cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Healthy Skin for Women: A Review of Common Conditions and Therapies

Objective To review common dermatologic conditions that may be of particular concern to women throughout their lives, including acne, contact dermatitis, skin conditions of pregnancy, dry skin, and sun-related skin damage. Data Sources Articles identified through a search of MEDLINE and pharmacology and dermatology textbooks using the terms women, dermatology, skin, acne, skin cancer, sunscreens, pregnancy, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, dermatitis, cosmetic dermatitis, dry skin (xerosis), actinic keratosis, oral contraceptives, and striae. Additional references were identified from the bibliographies of retrieved articles and book chapters. Data Synthesis A number of skin conditions may be of particular concern to women throughout their lives. Acne, which may be particularly troublesome during the teenage years and young adulthood, and skin conditions that are common during pregnancy may be influenced by hormonal changes that occur at different life stages. Skin conditions that are influenced by the environment include contact dermatitis, dry skin, and sun-related skin damage, including actinic keratosis, carcinoma, and melanoma. Many of these conditions are amenable to nonpharmacologic therapy and over-the-counter treatments, whereas others require prescription pharmacotherapy. Pharmacists are in an ideal position to advise women about the appropriate management of these conditions and to identify lesions that require additional assessment. Conclusion Pharmacists can make valuable contributions to patients' self-care of the skin by recommending products, educating patients about skin health, and counseling patients about prescription medications. Gaining a greater understanding of skin conditions that are of particular concern to women can prepare pharmacists to make these contributions.
Sequence stratigraphy of the Red River Formation, Williston Basin, USA: Stratigraphic signature of the Ordovician Katian greenhouse to icehouse transition

Abstract The upper Katian (Upper Ordovician) Red River Formation is a carbonate-evaporite supersequence that formed in the epicratonic Williston Basin of western North America. This study focuses on the upper part of the formation in the southern, US part of the basin. The studied succession is made up of three transgressive-regressive sequences (RR1, RR2, and RR3), each ∼0.5–∼1 m.y. in duration and composed of relatively few meter-scale high-frequency cycles (parasequences). Sequence boundaries are characterized by intraclastic breccia-laminated dolomite successions that have been truncated and capped by evaporite deposits. Subaqueous anhydrites within each sequence represent evaporite Lowstand Systems Tracts (LSTs) that formed during relative sea-level lows that lead to the precipitation of gypsum (later recrystallized into anhydrite) in a quiet, salina-type environment. Transgressive (TST) and early Highstand Systems Tracts (HST) are composed of subtidal facies of predominantly skeletal mudstone to wackestone-packstone with abundant burrow mottling. Late HSTs are predominantly composed of peritidal, porous laminated dolomite. The study illustrates how the sequence stratigraphic framework of carbonate-evaporite deposits from the Williston Basin relates to the Late Ordovician glacio-eustasy, transitional climates, and low basin subsidence in an arid setting.
“Me Against the World”: Parental Uncertainty Management at Home Following Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge

ABSTRACTThis study explored the uncertainty management processes experienced by parents at home following their child’s discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 mothers and fathers whose children were cared for and “graduated” from NICU units in seven different hospitals from 6 to 183 days (M = 63.58 days). Interviews revealed three types of parental uncertainties: parental role shift, caring through equipment, and adherence to provider advice. Parents relied on three strategies to manage these uncertainties: reorientation, calibrating appropriate responses, and limiting exposure. Findings highlight how parental experiences, communication interactions, and expectations in the NICU complicate parental uncertainties postdischarge and negatively affect parental perceptions of self-efficacy, readiness, and competency. Our findings suggest that family-centered care can be enhanced by redefining discharge as an ongoing process that necess...
Patterns of cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity to psychosocial stress in maltreated women

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment can trigger enduring changes in major stress response systems, particularly in the context of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relative impact of maltreatment versus MDD on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system stress reactivity is not well understood. Method This study examined salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in 26 maltreated (15 with current MDD) and 26 non-maltreated (17 with current MDD) women. Results Maltreated women showed greater anticipatory cortisol reactivity during the TSST protocol compared to non-maltreated women. Maltreated women also showed rapid deceleration in cortisol levels. Whereas non-maltreated women showed initial declines in alpha-amylase levels but rapidly increasing alpha-amylase levels during the TSST protocol, maltreated women did not exhibit changes in alpha-amylase levels during the TSST protocol. Contrary to expectation, MDD did not impact cortisol or alpha-amylase responses. Limitations The present study is limited by retrospective report of childhood maltreatment, cross-sectional design, and modest sample sizes. Conclusions These findings suggest that childhood maltreatment plays a greater role driving alterations in cortisol and alpha-amylase stress reactivity than MDD. Understanding the biological embedding of maltreatment is critical for elucidating mechanisms linking these experiences to risk for negative mental and physical health outcomes.
A Further Exploration of the Effects of Restoration Postscripts on Reactance

This study examined the effectiveness of restoration of freedom postscripts at mitigating psychological reactance following recycling messages. Results of a 2 (freedom threat: high, low) × 2 (postscript: restoration, filler) plus 1 (offset no-message control) independent group experiment (N = 134) replicated prior findings demonstrating how freedom threats can increase reactance and subsequently reduce perceptions of message quality while increasing anger toward the message source. Furthermore, as predicted, following high-threat messages, a restoration postscript increased intentions to recycle, whereas following low-threat messages, no such differences were found.
Immunologic and Molecular Methods for Viral Diagnosis

Tremendous strides have been made in viral diagnosis in the past decade. Many infections are now treatable and, for optimum effect, antivirals must be started early. For hospitalized patients, rapid and accurate viral diagnosis is essential not only for patient management, but for infection control and prevention of nosocomial transmission. The impact of seasonal and pandemic influenza on morbidity and mortality of all ages has received increasing attention in both the medical literature and the popular press. Emerging, highly virulent viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV, and avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9 have also heightened concerns. Lastly, immunosuppressed and other vulnerable populations at risk for serious or life-threatening viral infections continue to increase. In response to these needs, there has been an explosion in viral diagnostic test development.
Short-term treatment with flumazenil restores long-term object memory in a mouse model of Down syndrome

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic cause of intellectual disability yet no pro-cognitive drug therapies are approved for human use. Mechanistic studies in a mouse model of DS (Ts65Dn mice) demonstrate that impaired cognitive function is due to excessive neuronal inhibitory tone. These deficits are normalized by chronic, short-term low doses of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) antagonists in adult animals, but none of the compounds investigated are approved for human use. We explored the therapeutic potential of flumazenil (FLUM), a GABAAR antagonist working at the benzodiazepine binding site that has FDA approval. Long-term memory was assessed by the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) testing in Ts65Dn mice after acute or short-term chronic treatment with FLUM. Short-term, low, chronic dose regimens of FLUM elicit long-lasting (>1 week) normalization of cognitive function in both young and aged mice. FLUM at low dosages produces long lasting cognitive improvements and has the potential of fulfilling an unmet therapeutic need in DS.
Diameter rigidity for Kähler manifolds with positive bisectional curvature

Let \(M^n\) be a compact Kahler manifold with bisectional curvature bounded from below by 1. If \(diam(M) = \pi / \sqrt{2}\) and \(vol(M)> vol({\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {P}}^n)/ 2^n\), we prove that M is biholomorphically isometric to \({\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {P}}^n\) with the standard Fubini-Study metric.
The Emergence and Management of Role Ambiguity in a Collegiate Basketball Team: An Organizational Tensions Perspective

Role ambiguity—the lack of clear, consistent information regarding one’s role, responsibilities, or position—is a critical factor in team sports in which alignment of roles is vital to collective p...
Point‐of‐care ultrasound education to improve care of dialysis patients

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is rapidly emerging as a bedside diagnostic tool that can enhance physical diagnosis and facilitate clinical decision making. Although ultrasound is widely used by nephrologists for vascular access and kidney imaging, diagnostic POCUS skills in other anatomic areas are not part of routine nephrology training. In this narrative review, we will provide an overview of selected POCUS techniques, highlight potential uses of POCUS in routine nephrology practice, and describe a new curriculum implemented at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine to teach diagnostic POCUS skills to nephrology fellows.
Erotics, poetics, politics: the spheres of action of Senegalese Sufi voices

Within the Tijaniyya—the largest Sufi order in West Africa—liturgical traditions rooted in the poetics of love are foundational to piety. This article explores the voicing of these traditions in Se...
A Study of Daily Sample Composition on Amazon Mechanical Turk

Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) has become a powerful tool for social scientists due to its inexpensiveness, ease of use, and ability to attract large numbers of workers. While the subject pool is diverse, there are numerous questions regarding the composition of the workers as a function of when the “Human Intelligence Task”(HIT) is posted. Given the “queue” nature of HITs and the disparity in geography of participants, it is natural to wonder whether HIT posting time/day can have an impact on the population that is sampled. We address this question using a panel survey on AMT and show (surprisingly) that except for gender, there is no statistically significant difference in terms of demographics characteristics as a function of HIT posting time.
A framework to investigate the impact of topography and product characteristics on electronic cigarette emissions.

Significance Protocols for testing and reporting emissions of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHCs) from electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are lacking. The premise of this study is that multi-path relationships may be developed to describe interactions between product characteristics, use behavior and emissions to develop appropriate protocols for tobacco product regulatory compliance testing. Methods This study proposes a framework consisting of three component terms: HPHC mass concentration, HPHC mass ratio and total particulate mass (TPM) concentration. The framework informs experiments to investigate dependence of aerosol emissions from five electronic cigarettes spanning several design generations and three e-liquids for six repeated trials at each of ten flow conditions. Results Results are reported for TPM concentration as a function of flow conditions spanning the range of natural environment topography observed in prior studies. An empirical correlation describing TPM concentration as a function of flow conditions and coil power setting (6, 7.5 and 10 watts) for the Innokin iTaste MVP 2.0 vaporizer with Innokin iClear 30 dual coil tank is presented. Additional results document the impact of flow conditions and wick and coil design on TPM concentration through comparison of the Innokin iClear 30 (upper coil, capillary action wick) and the Innokin iClear X.I (lower coil, gravity fed wick) operated at 7.5 watts. The impact of e-liquid on TPM concentration is illustrated by comparing emissions from an NJOY Vape Pen filled with AVAIL Arctic Blast, Tobacco Row, and Mardi Gras e-liquids. TPM concentration is shown to depend upon flow conditions across a range of e-cigarette product designs including cig-a-like, pen-style, box-mod and emergent disposable-cartridge style devices. Conclusions A framework provides a foundation for reporting emissions across a variety of e-cigs, e-liquids and research laboratories. The study demonstrates TPM concentration is a function of topography behavior (i.e. puff flow rate and puff duration) for varying device operating power and product characteristics.
To Mean Is To Be Perceived: Studying the Meaning of Work Through the Eyes of Others

Social scientific research on the meaning of work has depended mostly on workers’ own reports. These reports have contributed to our understanding of what makes work meaningful. However, research h...
Large in-frame 5′ deletions in DMD associated with mild Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Two case reports and a review of the literature

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in the dystrophin-encoding DMD gene. While Duchenne is most commonly caused by large intragenic deletions that cause frameshift and complete loss of dystrophin expression, in-frame deletions in DMD can result in the expression of internally truncated dystrophin proteins and may be associated with a milder phenotype. In this study, we describe two individuals with large in-frame 5' deletions (exon 3-23 and exon 3-28) that remove the majority of the N-terminal region, including part of the actin binding and central rod domains. Both patients had progressive muscle weakness during childhood but are observed to have a relatively mild disease course compared to typical Duchenne. We show that in muscle biopsies from both patients, truncated dystrophin is expressed at the sarcolemma. We have additionally developed a patient-specific fibroblast-derived cell model, which can be inducibly reprogrammed to form myotubes that largely recapitulate biopsy findings for the patient with the exon 3-23 deletion, providing a culture model for future investigation of this unusual case. We discuss these mutations in the context of previously reported 5' in-frame DMD deletions and relevant animal models, and review the spectrum of phenotypes associated with these deletions.
Enhanced Charge Carrier Transport in 2D Perovskites by Incorporating Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene

Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic (hybrid) perovskites are considered promising candidates to replace conventional three-dimensional (3D) perovskites for solar cell applications as they have g...
Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay of Molecular Rotors with Acene Rotators in Viscous Solution.

Herein, we report the use of fluorescence anisotropy decay for measuring the rotation of six shape-persistent molecular rotors with central naphthalene (2), anthracene (3a, 3b, and 3c), tetracene (...
Predictors of Healthcare Access and Utilization by Syrian Americans in the United States

There are currently no studies examining healthcare access and utilization by Syrian Americans. A better understanding of the determinants of healthcare utilization among this group could help aid in the design of culturally competent programs. A self-administered survey was distributed at events across Southern California and Jacksonville, Florida from January 2018 to May 2019. Statistical analysis utilized multivariate regressions. Insurance coverage was associated with a preference for speaking Arabic (OR 0.433, p = 0.02) and increased length of residency (OR 1.04, p = 0.02). Routine checkup was associated with female sex (OR 1.97, p = 0.001), age (OR 1.05, p < 0.001), and insurance coverage (OR 6.96, p < 0.001). Colonoscopy compliance rate was 43.3% and positively associated with higher education (OR 2.70, p = 0.002), routine checkup (OR 7.61, p = 0.009) and increased length of residency (OR 1.06, p < 0.001). Syrian Americans may benefit from further health promotion campaigns with regard to insurance coverage, preventative care and cancer screenings.
NONPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF PERIODIC LIGHT CURVES

Many astronomical phenomena exhibit patterns that have periodic behavior. An important step when analyzing data from such processes is the problem of identifying the period: estimating the period of a periodic function based on noisy observations made at irregularly spaced time points. This problem is still a difficult challenge despite extensive study in different disciplines. This paper makes several contributions toward solving this problem. First, we present a nonparametric Bayesian model for period finding, based on Gaussian Processes (GPs), that does not make assumptions on the shape of the periodic function. As our experiments demonstrate, the new model leads to significantly better results in period estimation especially when the light curve does not exhibit sinusoidal shape. Second, we develop a new algorithm for parameter optimization for GP which is useful when the likelihood function is very sensitive to the parameters with numerous local minima, as in the case of period estimation. The algorithm combines gradient optimization with grid search and incorporates several mechanisms to overcome the high computational complexity of GP. Third, we develop a novel approach for using domain knowledge, in the form of a probabilistic generative model, and incorporate it into the period estimation algorithm. Experimental results validate our approach showing significant improvement over existing methods.
Joint Design of Communication, Wireless Energy Transfer, and Control for Swarm Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

A swarm of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) can provide richer spatial-temporal information than the traditional single-robot system, which can be used for underwater mapping, exploration, target tracking, among others. However, the limitation of AUVs’ battery cannot support persistent services, which restricts AUVs’ operating range and mission duration. In this paper, a mobile underwater charging solution is developed that can continuously recharge a swarm of AUVs by using a wireless mobile charger. Magnetic induction-based communication and wireless energy transfer are employed. This paper first shows that by using tri-axis coils, reliable wireless communication and wireless energy transfer without coil orientation losses can be obtained. After that, wireless communication, motion control, and wireless energy transfer are jointly designed for a swarm of mission-driven AUVs. In particular, optimal continuous motion controllers are developed for AUVs to avoid intra-swarm collisions and networking protocols are designed to optimally allocate resources for wireless communication and wireless energy transfer. The proposed approach can guide AUVs to their destinations, while maintaining wireless network integrity and maximizing wireless energy transfer efficiency, upon which the constraints on AUVs’ batteries can be eliminated and cheaper and smaller AUVs can be employed for various underwater applications.
Early radiographic pneumoconiosis is associated with impaired exercise gas exchange among coal miners with normal resting spirometry

Rationale We sought to determine if radiographic pneumoconiosis predicts abnormal gas exchange during exercise in coal mine workers with preserved resting lung function. Methods We analyzed data from former coal miners seen between 2006 and 2014 in a single clinic specializing in black lung evaluations. We limited the analysis to those with normal resting spirometry and an A-a gradient at peak exercise ≥10 mmHg. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate predictors of A-a gradient widened to >150% of the reference value. We focused on chest radiographs consistent with pneumoconiosis, taking into account higher silica exposure mining activities and years underground, and adjusting for cigarette smoking, obesity, and coronary artery disease. Results Of 5507 miners, we analyzed data for 742 subjects with normal spirometry and all key clinical variables available, of whom 372 (50.1%) had radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis. All but 21 had small opacity profusion of less than 2/1. The median A-a gradient at peak exercise was 108% of reference value (interquartile range, 81%-141%). In the multivariable analysis, radiographic pneumoconiosis was associated with increased odds of widened A-a gradient (odds ratio [OR], 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.7). Limited to 660 subjects with normal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, the odds were similarly increased (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.5-3.6). Discussion Among coal miners with preserved resting lung function, radiographic evidence of early pneumoconiosis more than doubled the odds of abnormal exercise physiology. Impairment in pneumoconiosis occurs in early disease and may only be evident on exercise testing.
Association of the Khorana Score with development of venous thromboembolism in ovarian cancer.

5555Background: The Khorana score is a previously validated method to identify patients at high risk of VTE during chemotherapy who would potentially benefit from thromboprophylaxis. The objectives...
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Are We Providing Proper Prophylactic Antibiotic Coverage?

Infection after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and implant-based reconstruction (IBR) can be a devastating complication. The retained nipple may act as a portal or nidus for different ductal organisms, and as such, the bacteriology of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in this setting may not be adequately covered by current antibiotic recommendations. This study sought to evaluate SSI and reconstruction outcomes in relation to antibiotic choice and identify the different microbial species implicated. A prospective database was reviewed for patients who underwent NSM with IBR from 2010 to 2019. Patient characteristics, operative details, antibiotic regimens, and subsequent treatment details were evaluated. The study analyzed SSI incidence, timing, and type of causative organisms. The study analyzed 571 NSMs with IBR performed for 347 patients (55% with direct implants and 45% with tissue expanders). The preoperative antibiotics consisted of cephalosporin alone for 65% of the patients, a more broad single-antibiotic use for 12% of the patients, and dual-coverage antibiotics for 20% of the patients. During a median follow-up of 1.7 years, SSI developed in 12% of the reconstructions, with 6% requiring prosthesis removal. The most common SSI organism cultured was Staphylococcal species. Neither pre- nor postoperative antibiotic choice was associated with incidence of infection, type of bacteria, or need for prosthetic explanation. For patients undergoing NSM with IBR, a more aggressive antibiotic choice is not associated with an improved SSI rate. Patient and treatment factors continue to carry the highest risk for SSI.
Wanita Dalam Bingkai Kehidupan Bergereja: Studi Deskripsi Peran Wanita Terhadap Pertumbuhan Gereja Di GBI Jemaat Matiti

Women are often seen as weak people who cannot perform leadership tasks. Basis, some sects of the church still reject the role of women in the church's life, including in the context of the growth of church qualities. This study aimed to determine the role of women in supporting the church growth program at GBI Matiti congregation. The research method used is quantitative. The sampling technique used to determine the sample is sample random sampling, which takes sample members from the population, which is carried out randomly without regard to the strata to be taken from the population. The sample is 40 respondents, namely church members in the Matiti congregation GBI. The trial sample is 30 people, and 40 samples are hypothesis testing. The data collection technique used in this research is the distribution of a questionnaire with a Likert scale, which is prone to scores of one to four. The results showed that the role of women in supporting the church growth program at GBI Matiti congregation was significant, namely 80%. The role of women in supporting the church growth program at GBI Matiti congregation is measured by several indicators, namely: women as helpers, women as leaders, women as motivators, women as role models, women as prayers. With the prominent role of women in supporting the church's growth, it will significantly affect the church's growth at GBI Matiti congregation as well.
TupleRank and Implicit Relationship Discovery in Relational Databases

Google’s successful PageRank brings to the Web an order that well reflects the relative importance of Web pages. Inspired by PageRank, we propose a similar scheme called TupleRank for ranking tuples in a relational database. Database tuples naturally relate to each other through referential integrity constraints declared in the schema. However, such constraints cannot capture more general relationships such as similarity. Furthermore, relationships determined statically from the database schema do not reflect actual query patterns that arise at runtime. To address these deficiencies of static TupleRank, we introduce the notion of query-driven TupleRank. We develop techniques to compute query-driven TupleRank accurately and efficiently with low space requirement. We further augment query-driven TupleRank so that it can better utilize the access frequency information collected from the workload. Preliminary experiment results demonstrate that TupleRank is both informative and intuitive, and they confirm the advantages of query-driven TupleRank over static TupleRank.
Differential regulation of D(k) and (K)k major histocompatibility complex class I proteins on the cell surface after infection of murine cells by pseudorabies virus

After pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection of murine L929 cells, the cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins changes such that the total amount of MHC class I molecules remains relatively constant but the levels of the individual alleles Dk and Kk vary. This is an active process involving at least three PRV gene products that act in an allele-specific manner such that cell surface expression of MHC class I Dk is decreased and that of Kk is increased. Our results indicate that an early gene product mediates the overall reduction in Dk protein and a late gene product which is mutant in the attenuated PRV strain Bartha mediates the increase in Kk protein. We provide additional evidence for a third gene product involved in the regulation of the synthesis of both the Dk and Kk proteins. In addition, we show that the early decrease in the Dk protein is not due to a block in synthesis or processing of the complex through the secretory system.
The possible differentiation of osteogenic elements in vitro from chick limb mesodermal cells: I. Morphological evidence

In the developing chick limb bud, myogenic, fibrogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic tissues are derived from embryonic mesenchyme. Previous reports show that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are cultured in vitro, chondrocytes, fibrocytes, and myocytes can be identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical parameters. The studies reported here clearly demonstrate that, in similar cultures, crystalline calcium phosphate material is deposited in the chondrocytic and fibrocytic matrices. Such crystalline material is not observed before Day 10 of culture life. Subsequent to Day 10 of culture, first amorphous, then crystalline calcium phosphate is observed. On the basis of light and electron microscopic analysis, it appears that the in vitro calcification phenomenon closely resembles the morphological and temporal sequence of osteogenesis observed in vivo.
Why Not Guns and Butter: Responses to Economic Turmoil

Diversionary approaches rarely explain why leaders use force in response to economic turmoil rather than addressing the problem directly. Those few studies that do address this often assume leaders can either respond with foreign policy or economic policy, but not both. I develop a formal model in which governments may employ macroeconomic policy tools, enter into an international crisis, or both. The results indicate that the relationship between economic conditions and the decision to use force may be either positive or negative. I discuss the implications with respect to recent empirical studies of the link between economic conditions and international conflict.
Elliptic Restricted Problem: Fourth-Order Stability Analysis of the Triangular Points

The expansions considered in a preceding investigation of small free oscillations about the triangular points of the elliptic restricted problem (Rabe, 1970) have been carried to the fourth powers of the eccentricity e and the mass parameter κ. For the appropriate fixed values of the frequency parameter Z, the resulting expressions for the determinant equation D=0 reduce directly to the desired relations between those e- and κ-values which determine the transition curves between stability and instability in the κ-e plane. For small and moderate values of e, these analytical results are in good agreement with those of earlier numerical studies, as well as with previous analytical ones of lower order.
Estimating Evapotranspiration of Riparian Vegetation using High resolution Multispectral, Thermal Infrared and Lidar Data

High resolution airborne multispectral and thermal infrared imagery was acquired over the Mojave River, California with the Utah State University airborne remote sensing system integrated with the LASSI imaging Lidar also built and operated at USU. The data were acquired in pre-established mapping blocks over a 2 day period covering approximately 144 Km of the Mojave River floodplain and riparian zone, approximately 1500 meters in width. The multispectral imagery (green, red and near-infrared bands) was ortho-rectified using the Lidar point cloud data through a direct geo-referencing technique. Thermal Infrared imagery was rectified to the multispectral ortho-mosaics. The lidar point cloud data was classified to separate ground surface returns from vegetation returns as well as structures such as buildings, bridges etc. One-meter DEM's were produced from the surface returns along with vegetation canopy height also at 1-meter grids. Two surface energy balance models that use remote sensing inputs were applied to the high resolution imagery, namely the SEBAL and the Two Source Model. The model parameterizations were slightly modified to accept high resolution imagery (1-meter) as well as the lidar-based vegetation height product, which was used to estimate the aerodynamic roughness length. Both models produced very similar results in terms of latent heat fluxes (LE). Instantaneous LE values were extrapolated to daily evapotranspiration rates (ET) using the reference ET fraction, with data obtained from a local weather station. Seasonal rates were obtained by extrapolating the reference ET fraction according to the seasonal growth habits of the different species. Vegetation species distribution and area were obtained from classification of the multispectral imagery. Results indicate that cottonwood and salt cedar (tamarisk) had the highest evapotranspiration rates followed by mesophytes, arundo, mesquite and desert shrubs. This research showed that high-resolution airborne multispectral and thermal infrared imagery integrated with precise full-waveform lidar data can be used to estimate evapotranspiration and water use by riparian vegetation.
Computer‐Based Training for Library Staff: From Demonstration to Continuing Program

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UT) Libraries' research and demonstration project has achieved its goal of innovative utilization of technology to meet a national library need for efficient and effective staff training materials. The project demonstrated that librarians, who are not computer programmers, can use HyperCard™ as an authoring tool for instructional units. The response of evaluators throughout the development period and subsequent period of regular use, indicates that a machine‐assisted method and the training materials themselves can be enjoyable and successful for library trainees. The implementation plan, developed and used for more than two years at UT, shows that such a program can be instituted on a librarywide basis. Distribution of the computer‐based training units to other libraries means that training materials, which are not available commercially, can be made available to thousands of academic libraries.
Measuring the importance of information in judgment: Individual differences in weighting ability and effort

Abstract Measuring the importance of cues in social judgment has been a longstanding problem. Past research has shown individual differences in the impact of ability and study effort on judgments of student performance. This research examined the hypothesis that the individual differences are due to the weight given to the information as opposed to the perceived extremity of the values of the information. Subjects judged the performance of hypothetical students described by ability, study effort, and effort during an exam. Individual differences in the impact of the three types of information were obtained and were predictable from self-reports of the relative importance of information. Different values of weights were necessary to account for the differences in the impact of information, although there were also differences in the perceived extremity of the information. The theoretical and applied significance of distinguishing the weight given to information in judgment from its subjective value are discussed. On the basis of a new review of the literature, as well as the present results, it is concluded that self-reports of the relative importance of information are predictive of individual differences in information use in judgment, but that they may reflect the total impact of information rather than only the weight.
Shelf Life of Sunflower Kernels

One raw and two oil roasted samples of sunflower kernels packaged in paper bags and in two types of low oxygen atmosphere pouches were stored at 5, 21 and 38°C. Quality of the stored samples was monitored by an expert sensory panel, peroxide, hexanal, free fatty acids and moisture determinations. Liking ratings, obtained with 99 consumers after 24 wk storage, were used to select end points for expert sensory ratings. The shelf life for roasted sunflower kernels was greater than 12 month when stored in nitrogen flushed pouches and as low as 8 wks when exposed to air at 38°C. Hexanal was a better index for shelf life of roasted sunflower kernels than was peroxide. The shelf life of raw sunflower kernels was > 12 month in packages providing some moisture but no oxygen protection.
The Effect of Delay Time after Hot Rolling on the Grain Size of Ferrite

It is necessary that the yield ratio (YR) of fire-resistant steel for construction is below 0.8. However, during the industrial production of fire-resistant steel, the rapid cooling rate of the laminar cooling configuration makes the ferrite grain become fine and increases the yield ratio (YR>0.8). In order to reduce the YR, by using Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator the experiment of the effect of delay time after hot deformation on the grain size of ferrite was carried out. The results indicate that the hot deformation can increase the system free energy and the ledges generate at the grain boundary of deformed austenite, which leads to the increase of the ferrite nucleation rate and the refinement of ferrite grain. However, with the increase of delayed time, that the release of deformation energy and the reduction of ledges would decrease ferrite nucleation rate and increase the grain size of ferrite. Based on the experimental results, the technology to prolong the delay time after hot rolling is adopted in the industry production. The tested results indicate that the technology is effective to reduce the YR of fire-resistant steel and the YR decreases to 0.79 from initial 0.84.
Spectroscopic effects of organized media on a cyanine dye/pyrene derivative

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of a cyanine dye/pyrene derivative are studied in the presence ofγ-cyclodextrin, Brij 35, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Benesi-Hildebrand type equations are used to estimate the apparent association constant of the dye/cyclodextrin complex. In addition, an estimate of the dimerization constant for the dye is examined.
The packed thermal diffusion column

Abstract Equations have been developed to describe a thermal diffusion column in which fine packing material has been placed to reduce the convection currents. The separation calculated for a given column is increased when packing is introduced, in agreement with observation. Economic calculations show that the cost of performing a desired separation with a packed column is about the same as that for a column without packing.
Diet-Induced Developmental Acceleration Independent of TOR and Insulin in C. elegans

Dietary composition has major effects on physiology. Here, we show that developmental rate, reproduction, and lifespan are altered in C. elegans fed Comamonas DA1877 relative to those fed a standard E. coli OP50 diet. We identify a set of genes that change in expression in response to this diet and use the promoter of one of these (acdh-1) as a dietary sensor. Remarkably, the effects on transcription and development occur even when Comamonas DA1877 is diluted with another diet, suggesting that Comamonas DA1877 generates a signal that is sensed by the nematode. Surprisingly, the developmental effect is independent from TOR and insulin signaling. Rather, Comamonas DA1877 affects cyclic gene expression during molting, likely through the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-23. Altogether, our findings indicate that different bacteria elicit various responses via distinct mechanisms, which has implications for diseases such as obesity and the interactions between the human microbiome and intestinal cells.
Willingness to Use Mental Health Services Among Older Residents in Assisted Living

Examining the importance of mental health care in assisted living (AL) settings, the present study examines older AL residents’ willingness to use mental health services and its predictors. Data ba...
Le Violon d'Ingres: Man Ray's Variations on Ingres, Deformation, Desire and de Sade

Le Violon d'Ingres is a complex photograph that demonstrates Man Ray's long-standing admiration for Ingres, as well as his desire to mock tradition. Man Ray's distortion and deformation of the model's body engage Surrealist concepts of metamorphosis and formlessness, but they also belong to a larger context of fascination for Ingres's manipulations of anatomy during the interwar period, as seen in the writings of critics such as Andre Lhote. The revolutionary nature of Ingres's distortions of the female body had parallels in the social distortions found in the writings of Sade, whom Man Ray and his Surrealist colleagues deeply admired.
Use of chloramphenicol to study control of RNA synthesis in bacteria

Abstract With a view to deciding whether changes in the rate of synthesis of RNA (relative to that of protein or DNA) in bacteria are dependent on variations in amounts of enzymes concerned with this synthesis, use had been made of the fact that chloramphenicol addition to these cells blocks protein but not RNA synthesis. Measurements have been made of the rate of RNA synthesis before and after chloramphenicol addition (a) to cultures in balanced growth making RNA at different rates relative to their synthesis of protein or DNA, and (b) to cultures in unbalanced growth with changing rates of RNA synthesis. The findings were: 1. 1. Chloramphenicol addition to cultures in balanced growth usually results in an increase in the rate of RNA synthesis. 2. 2. In many cases the rate of RNA synthesis in the presence of chloramphenicol can be markedly increased by enrichment of the medium after chloramphenicol addition. 3. 3. With cultures early in the depressed phase of RNA synthesis during decelerating growth, the addition of chloramphenicol causes a resumption of fast RNA synthesis; later addition of chloramphenicol results in progressively less stimulation. These results are interpreted to mean that the rate of RNA synthesis in Aerobacter aerogenes is not primarily controlled by variations in the amount of enzymes concerned with this synthesis. The amounts of some of these enzymes, however, may be secondarily adjusted to match the actual rate of RNA synthesis.
Development and validation of the Counterfactual Thinking for Negative Events Scale

We examined the psychometric properties of the newly created Counterfactual Thinking for Negative Events Scale (CTNES) in two studies involving university undergraduates. In Study 1 (N = 634), factor analysis revealed four subscales that correspond with various types of counterfactual thinking: Nonreferent Downward, Other-Referent Upward, Self-Referent Upward, and Nonreferent Upward. The subscales were largely orthogonal and had adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The CTNES subscales were positively correlated with a traditional method of assessing counterfactual thinking and were related as expected to contextual aspects of the negative event, negative affect, and cognitive style. In Study 2 (N = 208), we further examined the validity of the scale and demonstrated that the subscales were sensitive to an experimental manipulation concerning the type of negative event participants recalled. Moreover, the CTNES subscales correlated in the expected direction with measures of coping and cognitive style.
Pediatric Lung Transplantation for Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Bone Marrow Transplantation

Nine years after receiving a bone marrow transplant for aplastic anemia, a 14-year-old girl with severe pulmonary disease associated with graft-versus-host disease received a double lung transplant. Subsequent to lung transplant, her lung function improved dramatically (FEV1 increasing from 20 to 73 percent predicted normal, residual volume decreasing from 316 to 130 percent predicted normal values). The patient is currently well 15 months after transplant, while receiving immunosuppression consisting of FK506 and azathioprine. Double lung transplantation may offer a therapeutic option for the treatment of graft-versus-host pulmonary disease in selected patients.
Stable free radical polymerization kinetics of alkyl acrylate monomers using in situ FTIR spectroscopy: Influence of hydroxyl-containing monomers and additives

Summary: The homopolymerization and copolymerization of various alkyl acrylate monomers was studied under stable free radical polymerization (SFRP) conditions using in situ FTIR spectroscopy to monitor polymerization kinetics. The IR absorbance corresponding to the CH deformation of the monomer (968 cm−1) was measured to determine monomer conversion in real-time fashion. The monomer disappearance profiles were subsequently converted to pseudo-first order kinetic plots. Altering the alkyl ester chain length and configuration did not reveal a significant trend in the resulting polymerization kinetics. However, addition of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) to a polymerization of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) substantially accelerated the rate of total monomer conversion, increasing the observed rate constant almost two times. 1H NMR spectroscopy also showed that the resulting HEA/nBA copolymers were enriched with the HEA monomer. Moreover, a similar but enhanced effect was also observed upon the addition of small amounts of dodecanol to an n-butyl acrylate homopolymerization resulting in more than a doubling of the observed rate constant. Resonance forms associated with the DEPN nitroxide and stabilization resulting from hydrogen bonding.
Interim Responses of Benthic and Snag‐Dwelling Macroinvertebrates to Reestablished Flow and Habitat Structure in the Kissimmee River, Florida, U.S.A.

A critical component in the effort to restore the Kissimmee River ecosystem is the reestablishment of an aquatic invertebrate community typical of free-flowing rivers of the southeastern United States. This article evaluates early responses of benthic and snag-dwelling macroinvertebrates to restoration of flow and habitat structure following Phase I construction (interim period) of the Kissimmee River Restoration Project. Replicate benthic and snag samples were collected from remnant river channels in Pool A (Control site), and Pool C, the site of the first phase of restoration (Impact site). Samples were collected quarterly for 2 years prior to construction (baseline) and monthly or quarterly for 3 years following Phase I construction and restoration of flow. Baseline benthic data indicate a community dominated by taxa tolerant of organic pollution and low levels of dissolved oxygen, including the dipterans Chaoborus americanus (Chaoboridae) and the Chironomus/Goeldichironomus group (Chironomidae). Baseline snag data indicate a community dominated by gathering-collectors, shredders, and scrapers. Passive filtering-collector invertebrates were rare. Following restoration of flow, benthic invertebrate communities are numerically dominated by lotic taxa, including bivalves and sand-dwelling chironomids (e.g. Polypedilum spp., Cryptochironomus spp., and Tanytarsini). Snags within the Phase I area support an invertebrate community dominated by passive filtering-collectors including Rheotanytarsus spp. (Chironomidae) and Cheumatopsyche spp. (Hydropsychidae). Results indicate that restoration of flow has resulted in ecologically significant changes to the river habitat template not observed in Pool A. Observed shifts in benthic and snag macroinvertebrate community structure support previously developed hypotheses for macroinvertebrate responses to hydrologic restoration.
Nonexponential photon echo decay of Er3+ in fluorides

Abstract Nonexponential photon echo decay is observed in several hosts containing Er3+ in high magnetic fields. Concepts extended from electron spin resonance studies of spectral evolution of the coherently prepared ensemble due to fluctuating fields produced by electron and nuclear spin flips of the surrounding ions are used to describe the echo behavior. At low dopant levels and in hosts where the Er3+ have a large ground state g-value such that the upper electron spin state is depopulated, optical dephasing is dominated by the dynamics of the F- nuclear spins which produce highly nonexponential decay due to the melting of the frozen core. At higher dopant levels and where the upper Er3+ spin state is highly occupied, electron spin-electron spin interactions control the dephasing leading to more nearly exponential echo decay behavior.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEM

We review recent developments in a few selected areas of the many-body theory of nuclei and neutron stars. The chosen topics are (i) femtometer toroidal structures in nuclei; (ii) modern models of nuclear forces; (iii) advances in the application of quantum Monte Carlo methods to nuclei; (iv) relativistic boost corrections to nuclear forces; (v) dense nucleon matter; (vi) kaon condensation in neutron star matter; and (vii) the nature of the transition from nucleon to quark matter at high density.