cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Reporting of Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Programs.

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses the special issue of the journal which examines the impacts of American adolescent pregnancy prevention programs on behavioral outcomes and funding by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Adolescent Health.
A novel method for antenna phase center calibration

In many antenna application cases, the phase center is not an important parameter, however, in some special cases, antenna phase center should be measured precisely. In this paper, a novel method for antenna phase center calculation is proposed. The calculation examples validate that this method is efficient and useful for actual engineering application.
Preliminary Development and Validation of the Mindful Student Questionnaire

Research validating mindfulness-based interventions with youths and in schools is growing, yet research validating measures of youths’ mindfulness in schools has received far less empirical attention. The present study makes the case for and reports on the preliminary development and validation of a new, 15-item, multidimensional, self-report measure of youths’ mindfulness that is closely connected with theory and specifically targeted to school settings: the Mindful Student Questionnaire (MSQ). The MSQ was piloted with a target sample of 278 adolescents in Grades 6 to 8 and subjected to a series of structural and convergent validity analyses. Findings indicated that responses to the MSQ were characterized by a theoretically coherent three-factor latent structure—representing mindful attention, mindful acceptance, and approach and persistence behavior—and that resulting scale scores were characterized by robust internal consistency and positive concurrent associations with criterion indicators of student ...
Assessments of Udder Size and Milk Yield of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats Reared Under Semi Intensive Management System in Humid Nigeria

Studies on udder size of twenty lactating doe of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were conducted to determine their Partial Daily Milk yield (PDM). Data were collected for the first twenty five days of lactation on daily basis Udder and teat traits studied were udder length (UL), udder width (UW), udder circumference (UC), teat length (TL), teat width (TW)I teat, circumference (C), teat height from ground (THG), and distance between the teat (DBT). The results of the study showed that there was a significant and high positive phenotypic correlation (P<0.05) between udder and teat traits. Regression analysis revealed that udder circumference (UC) was the most important single measurement accounted for over 22 percent of variation of partial Daily Milk yield (PDM) in this breed of goat. Hence, in predicting milk yield udder circumference is therefore not recommended to farmers. The multiple regression analysis reveals that yield and udder width were significant at both linear, Quadratic and cubic function while udder length was significant at quadratic and cubic functions.
Abstract 3671: Intra-Carotid Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy is Superior to Intravenous delivery in Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia

INTRODUCTION: There are multiple pre-clinical studies showing significant neurological functional benefit of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in cerebral ischemia. MSCs are adult bone marrow derived cells that have a high potential for clinical translation. The optimal route of MSC delivery has not been established. Intra-carotid (IC) delivery via catheters has several attributes attractive for clinical application & may be superior to intravenous (IV) delivery as it circumvents systemic trapping of cells and allows more cells to reach the target lesion. In our previous study using the rat rMCAo model, we found the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IC MSCs to be 1 x 10^5 HYPOTHESIS: We tested the hypothesis that the MTD of IC mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is more efficacious as compared to IV MSCs and IC control. We further hypothesized that the MTD of IC MSCs given at 24 hours is more efficacious as compared to IC MSCs at 60 minutes. METHODS: 34 female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 90 minutes reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (rMCAo). At 60 minutes or 24 hours post rMCAo, rats were assigned to receive: allogeneic IC MSCs at a dose of 1x 10^5 or IC phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 0.5ml or allogeneic intravenous (IV) MSCs 1 x 10^6 & rMCAo with no treatment (sham). Primary outcome measures were blinded neurodeficit score and infarct volume at 4 weeks. RESULTS: At 24 hours post rMCAo, there was no significant difference in the neurodeficit score (NDS) amongst the groups. At four weeks post treatment, the IC MSC group showed a significantly lower NDS (7%_3.3) as compared to IV MSCs (10.2%_1.5, p=0.042); In subgroup analysis, IC MSCs given at 60 minutes showed no significant difference compared to other groups, but IC MSC given at 24 hours showed a significantly lower neurodeficit score (5.8 %_2.6) as compared to IC PBS (10.8%_1.2, p=0.003), IV MSCs (10.2 %_1.5, p=0.005) and Sham (10%_ 3.4, p=0.018) (Fig1.). The mean infarct volume of the group treated with IC MSCs was significantly lower as compared to IC PBS (18cc%_ 8 vs. 50cc%_17, p=0.043). On infarct topography frequency map comparison, we found a significantly decreased volume of infarction in the cortical regions in IC MSC group as compared to IC PBS group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with maximum tolerated IC MSC dose of 1 x 10^5 post rMCAO results in superior functional outcome when compared with IV MSC 1 x 10^6, IC PBS and sham rats. Additionally, IC MSC at 24 hours is more efficacious than IC MSC at 60 minutes. There is also a significant decrease in infarct volume in IC MSC treated rats when compared with IC PBS. The IC MSCs may ameliorate injury in the cortex surrounding the core.
TMS320F28335 DSP programming using MATLAB Simulink embedded coder: Techniques and advancements

This paper provides a tutorial on how to program Texas Instruments™ (TI) TMS320F28335 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) through Code Composer Studio (CCS) version 6 and MATLAB Simulink Embedded Coder. First it shows how to setup Simulink and Embedded Coder and produce code to program TMS320F28335 and variant of TI's C2000 DSPs. It describes how to interact between MATLAB 2015b and CCS V6 and provides an explanation of the vital steps and settings needed to program the DSP. Basic functions such as Pulse Width Modulation, Analog Digital Conversion, and Proportional-lntegral controllers are explained. Finally, closed loop control model for a micro-inverter topology is developed.
The Marginality Advantage: Corruption Networks, Gender, and Bureaucratic Performance in Africa

Many of Nigeria’s non-corrupt public organizations are led by women. Instead of arguing that women are the ‘fairer’ or ‘less risk-prone’ sex, my findings suggest that the structural position of wom...
Do Consumers’ Apparel Shopping Orientation Changes? An Exploration of Life Event Influence

Shopping orientation is defined as shopping style, which reflects shoppers’ interests, opinions, attitudes, shopping preferences, activities and behaviors prior, during and after the shopping process (Stone, 1954). Investigation of shopping orientation can determine why consumers patronize a particular type of store or choose a particular brand, which can benefit retailers for their marketing planning. Transitional life prior, during, and after experiencing events is critical phase in one’s life (Cohen, 1988). Research has documented that transitional life periods are associated with significant changes in consumer behavior in general (e.g., Andreasen, 1984).
The cysteine-rich whey protein supplement, Immunocal®, preserves brain glutathione and improves cognitive, motor, and histopathological indices of traumatic brain injury in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem estimated to affect nearly 1.7 million people in the United States annually. Due to the often debilitating effects of TBI, novel preventative agents are highly desirable for at risk populations. Here, we tested a whey protein supplement, Immunocal®, for its potential to enhance resilience to TBI. Immunocal® is a non-denatured whey protein preparation which has been shown to act as a cysteine delivery system to increase levels of the essential antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Twice daily oral supplementation of CD1 mice with Immunocal® for 28 days prior to receiving a moderate TBI prevented an ~ 25% reduction in brain GSH/GSSG observed in untreated TBI mice. Immunocal® had no significant effect on the primary mechanical injury induced by TBI, as assessed by MRI, changes in Tau phosphorylation, and righting reflex time or apnea. However, pre-injury supplementation with Immunocal® resulted in statistically significant improvements in motor function (beam walk and rotarod) and cognitive function (Barnes maze). We also observed a significant preservation of corpus callosum width (axonal myelination), a significant decrease in degenerating neurons, a reduction in Iba1 (microglial marker), decreased lipid peroxidation, and preservation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of Immunocal®-pretreated mice compared to untreated TBI mice. Taken together, these data indicate that pre-injury supplementation with Immunocal® significantly enhances the resilience to TBI induced by a moderate closed head injury in mice. We conclude that Immunocal® may hold significant promise as a preventative agent for TBI, particularly in certain high risk populations such as athletes and military personnel.
The Impact of Astrocyte Mitochondrial Metabolism on Neuroprotection During Aging

Accumulation of oxidative damage as the result of normal mitochondrial metabolism is widely considered to be a fundamental cause of aging. A central tenet of this theory is that mitochondria themselves become dysfunctional. In the central nervous system (CNS), the focus of research on aging has primarily revolved around changes in and effects of neuronal mitochondrial metabolism. However, there is increasing interest in the role that astrocyte mitochondria play in the aging process. Little is known about the cumulative effects of aging on astrocyte mitochondria or on energy-dependent processes within astrocytes. It is likely that diminished astrocyte
The Unobtrusive Relational Analyst: Explorations in Psychoanalytic Companioning

Psychoanalysts increasingly find themselves working with patients and states that are not amenable to verbal and dialogic engagement. Such patients are challenging for a psychoanalytic approach that assumes that the patient relates in the verbal realm and is capable of reflective function. Both the classical stance of neutrality and abstinence and a contemporary relational approach that works with mutuality and intersubjectivity, can often ask too much of patients. The Unobtrusive Relational Analyst introduces a new psychoanalytic register for working with such patients and states, involving a present and engaged analyst who is unobtrusive to the unfolding of the patient’s inner world and the flow of mutual enactments. For the unobtrusive relational analyst, the world and idiom of the patient becomes the defining signature of the clinical interaction and process. Rather than seeking to bring patients into greater dialogic relatedness, the analyst companions the patient in the flow of enactive engagement and into the damaged and constrained landscapes of their inner worlds. Being known and companioned in these areas of deep pain, shame and fragmentation is the foundation on which psychoanalytic transformation and healing rests. In a series of illuminating chapters that include vivid examples drawn from his work with individuals and with groups, Robert Grossmark illustrates the work of the unobtrusive relational analyst. He reconfigures the role of action and enactment in psychoanalysis and group-analysis, and expands the understanding of the analyst’s subjectivity to embrace receptivity, surrender and companioning. Offering fresh concepts regarding therapeutic action and psychoanalytic engagement, The Unobtrusive Relational Analyst will be of great interest to all psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists.
Precision medicine approach: Empagliflozin for diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice with aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 * 2 mutation, a specific genetic mutation in millions of East Asians.

Abstract A vast majority of type-2 diabetic patients (~65%) die of cardiovascular complications including heart failure (HF). In diabetic hearts, levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a reactive aldehyde that is produced upon lipid peroxidation, were increased. We also demonstrated that in diabetic hearts, there is a decrease in the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2, a primary detoxifying enzyme present in cardiac mitochondria. A single point mutation at E487K of ALDH2 in East Asians known as ALDH2 * 2 intrinsically lowers ALDH2 activity. We hypothesize that Empagliflozin (EMP), a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, can ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy by decreasing hyperglycemia-mediated 4HNE protein adducts in ALDH2 * 2 mutant mice which serve as a precision medicine tool as they mimic ALDH2 * 2 carriers. We induced type-2 diabetes in 11–14 month-old male and female ALDH2 * 2 mice through a high-fat diet. Chow-fed ALDH2 * 2 mice served as controls. At the end of 4 months, we treated the diabetic ALDH2 * 2 mice with EMP (3 mg/kg/d) or its vehicle (Veh). After 2 months of EMP treatment, cardiac function was assessed by conscious echocardiography after treadmill exercise stress. EMP improved the cardiac function and running distance and duration significantly compared to Veh-treated ALDH2 * 2 diabetic mice. These beneficial effects can be attributed to the EMP-mediated decrease in cardiac mitochondrial 4HNE adducts and increase in the levels of phospho AKT, AKT, phospho Akt substrate of 160 kDa (pAS160), AS160 and GLUT-4 in the skeletal muscle tissue of the ALDH2*2 mutant diabetic mice, respectively. Finally, our data implicate EMP can ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic ALDH2 * 2 mutant patients.
Dependency of Landfill Gas Generation Parameters on Waste Composition Based on Large-Size Laboratory Degradation Experiments

Landfill gas (LFG) is a product of the biodegradation of municipal solid waste (MSW) under anaerobic conditions. LFG primarily consists of methane (CH4) (40–60%) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (40–60%), both greenhouse gases. Methane has high energy potential that remains largely untapped as a national energy source. In order to recover LFG for energy generation purposes, a reliable estimate of gas generation at landfill sites is necessary. To that end, numerous LFG generation models have been developed with different assumptions made. In this study, three gas generation models – two first order decay (LandGEM and IPCC) and one sigmoidal model (Modified-Gompertz) are considered. The cumulative methane yield prediction of these models is fitted against three degradation experiments on well-characterized MSW specimens with significantly different waste composition ranging from “waste-rich” to “soil-rich”. The results indicate that the sigmoidal model better captures the evolution of methane yield compared to first order decay model and majority of the model parameters follow a systematic trend as a function of waste composition.
ESC: an efficient error-based stopping criterion for kriging-based reliability analysis methods

The ever-increasing complexity of numerical models and associated computational demands have challenged classical reliability analysis methods. Surrogate model-based reliability analysis techniques, and in particular those using kriging meta-model, have gained considerable attention recently for their ability to achieve high accuracy and computational efficiency. However, existing stopping criteria, which are used to terminate the training of surrogate models, do not directly relate to the error in estimated failure probabilities. This limitation can lead to high computational demands because of unnecessary calls to costly performance functions (e.g., involving finite element models) or potentially inaccurate estimates of failure probability due to premature termination of the training process. Here, we propose the error-based stopping criterion (ESC) to address these limitations. First, it is shown that the total number of wrong sign estimation of the performance function for candidate design samples by kriging, S, follows a Poisson binomial distribution. This finding is subsequently used to estimate the lower and upper bounds of S for a given confidence level for sets of candidate design samples classified by kriging as safe and unsafe. An upper bound of error of the estimated failure probability is subsequently derived according to the probabilistic properties of Poisson binomial distribution. The proposed upper bound is implemented in the kriging-based reliability analysis method as the stopping criterion. The efficiency and robustness of ESC are investigated here using five benchmark reliability analysis problems. Results indicate that the proposed method achieves the set accuracy target and substantially reduces the computational demand, in some cases by over 50%.
Grading Grades as a Measure of Student Learning

In this article, we discuss the limitations of grades as a measure of student learning. We also consider more robust measures that may be preferable to grades alone for assessing college students’ ...
Evaluating the quality of voice assistants' responses to consumer health questions about vaccines: an exploratory comparison of Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri.

Objective To assess the quality and accuracy of the voice assistants (VAs), Amazon Alexa, Siri and Google Assistant, in answering consumer health questions about vaccine safety and use. Methods Responses of each VA to 54 questions related to vaccination were scored using a rubric designed to assess the accuracy of each answer provided through audio output and the quality of the source supporting each answer. Results Out of a total of 6 possible points, Siri averaged 5.16 points, Google Assistant averaged 5.10 points and Alexa averaged 0.98 points. Google Assistant and Siri understood voice queries accurately and provided users with links to authoritative sources about vaccination. Alexa understood fewer voice queries and did not draw answers from the same sources that were used by Google Assistant and Siri. Conclusions Those involved in patient education should be aware of the high variability of results between VAs. Developers and health technology experts should also push for greater usability and transparency about information partnerships as the health information delivery capabilities of these devices expand in the future.
SECTION 9-3 – Electroelution

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the process of electroelution, in which DNA fragments are recovered from agarose or polyacrylamide gels. The gel piece containing the fragment is excised and placed in a dialysis bag with buffer. Electrophoresis causes the DNA to migrate out of the gel into the dialysis bag buffer. The fragment is recovered in this buffer and is purified from the contaminating material using SS-phenol/chloroform extraction with or without Elutip or Nensorb chromatography. Fragments purified in this way generally work well in subsequent ligation reactions and are cleaved completely with most REs after electroelution. The method of electroelution is simple, rapid, and yields a good recovery of fragment from the gel piece. The time required to carry out the electroelution procedure is 3–4 hours, and the equipment required includes a minigel apparatus, substantial power supply, and vacuum centrifuge..
Factors Affecting the Interest in a Surgical Career among Medical Students at a Nonurban, Tertiary Care Academic Institution.

Background Present day medical students are inherently different from those in the past by growing up in a uniquely different environment that shapes their personal and professional values which affects their career decisions. Vascular surgery (VS) task force is facing a shortage in the near future. The purpose of this analysis is to gain a better understanding of the medical students’ perceptions about surgery in general and VS in particular. Our institution is a large, tertiary care medical center, which is in a nonurban location. Our goal was to identify any barriers in the recruitment of prospective students to VS and to implement directives to address such barriers. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to Penn State Hershey College of Medicine medical students. Our institution has an established 0 + 5 VS residency program and a VS interest group. It was designed to understand potential barriers in the recruitment of medical students choosing VS as a career. Survey consisted of 23 questions, which were carefully designed to collect information about student demographics, interest in medical profession in general, opinions about the field of surgery, and reasons for having an interest or no interest in VS. Results Five hundred sixty medical students at Penn State Hershey College of Medicine were surveyed, of whom 143 (26%) completed the survey. About 58.7% were females and two-thirds of the respondents were in the age range of 21–25 years. The following factors were significantly associated with pursing surgical career: Medical Student Year III (odds ratio [OR] 0.36, confidence interval [CI] 0.19–0.69), surgical mentorship (OR 6.01, CI 1.30–28), wanting more exposure to VS (OR 6.15, CI 2.07–18.23), and opportunity to complete training within 5 years (OR 1.14, CI 1.03–1.25) (all P Conclusions Potential barriers of students in choosing a surgical career are fundamentally grounded in their overall perception of surgery but are independently associated with their level of education (medical student-III versus others), strong surgical mentorship, the desire to be exposed to VS, and the opportunity to complete subspecialty surgical training within 5 years. For VS, attractive factors were variety of operative cases, ability to operate on multiple anatomic areas of the body, and opportunity to complete training within 5 years. Overall, burnout associated with surgical career is the most common concern for medical students.
Electronic Point Spread Function Rotation Using a Three-Row Transducer for ARFI-Based Elastic Anisotropy Assessment: In Silico and Experimental Demonstration

Degree of anisotropy (DoA) of mechanical properties has been assessed as the ratio of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI)-induced peak displacements (PDs) achieved using spatially asymmetric point spread functions (PSFs) that are rotated 90° to each other. Such PSF rotation has been achieved by manually rotating a linear array transducer, but manual rotation is cumbersome and prone to misalignment errors and higher variability in measurements. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of electronic PSF rotation using a three-row transducer, which will reduce variability in DoA assessment. A Siemens 9L4, with $3\times192$ elements, was simulated in Field II to generate spatially asymmetric ARFI PSFs that were electronically rotated 63° from each other. Then, using the finite element method (FEM), PD due to the ARFI excitation PSFs in 42 elastic, incompressible, transversely isotropic (TI) materials with shear moduli ratios of 1.0–6.0 were modeled. Finally, the ratio of PDs achieved using the two rotated PSFs was evaluated to assess elastic DoA. DoA increased with increasing shear moduli ratios and distinguished materials with 17% or greater difference in shear moduli ratios (Wilcoxon, ${p} ). Experimentally, the ratio of PDs achieved using ARFI PSF rotated 63° from each other distinguished the biceps femoris muscle from two pigs, which had median shear moduli ratios of 4.25 and 3.15 as assessed by shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). These results suggest that ARFI-based DoA assessment can be achieved without manual transducer rotation using a three-row transducer capable of electronically rotating PSFs by 63°. It is expected that electronic PSF rotation will facilitate data acquisitions and improve the reproducibility of elastic anisotropy assessments.
Willed Arboreality: Feminist Worldmaking in Han Kang’s The Vegetarian

This essay argues that Han Kang’s novel The Vegetarian offers a model of radical non-mastery and transnational feminist world-being through protagonist Yeong-hye’s will to arboreality and Kang’s im...
Radiological humeral adaptative changes five years after anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty using a standard-length cementless hydroxyapatite-coated humeral component.

Aims The purpose of this study was to report bone adaptive changes after anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) using a standard-length hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated humeral component, and to re...
Psychosocial impact of hidradenitis suppurativa: a practical guide for clinicians

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating skin disease with significant and often underappreciated effects on quality of life; available treatments fail to achieve consistent rates of remissi...
Training machine learning models on climate model output yields skillful interpretable seasonal precipitation forecasts

A barrier to utilizing machine learning in seasonal forecasting applications is the limited sample size of observational data for model training. To circumvent this issue, here we explore the feasibility of training various machine learning approaches on a large climate model ensemble, providing a long training set with physically consistent model realizations. After training on thousands of seasons of climate model simulations, the machine learning models are tested for producing seasonal forecasts across the historical observational period (1980-2020). For forecasting large-scale spatial patterns of precipitation across the western United States, here we show that these machine learning-based models are capable of competing with or outperforming existing dynamical models from the North American Multi Model Ensemble. We further show that this approach need not be considered a ‘black box’ by utilizing machine learning interpretability methods to identify the relevant physical processes that lead to prediction skill. Seasonal forecasting skill in machine learning methods that are trained on large climate model ensembles can compete with, or out-compete, existing dynamical models, while retaining physical interpretability.
Congenital familial nonhemolytic jaundice with kernicterus

Seven patients with congenital familial nonhemolytic jaundice with kernicterus are presented. Six of these were hospitalized and studied. One was diagnosed by history. The abnormality appears to be genetically determined, being inherited most likely as a lethal recessive characteristic. The only abnormal laboratory findings are pronounced elevation of indirect serum bilirubin and delayed excretion of injected bilirubin. Pathologically, bile thrombi in the canaliculi were found in all patients studied, with very slight periportal fibrosis present in the liver sections from Cases 1, 5 and 6. In the single brain examined, Case 2, kernicterus was described. The prognosis is extremely poor, the patients generally dying in the first year of life. No therapeutic measures have been found helpful. The similarity to a previously described disease, familial nonhemolytic jaundice, is discussed.
Acid Rain over the United States and Canada: The D.C. Circuit Fails to Provide Shelter Under Section 115 of the Clean Air Act While State Action Provides a Temporary Umbrella

Acid rain as a transboundary pollution problem affecting Canada and the United States is addressed. International agreements have, so far, been unsuccessful. This article probes why there is a wait for controls and solutions for acid rain. The formation of acid rain form the oxidation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere is explained, as is the finger-printing method of tracing deposition chemicals to their sources. Effects of acid rain on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, humans and building materials are also covered. The majority of the article is devoted to proving the ineffectiveness of the Clean Air Act. Events leading to the case between New York state and EPA Administrator Lee Thomas are presented. The EPA lost the court decision to New York, and their appeal in the DC Circuit Court is analyzed according to various sections of the Clean Air Act. The rules proposed by Minnesota and several other states to protect the environment from acid deposition emphasize the need for more cooperation between the US and Canada and use of already written laws.
Functional outcomes after shoulder resection: the patient's perspective

Background Resection arthroplasty is a salvage procedure used for the treatment of deep-seated infections after total shoulder arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Previous studies have reported a 50% to 66% rate of pain relief after resection arthroplasty but with significant functional limitations. Our study aimed to qualify the perspective of the patients on their limitations and satisfaction with resection arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective record review of resection arthroplasties performed between September 2003 and December 2012 yielded 14 patients, and 7 completed the survey. The patients completed surveys with the focus on the "patient perspective." Functional scores, including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), DASH work, and DASH sports, were determined. Results Pain reduction and functional outcomes were similar to past reports of resection arthroplasty. Five of the 7 patients (71%) reported satisfaction with their resection arthroplasty, and 6 of the 7 patients (86%) would undergo the procedure again if given the choice. Five of the 7 patients (71%) were able to most of activities of daily living. Conclusions Patients in our study were generally satisfied with their resection arthroplasty. Resection arthroplasty is a reasonable option for treatment of deep-seated periprosthetic infections or for patients with multiple previous failed procedures for total shoulder arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty. and reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Energy transfer distance measurements in immunoglobulins: II. Localization of the hapten binding sites and the interheavy chain disulfide bond in rabbit antibody☆☆☆

The distance between the hapten combining site and the single interheavy chain disulfide bond in rabbit immunoglobulin G has been determined by measuring the efficiency of energy transfer between chromophores specifically attached at these sites on the molecule. The donor chromophore, DnsLys‡, was non-covalently bound in the combining sites of high-affinity antiDns antibody molecules, in one case, and in the combining site of the pepsin Fab′ fragment of antiDns in another. The acceptor chromophore, fluorescein, was covalently attached by disulfide interchange of di-FlCys with sulfhydryls generated by selective reduction of the interheavy chain disulfide bond of whole antiDns antibody and of the (Fab′)2 pepsin fragment. The presence of acceptor decreased the donor fluorescence lifetime by about 1.0 nanosecond in both cases, i.e. for the whole antibody, from 23.6 to 22.7 nanoseconds, and for the Fab′ fragment from 23.6 to 22.5 nanoseconds. An average separation distance of 81 A was calculated from an average observed transfer efficiency of 3.7%. This value agrees closely with the over-all length of a Fab′ fragment of a human IgG myeloma protein (Poljak et al., 1972). These results strongly suggest that the antibody combining site is at, or very close to, the tip of the Fab fragment and that the inter-heavy chain disulfide bond is at or near the edge of the CL−CH1 domain.
A photometric study of the eclipsing binary RX Hercules

A new photoelectric light curve of RX Hercules, a binary system with similar components, has been analyzed using Wood's computer model. RX Her, using Popper's spectroscopic mass ratio of q = 0.8472, turned out to be composed of a dimmer AO component and a larger B9.5 component. This detached system, upon analysis of the residuals in secondary minimum, shows some asymmetry during ingress which then disappears just before secondary minimum. The eccentricity e = 0.022 determined in this study is a little larger than previously published values of e = 0.018. In combination with the spectroscopic analysis of Popper, and ubvy data of Olson and Hill and Hilditch new photometric elements for RX Her were found.
InfoMax: An Information Maximizing Transport Layer Protocol for Named Data Networks

The advent of social networks, mobile sensing, and the Internet of Things herald an age of data overload, where the amount of data generated and stored by various data services exceeds application consumption needs. In such an age, an increasingly important need of data clients will be one of data sub-sampling. This need calls for novel data dissemination protocols that allow clients to request from the network a representative sampling of data that matches a query. In this paper, we present the design of a new transport-layer dissemination protocol, called InfoMax, that allows applications to request such a data sampling. InfoMax exploits the recently proposed named-data-networking (NDN) stack that makes networks aware of hierarchical data names, as opposed to IP addresses. Assuming that named objects with longer prefixes are semantically more similar, InfoMax has the property of minimizing semantic redundancy among delivered data items, hence offering the best coverage of the requested topic with the fewest bytes. The paper discusses the design of InfoMax, its experimental evaluation, and example applications.
Antitumor Activity of a Novel Oncrasin Analogue Is Mediated by JNK Activation and STAT3 Inhibition

Background To optimize the antitumor activity of oncrasin-1, a small molecule identified through synthetic lethality screening on isogenic K-Ras mutant tumor cells, we developed several analogues and determined their antitumor activities. Here we investigated in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of NSC-743380 (1-[(3-chlorophenyl) methyl]-1H-indole-3-methanol, oncrasin-72), one of most potent analogues of oncrasin-1. Methodology and principal findings In vitro antitumor activity was determined in NCI-60 cancer cell line panel using cell viability assay. In vivo antitumor activity was determined in parallel with NSC-741909 (oncrasin-60) in xenograft tumors established in nude mice from A498, a human renal cancer cell line. Changes in gene expression levels and signaling pathway activities upon treatment with NSC-743380 were analyzed in breast and renal cancer cells by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was demonstrated by Western blot analysis and flow cytometric analysis. NSC-743380 is highly active against a subset of cancer cell lines derived from human lung, colon, ovary, kidney, and breast cancers. The 50% growth-inhibitory concentration (GI(50)) for eight of the most sensitive cell lines was ≤ 10 nM. In vivo study showed that NSC-743380 has a better safety profile and greater antitumor activity than NSC-741909. Treatment with NSC-743380 caused complete regression of A498 xenograft tumors in nude mice at the tested doses ranging from 67 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg. Mechanistic characterization revealed that NSC-743380 suppressed the phosphorylation of C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, induced JNK activation, inhibited JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressed cyclin D1 expression in sensitive human cancer cells. Blocking JNK activation or overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 partially blocked NSC-743380-induced antitumor activity. Conclusions NSC-743380 induces antitumor activity through modulation of functions in multiple cancer related pathways and could be a potential anticancer agent for some solid tumors.
Infestation of tracheal mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in feral and managed colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

We tested a population dynamics model that predicts that swarming of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., is a regulatory process of tracheal mites, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), parasitism. If the model is correct, then feral colonies that are free to swarm should have fewer numbers of infested worker bees, infested workers should have fewer numbers of mites, and fewer feral colonies should be infested than colonies in beeyards that are prevented from swarming by beekeeping techniques. We found that this situation occurred in the Willamette Valley, OR.
A Model of Adolescents' Seeking of Sexual Content in Their Media Choices

This article reports on the extent to which adolescents report actively seeking sexual content in media, identifies from which media they report seeking, estimates the association between seeking sexual information and romantic and sexual behavior, and shows that active seeking of sexual content in media sources is explained by an intention to seek such content using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, a reasoned action approach. The data are a national sample of 810 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Results show that 50% of adolescents reported actively seeking sexual content in their media choices, which included movies, television, music, Internet pornography sites, and magazines. Males sought sex content more than females, and gender differences were greatest for seeking from Internet pornography sites, movies, and television. Path analysis demonstrate that seeking sexual content is well-predicted by intentions to seek, and intentions are primarily driven by perceived normative pressure to ...
Streamlined approach to a new gelator: inspiration from solid-state interactions for a mercury-induced gelation

A new gelator was discovered by identifying molecular scaffolds exhibiting 1D intermolecular interactions in the solid-state and synthesizing derivatives. Gelation can be triggered by adding Hg(OAc)2 to a precursor molecule. The in situ gelation is selective for Hg2+ over other metals.
Symptomatic spontaneous intracranial carotid artery dissection treated with a self-expanding intracranial nitinol stent: a case report

Abstract Background Although extracranial carotid dissection with stroke is common, intracranial dissection with stroke is rare. Stenting has been used to treat extracranial carotid dissections. Intracranially, however, it is only recently that stents have become a feasible option for this disease. We present a case of a spontaneous intracranial CAD with progressive symptoms despite medical management treated with a self-expanding intracranial micronitinol stent. Case Description A 47-year-old, right-handed woman presented to the emergency department after noticing left-sided face and arm weakness and numbness, along with slurred speech. The patient was started on aspirin 325 mg/d orally and lovenox 40 mg/d subcutaneously. On hospital day 2, the patient was noted to have repeated episodes of weakness and numbness on the left side and MRI evidence of a new stroke. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram from a selective right internal carotid injection revealed a flow-limiting stenosis secondary to a dissection of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery with severe flow limitation to the hemisphere. Endovascular management was decided on, and a Neuroform stent measuring 4.5 × 20 mm (Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, Mass) was deployed across the dissection with significant improvement of flow to that hemisphere on the poststent angiogram. Conclusions This case illustrates the successful off-label use of a self-expanding intracranial nitinol stent to treat a symptomatic intracranial internal CAD in the setting of failure of traditional medical management. This is a promising application of novel endovascular technology.
Effects of ingratiation, touch and use of name on evaluation of job applicants and interviewers

Videotapes were made of male actors playing the roles of interviewers and job applicants in an interview for the position of research assistant. During the four-minute interview, interviewers either touched or did not touch the job applicants, they either used or did not use the applicants' first names, and they were presented as being in an ingratiating or a non-ingratiating position with regard to the job applicants. The videotapes were shown to introductory psychology students (n = 90) for affective ratings of the interviewers and job applicants. Name-using interviewers were characterized most significantly as being friendly, warm, and polite. Interviewer touching did not influence ratings of interviewers, but did have a significant effect on evaluations of job applicants. When an interviewer who was initially described as uninterested in a job applicant shook the applicant's hand, the applicant was evaluated as more sincere and as liking the interviewer more, but also as less intelligent and somewhat less polite. It was concluded that behaviors of interviewers can influence perceptions of job applicants as well as perceptions of interviewers. The attempt to manipulate interviewer ingratiation was not successful and a more effective treatment for ingratiation was suggested.
Observations of the Local Interstellar Medium with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

Because of the strong absorption of extreme ultraviolet radiation by hydrogen and helium, almost every observation with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite is affected by the diffuse clouds of neutral gas in the local interstellar medium (LISM). This paper reviews some of the highlights of the EUVE results on the distribution and physical state of the LISM and the implications of these results with respect to the interface of the LISM and the heliosphere. The distribution of sources found with the EUVE all-sky surveys shows an enhancement in absorption toward the galactic center. Individual spectra toward nearby continuum sources provide evidence of a greater ionization of helium than hydrogen in the Local Cloud with an mean ratio of H I/He I of 14.7. The spectral distribution of the EUV stellar radiation field has been measured, which provides a lower limit to local H II and He II densities, but this radiation field alone cannot explain the local helium ionization. A combination of EUVE measurements of H I, He I, and He II columns plus the measurement of the local He I density with interplanetary probes can place constraints on the local values of the H I density outside the heliosphere to lie between 0.15 and 0.34 cm-3 while the H II density ranges between 0.0 and 0.14 cm-3. The thermal pressure (P/k = nT) of the Local Cloud is derived to be between 1700 and 2300 cm-3 K, a factor of 2 to 3 above previous estimates.
A retrospective analysis of alcohol consumption on laboratory tasks as related to therapeutic outcome.

Abstract The relationship between drinking on laboratory-analogue measures at the onset of inpatient alcoholism treatment and abstinence subsequent to treatment was examined. Twenty therapeutically successful and 20 unsuccessful chronic alcoholics were selected and did not differ on age, education, length of problem drinking, and length of follow-up. Retrospective analysis of responding on an operant drinking task and a ‘taste test’ assessment technique revealed significant differences between the groups, with successful patients drinking less than the unsuccessful ones. Implications for screening candidates for alcoholism treatment programs are discussed.
Recovery Following Bereavement: Metaphor, Phenomenology, and Culture.

The concept of recovery following bereavement can be both useful and misleading. As a metaphor, the concept of recovery highlights some aspects of bereavement and obscures others. Bereaved people interviewed in 3 different studies typically did not bring up the term recovery so it did not seem to be a term that described their experience. Across cultures, the concept of recovery can be irrelevant or even misleading in understanding what goes on following bereavement. Arguably, a postmodern perspective in which no single concept is considered relevant for framing what goes on or what is desirable following bereavement might be best.
Currency Competition in Switzerland, 1826‐1850

SUMMARY Currency competition provided a stable monetary standard in those Swiss cantons that deregulated their financial systems after liberal revolutions in the 1830s and 40s. The Swiss currency issuers’ concern with purchasing power stability suggests that each of them faced a real demand for notes that was sensitive to expected changes in the purchasing power of those notes. Given purchasing power stability, the circulation of a currency depended on the quality of the financial services of its issuer. Issuing and keeping notes in circulation was costly. The share of notes in the balance sheets of their issuers was therefore small except in periods when interest rates on other debt instruments were high. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Freie Konkurrenz zwischen Wahrungen garantierte monetare Stabilitat in jenen Schweizer Kantonen, die nach liberalen Revolutionen zwischen 1830 und 1850 ihr Wahrungssystem reformierten. Die Beachtung, die die schweizerischen Notenprodu-zenten der Kaufkraftstabilitat schenkten, legt nahe, dass die reale Banknotennach-frage von der erwarteten Kaufkraftveranderung abhing. Bei gegebener Kaufkraft ist die Zirkulation einer Wahrung durch die Qualitat der finanziellen Dienstleistungen ihres Anbieters bestimmt. Die Ausgabe von Banknoten verursacht Kosten, und es ist teuer, sie im Verkehr zu halten. Daher war der Anteil von Banknoten in der Bilanz ihrer Anbieter gering, ausser in Zeiten, in denen der Zins auf anderen Finanzierungs-instrumenten hoch war. RESUME La concurrence monetaire libre eut comme resultat une stabilitye monetaire pour les cantons suisses qui avaient reforme leurs systemes monetaires apres les revolutions liberales des annees 1830 et 1840. L'importance que les emetteurs monetaires suisses attribuaient a la stabilitye du pouvoir d'achat suggere que la demande pour les billets de banque dependait de la variation escomptee du pouvoir d'achat. Pour un certain pouvoir d'achat, la circulation monetaire est determinee par la qualitye des services financiers de l'emetteur. L'emission des billets de banque et leur maintien en circulation est une affaire couteuse. Dans le bilan des emetteurs, la contribution des billets de banque etait done insignifiante, sauf dans les periodes ou d'autres instruments de dette etaient sujets a des interȩts eleves.
An exact fundamental and covariance algorithm

An exact algorithm is developed for computing a linear system's fundamental and output covariance matrix. It requires only that the system's plant matrix be spectrally decomposable into distinct eigenvalues.
Viscoelastic relaxation times of a homogeneous block copolymer

The molecular theory of viscoelasticity has been modified in a previous publication for homogeneous block copolymers; the theory predicts that the maximum relaxation time of the block copolymer can be computed with the knowledge of submolecular sizes and monomeric friction coefficients. Stress-relaxation experiments were carried out for two samples of styrene-(α-methyl styrene)-styrene triblock copolymers. Maximum relaxation times were determined from the viscoelastic master curve through the use of procedure X developed by Tobolksy and Murakami. Experimental results were found to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. The theory also predicts the existence of a singularity in the distribution of relaxation times at very short relaxation times, but as is discussed, this prediction cannot be verified by existing experimental techniques.