cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview and Staging of Renal Neoplasms

In 2010, the ISUP drafted the most current classification of renal neoplasm. Among the major additions to the prior 2004 WHO classification are the recognition of tubulocystic RCC, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, clear cell (tubulo) papillary RCC, MiT family translocation RCC, and hereditary leiomyomatosis RCC syndrome-associated RCC as distinct subtypes of RCC. Innovations were made to several traditional tumor types, and some emerging tumor entities are provisionally acknowledged. The 2010 ISUP classification forms the basis for the 2016 WHO classification of renal tumors. Stage is vital to the therapeutic decisions and prognostication of renal cancer. Over the years, the UICC/AJCC TNM staging system underwent several modifications intended to enhance its components into more robust prognostic categories. The latest TNM stage for renal cancer published in 2010 included several revisions such as subdivision of T2 into T2a and T2b, designation of renal vein involvement under T3a, upstage of contiguous ipsilateral adrenal gland invasion to T4, and simplification of nodal involvement into N0 and N1. In order to align with the updates and to resolve some issues in pathological staging of nephrectomies, the ISUP conducted a consensus conference regarding handling and staging of renal cancer. Several validation studies demonstrated the prognostic ability of the new 2010 TNM system; however, its advantages from the 2002 TNM system are only modest at best. The new revision brought about an increase in T3a renal cancers, and potentially this group of tumors is prognostically heterogeneous. It is suggested that among T3a renal cancers, tumors with sinus invasion are more aggressive than tumors with perinephric fat invasion. So far, studies regarding the prognostic relevance of T2 subdivision are conflicting, although some are showing a statistical difference. The tumor stage division of renal vein/vena caval involvement (T3a–T3c) has been confirmed in a multi-institutional study.
Clinical pharmacists' impact on prescribing in an acute adult psychiatric facility

An analysis is presented of data collected to evaluate the impact of a clinical pharmacy service on an acute psychiatric admitting unit. Retrospective longitudinal drug utilization reviews (RLDUR) were performed one year apart (pre- and post-implementation of services) on the same treatment team. Process measures significantly affected include (percent reduction): total drugs/patient (33.9), number of antipsychotic drugs/patient (38.0), number of anticholinergics started on admission/patient (53.2), and number of doses/patient/d (42.4). Other drug-use parameters significantly affected include: a 42-percent increase in the mean dosage expressed as chlorpromazine equivalents, and a 47-percent reduction in the number of patients on low potency antipsychotic medications. Beneficial outcome was reflected by a faster rate of discharge or transfer to a less restrictive ward environment in the pharmacy study population. The study population also demonstrated a 55.8-percent decrease in their readmission rate to the facility over a one-year follow-up period. Clinical pharmacy services positively affect both process and outcome health care measures.
Analysis and Design of International Trade Procedures: UML to DPN

The analysis of international trade procedures has long been regarded as an important aspect of trade facilitation. For the past decade or so, efforts have been made to utilize formal notations for this analysis, to help highlight points of congestion and redundancy. Recent innovations in e-commerce technologies suggest that an additional step may be possible: generic, electronic trade procedures that can be easily downloaded and installed by a wide variety of small to medium sized trading parties. This would make safe, trustworthy global commerce widely available to any company with a minimum investment of office computers and network access. This paper has addresses an important technical step in this process: the compatibility between UML, a popular analysis notation for trade procedures, and DPN's a design representation that allows for the automatic computerization of the trade procedure. This convertability among representations, allowing a smooth development methodology, illustrated and supported in the design and prototyping tool, InterProcs, which is also briefly described.
Cognitive state prediction using an EM algorithm applied to Gamma distributed data

Behavioral tests are widely used to quantify features of cognitive processing. For a large class of behavioral signals, the observed variables are non-Gaussian and dynamic; classical estimation algorithms are ill-suited to modeling such data. In this research, we propose a mathematical framework to predict a cognitive state variable related to behavioral signals, which are best modeled using a Gamma distribution. The proposed algorithm combines a Gamma Smoother and EM algorithm in the prediction process. The algorithm is applied to reaction time recorded from subjects performing a Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) to dynamically quantify their cognitive flexibility through the course of the experiment.
Costly rejection of wrongdoers by infants and children

How unappealing are individuals who behave badly towards others? We show here that children and even infants, although motivated by material rewards, are nonetheless willing to incur costs to avoid "doing business" with a wrongdoer. When given the choice to accept a smaller offering from a do-gooder or a larger offering from a wrongdoer, children and infants chose to accept the smaller offering. It was only when the difference between the offerings was very large that their aversion to the wrongdoer was overcome by personal incentives. These findings show that a willingness to forgo self-interests when faced with wrongdoers is a fundamental aspect of human nature.
Review of Recent U.S. Human Space Exploration Plans Beyond Low Earth Orbit

In the wake of the Space Shuttle Columbia accident, NASA began to formulate post-shuttle human space exploration plans. A decade later, NASA is no closer to sending humans beyond low Earth orbit. During that time, NASA had adopted two major visions for the future of human space exploration: the 2004 Vision for Space Exploration, and the 2010 National Space Policy of the United States of America. Both of these visions led to studies intended to guide NASA’s path to far-reaching exploration destinations. However, the architectures developed in these studies failed to align with their corresponding visions. As a result of this rift and the steady budget decline over the past 20 years, NASA has neither met milestones outlined in the architecture, nor realized the visions that would return the United States to the forefront of human space exploration. This paper reviewed NASA’s space exploration plans beyond low Earth orbit, and identify the discontinuity between the exploration visions and the resulting architectures and programs. NASA’s current exploration planning process, from vision to program, has exhibited a cyclical pattern that hinders tangible progress to sending humans back beyond low Earth orbit. Additionally unrealistic fiscal assumption have contributed to inability to meet programmatic goals. For NASA to break the cycle and enable our astronauts to boldly go where no one has gone before, fundamental changes to the status quo are essential.
Biopsy bag artifact.

We describe a distinctive tissue artifact that results from the use of biopsy bags for processing small impressionable pieces of tissue. In its fully developed form, the artifact produces a tic-tac-toe pattern, while in less pronounced cases it may produce elongated oval spaces in the tissue or a serrated contour at the periphery of the tissue. The artifact was observed in 60% of endometrial specimens, 55% of endocervical curettings, and sporadically in other small specimens. In the endometrial and endocervical specimens, the artifact was focal and did not interfere with the diagnosis. In occasional small lung and prostate specimens, there was focally significant distortion that potentially could compromise the diagnosis.
Photoinduced electron transfer across a molecular wall: coumarin dyes as donors and methyl viologen and TiO2 as acceptors.

Coumarins C-153, C-480, and C-1 formed 1:2 (guest:host) complexes with a water-soluble cavitand having eight carboxylic acid groups (OA) in aqueous borate buffer solution. The complexes were photoexcited in the presence of electron acceptors (methyl viologen, MV2+, or TiO2) to probe the possibility of electron transfer between a donor and an acceptor physically separated by a molecular wall. In solution at basic pH, the dication MV2+ was associated to the exterior of the complex C-153@OA2, as suggested by diffusion constants (∼1.2 × 10–6 cm2/s) determined by DOSY NMR. The fluorescence of C-153@OA2 was quenched in the presence of increasing amounts of MV2+ and Stern–Volmer plots of Io/I and τo/τ vs [MV2+] indicated that the quenching was static. As per FT-IR-ATR spectra, the capsule C-153@OA2 was bound to TiO2 nanoparticle films. Selective excitation (λexc = 420) of the above bound complex resulted in fluorescence quenching. When adsorbed on insulating ZrO2 nanoparticle films, excitation of the complex res...
Acute Cerebellitis and Hydrocephalus

Two children, a girl aged 5 years and a boy aged 11 years, with acute cerebellitis, tonsillar herniation and hydrocephalus are reported from Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Tel Aviv.
Monitoring and comparison of terrestrial water storage changes in the northern high plains using GRACE and in-situ based integrated hydrologic model estimates

Abstract Enhanced measurement of the variation of the terrestrial water cycle are imperative to better understand the dynamics, water availability, and evaluate impacts of global changes on the water cycle. This study quantified storage in the various terrestrial water compartments using an integrated hydrologic model (IHM) – MIKE SHE that simulates the entire terrestrial water cycle and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data in the intensively irrigated Northern High Plains (area ∼ 250,000 km 2 ). The IHM, mainly constructed using in-situ data, was evaluated using field measured groundwater level, stream flow, and soil moisture data. The model was first used to calculate the incremental water storage for each water balance component (e.g. storage in the saturated zone) and then the GRACE equivalent terrestrial water storage anomaly. In the study area, storage in the saturated zone is the major component of the terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly. The GRACE-derived TWS anomaly and the anomaly simulated from the model are generally in agreement on a monthly scale with few discrepancies. Generally, both GRACE and the IHM results displayed a statistically significant increasing trend in the total TWS and groundwater storage anomalies from 2002–2013 over the Northern High Plains. This study demonstrates the applicability of an integrated hydrologic model to monitor TWS variations in a large area, and GRACE data and IHMs are capable of reproducing observed trends in TWS.
Vaccination coverage survey among local children in Beijing

Objective To clarify the vaccination status of Expanded Programe on Immunization among local children in Beijing.Methods According to a cluster survey,30-42 streets(villages) per district were randomly selected and 7 local children aged 1-3 years were enrolled randomly from each street(village),which made up to a total of 3900 study subjects whose data on routine immunization and booster of DPT and MV were available for investigation.The survey coverage among districts was compared by confidence interval.Results All local children surveyed had their own immunization cards and 99.97% children also had their immunization certificates,and card-certificate matching rate was 99.74%.The coverage of primary doses for BCG,OPV,DPTa,MV,HepB,Rubella,Mumps,MPV,JEV,HepA and the coverage of booster doses for DPTa and MV were 100.00%,99.87%,98.87%,99.62%,99.95%,99.71%,99.53%,99.43%,99.82%,97.94%,99.18% and 98.59% respectively.The qualified coverage rate of primary doses for 5 vaccines(BCG,HepB,OPV,DPTa,MV) was 99.33%.The timely coverage rates of primary doses for BCG OPV,DPTa,MV was 96.59%,97.28%,96.08% and 96.72% respectively.The timely coverage rate for 4vaccines(BCG,OPV,DPTa,MV) was 90.46% and the timely coverage of first dose for HepB was 97.33%.The qualified coverage rate of booster dose for MV in Mentougou and Yanqing,and of primary dose for HepA in Fengtai and Haidian as well as at least one of timely coverage rates of primary doses in Dongcheng(North),Xicheng(South),Fengtai,Shijingshan and Miyun districts were all lower than the average of the city.The main reasons for unqualified vaccination were being delayed,advanced or missed primary dose for HepA and advanced or delayed basic immunization for MPV.Children missed the scheduled vaccination usually because nobody at home took care of them.Conclusions The coverage rate of the Expanded Program of Immunization among local children in Beijing is in a high level.The reported coverage data is true and reliable.However the qualified coverage still needs to be increased in some districts and parents should pay more attention on the immunization schedule for children over 6 months in the program.
Interobserver variability in subclassification of squamous intraepithelial lesions: Results of the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology.

○ Objective.-To determine whether, on a national cytology proficiency test, a competent cytologist can consistently distinguish grades of squamous intraepithelial lesions. Design.-Results for low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion referenced slides from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology for 1996 and 1997 were analyzed including educational, nongraded vs graded validated slides. Results.-The discrepant rate between low- and high-grade lesions ranged from 9.8% to 15% for cytotechnologist, pathologist, laboratory, and all responses. There was a statistically significant difference in performance on graded, validated slides vs educational slides with better performance on validated slides. Conclusion.-This significant interobserver variability in subclassification of squamous lesions should be considered in management guidelines for abnormal Papanicolaou test results and implementation of national cytology proficiency testing.
DEA Applications to Major League Baseball: Evaluating Manager and Team Efficiencies

This chapter provides a brief review of previous applications of data envelopment analysis to the professional baseball industry followed by two detailed applications to Major League Baseball. The first application presents a DEA model which evaluates the efficiency of Major League Baseball managers. This application calculates the output oriented technical efficiencies and super efficiencies for managers from 1986 to 2011. The model assumes that managers are given a certain set of players and evaluates how well they turn those players into wins. A second DEA model is used to evaluate the allocation of resources within a team and identify opportunities for improvement. This model assumes that teams are constrained by their total player budget and evaluates how well the team produces both wins and playoff wins given that budget. A ranking of franchises based on their efficiency from 1986 to 2011 is presented. A method for evaluating the allocation of resources within a specific team during a specific season is also described. Taken together these two applications should provide the reader with a basic understanding of the DEA methodology and how it can be applied to the professional baseball industry.
Estimation of flood quantiles at gauged and ungauged sites of the four major rivers of Punjab, Pakistan

The paper illustrates the results of regional flood frequency analysis of eleven sites of the four major rivers of Punjab, Pakistan. The discordancy measure (D i ) shows that none of the site, in the cluster of eleven sites, is discordant. Timing of the flood occurrences has been used, initially, for the formation of homogeneous region, but the heterogeneity measure (H) has shown a small amount of heterogeneity. To reduce the amount of heterogeneity, a subjective adjustment has been made considering the fact that a couple of site is located at the confluence of rivers. As a result, two homogeneous regions have been identified, i.e., Region 1 having nine sites and Region 2 containing couple of site located at the confluence of the rivers. In order to find out suitable candidate(s) for regional distribution L-moment ration diagram, average weighted distance and Z DIST statistics have been used. To obtain the flood quantiles at ungauged sites, multiple linear regression relationship has been developed, between mean of annual maximum peak flows (AMPF) at gauged sites (l 1) and best subset of site characteristics, i.e., average rainfall during monsoon and catchment area of the rivers to which the sites belong. A cross-validation with the observed AMPF from 2010 to 2014 and historical data (the highest of the AMPF attained so far at various sites of Region 1) showed that the estimates based on this model/procedure are accurate and useful, especially for the longer return periods.
Parental family history of dementia in relation to subclinical brain disease and dementia risk

Objective: To determine the association of parental family history with risk of dementia by age at onset and sex of affected parent in a population-based cohort. Methods: From 2000 to 2002, we assessed parental history of dementia in participants without dementia of the Rotterdam Study. We investigated associations of parental history with risk of dementia until 2015, adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and known genetic risk variants. Furthermore, we determined the association between parental history and markers of neurodegeneration and vascular disease on MRI. Results: Of 2,087 participants (mean age 64 years, 55% female), 407 (19.6%) reported a history of dementia in either parent (mean age at diagnosis 79 years). During a mean follow-up of 12.2 years, 142 participants developed dementia. Parental history was associated with risk of dementia independently of known genetic risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.48), in particular when parents were diagnosed at younger age ( r = 0.57, p = 0.001) but not thereafter ( r = 0.17, p = 0.55). Among 1,161 participants without dementia with brain MRI, parental history was related to lower cerebral perfusion and higher burden of white matter lesions and microbleeds. Dementia risk and MRI markers were similar for paternal and maternal history. Conclusions: Parental history of dementia increases risk of dementia, primarily when age at parental diagnosis is
Communication Preferences of Business-to-Business Buyers for Receiving Initial Sales Messages: A Comparison of Media Channel Selection Theories:

Recent research on media channel selection theories has called for studies exploring communication in interorganizational business relationships and for specific work functions. The present study a...
The recovery response to a novel unannounced laboratory-induced slip: The “first trial effect” in older adults

Abstract Background After a single slip, older adults rapidly make adaptive changes to avoid or eliminate further backward loss of balance or a fall. This rapid adaptation has been termed the “single trial effect”. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the motor errors subjects experienced upon a novel slip and the selection and execution of corrective response by which they modified their ongoing gait pattern and turned it into a protective step. Methods A forward slip was induced in the laboratory among 145 community-living older (≥ 65 year old) adults who were protected by an overhead full body harness system. An eight-camera motion analysis system recorded subjects' kinematics, which was used to compute their instability (motor error), recovery step placement (response selection), and stability gain (motor correction). Findings A linear relationship was found between the stability errors at recovery foot liftoff and the distance between the recovery foot and slipping foot at the time of its touchdown, reflecting an appropriate selection of response that was proportionate to the motor error. A linear relationship was also found between this step modification and resulting stability gain, indicating that greater step modification resulted in greater stability gain. This learning behavior was surprisingly consistent regardless whether the outcome was a recovery or a fall. Interpretations These results suggest that fallers and non-fallers all have an intact motor learning foundation that has enabled them to rapidly improve their stability in subsequent exposures.
Integrated asymmetric stop operator based model for strain stress hysteresis characteristics of cable driven robots loaded longitudinally

Beside the output-input hysteresis, the longitudinally loaded cables of medical robotics such as RAVEN II exhibit asymmetric saturated strain-load hysteresis loops. This study investigates modeling the hysteresis nonlinearities of these cables using a stop-operator based Prandtl-Ishlinskii (SPI) model that is integrated with a memoryless function. The stop-operator based model is employed to account for the hysteresis nonlinearities, while the memoryless function is introduced to characterize saturation and asymmetric effects. A numerical example is presented to compare the properties of the proposed model with the classic SPI model. The response of the suggested model was evaluated on the hysteresis properties of two different cables subjected to triangular harmonic input of 0 to 0.001 with 6.25 × 10−-5 strain/s. The characterization error of the thick cable was found as 1.55 %, while the error was calculated as 1.25 % for the thin cable. The relative significance of the proposed model was further examined by comparing the measured data with the classic SPI model. The results showed that the classic model yields substantial characterization errors when the asymmetry and saturation effects of the strain-load hysteresis loops are ignored.
Attenuated cocaine-seeking after oxytocin administration in male and female rats.

Initial drug abstinence (modeled here as Extinction Day 1, ED1) is a critical time point in the progression of addiction that is strongly influenced by stress and sex. ED1 induces corticosterone release in both sexes, and cocaine-seeking during ED1 can be mitigated by corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonists more effectively in female rats. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide that has several biological functions, including regulation of stress pathways. To investigate a relationship between OXT, sex, and cocaine-seeking, we examined Fos on ED1 in OXT neurons of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) compared to homecage (cocaine experienced) or naive male and female rats. We also administered OXT 30 min prior to ED1 testing or cued reinstatement testing. OXT neurons had decreased activity (as reflected by Fos protein) in PVN and SON on withdrawal day 1 (homecage) compared to naive rats. Fos in OXT neurons was further decreased on ED1, compared to homecage controls, in both males and females even though in SON, cocaine exposure increased the number of OXT-expressing neurons. In addition, systemically administered OXT reduced cocaine-seeking during ED1 and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking but delayed extinction, similarly among male and female rats. These data indicate that OXT neurons in PVN and SON may be involved in cocaine-seeking during ED1 and support OXT as a possible therapeutic to decrease cocaine-seeking during initial abstinence and in response to cocaine-associated cues.
Stability of Fumonisins in Thermally Processed Corn Products

Little is known about the stability of fumonisins in corn-based foods during heating. This study investigated the effects of canning, baking, and roasting (dry heating) processes on the stability of fumonisins in artificially contaminated and naturally contaminated corn-based foods. All samples were analyzed for fumonisin levels by both a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Canned whole-kernel corn showed a significant (P < or = 0.05) decrease in fumonisins by both ELISA (15%) and HPLC (11%) analyses. Canned cream-style corn and baked corn bread showed significant (P < or = 0.05) decreases in fumonisin levels at an average rate of 9% and 48%, respectively, as analyzed by ELISA. Corn-muffin mix artificially contaminated with 5 micrograms of fumonisin B1 (FB1) per g and naturally contaminated corn-muffin mix showed no significant (P < or = 0.05) losses of fumonisins upon baking. Roasting cornmeal samples artificially contaminated with 5 micrograms of FB1 per g and naturally contaminated cornmeal samples at 218 degrees C for 15 min resulted in almost complete loss of fumonisins.
High Voltage Outdoor Insulation Technology

SUMMARY A review of high voltage insulation technology used for outdoor power transmission and distribution is presented. Emphasis is placed on the state-of-the art polymer materials which are finding increasing use in today's highly competitive and advanced power industry. The chapter begins with a review of the problems with porcelain and glass which have been used for many decades for outdoor insulation applications, such as, insulators, cable terminations and surge arresters. It then addresses how polymers has alleviated some of the problems, while creating a few of their own. The typical constructional features of polymer insulating devices are presented. Next, the service experience of utilities, both worldwide and within the USA, with polymeric insulators is presented. Their performance in outdoor test stations, which is valuable for advancing the technology, is discussed. Laboratory tests which are required to obtain a better understanding of the service performance in a relatively short time, are reviewed. Popularly used accelerated tests, their advantages and shortcomings, and factors that must be considered in the development of a meaningful laboratory test which bears relevance to service experience are illustrated. Polymers, being organic, age with time in service and it is extremely important to understand the mechanisms that are responsible for aging. This will enable in the estimation of the useful life and in the development of better materials. The current research efforts and significant findings have been reviewed. Topics which need further research are proposed.
Faster online learning of optimal threshold for consistent F-measure optimization

In this paper, we consider online F-measure optimization (OFO). Unlike traditional performance metrics (e.g., classification error rate), F-measure is non-decomposable over training examples and is a non-convex function of model parameters, making it much more difficult to be optimized in an online fashion. Most existing results of OFO usually suffer from high memory/computational costs and/or lack statistical consistency guarantee for optimizing F-measure at the population level. To advance OFO, we propose an efficient online algorithm based on simultaneously learning a posterior probability of class and learning an optimal threshold by minimizing a stochastic strongly convex function with unknown strong convexity parameter. A key component of the proposed method is a novel stochastic algorithm with low memory and computational costs, which can enjoy a convergence rate of O(1/√n) for learning the optimal threshold under a mild condition on the convergence of the posterior probability, where n is the number of processed examples. It is provably faster than its predecessor based on a heuristic for updating the threshold. The experiments verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison with state-of-the-art OFO algorithms.
Effects of dementia knowledge and dementia fear on comfort with people having dementia: Implications for dementia-friendly communities.

Background and objectivesAdvocates for dementia-friendly communities emphasize the need for the public to know about the dementias and to experience social comfort with people having dementia. This...
Circulation in the Coastal Ocean, Part 1

Although the typical depth of oceanic basins is 5 km, a significant fraction of the earth's surface is covered by a much shallower sheet of water (only about 100 m in depth). In addition to many small lakes and lagoons, this includes extensive areas, with horizontal dimensions of 100 km and more, such as the Great Lakes, continental shelves, or large gulfs such as the Gulf of Maine or the North Sea. These relatively large bodies of water behave dynamically in an ‘oceanic’ manner, in the sense that motions in them are strongly affected by the earth's rotation. They will be taken to constitute the ‘coastal ocean,’ a term that covers enclosed and semienclosed basins, as well as open seas such as the broad and flat continental shelves of the ‘Atlantic’ type or the narrow and steep shelves of the ‘Pacific’ type.
Health Care Disparities: a Practical Approach to Teach Residents about Self-Bias and Patient Communication

Studies have shown that the education of resident physicians on health care disparities (HCDs) needs improvement. We implemented a system-wide program on HCD for residents and evaluated outcomes across 1 year. Designed in 2015 by a multidisciplinary team, the HCD program incorporated information about our health system’s patient population and the tenets of unconscious bias. We used the ask-tell-ask model of communication to teach trainees how to identify patients’ barriers to health care. In 2016, resident participants in the HCD program were asked to complete a modified version of the Bonham and Sellers RACE survey, which measures consideration of race in clinical care, at four time-points (pre-, post-, 3-months post-, and 1-year post-intervention). Of 186 PGY2 residents who completed the HCD program, 108 (58%) completed all 4 surveys across 1 year. The modified Bonham and Sellers RACE survey yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.885 and communality for the six questions ranging from 0.543 to 0.727. Using the modified RACE survey, resident respondents showed overall significantly increased consideration of race in clinical care from pre- to post-intervention time-points (p < 0.001). This study of our program on health care disparities showed that resident survey respondents increased self-reported consideration of race in clinical care after the intervention across 1 year.
Metabolic Disturbances of a High-Fat Diet Are Dependent on APOE Genotype and Sex

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Obesity is a major environmental risk factor for AD. While APOE genotype and obesity independently affect metabolism and cognition, they may also have synergistic effects. Here, we examined the metabolic and behavioral alterations associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) in male and female APOE knock-in mice. Male and female mice were fed a 45% kcal HFD or a 10% kcal low-fat diet (LFD) for 12 weeks and adipose tissue accumulation, glucose levels, anxiety-like behavior, and spatial memory were examined. We found that with HFD, male APOE4 mice were more susceptible to metabolic disturbances, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and glucose intolerance when compared to APOE3 mice, while female APOE3 and APOE4 mice had similar metabolic responses. Behaviorally, there were no effects of HFD in mice of either genotype. Our results suggest that metabolic responses to HFD are dependent on both sex and APOE genotype.
Hemodynamic regulation of perivalvular endothelial gene expression prevents deep venous thrombosis

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and secondary pulmonary embolism cause approximately 100,000 deaths per year in the United States. Physical immobility is the most significant risk factor for DVT, but a molecular and cellular basis for this link has not been defined. We found that the endothelial cells surrounding the venous valve, where DVTs originate, express high levels of FOXC2 and PROX1, transcription factors known to be activated by oscillatory shear stress. The perivalvular venous endothelial cells exhibited a powerful antithrombotic phenotype characterized by low levels of the prothrombotic proteins vWF, P-selectin, and ICAM1 and high levels of the antithrombotic proteins thrombomodulin (THBD), endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). The perivalvular antithrombotic phenotype was lost following genetic deletion of FOXC2 or femoral artery ligation to reduce venous flow in mice, and at the site of origin of human DVT associated with fatal pulmonary embolism. Oscillatory blood flow was detected at perivalvular sites in human veins following muscular activity, but not in the immobile state or after activation of an intermittent compression device designed to prevent DVT. These findings support a mechanism of DVT pathogenesis in which loss of muscular activity results in loss of oscillatory shear-dependent transcriptional and antithrombotic phenotypes in perivalvular venous endothelial cells, and suggest that prevention of DVT and pulmonary embolism may be improved by mechanical devices specifically designed to restore perivalvular oscillatory flow.
Digital privacy resources for you, your library, and your library’s patrons

Digital privacy has been a significant topic in librarianship for the past few years, but it’s easy to get bogged down with complex technical discussions. For librarians just starting to reexamine ...
Obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis from developmental venous anomaly draining bilateral medial thalami: a case report.

Abstract Hydrocephalus is a pathological buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles leading to ventricular enlargement out of proportion to sulci and subarachnoid spaces. Developmental venous anomaly is a common benign and usually asymptomatic congenital cerebrovascular malformation. Hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal developmental venous anomaly is extremely rare. We describe a case of a 47-year-old man who presents with short-term memory impairment who was found to have a developmental venous anomaly draining bilateral medial thalami through a common collector vein that causes aqueductal stenosis and obstructive hydrocephalus.
Context is key to olfaction

In her debut book, Smellosophy: What the Nose Tells the Mind, A. S. Barwich melds a philosophical perspective with a rich history of olfactory science, tackling big questions with layers of perceptual, psychological, and neurobiological explanations. She argues that olfaction does not reflect objective reality but rather a mental construct with modest relation to the chemical objects in the world. She synthesizes disparate lines of evidence in consideration of this argument, and along the way she embeds her philosophy in a larger narrative of how our current understanding of smell evolved from earlier beliefs and expectations.
Time dependent simulations of multiwavelength variability of the blazar Mrk 421 with a Monte Carlo multi-zone code

(abridged) We present a new time-dependent multi-zone radiative transfer code and its application to study the SSC emission of Mrk 421. The code couples Fokker-Planck and Monte Carlo methods, in a 2D geometry. For the first time all the light travel time effects (LCTE) are fully considered, along with a proper treatment of Compton cooling, which depends on them. We study a set of simple scenarios where the variability is produced by injection of relativistic electrons as a `shock front' crosses the emission region. We consider emission from two components, with the second one either being pre-existing and co-spatial and participating in the evolution of the active region, or spatially separated and independent, only diluting the observed variability. Temporal and spectral results of the simulation are compared to the multiwavelength observations of Mrk 421 in March 2001. We find parameters that can adequately fit the observed SEDs and multiwavelength light curves and correlations. There remain however a few open issues, most notably: i) systematic soft intra-band X-ray lags. ii) The quadratic correlation between the TeV and X-ray flux during the flare decay has not been reproduced. These features are among those affected by the spatial extent and geometry of the source. The difficulty of producing hard X-ray lags is exacerbated by a bias towards soft lags caused by the combination of energy dependent radiative cooling time-scales and LCTE. About the second emission component, our results strongly favor the scenario where it is co-spatial and it participates in the flare evolution, suggesting that different phases of activity may occur in the same region. The cases presented in this paper represent only an initial study, and despite their limited scope they make a strong case for the need of true time-dependent and multi-zone modeling.
Predicting Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration: Role of Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Parenting Practices.

Introduction Exposure to adult intimate partner violence (IPV) places youth at risk for a range of outcomes, including perpetration of adolescent dating violence (ADV). However, there is variability in the effect of IPV exposure, as many youth who are exposed to IPV do not go on to exhibit problems. Thus, research is needed to examine contextual factors, such as parenting practices, to more fully explain heterogeneity in outcomes and better predict ADV perpetration. The current research draws from a multisite study to investigate the predictive power of IPV exposure and parenting practices on subsequent ADV perpetration. Methods Participants included 417 adolescents (48.7% female) drawn from middle schools in high-risk, urban communities. IPV exposure, two types of parenting practices (positive parenting/involvement and parental knowledge of their child's dating), and five types of ADV perpetration (threatening behaviors, verbal/emotional abuse, relational abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse) were assessed at baseline (2012) and approximately 5 months later (2013) via adolescent report. Analyses (conducted in 2015) used a structural equation modeling approach. Results Structural models indicated that IPV exposure was positively related only to relational abuse at follow-up. Further, adolescents who reported parents having less knowledge of dating partners were more likely to report perpetrating two types of ADV (physical and verbal/emotional abuse) at follow-up. Analyses did not demonstrate any significant interaction effects. Conclusions Results fill a critical gap in understanding of important targets to prevent ADV in middle school and highlight the important role that parents may play in ADV prevention.
Incarcerated Populations and Mental Status

Mental health providers in correctional settings will experience unique environments and a patient population that are substantially different than other practice locations. A history of mental health care and correctional facilities in the United States is presented to establish the basis by which challenges of treating mentally ill in a setting designed for punishment. Lawsuits and shifting public opinion brought change to correctional systems establishing the constitutional rights of inmates to receive mental health care while incarcerated. Correctional Psychiatry is differentiated from Forensic Psychiatry and differences, including change in confidentiality are discussed. The need for adequate mental health care in correctional settings is substantial and mental health providers in correctional settings will find novel challenges with the system, correctional officers, and their patients. Keywords: psychiatry; forensic psychiatry; correctional psychiatry; suicide; mental health law; mental evaluation; psychiatric evaluation
Compressibility Effects on the Scalar Mixing in Reacting Homogeneous Turbulence

The compressibility and heat of reaction influence on the scalar mixing in decaying isotropic turbulence and homogeneous shear flow are examined via data generated by direct numerical simulations (DNS). The reaction is modeled as one-step, exothermic, irreversible and Arrhenius type. For the shear flow simulations, the scalar dissipation rate, as well as the time scale ratio of mechanical to scalar dissipation, are affected by compressibility and reaction. This effect is explained by considering the transport equation for the normalized mixture fraction gradient variance and the relative orientation between the mixture fraction gradient and the eigenvectors of the solenoidal strain rate tensor.
Fisk-Gloeckler Suprathermal Proton Spectrum in the Heliosheath and the Local Interstellar Medium

Convergence of suprathermal keV-MeV proton and ion spectra approximately to the Fisk-Gloeckler (F-G) form j(E) = j(sub 0) E(sup -1.5) in Voyager land 2 heliosheath measurements is suggestive of distributed acceleration in Kolmogorov turbulence which may extend well beyond the heliopause into the local interstellar medium (LISM). Turbulence of this type is already indicated by interstellar radio scintillation measurements of electron density power spectra. Previously published extrapolations (Cooper et al., 2003, 2006) of the LISM proton spectrum from eV to GeV energies are highly consistent with the F-G power-law and further indicative of such turbulence and LISM effectiveness of the F-G cascade acceleration process. The LISM pressure computed from this spectrum well exceeds that from current estimates for the LISM magnetic field, so exchange of energy between the protons and the magnetic field would likely have a strong role in evolution of the turbulence as per the F-G theory and as long ago proposed for cosmic ray energies by Parker and others. Pressure-dependent estimates of the LISM field strength should not ignore this potentially strong and even dominant contribution from the plasma. Presence of high-beta suprathermal plasma on LISM field lines could significantly affect interactions with the heliospheric outer boundary region and might potentially account for distributed and more discrete features in ongoing measurements of energetic neutral emission from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission.
SU-E-I-77: Review of Display Quality Control: Findings and Management

Purpose: Time spent and equipment purchased for diagnostic display testing costs money. It is important to understand the values of tests in order to balance cost and value. We describe our experience with both hands-on and remote quality control testing for diagnostic displays and provide a summary and implications of our findings. We find this information helpful in guiding our own QC program management and it may be of similar benefit to others. Methods: Our data is taken from 4 years of testing a fleet of about 650 color LCD, medical-grade diagnostic quality displays. The last 2.5 years of data include both hands-on and remote testing that was facilitated by front panel luminance sensors and remote fleet management tools. Quality control data is included for the following tests:-Luminance Uniformity-Artifact-Max/Min Luminance-DICOM GSDF conformance. Results: Within the first two years, the majority of displays failed. Fundamental equipment issues were uncovered by quality control testing and were subsequently addressed by the vendor. After the first two years, failures were found in approximately 1% of remote luminance tests done quarterly. Approximately 1–2% of remote tests resulted in communication errors during quarterly testing, most frequently because of USB cables coming unplugged. Primary failure modes are presented. Conclusion: Remote luminance testing (with recalibration only as needed) allowed us to assess the stability in the performance of our diagnostic display fleet. Initial, semiannual testing of new displays uncovered systematic problems with luminance stabilization and showed great value. Ongoing testing has resulted in finding more communication errors rather than luminance related failures, though communication errors have been greatly reduced through re-engineering. Remote testing does provide the ability to test and recalibrate without a site visit and can save time in the reading room where only qualitative testing is currently performed.
Extreme cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Outcomes from a single tertiary center

Abstract Background Multivisceral resection as part of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) may be required in order to achieve optimal debulking. This study aimed to assess perioperative and long-term outcomes of the most extensive CRS/HIPEC procedures. Methods All patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC at our institution between March 2007 and July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients undergoing extreme cytoreduction (n = 50), defined as a resection of ≥5 organs or ≥3 bowel anastomoses, were compared with patients who underwent less extensive procedures (n = 219). Results Complete cytoreduction (CC score ≤1) was achieved in 76% of the extreme CRS/HIPEC group, which included patients with colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 17), appendiceal adenocarcinoma (n = 20), gastric cancer (n = 6), and low-grade appendiceal neoplasm (n = 3). When compared with other patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC, the extreme CRS/HIPEC group had higher median PCI score, increased intraoperative blood loss, longer duration of surgery and longer hospital stay (all p values Conclusions Extreme multivisceral resection as part of CRS/HIPEC is associated with higher major morbidity and inferior oncologic outcomes; therefore CRS/HIPEC provides the best outcomes in patients with fewer organs involved.
Computation of the Full Likelihood Function for Estimating Variance at a Quantitative Trait Locus

The proportion of alleles identical by descent (IBD) determines the genetic covariance between relatives, and thus is crucial in estimating genetic variances of quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, IBD proportions at QTL are unobservable and must be inferred from marker information. The conventional method of QTL variance analysis maximizes the likelihood function by replacing the missing IBDs by their conditional expectations (the expectation method), while in fact the full likelihood function should take into account the conditional distribution of IBDs (the distribution method). The distribution method for families of more than two sibs has not been obvious because there are n ( n – 1)/2 IBD variables in a family of size n , forming an n × n symmetrical matrix. In this paper, I use four binary variables, where each indicates the event that an allele from one of the four grandparents has passed to the individual. The IBD proportion between any two sibs is then expressed as a function of the indicators. Subsequently, the joint distribution of the IBD matrix is derived from the distribution of the indicator variables. Given the joint distribution of the unknown IBDs, a method to compute the full likelihood function is developed for families of arbitrary sizes.