cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Political Activism of Palestinian Youth: Exploring Individual, Parental, and Ecological Factors

The growing literature on youth and political conflict has not included an adequate focus on youth activism. To address this deficit, this study used youth- and parent-reported data (N = 6,718) from the 1994–1995 Palestinian Family Study to test an ecological model of family influence (parents' activism, expectations for their adolescents' activism, support, psychological control), youth characteristics (self-evaluation), and elements of the broader social ecology (socioeconomic status, religiosity, and region of residence) predicting Palestinian 9th graders' political activism during the first intifada (1987–1993). Parental activism was the strongest predictor of youth activism, both directly and via parental expectations for activism. Classic parenting behaviors were not systematically useful in understanding activism; neither were socioeconomic status or religiosity. The model applied equally well for sons and daughters, with the exception that maternal activism contributed uniquely to daughters' activism beyond the significant effect of fathers' activism.
Autonomy supportive environments and mastery as basic factors to motivate physical activity in children: a controlled laboratory study

Choice promotes the experience of autonomy, which enhances intrinsic motivation. Providing a greater choice of traditional active toys may increase children's activity time. Mastery also increases intrinsic motivation and is designed into exergames, which may increase play time of a single exergame, reducing the need for choice to motivate activity compared to traditional active toys. Providing both choice and mastery could be most efficacious at increasing activity time. The energy expenditure (EE) of an active play session is dependent on the duration of play and the rate of EE during play. The rate of EE of exergames and the same game played in traditional fashion is not known. The purpose was to test the basic parameters of choice and mastery on children's physical activity time, activity intensity, and energy expenditure. 44 children were assigned to low (1 toy) or high (3 toys) choice groups. Children completed 60 min sessions with access to traditional active toys on one visit and exergame versions of the same active toys on another visit. Choice had a greater effect on increasing girls' (146%) than boys' (23%) activity time and on girls' (230%) than boys' (minus 24%) activity intensity. When provided choice, girls' activity time and intensity were no longer lower than boys' activity time and intensity. The combination of choice and mastery by providing access to 3 exergames produced greater increases in physical activity time (1 toy 22.5 min, 3 toys 41.4 min) than choice alone via access to 3 traditional games (1 toy 13.6 min, 3 toys 19.5 min). Energy expenditure was 83% greater when engaging in traditional games than exergames. Boys and girls differ in their behavioral responses to autonomy supportive environments. By providing girls with greater autonomy they can be motivated to engage in physical activity equal to boys. An environment that provides both autonomy and mastery is most efficacious at increasing physical activity time. Though children play exergames 87% longer than traditional games, the rate of energy expenditure is 83% lower for exergames than traditional indoor versions of the same games.
Si and Ge Nanocrystallites Embedded in CaF2 by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)

Thin films of CaF 2 containing layers of Si and Ge nanocrystallites were grown epitaxially on Si( 111) substrates by MBE while varying the substrate temperature. The sticking coefficient of both Si and Ge to CaF 2 are less than unity at the temperatures studied. Evidence that chemical reactions are minimal between Si and CaF 2 leading to the formation of volatile species such as SiF x is presented and it is surmised that the dominant mechanism for re-evaporation is thermal desorption. Both Si and Ge sticking coefficients vary exponentially with 1/T and activation energies are determined. A cluster growth model describing the evolution of the amount of Si in clusters over time is given. Solving in the limit of low cluster coverage, a solution that varies linearly with time and exponentially with 1/T is obtained. Weak room temperature photoluminescence from Si nanocrystallites in CaF 2 is seen, however, it is unclear whether the luminescence is coming from the Si nanocrystallites or the CaF 2 . Second harmonic generation is observed from samples containing single layers of Ge in CaF 2 .
Long-term temporal stability of measured inattention and impulsivity in typical and referred children.

Objective: This study investigates the stability of measured inattention and impulsivity in children. Method: The Gordon Diagnostic System (GDS) assesses inattention and impulsivity and has been administered in the same manner since its 1983 publication. GDS scores were compared between the 1983 standardization sample and a recent typical sample of 445 children, 562 children with ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C) type, 235 with ADHD-Inattentive (ADHD-I) type, and 231 with autism. Results: Typical children earned a GDS composite standard score of 100, consistent with the normal mean of 100 in the 1983 standardization sample. Means for children with ADHD-C, ADHD-I, and autism were 70, 78, and 76, respectively, approximately two standard deviations below the normal mean. Conclusion: As measured by the GDS, children are no more or less inattentive and impulsive today than in 1983, suggesting that inattention and impulsivity are stable neurobiological traits largely unaffected by cultural, educational, and environmental ...
A Hybrid Way of Learning: Taught at Home and Taught at School.

There can be a natural conflict between home schoolers and the school district’s attempt to restrict their freedom. Home schooling is an age-old educational method that was primarily utilized by parents seeking to teach their own children at home in order to restore traditional values and bring what they perceived to be an order to the family. Presently, a few parents for reasons unique to themselves are now requesting home schooling for other than religious instruction. This type of parental request may place administrators and school boards under rigorous community and faculty scrutiny. Blueville High School is completely fictitious as are the names referenced. The events did occur. My meeting with Mrs. Brown was cordial, but she was adamant in her decision. Mrs. Brown’s daughter, Charlene Brown, a current sophomore at Blueville High School, would be taught her junior year of American History at home during the next year.
Formal Analysis of a Secure Communication Channel: Secure Core-Email Protocol

To construct a highly-assured implementation of secure communication channels we must have clear definitions of the security services, the channels, and under what assumptions these channels provide the desired services. We formally define secure channel services and develop a detailed example. The example is a core protocol common to a family of secure email systems. We identify the necessary properties of cryptographic algorithms to ensure that the email protocol is secure, and we verify that the email protocol provides secure services under these assumptions. We carry out the definitions and verifications in higherorder logic using the HOL theorem-prover. All our definitions and theorems are conservative extensions to the logic of HOL.
Current Comparative Table (CCT) automates customized searches of dynamic biological databases

The Current Comparative Table (CCT) software program enables working biologists to automate customized bioinformatics searches, typically of remote sequence or HMM (hidden Markov model) databases. CCT currently supports BLAST, hmmpfam and other programs useful for gene and ortholog identification. The software is web based, has a BioPerl core and can be used remotely via a browser or locally on Mac OS X or Linux machines. CCT is particularly useful to scientists who study large sets of molecules in today's evolving information landscape because it color-codes all result files by age and highlights even tiny changes in sequence or annotation. By empowering non-bioinformaticians to automate custom searches and examine current results in context at a glance, CCT allows a remote database submission in the evening to influence the next morning's bench experiment. A demonstration of CCT is available at http://orb.public.stolaf.edu/CCTdemo and the open source software is freely available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/orb-cct.
Development of polysilicon igniters and temperature sensors for a micro gas turbine engine

This paper presents the development of microfabricated "on-chip" polysilicon igniters and temperature sensors for the combustion system of a micro gas turbine engine. We have reported the design and fabrication results of a novel through-wafer interconnect scheme that could greatly facilitate electrical contacts in multi-level MEMS devices by allowing direct electrical access to the backside of a wafer. This paper presents the results of a further effort that uses these interconnects to make electrical contacts to a thin-film polysilicon resistor so as to evaluate its ignition capability and its use as a wall temperature sensor for the micro gas turbine engine. An application of the through-wafer interconnects to a concept demonstration of thin-film polysilicon resistive igniters for the microengine showed that it was possible to initiate combustion and locally raise the temperature of the igniter to 900/spl deg/C so long as the chip is thermally isolated. The results were found to be in good agreement with the predictions of an FEM thermal model. The possibility of using the resistors as temperature sensors is also examined. The non-linear variation of polysilicon resistivity with annealing temperatures due to complex effects resulting from dopant atom segregation, secondary grain growth and crystallographic relaxation reduced the operating range of the sensors to 450/spl deg/C.
Interferometric technique for determining the average height profile of rough surfaces

A new angular correlation phenomenon called the "angular memory effect" (AME) is applied to interferometric SAR (InSAR). Two transmitters illuminate the surface and the scattered waves are observed at two receivers. The mutual coherence function (MCF) for the scattered waves shows that the phase is linearly related to the average topographic height. This is extended to the two-frequency MCF which shows the relationship between the pulse arrival times and the height profile. The theoretical results are confirmed by experiments and numerical simulations.
Involvement of glutamate receptors, lipases, and phospholipases in long-term potentiation and neurodegeneration

Glutamate is the primary excitatory amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. Normal excitation of glutamate receptors initiates the stimulation of phospholipases and lipases with the generation of second messengers that are necessary for normal cell function. The overstimulation of glutamate receptors can initiate a cascade of biochemical events including stimulation of membrane phospholipid turnover, excessive calcium entry, abnormal phosphorylation, and proteolysis. These events may be responsible for neuronal injury and degeneration found in Alzheimer disease, ischemia, spinal cord trauma, epilepsy, and Huntington disease.
Spa Revenue Management

In principle, spa managers should be able to apply revenue management to spa operations. To do so, however, requires a revision in the way most spas traditionally have viewed sales. Most spa manage...
The Role of Supervisors' and Supervisees' Mindfulness in Clinical Supervision

The authors explored whether supervisor and supervisee self-ratings of mindfulness (N = 72 supervision pairs) predicted perceptions of the supervisory relationship and session dynamics. Only supervisor self-ratings of mindfulness predicted their own ratings of the supervisory relationship and session dynamics.
Sulfur Compounds in Therapy: Radiation-Protective Agents, Amphetamines, and Mucopolysaccharide Sulfation:

OBJECTIVE:Sulfur-containing compounds have been used in the search for whole-body radiation-protective compounds, in the design of amphetamine derivatives that retain appetite-suppressive effects but lack most behavioral effects characteristic of amphetamines, and in the search for the cause of kidney stone formation in recurrently stoneforming patients.METHODS:Organic synthetic procedures were used to prepare radiation-protective compounds having a variety of sulfur-containing functional groups, and to prepare amphetamine derivatives having electron-attracting sulfur functions. In the case of the kidney stone causation research, isolation of urinary mucopolysaccharides (MPS) from recurrently stoneforming patients was carried out and the extent of sulfation of the MPS was determined by electrophoresis.RESULTS:Whole-body radiation-protective agents with a high degree of protection against lethal doses of gamma-radiation in mice were found in a series of quinolinium and pyridinium bis(methylthio) and methyl...
The pre-clinical characterization of an alpha-emitting sigma-2 receptor targeted radiotherapeutic.

Abstract Rationale The sigma-2 receptor is a protein with a Heme binding region and is capable of receptor-mediated endocytosis. It is overexpressed in many cancers making it a potential vector for therapeutic drug delivery. Our objective was to introduce an alpha-emitting radionuclide, astatine-211, into a selective sigma-2 ligand moiety to provide cytotoxic capabilities without adversely altering the pharmacological characteristics. In this study we investigated the in vitro/in vivo tumor targeting and estimated dosimetry of alpha-emitting sigma-2 ligand, 5-(astato- 211 At)-N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide ( 211 At-MM3), in a pre-clinical human breast cancer model. Methods Astatine-211 was produced in a cyclotron and isolated by dry distillation. Radiosynthesis of 211 At-MM3 was performed using a tin precursor through radioastatodestannylation. In vitro sigma-2 binding experiments using 211 At-MM3 were carried out in live EMT6 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and liver homogenate tissue. In vivo biodistribution experiments were performed using EMT6 mouse breast cancer cells in BALB/c female mice. Approximately 370kBq of 211 At-MM3 was administered intravenously and at time points of 5min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24h organs/tissue were harvested. Estimated human dosimetry was extrapolated from biodistribution data using OLINDA/EXM (VU e-Innovations). Results Astatine-211 was successfully produced and isolated in quantities suitable for in vitro and small animal in vivo experiments. Radiosynthesis of 211 At-MM3 was reproducible with high radiochemical purity. Astatine-211-MM3 exhibited picomolar affinity to the sigma-2 receptor in contrast to the iodinated analog that had nanomolar affinity. Prolonged tumor targeting was measured through biodistribution studies with a maximal tumor to muscle ratio of 9.02 at 4h. Estimated human dosimetry revealed doses of up to 370MBq in an adult female patient were below organ radiation limits with the potential to provide a high therapeutic dose to tumors. Conclusion The sigma-2 receptor could serve as a suitable targeting platform for designing radiotherapeutics. 211 At-MM3 showed tumor targeting properties in vitro/in vivo and favorable estimated human dosimetry establishing the proof of concept for future development as a radiotherapeutic for the treatment of breast cancer.
"Women Who Don't Give a Crap".

One of the often-bemoaned characteristics of modern life is the absence of leisure time due to chronic “busyness” and the constant connection afforded (or required) by our ever-present digital devices. As a result, time for nonessential reading is often in short supply, and we fiercely guard any minutes that we can steal from the other commitments of life. So when we do find time, what do we read? As the literary critic Harold Bloom said, “We read to find ourselves, more fully and strangely than we otherwise could hope to find.” Therefore, perhaps not surprisingly, when I get time, I read about women in science, past and present. Unfortunately, there are remarkably few books about the experiences of non-Nobel-Prize-winning female scientists, so I’ve had to look pretty hard to expand my reading list. In this Deep Reads article, I recommend four books about women and science that I read in 2015 (“When did you have time to read four books?” some will no doubt wonder). My hope is that PLOS Genetics readers, irrespective of gender or generation, will also find stories and ideas in these books that connect to their own professional and personal experiences (Fig 1).
Evaluation of a Genus- and Group-Specific Rapid PCR Assay Panel on Synovial Fluid for Diagnosis of Prosthetic Knee Infection

We evaluated a genus- and group-specific PCR assay panel using 284 prosthetic knee synovial fluid samples collected from patients presenting to our institution with implant failure. Using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society diagnostic criteria, 88 and 196 samples were classified as showing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and aseptic failure (AF), respectively. Sensitivities of the synovial fluid PCR panel and culture were 55.6% and 76.1% (P ≤ 0.001), respectively, and specificities were 91.8% and 97.4% (P = 0.016), respectively. Among the 70 subjects who had received antibiotics within the month preceding synovial fluid aspiration (48 of whom had PJI), PCR panel and synovial fluid culture sensitivities were 64.5% and 85.4%, respectively (P < 0.0001). In this group, the PCR panel detected Staphylococcus aureus in two culture-negative PJI cases. Overall, the evaluated molecular diagnostic tool had low sensitivity when applied to synovial fluid.
Silicides for Infrared Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors

Pt-, Pd-, Ni-, and Ti-silicide films on silicon were evaluated as conducting hosts for surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) in proposed long-wave IR (LWIR) attenuated total reflection biosensors. Original LWIR complex permittivity data was collected, from which SPP properties were determined and compared with those for noble metals. LWIR SPPs on silicide films were found to offer enhanced sensitivity to thinner biological entities than when usual metal films are used.
Something is Rotten in the State of Denmark: How Nation States Not Recognizing Dual Citizenship Deprive Residents In Their Territories and Their Citizens around the World of Significant Democratic Rights

People from nations not accepting dual citizenship risk being expatriated against their will if naturalizing in another country and thus do not apply for citizenship in their new host nations. Accordingly, these migrants live and work without the ability to exercise such basic democratic rights as to vote and hold elected office, which require citizenship.Making matters worse: the very same nations that officially do not accept dual citizenship in fact grant exceptions to as many as 40% of immigrants creating a situation of highly unequal access to dual citizenship.Using select EU nations as examples, this article describes why modern liberal democracies should work towards allowing dual citizenship and how nations would actually gain from accepting dual citizenship instead of trying to resist it; a fight that has largely proven futile anyway.
Quality of Life After Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Anal Cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life after intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for anal cancer.
Neoplasms of the mandible; report of four cases.

Abstract A series of 4 cases of neoplasms of the mandible, 2 benign and 2 malignant, has been presented. Each case is illustrative of the importance of early and correct microscopic examination, since surgical procedures are based largely on such diagnosis. Earlier diagnosis in Case 1 might have spared the patient extensive disfigurement; Case 3, although not seen in the early stages, was spared disfiguring and radical surgery, by the results of biopsy examination.
T-cell oncogene rhombotin-2 interacts with retinoblastoma-binding protein 2

The LIM domain protein rhombotin-2 (RBTN-2/TTG-2/Lmo2) has distinct functions in erythropoiesis and in T-cell leukemogenesis. Additional functions for RBTN2 are indicated by its expression in non-hematopoietic tissues. These diverse functions of RBTN2 are presumed to be accomplished through physical interaction with different protein partners that bind the LIM domains of RBTN2. To identify these proteins which may modulate the activity of RBTN2, a human cDNA library was screened using the yeast two-hybrid assay. Using the RBTN2 LIM domain region as `bait', the retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBP2) was identified as a partner for RBTN2. The interaction between RBTN2 and RBP2 was confirmed using in vitro binding assays, and by co-immunoprecipitation of the two proteins. Deletion analysis showed the second LIM domain of RBTN2 was necessary and sufficient for binding to the last 69 amino acids of RBP2. The interaction between RBTN2 and RBP2 had a functional consequence: the combination of RBP2 and RBTN2 gave higher transcription in vitro, than RBTN2 alone. The interaction with RBP2 suggests two additional functions for RBTN2: (i) RBTN2 may directly affect the activity of RBP2, and/or (ii) RBTN2 may indirectly modulate the functions of the retinoblastoma protein by binding to RBP2.
On Emergent Geometry from Entanglement Entropy in Matrix theory

Using Matrix theory, we propose a technique on how to compute the entangle- ment entropy between a supergravity probe and modes on a spherical membrane. We demonstrate that a membrane stretched between the probe and the sphere entangles these modes and can lead to an the entanglement entropy that encodes information about local gravitational geometry seen by the probe.
Therapeutic aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation.

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of aerosol drug delivery during mechanical ventilation in the pediatric and adult populations.Data SourcesPublished articles and abstracts identified in a MEDLINE se...
Mining MARC's Hidden Treasures: Initial Investigations Into How Notes of the Past Might Shape Our Future

Finding, interpreting, and manipulating the rich trove of data already present in MARC bibliographic records to produce systematized forms is an invaluable step in moving MARC toward a post-MARC, Linked Data future. Name access points, especially those fields in a controlled form, are the obvious place to find relationship information, but bibliographic notes and statements of responsibility are relatively overlooked sources of that information, waiting to be parsed and used. The Online Computer Library Center has been investigating means by which to find names and their associated role phrases, to match those names to authorized forms, and to match role terms and phrases to controlled vocabularies.
Nowcasting with social media data

Social media is a source of real time data that individuals create and voluntarily share on major social media generators such as Facebook, Twitter, Google, Yahoo, and Instagram. Nowcasting uses real-time data and is defined as the prediction of the present, the very near future, and the very recent past. Nowcasting with social media assists businesses and government agencies in understanding public opinion and trends, and in creating timely forecasts of economic indicators. The example includes geo-economic events: how the public's sentiment affects the stock market [1], predicting political alignment: management of political strategy [4], and social questions: popular events associated with increased public sentiment [8]. Nowcasting and social media are also being used together to discover unusual social events such as demonstrations and spontaneous festivals, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and storms [6], and to forecast early detection of disease activity — thereby allowing rapid disease response, which reduces the public impact of disease [2].
Rolling Circle Mutagenesis of GST-mCherry to Understand Mutation, Gene Expression, and Regulation

Undergraduates are often familiar with textbook examples of human mutations that affect coding regions and the subsequent disorders, but they may struggle with understanding the implications of mutations in the regulatory regions of genes. We have designed a laboratory sequence that will allow students to explore the effect random mutagenesis can have on protein function, expression, and ultimately phenotype. Students design and perform a safe and time-efficient random mutagenesis experiment using error-prone rolling circular amplification of a plasmid expressing the inducible fusion protein glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mCherry. Mutagenized and wild-type control plasmid DNA, respectively, are then purified and transformed into bacteria to assess phenotypic changes. While bacteria transformed with the wild type control should be pink, some bacterial colonies transformed with mutagenized plasmids will exhibit a different color. Students attempt to identify their mutations by isolating plasmid from these mutant colonies, sequencing, and comparing their mutant sequence to the wild-type sequence. Additionally, students evaluate the potential effects of mutations on protein production by inducing GST-mCherry expression in cultures, generating cell lysates, and analyzing them using SDS-PAGE. Students who have a phenotypic difference but do not obtain a coding region mutation will be able to think critically about plasmid structure and regulation outside of the gene sequence. Students who do not obtain bacterial transformants have the chance to contemplate how mutation of antibiotic resistance genes or replication origins may have contributed to their results. Overall, this series of laboratories exposes students to basic genetic techniques and helps them conceptualize mutation beyond coding regions.
Kids SIP smartER: A Feasibility Study to Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among Middle School Youth in Central Appalachia.

Purpose:To test the feasibility of Kids SIPsmartER, a school-based intervention to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs).Design:Matched-contact randomized crossover study with mixe...
Nanoscale 3D ordered polymer networks

Structures having nanoscale 3D geometries are valuable as multifunctional materials, where multi-continuous microphases can synergistically influence mechanical, optical, transport and other properties. Such very high interface surface to volume ratio structures occur in a variety of materials including natural materials such as butter fly wings and sea urchin exoskeletons and in synthetic self-assembled structures such as surfactant/water systems and block polymers. Quantitative morphological characterization of such complex geometric structures is quite challenging. Unit cell sizes range from 10–300 nm with corresponding feature sizes on the 2–50 nm scale. Since these nanoscale network structures are bicontinuous, when one constituent is removed, the structure is still self supporting. Removal of one component produces a nanoporous material that may be in-filled with another component, or the surfaces of the nanopores can be coated with ultra-thin layers by atomic layer deposition to offer multifunctional capabilities. Due to the ability to individually tailor the properties of the network(s) and matrix, for example, to create strong dielectric or impedance contrast, such spatially periodic structures are excellent for the interference of waves (electromagnetic for photonic applications and acoustic for phononic applications) that can lead to bandgaps and hence the control of wave propagation in the material. This mini-review will focus on networks formed by bottom up self assembly of block polymers. In addition to structural issues, we emphasize the special physical properties related to bi- or tri-continuous networks.
Brand X Developments in the Ninth Circuit and Beyond

The Ninth Circuit’s application of Brand X (doctrine granting Chevron deference to agencies’ interpretations of “ambiguous” statutes) in the immigration context has been haphazard and outcome-oriented instead of procedural. In two foundational Ninth Circuit immigration cases, the court chose the more sympathetic outcome in each case instead of applying deference faithfully to the letter of the law. In the first case, Duran Gonzales, the Ninth Circuit rejected its own otherwise controlling decision. The court deferred to the agency’s opposing interpretation instead of applying Ninth Circuit precedent, despite the fact that the agency’s interpretation arose in the Fifth Circuit. In the second case, Mercado-Zazueta, the court refused to accept the agency’s interpretation despite the fact that it arose under Ninth Circuit precedent. In each case, the court made it clear that its decision was based on the substantive interpretation of statute that it found most agreeable, regardless of whether deferring to the agency was the procedurally correct action. Finally, this article demonstrates that both within the immigration context and outside of it, circuit courts often defer to agency expertise. It maintains, however, that Brand X deference is rarely granted in cases concerning the application of non-specific criminal law in the immigration context.
Falloposcopic classification and treatment of fallopian tube lumen disease

Objective To devise a diagnostic classification and scoring system for tubal lumen disease based on falloposcopy and to evaluate it against tuboplasty procedures and pregnancy outcomes. Design Prospective study approved by the hospital Institutional Review Board. Setting Academic tertiary infertility center. Patients Seventy-five women with hysterosalpingographic and laparoscopic evidence of endotubal disease had 112 tubes available for falloposcopic evaluation. Intervention Diagnostic and operative falloposcopy was performed, when indicated, using aquadissection, flexible wire cannulation, or direct balloon tuboplasty. Results The endotubal lumens were considered to be falloposcopically normal in 52 tubes (46%), to contain mild to moderate disease in 33 (29%), and severe to obstructive disease in 27 (25%) cases. Within a year of the procedure, 6 of the 28 women (21%) in whom at least 1 tube was normal conceived, in 2 of 22 (9%) with mild to moderate disease, and in 0 of 16 (0%) with severe endotubal disease. Conclusions Falloposcopy provides a visual means of scoring endotubal disease and may be intrinsically therapeutic for dislodging intraluminal debris and breaking down filmy adhesions in normal or minimally diseased tubes. The presence of severe disease remains resistant to the use of current endotuboplasty treatments as reflected by poor pregnancy outcome, and such women should be provided the option of microsurgical tubal repair or in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer procedures.
Dietary and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Asthma and Atopy in Early Childhood

Background Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence immune function and risk of allergic disease. Prior evidence of the effect of PUFA intake on childhood asthma and allergy is inconclusive. Objectives To investigate associations of PUFA plasma levels and dietary intake with asthma and allergy at age 3 years in this ancillary study of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. Methods Plasma PUFA levels were reported as relative abundances from mass spectrometry profiling, and dietary PUFA intake was derived from food frequency questionnaire responses. Associations between PUFA and outcomes, including asthma and/or recurrent wheeze, allergic sensitization, and total IgE at age 3 years, were evaluated in adjusted regression models. Additional regression models analyzed the combined effects of antenatal vitamin D and early childhood PUFA on outcomes. Results Total, omega-3, and omega-6 plasma PUFA relative abundances were significantly (P Conclusions PUFA dietary intake and plasma levels are inversely associated with asthma and/or recurrent wheeze and atopy at age 3 years. Antenatal vitamin D could modulate the effect of early childhood PUFA on risk of asthma and allergy.
Strength Measurement After Achilles Tendon Repair

The goal of treatment after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is to restore appropriate tension to the tendon, so that normal baseline strength and functional soft-tissue length can be achieved. The assessment of plantarflexion strength has shown widespread variability. The purpose of this study is to document variations in strength assessment after the treatment of ATR in the literature. A comprehensive literature review was performed. In total, 2758 articles were found on Achilles tendon rupture and Achilles tendon strength measurement. The full text of articles including strength as a functional outcome measurement in the abstract were assessed. All objective strength measurements performed were reviewed and recorded for comparison. One-hundred articles were included in our study. In 78 articles, a dynamometer was used to measure strength, whereas in 22 articles, an endurance test (n=14) or formal gait assessment (n=8) was applied. When a dynamometer was used, there was wide variability in the various methods used including the incorporation of both isokinetic (n = 65) and isometric (n = 29) exercises utilizing varying degrees of knee flexion and patient testing position. Furthermore, the number of measurements at certain angular velocities varied. This study illustrates that no general consensus exists regarding an optimal method for measuring strength after ATR. The variability creates difficulty and challenges medical professionals' ability to formulate consistent conclusions when determining functional performance outcomes. A more uniform way of measuring strength after ATR may allow for better comparisons between studies in the literature, potentially leading to a better understanding of strength. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II.
Energetics of the aligned pulsar magnetosphere

An energy analysis is performed on two explicit models, due to Jackson, of a pulsar with aligned magnetic and rotational axes. The unknown parameters of these models are determined by calculating the minimum total energy states of the models. It is found that the minimum energy analysis favors states with extended, dynamically active magnetospheres with a high degrees of corotation. By calculating total power input to the magnetosphere via collisions in the stellar crust, and the total power radiated due to azimuthal drift motion, it is determined that the minimum energy states are the only states where a power balance can be achieved. Consideration of a local power balance condition and dissipative flows in the magnetosphere shows that neither model is completely self-consistent, but one is considerably better than the other. Properties of both models and implications for other models are discussed.
Abstract 128: The Impact of Hospital Acquisition by a Health System on Admission Allocation

Background: The optimal choice of hospital for a particular patient’s admission depends on many factors and many reasons may explain why a patient might not be admitted to the hospital that is best...
“Faking it” and affectionate communication: Exploring the authenticity of orgasm and relational quality indicators

Abstract Pretending to orgasm is a unique behavior that may be indicative of underlying relational issues, but alternatively, it may be considered a form of affectionate communication if it is rooted in feelings of fondness and caring for one's partner. To further explore these possibilities, two studies were conducted to investigate differences in relational quality indicators for individuals who experienced orgasm, did not experience orgasm, or pretended to orgasm and whether trait affectionate communication moderated these associations. The results of Study 1 revealed that individuals who experienced orgasm reported the highest levels of trust, closeness, and commitment, generally followed by those who pretended to orgasm, with the lowest levels for those who did not experience orgasm. Study 2 revealed that trait affectionate communication moderated these relationships, with those higher in trait affectionate communication who pretended to orgasm reporting the highest levels of trust, closeness, and commitment. The implications of these findings for theory and research on affectionate communication and sexual behavior are discussed.
Differentiation of Commercially Available Kratom by Purported Country of Origin using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry,

Kratom is a plant material exhibiting both analgesic and stimulant effects and is also forensically relevant since it is abused as a "legal high." It is regulated in several countries but not scheduled in the United States at the federal level. This study used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the concentrations of 13 elements in 19 kratom samples obtained from an online distributor selling kratom, from Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, for the purpose of using the elements to discriminate among purported country of origin, "suborigin," and strain. Analysis of variance revealed statistical differences in concentrations of elements from each group, while discriminant function analysis (using leave-one-out classification) successfully classified kratom samples by their purported country of origin (100%), "suborigin," (100%), and strain (86%). Our method illustrates the possibility of utilizing ICP-MS for determination of commercially available kratom samples by purported origin, "subororign," or by product line.
Program completion and glycemic control in a remote patient monitoring program for diabetes management: Does gender matter?

Abstract Aims To examine gender differences in program completion and glycemic outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a remote patient monitoring (RPM) program for diabetes management. Methods Based on data from an RPM program that enrolled post-discharge T2D patients (n = 1645) in 2014–2017, logistic regression models were estimated to assess gender difference in the likelihood of completing the three-month RPM program; whereas ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to examine gender difference in post-RPM hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), controlling for demographics, baseline health status, including HbA1c, patient activation scores, and physiological data upload frequency for patients who had completed the program. Results Among enrolled participants, men had lower odds of completing the three-month RPM program than women (adjusted odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.95). However, among those who completed the program, men had lower post-RPM HbA1c than women (−0.18; 95% CI, −0.33, −0.03) after controlling for baseline HbA1c and other covariates. Conclusions While female patients with T2D were more likely to complete the RPM program, they showed a higher glycemic level at the end of the program compared to male patients. To close gender disparities in health, interventions through telemedicine tailored towards women’s diabetes outcomes and men’s engagement level are warranted.
A comparison of clinical pharmacist management of type 2 diabetes versus usual care in a federally qualified health center.

Background: Clinical pharmacists have demonstrated their ability to improve patient outcomes over usual care for patients with type 2 diabetes and glycemic levels above goal, though reasons for this are not well defined. Numerous medications exist for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes and different patterns of medication use by clinical pharmacists may explain these benefits. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare pharmacotherapy approaches to managing patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes receiving basal insulin by a clinical pharmacist versus usual care by a physician or advanced practice provider in a federally qualified health center. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients 18 to 85 years old with type 2 diabetes, A1C ≥9%, receiving basal insulin was conducted. Patients were grouped into two cohorts: (1) those who received clinical pharmacist care and (2) those who received usual care from a physician or advanced practice provider. The primary outcome evaluated the proportion of patients treated with the addition of a non-basal insulin medication. Type of medication changes or additions as well as change in A1C and change in weight were also analyzed. Outcomes were evaluated at six months post-index A1C. Results: A total of 202 patients were identified (n=129 in the usual care group and n=73 in the clinical pharmacist group). A non-basal insulin medication was added in 29% of patients receiving usual care versus 41% of patients receiving clinical pharmacist care (adjusted p=0.040). Usual care providers more frequently added metformin, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones, while clinical pharmacists more frequently added prandial insulin, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors. A1C decreased 1.6% in the clinical pharmacist group versus 0.9% in the usual care group (adjusted p=0.055). No significant change in weight was observed between the clinical pharmacist and usual care group (0.2 kg versus -1.0 kg, respectively; adjusted p=0.175). Conclusions: Pharmacotherapy approaches to managing patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes varied between clinical pharmacists and other clinician providers. For patients already on basal insulin, clinical pharmacists were more likely to intensify therapy with the addition of non-basal insulin, including more frequent initiation of prandial insulin and by adding newer antihyperglycemic agents.
Composite grafting of a distal thumb amputation: a case report and review of literature.

Fingertip amputations are the most common injuries to the upper limb. The specific goals of treatment after digital amputations can vary depending on the priorities and needs of the patient but can be broadly thought of in terms of restoring function, preserving sensation, and recreating a normal appearance. A critical component of thumb function is opposition, for which length, stability, and sensation are paramount.1 As with any fingertip injury, the age, comorbidities, occupation, and goals of the patient must all be considered in formulating a reconstructive plan for thumb amputations.1,2 Microsurgical replantation is the criterion standard of treatment in amputations proximal to the lunula. Unfortunately, many distal fingertip injuries are not amenable to replantation due to the location or mechanism of injury or lack of surgical expertise. Alternative management strategies range from conservative measures such as allowing healing by secondary intention3 and skin grafts4 to various local5-7 and locoregional flaps.8,9 Disadvantages of these flaps range from stiffness related to prolonged immobility and donor site morbidity.10 Revision amputation is another common treatment modality that is often indicated if the patient desires a speedy recovery and quicker return to work but may result in the sacrifice of further length to obtain the necessary soft tissue coverage. Composite grafting of the amputated thumb is a simple and cost-effective technique that allows for the preservation of length while avoiding the donor site morbidity of locoregional flaps. Douglas reported the successful use of composite grafts as early as 1959,2 the technique has been discouraged in all but the youngest children due to historically poor outcomes.11 However, several more recent studies have reported acceptable survival rates of composite grafting in the appropriately selected adult patients.11-13 The authors contend that composite grafting has a place in the reconstructive algorithm of distal thumb amputations. In fact, as the following case report illustrates, composite grafting may be an alternative for reconstruction that avoids many of the drawbacks of other methods.
Rare sex chromosome variation 48,XXYY: An integrative review

While the most common Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy (SCA) is 47,XXY, other variations, such as 48,XXYY, are less studied, perhaps due to its rarity. 48,XXYY occurs with an estimated prevalence of 1:18,000-40,000 male births. This SCA is associated with a variety of complex physical, psychological, and neuroanatomical findings. The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize the available evidence related to 48,XXYY and identify gaps in the literature. This study utilized integrative review and PRISMA-guided methodology to search six databases for information pertaining to 48,XXYY. There were no exclusion criteria related to design methodology, given the paucity of available research. Among 397 articles reviewed for potential inclusion, 30 articles remained after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Seven of these articles concentrated solely on participants with 48,XXYY. Literature was summarized into categories of physical phenotype, psychosocial, behavioral, neurocognitive, and brain function. Clinical description of 48,XXYY has evolved over time to develop a deeper understanding of this complex disorder. Large gaps remain, especially a lack of experimental studies, clinical guidelines, and treatments. Additionally, few studies explore methodologies such as interviews or self-report surveys in this population. 48,XXYY presents with a wide spectrum of physical, psychological, and neurocognitive symptoms, and frequently requires complex interdisciplinary care. In order to better understand this disorder and to appropriately treat the individuals affected by it, future research should focus on experimental studies and research that utilizes a variety of methods, including participant interviews and patient-report surveys.
Cyber-Physical Security of Electric Vehicles With Four Motor Drives

In recent years, the cyber-physical security of power electronics systems has become increasingly prominent. In this article, we present a vulnerability assessment and a coordinated detection method to improve the cyber-physical security of electric vehicles with four motor drives, which is one of the emerging power electronics applications. As the lateral stability control system (LSCS) is designed through the yaw moment generated by the torque deviation between distributed motors, cyber-threats to motor drives will cause vehicle instability and hence life-threatening consequences. In response to this issue, we propose a set of innovative index-based metrics to evaluate the performance degradation due to cyber-physical attacks on the LSCS and motor drives. Evaluation results, including both transient and statistic results, are provided for a variety of threat scenarios. To further improve the cyber-physical security of the electric vehicle, we propose a coordinated detection methodology that combines the state observer and the proposed evaluation metrics. The simulation results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed detection method.
Radiation and Modulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are approved for a variety of indications for locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and trials are ongoing in the early-stage setting. There is an unmet need to understand which patients may derive benefit from immunotherapies and how to harness combined modality therapies to improve overall response rates and durability. Here, we review studies from the bench-to-bedside to examine the role of radiation therapy (RT) on the tumor immune microenvironment in NSCLC with an eye toward augmenting antitumor immunity. Together, these data provide a foundation for developing future clinical trials harnessing RT to augment antitumor immunity and highlight the need for correlative translational studies to directly characterize the impact of RT on the human NSCLC tumor immune microenvironment.