cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Precipitation extremes over the continental United States in a transient, high-resolution, ensemble climate model experiment

[1] Understanding future changes in the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme events in response to increased greenhouse gas forcing is important for formulating adaptation and mitigation strategies that minimize damages to natural and human systems. We quantify transient changes in daily-scale seasonal extreme precipitation events over the U.S. using a five-member ensemble of nested, high-resolution climate model simulations covering the 21st century in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. We find a strong drying trend in annual and seasonal precipitation over the Southwest in autumn, winter, and spring and over the central U.S. in summer. These changes are accompanied by statistically significant increases in dry-day frequency and dry-spell lengths. Our results also show substantial increases in the frequency of extreme wet events over the northwestern U.S. in autumn, winter, and spring and the eastern U.S. in spring and summer. In addition, the average precipitation intensity increases relative to the extreme precipitation intensity in all seasons and most regions, with the exception of the Southeast. Further, most regions receive a greater fraction of total seasonal precipitation from extreme events. These results imply fewer but heavier precipitation events in the future, leading to more frequent wet and dry extremes in most regions of the U.S. Our simulations suggest that many of these changes are likely to become statistically significant by the mid-21st century. Given current vulnerabilities, such changes in extreme precipitation could be expected to increase stress on water resources in many areas of the U.S., including during the near-term decades.
Exact Expressions for the Roots of the Secular Equation for Rayleigh Waves

M. Rahman t9'21 and J. R. Barber 2°'21 (1958) for a line load moving steadily over the surface of the half-plane. Both these results can be used as Green's functions to generate convolution integrals for more general boundary value problems and the availability of an explicit factorization of the rationalized form (3) of R ( V ) permits such integrals to be broken down into simpler terms by partial fractions.
109 – The Evaluation and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is a very common problem, especially in the geriatric population. Although urinary incontinence occurs in men, it is much more common in women. It can have a significant effect on the quality of life and has medical and economic complications. Stress urinary incontinence is the most common form of incontinence in women. It is especially common in younger women. In patients older than 60 years, urinary stress incontinence, urgency incontinence, and mixed incontinence are equally prevalent. Urge incontinence is the most common form of incontinence in men and is found primarily in older men. The evaluation of people with urinary incontinence begins with a thorough history, focusing on urologic, neurologic, and, in women, gynecologic problems. Other important components of the history include medication use, presence of current and past medical problems, previous surgical procedures (especially prostate surgery in men and pelvic surgery in women), and past obstetrical history. The effective management of those with urinary incontinence depends on an accurate diagnosis. Although not all patients will be cured of their incontinence, with appropriate treatment the majority will experience significant improvement in their symptoms. Treatment with urinary catheterization or diapers should only be considered when all the other treatment options have failed.
Physical activity and post-treatment weight trajectory in anorexia nervosa

Objective This study compared an objective measurement of physical activity (PA) in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) at low-weight, weight-restored, and post-treatment time points, and also compared PA in AN with that of healthy controls (HC). Method Sixty-one female inpatients with AN wore a novel accelerometer (the IDEEA) which measured PA at three time points: a) low-weight, b) weight-restored, and c) one month post-hospital discharge. Twenty-four HCs wore the IDEEA at one time point. Results Inpatients with AN became more physically active than they were at low-weight at weight restoration and following treatment discharge. Post-treatment patients with AN were more physically active than HCs during the day and less active at night, which was primarily accounted for by amount of time spent on feet, including standing and walking. Greater time spent on feet during the weight-restoration time point of inpatient treatment was associated with more rapid decrease in BMI over the 12 months following treatment discharge. Fidgeting did not differ between patients and controls, did not change with weight restoration, and did not predict post-treatment weight change. Discussion Use of a novel accelerometer demonstrated greater PA in AN than in HC. PA following weight restoration in AN, particularly time spent in standing postures, may contribute to weight loss in the year following hospitalization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015).
Structure and expression of yeast glycolytic genes.

Yeast glycolytic enzymes are present at high intracellular concentration and comprise 25–65% of the soluble cellular protein (1). The properties of the isolated enzymes have been studied extensively and in some cases the primary structure of the enzymes has been determined as has the three dimensional structure. The intracellular concentration of many glycolytic enzymes increase when cells are shifted from growth on a nonfermentable carbon source to growth on glucose. The kinetics of this increase in enzyme specific activity has been studied and the data suggest that expression of the glycolytic genes may be coordinated (2,3). Coordinate expression of glycolytic genes is also suggested by the phenotype of a mutant yeast strain which fails to synthesize most if not all of the glycolytic enzymes (4).
On Approximation Resistance of Predicates (Invited Talk)

Constraint satisfaction problems are some of the most well-studied NP-hard problems, 3SAT being a prominent example. It is known by Hastad's 1997 result that 3SAT is "approximation resistant" in the following sense: given a near-satisfiable instance, a trivial algorithm that assigns random boolean values to the variables satisfies 7/8 fraction of the constraints and no efficient algorithm can do strictly better unless P=NP! 3SAT is a CSP that corresponds to the ternary OR predicate. In general, a CSP has constraints given by some fixed predicate P:{0,1}^k -> {True, False} (on possibly negated variables) and the predicate is called approximation resistant if, on a near-satisfiable instance, it is computationally hard to perform strictly better than a random assignment. The quest to understand approximation resistance has played a central role in the theory of probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs) and hardness of approximation. This talk will give a survey of the topic, including recent work giving a complete characterization of approximation resistance (i.e. a necessary and sufficient condition on the predicate that makes the corresponding CSP approximation resistant).
Multiscale model of light harvesting by photosystem II in plants

The first step of photosynthesis in plants is the absorption of sunlight by pigments in the antenna complexes of photosystem II (PSII), followed by transfer of the nascent excitation energy to the reaction centers, where long-term storage as chemical energy is initiated. Quantum mechanical mechanisms must be invoked to explain the transport of excitation within individual antenna. However, it is unclear how these mechanisms influence transfer across assemblies of antenna and thus the photochemical yield at reaction centers in the functional thylakoid membrane. Here, we model light harvesting at the several-hundred-nanometer scale of the PSII membrane, while preserving the dominant quantum effects previously observed in individual complexes. We show that excitation moves diffusively through the antenna with a diffusion length of 50 nm until it reaches a reaction center, where charge separation serves as an energetic trap. The diffusion length is a single parameter that incorporates the enhancing effect of excited state delocalization on individual rates of energy transfer as well as the complex kinetics that arise due to energy transfer and loss by decay to the ground state. The diffusion length determines PSII's high quantum efficiency in ideal conditions, as well as how it is altered by the membrane morphology and the closure of reaction centers. We anticipate that the model will be useful in resolving the nonphotochemical quenching mechanisms that PSII employs in conditions of high light stress.
Experimental renal infection: acute and chronic studies of histology and function.

Experimental renal infection: Acute and chronic studies of histology and function. Experimental renal infections have resulted in histologic lesions of acute and chronic pyelonephritis, but in most studies the urinary tract has been "traumatized" to induce persistent infection. Sequential functional alterations have been measured infrequently. The present studies were designed to separate the functional and histological changes caused by high pressure sterile reflux from reflux with pathogenic organisms. Reproducible disruption of the pelvic epithelium with extravasation of solution into the parenchyma and vasculature occurred with reflux of 2.0 ml of solution but not with 1.0 ml. Reflux with 2.0 ml of sterile broth failed to cause permanent histologic changes, but reflux with broth containing organisms resulted in minor inflammatory changes. There was no decrease in renal function in either group. In long-term studies, no histologic changes in the cortex or medulla were noted 21 weeks after reflux of 1.0 ml of broth containing organisms; however, there was failure of functional maturation in the infected animals commensurate with their growth, as compared to the shams and controls (P = 0.03). Sterile reflux did not cause cortical scars or changes in renal function, but persistent parenchymal infection was associated with arrest of functional growth. Infection renale experimentale: Etudes histologiques et fonctionnelles en situations aigues et chroniques. L'infection renale experimentale a eu pour consequence des lesions histologiques de pyelonephrite aigue et chronique, mais dans la plupart des etudes, l'appareil urinaire a ete "traumatise" pour determiner une infection persistante. L'evaluation des alterations fonctionnelles sequentielles n'a pas ete frequente. Ce travail a pour but de separer les modifications fonctionnelles et histologiques liees au reflux sterile a haute pression et celles dues au reflux avec des organismes pathogenes. La dechirure de l'epithelium pyelique avec effraction de la solution est survenue de facon reproductible avec un reflux de 2,0 ml de solution mais n'a pas ete obtenue avec 1,0 ml. Le reflux avec 2 ml de milieu de culture sterile n'a pas entraine de modification histologiques durables mais le milieu de culture contenant des micro-organismes a determine des modifications inflammatoires mineures. Dans aucun des deux groupes il n'y a eu de diminution de la fonction renale. Dans les etudes au long cours il n'a pas ete observe de modifications histologiques dans le cortex ou la medullaire 21 semaines apres reflux de 1,0 ml de milieu de culture contenant des micro-organismes; la maturation fonctionnelle, cependant, n'a pas progresse chez les animaux infectes en comparaison des controles (P = 0,03). Le reflux sterile ne determine pas de fibrose corticale ou de modification de la fonction renale mais l'infection parenchymateuse persistante est associee a un arret de la croissance fonctionnelle.
The relationship between mitochondrial function and walking performance in older adults with a wide range of physical function

Age related declines in walking performance may be partly attributable to skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction as mitochondria produce over 90% of ATP needed for movement and the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation decreases with age. Participants were from two studies: an ancillary to the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study (n=33), which recruited lower functioning participants (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], 7.8±1.2), and the Study of Energy and Aging-Pilot (SEA, n=29), which enrolled higher functioning (SPPB, 10.8±1.4). Physical activity was measured objectively using the Actigraph accelerometer (LIFE) and SenseWear Pro armband (SEA). Phosphocreatine recovery following muscle contraction of the quadriceps was measured using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ATPmax (mM ATP/s) was calculated. Walking performance was defined as time (s) to walk 400m at a usual-pace. The cross-sectional association between mitochondrial function and walking performance was assessed using multivariable linear regression. Participants were 77.6±5.3years, 64.2% female and 67.2% white. ATPmax was similar in LIFE vs. SEA (0.52±0.14 vs. 0.55±0.14, p=0.31), despite different function and activity levels (1.6±2.2 vs.77.4±73.3min of moderate activity/day, p<0.01). Higher ATPmax was related to faster walk-time in SEA (r(2)=0.19, p=0.02,); but not the LIFE (r(2)<0.01, p=0.74) cohort. Mitochondrial function was associated with walking performance in higher functioning, active older adults, but not lower functioning, sedentary older adults.
Thinking About Weapon and Equipment in Guancius

The military thinking in Guancius is very plenty.Compare with other schools before Qing Dynasty,the dissertation of Guancius about weapon and equipment construction of military has an original idea. Guancius definitely claims that any military action is put in practice,weapon and equipment must be considered above all. Guancius emphasizes that if we plentifully don't know the instance of enemy weapon and equipment,our campaign is not provided with any pertinence. Guancius thinks that except thinking much of quantity,the quality also must be regard in weapon and equipment construction,the maturity and excellence of weapon and equipment should be pursued.Guancius insistently affirms that the severe system of manufacture,testing,storage and maintenance for weapon and equipment must be set up,the using and training of weapon and equipment must be looked up with its manufacture in the same administrative level.
Correlation of Peroxiredoxin 1 protein with hydronephrosis development

AIM: To investigate the role of Peroxiredoxin 1(Prx1) protein during the development of hydronephrosis caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD)in mice fetus.METHODS: Animal model of hydronephrosis was induced in mice fetus by TCDD.Kidneys and ureters of mice fetus were observed on histological and ultrastructural levels.The expressions of Prx1 protein in kidneys and ureters of mice fetus were detected with Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Animal model of hydronephrosis was induced in mice fetus successfully.Proliferative epithelium mucosa of ureters and narrow lumina was found in mice fetus with hydronephrosis.Western blot displayed that the expression of Prx1 protein in kidneys and ureters increased significantly in treatment group compared with that in control group.Results of immunohistochemistry displayed that the expression of Prx1 protein in epithelium mucosa of ureters was positive in treatment group but negative in control group.CONCLUSION: Strong expression of Prx1 protein in epithelium mucosae of ureters in mice fetus caused by TCDD may be related to hydronephrosis.
Above the Confessions

We all say a Lord's Prayer, we all have a Savior, we all have a Christmas celebration. The banner above both confessions is: Christianity. Hans Schemm The Protestant League stands very close to the NSDAP. It is consciously German and, through moral and religious power, wants to contribute to the building up of the German people. Hans Schemm When incorporating different strands of Christian antisemitism or socialism, Nazis spoke in undifferentiated, nonconfessional terms. In large part this was one of the very purposes of positive Christianity: to bridge the religious divide by making no specific references to a particular confessional bias. Any direct allusion to a particular theological lineage would have worked against the priority of the nation. Insofar as this allowed the NSDAP to appeal to all of Germany's Christians, it had potential as an effective political strategy. However, it was also central to the inner logic of their worldview: By appealing to what the Nazis regarded as the commonalities that joined Protestants and Catholics, they hoped to unify the nation and end a long, often bloody history of sectarianism in Germany. In this sense, the Nazis undoubtedly put the nation above confession, but in ways strikingly similar to those attempted by prior generations of German nationalists. This goal notwithstanding, the sectarian fault line that ran through German society – illustrated in conceptions of Luther and the Reformation – could be found within the Nazi movement as well.
Effects of Angular Fillers on Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Battery

By adding 1 wt% damage homogenizer (DH), i.e. carbon black microparticles, into the electrodes of lithium-ion batteries, thermal runaway can be mitigated as the battery cells are subjected to impact loadings. In a drop tower test, the generated heat of the modified cells is reduced by nearly 40%, compared with the reference cells. This phenomenon may be attributed to the weakening effect of the carbon black fillers. The shape of the filler grains does not have a pronounced influence on the temperature profile.
Earning a Seat at the Table: How IT Departments Can Partner in Organizational Change and Innovation

Few would argue that the information technology department ITD is not an essential part of an organization. It is hard to envision a project that does not need the support of the ITD. Despite this importance, the ITD is not always involved in the management of projects. Often, the ITD is brought into the project late in the planning and development process. In many cases, the inclusion of the ITD in an advanced project stage can result in project failure where early involvement could have prevented it. Why is it that ITDs, while clearly a vital part of project implementation, are not always incorporated in the early stages of organizational projects? Is the ITD's role not understood, or are there misconceptions regarding the ITD's value? This paper seeks to provide a clearer understanding of the role of ITDs in organizations through a conceptual model of ITD organizational integration. The model provides actionable recommendations, demonstrates the organizational value of ITDs, and highlights the importance of including ITDs early in organizational project lifecycles.
A 14.4Gb/s/pin 230fJ/b/pin/mm multi-level RF-interconnect for global network-on-chip communication

A simultaneous and reconfigurable multi-level RF-interconnect (MRI) for global network-on-chip (NoC) communication is demonstrated. The proposed MRI interface consists of baseband (BB) and RF band transceivers. The BB transceiver uses multi-level signaling (MLS) to enhance communication bandwidth. The RF-band transceiver utilizes amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation to support simultaneous communication on a shared single-ended on-chip global interconnect. A phase-locked loop (PLL) is also designed to support the fully-synchronous NoC architecture. The MLS-based BB and ASK-based RF band carry 10Gb/s/pin and 4.4Gb/s/pin, respectively. The proposed system is fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process and achieves an energy/b/pin/mm of 230fJ/b/pin/mm.
What is transcendence, how did it evolve, and is it beneficial?

ABSTRACTTranscendence is an important subject of investigation within the scientific study of religion and beyond, and as such, presents a Hilbert problem that must be addressed. We lay out three s...
High performance multiple string LED driver with flexible and wide range PWM dimming capability

The main objectives in driving multiple LED strings include achieving uniform current control and high performance PWM dimming for all strings. This work proposes a new multiple string LED driver to achieve not only current balance, but also flexible and wide range PWM dimming ratio for each string. A compact single-inductor multiple-output topology is adopted in the driver, accompanied by synchronous integrators and variable dimming frequency, to achieve both high efficiency and high performance dimming. By using the proposed variable dimming frequency scheme, high dimming frequency is applied to a string with high dimming ratio, which helps to maintain the deviation of LED string current in an acceptable range, while low dimming frequency is applied to a string with low dimming ratio, which helps to achieve rectangular LED current waveform. Meanwhile, the new time multiplexing control scheme automatically optimizes the LED strings' bus voltages, thus minimizes each string's power loss. A three string LED driver prototype is constructed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, where the three strings can have different dimming ratios between 6% and 95%.
Multi-scan segmentation of terrestrial laser scanning data based on normal variation analysis

Abstract Point cloud segmentation groups points with similar attributes with respect to geometric, colormetric, radiometric, and/or other information to support Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) data processing such as feature extraction, classification, modeling, analysis, and so forth. In this paper we propose a segmentation method consisting of two main steps. First, a novel feature extraction approach, NORmal VAriation ANAlysis (Norvana), eliminates some noise points and extracts edge points without requiring a general (and error prone) normal estimation at each point. Second, region growing groups the points on a smooth surface to obtain the segmentation result. For efficiency, both steps exploit the angular grid structure storing each TLS scan that is often neglected in many segmentation algorithms, which are primarily developed for unorganized point clouds. Additionally, unlike the existing methods exploiting the angular grid structure that can only be applied to a single scan, the proposed method is able to segment multiple registered scans simultaneously. The algorithm also takes advantage of parallel programming for efficiency. In the experiment, both qualitative and quantitative evaluations are performed through two datasets whilst the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method are analyzed and discussed.
Costs and Resource Use Associated with Alzheimer's Disease in Italy: Results from an Observational Study.

The GERAS II study aimed to assess societal costs and resource use associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for patients and their primary caregivers in Italy and Spain, stratified for different severity stages of AD at baseline. This report presents baseline results for Italy. GERAS II was a prospective, multicentre, observational study of routine care in AD. Community-dwelling patients attending specialist secondary care centres (memory clinics/Alzheimer’s Evaluation Units) and their primary informal caregivers were recruited into the study. Patients were aged ≥55 years, presented within the normal course of care, had a diagnosis of probable AD and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≤26. Patients and caregivers were stratified according to patient AD dementia severity at baseline: mild, MMSE score 21–26; moderate, MMSE score 15–20; or moderately severe/severe, MMSE score <15. Data collected for patients and caregivers included demographics/clinical characteristics; current medication; patient cognitive, functional and behavioural assessments; patient and caregiver health-related quality of life (HRQoL); and patient and caregiver resource use. The costs associated with the resources used were calculated. Costs were broken down into patient healthcare costs, patient social care costs and caregiver informal care costs. Of 198 patients enrolled from Italy, 29 (15%) had mild AD dementia, 80 (40%) had moderate AD dementia, and 89 (45%) had moderately severe/severe AD dementia. Patient and caregiver characteristics showed some differences between AD dementia severity groups; for example, a numerically higher proportion of patients with mild and moderately severe/severe AD dementia were taking memantine compared with those with moderate AD dementia. Patient functioning and behavioural and psychological symptoms worsened with increasing AD dementia severity (p<0.05 between groups for all measures). No significant difference between the disease severity groups was observed in patient HRQoL, and there was no clear pattern in resource use. However, all measures of caregiver time spent helping the patient differed significantly between groups (p<0.05) and were highest in patients with moderately severe/severe AD dementia. Mean (standard deviation) total monthly societal costs per patient (2013 values) were €1850 (1901), €1552 (1322) and €2728 (2184) for patients with mild, moderate and moderately severe/severe AD dementia, respectively (p<0.001 between groups). Caregiver informal care costs were the greatest contributor to total societal costs and amounted to €1370, €1223 and €2223 per patient per month for mild, moderate and moderately severe/severe AD dementia groups, respectively (p<0.001 between groups). Total Italian societal costs generally increased with increasing AD dementia severity. However, costs were slightly lower for moderate than for mild AD dementia, possibly reflecting the observed unusual trend of greater caregiver time and higher memantine use in patients with mild versus moderate AD dementia.
Structure, Asymmetry and Segmentation of the Human Parietal Aslant and Vertical Occipital Fasciculi

We previously proposed a bipartite 9dorsal-ventral9 model of human arcuate fasciculus (AF) morphology. This model does not, however, account for the 9vertical,9 temporoparietal subdivision of the AF described in earlier dissection and tractographic studies. In an effort to address the absence of the vertical AF (VAF) within the 9dorsal-ventral9 model, we conducted a dedicated tractographic and white-matter dissection study of this tract and another short, vertical, posterior-hemispheric fascicle: the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF). We conducted atlas-based, non-tensor, deterministic tractography in 30 single subjects from the Human Connectome Project database and verified our results using an average diffusion atlas comprising 842 separate normal subjects. We also performed white-matter dissection in 4 cadaveric hemispheres. Our tractographic results demonstrate that the VAF is in fact a bipartite system connecting the ventral-parietal and ventral-temporal regions, with variable connective and no volumetric lateralization. The VOF is a non-lateralized, non-segmented system connecting lateral occipital areas with basal-temporal regions. Importantly, the VOF was distinctly dissociated from the VAF. As the VAF demonstrates no overall connective or volumetric lateralization, we postulate its distinction from the AF system and propose its re-naming to the 9parietal aslant tract,9 (PAT) with unique dorsal and ventral subdivisions. Our tractography results were supported by diffusion atlas and white matter dissection findings.
Lattice construction of duality with non-Abelian gauge fields in 2+1D

The lattice construction of Euclidean path integrals has been a successful approach of deriving 2+1D field theory dualities with a $\mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge field. In this work, we generalize this lattice construction to dualities with non-Abelian gauge fields. We construct the Euclidean space-time lattice path integral for a theory with strongly interacting $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ vector bosons and Majorana fermions coupled to an $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ gauge field and derive an exact duality between this theory and the theory of a free Majorana fermion on the space-time lattice. We argue that this lattice duality implies the desired infrared duality between the field theory with an $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ vector critical boson coupled to an $\mathrm{SO}{(3)}_{1}$ Chern-Simons gauge theory, and a free massless Majorana fermion in 2+1D. We also generalize the lattice construction of dualities to models with $\mathrm{O}(3)$ gauge fields.
Prediction and Error of Baldcypress Stem Volume from Stump Diameter

The need to estimate the volume of removals occursformany reasons, such as in trespass cases, severance tax reports, and post-harvest assessments. A logarithmic model is presented for prediction of baldcypress total stem cubic foot volume using stump diameter as the independent variable. Because the error of prediction is as important as the volume estimate, I demonstrate construction and use of simple and joint confidence intervals about the mean and individual predictions. For completeness, I address prediction and error from inventory estimates of removals. South. J. Appl. For. 22(2):69-73. Many circumstances exist today where the volume, and ultimately the value, of trees must be assessed from stump measurements. These situations include: ( 1) assessing timber sales based on stump diameters, (2) checking harvesting practices following tree removals, (3) tracing the history of cutover lands, (4) assessing damage resulting from adverse environmental conditions, (5) determining volume loss resulting from trespass cutting, and (6) calculating growth on cut as part of a forest inventory (Bylin 1982, Wharton 1984). In all these situations only a stump diameter is known. In terms of wetland tree species, baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich) ranks high in importance. Cypress has made a strong comeback since the last virgin stands were cut in the 1940s. Current growing stock is estimated at around 6 billion cubic feet in the southeastern United States (Beltz et al. 1992) and its distribution ranges from East Texas to southern Maryland. Its increasing volume, distribution, and desirability as a species for management, point to the need for the ability to assess removals. Currently no published equations exist for estimating cypress volume from stump diameter. In this paper I present a simple linear model for estimating bole cubic foot volume above stump, and I provide details and examples on the construction and use of simple and joint confidence intervals about the mean and individual predictions. Also, prediction and associated error in the context of forest inventories on removals is discussed.
Winter Triticale: A Roughage Source for Wintering Range Cows?

Hay, grain yield, and nutrient production of advanced generation winter triticale harvested from a irrigated sandy soil were determined. Dry weight yield ranges and LSD (0.05) for hay was 12 to 22 Mg he (6.4) and for grain 1740 to 7030 kg he (1100). Total protein, crude fat, Nitrogen Free Extract, and Total Digestible Nutrients for hay and grain are given and discussed.
Characterizing Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma

Abstract Background Pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for breast cancer is associated with improved survival and facilitates conservative surgical strategies. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has been observed to have decreased response to NCT compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). This study seeks to evaluate national trends in the use of NCT for ILC compared with IDC, and determine if there is a subset of ILC patients who demonstrate favorable response rates. Methods This is a study using the National Cancer Database. The cohort consisted of patients with stage 1-3 ILC treated between 2010 and 2014, and a reference cohort of patient with IDC. For patients receiving NCT, pCR was assessed and clinically relevant variables were used in multivariable logistic regression models for each histologic subtype, modeling for pCR achievement. Survival analysis was performed for each histologic group to evaluate potential survival benefits of achieving pCR. Results Our study cohort consisted of 384,887 women, of which 9.7% had ILC. A significantly lower rate of pCR after NCT was found in the cases of ILC compared with those of IDC (8.7% versus 23.2%). Increased response was seen in ILC patients with HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes. A survival benefit was demonstrated in patients with ILC who achieved pCR. Conclusions While response to NCT in patients with ILC is uncommon, our findings demonstrate a selective benefit for patients with HER2-positive tumors and TNBC. In addition, pCR is correlated with a clear survival advantage in ILC.
Blood kinetics, tissue distribution, and radioimaging of anti-common chronic lymphatic leukemia antigen (cCLLa) monoclonal antibody CLL2 in mice transplanted with cCLLa-bearing human leukemia cells.

The blood kinetics and biodistribution of anti-common chronic lymphatic leukemia antigen (cCLLa) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) CLL2 were assessed in mice bearing cCLLa+ tumors. The cCLLa is a 69-Kd glycoprotein antigen expressed selectively by malignant B cells in human CLL, hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and prolymphocytic leukemia. Immunoreactive 125I- CLL2 (5 micrograms/mouse, specific activity 4.3 microCi/micrograms) was injected intravenously in mice bearing HCL-derived EH xenografts, and blood kinetics and biodistribution were ascertained up to 16 days postinjection. Radioimages were also obtained up to 72 hours after injecting 10 micrograms/mouse (specific activity 50.1 microCi/micrograms) of 125I-CLL2. Distinct 125I-CLL2 blood kinetics were observed in EH engrafted compared with tumor-free mice including: a longer 125I-CLL2 T 1/2 (153 hours v 72 hours), and a considerably greater blood clearance (173 mg/h v 54.7 mg/h) with biexponential rather than monoexponential configuration; and a greater volume of antibody distribution (31,483 mg v 5,729 mg). These data suggest more rapid tissue uptake by grafted tumours. Preferential 125I-CLL2 uptake by EH tumours relative to normal tissues was observed beginning 24 hours postinjection (mean ratio, 4.2) with average peak tumor 125I-CLL2 levels of 428.7 pg/mg. 125I-CLL2 uptake selectivity by EH tumor cells was also supported by: (1) negligible 125I-CLL2 uptake by cCLLa- Molt-4 xenografts (average 29.1 pg/mg 24 hours postinjection); (2) background uptake of cCLLa-irrelevant MoAb 131I-LEU1 by CD5- EH xenografts (average 31.4 pg/mg 48 hours postinjection); and (3) by scintigraphy. The EH xenograft mouse model might be useful to ascertain preclinically the anti-tumor effect of anti-cCLLa MoAbs and of their conjugated derivatives.
LoRaWAN Network: Radio Propagation Models and Performance Evaluation in Various Environments in Lebanon

Recently, LoRaWAN has emerged as a promising technology for the Internet of Things (IoT), owing its ability to support low-power and long-range communications. However, real-world deployment and network optimization require accurate path-loss (PL) modeling, so as to estimate network coverage, performance, and profitability. For that reason, in this paper, LoRaWAN radio channel is investigated in the 868 MHz band. Extensive measurement campaigns were carried out in both indoor and outdoor environments at urban and rural locations in Lebanon (Saint Joseph University of Beirut campus, Beirut city, and Bekaa valley). Based on empirical results, PL models are developed for LoRaWAN communications and compared with widely used empirical models. Moreover, the performance and the coverage of LoRaWAN deployment are evaluated based on real measurements. The results show that the proposed PL models are accurate and simple to be applied in Lebanon and other similar locations. Coverage ranges up to 8 and 45 km were obtained in urban and rural areas, respectively. This reveals the reliability of this promising technology for long-range IoT communications.
Designing Compression-Only Arch Structures Using Robotic Equilibrium Assembly

This research is an extension of the work from our previous study on robotic equilibrium assembly. We found that architectural assembly methods have been under researched in design modelling. Instead, more attention has been paid to advanced fabrication processes, wherein complex components are produced but often manually assembled using scaffolds, lift machines, and installation tools. This design-to-production model unfortunately wastes an extensive amount of natural resources and labour. In a previous paper, we mentioned that the material efficiency of compression-only structures has been offset using scaffolds to position components and counter out-of-equilibrium forces. In contrast, we demonstrated that advances in robotic assembly and fabrication have enabled the structural end of an unfinished compression-only arch to be maintained in equilibrium without the use of conventional scaffolds. In this paper, we further demonstrate the applications of this assembly method with new experiment results, wherein a multi-branched compression-only arch structure was designed and constructed without using scaffolds. We want to also explain the implications of this design strategy to our larger built environment by demonstrating the increased flexibility of regenerating a design during construction, the reduced resource use with such a robotic scaffold system, and how we understand the balance between technological footprint and resource saving.
Abstract 361: Deacetylation of Lc3 Drives Autophagy and Proteome Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle During Oncometabolic Stress

Metabolic rewiring is a hallmark of cancer and muscle cells. In isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutant tumors, increased plasma levels of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG) are associ...
Hospitality: welcoming the unknown student

What does it mean for a teacher to welcome all children? This article explores this question by first documenting my own difficulty as an elementary school classroom teacher to welcome one particul...
Closing the Gap Between Legal and Social Citizenship for Roma People

While Roma people are most often legal citizens in their countries, long-term persecution and discrimination has affected their social citizenship: their ability to fully participate as active citizens, their capacity to pursue high-status professions and their choices and rights. This essay integrates personal reflections with a historical and contemporary overview of citizenship rights for Roma, makes recommendations for reducing the gap between their legal and social citizenship, and explores the possibility to redefine the Roma condition in the twenty-first century.
Potential for negative interactions between successful arthropod and weed biological control programs: A case study with Lilioceris species

Abstract Successful biological control programs can have landscape-level effects on the management of intractable arthropod pests and weeds, improving ecosystem services and reducing both management costs and the widespread use of pesticides. However, biotic resistance can prevent biological control agents from establishing or limit their efficacy. We assessed the potential for biological control agents of the pest Lilioceris lilii, the lily leaf beetle, to attack L. cheni, a weed biological control agent for Dioscorea bulbifera, air potato. Both the suite of parasitoid biological control agents and L. cheni are contributing to the successful management of their respective targets. Thus, negative interactions between these species could potentially disrupt two effective biological control programs if range overlap occurs. Choice and no-choice tests were conducted with all three parasitoid species and the target and non-target beetles, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to assess the relatedness of the Lilioceris species. The parasitoids displayed a clear preference for their host, L. lilii, and did not successfully parasitize L. cheni. Although interference between arthropod and weed biological control programs is not likely to be a common occurrence, practitioners in both subdisciplines should be cognizant of this possibility as new agents are developed.
Across disciplines: Multi-phase career preparation for doctoral students

Abstract The Wayne State University (WSU) BEST program uses a three-phase process for doctoral students to inform their decisions regarding how to proceed after graduate school. In Phase I, students engage with alumni and industrial partners in career tracks of business, communication, government, law, and teaching. Students gain an understanding of the employment setting, opportunities, and challenges in those tracks. In Phase II, students participate in interactive workshops to learn work-related tasks of employees in various career sectors. In Phase III, students work within a partner organization to gain direct experience of a Ph.D. in that setting. These experiences are coupled with Individual Development Plans so that students plan for their desired careers by being intentional and proactive in skill development, and successfully land in their desired position. A “halo” effect of the WSU BEST program is evidenced by participation of students from all disciplines, not just biomedical sciences.
Upregulating Lin28a Promotes Axon Regeneration in Adult Mice with Optic Nerve and Spinal Cord Injury.

Severed CNS axons fail to regenerate in adult mammals and there are no effective regenerative strategies to treat patients with CNS injuries. Several genes, including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Kruppel-like factors, regulate intrinsic growth capacity of mature neurons. The Lin28 gene is essential for cell development and pluripotency in worms and mammals. In this study, we evaluated the role of Lin28a in regulating regenerative capacity of diverse populations of CNS neurons in adult mammals. Using a neuron-specific Thy1 promoter, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress Lin28a protein in multiple populations of projection neurons, including corticospinal tracts and retinal ganglion cells. We demonstrate that upregulation of Lin28a in transgenic mice induces significant long distance regeneration of both corticospinal axons and the optic nerve in adult mice. Importantly, overexpression of Lin28a by post-injury treatment with adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) vector stimulates dramatic regeneration of descending spinal tracts and optic nerve axons after lesions. Upregulation of Lin28a also enhances activity of the Akt signaling pathway in mature CNS neurons. Therefore, Lin28a is critical for regulating growth capacity of multiple CNS neurons and may become an important molecular target for treating CNS injuries.
COVID-19 Implications on Clinical Clerkships and the Residency Application Process for Medical Students

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant disruption to undergraduate medical education (UME) Although the immediate scheduling challenges are being addressed, there has been less discourse regarding how this pandemic will impact medical students in their preparation for and application to residency programs While some historical disasters and pandemics provide a loose precedent for UME response during COVID-19, the impact of the current pandemic has surpassed any other events COVID-19 will likely impact UME in the suspension of clinical rotations, alterations in grading, suspension or elimination of away rotations, changes in medical licensing exams, and ramifications on mental health This review assesses governing medical bodies' recommendations regarding UME during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this may impact preparation for residency In particular, residency programs will likely have to create new guidelines for assessing applicants during this unique cycle
6 – Bone marrow failure

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the issues related to bone marrow failure. Bone marrow failure is an isolated quantitative failure of one cell line, a single cytopenia, or as pancytopenia, an acquired or inherited failure of all three cell lines with a hypoplastic or aplastic marrow, or due to an inherited qualitative failure of the bone marrow. Bone marrow failure may also be due to invasion of the bone marrow by nonneoplastic or neoplastic conditions, primary or metastatic. The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes are divided into those resulting in pancytopenia. However, it has become evident that most of the single-cell cytopenias may manifest abnormalities in other hematopoietic cell lines. Some common causes of single cell line failure and generalized bone marrow failure are Diamond–Blackfan anemia, Pearson syndrome, drugs, Infection, Thymoma, malnutrition, and hematologic conditions. The proposed treatments available for the bone marrow failure are packed red cell transfusion, prednisone, hematopoietic stem cell transfusion, and alternate therapy.
Exploring Themes and Bias in Art using Machine Learning Image Analysis

Machine learning and computer vision have been applied for image recognition of art objects such as paintings, sculpture images etc. In particular, deep learning methods for image classification in art have been used to improve user engagement by providing access to accurately labelled and classified art objects. As an increasing number of notable museums turn towards creating open access collections, alternatives to the use of laborious human annotating methods are needed. This paper focuses on the Open Access initiative of The Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met) which was launched in 2017 in an effort to expand The Met’s reach and presence. The museum now provides a select dataset of information on more than 470,000 artworks in its collection for unrestricted commercial and noncommercial use. However, with a widely accessible collection, the Met now faces the problem of how to enhance the user experience via access to accurately labelled art. This paper focuses on machine learning methods with applicability to automated classification of images obtained from The Met’s online collection. We aimed to: 1) Compare three different convolutional neural networks ResNet 50, ResNet 101, and Inception-ResNet-V2-using human annotated data, 2) Add transparency and interpretability to our models by using Gradient Weighted Class Activation Maps (GRAD-cams) and to explore bias in gender labels and 3) implement a multi-label classification model using ResNet 50. Future work would include the use of unsupervised clustering methods / auto-encoders to explore additional themes in the data. Other extensions of this work would include exploring methods to implement fine grained visual categorization, to mitigate bias, and to address the limitations associated with culture and stylistic interpretations. Deep learning techniques for art image classification may also help detect consistent features of bias in human annotated art.