cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Intraoperative and Postoperative Duplex Ultrasound for Carotid Endarterectomy

Intraoperative (IO) duplex ultrasound (DU) is used to identify correctable technical defects at the time of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Postoperative (PO) DU is used to evaluate recurrent or residual stenosis. We compared IO and PO DU to determine the value and significance of these studies in the management of patients undergoing CEA. We performed completion IO DU following CEA and PO DU a mean of 8 weeks after surgery in 78 patients. IO studies were performed by the operating surgeon and PO studies were performed in an accredited vascular laboratory. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) was measured in the internal carotid (ICA), external carotid, and common carotid (CCA) arteries. The criteria used for an abnormal study were an ICA PSV >150 cm/sec and a ratio of ICA to CCA PSVs(ICA/CCA) >3.0. Completion angiograms were also performed on all patients intraoperatively. Technical defects identified on DU or angiogram were corrected whenever possible. From our results, we concluded that in many patients, early PO DU will demonstrate an elevated ICA PSV compared to the IO PSV. If the ICA/CCA remains normal, this increase is unlikely to represent a clinically relevant recurrent or residual stenosis. A postoperative ICA/CCA ratio >3.0 may be a more reliable indicator of significant stenosis and a lesion that is likely to progress or occlude than PSVs alone.
Optimal Partitioning for the Decentralized Thermal Control of Buildings

This paper studies the problem of thermal control of buildings from the perspective of partitioning them into clusters for decentralized control. A measure of deviation in performance between centralized and decentralized control in the model predictive control framework, referred to as the optimality loss factor, is derived. Another quantity called the fault propagation metric is introduced as an indicator of the robustness of any decentralized architecture to sensing or communication faults. A computationally tractable agglomerative clustering approach is then proposed to determine the decentralized control architectures, which provide a satisfactory trade-off between the underlying optimality and robustness objectives. The potential use of the proposed partitioning methodology is demonstrated using simulated examples.
Epinephrine-induced memory facilitation: attenuation by adrenoceptor antagonists

The present study examined the relative importance of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in the memory modulatory effects of epinephrine. Posttraining epinephrine administration enhanced retention performance of a one-trial inhibitory avoidance response. Further pretraining injections of a variety of adrenoceptor antagonists, including selective alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta 1- and/or beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, attenuated the retention enhancing effects of posttraining epinephrine. These results suggest that alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors of both subtypes are involved in the memory-modulating effects of epinephrine.
The Humean Critique of Lump Sum Taxation (or the Implausibility of Pure Lump Sum Taxes in Autocracy)

This paper revives Hume's idea that it is unlikely forsovereign governments to implement pure lump-sum taxationbecause lump-sum taxes are arbitrary. We phrase the problem asone of time-inconsistency of tax collection for a tax revenuemaximizing Leviathan government. We demonstrate that whilelump-sum taxation is more efficient than distortionary incometax in terms of the ex ante amount of tax revenueraised, honoring a lump-sum tax is less likely to be crediblethan honoring a distortionary income tax. We also extend theframework to understanding the relationship betweenexpropriation risk and the lack of foreign direct investment.
Rapid auditory processing and MGN morphology in microgyric rats reared in varied acoustic environments.

Adult male rats with induced microgyric lesions exhibit significant deficits in rapid auditory processing, as well as morphological alterations in the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus. These findings are considered striking in light of similar anatomical and auditory processing anomalies in language disabled humans. Given evidence from clinical and animal studies that acoustic experience may alter sensory processing at behavioral and neurophysiological levels, the current study examined effects of developmental exposure to auditory stimulation on behavioral and anatomical indices in microgyric and sham rats. Stimulation (E7-P 70) included: (1). chronic white noise (80 dB) with standard housing; (2). 3 h/day of 78 dB filtered light classical music with social housing; or (3). standard acoustic environment (control) with standard housing. Microgyric effects on auditory processing and thalamic morphology were evident regardless of environmental condition. In sum, the effects of microgyria on brain and behavior appear to be robust, and largely orthogonal to any main effect of acoustic stimulation on auditory processing. These findings suggest that a more active form of acoustic stimulation (e.g., training) may be required to ameliorate the deleterious behavioral and anatomical consequences of focal microgyric lesions.
Methylhistamine in guinea pig brain.

— The concentration of methylhistamine in whole brain of guinea pig is 72 ng (about 0-5 mμ mole/g). The greatest portion is found in the crude mitochondrial fraction.
The specificity of interaction between S-adenosyl-l-methionine and a nucleolar 2′-O-methyltransferase

The structural features of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)3 required for optimal binding to a nucleolar 2'-O-methyltransferase were elucidated using various analogs of SAM with modifications of the amino acid, sugar, sulfonium center, and base portions of the molecule. Equilibrium binding constants for SAM and each analog were determined by a nitrocellulose filter binding assay. To ensure the chiral and chemical purity of the 3H-labeled SAM used in the binding experiments, a cation-exchange HPLC procedure was developed to separate degradation products of SAM such as adenine and 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine, as well as to separate the (S,S)-SAM from the biologically inactive (R,S)-SAM stereoisomer. Results from these studies demonstrated that S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, a product of the methyltransferase reaction, bound equally as well as (S,S)-SAM, indicating that neither the charge nor the methyl group at the sulfonium center of (S,S)-SAM is essential for maximal binding. Other modifications of the sulfonium center demonstrated that a sulfur to carbon atom replacement had little effect on binding affinity, whereas substituting an ethyl group for the methyl group greatly reduced the binding affinity. In addition, the chirality at the sulfonium center was important. The naturally occurring S-chiral form had a 10-fold higher binding affinity than the R-chiral form. No significant stereospecificity was observed relative to the chiral alpha-carbon of the methionine moiety in SAM. The alpha-amino group of methionine and the 6-amino group of adenine were both required for maximal binding, while the loss of the 2'-hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety was not. Taken together, these results defined some of the specific geometric and functional group requirements which affect the specificity of interaction between S-adenosyl-L-methionine and the nucleolar 2'-O-methyltransferase.
Transcription and processing of intervening sequences in yeast tRNA genes

Genes for yeast tRNATyr and tRNAPhe have been sequenced (Goodman, Olson and Hall, 1977; Valenzuela et al., 1978) which contain additional nucleotides (intervening sequences) within the middle of the gene that are not present in the mature tRNA. We have isolated precursors to rRNATyr and tRNAPhe from a yeast temperature-sensitive mutant (at the rna1 locus) which accumulates only certain precursor tRNAs at the nonpermissive temperature. The tRNATyr and tRNAPhe precursors were analyzed by oligonucleotide mapping; they each contain the intervening sequence and fully matured 5' and 3' termini. Furthermore, these precursors were used as substrates to search for an enzymatic activity which can remove the intervening sequences and religate the ends. We have shown that wild-type yeast contains such an activity, and that this activity specifically removes the intervening sequences to produce mature-sized RNAs.
Drive electronics system for helmet-mounted displays using mixed-mode integrated circuits for video signal processing

A drive electronics system for a biocular helmet-mounted display (HMD) is described. The system features microprocessor control with a 1553 interface, raster and stroke graphics multiplexing, image space stabilization, and compensation for pilot head roll. This paper details several video processing functions that have been implemented with mixed-mode integrated circuits including video channel selection and amplification, sync separation, sweep ramp generation, raster and stroke graphics multiplexing, and image space stabilization. Improvements due to use of integrated circuit technology include: circuit card area reduction by a factor of three, power consumption reduction by a factor of four, and an increase in circuit functionality of approximately 50percent.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Defining and re-defining diaspora: from theory to reality

Within the unwieldy and interdisciplinary expanse of diaspora studies, the central category of investigation – diaspora – remains conceptually ambiguous. As the term is taken up and deployed across...
Comments on radiation induced phase instability

(1976). Comments on radiation induced phase instability. Radiation Effects: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 249-251.
SSRP1 functions as a co-activator of the transcriptional activator p63.

The p53 homolog p63 is a transcriptional activator. Here, we describe the identification of an HMG1‐like protein SSRP1 as a co‐activator of p63. Over expression of wild‐type, but not deletion mutant, SSRP1 remarkably enhanced p63γ‐dependent luciferase activity, G 1 arrest, apoptosis and expression of endogenous PIG3, p21 Waf1/cip1 and MDM2 in human p53‐deficient lung carcinoma H1299 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Also, SSRP1 interacted to p63γ in vitro and in cells, and resided with p63γ at the p53‐responsive DNA element sites of the cellular endogenous MDM2 and p21 Waf1/cip1 promoters. Moreover, N‐terminus‐deleted p63 (ΔN‐p63) bound to neither SSRP1 nor its central domain in vitro . Accordingly, SSRP1 was unable to stimulate ΔN‐p63‐mediated residual luciferase activity and apoptosis in cells. Finally, the ectopic expression of the central p63‐binding domain of SSRP1 inhibited p63‐dependent transcription in cells. Thus, these results suggest that SSRP1 stimulates p63 activity by associating with this activator at the promoter.
A GEOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH-GRANT GETTING IN GEOGRAPHY

Geographers have become increasingly interested in who receives grants for basic research and why. Northeastern U.S. universities, and especially private universities in the Northeast, dominated those of all other regions in the number of proposals submitted to the Geography and Regional Science Program of the National Science Foundation as well as the number of funded projects and total awarded funds during the period 1979–1981. Successful grant applicants submitted proposals that demonstrated excellent potential to make a significant contribution towards improving the theoretical and methodological foundations of geography.
Effects of leuprolide acetate on low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma

We describe a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma coexistent with leiomyoma and adenomyosis treated with leuprolide acetate. We describe its histologic characteristics and clinical significance.
Rings graded equivalent to the Weyl algebra

Abstract We consider the first Weyl algebra, A, in the Euler gradation, and completely classify graded rings B that are graded equivalent to A: that is, the categories gr - A and gr - B are equivalent. This includes some surprising examples: in particular, we show that A is graded equivalent to an idealizer in a localization of A. We obtain this classification as an application of a general Morita-type characterization of equivalences of graded module categories. Given a Z -graded ring R, an autoequivalence F of gr - R , and a finitely generated graded projective right R-module P, we show how to construct a twisted endomorphism ring End R F ( P ) and prove: Theorem The Z -graded rings R and S are graded equivalent if and only if there are an autoequivalence F of gr - R and a finitely generated graded projective right R-module P such that the modules { F n P } generate gr - R and S ≅ End R F ( P ) .
Do visual chunks and planning impact performance on the graph description task in the SPEAK exam

This study examines how task characteristics (the number of visual chunks and the amount of planning time) and test-taker characteristics (graph familiarity) influence the perceptual and cognitive processes involved in graph comprehension, the strategies used in describing graphs, and the scores obtained on the graph description task in a semi-direct oral test. Specifically, it investigates whether providing planning time and reducing the number of visual chunks in bar and line graphs help mitigate the influence of graph familiarity on language performance on graph description tasks. These research questions were explored using a structural equation modeling approach in a framework of the influence of the interaction between task characteristics and test-taker characteristics on task performance. It was found that graph familiarity affected the overall communicative quality of participants’ performance on these graph description tasks. Graph familiarity thus represented a potential source of construct-irr...
Questionable future for Landsats 6, 7

“Now is the time to pull strings…use your connections,” Congressman Dave McCurdy (D- OK-4) told a Geosat meeting June 23 in Washington, D.C. McCurdy was talking to the board of the satellite users corporation about the current congressional negotiations for the Landsat 6 development budget. President Reagan requested $34.1 million for Landsat 6 for FY89. The House and Senate appropriations committees have budgeted $20.3 million, and the Department of Defense is expected to make up the shortfall. No provisions have been made for the $34 million scheduled for Landsat hardware. Final appropriations will not be decided until the House-Senate committee conference session on the 1989 budget.
Holocene behavior of the Brigham City segment: implications for forecasting the next large-magnitude earthquake on the Wasatch fault zone, Utah

The Brigham City segment (BCS), the northernmost Holocene‐active segment of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), is considered a likely location for the next big earthquake in northern Utah. We refine the timing of the last four surface‐rupturing (∼ M w 7) earthquakes at several sites near Brigham City (BE1, 2430±250; BE2, 3490±180; BE3, 4510±530; and BE4, ![Graphic][1] B.P.) and calculate mean recurrence intervals (1060–1500 yr) that are greatly exceeded by the elapsed time (∼2500 yr) since the most recent surface‐rupturing earthquake (MRE). An additional rupture observed at the Pearsons Canyon site (PC1, ![Graphic][2] B.P.) near the southern segment boundary is probably spillover rupture from a large earthquake on the adjacent Weber segment. Our seismic moment calculations show that the PC1 rupture reduced accumulated moment on the BCS about 22%, a value that may have been enough to postpone the next large earthquake. However, our calculations suggest that the segment currently has accumulated more than twice the moment accumulated in the three previous earthquake cycles, so we suspect that additional interactions with the adjacent Weber segment contributed to the long elapse time since the MRE on the BCS. Our moment calculations indicate that the next earthquake is not only overdue, but could be larger than the previous four earthquakes. Displacement data show higher rates of latest Quaternary slip (∼1.3 mm/yr) along the southern two‐thirds of the segment. The northern third likely has experienced fewer or smaller ruptures, which suggests to us that most earthquakes initiate at the southern segment boundary. Online Material: Cross sections, age estimates, evaluation of Box Elder delta earthquake chronology, code for OxCal models, trench logs, sources of surface offset data, and description of Call Fort gravel pit fault exposures. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
The Cyber-Newsroom: A Case Study of the Journalistic Paradigm in a News Narrative's Journey from a Newspaper to Cyberspace

This narrative and discourse analysis documents the multi-year news coverage of a scandalous mayoral investigation in The Spokesman-Review as it moved from a printed version to an online one. The article sought to determine how multimedia and interactivity changed the essential news' web of facticity (a Gaye Tuchman term). A traditional understanding of the news paradigm informed this case analysis. The most significant finding was that the news story of Spokane, Washington, Mayor Jim West in the newspaper transformed into a story about the process of newsgathering on the Internet. A new, second-order newsroom – a cyber-newsroom – was created where readers and journalists jointly disseminated and repaired the news. In the process, the traditional journalistic paradigm shifted, and a new more layered, more complex news narrative resulted. A new model, called the “Cyber-Newsroom,” is proposed.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Suspected Severe Pulmonary Embolism: Transesophageal Echocardiography vs Spiral CT

Objective Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and echocardiographic signs of right ventricular overload have worse prognosis and may require aggressive therapy. Unequivocal confirmation of PE is required before thrombolysis or embolectomy. This study compares the value of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and spiral CT (sCT) in direct visualization of pulmonary artery thromboemboli in patients with suspected PE and echocardiographic signs of right ventricular overload. Material and methods Forty-nine consecutive patients (29 men and 20 women), aged 52.2±18.3 years, with clinical suspicion of acute (23) or chronic (26) PE and otherwise unexplained right ventricular overload at transthoracic echocardiography underwent TEE and sCT. Main and lobar (central) pulmonary arteries were searched for emboli with both TEE and sCT, while segmental and subsegmental (distal) pulmonary arteries were searched only with sCT. Results Of 40 patients with PE confirmed by high-probability lung scan (27) or angiography (13), central pulmonary arterial emboli were found at TEE and sCT in 32 (80%) and 36 (90%) patients, respectively. Neither method reported false central PE (specificity, 100%). When distal pulmonary arteries were analyzed, sensitivity of sCT increased to 97.5%, but three patients with primary pulmonary hypertension according to standard tests were misclassified as having distal PE (specificity, 90.1%). Most patients had bilateral PE according to sCT (34/36) and standard tests (40/40) but not TEE (15/32), probably due to its topographic limitations. Conclusions Because of high prevalence of bilateral central pulmonary thromboemboli in patients with hemodynamically significant PE, both sCT and TEE allow its definitive confirmation in most cases. Thrombi reported by sCT distally to lobar arteries should be interpreted with caution.
Statistical Analysis of Hippocampus Shape Using a Modified Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test

The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (MWW) test statistic, while distribution-free, suffers from a loss of efficacy for certain underlying distributions. In this manuscript, we instead use a data-adaptive weighted generalized Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (AWGMWW) test statistic, one that is optimal in the Pitman Asymptotic Efficacy (PAE) sense, to discern differences in hippocampus shape among twin populations with or without Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We verify, based on a previous study using the MWW statistic, that a high-risk group is more similar to the control group than the depressed group in terms of hippocampus shape. In addition, we show that the control group is more similar to the high-risk group than the depressed group - a distinction that could not be made in the preceding study. Our results suggest that the AWGMWW statistic is more powerful for this application.
Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in vestibular efferent neurons of the chinchilla

Abstract The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity (CGRPi) within efferent vestibular neurons in the chinchilla was investigated using fluorescent retrograde labeling combined with immunohistochemistry. Efferent vestibular neurons were found bilaterally in clusters: dorsolateral (group E1) and medial (group E2) to the genu of CN VII, as well as ventromedial to the descending CN VII fibers in the parvicellular reticular formation (PCR). The percentage of retrogradely labeled cells containing CGRPi was 77.1 ± 5.7 for group E1 neurons, 90.3 ± 3.8 in the E2 region. Among the PCR efferents more then half of the neurons (61.4 ± 19.9%) expressed CGRP peptide or message. The wide distribution of CGRP among vestibular efferent neurons suggests that CGRP plays an important role in vestibular efferent function. In addition, the differential distribution among the groups of vestibular efferent neurons suggests that efferent modulation of vestibular function is different between the E cell group efferent neurons and the PCR efferent neurons.
A new heuristic for multiple sequence alignment

Multiple sequence alignment is an important task in bioinformatics which forms the basis of many other tasks like protein structure prediction, protein function prediction and phylogenetic analysis. An optimal multiple sequence alignment for a given set of sequences is difficult to determine by standard dynamic programming algorithms because of impractically high computational complexity. Therefore, heuristics are commonly used to reduce the alignment construction time, even though the resulting alignment may not be optimal. ClustalW is one of the most popular progressive multiple sequence alignment algorithm where the pairwise sequence alignments are done according to a static guide-tree based on the sequences alone. For a multiple sequence alignment of N sequences, each of length O(n), the ClustalW algorithm takes O(N2n2) time. In this paper, a modification to the algorithm is proposed which reduces the time complexity of the algorithm to O(N log2 Nn2). The proposed heuristic also makes the alignment process more dynamic as the order of sequences added to the multiple sequence alignment also depends on the already computed multiple sequence alignments.
Multiple nuchal cord entanglements and intrapartum complications

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the outcomes of pregnancies complicated by a multiple (double, triple, or quadruple) nuchal cord entanglement. STUDY DESIGN: Computerized data from our University Hospital perinatal database were reviewed between 1990 and 1994. Only singleton, vertex, and term pregnancies undergoing labor were analyzed. Patients with active perinatal complications were eliminated to reduce bias. Pregnancies with infants with either a single or no nuchal cord entanglement served as comparison groups. A comparison of frequencies in the three groups was by χ 2 teting and a comparison of means by a two-tailed Student t test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Of the 8565 deliveries, the frequency of two or more cord entanglements at delivery was 3.8%. Compared with a single or no cord entanglement, pregnancies with a multiple entanglement were more likely to exhibit an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern during advanced labor ( p p p = 0.013), a low 1-minute Apgar score ( p p = 0.013) than the controls. Rates of abruptio placentae, cesarean delivery, and 5-minute Apgar scores CONCLUSION: A multiple nuchal cord entanglement was associated with a greater risk of meconium, an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern during advanced labor, the need for operative vaginal delivery, and mild umbilical artery acidosis at birth; however, there was no added risk of an adverse neonatal outcome.
A Likelihood Framework for Joint Estimation of Salmon Abundance and Migratory Timing Using Telemetric Mark—Recapture

Abstract Many fisheries for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are actively managed to meet escapement goal objectives. In fisheries where the demand for surplus production is high, an extensive assessment program is needed to achieve the opposing objectives of allowing adequate escapement and fully exploiting the available surplus. Knowledge of abundance is a critical element of such assessment programs. Abundance estimation using mark—recapture experiments in combination with telemetry has become common in recent years, particularly within Alaskan river systems. Fish are typically captured and marked in the lower river while migrating in aggregations of individuals from multiple populations. Recapture data are obtained using telemetry receivers that are co-located with abundance assessment projects near spawning areas, which provide large sample sizes and information on population-specific mark rates. When recapture data are obtained from multiple populations, unequal mark rates may reflect a violation of...
Origin and History of Abyssal Hills in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

The questions of how and where abyssal hills are formed were investigated by means of a detailed areal survey of two north-south trending abyssal hills in the northeast Pacific (vicinity 32° 25′N, 125° 45′W) using an accurately navigated, (±15m) near-bottom geophysical instrument package. The western hill is an elongate shield volcano, and the eastern hill is a block fault (horst) structure. Both hills are approximately 40 km by 10 km and have several hundred meters of relief. The western hill was formed by volcanic processes about 30 m.y. ago at the crest of the East Pacific Rise. Episodes of faulting initiated after accumulation of tens of meters of pelagic sediments, downdropped the central valley and created the horst. At the same time lava flows covered wide areas of the sediment surface. Heat-flow measurements show that the area may be volcanically active. The proposed mode of formation of the western volcanic hill, and other hills formed at the crest of a fast spreading rise, is by accumulation of lava flows and small, conical volcanic knobs. These knobs are less than a kilometer in diameter and tens of meters high. Abyssal hills, like the horst, that formed in other areas of the northeast Pacific may have been caused by faulting of the oceanic crust as it was deformed during a change in sea-floor spreading direction. Because of a closely spaced, two-dimensional structural grain of weakness that is frozen in the oceanic crust at a rise crest, both the younger and older topography have the same strike.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Functional and Evolutionary Features of Tele-Enhancers

We investigated sequence features of enhancers separated from their target gene by at least one intermediate gene/exon (named tele-enhancers in this study) and enhancers residing inside their target gene locus. In this study, we used whole genome enhancer maps and gene expression profiles to establish a large panel of tele-enhancers. By contrasting tele-enhancers to proximal enhancers targeting heart genes, we observed that heart tele-enhancers use unique regulatory mechanisms based on the cardiac transcription factors SRF, TEAD, and NKX-2.5, whereas proximal heart enhancers rely on GATA4 instead. A functional analysis showed that tele-enhancers preferentially regulate house-keeping genes and genes with a metabolic role during heart development. In addition, tele-enhancers are significantly more conserved than their proximal counterparts. Similar trends have been observed for non-heart tissues and cell types, suggesting that our findings represent general characteristics of tele-enhancers.
Transferring research results in requirements to practice: obstacles and incentives

During the past decade, researchers have proposed numerous formal techniques for describing and analyzing system and software requirements. These include 1) special languages for specifying requirements, such as RSML and SCR, and 2) software tools, such as consistency checkers, simulators, model checkers, and theorem provers, for detecting errors in requirements specifications, for validating that the specifications capture the intended system behavior, and for verifying that the specifications satisfy selected properties. These properties include type correctness, consistency (no unwanted nondeterminism), and completeness (no missing cases) as well as application properties, such as security and safety properties. Although some limited progress has been made in applying these formal techniques in the practical development of requirements documents, use of the techniques by software developers remains rare. This is in sharp contrast to hardware design, where, at companies such as Intel and Motorola, the use of formally based tools such as model checkers is more common. Recently, these and other hardware companies have begun to integrate formally based techniques into their design environments.
Iron–Sulfur Clusters in Complex I

Multiple iron-sulfur clusters are found in a variety of metalloproteins such as ferredoxins, hydrogenases, and nitrogenases as well as in complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and complex II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Complex I contains two binuclear iron-sulfur clusters, N1a and N1b, and at least six tetranuclear iron-sulfur clusters, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6a, and N6b. An additional cluster N7 is found in some bacteria. The electron transfer pathway in complex I was finally shown in the crystal structure of the hydrophilic portion of Thermus thermophilus complex I. Electrons from NADH are transferred over approximately 95 A from FMN (flavin mononucleotide) to cluster N2 in the hydrophilic domain of complex I. In addition, the binuclear cluster N1a and the tetranuclear cluster N7 are found not to participate in this pathway. However, not all iron-sulfur clusters have been identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), which has been the most informative technique for the study of iron-sulfur clusters in complex I for the past four decades. In this chapter, current knowledge on characteristics and roles of each iron-sulfur cluster is overviewed.
A system for real-time adaptive cardiac pacing

Typical cardiac electrophysiology laboratory stimulators are adequate for periodic pacing protocols, but are ill-suited for complex adaptive pacing. Recently, there has been considerable interest in innovative arrhythmia control techniques, such as chaos control, that utilize adaptive feedback pacing. Experimental investigation of such techniques requires a system capable of real-time pacing adaptation. To this end, we have used the Real-Time Linux (RT-Linux) operating system to develop a system capable of real-time complex adaptive pacing.
The Pulsar Era

It twinkled more than any other star known, and it was smaller than most astronomers had ever suspected, and the world of astronomy wondered what they were. The twinkling was in 1.4-s intervals, the size of the star between 10 and 30 km, as compared with a “normal” star like the sun, whose diameter is about 1,400,000 km. Astronomers worldwide were in a frenzy.
Documentation of Advance Healthcare Planning in the Electronic Health Records of Elderly Out-Patients with Dementia or Cognitive Impairment (P7.340)

OBJECTIVE: Determine rate of documentation of Advance Healthcare Planning (AHP) in Electronic Health Records (EHR) of an elderly, cognitively impaired population. BACKGROUND: AHP promotes medical care appropriate to a patient9s stage of life, values and goals. AHP is especially important for persons who subsequently develop cognitive impairment as they may lose the ability to make healthcare decisions, or to intentionally delegate a proxy. CPMC9s Brain Health Center (BHC) in San Francsico is a community-based neurology specialty referral clinic for patients with dementia or other cognitive impairment. CPMC utilizes the EHR Epic; completed AHP documents can be scanned into tabs in the opening "Snap Shot" and "Demographics". DESIGN/METHODS: We reviewed 468 new BHC patient EHRs, from 10/1/2012 through 12/31/2013. RESULTS: Mean age 73 years; median 76; (21 to 103). F:M 260:208. At least one AHP scanned document was located for 68 patients (14.5[percnt]): Advance Directive or Living Will (39), Durable Power of Attorney (55), Physician Order9s for Life Sustaing Treatment (32). "Family Comments" referenced existing AHP in 14 more (without a scanned document), and provided contact information for another person to receive medical information in 323 (69[percnt]). We located reference to existing AHP in "Clinical Notes" of 37 others, without scanned documents. "Demographics" contained an Emergency Contact for 99[percnt]. CONCLUSIONS: Only 14.5[percnt] of the EHRs in this predominantly elderly population with cognitive impairment contained formal documentaion of AHP. Without proper and easily accessible AHP documentation, a provider in an emergency setting does not know a patient9s, or an identified proxy9s, directives. Without a patient9s or an identified proxy9s advance approval to limit emergency medical intervention the only accepted action is to intervene aggressively. The implications for the low rate of documented AHP in the EHR of this population will be discussed, with pertinent literature review. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Peterson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sullivan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Madison has nothing to disclose.
A Review of "Public housing myths: perception, reality, and social policy", Edited by Nicholas Dagen Bloom, Fritz Umbach and Lawrence J. Vale

Public Housing Myths, edited by Nicholas D. Bloom, Fritz Umbach, and Lawrence J. Vale, rejects the widely accepted belief that public housing has been an unmitigated disaster. In fact, public housi...
l-Octen-3-ol, an Effective Attractant for Tabanidae (Diptera)

The effectiveness of the canopy trap for female Tabanidae was increased significantly when l-octen-3-ol was used as an attractant. There was a threefold increase in the number of tabanids captured by traps with octenol (12.8 ± 2.1 females/trap) versus unbaited traps (3.7 ± 1.2 females/trap), and with dry ice plus octenol (72.1 ± 9.7 females/trap) versus traps with dry ice alone (24.7 ± 2.6 females/trap). There was also a significant increase in number of species in collections from traps with dry ice plus octenol (9.8 ± 0.9 species/trap) versus traps with dry ice alone (6.2 ± 0.9 species/trap). Tabanus molestus Say constituted 70% of the 1,038 tabanids collected.
Vibrational and structural signatures of the crossover between dense glassy and sparse gel-like attractive colloidal packings

We investigate the vibrational modes of quasi-two-dimensional disordered colloidal packings of hard colloidal spheres with short-range attractions as a function of packing fraction. Certain properties of the vibrational density of states (vDOS) are shown to correlate with the density and structure of the samples (i.e., in sparsely versus densely packed samples). Specifically, a crossover from dense glassy to sparse gel-like states is suggested by an excess of phonon modes at low frequency and by a variation in the slope of the vDOS with frequency at low frequency. This change in phonon mode distribution is demonstrated to arise largely from localized vibrations that involve individual and/or small clusters of particles with few local bonds. Conventional order parameters and void statistics did not exhibit obvious gel-glass signatures as a function of volume fraction. These mode behaviors and accompanying structural insights offer a potentially new set of indicators for identification of glass-gel transitions and for assignment of gel-like versus glass-like character to a disordered solid material.
Advanced Stormwater Skimmer with No Moving Parts

AbstractSediment-laden runoff is the primary pollutant in many watersheds, so sediment basins are commonly used to remove sediment before it leaves the site. In fact, for construction sites such ba...
Interrelated modules in cyanobacterial photosynthesis: the carbon-concentrating mechanism, photorespiration, and light perception

Here we consider the cyanobacterial carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) and photorespiration in the context of the regulation of light harvesting, using a conceptual framework borrowed from engineering: modularity. Broadly speaking, biological 'modules' are semi-autonomous functional units such as protein domains, operons, metabolic pathways, and (sub)cellular compartments. They are increasingly recognized as units of both evolution and engineering. Modules may be connected by metabolites, such as NADPH, ATP, and 2PG. While the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle and photorespiratory salvage pathways can be considered as metabolic modules, the carboxysome, the core of the cyanobacterial CCM, is both a structural and a metabolic module. In photosynthetic organisms, which use light cues to adapt to the external environment and which tune the photosystems to provide the ATP and reducing power for carbon fixation, light-regulated modules are critical. The primary enzyme of carbon fixation, RuBisCO, uses CO2 as a substrate, which is accumulated via the CCM. However RuBisCO also has a secondary reaction in which it utilizes O2, a by-product of the photochemical modules, which leads to photorespiration. A complete understanding of the interplay among CCM and photorespiration is predicated on uncovering their connections to the light reactions and the regulatory factors and pathways that tune these modules to external cues. We probe this connection by investigating light inputs into the CCM and photorespiratory pathways in the chromatically acclimating cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon.
An Ecological Understanding of Caregiver Experiences in Palliative Care

Palliative care is specialized health care to improve quality of life for patients with serious illness and their families through prevention and relief of suffering. A Palliative Care Institute was held in western Washington to capture community voices about diverse needs, strengths, and opportunities for improvement of palliative care. Researchers employed qualitative methods to obtain thematic data, provide real-time analysis, and engage in a multivoting technique to reflect stakeholder interest in individual themes and prioritize larger group interests. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems framework was used to explore caregiver experiences. Within the microsystem, caregivers reported difficulties in interactions with medical providers as a key challenge. Within the mesosysytem, interactions between patients and medical providers and the impact on caregivers were explored. Within the exosystem, caregivers reported lack of control over the schedules of personal care staff. Macrosystem influences included impact of local culture on the development of palliative care services. Chronosystem influences include de-medicalization of childbirth and its impact on perceptions of palliative care. Implications include the need for social workers to be proactive in fostering trust and effective communication between care providers and caregivers, and the demand for health care provider training in communication with patients and families.
Synthetic aperture lidar

A new-style lidar,synthetic aperture lidar was introduced.The principle and progress of synthetic aperture lidar were described in detail and the signal processing methods were introduced.The key techniques and the difference at home and abroad in developing synthetic aperture lidar system were briefly introduced.Finally,the developmental perspective in military,scientific research and industrial production was put forward.
Plant-related allergic contact dermatitis.

L'article passe en revue les differentes classes chimiques des composes chimiques des plantes impliques dans les dermatites de contact allergiques
Interactions of dopamine and serotonin in subtypes of Tourette’s syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder

304 Objectives Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by persistent motor and vocal tics and is highly co-morbid with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Previously, we reported elevated amphetamine-induced dopamine release (DArel) (measured by displacement of [11C]raclopride (RAC) binding) and decreased [11C]McN5652 (McN) bidning (serotonin transporter, SERT) in TS and TS+OCD. Here, we further examine striatal DArel and SERT together in TS, TS with co-morbid OCD, OCD, and in subtypes of OCD. Methods Using RAC, we studied 18 healthy controls (HC), 15 TS only, 15 TS + OCD and 10 OCD only subjects. An additional 11 HC, 11 TS, 10 TS+OCD and 5 OCD only subjects were scanned with McN. Specific OCD subtypes, which may explain the heterogeneity of OCD, were used to further subdivide subjects: symmetry/ordering, forbidden (aggressive, religious, or sexual) thoughts, contamination, and hoarding. To calculate DArel, two RAC scans were performed, preceded by IV saline or 0.3 mg/kg amphetamine. Ten TS and TS+OCD completed both RAC and McN scans. Results Our major findings are: 1) a significant effect of OCD subtype group on DArel (p = 0.004, using ANOVA); 2) The forbidden thoughts subtype had higher DArel than other subtypes (p Conclusions The current results confirm and expand on previous work, and provide evidence for higher DArel in TS+/-OCD vs. controls in the posterior caudate and ventral striatum. Our study also represents one of the first reports of differences in DArel and SERT across symptom subtypes of OCD and OCD+TS. In addition, we see a positive correlation between McN nondisplaceable binding potential and DArel, which may reflect an interaction whereby decreased 5HT fails to regulate DArel, leading to further DA abnormalities in TS+OCD patients vs. TS only. Research Support NIH MH078175
Fingerprinting Data Based on Secret Mask

The value of massive data, e.g., customer service logs, is growing. Customer service log records are used to analyze market trends and diagnose service outage or performance degradation. Doing so, the data owner shares the log records with trusted third parties. The party, however, may violate the contract and illegally share with other non-trusted parties. To address this misbehavior, we propose a mask-based watermarking on the customer telecommunication log records. The watermark is added to the original data and later used to discover which party the owner shares the data. We analyze the utility of the watermarked data after applying our algorithm and also demonstrate that our algorithms are resilient against various attacks via risk analysis.
Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication.

Abstract Ultrasonic technology was applied to release the phenolics bound with starch and protein matrix in order to enhance total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of the sorghum flour. Both the continuous flow and batch ultrasonication were implied with independent variables such as flour to water ratio (FWR), ultrasonication intensity (UI), and ultrasonication time (UT) with an additional variable as flow rate (FR) in continuous flow ultrasonication. All the process variables showed a significant effect on the corresponding ultrasonication process. The optimal conditions for the continuous flow ultrasonication were a FWR of 10% w/v, an UI of 20 W/cm2, an UT of 130 s, and 15 ml/s FR which produced a maximum values of 70.9 mg GAE/100 g dry matter (d.m.) for TPC and 143.9 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for AA. Regarding the batch ultrasonication, the maximum values were 65.6 mg GAE/100 g d.m. and 141.0 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for TPC and AA, respectively at optimum conditions of 10% w/v FWR, 30 W/cm2 UI, and 200 s UT. When comparing with the batch ultrasonication, the continuous flow process saved 35% time and 33% of energy consumption to obtain comparatively higher TPC and AA of the sorghum flour. Ultrasonication improved free phenolic acid content by releasing bound phenolics in the sorghum flour. Impact of various process parameters on specific energy was analyzed during both the processes, and influence of energy on TPC and AA of the sorghum flour was also observed for the batch and continuous flow ultrasonication.
Vitamin D Receptor–Dependent Signaling Protects Mice From Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis

Low vitamin D status potentiates experimental colitis, but the vitamin D-responsive cell in colitis has not been defined. We hypothesized that vitamin D has distinct roles in colonic epithelial cells and in nonepithelial cells during colitis. We tested this hypothesis by using mice with vitamin D receptor (VDR) deletion from colon epithelial cells (CEC-VDRKO) or nonintestinal epithelial cells (NEC-VDRKO). Eight-week-old mice were treated with 1.35% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days and then euthanized 2 or 10 days after removal of DSS. DSS induced body weight loss and increased disease activity index and spleen size. This response was increased in NEC-VDRKO mice but not CEC-VDRKO mice. DSS-induced colon epithelial damage and immune cell infiltration scores were increased in both mouse models. Although the epithelium healed between 2 and 10 days after DSS administration in control and CEC-VDRKO mice, epithelial damage remained high in NEC-VDRKO mice 10 days after removal of DSS, indicating delayed epithelial healing. Gene expression levels for the proinflammatory, M1 macrophage (Mɸ) cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide synthase 2, and interleukin-1β were significantly elevated in the colon of NEC-VDRKO mice at day 10. In vitro experiments in murine peritoneal Mɸs demonstrated that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D directly inhibited M1 polarization, facilitated M2 polarization, and regulated Mɸ phenotype switching toward the M2 and away from the M1 phenotype. Our data revealed unique protective roles for vitamin D signaling during colitis in the colon epithelium as well as nonepithelial cells in the colon microenvironment (i.e., modulation of Mɸ biology).
Pegylated interferon beta in the treatment of the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Abstract We evaluated the effects of pegylated-interferonβ-1a (pegIFNβ) therapy on intrathecal antibody responses, disability progression, and viral load in the CNS in mice infected with the Theiler's virus (TMEV), an animal model of progressive disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The lack of a direct antiviral activity in the CNS, the absence of any effect upon the intrathecal immune response, and the failure to treat disease progression, indicate that the immunomodulatory effects of pegIFNβ-1a likely occur in the systemic circulation rather than within the CNS. These results may be relevant to the relative lack of effect of IFNβ in progressive MS relative to relapsing MS.