cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Private Brand Buyers be Identified

Much marketing research in the past ten years has been directed to identifying managerially meaningful and behaviorally sound consumer market segments. Results have, in general, shown that psychological and demographic measures have not been terribly good criterion variables for segmentation. Marketers have attempted to find the deal prone consumer [10], the heavy user [4], new brand buyers [7], and private brand buyers [6]; these market segments represent large areas of economic and marketing effort in the real world. The evidence from these studies has suggested that measures which are more closely tied to purchase behavior would be better predictors. This research attempted to examine buyers or potential buyers of vastly different products to see if meaningful segments could be created using a model of consumer behavior including demographic, product class salience, product use, and marketing attitude variables. Factor analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, and cross-tabulation were used to test the model, and the results were more encouraging than those of similar recent experiments. While economists have been interested in costs of dis-
Effect of Co++, Ni++, and Zn++ on Corticoid Excretion by the Guinea Pig.∗

SummarySeveral divalent ions were administered intraperitoneally to guinea pigs, at a dose of 4 μM 100 g body weight. Urinary corticoid excretion was doubled by Co++, Ni++ and Zn++, Fe++, Cu++, Hg++, and Pb++, produced little or no effect upon corticoid excretion.
Ethylene modulates transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in grapefruit flavedo

SummaryThe role of ethylene in citrus fruit physiology is poorly understood. Gene expression studies with ethylene and ethylene inhibitors suggest a regulatory role for the low basal levels of endogenous ethylene in citrus fruits; however, only a few ethylene-modulated genes have been reported. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene antagonist that inhibits ethylene signal transduction by preventing ethylene from binding to its receptors, is a useful tool to further identify genes associated with the regulatory roles of ethylene. We determined the effects of ethylene and 1-MCP on gene expression in grapefruit flavedo. Total RNA from fruit treated with air, 5 µl l–l ethylene, or 0.3 µl l–l 1-MCP for 48 h was used in differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DD-RT-PCR) analysis. Our hypothesis was that genes whose expression is induced by ethylene would be up-regulated in response to ethylene, whereas genes whose expression is inhibited by ethylene would be up-regulated in res...
The Great Lakes: a Historical Overview

The Great Lakes are collectively the largest inland body of freshwater on this planet. For more than two hundred years, the Great Lakes basin has been used as a resource for industry, agriculture, shipping, and recreation. The physical characteristics of the basin and the long retention time of chemicals in the lakes combine to make this huge freshwater resource a repository for chemical by-products of these activities. Many of the more than one thousand chemicals detected in the waters, sediment, or biota of the Great Lakes have known toxic effects.This overview will identify the 11 most persistent toxic chemicals known as "critical" Great Lakes pollutants. It also will describe some of the adverse health effects that have been observed in fish and other wildlife because of exposure to these pollutants. Finally. it will discuss some of the early human health studies that 1) have demonstrated a correlation between increased body burdens and fish consumption, and 2) suggest an association between consumpti...
A 22 Gene-expression Assay, Decipher® (GenomeDx Biosciences) to Predict Five-year Risk of Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Men Treated with Radical Prostatectomy

Among the estimated 230,000 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the US each year there has been a rise in the number of radical prostatectomies (RP). There is some debate over the value of immediate adjuvant therapy following RP in men with high-risk pathological features versus delayed salvage radiation therapy when signs of disease progression are observed. Thus, it would be potentially useful to inform post-RP management strategies by more clearly identifying those patients at higher risk of progression and death from prostate cancer. A 22 gene-expression assay, Decipher® (GenomeDx Biosciences), has been developed in men treated with radical prostatectomy to predict the five-year risk of metastatic prostate cancer. Published and unpublished literature was evaluated to determine the analytic validity, clinical validity and clinical utility of Decipher. Limited information is available on the analytic validity of Decipher. In both discovery and validation studies, Decipher was shown to have good performance in discriminating men with metastasis from men without metastasis five years after surgery (AUC 0.75 to 0.90). In terms of clinical utility, no evidence was found reporting improved outcomes (lower prostate cancer specific mortality and treatment related adverse effects) from using this test to guide post-operative treatment. Four studies provided weak indirect evidence of clinical utility in which 31% to 43% of post-operative treatment recommendations were changed in men with high-risk prostate cancer based on test results, with 27% to 52% of treatment recommendations changing from any treatment to no treatment.
Clinical observation on the treatment of children ocular trauma with amniotic membrane transplantation

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of amniotic membrane transplantation on treatment of children ocular trauma.Method:From July,2004 to June,2009,23 children (27 eyes) with ocular trauma were treated in our department.Patients were treated with different kinds of transplantation of amniotic membrane preserved in glycerin according to different types of trauma.Result:Patients with simple palpebral or spherical conjunctival defect or cornea epithelial defect healed in 4 to 7 days.Patients with deep cornea defect healed well when deep amniotic membrane stitch removal after one month.Cornea neovascularizalion was found in patients with limbus corneae injured,and conjunctival metaplasia tissue (pseudo-pterygium) in 5 eyes.Conclusion:Amniotic membrane transplantation had a good effect on promoting conjunctiva and cornea epithelial regenerating,and it was good filler for repairing of conjunctiva and cornea defect.
Pharmacologic Approaches to Weight Management: Recent Gains and Shortfalls in Combating Obesity

Obesity is a growing epidemic in the USA with over one third of adults presently classified as obese. Obesity-related comorbidities include many leading causes of preventable death such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Modest weight loss of 5–10 % of body weight is sufficient to produce clinically relevant improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with overweight and obesity. Until recently, there were limited pharmacologic options approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat obesity. Phentermine/topiramate ER and lorcaserin were approved in 2012, and naltrexone SR/bupropion SR and liraglutide 3.0 mg were approved in 2014. This article reviews recent literature in the field of Obesity Medicine and highlights important findings from clinical trials. Future directions in the pharmacologic management of obesity are presented along with new diabetes medications that promote weight loss and reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Definition about national standard “surveillance methods for vector density-cockroach”

Principle of the national standard "surveillance methods for vector density-cockroach" is introduced and explained the procedure key point and difference between used methods.The article adopts combination of discussion and examples,explains the key point of the standard.The standard have good operation and inheritance property and extensive adaptability.It need to be accumulated data and revised for adopting different environment,climate and surveillance purpose in future.
A targeted educational intervention to reduce ventilator-associated complications

The optimal approach for the prevention of ventilator-associated complications (VACs) is currently unknown. A retrospective pre–post intervention analysis was conducted to assess a multifaceted educational intervention targeting the most common causes for VACs and VAC risk factors. Results indicated that the addition of this intervention to existing infection control and treatment protocols did not demonstrate a decrease in VAC occurrence or duration of mechanical ventilation.
Numerical investigation of the effect of surfactants on the stability and rheology of emulsions and foam

The simple shear flow of ordered and random, non-dilute and concentrated emulsions resembling foam is considered in the presence of an insoluble surfactant. Numerical investigations conducted by the method of interfacial dynamics for Stokes flow combined with an implicit finite-volume method for computing the evolution of the surfactant concentration illustrate the effect of the surfactant on the rheological properties of the emulsion and on the dynamics and stability of the evolving microstructure. Studies of ordered two-dimensional systems, where the suspended phase is distributed on an evolving doubly-periodic lattice, show that, depending on the capillary number, a surfactant may either destabilize or stabilize a concentrated emulsion by promoting or preventing the rupture of thin films developing between the interfaces of adjacent drops. The capillary number, viscosity ratio, and surfactant diffusivity are found to play an important role in determining the rheological properties of the emulsion and the geometrical properties of the evolving microstructure. Large-scale numerical simulations of random two-dimensional systems with 25 drops suspended in a doubly-periodic flow suggest that the qualitative effect of a surfactant is not altered by strong hydrodynamic interactions associated with intercepting or clustering drops.
The curious case of loners: Social isolation and juvenile incarceration

Purpose The current study examines a subset of youth incarcerated within California's Division of Juvenile Justice who stated they had no close friends during their current period of confinement. As social isolation and peer rejection can have behavioural and developmental issues associated with it, this study examines this concept among an understudied population, incarcerated male youth. Method Utilizing official and interview data from 213 male youth who responded to an egocentric friendship prompt, this study analyses the correlates of self-identifying as a ‘loner’ during periods of incarceration. The final logistic regression model uses a multiple imputation model to account for missing data. Results Findings from this study indicate that loner status is influenced by a youth's vulnerable commitment status and commitment offence. Youth sentenced through the adult court and older youth were more likely to state they had no close friends in the institution, while those with a sex offence and those who reported involvement with gang violence were more likely to state they had at least one close friend. Conclusion The self-reporting incarcerated loner offers a unique area of study as it examines social isolation among a highly delinquent group of juveniles. This study has important implications for correctional psychologists, staff, and researchers as a youth's removal from the larger social network may be at odds with the rehabilitative goals of the institution.
Shifting Fronts: The CSU Government of Hans Ehard and the Federalist Campaign, December 1946 – June 1948

In the December 1946 elections, the CSU scored a major victory — almost three percentage points above that needed for an absolute majority. Differences nevertheless remained, holdovers from the disputes of the Bavarian constituent assembly of the preceding summer. Muller attributed much of this animosity to the fact that the CSU’s Landtagsfraktion had ‘einen zu hohen Altersdurchschnitt … und deswegen durch eine Reihe von Leuten vertreten wird, die staatspolitisch zum Separatismus neigen und wirtschaftlich fur unsere Notverhaltnisse zu konservativ denken’1 By contrast, Muller maintained that in the party organization, that is in the Landesausschuss and the Landesversammlung, his supporters were in the majority. At the Eichstatt Landesversammlung held on 14–15 December 1946, this support manifested itself. Muller felt that the CSU should assume sole governmental responsibility, while Hundhammer and Horlacher advocated a coalition with the SPD. With the SPD still led by the emphatically Bavarian IIoegner, such a coalition would secure a community of interest between the two parties’ conservative wings. Moreover, a coalition would probably eliminate Muller’s supporters from the government since ministers were elected from the parties’ Landtag delegations. Although not all of the CSU’s delegates supported Hundhammer, there existed among them a conservative majority due to the party leadership’s relative inability to influence candidate selection for the Landtag. As persons with parliamentary experience possessed the best chances of election, many former BVP members had been chosen to stand. Such persons, in turn, more often than not favoured the Hundhammer wing of the party.2
Orthopedic Blast and Shrapnel Trauma

Military experience managing complex blast injuries during the long conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq has advanced the understanding of the biophysics of blast trauma and has allowed for the development of treatment algorithms to manage associated injuries. Military blast-injured patients typically arrive in extremis, often with severe pelvic or perineal injuries and extremity amputations. Resource demand for even one of these patients can be quite significant, and in austere environments can severely impact the reserves of the managing facility.
Near-field power transfer and backscattering communication to miniature RFID tag in 65 nm CMOS technology

This work introduces an inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) and backscattering communication to an extremely small CMOS RFID tag with a size of 200 µm by 200 µm. This is the smallest RFID tag to date, with the passive area taken into account. DC power of 0.1 mW can be generated on-chip with 21 dBm source power at 2 GHz. An amplitude-shift keying (ASK) back-scattering communication link is demonstrated. The on-chip matching varactor is switched to maximize the distance between the two reflection (backscattering) coefficients. A directional coupler is used to suppress the Tx-to-Rx leakage and to extract the backward scattering wave. An 8-bit, 5-GS/s ADC can demodulate the 625kb/s backscattering signal.
Perceived stress, illness invalidation, and symptom severity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

ABSTRACTBackground: Qualitative studies indicate that individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) commonly experience illness invalidation from medical professionals that is often experienced as stressful and may contribute to strained patient–provider relationships, transfers of care, and/or decreased treatment adherence.Purpose: To examine the impact of perceived stress and illness invalidation from medical professionals on ME/CFS symptom severity.Methods: Adults with ME/CFS (N = 266) participated in an online survey, where they completed the Illness Invalidation Inventory (I*3) [Kool MB, van Middendorp H, Lumley MA, et al. Lack of understanding in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis: the Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I). Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1990–1995.], the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:385–396.], and the CDC Symptom Inventory for Assessment of CFS. Results were...
Two-sample tests for sparse high-dimensional binary data

ABSTRACTIn this article, we study the methods for two-sample hypothesis testing of high-dimensional data coming from a multivariate binary distribution. We test the random projection method and apply an Edgeworth expansion for improvement. Additionally, we propose new statistics which are especially useful for sparse data. We compare the performance of these tests in various scenarios through simulations run in a parallel computing environment. Additionally, we apply these tests to the 20 Newsgroup data showing that our proposed tests have considerably higher power than the others for differentiating groups of news articles with different topics.
Review of Adding Value to Libraries, Archives, and Museums: Harnessing the Force That Drives Your Organization's Future

Access to information is growing exponentially and the empowerment of individual information users is growing, which leads one to ask: If this is the case, are libraries still relevant? This questi...
Mas-related G protein coupled receptor-X2: A potential new target for modulating mast cell-mediated allergic and inflammatory diseases.

Mast cells (MCs) are tissue resident immune cells that are best known for their roles in allergic and inflammatory diseases. In addition to the high affinity IgE receptor (FceRI), MCs express numerous G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are the most common targets of drug therapy. Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) is expressed on MCs and contributes to IgE and non-IgE-mediated responses in mice. Although NK-1R antagonists are highly effective in modulating experimental allergic and inflammatory responses in mice they lack efficacy in humans. This article reviews recent findings that demonstrate that while neuropeptides (NPs) activate murine MCs via NK-1R and Mas related G protein coupled receptor B2 (MrgprB2), they activate human MCs via Mas-related G protein coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2). Interestingly, conventional NK-1R antagonists have off-target activity against mouse MrgprB2 but not human MRGPRX2. These findings suggest that the failure to translate studies with NK-1R antagonists from in vivo mouse studies to the clinic likely reflects their lack of effect on human MRGPRX2. A unique feature of MRGPRX2 that distinguishes it from other GPCRs is that it is activated by a diverse group of ligands that include; neuropeptides, cysteine proteases, antimicrobial peptides and cationic proteins released from activated eosinophils and neutrophils. Thus, the development of small molecule MRGPRX2-specific antagonists or neutralizing antibodies may provide new targets for the treatment of MC-mediated allergic and inflammatory diseases.
Use of an Automated Nested Multiplex Respiratory Pathogen PCR Panel Postmortem in the Pediatric Forensic Setting

Respiratory pathogens have been detected in forensic investigations using multiple techniques; however, no study has examined the use of automated, nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (ANM-PCR), commonly used in living patients, in the forensic setting. This retrospective study assessed the utility of ANM-PCR in detecting respiratory pathogens in the pediatric forensic setting. Respiratory samples from 35 cases were tested for up to 20 respiratory pathogens. 51.4% of these cases yielded a positive ANM-PCR result, 20% of which were considered the cause of or contributory to death. The most commonly detected pathogens were rhinovirus/enterovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, and these were the only pathogens determined to play a significant role in cause of death. The sampled sites and postmortem intervals tested did not affect the likelihood of a positive or negative test. ANM-PCR panels are effective, affordable, and rapid ancillary tools in evaluating cause of death in the forensic pediatric population.
Comparative Clay Analysis and Curation for Archaeological Pottery Studies

We describe the curation and use of clay samples as part of the ceramic ecology program at the Florida Museum of Natural History's Ceramic Technology Laboratory (FLMNH-CTL). We outline the history of the comparative clay sample collection at the FLMNH-CTL and detail the standard operating procedure by which samples are processed, analyzed, and curated. We also provide examples of how the clay samples have been used in research projects as well as some of the challenges inherent to studies using such samples. Our collection of processed clays and associated thin sections, which is curated in perpetuity, represents a valuable resource for ongoing and future lab endeavors and is available to other researchers focusing on Florida and adjacent regions.
The Immorality of Statutory Restrictions on Adoption by Lesbians and Gay Men

Opponents of gay rights frequently argue that same-sex sexual conduct is immoral and that, as a result, the government should discourage such conduct as much as prudentially possible.1 I have written elsewhere that gay rights supporters should not permit their opponents to monopolize questions of morality as they relate to public policy disputes.2 This is particularly true now that the gay rights movement is seeking not only to protect individuals from outright coercion and harassment by the state, but is also requesting that the state
Political Elites in the West

By the West, I mean the countries of Europe that were coextensive historically with Western Christendom and its offshoots in North America and Australasia. I treat the contemporary West as consisting of the European Union countries, together with the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Although Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland are not formal members of the European Union, they are clearly part of the contemporary West. Nearly all of these 35 countries have reasonably stable political systems over which consensually united political elites, practicing a generally restrained politics, preside. Yet, in the bulk of Western countries during most of their modern histories, political elites were deeply disunited, with warring factions seeking political supremacy at virtually any cost. I examine changes in political elite behavior since World War II and challenges to their consensus and unity between now and this century’s mid-point.
“Dear Diary”: A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Consistency Modification on Three Dimensions of Wellness:

Few studies of the ways in which consistency modification might affect dimensions of wellness exist. The aim of this study is to furnish preliminary findings on the effects that consistency modific...
Second-Order Destination Inference using Semi-Supervised Self-Training for Entry-Only Passenger Data

Automated data collection in urban transportation systems produces a large volume of passenger data. However, quite a few of the data are still incomplete, limiting the insight into passenger mobility. The unavailability of destination information in entry-only passenger data is a very common issue. Traditional approaches for estimating passenger destinations rely on heuristics that can recover only some of the missing destinations. To deal with the remaining incomplete data, this paper, for the first time, proposes a second-order inference methodology to leverage semi-supervised self-training to infer the missing destinations. The methodology involves the design of a base learner to predict the missing destinations based on the statistics of a selected similarity-based "training set", and the design of a selection strategy to select new data with high prediction confidence to update the training set. To further improve the inference, we incorporate personal history priors to modify the base learner. We evaluate our designs using two data sources: a real-data inspired traffic-passenger behavior simulation in the city of Porto, Portugal, and the real bus Automated Fare Collection (AFC) data collected from the same city. The experimental results show that compared to baseline methods that do not use self-training, our approach significantly improves the inference performance and achieves notably high accuracies.
Compact prototype microfabricated gas chromatographic analyzer for autonomous determinations of VOC mixtures at typical workplace concentrations

This report concerns a benchtop prototype instrument containing a gas chromatographic microanalytical system (μGC) designed for the selective determination of multiple airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at concentrations in the vicinity of recommended occupational exposure limits. The core microsystem consists of a set of discrete Si-microfabricated devices: a dual-cavity, adsorbent-packed micro-preconcentrator-focuser (μPCF) chip that quantitatively captures and thermally desorbs/injects VOCs with vapor pressures between ~0.03 and 13 kPa; tandem micro-column (μcolumn) chips with cross-linked PDMS wall-coated stationary phases capable of temperature-programmed separations; and an integrated array of five μchemiresistors (μCR) coated with different thiolate-monolayer protected gold nanoparticle (MPN) interface films that quantifies and further differentiates among the analytes by virtue of the response patterns generated. Other key components include a pre-trap for low-volatility interferences, a split-flow injection valve, and an onboard He carrier–gas canister. The assembled unit measures 19×30×14 cm, weighs ~3.5 kg, operates on AC power, and is laptop/LabVIEW controlled. Component- and system-level tests of performance demonstrated injection bandwidths <1 s, a μcolumn capacity of ≥8 μg injected mass, linear calibration curves, no humidity effects, excellent medium-term (that is, 1 week) reproducibility, autonomous operation for 8 h, detection limits below Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for 10 mL air samples collected in 1 min, and response patterns that enhanced vapor recognition. The determination of a 17-VOC mixture in the presence of seven interferences was performed in 4 min. Results augur well for adapting the microsystem to an all-MEMS wearable μGC currently under parallel development. Innovative (ultimately wearable) technology for analyzing complex mixtures of industrial air pollutants would help protect exposed workers. Currently available instrumentation capable of measuring the components of airborne mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on site are too large and expensive for routine personnel-specific exposure assessments. This spurred Ted Zellers and colleagues from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, USA, to design a prototype instrument that contains a gas-chromatographic microsystem (μGC) for identifying and quantifying multiple VOCs every few minutes at relevant concentrations. The Si-microfabricated devices comprising the hybrid-integrated μGC selectively capture, inject, separate, and detect/recognize up to ~20 air pollutants in real-world backgrounds. The prototype operates autonomously. Results have informed the design of a next-generation, belt-mountable instrument currently being tested. Such technology will significantly enhance capabilities for quantitative workplace exposure assessments by occupational-health scientists.
Foundation Design Challenges at Hunter Expressway Alliance Project in Australia

The Hunter Expressway is a road infrastructure project that will provide a 40 km four lane carriageway between the F3 Interchange at Newcastle and the New England Highway at Branxton, New South Wales Australia. It is due to be opened by the end of 2013. The Hunter Expressway Alliance (HEA), comprising Roads and Maritime Services (RMS), Thiess Pty Ltd, Parsons Brinckerhoff and Hyder Consulting is constructing one of two sections consisting of 13 km of new freeway and local road adjustments. Eight bridges (including three viaducts) are affected by mine subsidence due to past mine workings and future mining works. This chapter describes the foundation design challenges due to subsidence movements and innovative engineering solutions at one of the viaducts. In particular, the subsidence induced horizontal movements, strategies for managing subsidence risks, design methodologies for piled foundations and superstructure to accommodate the anticipated subsidence movements will be discussed. Rock socketed pile design using the Rowe and Armitage Method and pile group analysis will also be covered.
Theorizing State Participation in International Environmental Agreements (IEAs)

What factors can explain the observed variation in the level of state participation in IEAs? Relying on the two main theories of international cooperation, Realism and Liberalism, this study systematically analyzes the determinants of state participation in IEAs through multiple regression analysis. The analysis presents four different models for state participation in IEAs. The first two models, the Power-Interest Model and the Liberal-Interdependent Model, analyze the influence of realist and liberal variables on state participation in IEAs. The third model, the Developing-Logistics Model, specifically analyzes the influence of domestic conditions endemic to developing countries. Finally, the fourth model, the Integrated Model, presents an integrated analysis of participation based on the previous three models. Results of the study show that participation in IEAs is positively influenced by high levels of economic and human development, strong domestic institutions, state participation in international institutions, and civic engagement. Participation is negatively impacted by low levels of economic and human development, corruption, high dependence on foreign aid, high levels of under-nutrition, and high levels of military expenditures. From a theoretical perspective, the analysis shows that participation can be understood in terms of both Realist and Liberal variables, and therefore an integrated theoretical perspective may bring a better understanding of international environmental cooperation than a rarefied partitioning of the variables.
Shareholder Proposals: Trends from Recent Proxy Seasons (2007-2011)

A comprehensive analysis of shareholder proposals introduced in the recent proxy seasons can assist corporate directors and officers preparing for annual general meetings. In addition to providing voting results, this study examines data on proposal volume, topics, and sponsorship from samples of Russell 3000 and S&P 500 companies. It inaugurates a collaboration between The Conference Board and FactSet.
Novel treatment of a totally occluded venous outflow tract of an arteriovenous graft

Introduction:Conventional guidewire techniques are not always sufficient to restore arteriovenous graft patency in patients with challenging vascular scenarios. We discuss a novel approach to the t...
Annotated Catalog of the Fossil Invertebrates Described by, and Named for, William More Gabb (1839-1878).

William More Gabb [1839–1878] described 1163 fossil invertebrate taxa: Protozoa [1 species], Porifera [1 genus, 2 species], Cnidaria [12 species], Bryozoa (with G.H. Horn) [1 family, 8 genera, 67 species], Brachiopoda [15 species], Annelida [7 species], Mollusca [Bivalvia: 15 genera, 2 subgenera, 412 species; Gastropoda: 1 family, 2 subfamilies, 42 genera, 8 subgenera, 489 species; Scaphopoda: 10 species; Cephalopoda: 1 family, 3 genera, 51 species], Arthropoda [Crustacea: 2 species; Cirripedia 1 species], and Echinodermata [11 species]. Listed herein are all fossil taxa named by Gabb, type localities, institutional depository, and remarks concerning current taxonomic status, when known. An annotated list of Gabb’s fossil references is also included. Also listed herein are 134 fossil invertebrate taxa and 33 living mollusk taxa named for him.
Towards a Generalized Reconfigurable Agent-Based Architecture: Stock Market Simulation Acceleration

Agent-based simulations have been used in domains ranging from biology to economics. In order to more accurately simulate systems, agent based simulations are becoming larger and more complex. Simulations could benefit from the speed and scale provided by a generalized agent-based architecture. In order to understand which features are relevant for such an architecture, we create a scalable implementation of an agent-based stock market model and compare it to an existing market simulation. The scalable stock market simulation uses several distributed markets rather than a single centralized market. A hardware implementation with support for reconfigurable agent logic and various market topologies is described. Synthesis results for simulations with up to 100 agents are presented. Lessons learned form this domain specific implementation will be applied in future work to a generalized agent-based architecture.
How much is a calorie worth? A study of willingness to pay for calorie labels in restaurant menus

We asked individuals about their willingness to pay (WTP) either: (1) for a mandate requiring restaurants to post calorie information on their menus; or (2) to avoid such a mandate. On average, more people were in in favor of the mandate and were willing to pay four times more than those who were against it, thereby leading to a Kaldor–Hicks improvement from this policy. To ensure robustness, we tested the impact of providing three types of information during individuals’ WTP determinations: (1) visual examples of the proposed calorie labels; (2) data on their effectiveness at the individual level; and (3) data on their wider social and economic benefits. For those in favor, providing a simple visual of the label had no impact on WTP. Data on the individual effectiveness of the labels increased the WTP, while evidence on broader obesity reduction and economic benefits reduced it. For opponents, WTP did not change with provision of additional information except when provided with information on social and economic benefits. Under this condition, the opponents increased their WTP 12-fold to avoid a mandate of this policy. Finally, we measured individual well-being under this policy and found directionally similar results, confirming a net improvement in aggregate welfare. Our results suggest that messaging that focuses on private benefits (providing calorie information so that individuals can effectively choose to reduce excessive caloric consumption) rather than wider public benefits (reduction in overall health-related costs and obesity) is more likely to be effective.
Intrinsic anharmonic localization in thermoelectric PbSe.

Lead chalcogenides have exceptional thermoelectric properties and intriguing anharmonic lattice dynamics underlying their low thermal conductivities. An ideal material for thermoelectric efficiency is the phonon glass–electron crystal, which drives research on strategies to scatter or localize phonons while minimally disrupting electronic-transport. Anharmonicity can potentially do both, even in perfect crystals, and simulations suggest that PbSe is anharmonic enough to support intrinsic localized modes that halt transport. Here, we experimentally observe high-temperature localization in PbSe using neutron scattering but find that localization is not limited to isolated modes – zero group velocity develops for a significant section of the transverse optic phonon on heating above a transition in the anharmonic dynamics. Arrest of the optic phonon propagation coincides with unusual sharpening of the longitudinal acoustic mode due to a loss of phase space for scattering. Our study shows how nonlinear physics beyond conventional anharmonic perturbations can fundamentally alter vibrational transport properties. To optimize the performance of lead chalcogenides for thermoelectric applications, strategies to further reduce the crystal’s thermal conductivity is required. Here, the authors discover anharmonic localized vibrations in PbSe crystals for optimizing the crystal’s vibrational transport properties.
Persuading the Enemy: Estimating the Persuasive Effects of Partisan Media with the Preference-Incorporating Choice and Assignment Design

Does media choice cause polarization, or merely reflect it? We investigate a critical aspect of this puzzle: How partisan media contribute to attitude polarization among different groups of media consumers. We implement a new experimental design, called the Preference-Incorporating Choice and Assignment (PICA) design, that incorporates both free choice and forced exposure. We estimate jointly the degree of polarization caused by selective exposure and the persuasive effect of partisan media. Our design also enables us to conduct sensitivity analyses accounting for discrepancies between stated preferences and actual choice, a potential source of bias ignored in previous studies using similar designs. We find that partisan media can polarize both its regular consumers and inadvertent audiences who would otherwise not consume it, but ideologically opposing media potentially also can ameliorate the existing polarization between consumers. Taken together, these results deepen our understanding of when and how media polarize individuals.
Genotype-phenotype correlation: Inheritance and variant-type infer pathogenicity in IQSEC2 gene

Abstract Pathogenic variants in the IQSEC2 gene including nonsense, frameshift, splice-alterations, deletions, and missense changes have been identified in individuals with X-linked mental retardation. Although highly variable, clinical features may include hypotonia, moderate to severe delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, speech deficits, refractory seizures, autistic features, and stereotypical movements. Females with de novo variants have been described with classical features. In contrast, the phenotype in carrier females identified through an affected male may range from asymptomatic to mild intellectual disability. We present male (N = 2) and female (N = 3) probands ascertained via diagnostic exome sequencing with distinct variant types in the IQSEC2 gene encompassing a spectrum of phenotypic severity with patient sex, variant type and inheritance hypothesized to drive disease penetrance and expressivity. All of these patients demonstrated epilepsy, global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and constipation. Our data support that de novo, truncating variants correlate with severe disease in both female and male patients harboring an IQSEC2 alteration. Missense variants in male and female patients may account for a milder disease overall, with more severe symptoms in males than females. We also present the first confirmed case of parental mosaicism, which has implications regarding counseling for recurrence risk. These data further delineate a genotype-phenotype correlation of IQSEC2 variation.
BET Proteins Are Required for Transcriptional Activation of the Senescent Islet Cell Secretome in Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the progressive loss of pancreatic beta cells as a result of autoimmune destruction. We recently reported that during the natural history of T1D in humans and the female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, beta cells acquire a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that is a major driver of disease onset and progression, but the mechanisms that activate SASP in beta cells were not explored. Here, we show that the SASP in islet cells is transcriptionally controlled by Bromodomain ExtraTerminal (BET) proteins, including Bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4). A chromatin analysis of key beta cell SASP genes in NOD islets revealed binding of BRD4 at active regulatory regions. BET protein inhibition in NOD islets diminished not only the transcriptional activation and secretion of SASP factors, but also the non-cell autonomous activity. BET protein inhibition also decreased the extent of SASP induction in human islets exposed to DNA damage. The BET protein inhibitor iBET-762 prevented diabetes in NOD mice and also attenuated SASP in islet cells in vivo. Taken together, our findings support a crucial role for BET proteins in the activation of the SASP transcriptional program in islet cells. These studies suggest avenues for preventing T1D by transcriptional inhibition of SASP.
The early outcome of primary anterior sagittal approach for low anorectal malformations in female patients.

Objective: To document our experience of the primary anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (ASARP) in female patients with lower and wide fistula in term of the early post operative outcome. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in one surgical unit of the National Institute of Child Health Karachi, from January 2010 to April 2018. The study included female patients with diagnosis of imperforate anus with wide Vestibular or Perineal fistula with minimal or no straining during defecation and no excoriation of perineum. All patients underwent primary ASARP. Data regarding the age of the patients, site of fistula, the difficulties in dissection, post operative complications, stoma and re-do ASARP needed, were documented. Wound assessment was done during hospital stay, at two weeks and then at three months after surgery. Outcome was documented in terms of complications of surgery and cosmetic appearance of perineum. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 70 patients underwent primary surgery, 48(68.57%) females had perineal fistula while 22(31.42%) had vestibular fistula. Age ranges between three months to 276 months with median of 6±39.73 months. No major injury to the rectal or vaginal wall occurred during surgical procedure. In early post-operative period, 12(17.14%) patients had wound infection with or without various extent of disruption. A total of seven (10.11%) patients underwent stoma formation, six (8.57%) patients because of wound disruption with in a week of primary surgery and in one patient due to severe anal stenosis and retraction of anal segment within three month follow up. Median hospital stay was 5±1.52 days. In 38(54.28%) paients complete wound healing occurred with no per or post operative complications. In 25(35.71%) patients, minor complications were noted and treated accordingly and results were labelled satisfactory with acceptable perineal appearance. Conclusion: The single stage procedure can be a good choice for both vestibular and perineal fisula. In majority of cases wound heals completely with minimal or no scaring and give good cosmetic results. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1503 How to cite this:Zamir N, Rasool N. The early outcome of primary anterior sagittal approach for low anorectal malformations in female patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):456-460. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1503 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Food for Thought: A Qualitative Evaluation of Caregiver Preferences for Food Insecurity Screening and Resource Referral

A bstract Objective Although there is growing interest in screening for food insecurity (FI) in the clinical setting, little research exists describing the effect of screening practices on caregiver comfort and willingness to disclose social risk, or what factors affect eventual engagement with food resources. Methods In this qualitative study, we conducted 40 semistructured interviews with caregivers of pediatric patients who reported FI in the emergency department of an urban, freestanding children's hospital. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. We used content analysis with constant comparison to code interviews inductively and identified emerging themes through an iterative process. Results Three primary themes emerged as factors affecting caregiver comfort in FI screening and engagement with resources: perceived negative repercussions associated with screening, perception of need, and effective connection with food resources. While most caregivers reported comfort with FI screening, intentional steps to provide anonymity and reduce stigma in the screening process were important in facilitating disclosure of social need. Engagement with resources was influenced by caregiver prioritization of food access within a milieu of life stressors, and the perception of personal need relative to their peers. Furthermore, caregivers suggested practices to facilitate effective connection with food resources such as use of mobile health technology, geographically based resources, and personalized connections. Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of screening methods that reduce judgment and preserves caregiver privacy, referring families to resources that are geographically accessible, and developing creative strategies that enhance families' connection to resources, such as with use of mobile technology.
Integrating a wind turbine into a parking pavilion for generating electricity

Abstract The paper aims at developing a new design to find an aerodynamic form of a pavilion that is optimized to generate on-site electricity with attached wind turbines. To do so, the authors present a way in which advanced digital technologies can be integrated to manage a series of complex design parameters and data. Through the design process, the paper integrates parametric (Non-uniform rational basis spline, NURBS) modeling, computational simulation tools (Computational Fluid Dynamics), and machine-learning methods (the Artificial Neuron Network). The most significant limitation of wind turbine applications in urban areas can be found in its shape. By designing and building a prototype that does not look like a typical wind turbine but still produces electricity, the public's general perception of wind turbines could change. The unique design output will reduce the negative perception of wind turbines and display an aesthetic integrity between the intuitive creativity and the optimization process.
Extremely premature infants, scarcity and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Scarcity is Nature's creative provenance, the wellspring of human conflict and subsequent adaptation. Deficiencies of food, shelter, and basic safety are primary, but secondary privations real or imagined (material comforts, money, power, sex), are often perceived insufficient by humankind and drive history's discord (1). The COVID-19 pandemic spotlights scarcity and resource allocation, and we hope rational scrutiny of value in healthcare (benefits accrued/resources consumed). Physicians are more aware of this historic opportunity to thoughtfully study value considerations as objective metrics that can facilitate reasoned analysis, innovation, and justice (2).
Improving microbial electrolysis stability using flow-through brush electrodes and monitoring anode potentials relative to thermodynamic minima

Abstract Graphite fiber brush electrodes are commonly used in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electrochemical hydrogen production. Previous brush anode designs for continuous flow systems were configured to have flow over an array of brush electrodes. Here we compared the performance of two systems, one with flow through a single smaller or larger brush anode to an MEC with multiple brushes. The single brush MECs had only a single large brush that had a diameter larger than the chamber height, so that the brush fibers were compressed to nearly (4.5 cm diameter) or completely (5.5 cm diameter) fill the 1.3 cm high anode chamber. To evaluate the time needed for acclimation of the anode potentials were continuously monitored for 138 d (4.5 cm brush) or 143 d (5.5 cm brush). The best performance was obtained using the 5.5 cm brush fibers with a volumetric current density of 554 ± 26 A/m3, compared to