. Fatigue, sleepiness, and depression were also measured. Univariate analyses and hierarchical regression models were computed. RESULTS The sample included 173 (n = 119/68% HF and n = 54/32% HF plus DM) patients (mean [SD] age, 60.4 [16.1] years). In analyses adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and New York Heart Association classification, the HF patients with DM had longer sleep latency and spent a greater percentage of time awake after sleep onset than the HF patients who did not have DM (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in Respiratory Disturbance Index or self-reported sleep quality. Sleep duration was low in both groups. The patients with DM had shorter 6MWT distance, lower ratio of daytime to nighttime activity, as well as lower general health and self-reported physical function. Hierarchical regression models revealed that age and DM were the only significant correlates of the sleep variables, whereas age, gender, New York Heart Association class, and DM were all associated with 6MWT distance. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid DM contributes independent and additive effects on sleep disturbances and poor physical functioning in patients with stable HF.