cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of feeding and feed deprivation on plasma concentrations of prolactin, insulin, growth hormone, and metabolites in horses.

Two experiments were conducted to determine 1) the prolactin response to different kinds of feedstuffs in stallions and 2) the effects of total feed deprivation on prolactin secretion in mares and its interaction with the prolactin response to feeding. Experiment 1 was performed with stallions as a 6 x 6 Latin square: A) no feed; B) pelleted feed fed to meet 82.5% of the horses' CP requirements; C) pelleted feed at 25% of the amount in B; D) pelleted feed as in B plus water ad libitum; E) cracked corn at the weight in B; and F) chopped alfalfa at the weight in B. The positive prolactin responses (P .1) daily prolactin secretion. Feeding of a meal on the 3rd d of deprivation increased (P < .05) plasma prolactin, insulin, and glucose concentrations similarly in all mares. There was a positive growth hormone response (P < .1) after feeding in feed-deprived mares but not in fed mares. The prolactin response (P < .001) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone was greater (P = .083) for feed-deprived mares than for controls, whereas the response to sulpiride (P < .001) only tended to differ (P = .16) between groups. We conclude that prolactin secretion may be stimulated by aspects of eating other than the feedstuff itself. Total feed deprivation had little effect on the subsequent prolactin response to a meal or to other known secretagogues.
Comparison of carcass composition, performance, and tissue deposition rates among breeds of swine

23 Introduction 24 Materials and Methods 25 Results and Discussion 28 Literature Cited 35 CHAPTER 5. GENERAL SUMMARY 54 CHAPTER 6. REFERENCES CITED 56 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 59
Other Proposed Criteria

Popular support, ability and will to fulfil international obligations, and legitimacy do not exhaust the list of proposed additional criteria for recognition as a government. Legal scholars and policy-makers have also considered nondependence on foreign support in the exercise of control (‘local origins’), respect for other states’ rights, origins in conformity with international law, and respect for human rights. The first three were already discussed in the nineteenth century, and fitted comfortably with the prevailing view that states were the only entities having legal rights and duties, and legal capacity to act, under international law. The fourth is a twentieth-century development resting on newer beliefs that the protection of international law should extend to individuals and groups.
Land system architecture for urban sustainability: new directions for land system science illustrated by application to the urban heat island problem

ABSTRACTLand system science (LSS) has expanded its research focus from the drivers of land-use and -cover change primarily in rural wildlands to include the social-environmental consequences of this change, urban areas, and sustainability practice. Land system architecture, interacting with the landscape mosaic approach in ecology, offers a special niche for the entry of rural areas and wildlands into urban sustainability research through examinations of the composition and configuration of ‘cityscapes’. Given the fine-grain data requirements of heterogeneous cityscapes, emergent land architecture-mosaic approaches have largely explored the urban heat island (UHI) problem, a topic that links LSS with the interests of urban climatology, engineering, and planning in city morphology or geometry. The subtle distinctions in the treatment of land configuration between land architecture-mosaic approaches and urban morphology-geometry approaches are identified. Several examples of the land architecture-mosaic app...
Application of neural networks to lesion detection in SPECT

An artificial, single-layer, feedforward neural network was developed for lesion detection in single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images. The network has 121 input nodes and one output node. A backpropagation algorithm with a sigmoid activation function is used for its supervised learning. The diagnostic performance of the neural network is studied at various noise levels for different numbers of training images using receiver operating characteristics analysis. Three noise levels (30000, 50000, and 100000 counts/slice) were used. At each noise level two training data sets (one with 40 and one with 200 simulated SPECT images) and a testing data set (200 SPECT images unknown to the trained network) were generated. The diagnostic task was the detection of a cold lesion 1.0 cm in radius at a known location of the image. The neural network trained quickly and accurately in all cases. Network convergence to a minimum in cumulative squared error was easy to achieve regardless of the noise level or the number of training images. However, the performance of the network as a decision maker for lesion detection on new images was very much affected by the number of training images. When trained with a sufficiently large number of images the performance of the network was significantly improved, particularly in the low count (high noise) case. >
Study of Intra- and Interjob Interference on Torus Networks

Network contention between concurrently running jobs on HPC systems is a primary cause of performance variability. Optimizing job allocation and avoiding network sharing are hence crucial to alleviate the potential performance degradation. In order to do so effectively, an understanding of the interference among concurrently running jobs, their communication patterns, and contention in the network is required. In this work, we choose three representative HPC applications from the DOE Design Forward Project and conduct detailed simulations on a torus network model to analyze both intra-and interjob interference. By scrutinizing the communication behaviors of these applications, we identify relationships between these behaviors and the possible interference introduced by different job placement policies. Our analyses illuminate a path toward communication pattern awareness in job placement on HPC systems.
Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Increased Risk of Substance Use Disorder Relapse: A Nationally Representative, Prospective Longitudinal Investigation

Objective Little is known about the relationship between cigarette smoking and long-term outcomes for substance use disorder (SUD). The current study examined the association between smoking and SUD relapse among adults with remitted SUDs. Methods Analyses were conducted on respondents who completed Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions and met DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse and dependence prior to but not during the year before the Wave 1 interview (n = 5,515). Relationships between smoking status (Wave 2 smoking vs nonsmoking among Wave 1 smokers; Wave 2 smoking vs nonsmoking among Wave 1 nonsmokers) and Wave 2 substance use and SUD relapse were examined using logistic regression analyses. Analyses were adjusted for demographics, psychiatric and alcohol use disorders, nicotine dependence, and SUD severity. Results In the fully adjusted models, continued smoking at Wave 2 among Wave 1 smokers was associated with significantly greater odds of substance use (OR = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.10-2.20) and SUD relapse (OR = 2.02, 95% CI, 1.65-2.47) compared to Wave 2 nonsmoking. In the fully adjusted model, smoking at Wave 2 among Wave 1 nonsmokers was associated with significantly greater odds of SUD relapse compared to Wave 2 nonsmoking (OR = 4.86, 95% CI, 3.11-7.58). Conclusions Continued smoking among smokers and smoking initiation among nonsmokers were associated with greater odds of SUD relapse. More research is needed to examine the timing of SUD relapse in relation to smoking behaviors. Incorporating smoking cessation and prevention efforts into substance abuse treatment may improve long-term substance use outcomes for adult smokers with SUDs.
A dictionary based generalization of robust PCA

We analyze the decomposition of a data matrix, assumed to be a superposition of a low-rank component and a component which is sparse in a known dictionary, using a convex demixing method. We provide a unified analysis, encompassing both undercomplete and overcomplete dictionary cases, and show that the constituent components can be successfully recovered under some relatively mild assumptions up to a certain global sparsity level. Further, we corroborate our theoretical results by presenting empirical evaluations in terms of phase transitions in rank and sparsity for various dictionary sizes.
Survey of Voyager plasma science ions at Jupiter: 2. Heavy ions

We take the plasma parameters derived by Bagenal et al. [2017] from Voyager PLS data in the jovian magnetosphere and examine the radial profiles of density, temperature, composition and azimuthal flow. The plasma sheet shows a relatively uniform structure of decreasing electron density (Ne) and increasing temperature out to about 20 RJ but beyond about 15 RJ there is increasing disorder with sporadic blobs of cold plasma. These small (~0.5 RJ) blobs of cold (~20 eV) plasma make a minor contribution to the net outward flux of iogenic plasma. The ion composition in the cold blobs is consistent with the ion abundances derived from physical chemistry models extending from 6 to ~9 RJ whereupon the collisional reactions slow down and radial transport speeds up, effectively freezing in the ion composition to the following abundances: O+/Ne=15-22%, S++/Ne =10-19%, O++/Ne =4-8%, S+++/Ne =4-6%, S+/Ne=1-5%. Beyond about 7 RJ the component of hot (supra-thermal, ~100s eV) ions becomes a significant fraction of the total density. The radial profile of the plasma's azimuthal flow speed shows that corotation begins to breakdown at about 9 RJ, dipping down to about 20% below corotation before increasing back up to corotation briefly (~17-20 RJ), reaching an asymptotic value of about 225 km/s (corresponding to rigid corotation at ~18 RJ). We present a 2-D model of the plasma sheet beyond 6 RJ based on simple functions for the equatorial profiles of plasma properties and steady-state diffusive equilibrium along magnetic flux tubes.
REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK DENGAN MODEL UNIFIED PROCESS STUDI KASUS: SISTEM INFORMASI JOURNAL

In the era of object oriented programming, the analysis models of structured approaches is start to be left behind, because it is no longer relevan with object-oriented paradigm. Nowadays who become the standard of analysis and design of object-oriented system is Unified Modeling Language (UML). However UML is just notations, it doesn’t provide a framework to work in software engineering. The Unified Proces which proposed by Rumbaugh and friends, is a framework for object-oriented software engineering.
Low-grade blunt hepatic injury and benefits of intensive care unit monitoring

Abstract Background We investigated low-grade, hemodynamically normal BHI associated with any of three interventions indicating ICU observation. Methods BHI between 01/01/96-6/30/14 were reviewed. Two groups included: Group A (BHI grades 1–3) with normal initial systolic BP and Group B (all other BHI). Interventions necessitating ICU observation were defined with three criteria: PRC transfusion within 24 h, angiography, or laparotomy. Between group and Group A subgroup outcomes were reported. Results Group A (n = 1088) had lower ISS, LOS, PRCs transfused, and mortality (p Conclusions Hemodynamic stability is insufficient as a sole criterion for safe admission of low-grade BHI to a non-ICU environment.
A Retrospective Look at Basement Control on Younger Structures

The relationship between younger folded and faulted rocks and underlying crystalline basements has long intrigued structural geologists. The presence of this heterogeneous, anisotropic basement led to the appearance of propositions that many basement structures acted as mechanical anisotropies or zones of weakness during later deformation. Such features as shear zones, fractures, faults, foliation, and layering were cited as having been reactivated.
Impact of a laser service line for burn scar on a dedicated burn OR's flow and productivity

Our group began performing erbium-YAG 2940 wavelength fractional resurfacing of burn scar in our burn center's dedicated burn operating room (OR) in January 2016. The impact of these procedures on the performance of a mature, dedicated burn OR is unknown. All burn OR cases performed between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 served as a pre-laser (PRE-LSR) historical control. A postintervention cohort of laser-only cases (LSR) performed between January 1, 2016 and August 17, 2016 was then identified. PRE-LSR and LSR cases were retrospectively reviewed for OR component times, and work relative value units (wRVU) billed. A total of 628 burn OR cases were done in 2015 (PRE-LSR), while 488 burn OR cases were done between January 1 and August 17, 2016. Of these 488, 59 cases were LSR (12.1%). Calculated on a monthly basis, significantly more cases were done per day in the LSR era (2.2 ± 0.4 cases/d) than PRE-LSR (1.6 ± 2.0 cases/d; P < .0001). The LSR group was significantly shorter than the PRE-LSR group for all OR component times (induction, prep, and procedure all P < .0001; transport out, P = .01; room turnover, P = .004). Aggregate OR component time was 79.2 ± 33.4 minutes for LSR and 157.5 ± 65.0 minutes for PRE-LSR (P < .0001). LSR yielded 6.9 ± 3.2 wRVU/h, while PRE-LSR generated 12.2 ± 8.9 wRVU/h (P < .0001). Despite significantly shorter OR component times and more cases being done per day, laser treatment of burn scar using a single 17108 Current Procedural Terminology code cuts wRVUs generated per hour in a mature burn OR roughly in half.
Acute Otitis Media in Children

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common disease of early childhood that leads to numerous physicians’ visits and antibiotic prescriptions each year. Acute otitis media generally has a favorable natural history, but in rare cases can lead to severe complications. Although AOM can affect any age group, it is most commonly diagnosed in children 6 months to 5 years of age. The recommended management of AOM includes analgesics with either antibiotic therapy or cautious observation without immediate antibiotics in appropriately selected cases. The treatment of AOM continues to evolve as practice guidelines reflect our improved understanding of treatment outcomes, natural history, host factors, and recent changes in microbiology.
Situational Assessment and Intervention

There is evident now a rich renewal of development in situation theory and of the situational approach within a comprehensive, eclectic framework for practice
Market pioneering and competitive positioning strategy

Market pioneering and competitive positioning strategy are fundamentally related. Positioning is a crucial strategic decision for pioneers or brands that compete with them because pioneers often dominate competition, sometimes for decades. Successful strategy design requires an understanding of how and why pioneers influence competition so greatly for so long. This paper reviews theories of pioneering advantage, with an emphasis on recent developments, to suggest testable implications for competitive positioning strategies for early and late entrants, as well as other directions for future research.
Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in myelofibrosis

Urinary hydroxyproline measurements were performed in a group of health volunteers as well as patients with cancer and myelofibrosis. Patients in whom there was no metastatic involvement of bone marrow excreted an amount of hydroxyproline not different from that of the control group. Those who had marrow metastasis produced elevated levels of hydroxyproline; the highest excretions were observed when marrow fibrosis was associated with metastasis. These results contrasted with those observed in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia patients whose excretions were equivalent to the control group. The result suggests differences in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis and a technique potentially useful for distinguishing between patients who may otherwise be diagnostic problems.
Personal Ethnic Rhinoplasty Technique

Even the primary ethnic rhinoplasty provides challenges and demands an arsenal of grafting and reduction techniques rivaling the most difficult of secondary nonethnic cases. Having tried a variety of these techniques over the years, I came to the following conclusions: Rib or conchal cartilage grafts generally lead to postoperative bending or curling, particularly in the dorsum. This postoperative curling is well confirmed in laboratory and clinical settings by measuring the cartilage’s internal stresses. Septal cartilage, on the other hand, has proven ideal for dorsal grafts because of its ability to retain its inherent shape and straightness (unless otherwise cut, scored, or torsioned). Bone grafts are ideal as a second source for dorsal grafting.
"Is This a Chapter Book?": Parent-Involved Categorization in a Kindergarten Classroom Book Collection

AbstractMany primary school classrooms have book collections. Most teachers organize and maintain these collections by themselves, although some involve students in the processes. This qualitative study considers a third approach, parent-involved categorization, to understand how people without library or education training categorize books. We observed and interviewed parents and a teacher who worked together to categorize books in a kindergarten classroom. They employed multiple orthogonal organizing principles, felt that working collaboratively made the task less overwhelming, solved difficult problems pragmatically, organized books primarily to facilitate retrieval by the teacher, and left lumping and splitting decisions to the teacher.
Biblical, Legal, and Miltonic Influences in Melville's Redburn

This article traces the debate between legal positivism and natural law in Herman Melville’s novel, Redburn. In addition, it demonstrates how Melville used contemporary laws, customs, and legal opinions to help dramatically portray the effects of those often diametrically opposed philosophies. Finally, the analysis demonstrates how Melville used the dramatic structure of John Milton’s Paradise Lost to help portray the class struggles aboard the ship, the Highlander. The literary architecture of Paradise Lost permitted Melville to develop a physical world on the ship that paralleled the philosophical products of legal positivism, natural law, and the American transcendental movement.
Technical Aspects and Administration Methods of 177Lu-DOTATATE for Nuclear Medicine Technologists

At Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Arizona, we have gained valuable knowledge of the different infusion methods for 177Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Methods: Our nuclear medicine department has used 2 different methods of administration: the gravity infusion method and the infusion pump protocol. Results: Our experience with the gravity infusion method allowed us to identify problematic aspects and led us to search for and implement the infusion pump protocol. Conclusion: The pump protocol ensures that the infusion of 177Lu-DOTATATE is safe and delivers a consistent dose to every patient.
Glutamine synthetase in avian muscle contributes to a positive myogenic response to ammonia compared with mammalian muscle

In mammalian models of cirrhosis, plasma ammonia concentration increases, having numerous adverse effects, including sarcopenia. The objective of this study was to identify differences between avia...
Justin Thomas at Shining Star Academy (a)

When Justin Thomas began as principal of Shining Star Academy, an elementary school in Alabama, the school had been failing for eight years and was in serious risk of state takeover. One of Thomas's innovations was to implement data-driven instruction, but teachers struggled to change their routines. As hard as everyone was working, progress was minimal after a year. Thomas was heartbroken, and he didn't know what else to try. This case is used at Darden in executive programs for leaders in education and second-year MBA courses on leading change. It would also be suitable in courses covering data-driven instruction, school transformation, leadership, and change processes. Excerpt UVA-OB-1269 Dec. 12, 2018 Justin Thomas at Shining Star Academy (A) Shining Star Academy in Akron, Alabama—which served 310 students in pre-K to third grade—had been a failing school for eight years running. Identified by the superintendent as in a cluster of 10 schools that required transformation, Shining Star was in serious risk of state takeover. Before Principal Justin Thomas arrived, the school had struggled to promote a positive climate and build student engagement, and it lacked a structured process to train and support teachers. Instruction methods were based on exposure rather than mastery. Thomas had to start from scratch because the school had been reconstituted, which meant all teachers and staff were terminated. He needed to hire everyone from cafeteria workers to teachers to his leadership team. He was looking for people who had a vision for the school that complemented his own and who shared a sense of urgency about the project of school transformation. Unfortunately, Thomas soon realized that the available teachers had neither strong content expertise nor a notable track record of achieving results. . . .
ATM Loss Confers Greater Sensitivity to ATR Inhibition than PARP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer

Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) genes are common in advanced prostate tumors and are associated with unique genomic and clinical features. ATM is a DDR kinase that has a central role in coordinating DNA repair and cell-cycle response following DNA damage, and ATM alterations are present in approximately 5% of advanced prostate tumors. Recently, inhibitors of PARP have demonstrated activity in advanced prostate tumors harboring DDR gene alterations, particularly in tumors with BRCA1/2 alterations. However, the role of alterations in DDR genes beyond BRCA1/2 in mediating PARP inhibitor sensitivity is poorly understood. To define the role of ATM loss in prostate tumor DDR function and sensitivity to DDR-directed agents, we created a series of ATM-deficient preclinical prostate cancer models and tested the impact of ATM loss on DNA repair function and therapeutic sensitivities. ATM loss altered DDR signaling, but did not directly impact homologous recombination function. Furthermore, ATM loss did not significantly impact sensitivity to PARP inhibition but robustly sensitized to inhibitors of the related DDR kinase ATR. These results have important implications for planned and ongoing prostate cancer clinical trials and suggest that patients with tumor ATM alterations may be more likely to benefit from ATR inhibitor than PARP inhibitor therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: ATM loss occurs in a subset of prostate tumors. This study shows that deleting ATM in prostate cancer models does not significantly increase sensitivity to PARP inhibition but does sensitize to ATR inhibition.See related commentary by Setton and Powell, p. 2085.
Management and Outcomes of Diverticulitis After Lung Transplantation

Introduction:Most lung transplant patients are older than 50 years. Complications from colonic diverticula are not uncommon, especially with chronic immunosuppression. However, limited data exist r...
Making the health system work for the delivery of nutrition interventions

Addressing malnutrition requires strategies that are comprehensive and multi-sectoral. Within a multi-sectoral approach, the health system is essential to deliver 10 nutrition-specific interventions, which, if scaled up, could substantially reduce under-5 deaths in high-burden countries through improving maternal and child undernutrition. This study identifies the health system components required for the effective delivery of these interventions, highlighting opportunities and challenges for nutrition programmes and policies. We reviewed implementation guidance for each nutrition-specific intervention, mapping the delivery process for each intervention and determining the health system components required for their delivery. We integrated the components into a single health systems framework for nutrition, illustrating the pathways by which health system components influence household-level determinants of nutrition and individual-level health outcomes. Nutrition-specific interventions are typically delivered in one of four ways: (i) when nutrition interventions are intentionally sought out, (ii) when care is sought for other, unrelated interventions, (iii) at a health facility after active community case finding and referral, and (iv) in the community after active community case finding. A health system enables these processes by providing health services and facilitating care seeking for services, which together require a skilled and motivated health workforce, an effective supply chain, demand for services and access to services. The nutrition community should consider the processes by which nutrition-specific interventions are delivered and the health system components required for their success. Programmes should encourage the delivery of nutrition interventions at every client-provider interaction and should actively generate demand for services-in general, and for nutrition services specifically.
Politique et confréries au Maghreb et en Afrique de l’Ouest: edited by Odile Moreau and Pierre Vermeren, Paris, Claire Maisonneuve, 2018, 232 pp., €46 (softcover), ISBN 978-2-7200-1221-1

The tombs of ‘saints’ (Ar. murabit/ Fr. marabout) and the shrine complexes (Ar. sing. zawiya) often associated with them are a common sight throughout the rural and urban landscape of North and Wes...
Outcomes Associated With State Policies Enabling Provision of Oral Health Services in Medical Offices Among Medicaid-enrolled Children.

Background To increase receipt of preventive oral health services (POHS), all state Medicaid programs have enacted policies to encourage nondental providers to deliver POHS in medical offices. This study examined if these Medicaid policies improved oral health, as measured by reductions in dental visits with treatment and preventable emergency department (ED) visits for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDC). Methods Using data on children aged 6 months to up to 6 years from 38 state Medicaid programs during 2006-2014, we used a generalized difference-in-differences estimation approach to examine the probability of a child having, in a year, any dental visits with caries-related treatment and any ED visits for NTDC, conditional on length of policy enactment. Models included additional child-level and county-level characteristics, state and year fixed effects, probability weights, and clustered standard errors. Results Among a weighted sample of 45,107,240 child/year observations, 11.7% had any dental visits with treatment and 0.2% had any ED visits for NTDC annually. Children in states with and without medical POHS policies had similar odds of having any dental visits with treatment, regardless of length of policy enactment. Children in states with medical POHS policies enacted for one or more years had significantly greater odds of having any ED visits for NTDC (P Conclusions State policies making POHS available in medical offices did not affect rates of dental visits with caries-related treatment, but were associated with increased rates of potentially avoidable ED visits for NTDC. Findings suggest that many young Medicaid-enrollees lack access to dentists.
Acceptability and Use of a Dual HIV/Syphilis Rapid Test and Accompanying Smartphone App to Facilitate Self- and Partner-Testing Among Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men.

At home self- and partner-testing may reduce HIV and syphilis transmission by detecting undiagnosed infections. Forty-eight cisgender men and transgender women who men who have sex with men were given ten INSTI Multiplex kits and downloaded the SMARTtest app to facilitate self- and partner testing over the next three months. Thirty-seven (77%) participants self-tested using the INSTI (mean = 3.7 times, SD = 3.9); 26 (54%) tested partners (mean = 1.6 times, SD = 2.2). Participants liked the test for its ease of use, quick results, and dual HIV/syphilis testing but its blood-based nature hindered use with partners. Participants with reactive syphilis results always attributed them to a past infection and these results presented a challenge to testing with partners and the ability to accurately assess risk of infection. Most participants stated they would use the INSTI for self-testing (100%) and for partner-testing (89%). Acceptability of the SMARTtest app was high for functionality (M = 4.16 of max 5, SD = 0.85) and helpfulness (M = 6.12 of max 7, SD = 1.09). Participants often used the app as needed, eschewing its use if they felt comfortable conducting the test and interpreting its results. Seventy-eight percent would recommend the app to a friend. Availability of the INSTI Multiplex as a self-test with the accompanying SMARTtest app might increase frequency of HIV and syphilis testing, allowing for earlier detection of infection and reduced transmission.
Linguistic Disparities in Child Health and Presence of a Medical Home Among US Latino Children.

Abstract Objectives The impact of household language on Latino-White and Latino intragroup disparities in child health and having a medical home in the US is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine these disparities (1) between Whites and Latinos (overall and stratified by English-primary-language [EPL] and non-English-primary-language [NEPL] households); (2) within Latinos, stratified by household language; and (3) potential moderation of disparities by social determinants. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative sample of children 0-17 years old from the 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health. We evaluated associations of child race/ethnicity and household language with child health and presence of a medical home. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare groups of interest, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health needs. Moderation was assessed using interaction terms for household income, parental educational attainment, and child insurance coverage. Results Among 81,514 children, 13.5% were NEPL Latino, and 19.4% were EPL Latino. Compared with EPL Whites, both EPL and NEPL Latinos had reduced excellent/very good health (aOR:0.70; 95%CI: 0.58-0.84; and aOR:0.42; 95%CI: 0.33-0.53) and presence of a medical home (aOR:0.62; 95%CI: 0.56-0.69; and aOR:0.45; 95%CI: 0.37-0.54), respectively. Among Latinos, NEPL (vs. EPL) was also associated with reduced excellent/very good health (aOR:0.61; 95%CI: 0.46-0.83), and presence of a medical home (aOR:0.66; 95%CI: 0.48-0.78); these associations were magnified by adverse social determinants. Conclusions Striking Latino-White and within-Latino medical-home disparities persist in the US, particularly for NEPL Latino children. Interventions should target social determinants and the rich sociocultural and linguistic diversity of the Latino population.
El proceso de suburbanización del cordón oeste metropolitano de Rosario: Ideas de ciudad

Las aglomeraciones urbanas actuales han integrado espacial y funcionalmente a las ciudades proximas, mediante un proceso de transformacion territorial caracterizado por la expansion urbana dispersa. La suburbanizacion resulta hoy uno de los principales patrones de desarrollo de las grandes ciudades. El caso de estudio se presenta como una estribacion metropolitana de la ciudad de Rosario, que configura al Cordon Oeste Metropolitano, y ha experimentado un proceso de suburbanizacion vinculado con las expansiones urbanas de la ciudad central, que comenzo a principios de los anos 60 y se intensifico en los anos 90. Este cordon ofrece un area de esparcimiento, recreacion y descanso debido a sus condiciones naturales y a su gran forestacion. Su proceso se concreto mediante sucesivas operaciones inmobiliarias, ventas de loteos de fin de semana o viviendas permanentes y la incorporacion de nuevas urbanizaciones de tipo cerrado, en donde se presentan caracteristicas propias del modelo de ciudad jardin.
Safety and the True–True Problem

Standard accounts of semantics for counterfactuals confront the true–true problem: when the antecedent and consequent of a counterfactual are both actually true, the counterfactual is automatically true. This problem presents a challenge to safety-based accounts of knowledge. In this paper, drawing on work by Angelika Kratzer, Alan Penczek, and Duncan Pritchard, we propose a revised understanding of semantics for counterfactuals utilizing machinery from generalized quantifier theory which enables safety theorists to meet the challenge of the true–true problem.
Personal pension plans and stock market volatility

One of the strongest objections to personal pension plans is that they transfer investment risk to individual workers, who are then exposed to the vagaries of equity and bond markets. Using historical United States data, the authors investigate the impact of the volatility of investment returns on replacement rates in the context of personal pension plans. They find large fluctuations in replacement rates across different cohorts of workers, if undiversified portfolios are used. They then explore a number of simple financial strategies for coping with this problem, including: a) portfolio diversification; b) a late, gradual shift to bonds; c) a gradual purchase of nominal or real annuities; d) a purchase of variable annuities. The first three strategies lower the volatility of replacement rates, but at significant cost in terms of lower replacement rates. The purchase of variable annuities reduces the dispersion of replacement rates across generations without lowering their level - because of the persistence of the equity premium and the fact that the volatility of equity returns is lower, the longer the holding period. Sophisticated financial engineering promises more efficient solutions to this problem, but it may not be feasible to apply it in developing countries (or in developing financial markets). Neither authors' approach nor the more sophisticated financial engineering solutions would be able to deal effectively with persistent deviations of investment returns from long trends. But the authors' findings suggest that overconcern about the impact on replacement rates of short-term volatility in stock markets may not be warranted.
Chapter 11 Molecular Modeling of the Structural Properties and Formation of High-Density Lipoprotein Particles

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the molecular modeling of the structural properties and formation of high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL). Molecular modeling and relatively short all-atom molecular dynamics simulations have been used for the past decade to generate detailed atomic structures of discoidal HDL particles, such as the picket-fence and double-belt models. However, it has not been until recently, with the increased computational abilities of molecular dynamics programs such as not another molecular dynamics program (NAMD), that the true dynamic properties of HDL particles have been examined. It is through this increased sampling, starting with the all-atom simulations ranging to tens of nanoseconds of discoidal HDL particles and the removal of lipids, followed by the dramatically increased sampling provided for by coarse-grained simulations of multiple microseconds that light has been shed on how these amphipathic helical apo A-I proteins collect lipids and form discoidal HDL particles. The next step of the overall research program will be to examine the discoidal to spherical transformation of HDL particles, and the resulting structure of the spherical particles. For nanodiscs, the factors important to self-assembly have been determined through the use of combined computational and experimental data.
High-Resolution Transmission Measurements of 233U Using a Cooled Sample at the Temperature T=11 K

For the first time, high-resolution transmission data of {sup 233}U have been obtained using a cooled sample. The samples were cooled to T = 11 K using a cryogenic device, which reduced the Doppler broadening of resonances by 50% compared to room-temperature measurements. The measurements were carried out at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator over the energy range from 0.6 eV to 300 keV at the 80-m flight path station. Corrections were made for experimental effects, and the average total cross section in this energy range was determined. Results are compared to previous measurements.
Effect of Antibiotic Therapy and Etiologic Microorganism on the Risk of Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Occult Bacteremia

Objective. To quantify the effect of antibiotic therapy on the probability of subsequent bacterial meningitis in children with fever without source treated as outpatients. Design. Bayesian meta-analyses. Reports included. All reports of the organism-specific prevalence of occult bacteremia in children with fever without source treated as outpatients, and the organism-specific prevalence of subsequent meningitis in children with occult bacteremia initially treated as outpatients stratified by type of antibiotic therapy. Results. The mean probabilities of subsequent meningitis in children with occult bacteremia were 9.8%, 8.2%, and 0.3% in the no antibiotic, oral antibiotic, and parenteral antibiotic therapy groups, respectively. All cases of bacterial meningitis in children with occult bacteremia treated with oral antibiotics were due to Haemophilus influenzae. There were no cases of culture-positive bacterial meningitis in 139 bacteremic children treated with ceftriaxone (mean probability, 0.3%; 95% confidence interval, 0.0% to 1.5%). The mean probabilities of bacterial meningitis in a child with fever without source treated as an outpatient without antibiotics were: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.21%; and H influenzae, 0.06%. Conclusions. Antibiotic therapy is effective in preventing meningitis in children at risk of occult bacteremia.
Stored Ion Spectroscopy

Since the development of the three-dimensional quadrupole trap(1.2) and its introduction into atomic physics in the late 1950s, most applications have relied on the charge-to-mass selective storage feature of this device. It is therefore being used as a mass spectrometer(3) but, in spectroscopy, also as an ideal tool to suspend charged particles, such as ions, ion molecules, and electrons, in ultrahigh vacuum for long periods of time. This last feature is the subject matter of this chapter. The long storage time, combined with the almost complete isolation from environmental perturbations, leads to the high intrinsic accuracy and precision inherent in the spectroscopy of stored ions. The state of the art of three-dimensional quadrupole ion traps and of their application to high-resolution spectroscopy will be described. This field was pioneered by H. G. Dehmelt, who also reviewed(4) the subject in 1967 and 1969. Several new developments have evolved since then and will be discussed here.
Micro separation and determination of mammalian acidic glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)

Abstract The determination of individual GAG in a mixture based on differential solubilization of the GAG-CPC complexes from a cellulose micro column (1) has been examined. The method has permitted separation of 100 μg of GAG into seven reproducible fractions which were analyzed directly for uronic acid. Analyses of 20 samples were readily completed in a day. Over-all recovery and reproducibility of each GAG fraction were within ±3 μg uronic acid. Each fraction was nominally identified with one of the eight defined mammalian GAG. The distributions of GAG in a variety of connective tissues, as analyzed by this method, were similar to those reported in the literature based on classical methods of separation. Factors that might compromise the identification of a fraction with a specific GAG were considered and studied. The application of supplementary methods to the fractions which make the characterization of the GAG more reliable was demonstrated.
Bone marrow depression associated with acute colchicine toxicity in the presence of hepatic dysfunction.

A case of carcinoma of the pancreas with obstructive jaundice and chronic tophaceous gout is presented. During an 11-day period 14 mg of colchicine were administered as a prophylactic measure. Gastro-intestinal and neurologic symptoms, hypoplasia of the bone marrow, prostration and death resulted. It is suggested that there may be delayed excretion and cumulative toxicity of the drug in patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Enhancement of short-term retention by appetitive-reinforcer reminder treatment

Choice accuracy by rats in a delayed-alternation paradigm was shown to decrease over a 120-sec retention interval. The decrement in choice accuracy was reversed by presentation of the appetitive reinforcer outside of the apparatus during the retention interval. This suggests that the reinforcer served to reactivate the target spatial memory and that the short-term retention deficit in the absence of such memory reactivation was not due to a loss of information. The results are discussed with respect to recent criticisms of memory-reactivation treatments in short-term retention tasks.
Comparative toxicity of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos: Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas

This study was done to characterize responses of Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard and Pimephales promelas Rafinesque exposed to aqueous solutions of chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) and chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate). Chlorothalonil (a fungicide) and chlorpyrifos (an insecticide) are intensely used in agricultural, silvicultural, and urban settings. These pesticides may enter aquatic systems through several pathways including rainfall runoff. C. dubia and P. promelas have been used to monitor surface waters and discern the effects of pesticides that contaminate those waters. Modified static renewal exposures (7 or 10 days) with individual solutions of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos were used to obtain mortality data for C. dubia and P. promelas, from which potency curves were derived, as well as sublethal effects data (reproduction or growth). In these experiments P. promelas was more sensitive to chlorothalonil, and C. dubia was more sensitive to chlorpyrifos. Lower and upper thresholds (i.e., LC0 and LC100) for 7-day P. promelas exposures to chlorothalonil were 14.4 and 30.8 μg/L, respectively, in contrast to the lower and upper threshold values, 103 and 210 μg/L, respectively, for C. dubia. Ten-day exposures of C. dubia to chlorpyrifos resulted in lower and upper threshold values of 0.05 and 0.09 μg/L, whereas 10-day exposures of P. promelas to chlorpyrifos yielded threshold values of 26 and 274 μg/L. The results of this study illustrated differences in species' sensitivities to chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos as well as differences in the duration of the exposure necessary to illustrate effects that might be elicited from pesticide exposures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 503–512, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10091
the relationship between elements and manifestations of low self-control in a general theory of crime: two comments and a test

I discuss two issues about the empirical assessment of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) general theory of crime. First, regarding the internal validity of corresponding causal models, I argue that more attention must be paid to the distinction between independent and dependent variables (elements versus manifestations of low self-control). Second, regarding the interpretation of statistical results, I argue that researchers should not lose sight of the distinction between statistical and substantive significance. I also report a test of the theory based on data from a representative sample of high school seniors in the United States. The results of the test show that low self-control is a correct and certain, yet weak, predictor of certain deviant behaviors (skipping class, traffic violations, cigarette smoking, and the use of alcohol and marijuana).
American Pediatric Society's 2006 John Howland Award acceptance lecture.

I am most grateful to the American Pediatric Society for honoring this happily converted internist who saw the light thanks to the wisdom and encouragement of the late Horace Hodes, whom I had the pleasure of introducing for his Howland Award in 1982 (1,2). I am equally grateful for your honoring a geneticist, only the second, the first being Barton Childs in 1989 (3). He has been a role model for me since my getting into the field in 1956. There hasn't been a dull day since then.
What we have learned from the study of learning in the leech.

The use of invertebrate preparations has contributed greatly to our understanding of the neural basis of learning. The leech is especially useful for studying behavioral changes and their underlying neuronal mechanisms. Learning in the leech is essentially identical to that found in other animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate. Using anatomical and physiological techniques on leeches as they learn, we have begun to characterize the properties of individual neurons and neuronal networks that play a role in learning. We have been able to show two neuronal mechanisms that have not been previously associated with associative conditioning. The first has to do with the importance of contingency: one stimulus [the conditional stimulus (CS)] becomes associated with a second stimulus [the unconditional stimulus, (US)] in proportion to the ability of the CS to predict the US. We have found that important properties for encoding predictability, such as circuit reconfiguration, may lie in the US pathway. The firing of the serotonergic Retzius cells is taken as the US; consistent CS prediction of a US prevents “dropout” of a critical component of one US pathway. Throughout training, predicted USs continue to elicit a barrage of action potentials in these cells. Recurring unpredicted USs degrade both the learning and the response of the Retzius cell to the US. A second insight is that at least two US pathways contribute to learning, the Retzius cell pathway and the nociceptive (N) cell pathway. This second pathway persists after the elimination of the Retzius cell pathway. The observation of multiple US pathways raises a host of issues concerning CS–US convergence and the functional significance of distinct US pathways, and our results are discussed in terms of implications to current models of learning. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The layered prisoners' dilemma: Ingroup versus macro-efficiency

In the N-prisoners' dilemma (NPD), cooperation produces ingroup efficiency. But if ingroup gains from cooperation are less than outgroup losses, then macro-efficiency for the collectivity (defined as ingroup plus outgroup) is harmed. We call this situation a layered prisoners' dilemma (LPD). The LPD models diverse real world situations — from OPEC's effect on consumers to interest groups' effect on citizens.