cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Pancreas

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare malignancy that remains a challenge to treat. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma occurs at an incidence of 2% annually in United States. The current standard of care is based largely upon retrospective data. There remains a need for large prospective cooperative group trials in the management of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. In this paper, we will review abstract #e15096 (Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and etoposide (TCE) in advanced poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma) by Loeffler et al . and #e15071 (Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC G3): prognostic factors and potential novel targets) by Heetfeld et al . presented at the 2013 ASCO Annual Meeting highlighting treatment options in first and second lines for poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Image: Main gate, Tufts University. Medford, MA, USA. (Author: Daderot; Wikimedia Commons )
Are Social Networks the Ties that Bind Families to Neighborhoods

This paper examines the impact of intra-neighborhood social ties on the inter-neighborhood residential mobility of families with children using data from the 1997 and 2002 Child Development Supplements (CDS) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Results suggest that local kinship ties and the social networks of children deter the inter-neighborhood mobility of families with children. Among low-income families, local social ties are even more ‘binding’. These results have important implications for community development policy and housing programs that emphasize inter-neighborhood mobility.
Quantum mechanics vs local realism near the classical limit: A Bell inequality for spin s

The quantitative quantum-mechanical analysis of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment for correlated particles of arbitrary spin $s$ is shown to contradict a generalized form of Bell's inequality, for suitable orientations of the detectors. As the classical ($s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) limit is approached, the range of angles for which the contradiction arises vanishes as $\frac{1}{s}$.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF DEFERRED CANCER : A STUDY OF THE AFTER-EFFECTS OF METHYLCHOLANTHRENE UPON RABBIT SKIN

The ears of young adult rabbits were painted with methylcholanthrene (MC) long enough to call forth a few benign tumors (papillomas, frill horns), and the animals were followed throughout their later lives. Soon after the paintings were stopped the tumors began to dwindle and vanished, yet even while they were disappearing other growths of the same kinds arose, only to vanish later in their turn. For a long while more arose than disappeared, and in consequence the number of tumors increased throughout years. They accumulated at a constant rate despite concurrent changes in the supporting skin, which might have been supposed, on previous experience, to have prevented this from happening. Only in the old age of the animals did the number of tumors eventually fall off, and by this time the skin on which they had arisen, long since normal in the gross to all appearance, had become nearly so microscopically. Even then latent neoplastic potentialities still existed in the cutaneous tissue; where punch holes were healing new tumors arose. A great multitude of hidden neoplastic cells were present in the MCed skin, and from them many of the growths called forth by the stimulus of healing undoubtedly derived. Yet the facts make it difficult to suppose that the long accumulation, at a constant rate, of tumors visible in the gross was due wholly to the proliferation of cells rendered neoplastic during the period of exposure to MC, and lying hidden afterwards for periods determined by their differing, evenly graded capabilities. Nor can the accumulation be attributed to a sustained carcinogenesis resulting from the pathological state of the skin. As a whole the findings indicate that the linear increase in growths was due for the most part to a continual arrival at the neoplastic state and subsequent proliferation of cells, or the descendants of cells, that had been no more than started on the way toward becoming neoplastic by the carcinogen. There is clinical evidence for such a course of events. Now and again a carcinoma arose from the skin previously treated with MC, but they were few in all, as would follow from the presence of local conditions unfavorable to malignant change. Some appeared only after years,—in one instance more than 5 years after. The occurrence of deferred cancer in man can be understood in terms of the findings in rabbits.
Treatment of Primary CNS Lymphoma With Methotrexate and Deferred Radiotherapy: A Report of NABTT 96–07

Purpose: A multicenter, phase II study of single-agent, intravenous methotrexate in newly diagnosed non-AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma was conducted in the New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy (NABTT) CNS Consortium. Methods: Methotrexate (8 g/m2) was initially administered every 2 weeks. The primary end point was radiographic CR or PR, as defined by standard radiographic criteria, and secondary end points were survival and drug-related toxicity. Results: Twenty-five patients were enrolled with a mean age of 60 years and median Karnofsky Performance Score of 80. Three of 14 patients who underwent lumbar puncture had malignant cells on CSF cytopathology, and five of 25 patients had ocular involvement. Two patients could not be evaluated for the primary end point because of the absence of measurable disease in one and death before radiologic imaging in another. All patients have completed the treatment program or progressed. Among 23 patients, there were 12 CR (52%), five PR (22%), one (4%) with stable ...
The highly irregular firing of cortical cells is inconsistent with temporal integration of random EPSPs

How random is the discharge pattern of cortical neurons? We examined recordings from primary visual cortex (V1; Knierim and Van Essen, 1992) and extrastriate cortex (MT; Newsome et al., 1989a) of awake, behaving macaque monkey and compared them to analytical predictions. For nonbursting cells firing at sustained rates up to 300 Hz, we evaluated two indices of firing variability: the ratio of the variance to the mean for the number of action potentials evoked by a constant stimulus, and the rate-normalized coefficient of variation (Cv) of the interspike interval distribution. Firing in virtually all V1 and MT neurons was nearly consistent with a completely random process (e.g., Cv approximately 1). We tried to model this high variability by small, independent, and random EPSPs converging onto a leaky integrate-and- fire neuron (Knight, 1972). Both this and related models predicted very low firing variability (Cv << 1) for realistic EPSP depolarizations and membrane time constants. We also simulated a biophysically very detailed compartmental model of an anatomically reconstructed and physiologically characterized layer V cat pyramidal cell (Douglas et al., 1991) with passive dendrites and active soma. If independent, excitatory synaptic input fired the model cell at the high rates observed in monkey, the Cv and the variability in the number of spikes were both very low, in agreement with the integrate-and-fire models but in strong disagreement with the majority of our monkey data. The simulated cell only produced highly variable firing when Hodgkin-Huxley- like currents (INa and very strong IDR) were placed on distal dendrites. Now the simulated neuron acted more as a millisecond- resolution detector of dendritic spike coincidences than as a temporal integrator. We argue that neurons that act as temporal integrators over many synaptic inputs must fire very regularly. Only in the presence of either fast and strong dendritic nonlinearities or strong synchronization among individual synaptic events will the degree of predicted variability approach that of real cortical neurons.
The Role and Function of the Public Company Audit Committee

In recent years we have been inundated with news of corporations under investigation because of questionable accounting practices. In the worst case scenarios, companies have gone bankrupt and ceased to exist because of lack of oversight and controls. Greedy high-level executives have lived a lavish life-style at the expense of millions of shareholders. Thousands of employees have lost their life savings and livelihood. This paper covers the different legislation and controls that have been signed into law and how the Audit Committee has put their foot down and stomped creative accounting practices in an effort to prevent any more Enron and WorldCom fiascos.
Role of the hip flexors in trunk posture during walking

group A improved from 58.23± 8.43 to 36.56± 5.6, group B improved from 61.12± 7.2 to 43.35± 4.34, group C improved from 66.86± 7.35 to 53.78± 6.57. The SPADI were changed significantly in group A and group B (P 0.05). Comparison between group A and group B, the improvement of group A was superior to that of group B in the SPADI (P< 0.05). Conclusion(s): The Mulligan’s mobilization with movement combined with stretching therapy could improve the shoulder ROM, pain intensity and function of the frozen shoulder patients better.We can combine some active therapy and home exercise therapy for the future work, try to find our better treatment for the frozen shoulder patients. Implications: Most physiotherapists in mainland were not familiar with MWM, they do not know how to use it in frozen shoulder patients. After they study in this article, they can learn more about MWM and know how to use different treatments together for the frozen shoulder patients.
Solar power, state power, and the politics of energy transition in pre-Saharan Morocco:

In 2009, the Kingdom of Morocco embarked on the Solar Plan, an ambitious 10-year plan to become a leading solar power producer. This paper examines the genesis of the first project in the plan, a c...
Global clock distribution using standing wave resonant on transmission lines

In this paper, an X-tree clock distribution typology has been applied, a two stage, 7.5 mm ∗ 7.5 mm dimension standing wave resonant clock distribution network can perfectly convey clock signals everywhere on to the chip without taking up much of the chip area (around 1.28mm2, which is 2.2% of the total chip area), and dissipating 51.75 mW power. The clock jitter is 1.86ps and almost zero clock skew.
Methods for elimination and reconstruction of abnormal power data in wind farms

Electric power big data is an important resource for electric power development and comes from the procedures of electricity production and energy utilization. Wind power operating data is the major part of electric power big data. With the dramatic increase of wind power penetration, it is of great significance for wind farm operation, control and integration research by collection, processing and analysis of real historical operating data from wind farms. However, amounts of data collected from wind farms usually contain abnormal data, which have adverse impact on the study of fluctuation characteristics of wind power, wind power prediction, etc. The main source of abnormal data existed in wind farm historical operation data is analyzed and a model for eliminating abnormal data based on quartile method is presented. In the cases of missing data, methods based on patterns of similarity between neighboring wind farms outputs and multi-point cubic spline are used on the basis of historical data to reconstruct the discontinuous time series respectively. The case study indicates that the presented models are efficient for eliminating abnormal data and reconstructing missing data, which can be applied in practical engineering.
How Far Can Support Go? Supported Supervisors’ Performance and Subordinate Dedication

The present study builds on prior research involving organizational support theory and the trickle-down effects of supervisors’ perceived organizational support (POS). We examine benefits of supervisor POS for the supervisors themselves (enhanced affective commitment and in-role performance), and a behavioral mechanism through which supervisors’ POS may lead to subordinate dedication, a multifaceted conceptualization of performance. Using three sources of data (from 139 human resource professionals, their 47 supervisors, and the 22 bosses of their supervisors) we assessed the hypothesized relationships using multilevel path modeling. Supervisors’ POS related positively to supervisors’ affective commitment to their organization, resulting in better supervisor in-role performance two months later. Also, having better performing supervisors resulted in more dedication by employees in the form of extra-role performance, as rated by their supervisor 2 months later, and extra hours worked. It appears providing organizational support to supervisors may result in beneficial outcomes for the supervisors and the organization in terms of supervisors’ enhanced emotional attachment to the company, and better performance in their job, with consequences for subordinate dedication in terms of extra hours worked and extra-role performance. These findings contribute to organizational support theory by showing initial evidence that supervisor in-role performance can serve as an explanatory mechanism through which supervisors’ POS trickles down to aid subordinates.
Sub-THz interconnect channel for planar chip-to-chip communication

This article presents the dielectric waveguide based sub-THz interconnect channels for high bandwidth-density and high energy-efficiency chip-to-chip communications. Both far-field and near-field transition based channels are analyzed and demonstrated. The insertion losses of the interconnect with far-field transitions and near-field transitions are about 8.4 dB with 12.6 GHz 3-dB bandwidth and 4.0 dB with 59 GHz 3-dB bandwidth, respectively.
Vendor Contract Considerations

Once vendors have been selected, organizations need to have contracts that protect their corporate interests while at the same time are fair to the vendors. Vendors typically have standard contracts or skeleton agreements for organizations to work from, but there are significant issues that must be covered such as indemnity, access to source code, a process of communication if there are problems, warrantees and guarantees, and support. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance on the relevant stages, considerations, and content of the contract agreement. In this context, it is important that both the buyer and seller feel protected. The question really becomes how to provide an agreement where both sides feel it is fair.
Qualitative Evaluation of Digital Hand X-rays Is Not a Reliable Method to Assess Bone Mineral Density.

Object: The gold standard for evaluating bone mineral density is dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Prior studies have shown poor reliability using analog wrist X-rays in diagnosing osteoporosis. Our goal was to investigate if there was improved diagnostic value to visual assessment of digital hand X-rays in osteoporosis screening. We hypothesized that similar to analog counterparts, digital hand X-rays have poor correlation and reliability in determining bone mineral density (BMD) relative to DEXA.Methods: We prospectively evaluated female patients older than 65 years who presented to our hand clinic with digital hand and wrist X-rays as part of their evaluation over six months. Patients who had a fracture and were without DEXA scans within the past two years were excluded. Five fellowship-trained hand surgeons, blinded to DEXA T-scores, evaluated the x-rays over two assessments separated by four weeks and classified them as osteoporotic, osteopenic, or normal BMD. Accuracy relative to DEXA T-score, interobserver and intraobserver rates were calculated.Results: Thirty four patients met the inclusion criteria and a total of 340 x-rays reviews were performed. The assessments were correct in 169 cases (49%) as compared to the DEXA T-scores. A mean weighted kappa coefficient of agreement between observers was 0.29 (range 0.02-0.41) reflecting a fair agreement. The first and second assessment for all five physicians was 0.46 (range 0.19-0.78) reflecting a moderate agreement. Grouping osteoporosis and osteopenia together compared to normal, the accuracy, interobserver and intraobserver rates increased to 63%, 0.42 and 0.54 respectively.Conclusion: Abnormally low BMD is a common occurrence in patients treated for upper extremity disorders. There is poor accuracy relative to DEXA scan and only fair agreement in diagnosing osteoporosis using visual assessments of digital x-rays.
Hemes of Hydroporphyrins

Iron chlorins and isobacteriochlorins have been synthesized and studied to provide information on the functional roles of heme d and siroheme in enzymes which mediate multielectron reductions of nitrite, sulfite, and oxygen. Coordination complexes of ligands such as CO, NO, dioxygen, and nitrite were characterized by physicochemical means. It has been found that although the coordination behavior of heme d and siroheme is not significantly different from that of iron porphyrin, their redox properties are very different from normal hemes. In particular, the facile ring cation radical formation observed with siroheme analogues suggests that redox reactions involving the isobacteriochlorin ring may participate in the biological function of siroheme.
Employment status and cybersecurity behaviors

Cybersecurity behaviors of employees are major contributors of cyber attacks in organizations. It is important to investigate an employee's cybersecurity posture within an organization. Using our cybersecurity behavior model, we surveyed employees from different organizations on their perceptions on various cybersecurity-related psychological variables. We study whether employment status differentiates how cybersecurity is perceived and cybersecurity behavior is conducted. We use point bi-serial correlation to evaluate the strength of the relationships between employment status (i.e., full-time vs. part-time) and psychological variables (e.g., perceived severity of threat, perceived vulnerability, etc.). Our results show that full-time employees perceive vulnerability higher than those of part-time employees.
Pediatric Neuroendocrine Carcinoid Tumors: Review of Diagnostic Imaging Findings and Recent Advances.

OBJECTIVE. Although rare, pediatric neuroendocrine tumors including carcinoid tumor have increased in incidence over the past few decades. Despite increased recognition, survival rates have not significantly improved. Earlier detection of these tumors is necessary to improve clinical outcomes. This article discusses imaging approaches for detecting pediatric carcinoid tumors including anatomic imaging methods such as CT and MRI as well as functional imaging methods targeting the somatostatin receptor including 111In-labeled octreotide and newer 68Ga-based radiotracers that may hold promise in hybrid PET/CT or PET/MRI. CONCLUSION. Improvements in functional imaging with novel somatostatin receptor–specific radiotracers along with fused functional and anatomic imaging have substantially improved the clinical detection of carcinoid tumors. Although rare, these tumors are encountered in children, and an awareness of the appropriate use of various imaging methods is essential for pediatric specialists. Further...
Agglomeration Determines Effects of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials on Soybean Nodulation, Dinitrogen Fixation Potential, and Growth in Soil.

The potential effects of carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) on agricultural plants are of concern. However, little research has been performed using plants cultivated to maturity in soils contaminated with various CNMs at different concentrations. Here, we grew soybean for 39 days to seed production in soil amended with 0.1, 100, or 1000 mg kg–1 of either multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), or carbon black (CB) and studied plant growth, nodulation, and dinitrogen (N2) fixation potential. Plants in all CNM treatments flowered earlier (producing 60% to 372% more flowers when reproduction started) than the unamended controls. The low MWCNT-treated plants were shorter (by 15%) with slower leaf cover expansion (by 26%) and less final leaf area (by 24%) than the controls. Nodulation and N2 fixation potential appeared negatively impacted by CNMs, with stronger effects at lower CNM concentrations. All CNM treatments reduced the whole-plant N2 fixation potential, with the highest r...
A New History of India. 6th edition. By Stanley Wolpert. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 450. $49.95.)

On May II, 1998, the newly constituted government of India, headed by the Hindunationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), detonated a nuclear device at Pokhran. The same site had been used twenty-four years earlier when Indira Gandhi had done the same thing This time, the world was aghast for a multitude of reasons. This device was detonated to further India's program of nuclear weaponization, whereas Indira's program was for peaceful purposes. Secondly, the decision was made by a Hindu-nationalist party, rather than the secular Congress party. Finally, this nuclear detonation essentially forced the government of Pakistan to respond two weeks later with its own detonation and weaponization. Overnight, "South Asia has thus achieved the dreaded distinction of becoming the world's most perilous region of potential nuclear conflict in the twenty-first century.·(454) A region that still has not resolved long-festering Indo-Pak tensions over Kashmir, that are only exacerbated by religious differences.
Predictive Design of Shear-Thickening Electrolytes for Safety Considerations

Non-Newtonian, shear-thickening lithium-ion battery electrolytes show promise for improved safety in high impact events by exhibiting a reversible transition to a solid-like phase under high shear. This aids in the prevention of shorting and subsequent combustion of volatile electrolyte under such conditions. In this work, we investigate the electrodynamics of shear-thickening electrolytes using conductivity under shear measurements, as well as finite-element modeling. We observe an order of magnitude drop in ionic conductivity under shear-thickening conditions. We suggest a working model to explain substantial drops in conductivity observed in shear-thickening electrolytes under shear. The results here can be generally applied to any electrolyte that exhibits non-Newtonian hydrodynamic properties.
Interactive Analytics System for Exploring Outliers

ONION is the first system with rich interactive support for efficiently analyzing outliers. ONION features an innovative exploration model that offers an "outlier-centric panorama'' into big datasets. The ONION system is composed of an offline preprocessing phase followed by an online exploration phase that supports rich classes of novel exploration operations. As our demonstration illustrates, this enables analysts to interactively explore outliers at near real-time speed even over large datasets. We demonstrate ONION's capabilities with urban planning applications use cases on the Open Street Maps dataset.
In vivo flow cytometry for blood cell analysis using differential epi-detection of forward scattered light

The present standard of blood cell analysis is an invasive procedure requiring the extraction of patient’s blood, followed by ex-vivo analysis using a flow cytometer or a hemocytometer. We are developing a noninvasive optical technique that alleviates the need for blood extraction. For in-vivo blood analysis we need a high speed, high resolution and high contrast label-free imaging technique. In this proceeding report, we reported a label-free method based on differential epi-detection of forward scattered light, a method inspired by Jerome Mertz's oblique back-illumination microscopy (OBM) (Ford et al, Nat. Meth. 9(12) 2012). The differential epi-detection of forward light gives phase contrast image at diffraction-limited resolution. Unlike reflection confocal microscopy (RCM), which detects only sharp refractive index variation and suffers from speckle noise, this technique is suitable for detection of subtle variation of refractive index in biological tissue and it provides the shape and the size of cells. A custom built high speed electronic detection circuit board produces a real-time differential signal which yields image contrast based on phase gradient in the sample. We recorded blood flow in-vivo at 17.2k lines per second in line scan mode, or 30 frames per second (full frame), or 120 frame per second (quarter frame) in frame scan mode. The image contrast and speed of line scan data recording show the potential of the system for noninvasive blood cell analysis.
Acute right heart failure

The pathophysiology of acute right heart failure, determined largely from experimental animal studies, is outlined. The authors also discuss clinical settings in which acute right ventricular failure may occur and methods for assessing right ventricular function. A physiologic approach to the treatment of acute right heart failure in patients is provided.
From Skeptic to Vital Partner in Massage Therapy Research: an Interview with Mark Hyman Rapaport, MD

Mark Hyman Rapaport, MD is a highly accomplished researcher, academician, and clinician. Dr. Rapaport has more than 180 publications, and his main research interests include biologic genesis of anxiety disorders, as well as immunity abnormalities and depression in mood disorders. His research investigating massage therapy has included study of inflammatory biomarkers, cancer related fatigue, and generalized anxiety disorder. He has created a successful partnership with the Atlanta School of Massage for the implementation of his research inquiry. Dr. Rapaport discusses with us a wide range of topics on massage therapy, including from where his inspiration for research comes.
Secondary hemochromatosis. I. Transfusion (exogenous) hemochromatosis.

Abstract 1. Secondary hemochromatosis has been sharply separated from simple hemosiderosis by defining the former as “a condition acquired as a consequence of anemia, blood transfusions, or both, and characterized by increased hepatic and total body iron content and unequivocal portal cirrhosis of the liver.” 2. Previously reported cases are critically reviewed in the light of this definition. 3. Two new cases of secondary (exogenous) hemochromatosis are reported. 4. Anemia is postulated as the basic etiologic factor in secondary hemochromatosis by causing increased iron absorption; iron introduced in the form of blood transfusions probably only accelerates a process already in progress. 5. Prolonged futile oral iron therapy may be harmful. 6. A plea is made for a strict concept of secondary hemochromatosis as well as for thorough documentation of future reports.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Versus Elective Neck Dissection for Stage I to II Oral Cavity Cancer.

OBJECTIVES Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been shown to be an accurate technique for staging the neck in early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and has been incorporated in treatment guidelines as an option instead of elective neck dissection (END). However, utilization of SLNB in the United States remains unclear, and existing prospective studies did not directly compare survival between SLNB and END. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with stage I to II OCSCC (cT1-2cN0cM0) who underwent staging of the neck in the National Cancer Data Base from 2012 to 2015. We compared the practice patterns and outcomes of patients who underwent SLNB versus END. RESULTS We identified 8,328 eligible patients with a median follow-up of 35.4 months. SLNB was used for 240 patients, or 2.9% of stage I to II OCSCC. Completion neck dissection was avoided in 63.8% of patients undergoing SLNB. SLNB was associated with reduced perioperative morbidity, with median length of hospital stay of 1.0 days versus 3.0 days after END (P < 0.001). Perioperative 30-day mortality was 0% after SLNB versus 0.7% after END (P = 0.42). Overall 3-year survival was 82.0% after SLNB and 77.5% after END (P = 0.40). After adjustment, overall survival was equivalent between patients who underwent SLNB versus END (adjusted hazard ratio 1.03, confidence interval 0.67-1.59). CONCLUSIONS SLNB for stage I to II OCSCC is associated with reduced length of hospital stay and equivalent overall survival compared with END. Despite these attributes, SLNB remains rarely used in the United States. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:162-169, 2019.
KinSim: A Research-Grade, User-Friendly, Visual Kinetics Simulator for Chemical-Kinetics and Environmental-Chemistry Teaching

KinSim is a research-grade, interactive, user-friendly, open-source, and visual software for kinetics modeling of environmental chemistry and other applications. Students without any computer-programming background and limited knowledge of environmental chemistry can use KinSim, which also includes multiple features and functionality dedicated to reducing users’ workload and preventing users from creating errors in modeling; thus, KinSim is particularly suitable for in-classroom and homework teaching applications. Students can choose from several preprogrammed mechanisms and initial conditions for important environmental-chemistry problems, and only clicking a few buttons is needed to perform a simulation and obtain graphs with concentrations and chemical fluxes. The mechanism and initial conditions can be edited very easily to study other cases. Feedback from its use in courses shows the effectiveness of KinSim in helping students conduct computer experiments to gain familiarity with environmental chemical systems and helping them gain deeper understanding of the complex emergent behaviors of the systems. KinSim’s accuracy and speed are similar to those of other software packages used in research, and at least 15 published peer-reviewed papers have used it.
The History of Chemical Engineering and Pedagogy: The Paradox of Tradition and Innovation

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology started the first US chemical engineering program six score years ago. Since that time, the chemical engineering curriculum has evolved. The latest versions of the curriculum are attempts to broaden chemical engineering to add product engineering, biology and nanotechnology to the traditional process engineering, chemistry and energy. Although there have been attempts to add flexibility, the chemical engineering curriculum remains monolithic (all students take almost identical sequences of courses) and hierarchical. Chemical engineering textbooks have tremendous staying power because authors have time to adapt to slow changes in the curriculum. Chemical engineering has been somewhat schizophrenic – chemical engineering research has covered all areas in which chemical engineers believe they can make a contribution, but departments have been notably unwilling (until recently) to expand the borders of the undergraduate curriculum. Despite the conservatism of ChE departments, chemical engineering has been at the forefront of helping new professors learn how to teach and individual chemical engineering professors have been leaders in the push for engineering education reform. Examples of chemical engineering leadership in pedagogy include the Chemical Engineering Division of ASEE Summer School every five years, the Division’s publication of the journal Chemical Engineering Education, and leadership in teaching professors how-to-teach. Individual efforts include the development of the guided design method, introducing Problem Based Learning into engineering, \ laboratory improvements and hands-on learning, the textbook Teaching Engineering, and the championing of cooperative group learning. Despite these efforts, most ChE professors insist on lecturing. This paper will provide a brief history of chemical engineering programs, curricula and pedagogies.
The effects of brief high intensity light on ocular growth in chicks developing myopia vary with time of day.

Abstract Evidence suggests that the relevant variable in the anti-myopigenic effect of increased time spent outdoors is the increase in light intensity. Because light is the strongest Zeitgeber, it is plausible that the effects of bright light exposure depend on time of day, and may impact circadian rhythms. In these studies, we asked whether the effects on eye growth rates and ocular rhythms of brief daily exposures to bright light differed depending on time of day in eyes developing myopia in response to form deprivation (FD) or negative lens-induced hyperopic defocus (LENS). We also studied the effects of concurrent exposures to brief hyperopic defocus and bright light. Exp. 1 : Starting at 12d, chicks wearing monocular diffusers or −10 D lenses were exposed to 3 daily hours (h) of bright light (30K lux) in the morning (FD: n = 12; LENS: n = 7) or evening (FD: n = 21; LENS: n = 7) for a total of 6 exposures. Controls wore diffusers or lenses but weren't exposed to bright light ("not bright" FD: n = 14; LENS: n = 9). Exp. 2 : Untreated chicks were exposed to 3 h bright light in the morning (n = 12) or evening (n = 14) for a total of 6 exposures. Controls were not exposed to bright light (n = 11). Exp. 3 : Chicks were exposed to 2 h simultaneous monocular hyperopic defocus and bright light in the morning (n = 11), mid-day (n = 7) or evening (n = 8) for 5 exposures. “Not bright” lens-wearing controls were data from published work (Nickla et al., 2017). High frequency A-scan ultrasonography was done at the start and end to measure growth rates. The FD group in Exp. 1 and the morning and evening groups in Exp. 3 were measured at 6-h intervals over the final 24 h to determine parameters for the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness. 1. Brief bright light in the evening inhibited eye growth in eyes wearing diffusers or lenses relative to "not bright" controls(interocular differences: FD: 316 vs 468 μm, p = 0.026; LENS: 233 vs 438 μm, p = 0.03); morning bright light had no effect. There was no differential effect of time of day of exposure on the rhythm in axial length; for choroid thickness, “time” accounted for the variance between groups (2-way ANOVA interaction p = 0.027). 2. In binocularly untreated chicks, bright light in the morning had a small but significant growth stimulatory effect relative to evening exposures (803 vs 679 μm/7d; post-hoc p = 0.048). 3. Eyes exposed to simultaneous hyperopic defocus and bright light were significantly more inhibited relative to “not bright” controls for morning exposures (interocular differences: −207 vs 69 μm; p
Introduction: “A Cemetery Inhabited by Highly Vocal Ghosts”

This book explores how Shakespeare’s plays use ideas of blackness and specifically ideas about black women in order to make whiteness and white femininity visible and valuable. The introduction outlines some of the historical circumstances that worked to make black women invisible within the archive of the transatlantic slave trade beginning during Shakespeare’s lifetime, circumstances that would come to augment the habits of erasure already evident in his plays. After a brief review of the critical history of early modern race studies, the introduction discusses Toni Morrison’s 2012 Desdemona, which imagines the interactions of Othello’s female characters—ones who appear in the play as well as some who do not—in an effort to tell the parts of stories about race and women that Shakespeare leaves out. The introduction finishes with brief descriptions of each of the book’s chapters.
The Community of Christ (RLDS Church): Structuring Common Differences in the Philippines

In the small Filipino town of Simimbaan, a coral-blue church with peaked gothic windows sits prominently in the middle of a rural barangay (village). The church building itself dates from the early 2000s, though its congregation members have been meeting in the barangay since the 1970s. Large wooden doors on the chapel feature a carved relief of a lion, a lamb, and a small child, with the words “Peace” below them. The sign outside the congregation reads, “Simimbaan Community of Christ.” However, many locals refer to it somewhat pejoratively as “the evacuees’ church,” a reference to the older congregation members who, in the mid-1970s, fled an insurgency in a mountainous region of their province to establish a new home and new congregation in Simimbaan. Once a strong congregation with more than 200 in attendance, the Simimbaan Community of Christ congregation now attracts 60–70 on any given Sunday, many of them related to the De Guzman family, former Adventists who were among the 1970s evacuees.
Changes in tolerance and resistance of a plant to insect herbivores under variable water availability

Abstract Water availability is an important factor that influences plant-insect interactions. While the influence of water limitation on plant resistance traits has received much attention, how water availability affects plant tolerance to herbivory is rarely tested. Here we show that lower water availability reduced tolerance capacity of tomato plants as measured by above ground regrowth and flower development after herbivory. In contrast to a reduced ability to tolerate herbivory, lower water availability increased the constitutive and induced levels of two defensive proteins, trypsin protease inhibitor and polyphenol oxidase, indicative of an increased investment on resistance under water limitation. The increase in defense proteins was paralleled with lower performance of a specialist caterpillar, Manduca sexta, and lower consumption of plant tissues. Although the performance of generalist, Helicoverpa zea, was unaffected by water availability, we observed a high mortality of H. zea that suggests strong resistance of tomato against H. zea. The findings revealed an unexpected case where water limitation decreases tolerance but increases resistance of a plant, suggesting a potential tradeoff between these strategies. This plasticity may benefit herbaceous plants by balancing growth and defense under variable water availability.
Unified Approach to Furan Natural Products via Phosphine‐Palladium Catalysis

Polyalkyl furans are widespread in nature, often performing important biological roles. Despite a plethora of methods for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans, the construction of tetraalkyl furans remains non-trivial. The prevalence of alkyl groups in bioactive furan natural products, combined with the desirable bioactivities of tetraalkyl furans, calls for a general synthetic protocol for polyalkyl furans. This paper describes a Michael-Heck approach, using sequential phosphine-palladium catalysis, for the preparation of various polyalkyl furans from readily available precursors. The versatility of this method is illustrated by the total syntheses of nine distinct polyalkylated furan natural products belonging to different classes, namely the furanoterpenes rosefuran, sesquirosefuran, and mikanifuran; the marine natural products plakorsins A, B, and D and plakorsin D methyl ester; and the furan fatty acids 3D5 and hydromumiamicin.
Bank Supervision: A Legal Scholarship Review

Banks always have someone watching over their shoulders, gauging compliance with law, evaluating risk, and correcting behavior. This is bank supervision. We expect a lot from bank supervision. It is supposed to ensure that banks operate in a safe and sound manner, mitigate systemic risk in the larger financial system, promote fair and efficient markets, protect consumers and other bank customers, and maybe more. Legal scholarship scrutinized bank supervision and asks whether legal changes could help supervision more completely reach its goals. Often, however, legal scholarship passes briefly over bank supervision, instead focusing bank regulation (the establishment of the legal rules that banks must operate within). This literature review summarizes existing legal scholarship on banking supervision, examines why supervision is overlooked, and provides possible avenues for future work on supervision.
The Changing Political Dynamics of Georgia: The Stacy Abrams Phenomenon

As a member of the Confederate South during the Civil War, Georgia remained a predominately Democratic state during and after Reconstruction. While Georgia’s Democratic coalition reflected the mood and mindset of the former pro-slave south up until the mid-twentieth century, some progress has been made in the areas of education, property ownership, and civil rights of African Americans especially since 1973, when Governor Jimmy Carter called for an end to segregation in Georgia at his inauguration. Sonny Perdue’s surprising defeat of Governor Roy Barnes in 2000 marked Georgia’s first embrace of the Republican Party since Reconstruction. Although the change occurred at the gubernatorial level, by the next election cycle, Republicans had total control of the state legislature, either by defection from the Democratic coalition or by outright election victory. The Republican take-over was so fast and pervasive that by 2018, no Democrat held any state-wide office in Georgia, despite Georgia’s increasing population of African Americans, Hispanics, and other ethnic minorities. The sudden surge of Democrats in the 2018 mid-term elections in Georgia has come as a surprise to most political observers. While many attribute this to the steady diversification of the state’s population, others credit the robust campaign of the party’s candidate for governor, Stacey Abrams. This three-panel discussion will be devoted to discussing the changing political climate of Georgia, emphasizing whether the just-ended inspiring gubernatorial campaign of Stacey Abrams was a cause or effect of Georgia evolving political coalition.
Videos With the Hashtag #vaping on TikTok and Implications for Informed Decision-making by Adolescents: Descriptive Study.

Background: Despite the public health importance of vaping and the widespread use of TikTok by adolescents and young adults, research is lacking on the nature and scope of vaping content on this networking service. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the content of TikTok videos related to vaping. Methods: By searching the hashtag #vaping in the discover feature, ~478.4 million views were seen during the time of data collection. The first 100 relevant videos under that hashtag were used in this study. Relevance was determined by simply noting if the video was related in any way to vaping. Coding consisted of several categories directly related to vaping and additional categories, including the number of likes, comments, and views, and if the video involved music, humor, or dance. Results: The 100 videos included in the sample garnered 156,331,347 views; 20,335,800 likes; and 296,460 comments. The majority of the videos (n=59) used music and over one-third (n=37) used humor. The only content category observed in the majority of the videos sampled was the promotion of vaping, which was included in 57 videos that garnered over 74 million views (47.5% of cumulative views). A total of 42% (n=42) of the 100 videos sampled featured someone vaping or in the presence of vape pens, and these videos garnered over 22% (>35 million) of the total views. Conclusions: It is necessary for public health agencies to improve understanding of the nature and content of videos that attract viewers’ attention and harness the strength of this communication channel to promote informed decision-making about vaping.
Flexible Screw Design for Bone Implant Application

FLEXIBLE SCREW DESIGN FOR BONE IMPLANT APPLICATION By Seule Kabir, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008 Director: Dr. Muammer Koc Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering Disruption of the scapholunate ligament can result in significant immediate and long-term disability. Of the available current acute and subacute treatment strategies for this disorder, the use of a solid screw to stabilize the scapholunate relationship has been proposed. However, subsequent carpal bone loss is an inherent risk to this technique. The goal of this study was to design a flexible orthopedic screw that can be placed between the scaphoid and lunate to restore more normal biomechanics without the risk of osteolysis. xviii Several ideas were generated during the course of the study to create a moveable section in a bone screw implant. Designs that met the specifications and were promising from the manufacturing point of view were tested using finite element analysis. Some designs were prototyped and one of them was tested using a cadaver wrist. Every design concept revealed some positive and negative features in terms of manufacturing and functionality. It is promising in terms of fulfilling the design requirements, but prototyping the design was very difficult. In conclusion, it can be said that the invented flexible screw techniques are sufficient to hold the scaphoid and lunate together after the scapholunate ligament injury, to restore more normal wrist biomechanics.
Abdominal aneurysm: A report of twenty-four cases

Abstract Twenty-four cases of abdominal aneurysm have been reported. The etiology has been discussed with especial reference to the Wassermann test. A study of the symptomatology and the differential diagnosis has been made with emphasis laid upon the frequency of error. A pulsating mass was found to be the most frequent diagnostic symptom, while bruit and thrill were noted in only five cases. The diagnosis was confirmed in twenty of the cases by postmortem or laparotomy.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of ATrans-Dimethyl Cobalt Complex

Abstract The high yield syntheses of the trans-dimethyl complexes (CH3)2Co(BDM1,3pn) and (CD3)2Co(BDM1,3pn) are reported. (BDM1, 3pn) is a mononegative, quadridentate, dioxime-diimime ligand formed by the condensation of 2,3-butanedionemonoxime and 1,3-propane-diamine in a 2/1 molar ratio.1) The compounds were characterized by infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Their reactivity to several weakly acidic solvents is discussed.
The relationship of rapid serial naming and word reading in normally developing readers: An exploratory model

Even though researchers have established that rapid serial naming (RSN), or the ability to name within a restricted category of visual stimuli quickly, is a significant predictor of word reading, the predictive nature of RSN is not well understood. To investigate the relationship of RSN and other variables thought to contribute to beginning word reading (phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, memory span, processing speed, and articulation), a preliminary/exploratory model of word reading was developed and then tested by path analysis. Results indicated that no variable in the model could fully `explain' RSN; processing speed, but not articulation, contributed to RSN performance. RSN and orthographic knowledge were significantly related, but this relationship was due to the effects of processing speed. In terms of their unique contributions to the variance in word reading, RSN, phonological awareness, and orthographic knowledge were independent of each other. While these results pertain only to normal readers and are preliminary in nature, they may provide a basis for a clear interpretation of similar studies conducted with both normal and dyslexic readers.
Focusing counterparts of electrical field flow fractionation and capillary zone electrophoresis

Abstract Efforts are currently being undertaken to develop electrical hyperlayer field flow fractionation (EHFFF) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) as fully instrumental approaches for the analysis of amphoteric samples, such as peptides and proteins. In these techniques a pH gradient parallel to an applied electric force field is employed for sample discrimination according to differences in isoelectric points. EHFFF is performed in a thin ribbon-like channel containing a mobile phase with the electric field perpendicular to the flow direction, whereas CIEF utilizes a quiescent solution with the electric field parallel to the column axis. The principle of EHFFF, the design of EHFFF instrumentation and first results are discussed together with the differences and similarities between EHFFF and CIEF.