cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Atrial Natriuretic Hormone on Hypertonic Saline-Induced Suppression of the Renin-Aldosterone System

To evaluate the effect of physiologic doses of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) on hypertonic saline-induced renin-aldosterone system suppression, nine healthy subjects were studied three times: 1) on a low-salt (LS) diet with a 2 h placebo infusion; 2) on LS with 2 h infusion of human Ser-Tyr28 ANH (0.6 pmol/kg/min)(LS+ANH); and 3) on a high-salt (HS) diet with a 2 h placebo infusion. On each study day during the second hour of infusion, subjects also received 3% saline (0.1 mL/kg/min) infusion. Data from eight subjects were used for analysis because of a sampling error in one subject. During ANH infusion, plasma ANH levels increased about twofold and reached levels similar to ANH levels on HS. Serum sodium increased by 3-4 mEq/L, and serum osmolality increased by 7-8 mOsm/L during 3% saline infusion on all study days. ANH levels remained stable during 3% saline infusion. During the first hour of ANH infusion, plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased by about 24% and aldosterone levels by about 27%. Hypertonic saline caused further suppression of PRA and aldosterone. The extent of the suppression was similar under each condition, and the levels at the end of hypertonic saline infusion reached about 60% of the levels at the beginning of the saline infusion. We conclude that low-dose ANH infusion does not seem to have any major influence on PRA and aldosterone response to hypertonic saline.
A Neuroscience-Based Nomenclature (NbN) for Psychotropic Agents.

On January 1, 2017, the International Journal of Neuropsy chopharmacology will adopt the Neuroscience-based-Nomenclature (NbN). This will mark the culmination of a process that began in 2008 and involved a working group of members from 5 scientific organizations (the American, Asian, European, and International Colleges of Neuropsychopharmacology, as well as the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology). This group was tasked with building a classification system for psychotropic agents that would meet the requirements of a rational nomenclature. The expectations were that it would: (1) be based on contemporary knowledge, (2) help clinicians make informed decisions when choosing a first or subsequent pharmacological intervention, (3) provide a naming system that does not conflict with the use of medications, and (4) be capable of accommodating new types of compounds. The impetus for this initiative came from the realization that our existing nomenclature has been overtaken by science and clinical reality. In the 1950s when the therapeutic benefits of chlorpromazine and imipramine were discovered in psychosis and depression, respectively, they were subsequently designated as antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. There was no need for a more complex nomenclature at that time. However, this scheme rapidly became obsolete, because it was observed that some of these medications were effective in other brain disorders. For instance, in the 1970s the efficacy of the antidepressant chlorimipramine was extended to obsessions and compulsions. In …
Participation in a mentored quality-improvement program for insulin pen safety: Opportunity to augment internal evaluation and share with peers

Purpose UF Health’s participation in a mentored quality-improvement impact program for health professionals as part of an ASHP initiative—“Strategies for Ensuring the Safe Use of Insulin Pens in the Hospital”—is described. Summary ASHP invited hospitals to participate in its initiative at a time when UF Health was evaluating the risks and benefits of insulin pen use due to external reports of safety concerns and making a commitment to continue insulin pen use and optimize safeguards. Improvement opportunities in insulin pen best practices and staff education on insulin pen preparation and injection technique were identified and implemented. The storage of insulin pens for patients with contact isolation precautions was identified as a problem in certain patient care areas, and a practical solution was devised. Other process improvements included implementation of barcode medication administration, with scanning of insulin pens designated for specific patients to avoid inadvertent and intentional sharing of pens among multiple patients. Mentored calls with teams at other hospitals conducted as part of the program provided the opportunity to share experiences and solutions to improve insulin pen use. Conclusion Participating with a knowledgeable mentor and other hospital teams struggling with the same issues and concerns related to safe insulin pen use facilitated problem solving. Discussing challenges and sharing ideas for solutions to safety concerns with other hospitals identified new process enhancements, which have the potential to improve the safety of insulin pen use at UF Health.
Improving the efficiency of PUF-based key generation in FPGAs using variation-aware placement

Reconfigurable systems often require secret keys to encrypt and decrypt data. Applications requiring high security commonly generate keys based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs), circuits which use random manufacturing variations to produce secret keys that are unique to each device. The security of PUF-based keys comes at a high hardware cost. Due to the need for error correction to extract reliable keys from noisy PUFs, the total cost of an n-bit key far exceeds just the cost of producing n bits of PUF output. In this work, we propose variation-aware intra-FPGA PUF placement to reduce the area cost of PUF-based keys on FPGAs. We show that placing PUF instances according to the random variations of each chip instance reduces the bit error rate of the PUFs and consequently greatly reduces the overall cost of key generation. The proposed variation-aware placement approach is applicable to any PUF-based system implemented in reconfigurable logic. We demonstrate our approach on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 Programmable SoC using FPGA-specific PUFs with code-offset error correction based on BCH codes. We quantify the effectiveness of our approach by comparing the implementation costs of the same system when using the default approach of variation-agnostic placement and our proposed variation-aware placement. It is shown that our approach reduces the area required for PUF and error-correction circuitry by about 50% while achieving equivalent reliability.
Elbow Capitellar Fracture

Various common injuries in the shoulder, humerus, and elbow are investigated in this section. Significant attention is paid not only to proper diagnostic examination and imaging, but also to optimal non-operative and operative treatment options to manage these conditions.
Entropy and econophysics

Entropy is a central concept of statistical mechanics, which is the main branch of physics that underlies econophysics, the application of physics concepts to understand economic phenomena. It enters into econophysics both in an ontological way through the Second Law of Thermodynamics as this drives the world economy from its ecological foundations as solar energy passes through food chains in dissipative process of entropy rising and production fundamentally involving the replacement of lower entropy energy states with higher entropy ones. In contrast the mathematics of entropy as appearing in information theory becomes the basis for modeling financial market dynamics as well as income and wealth distribution dynamics. It also provides the basis for an alternative view of stochastic price equilibria in economics, as well providing a crucial link between econophysics and sociophysics, keeping in mind the essential unity of the various concepts of entropy.
A Case Study of Sustainable Manufacturing Practice: End-of-Life Photovoltaic Recycling

The usage of valuable resources and the potential for waste generation at the end of the life cycle of photovoltaic (PV) technologies necessitate a proactive planning for a PV recycling infrastructure. To ensure the sustainability of PV in large scales of deployment, it is vital to develop and institute low-cost recycling technologies and infrastructure for the emerging PV industry in parallel with the rapid commercialization of these new technologies. There are various issues involved in the economics of PV recycling and this research examine those at macro and micro levels, developing a holistic interpretation of the economic viability of the PV recycling systems. This study will present mathematical models developed to analyze the profitability of recycling technologies and to guide tactical decisions for allocating optimal location of PV take-back centers (PVTBC), necessary for the collection of end of life products. The economic decision is usually based on the level of the marginal capital cost of each PVTBC, cost of reverse logistics, distance traveled, and the amount of PV waste collected from various locations. Results illustrated that the reverse logistics costs comprise a major portion of the cost of PVTBC; PV recycling centers can be constructed in the optimally selected locations to minimize the total reverse logistics cost for transporting the PV wastes from various collection facilities to the recycling center. In the micro- process level, automated recycling processes should be developed to handle the large amount of growing PV wastes economically. The market price of the reclaimed materials are important factors for deciding the profitability of the recycling process and this illustrates the importance of the recovering the glass and expensive metals from PV modules.
GdPtPb: A noncollinear antiferromagnet with distorted kagome lattice

In the spirit of searching for Gd-based, frustrated, rare earth magnets, we have found antiferomagnetism (AF) in GdPtPb which crystallizes in the ZrNiAl-type structure that has a distorted Kagome lattice of Gd-triangles. Single crystals were grown and investigated using structural, magnetic, transport and thermodynamic measurements. GdPtPb orders antiferromagnetically at 15.5 K arguably with a planar, non-collinear structure. The high temperature magnetic susceptibility data reveal an "anti-frustration" behavior having a frustration parameter, $|f|$ = $|\Theta|$/ $T_N$ = 0.25, which can be explained by mean field theory (MFT) within a two sub-lattice model. Study of the magnetic phase diagram down to $T$ = 1.8 K reveals a change of magnetic structure through a metamagnetic transition at around 20 kOe and the disappearance of the AF ordering near 140 kOe. In total, our work indicates that, GdPtPb can serve as an example of a planar, non collinear, AF with a distorted Kagome magnetic sub-lattice.
An alkaline electro-activated Fe–Ni phosphide nanoparticle-stack array for high-performance oxygen evolution under alkaline and neutral conditions

Herein we converted Fe–Ni hydroxide nanosheets into an Fe–Ni phosphide nanoparticle-stack array on Ni foam by low-temperature phosphorization treatment for promoting the specific surface area of Fe–Ni phosphide and further improving its oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities. The alkaline electro-activated Fe–Ni–P nanoparticle-stack array exhibits exceptional OER activities in both alkaline and neutral media.
Dynamic Compressor System for Pectus Carinatum Repair

Pectus carinatum (PC) is a common pediatric condition characterized by an abnormal overgrowth of the costal cartilages, which results in protrusion of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilages. It is more frequent in males than in females (4:1 ratio) and may be classified into typical (90 %) or atypical (10 %) forms. Typical PC can be symmetric or asymmetric whereas atypical forms might be associated to Currarino-Silverman, combined pectus carinatum/excavatum, and Poland, Marfan or Von Recklinghausen syndromes, among other connective tissue disorders.
Primate Sociality to Human Cooperation

Developmental psychologists identify propensities for social engagement in human infants that are less evident in other apes; Sarah Hrdy links these social propensities to novel features of human childrearing. Unlike other ape mothers, humans can bear a new baby before the previous child is independent because they have help. This help alters maternal trade-offs and so imposes new selection pressures on infants and young children to actively engage their caretakers’ attention and commitment. Such distinctive childrearing is part of our grandmothering life history. While consequences for other cooperative activities must surely follow, the novel rearing environments set up by helpful grandmothering can explain why natural selection escalated preferences and motivations for interactivity in our lineage in the first place, and why, unlike other aspects of infant development, social sensitivities are not delayed in humans compared with genus Pan.
Economic-State Variation in the Post-1997 Relation between Equity Risk and T-bond Returns

We present new evidence on how long-term Treasury values are linked to movements in equity risk and risk aversion over 1997-2013. Intertemporally, we find that long-horizon T-bond returns have a negative partial relation to the lagged equity risk. Contemporaneously, using two different empirical state-contingent approaches, we find a much stronger positive partial relation between T-bond returns and equity-risk innovations over: (1) periods when the equity variance risk premium is relatively high, and (2) recessionary/post-recessionary economic states. Throughout our empirical work, we find it is important to control for movements in T-bond risk to establish better the partial equity-risk relations. Consistent with key implications from recent theory, our findings suggest that long-term Treasuries tended to serve in a hedge role against equity risk or macroeconomic risk over our sample period, with such hedge-related pricing influences being especially pronounced when risk aversion was elevated.
Problems in the Pathologic Study of the Placenta

Pathologic examination of the placenta has been neglected for a long time, perhaps largely because the correlation of observed lesions with indications of functional impairment has been poor. One reason is incomplete knowledge of normal architecture, and another difficulty is the selection of those placentas which should be examined with some expectation of significant findings, among the overwhelming numbers of mostly normal ones (1). It has been relatively easy to find pathologic evidence of premature separation, infection, malformations associated with oligohydramnios, or peculiarities of twin pregnancy (2). However, the most important function of the placenta is concerned with the exchange between mother and fetus, and this is where the knowledge of normal and pathologic morphology is greatly deficient.
Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models: Concepts and methods from basic probability and statistics

Simple methods from introductory statistics have three important roles in regression and multilevel modeling. First, simple probability distributions are the building blocks for elaborate models. Second, multilevel models are generalizations of classical complete-pooling and no-pooling estimates, and so it is important to understand where these classical estimates come from. Third, it is often useful in practice to construct quick confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for small parts of a problem—before fitting an elaborate model, or in understanding the output from such a model. This chapter provides a quick review of some of these methods. Probability distributions A probability distribution corresponds to an urn with a potentially infinite number of balls inside. When a ball is drawn at random, the “random variable” is what is written on this ball. Areas of application of probability distributions include: Distributions of data (for example, heights of men, heights of women, heights of adults), for which we use the notation y i , i = 1, …, n . Distributions of parameter values, for which we use the notation θ j , j = 1, …, J , or other Greek letters such as α, β, γ. We shall see many of these with the multilevel models in Part 2 of the book. For now, consider a regression model (for example, predicting students' grades from pre-test scores) fit separately in each of several schools. The coefficients of the separate regressions can be modeled as following a distribution, which can be estimated from data. […]
A global satellite survey of density plumes at river mouths and at other environments: Plume configurations, external controls, and implications for deep-water sedimentation

Abstract The U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has archived thousands of satellite images of density plumes in its online publishing outlet called ‘Earth Observatory’ since 1999. Although these images are in the public domain, there has not been any systematic compilation of configurations of density plumes associated with various sedimentary environments and processes. This article, based on 45 case studies covering 21 major rivers (e.g., Amazon, Betsiboka, Congo [Zaire], Copper, Hugli [Ganges], Mackenzie, Mississippi, Niger, Nile, Rhone, Rio de la Plata, Yellow, Yangtze, Zambezi, etc.) and six different depositional environments (i.e., marine, lacustrine, estuarine, lagoon, bay, and reef), is the first attempt in illustrating natural variability of configurations of density plumes in modern environments. There are, at least, 24 configurations of density plumes. An important finding of this study is that density plumes are controlled by a plethora of 18 oceanographic, meteorological, and other external factors. Examples are: 1) Yellow River in China by tidal shear front and by a change in river course; 2) Yangtze River in China by shelf currents and vertical mixing by tides in winter months; 3) Rio de la Plata Estuary in Argentina and Uruguay by Ocean currents; 4) San Francisco Bay in California by tidal currents; 5) Gulf of Manner in the Indian Ocean by monsoonal currents; 6) Egypt in Red Sea by Eolian dust; 7) U.S. Atlantic margin by cyclones; 8) Sri Lanka by tsunamis; 9) Copper River in Alaska by high-gradient braid delta; 10) Lake Erie by seiche; 11) continental margin off Namibia by upwelling; 12) Bering Sea by phytoplankton; 13) the Great Bahama Bank in the Atlantic Ocean by fish activity; 14) Indonesia by volcanic activity; 15) Greenland by glacial melt; 16) South Pacific Ocean by coral reef; 17) Carolina continental Rise by pockmarks; and 18) Otsuchi Bay in Japan by internal bore. The prevailing trend in promoting a single type of river-flood triggered hyperpycnal flow is flawed because there are 16 types of hyperpycnal flows. River-flood derived hyperpycnal flows are muddy in texture and they occur close to the shoreline in inner shelf environments. Hyperpycnal flows are not viable transport mechanisms of sand and gravel across the shelf into the deep sea. The available field observations suggest that they do not form meter-thick sand layers in deep water settings. For the above reasons, river-flood triggered hyperpycnites are considered unsuitable for serving as petroleum reservoirs in deep-water environments until proven otherwise.
The Carotenoids of Barley and Malt

(1962). The Carotenoids of Barley and Malt. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 20, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1962, pp. 137-139.
Clostridium difficile colitis in the setting of subacute thyroiditis: the chicken or the egg.

Subacutethyroiditis is a self-limited inflammatory condition commonly of viral aetiology, that manifests through phases of thyroid hormone changes over a 6–8 month period. A 24-year-old active duty military man, undergoing treatment for recurrent Clostridiumdifficile infection, presented for clinical evaluation and was found to have a thyroid stimulating hormone level of 0.003 mg/dL. Further labs revealed a normal T4, elevated T3 at 5.0 pg/mL and elevated C reactive protein at 3.69 mg/L. The patient was followed with monthly labs and the abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine levels resolved after the completion of his C. difficile treatment. While subacute thyroiditis has historically been due to viral causes, rarely do we see this condition associated with an intestinal bacterial source.
Short tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for staging and screening in myxoid liposarcoma.

Abstract Purpose Myxoid liposarcoma has a propensity to metastasize to bone. MRI is the preferred modality for detecting bone disease. We evaluated multiple MRI sequences to determine an optimal screening method. Methods Whole body MRI was performed on all patients. The number and locations of metastases found by imaging and round cell component of the sites sampled were evaluated. Results We found a total of 68 osseous lesions. Whole body MRI utilizing STIR only sequences decreased imaging time by 83.6% and demonstrated the lesions the best. Conclusions STIR sequences can be exclusively used during staging and screening of myxoid liposarcoma.
Emerging market multinationals reshaping the business landscape

A number of indicators point to the astonishing rise of emerging market multinationals (eMNCs) in the world economy. In the past, eMNCs have competed as low-cost alternatives to their G-7 counterpa...
Atomic Layer Deposition Nucleation on Isolated Self-Assembled Monolayer Functional Groups: A Combined DFT and Experimental Study

We computationally design and experimentally corroborate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metal oxides with tailorable nucleation on selected self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) decorated with ter...
Dual Criteria Determination of the Number of Clusters in Data

We present a method for determining the number of clusters existent in a data set involving a bi-criteria optimization that makes use of the entropy and the cohesion of a partition. The results are promising and may be applicable in dealing with clusterings of imbalanced data.
Abstract 3837: JQ1 induces cell death and disrupts BET protein binding to the MYC locus in cholangiocarcinoma cells

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive bile duct neoplasm which is typically not diagnosed until late stage. The current standard of care, resection followed by gemcitabine with or without cisplatin, is relatively ineffective. Additionally, most patients are ineligible for surgical resection, and postoperative chemotherapy rarely prolongs overall survival. No previously identified mutations (KRAS, SMAD4 and p53) have been shown to drive disease progression. We and others have shown that the proto-oncogene c-Myc is expressed at relatively high levels in CCA cells compared to uninvolved normal tissue, suggesting this oncogene as a prospective therapeutic target in CCA. To evaluate whether c-Myc inhibition affected the proliferation of CCA cells, we evaluated the efficacy of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 on c-Myc expression and cell proliferation of CCA cells. JQ1 functions as an acetyl lysine (K-Ac) mimetic which binds to the K-Ac binding pocket of BET protein family members (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT). This binding competitively inhibits the association of BET proteins with K-Ac residues of nuclear proteins and inhibits c-Myc expression. Using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of CCA, we showed previously that JQ1 downregulated c-Myc expression and inhibited tumor growth. Therefore, we hypothesized that JQ1 induces CCA cell death through disruption of BET protein binding to the promoter region of the MYC locus, inducing its downregulation. Our data show that JQ1 decreased c-Myc RNA and protein expression as well as the expression c-Myc transcriptional targets CHK1 and BRCA2. JQ1 also decreased CCA cell viability, clonogenic potential and induced apoptosis of KKU-055 CCA cells in vitro. The likely mechanism of JQ1-mediated c-Myc reduction has been postulated to involve competitive inhibition of the K-Ac binding function of the BET protein BRD4. Our current chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicate that BRD2 binds to the MYC transcriptional start sites (TSS) P1 and P2, while BRD4 primarily binds MYC TSS P1 in KKU-055 cells. JQ1 precludes these BET proteins from binding their respective sites. When exposed to the IC50 of JQ1, ChIP pulldown with an anti-BRD2 antibody displays a near 100% reduction in binding of BRD2 to the MYC TSS while an anti-BRD4 antibody displays a 70% reduction in binding. In addition, stable BRD2 knockdown models of KKU-055 display reduced c-Myc protein expression by 60 to 80%, while BRD4 knockdown models showed no such reduction. The data demonstrate that in addition to BRD4, BRD2 contributes to regulation of expression of c-Myc in CCA cells. Research funded by NIH/NCI R21 CA205501 Citation Format: Samuel C. Fehling, Aubrey L. Miller, Karina J. Yoon. JQ1 induces cell death and disrupts BET protein binding to the MYC locus in cholangiocarcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3837.
Energy Efficient Power Management Modes for Smartphone Battery Life Conservation

Smartphone usage has dramatically increased over the past 10 years. This is due in part to the increased functionality of the portable device. Smartphone users depend on the instant access to limitless information made available by using this portable device. The downside to this growing trend is the smartphone’s limitation of battery power. To address this growing concern, designers implement smartphone power management techniques which can be hardware-based or software-based optimizations. We have chosen software level optimizations because these techniques are more robust. This paper introduces a novel customizable power management scheme that prioritizes smartphone application access based on the users’ usage profile to conserve battery life. The results are more than promising because the user’s power savings increase as the amount of time the smartphone operates in the customized power management mode increases.
Online Appendix: Persuading the Principal to Wait

A principal decides when to exercise a real option. A biased agent influences this decision by strategically disclosing information. Committing to disclose all information with delay is the optimal way to persuade the principal to wait. Without dynamic commitment, this promise is credible only if the agent’s bias is small; otherwise, he pipets information, probabilistically delaying the principal’s action. When the agent is biased towards early exercise, his lack of commitment to remain quiet leads to immediate disclosure, hurting him. Our model applies to pharmaceutical companies conducting clinical trials to influence the FDA or equipment manufacturers testing their products.
Characterization of heteromeric complexes between chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 and α1-adrenergic receptors utilizing intermolecular bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays.

Abstract Recently, we reported that chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) heteromerizes with α1-adrenergic receptors (AR) on the cell surface of vascular smooth muscle cells, through which the receptors cross-talk. Direct biophysical evidence for CXCR4:α1-AR heteromers, however, is lacking. Here we utilized bimolecular luminescence/fluorescence complementation (BiLC/BiFC) combined with intermolecular bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays in HEK293T cells to evaluate CXCR4:α1a/b/d-AR heteromerization. Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1R) were utilized as controls. BRET between CXCR4-RLuc (Renilla reniformis) and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP)-tagged ACKR3 or α1a/b/d-ARs fulfilled criteria for constitutive heteromerization. BRET between CXCR4-RLuc and EYFP or mGlu1R-EYFP were nonspecific. BRET50 for CXCR4:ACKR3 and CXCR4:α1a/b/d-AR heteromers were comparable. Stimulation of cells with phenylephrine increased BRETmax of CXCR4:α1a/b/d-AR heteromers without affecting BRET50; stimulation with CXCL12 reduced BRETmax of CXCR4:α1a-AR heteromers, but did not affect BRET50 or BRETmax/50 for CXCR4:α1b/d-AR. A peptide analogue of transmembrane domain (TM) 2 of CXCR4 reduced BRETmax of CXCR4:α1a/b/d-AR heteromers and increased BRET50 of CXCR4:α1a/b-AR interactions. A TM4 analogue of CXCR4 did not alter BRET. We observed CXCR4, α1a-AR and mGlu1R homodimerization by BiFC/BiLC, and heteromerization of homodimeric CXCR4 with proto- and homodimeric α1a-AR by BiFC/BiLC BRET. BiFC/BiLC BRET for interactions between homodimeric CXCR4 and homodimeric mGlu1R was nonspecific. Our findings suggest that the heteromerization affinity of CXCR4 for ACKR3 and α1-ARs is comparable, provide evidence for conformational changes of the receptor complexes upon agonist binding and support the concept that proto- and oligomeric CXCR4 and α1-ARs constitutively form higher-order hetero-oligomeric receptor clusters.
GHz-Fast Multiplexed OAM Generation and Detection

Here we propose an adaptive and intelligent scheme of multiplexed Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)-based GHz-fast and robust transmissions of a noisy channel and demonstrate its functionality propagating two OAM beams using a slosh water tank.
Continuous real-time sensing with a nitrogen-vacancy center via coherent population trapping

We propose and theoretically analyze the use of coherent population trapping of a single diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center for continuous real-time sensing. The formation of the dark state in coherent population trapping prevents optical emissions from the NV center. Fluctuating magnetic fields, however, can kick the NV center out of the dark state, leading to a sequence of single-photon emissions. A time series of the photon counts detected can be used for magnetic field estimations, even when the average photon count per update time interval is much smaller than 1. For a theoretical demonstration, the nuclear spin bath in a diamond lattice is used as a model fluctuating magnetic environment. For fluctuations with known statistical properties, such as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, Bayesian inference-based estimators can lead to an estimation variance that approaches the classical Cramer-Rao lower bound and can update dynamical information in real time with the detection of just a single photon. Real-time sensing using coherent population trapping adds a powerful tool to the emerging technology of quantum sensing.
Salmonella in dairy calves

Modern calf-raising facilities are not designed for effective cleaning and disinfection. Common issues are lack of a sanitary design, absence of wash bays, improper floor drainage, plus open side curtains and peaks, which negates the use of thermal fogging, which is the only effective method available to decontaminate buildings. Doorway entry and exit points use outdated technology (foot baths) to control infectious agents, and there is a general unawareness by calf raisers and veterinarians of the dangers posed by a relatively small number of Salmonella serotypes such as Salmonella Heidelberg. The dangerous serotypes of Salmonella spp can quickly circumvent current best practices for raising dairy calves and lead to high morbidity and mortality disease outbreaks.
Putting the Reign Back in Sovereign

In its first term, the Obama administration enacted two pieces of legislation, each designed to protect an increasingly vulnerable income tax base, and each of which had the potential to set a new and unprecedented course for no less than the regulation of the global economy by the nation-state. The first, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), sought to end global tax evasion through tax havens. The second, a little-noticed two-page addendum to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank), sought to end the contribution of American multinationals to corruption in governance by codifying the transparency principles of the global Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Both of these reforms reasserted a role for the nation state in regulating people and resources. But neither has yet to fulfill its potential. First, each has raised difficult questions about what the state can and cannot do to enforce disclosure and compliance on a global basis; failing to answer these questions is impeding implementation and aggravating an already-flagging taxpayer morale. Second, neither is broad enough: FATCA should be truly reciprocal and EITI should expand beyond the extractive industries. By acknowledging and responding in a principled way to the obstacles that limit their effectiveness, a second Obama administration could take significant steps to bring each piece of legislation to its potential, while ensuring that its scope focuses on its intended target in each case. This article outlines how these proposals could be accomplished and makes the case that they should be attempted.
UNDERGROUND COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE FOR ELECTRIC UTILITIES

ABSTRACT Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a concept for electric utility application which stores energy generated during periods of low demand and releases that energy during peak demand periods. Air is compressed during low demand periods by motor-driven compressors and stored in large underground reservoirs. When power is required, the air is heated by burning fuel in combustion chambers, and expanded in turbines to drive electric generators. CAES technology appears to be one of the most attractive near-term energy storage options for utilities. This is reflected in the currently operating CAES plant in West Germany and the present American CAES technology and demonstration programs.
Measuring Innovation Using Business Intelligence Dashboards

The objective of this research is to identify the factors that are the drivers of innovation and to propose a means of measuring firm-specific innovation within a nation. Innovation leads to competitive advantages, as well as maximizing profits for a firm, so it is imperative that the firms have tools that measure how innovative they are compared to other firms within the same industry. The emergence of Business Intelligence dashboards provides such capabilities to firms and allows firms to track their innovative capability. Such innovative capability tracking is advanced by a proposed Innovation Score. Innovation is measured by factors such as the size of firm, market power, motivation to innovate, availability of resources, as well as decentralization. The role Business Intelligence plays towards tracking innovation by means of gathering and analyzing appropriate data efficiently is central to our paper.
Mapping the feminist imagination: from redistribution to recognition to representation

For many years, feminists throughout the world looked to the United States for the most advanced theory and practice. Today, however, US feminism finds itself at an impasse, stymied by the hostile, post-9/11 political climate. Unsure how to pursue gender justice under current condition’s, we are now returning the favor, by looking to feminists elsewhere for inspiration and guidance. Today, accordingly, the cutting edge of gender struggle has shifted away from the United States, to transnational spaces, such as „Europe“, where the room for maneuver is greater. The consequence is a major shift in the geography of feminist energies.
Characterization of mechanochemically active polymers using combined photoelasticity and fluorescence measurements

Force-sensitive molecules, called mechanophores, exhibit a chemical response to mechanical force and can be incorporated into the polymer chains. Mechanically stressing these polymers in turn can activate the mechanophore, producing an advantageous chemical response. We have previously demonstrated activation of a mechanophore called spiropyran, which undergoes a force-induced, 6-p electrocyclic ring-opening reaction accompanied by a color change, in linear polymers in solution via sonication and in bulk solids via tension and compression. Reliable, fully characterized transfer of macroscopic stress on a bulk solid polymer to the mechanophore remains a topic of active research. The premise for mechanical activation in linear polymers is that aligned polymer chains can better transfer mechanical energy to the mechanophore than a randomly oriented chain. We have combined photoelasticity and fluorescence measurements for the same field of view during uniaxial tension experiments of two bulk linear solid spiropyran-linked polymers, elastomeric poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), in order to quantify the influence of polymer chain orientation, determined from optical birefringence, on mechanophore activation evident by color change. These experiments elucidate the critical molecular orientation and macroscopic stress level required to activate the mechanophores, which are critical for the design of systems incorporating mechanochemically active polymers.
125 GeV Higgs from tree-level A-terms

We present a new mechanism to generate large A-terms at tree-level in the MSSM through the use of superpotential operators. The mechanism trivially resolves the A/m 2 problem which plagues models with conventional, loop-induced A-terms. We study both MFV and non-MFV models; in the former, naturalness motivates us to construct a UV completion using Seiberg duality. Finally, we study the phenomenology of these models when they are coupled to minimal gauge mediation. We find that after imposing the Higgs mass constraint, they are largely out of reach of LHC Run I, but they will be probed at Run II. Their fine tuning is basically the minimum possible in the MSSM.
Network Analysis of the Gulf of Mexico Commercial Red Snapper Fishery IFQ Program

This research examines quota trading in the Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper IFQ Program using network analysis techniques. The analysis includes examination of trading network structure,market segmentation and its effects on market efficiency,and how IFQ management has changed participation in the fishery.
Price Controls, Non-Price Quality Competition, and the Nonexistence of Competitive Equilibrium

We investigate how price ceilings and floors affect outcomes in continuous time, double auction markets with discrete goods and multiple qualities. When price controls exist, the existence of competitive equilibria is no longer guaranteed; hence, we investigate the nature of non-price competition and how markets might evolve in its presence. We develop a quality competition model based on matching theory. Equilibria of the quality competition model always exist in such price-constrained markets; moreover, they naturally correspond to competitive equilibria when competitive equilibria exist. Additionally, we characterize the set of equilibria of the quality competition model in the presence of price restrictions. In a series of experiments, we find that market outcomes closely conform to the predictions of the model. In particular, price controls induce non-price competition between agents both in theory and in the experimental environment; market behaviors result in allocations close to the predictions of the model.
Enantioselective dirhodium(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanations with trimethylsilylethyl and trichloroethyl aryldiazoacetates

Abstract Highly functionalized cyclopropanecarboxylates were readily prepared by rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenes with aryldiazoacetates and styryldiazoaceates, in which the ester functionality is either trimethylsilylethyl (TMSE) or trichloroethyl (TCE). By having labile protecting groups on the ester, chiral triarylcyclopropane carboxylate ligands were conveniently prepared. The asymmetric induction during cyclopropanation is dependent on the nature of the ester group and the chiral dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst. The prolinate catalyst Rh2(S-DOSP)4 was the optimum catalyst for asymmetric intermolecular cyclopropanation of TMSE diazoesters with styrene, while Rh2(R-BPCP)4 was the optimum catalyst for TCE diazoesters.
Same-Sex Marriage: Our Final Answer

In the 1988 edition of his treatise on The Law of Domestic Relations, Homer Clark wrote that marriage “is being transformed from a clearly defined relationship” to one whose “incidents are either uncertain or left largely to the control of the parties.” Clark’s “incidents” were a large and eclectic lot. They included basic elements of marriage (that it is, or until recently was, the principle of sexual morality), along with secondary attributes and legal effects (such as the property relations of spouses and ex-spouses).’ Clark opined that the uncertainty and privatization of marriage emerged suddenly, and “without, so far as it appears, any general consideration by either courts or legislatures of the total effect which the judicial decisions will have on the institution of marriage. ‘ He wrote ten years, by his count, after a time when “it would have been inconceivable to deal seriously with the question of the validity” of same-sex “marriage.”
The impacts of elicitation mechanism and reward size on estimated rates of time preference

Abstract We run experiments with real monetary rewards ranging from $10 to $500 to estimate rates of time preference and test for hyperbolic discounting. Individuals become more patient with increasing reward sizes, which is consistent with a magnitude effect. This magnitude effect is robust across specifications including a nonparametric analysis and structural maximum likelihood estimation. Subjects are divided between two different elicitation mechanisms (one a matching task and one a choice task) that should both theoretically provide an incentive for participants to reveal their true time preferences. We find some evidence of differences between the rates from the matching and choice tasks but these differences disappear when appropriately modeling the behavioral noise. We uncover little to no evidence of present-biased time preferences.
Tritium Production by Fast Neutrons on Oxygen: An Integral Experiment

This report describes an integral experiment of tritium production in water by neutrons from the LANSCE/WNR spallation neutron source. Neutron energies covered the range from 1 MeV to about 300 MeV. The neutron fluence was determined with a 238U fission chamber. After irradiation, the water samples were analyzed for tritium. The results are compared with calculations and agreement is found to within a factor of 2.
A Multi-Speed Compressible Lattice-Boltzmann Model

An extension of the lattice Boltzmann BGK method to compressible flows is presented that combines three novel additions: (1) particles move density and energy weights in multiple velocity bins (11 for 1-D flow) to nearby cell centers. (2) the equilibrium distribution remains an unexpanded Maxwellian; and (3) transport and relaxation to equilibrium are performed implicitly at each node. These advances allow for the parallel modeling of high Mach number shocks and high Reynolds number flows, while avoiding advective numerical diffusion, the need for Riemann solvers, and non-linear limiters. A 1D shock tube application is shown. Generalization to higher dimensions and multi-materials are discussed.
Fast and evasive attacks: highlighting the challenges ahead

Passive network monitors, known as telescopes or darknets, have been invaluable in detecting and characterizing malware outbreaks. However, as the use of such monitors becomes commonplace, it is likely that malware will evolve to actively detect and evade them. This paper highlights the threat of simple, yet effective, evasive attacks that undermine the usefulness of passive monitors. Our results raise an alarm to the research and operational communities to take proactive countermeasures before we are forced to defend against similar attacks appearing in the wild. Specifically, we show how lightweight, coordinated sampling of the IP address space can be used to successfully detect and evade passive network monitors. Equally troubling is the fact that in doing so attackers can locate the “live” IP space clusters and divert malware scanning solely toward active networks. We show that evasive attacks exploiting this knowledge are also extremely fast, overtaking the entire vulnerable population within seconds.
Generating Finite-State Abstractions of Reactive Systems Using Decision Procedures

We present an algorithm that uses decision procedures to generate finite-state abstractions of possibly infinite-state systems. The algorithm compositionally abstracts the transitions of the system, relative to a given, fixed set of assertions. Thus, the number of validity checks is proportional to the size of the system description, rather than the size of the abstract state-space. The generated abstractions are weakly preserving for ∀CTL temporal properties. We describe several applications of the algorithm, implemented using the decision procedures of the Stanford Temporal Prover (STeP).
Air Pollution Risk

This article reviews the literature on health effects of air pollution, with a primary focus on time series studies but also covers prospective studies and case-crossover designs. It also covers some of the controversies created by these studies and concludes with a brief review of air pollution standards in the United States. Keywords: Bayesian random effects; case–control studies; generalized additive models; generalized linear models; morbidity; mortality; ozone; particulate matter; prospective studies; time series; TLNISE
An Economic Analysis of the Droit de Suite

The droit de suite, or resale royalty right, entitles an artist to a percentage of either the price received when her works are resold by their owners. This paper analyzes the effect of this law on the artist's production when early and late works are either substitutes or complements. By giving the artist an interest in the resale price of early works, the royalty provides a credible incentive to maintain value when later production decisions are made. Since the initial sales price capitalizes the stream of future values, the benefit of higher resale prices accrues to the artist.
Ice Sheet Loads on Marina Piles

Two marina piles were instrumented with steel sleeves. The steel sleeves were fixed rigidly to the top of the piles. The bottoms of the sleeves were free to freeze into the ice sheet. Two transducers were placed on each sleeve above the water level to measure the tension and compression forces imposed on the pile by the ice sheet. The testing took place during two winters at Ontonagon, Mich. It was found that the fluctuating water level in the lake can produce large cycling loads and that the vertical loading rate that an ice sheet imposes on a marina pile can be significant.
Convergence Hypotheses are Ill-Posed:Non-stationarity of Cross-Country Income Distribution D

The recent literature on A¢â‚¬A“convergenceA¢â‚¬? of cross-country per capita incomes has been dominated by two competing hypotheses: A¢â‚¬A“global convergenceA¢â‚¬? and A¢â‚¬A“club-convergenceA¢â‚¬?. This debate has recently relied on the study of limiting distributions of estimated income distribution dynamics. Utilizing new measures of A¢â‚¬A“stochastic stabilityA¢â‚¬?, we establish two stylized facts that question the fruitfulness of the literatureA¢â‚¬â„¢s focus on asymptotic income distributions. The first stylized fact is non-stationarity of transition dynamics, in the sense of changing transition kernels, which renders all A¢â‚¬A“convergenceA¢â‚¬? hypotheses that make long-term predictions on income distribution, based on relatively short time series, less meaningful. The second stylized fact is the periodic emergence, disappearance, and re-emergence of a A¢â‚¬A“stochastically stableA¢â‚¬? middle-income group. We show that the probability of escaping a low-income poverty-trap depends on the existence of such a stable middle income group. While this does not answer the perennial questions about long-term effects of globalization on the cross-country income distribution, it does shed some light on the types of environments that are conducive to narrowing/