cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Now Is the Time to Add More Sociology of Climate Change to Our Introduction to Sociology Courses.

Sociology has been slow in responding to the challenge of climate change. In this conversation, we advocate adding more climate change content to Introduction to Sociology courses. To support our a...
Presumed antiphospholipid syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: An infrequent association

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that demonstrates antiphospholipid antibodies that cause hypercoagulability and leads to venous and arterial thrombosis. Autoantibodies to a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motif, member 13 (ADAMTS 13) play a role in the microthrombosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in APS patients.
Chapter e57 – Homeland Security

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, permanently changed the way the United States and the world’s other most developed countries perceived the threat from terrorism. Massive amounts of resources were mobilized in a very short time to counter the perceived and actual threats from terrorists and terrorist organizations. In the United States, this refocus was pushed as a necessity for what was called homeland security. The homeland security threats were anticipated for the IT infrastructure as well. It was expected that not only the IT at the federal level was vulnerable to disruptions due to terrorism-related attacks but, due to the ubiquity of the availability of IT, any organization was vulnerable. Soon after the terrorist attacks, the U.S. Congress passed various new laws and enhanced some existing ones that introduced sweeping changes to homeland security provisions and to the existing security organizations. The executive branch of the government also issued a series of Homeland Security Presidential Directives to maintain domestic security. These laws and directives are comprehensive and contain detailed provisions to make the U.S. secure from its vulnerabilities. Later in the chapter, we describe some principle provisions of these homeland security-related laws and presidential directives. Next, we discuss the organizational changes that were initiated to support homeland security in the United States. Then we highlight the 9-11 Commission that Congress charted to provide a full account of the circumstances surrounding the attacks and to develop recommendations for corrective measures that could be taken to prevent future acts of terrorism. We also detail the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and the Implementing the 9-11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007. Finally, we summarize the chapter’s discussion.
Observation of Zero-Field Transverse Resistance in AlO x /SrTi O 3 Interface Devices

Domain walls in ${\mathrm{AlO}}_{x}/\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (${\mathrm{AlO}}_{x}/\mathrm{STO}$) interface devices at low temperatures give a rise to a new signature in the electrical transport of two-dimensional carrier gases formed at the surfaces or interfaces of STO-based heterostructures: a finite transverse resistance observed in Hall bars in zero external magnetic field. This transverse resistance depends on the local domain wall configuration and hence changes with temperature, gate voltage, thermal cycling, and position along the sample and can even change sign as a function of these parameters. The transverse resistance is observed below $\ensuremath{\simeq}70\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ but grows and changes significantly below $\ensuremath{\simeq}40\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$, the temperature at which the domain walls become increasingly polar. Surprisingly, the transverse resistance is much larger in (111) oriented heterostructures in comparison to (001) oriented heterostructures. Measurements of the capacitance between the conducting interface and an electrode applied to the substrate, which reflect the dielectric constant of the STO, indicate that this difference may be related to the greater variation of the temperature-dependent dielectric constant with electric field when the electric field is applied in the [111] direction. The finite transverse resistance can be explained inhomogeneous current flow due to the preferential transport of current along domain walls that are askew to the nominal direction of the injected current.
Can Friendships Protect Against the Health Consequences of Peer Victimization in Adolescence? A Systematic Review

Although bullied adolescents experience elevated risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes, some youth exhibit resilience in the face of peer victimization. Given the developmental importance of peer relationships during adolescence, much of the research examining protective factors that can mitigate bullying-related harm has focused on the role of friendships. However, the findings from studies testing the protective role of friendships for bullied youth have never been systematically reviewed. The goals of the current systematic review were to (a) synthesize the evidence for the protective effect of friendships (quantity and quality) on the mental and physical health of peer victimized adolescents and (b) provide corresponding recommendations for school-based health practitioners to facilitate appropriate supports among socially vulnerable youth in educational settings. A total of 37 studies were identified and evaluated. Approximately half of studies were cross-sectional and most tested friendship quality as a moderator of links between peer victimization and mental health. Although some studies provided evidence for a protective function of friendships, others yielded null effects or found that close friendships amplified victimization-related distress. Given the inconsistency of findings, school-based health practitioners should be aware of the various ways that friendships may, or may not, buffer bullied adolescents from negative health outcomes. Further replication of friendship buffering effects will be essential for guiding school-based bullying prevention and intervention efforts.
Numerical Analysis of SS316L Biaxial Cruciform Specimens Under Proportional Loading Paths

Abstract In this paper, finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the stress and strain states resulting from varying the deformation of stainless steel 316L under biaxial loading. To that end, a biaxial specimen geometry was designed in collaboration with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to achieve large and uniform strain values in the central pocket region. Special care was taken to ensure that the specimen design could be readily manufactured with available resources. Simultaneously, the specimen design criteria required an acceptable strain uniformity in a sufficiently large pocket section to allow for accurate deformation and austenite to martensite phase fraction measurements. This demonstrates the concept of altering the final material properties through stress superposition. Numerical results show that nearly linear curves were observed in the strain path plots. The minimum uniform deformation area for the 4:1 case had a radius of ∼1 mm, which is sufficient for experimental analyses, e.g., digital imaging correlation and electron beam backscatter diffraction. As an application for such heterogeneous materials, patient specific trauma fixation hardware, which are surgically implanted to set broken bones during healing, require high strength in areas where screws are located, i.e., martensite phase, yet low weight elsewhere.
Multimodal and Multitask Approach to Listener's Backchannel Prediction: Can Prediction of Turn-changing and Turn-management Willingness Improve Backchannel Modeling?

The listener's backchannel has the important function of encouraging a current speaker to hold their turn and continue to speak, which enables smooth conversation. The listener monitors the speaker's turn-management (a.k.a. speaking and listening) willingness and his/her own willingness to display backchannel behavior. Many studies have focused on predicting the appropriate timing of the backchannel so that conversational agents can display backchannel behavior in response to a user who is speaking. To the best of our knowledge, none of them added the prediction of turn-changing and participants' turn-management willingness to the backchannel prediction model in dyad interactions. In this paper, we proposed a novel backchannel prediction model that can jointly predict turn-changing and turn-management willingness. We investigated the impact of modeling turn-changing and willingness to improve backchannel prediction. Our proposed model is based on trimodal inputs, that is, acoustic, linguistic, and visual cues from conversations. Our results suggest that adding turn-management willingness as a prediction task improves the performance of backchannel prediction within the multi-modal multi-task learning approach, while adding turn-changing prediction is not useful for improving the performance of backchannel prediction.
GpsB coordinates cell division and cell surface decoration by wall teichoic acids in Staphylococcus aureus

Bacterial cell division is a complex and highly regulated process requiring the coordination of many different proteins. Despite substantial work in model organisms, our understanding of the systems regulating cell division in non-canonical organisms, including critical human pathogens, is far from complete. One such organism is Staphylococcus aureus, a spherical bacterium that lacks known cell division regulatory proteins. Recent studies on GpsB, a protein conserved within the Firmicutes phylum, have provided insight into cell division regulation in S. aureus and other related organisms. It has been revealed that GpsB coordinates cell division and cell wall synthesis in multiple species by interacting with Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) and other partners. In S. aureus, we have previously shown that GpsB directly regulates FtsZ polymerization. In this study, using Bacillus subtilis as a tool, we isolated intragenic and extragenic spontaneous suppressor mutants that abrogate the lethality of S. aureus GpsB overproduction in B. subtilis. Through characterization of these mutants, we identified several key residues important for the function of GpsB. Furthermore, we discovered an additional role for GpsB in wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis in S. aureus. Specifically, we show that GpsB directly interacts with the wall teichoic acid export protein TarG using a bacterial two-hybrid analysis. We also identified a three-residue motif in GpsB that is crucial for this interaction. Based on the analysis of the localization of TagG in B. subtilis and its homolog TarG in S. aureus, it appears that WTA machinery is a part of the divisome complex. As such, we show additional evidence to the growing body of work that suggests that along with peptidoglycan synthesis, WTA biosynthesis and export may take place at the site of cell division. Taken together, this research illustrates how GpsB performs an essential function in S. aureus by directly linking the tightly regulated cell cycle processes of cell division and WTA-mediated cell surface decoration.
A Trophic Cascade Following the Introduction of an Omnivorous Fish, Dorosoma cepedianum, in a Mid-continental Reservoir (Mozingo Studies IV)

Mozingo Lake, a reservoir in the mid-continental United States, was sampled 63 times between January 1999 and October 2015. Prior to 2005, phytoplankton biovolume was largely composed of Cryptomonas and cyanobacteria (mostly Aphanizomenon); these taxa correlated with the abundance of Daphnia and juvenile copepods, and were also influenced by competition between cyanobacteria and bacillariophytes. These relationships suggest the zooplankton community was primarily controlled by bottom-up processes during this time. In 2005, gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) first appeared in the lake, coinciding with the first spined and helmeted forms of Daphnia as well as their decline from 39% to 3% of zooplankton; the relative abundance of juvenile copepods increased concurrently. By 2007 phytoplankton biovolume had decreased by 88%. Although all phytoplankton phyla declined in absolute abundance, some were more heavily impacted. The relative abundance of Aphanizomenon declined from 50% to 6% of the phytoplankton biovolume; Cryptomonas remained common, but bacillariophytes became codominant. Despite the steep decline in phytoplankton biovolume, several important trophic interactions did not change: phytoplankton biovolume continued to control juvenile copepods, and competition continued between cyanobacteria and bacillariophytes. Although juvenile copepods continued to compete with Daphnia, the scarcity of the latter allowed a relative expansion of juvenile copepods and bacillariophytes. Because very few of the standard parameters correlated with phytoplankton, it seems likely that most of the changes were caused by the introduction of gizzard shad, which is an intense consumer of cyanobacteria and Daphnia. Gizzard shad likely initiated a trophic cascade both directly (through consumption) and indirectly (by shifting competition). Although other factors may have played a role, it seems clear that the introduction of gizzard shad can cause dramatic changes in both the zooplankton and phytoplankton communities by altering species relationships in top-down, bottom-up, as well as lateral control processes.
Synthesis and assembly of transmembrane viral and cellular glycoproteins.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the synthesis and assembly of transmembrane viral and cellular glycoproteins, including transmembrane biosynthesis of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glyco (G) protein. VSV encodes five polypeptides, all of which are structural components of the virions, and directs the synthesis of five corresponding messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) species. A VSV particle, like those of most lipid-containing animal viruses, is formed by budding from the plasma membrane of an infected cell. The chapter discusses the biogenesis of two sindbis virus G proteins. Sindbis, like VSV, is a lipid-enveloped virus; however, it contains only three structural proteins, two of which are envelope G proteins—that is, integral membrane proteins (E 1 and E 2 ). The interaction of nascent Sindbis glycoprotein and the endoplasmic reticulum and the movement of transmembrane viral glycoproteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane are described in the chapter.
A Minor Mood

THE CONCERTINA, sleeping beside Joey, has started to wheeze. It's the middle of the night, even the streetlights have their misty blinders on, and the concertina can't seem to catch her breath. In the dark, Joey listens to her ragged sighs. He can't sleep to the concertina's labored breathing. He's worried. He can't help thinking about what happened with the glocken spiel, how he would wake to find her place beside him on the bed empty, and then, from the locked bathroom, he'd hear her heart hammering arhythmically and flat, a dissonant rise and fall of scales. Once it began, it went on like that night after night. The neighbors complained; finally, he lost his lease. And, one day at dusk, he found himself standing on a street of pawn shops and tattoo parlors, with nowhere to go, and only a pawn ticket to show for what had been his life. He'd wandered then into a tattoo
Sudden Death in the Athlete

Arrhythmias in the athlete can range from benign and asymptomatic to highly symptomatic and life-threatening. There is risk of not diagnosing an important cardiovascular condition which may predispose to a serious or life threatening arrhythmia. At the same time there is the risk of unnecessarily restricting the athlete with a more benign condition. Sudden cardiac death in the athlete, although relatively uncommon, remains a challenge as the screening techniques for identification of individuals at risk are insensitive. Many of the underlying cardiovascular diseases responsible for sudden death with exercise can be identified. These include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, anomalous origin of the coronary artery, and the inherited long QT syndromes. To prevent fatalities and unnecessary restriction on athletic participation, the best available information has recently been updated with consensus recommendations and guidelines regarding eligibility. In this manuscript the cardiovascular conditions and cardiac arrhythmias that predispose to sudden cardiac death in the athlete are discussed. I N T R O D U C T I O N Sudden cardiac death in the athlete has intrigued the medical community and the public since the initial report of the unexpected death of the Greek soldier Phoedippides on completing his historic run from Marathon to Athens to deliver the message of victory over the Persians in 490 B.C. To the extent that these deaths occur in the healthiest segment of society, the unexpected death of an athlete is a tragic irony. Because sudden cardiac death in the athlete is relatively uncommon and the screening techniques for identification of individuals at risk are insensitive, the problem of sudden death remains a challenge. Many of the underlying cardiovascular diseases responsible for sudden death with exercise are now identified. These include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, anomalous origin of the coronary artery, and the inherited long QT syndromes. To prevent fatalities and unnecessary restriction on athletic participation, the best available information has recently been updated with consensus recommendations and guidelines regarding eligibility. In this manuscript, we will discuss the cardiovascular conditions and cardiac arrhythmias that predispose to sudden cardiac death in the athlete. Arrhythmias in the athlete can run a range of risk from benign and asymptomatic RevIew Tufts/New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA HOSPITAL CHRONICLES 2007, 2(4): 151–159
Mapping the Issues: Public Health, Law and Ethics

The issues and questions presented in the theory and practice of public health are not resolved solely through scientific inquiry; rather, law and ethics, along with the public health sciences, guide our inquiries. Despite the integral nature of the interplay between public health, law, and ethics, each of these three fields has its separate identity, and the three have rarely cross-fertilized. For the most part, each of these fields has adopted its own terminologies and forms of reasoning. To the extent that scholars and practitioners in the fields of law and ethics have engaged in sustained examinations of issues in health, they have focused principally on medical care. This introductory chapter maps the important features of, and issues in, law and ethics as they pertain to the theory and practice of public health.
Another Kind of Spinozistic Monism

1.0 Introduction – Raising the question The momentous opening pages of Spinoza’s Ethics are well known for his efforts to prove a remarkable thesis: there is only one possible substance and it necessarily exists. But concurrent with his drive towards substance monism is another equally striking but more easily overlooked monistic project. This project concerns the relations between various kinds of metaphysical dependence. What, according to Spinoza, are the relationships between causation, inherence, conceptual connectedness, following-from, and existential dependence? My proposed answer is that Spinoza thinks all metaphysical dependence relations are conceptual containment relations, a single kind of dependence that Spinoza labels “conceptual involvement.” I call Spinoza’s thesis that every relation of metaphysical dependence just is a relation of conceptual dependence the thesis of conceptual dependence monism. Although the topic of dependence relations in Spinoza may have the air of hyper-specialized historical arcana, understanding Spinoza’s conceptual dependence monism yields important insights into many of his most striking and pervasive metaphysical views, including the intensionality of causal contexts, the nature and relations of substance and modes, necessitarianism, the demands of metaphysical perfection, and the content of his explanatory rationalism. It also provides us with a neglected step in Spinoza’s proof for his more famous substance monism, one that prevents the whole proof from otherwise begging the question against substance pluralists like Leibniz. And whereas Spinoza’s substance monism may appear to be an historically interesting, but philosophically untenable project 1 , Spinoza’s interest in the relationship between various kinds of metaphysical dependence mirrors a vibrant research project in contemporary metaphysics.
A low power unified cache architecture providing power and performance flexibility (poster session)

Advances in technology have allowed portable electronic devices to become smaller and more complex, placing stringent power and performance requirements on the devices components. The M7CORE M3 architecture was developed specifically for these embedded applications. To address the growing need for longer battery life and higher performance, an 8-Kbyte, 4-way set-associative, unified (instruction and data) cache with pro-grammable features was added to the M3 core. These features allow the architecture to be optimized based on the applications requirements. In this paper, we focus on the features of the M340 cache sub-system and illustrate the effect on power and perfor-mance through benchmark analysis and actual silicon measure-ments.
Pros and cons of vaginal brachytherapy after external beam radiation therapy in endometrial cancer

A large number of studies have looked at the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer. One particular radiation strategy in common practice is the use of adjuvant external beam (EB) radiotherapy followed by vaginal brachytherapy (VB). While the addition of VB to EB provides a theoretical benefit of a localized boost with higher focused dose to an area of potentially high recurrence risk, a randomized clinical trial to compare outcomes and toxicities of EB+VB vs. EB alone is lacking. The goal of this review is to present the current data for and against the use of this combined radiation modality and to provide some preliminary evidence regarding which patient populations may be most likely to benefit.
Bayesian Variable Selection Under Collinearity

In this article, we highlight some interesting facts about Bayesian variable selection methods for linear regression models in settings where the design matrix exhibits strong collinearity. We first demonstrate via real data analysis and simulation studies that summaries of the posterior distribution based on marginal and joint distributions may give conflicting results for assessing the importance of strongly correlated covariates. The natural question is which one should be used in practice. The simulation studies suggest that posterior inclusion probabilities and Bayes factors that evaluate the importance of correlated covariates jointly are more appropriate, and some priors may be more adversely affected in such a setting. To obtain a better understanding behind the phenomenon, we study some toy examples with Zellner’s g-prior. The results show that strong collinearity may lead to a multimodal posterior distribution over models, in which joint summaries are more appropriate than marginal summaries. Th...
9‐Vinyl‐9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

[129493-14-7] C10H17B (MW 148.08) InChI = 1S/C10H17B/c1-2-11-9-5-3-6-10(11)8-4-7-9/h2,9-10H,1,3-8H2/t9-,10+ InChIKey = BXPGUGQBTYHODY-AOOOYVTPSA-N (highly reactive and selective Diels–Alder dienophile1) Physical Data: bp 28–30 °C/0.25 mmHg.1 Preparative Method: vinylboranes are most conveniently prepared from the reaction of vinylstannanes with bromo- and chloroboranes (eq 1).1 These preparations may be carried out in situ2 for Diels–Alder reactions. (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: volatile vinylboranes are extremely pyrophoric; many problems may be avoided using the in situ procedure.2 Vinyl-9-BBN dimerizes3 extensively over the course of days at rt, and slowly in a freezer, but some other vinyldialkylboranes are much more stable.3
The 2010 National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) mooring workshop

The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has a global operating theater that encompasses marine weather buoys, Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys and Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART®) buoys. NDBC operates and maintains 117 weather buoys, 55 TAO buoys and 38 DART buoys. These systems are deployed into harsh marine environments and are under constant attack from biological, environmental and human forces. NDBC realized that tackling the mooring issues associated with these deep-ocean moored buoy systems was going to be difficult and long term. In dealing with the short-term issues NDBC decided to host a two-day mooring workshop with the intention to improve the operational reliability of their moored systems. In order to better facilitate this mooring workshop, NDBC requested the NDBC Technical Services Contractor (NTSC) to bring together an internal mooring working group to address the mooring issues and problems. This paper presents the NDBC mooring configurations, the mooring working group and their finding, the actual 2010 NDBC mooring workshop and its findings and recommendations, and finally the actions and on-going efforts generated by the mooring workshop.
Differences in factor content of rights and wrongs scores

The right-response scores and wrong-response scores of speeded aptitude tests were factor analyzed to determine whether they differ in factorial content. The information thus obtained was used to derive scoring formulas that yield purer measures of a factor than do scoring formulas derived in other ways.
Biogenesis of pigment granules: a sensitive way to regulate melanocyte function

Pigmentation not only provides a wide range of cosmetic coloration to the skin, hair and eyes, but also provides the underlying tissue significant protection from ultraviolet (UV) damage, which can lead to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. The melanin pigment is synthesized and deposited within a unique, membrane-bound organelle termed the melanosome. Recent advances in molecular biology and biochemistry have allowed a greater appreciation of how melanocytes generate this organelle and how its biogenesis, structure and function is regulated by the environment. Melanosomes serve as ideal models for the study of organelle biogenesis, protein trafficking, organelle movement and cell-cell interactions that occur during the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes. Our understanding of the mechanisms behind a wide range of human pigmentary diseases have grown remarkably as melanosomes have been unraveled.
Light-dependent plasticity of the synaptic terminals of Mb bipolar cells in goldfish retina

We recently described spine-like protrusions (spinules) from the synaptic terminals of mixed rod-cone (Mb) bipolar cells of goldfish retina that invaginated about 5% of the presynaptic amacrine cell processes (Yazulla and Studholme, J Comp Neurol 310:11, 1991). In view of reports of a light/dark dependent-plasticity on the formation of dendritic spinules on goldfish horizontal cells (Raynauld et al., Science 204:1436, 1979; Wagner, J Neurocytol 9:573, 1980), we investigated the possibility that Mb terminal spinules also might show light/dark-dependent plasticity. Retinas were obtained at noon time from light-adapted and 3-hour dark-adapted goldfish and processed for electron microscopy using conventional histological procedures and by preembedding immunocytochemistry to detect protein kinase C immunoreactivity. Two effects of light adaptation on Mb terminal morphology were observed. First, the surface of Mb terminals was significantly more irregular after dark adaptation than light adaptation. With dark adaptation, Mb terminals appeared «amoeboid,» with numerous cytoplasmic extensions between the presynaptic processes. Second, spinules were sevenfold more frequent after dark adaptation than light adaptation (8% vs. 1.2% of the presynaptic processes were invaginated by spinules). We suggest that the increased frequency of spinules during dark adaptation is related to an enhancement of synaptic transmission from a minor amacrine cell input when the major input from GABAergic amacrine cells is reduced. Also, the irregular surface of dark-adapted Mb terminals may be related to the reduction of synaptic input during dark adaptation.
Syndrome of Hypoplasia of the Right Lung and Dextroposition of the Heart: "Scimitar Sign" with Normal Pulmonary Venous Drainage

Reported is a case in which the clinical findings of the scimitar syndrome were present but with termination of the anomalous pulmonary vein into the left atrium. There was hypoplasia of the right lung, dextroposition of the heart, and the scimitar sign in the right lower lung field. Cardiac catheterization revealed no shunt, and on pulmonary angiograms, a large common right pulmonary vein curved toward the diaphragm (as in the usual case of the scimitar syndrome), but then reversed course to enter the left atrium. No connection with the inferior vena cava was present.
On the scattering-greenhouse effect of CO 2 ice clouds

Abstract The authors offer some remarks on the greenhouse effect due to high clouds that reflect thermal infrared radiation, but do not absorb or emit it. Such clouds are an idealization of the CO2 ice clouds that are thought to have existed early in the history of Mars. Clouds of this type enter also in the ability of Earth to recover from a globally glaciated “cold start” and in the determination of habitable zones of planetary systems. A simplified model of cloud optical effects is used to estimate the effect of high CO2 ice clouds on the planetary radiation budget in the solar and infrared spectrum. It is argued that the scattering greenhouse effect certainly cancels out a large part of the cooling effect due to the cloud’s visible albedo and in some circumstances may even lead to a net warming as compared to the no-cloud case. Speculative implications for the climate of early Mars are discussed.
Total Synthesis of Baccatin III and Taxol

An intramolecular Heck reaction (90 → 91) serves as the key step in the total synthesis of the titled compounds. The synthetic route is based on utilizing the Wieland−Miescher ketone (5) as a matrix to provide the C and D rings of the targets and to provide functionality implements for joining this sector to an A ring precursor (6). Catalytically induced enantiotopic control and early emplacement of the oxetane are other features of the route.
Further results on the covering radii of the Reed-Muller codes

LetR(r, m) by therth order Reed-Muller code of length2 m , and let ρ(r, m) be its covering radius. We obtain the following new results on the covering radius ofR(r, m): 1. ρ(r+1,m+2)≥ 2ρ(r, m)+2 if 0≤r≤m−2. This improves the successive use of the known inequalities ρ(r+1,m+2)≥2ρ(r+1,m+1) and ρ(r+1,m+1)≥ρ (r, m).2.ρ(2, 7)≤44. Previously best known upper bound for ρ(2, 7) was 46. 3. The covering radius ofR(1,m) inR(m−1,m) is the same as the covering radius ofR(1,m) inR(m−2,m) form≥4.
Peptides from the PKD repeats of polycystin, the PKD1 gene product, modulate pattern formation in the developing kidney.

Mutations in the PKD1 gene cause the majority of cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The PKD1 gene codes for a protein of unknown function, polycystin-1, that is predicted to be a receptor. Its large extracellular domain contains 16 copies of novel motif, the PKD repeat, that is likely to be a ligand binding domain based on its similarity to immunoglobulin domains. These observations suggested that soluble fragments of the extracellular domain of polycystin-1 could be used as competitive inhibitors of polycystin function in a suitable model system. Polycystin-1 is highly expressed in the ureteric bud and other branching epithelia during development and interacts with β-catenin, a molecule known to play a role in branching morphogenesis. These data suggested that polycystin-1 might play a role in branching morphogenesis. I show here that peptides derived from the PKD repeats of polycystin-1 caused an asymmetric pattern of ureteric bud branching in cultured kidney rudiments. Treatment of kidney rudiments with experimental but not control peptides reduced both the number of ureteric bud branches and the number of nephrons. Experimental peptides produced significant morphogenetic effects at concentrations ≤0.1 mM. These data suggest that polycystin-1 plays a role in branching morphogenesis by the ureteric bud. Dev Genet 24:299–308, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FRP Systems in Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Abstract Due to their lightweight, high tensile strength, and ease to install on irregular surfaces, the use of FRP systems for the repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures has become an accepted practice within civil engineering community. Extensive research has been conducted on structural members to identify the improvement in their flexural and axial capacity due to FRP strengthening. However, the analytical and experimental studies on shear strengthening with FRP systems are limited. Currently, there is no widely accepted guideline available for the design of concrete structures strengthened in shear using externally bonded FRP systems. Keeping in mind the fact that the use of these strengthening methods has been hindered mostly due to lack of comprehensive design provisions, the available guidelines/specifications are reviewed and the factors that need further investigation are identified. To improve the understanding of the general mechanisms of shear strengthening techniques with externally bonded FRP systems, suggestions for further research effort are itemized and recommendations for an improved guideline are set forth.
Potential scope of action of tissue kallikreins in CNS immune-mediated disease

The objective of this study was to define the potential scope of action of tissue kallikreins in T cell-mediated disease of the CNS. We demonstrate quantitatively the differential expression of all 15 human tissue kallikreins within brain, spinal cord and immune compartments. In human Jurkat T cells we demonstrate differential regulation of select kallikreins by CD3 receptor, Concanavilin A (Con A), interleukin 2 (IL2), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation and by exposure to steroid hormones, dexamethasone, norgestrel, androstan and estradiol. The patterns of co-expression and co-regulation described point to novel effector roles for select tissue kallikreins in neurological disorders involving T cells, such as multiple sclerosis.
Outcomes of Triplets Reduced to Twins Versus Non-Reduced Triplet Pregnancies

Background: This study examined the outcomes of triplet pregnancies selectively reduced to twin pregnancies, compared with non-reduced triplet pregnancies using a standardized approach. Methods: This study is an observational retrospective study of all women who presented to the Fetal Diagnostic Center between 1999 and 2009, had triplet pregnancies in the first trimester, received prenatal care and delivered at Abington Memorial Hospital. Data analysis was performed with SPPS version 15 for Windows using analysis of variance and Fisher’s exact test. Results: One hundred thirty-two triplet pregnancies were identified. In the reduced group (n = 30) compared to the non-reduced triplet group (n = 102), average gestational age of delivery was longer 34.6 weeks versus 31.2 weeks gestation (P ≤ 0.0005) and days in hospital were less 9.0 versus 26.7 days (P = 0.001). There was a significantly lower incidence of gestational diabetes and preterm labor in reduced pregnancies. Rate of loss, defined as delivery less than 24 weeks, was similar (3.3% versus 4.9%). Conclusion: Women electing to reduce a triplet pregnancy to twins have higher gestational ages at delivery, lower rates of gestational diabetes and preterm labor, and spend fewer days in hospital than non-reduced triplet pregnancies. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2015;4(1):160-163 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcgo322w
Peer-reviewed Article Rhoticity in the Accents of American Film Actors: A Sociolinguistic Study

(2000). Peer-reviewed Article Rhoticity in the Accents of American Film Actors: A Sociolinguistic Study. Voice and Speech Review: Vol. 1, Standard Speech, pp. 103-130.
Validity of self-reported psychiatric diagnoses among patients seeking treatment for a substance use disorder

Patients seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently report a history of psychiatric diagnoses, but the validity of these diagnoses is not well established. The study aimed to validate self-reported historical mental diagnoses in patients with an SUD using psychometric tests and structured interviews. This cross-sectional study of participants (n = 30) with an SUD compared their self-reported prior psychiatric diagnoses with current clinical diagnoses based on psychometric tests and structured psychosocial interviews. Of the 11 participants reporting a prior diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), only one received a current clinical diagnosis of BD. The historical diagnosis of a personality disorder was confirmed in the two participants reporting this diagnosis, and 15 new diagnoses were made. Bipolar disorder was over-diagnosed in participants with an SUD who instead might have personality disorders. Self-reported psychiatric diagnoses presented by patients for treatment of an SUD should...
Chronic use of PPI and H2 antagonists decreases the risk of pouchitis after IPAA for ulcerative colitis.

Bacteria have been implicated in the development of pouchitis after ileal pouch anal anastomosis. The change in gastric pH with the use of proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists may lead to alteration of enteric bacteria. We hypothesized that chronic use of these medications would decrease the incidence of pouchitis. Patients who had undergone ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis were classified by history of pouchitis. Patients were further classified by their use of proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, antacids, and other known risk factors for pouchitis. Eighty-five patients were identified. There was a statistically significant increase in the use of daily acid suppression in patients without pouchitis. There was also a statistically significant increase in the use of antacids in patients without pouchitis. Occasional use of acid suppression did not alter the rate of pouchitis. Our data suggest that the daily use of proton pump inhibitors, H2 antagonists, or antacids is associated with a decreased risk of pouchitis in ulcerative colitis. Occasional use of these agents did not seem to afford the same protection. These data suggest that altering the pH of the gastrointestinal tract may influence the development of pouchitis.
Thresholds and the rising pion inclusive cross section

In the context of the hypothesis of the Pomeron-f identity, it is shown that the rising pion inclusive cross section can be explained over a wide range of energies as a series of threshold effects. Low-mass thresholds are seen to be important. In order to understand the contributions of high-mass thresholds (flavoring), a simple two-channel multiperipheral model is examined. The analysis sheds light on the relation between thresholds and Mueller-Regge couplings. In particular, it is seen that inclusive-, and total-cross-section threshold mechanisms may differ. A quantitative model based on this idea and utilizing previous total-cross-section fits is seen to agree well with experiment.
On Long-Wave Disturbances of Dynamic Height in the North Pacific

Abstract Long-wave disturbances of dynamic height in the North pacific are investigated by means of closely spaced STD (salinity, temperature, depth) stations and are related to atmospheric forcing. Wavelike disturbances with length scales between 400 and 600 km are common in the latitude range between 20° and 50°N. The wave amplitudes are larger in the western than in the central and eastern Pacific, and they depend upon season. A large eastward decrease in wave amplitude is observed near the Emperor seamount chain. The wavelike disturbances extend to several hundred meters’ depth, with an exponential-type decrease in wave amplitude. The baroclinic currents associated with the dynamic height perturbations are an order of magnitude larger than the mean currents. The perturbations are related to atmospheric forcing, in particular the curl of the wind stress field. Where the distribution of the curl is zonal, meridional waves are excited, which are reflected in north–south dynamic height sections. Where sev...
Prevention and Management of Complications Arising from External Fixation Pin Sites

The use of external fixation devices to assist in the management of lower extremity trauma and reconstruction continues to rise. Despite the distinct advantages of external fixation, complications from external fixators continue to exist. The complicated external fixator-associated pin site may be a potential source of significant morbidity, especially in the at-risk patient, which may lead to soft tissue healing problems and infections, as well as osteomyelitis. This article describes both simple as well as more complex techniques that the authors use in the prevention and management of complications arising from external fixator pin sites, and solutions to the difficult task of incorporating external fixator wires into negative-pressure dressings.
Neutrino opacities and emissivities of importance in supernovae.

Neutrino emissivities and opacities are calculated for temperatures, densities and compositions of interest to supernovae and gravitational collapse. The calculations include effects of degeneracy and the recently discovered neutral weak current. Estimates for energy and momentum loss in neutrino scattering are given. 32 references. (auth)
The model for integrating strategy and intelligence: the Executive Intelligence Officer

Purpose – The paper contends that a major reason for the persistence of the gulf between strategists and intelligence is the absence of an intelligence‐focused executive position at the senior levels of the organization.Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposes one such intelligence role model – The Executive Intelligence Officer (EIO). In practice, creating an EIO position based on our model would be part of a set of innovative practices that leaders could adopt to link executive decision making and the processes of intelligence.Findings – A key responsibility for the EIO is to introduce the CEO to viewpoints that lie outside the firm's “party line.” The CEO's thinking thus can be challenged, stretched, and extended by an EIO who has both the credibility and expertise to question the executive team's current assumptions.Practical implications – Using the EIO role as a cornerstone, here is how we propose to address the executive‐intelligence linkage problem: establish the position of EIO; the EIO a...
Estrogen and progestogen binding site concentrations in human endometrium and cervix throughout the menstrual cycle and in tissue from women taking oral contraceptives.

Abstract Estrogen and progestogen binding site concentrations in human cervix and endometrium were measured throughout the menstrual cycle in tissue from cycling women and women taking oral contraceptives. The estrogen binding site concentrations in endometrium were higher in the proliferative and early secretory phase (days 1–17) when compared to the later secretory phase (days 18–28), while the cervical concentrations remained constant throughout the cycle. In contrast, both endometrial and cervical levels of progestogen binding sites were higher in the proliferative than in the secretory phase. Cervices from women taking oral contraceptives exhibited estrogen and progestogen binding site concentrations in the range found for proliferative phase tissues. The data from this and previous studies support the suggestion that the regulation of female sex hormone-mediated events in the human cervix occurs via receptors similar in many aspects to those found in other target tissues.
The fermi surface of beryllium

Energy band calculations are reponted for hcp beryllium with good agreement with previous results for the Fermi surface. (R.E.U.)
Tool for analysis and quantification of fabrication layouts in nanomagnet-based computing

The coupling among nano-magnets, placed at specific locations, but not necessarily in a regular grid, can be used to perform logic operations. We have developed an image-processing tool that will help one to automatically analyze and characterize atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of fabrication attempts to identify errors and magnetization. This is currently a highly manual and tedious process. We quantify fabrication errors and generate an enhanced MFM image. The fabrication errors are quantified into 3 categories: missed, extra and merged. The enhanced MFM image shows only magnetization of the sample without any surface characteristics.
Hurricane impact and recovery shoreline change analysis of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, USA: 1855 to 2005

Results from historical (1855–2005) shoreline change analysis conducted along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana demonstrate that tropical cyclone frequency dominates the long-term evolution of this barrier island chain. Island area decreased at a rate of −0.16 km2/year for the relatively quiescent time period up until 1996, when an increase in tropical cyclone frequency accelerated this island area reduction to a rate of −1.01 km2/year. More frequent hurricanes also affected shoreline retreat rates, which increased from −11.4 m/year between 1922 and 1996 to −41.9 m/year between 1982 and 2005. The erosional impact caused by the passage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was unprecedented. Between 2004 and 2005, the shoreline of the northern islands retreated −201.5 m/year, compared with an average retreat rate of −38.4 m/year between 1922 and 2004. A linear regression analysis of shoreline change predicts that, as early as 2013, the backbarrier marsh that serves to stabilize the barrier island chain will be completely destroyed if storm frequency observed during the past decade persists. If storm frequency decreases to pre-1996 recurrence intervals, the backbarrier marsh is predicted to remain until 2037. Southern portions of the barrier island chain where backbarrier marsh is now absent behave as ephemeral islands that are destroyed after storm impacts and reemerge during extended periods of calm weather, a coastal behavior that will eventually characterize the entire island chain.
Genome‐wide Analysis of Kelch Repeat‐containing F‐box Family

The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway plays diverse roles in eukaryotes. Previous studies indicate that both F-box and Kelch motifs are common in a variety of organisms. F-box proteins are subunits of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes called SCFs (SKP1, Cullin1, F-box protein, and Rbx1); they have an N-terminal F-box motif that binds to SKP1 (S-phase kinase associated protein), and often have C-terminal protein-protein interaction domains, which specify the protein substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway. One of the most frequently found protein interaction domains in F-box proteins is the Kelch repeat domain. Although both the F-box and Kelch repeats are ancient motifs, Kelch repeats-containing F-box proteins (KFB) have only been reported for human and Arabidopsis previously. The recent sequencing of the rice genome and other plant genomes provides an opportunity to examine the possible evolution history of KFB. We carried out extensive BLAST searches to identify putative KFBs in selected organisms, and analyzed their relationships phylogenetically. We also carried out the analysis of both gene duplication and gene expression of the KFBs in rice and Arabidopsis. Our study indicates that the origin of KFBs occurs before the divergence of animals and plants, and plant KFBs underwent rapid gene duplications.