cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging and Measurement of the Vocal Tract

This article presents instrumentation used to measure vocal tract behaviors during speech. Three types of instrument are presented: imaging, tissue point-tracking, and impedance-based techniques. Imaging techniques have been developing rapidly in the last decade. CT, MRI, and ultrasound provide great insights into surface behaviors of the articulators. Tagged Cine-MRI and other tissue point-tracking instruments provide a different perspective of articulator motion by tracking points on the articulators themselves. Electromagnetic articulometry, in particular, has moved from 2-D to 3-D measurements. Impedance measurements enrich our understanding of the speech event by providing specific detail for complex behaviors such as glottal closure and tongue–palate contact. Physiological measurements of the vocal tract have been improving at an extraordinary pace. Imaging techniques have revolutionized the way we view the vocal tract by providing recognizable images of structures deep within the pharynx. Point-tracking systems have transformed our ideas about coarticulation by revealing interarticulator relationships that could only be addressed theoretically in the past. Inductance measures record and analyze complex physiological events.
Are the Canons of Dordt a true reflection of Calvin’s view of predestination?

As the delegates to the Synod of Dordt were bound by oath to use only the Word of God and not human writings in deliberations about doctrine, in the documents of Dordt there are no references to Calvin as a source of specific ideas in the Canons. The approach of this article is thus to compare chapter I of the Canons on predestination with Calvin’s views in his various writings on predestination. This comparison focuses on the main themes relating to predestination as taught in chapter I – the starting point of the discussion, double predestination, election, election in Christ, reprobation, the causes of election and reprobation, the infralapsarian emphasis, the purpose of election and reprobation, assurance of election, and election of infants who die. On the basis of this comparison, the conclusion is that the Canons reflect Calvin’s views on some points relating to predestination and not on others. So, on this issue, the Canons are only a partial reflection of Calvin’s views, and he could only have been a modest influence on the Canons.
Extraction of the cardiac waveform from simultaneous multislice fMRI data using slice sorted averaging and a deep learning reconstruction filter

Abstract Cardiac signal contamination has long confounded the analysis of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cardiac pulsation results in significant BOLD signal changes, especially in and around blood vessels. Until the advent of simultaneous multislice echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisition, the time resolution of whole brain EPI was insufficient to avoid cardiac aliasing (and acquisitions with repetition times (TRs) under 400–500 ms are still uncommon). As a result, direct detection and removal of the cardiac signal with spectral filters is generally not possible. Modelling methods have been developed to mitigate cardiac contamination, and recently developed techniques permit the visualization of cardiac signal propagation through the brain in undersampled data (e.g., TRs > 1s), which is useful in its own right for finding blood vessels. However, both of these techniques require data from which to estimate cardiac phase, which is generally not available for the data in many large databases of existing imaging data, and even now is not routinely recorded in many fMRI experiments. Here we present a method to estimate the cardiac waveform directly from a multislice fMRI dataset, without additional physiological measurements, such as plethysmograms. The pervasive spatial extent and temporal structure of the cardiac contamination signal across the brain offers an opportunity to exploit the nature of multislice imaging to extract this signal from the fMRI data itself. While any particular slice is recorded at the TR of the imaging experiment, slices are recorded much more quickly – typically from 10 to 20 Hz - sufficiently fast to fully sample the cardiac signal. Using the fairly permissive assumptions that the cardiac signal is a) pseudoperiodic b) somewhat coherent within any given slice, and c) is similarly shaped throughout the brain, we can extract a good estimate of the cardiac phase as a function of time from fMRI data alone. If we make further assumptions about the shape and consistency of cardiac waveforms, we can develop a deep learning filter to greatly improve our estimate of the cardiac waveform.
Challenges with Patient Adoption of Automated Integration of Blood Glucose Meter Data in the Electronic Health Record.

Abstract Providers often encourage patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to contact them with blood glucose (BG) values between visits. However, patients and families find it cumbersome to share thei...
Análisis de los elementos de seguridad utilizados por una institución bancaria para prevenir fraudes electrónicos en transacciones de igual naturaleza, en relación con la auditoría forense

A raiz de la necesidad de efectuar transacciones bancarias de forma rapida, sencilla y desde cualquier lugar, las entidades bancarias han tenido que invertir en medios acorde a las nuevas tecnologias y necesidades de sus clientes. A su vez, estas nuevas tecnologias traen consigo una gran problematica para los bancos: que se produzca el robo de informacion confidencial de cada cliente por no tener la proteccion adecuada en los sistemas informaticos. En este contexto, esta investigacion busca analizar los elementos de seguridad que una institucion bancaria utiliza para prevenir fraudes electronicos en nexo con la auditoria forense. Para llevar a cabo este analisis se utilizo una metodologia cualitativa la cual a traves de la tabulacion de resultados de la informacion obtenida de la teoria que sustenta esta investigacion y de las entrevistas realizadas a personas participes de este contexto, se obtuvo como resultado que la institucion bancaria utiliza, tanto las tecnicas de investigacion de auditoria forense, como distintos elementos de seguridad para prevenir los fraudes electronicos, a excepcion de uno de ellos, pero de forma adicional utiliza otros componentes de seguridad no investigados: la tercera clave y el anti-skimming.
Investigation of Movements of Lower-Limb Assistive Industrial Device

The present paper deals with the topical issues of the control system development for electric drives of the powered (active) lower-limb exoskeleton device designed for industrial applications. The article explores ways to assist in walking and running modes. Use of special types of the measuring complex allowing to evaluate the operator’s activity and to form the driving signals for electric drives. Particular attention is paid to the simulation of non-linear properties of the electric drive and the measuring system. To assess the results of numerical simulations, a comprehensive criterion for evaluating the quality indicators of the control system, was developed and optimization possibilities for the control system parameters were studied. A comparative analysis of different modes of human moving in assistive industrial device has been presented, and a few proposals for their practical application have been outlined in the article.
Space-Time Crystal and Space-Time Group.

Crystal structures and the Bloch theorem play a fundamental role in condensed matter physics. We extend the static crystal to the dynamic ``space-time'' crystal characterized by the general intertwined space-time periodicities in $D+1$ dimensions, which include both the static crystal and the Floquet crystal as special cases. A new group structure dubbed a ``space-time'' group is constructed to describe the discrete symmetries of a space-time crystal. Compared to space and magnetic groups, the space-time group is augmented by ``time-screw'' rotations and ``time-glide'' reflections involving fractional translations along the time direction. A complete classification of the 13 space-time groups in one-plus-one dimensions ($1+1\mathrm{D}$) is performed. The Kramers-type degeneracy can arise from the glide time-reversal symmetry without the half-integer spinor structure, which constrains the winding number patterns of spectral dispersions. In $2+1\mathrm{D}$, nonsymmorphic space-time symmetries enforce spectral degeneracies, leading to protected Floquet semimetal states. We provide a general framework for further studying topological properties of the ($D+1$)-dimensional space-time crystal.
The Enemy within: Schmitt’s Key Ideas as Failures of Plato’s Statesman

The strong thesis of this essay is that evolution in Carl Schmitt’s thinking, reflected in the differences between such works as the Nomos of the Earth and the much earlier Political Theology, for ...
E-DNA scaffold sensors and the reagentless, single-step, measurement of HIV-diagnostic antibodies in human serum

The multiplexed, point-of-care measurement of specific antibodies could improve the speed with which diseases are diagnosed and their treatment initiated. To this end, we are developing E-DNA scaffold sensors, which consist of a rigid, nucleic acid "scaffold" attached on one end to an electrode and presenting both a redox reporter and an epitope on the other. In the absence of antibody, the reporter efficiently transfers electrons when interrogated electrochemically. Binding-induced steric hindrance limits movement, reducing electron transfer in a manner that is both easily measured and quantitatively related to target concentration. Previously we have used monoclonal antibodies to explore the analytical performance of E-DNA sensors, showing that they support the rapid, single-step, quantitative detection of multiple antibodies in small volume samples. Here, in contrast, we employ authentic human samples to better explore the platform's clinical potential. Specifically, we developed E-DNA sensors targeting three HIV-specific antibodies and then compared the analytical and clinical performance of these against those of gold standard serological techniques. Doing so we find that, although the multistep amplification of an ELISA leads to a lower detection limits, the clinical sensitivity of ELISAs, E-DNA sensors and lateral-flow dipsticks are indistinguishable across our test set. It thus appears that, by merging the quantitation and multiplexing of ELISAs with the convenience and speed of dipsticks, E-DNA scaffold sensors could significantly improve on current serological practice.
Dissipation of Topological Charge in Plasmonic Weyl Semimetals

Breaking time-reversal or inversion symmetry are two ways of realizing a Weyl semimetal. We report that, in a plasma medium with Weyl point dispersion, the time-reversal broken realization is fundamentally more resilient against losses.
Vocal health of sporting, fitness, and wellness leaders in Northern New York and Vermont.

Fitness trainers and sporting coaches use their voices in acoustically poor conditions, for extended periods of time. Knowledge of the risk of voice problems in this cohort is emerging and has been...
Rabbi Elazar, Son of Rabbi Shimon: Transformation from Misanthropic Ascetic to Humanitarian

Talmudic stories are a method used by the ancient sages to teach us about ethics and morality. This paper examines the life of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon b. Yochai. The most important and famous work of Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism), the Zohar, is attributed to Rabbi Shimon (with some assistance from his son) when living in a cave for 13 years. The Talmudic stories demonstrate Rabbi Elazar’s transformation from a misanthropic ascetic to a humanitarian willing to suffer for others.
Disagreement in Readmission Rates After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Across Data Sets.

Abstract Background In 2014, the Affordable Care Act Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program began penalizing hospitals for excessive readmission rates 30 days after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Various data sets with nonstandardized validation processes report readmission data, which may provide conflicting outcome values for the same patient populations. Methods We queried 4 separate data sets: the American Joint Replacement Registry, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services billing data, the Vizient data set, and an advanced analytics integration (Cognos) report from our electronic medical record. We identified 2763 patients who underwent primary TKA and THA at a single academic medical center from June 2016 to June 2019. We then matched 613 surgery encounters in all 4 databases. Our primary outcome metric was 30-day readmissions. Fleiss’ Kappa was used to measure agreement among the different data sets. Results Of the 613 THA and TKA patients, there were 45 (7.3%) readmissions noted. Data collected from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services flagged 41 (6.7%) readmissions, Vizient flagged 11 (1.8%) readmissions, and the American Joint Replacement Registry and Cognos report both flagged 6 (0.98%) readmissions each. None of the readmissions were identified by all 4 data sets. There was significant disagreement among data sets using Fleiss’ Kappa (kappa = -0.1318, P = .03). Conclusion There is disagreement in readmission rates in databases receiving the same patient data after THA and TKA. Care must be taken to establish standard validation processes and reporting methods and scrutiny applied when interpreting readmission rates from various data sets.
Agentive Roles and Metalinguistic Negotiations: The Linguistic Capital in Interactions between Parents and Children from Mexican Immigrant Backgrounds

This qualitative case study examined the interactions between four Mexican parents from immigrant backgrounds and their children during the process of creating two biliteracy family projects that c...
New Advances in MRI

Since its initial use in humans in the early 1980s magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a widely used clinical imaging modality. Nonethe-less, there continue to be opportunities for further advances. One of these is improved technology. Specific projects include high field strength magnets at 3 Tesla and beyond and an increased number of receiver channels for data ac-quisition, permitting improved SNR and reduced acquisition time. A second area is the further study of image formation, including the manner of sampling ”k-space” and the specific type of image contrast. A third area is the in-creased exploitation of high speed computation to allow every-day implementation of techniques other-wise limited to research labs. Finally, MR is growing in its usage as a non-invasive, reproducible, and quantitative test in the study of non-clinical questions. MRI continues to be an area with a wealth of opportunity for contemporary study.
Indiana Leadership Summit: The Role of Strong Financial Institutions in Local Growth

This paper takes a look at the role of the financial services industry and its contribution to economic growth in local markets and what resources are required for the Indiana growth initiative.
Short-pulse fiber lasers

Summary form only given. Fiber ring lasers with an erbium-doped segment of amplifying fiber can be mode-locked using polarization-additive pulse mode-locking (P-APM). The mode-locking process is via the optical Kerr-effect-induced polarization rotation of an elliptically polarized mode in the fiber. The elliptic polarization is produced by "rabbit-ear" fiber polarization controllers. Thus, the same fiber can be employed for the amplifying process and the mode-locking process, leading to a compact and environmentally stable laser design.
Developing Emergent Bibliteracy: Guiding Principles For Instruction

Estamos a favor de la adopcion de programas donde se desarrolle simultaneamente la lectura y la escritura en dos lenguas en colegios bilingues colombianos. La adopcion de dichos programas tiene impacto en instituciones encargadas de la formacion docente en el pais. Es nuestra responsabilidad formar maestros capaaces de responder a las exigencias de la era tecnologica del siglo XXI, en la cual la informacion es accesible en diferentes idiomas con una rapidez abismal. En este articulo presentamos cinco principios relaconados con la ensenanza de la lectura y la escritura en dos lenguas. Finalmente se mencionan las implicaiones de dichos principios tanto para formadores de maestros como futuros docentes.
Shear stress enhance intracellular Ca2+ in PASMC from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (1090.13)

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a fatal and progressive disease which is attributed to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance due in part to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) are normally shielded from exposure to shear stress and sense small flow shear through transmural interstitial flow driven by transvascular pressure differential. However, in the context of endothelial injury or enhanced vascular permeability caused by increased pulmonary arterial pressure, PASMC are exposed to shear stress or to enhanced transmural interstitial flow. Shear stress can increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt). An increase in [Ca2+]cyt in PASMC is a major trigger for vasoconstriction and a key stimulus for cell proliferation, which contribute to vascular remodeling. We show here that shear stress induced increased [Ca2+]cyt in PASMC from patients with IPAH compared with control. Fluid...
Lipoxygenase-catalyzed transformation of epoxy fatty acids to hydroxy-endoperoxides: a potential P450 and lipoxygenase interaction

Herein, we characterize a generally applicable transformation of fatty acid epoxides by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes that results in the formation of a five-membered endoperoxide ring in the end product. We demonstrated this transformation using soybean LOX-1 in the metabolism of 15,16-epoxy-α-linolenic acid, and murine platelet-type 12-LOX and human 15-LOX-1 in the metabolism of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET). A detailed examination of the transformation of the two enantiomers of 15,16-epoxy-α-linolenic acid by soybean LOX-1 revealed that the expected primary product, a 13S-hydroperoxy-15,16-epoxide, underwent a nonenzymatic transformation in buffer into a new derivative that was purified by HPLC and identified by UV, LC-MS, and 1H-NMR as a 13,15-endoperoxy-16-hydroxy-octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid. The configuration of the endoperoxide (cis or trans side chains) depended on the steric relationship of the new hydroperoxy moiety to the enantiomeric configuration of the fatty acid epoxide. The reaction mechanism involves intramolecular nucleophilic substitution (SNi) between the hydroperoxy (nucleophile) and epoxy group (electrophile). Equivalent transformations were documented in metabolism of the enantiomers of 14,15-EET by the two mammalian LOX enzymes, 15-LOX-1 and platelet-type 12-LOX. We conclude that this type of transformation could occur naturally with the co-occurrence of LOX and cytochrome P450 or peroxygenase enzymes, and it could also contribute to the complexity of products formed in the autoxidation reactions of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Flushing sediment through reservoirs

The control of reservoir sedimentation through hydraulic flushing has been employed in several parts of the world to sustain the useful storage capacity of the reservoirs. However, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted to understand the sediment flushing processes. In this study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the flushing processes during drawdown flushing, including outflow sediment discharge, characteristics of the flushing channel and flushing effectiveness. From both laboratory and field data, it is found that outflow sediment discharge can be well related to a hydrauic parameter which is a function of outlet discharge, water-surface gradient and flushing channel width. It is also found that flushing efficiency increases dramatically when retrogressive erosion emerges. A geomorphic relationship is used to estimate the equilibrium width of the flushing channel. A 1-D diffusion model presented herein is employed only to simulate the general trend of bed profile evolution an...
Effective Content Vocabulary Instruction in the Middle: Matching Students, Purposes, Words, and Strategies.

Despite what we have learned about effective vocabulary instruction, and despite the fact that many teachers know vocabulary is important, teachers do not always incorporate best practices with their own instruction. These authors argue that part of the reason may be that the general instructional recommendations of vocabulary research don't always help teachers, particularly content teachers, bridge theory and practice. The issues in teaching vocabulary are often specific to the content, the students, and the instructional purposes. To help teachers address questions of which words to teach, which strategies to use, and how long to spend on teaching them, the authors propose a “four-level” instructional framework tailored to content area vocabulary. Using this framework, the authors show content teachers how to choose words and methods that match their students and their purposes.
Poverty and partisanship: Social and economic sources of support for the far Left in contemporary Germany

This article explores the changing politics of economic inequality in Germany in a time of economic austerity and high unemployment and how these changes have affected the electoral fortunes of parties on the German Left. While the SPD experienced a precipitous drop in its electoral support in the most recent federal elections, Die Linke (or the ‘Left’ Party) has emerged as a viable electoral force on the far Left. Though support for the PDS, Die Linke's predecessor, was almost exclusively confined to the Lander of the former DDR, Die Linke has seen its vote share increase in parts of Germany that were traditionally strongholds of the SPD. We analyze constituency-level election results from the 2005 and 2009 federal elections, examining the factors associated with the increase in support for Die Linke. We find that the party's vote share increased the most in constituencies suffering from economic decline, as well as in areas that were previously strongly supportive of the SPD. In the conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings for the future of the German Left and for parties of the far Left in other advanced industrial countries.
Linear and nonlinear hydrodynamics of low-friction adsorbed systems

A model is proposed which interpolates between the diffusive picture for particles adsorbed on a surface and the full hydrodynamics of a compressible fluid. The model is the Navier-Stokes equations modified by a friction term. When the friction parameter $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ is set equal to zero, the Navier-Stokes equations obtain, but for large $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, Fick's law and diffusive behavior for the density emerge. It is found that for $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ small enough, the dynamic structure factor should display sound peaks in a certain wave-number range. It is also shown that the infrared divergences that signal the breakdown of hydrodynamics for two-dimensional fluids are regulated by the frinction term. The possibility of observing the sound modes and the nonlinear corrections to the transport coefficients is discussed.
The Paschen-Back Effect of Hyperfine Structure I. Thallium II and III

The Zeeman effect of several characteristic lines of T1 II and T1 III has been studied at field strengths of 14700, 32500 and 43350 gauss. The transition from weak to strong fields shows exceedingly good agreement with the theory of Goudsmit and Bacher. Careful measurements of the magnetic patterns of certain lines indicate that McLennan and Allin's results are inaccurate.
Impaired Recovery from Hypothermia after Anterior Hypothalamic Lesions in Hibernators

Hypothermia was induced by hypercapnic hypoxia in thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Citellus tridecemlineatus. When the squirrels were allowed to recover normal body temperatures at a 10°C ambient temperature, those with anterior hypothalamicpreoptic lesions took three to four times longer than normal controls to reach a body temperature of 35°C.
Achievement motivation and goal-setting behaviour in the classroom.

Summary. The study demonstrates the construct validity of a forced-choice test called Sentence Completion Test as a measure of achievement motivation. Four hypotheses derived from McClelland's studies on achievement motivation and level of aspiration were tested. Excepting one, all the hypotheses were confirmed. It was found that Ss with high scores on SCT showed more positive goal discrepancy scores than others. A multivariate test of analysis of variance also revealed a significant over-all difference between the high and low n Ach groups in terms of three different measures derived from the estimated, aspired and actual scores on three psychology quizes given to eighty-five college freshmen.
A phase II evaluation of cisplatin, bleomycin, and mitomycin-C in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

Abstract Cisplatin, bleomycin, and mitomycin-C were used to treat 25 patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Six patients had a partial response, yielding a total response rate of 27%. Nine patients had stable disease. The median survival for the whole group was 30 weeks. The median survival for responders was 32 weeks. The median progression free interval for the whole group was 12 weeks and the median progression-free interval for responders was 14 weeks. The toxicities noted were primarily nausea, vomiting, and myelosupression. The combination of cisplatin, bleomycin, and mitomycin-C has modest effectiveness in the treatment of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, but represents no improvement over single-agent chemotherapy.
Differential down-regulation of beta3-adrenergic receptor mRNA and signal transduction by cold exposure in brown adipose tissue of young and senescent rats.

Diminished β3 adrenergic-stimulated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in senescent rats is restored by a short period of cold exposure. To investigate if the mechanism of this restoration involves preferential up-regulation of β3-adrenergic signal transduction in senescent compared with young rats, we examined the steady state levels of β3-adrenergic receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (β3AR mRNA) and the dose/response relationship for the activation of adenylyl cyclase by the selective β3-adrenergic agonist, BRL 37344 in BAT membranes from young and senescent rats with or without 2 days cold exposure at 8 °C. β3AR mRNA declined by 30% with age and by 60% with cold exposure in young rats. In contrast, cold exposure did not down-regulate β3AR mRNA in senescent rats. BRL 37344-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was 38% less in senescent rats and was desensitized by cold exposure decreasing maximum stimulation by 78% and increasing, the dissociation constant 2.5-fold. Cold exposure decreased BRL 37344-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity to a lesser extent in senescent rats (50%), such that the activity was similar in cold-exposed young and old rats. These data indicate that although cold exposure did not, as we hypothesized, up-regulate β3-adrenergic signal transduction in the senescent rats, cold exposure preferentially down-regulated β3AR mRNA and β3AR-mediated adenylyl cyclase in the young compared with senescent rats.
Geminiviral vectors based on bean yellow dwarf virus for production of vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies in plants

Expression of recombinant vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies using plant viral vectors has developed extensively during the past several years. The approach benefits from high yields of rec...
Cyclin B1 expression in HeLa S3 cells studied by flow cytometry.

Abstract Using a procedure to stain cells simultaneously for cyclin B1 protein and DNA, we have examined cyclin B1 expression by flow cytometry in human cells under a variety of perturbing and nonperturbing conditions. The method described is useful for measuring relative differences in cyclin B level (immunochemically detectable epitope) as a function of cell cycle position on an individual cell basis and thus to examine cell cycle-related changes in cyclin B expression without prior cell synchronization. We show that in HeLa S3 cells, cyclin B1 accumulates in cells only after they become 4C and have resided in G2 for a short period of time. During colcemid-induced mitotic arrest cyclin B1 continues to accumulate in HeLa S3 cells, and under specific conditions of aphidicolin-induced unbalanced cell growth induced, cyclin B accumulates to supranormal levels prior to mitosis. Flow cytometric analysis of cyclin B expression and DNA content permits detailed examination of the effects of cell cycle perturbations on cyclin B expression under a variety of conditions.
An Integrated Bioinformatics Approach Identifies Elevated Cyclin E2 Expression and E2F Activity as Distinct Features of Tamoxifen Resistant Breast Tumors

Approximately half of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumors will fail to respond to endocrine therapy. Here we used an integrative bioinformatics approach to analyze three gene expression profiling data sets from breast tumors in an attempt to uncover underlying mechanisms contributing to the development of resistance and potential therapeutic strategies to counteract these mechanisms. Genes that are differentially expressed in tamoxifen resistant vs. sensitive breast tumors were identified from three different publically available microarray datasets. These differentially expressed (DE) genes were analyzed using gene function and gene set enrichment and examined in intrinsic subtypes of breast tumors. The Connectivity Map analysis was utilized to link gene expression profiles of tamoxifen resistant tumors to small molecules and validation studies were carried out in a tamoxifen resistant cell line. Despite little overlap in genes that are differentially expressed in tamoxifen resistant vs. sensitive tumors, a high degree of functional similarity was observed among the three datasets. Tamoxifen resistant tumors displayed enriched expression of genes related to cell cycle and proliferation, as well as elevated activity of E2F transcription factors, and were highly correlated with a Luminal intrinsic subtype. A number of small molecules, including phenothiazines, were found that induced a gene signature in breast cancer cell lines opposite to that found in tamoxifen resistant vs. sensitive tumors and the ability of phenothiazines to down-regulate cyclin E2 and inhibit proliferation of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells was validated. Our findings demonstrate that an integrated bioinformatics approach to analyze gene expression profiles from multiple breast tumor datasets can identify important biological pathways and potentially novel therapeutic options for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers.
Multinational planning— Developing a global approach

Abstract The paper blends theory and practice through the use of concepts and real examples. Several theories about International management have been forwarded. This study presents views about a multinational corporation's motivations to go abroad, evaluation of new venture proposals, and how its subsidiary organization can become more effective in the host company. Polar differences in cultural, political, legal and social economic systems are the more important reasons contributing to the difficulty of the transfers of managerial ‘arts’ and philosophies. Management science, technologies, product design, manufacturing technology, plant and equipment are much more transferable among vastly differing cultures and communities. Also, practical implications of the theory have been provided at the end of the article. Examples are provided of how planning should be done in an international business. Also, the paper illustrates with examples the nature of planning and decision-making in an international environment.
Karhunen-Loève decomposition of the transient dynamics of a multibay truss

We compute the transient dynamics of an impulsively loaded multibay truss. In computing the transient responses we avoid numerical instabilities due to exponential dichotomy of the bay transfer matrices by employing the direct global matrix approach. This method eliminates the need of transfer matrix multiplications that are prone to numerical instabilities and, instead, requires a numerically stable inversion of a global transfer matrix of large dimension. The transient responses at multiple points of the truss are used to perform system Identification of the dynamics using Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) decomposition. This analysis computes dominant coherent structures (proper orthogonal modes) of the truss under specific transient excitations, together with the energy of each identified coherent structure. The identified K-L modes can be used to develop accurate low-order models of the truss dynamics for control or substructure synthesis purposes.
Hybridoma preservation at −70°C: a simple and economical procedure for the short-term storage and individual recovery of hybridomas☆

Abstract A simple, economical, and time-saving procedure for freezing freshly prepared hybridomas at −70°C is described. The procedure allows for supernatant fluid collection and storage of hybridomas in 96-well flexible polyvinyl microtiter plates. As the plates are sealed, and the plate is relatively soft, individual wells can be removed and cells recovered at the investigator's discretion. Consequently, this procedure allows significant latitude with regard to the time-consuming steps usually associated with hybridoma screening, expansion, and sub-cloning techniques.
Coronary venous retroinfusion of deferoxamine reduces infarct size in pigs.

Abstract The efficacy of coronary venous retroinfusion of the iron chelator deferoxamine was studied in 24 pentobarbital-anesthetized open chest pigs with a 60 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Eight retrogradely treated pigs were given 10 mg/kg body weight of deferoxamine by way of the anterior interventricular vein and eight systemically treated pigs received the same doses of deferoxamine intravenously. Drug infusions lasted for 5 min, beginning 15 min before reperfusion. Eight control pigs received systemic intravenous saline solution. Myocardial area at risk and necrotic area were assessed by the monastral blue dye and the triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method, respectively. There were no significant differences in hemodynamics or regional myocardial function (sonomicrometry) among the groups. Infarct size expressed as percent of risk area was 73.9 ± 13.5% in the control group, 70.6 ± 16.4% in the systemically treated group and 48.5 ± 21.4% (p In conclusion, deferoximine significantly reduced infarct size after coronary occlusion only when given regionally by way of the coronary vein. Because there was no significant hemodvnamk effect caused by deferoxamine infusion, it is suggested that this drug prevents postischemic reperfusion injury by a direct cardioprotective effect.
Supercomputer simulation of colliding microdrops of water

Abstract Microdrop collisions are important in fast kinetic, microwave, nucleation and rainstorm studies. In this paper a molecular model of colliding microdrops of water is simulated on a CRAY X-MP/24. A least squares fit of the force field allows relatively large time steps in the numerical procedure. Rotating “raindrop” modes, “dumbell” modes and oscillatory oblateness modes are demonstrated, as are nonadhesive soft and hard collisions.
Adult asthma exacerbations and environmental triggers: a retrospective review of ED visits using an electronic medical record

Abstract Background Despite familiarity with triggers for asthma, there is little recent study on the association of triggers with the emergency department (ED) presentation of adult asthma exacerbation. Methods Retrospective electronic chart review of adult patients treated in an urban teaching hospital ED with chief complaint and diagnostic coding related to asthma and upper respiratory tract infection (URI) was conducted. Monthly aeroallergen data and environmental conditions were obtained from a local allergen extract laboratory and local government sources. Data analysis was performed using Newey-West time series regression modeling with adjustment for autocorrelation or ordinary least squares linear regression modeling using outcome variables of asthma visits and admissions. Results There were 56 747 visits, with 554 asthma visits and 1 514 URI visits. Asthma visits (R2 = 0.631) were positively correlated with tree pollen counts (correlation coefficient = 0.458 [0.152-0.765]) and average humidity (correlation coefficient = 1.528 [0.296-2.760]). Asthma admissions (R2 = 0.480) were negatively correlated with average temperature (correlation coefficient = −0.557 [−1.052 to −0.061]) when adjusting for confounding by fine particulate matter. Conclusions The ED acute asthma exacerbation presentation is positively correlated with tree pollen and humidity, whereas need for admission is associated with dropping temperatures. These results reinforce the need for vigilance during periods of increased risk and perhaps focused preventative strategies.
Computer simulation for the design of high performance, high-Tc superconducting thin film switches

Abstract The transient temperature distribution of a high- power, high-T c superconducting thin-film (YBaCuO) switch is studied in order to estimate the thermal limitations when it is quenched to normal state. The thermal response of a cylindrical thin-film device was simulated by a circuit analysis program (PSpice, [1]), using an electrical model. The results for the two examples (sapphire and MgO substrate) show that the performance of the switch can be enhanced by improving heat convection to the coolant, or by redesigning the structure with better electrical properties allowing less power dissipation.
VEGF-induced survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is independent of Bcl-2 phosphorylation.

VEGF-induced survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is independent of Bcl-2 phosphorylation
Diagnostic efficiency of an ability-focused battery.

An ability-focused battery (AFB) is a selected group of well-validated neuropsychological measures that assess the conventional range of cognitive domains. This study examined the diagnostic efficiency of an AFB for use in clinical decision making with a mixed sample composed of individuals with neurological brain dysfunction and individuals referred for cognitive assessment without evidence of neurological disorders. Using logistic regression analyses and ROC curve analysis, a five-domain model composed of attention, processing speed, visual-spatial reasoning, language/verbal reasoning, and memory domain scores was fitted that had an AUC of.89 (95% CI =.84–.95). A more parsimonious two-domain model using processing speed and memory was also fitted that had an AUC of.90 (95% confidence interval =.84–.95). A model composed of a global ability score calculated from the mean of the individual domain scores was also fitted with an AUC of.88 (95% CI =.82–.94).
Genetic mapping of the barley nitrate reductase-deficient nar1 and nar2 loci.

The nar2 locus that codes for a protein involved in molybdenum cofactor function in nitrate reductase and other molybdoenzymes was mapped to barley chromosome 7. F2 genotypic data from F3 head rows indicated nar2 is located 8.4±2.1 and 23.0± 4.6 cm from the narrow leaf dwarf (nld) and mottled seedling (mt2) loci, respectively. This locates the nar2 locus at 54.7±3.1 cm from the short-haired rachilla (s) locus near the centromere of chromosome 7. Close linkage of nar2 with DDT resistance (ddt) and high lysine (lys3) loci was detected but could not be quantified due to deviations from the individual expected 1∶2∶1 segregations for the ddt and lys3 genes. Southern blots of wheat-barley addition lines probed with a nitrate reductase cDNA located the NADH : nitrate reductase structural gene, nar1, to chromosome 6.
Identification of a male-produced pheromone ofAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) attractive to conspecific males.

Observations in the laboratory and in the field indicated that maleAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner), the velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), are attracted to conspecific courting males. Male VBC subsequently were found to be attracted to extracts of male abdominal tips including the extrudable hairpencils. The active chemical in these extracts was identified as (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene, which is also one of the major components of the female VBC sex pheromone. Male VBC in a wind tunnel and in the field exhibited a bimodal response distribution to a range of ratios of the (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene, with one maximum at the pure heneicosatriene alone and the other at the 60∶40 female blend. This demonstrates that the male response to the male hairpencil component is distinct from that to the female sex pheromone.
Migrating from terror: The postcolonial novel after September 11

Following 9/11, public rhetoric in the United States equated Islam with terror. This equation permitted the internment and deportation of Muslim immigrants and lent inevitability to the invasion not only of Afghanistan but also of Iraq. When even liberal newspapers and Democratic politicians supported the war on terror, one looked to literature for an alternative. Yet several novels published in the aftermath of 9/11 – John Updike’s The Terrorist, Don DeLillo’s Falling Man, and Alexie Sherman’s Flight – inadvertently reinforced the dominant rhetoric. Set in a United States where virtually every Muslim in sight was a terrorist, they could at best hope to make the violence understandable. Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006), Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007), and Hisham Matar’s In the Country of Men (2007) offer a postcolonial perspective on revolutionary violence. Where the war on terror opposes East and West, these novels internalize a conflict in ordinary people between their cu...
Residence time distribution of cylindrical particles in a curved section of a holding tube: the effect of particle size and flow rate

The residence time and the residence time distributions of cylindrical particles (density 1130 kg/m 3 and particle concentration 20% v/v) in a U-bend of 22 cm radius of curvature were studied. All experiments were conducted at room temperature and with an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (0.5% CMC) as the carrier medium. Two levels of particle size (11 and 20 mm) and three levels of product flow rates (0.66x10 -3 , 0.81x10 -3 , and 0.97x 10 -3 m 3 /s) were used. The results obtained from this study showed that the mean and the standard deviation of the normalized residence time of particles decreased as either particle size or flow rate was increased. The E(θ) and F(θ) curves indicated that flow profile of particles approached the plug flow profile as the particle size or the flow rate was increased. Results obtained from regression analyses revealed that the mean and the standard deviation of the normalized residence time were significantly influenced by particle Froude number and most strongly by particle-to-tube diameter ratio.
Photochemistry and photophysics of stilbene and diphenylpolyene surfactants in supported multilayer films

A number of surfactant trans-stilbene derivatives have been synthesized and investigated in supported Langmuir-Blodgett assemblies. Layers of pure stilbene surfactants or mixtures with fatty acids show 'H' aggregate characteristics including relatively low oscillator strengths for the lowest excited singlet state. Consequently these exhibit relatively low ability, individually, to donate excitation energy or transfer electrons over long ranges. Mixtures of these stilbenes, layered together to form mixed films, also show 'H' aggregate characteristics but give evidence for delocalization which can effectively span the width of an entire monolayer and result in efficient energy and electron transfer processes over distances spanning several monolayers. The extension to 'H' aggregated and dilute (monomer) diphenylbutadiene and diphenylhexatriene layers results in assemblies in which vectorial energy transfer and redox processes can occur. One of the molecules used as an energy transfer and electron transfer quencher is the cobalt (III) complex of 8S1A. Although this molecule undergoes photochemical intramolecular-electron transfer-induced fragmentation in solution and microheterogeneous media, it show net photostability in the films but serves a highly effective trap.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Riemannian geometry in thermodynamic fluctuation theory

Although thermodynamic fluctuation theory originated from statistical mechanics, it may be put on a completely thermodynamic basis, in no essential need of any microscopic foundation. This review views the theory from the macroscopic perspective, emphasizing, in particular, notions of covariance and consistency, expressed naturally using the language of Riemannian geometry. Coupled with these concepts is an extension of the basic structure of thermodynamic fluctuation theory beyond the classical one of a subsystem in contact with an infinite uniform reservoir. Used here is a hierarchy of concentric subsystems, each of which samples only the thermodynamic state of the subsystem immediately larger than it. The result is a covariant thermodynamic fluctuation theory which is plausible beyond the standard second-order entropy expansion. It includes the conservation laws and is mathematically consistent when applied to fluctuations inside subsystems. Tests on known models show improvements. Perhaps most significantly, the covariant theory offers a qualitatively new tool for the study of fluctuation phenomena: the Riemannian thermodynamic curvature. The thermodynamic curvature gives, for any given thermodynamic state, a lower bound for the length scale where the classical thermodynamic fluctuation theory based on a uniform environment could conceivably hold. Straightforward computation near the critical point reveals that the curvature equals the correlation volume, a physically appealing finding. The combination of the interpretation of curvature with a well-known proportionality between the free energy and the inverse of the correlation volume yields a purely thermodynamic theory of the critical point. The scaled equation of state follows from the values of the critical exponents. The thermodynamic Riemannian metric may be put into the broader context of information theory.
Regioselectivity in the Palladium/(S)-BINAP(S)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination: Reaction Scope, Kinetics, and Stereodynamics

Studies defining the scope of the reaction and understanding the factors controlling the unusual regioselectivity observed in the Pd/{BINAP(S)}-catalyzed allylic amination reaction are presented. Most of the unsymmetrically substituted allylic substrates tested show regioselectivity that is the reverse of that which would normally be expected in Pd-catalyzed systems. Several cationic η 3 -allylic complexes containing a Pd{BINAP(S)} fragment have been synthesized in an attempt to correlate this behavior with structural features of the ligand and the solution structure of the allylpalladium complex. Notably, allylic amines with an α-quaternary carbon center may be prepared with high regioselectivity with this system. Spin-saturation transfer studies (SST) were performed on two (κ 2 -P,S)Pd-π-allyl complexes in order to determine relative rates for Pd-η 3 -η 1 -η 3 -allyl interconversions and the hemilabile behavior of the BINAP(S) ligand.