cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and Control of Stochastic Linear Multispecies Ecosystem Models

Identification, verification and validation of linear state-space models are discussed. A model with three states: the densities of waterfowl species (mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, blue-winged teal, Anas discors, and pintail, Anas acuta) and one input, the density of ponds, was identified based on data from annual surveys done by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in north-central North America for the last 30 years. An optimal stochastic set-point controller was designed for the system with the following goals in mind: (1) keeping populations as close as possible to their 30-year averages; (2) penalties for deviations from the goal were equal for the three species; and (3) penalty on applying the control (i.e., regulating the density of ponds) is to be considered. The density of each species separately depends on the density of ponds. However, because of interspecific interactions, the optimal controller dictates that to increase the population of pintail, the density of ponds should be decreased. Other stochastic controllers: tracking a desired goal (e.g., density of waterfowl), where the goal itself changes over time; and the effect of unmodeled disturbances and modeling errors on the optimal controller are discussed.
Latin American Trade Strategy at Century's End

This paper tackles the question of trade strategy and differential economic performance in Latin America, with a focus on the four countries—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico—most important for the successful completion of a full Western Hemispheric integration scheme. The analysis distinguishes between a ‘standard’ market strategy that assigns the task of economic adjustment to market forces, and a ‘competitive’ strategy that more actively employs a range of public policies to facilitate adjustment and correct for instances of market failure. The choices of strategy are explored against the backdrop of international pressures, government business relations, and institutional reform within the state. Two main conclusions are drawn: first, the competitive strategy strongly correlates with more favorable macro- and microeconomic outcomes and, second, mediocre economic performance under a standard market strategy has undermined the spirit of collective action that will be necessary to forge ahead at the hemispheric level.
The Metaphysics of Persons

Sosa has viewed personal identity as a function of the causal continuity and connectedness of person-stages. I question whether this sort of approach provides a logically sufficient condition of personal identity. Yet, I find much to recommend in Sosa’s broadly Aristotelian account of persons, an account which implies that a person is not a Cartesian soul, or a Hobbesian body, but rather is “the embodiment by a body of a personal profile.” In defense of this account, Sosa ingeniously argues against the possibility of Cartesian souls on the ground that Diversity Cannot Stand Alone and against the possibility of dualistic interaction on the ground that causal relations supervene on qualitative noncausal factors. Both of these arguments are critically assessed. Finally, Sosa puts forward an apparent dilemma for his broadly Aristotelian ontology of physical substances, including people, namely, either (i) there is an “explosion of reality” (e.g., a spherical piece of snow constitutes infinitely many colocated physical objects), (ii) only noncompound physical objects exist, or (iii) the existence of a physical object is relative to a conceptual scheme. After discussing Sosa’s response to this apparent dilemma, I discuss a fourth alternative which incorporates a form of naturalism and which has some advantages.
Galilean satellite eclipse studies. III - Jovian methane abundance

The methane abundance in the lower Jovian stratosphere is measured using the Galilean satellite eclipse technique. The average mixing ratio at the locations measured is larger than the expected value for a solar abundance of carbon with the expected value for a solar abundance of carbon with the possibility of some zenographic variation. Observationally compatible values are found for the South Temperate Zone, the edge of the Great Red Spot and the South Tropical Zone, and the Great Red Spot.
Color nano emissive displays for large area HDTV

Nanotube emissive displays (NED) are new field emission displays, designed and built at Motorola labs, with particular attention devoted to the design of the field emission based CNT cathodes and the use of simple manufacturing processes. Specific elements in the device structure enable NED to deliver CRT-like performance characteristics including: high brightness and contrast, rapid video response, unrestricted viewing angle and excellent color capabilities. The device structure of CNT-based NED consists of a phosphor-coated anode, an electron emitting cathode, and a spacer/frame assembly.
Cholera Toxins: Purification and Preliminary Characterization of Ileal Loop Reactive Type 2 Toxin

Abstract Details for the preparation and partial purification of culture supernatant fluids of Vibrio cholerae (V. comma) 569B which retain rabbit ileal loop fluid-accumulating activity are presented. These preparations were fractionated on Sephadex G-200 and on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex. On the latter, two fractions were obtained by elution with a linear sodium chloride gradient. The fraction designated “fraction I” retains the toxic activity as demonstrated in the rabbit ileal loop model. Chemical and immunological properties of this active fraction are described.
Approximating Engine Tailpipe Orifice Noise Sound Quality using a Surge Tank and In-Duct Measurements

Because of the need to safely vent exhaust gases, most engine dynamometer facilities are not well suited to measuring engine exhaust orifice noise. Depending on the location of the dyno facility within the building, the exhaust system may need to be extended in order to properly vent the exhaust fumes. This additional ducting changes the acoustic modes of the exhaust system which will change the measured orifice noise. Duct additions downstream of the original orifice location also alter the termination impedance such that in-duct pressure measurements with and without the extended exhaust system can vary significantly. In order to minimize the effect of the building's exhaust system on the desired engine exhaust system measurements, the present approach terminates the engine exhaust into a large enclosed volume or surge tank before venting the gases into the building's ventilation system. The large volume of the surge tank produces acoustic reflections similar to those of an orifice open to the atmosphere. Two pressure transducers upstream of the surge tank are used to separate out the forward and backward traveling acoustic waves in the duct and approximate the particle acceleration at the exhaust orifice location using linear acoustic assumptions. The radiated orifice noise is then estimated from the particle acceleration using a simple source model. Comparisons of this approximated orifice noise with the actual external measurements reveal that this method correctly captures trends in the dominant engine orders and predicts the amplitudes of these orders within about 5 dB.
Libros antiguos en la Universidad del Cuzco: la "Biblioteca de los Jesuitas"

La Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco conserva una de las colecciones mas valiosas de libros antiguos existentes en nuestro pais. Se trata del fondo conocido como "Biblioteca de los Jesuitas", compuesto por poco mas de cuatro millares de ejemplares impresos en los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII. En una reciente visita, he constatado que no obstante el deterioro producido por las perdidas y el paso del tiempo, la coleccion es de enorme importancia bibliografica y documental, y un excepcional testimonio de la cultura del Cuzco colonial.1 La "Biblioteca de los Jesuitas" se encuentra ubicada hoy en dia en un par de habitaciones del sotano de la Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad. En 1995 el Instituto Italo Latinoamericano financio su ordenamiento y catalogacion. Dicha tarea estuvo a cargo de los profesores Gastone Breccia y Daniela Fugaro, quienes despues de varios meses de intenso trabajo registraron un total de 4146 volumenes. Resultado de esta labor es el catalogo titulado Fondo antiguo de la biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad
Methods for Automated Problem Mapping

It is anticipated that in order to make effective use of many future high performance architectures, programs will have to exhibit at least a medium grained parallelism. Methods for aggregating work represented by a directed acyclic graph are of particular interest for use in conjunction with techniques now under development for the automated exploitation of parallelism.
Scaling surf zone turbulence

[1] Turbulence in the surf zone, the shallow region adjacent to the shoreline, has a key role in beach erosion, fertilization, dispersal, and larval settlement of marine invertebrates, and microbial contamination dilution in beach waters. Breaking-wave generated (the dominant source) surf zone turbulence is understood poorly. A new surf zone turbulent dissipation rateϵ scaling is derived, that collapses new field surf zone ϵobservations with relatively high skill compared to other scalings. The vertically-uniform length-scale is 1/6 the water depth, and 15% of the wave-energy flux gradient is dissipated below the mean surface. Field and laboratory surf zone turbulence observations are shown to be consistent using the scaling. The non-dimensional surf zone diffusivity and suspended sediment profile can be applied to sediment transport and a range of biological processes including microbial pathogen contamination of beach waters.
Two arm adaptive load apportioning using a Hopfield neural net

The interactive control issue of two robot manipulators jointly grasping a rigid object with no slippage is addressed. The use of wrist force/torque sensors on each robot arm is required to implement this control strategy. There are two items to control: (1) the forces/torques applied by the two arms that cause internal stress in the object (bias forces); and (2) the forces/torques applied by the two arms that cause acceleration of the object and overcome gravity (inertial forces). Since an object in 3-space has 6 degrees of freedom (motion along the three axes and rotation about the three axes), the bias forces or apportioned inertial forces in each of these 6 degrees of freedom can be selectively controlled. Unfortunately, it is not possible to do both in a single direction. The Hopfield neural network is used to determine the optimum (in a weighted least squares sense) load-apportioning feedback gains. Simulation results are presented. >
Conceptual Remixing in Criminology: Tracing Durkheim and Marx's Influence on Etiological Theories of Crime

Sociologists have previously argued that our current knowledge and inquiries stem from our standing on the shoulders of giants. Exactly how this occurs, however, may be less clear. This paper identifies how the works of two of the most valued classical social theorists – Durkheim and Marx – have influenced theories of crime causation. In doing so, I reveal that classical social theory continues to be relevant in the advancement of criminological thought. Identifying this lineage is crucial in developing more informed research and policy on crime and social control, which is especially important given the widespread interest in crime and delinquency among students (and citizens more generally).
Medical Signal Processing

The sections in this article are 1 Medical Signals 2 Medical Imaging 3 Ultrasound 4 Ecology of Medical Imaging 5 Image Processing and Interpretation1
PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE IN EARLY INFANCY: CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND OENTGENOGRAPHIC FEATURES

Sixteen infants under 11 weeks of age developed documented peptic ulcer disease involving the stomach, duodenum or pylorus during an eight-year period in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit. The precipitous onset of gastrointestinal bleeding and/or perforation commonly associated with ulcer disease in early infancy was present in only seven (44%) of the 16 patients. The remaining nine infants (56%) presented with recurrent emesis, a presentation of peptic ulcer disease rarely described in the first weeks of life. Contrast radiography was used to demonstrate a definite ulcer crate in 13 of these patients. Two had their ulcers diagnosed at surgery and one by endoscopy. Radiographic demonstration of pylorospasm and/or gastric retention was often associated with ulcer craters located in the pyloric channel or gastric antrum. Only two patients required surgery for massive bleeding and perforation. The remainder were successfully managed medically using orogastric suction antacids and gradual resumption of milk feedings. There were no deaths within our population attributable to peptic ulcer disease.
Bovine prothrombin does not contain α-d-galactopyranosyl groups

Abstract Using purified lectins ( Bandeiraea simplicifolia I-B 4 isolectin and the castor bean agglutinin) and glycosidases (α- and β-galactosidases) we have shown that the terminal, non-reducing galactopyranosyl groups of asialoprothrombin possess the β-configuration rather than the α-anomeric form previously reported.
Characterization of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases That Dephosphorylate the High Affinity IgE Receptor

Abstract An early event that follows aggregation of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FceRI) is the phosphorylation of protein tyrosines, especially those on the β- and γ-subunits of the receptor. Disaggregation of the receptors leads to their rapid dephosphorylation, but even stably aggregated receptors undergo continual rounds of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. We developed assays to study dephosphorylation of the receptors and other cellular proteins. Whole cell extracts dephosphorylated both subunits of the receptors rapidly and were as active against aggregated as against disaggregated FceRI. Upon disaggregation, the in vivodephosphorylation of the FceRI and several other proteins followed first-order kinetics with closely similar rate constants despite substantial differences in the extent of phosphorylation. These results suggest that the level of phosphorylation of FceRI is largely controlled by the aggregation-induced action of kinase(s) and not from changes in susceptibility to or activity of the phosphatases. Much of the total phosphatase is lost when the cells are permeabilized, but the rate of dephosphorylation of disaggregated FceRI was comparable in intact and permeabilized cells. Thus, much of the activity utilized by the cell to dephosphorylate the FceRI is likely to be associated with the plasma membrane.
New procedure for ascorbic acid analysis by the osazone method.

SummaryThe osazone method for ascorbic analysis(l) and a number of published modifications of this method (2-4) have been evaluated to derive a procedure which is simultaneously sensitive, specific, accurate, and easy to carry out for routine analyses. In the resulting method, the time-consuming use of Norit and 85% sulfuric acid(l) is avoided, the sensitivity is twice that obtained when glacial acetic acid (3) is used, and a source of error introduced with the use of 2,6-dichloro-phenolindophenol(4) to oxidize ascorbic acid before formation of the osazone is eliminated. The resulting method has been found to be quite satisfactory with respect to sensitivity, specificity, facility, and recovery of added ascorbic acid.
Studies on the initiation of simian virus 40 replication in vitro: RNA primer synthesis and its elongation.

Abstract DNA primase-dependent synthesis of oligoribonucleotides 10-15 nucleotides long was observed in the presence of ATP, UTP, GTP, and CTP by using the purified components of the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication system. The DNA primase-catalyzed reaction required the SV40 large tumor antigen (T antigen), DNA polymerase alpha (pol-alpha), the three-subunit human single-stranded DNA binding protein (HSSB), and topoisomerase I. The synthesis of small RNAs was unaffected by the addition of activator 1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and DNA polymerase delta, proteins that can support extensive leading-strand synthesis. The RNA primers were derived predominantly from transcription of the lagging-strand template, even after prolonged incubation, indicating that the leading strand did not serve as a template. When the four dNTPs were added after oligoribonucleotide synthesis, pol-alpha extended the RNA primers hybridized to SV40 DNA. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the small RNA chains were elongated to Okazaki-sized products. T7 DNA polymerase was also shown to rapidly extend oligoribonucleotide primers in the presence of aphidicolin or antibodies against pol-alpha, conditions under which pol-alpha was markedly inhibited. These findings suggest that interactions between T antigen, pol-alpha-primase, and HSSB position the pol-alpha-primase complex on the lagging-strand template for RNA primer synthesis.
Seasonality and Stock-Adjustment Models of Retail Food Store Inventory Behavior

In this paper I apply competing specifications of the stock-adjustment process for retail inventories to both seasonal and seasonally adjusted retail food store data. My objective is to determine whether the contradictory evidence from previous research regarding the adequacy of stock-adjustment models can be explained by differences in model specification and the treatment of seasonality. The results indicate that seasonally adjusted data obscure important aspects of retail inventory behavior. A stock-adjustment model which allows for the role of ending inventories in meeting expected future sales performs better than a competing model.
Differential equations for rational conformal characters

Abstract The characters of a rational conformal field theory are the solutions of a modular invariant differential equation. We cast this equation into a form in which the independent variable is not the modular parameter τ, but rather a modular function of τ, successively the Picard λ-function and the modular invariant function j . This enables us to determine the modular transformations of the characters from the monodromy of the solutions of the equation. The requirement that the characters form a unitary representation of the modular group results in restrictions on h and c . Knowledge of the modular transformations also allows us to find the relative normalization of the characters in the one-loop partition function, which specifies the absolute multiplicities of states in the conformal field theory. We carry this out explicitly for a certain class of second order equations in which the characters can be written in terms of hypergeometric functions.
Evaluating the Effect of Affinity Card Programs on Customer Profitability Using Propensity Score Matching

Abstract Affinity card programs have become popular in recent times and account for one fifth of all credit card accounts. There is no research that links affinity card programs to customer profitability. Moreover, little is known about what type of affinity card programs would lead to higher profit. Using a large proprietary dataset we answer the above questions. We also apply propensity score matching, a relatively new technique, to control for selection bias in addressing the above issues. Contrary to previous research and common belief, we show that affinity card customers are no more profitable than non-affinity card holders. We also show that sports-based affinity programs are the least profitable and surprisingly, alumni-based affinity programs also do poorly relative to other types of affinity. On the positive side, affinity card customers are lower risk and help to lower the average risk of the portfolio of customers.
Radiotherapy for local control of osteosarcoma.

Abstract Purpose Local control of osteosarcoma in patients for whom a resection with satisfactory margins is not achieved can be difficult. This study evaluated the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) in this setting. Methods and materials We identified 41 patients in our sarcoma database with osteosarcomas that either were not resected or were excised with close or positive margins and who underwent RT with external beam photons and/or protons at our institution between 1980 and 2002. Patient charts were reviewed to assess local control, progression-free survival, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival. Results The anatomic sites treated were head/face/skull in 17, extremity in 8, spine in 8, pelvis in 7, and trunk in 1. Of the 41 patients, 27 (65.85%) had undergone gross total tumor resection, 9 (21.95%) subtotal resection, and 5 (12.2%) biopsy only. The radiation dose ranged from 10 to 80 Gy (median 66). Twenty-three patients (56.1%) received a portion of their RT with protons. Chemotherapy was given to 35 patients (85.4%). Of the 41 patients, 27 (65.85%) were treated for localized disease at primary presentation, 10 (24.4%) for local recurrence, and 4 (9.8%) for metastatic disease. The overall local control rate at 5 years was 68% ± 8.3%. The local control rate according to the extent of resection was 78.4% ± 8.6% for gross total resection 77.8% ± 13.9% for subtotal resection, and 40% ± 21.9% for biopsy only ( p p p p p p p = 0.11). Of 15 patients with tumors >5.3 cm, 9 received doses ≥55 Gy and the local control rate was 80% ± 17.9%, and 6 received doses p = 0.16). Among patients who underwent gross total resection, the local control rate was 77.5% ± 9.95% in 22 patients with negative margins vs 66.7% ± 27.2% in 3 patients with positive margins ( p = 0.54). Two patients had unknown margin status. Conclusion RT can help provide local control of osteosarcoma for patients in whom surgical resection with widely, negative margins is not possible. It appears to be more effective in situations in which microscopic or minimal residual disease is being treated.
Entropy measures for controlled coding

In this paper, we present an approach to characterize video sequences using information theoretic measures. This characterization is then used to efficiently represent a volume of video. In a typical video sequence, sometimes texture reveals structure, in other cases motion does it. In addition, the temporal and spatial extents are variables. The attempt of this work is to build this structure by looking at a given region over a multiplicity of frames and scales using entropy measures. We then present a hierarchically structured class of coders that efficiently represent this volume of video. The structure built in the analysis stage is used to control and select amongst this class of coders.
Immediate and Delayed Bilateral Transfer of Throwing Accuracy in Male and Female Children

In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the nature and persistence of bilateral transfer of a throwing skill for a large sample of male and female children. One hundred sixty children ages 6, 8, 10, and 12 years were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group with an equal number of boys and girls in each group. The experiment lasted 2 days and consisted of a pretest, a practice phase, an immediate transfer test, and a delayed transfer test. On the pretest, each participant performed 10 trials of a novel one-hand throwing task. Following the pretest, participants in the experimental group practiced the skill with the hand opposite the one used during the pretest until they had successfully reached a designated criterion for their age. Participants in the control group performed a balancing activity. Following the practice phase, all participants performed immediate (10 min later) and delayed (24 hr later) transfer tests under the same conditions as the pretest. The results revealed no group differences on the pretest but significantly higher throwing accuracy for the experimental group than the control group on both transfer tests. In addition, boys' throwing accuracy was significantly superior to the girls. It was concluded that bilateral transfer of throwing accuracy can be both a temporary and relatively persistent phenomenon for children and the superior throwing accuracy for boys is consistent with similar gender differences in throwing distance and throwing velocity (Thomas & French, 1985).
Aparatos tecnológicos para la producción del habla en el niño sordo

T ODO aparato sensorial que ayuda a los hablantes sordos a recibir los diferentes aspectos del habla producidos por otros, se pueden considerar ayudas indirectas a la produccion del habla puesto que aprender a hablar requiere numerosos ejemplos ajenos, para imitar y comparar luego las tentativas de uno mismo. Sin embargo, no se debe suponer que los aparatos que ayudan a la percepcion del habla sean suficientes en si para estimular la produccion del habla inteligible en los ninos sordos, o que el entrenamiento auditivo necesariamente conduzca al mejoramiento de ella. Algunos aparatos sensoriales incluso pueden limitar la produccion del habla, como es el caso de un sistema de amplificacion acustica con el microfono solo frente a la boca de la profesora, sin dar al estudiante la retroalimentacion de su propia produccion. Se requieren aparatos sensoriales especiales y la practica activa de la produccion del habla para lograr la inteligibilidad.
Angiographic documentation of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect in an adult.

The spontaneous complete closure of a ventricular septal defect during adult life was documented by serial cardiac catheterization and angiograms.
Do Stimulants Provoke, Cause, or Exacerbate Tics and Tourette Syndrome?

Abstract Stimulant drugs are reported to cause, provoke or exacerbate tics and Tourette syndrome. A review of the clinical reports in the literature provides virtually no evidence that stimulants cause or provoke Tourette syndrome, and provides inadequate evidence that stimulants used in clinically appropriate dosages can cause tics in previously asymptomatic patients or exacerbate tics in patients with preexisting tics or Tourette syndrome. A combination of methylphenidate and haloperidol did not increase tics in 42 patients treated by us for concomitant hyperactivity and Tourette syndrome, nor in most of 62 patients with Tourette syndrome treated with stimulants for various adverse effects from haloperidol. Although tics may increase in some patients at a dosage of methylphenidate that simultaneously decreases lethargy, dysphoria, amotivation, and impaired cognition, and there is no net gain in the therapeutic to toxic ratio, the effect is short-lived and the potential benefits of stimulants outweigh the disadvantages. Clinical experience suggests that stimulants and butyrophenones are not antagonistic but have overlapping but different effects on tics and adverse effects from haloperidol. These observations about the effect of stimulants do not support the catecholamine hypothesis for tics and Tourette syndrome, and the hypothesis unfortunately may have been contributed to by erroneous clinical observations. Our conclusion from a review of the literature and clinical experience, is that it would be premature to deprive patients of effective stimulant medication for symptoms of hyperactivity and for the adverse effects from the use of haloperidol.
Successful bilateral composite ear reattachment.

Complex composite anatomic amputations or deglovings pose a reconstructive challenge that has been largely answered by microsurgical revascularization whenever feasible. In the case of ear amputations, several reports appear in the literature documenting the success of such replantations,1–5 and the challenges in these difficult cases are nicely reviewed and summarized by Steffen et al6 In the absence of suitable vessels for microvascular reattachment, few options have proven to be predictably reliable as far as ensuring survival of a composite graft larger than 2 cm in maximal dimension. McDowell7 reported on the successful reattachment of a 2.5-cm fragment, and Larsen and Pless8 reported on the posterior shaving technique for salvage of ear cartilage for future reconstruction. Banking ear cartilage has also been described by creating a biologic subcutaneous pocket for future reconstruction at a later stage.9–12 We report the successful simultaneous composite reattachment of bilateral amputated pinnas in the same patient with nearly 100% survival of both ears.
Relationships of environmental contaminants to reproductive success in red-breasted mergansers Mergus serrator from lake Michigan

Abstract In 1977 and 1978, we studied red-breasted mergansers Mergus serrator nesting on islands in northwestern Lake Michigan to determine whether environmental contaminants were having effects on reproduction. Seventeen contaminants were measured in randomly chosen eggs from 206 nests under study. Using a variety of statistical approaches, we looked for effects of individuals contaminants and combinations of contaminants on reproductive measurements such as nest desertion, failure of eggs to hatch, death of newly hatched ducklings, percentage hatching success, number of ducklings leaving the nest and eggshell thickness. We also looked for relationships between the levels of some contaminants in blood samples of 39 incubating females and reproductive success. A small degree of eggshell thinning was attributed to DDE and a few other statistical tests were significant, but no contaminant or combination of contaminants we measured seemed to have a pronounced effect on the aspects of reproduction we followed.
Cirdis: A BASIC program for computing interindividual distances within a circular area

The use of interindividual distances as a quantitative measure of social attraction is widespread in animal social psychology (Barefoot, Aspey, & Olson, 1975; Eckman, Meltzer, & Latane, 1969; Latane, 1969; Latane, Cappell, & Joy, 1970; Latane & Glass, 1968; Latane, Schneider, Waring, & Zweigenhaft, 1971). However, obtaining large numbers of accurate distance measurements can be unwieldy, especially when numerous subjects are observed over multiple trials and testing sessions. The program CIRDIS refers to "circle distances," and facilitates raw data collection and organization by computing interindividual distances between two freely behaving subjects in a circular open field over any number of trials and testing sessions. The program is written for a circular area marked off into 49 numbered sectors of nearly equal area and shape by a series of concentric circles and radii (Figure 1). Field diameter is user specified, and the program is adaptable to a variety of applications wherever pairs of locations can be specified in terms of 49 sectors. Additional research examples, other than from rat
A discussion of hirano and Aniya's (1988, 1989) explanation of glacial‐valley cross profile development

In A rational explanation of cross-profile morphology for glacial valleys and of glacial valley development, Hirano and Aniya (1988) present an explanation for the apparent catenary form of glaciated-valley cross profiles based on the assumption that glacial erosion works towards minimizing friction between a glacier and its channel. However, as there is as yet no convincing justification for the application of such extremum principles to this problem, it is not clear how useful this type of analysis might be. In more detail, Hirano and Aniya's analysis includes assumptions about patterns of basal water pressures and the controls on friction inconsistent with other work in this area. Furthermore, as Hirano and Aniya (1989) point out, the catenary solution they derive is the maximum rather than the minimum friction solution. The underlying reason for this surprising result is that the variational principle Hirano and Aniya use is inappropriately structured for the problem being addressed, as it does not involve a cross-section area, i.e. ice discharge, constraint. Hirano and Aniya also discuss the progressive development of glacial-valley cross profiles, but their analysis is hindered by the fact that most of the data they present are purely morphological, and thus cannot be used to assess form development as a function of either time or extent of glacial erosion. The only possible exceptions are Graf's (1970) data, which give morphological parameters as a function of valley order, but these do not unequivocally support Hirano and Aniya's conclusions, and are used with implicit assumptions about the relationship between valley order and time of glacial occupation or magnitude of glacial erosion that are incorrect or uncorroborated, respectively. However, if we accept the common assumption that glacial erosion results in a progression from initial V-shaped to broadly U-shaped (parabolic or catenary) forms, Hirano and Aniya's argument that there are two distinct types of form development (incision in alpine situations versus valley widening under ice sheets) is justified, and is an important observation that needs to be addressed in future models of glacial-valley development.
The principal affordance of publishing texts online: Possible implications for the bibliographic universe model

In this presentation, I argue for focusing the attention of classification theorists on the implications of what I argue to be the principal affordance of publishing texts online, in contrast to their publication on paper, and that is the capability for an author or creator to update an online text without the text having to be republished as a new physical edition. This affordance is a result of the possibilities provided for by a shift in the materiality of textual carrier from physical to digital. I examine the implications of this capability for the WEMI model and argue that its starting point in terms of online “things” in the bibliographic universe should be modeled more granularly.
Management of ectoparasites with biological control organisms

Biological control is not a new concept, but for many reasons it is gaining interest for control of livestock ectoparasites. These reasons will be discussed, both from a political view and from environmental and economic views. The US government has vowed to reduce pesticide use by the year 2000, but other forces may drive this change even faster. Pesticide costs are high, and efficacy against some pests is questionable. Also, many producers are concerned about the environment, and are anxious to do their part to reduce chemical pollution. Specialised training is required to reduce on-the-farm difficulties involved with the use of biological-control organisms. Otherwise, how do producers or veterinarians purchase and use biocontrol organisms, and how do they critique what has been purchased? Included is a short summary of the three most common ectoparasites of livestock, and the type of biological-control strategies being developed to combat them. Much of the classical work has been done on filth fly control, most likely because of the nuisance status of flies, and because of the availability of candidate beneficial organisms, particularly parasitic wasps. And finally, two fly-control success stories will be briefly described. Tremendous strides have been made in house-fly and stable-fly control with parasitic wasps on feedlots, but more work is needed to better understand the habits of immature fly populations. A predaceous fly is being tested for pest fly control in dairies. Larvae of this fly can kill 15-20 house-fly larvae daily, and the adults do not become pestiferous on farms or around homes. Biological control will be an important part of livestock pest control in the future, but its implementation will require a corps of educated producers who are confident that biological control can work for them.
Effect of Base on the Solution Behavior of Oxo(d-penicillaminato)(l-penicillaminato)rhenate(V)

The effect of base on the solution behavior of oxo(d-penicillaminato)(l-penicillaminato)rhenate(V) (1) was investigated by 1H NMR, resonance Raman, and UV−visible spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectrum ...
Dielectric behavior of triethoxyfluorosilane aerogels

Abstract Low dielectric constant aerogels are being considered by the semiconductor industry as interlayer dielectrics to overcome capacitance problems which limit device feature sizes. Using sol–gel methods and CO 2 supercritical drying, a triethoxyfluorosilane (TEFS) precursor has been used to prepare bulk aerogels. Effects of pH and water to precursor ratio were studied with respect to aerogel dielectric and chemical properties. Methods of analysis for this study include FTIR-ATR and dielectric constant determination by impedance. Si–F bonds were determined to be present in both acid- and base-catalyzed TEFS. Dielectric constants were determined to increase slightly with increasing water to precursor ratios.
Structure of the combustion wave in the combustion synthesis of titanium carbides

From the recorded images of combustion wave propagation during the combustion synthesis of titanium carbide, real time combustion velocities have been determined with increase of density of the compact. Results demonstrate that the combustion velocity exhibits a maximum with increase of density of the compact, and the wave propagates in a steady-state manner. Real time temperature profiles suggest that adiabatic conditions exist during the steady-state propagation of the combustion wave. Analysis of the images for the propagation of the combustion wave suggest that density plays a major role in the nature of propagation and whether the combustion wave propagates or not. Pore structural analysis of the carbides indicate collapse of the original porosity of the carbons, and the collapse of porosity is attributable to an exothermic diffusional reaction occurring between liquid titanium and carbon forming a titanium carbide product layer.
A launch vehicle stability analysis using the parameter plane method

An attitude control system, which uses the acceleration vector attitude as the control variable, has been postulated for control of the first stage of a large space booster. The goal of this system is to minimize lateral drift. A stability analysis of this system based upon the parameter plane method is described.
Primary Vascular Tumors of the Heart in Infancy: Report of a Case with Successful Surgical Management

A six-week-old infant with a large vascular tumor of the right atrium was diagnosed preoperatively and treated successfully. This case illustrates the feasibility of radical excision of extensive atrial tumors and restoration of the atrial cavity using autologous pericardium.
Message from the 2014 Program Chair

It is our privilege to present to you the conference proceedings from the 18th annual meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators (IAMSE), held in beautiful Nashville Tennessee in June 2014. More than 400 attendees from 20 countries and 42 US states met for 4 days in this dynamic university town. The program committee designed the meeting to focus on the premise that the transforming landscape of medical education has created an unprecedented opportunity for medical educators to write the script for the future of medical education. The 2014 program sessions addressed a variety of related topics including technology, providing effective feedback, assessment approaches, simulation, appreciative inquiry, interprofessional education, and other contemporary topics. Notably, the Saturday preconference workshops featured over 85 meeting attendees to discuss continuous integration of basic science and clinical medicine, strategies on how to make active learning more effective, teaching ultrasound, applying adult learning theory, and how to overcome various barriers to publication. Five distinguished speakers presented key topics in contemporary medical sciences education. David Pederson delivered an address on the use of simulation, robotic surgery, technology, and ultrasound to engage tomorrow’s physicians. Mavis Schorn and colleagues discussed the use of Interprofessional Education (IPE) at Vanderbilt and interestingly described the application of IPE between Vanderbilt students and students from other universities as well. Nikki Woods gave a presentation on how physicians use foundational sciences to assist in their clinical reasoning and decision making. Karen Cornell addressed the importance of providing effective feedback to students and colleagues, stressing the importance of good communication skills and how to handle difficult conversations. Lastly, John Pelley closed out our meeting with a presentation on new ways to engage students outside of didactic lectures by creating novel and effective active learning strategies. Continuing a long standing IAMSE tradition, meeting attendees were offered the opportunity to participate actively in topics garnered from 36 focus sessions and had the opportunity to interact with fellow educators through various poster sessions. In this special issue of Medical Science Educator, we share with you the abstracts of the posters and e-demos. We also present to you a short innovation article of the 2014 Poster Award winners. We hope you will be as inspired reading these contributions as we were to witness them in person. Please join us in our next annual meeting on June 7–10, 2015 in San Diego, CA, USA. We look forward to seeing you there!
The hydrolysis of iodine: Equilibria at high temperatures

Abstract The hydrolysis (or disproportionate) of molecular iodine to form iodate and iodide ions has been studied by emf measurements over the temperature range, 3.8 to 209.0°C. The interpretation of these results required a knowledge of the formation constant for triiodide ion and the acid dissociation constant of iodic acid, both of which were measured as a function of temperature. The resulting thermodynamic data have been incorporated into a general computer model describing the hydrolysis equilibria of iodine as a function of initial concentration, pH and temperature.
Physiology in Medicine—Déjà vu all over again

this issue marks the birth of PIM in the journal. PIM stands for Physiology in Medicine; it is an APS Publications program that has existed for many years. Under the very capable editorship of the late Dale Benos, PIM was housed in the Annals of Internal Medicine until that partnership ended a few
Lumbar canal stenosis: a cause of late neurological deterioration in patients with spina bifida

BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with spina bifida may show late deterioration. This worsening in their clinical symptoms has been attributed to a multiplicity of causes such as secondary tethering of the spinal cord, Chiari II anomaly, hydromyelia, diastematomyelia, arachnoid cysts, and dermoid tumors. METHODS We searched the clinical records of patients diagnosed with spina bifida who were treated at our hospital for a period of 25 years for the purpose of ascertaining the number and etiology of cases of late neurological deterioration. RESULTS Six of 144 patients with open spina bifida presented with late neurological deterioration. In one of these cases and in another patient with occult spina bifida the most relevant factor noted during surgery was the presence of marked lumbar canal stenosis. CONCLUSION We suggest that certain cases of late clinical worsening in spina bifida patients are because of lumbar canal stenosis and that this condition should be added to the list of causes that may produce delayed neurological deterioration in patients with spinal dysraphism.
Soft-Mode Scenarios of Shear Localization: Atomic-Level Landscapes

Using an elementary case study of stress-induced structural instability in a crystal we discuss how collective response to large-strain deformation at the atomic level can give insights into the mechanistic nature of shear localization. Stability criteria and reaction pathway sampling are used to probe saddle-point configurations, both local spatial coordinates and activation energy barriers, to optimally extract the information available from molecular dynamics simulations.
Almost sure representation for multivariate M-estimators

We generalize Carroll (1978)'s almost sure expansion for one-dimensional M-estimators of location and scale to multivariate M-estimators with the same error order. Bahadur type representations for M-estimators and S-estimators of location and scatter are given as an application. In this case, the error rate is a slight improvement over that of He and Wang (1993).
Characterization of the stimulus-response curve for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Lungs from seven healthy female, sea level rats were perfused and ventilated in vitro. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was stimulated by changing the inspired gas from 21% oxygen to 6, 4, 3 or 0% oxygen (all gases contained 5% carbon dioxide and balance nitrogen). A sigmoid stimulus-response curve was derived by probit analysis with a 50% of maximum response (ED50) at an oxygen tension of 3.49±0.17 kPa. It is suggested that such characterizations of the response to hypoxia may allow a more precise comparison of the effects of species, age, sex and drugs on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Investigation of the Sedimentation Behavior of Dispersions

Using a modification of the method of Greiner and Vold, suspension isotherms were obtained for dispersions of zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, and bismuth sub-carbonate in sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium-salts of polymerized alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids (Daxad 11) solutions. For zinc oxide and bismuth subcarbonate systems maximum suspendability was reached at surfactant concentrations somewhat beyond the critical micelle concentration and extended over a relatively short concentration range. In the case of calcium carbonate, limited suspendability was observed with all three surfactants. Previous workers attribute the reduction in suspendability at higher surfactant concentrations to a reduction in zeta potential, thus permitting increased aggregation. Suspension isotherms obtained at constant and varying ionic strengths of sodium chloride indicate that aggregation is facilitated by the presence of excess surfactant through some additional mechanism.
Steady–State Trenches?

Values obtained for both sedimentation and convergence rates in certain trenches are inconsistent with the presence of thick, undeformed sediments. We propose a steady-state model in which the geometry of the sedimentary prism in a trench could remain constant by having inward-advancing deformation of sediments along the inner wall exactly balance outward-advancing overlap of new sediments on the outer wall. However, if the advance of deformation into a trench is considered to be equal to or greater than the convergence rate across the trench, it is clear that significant thicknesses of undisturbed trench sediments should not exist and that a steady state cannot exist. Therefore, for trenches containing thick, undeformed sediments, the convergence of crustal plates is being accommodated by erogenic deformation away from the trench, and the oceanic lithosphere is, in fact, strongly coupled to the continental lithosphere. There may be no discrete structural expression of a subduction zone at shallow crustal levels. All plate convergence during the time of trench filling can be reasonably converted into an episode of deformation and uplift of the adjacent erogenic belt. The convergent motions of lithosphere plates through geologic time are too great to have all convergence accounted for by orogenic deformation and uplift. A bimodal behavior of subduction zones seems necessary, having lithosphere coupling and orogenesis alternate with lithosphere decoupling and simple underthrusting in trenches. The two modes may not be exclusive nor may they be the only modes. But perhaps such modes explain the paradox of continuous sea-floor spreading versus episodic orogenesis.