cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis of microRNA profiles and their target genes suggests significant involvement in breast cancer antiestrogen resistance

Motivation: Recent evidence shows significant involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation and progression of numerous cancers; however, the role of these in tumor drug resistance remains unknown. Results: By comparing global miRNA and mRNA expression patterns, we examined the role of miRNAs in resistance to the ‘pure antiestrogen’ fulvestrant, using fulvestrant-resistant MCF7-FR cells and their drug-sensitive parental estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF7 cells. We identified 14 miRNAs downregulated in MCF7-FR cells and then used both TargetScan and PITA to predict potential target genes. We found a negative correlation between expression of these miRNAs and their predicted target mRNA transcripts. In genes regulated by multiple miRNAs or having multiple miRNA-targeting sites, an even stronger negative correlation was found. Pathway analyses predicted these miRNAs to regulate specific cancer-associated signal cascades. These results suggest a significant role for miRNA-regulated gene expression in the onset of breast cancer antiestrogen resistance, and an improved understanding of this phenomenon could lead to better therapies for this often fatal condition. Contact:knephew@indiana.edu; sunkim2@indiana.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exfoliation of the Deciduous Teeth During the Ages of Mixed Dentition

Exfoliation rates of deciduous molars and canines of 705 children were determined. Exfoliation of the mandibular canines begins at about the age of seven years, and is followed by exfoliattion of the first and second molars. Maxillary exfoliation begins with the canines and first molars, followed by the second molars. Deciduous canines and molars often are present at the age of ten years.
Stationary distributions of semistochastic processes with disturbances at random times and with random severity

Abstract We consider a semistochastic continuous-time continuous-state space random process that undergoes downward disturbances with random severity occurring at random times. Between two consecutive disturbances, the evolution is deterministic, given by an autonomous ordinary differential equation. The times of occurrence of the disturbances are distributed according to a general renewal process. At each disturbance, the process gets multiplied by a continuous random variable (“severity”) supported on [ 0 , 1 ) . The inter-disturbance time intervals and the severities are assumed to be independent random variables that also do not depend on the history. We derive an explicit expression for the conditional density connecting two consecutive post-disturbance levels, and an integral equation for the stationary distribution of the post-disturbance levels. We obtain an explicit expression for the stationary distribution of the random process. Several concrete examples are considered to illustrate the methods for solving the integral equations that occur.
Auditory evoked potentials recorded from the cochlear nucleus and its vicinity in man

✓ Intracranial responses from the auditory nerve and the cochlear nucleus were recorded from patients undergoing neurosurgical operations during which these structures were exposed. Responses to stimulation of the ipsilateral ear with short tonebursts from the vicinity of the cochlear nucleus show a large surface-negative peak, the latency of which is close to that of peak III in the auditory brain-stem evoked potentials recorded from scalp electrodes. There was also a response to contralateral stimulation, smaller in amplitude and with a longer latency. It is concluded that the cochlear nucleus is the main generator of peak III responses, and that structures of the ascending auditory pathway that are more central than the cochlear nucleus are unlikely to contribute to wave III of the auditory brain-stem evoked potentials.
Free TV: File-Sharing and the Value of Television

Circulation of television programs in file-sharing networks such as BitTorrent is one of the many developments in the era of media convergence prompting a renewal of television’s place in the popul...
An Agency Analysis of Church-Pastor Relations

Incentives are critical to the study of economics. But do they work in non-traditional economic settings, such as religious organizations, in a manner consistent with economic theory? This study considers the agency relationship between churches and their clergy. This paper contends that pastor compensation is not typically tied directly to performance, but rather indirectly through promotion tournaments. Pastors whose performance is recognized as being exceptional are rewarded by being called to larger, more prestigious congregations. Given the difficulty of observing and measuring pastor performance this represents a sensible solution to the church–pastor principal–agent problem. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Governmental factors associated with state-wide interagency collaboration initiatives

In recent years, public safety agencies at various levels of government have joined together to share information and communicate when faced with public safety incidents. Interagency collaboration initiatives of this nature result in the creation of Public Safety Networks (PSNs). PSNs may originate at any level of government, and their user base may span a single or multiple geographies. In this study, we focus on PSNs that are created to be used in the United States at the state-level; that is, they aim to support some combination of police and other agencies throughout one of the fifty U.S. states. The study seeks to describe the size and maturity of extant state-level PSNs, based upon factors derived from rational choice and institutional theories. For each state, we have collected contextual data representing 135 different characteristics and descriptors of potentially relevant state-level attributes. We produce a parsimonious set of factors that predict public safety collaboration, identify which factors cluster together, and confirm that they evidence an underlying structure consistent with what rational choice and institutional theories would predict. These are then analyzed against size and maturity indicators drawn from an extensive data set of PSN characteristics and attributes, as an initial effort to explain differences among state public safety programs.
Lamb wave propagation in piezoelectric plates

The propagation of the lowest-order symmetric (S/sub 0/) and antisymmetric (A/sub 0/) Lamb wave modes in a piezoelectric plate is investigated both theoretically as well as experimentally. The characteristics of the modes and their relation to the surface acoustic wave are modified by electrical boundary conditions on the plate surfaces. It is found that when both surfaces are either metallized or unmetallized, the surface acoustic wave is obtained by a linear superposition of the A/sub 0/ and S/sub 0/ modes. On the other hand, if only one surface is metallized, then the surface acoustic wave is equivalent to just one of modes (either the A/sub 0/ or S/sub 0/ mode, depending on which surface is metallized). The beating phenomenon is present when both surfaces are either metallized or unmetallized, but is absent if only one surface is metallized. Experimental measurements performed on Lamb wave devices fabricated on Y-cut, Z-propagating lithium niobate plates are found to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations. >
Transcriptional analysis in microbial fuel cells: common pitfalls in global gene expression studies of microbial biofilms.

The potential for microbial fuel cells to act as an alternative, pollution-neutral energy source has generated a major increase in the number of publications on this subject. Fundamental to the functioning of a microbial fuel cell, and the efficient transfer of electrons to an associated electrical network, is the formation of specialized biofilms on an electrode surface. Microarray studies of these biofilms have important considerations that are also fundamental for biofilm gene expression studies in general. Cells in a biofilm exist in a range of different physiological states, but global analysis generalizes transcription across the entire biofilm population. This leads to the common pitfall of a complex system being overly simplified. Bacteria are commonly found in the environment as part of surface-associated communities known as biofilms. Through the formation of a biofilm, bacteria gain many advantages, such as an increased resistance to desiccation, resistance to antibiotics, defence against grazing, and increased metabolic function, among others. Biofilms are studied extensively due to their importance in environmental, industrial, and medical processes. They are highly hydrated structures containing cells encased in an extracellular matrix of proteins, DNA, enzymes, and extracellular polymeric substances. Many bacterial biofilms consist of structured clumps of cells surrounded by channels void of cellular material, in which nutrients and waste can be exchanged, resulting in a diverse range of microenvironments. For example, electrical-producing biofilms in a microbial fuel …
A call to arms: on refining Plasmodium vivax microsatellite marker panels for comparing global diversity

Background Microsatellite (MS) markers have become an important tool for studying the population diversity, evolutionary history and multiplicity of infection (MOI) of malaria parasite infections. MS are typically selected on the basis of being highly polymorphic. However, it is known that the polymorphic potential (mutability) of each marker can vary as much as two orders of magnitude, which radically changes how diversity is represented in the genome from one marker to the next. Over the past decade, approximately 240 Plasmodium vivax MS have been published, comprising nine major panels of markers. Inconsistent usage of each panel has resulted in a surfeit of descriptive genetic diversity data that are largely incomparable between populations. The objective of this study was to statistically evaluate the quality of individual MS markers in order to validate a refined panel of markers that will provide a balanced picture of P. vivax population diversity.
Hippocampus and subregions of the dorsal striatum respond differently to a behavioral strategy change on a spatial navigation task.

Goal-directed and habit-based behaviors are driven by multiple but dissociable decision making systems involving several different brain areas, including the hippocampus and dorsal striatum. On rep...
How We Hired a Content Strategist (And Why You Should Too)

Libraries were once the trailblazers for developing Web sites in the early 1990s, but today many library Web sites are bloated with outdated, irrelevant, and unfriendly content. Some institutions have recently turned to content strategy—the practice of planning “for the creation, publication, and governance of useful, usable content” (Halvorson 2011, 23)—to address these problems. In this article, the authors argue that large libraries can benefit from creating a dedicated staff role for content strategy. They explore how the University of Arizona Libraries moved from its first forays in content strategy to adding a full-time, permanent content strategist to the staff. The authors describe the key elements that were important in making the case for this position and detail considerations for recruitment and hiring. They also discuss the role a content strategist can play for improving the overall user experience beyond just the library Web site.
‘A Modicum of Commitment’: The Present and Future Importance of the Historical Records Survey

The success of any good idea depends largely upon those who are charged with its implementation. When the Civil Works Administration of the New Deal undertook a survey of Pennsylvania state and local records in 1933-34, Francis S. Philbrick, a University of Pennsylvania professor, was inspired to propose a more comprehensive nationwide program.1 But it was the genius of Luther Evans that was responsible in 1935 for launching the Historical Records Survey (HRS). Operating on the basis of a presidential letter that placed him initially in the Women's and Professional Division of the Works Progress Administration, Evans and his staff created a hierarchical system of records description and centralized editorial control that even today has no peer. It worked because the forms and procedures they developed were simple and logical and because the supervisory personnel they chose in the states ultimately, if not originally, were able people who in their own right contributed by refining and improving the instructions received from the central office.
Poiret, by Harold Koda and Andrew Bolton

(2009). Poiret, by Harold Koda and Andrew Bolton. Design and Culture: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 141-142.
A comparison of clustering solutions for cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia

A cluster analytic solution based upon a battery of tests consisting of the Halstead Category and Tactual Performance Tests, the Trail Making Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was compared with a solution based on the subtests of the Wechsler intelligence scales, utilizing a sample of 221 schizophrenic patients. Both analyses permitted four-cluster solutions, and we found a weak but significant degree of association between solutions. Examination of external validity of the two solutions revealed stronger associations with clinical variables for the Wechsler-scale-based solution. The major conclusions were that the existence of cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia exists across a broad range of abilities, and appears to reflect a combination of continuity of ability level and existence of possible subtypes requiring further neuropsychological and neurobiological verification. (JINS, 1998, 4, 353‐362.)
An Unusual Cause of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Loculated Malignant Pericardial Effusion.

An Unusual Cause of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Loculated Malignant Pericardial Effusion Chi-Cheng Huang, MD, Hung-Lung Hsu, MD, Chung-Jen Teng, MD, Shin-Rong Ke, MD, MS* Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Republic of China Divison of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Republic of China Divison of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Republic of China
Effect of Gossypol on Accumulation of Rhodamine-123 by Sertoli Cell Mitochondria

Clinical application of gossypol as an antifertility agent in Chinese men has demonstrated that the drug is not only >99% efficient, but that its antifertility effect is reversible and reportedly not detrimental to nonreproductive organs, providing the subjects’ protein and iron intake are adequate [1, 2, 3, 4]. Gossypol is neither mutagenic when assessed by the Ames test [5], nor does it cause chromosomal aberrations [6, 7].
Community Access: A Survey of Congregational Accessibility for People with Disabilities

Many people with disabilities realize the dream of community integration. However, much work needs to be done to ensure that people with disabilities have access and inclusion in all aspects of community life. This study examines the current physical and attitudinal accessibility of religiouscongregations for people with disabilities. Responses to questionnaires from a stratified random sample of congregations assessed self-reported accessibility. Of those contacted, 91 congregations met the study criteria. Results from this study indicated that congregations are increasing access to worship, but that systematic changes had not yet begun. Also, we found that size of the congregations was an important factor in determining accessibility for people with disabilities.
Chloride Ion Effects in the Corrosion Kinetics of Intermetallics in Acidic Solutions

The electrodissolution rates of polycrystalline Sb and InSb in Cl--free acid perchlorate and acid chloride solutions have been investigated. The rest potentials of Sb and InSb in these solutions were linear functions of pH and chloride ions. Furthermore, Tafel behavior was observed for both Sb and InSb in these solutions and electrodissolution rates increased with increase in pH and Cl-. Reaction orders of the electrodissolution rates with respect to pH (or H+) and Cl- were determined. Solution analyses indicate that within the Tafel region InSb electrodissolution is non-selective.
Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is the final common pathway of a large variety of chronic lung disease,and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is the most aggressive form.IPF is characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury/activation,myofibroblast/fibroblast proliferation,and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM),which ultimately results in the destruction of lung parenchyma.Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)are important hydrolysis enzymes that can degrade most of the ECM.However,the activity of MMPs may be inhibited by its specific inhibitors tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMPs).Dynamic changes in MMPs and TIMPs have been shown in the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis,which may be correlated with the repeated destruction,repair,reconstruction and excessive deposition of ECM caused by the imbalance of MMPs and TIMPs.
78 TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT BLEEDING FROM PERISTOMAL VARICES.

Varices around colostomy are infrequently reported. We describe a patient with recurrent bleeding from colostomy varices successfully managed by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Case Summary A 51-year-old man was hospitalized with a 3-month history of bleeding from colostomy. Blood often spurted from the ostomy site and the bleeding spontaneously resolved. The patient had alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Nine months previously he had laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for colonic stricture from diverticulitis. Physical examination revealed spider angiomata and icterus. Blood was seen oozing from the stoma. Laboratory data showed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Abdominal CT showed splenomegaly. Endoscopy revealed dilated veins appearing as soft bluish ridges around the stoma. Ultrasound/Doppler study demonstrated multiple large varicosities surrounding the stoma. Propranolol was administered to decrease portal venous pressure. Bleeding ceased, and the patient was discharged home. He had recurrent bleeding requiring multiple admissions and blood transfusions over the subsequent 4 months. A TIPS procedure was performed. There was no further bleeding during the ensuing 4 months. Discussion Bleeding from varices at colostomy, ileostomy, or ileal conduit stomas, an unusual complication of portal hypertension, is a challenging problem. Stomal and peristomal varices are the result of anastomoses between the high-pressure portal venous system and the low-pressure systemic venous system around the stoma. After stoma surgery, adhesions may develop between the mesentery and abdominal wall. Episodes of serious bleeding have been reported in up to 100% of such patients. Life-threatening hemorrhage from peristomal varices is rare, with an estimated mortality rate of 3-4% per episode. Many forms of treatments have been reported. Only five cases of peristomal colostomy varices successfully treated with TIPS have previously been reported. To our knowledge this is the first report of the use of ultrasound/ Doppler study to demonstrate peristomal varices at a colostomy site.
Effects of Airborne Fine Particulate Matters from Two Districts of Shanghai on Infl ammatory Markers in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Rats

[Objective] To compare the toxicity of fine particulate matters(PM2.5) in each season collected from different districts of Shanghai through an animal experiment. [Methods] PM2.5 was sampled from Baoshan and Xuhui districts of Shanghai in each season. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three PM2.5 dosage groups(1.6, 8.0, and 40.0 mg/kg body weight) and one saline control group of six rats each. Each group received intratracheal instillation once per day for three consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected and analyzed for ingredient changes including lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), total protein(TP), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), and cell number. [Results] The concentrations of all parameters increased in a dose-dependent manner. The effect was more strongly driven by high-dose PM2.5 exposure from Baoshan district than that from Xuhui district(P 0.05). For the Baoshan high dose groups, the levels of LDH were higher after spring particle exposure than after summer and autumn particle exposures(P 0.05), and were also higher after winter particle exposure than after autumn particle exposure(P 0.05). In contrast, for the Xuhui high dose groups, the lowest levels of LDH were found after autumn particle exposure(P 0.05). Baoshan spring and winter PM2.5 exposure at high doses exhibited stronger toxic effects in producing IL-6 than summer and autumn particle exposure did(P 0.05), while Xuhui spring PM2.5 exposure at high dose produced more IL-6 than autumn exposure did(P 0.05). Baoshan spring PM2.5 exposure at middle and high doses exhibited the strongest toxic effects in producing TNF-α(P 0.05), while Xuhui spring and winter PM2.5 exposure at high dose produced more TNF-α than summer and autumn exposure did(P 0.05). The cell number increased more significantly in spring than in autumn in both Baoshan and Xuhui districts(P 0.05). [Conclusion] The fine particle matters from Baoshan district show a stronger toxicity in terms of pulmonary inflammation than those from Xuhui district in the same dosage group. Both districts show seasonal variations.
The design of peptide-based substrates for the cdc2 protein kinase

The substrate sequence specificity of the cdc2 protein kinase from Pisaster ochraceus has been evaluated. The peptide, Ac-Ser-Pro-Gly-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Lys-amide, serves as an efficient cdc2 kinase substrate with a Km of 1.50 +/- 0.04 microM and a Vmax. of 12.00 +/- 0.18 mumol/min per mg. The amino acid sequence of this peptide is not based on any sequence in a known protein substrate of the cyclin-dependent kinase, but rather was designed from structural attributes that appear to be important in the majority of cdc2 substrates. The cyclin-dependent enzyme is remarkably indiscriminate in its ability to recognize and phosphorylate peptides that contain an assortment of structurally diverse residues at the P-2, P-1 and P+2 positions. However, peptides that contain a free N-terminal serine or lack an arginine at the P+4 position are relatively poor substrates. These aspects of the substrate specificity of the cdc2 protein kinase are compared and contrasted with the previously reported substrate specificity of a cdc2-like protein kinase from bovine brain [Beaudette, Lew and Wang (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20825-20830].
Active relearning for robust on-road vehicle detection and tracking

This paper aims to introduce a novel robust real time system capable of rapidly detecting and tracking vehicles in a video stream using a monocular vision system. The framework used for this purpose is an actively relearned implementation of the Haar-like feature based Viola-Jones classifier capable of classifying image frame regions as a vehicle or non-vehicle. A passively trained supervised system (based on Adaboost) is initially built by cascading a set of weak classifiers working with Rectangular Haar-like features. An actively learned model is then generated from the initial passive classifier by querying misclassified instances when the model is evaluated on an independent dataset. This classifier is integrated with a Lucas-Kanade Optical Flow Tracker and an empirical distance estimation algorithm to evolve the system into a complete real-time detection and tracking system. The built model is then evaluated extensively on static as well as real world data and results are presented.
PREVENTION OF LIVER CANCER AND CIRRHOSIS BY VACCINES

Existing vaccines for hepatitis B virus (HBV) are described, and their advantages and efficacies are compared. The possible advantages of including PreS determinants are discussed. Use of HBV vaccines, although increasing, remains at a disappointing level if worldwide eradication of HBV-associated chronic liver disease is to be achieved. The evolution of vaccine-resistant HBV strains is discussed. Vaccines need to be developed for hepatitis C virus as well, and impediments and solutions to their development are reviewed.
Introduction: The Nature of its Narrative

Narrative Con/Texts in ‘Ulysses’ is composed of seven essays written over the past ten years as separate approaches to the ways in which narrative functions in Ulysses in relation to the changing contextual situation in that narrative; some of these essays have appeared in earlier forms in journals and as book chapters. They have been rewritten for the purpose of a book-length study but do not constitute a seamless narrative, nor is there a central thesis that constrains the various investigative avenues of approach, and certainly no attempt is made to track the eighteen chapters of Ulysses sequentially. Instead, several individual tracks move through the Ulyssean terrain, criss-crossing each other and opening and reopening the possibilities of analysing the narrational methods in operation and co-operation with each other. Various heightened moments and complex knots that intensify the narrative experience in Joyce’s Ulysses are returned to more than once to re-examine their function and impact from different perspectives.
Summary of Methods Used in the Study of Pesticide Biotransformation and Disposition

Elucidation of the often complex mechanisms and pathways involved in pesticide biotransformation requires well-thought-out and well-controlled experiments. One of the cornerstones of these studies is good analytical chemistry methods that will produce robust and reliable data on the parent compound, metabolites, and (potentially) the changes in gene and protein expression. This chapter is concerned with the sampling, isolation, separation, and measurement of chemicals, needed to study the biotransformation and disposition of pesticides. It is intended to give the reader a brief summary of some of the methods used in the elucidation of the biotransformation and disposition of pesticides.
Suppes’ Contributions to the Theory of Measurement

More than any other living person, Suppes has affected contemporary presentations of theories of measurement. They bear the imprint of his views as to the appropriate axiomatic formulation of the intended empirical information and the nature of the theorems to be proved. I do not mean to imply that before him scientists were unaware of what needed to be done, but rather that he has stated the requirements more generally and more forcefully than others had. In essence, he formulated more clearly than anyone before him the common features of existing measurement theories — primarily those of Helmholtz (1887), Holder (1901), Campbell (1920, 1928), Wiener (1921), von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947), and Savage (1954), as well as his own contributions of the 1950’s — and he emphasized various relevant logical distinctions. Of course, philosophers of physics had earlier discussed the nature of measurement, especially important being the works of Bridgman (1922), Campbell (1920, 1928), and Cohen and Nagel (1934), but none had achieved a fully satisfactory mathematical treatment.
Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra. By Michel Chauveau. Translated by David Lorton. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000.

For background on the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt, one could almost not do better than Michel Chauveau's Egypt in the Age qf Cleopatra. Using the latest or most accepted information, both archaeological and scholarly, Chauveau leads the reader through the entire breadth of the empire, from its beginnings as a satrapy of Alexander the Great's empire and Ptolemy I Soter's creation of a kingdom during the Successor Wars in the late 4th century B.C. to the fall of Cleopatra VII and Marc Anthony almost 300 years later. Using information from both the Greek and Egyptian populations, Chauveau does an admirable job in showing how the two societies co-existed, one immigrant and one native. The book is a brief overview of the social history of Egypt under Greek rule but concentrates less on the royal succession and the ideology of the ruling class.
A solution calorimetric investigation of K-Na mixing in a sanidine-analbite ion-exchange series; corrections

It has been pointed out to me (Nawotsky, personal communication) that the W".o, and W"u values for the low albite-microcline ion-exchange series of Waldbaum and Robie (1971) were interchanged in Table2 of a paper by Hovis and Waldbaum(1977,p. 685). Thus, based on a cubic fit to the calorimetric data, V[/r.o, and W"ro values for the Waldbaum and Robie series are 8.457 (+9.999) and 5.928 1+9.635; kcallmol, respectively. This affects observations (2) and (3) of Hovis and Waldbaum (1977, bottom p. 684, top p. 685). Based on asymmetric least-squares fits to heat-of-solution data, Wrrr) Wr,o,(and W"ro > lVr.o,\ for the analbite-sanidine seties only, whereas the opposite asymmetry is observed in the low albite-microcline series. The difference in asymmetry between the low albite-microcline and analbite-sanidine series can be interpreted in one of at least two ways: (l) that the asymmetry changes with sftite of Al-Si ordering, or (2) that aething better than symmetric fits to the heat-of-solution data is warranted for either series. If the first interpretation is accepted, the observed asymmetry in the enthalpy of mixing for the analbite-sanidine series can be explained in terms of strain created by the substitution of ions of unequal size into the "M" crystallographic position of these feldspars, the larger potassium ion creating the greater strain (see discussion in the previous paper, p. 685). Obviously, however, this argument could not explain the opposite asymmetry for the low albitemicrocline series. At this time it is probably better to accept the second interpretation above, especially in view of the fact that the statistical di-fferences between symmetric and asymmetric fits to the heat-ofsolution data are very small for both the low albitemicrocline and analbite-sanidine series. While alkali feldspar series may in fact possess asymmetric heats of mixing, they are not so grossly asymmetric that the sense of asymmetry is easily detected, as shown by the similarity of Figures 2a and 2b of the previous paper (p. 684), also by Figure 6 of Waldbaum and Robie (1971).
A Review of Behavioral Marital Counseling: Has Practice Tuned Out Theory?

Increasing attention is being paid to the use of operant conditioning procedures with marital dyads. These procedures have been derived largely from concepts and principles in social exchange and learning theories. This paper reflects a theoretical evaluation of the “behavior exchange model” as used in marital counseling. Current energies in this area seem to be focused on the further development of specific treatment models and techniques, without also taking into account the necessary theoretical parameters. An argument is made in favor of the need for additional theory testing and development. Existing research strategies and methodologies are also reviewed and several alternative strategies are suggested.
The Great Chain of History: William Buckland and the English School of Geology, by Nicolaas A. Rupke.

This volume presents a provocative and intriguing view of nineteenth century geology in England. The author chooses William Buckland as the leader of the "English School of Geology" which he presents as actively opposing and competing with the "Scottish School of Geology." Admitting that no English School of Geology has previously been defined, the author states that "the notion of British Geology does not allow for a historiography which is finegrained enough to do justice to Buckland and his circle." He follows this statement with a lengthy and frequently tedious attempt to justify and document his thesis.
“Πᾶσα μὲν ἡ ποίησις τῷ Ὁμήρῳ ἀρετῆς ἐστιν ἔπαινος”: Greek poetry and paideia in the homiletic tradition of Basil

Based on a reading of Basil’s Ad Adulescentes and the epistles, it is clear that Basil finds moral value in Homer and Hesiod. The trickier issue is to what extent Basil uses Homer and Hesiod in his...
Mathematical analysis and coordinated current allocation control in battery power module systems

Abstract As the major energy storage device and power supply source in numerous energy applications, such as solar panels, wind plants, and electric vehicles, battery systems often face the issue of charge imbalance among battery cells/modules, which can accelerate battery degradation, cause more energy loss, and even incur fire hazard. To tackle this issue, various circuit designs have been developed to enable charge equalization among battery cells/modules. Recently, the battery power module (BPM) design has emerged to be one of the promising solutions for its capability of independent control of individual battery cells/modules. In this paper, we propose a new current allocation method based on charging/discharging space (CDS) for performance control in BPM systems. Based on the proposed method, the properties of CDS-based current allocation with constant parameters are analyzed. Then, real-time external total power requirement is taken into account and an algorithm is developed for coordinated system performance control. By choosing appropriate control parameters, the desired system performance can be achieved by coordinating the module charge balance and total power efficiency. Besides, the proposed algorithm has complete analytical solutions, and thus is very computationally efficient. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using simulations.
Decentralized Reinforcement Learning Inspired by Multiagent Systems

Existence can perhaps be viewed an exercise of searching high-dimensional, rugged, and approximated (using training data) landscapes for (often time-delayed) rewards. Bounded rationality imposes limits on the success of solutions that can be found by agents acting alone, causing them to potentially get stuck in 'effective local minima'. To overcome these limits, agents can communicate and work together. Historically, machine learning problems and algorithms were far enough from these limits that all problems could be abstracted as a single agent/model which was optimizing a loss using signals from the environment. However, we are now entering an era where the theoretical and engineering insights from multiagent systems and collective intelligence are becoming, again, critical for the continued growth and usefulness of large-scale real-world machine learning. Theoretically, for example, modern reinforcement learning algorithms and problems are now high-dimensional and rugged enough that a collection of agents are often run in parallel (sometimes asynchronously) to speed up training because learning is fundamentally experience-based - the diversity and uniqueness of search trajectories of agents is of prime importance. Beyond reinforcement learning, machine learning models have gained from being trained as a collective through approaches ranging from student-teacher mechanisms (to transfer learning more effectively between agents), to population/evolutionary methods (to search more broadly the landscapes). Engineering-wise, because we are still far from replicating human intelligence, we must build better interfaces for how humans and algorithms could collaborate for increased performance. But because humans are known to have very low communication bandwidth and are prone to biases, work must be done to understand not only how humans learn individually (for which there is extensive neuroscience, cognitive science, etc) but also how they learn from each other - what kind of data and model approximations do they make (and the biases and ensue), what network topologies are best for collaboration or exploration, what cognitive models do they use to sample and update their beliefs, etc. For example, personal AI assistants need to be able to learn more seamlessly from humans interaction.
FDA Approval Summary: Midostaurin for the Treatment of Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis

In April 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted regular approval to midostaurin for the treatment of adult patients with aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM), systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN), or mast cell leukemia (MCL). Approval was based on results from CPKC412D2201, a single-arm trial of midostaurin (100 mg orally twice daily) in previously treated or untreated patients. For the patients with ASM and SM-AHN, efficacy was established on the basis of confirmed complete remission (CR) plus incomplete remission (ICR) by modified Valent criteria with six cycles of midostaurin. There were no CRs reported; ICR was achieved by 6 of 16 patients (38%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15%-65%) with ASM and by 9 of 57 patients (16%; 95% CI: 7%-28%) with SM-AHN. Within the follow-up period, the median duration of response was not reached for the patients with ASM (range, 12.1+ to 36.8+ months) or with SM-AHN (range, 6.6+ to 52.1+ months). For the patients with MCL, efficacy was established on the basis of confirmed CR using modified 2013 International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment-European Competence Network on Mastocytosis criteria. Of 21 patients with MCL, 1 (5%) achieved a CR. Of 142 patients with SM evaluated for safety, 56% had dose modifications for toxicity, and 21% discontinued treatment due to a toxicity. Over 50% reported nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, and ≥30% reported edema, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, abdominal pain, or upper respiratory tract infection. New or worsening grade ≥3 lymphopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia developed in ≥20%. Although midostaurin is an active drug for treatment of advanced SM, it is not clear that the optimal dose has been identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Midostaurin is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for patients with systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm and mast cell leukemia and is the only therapy approved for patients with aggressive systemic mastocytosis regardless of KIT D816V mutation status. Based on response rate and duration, midostaurin has meaningful clinical activity in these rare, life-threatening diseases.
Constructing an HSI Organizational Identity at Three Hispanic-Serving Institutions in the Midwest: Ideal versus Current Identity.

ABSTRACTAs the number of Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs; postsecondary institutions that enroll 25% or more Latinx students) in the United States increases annually, so does the need to theori...
Probability Analysis of Switching Events in Power Electronic Converters

This paper introduces a methodology for analyzing the behavior of power electronic converters using probability analysis based on a probability distribution function (pdf). The methodology is developed using both numerical and analytical techniques. The analytical pdf methodology is verified against the results from numerical computation using Monte Carlo simulations under a wide variety of operating conditions and different modulation schemes. The proposed pdf methodology has the advantage of a more comprehensive representation of the actual utilization of the power devices in real world usage, such as the power converters used in electrified vehicles. This statistical approach is applied to estimate both switching and conduction losses. The approach is shown to be computationally more efficient than numerical simulation to estimate the power converter losses.
Phantom interactions: Use odds ratios or risk misinterpreting occupancy models

Occupancy models rely on logistic regression approaches that use the logit link function for model fitting. Parameter estimates fitted on the logit scale are frequently back-transformed to the probability scale for interpretation. However, caution is necessary, because back-transformation from the linear logit scale to the bounded probability scale can yield statistical artifacts that could lead to spurious inferences. We discuss one such artifact that we term “phantom interactions”—that is, apparent but false interactions—where the effect size of an additive model parameter, when interpreted on the probability scale, appears to vary depending on the value of other model covariates. A recent paper published in The Condor: Ornithological Applications provides an example of this issue (Lee and Bond 2015). The paper's title and central conclusion state that estimated negative effects of fire and salvage logging on Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) site occupancy were large at sites where reproduction did not occur the previous year, but small (or “negligible”) at sites where reproduction did occur the previous year, suggesting breeding owls were resistant to disturbances. This implies the explicit modeling of a breeding state × disturbance interaction, but no interactive effects were present in the model used by the authors. A simple calculation of odds ratios (ORs) using data from the paper shows the modeled effects of fire and salvage logging on owls were, in fact, equivalent regardless of the previous year's reproductive state. Lee and Bond (2015) incorrectly concluded differential effects of fire and salvage logging on breeding versus nonbreeding owls because the effect for breeding owls occurred near a boundary on the probability scale, where a change on the logit corresponded to very small changes in probability. To avoid problematic inference, researchers should use ORs to interpret logistic regression and occupancy models.
Effect of Acid-Suppressive Strategies on Pazopanib Efficacy in Patients With Soft-Tissue Sarcoma

Pazopanib (PAZ), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), should not be administered with acid-suppressive medications (ASMs) due to decreased drug solubility. Common practice for patients requiring ASM with PAZ is to separate administration by 12 hours; however, there is little real-world evidence describing clinical outcomes using this strategy. The aim of this study was to determine whether concomitant ASM impacted efficacy and adverse event rates in patients with STS receiving PAZ. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients with STS who received PAZ from June 2011 to July 2017. Patients were stratified into two groups, PAZ with or without ASM (PAZ + ASM or PAZ only). The primary objective was to determine whether progression-free survival (PFS) differed between groups. Secondary objectives were to determine overall survival (OS) and occurrence of grade 3/4 toxicities. Ninety-one patients were included in the study, 42 patients in the PAZ + ASM group and 49 in the PAZ only group. Median PFS was significantly shorter in the PAZ + ASM group than the PAZ only group (5.3 vs. 6.7 months). The PAZ + ASM group also had a 74% higher relative risk of progression or death than the PAZ only group, but there was no difference in OS. Regarding adverse events, the PAZ + ASM group trended toward lower levels of grade 3/4 hypertension (19% vs. 37%). These results suggest that ASM should be avoided in patients with STS receiving PAZ. Larger studies are needed to further elucidate the impact of ASM use with PAZ in clinical practice.
Urban Regimes and the Policing of Strikes in Two Gilded Age Cities: New York and Chicago

Since the 1980s, scholars have argued that during the Gilded Age urban party machines incorporated working people through the use of patronage, informal provision of personal welfare, and limited concessions, thereby eliminating sustained labor and Socialist Party alternatives and keeping workers’ militancy and assertiveness confined to the workplace. That view is challenged by a historical comparison of the policing of labor disputes in New York and Chicago. In New York, organized workers were eliminated from the governing coalition of the Swallowtail-Kelly regime that succeeded the Tweed Ring, and police routinely used coercion to defeat strikes and intimidate Socialists. In Chicago, however, labor and Socialists were part of the governing coalition of the Carter Harrison regime, and the police took a hands-off stance in many strikes. This article explores the contrast in policing and the balance of social forces in the two cities and seeks to explain the differences by examining the political settlements that concluded Reconstruction, the ethnic makeup of each city's working classes, the different characteristics of each city's labor movement, and labor's ability to mount third-party challenges—all in the context of regional variations. It concludes that historians cannot assume that workers were incorporated into machines in this period.
Criminology Explains Police Violence: edited by Phillip Matthew Stinson Jr., Oakland, CA, University of California Press, 2020, 204 pp., $29.95 (eBook), ISBN: 978-0-52030-009-5

In his new book, Criminology Explains Police Violence, Stinson provides a comprehensive – yet concise – connection between the worlds of criminological theory and police misconduct.1 In a novel con...
Improved detection of focal cortical dysplasia using a novel 3D imaging sequence: Edge-Enhancing Gradient Echo (3D-EDGE) MRI.

Abstract Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) being one of the most common lesional causes. Detection of FCD by MRI is a major determinant of surgical outcome. Evolution of MRI sequences and hardware has greatly increased the detection rate of FCD, but these gains have largely been related to the more visible Type IIb FCD, with Type I and IIa remaining elusive. While most sequence improvements have relied on increasing contrast between gray and white matter, we propose a novel imaging approach, 3D Edge-Enhancing Gradient Echo (3D-EDGE), to directly image the gray-white boundary. By acquiring images at an inversion time where gray and white matter have equal signal but opposite phases, voxels with a mixture of gray and white matter (e.g., at the gray-white boundary) will have cancellation of longitudinal magnetization producing a thin area of signal void at the normal boundary. By creating greater sensitivity for minor changes in T1 relaxation, microarchitectural abnormalities present in FCD produce greater contrast than on other common MRI sequences. 3D-EDGE had a significantly greater contrast ratio between lesion and white matter for FCD compared to MP2RAGE (98% vs 17%; p = 0.0006) and FLAIR (98% vs 19%; p = 0.0006), which highlights its potential to improve outcomes in epilepsy. We present a discussion of the framework for 3D-EDGE, optimization strategies, and analysis of a series of FCDs to highlight the benefit of 3D-EDGE in FCD detection compared to commonly used sequences in epilepsy.
U.S. Income Taxation of New Financial Products

This paper discusses the response of the US federal income tax to financial innovation. Income taxation in the US and elsewhere has traditionally relied on distinction, such as the difference between fixed and contingent returns, that can be undermined by new financial products. The principal tax law responses to innovative products have been: (1) transactional analysis, which aggregates or disaggregates new transactions to conform them to existing legal categories, (2) taxation of changes in market value, rather than realization events, (3) taxation based on an assumed formula, and (4) anti-avoidance administrative procedures.