cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intimacy and Disputing Styles Within Kin and Nonkin Relationships

Many theorists of family conflict have suggested that the more intimate a relationship is, the more intense conflict will be within that relationship. This hypothesis was tested in a survey of modal disputing styles within 14 kin and 12 non-kin relationships. A total of 455 subjects reported their modal disputing styles, their intimacy, and their frequency of contact within these relationships. As hypothesized, reported intimacy did correlate with more extreme disputing styles.
Plasma Testosterone, Estradiol, and Gonadotrophins in Hepatic Insufficiency

The pituitary- gonadal axis was evaluated in 22 male patients with hepatic insufficiency, utilizing measurements of serum estradiol, testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. In these patients, only levels of T were significantly different from those obtained in normal men (3.9 ng per ml in patients versus 5.2 ng per ml in normal subjects, P
Parallel algorithms for inductance extraction of VLSI circuits

Inductance extraction involves estimating the mutual inductance in a VLSI circuit. Due to increasing clock speed and diminishing feature sizes of modern VLSI circuits, the effects of inductance are increasingly felt during the testing and verification stages. Hence, there is a need for fast and accurate inductance extraction software. A generalized approach for inductance extraction requires the solution of a dense complex symmetric linear system that models mutual inductive effects among circuit elements. Iterative methods are used to solve the system without explicit computation of the matrix itself. Fast hierarchical techniques are used to compute approximate matrix-vector products with the dense system matrix. This work presents an overview of a new parallel software package for inductance extraction of large VLSI circuits. The technique uses a combination of the solenoidal basis method and effective preconditioning schemes to solve the linear system. Fast multipole method (FMM) is used to compute approximate matrix-vector products with the inductance matrix. By formulating the pre-conditioner as a dense matrix similar to the coefficient matrix, we are able to use FMM for the preconditioning step as well. A two-tier parallelization scheme allows an efficient parallel implementation using both OpenMP and MPI directives simultaneously. The experiments conducted on various multiprocessor machines demonstrate the portability and parallel performance of the software.
Extinction of the effect of one ECS

To determine if the effects of one ECS were temporary or permanent 40 rats were given two initial learning sessions in a hurdle box. One group received ECS and another group received sham ECS. The two groups were then divided into a group which was placed in the hurdle box compartment (where ECS or sham ECS was administered) 5 min. per day for three days (extinction group) while the remaining group stayed in home cages. The results indicate that ECS without extinction procedures causes a decrement in relearning. With extinction procedures ECS caused no decrement in learning. These results suggest that the effects of a single ECS are temporary since they can be extinguished.
Dissecting interactions between nucleosides and germination receptors in Bacillus cereus 569 spores.

Bacillus cereus 569 spores germinate either with inosine as a sole germinant or with a combination of nucleosides and l-alanine. Whereas the inosine-only germination pathway requires the presence of two different germination receptors (GerI and GerQ) to be activated, the nucleoside/alanine germination pathway only needs one of the two receptors. To differentiate how nucleoside recognition varies between the inosine-only germination pathway and the nucleoside/alanine germination pathway, we tested 61 purine analogues as agonists and antagonists of the two pathways in wild-type, ΔgerI and ΔgerQ spores. The structure–activity relationships of germination agonists and antagonists suggest that the inosine-only germination pathway is restricted to recognize a single germinant (inosine), but can be inhibited in predictable patterns by structurally distinct purine nucleosides. B. cereus spores encoding GerI as the only nucleoside receptor (ΔgerQ mutant) showed a germination inhibition profile similar to wild-type spores treated with inosine only. Thus, GerI seems to have a well-organized binding site that recognizes inosine and inhibitors through specific substrate–protein interactions. Structure–activity analysis also showed that the nucleoside/alanine germination pathway is more promiscuous toward purine nucleoside agonists, and is only inhibited by hydrophobic analogues. B. cereus spores encoding GerQ as the only nucleoside receptor (ΔgerI mutant) behaved like wild-type spores treated with inosine and l-alanine. Thus, the GerQ receptor seems to recognize substrates in a more flexible binding site through non-specific interactions. We propose that the GerI receptor is responsible for germinant detection in the inosine-only germination pathway. On the other hand, supplementing inosine with l-alanine allows bypassing of the GerI receptor to activate the more flexible GerQ receptor.
Effects of Gender Differences on Perceptions of Destination Attributes, Motivations, and Travel Values: An Examination of a Nature-Based Resort Destination

This study examines the perceptions of the potential tourist market to a nature-based resort destination from the gendered perspective. The research reveals that significant gender differences exist about the perceived importance of destination attributes and travel values when potential nature tourists consider destination choices. After controlling for demographic and travel behaviour variables, such as age, marital status, education, household income, preference of price quote and length of stay, most gender differences remain significant. In addition, more significant distinctions between men and women are demonstrated after controlling for age and income level. The study provides insights into gendered perceptions of nature-based tourism settings. Specific marketing implications are discussed in an attempt to successfully attract nature tourists and provide a high-quality nature destination experience.
The United States Women's Health Research Agenda Analysis and Critique

This article describes the process used to develop a United States women's health research agenda and the published critiques of that agenda. Consideration of methods to develop knowledge about women 's health from a feminist standpoint raises questions about the process and products of research that can have emancipatory ends for women.
Relationship between electrophysiological signature and defined sensory modality of trigeminal ganglion neurons in vivo

The trigeminal ganglia (TG) innervate a heterogeneous set of highly sensitive and exposed tissues. Weak, innocuous stimuli can evoke pain as a normal response in some areas such as the cornea. This observation implies, however, the capability of low-threshold mechanoreceptors, inducing pain in the normal condition. To clarify this matter, the present study correlates the electrical signature (both fiber conduction velocity and somatic electrical properties) with receptor field, mechanical threshold, and temperature responsiveness of sensory afferents innervating tissues with dissimilar sensitivity (skin vs. cornea) in the trigeminal domain. Intracellular recordings were obtained in vivo from 148 neurons of the left TG of 62 mice. In 111 of these neurons, the peripheral receptor field was successfully localized: 96 of them innervated the hairy skin, while the remaining 15 innervated the cornea. The electrical signature was defined and peripheral responses correlated with tissue target. No high threshold neurons were found in the cornea. Moreover, the electrical signature of corneal afferents resembles nociceptive neurons in the skin. TG skin afferents showed similar membrane electrical signature and sensory modality as skin afferents from dorsal root ganglion, although TG afferents exhibited a shorter duration of afterhyperpolarization then those previously described in dorsal root ganglion. These data suggest than new or different ways to classify and study TG sensory neurons may be required.
Natural-Scene Perception Requires Attention

Is visual attention required for visual consciousness? In the past decade, many researchers have claimed that awareness can arise in the absence of attention. This claim is largely based on the notion that natural scene (or "gist") perception occurs without attention. This article presents evidence against this idea. We show that when observers perform a variety of demanding, sustained-attention tasks, inattentional blindness occurs for natural scenes. In addition, scene perception is impaired under dual-task conditions, but only when the primary task is sufficiently demanding. This finding suggests that previous studies that have been interpreted as demonstrating scene perception without attention failed to fully engage attention and that natural-scene perception does indeed require attention. Thus, natural-scene perception is not a preattentive process and cannot be used to support the idea of awareness without attention.
Genetic Evidence that the Acetylation of the Smc3p Subunit of Cohesin Modulates Its ATP-Bound State to Promote Cohesion Establishment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Sister chromatid cohesion refers to the process by which sister chromatids are tethered together until the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. The evolutionarily conserved cohesin complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion. Cohesin not only ensures proper chromosome segregation, but also promotes high-fidelity DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. Two subunits of cohesin (Smc1p, Smc3p) are members of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family. The SMC family is recognized by their large coiled-coil arms and conserved ATP-binding cassette-like ATPase domain. While both Smc1p and Smc3p ATP binding and hydrolysis are essential for cohesin function in vivo, little is known about how this core enzymatic activity is regulated to facilitate sister chromatid cohesion. Here we use SMC mutant proteins to block specific steps in cohesin's ATPase cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that blocking Smc3p-mediated ATP binding or Smc3p ATP hydrolysis traps unique functional states in cohesion. Finally, we provide evidence that Smc3p acetylation, which has an essential role in cohesion establishment, modulates the Smc3p ATP-bound state.
Diel horizontal migration in streams: juvenile fish exploit spatial heterogeneity in thermal and trophic resources.

Vertical heterogeneity in the physical characteristics of lakes and oceans is ecologically salient and exploited by a wide range of taxa through diel vertical migration to enhance their growth and survival. Whether analogous behaviors exploit horizontal habitat heterogeneity in streams is largely unknown. We investigated fish movement behavior at daily timescales to explore how individuals integrated across spatial variation in food abundance and water temperature. Juvenile coho salmon made feeding forays into cold habitats with abundant food, and then moved long distances (350–1300 m) to warmer habitats that accelerated their metabolism and increased their assimilative capacity. This behavioral thermoregulation enabled fish to mitigate trade-offs between trophic and thermal resources by exploiting thermal heterogeneity. Fish that exploited thermal heterogeneity grew at substantially faster rates than did individuals that assumed other behaviors. Our results provide empirical support for the importance of...
Indications for commissurotomy in mitral stenosis.

The scope of medical management of the patient with valvular disease continually is being redefined as surgical procedures for correction of valvular defects are tried, improved, and finally accepted. Severe degrees of valvular obstruction are recognized to be incompatible with good health; surgical intervention is indicated as soon as the stenosis progresses to a point where it becomes a marked handicap to the patient, provided contraindications are absent or only minor. We all are aware that a number of patients with narrowed mitral valves may-with adequate observation and proper medical management-live for many years in relative comfort, experiencing little distress except after unusual exertion. Some may even live out a relatively normal life span with little or no restriction in normal activity. In the majority of cases, however, cumulative effects of strain imposed by the mechanical stricture progressively handicap the heart until, eventually, work tolerance reaches extremely low levels, the patient becomes totally incapacitated, and premature death results. It is our problem, as cardiologists and internists, to sift out from the patients under our care those who will benefit from mitral surgery, and to determine when in the progressive series of events mitral surgery will most benefit the individual patient. In order that we shall be able to choose the point at which surgical intervention will be most beneficial, it is necessary that we understand thoroughly the stages of progressive mitral stenosis, and that we recognize the signs and symptoms which indicate the status of the patient at any particular moment. If intervention is to be of the greatest value, it must come before irreversible changes in the heart and related structures occur, which will in themselves limit recovery and survival of the patient. Progressive Stages First overt symptoms of mitral stenosis are produced by the damming back into the lesser circulation of a volume of blood which can no longer flow normally from the left auricle into the left ventricle because of resistance of the narrowed orifice. To compensate for the narrowed opening and to maintain cardiac output at near-normal levels, pressure proximal to the mitral valve must increase. Initial indication of the puckering or tightening of the mitral orifice is the presence of selective left atrial hypertrophy, due to the diminished output of blood from the left atrium,
Evidence for and against regional differences in neural stem and progenitor cells of the CNS

Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSCs) give rise to the cellular diversity of the CNS. There is evidence both for and against differences in these cells based on the region of the brain in which they reside. Primary brain tumors mimic many aspects of NSC behavior. Recent data suggest that some of the variability in glioma biology may be, in part, a reflection of regional differences in the NSCs from which they arise. In this issue of Genes & Development, Lee and colleagues (pp. 2317-2329) examine how NF1 regulates NSC proliferation and glial differentiation in the brainstem and cortex of the postnatal mouse brain.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Methyprylon and its Major Metabolite (2,4-Dioxo-3, 3-diethyl-5-methyl-1,2,3, 4- tetrahydropyridine) in an Overdose Case

A rapid, simple gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is presented by which methyprylon (3, 3-dlethyl-2, 4-dioxo-Smethylpiperidine) and its major metabolite (2, 4-dioxo-3, 3-dlethyl-5-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrldlne) may be quantitated in biological fluids. The procedure requires 0.5 ml of sample and is linear between 1 and 200~glml; it has been applied to samples of urine, plasma, end dielysate fluid collected from a patient reported to have ingested 30 grams of methyprylon.
The Inverse Problem in Electrocardiography: A Model Study of the Effects of Geometry and Conductivity Parameters on the Reconstruction of Epicardial Potentials

An idealized, analytic model using spherical harmonics was developed to analyze the effects of variations in torso geometry and volume conductivity parameters on the recovery of epicardial potentials from torso potentials. The model was also used to analyze the effects of these variations on individual terms in the orthogonal series expansion. The ability to reconstruct separate, local electrical events on the epicardium was examined under the following simulated situations: 1) all conductivity and geometry parameters were known accurately, 2) the conductivity of individual torso tissue layers was varied, 3) the torso-air boundary was eliminated (the "infinite medium" assumption), 4) the heart position was not accurately known, and 5) the heart size was not accurately known. Variation in conductivity and geometry parameters was found to exert a quantitative and qualitative effect on the amplitude, resolution, and position of the reconstructed epicardial maxima and minima. Significant differences were found in the ability of the inverse procedure to recover epicardial potentials resulting from posterior as opposed to anterior myocardial sources. Important conclusions regarding the narrow allowance for error in heart size and position, and the relative contributions of the torso tissue layer conductivities can provide guidelines for inverse reconstruction of epicardial potentials with a realistic model utilizing the true geometry.
Image-guided thermal ablation of lung malignancies.

It is clear that patients who have lung malignancies with limited treatment options are benefiting from image-guide ablation therapy
An Efficient RFID Tag-Reader Mutual Authentication Scheme

Performing tag-reader mutual authentication to detect cloned fake tags and ward off malicious readers is a basic requirement of various applications of RFID technology. In this paper, we propose an efficient RFID tag-reader mutual authentication scheme that is light weight, simple to implement and can effectively alleviates tracking and replaying threats. This scheme also has good performance and scalability features and can support efficient ownership management of the RFID tag attached objects.
A broadly applicable continuous spectrophotometric assay for measuring aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity

We describe a convenient, simple and novel continuous spectrophotometric method for the determination of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity. The assay relies upon the measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate generated in the first step of the aminoacylation of a tRNA. Pyrophosphate release is coupled to inorganic pyrophosphatase, to generate phosphate, which in turn is used as the substrate of purine nucleoside phosphorylase to catalyze the N-glycosidic cleavage of 2-amino 6-mercapto 7-methylpurine ribonucleoside. Of the reaction products, ribose 1-phosphate and 2-amino 6-mercapto 7-methylpurine, the latter has a high absorbance at 360 nm relative to the nucleoside and hence provides a spectrophotometric signal that can be continuously followed. The non-destructive nature of the spectrophotometric assay allowed the re-use of the tRNAs in question in successive experiments. The usefulness of this method was demonstrated for glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. Initial velocities measured using this assay correlate closely with those assayed by quantitation of [3H]Gln-tRNA or [14C]Trp-tRNA formation respectively. In both cases amino acid transfer from the aminoacyl adenylate to the tRNA represents the rate determining step. In addition, aminoacyl adenylate formation by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase was followed and provided a more sensitive means of active site titration than existing techniques. Finally, this novel method was used to provide direct evidence for the cooperativity of tRNA and ATP binding to GlnRS.
Interpreting WISC–III Interpretations

This concise volume contains a wealth of information on scoring and interpreting the WISC–III. There are chapters on gifted children, mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, language impairment, hearing impairment, minority and culturally diverse children, and also emotionally disturbed children. The text also addresses the use of the WISC–III with achievement tests, accurately recording and interpreting behavioral observations over the course of administering a WISC–III, and also the neuropsychological basis of intelligence and the WISC–III.
Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity: A Reconceptualization of African American Racial Identity:

Research on African American racial identity has utilized 2 distinct approaches. The mainstream approach has focused on universal properties associated with ethnic and racial identities. In contrast, the underground approach has focused on documenting the qualitative meaning of being African American, with an emphasis on the unique cultural and historical experiences of African Americans. The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI) represents a synthesis of the strengths of these two approaches. The underlying assumptions associated with the model are explored. The model proposes 4 dimensions of African American racial identity: salience, centrality, regard, and ideology. A description of these dimensions is provided along with a discussion of how they interact to influence behavior at the level of the event. We argue that the MMRI has the potential to make contributions to traditional research objectives of both approaches, as well as to provide the impetus to explore new questions.
Beryllium-10 dating of Mount Everest moraines indicates a strong monsoon influence and glacial synchroneity throughout the Himalaya

Moraine successions in glaciated valleys south of Mount Everest provide evidence for at least eight glacial advances during the late Quaternary. Cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) surface exposure dating of moraine boulders defines the timing of each glacial advance and refines the previous glacial chronologies. The CRN data show that glaciation was most extensive during the early part of the last glacial (marine oxygen isotype stage (MIS) 3 and earlier), but limited during MIS 2 (the global Last Glacial Maximum) and the Holocene. A previously assumed Neoglacial advance is dated to 3.6 6 0.3 ka and the CRN dates confirm a glacial advance ca. 1 ka. These results show that glaciations on the south side of Everest were not synchronous with the advance of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, yet glaciations within the Himalaya, the world's highest mountain belt, were synchronous during the late Quaternary. The existence of glacial advances during times of increased insolation suggests that enhanced moisture delivered by an active south Asian summer monsoon is largely responsible for glacial advances in this part of the Himalaya. These data allow us to quantify the importance of global climate change and monsoon influence on glaciation in the Himalaya.
The Secure Three-Tier Architecture Pattern

The three-tier architecture pattern and its variants have been around for a while and there are several discussions of their properties as well as several patterns. None of these discussions considers security. However, several real systems implement this approach including security. We revisit this pattern to explicitly separate and analyze its security aspects.
AUTOMATICALLY EXTRACTING AND REPRESENTING COLLOCATIONS FOR LANGUAGE GENERATION

Collocational knowledge is necessary for language generation. The problem is that collocations come in a large variety of forms. They can involve two, three or more words, these words can be of different syntactic categories and they can be involved in more or less rigid ways. This leads to two main difficulties: collocational knowledge has to be acquired and it must be represented flexibly so that it can be used for language generation. We address both problems in this paper, focusing on the acquisition problem. We describe a program, Xtract, that automatically acquires a range of collocations from large textual corpora and we describe how they can be represented in a flexible lexicon using a unification based formalism.
Functional Maintenance of Differentiated Embryoid Bodies in Microfluidic Systems: A Platform for Personalized Medicine

Hormone replacement therapies have become important for treating diseases such as premature ovarian failure or menopausal complications. The clinical use of bioidentical hormones might significantly reduce some of the potential risks reportedly associated with the use of synthetic hormones. In the present study, we demonstrate the utility and advantage of a microfluidic chip culture system to enhance the development of personalized, on-demand, treatment modules using embryoid bodies (EBs). Functional EBs cultured on microfluidic chips represent a platform for personalized, patient-specific treatment cassettes that can be cryopreserved until required for treatment. We assessed the viability, differentiation, and functionality of EBs cultured and cryopreserved in this system. During extended microfluidic culture, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and anti-mullerian hormone levels were measured, and the expression of differentiated steroidogenic cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry assay for the ovarian tissue markers anti-mullerian hormone receptor type II, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and inhibin β-A and the estrogen biosynthesis enzyme aromatase. Our studies showed that under microfluidic conditions, differentiated steroidogenic EBs continued to secrete estradiol and progesterone at physiologically relevant concentrations (30-120 pg/ml and 150-450 pg/ml, respectively) for up to 21 days. Collectively, we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using a microfluidic chip system with continuous flow for the differentiation and extended culture of functional steroidogenic stem cell-derived EBs, the differentiation of EBs into cells expressing ovarian antigens in a microfluidic system, and the ability to cryopreserve this system with restoration of growth and functionality on thawing. These results present a platform for the development of a new therapeutic system for personalized medicine.
Developmental psychopathology: recent advances and future challenges

The integrative field of developmental psychopathology is having a huge impact on our understanding of human health and behavior. In this paper, I use the example of children's early stress exposure to illustrate how developmental psychopathologists now tend to deemphasize diagnostic categories and, instead, emphasize the social and biological contexts, events and circumstances that have created opportunities for maladaptive responses and health problems in youth. This example shows that developmental psychopathology is increasing understanding of how children develop the abilities that allow them to cope effectively with challenges and what leads to failures in development of these abilities. Integrating research about the neurobiology of learning may prove to be a powerful future direction to understand how the environment regulates behavior. Learning processes become increasingly intricate and fine-tuned as relevant neuroanatomical systems develop, and as the range, complexity and amount of environmental information increases for the developing child. A focus on these processes allows psychopathologists to formulate questions about which neural mechanisms children use to process information, how these mechanisms are themselves shaped by social context, why adverse social environments confer risk for children, and, perhaps, what sorts of neutrally informed interventions might remediate the deficits in self-regulation that underlie common psychopathologies.
Electrical characteristics of a dc superconducting cable

Abstract A dc superconducting cable is ideal for transmitting large blocks of electrical power over a long distance. However, it must be designed to operate reliably within the constraints of the electrical system. Therefore, system analysis must be performed for each application. The conductor losses caused by the harmonics on the dc must be within the design goals; a system fault should not drive the cable normal with eventual damage to the cable and interruption of power flow; and, the dielectric system of the cable must be designed to be compatible with the expected transient voltages by proper insulation coordination. Transient overvoltages are of concern to electrical power systems; these are especially critical to cryogenic cables because of the susceptibility of the cryogenic enclosures to these transients. This paper discusses the electrical system constraints which are particularly applicable to a dc superconducting cable and shows how such a cable can be designed to be compatible with the electrical system. This paper also summarizes the work on low temperature dielectrics performed at Los Alamos. It shows the variation of break down voltage of dielectric materials, in sheet form and cable configuration, with temperature and pressure under dc and impulse voltage. The surface flashover characteristics with large creepage distance as well as electrical conductivity of dielectric materials at cryogenic temperatures are discussed. These studies are essential for the design of high voltage apparatus operating in cryogenic environments.
A Note on Sequential Estimation

SUMMARY Moran (1951) infers that for some stationary stochastic processes, problems of parameter estimation may be simplified by employing sequential estimation procedures. He considers for example, estimation of the birth rate in the (stationary) Furry-Yule process. The purpose of this note is to indicate that Moran's suggestion may be useful for non-stationary processes as well. In particular, we consider maximum likelihood estimation of the parameter of a non-homogeneous, pure birth process. CONSIDER the non-homogeneous, pure birth process {N(t), t> 0} with birth rate A.Q) = nAh(t) where h(t) is a known function and A> 0. We assume N(0) = 1 and wish to estimate A by the maximum likelihood method. The one-step transition probabilities are given by (see for example, Parzen, 1962): P{N(t) = n + 11 N(s) = n} = nPZt(l - Pg) where Ps! = exp [-{p(t)-p(s)}] and p(t) = A h(t')dt'. Also P{no births in (s, t +s) I N(s) = n}
Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of silicate-rich mine waste from a kyanite mine in central Virginia: implications for mine waste recycling

A kyanite mine in central Virginia produces a silicate-rich waste stream which accumulates at a rate of 450,000–600,000 tons per year. An estimated 27 million tons of this waste stream has accumulated over the past 60 years. Grain size distribution varies between 1.000 and 0.053 mm, and is commonly bimodal with modes typically being 0.425 and 0.250 mm and uniformity coefficients vary from 2.000 to 2.333. Hydraulic conductivity values vary from 0.017 to 0.047 cm/s. Mineralogy of the waste stream consists of quartz, muscovite, kyanite and hematite. Muscovite grains have distinct chemical compositions with significant Na2O content (1.12–2.66 wt%), TiO2 content (0.63–1.68 wt% TiO2) and Fe content, expressed as Fe2O3 (up to 1.37 wt%). Major element compositions of samples were dominated by SiO2 (87.894–90.997 wt%), Al2O3 (6.759–7.741 wt%), Fe2O3 (1.136–1.283 wt%), and K2O (0.369–0.606 wt%) with other components being <1.000 wt%. Elements of environmental concern (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, and Pb) were detected; however, the concentrations of all elements except Ni were below that of the kyanite quartzites in the region from which the waste is derived. Both major and trace element compositions indicate minimal variation in composition. The waste stream has potential for recycling. Muscovite is suitable for recycling as a paint pigment or other industrial applications. Muscovite and hematite are commonly intergrown and are interpreted to be material where much of the elements of environmental concern are concentrated. Reprocessing of the waste stream to separate muscovite from other components may enable the waste stream to be used as constructed wetland media for Virginia and nearby states. Recycling of this mine waste may have a positive impact on the local economy of Buckingham County and aid in mitigation of wetland loss.
Impact of hysterectomy on three-dimensional rectosigmoid morphology and endoscopy performance: a pilot study

Assess differences in three-dimensional colonic metrics on CTC in women with or without hysterectomy following incomplete endoscopy to determine if there is a correlation between colonic morphology and incomplete colonoscopy after hysterectomy. Quantitative rectosigmoid metrics were derived from CTC datasets of 37 women with hysterectomy and 36 women without hysterectomy who underwent CTC for incomplete endoscopy. Evaluated metrics included colonic length, volume, tortuosity, and compactness and sigmoid apex height relative to the lumbosacral junction. Differences were measured using the Student’s t test, and intra-reader reliability was assessed using ICC. The relative risk of incomplete rectosigmoid visualization was determined by reviewing the endoscopy reports. Women with hysterectomy had a lower sigmoid apex height (p = 0.002), as well as increased tortuosity (p = 0.012) and compactness (p = 0.001) and decreased length (p = 0.026) and volume (p = 0.016) of the rectosigmoid. Intra-reader reliability was high for centerline length (ICC = 0.9940) and sigmoid apex height (ICC = 0.9851). The relative risk of incomplete visualization of the rectosigmoid on endoscopy in women with hysterectomy was 2.068 (p = 0.043) compared to women without hysterectomy. Our pilot data show reproducible quantitative differences in three-dimensional metrics of the rectosigmoid in women with or without hysterectomy who underwent CTC for incomplete endoscopy and increased relative risk of incomplete endoscopic visualization of the rectosigmoid after hysterectomy. Our findings suggest that women with hysterectomy may benefit from CTC rather than endoscopy as the initial diagnostic test for evaluating the colon.
Shoah: An Analysis of Lanzmann's Memorialization of the Holocaust

The Shoah took Lanzmann approximately eleven years to complete; and when it was released in 1985, the events addressed in the film was more than forty-two years old, and the interviewees had to grapple with the task of recalling both deeply suppressed and readily retrievable memory formed some thirty-two years earlier. The Jews are the only victims in the film, and as victims of the Holocaust they are asked by Lanzmann to recount their respective experiences. But, if, as Lanzmann insists, that “a film on the Holocaust has to set out from the principle of the rejection of memory,” then he has failed on this very important account if only for the simple reason that the entire film was based on memory-recall, and refreshed memory. Having rebuffed archival footage, the film relied on the re-collective powers of Holocaust survivors, ex-Nazis, and Polish eyewitnesses. That the film is unique stems from this very fact – that it departs remarkably from the traditional approach of the genre of documentary films. That the majority of the audiences in 1985 found it refreshingly different speaks to the film’s testimonial format as the sole means of witnessing or accounting for the Holocaust experience. But whether Lanzmann succeeded in his goal to make the Holocaust “present,” and not memorialized, is an entirely different matter.
Acephate as a Potential Management Tool of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Snap Bean

Laboratory bioassays with the com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were used to determine persistence and movement of foliarly applied acephate in snap beans. Acephate was applied to snap bean foliage at five different vegetative stages (V-1 to V-5) and three reproductive stages (R-1 to R-3). At the recommended field rate of 1.2 kg (AI)/ha, acephate did not translocate to the blooms or pods in concentrations high enough to provide acceptable com earworm suppression regardless of plant growth stage at application. Increase in acephate rate to two times or four times the recommended field rate failed to increase H. zea mortality. Leaf-disk bioassays indicated that acephate persistence in foliage was long. Under greenhouse conditions H. zea mortality was 72.9% at 14 d. Field studies indicated that single acephate applications, regardless of application timing, were not as effective as the standard compounds used for H. zea suppression. Persistence on foliage, however, may provide acceptable suppression of other insect pests of snap bean.
Investigation of a Canadian Ilmenite as an Oxygen Carrier for Chemical Looping Combustion

The use of chemical looping combustion (CLC) for power generation is an advanced energy technology that can capture CO2 inherently, which could prove to be the next electricity generation technology in a carbon-constrained future. For commercial-scale application of the CLC process, the availability of cost-effective oxygen carriers (OCs) with stable performance is imperative. Given the composition of ilmenite, there may be potential for its application as a cost-effective alternative OC for CLC. In this study, the performance of a Canadian ilmenite was investigated and showed promising results. Complete reduction of ilmenite takes a relatively long time; therefore, it is not practical for ilmenite to reach its maximum oxygen transport capacity by counter-balance of capital investment in the fuel reactor. Reduction in the first 30 min was selected as the effective reaction for the application of CLC, which gave an oxygen transport capacity of about 5.52%. To understand the phase and Fe valence state (Fe3+...
A New High-Pressure Viscometer for Oil/Refrigerant Solutions and Preliminary Results

ABSTRACTThe reliability and efficiency of refrigeration compressors is dependent on the lubricating effectiveness of the refrigeration oil, which is necessarily a solution of oil and refrigerant. In this article, the development of a high-pressure viscometer that can operate at elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) inlet pressures for oil/refrigerant solutions is explained in detail. New viscosity measurements are presented for two compressor oils to 1.2 GPa. Preliminary results are given for a polyol ester with two concentrations of R134a refrigerant to 0.35 GPa. These are the first measurements of oil/refrigerant solutions to such high pressure. Temperature–pressure–viscosity correlations are applied to all materials for use in modeling. Correlations are provided for the temperature and pressure dependencies of the viscosity of the oils, refrigerant, and mixtures. The definition of pressure–viscosity coefficient is a pressing problem for elastohydrodynamics.
A Study on Chongqing's County Comprehensive Competitiveness

This paper establishes a evaluation indexes system of county comprehensive competitiveness, applies factor analysis to make empirical study on Chongqing’ s county comprehensive competitiveness, then makes cluster. The results show that the comprehensive competitiveness of each county of Chongqing is divided into three levels. The strongest is main urban areas, the second is center areas, and the competitiveness of remote areas is weakest. According to the location features, each county is mainly divided into two categories. Therefore, This paper puts forward that Chongqing should continue to give priority to the development of the central areas, and promote the development of remote areas.
Outcomes of tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon more than three months after rupture.

Outcomes of tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon more than three months after rupture
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are associated with defects in adaptive immunity in patients with inflammatory breast cancer

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in tumor dissemination and are prognostic in primary and metastatic breast cancer. Peripheral blood (PB) immune cells contribute to an unfavorable microenvironment for CTC survival. This study aimed to correlate CTCs with the PB T-cell immunophenotypes and functions of patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Methods: This study included 65 IBC patients treated at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. PB was obtained from patients prior to starting a new line of chemotherapy for CTCs enumeration by CellSearch®, and T cell phenotype and function by flow cytometry; the results were correlated with CTCs and clinical outcome. Results: At least 1 CTC (≥1) or ≥5 CTCs was detected in 61.5% or 32.3% of patients, respectively. CTC count did not correlate with total lymphocytes; however, patients with ≥1 CTC or ≥5 CTCs had lower percentages (%) of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells compared with patients with no CTCs or <5 CTCs, respectively. Patients with ≥1 CTC had a lower percentage of T-cell receptor (TCR)-activated CD8+ T cells synthesizing TNF-α and IFN-γ and a higher percentage of T-regulatory lymphocytes compared to patients without CTCs. In multivariate analysis, tumor grade and % CD3+ T-cells were associated with ≥1 CTC, whereas ≥5 CTC was associated with tumor grade, stage, % CD3+ and % CD4+ T cells, and % TCR-activated CD8 T-cells synthesizing IL-17. Conclusions: IBC patients with CTCs in PB had abnormalities in adaptive immunity that could potentially impact tumor cell dissemination and initiation of the metastatic cascade.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery as Part of Multimodality Craniopharyngioma Management

Radiation plays an important role in the multimodal approach to the treatment of craniopharyngiomas, especially stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Gamma Knife radiosurgery, by far the predominant form of SRS utilized in the treatment of craniopharyngiomas, has been shown to achieve good tumor control rates with low morbidity. Intracavitary irradiation with beta-emitting radionuclides is another treatment option that can be used to address the cystic component of tumors. Administered under stereotactic guidance, it is well tolerated, and can be used in combination with SRS. Multimodal craniopharyngioma management can be complex, but the availability of various radiation-based options is especially valuable as an adjunctive therapy to surgery, either after subtotal resection or at the time of tumor recurrence/progression, or in selected cases, as the primary approach.
The Role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a major role in cancer proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy. In particular, our understanding of the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathogenesis of leukemia and lymphoma has led to the development and approval of several targeted agents. This chapter summarizes the role that this pathway plays in each of the hematological malignancies and the agents that are both approved and in development and that target it.
Production of Clean Energy from Cyanobacterial Biochemical Products

ABSTRACTIn this article, an improved technology to produce hydrogen biologically will be discussed as a source of clean energy. The photochemical reaction among photons, ultraviolet (UV) light, and cyano-bacterial biomaterials in photobioreactors offer a unique methodology for producing hydrogen energy. A photobioreactor is a bioreactor that utilizes a light source to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms. Using this technology, hydrogen production is significantly higher than any other technology that has ever been used. This hydrogen evolution is a product of the ultimate reaction of agitated photon electrons into the cyanobacterial biomolecules, where hydrogenase enzymes function as an active catalyst. The evolved hydrogen is then clarified using an electronic semiconductor-based sensor gas chromatograph with the efficiency recorded using a computerized data acquisition (DAQ) system. The results confirmed that this larger amount of hydrogen formation could be an interesting source of clean energy produ...
The Suf Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthetic System Is Essential in Staphylococcus aureus, and Decreased Suf Function Results in Global Metabolic Defects and Reduced Survival in Human Neutrophils

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus remains a causative agent for morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is in part a result of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need to uncover novel antibiotic targets and to discover new therapeutic agents. In the present study, we explored the possibility that iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster synthesis is a viable antimicrobial target. RNA interference studies established that Suf (sulfur mobilization)-dependent Fe-S cluster synthesis is essential in S. aureus. We found that sufCDSUB were cotranscribed and that suf transcription was positively influenced by sigma factor B. We characterized an S. aureus strain that contained a transposon inserted in the intergenic space between sufC and sufD (sufD*), resulting in decreased transcription of sufSUB. Consistent with the transcriptional data, the sufD* strain had multiple phenotypes associated with impaired Fe-S protein maturation. They included decreased activities of Fe-S cluster-dependent enzymes, decreased growth in media lacking metabolites that require Fe-S proteins for synthesis, and decreased flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Decreased Fe-S cluster synthesis resulted in sensitivity to reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, as well as increased DNA damage and impaired DNA repair. The sufD* strain also exhibited perturbed intracellular nonchelated Fe pools. Importantly, the sufD* strain did not exhibit altered exoprotein production or altered biofilm formation, but it was attenuated for survival upon challenge by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that Fe-S cluster synthesis is a viable target for antimicrobial development.
Attenuation and Nonlinear Effects in Waveguides

An optical signal will be degraded by attenuation and dispersion as it propagates through a material. Dispersion can sometimes be compensated or eliminated through clever design, but attenuation simply leads to a loss of signal. Eventually the energy in the signal becomes so weak that it cannot be distinguished with sufficient reliability from the noise always present in the system. Attenuation therefore determines the maximum distance that optical links can be operated without amplification. Attenuation arises from several different physical effects. In an optical waveguide, one must consider i) intrinsic material absorptions, ii) absorptions due to impurities, iii) Rayleigh scattering, iv) surface scattering, v) bending and waveguide scattering losses, and vi) microbending loss. In terms of priority, intrinsic material absorption and Rayleigh scattering are the most serious cause of power loss for long distance optical fiber systems. Surface scattering dominates integrated waveguide losses. Impurity absorption has become less of a problem as improved material processing techniques have been developed over the years. In this chapter, we will establish the fundamental limits of attenuation, and provide a basic understanding of the attenuation processes that can be applied directly to materials such as glass or semiconductor.