cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Population-Based Study of the Incidence, Medical Care, and Medical Expenditures for Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

ABSTRACT Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of pediatric trauma morbidity and mortality around the world. However, limited research exists regarding disparities in the incidence of TBI and medical care seeking behaviors and medical expenditures for TBI, particularly using population-based and nationally-representative data. Materials and Methods The present study used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Panels 9-19 (2004-2015) to provide nationally-representative estimates for the civilian, non-institutionalized U.S. population. We examined differences in TBI incidence and associated medical care seeking behaviors and expenditures in relation to individual and family sociodemographic characteristics. Results From a total of 50,563 children in the MEPS Panels 9-19, we identified 449 children with TBI. For 82% of these children, medical treatment was sought. The estimated annual total expenditure associated with pediatric TBIs nationally was approximately $667 million, with mean expenditures per TBI being $1,532 and family out of pocket expenditures accounting for 8.3% of total expenditures. Race/ethnicity was the only significant factor associated with both medical care seeking behavior and total expenditures. Conclusions The present study is among the first to compare pediatric TBI-related medical expenditures among different sociodemographic groups in the U.S. Our findings can inform future intervention research and policy-making from the perspectives of both epidemiological and behavioral sciences.
Embryonic development across space and time

A model for Drosophila embryonic development is presented by integrating several types of experimental data spanning over several layers of space and time.
High-Purity and Saturated Deep-Blue Luminescence from trans-NHC Platinum(II) Butadiyne Complexes: Properties and Organic Light Emitting Diode Application.

Two new platinum(II) compounds with trans-(NHC)2Pt(C≡C–C≡C–R)2 (where NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene and R = phenyl or trimethylsilyl) architecture exhibit sharp blue-green or saturated deep-blue pho...
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Disrupts Motivation, Social Interaction, and Attention in Male Sprague Dawley Rats.

Abstract Background Severe or prolonged stress can trigger psychiatric illnesses including mood and anxiety disorders. Recent work indicates that pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays an important role in regulating stress effects. In rodents, exogenous PACAP administration can produce persistent elevations in the acoustic startle response, which may reflect anxiety-like signs including hypervigilance. We investigated whether PACAP causes acute or persistent alterations in behaviors that reflect other core features of mood and anxiety disorders (motivation, social interaction, and attention). Methods Using male Sprague Dawley rats, we examined if PACAP (.25–1.0 µg, intracerebroventricular infusion) affects motivation as measured in the intracranial self-stimulation test. We also examined if PACAP alters interactions with a conspecific in the social interaction test. Finally, we examined if PACAP affects performance in the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which quantifies attention and error processing. Results Dose-dependent disruptions in motivation, social interaction, and attention were produced by PACAP, as reflected by increases in reward thresholds, decreases in social behaviors, and decreases in correct responses and alterations in posterror accuracy. Behavior normalized quickly in the intracranial self-stimulation and 5-choice serial reaction time task tests but remained dysregulated in the social interaction test. Effects on attention were attenuated by the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 antagonist antalarmin but not the κ opioid receptor antagonist JDTic. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PACAP affects numerous domains often dysregulated in mood and anxiety disorders, but that individual signs depend on brain substrates that are at least partially independent. This work may help to devise therapeutics that mitigate specific signs of these disorders.
Specific disruption of renal function and gene transcription by cyclosporin A.

The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) are cell-specific, ranging from its immunosuppressive action on cells of the immune system to a variety of nonimmunologic toxic side effects. The predominant undesirable side effects of CsA occur in the kidney. Although many toxic renal effects of CsA have been described, the molecular basis of the nephrotoxicity is unknown. Elucidation of the molecular basis for the renal action of CsA may shed light on the function of cyclophilin in nonimmune cell types. The present study demonstrates that CsA selectively reduces the gluconeogenic capacity of rat proximal tubules via a decrease in activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), E.C. 4.1.1.32; PEPCK). The decrease in renal PEPCK activity occurs within 3 days and reflects a corresponding reduction in renal PEPCK mRNA abundance. This, in turn, is due to a selective inhibition of renal PEPCK gene transcription. Expression of several other renal genes is unaffected by CsA, as is expression of the PEPCK gene in liver. Thus, the effects of CsA are organ-specific and do not represent a general cytotoxic effect on proximal tubule cells. These results suggest that selective inhibition of the activity of a transcription factor(s) required for expression of specific genes in renal tubules may play a role in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.
Putting Inner Loops Automatically in Silicon

Many of the time consuming inner loops are inherently regular and parallel. These are exactly the structures that are well suited for VLSI implementation. As a result, it will become increasingly common to have subroutines that are directly executeable in silicon. Does it imply that in the near future many large computations can be effectively carried out by small computers equipped with silicon subroutines? This talk will present a simplied characterization of the silicon subroutine approach, and discuss systolic architectures—a powerful method for implementing cost-effective silicon subroutines for computations such as pattern matching and error-correcting. CAD systems at CMU that have made it possible for us to design some rather complex chips, such as a programmable systolic chip, will also be briefly described.
Fatty Acid Synthetase of Developing Brain and Liver CONTENT, SYNTHESIS, AND DEGRADATION DURING DEVELOPMENT

Abstract Immunochemical techniques have been utilized to study the content, synthesis, and degradation of the fatty acid synthetase in liver and brain during development and in various nutritional states. The distinctive changes in synthetase activity during development of both tissues are related entirely to changes in content of enzyme. During fasting and fat-free feeding, in contrast to the lack of change in synthetase activity of brain, there are dramatic alterations in hepatic activity. These changes are related entirely to changes in content of enzyme in liver. During development of brain the rate of synthesis of the enzyme decreases. In developing liver, when synthetase activity rises at the time of weaning, there is a marked acceleration of synthesis of enzyme. During fasting, when hepatic synthetase concentration falls drastically, there is a considerable reduction in synthesis of enzyme, and when animals are refed a fat-free diet, a remarkable increase in enzyme synthesis occurs, confirming earlier reports. The rate of fatty acid synthetase degradation in brain of adult animals differs considerably from that in liver; the half-lives are 6.4 and 2.8 days, respectively. In young suckling animals the rate of degradation of the enzyme in brain is markedly accelerated (t1/2 = 1.9 days), whereas in liver there is little change (t1/2 = 2.3 days). The most profound change in degradation of synthetase in liver occurs during fasting when the t1/2 decreases to 18 hours. No changes were observed in degradation in brain during fasting or fat-free feeding. Rate constants for synthesis and degradation of fatty acid synthetase in liver and brain during development and in the various nutritional states were derived; these quantitatively accounted for the differences in content of the enzyme in these tissues. In developing liver the dramatic elevation in synthetase content apparent after weaning is associated with an acceleration of enzyme synthesis but no change in rate of enzyme degradation. The changes in enzyme content during development of brain are accompanied by alterations in the rates of synthesis and degradation of fatty acid synthetase. Both processes are more rapid in the brain of the young suckling animal than in the mature animal. These observations represent the first direct measurements of rates of synthesis and degradation of an enzyme in mammalian brain.
Modeling compaction and isostatic compensation in SEDSIM for basin analysis and subsurface fluid flow

The clastic sedimentation simulation program SEDSIM has been extended for basin-scale applications to model compaction and isostatic compensation. A “microgeometrical” model after Marion (1990) was used to assign initial porosity to simulated synthetic sediment layers consisting of continous mixtures of different grain sizes. This model has been confirmed under different stress conditions by experimental data (Yin et al. 1988) and can be used to model compaction as the consequence of changes in sediment porosity due to overburden and pore fluid pressure. Permeability, which is an important parameter for subsurface fluid flow, is determined by the Kozeny-Charman equation (Palciauscas 1986). Isostatic compensation is modeled as flexure of an inhomogeneous elastic plate, involving the buoyancy force of the underlying conventional basin analysis techniques. As an example application, the development of a delta was modeled over one million years and the resulting stratigraphic sequence was then buried beneath 3,000 meters of sand-rich sediments.
A spectrophotometric investigation of the pepsinogen-pepsin conversion.

Abstract A spectrophotometric assay of the conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin is described. This assay allows accurate investigations at early stages in the reaction which demonstrate that the conversion is more complex than a simple autocatalytic process and that a unimolecular self activation may also be involved. Evidence is presented for a rapid reversible conformational change in the pepsinogen molecule to what may be an intermediate in the conversion.
Silver embedded nanostars for SERS with internal reference (SENSIR)

We report the synthesis of a unique hybrid nanoplatform consisting of silver-embedded gold nanostars that entraps a reference dye between the gold and silver surfaces, providing an internal reference signal for quantitative surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis without the need for aggregation. The unique geometry of the nanostar provides SERS enhancement in a non-aggregated state for analytes on the exterior surface of the particle. When an equivalent structure was created using gold nanospheres as the core, no SERS signal from the analyte was observed until aggregation was induced by the addition of salt. Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) was used as a model analyte to demonstrate this proof of concept. The use of the internal standard to reduce SERS signal variability was demonstrated in a highly scattering medium and at various particle concentrations, to simulate conditions that may be encountered with real-world samples. This novel, internal reference containing nanostructure will aid quantitative SERS analysis in complex media.
Herding behavior in institutional investors: Evidence from China’s stock market

This paper tests how institutional herding affects future excess stock returns in China’s stock market. By employing a hand-collected institutional holding database, we create the herding measure following Lakonishok at el. (1992). The results suggest that both short-term and long-term future excess stock returns are positively correlated with the herding measure. The results hold true for next-day, next-quarter, and next-year excess stock returns. Furthermore, herding effect is found mostly significant on buy side herd and herding affects excess stock returns more significantly during the crisis period. By testing the herding effect for different stock portfolios, we find that when institutional investors herd on larger, value or liquid stocks, the price effect is stronger and short lived, but when institutional investors herd on smaller, growth, or illiquid stocks, the price effect lasts much longer. Finally, persistent herd activities are positively associated with excess stock returns for short to medium time periods (one month and one quarter), but are negatively associated with excess stock returns for a long run.
Joint attention and lexical acquisition style.

Recent research has documented systematic individual differences in early lexical development. The current study investigated the relation ship of these differences to differences in the way mothers and children regulate each other's attentional states. Mothers of 6 one-year-olds kept diary records and were videotaped with their children at monthly intervals as well. Language measures from the diary were related to measures of attention manipulation and maintenance derived from a coding of the videotaped interactions. Results showed that when mothers initiated interactions by directing their child's attention, rather than by following into it, their child learned fewer object labels and more personal-social words. Dyads who maintained sustained bouts of joint attentional focus had children with larger vocabularies overall. It was concluded that the way mothers and children regulate each other's attention is an important factor in children's early lexical development.
Position Control of a Square-plate Ionic Polymer Actuator Using Output Feedback

Ionic polymer materials exhibit coupling between the electrical, chemical, and mechanical domains that enables their use as both sensors and actuators. Because these materials are flexible and operate on battery-level voltages, they have received considerable attention in the recent years. While a universally accepted model for actuation is still in development, an empirical model is developed here between input current and center-point deflection of a square-plate polymer actuator that is clamped at its four corners. Characterization results show that a nonlinear model is needed due to the low frequency harmonic distortion that is present in the response. The square-plate actuator is used to demonstrate the potential that ionic polymers have in shape control applications for flexible structures, such as deformable mirrors. In this article, the authors demonstrate a tracking control concept, wherein the reference command signals are meant to correspond to focus adjustments in a lens.
Delay defect diagnosis using segment network faults

An objective of delay fault diagnosis is to enable characterization of the source and nature of timing failure in an integrated circuit. However, the most commonly studied defect models (the gate-delay and path-delay fault models) do not adequately capture the complex timing characteristics that a delay fault can exhibit. In this work, we present a novel diagnostic technique that is used to extract an accurate delay fault model we call a segment network fault without the need for any timing information. In our simulation-based experiments, we successfully diagnose delay faults of varying complexity demonstrating the usefulness of the new delay fault model for the purposes of delay defect characterization.
Model management issues and directions

Abstract This paper examines two fundamental issues of model management: What is it that is being managed and what is the DSS context in which model management occurs. How a researcher answers these questions will shape ensuing research efforts. We then consider research directions that have been pursued in terms of the issues of developer tools, analysis dynamics, and usage settings. We conclude with a new direction for model management research, which involves a hyperknowledge paradigm.
Choriocarcinoma: blocking factor and monoclonal antibody iodine 131 imaging

Postoperative iodine 131 monoclonal antibody localization in metastatic choriocarcinoma was accomplished in this study. The monoclonal antibody was prepared to male choriocarcinoma which cross reacted with gestational choriocarcinoma. The antibody was raised against whole choriocarcinoma cells and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) cross reactivity was excluded. The purified antibody was iodinated with 131I and successfully imaged BeWo choriocarcinoma transplanted in nude mice; however, imaging of choriocarcinoma in a patient was verified only after resection. It is our belief that failure to sufficiently concentrate the antibody in the tumor before operation was due to blocking factor in the serum of the patient. Blocking factor and hCG dropped postoperatively. Blocking factor activity in 15 patients with metastatic trophoblastic disease was monitored and, like hCG, was found to be a sensitive indicator of the presence of disease. Its efficacy may be in the small number of patients without hCG but with persistent disease.
Rural women and irrigation: Patriarchy, class, and the modernizing state in South India

Abstract Irrigation is the major strategy used by ‘'modernizing'’ states in India and throughout the Third World to raise agricultural productivity and surpluses. This paper shows that irrigation is not gender‐neutral, focusing on how canal irrigation affects women's work and lives in Andhra Pradesh, India. First, it delineates the particular consequences for women of state‐sponsored irrigation. It then focuses on transformations in the sexual division of labor, workloads, and the labor process for women of different classes and castes and shows how the economic and physical burdens of agricultural intensification have fallen most heavily on women of agricultural labor and marginal cultivator households. It concludes by suggesting policy measures that can meet poor women's basic livelihood needs and points out that only working class women's organizations will be able to change the preoccupation of the state with modernization, the inequitable distribution of resources, and the stranglehold of patriarchy.
Screw dislocations in complex, low symmetry oxides: core structures, energetics, and impact on crystal growth.

Determining the atomic structure and the influence of defects on properties of low symmetry oxides have long been an engineering pursuit. Here, we focus on five thermodynamically reversible monoclinic and orthorhombic polymorphs of dicalcium silicates (Ca2SiO3)—a key cement constituent—as a model system and use atomistic simulations to unravel the interplay between the screw dislocation core energies, nonplanar core structures, and Peierls stresses along different crystallographic planes. Among different polymorphs, we found that the α polymorphs (α-C2S) has the largest Peierls stress, corresponding to the most brittle polymorph, which make it attractive for grinding processes. Interestingly, our analyses indicate that this polymorphs has the lowest dislocation core energy, making it ideal for reactivity and crystal growth. Generally, we identified the following order in terms of grinding efficiency based on screw dislocation analysis, α-C2S > αH-C2S > αL-C2S > β-C2S > γ-C2S, and the following order in te...
61-year-old man with dyspnea and bilateral foot drop.

61-year-old man was transferred to Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, because of dyspnea, rash, and bilateral leg weakness. He had a 16-year history of severe asthma. Eight weeks before our evaluation, the patient presented to his local physician because of cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and fever. Lower respiratory tract infection with asthma exacerbation was diagnosed, and he was treated with oral antibiotics and corticosteroids, in addition to bronchodilators by metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Six weeks later the patient was admitted to a local hospital because of persistent respiratory symptoms and fever unresponsive to outpatient therapy. At that time, his white blood cell (WBC) count was 32 × 10 9 /L (reference ranges shown parenthetically) (3.5-10.5 × 10 9 /L) with 62% eosinophils (0%-7%). Chest radiography revealed bilateral alveolar infiltrates. Bronchoscopy was negative for structural abnormalities, and culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was negative. The patient was treated with nebulized bronchodilators and intravenously administered antibiotics and corticosteroids. During hospitalization, he developed a purpuric, nonblanching rash on his torso and lower extremities. Additionally, the patient complained of paresthesias in his distal lower extremities. The paresthesias gradually progressed, and he developed left hand weakness, bilateral lower extremity weakness, and difficulty with ambulation.
How to be an infinitist about doxastic justification

Given Bergmann's skepticism about the importance of propositional justification, before turning to a discussion of the three objections, I want to make clear why I began with a discussion of propositional justification and why that type of justification is interesting. (I will also return to it in the concluding comments.) Recall that I said that a proposition, h, is propositionally justified for S just in case there is an epistemically adequate basis for h that is available to S; and that a belief that h is doxastically justified for S when and only when S is acting in an epistemically responsible manner in believing that h. I said that:
Ultrasound detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm

US is becoming a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic tool in emergency medicine training and practice. Its use in detecting an AAA is efficient and practical and can occur concurrently with resuscitation. US of the abdominal aorta has been shown to be highly accurate for the detection of AAA and to decrease the time to operative repair of ruptured AAA. The emergency physician should consider using US to search for an AAA in any patient presenting with abdominal or back pain or with shock of unknown etiology.
Preparation of Aluminum Powder Briquets for Spectrochemical Analysis

A procedure is described for preparation of aluminum powder briquets for spectrochemical analysis. To prevent die seizure and to facilitate handling of the briquet, the powdered sample is loaded into an aluminum cap and pressed. Data are presented for this type sample that has been analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy with point-to-plane spark excitation and by x-ray fluorescence.
Joint Preservation of the Knee: Alternatives to Arthroplasty

There is a wide spectrum of chondral disease of the knee. Not all early knee problems are just “early arthritis” - these chondral diseases have numerous etiologies such as focal traumatic chondral injury, meniscal disease and root tears, ligament instability, malalignment, AVN (avascular necrosis), inflammatory conditions and systemic diseases. The surgical management of chondral disease is dependent on many factors including accurate diagnosis, location of disease, grade and extent of disease, nature of concomitant injuries and the soft tissue envelope around the knee. The goals of joint preservation surgery are to delay and minimize degeneration, decrease pain, increase function and avoid further articular cartilage damage. There are numerous alternative to arthroplasty and these can be performed all arthroscopic, all open or a conjunction of the two techniques. Operative management of chondral injury includes procedures for small lesions which include microfracture, OATS (osetochondral autograft tranplantion) and synthetic plugs. For larger lesions, allografts are ACI (autlogous chondrocyte implantation) are more commonly used. A critical decision is whether a concomitant osteotomy is necessary or is just an osteotomy in itself sufficient without an intra-articular procedure. The goals of this talk will be to guide the physician to learn how to choose the best procedure in the best patient using an evidence based approach.
Synthesis of proton-ionizable acyclic, macrocyclic and macrobicyclic compounds containing one or two triazole groups

New acyclic, macrocyclic and macrobicyclic compounds containing one or two proton-ionizable triazole groups are prepared and characterized. The series includes six podands, a macrocycle with one triazole and one pyridine unit in the ring, a bis-triazolo macrocycle with four pentafluorobenzyl substitutents, and two bis(crown ethers) with a triazolo group connecting the two polyether rings. The solid-state structure and solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide are determined for the bis-triazolo macrocycle with pendant pentafluorobenzyl groups.
Ten-inch molecular beam epitaxy production system for HgCdTe growth

Growth of Hg1−xCdxTe by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been under development since the early 1980s at Rockwell Scientific Company (RSC), formerly the Rockwell Science Center; and we have shown that high-performance and highly reproducible MBE HgCdTe double heterostructure planar p-on-n devices can be produced with high throughput for various single- and multiplecolor infrared applications. In this paper, we present data on Hg1−xCdxTe epitaxial layers grown in a ten-inch production MBE system. For growth of HgCdTe, standard effusion cells containing CdTe and Te were used, in addition to a Hg source. The system is equipped with reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and spectral ellipsometry in addition to other fully automated electrical and optical monitoring systems. The HgCdTe heterostructures grown in our large ten-inch Riber 49 MBE system have outstanding structural characteristics with etch-pit densities (EPDs) in the low 104 cm−2 range, Hall carrier concentration in low 1014 cm−3, and void density <1000 cm2. The epilayers were grown on near lattice-matched (211)B Cd0.96Zn0.04Te substrates. High-performance mid wavelength infrared (MWIR) devices were fabricated with R0A values of 7.2×106 Ω-cm2 at 110 K, and the quantum efficiency without an antireflection coating was 71.5% for cutoff wavelength of 5.21 µm at 37 K. For short wavelength infrared (SWIR) devices, an R0A value of 9.4×105 Ω-cm2 at 200 K was obtained and quantum efficiency without an antireflection coating was 64% for cutoff wavelength of 2.61 µm at 37 K. These R0A values are comparable to our trend line values in this temperature range.
Feminist Theology and the New Imperialism

Feminist theologians must address the impacts of globalization and rising imperialism of the United States by turning their attention to nation-state, nationalism and empire building. This requires a critical analysis of the Bible and empire, a reconstruction of theological anthropology and Christology, and a critique of religion and violence. Through feminist social practices, theologians can work to strengthen solidarity among women across national, racial, economic and religious boundaries.
Do differences in presidential economic advisers matter

Using data on members on the Council of Economic Advisors as well as US Treasury secretaries and OMB directors from 1952 through 2005, I investigate the effect of economic advisors’ educational and employment backgrounds on the time series performance of several policy variables. Ivy League advisors appear to raise non-defense government spending, although the size of the impact differs by president. While voter preferences appear to matter for a wider variety of policy variables (changes in federal regulation and marginal tax rates), the share of Ivy League advisors is at least as important as voter preferences in explaining non-defense spending.
Chronic Treatment with Naltrexone Prevents Memory Retention Deficits in Rats Poisoned with the Sarin Analog Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and Treated with Atropine and Pralidoxime

Humans and rats poisoned with sarin develop chronic neurological disabilities that are not prevented with standardized antidotal therapy. We hypothesized that rats poisoned with the sarin analogue diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and resuscitated with atropine and pralidoxime would have long-term memory deficits that were preventable with naltrexone treatment. Long Evans rats (250–275 g) were randomized to: DFP (N = 8): single subcutaneous (SC) injection of DFP (5 mg/kg). Treatment (N = 9): DFP (5 mg/kg) followed by chronic naltrexone (5 mg/kg/day × 12 weeks). Control (N = 12): single SC injection of isopropyl alcohol, (DFP vehicle) followed by chronic naltrexone (5 mg/kg/day). If toxicity developed after injection, antidotal therapy was initiated with atropine (2 mg/kg) and pralidoxime (25 mg/kg) and repeated as needed. After 12 weeks, rats underwent testing for place learning (acquisition) across 5 days of training using the Morris Water Maze. On day 6 a memory retention test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Rats receiving DFP rapidly developed toxicity requiring antidotal rescue. No differences in acquisition were seen between the DFP vs. DFP + naltrexone rats. During memory testing, DFP-poisoned rats spent significantly less time (29.4 ± 2.11 versus 38.5 ± 2.5 s, p 0.05) on the test for memory retention. Poisoning with DFP induced impaired memory retention. Deficits were not prevented by acute rescue with atropine and pralidoxime. Chronic naltrexone treatment led to preserved memory after DFP poisoning.
Effects of Cocaine on Cortisol Secretion in Humans

The effects of acute cocaine administration on the pituitary adrenal axis in humans without a history of drug abuse are unknown. The authors studied 12 male volunteers twice in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized fashion. After intranasal administration of 2 mg/kg cocaine, cortisol levels were significantly higher than after placebo administration. The authors concluded that acute administration of cocaine to humans increases cortisol secretion.
Institutional technology and economic growth

An endogenous model of constitutional changes and economic growth links the temporal decline in private market returns when technology is constant with the returns to rule changes realized in a political market. There is a steady state constitutional setting in which all rule changes have been incorporated that is analytically equivalent to the neoclassical steady state. As in the neoclassical model, private-sector technological progress postpones the steady state. To the extent the original constitutional setting promotes innovation, the evolutionary process toward the steady state is delayed. The model yields a theory of revolution based on forces leading to the adoption of inefficient changes in the constitutional setting.
A southwest oncology group phase I study of the sequential combination of recombinant interferon-γ and recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with cancer

Thirty-seven patients with advanced malignancies were treated sequentially with recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in an outpatient dose escalation clinical trial. rIFN-gamma (0.1 or 0.25 mg/m2/day) was administered by intramuscular injection, days 1-7 and rIL-2 (12, 18, or 24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day) was administered by a 15-min intravenous bolus, days 8-12. Common toxicities encountered included fever, chills, fatigue, neutropenia, and elevations of SGOT, bilirubin, or creatinine. Hypotension and cardiac and pulmonary toxicities were rare. With repeated cycles of therapy, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea associated with the administration of rIL-2 were seen in greater frequency. There were no treatment-related deaths, and no patient required intensive care unit admission for toxicity management. A complete response was observed in one of 11 patients with renal cancer and a partial response was observed in one of seven patients with malignant melanoma. Due to problems with drug supply, further dose escalation could not be continued, and maximum tolerated doses (MTD) were not determined by strict criteria. However, the combination of rIFN-gamma, 0.25 mg/m2/day, and rIL-2, 24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day, appeared to be beyond the MTD, as three of six patients at this dose level could not complete one cycle of therapy due to toxicity. It is unlikely that higher doses of either agent would be tolerated, and for further study using this schedule, we recommend the doses: rIFN-gamma, 0.1 mg/m2/day, and rIL-2, 24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day.
29A. A Model for Integrative Women's Health in an Interprofessional and Academic Setting: Vision, Implementation, and Sustainability.

Focus Area: Sustainable Business Models Conventional women's healthcare has been evolving beyond a reproduction-based model, creating a paradigm shift in obstetric and gynecologic ambulatory care. This system change is driven by a triad of influences: women being the most frequent users of complementary and alternative medicine, a rapid aging of the population with an increased life expectancy, and a mandate for women's preventive care fostering health and well-being. Women's Health Specialists Clinic at the University of Minnesota is a comprehensive integrative women's clinic serving an urban, diverse community on the banks of the Mississippi River. It has a commitment to changing the lives of women through expert integrative clinical care, education, and research. The clinic participates in the education of a number of healthcare students and integrates the complementary modalities of acupuncture, Reiki therapy, integrative nutrition, and health coaching into the teaching and practice experience. The University of Minnesota's Academic Health Center was selected by the Health Resources and Services Administration in 2012 to lead a new coordinating center that will provide national leadership in the field of interprofessional education and collaborative practice among health professionals. This designation provides an opportunity for cutting-edge innovation and leadership in the academic-based clinical setting. Women's Health Care Specialists Clinic is poised to significantly impact the next generation of women's healthcare professionals by moving from theoretical models of interprofessional education to integrative practice models. This session will explore the challenges and successes of building an integrative clinic in an academic setting with an interprofessional education program creating the foundation for team-based interdisciplinary care. The process of envisioning, implementing, and sustaining will be presented by an interprofessional team of integrative healthcare professionals in an interactive learning experience.
Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Dispersal in the Southern United States: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Variation

An understanding of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) dispersal behavior is essential to characterizing and responding to the threat of migration into eradication zones. Genetic variation in boll weevil mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sampled and analyzed to make inferences on the magnitude and geographic pattern of genetic differentiation among weevil populations from 20 locations across eight U.S. states and northeast Mexico. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis was conducted on a 12.4-kb amplicon of mtDNA from each of 419 individuals. A total of 28 distinct mtDNA haplotypes, 17 of which were unique to single locations, were identified from restriction reactions of 10 informative endonucleases. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity was generally greater in southern than northern populations and was greater in the east than the west among northern populations. Genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations was pronounced, and phylogenetic analyses revealed two major clades corresponding to these regions. These results are consistent with historical boll weevil range expansion into the southeastern United States from Mexico and a secondary colonization of the High Plains. Evidence suggests that gene flow is limited between eastern and western populations but is relatively high among populations within the eastern region. In addition, estimates of gene flow indicate that migration between locations separated by <300 km is frequent.
A flexible MMOF exhibiting high selectivity for CO2 over N2, CH4 and other small gases

A flexible microporous metal organic framework structure, [Zn(2)(bpdc)(2)bpe]·2DMF, exhibits high selectivity in adsorbing CO(2) over N(2), CH(4) and a number of other small gases at room temperature and low pressure.
Massive Hemopericardium in a Patient with Postmyocardial Infarction Syndrome

A 44-year-old man sustained a transmural inferolateral myocardial infarction and began to show signs of postmyocardial infarction syndrome (Dressler's syndrome) one week after infarction. Anticoagulant therapy had been initiated for suspected pulmonary thromboembolism. Administration of steroids did not improve the patient's clinical condition or the results of laboratory investigations. A massive pericardial effusion was diagnosed clinically, and this diagnosis was confirmed by a pericardial scan using 99 mtechnetium. Subsequently, 1,800 ml of Moody fluid was removed from the pericardial cavity, and following the pericardiocentesis, the patient became asymptomatic. This case reemphasizes the hazards of anticoagulant therapy in patients with the postmyocardial infarction syndrome.
Organizational Commitment Among Japanese and U.S. Workers

The 'psychological model' of organizational commitment has been widely investigated with respect to U.S. workers, but less frequently applied in cross-cultural studies. Results from a survey of 7,000 Japanese and U.S. production workers, reported here, indicated that the Japanese respondents expressed lower levels of organizational commitment than U.S. respondents. The variance explained in commitment by so-called 'Japanese management system' variables — organization structure and context, perceived job characteristics and personal practices — was also lower for Japanese respondents than for U.S. respondents. Implications for current models of commitment are considered; a new heuristic for studying commitment is pro posed.
Physical basis for auditory frequency analysis in field crickets (Gryllidae)

1. The large posterior tympanic membrane in intact field crickets vibrates up to several hundred. Angstroms in response to sounds of the same frequency and intensity as the cricket's calling song. The mechanical response is linear (Fig. 3), shows a peak near 5kHz (Figs. 2, 5), and the membrane vibrates in the same simple mode in response to tones from 4 to 20kHz (Fig. 4). 2. Reducing the movement of the large tympanic membrane by covering it with vaseline or by tearing holes in it (Fig. 7) causes a corresponding decrease in sensitivity of auditory interneurons (Figs. 6, 8). 3. The measured vibration of the small tympanic membrane is of the same order of magnitude as that of the cuticle adjacent to the membrane and it shows no selective tuning. 4. Introducing helium into the leg trachea changes the sensitivity of auditory interneurons. Thresholds near 5kHz increase by up to 30 dB and thresholds near 18kHz decrease by up to 13 dB (Fig. 9). This shift in tuning of the organ appears to be due to a change in the resonant frequency of the leg trachea. 5. Acoustical calculations are consistent with our conclusion that the dominant tuning of the large tympanic membrane and of the organ to 5 kHz is due to a tracheal resonance.
Lack of association between induction of dominant-lethal mutations and induction of heritable translocations with benzo[a]pyrene in postmeiotic germ cells of male mice.

Abstract Benzo[ a ]pyrene was tested for induction of dominant-lethal mutations in germ cells of male mice. Clear-cut dominant-lethal effects were induced in middle and early spermatoza. In contrast to the dominant-lethal effects observed the study showed no detectable increase in hertiable translocations for these stages over the spontaneous level. Thus, the results provide another example of a chemical mutagen that is effective in inducing dominant-lethal mutations but relatively ineffective in inducing heritable translocations in male postmeiotic germ cells.
Chapter 173 – Phosphodiesterase Families

Publisher Summary There are 11 known phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene families, each with their own distinct characteristics. The phosphodiesterases share the same organizational structure. Each protein has an N-terminal domain that confers regulatory properties to the protein, followed by a more C-terminal ∼270 amino acid catalytic domain and a short C-terminal tail. The sequence identity in the catalytic domain between genes is only about 35 percent, yet all PDEs possess the signature sequence H-D-X2-H-X4-N. The substrate specificities of the different PDE families run the gamut from dual-specificity PDEs to those that are highly specific for either cAMP or cGMP. The PDE1 proteins have two Ca2+/calmodulin binding domains, and binding of calmodulin to these PDEs stimulates their activity. The PDE2, PDE5, PDE6, PDE10, and PDE11 proteins all have allosteric, cyclic nucleotide-binding domains known to be part of the larger GAF domain family. The PDE4 family, a large family of enzymes with four genes and many splice variants, is responsible for the majority of basal cAMP-hydrolyzing activity in many cell types. Different PDEs are subject to protein phosphorylation by a variety of kinases that can alter PDE activity. In pancreatic β cells, PDE3B can be phosphorylated and activated by PKB in response to leptin stimulation. Various members of the PDE4 family can be phosphorylated and regulated by PKA and ERK. PDE5 can be phosphorylated by PKG, stabilizing it ability to bind and be activated by cGMP. The PDE superfamily comprises a complex set of enzymes that can provide cross-talk between the cGMP and cAMP pathways, and with Ca2+/CaM-dependent pathways and various kinase pathways, and allow the cell exquisite control of cyclic nucleotide dynamics.
PION PRODUCTION BY PIONS

A liquid hydrogen target was bombarded by negative pions of energies 260. 317, 371, and 427 Mev. Positive pions from the reaction pi /sup -/ + p yields pi /sup +/ + pi /sup -/ + n were dete cted by the use of a counter telescope, that selected the pi /sup +/ by its characteristic pi - mu decay. With the 260-Mev beam, pi /sup +/ mesons were counted at 90 deg in the laboratory system. At measured for pi /sup +/ mesons emitted at 60 deg , 90 deg , 125 deg , and 160 deg in the center-of-mass system. The angular distributions are nearly isotropic at 317 and 371 Mev but are peaked forward at 427 Mev. The total cross sections are 0.14 plus or minus 0.10 mbat26O Mev, 0.71 plus or minus 0.17 mb at3l7Mev, 1.93 plus or minus 0.37mb at 371 Mev, and 3.36 plus or minus 0.74 mb at 427 Mev. These results indicate a much larger cross section than the theoretical prediction based on the static model. Reasonable agreement can be obtained by the inclusion of a pion-pion interaction in the production mechanism. (auth)
Barbital alteration of central nervous system sensitivity to hexobarbital in the rat

Alteration in central nervous system (CNS) sensitivity to the hypnotic effect of the hexobarbital was assessed by analytical, electroencephalographic, and pharmacokinetic techniques in barbital-treated rats. Each of these conceptually diverse experimental methodologies yielded similar conclusions concerning the alteration of CNS sensitivity by barbital treatment.
Alkalinity production as an indicator of failure in steel slag leach beds treating acid mine drainage

Acid mine drainage is a serious environmental problem throughout mining regions of the US and around the world. In Appalachia, reuse of steel slag from steel production as a source of alkalinity for treatment of acid mine drainage has become a common practice. In these systems, dubbed steel slag leach beds, relatively clean surface water is percolated through a bed of steel slag to add large amounts of alkalinity to the water before mixing it with acidic, metalliferous mine water. These beds do not operate consistently and their failure mechanisms are poorly understood. Using the experience of Raccoon Creek watershed in southern Ohio, the alkalinity distribution of the discharge of six steel slag leach beds is compared. Two of these beds are still functional, one has been abandoned and three are operating poorly. The difference in alkalinity distribution between these beds suggests that a carbonate-dominated alkalinity system is an indicator of a poorly performing steel slag leach bed, while a more even distribution between hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate may point to more ideal operating conditions. In eight laboratory column experiments, this evidence was then expanded upon by testing different mixed media substrates (differing mixes of steel slag, wood chips and river gravel) to see which provided the most ideal alkalinity distributions. The columns that had steel slag mixed either with wood chips or wood chips and river gravel outperformed the column with slag only in terms of alkalinity distribution, perhaps due to microbial processes or increased hydraulic conductivity without significant added calcium or carbon that could drive calcium carbonate precipitation within the beds and causing them to fail.
Ion Chromatography-Photodiode Array UV-Visible Detection of Cr(III) Hydrolytic Polymerization Products in Pure and Natural Waters.

Hydrolytic polymerization of Cr(III) aqua ions was investigated in pure Milli-Q water and in surface waters, using Sephadex column fractionation followed by nonsuppressed ion chromatography (IC) with UV detection at λ 462 nm. Pure and natural waters spiked with 0.04 M Cr(III) were fractionated on Sephadex columns into four fractions using eluents with increasing ionic strength. Fractions were analyzed for total Cr by atomic absorption, and recoveries ranged from 94 to 101%. Fractions representing monomeric and low oligomeric Cr (III) species were subjected to IC using a low-capacity mixed resin column and a mobile phase consisting of 2 M NaClO4/0.02 M HClO4 at pH 4.50. Monomeric Cr(III) species were detected in the IC chromatograms of the freshly prepared Cr(III) solution with capacity factors (k‘) ranging from 0.05 to 0.40. In the 3-days-aged samples, dimeric and trimeric peaks with k‘ = 1.09 and 1.70, respectively, were detected. Monomeric, dimeric and trimeric Cr(III) peaks collected from the IC prepar...
Effects of Agricultural Limestone on Water Chemistry, Phytoplankton Productivity, and Fish Production in Soft Water Ponds

Abstract Five ponds treated with agricultural limestone and five control ponds were stocked with Tilapia aurea and fertilized every 2 weeks with ammonium nitrate and triple superphosphate. Initially, total hardness and total alkalinity of the waters in the 10 ponds averaged 7.8 and 13.7 mg/liter, respectively. Liming caused a fourfold increase in total hardness and total alkalinity. Limed ponds had higher rates of phytoplankton productivity and yielded a 25% greater weight of fish than control ponds.