cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seedling Transplant Selection Does Not Cause Genetic Shifts in Genebank Populations of Inbred Potato Species

A basic goal of the U.S. Potato Genebank (USPG) and others is to test assumptions about the stability of genetic diversity in their collections. For example, when heterogeneous seed populations are regenerated, one assumes that using a careful regeneration protocol will result in very little diversity loss in the progeny. However, even the most careful mating scheme cannot prevent genetic selection if it happens earlier—when seedlings are transplanted to become the seedincrease parents. The objective of this work was to assess the prospect of losing diversity at the seedling transplant step. Seeds of a total of 245 original seedlots (from the wild) of 11 inbreeding species [Solanum acaule Bitter, albicans (Ochoa) Ochoa, demissum Lindl., etuberosum Lindl., fendleri A. Gray, polyadenium Greenm., palustre Poepp. ex Schltdl., polytrichon Rydb., papita Rydb., stoloniferum Schltdl. & Bouche´, and verrucosum Schltdl.] were sown. The most vigorous, uniform ‘‘normal’’ (N) seedlings were distinguished from any that were small (S) or otherwise would likely be avoided when transplanting the parent plants to be used for seed increase. Bulks of N and S types within seedlots were compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Genetic similarity (GS) was calculated as average percentage matching band status at RAPD loci. About 25% of the seedlots exhibited S types, but in no case were these significantly different from their N sibs (none with lower than GS 5 98%). These results suggest that inbred species’ original seedlots are homogeneous and not subject to unwanted seedling selection at transplanting, despite random environmental effects that sometimes produce S seedlings.
Wavelength division multiplexed add/drop ring technology in corporate backbone networks

The Corporate Optical Backbone Network (COBNET) project is a joint research project within the ACTS program of the European Commission. The COBNET consortium is considering the use of advanced optical networking technologies for the backbones of future corporate networks. In particular, multichannel add/drop ring networks based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) as well as on optical space-division multiplexing (SDM) technologies are being pursued. An overview is given of the system concept, the device technology, and the demonstration network that was developed within COBNET. The WDM ring option and specifically the related add/drop devices are focused on in more detail. These devices are fabricated in a newly developed highrefractive- index contrast planar silica-on-silicon technology by using silicon-oxynitride (SiON) as the core waveguide material. Compact add/ drop components based on the resonant coupler concept are realized. The filter characteristic can be tailored and tuned by thermo-optic heaters, which enables the selection of any given wavelength out of a series of wavelengths from the WDM ring using the same device.
Identification of initial reaction sites in the dinitrophenylation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A.

Abstract The principal products formed in the initial stages of the dinitrophenylation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A are 41-DNP-ribonuclease, 1-DNP-ribonuclease, 1,41-bis-DNP-ribonuclease and 7,41-bis-DNP-ribonuclease. These proteins may be separated by chromatography over columns of IRC-50. The location of the substituent in 41-DNP-ribonuclease A was demonstrated: ( a ) by comparative chromatography of tryptic hydrolysates of the performic acid-oxidized protein and oxidized ribonuclease A, and ( b ) by isolation of the peptide CySO 3 H-ϵ-DNP-Lys-Pro-Val-Asn-Thr-Phe from a hydrolysate prepared by the successive action of trypsin and chymotrypsin on the oxidized protein. Identification of 1-DNP-ribonuclease was made by isolation of the peptide α-DNP-Lys-Glu-Thr from a combined tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysate of the oxidized enzyme. Identification of 1,41-bis-DNP-ribonuclease and 7,41-bis-DNP-ribonuclease were made by the same approach. Substitution at position 7 was established by isolation of the peptides ϵ-DNP-Lys-Phe and ϵ-DNP-Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg.
Citrullinemia: enzymatic evidence for genetic heterogeneity.

Extract: The specific activity of argininosuccinate synthetase (micromoles of 14CO2 per milligram of protein per hour) was 0.00104 and 0.00087 in fibroblasts derived from two patients with citrullinemia, and was undetectable in both fibroblasts and cultured lymphocytes from a third patient. In five obligate heterozygotes the specific activity in fibroblasts was 0.012 0.029 and in nine control subjects was 0.058 ± 0.014 (0.030–0.076). In both control and patient cells, the maximum activity was obtained at pH 8.5 and there was no inhibition of normal argininosuccinate synthetase by any of the mutant cells. Kinetic studies were consistent with decreased binding of citrulline and/or aspartate in fibroblasts from all three patients. The Km for citrulline was 4.2 × 10−3 and >2.0 × 10−2 M for the enzyme from patients 1 and 2, respectively (normal 1.1 × 10−4 M). Corresponding Km values for aspartate were 1.8 × 10−2 and >6.5 × 10−3 M, respectively (normal 3.4 × 10−5 M). Hill constants derived from the citrulline substrate curves from patients 1 and 2 were 1.01 and 1.50 (normal 0.91). Corresponding constants obtained from aspartate binding curves were 1.06 and 1.35, respectively (normal 0.97). The activity of homoargininosuccinate synthetase was undetectable in fibroblasts from all three patients and a control subject. Speculation: Heterogeneity of the primary enzyme defect will become a frequent observation in many inborn errors of metabolism. In disorders of the urea cycle, alternative and as yet unknown pathways of urea formation may be discovered.
Energy consumption in desalinating produced water from shale oil and gas extraction

Abstract On-site treatment and reuse is an increasingly preferred option for produced water management in unconventional oil and gas extraction. This paper analyzes and compares the energetics of several desalination technologies at the high salinities and diverse compositions commonly encountered in produced water from shale formations to guide technology selection and to inform further system development. Produced water properties are modeled using Pitzer's equations, and emphasis is placed on how these properties drive differences in system thermodynamics at salinities significantly above the oceanic range. Models of mechanical vapor compression, multi-effect distillation, forward osmosis, humidification–dehumidification, membrane distillation, and a hypothetical high pressure reverse osmosis system show that for a fixed brine salinity, evaporative system energetics tend to be less sensitive to changes in feed salinity. Consequently, second law efficiencies of evaporative systems tend to be higher when treating typical produced waters to near-saturation than when treating seawater. In addition, if realized for high-salinity produced waters, reverse osmosis has the potential to achieve very high efficiencies. The results suggest a different energetic paradigm in comparing membrane and evaporative systems for high salinity wastewater treatment than has been commonly accepted for lower salinity water.
MDX—a medical diagnostic decision support system

The MDX diagnostic decision support system contains a multitude of clinical facts as reported in a variety of medical textbooks and national medical journals. The database was custom designed for the medical diagnostic process and offers users the widest range of diagnostic knowledge available from a single source in the industry. The database consists of diseases, conditions, chemicals, drugs, and toxins that are known database consists of diseases, conditions, chemicals, drugs, and toxins that are known to cause medical illness. Each causal element has an asociated file for signs, symptoms and findings. This fully referenced source of encoded clinical knowledge used in MDX comes from the world's experts as they transmit their experience in the written word of books and journals.
Extremity complications of drug abuse.

Summary Drug abuse often ends in surgical complications of the extremities. The damage can be of an infectious, lymphatic, vascular, or neurologic cause. Illustrative case histories are presented and current knowledge about these injuries is summarized from a review of the literature.
Characteristics of la literatura: A Reference Study of Spanish and Latin American Literature

The goal of this study is to examine the characteristics of scholarly communication, with particular emphasis on the usage of the monograph, in the field of Spanish and Latin American literature over a 30-year period. In addition, this study examines the age of materials referenced in an effort to gain insight into the shelf-life of these materials. Although monographs and literary works predominated, the usage of volumes of collected essays showed significant increase. Monographs, collected essays, and journal articles published within the preceding 20–25 years were most referenced.
Counseling Deaf Children: A New Art

Counseling deaf and hearing-impaired children is a service that is likely to be a responsibility of most school counselors as a result of PL 94–142. This article provides some of the basic knowledge and skills needed and describes the counselor training program at Gallaudet College that prepares counselors for helping hearing-impaired and deaf persons.
Interrelationship Between Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, Calcium, and Phosphorus In Laying Hen Diets

Abstract Three experiments were conducted with Hy-Line W-36 laying hens housed in individual wire cages in open type houses. The first and second experiments were designed to investigate the effects of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate fed at two levels of dietary total phosphorus (.30 and .60%). The third experiment was designed to study the interrelationships between age and sodium source. Supplementing sodium chloride at two levels (.37 and 1.11%) did not effect hen performance, except that egg production was better at the lower NaCl. Egg production was greater when .60 rather than .30% dietary phosphorus was fed. Egg specific gravity and egg weight were decreased at the lower dietary phosphorus. The addition of 1.6% sodium bicarbonate in the sodium chloride-free diets was deleterious to hen performance in all experiments. High mortality was observed in both experiments in which hens were fed diets containing high sodium and low chloride. Plasma calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly depressed in hens fed diets containing the lower phosphorus. Blood pH, base excess, bicarbonate, and total carbon dioxide were significantly increased by sodium bicarbonate supplementation, and these values were found to be inversely related to dietary phosphorus levels.
Ultrasonic guided wave inspection of a titanium repair patch bonded to an aluminum aircraft skin

Adhesively bonded aircraft repair patches provide stiffness improvement and life extension to aging aircraft. Repair patches are mainly metal or composite plate like structures bonded onto the aircraft skin after adequate surface preparations. Any damage to the bonding in an adhesive repair patch, like adhesive and cohesive weaknesses similar to that found in adhesively bonded joints, can result in less than expected life extension of the aircraft. A conventional inspection approach using normal or oblique incidence of ultrasonic waves has only limited capability in detecting adhesive and cohesive weaknesses. An ultrasonic guided wave based inspection method is developed and presented. Theoretical work using wave structures is done to select guided wave modes with large in-plane displacement at the aluminum skin and adhesive epoxy interface. Aluminum plate with epoxy bonded titanium repair patches were fabricated in the laboratory with simulated interfacial and bulk weaknesses representing a small representative class of the defects possible in a bonded joint. Defect sensitive guided wave modes were selected and implemented successfully in an angle beam wedge based inspection set-up. This was further successfully extended to a linear scan, termed as a G* scan, which has defect sizing ability also.
Limited Reaction Processing of Silicon: Oxidation and Epitaxy

Limited reaction processing has been used to grow thin, high quality layers of epitaxial silicon, silicon dioxide, and polycrystalline silicon. Multiple layers of these materials were deposited in – situ to demonstrate control of layer thicknesses, interface transition regions, and interface cleanliness. MOS and p-n junction structures were fabricated which exhibit electrical characteristics comparable to those of devices produced by conventional techniques.
Origins of positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning flashes in the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system

[1] The origins of positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning in the stratiform region of a leading-line, trailing-stratiform mesoscale convective system (MCS) are investigated. Platforms include radars, NLDN data, and a VHF 3-D lightning mapping system. This study examines a small asymmetric MCS that occurred near the Colorado-Kansas border in June 2000. In this storm 39 of the 269 +CGs produced over a nearly 5-hour period came to ground within the stratiform region. Of these, 30 initiated in the leading convective line and propagated rearward before coming to ground. Nine other +CGs originated within the stratiform region. Stratiform +CGs were observed to propagate mostly horizontally through vertically thin layers. The observations suggest that stratiform charge is a conduit for +CG lightning from the convective line, and can initiate +CGs as well.
Interactions of VIP with rigid phospholipid bilayers: implications for vasoreactivity.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a pleiotropic amphipathic peptide, interacts with rigid liposomes composed of gel phase phospholipids. We found that incubation of VIP with small unilamellar gel phase liposomes composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and egg phosphatidylglycerol (ePG) for 2 h at room temperature had no significant effects on VIP secondary structure. Moreover, suffusion of VIP (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 nmol) incubated in saline or with DPPC/ePG liposomes (size, 30 and 100 nm) for 2 h at room temperature or 4 °C onto the intact hamster cheek pouch microcirculation elicited a similar concentration-dependent vasodilation except for 0.01 nmol VIP ( P P
The Seniority System in Congress.

The seniority system ordinarily rates no more than two or three pages in books devoted to Congress. There is likely to be a brief description and a weighing of the arguments, pro and con, followed generally by the conclusion that the system is a poor one; occasionally an author will defend it stoutly. Regardless of the conclusions, the analyses are rarely thorough. This article attempts to fill a gap in the literature on Congress by describing and analyzing various aspects of its seniority system.It is well to remember at the outset that very few human institutions ignore seniority entirely. Champ Clark, in his autobiography, noted that it is observed in all the affairs of life:No sane man would for one moment think of making a graduate from West Point a full general, or one from Annapolis an admiral, or one from any university or college chief of a great newspaper, magazine or business house. A priest or a preacher who has just taken orders is not immediately made a bishop, archbishop or cardinal. In every walk of life “men must tarry at Jericho till their beards are grown.”
Chloroplast DNA from the fern Osmunda cinnamomea: physical organization, gene localization and comparison to angiosperm.

Chloroplast DNA from the fern Osmunda einnamomea was isolated by a sucrose gradient procedure utilizing PEG to stabilize chloroplasts. Analysis with the restriction endonucleases PvuII, Sacl and BstEII indicates a chloroplast genome size of 144 kb. A physical map of the fragments produced by these three enzymes was constructed by filter hybridizations using purified PvuII fragments as hybridization probes. The Osmunda chloroplast genome is circular and contains an inverted repeat 8–13 kb in size. Gene probes from tobacco, corn and spinach were used to map the positions of six genes on the Osmunda chloroplast chromosome. The 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs are encoded by duplicate genes which lie within the inverted repeat. Genes for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, a photosystem II polypeptide, and the alpha and beta subunits of chloroplast coupling factor are located in three different segments of the large single copy region. The Osmunda chloroplast genome is remarkably similar in size, conformation, physical organization, and map positions of known genes, to chloroplast DNA from a number of angiosperms. The major difference between chloroplast DNA from this fern and angiosperms is that the inverted repeat is smaller in Osmunda (8–13 kb) than in angiosperms (22–25 kb).
Effect of post-burial contamination on the concentrations of major and minor elements in human bones and teeth—the implications for palaeodietary research

Abstract Human bones and teeth from 37 burials on Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea have been analysed for 14 major and minor elements by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction spectrometry. The bones, but not the teeth, were shown to be physically contaminated with significant quantities of quartz, calcite and clay. Compared to bone, the teeth contained lower concentrations of the minor elements Al, Fe, Sr, S, Ba and Zn, similar concentrations of Na, K, Mg and Cu and a higher concentration of CI. The bones and teeth were all enriched in Sr, Mg and Ba which is thought to be due to the high dietary intake of shellfish in the population.
A comparative study between a small time scale model and the two driving force model for fatigue analysis

Abstract A comparative study is performed to demonstrate the difference and similarity between the two driving force approach and a small time scale model under both constant and variable amplitude loading. The small time scale model is different from most existing fatigue analysis methodologies and is based on the instantaneous crack growth kinetics within one cycle. The two driving force approach is cycle-based and uses two driving force parameters to describe crack growth rate per cycle under constant amplitude loadings. A simple modified two driving force approach is proposed based on the concept of forward and reverse plastic zone interaction and is used to calculate the fatigue crack growth under general variable amplitude loadings. Extensive experimental data for various metallic materials are used to validate the two driving force model and the small time scale model.
Export Processing Zones: Free Market Islands or Bridges to Structural Transformation?

Do export processing zones draw local manufacturers into world markets – and thereby engender broader market reform – by way of a ‘demonstration effect’? The answer is likely (i) to be determined, not in the EPZ, but in the host country's national customs area, and (ii) to vary systematically with the size of the relevant market. While manufacturers from large economies are able to compete in world markets, and are therefore susceptible to the demonstration effect, their counterparts from small economies are unable to do so, and are therefore intractable. Thus, the nature of the EPZ life-cycle, like the legacy of import-substituting industrialisation, is in no small measure a function of market size.
Epigenetic perspective on the developmental effects of bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic environmental toxin widely used in the production of plastics and ubiquitous human exposure to this chemical has been proposed to be a potential risk to public health. Animal studies suggest that in utero and early postnatal exposure to this compound may produce a broad range of adverse effects, including impaired brain development, sexual differentiation, behavior, and immune function, which could extend to future generations. Molecular mechanisms that underlie the long-lasting effects of BPA continue to be elucidated, and likely involve disruption of epigenetic programming of gene expression during development. Several studies have provided evidence that maternal exposure to BPA results in postnatal changes in DNA methylation status and altered expression of specific genes in offspring. However, further studies are needed to extend these initial findings to other genes in different tissues, and to examine the correlations between BPA-induced epigenetic alterations, changes in gene expression, and various phenotypic outcomes. It will be also important to explore whether the epigenetic effects of BPA are related to its estrogenic activity, and to determine which downstream effector proteins could mediate changes in DNA methylation. In this review, we will highlight research indicating a consequence of prenatal BPA exposure for brain, behavior, and immune outcomes and discuss evidence for the role of epigenetic pathways in shaping these developmental effects. Based on this evidence, we will suggest future directions in the study of BPA-induced epigenetic effects and discuss the transgenerational implications of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin affinity-purify the toxin from crude culture supernatants

The leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica is a major virulence factor of the organism. It is an unstable protein which has proven very difficult to purify using traditional techniques. Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to P. haemolytica leukotoxin were derived from spleen cells of a mouse immunized with crude culture supernatant. Five hybridomas secreting mAbs specific for the leukotoxin were stabilized. Each of the mAbs reacted with a protein of approximately 100 kDa in toxic culture supernatants, and two of them completely neutralized the toxin in vitro. Affinity chromatography of crude culture supernatant on a column prepared with one of the neutralizing mAbs resulted in the isolation of biologically active toxin.
A comparison between creep of laminated aluminum and the transverse creep behavior of a unidirectional boron-aluminum composite

The transverse creep behavior of a unidirectional 30 vol pct boron/1145-0 aluminum composite material was investigated over the temperature range 573 to 773 K. The creep curve of the composite exhibited primary, steady state, and tertiary stages of creep, as did the unreinforced laminated matrix; however, the primary stage of creep was consid-erably less pronounced in the composite than in the matrix. The minimum (or steady state) creep rate of the composite was less than that of the laminated matrix alone below a transition stress Σ = 1.74 × 10−4E whereE is Young's Modulus of aluminum. Above this transition stress, the minimum creep rate of the composite exceeds that of the unreinforced matrix; further, the strain to failure of the composite generally decreased when the applied stress was above the transition stress. The temperature dependence of the minimum creep rate was the same for both the composite and the laminated matrix. Failure in the composite was initiated by debonding of the filament-matrix interface and it is suggested that debonding of the interface contributes in an additive way to the creep of the composite and to a greater extent at high stresses, leading to the transition stress observed.
On signal recovery with adaptive order statistic filters

Adaptive order statistic filters are used to estimate a constant amplitude signal embedded in noise with unknown statistics. Iterative algorithms are proposed which adapt the order statistic filter to minimize the mean-square estimation error, both with and without an unbiasedness constraint. For each case, the algorithm used is shown to achieve convergence in the mean to the optimal filter. Properties of the convergence rates are discussed, and conditions for convergence in mean square are noted. >
The effects of litter size on the expressivity of the jaundice genotype in Gunn rats.

In 2 studies Gunn rats carrying 2 recessive alleles for jaundice (jj) were compared with their heterozygous littermates (Jj) under varied litter size (4 vs 12 pups) and handling conditions. Handling did not produce long-term effects. Litter size interacted with Genotype to increase the differential response of jj rats by 21, 23, and 50 days of age. A decrease in survival rates and weight gain was found in Jj and especially jj rats from large litters. For jj rats only, being reared in a large litter increased the severity of ataxia. Jaundiced rats from large litters showed less rearing and tended to enter fewer squares than those from small litters whereas Jj littermates showed an equivalent amount of rearing and number of squares entered in large as compared to small litter sizes. Differences between Jj and jj rats in frequency of pivoting were greater in those from large litters than in those from small litters.
Spontaneous Emotion Regulation to Positive and Negative Stimuli.

The ability to regulate one's emotions is an integral part of human social behavior. One antecedent emotion regulation strategy, known as reappraisal, is characterized by cognitively evaluating an emotional stimulus to alter its emotional impact and one response-focused strategy, suppression, is aimed at reducing behavioral output. People are capable of using these specific emotion regulation strategies when instructed to do so; however, it is equally important to investigate natural and self-selected strategy use. This study was designed to determine to what extent people spontaneously regulate their emotions and the emotion regulation strategies they choose to achieve their regulatory goals. Participants were given no instructions to regulate their emotions before they were shown a negative and a positive film clip, but were instead asked afterwards about the specific strategies that they had used. Participants reported regulating their emotions more to the negative film than to the positive film. Reappraisal was more frequently selected as an emotion regulation strategy than suppression. As expected, participants with high baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) adopted reappraisal strategies more than those with low RSA but, surprisingly, RSA was not associated with facial expressivity. Suggestions for future research in this relatively young field of spontaneous emotion regulation are offered.
Rodent model systems for studies of HIV-1 associated dementia

Understanding of HIV-1 neuropathogenesis and development of rationale therapeutic approaches requires relevant animal models. The putative mechanisms of neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic events triggered by HIV-1 brain infection are reflected by a number of rodent models. These include transgenic animals (either expressing viral proteins or pro-inflammatory factors), infection with murine retroviruses, and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice reconstituted with human lymphocytes and injected intracerebrally with HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. The potential importance and limitations of the models in reflecting human disease are discussed with emphasis on their utility for development of therapies to combat HIV-1-associated neurologic impairment.
Elevated Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres for Packaging Poultry.I. Effects on Ground Chicken

Abstract Samples of microbiologically homogeneous ground chicken tissue were stored in glass jars containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100% carbon dioxide (CO2) (balance air). Microbial analyses demonstrated that elevated CO2 levels reduced the numbers of aerobic colony forming units by a factor of as much as 102 to 103. This reduction in microbial load was accompanied by a change in the type of bacteria present; with CO2, Gram-positive organisms predominated, but in samples without elevated CO2, Gram-negative organisms predominated. Surface pH shifts were less than .10 pH unit for CO2 packaged samples, which is unlikely to be significant enough to have caused this inhibition. Samples lost redness when measured objectively at 28 days. The optimum concentration of CO2 for extending the shelf-life of ground poultry depends on how long an extension is desired. After one week of storage, 20% CO2 was as effective as higher levels (including 100%) in reducing spoilage organisms. However, after 28 days of storage, higher CO2 concentrations produced lower microbial counts.
SU‐FF‐T‐370: Evaluation of An Anthropomorphic Pelvis Phantom for Proton Therapy

Purpose: To design and implement an anthropomorphic pelvis phantom to audit proton therapy treatment procedures. Method and Materials: A pelvis phantom already in use for independent audits of photonIMRT treatments was retrofitted for use with protons. The relative stopping power of each material used to construct the phantom was measured. Hounsfield Units were determined for each material with a clinical CT scanner. The tissue equivalence of the materials was determined by comparing with the CTcalibration curve used clinically for human tissues. A CT simulation of the phantom was then performed and a proton treatment plan was devised. TLD and radiochromic film were inserted in the phantom and the treatment plan was delivered. The measurements from the TLD and film were compared to calculations made with the treatment planning system. Profile plots through the coronal and sagittal planes were compared to confirm agreement between the treatment plan and delivery. Results: Measured relative stopping powers differed by as much as 10% from values used by the planning system. The comparison between the plan and the TLD showed a difference in dose of less than 3%. The film showed a 2 mm shift in the anterior‐posterior profile and a 6 mm shift in the superior‐inferior profile. The width of the delivered high‐dose region shown by the right‐left film profile differed by as much as 8 mm compared to the plan profile. Conclusion: Preliminary results show the phantom will be able to confirm agreement between measured and calculated dose within 5%/3mm. Stopping power differences between tissue and phantom materials might account for discrepancies between the treatment plan and delivery in the left‐right direction, as lateral fields were used. Conflict of Interest: Work supported by PHS CA010953 and CA081647, awarded by NCI, DHHS, and funds from the RTOG.
On Disembodied Resurrected Persons: A Reply

In a recent article in Religious Studies , Professor P. W. Gooch attempts to wean the orthodox Christian from anthropological materialism by consideration of the question of the nature of the post-mortem person in the resurrection. He argues that the view that the resurrected person is a psychophysical organism who is in some physical sense the same as the ante-mortem person is inconsistent with the Pauline view of the resurrected body; rather, according to him, Paul's view is most consistent with that which affirms the disembodied survival of the person. ‘I want to argue’, he writes, ‘for the thesis that a Pauline resurrection body may well be ontologically the same as a disembodied person (204).’ I intend to show that Professor Gooch has failed to provide any support for this view and indeed that his own view falls prey to the criticisms which he has raised against other views.
Hydration-decomposition of styrene over group 11B oxide-alumina catalysts: A new catalytic water-hydrocarbon reaction system

Alumina-supported cadmium oxide was more active for the hydrolysis of benzophenone, used as a model oxygenated compound, than supported zinc oxide; potassium oxide was inactive, either supported or unsupported; and unsupported cadmium and zinc oxides were inactive. Conversion of benzophenone with water to benzene and carbon dioxide was 95Vertical Bar3< with 12.8Vertical Bar3< cadmium oxide/alumina at 405/sup 0/C. The reaction probably proceeded on an Al-O-Cd site by a mechanism similar to that of the Henkel reaction. The reaction of styrene with water on 12.8Vertical Bar3< cadmium oxide/alumina at 480/sup 0/C gave 43Vertical Bar3< conversion and a product that contained about equal amounts of benzene, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen. Decomposition of 60Vertical Bar3< of the cadmium oxide took place in 3.5 hr without significant loss of conversion but with a shift of selectivity among the secondary products from toluene to acetophenone. Two parallel hydration reaction paths yielding benzene and acetophenone (or toluene), respectively, and a hydrogenation path yielding ethylbenzene are proposed. Apparently, all reaction steps, except the initial hydration reaction in the path leading to benzene, are catalyzed by sites involving the metal oxide component.
In corpore fertilization and development in the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata.

HERMAPHRODITISM in echinoids is rare. Rarer still is the occurrence of ovotestes in the bisexual animals. This is the first reported case of in corpore fertilization and development in the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata.
A Comparison of Invasive and Noninvasive Sensors in the Concealed Information Test

Rapid screening requires identifying individuals concealing information promptly and noninvasively. The standard Concealed Information Test (CIT) is not conducive to a rapid screening context, however, researchers are investigating the ability to conduct adaptations of the CIT using noninvasive sensors. The purpose of this paper is to propose a study that will investigate and compare the accuracy rates of electro dermal, oculometric, and vocalic measures in identifying concealed information. The ability to detect criminals and high-risk individuals rapidly and with stand-off methods during security screening has implications for a wide variety of applications.
Myosin mediates contractile force generation by hepatic stellate cells in response to endothelin-1.

Although endothelin-1-stimulated contractile force generation by stellate cells is believed to play an important role in hepatic pathophysiology, the molecular signals that mediate this process are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that myosin mediates the contractile force generated by stellate cells in response to endothelin-1. Contractile force generation by primary and immortalized stellate cells was directly and quantitatively measured. Myosin phosphorylation and reorganization, and actin stress fiber formation were investigated in immortalized stellate cells. Endothelin-1 stimulated a rapid and robust generation of contractile force by primary and immortalized stellate cells with a similar dose dependence. Myosin phosphorylation, actin stress fiber assembly, and reorganization of myosin to stress fibers were induced by concentrations of endothelin-1 that also stimulated stellate cell contraction. BQ-123, a selective endothelin receptor antagonist, inhibited myosin phosphorylation and contractile force generation. Y-27632, which selectively inhibits rho-associated kinase, also blocked endothelin-1-stimulated myosin phosphorylation and contractile force generation with a similar dose dependence. These results suggest that endothelin-1-stimulated contractile force generation by stellate cells is mediated by myosin.
The Body and Citizenship in Social Movement Research: Embodied Performances and the Deracialized Self in the Black Civil Rights Movement 1961–1965

In political and cultural theory, the body has been central to our understandings of political power, yet, the body remains absent in social movement research. This article examines the role of the body in social movements, focusing on how social movements shape bodily postures and techniques of affective self-mastery to represent idealized citizenship. Based on archival data and the concepts of performativity and performance, I use the cases of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's Citizenship Schools and Role-Playing Simulations and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's Community Centers to show how the deracialized body was materialization of liberal civic culture that sought to: (1) severe identification with the racial group in favor of identifying with an idealized national identity; and (2) change what counts as good citizenship to change who counts as good citizens. I analyze the movement's pedagogy focusing on the ritualized repetition of embodied movements that deracialized th...
Equivalent norms onL p spaces of harmonic functions

This note gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a measurable setG in the unit ballB in ℝ n to satisfy the following property: there exists a constantC>0 such that $$\int\limits_B {|f|^2 } dm \leqslant C\int\limits_G {|f|^2 } dm$$ for everyf∈L 2 (B, dm) which is harmonic inB. Herem is the Lebesgue measure of dimensionn. The same condition is sufficient if any exponentp>0 replaces 2 in (*), and if certain weighted measures replacem. Applications to the problem of representing harmonic functions inL 2 (B) as a sum of kernel functions are indicated.
EVERY PLANAR GRAPH HAS AN ACYCLIC 7-COLORING

A proper coloring of the vertices of a graph is said to be acyclic provided that no cycle is two colored. We prove that every planar graph has an acyclic seven coloring.
Role of pICLn in Methylation of Sm Proteins by PRMT5

pICln is an essential, highly conserved 26-kDa protein whose functions include binding to Sm proteins in the cytoplasm of human cells and mediating the ordered and regulated assembly of the cell's RNA-splicing machinery by the survival motor neurons complex. pICln also interacts with PRMT5, the enzyme responsible for generating symmetric dimethylarginine modifications on the carboxyl-terminal regions of three of the canonical Sm proteins. To better understand the role of pICln in these cellular processes, we have investigated the properties of pICln and pICln.Sm complexes and the effects that pICln has on the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5. We find that pICln is a monomer in solution, binds with high affinity (K(d) approximately 160 nm) to SmD3-SmB, and forms 1:1 complexes with Sm proteins and Sm protein subcomplexes. The data support an end-capping model of pICln binding that supports current views of how pICln prevents Sm oligomerization on illicit RNA substrates. We have found that by co-expression with pICln, recombinant PRMT5 can be produced in a soluble, active form. PRMT5 alone has promiscuous activity toward a variety of known substrates. In the presence of pICln, however, PRMT5 methylation of Sm proteins is stimulated, but methylation of histones is inhibited. We have also found that mutations in pICln that do not affect Sm protein binding can still have a profound effect on the methyltransferase activity of the PRMT5 complex. Together, the data provide insights into pICln function and represent an important starting point for biochemical analyses of PRMT5.
A quantitative model for the specific volume of polymer-diluent mixtures in the glassy state

A mathematical model to describe the specific volume of glassy mixtures of a polymer and a low molecular weight diluent or additive is presented. The model is based on understandable physical assumptions and relies on parameters that can be determined experimentally or estimated from methods available in the literature. The predictions of the model show good agreement with the experimental data for mixtures of four polymers with diluents that in the pure state are liquid, glassy, or crystalline. The observed negative departure from volume additivity, as defined by simple additivity of the specific volume of the pure glassy polymer and the pure amorphous diluent, is the result of the relaxation of the excess volume of the glassy mixture relative to the equilibrium state caused by mixing two components with different glass transition temperatures.
Variation in the chloroplast genes rpoC1 and rpoC2 of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae): evidence from restriction site mapping of a PCR-amplified fragment

A 4, 1 00-base pair (bp) region of the chloroplast genome, amplified via the polymerase chain reaction, was obtained from 14 species of the genus Astragalus and mapped with 23 restriction enzymes. The amplified region encompassed the chloroplast genes RNA polymerase Cl (rpoCl; 90.8% of the gene) and RNA polymerase C2 (rpoC2; 32.7% of the gene) including the intron in rpoCl and the intergenic spacer between the two genes. Approximately 144 sites (615 bp) were identified; 37 restriction site mutations and one 10-bp length mutation were detected. Estimated interspecific sequence divergence values ranged from 0.00% to 3.92%. Phylogenetic analysis with Wagner and Dollo parsimony both resulted in a single 41-step tree with a consistency index of 0.951. The relative positions of 1 5 restriction sites were mapped. The insertion and ten of the restriction site mutations mapped to the intron in rpoC 1, 18 site mutations mapped to the rpoC 1 exons, three site mutations mapped to rpoC2, three site changes mapped to the intergenic spacer, and four site changes were not mapped. This study demonstrates the utility of restriction site analysis of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA to the study of plant phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution.
Mesoporous Carbon Materials with Ultra-Thin Pore Walls and Highly Dispersed Nickel Nanoparticles

Ordered mesoporous CMK-5 carbons with ultra-thin carbon pore walls and highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by using two different SBA-15 silicas as hard templates and 2, 3-di-hydroxynaphtalene (DHN) as a carbon precursor. The nickel precursor was a concentrated nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2.6H2O] solution in isopropanol added to the carbon-silica nanocomposites prior to thermal treatments. The samples studied were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG), nitrogen adsorption at -196 C, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and in situ electron diffraction X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). While TG revealed carbon contents lower than 30 wt%, nitrogen adsorption provided information about homogeneity of carbon thin film deposited onto mesopore walls of ordered silica templates, SBA-15. The templates, carbon-silica nanocomposites and carbon inverse replicas with nickel nanoparticles exhibited uniform pores, high surface areas and large pore volumes. Graphitic carbon was identified by the presence of a characteristic G band on Raman spectra, whereas the diffraction peak attributed to the stacking of graphene planes was not observed by powder XRD.The presence of ordered domains in the carbon materials studied was confirmed by small angle XRD and STEM imaging. In addition, the STEM images revealed that the nickel nanoparticles weremore » uniform in size, ~3nm, and were homogeneously dispersed within ordered tubular carbon walls. A few larger clusters of nickel, ~60nm, present on the external surface, were identified by powder XRD as metallic Ni. The in situ EDX revealed that the small nanoparticles were largely composed of Ni with traces of NiO. Similar nanoparticles dispersions have been reported only for Ni-containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whereas previously reported ordered mesoporous carbons possessed larger Ni/NiO nanoparticles within CMK-3 nanostructure.« less
An investigation of frictionless enveloping grasping in the plane

Grasping by a two-dimensional hand composed of a palm and two hinged fingers is studied. The mathematics of fric tionless grasping is presented and used in the development of a planner/simulator. The simulator computes the motion of the object using an active constraint set method and assuming exact knowledge of the physical properties of the polygonal object, hand, and support. Grasping is divided into three phases. During the first phase, the initial grasping configura tion is found. In the second phase, the object is manipulated away from the support, bringing it into contact with the palm. In the last phase, the grip is adjusted to minimize the contact forces acting on the object.
Maladaptive behaviors among military police personnel and implications for administrative policy

Abstract In the 1970s stress management programs were initiated by many police departments across the United States. Concern regarding police overreaction in stressful situations was a major impetus in the development of most of these programs. The United States Army's Military Police Corps followed the lead of major civilian police departments by endeavoring to improve community support through reducing “overreactive” incidents that inflamed public sentiment and lessened the morale and esteem of the Military Police Corps. In 1980, efforts were initiated to reduce “harrassment” of soldiers and provide greater service to military personnel and dependents (Author's Field Notes, 1980). In conjunction with this effort, classes on the awareness and effects of stress became standard offerings for students at the U.S. Army's Military Police School. Research on military police personnel was lacking, however, and it was not known if the findings regarding stress on civilian police officers were applicable to military police. This research represents an exploratory effort to identify and examine the determinants of three prominently identified correlates of high stress: family problems, alcohol abuse, and self-reported medical maladies. A path analytic model is postulated to provide an examination of the direct and indirect effects of several demographic variables upon an index of maladaptation that incorporates these three dependent variables into a single measure.
Diesel exhaust particles modulate vascular endothelial cell permeability: implication of ZO-1 expression.

Abstract Exposure to air pollutants increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Recent toxicity studies revealed that ultra-fine particles (UFP, d p d p n = 3, p
Patterns and utility of routine surveillance in high grade endometrial cancer.

Objective To evaluate surveillance methods and their utility in detecting recurrence of disease in a high grade endometrial cancer population.
The activation of yttria, lutetia, and ytterbia for the ortho-parahydrogen conversion

Abstract The diamagnetic oxides Y2O3 and Lu2O3 may be activated for the p-H2 conversion by heating them in H2 between 823 and 973 K. This pretreatment appears to generate the ions Y2+ and Lu2+, respectively. From the quantity of water formed during the activation it is possible to estimate the surface concentration of paramagnetic sites. By combining this information with the specific conversion rates it is possible to obtain the net conversion rate per active site. The results are in agreement, to about one order, with recent theoretical calculations of the absolute rates. From conversion rate studies over Lu2O3 and Yb2O3 and from extrinsic field studies, it is concluded that heating Yb2O3 in H2, and possibly other rare earths in the C crystallographic form, causes surface reactions resulting in a 4fn5d0 → 4fn5d1 electronic change rather than 4fn5d0 → 4fn+15d0.
Women's status and experience of the menopause in a Newfoundland fishing village

Recent studies attribute cross-cultural variations in the experience of the climacteric to changes in female status at middle age. An analysis of women's life cycles in a Newfoundland fishing village, where there is no dramatic change in status at middle age, contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of interaction between female and climacteric symptoms. Newfoundland concepts of bio-social self are examined in terms of folk notions of nerves and blood. Conclusions are drawn about the relative importance of somatic components, folk notions and female status in the experience of the climacteric.
Thrombosis of the left coronary artery in a newborn infant

A unique occurrence of antenatal thrombosis of the left main coronary artery in a term infant is presented. The clinical features are indistinguishable from those of several other forms of congenital heart disease. The etiology of the thrombosis is unknown.