cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron-beam-activated zinc selenide and diamond switches

Zinc Selenide, in polycrystalline and single crystal form, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown diamond films were studied with respect to their application as materials for electron-beam activated switches. The hold-off fields of the three materials were found to exceed that of semi-insulating gallium arsenide by at least an order of magnitude. Highest hold-off fields for pulsed voltage operation were recorded for diamond at 1.8 MV/cm. The electron-beam induced conductance in the 1 mm thick single crystal zinc selenide switches reached values of 0.5 (Ωcm2)-1 with an electron-beam current density of 20 mA/cm2 at electron-energies of 150 keV. This corresponds to an electron-beam induced reduction of switch resistance from 108 Ω to 2 Ω per square centimeter. The dominant carrier loss mechanism in the single crystal zinc selenide switch was found to be direct recombination of electron-hole pairs. In this material, the current, after electron-beam turn-off, decays hyperbolically with 90% to 10% falitimes in the range of hundreds of nanoseconds. The electron-beam induced conductivity in CVD grown diamond films of 1 micrometer thickness is due to the subnanosecond carrier lifetime less than three orders lower than that of single crystal zinc selenide. Both materials, single crystal zinc selenide and diamond, showed a lock-on effect in current. For diamond it could be demonstrated, as before for gaffium arsenide, that this effect can be suppressed by proper choice of contacts.
Endovascular in situ bypass decreases morbidity and hospital stay following infrainguinal arterial reconstruction.

Purpose:To report the early results of endovascular in situ saphenous vein bypass (EISVB) using side branch coil occlusion.Methods:Between September 1997 and November 1998, 25 patients (15 men; mean age 70.9 years, range 53–85) with lower limb ischemia were treated with endovascular femorodistal bypass. The saphenous vein was prepared using retrograde valvulotomy and endoscopic cannulation with coil occlusion of the side branches. Duplex graft surveillance was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.Results:The 25 EISVB procedures consisted of 15 femorodistal popliteal, 7 femorotibial, 2 femoroperoneal, and 1 femorodorsalis pedis in situ saphenous vein reconstructions. Mean operative time was 202 ± 40 minutes, mean number of side branch coils per case was 5.1 ± 1.3, and mean number of incisions per case was 2.9 ± 0.6. Mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 35 ± 13 hours (1.4 ± 0.6 days); 19 (76%) patients were discharged on the first postoperative day.Short-term follow-up (mean 6.2 months, range 2–15) was not...
Load versus humoral activation in the genesis of early hypertensive heart disease.

Background— The role of load versus angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET) in the pathogenesis of hypertensive heart disease is controversial. We sought to determine whether alterations in cardiac structure and function due to hypertension (HTN) were dependent on Ang II or ET activation. Methods and Results— Bilateral renal wrapping to produce HTN (n=12) or sham surgery (n=6) was performed in adult dogs. Weekly blood pressure, plasma renin activity, Ang II, ET, and catecholamines were measured. Systolic (end-systolic elastance, Ees) and diastolic (τ) function were assessed in sham and HTN dogs at 5 (HTN-5wk) or 12 (HTN-12wk) weeks. Ang II and ET were assayed in the left ventricle (LV) and kidney. Mean arterial pressure was higher in renal wrap dogs at week 1 (*P<0.05 versus controls: 139±4* versus 123±4 mm Hg), week 5 (174±7* versus 124±4 mm Hg), and week 12 (181±12* versus 124±4 mm Hg). LV mass index was increased in HTN-5wk (22%*) and HTN-12wk (39%*). LV fibrosis was increased in HTN-12wk. Ees wa...
Carotid body tumor seen on computed tomography.

Abstract A case of a carotid body tumor seen on computed tomography is presented. Both the CT and angiographic images are illustrated.
Stochastic surveillance strategies for spatial quickest detection

We present stochastic vehicle routing policies for detection of any number of anomalies in a set of regions of interest. The autonomous vehicle collects information from a set of regions and sends it to a fusion center. The vehicle follows a randomized region selection policy at each iteration. Using the collected information, the fusion center runs an ensemble of cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithms in order to detect the presence of an anomaly in any region. We first determine optimal stationary policies that result in quickest detection of all anomalies. We then study an adaptive policy that assigns higher selection probability to a region with higher likelihood of an anomaly. We provide a comparative study of these policies.
Regulation of body fat content

a clever and informative paper by Lacy and Bartness ([16][1]) in this issue of the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology provides new data regarding the question of whether animals regulate their body content at a preferred level. Fifty years ago, Kennedy
Surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy associated with cervical spondylosis.

The predominant preoperative signs and symptoms in 47 patients who underwent surgical intervention at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1959 for cervical spondylosis associated with cervical myelopathy were those of involvement of the pyramidal tract.
Animals and inequality in Chalcolithic central Anatolia

Abstract This paper explores the changing social and economic roles of livestock within three increasingly complex societies in Chalcolithic central Anatolia. By specifically addressing practices associated with the production, distribution and consumption of livestock, particularly sheep and goats, I show how changes in the use of animals were dynamically linked to the emergence of new sociopolitical environments. These changes, including the development of intensive caprine pastoralism and complex provisioning systems as well as an increased focus on the production of secondary products, strongly suggest that control over animals, particularly sheep, and their products played a central role in the development of increasingly complex and hierarchical social systems in MC Anatolia.
Deformation substructure in polycrystalline alumina

Transmission electron microscopy techniques were employed in a study of substructure in two sintered, 20μm alumina (≧99%Al2O3) bodies, each being examined in the as-annealed condition and after achieving 2% permanent strains in compression at 1420 and 1700° C. The as-sintered microstructures were found to contain dislocation networks which were often associated with intragranular porosity. Twinned structures of rhombohedral and basal types were also observed but were relatively infrequent. Amorphous second phases commonly located at triple points were characteristic of the less pure (99% Al2O3) material, and were also observed in the 99.9% purity material, but only in very limited amonts. The plastic deformation behaviour of these bodies at elevated temperatures (T ≦ 1420° C) illustrates that dislocation motion is an important mode of deformation in alumina. The observation of 〈11¯20〉 and 〈¯1011〉 glide dislocations further suggests that alumina can exhibit ductile behaviour at elevated temperatures. Grain boundary shearing was also observed to contribute to plastic deformation, being associated with either grain-boundary dislocations or interfacial impurities which can alter deformation behaviour.
Longitudinal relations between depressive symptoms and externalizing behavior in adolescence: moderating effects of maltreatment experience and gender.

Among the explanations for the high rates of co-occurrence between depressive symptoms and externalizing behavior is the possibility of direct causal associations between the two symptom groups. However, the mechanisms by which co-occurrence arises may not be the same across etiologically significant variables. A gender-balanced sample of 303 adolescents (ages 9–12 at the first assessment) with carefully assessed histories of maltreatment experience and 151 demographically matched nonmaltreated adolescents were assessed over the period of 1 year. Multiple-group cross-lagged panel analyses assessed the equivalence of longitudinal relations between depressive symptoms and externalizing behavior for gender/maltreatment status groups. Consistent with previous findings, the results suggest that girls, particularly maltreated girls, who exhibit early externalizing behavior are at high risk for the development of subsequent depressive symptoms.
Quasiaffine transforms of polynomially bounded operators

We show that every polynomially bounded operator is a quasiaffine transform of a contraction.
Grief following miscarriage: a comprehensive review of the literature.

ABSTRACT Objective: The literature exploring the relationship between miscarriage and grief is sparse. This paper summarizes the literature on grief subsequent to an early miscarriage to elucidate the nature, incidence, intensity, and duration of grief at this time and to identify potential moderators. Methods: An electronic search of the Medline and Psych Info databases was conducted. Studies were selected for inclusion if they related to early miscarriage, used a standardized measure to assess perinatal grief, and specified the assessment intervals employed. Qualitative studies were included when helpful to develop hypotheses. Results: Descriptions of grief following miscarriage are highly variable but tend to match descriptions of grief used to characterize other types of significant losses. A sizable percentage of women seem to experience a grief reaction, with the actual incidence of grief unclear. Suggestively, grief, when present, seems to be similar in intensity to grief after other types of major...
Cytochemistry of centrifuged hyphae of Neurospora.

Abstract Living hyphae of Neurospora crassa were centrifuged at 50,000 × g where-upon their contents sedimented into the following layers (starting at the centrifugal end): glycogen, ergastoplasm, mitochondria, nuclei, “supernatant” enchylema, vacuoles, and fat. Hyphae survived centrifugation and were able to grow again after the stratified cell organelles became redistributed in the cell. Cytochemical tests were performed on centrifuged mycelia, either living or fixed by freeze-substitution or by formol. Schematic figures summarize the results. Pauly's reaction for proteins was strongest in the mitochondria, while Sakaguchi's reaction was strongest in the ergastoplasm. Protein-bound SH groups were highest in the ergastoplasm and the nucleoli. Ribonucleic acid was highest in the ergastoplasm, low in the mitochondria and nuclei, and not detectable in the enchylema. Deoxyribonucleic acid was restricted to the nuclei. Glycogen was in a clearly limited centrifugal layer while other carbohydrates (Hotchkiss test) were found in the ergastoplasmic layer as well. Fat (Sudan IV) was at the centripetal end; osmiophilic material was found below the fat layer and in the mitochondria and the nucleoli. The vacuoles contained metachromatic granules. The following enzymes were restricted to the mitochondria: succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, β-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase (Rutenburg and Seligman test). Alkaline phosphatase was found in the enchylema and the nucleoli, and a weak acid phosphatase (Gomori test) in the enchylema. The advantages of using living centrifuged cells as opposed to centrifuged homogenized material for a study of the biochemistry of cell organelles are discussed in detail. While the results of both methods were found to be in general agreement, some products of homogenization were considered to represent artifacts. The separation of cell organelles by centrifugation provides also a useful tool for the study of the intracellular resolution of different cytochemical methods.
Methylbenzene Chemistry on Zeolite HBeta: Multiple Insights into Methanol-to-Olefin Catalysis

The reactions of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (durene), pentamethylbenzene, hexamethylbenzene (HMB), ethylbenzene, and cumene were studied on large-pore zeolite HBeta catalysts, either alone or with co-injection of methanol-13C. The reactivity of the methylbenzenes alone increased with increasing methyl substitution, as did selectivity for propene over ethylene. Disproportionation occurred for all methylbenzenes studied; in the case of HMB, pentamethylbenzene was a major volatile product, and we inferred that the heptamethylbenzenium cation also formed and remained in the catalyst. Substantially higher yields of olefins were obtained when methylbenzenes were co-reacted with methanol-13C. Ethylbenzene alone was unreactive at 350 °C, but when injected with five equivalents of methanol-13C, ethylbenzene formed ethylene-12C2 with very high selectivity. These and other experiments led to a detailed description of the hydrocarbon pool mechanism for MTO chemistry with side-chain methylation...
The empty specimen bottle: Legal, moral, and ethical considerations for the dermatologist and dermatopathologist

A dermatologist in a busy practice obtained three biopsy specimens from a 75-year-old patient with photodamaged skin and a history of skin cancer (both nonmelanoma andmelanoma in type). When the dermatopathology laboratory received the specimen bottles, all of which were labeled appropriately, one bottle was empty. The formalin was filtered and the cap and sides of the bottle were carefully inspected. The other two bottles each contained one specimen. The referring physician was notified and the office was thoroughly inspected for the missing specimen. None was found. The clinical differential diagnosis of the submitted missing specimen was pigmented basal cell carcinoma versus dysplastic nevus versus seborrheic keratosis. The other two specimens were histologically benign.
I Know a Lot of Gay Asian Men who Are Actually Tops: Managing and Negotiating Gay Racial Stigma

Despite the well documented cases of racism toward gay Asian men in the gay community in the United States, there is currently little research examining how gay Asian men manage the stigmatized statuses of race. In this article, we examine stigma management strategies employed by gay Asian men and explore how gay Asian men engage in both individual-level and group-level stigma management strategies in an attempt to maintain their self-esteem in light of racism and to directly address the stigma of race by reconceptualizing what it means to be both gay and Asian within the larger gay community.
Influence of fluorine in magnetic properties of Hg-1223 high-temperature superconductors

Abstract Bulk pure-phase samples of HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y with high quality were prepared using a solid-state reaction with BaF 2 as a part of the starting material. X-ray diffraction data show that the crystal structure is nearly the same as for starting compounds without fluorine with a = 3.85 A and c = 15.85 A . The effect of fluorine in the starting material on the magnetic properties was studied by DC susceptibility and hysteresis-loop measurements, and our results revealed a remarkable enhancement of hysteretic magnetization in samples prepared using BaO/BaF 2 . Fluorine in Hg-1223 also shows an effect similar to that of oxygenation, which increases T c onset of the as-synthesized samples to 133 K. The asymmetric magnetization-field data indicate the presence of a surface barrier, and the field dependence and time dependence of the magnetization data display an enhancement of hysteresis upon replacement of 10% of BaO by BaF 2 as a result of increased concentration of pinning centers without changing the nature of the individual pinning.
Transition Fault Simulation Considering Broadside Tests as Partially-Functional Broadside Tests

The scan-in states of functional broadside tests are reachable states, which are states that the circuit can enter during functional operation. This is used for ensuring functional operation conditions during the functional clock cycles of the tests. For a partially-functional broadside test, the scan-in state has a known Hamming distance to a reachable state. This ensures measurable deviations from functional operation conditions during the functional clock cycles of the test. It is important for addressing overtesting as well as excessive power dissipation. This brief develops a fault-simulation procedure for transition faults under arbitrary (functional and nonfunctional) broadside tests that considers the tests as partially-functional broadside tests. The procedure can be used for evaluating the proximity to functional operation conditions of arbitrary broadside test sets. For illustration, the procedure is used for comparing a low-power test set with an arbitrary broadside test set.
Chitin binding by Thermobifida fusca cellulase catalytic domains.

Cellulose is a linear homopolymer of b1-4 linked glucose residues. Chitin is similar to cellulose in structure, and can be described as cellulose with the hydroxyl group on the C2 carbon replaced by an acetylamine group. Both cellulose and chitin form tightly packed, extensively hydrogen-bonded micro-fibrils. Up to now, binding of cellulase catalytic domains (CDs) to chitin has not been reported. In this article, binding of the CDs of Thermobifida fusca Cel6A, Cel6B, Cel48A, Cel5A, and Cel9A to a-chitin was investigated. The CDs of endocel- lulases, Cel6A and Cel5A did not bind to a-chitin; one exocellulase, Cel48A CD bound a-chitin moderately well; and the exocellulase Cel6B CD and the processive endocellulase Cel9A CD boundextremely tightly to a-chitin. Only mutations of Cel6B W329C, W332A and G234S and Cel9A Y206F, Y206S and D261A/R378K caused weaker binding to a-chitin than wild-type, and all these mutations were of residues near the catalytic center. One mutant enzyme, Cel9A D261A/R378K had weak chitinase activity, but no soluble products were detected. Chitotriose and chitotetraose were docked success- fully to the catalytic cleft ofCel9A. In general, the positioningof the sugar residues in the model structures matched the cello- oligosaccharides in the X-ray structure. Our results show that the binding of chitin by a cellulase can provide additional information about its binding to cellulose. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;XXX: XXX-XXX. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma associated with vitreous hemorrhage after ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm.

Purpose To report acute angle-closure glaucoma in a patient with dense vitreous hemorrhage due to a ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm. Design Interventional case report. Methods A male patient presented with severe pain and decreased vision in his right eye, nausea, and vomiting. Visual acuity was hand motions, intraocular pressure was 64 mm Hg, and light reflex was not detected in the right eye. The patient underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and appropriate medical and surgical management. Results Examination of the right eye revealed a shallow anterior chamber and closed angle; ultrasound confirmed the presence of vitreous hemorrhage. After intensive medical treatment and subsequent pars plana vitrectomy with laser treatment to the ruptured retinal macroaneurysm, pain in the right eye subsided, visual acuity improved to 20/25, and intraocular pressure decreased to 20 mm Hg. Conclusion We are unaware of previous clinical reports of this finding and could find no reference to it in a computerized search utilizing MEDLINE. In our patient the pressure stabilized and the vision improved after medical and surgical management.
How Accurate Is Self-Reported Dietary Energy Intake?

The measurement of dietary intake by self-report has played a central role in nutritional science for decades. Despite its important role, however, little is known about the accuracy of self-reported intake. Recently, the doubly-labeled water method has been validated for the measurement of total energy expenditure in free-living subjects, and this method can serve as a reference for validating the accuracy of self-reported energy intake. Such comparisons have been made in nine recent studies, and considerable inaccuracy in self-reports of energy intake has been documented. Reported intakes tend to be lower than expenditure and thus are often underestimates of true habitual energy intake. Because the degree of underreporting increases with intake, it is speculated that individuals tend to report intakes that are closer to perceived norms than to actual intake.
Carbon microtubes: tuning internal diameters and conical angles

In this paper, we report a synthesis strategy for a new class of hollow, curved carbon morphologies, ‘carbon microtubes’ (CMTs), with absolute control ove rt heir conical angles and internal diameters. Our synthesis methodology employs nitrogen or oxygen dosing to change the wetting behaviour of gallium metal with the growing carbon walls to tune the conical angles. Increasing N2 concentrations in the gas phase during growth increases the conical angles of CMTs from +25 ◦ to about −20 ◦ .A methodology using the timing of oxygen or nitrogen dosing during CMT growth is shown to tune the internal diameters anywhere from a few nanometres to a few microns. The walls of the carbon microtubes are characterized using transmission electro nm icroscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy and are found to consist of aligned graphite nanocrystals (2–5 nm in size). Furthermore, dark field images of CMTs showed that the graphite nanocrystals are aligned with their c-axes perpendicular to the wall surface and that the crystals themselves are oriented with respect to the wall surface depending upon the conical angle of the CMT. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Estimation of the proportion of overweight individuals in small areas—a robust extension of the Fay–Herriot model

Hierarchical model such as Fay-Herriot (FH) model is often used in small area estimation. The method might perform well overall but is vulnerable to outliers. We propose a robust extension of the FH model by assuming the area random effects follow a t distribution with an unknown degrees-of-freedom parameter. The inferences are constructed using a Bayesian framework. Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) such as Gibbs sampling and Metropolis-Hastings acceptance and rejection algorithms are used to obtain the joint posterior distribution of model parameters. The procedure is used to estimate the county-level proportion of overweight individuals from the 2003 public-use Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. We also discuss two approaches for identifying outliers in the context of this application.
Readability Analysis of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal Articles:

The readability levels of 10 articles each from the Journal of Health Education, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, and Strategies: A Journal for Physical and Sport Educators were estimated. On average, the 40 articles were written at the college junior level (M = 14.9, SD = 1.6); however, significant between-journal differences were found, with between-journal effect sizes ranging from 0.36 to 3.64.
Identification of a Novel PDX-1 Binding Site in the Human Insulin Gene Enhancer

Islet β cell type-specific transcription of the insulin gene is regulated by a number of cis-acting elements found within the proximal 5′-flanking region. The control sequences conserved between mammalian insulin genes are acted upon by transcription factors, like PDX-1 and BETA-2, that are also involved in islet β cell function and formation. In the current study, we investigated the contribution to human insulin expression of the GG2 motif found between nucleotides -145 and -140 relative to the transcription start site. Site-specific mutants were generated within GG2 that displayed a parallel increase (i.e. -144 base pair) or decrease (i.e. -141 base pair) in insulin enhancer-driven reporter and gel shift binding activity in β cells consistent with human GG2 being under positive regulatory control. In contrast, the corresponding site in the rodent insulin gene, which only differs from the human at nucleotides -144 and -141, is negatively regulated by the Nkx2.2 transcription factor (Cissell, M. A., Zhao, L., Sussel, L., Henderson, E., and Stein, R. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 751-756). Human GG2 activator binding activity was present in nuclear extracts prepared from human islets and enriched in those from rodent β cell lines. The human GG2 activator binding factor(s) was shown to be ∼38-40 kDa and distinct from other size-matched islet-enriched transcription factors, including Nkx2.2, Pax-4, Cdx2/3, and Isl-1. Combined DNA chromatographic purification and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the GG2 activator was PDX-1. These results demonstrate that the GG2 element, despite its divergence from the core homeodomain consensus binding motif, is a site for PDX-1 activation in the human insulin gene.
Investigation on the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a 0.4% topical stannous fluoride preparation (MedEquine Gel) for the treatment of bacterial skin infections in horses: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The purpose of this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of a novel gel containing 0.4% stannous fluoride (MedEquine®) for the treatment of cutaneous bacterial infections in horses. Twenty privately owned horses diagnosed with bacterial skin infections based on physical findings and cytology results were enrolled and randomly assigned to either a placebo or an active ingredient treatment group. The product was applied on affected areas daily for 4 weeks. Cytology and clinical evaluations were done by the same investigator at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. Owners scored pruritus weekly. Both owners and investigators were blinded to the allocation to the groups. At the end of the study, stannous fluoride gel treatment significantly decreased the investigator's clinical scores and owners’ pruritus scores while no significant changes were detected in the vehicle treatment group. At the end of the trial, none of the horses in the stannous fluoride group required additional therapy while four of ten horses in the vehicle group required systemic therapy to resolve the infection. No adverse effects were detected in any of the groups. The gel formulation made compliance easier for owners compared to the traditional bathing regimen and allowed spot treatment, which was particularly helpful in animals with localized infections. These favourable aspects of the treatment were highlighted by the owners of the horses enrolled in the study. In conclusion, 0.4% stannous fluoride gel (MedEquine®) was an effective and safe therapy for the topical management of bacterial skin infections in the horses included in the study.
Decreased myosin phosphatase target subunit 1(MYPT1) phosphorylation via attenuated rho kinase and zipper-interacting kinase activities in edematous intestinal smooth muscle

Background Intestinal edema development after trauma resuscitation inhibits intestinal motility which results in ileus, preventing enteral feeding and compromising patient outcome. We have shown previously that decreased intestinal motility is associated with decreased smooth muscle myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of edema-induced decreases in MLC in a rodent model of intestinal edema. Methods Intestinal edema was induced by a combination of resuscitation fluid administration and mesenteric venous hypertension. Sham operated animals served as controls. Contractile activity and alterations in the regulation of MLC including the regulation of MLC kinase (MLCK) and MLC phosphatase (MLCP) were measured. Key Results Contraction amplitude and basal tone were significantly decreased in edematous intestinal smooth muscle compared with non-edematous tissue. Calcium sensitivity was also decreased in edematous tissue compared with non-edematous intestinal smooth muscle. Although inhibition of MLCK decreased contractile activity significantly less in edematous tissue compared with non-edematous tissue, MLCK activity in tissue lysates was not significantly different. Phosphorylation of MYPT was significantly lower in edematous tissue compared with non-edematous tissue. In addition, activities of both rho kinase and zipper-interacting kinase were significantly lower in edematous tissue. Conclusions & Inferences We conclude from these data that interstitial intestinal edema inhibits MLC phosphorylation predominantly by decreasing inhibitory phosphorylation of the MLC targeting subunit (MYPT1) of MLC phosphatase via decreased ROCK and ZIPK activities, resulting in more MLC phosphatase activity.
Theory and Treatment of Stuttering as an Approach-Avoidance Conflict

(1953). Theory and Treatment of Stuttering as an Approach-Avoidance Conflict. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 27-49.
Multilevel and Density Functional Electronic Structure Calculations of Proton Affinities and Gas-Phase Basicities Involved in Biological Phosphoryl Transfer†

Five multilevel model chemistries (CBS-QB3, G3B3, G3MP2B3, MCG3/3, and MC-QCISD/3) and seven hybrid density functional methods (PBE0, B1B95, B3LYP, MPW1KCIS, PBE1KCIS, and MPW1B95) have been applie...
Estimation of the η factors for mixed-mode cracks in compact tension specimens

The η factors for mixed-mode cracks in compact tension specimens are investigated for estimation of the J-resistance curve under mixed-mode loading conditions. The derivation of the η factor is first generalized for mixed-mode cracks. Based on a lower-bound approach for rigid-perfectly plastic materials, the factors are then derived under mixed-mode I and III and mixed-mode I and II loading conditions. The results indicate that the factor is only a function of the normalized crack length under mixed-mode I and III loading conditions. However, under mixed-mode I and II loading conditions, the factor is not only a function of the normalized crack length, but also influenced by the fixture design due to the moment induced by the mode II load.
EM and SAGE algorithms for multi-user detection

This work describes an EM-based approach to multi-user detection that treats the signals of interfering users as hidden data. We consider a new algorithm based on the space-alternating generalized EM (SAGE) algorithm appropriate for estimation of discrete random parameters, and we use it to derive rapidly-convergent nearly optimum multi-user receivers.
Gastroschisis, low maternal age, and fetal morbidity outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To determine if the risk for fetal growth inhibition among gastroschisis-afflicted fetuses is heightened among younger gravidas (teen mothers). METHOD This was a retrospective cohort study on live-born infants with isolated gastroschisis delivered in New York State from 1983 through 1999. We compared infants of mature (>20 years) mothers with those of younger (<20 years) mothers with respect to the following indices of fetal morbidity outcomes: low birth weight and very low birth weight, preterm and very pre-term, and small for gestational age. We used adjusted odds ratios to approximate relative risks. RESULTS A total of 368 infants with isolated gastroschisis were analyzed. The two groups differed in terms of mean gestational age at delivery [Mean + standard deviation(SD) for infants with gastroschisis born to mature mothers = 37.2 weeks +/- 2.8 versus 36.3 weeks + 3.6 for those of teenage mothers(p = 0.01)], as well as mean birth weight [mean birth weight +/- SD for infants with gastroschisis born to mature mothers = 2562.4 grams +548.8 versus 2367.9 grams +/- 645.2 for those of younger mothers (p = 0.004)]. Infants of teen mothers were about twice as likely to be of low birth weight (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.05-2.77) and about three times as likely to be born very preterm when compared to those of mature mothers (OR = 2.80; 95% Cl = 1.02-8.00). No significant differences were observed with respect to very low birth weight, pre-term and small for gestational age. CONCLUSION Low maternal age appears to be a risk factor for low birth weight and very preterm birth among gastroschisis-affected fetuses. This information is potentially useful for planning by care providers and in counseling affected parents.
Closed-form expression for optimal two-user MIMO unitary precoding

In this paper we investigate the problem of optimal unitary precoding for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. In the case that there exist two users, we derive a closed-form solution for the unitary precoder that maximizes the sum rate. To provide additional insight, the optimal precoder is also characterized in several asymptotic regimes. Monte Carlo simulation results are also provided.
Reduced fertility associated with low progesterone postbreeding and increased milk urea nitrogen in lactating cows.

Abstract The primary objectives of this study were to determine whether a delay in the onset of the luteal phase, or high milk urea nitrogen at breeding, or both were associated with failure of pregnancy early in gestation. Milk samples were collected twice daily from cows in a single herd during the week following breeding; single samples were collected on d 14 and 21 postbreeding. Progesterone was measured in all samples, and a total of 156 sample sets was used. The progesterone data combined with results from pregnancy examinations were used to distribute the cows into three groups: 1) pregnant, 2) nonpregnant with a low concentration ( The interestrous interval for cows in group 3 was longer than that for cows in group 2. Beginning 4.5 d after breeding, pregnant cows had higher concentrations of progesterone than did cows in group 3. Pregnant cows also had higher concentrations of progesterone than did all open cows on d 14 and 21. The onset of the luteal phase was earlier in pregnant cows than it was in cows in group 3. Milk urea nitrogen at breeding was similar in pregnant cows and in cows in group 3, but was higher in cows in group 2. Increased milk urea nitrogen was also statistically associated with decreased fertility. We propose that the cows in group 3 likely had embryos that initiated pregnancy recognition and prolonged luteal function, but these embryos were compromised by suboptimal exposure to progesterone early in development.
Public Administration, Public Choice and the Ostroms: the achievements, the failure, the promise

The paper explores the Public Administration roots and facets of the Bloomington School of Public Choice and Institutional Theory and in doing that, it revisits the problem of the applied dimension of Public Choice. The paper investigates and documents the nature, significance and reception of Vincent and Elinor Ostrom’s work, approaching it as a pioneering attempt to promote a double agenda: on the one hand, to advance Public Choice theory as a paradigm shift in Public Administration, and on the other, to advance Public Administration as the preeminent applied domain of Public Choice theory.
On throughput stabilization of network transport

A number of network applications require stable transport throughput for tasks such as control and coordination operations over wide-area networks. We present a window-based method that achieves stable throughput at a target level by utilizing a variation of the classical Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation algorithm. We analytically show the stability of this method under very mild conditions on the network, which are justified by Internet measurements. Our User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based implementation provides stable throughput over the Internet under various traffic conditions.
Classical Ring-Structure Theorems

As we saw in the last chapter semisimple modules play a distinguished role in the theory of modules. Classically, the most important class of rings consists of those rings R whose category R M has a semisimple generator. A characteristic property of such a ring R, called a “semisimple” ring, is that each left R-module is semisimple. These rings are the objects of study in Section 13 where we prove the fundamental Wedderburn-Artin characterization of these rings as direct sums of matrix rings over division rings. In particular, a semisimple ring is a direct sum of rings each having a simple faithful left module. In Section 14 we study rings characterized by this latter property—the “(left) primitive” rings. Here we prove Jacobson’s important generalization of the semisimple case characterizing left primitive rings as “dense rings” of linear transformations.
WiiArts: creating collaborative art experience with WiiRemote interaction

WiiArts is an experimental video, audio and image processing art project that makes use of pre-existing sensing technologies provided by Nintendo WiiRemotes and a Sensor Bar. Currently, most WiiRemote-based physical interactions have been designed to mimic the gesture of body movement in sports and other action-based games. These Wii games are generally competitive in nature, and players interact by responding to predefined interaction rules in either a single-user or multi-user mode. Making use of the WiiRemote as a pre-existing tangible and embedded interface, we explore applications that can engage participants in active and expressive art creation in a collaborative manner. In this paper, we describe several prototype applications based on this concept: Illumination (draWiing), Beneath (Waldo), WiiBand, Time Ripples. In these applications, three interactors can work together to compose both images and sounds.
Optimal digital filtering for tremor suppression

Remote manually operated tasks such as those found in teleoperation, virtual reality, or joystick-based computer access, require the generation of an intermediate electrical signal which is transmitted to the controlled subsystem (robot arm, virtual environment, or a cursor in a computer screen). When human movements are distorted, for instance, by tremor, performance can be improved by digitally filtering the intermediate signal before it reaches the controlled device. This paper introduces a novel tremor filtering framework in which digital equalizers are optimally designed through pursuit tracking task experiments. Due to inherent properties of the man-machine system, the design of tremor suppression equalizers presents two serious problems: 1) performance criteria leading to optimizations that minimize mean-squared error are not efficient for tremor elimination and 2) movement signals show ill-conditioned autocorrelation matrices, which often result in useless or unstable solutions. To address these problems, a new performance indicator in the context of tremor is introduced, and the optimal equalizer according to this new criterion is developed, III-conditioning of the autocorrelation matrix is overcome using a novel method which we call pulled-optimization. Experiments performed with artificially induced vibrations and a subject with Parkinson's disease show significant improvement in performance. Additional results, along with MATLAB source code of the algorithms, and a customizable demo for PC joysticks, are available on the Internet at http://tremor-suppression.com.
A Device-Independent Router Model

Several popular simulation and emulation environments fail to account for realistic packet forwarding behaviors of commercial switches and routers. Such simulation or emulation inaccuracies can lead to dramatic and qualitative impacts on the results. In this paper, we present a measurement-based model for routers and other forwarding devices, which we use to simulate two different Cisco routers under varying traffic conditions. The structure of our model is device-independent, but requires device-specific parameters. We construct a profiling tool and use it to derive router parameter tables within a few hours. Our preliminary results indicate that our model can approximate the Cisco routers. The compactness of the parameter tables and simplicity of the model makes it possible to use it for high-fidelity simulations while preserving simulation scalability.
Thunderclap Headache With Orgasm: A Case of Basilar Artery Dissection Associated With Sexual Intercourse

Abstract Background: Headaches associated with sexual intercourse (coital cephalgia) have many different causes and are often divided in the literature into pre-orgasmic and orgasmic headaches. Objective: To present a case of orgasmic headache caused by a basilar artery dissection and to present a literature-based guide to the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with headaches related to sexual activity. Case Report: We report the case of a 34-year-old man without significant past medical history who presented to the Emergency Department with two episodes of orgasmic headache caused by basilar artery dissection. Conclusions: The cause of headaches related to sexual activity range from the benign to the life-threatening. Due to the dynamics of cerebral blood flow during sexual intercourse, basilar artery dissections and aneurysms should be considered in patients with sudden-onset headaches during orgasm. Appropriate brain imaging and, possibly, lumbar puncture may assist in identifying potentially life-threatening causes of coital headaches.
Reply to comment on "Towards a quantitative kinetic theory of polar active matter" by Bertin et al.

A reply to the comment of Bertin, Chate, Ginelli, Gregoire, Leonard and Peshkov [1] in this special issue.
Dosimetric Evaluation of an Ipsilateral Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Beam Arrangement for Parotid Malignancies

Abstract Purpose/Objective(s): We conducted a dosimetric comparison of anipsilateral beam arrangement for Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) with off-axis beams. Materials/Methods: Six patients who received post-operative radiotherapy (RT) for parotid malignancies were used in this dosimetric study. Four treatment plans were created for each CT data set (24 plans): 1) ipsilateral4-field off-axis IMRT (4fld-OA), 2) conventional wedge pair (WP), 3) 7 field co-planar IMRT (7fld), and 4) ipsilateralco-planar 4-field quartet IMRT (4fld-CP). Dose, volume statistics for the PTVs and PRVs were compared for the four treatment techniques. Results: Wedge pair plans inadequately covered the deep aspect of the PTV. The 7-field IMRT plans delivered the largest low dose volumes to normal tissues. Mean dose to the contralateral parotid was highest for 7 field IMRT. Mean dose to the contralateral submandibular gland was highest for 7 field IMRT and WP. 7 field IMRT plans had the highest dose to the oral cavity. The mean doses to the brainstem, spinal cord, ipsilateral temporal lobe,cerrebellum and ipsilateral cochlea were similar among the four techniques. Conclusions: For postoperative treatment of the parotid bed, 4-field ipsilateral IMRT techniques provided excellent coverage while maximally sparing the contralateral parotid gland and submandibular gland.
A Microwave Polarimetric Two-Stream Radiative Transfer Model

Abstract The assimilation of satellite microwave measurements and the retrieval of geophysical parameters require a fast and accurate radiative transfer model. In this study, a scheme is developed to solve the vector radiative transfer equation using a polarimetric two-stream approximation. In the scheme, the integration of the phase matrix over azimuth angle is derived as an analytic form that can also be directly utilized for the general radiative transfer scheme. Each Stokes radiance component is expressed as an analytical function of atmospheric and surface optical parameters. The model is applicable for spherical and randomly oriented nonspherical scatters. The differences of brightness temperatures between the polarimetric two-stream model and the matrix operator method are less than 2 K for various frequencies.
Stability and Compatibility of Fluorouracil with Morphine Sulfate and Hydromorphone Hydrochloride

OBJECTIVE:To study the physical compatibility and chemical stability of fluorouracil 1 and 16 mg/mL with morphine sulfate 1 mg/mL and with hydromorphone hydrochloride 0.5 mg/mL in dextrose 5% injection and in NaCl 0.9% injection.DESIGN:Test solutions of the drugs in dextrose 5% and in NaCl 0.9% were prepared in triplicate and stored at −20, 4, 23, and 32°C. Samples were removed immediately and at various time points over 35 days and stored at −70 °C until analyzed. Physical compatibility was assessed visually and by measuring turbidity with a color-correcting turbidimeter and particle content with a light-obscuration particle sizer and counter. Chemical stability was determined by measuring the concentration of each drug in the test solutions in duplicate with stability-indicating HPLC.RESULTS:The morphine test solutions all rapidly developed crystalline precipitation when admixed with fluorouracil. Further, substantial loss of morphine content, usually around 60-80%, occurred in all samples within 24 hou...
Matrix-assisted ionization vacuum for protein detection, fragmentation and PTM analysis on a high resolution linear ion trap-orbitrap platform.

Matrix-assisted ionization vacuum (MAIV) is a novel ionization technique that generates multiply charged ions in vacuum without the use of laser ablation or high voltage. MAIV can be achieved in intermediate-vacuum and high-vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) sources and electrospray ionization (ESI) sources without instrument modification. Herein, we adapt MAIV onto the MALDI-LTQ-Orbitrap XL platform for biomolecule analysis. As an attractive alternative to MALDI for in solution and in situ analysis of biomolecules, MAIV coupling to high resolution and accurate mass (HRAM) MS instrument has successfully expanded the mass detection range and improved the fragmentation efficiency due to the generation of multiply charged ions. Additionally, the softness of MAIV enables potential application in labile post-translational modification (PTM) analysis. In this study, proteins as large as 18.7 kDa were detected with up to 18 charges; intact peptides with labile PTM were well preserved during the ionization process and characterized MS/MS; peptides and proteins in complex tissue samples were detected and identified both in liquid extracts and in situ. Moreover, we demonstrated that this method facilitates MS/MS analysis with improved fragmentation efficiency compared to MALDI-MS/MS.
Correlations among Three Measures of Personality Type

Correlational comparisons were made between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and both the Keirsey Temperament Sorter and its computer version, Please Understand Me, for 103 undergraduate students in psychology. Values from .68 to .86 suggest that these three instruments were measuring the same constructs. Specific differences are discussed.
A sublethal dose of LPS to pregnant rats induces TNF-alpha tolerance in their 0-day-old offspring

The newborn has high mortality in septic shock. Induction of endotoxin tolerance may prevent endotoxic shock in the newborn. The present study showed that a small dose of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (S. ent. LPS), Rc mutant Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (J5 LPS), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) given to pregnant rats on the 19th day of gestation induced endotoxin tolerance in their 0-day-old offspring. S. ent. LPS or J5 LPS injected into pregnant rats increased plasma endotoxin-like activity in dams, although not in their fetuses, and increased plasma TNF-alpha concentration in both dams and their fetuses. The endotoxin-tolerant newborn rats were also resistant to TNF-alpha. In those newborn rats, an LPS injection increased plasma TNF-alpha concentration and liver TNF-alpha mRNA abundance. These experiments showed that the endotoxin tolerance could be due to TNF-alpha tolerance. In conclusion, prenatal treatment of dams with a small dose of S. ent. LPS, J5 LPS, or TNF-alpha was beneficial in preventing endotoxic shock in the newborn.