cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of the neurocognitive sequelae of treatment for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Background Impaired neurocognitive functioning is one increasingly recognized long-term consequence of childhood ALL treatment. However, research findings have been inconsistent regarding the domains affected and the degree to which they are compromised. Procedure A comprehensive meta-analytic review of the long-term neurocognitive effects of childhood ALL was conducted. Studies were included if they were published in English, reported original quantitative data on the post-treatment neurocognitive functioning of childhood ALL patients in first remission and control groups, and used neurocognitive measures with adequate psychometric properties and published normative data. Results Data from 28 empirical studies yielding 13 effect sizes across nine domains were extracted and analyzed. All effects were negative (g = −0.34 to −0.71), demonstrating that ALL survivors consistently experienced significant deficits in intellectual functioning, academic achievement, and specific neurocognitive abilities compared to control groups. The role of potential moderators, including treatment with cranial irradiation, age at time of diagnosis, and time since treatment ended, was examined. However, no effects emerged as clearly and consistently moderated by these variables. Conclusions The results from this meta-analysis suggest that declines in both global and specific areas of areas of neurocognitive functioning occur as a result of contemporary ALL treatment. Such deficits have significant implications for survivors' academic achievement and overall quality of life. Neurocognitive assessment plays a critical role in determining what remedial or specialized instruction is needed in childhood ALL survivors and should be included as a standard part of long-term follow-up care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:65–73. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ertapenem: a new opportunity for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy

Ertapenem is a parenteral carbapenem antimicrobial with pharmacological properties that allow it to be given once daily. This makes it a consideration for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). In comparison with information from the OPAT Outcomes Registry, ertapenem seems well suited for the types of infections and bacteria that are commonly treated with OPAT, plus it has additional activity against anaerobic bacteria. This added spectrum makes it possible to treat complicated skin/skin-structure, compli- cated intra-abdominal and pelvic infections with a single antibiotic instead of the multiple agents that have usually been required. Ertapenem is also comparable to other OPAT antimicrobials in terms of adverse effects and clinical outcomes. This antimicrobial can be given with any delivery model, although its stability when mixed is such that daily preparation or self-mixing systems need to be considered. Ertapenem should be added to the growing list of once-daily parenteral antibiotics that can be given to outpatients.
Availability of Youth Services in U.S. Mental Health Treatment Facilities.

Despite concern about access to mental health (MH) services for youth, little is known about the specialty treatment infrastructure serving this population. We used national data to examine which types of MH treatment facilities (hospital- and community-based) were most likely to offer youth services and which types of communities were most likely to have this infrastructure. Larger (p < 0.001) and privately owned (p < 0.001) facilities were more likely to offer youth services. Rural counties, counties in which a majority of residents were nonwhite, and/or counties with a higher percentage of uninsured residents were less likely to have a community-based MH treatment facility that served youth (p < 0.001).
Phase Locked Loop for unbalanced utility conditions

A Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) to deal with unbalanced utility conditions is introduced in this paper. The classical 3-phase PLL structure [1], [2] is studied first to gain a better understanding of the effect of the unbalance on the PLL [3]-[8]. Then, enhancements are proposed to improve the ability of the PLL to deal with unbalance. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented.
Post-collection molting rates of planktonic, marine copepods: Measurement, applications, problems

This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grants to Oregon State University (OCE-78-25762 and OCE-82-01899).
An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation for the numerical simulation of flow patterns generated by the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria

A new geometrically conservative arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation is presented for the moving boundary problems in the swirl-free cylindrical coordinates. The governing equations are multiplied with the radial distance and integrated over arbitrary moving Lagrangian-Eulerian quadrilateral elements. Therefore, the continuity and the geometric conservation equations take very simple form similar to those of the Cartesian coordinates. The continuity equation is satisfied exactly within each element and a special attention is given to satisfy the geometric conservation law (GCL) at the discrete level. The equation of motion of a deforming body is solved in addition to the Navier-Stokes equations in a fully-coupled form. The mesh deformation is achieved by solving the linear elasticity equation at each time level while avoiding remeshing in order to enhance numerical robustness. The resulting algebraic linear systems are solved using an ILU(k) preconditioned GMRES method provided by the PETSc library. The present ALE method is validated for the steady and oscillatory flow around a sphere in a cylindrical tube and applied to the investigation of the flow patterns around a free-swimming hydromedusa Aequorea victoria (crystal jellyfish). The calculations for the hydromedusa indicate the shed of the opposite signed vortex rings very close to each other and the formation of large induced velocities along the line of interaction while the ring vortices moving away from the hydromedusa. In addition, the propulsion efficiency of the free-swimming hydromedusa is computed and its value is compared with values from the literature for several other species.
An Examination of Procedural and Object‐oriented Systems Analysis Methods: Does Prior Experience Help or Hinder Performance?*

Interest in object-oriented analysis (OOA) and object-oriented design (OOD) has expanded rapidly over the last several years. Proponents of OOA and OOD have called the shift to these methods “revolutionary” and have cited a number of impressive claims with respect to their use. However, empirical research investigating these claims remains in its infancy. Moreover, an examination of the literature reveals inconclusive and often conflicting results for OOA and OOD methods relative to traditional data and/or procedural techniques. This paper presents the results of an empirical study that examined both experienced and novice systems analysts using both procedural and object-oriented techniques. This research examined whether experience in using procedural methods helped or hindered performance using OOA and compared procedural and OOA methods on the subjective mental workload induced. A human problem-solving model adopted from Newell and Simon (1972) provided the theoretical framework for this study. Dependent variables include subjective mental workload, solution quality, time to perform task, and attitudinal measures. Although some of these dependent variables have been used in past research, we believe this is the first time that subjective mental workload (SMW) has been examined in an IS context. Our results indicate that both novice and experienced subjects demonstrate higher SMW when using OOA. In addition, as a group, novices prefer object-oriented techniques and find these techniques easier as compared to experienced subjects.
Phylogenetic Overdispersion in Floridian Oak Communities

Closely related species that occur together in commu- nities and experience similar environmental conditions are likely to share phenotypic traits because of the process of environmental fil- tering. At the same time, species that are too similar are unlikely to co-occur because of competitive exclusion. In an effort to explain the coexistence of 17 oak species within forest communities in North Central Florida, we examined correlations between the phylogenetic relatedness of oak species, their degree of co-occurrence within com- munities and niche overlap across environmental gradients, and their similarity in ecophysiological and life-history traits. We show that the oaks are phylogenetically overdispersed because co-occurring spe- cies are more distantly related than expected by chance, and oaks within the same clade show less niche overlap than expected. Hence, communities are more likely to include members of both the red oak and the oak clades than only members of one clade. white live This pattern of phylogenetic overdispersion arises because traits im- portant for habitat specialization show evolutionary convergence. We hypothesize further that certain conserved traits permit coexistence of distantly related congeners. These results provide an explanation for how oak diversity is maintained at the community level in North
Doctor of Philosophy, Heal Thyself

As doctors of philosophy who are specialists in information systems, we routinely perform diagnoses of, and write prescriptions for, individuals, groups, organizations, societies, and their artifacts. The proverb “physician, heal thyself” requires that we ourselves, along with our scholarly artifacts, societies, organizations, and groups, undergo the same manner of diagnosis to which we subject others, and that we have a taste of our own medicine. This essay uses three published papers of Working Group 8.2 of the International Federation for Information Processing—from the 1984 Manchester meeting, from the 1990 Copenhagen meeting, and from the 1997 Philadelphia meeting—as a source of rich material with which to illustrate the difference in our diagnoses and prescriptions if we were to do unto ourselves what we do unto others.
An Alternative to the Flawed Bush Dividend Plan, Financed by ETI Repeal

In this article, Thompson explains why President Bush's dividend plan is flawed and why none of the stated rationales for the plan withstand close scrutiny. Thompson then lays out an alternative corporate tax incentive: an incremental investment tax credit financed by repeal of the extraterritorial income exclusion regime.
Protothecosis of the Olecranon Bursa Caused by Achloric Algae

Achloric algae produce a rare infection called protothecosis. The organism may cause either a cutaneous eruption or a chronic granulomatous inflammation particularly localized to the olecranon bursa. Dissemination is possible, and only total surgical excision is known to be curative. Diagnosis is achieved by demonstration of the characteristic morphology of the organisms in either tissue or culture, particularly when the morula-like sporangium is seen.
Antigenic relationship of Brucella and Vibrio comma.

rows of the University of Chicago and had been originally obtained from the National Institute of Health?their strain #41. It adhered to the usual description of the species.6 Production of Antiserums.?Young rabbits weighing 4-6 lbs. were employed. All animals were tested prior to immunization and were negative for brucella and cholera agglutinins. Rabbits were infected with brucella by intravenous injection of 1 cc of 24 hr Tryptose broth cultures. Two rabbits were used for each of the three species. For production of cholera -antiserum, standard cholera vaccine* (Inaba and Ogawa strains) was employed. Weekly intravenous injections of 0.25 cc. 0.50 cc and 1.0 cc were given. When satisfactory titres appeared, about three weeks after infecting the rabbits with brucella and two weeks after the last injection of cholera vaccine, the animals were bled from the heart and the serums collected aseptically. After inactivation at 56 C for 30 minutes, they were stored in the refrigerator until used. Technic.?Antigens for the agglutination test were prepared as follows: The 1. Eisele, C. W., McCullough, N. B., Beal, G. A., and Burrows, W. 1946, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol, and Med. 61: 89. 2. Eisele, C. W., McCullough, N. B., and Beal, G. A. 1948, Ann. Int. Med. 28: 833. 3. Eisele, C. W., McCullough, N. B, Beal, G. A., and Rottschaefer, W. 1947, J.A.M.A. 135: 983.
The effects of prefear conditioning shock intensity on initial shuttle response rate

The effects of prefear conditioning shock intensity on unreinforced shuttle response rate indicated that unreinforced shuttle response is inversely related to prefear shock intensity. The CS enhanced shuttling equally for all prefear shock groups. The data suggest that prefear conditioning decreases initial shuttle response rate, while the CS partially reverses this effect. An interpretation of demonstrated facilitation by prefear conditioning is offered.
Cavity Optomechanics: Mechanical Cooling to Phonon Lasers

Cavity enhancement of optical fields is providing a new way to couple light and mechanical motion. Its application to mechanical cooling and amplification, example implementations, and prospects for new science and technology are reviewed.
Proximity to Woodland and Landscape Structure Drives Pollinator Visitation in Apple Orchard Ecosystem

Landscapes of farms and adjacent areas are known to influence abundance of various arthropods such as pollinators in commercial agricultural ecosystems. In this context, we examined the effect of heterogeneous landscapes surrounding and including commercial apple orchards on pollinator visitation and foraging distance during bloom period from 2011 to 2013 in Pennsylvania. Our results showed that the frequency of feral honeybees and solitary bee visits within an apple orchard depends on the proximity of the orchard to an unmanaged habitat (primarily comprised of forest). At the landscape scale, we found that the Mean Proximity Index, the Largest Patch Index and the Number of Patches positively correlated with the visitation rate of dominant bee taxa (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees) visiting apple flowers at low spatial scales (up to 500 m around the orchards). The Mean Proximity Index at 500 m was related to bee visitation patterns, especially for solitary bees and A. mellifera. Bees in all our study sites preferred to forage in areas with large homogenous patches up to 500 m around an apple orchard. This effect can be attributed to the mass flowering of apples that formed the largest proportion of the 500 m spatial scale. The Number of Patches at 250 m spatial scale was positively correlated with bee visitation, especially Bombus spp., probably because these areas had more habitats and more resources required by these bees. We conclude that retaining unmanaged habitats closer to commercial apple orchards will maintain biodiversity within the landscapes and insure pollination services to apples.
Study on the characteristics of high risk behaviors among 585 visitors to VCT clinics in Haidian district, Beijing

Objective To access the characteristics of high risk behaviors, demographic data and infected status of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among visitors to HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Haidian district during 2008-2010, and to provide evidence for improving local VCT services.Methods The visitors to VCT clinics were enrolled in this survey and serological testing voluntarily during the study period. Software SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results Among all 585 participants, male and female accounted for 87.86%(514/585)and 12.14%(71/585)respectively. There were 85.64%(501/585)visitors aged 20~40 years old and 71.11%(416/585)received tertiary education. 85.81%(502/585) of them had high-risk sex experience, among them non-married heterosexual sexual contact and men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 48.55%(284/585)and 35.56%(208/585)respectively. 31.34 %(89/284)visitors who had non-married heterosexual sexual contact hadn't used condoms, and 16.83%(35/208)MSM visitors experienced unprotected anal intercourse. Total 569 blood samples were taken from visitors and examined, HIV positive rate was 2.28%(13/569). Conclusion Young males and the persons who had non-married sexual contact were the target group to AIDS prevention and control. Survey results indicated that reasonable anti-AIDS life style should be advocated when AIDS prevention and control knowledge was propagated.
Spread of status value: Rewards and the creation of status characteristics

Rewards have social significance and are highly esteemed objects, but what does their ownership signify to others? Prior work has demonstrated it may be possible for these rewards to spread their status to those who possess them, such that individuals gain or lose status and influence by virtue of the rewards they display. Yet, is this spread enough to produce entirely new status characteristics by virtue of their association with rewards? I propose a theoretical extension of the spread of status value theory and offer an experimental test considering whether the status value conveyed by rewards spreads to a new, nominal characteristic of those who come to possess these objects. The results indicate that states of a nominal characteristic do gain or lose status value and behavioral influence through their association with differentially valued rewards. Thus, rewards can create new status characteristics with resulting behavioral expectations.
Unpacking an Anomaly: Analyzing the 2005–2012 Current Population Survey to Understand Why Many Emergency Food Assistance Users Report Being Food Secure

ABSTRACTWe analyzed households that use emergency food assistance (EFA) programs (eg, food pantries, soup kitchens) to better understand the repeated but seemingly anomalous finding that many EFA participants report being food secure. Using bivariate descriptive statistics and simple probit models to data from the 2005–2012 Current Population Survey (CPS), we examine 3 hypotheses: (1) food secure EFA participants are systematically different from food insecure participants; (2) food secure EFA participants are reporting food security and EFA usage from different times; and (3) among food secure households, EFA participants are more likely to be marginally food secure. We find limited evidence that food secure EFA participants are more advantaged than their food insecure counterparts. The 30-day food security reports are markedly higher than the 12-month reports, which suggests recall bias. Finally, among the food secure, EFA participants are more likely to be marginally food secure. We conclude that the 1...
A National Effort to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Participant-Level Evaluation of CDC's National Diabetes Prevention Program.

OBJECTIVE To assess participant-level results from the first 4 years of implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP), a national effort to prevent type 2 diabetes in those at risk through structured lifestyle change programs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Descriptive analysis was performed on data from 14,747 adults enrolled in year-long type 2 diabetes prevention programs during the period February 2012 through January 2016. Data on attendance, weight, and physical activity minutes were summarized and predictors of weight loss were examined using a mixed linear model. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.3. RESULTS Participants attended a median of 14 sessions over an average of 172 days in the program (median 134 days). Overall, 35.5% achieved the 5% weight loss goal (average weight loss 4.2%, median 3.1%). Participants reported a weekly average of 152 min of physical activity (median 128 min), with 41.8% meeting the physical activity goal of 150 min per week. For every additional session attended and every 30 min of activity reported, participants lost 0.3% of body weight ( P CONCLUSIONS During the first 4 years, the National DPP has achieved widespread implementation of the lifestyle change program to prevent type 2 diabetes, with promising early results. Greater duration and intensity of session attendance resulted in a higher percent of body weight loss overall and for subgroups. Focusing on retention may reduce disparities and improve overall program results. Further program expansion and investigation is needed to continue lowering the burden of type 2 diabetes nationally.
Plant species, not climate, controls aboveground biomass O2:CO2 exchange ratios in deciduous and coniferous ecosystems

The oxidative ratio (OR) is the ratio of O2:CO2 associated with photosynthesis, respiration, and other ecosystem gas exchange processes, and can be reported on the scale of an individual leaf, an ecosystem, up to the entire terrestrial biosphere. The OR of the terrestrial biosphere is used to partition anthropogenic CO2 between oceanic and terrestrial carbon sinks, and the ease of measurement of this property on smaller scales suggests its potential for other uses. However, controls on the natural variation of OR are not understood in either organic matter pools or fluxes, and this lack of basic information limits the use of the tracer. Here we assess the annual variability of the OR of photosynthesis over ~decade for two temperate forests, one coniferous and one deciduous, and show that the photosynthetic OR signature is strongly dominated by plant species. We determined the OR of this flux by measuring the OR of carbon pools that close on annual or shorter timescales (leaves and individual tree rings), via solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Leaf litter OR is different between coniferous and deciduous forests, but tree bole OR is constant between species. There was no significant change in leaf litter OR with time, nor any correlations between leaf litter OR and temperature or precipitation. During this time growing season precipitation varied by 95% from the time period average, and growing season temperature by 22%, demonstrating that on the decadal scale photosynthetic OR is invariant over significant shifts in these climate parameters.
The Ten Adoption Drivers of Open Source Software That Enables e-Research in Data Factories for Open Innovations

This chapter describes ten drivers of the adoption of open source software that enables e-research in data factories for open innovations. More specifically, the chapter discusses the emerging phenomena of big data and e-research, along with their various defining characteristics. Then the chapter makes a case for the importance of understanding the adoption of open source software for processing and harnessing big data. In other words, big data which remain in the raw form will continue to be big data with hidden insights uncovered without the adoption of appropriate software. Open source software applications, along with the larger concept of cyberinfrastructure, play a critical role in our ability to optimize the full potential of big data. The chapter also includes critical questions community stakeholders should keep in mind when promoting the diffusion and dissemination of good software applications that will support data factories for open innovations.
Anomalous spectral weight transfer at the superconducting transition of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + δ

Anomalous spectral weight transfer at the superconducting transition of single-crystalline ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ was observed by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. As the sample goes superconducting, not only is there spectral weight transfer from the gap region to the pileup peak as in BCS theory, but along the \ensuremath{\Gamma}-M\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} direction there is also some spectral weight transfer from higher binding energies in the form of a dip. In addition, we note that at the superconducting transition there is a decrease (increase) in the occupied spectral weight for the spectra taken along \ensuremath{\Gamma}-M\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} (\ensuremath{\Gamma}-X).
The influence of fire history on soil nutrients and vegetation cover in mixed-severity fire regime forests of the eastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA

Abstract The rain shadow forests of the Olympic Peninsula exemplify a mixed-severity fire regime class in the midst of a highly productive landscape where spatial heterogeneity of fire severity may have significant implications for below and aboveground post-fire recovery. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impacts of wildfire on forest soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and assess the relationship of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) to soil processes in this mixed-severity ecosystem. We established a 112-year fire chronosequence with nine similar forest stands ranging in time since lastfire (TSF) from 3 to 115 years prior to site establishment. At each site, we measured understory vegetation cover, overstory composition, physical and chemical attributes of surface mineral soils to a depth of 10 cm, and forest floor organic matter. Additionally, non-ionic resin lysimeters were buried over the winter and spring (7–8 months) at the interface of organic and mineral soil to collect O-horizon leached DOC that would potentially contact PyC particles on the forest floor. Nitrogen transformations were also monitored in laboratory soil incubations for a subset of sites. The TSF gradient was significantly correlated with PyC mass in the O-horizon (r = −0.4), O-horizon C (r = 0.4), total phenol content in both O-horizon (r = 0.4) and mineral soils (r = 0.2), and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) (r = 0.4). Recent fire sites contained higher mineral soil total N and inorganic available N, but were not correlated with TSF. Total DOC that accumulated on the non-ionic resins averaged 1.14 (SE ± 0.54) g DOC m−2 year−1 and increased with TSF (r = 0.52; p
Symmetry and Lattice Vibrations

The other chapters in this book deal with the atoms in a crystalline solid being in their static equilibrium positions. This chapter focuses on the thermal vibrations of the atoms about their equilibrium positions. This motion is treated in the harmonic approximation. The symmetry of the lattice plays an important role in determining how the atoms move. The positions of neighboring atoms can inhibit motion in some directions while facilitating motion in other directions. This results in certain “normal modes” of vibration being allowed and other vibrational modes not allowed. Any state of vibration of the lattice can be expressed as a superposition of normal modes. The energy of the vibrational modes is quantized and can be described by eigenvectors and eigenvalues (frequencies). Each of these modes exhibit specific symmetry and can be associated with one of the irreducible representations of the crystallographic point group.
Abstract 12587: Telomere Length Regulates Cellular Fate of Cardiac Progenitor Cells

Myocardial regeneration following injury is severely limited by aging. Understanding the impact of age-associated factors such as telomere shortening is critical to enhance the regenerative potenti...
Polarized Dynamic Light Scattering as a Probe of Macromolecular Intramolecular Motions

Dynamic polarized light scattering is routinely used to study translational diffusion of macromolecules in solution. For macro-molecules comparable in size to the wavelength of light, it may also be used to probe macromolecular rotations and long range intramolecular motions. The basic theory of dynamic light scattering from these “large” macromolecules as well as techniques of data fitting are discussed. A brief survey of experimental results for both synthetic and biological macromolecules is given.
Role of cerebral angiography and review of endovascular treatment options in moyamoya disease and syndrome

Moyamoya is characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the terminal internal carotid artery and the formation of a com- pensatory abnormal vascular network. Cerebral angiography plays an essential role for the definitive diagnosis and surgical treatment planning of moyamoya disease and syndrome; however, there has been little documented experience with endovascu- lar techniques, i.e., angioplasty and intracranial stenting, in this patient population. Initial reports suggest that the endovascular treatments can be performed safely, however, their long-term durability and role in acutely symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with moyamoya disease and syndrome is yet to be determined.
The Philadelphia Flower Show and Its Dangerous Sensibilities

Editors’ Note: This chapter puts forth the notion of biophilia as a holistic dimension with physiological, biological, psychological, and existential components. It involves the drive to satisfy embodied needs concerning attunement to natural ecological rhythms and elements and bonding/caring/interrelations with other forms of life. Biophilia is shown to be interrelated with embodied aesthetic needs that entail the geography of the imagination. The goal of the author is to expose the danger of substituting aesthetic symbolizations for healthy ecological practices, practices that may not necessarily serve our aesthetic needs, but are necessary therapeutics for the environment. But since both biophiliac and aesthetic needs can also be met through aesthetico-commodity appropriations, we can become insensitive to the potential destruction to the environment. In terms of the overall thesis of the book we see here how motivations within geographies of the imagination in the mode of anthropomorphic aesthetics may not be attuned to the demands of geographies of the actual. Even though we cannot separate imagination and perception, it is possible on the basis of examining the perceptual/imaginative continuum to nevertheless recognize tensional friction between anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric ecological matrices.
Quarter Tables Revisited: Earlier Tables, Division of Labor in Table Construction, and Later Implementations in Analog Computers

Quarter-Squares were in use both earlier and more recently than the era from 1876 to 1951 covered in a previous article [22]. These include both earlier printed tables and incorporation into analog computers. Also considered herein are the means by which such tables were constructed, and the social hierarchy developed in conjunction with the division of labor among workers of quite different levels of mathematical expertise.
Abstract 030: Low Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase Activity in Pregnancy are Associated With Increased Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a prevalent multi-organ complication of pregnancy that is characterized by gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Immunologic and vascular alterations clearly occur before clinic...
Fluids Demonstrations II: Bubbles in Mondrian Painting, Eruption-Like Flow, Rotational Instability, and Wake Vortices

The purpose of this paper is to present five new devices that demonstrate a variety of flow phenomena in liquids and granular materials that exhibit fluid-like behavior. These devices complement and add on to a recent collection of demonstrations that was published in this journal. The devices are self-contained and portable, and can be utilized repeatedly without waiting or cleanup between uses. Furthermore, since the demonstrations result in visually engaging patterns, they are accessible to everyone regardless of age or science background. Descriptions are provided to enable replication by others. Significance of each demonstration is outlined and background information on the relevant physics can be found in the cited references. Pedagogical directions for specific use are left to the discretion of readers (depending on the scope of local interests and constraints). However, they can be used in classroom lecture demonstrations, outreach activities, or other student-based projects.The purpose of this paper is to present five new devices that demonstrate a variety of flow phenomena in liquids and granular materials that exhibit fluid-like behavior. These devices complement and add on to a recent collection of demonstrations that was published in this journal. The devices are self-contained and portable, and can be utilized repeatedly without waiting or cleanup between uses. Furthermore, since the demonstrations result in visually engaging patterns, they are accessible to everyone regardless of age or science background. Descriptions are provided to enable replication by others. Significance of each demonstration is outlined and background information on the relevant physics can be found in the cited references. Pedagogical directions for specific use are left to the discretion of readers (depending on the scope of local interests and constraints). However, they can be used in classroom lecture demonstrations, outreach activities, or other student-based projects.
Affine geometric heat flow and motion planning for dynamic systems

Abstract We present a new method for motion planning for control systems. The method aims to provide a natural computational framework in which a broad class of motion planning problems can be cast; including problems with holonomic and non-holonomic constraints, drift dynamics, obstacle constraints and constraints on the applied controls. The method, which finds its inspiration in recent work on the so-called geometric heat flows and curve shortening flows, relies on a hereby introduced partial differential equation, which we call the affine geometric heat flow, and evolves an arbitrary differentiable path joining initial to final state in configuration space to a path that meets the constraints imposed on the problem. From the path, controls to be applied on the system can be extracted. We provide conditions guaranteeing that the controls extracted will drive the system arbitrarily close to the desired final state, while meeting the imposed constraints and illustrate the method on three canonical examples.
A Game-Theoretic Model for Product Placement in Online Platform Markets

Abstract Motivated by online platforms such as Amazon, Airbnb, etc., we consider the following Bertrand game model of product placement: a number of sellers (e.g., apartment owners) are interested in placing their products on a platform’s (e.g., Airbnb.com) website. We assume that the price of a product is determined by the the number of available sellers and their qualities, and the probability with which a platform user will buy a product is a function of the prices and the qualities, according to a multinomial logit model. In other words, the outcomes, i.e., the realized prices and sales, are determined by the Nash equilibrium of a Bertrand game. The platform can affect the outcome of the game by deciding on a mechanism to determine which products to display on their websites. For such a Bertrand game, we derive optimal mechanisms for the platform to maximize either social welfare or revenue.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Spontaneously Occurring Rat Natural Killer Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Identifies JAK1 Somatic Activating Mutation

Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia arises spontaneously in elderly Fischer (F344) rats. This rodent model has been shown to emulate many aspects of the natural killer (NK) variant of human LGL leukemia. Previous transplantation of leukemic material into young F344 rats resulted in several strains of rat NK (RNK) primary leukemic cells. One strain, RNK-16, was adapted into the RNK-16 cell line and established as an aggressive NK-LGL leukemia model. Whole genome sequencing of the RNK-16 cell line identified 255,838 locations where the RNK16 had an alternate allele that was different from F334, including a mutation in Jak1. Functional studies showed Jak1 Y1034C to be a somatic activating mutation that mediated increased STAT signaling, as assessed by phosphoprotein levels. Sanger sequencing of Jak1 in RNK-1, -3, -7, and -16 found only RNK-16 to harbor the Y1034C Jak1 mutation. In vivo studies revealed that rats engrafted with RNK-16 primary material developed leukemia more rapidly than those engrafted with RNK-1, -3, and -7. Additionally, ex vivo RNK-16 spleen cells from leukemic rats exhibited increased STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 phosphorylation compared to other RNK strains. Therefore, we report and characterize a novel gain-of-function Jak1 mutation in a spontaneous LGL leukemia model that results in increased downstream STAT signaling.
Bottom-Up Organizing with Tools from On High: Understanding the Data Practices of Labor Organizers

This paper provides insight into the use of data tools in the American labor movement by analyzing the practices of staff employed by unions to organize alongside union members. We interviewed 23 field-level staff organizers about how they use data tools to evaluate membership. We find that organizers work around and outside of these tools to develop access to data for union members and calibrate data representations to meet local needs. Organizers mediate between local and central versions of the data, and draw on their contextual knowledge to challenge campaign strategy. We argue that networked data tools can compound field organizers' lack of discretion, making it more difficult for unions to assess and act on the will of union membership. We show how the use of networked data tools can lead to less accurate data, and discuss how bottom-up approaches to data gathering can support more accurate membership assessments.
Identifying the axillary nerve during shoulder surgery: an anatomic study using advanced imaging.

Background The axillary nerve (AXN) is one of the more commonly injured nerves during shoulder surgery. Prior anatomic studies of the AXN in adults were performed using cadaveric specimens with small sample sizes. Our research observes a larger cohort of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in order to gain a more representative sample of the course of the AXN and aid surgeons intraoperatively. Methods High-resolution 3T MRI studies performed at our institution from January 2010 to June 2019 were reviewed. Four blinded reviewers with musculoskeletal radiology or orthopedic surgery training measured the distance of the AXN to the surgical neck of the humerus (SNH), the lateral tip of the acromion (LTA), and the inferior glenoid rim (IGR). Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess reliability between reviewers. The nerve location was assessed relative to rotator cuff tear status. Results A total of 257 shoulder MRIs were included. Intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent at 0.80 for the SNH, 0.90 for the LTA, and 0.94 for the IGR. All intraobserver reliabilities were above 0.80. The mean distance from the AXN to SNH was 1.7 cm (range, 0.7-3.1 cm; interquartile range, 1.38-2.00) and that from the AXN to IGR was 1.6 cm (range, 0.6-2.6 cm; interquartile range, 1.33-1.88). The mean AXN to LTA distance was 7.1 cm, with a range of 5.2-9.0 cm across patient heights; there was a large effect size related to the LTA to AXN distance and patient height with a correlation of r = 0.603 (P < .001). Rotator cuff pathology appears to affect nerve location by increasing the distance between the AXN and SNH (P = .027). Discussion/Conclusion The AXN is vulnerable to injury during both open and arthroscopic shoulder procedures. This injury can be either a result of direct trauma to the nerve or secondary to traction placed on the nerve with reconstructive procedures that distalize the humerus. Our study demonstrates that the AXN can be found as little as 5.6 mm from the IGR and 6.9 mm from the SNH. In addition, we illustrate the relationship between patient height and the LTA to AXN distance and complete rotator cuff tears and the SNH to AXN distance. Our study is the first to demonstrate the nerve's proximity to important surgical landmarks of the shoulder using a large sample size of high-resolution images in living human shoulders.
Health Impact Assessment of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in San Francisco, Bay Area:

This paper presents the potential human health impacts from connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in the San Francisco, Bay Area, U.S. The study concentrates on impacts derived from CAVs’ outcom...
Women Surgeons' Experiences of Interprofessional Workplace Conflict.

Importance Gender differences in interprofessional conflict may exist and precipitate differential achievement, wellness, and attrition in medicine. Objective Although substantial attention and research has been directed toward improving gender equity in surgery and addressing overall physician wellness, research on the role of interprofessional conflict has been limited. The objective of this study was to understand scenarios driving interprofessional conflict involving women surgeons, the implications of the conflict on personal, professional, and patient outcomes, and how women surgeons navigate conflict adjudication. Design, Setting, and Participants A qualitative approach was used to explore the nature, implications, and ways of navigating interprofessional workplace conflict experienced by women surgeons. The setting was a national sample of US women surgeons. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit women surgeons in training or practice from annual surgical society meetings. Participants were eligible if they were currently in a surgical training program or surgical practice. Nearly all participants had experienced at least 1 workplace conflict with a nonphysician staff member resulting in a formal write-up. Exposures A workplace conflict was defined as any conflict resulting in the nonphysician staff member taking action such as confronting the woman surgeon, reporting the event to supervisors, or filing a formal report. Main Outcomes and Measures Interviews were conducted between February 19, 2019, and June 21, 2019. Recordings were transcribed and deidentified. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine data in relation to the research questions. Results Thirty US women surgeons (8 [27%] age 25-34 years, 16 [53%] age 35-44 years, 5 [17%] age 45-54 years, and 1 [3%] age 55-64 years) of varying surgical specialties were interviewed. Conflicts were often reported as due to a breakdown in communication or from performance-related disputes. Participants perceived personal and professional implications including self-doubt, depression, frustration, anxiety, loss of sleep, reputational harms, and delays to advancement. Participants also described potential patient safety implications primarily due to decreased communication resulting from some surgeons being hesitant to engage in subsequent interactions. Participants described a variety of navigation strategies including relationship management, rapport building, and social capital. The success of these processes tended to vary by individual circumstances, including the details of the conflict, practice setting, level of support of leadership, and individual personality of the surgeon. Conclusions and Relevance This qualitative study highlights women surgeons’ experiences with interprofessional workplace conflict. Interprofessional culture building, broader dissemination of implicit bias training, and transparent and equitable adjudication systems are potential strategies for avoiding or mitigating the implications of these conflicts.
Faculty Academy: A New Version of an Established Concept of Collaboration

This chapter describes the conceptualization and interactions of the Portfolio Group, a knowledge community of teachers and teacher educators with over a twenty-year history of collaboration. Formed in 1998, its story formed the model for the concept of the Faculty Academy. An overview of the Portfolio Group’s members and collaborative activities is provided, along with its relationship to the Faculty Academy being sketched.
Alcohol consumption and cultural systems: Global similarities and differences

Abstract As one of the few legal psychoactive substances in most parts of the world and one that is also consumed for socialization and cultural and religious rituals, alcohol has historically been the most popular psychoactive substance in the world. There are, however, considerable individual and country variations in the consumption of alcohol. This chapter reviews the most recent report by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on survey data collected from 173 WHO member states concerning alcohol consumption, harm related to alcohol consumption, and policy responses to reduce the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. This chapter also examines some of the sociocultural factors that could explain the variations in alcohol consumption within country and between countries, including gender and age, the law and religion, economic wealth of individuals and society, and the culture surrounding alcohol consumption.
Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL): Probabilistic Predictive Model

Reliability evaluations and assurances cannot be delayed until the device (system) is fabricated and put into operation. Reliability of an electronic product should be conceived at the early stages of its design; implemented during manufacturing; evaluated (considering customer requirements and the existing specifications), by electrical, optical and mechanical measurements and testing; checked (screened) during fabrication; and, if necessary and appropriate, maintained in the field during the product’s operation. Prognostics and health monitoring (PHM) effort can be of significant help, especially at the last, operational stage, of the product use. Accordingly, a simple and physically meaningful probabilistic predictive model is suggested for the evaluation of the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of an electronic device (system) after an appreciable deviation from its normal operation conditions has been detected, and the corresponding increase in the failure rate and the change in the configuration of the wear-out portion of the bathtub curve has been assessed. The general concepts are illustrated by a numerical example. The model can be employed, along with other PHM forecasting and interfering tools and means, to evaluate and to maintain the high level of the reliability (probability of non-failure) of a device (system) at the operation stage of its lifetime.
Relationships between psychometrically distinct Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) factors and mental health among U.S. college students

The current study tested the extent to which demographic, personality, spiritual, and religious variables accounted for variance in physical and mental health measures using recently identified psy...
Creating Training for Embedded Librarians

Embedded librarianship can give librarians direct impact on student success in a clinical setting, but there is not a prescribed method for training new librarians to work in this environment. The ...
Emerging role of machine learning in cardiovascular disease investigation and translations

Abstract Unexpected insights and practical advances in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are being discovered by rapidly advancing developments in supercomputers and machine learning (ML) software algorithms. These have been accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the resulting CVD translational implications of ML are steering new measures of prevention and treatment, new tools for objective clinical diagnosis, and even opportunities for rethinking basic foundations of CVD nosology. As the usual cardiovascular specialist may not be familiar with these tools, the editor has invited this brief overview.