cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Mobile Malware and Solutions

Mobile Security has been a rapidly growing field in the security area. With the increases of mobile devices and mobile applications, the need for mobile security has increased dramatically over the past several years. Many research and development projects on mobile security are ongoing in government, industry and academia. In this paper, we present an analysis of current mobile security problems and propose the possible solutions to malware threats. Our experiments show antimalware can protect mobile device from different types of mobile malware threats effectively.
A Carboxylate-Bridged Non-Heme Diiron Dinitrosyl Complex.

The reaction of nitric oxide with the carboxylate-bridged diiron(II) complex [Fe(2)(Et-HPTB)(O(2)CPh)](BF(4))(2) (1a) afforded the dinitrosyl adduct, [Fe(2)(NO)(2)(Et-HPTB)(O(2)CPh)](BF(4))(2) (1b), where Et-HPTB = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(N-ethyl-2-benzimidazolylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane, in 69% yield. Compound 1b further reacts with dioxygen to form the bis(nitrato) complex, [Fe(2)(Et-HPTB)(NO(3))(2)(OH)](BF(4))(2) (1c). The structure of 1b was determined by X-ray crystallography (triclinic, Po, a = 13.5765(8) A, b = 15.4088(10) A, c = 16.2145(10) A, alpha = 73.656(1) degrees, beta = 73.546(1) degrees, gamma = 73.499(1) degrees, V = 3043.8(7) A(3), T = -80 degrees C, Z = 2, and R = 0.085 and R(w) = 0.095 for 5644 independent reflections with I > 3sigma(I)). The two nitrosyl units are equivalent with an average Fe-N-O angle of 167.4 +/- 0.8 degrees. Spectroscopic characterization of solid 1b revealed an NO stretch at 1785 cm(-)(1) in the infrared and Mossbauer parameters of delta = 0.67 mm s(-)(1) and DeltaE(Q) = 1.44 mm s(-)(1) at 4.2 K. These data are comparable to those for other {FeNO}(7) systems. An S = (3)/(2) spin state was assigned from magnetic susceptibility studies to the two individual {FeNO} centers, each of which has a nitrosyl ligand antiferromagnetically coupled to iron. A least-squares fit of the chi vs temperature plots to a theoretical model yielded an exchange coupling constant J of -23 cm(-)(1), where H = -2JS(1).S(2), indicating that the two S = (3)/(2) centers are antiferromagnetically coupled to one another. An extended Huckel calculation on a model complex, [Fe(2)(NO)(2)(NH(3))(6)(O(2)CH)(OH)](2+), revealed that the magnitudes of Fe-N-O angles are dictated by pi-bonding interactions between the Fe d(xz)() and NO pi orbitals.
MeV implantation masking using an aluminum gallium arsenide metal liftoff layer

An alternative masking method for high‐voltage ion implantation masking of compound semiconductors which incorporates an additional AlGaAs layer between a Pb/Cr/Au metal mask and the sample to be implanted is described. Following patterning by conventional techniques and implantation, the AlGaAs layer is selectively etched to remove the metal mask without damaging the underlying epitaxial structure.
Of Daffodils and Farmers: Literature, Agriculture Students and Ecological Awareness

In a small Midwestern liberal arts college, a class focusing on ‘Farming and Rural Life in Literature’ attracted a large number of agriculture students. Although many disliked and avoided reading, ...
Microwave spectrum, dipole moment, and structure of 3-aminopropanol

Abstract The microwave spectra of 3-aminopropanol and three of its deuterium substituted isotopic species have been investigated in the 26.5 to 40 GHz frequency region. The rotational spectrum of only one conformer has been assigned in which presumably a hydrogen bond of the OH---N type exists. The rotational spectra of a number of excited vibrational states have been observed and assignments made for some of these excited states. The average intensity ratio for the rotational transitions between the ground and excited vibrational states indicates that the first excited state is about 120 cm −1 above the ground state.and the next higher state is roughly 200 cm −1 above the ground vibrational state. The dipole moment was determined from the Stark effect measurements to be 3.13 ± 0.04 D with its principal axes components as | μ a | = 2.88 ± 0.03 D, | μ b | = 1.23 ± 0.04 D and | μ c | = 0.06 ± 0.01 D. The possibility of another conformer where the hydrogen bond could be of NH---O type was explored, but the spectra of such a conformer could not be identified.
Enhancement of female receptivity in neonatally castrated males by prepuberal ovarian transplants.

Abstract Male rats castrated within 6 hr after birth had ovaries transplanted from littermates at 5, 15, or 25 days of age. All grafts were removed at 40 days of age and mating tests were initiated at either 50 or 90 days of age. Males developing with ovaries were more responsive to exogenous estrogen and progesterone at early and at later ages than nonimplanted castrated control animals. No differences in receptivity were associated with age at implantation. All groups tested initially at 50 days were more responsive on the first 2–3 mating experiences than those first tested at 90 days of age. By 584 days of age, ovarian-implanted but not castrated control males responded to replacement hormones with moderate levels of receptivity. After puberty and before initiation of testing and hormone injections, males developing with ovarian tissue had lighter body weights than the nonimplanted controls.
Vegetation in deserts: I. A regional measure of abundance from multispectral images

Abstract A method was tested in the semiarid Owens Valley, California for measuring sparse vegetation cover using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) multispectral images. Although green vegetation has a characteristic reflectance spectrum in the visible and near-infrared, using conventional image-processing methods, it has been difficult to quantify vegetation cover of less than about 40%, owing to the spectral dominance of the background soils and rocks. Thus multispectral images have been of limited use in mapping variations in vegetation cover in arid and semiarid regions. In this study fractions of vegetation, soils, and shading and shadow within the smallest resolution elements (30 × 30 m pixels) of the TM images were computed by applying a mixing model based on laboratory and field reference spectra. Fractions of vegetation were calculated for each pixel in TM images taken in December 1982 and May 1985, and the results were compared with ground transects. Despite spatial variations in background soil, temporal differences in satellite instrument response, and differences in atmospheric and lighting conditions, the fractions of vegetation computed from each image gave a spatially consistent measure of the projected vegetation cover. Results were obtained for a 150-km segment of Owens Valley; they indicate that the method can facilitate mapping and monitoring sparse vegetation cover over large regions covered by satellite images.
Long-Term Impact of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents on All-Cause Mortality

Objectives Our purpose was to examine the incidence of all-cause mortality among drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare-metal stents (BMS) while adjusting for many confounding factors generally not considered in prior studies. Background DES use in the U.S. declined by up to 50% in recent years, primarily due to concerns about late stent thrombosis and possibly increased mortality. However, recent data suggest that DES are as safe as BMS and may actually be associated with a lower incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality. Methods All patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with a DES or BMS alone from March 1, 2003, to June 30, 2007, at a tertiary care center were assessed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed for overall and propensity-matched patients. Socioeconomic status was calculated using U.S. Census 2000 data. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Results There were a total of 832 deaths over a 4.5-year interval among 8,032 patients. Of these, 6,053 received a DES and 1,983 patients had a BMS. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional models with DES (hazard ratio: 0.62, 95% confidence interval: 0.53 to 0.73; p Conclusions DES were associated with lower mortality in this “real-world” setting. However, despite multiple adjustments, potential confounding may still play a role.
Some reflections from abroad.

creative and innovative programs that may well be the envy of those who seek new and liberating solutions to the care of the chronic mentally ill. At the same time we have some systems of care whose gates are so rigidly kept that the most severely mentally ill individuals receive no services whatever. Many of them are homeless persons who seem unable to gain the social margin that they need in order to enter, or stay in, the service system. Services in Western Europe by contrast appear to gravitate toward the center. There seem to be fewer extravagant or strikingly dramatic programs; however, at the same time, relatively few persons within the population at risk seem to be entirely excluded from the system of care. It appears that most people get something, though it may not qualify as state-of-theart intervention according to standards set in American “model” programs (1).
Temporale Expression von acht Wachstumsfaktoren in Sehnen-Knochenheilung bei einem Ratten-Supraspinatus-Modell

Zusammenfassung Wachstumsfaktoren spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Supraspinatus-Sehnen-Knochen-Heilung. Unsere Hypothese ist, dass Wachstumsfaktoren individuelle zeitliche Expressionsprofile aufweisen, welche mit spezifischen Stadien der Sehnen-Knochen-Heilung der Supraspinatussehne korrelieren. Bei Ratten werden bilateral die Supraspinatussehnen chirurgisch rupturiert und anschliesend repariert. Fur bFGF, BMP-12, BMP-13, BMP-14, COMP, CTGF, PDGF-B und TGF-β1 erfolgen immunhistochemische Farbungen. Die Expression stieg bei allen Wachstumsfaktoren nach einer Woche an und normalisierte sich bzw. war nicht mehr detektierbar uber den Verlauf von 16 Wochen sowohl an der Insertion als auch im mittleren Teil der Sehne.
HVAC Systems As Emission Sources Affecting Indoor Air Quality: A Critical Review

This study evaluates literature on heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems as contaminant emission sources that affect indoor air quality (IAQ). The various literature sources and methods for characterizing HVAC emission sources are reviewed. Characterization methods include in situ tests, longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, and laboratory studies. A critique of the literature reveals that few studies are well-controlled, comprehensive and quantitative. Significant gaps in the data are highlighted and procedures are suggested to improve the characterization of bioaerosol and VOC (volatile organic compound) emission sources. Several HVAC components are cited frequently as emission sources, and there is broad agreement regarding their significance. These sources include biological growth and bioaerosol generation in the presence of moisture provided by air washers and other recirculating water systems, or by poor control of humidity, badly designed humidifying systems, and inadequatel...
Generalizing the Apple-Psych system

Each upgrade of computer hardware usually requires the development of new programming systems for psychological experimentation. Developing new software means learning a new system and unlearning an old one. To minimize this problem, a set of subroutine calls, derived from the Apple Psych system, can be implemented with different dialects of Pascal on different microcomputers.
Determining the significance of observed mutations in ovarian tumors using a random expectation model

Background and Objectives: Recent next generation sequencing studies of different cancers reveal a varied spectrum of mutations with patients having dozens to hundreds of mutations with little overlap in mutations between different patients. A difficult problem is to understand which of the observed mutations contribute to tumorigenesis. While several approaches have been used to determine significantly mutated genes, these approaches do not calculate random expectation mutation frequencies. Here, we develop a simulation of random mutagenesis and compare observed mutation frequencies (Fo) to random expectation frequencies (Fr) to identify genes that are likely to be selected for or against in tumors. Methods: Our random simulation method, implemented in Matlab, applies a different mutation probability for A or T bases, G or C bases and CpG repeats. Mutation simulation was done on Agilent's 50 Mb exon library. Mutations are reported on a gene level. Each simulation was run for 100 trials with each trial consisting of 316 repeats. The 100 trials enables calculation of standard deviations for random mutation frequencies. We also carried out a bootstrap analysis of observed data to estimate standard deviations of observed mutations. We calculated differences between Fo and Fr using ratio and rank comparisons. Results: We applied our approach to ovarian cancer data reported by the The Cancer Genome Atlas in 2011. We found a significant difference between observed mutations and random expectation mutations. Random mutations correlate well with the length of a gene (R2=0.54 for one trial) while almost no correlation is seen with observed mutations (R2=0.11). We also found one set of genes that is mutated at higher frequencies than expected while another set of genes is mutated at lower frequencies than expected. Conclusions: Our simulated mutagenesis method is a novel approach to determining significance of observed mutations in cancer. Application of this model to ovarian cancer data shows a significant discrepancy between expected and observed mutations possibly indicating that most observed gene mutations are selected for. In addition, our approach reveals specific genes that may be implicated in tumorigenesis. These genes are good candidates for further study.
ETIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERPLASIA INDUCED BY STREBLONEMA SP. (PHAEOPHYTA) ON MEMBERS OF THE LAMINARIALES (PHAEOPHYTA)1

Filaments of Streblonema sp. isolated from hyperplasia (galls) on Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. et Rupr. induced similar gall growths when inoculated on young sporophytes of Nereocystis luetkeana, Macrocystis integrifolia Bory, and Laminaria japonica Aresch. Filaments were irregularly branched and uniseriate with cells 5–8 μm in diameter and 10–30 μm long. Growth under varied cultured conditions produced unilocular sporangia. Zoospores released from the sporangia germinated into identical filaments which also formed unilocular sporangia. Gall tissue originated from the innermost cells of the epidermal meristematic zone. When infected these cells divided in an irregular and unorganized manner. The resulting structure was a pronounced departure from normal morphology.
IL-23 in infections, inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer: possible role in HIV-1 and AIDS.

The growing family of interleukin (IL)-12-like cytokines produced by activated macrophages and dendritic cells became the important players in the control of infections, development of inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. However, the role of one of them—heterodimer IL-23, which consists of IL12p40 and the unique p19 subunit in HIV-1 infection pathogenesis and progression to AIDS, represent special interest. We overviewed findings of IL-23 involvement in control of peripheral bacterial pathogens and opportunistic infection, central nervous system (CNS) viral infections and autoimmune disorders, and tumorogenesis, which potentially could be applicable to HIV-1 and AIDS.
Regulation of tissue transglutaminase gene expression as a molecular model for retinoid effects on proliferation and differentiation

Retinoids (structural and functional analogs of vitamin A) are potent antiproliferative agents whose mode of action is poorly understood. It has been suggested that the molecular events that underscore their action involve alterations in gene expression, but no gene has yet been shown to be directly regulated by these molecules. Several years ago, we found that retinoic acid caused an accumulation of the enzyme tissue transglutaminase in murine peritoneal macrophages and in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. We now report that this induction is caused by an increase in the mRNA for this enzyme. Retinoic acid is the only mediator of this induction, since its effects do not depend on the presence of serum proteins. The induction of tissue transglutaminase mRNA is not due to an increase in its stability but to an increase in the relative transcription rate of its gene. We present a model to correlate the retinoid induction of tissue transglutaminase with retinoid effects on cellular growth and differentiation.
Predictors, consequence, and measurement of ethical judgments: Review and meta-analysis

Abstract As a central construct in theories of ethical decision making, ethical judgments have been the subject of more than one hundred empirical studies. Despite its size, the ethical judgments literature seems to lack clarity in three areas. First, empirical results are sometimes inconsistent or contradictory across studies. Second, a broad array of diverse measures of ethical judgments raises concerns about research validity. Third, differences in sample composition may affect comparability of study results. To help resolve these issues, this study conducts a review and meta-analysis of the ethical judgments literature. The results offer insights in all three areas. They help resolve some of the inconsistencies in the relationships between ethical judgments and certain theoretical antecedents; they support the use of diverse measures of ethical judgments; and they offer caution in the use of student samples in ethical judgments research.
Time-symmetric quantum smoothing: A general theory of optimal quantum sensing

The important problem of optimal waveform estimation for quantum sensing is solved using a time-symmetric approach. The theory generalizes prior work in classical and quantum estimation and can significantly out-perform previously proposed techniques.
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Coaxial Electrospun Scaffolds for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

Coaxial electrospinning is a novel technique that allows the fabrication of composite nanofibers in a core-shell structure. This technique can be used to optimize the biological properties of a natural polymer (i.e. gelatin) and the mechanical properties of a synthetic polymer (i.e. polyvinyl alcohol). In this study, we fabricated coaxial nanofibers of gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for use in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Cellular adhesion and proliferation of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) is determined on coaxial nanofibers fabricated from a 1:1 and 3:1 (gelatin:PVA volumetric flow rate ratios), as well as nanofibers composed solely of gelatin or PVA. In addition, cellular migration on the coaxial nanofibers, gelatin nanofibers, and PVA nanofibers is determined for both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.© 2013 ASME
REGULATION OF THE INITIATION OF CHICK EMBRYO HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS.

The chick embryo begins rapid synthesis of hemoglobin in the blood islands of the extraembryonic mesoderm at the seven-somite stage (34 hours incubation at 38°C). Explants of potential hemoglobin synthesizing tissues were placed in organ cultures for 2 to 72 hours. The capacity of the explants from the head-fold and later stages of the embryo to form hemoglobin was not eliminated by high concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 5-fluorouracil or actinomycin D. However, the hemoglobin-forming system becomes somewhat resistant to 8-azaguanine after attaining the seven-somite stage. Fractionation of labeled RNA by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation showed that virtually all RNA synthesis except some turnover of 4 to 6 s RNA was eliminated within two hours after exposure to actinomycin D. This was confirmed autoradiographically. 8- Azaguanine reduced incorporation of uridine into ribosomal and messenger RNA populations by about 70%, and [8- 14 C]azaguanine was incorporated exclusively into 4 s RNA. It is concluded that the final transcription necessary for elaboration of a complete erythrocyte containing hemoglobin may occur prior to the head-fold stage. The initiation of hemoglobin synthesis at the seven-somite stage is probably regulated at the translational level.
Quantitative phase field modeling of diffusion-controlled precipitate growth and dissolution in Ti–Al–V

Abstract A method for quantitative phase field modeling of diffusion-controlled phase transformation in multicomponent systems is demonstrated. With inputs from CALPHAD thermodynamic and DICTRA kinetic databases, the growth and dissolution of α precipitates in Ti–Al–V is simulated on experimentally relevant length and time scales. The results agree well with DICTRA simulations.
Eimeria scholtysecki n. sp. from Ord's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii.

SYNOPSIS. Eimeria scholtysecki n. sp. is described from Ord's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii. The sporulated oocysts are broadly ovoid to ellipsoid, averaging 24.6 by 19.6 μ. A polar granule is present. A micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. The ovoid sporocysts average 12.1 by 8.0 μ, and have small, flattened Stieda bodies. The distinctive sporocyst residuum is composed of coarse granules. The mean prepatent period was 8.2 days. Five inoculated rats apparently became reinfected and discharged oocysts for 30 days or more.
A high-resolution 11B NMR study of the [(B10H12)2Ni]2− ion

Abstract The 70.6-MHz 11B NMR spectrum of [(B10H12)2Ni]2− has been assigned: δ11B, 10.1 [B(5,7,8,10)]; ∼8 [B(1 or 3)]; 0.4 [B(3 or 1)]; −4.1 [B(6,9)]; −21.7 [B(2,4)].
Greenfield's Neuropathology

Greenfield's Neuropathology Editors: S. Love, D. N. Louis, D. W. Ellison Hodder Arnold, London, UK Copyright © 2008 2244 pages, $475. The editors' preface to the 2 volumes of the eighth edition of Greenfield's succinctly outlines the text's role and purpose in the neuropathology cosmos: "Our aim has been to ensure that Greenfield's Neuropathology continues to provide an authoritative, comprehensive account of the pathologic findings in neurologic disease, their biologic basis and clinical manifestations, and that this account is underpinned by a clear description of molecular and cellular processes and reactions that are relevant to the normal and abnormal functioning of the nervous system." To …
A cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel is necessary for optimum fertility in high‐calcium environments

* Arabidopsis cngc2 plants are hypersensitive to external calcium and exhibit reduced plant size and fertility, especially when they are treated with elevated but physiologically relevant levels of calcium. This report focuses on the role of cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (CNGC2) in plant fertility. * To determine the cause of the reduced fertility, we investigated the flower structure and growth potential of both male and female reproductive organs in cngc2 plants grown in high-calcium conditions. * cngc2 mutants had short stamens that may limit pollen deposition and pistils that were not conducive to pollen tube growth. * Our data indicate that sporophytic, but not gametophytic, defects are the main cause of the observed reduction in seed yield in cngc2 plants, and suggest that correct cyclic nucleotide and calcium signaling are important for cell elongation and pollen tube guidance.
Preparation of meter-long alkali halide single crystals

Abstract High purity single crystals of LiF, NaF, and KCl have been produced exceeding 1 meter in length and having a nearly uniform diameter of approximately 1 cm. The Czochralski seed-pulling technique was used in conjunction with apparatus constructed at Cornell University.
Thermodynamic Properties of the NaCl + H2O System. 4. Heat Capacities of H2O and NaCl(aq) in Cold-Stable and Supercooled States

The heat capacities of water and NaCl(aq) from 0.05 mol·kg-1 to 6 mol·kg-1 were measured from 285 K to a lower temperature of 202 K < T < 236 K, at 0.1 MPa, dependent on composition. These measurements were performed with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). A cooling scan method permitted supercooling of water and aqueous solutions well below their normal freezing points. Calibration methods for the DSC and measurement methods for the heat capacity using cooling scans are described. The uncertainties of temperature and heat-flow calibration coefficient for the DSC were ±0.08 K and ±0.3%, respectively. The heat capacity of dilute NaCl(aq) increases with decreasing temperature below 270 K, qualitatively similar to the effect observed for water. At larger concentrations of NaCl(aq), this behavior reverses and the heat capacity only decreases with decreasing temperature. An equation of state for the NaCl + H2O system was generated on the basis of the present measurements as well as other experimental r...
Sachet drinking water in Ghana's Accra-Tema metropolitan area: past, present, and future.

Population growth in West Africa has outpaced local efforts to expand potable water services, and private sector sale of packaged drinking water has filled an important gap in household water security. Consumption of drinking water packaged in plastic sachets has soared in West Africa over the last decade, but the long-term implications of these changing consumption patterns remain unclear and unstudied. This paper reviews recent shifts in drinking water, drawing upon data from the 2003 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys, and provides an overview of the history, economics, quality, and regulation of sachet water in Ghana’s Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area. Given the pros and cons of sachet water, we suggest that a more holistic understanding of the drinking water landscape is necessary for municipal planning and sustainable drinking water provision.
Optimal Integration Time for Signals Having Uncompensated Quadratic Phase Components

The integration time which maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for uncompensated processing of a pulse having a quadratic phase component is derived.
The low-temperature behavior of disordered magnets

We map out the low-temperature phase diagrams of dilute Ising ferromagnets and predominantly ferromagnetic ferrites, obtaining nonperturbative and essentially optimal conditions on the density of ferromagnetic couplings required to maintain long-range order. We also study mappings of dilute antiferromagnets in a uniform field onto random field ferromagnets.
Indinavir nephropathy revisited: A pattern of insidious renal failure with identifiable risk factors

Indinavir is a well-known cause of crystal-induced acute renal failure, dysuria and flank pain, and nephrolithiasis. Recently a more insidious tubulointerstitial lesion has been recognized as secondary to the drug. We report a case of a hepatitis C-positive patient on long-term indinavir therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed a slowly progressive rise in serum creatinine. Renal biopsy revealed a diffuse interstitial infiltrate with numerous eosinophils and scarring. The tubules showed focal necrosis and dilation with elongated crystals present within their lumina. The elevated serum creatinine decreased to a new baseline over several months with the discontinuation of indinavir. We review the literature of renal syndromes associated with indinavir focusing on chronic progressive tubulointerstitial injury and speculate on risk factors and potential mechanisms of indinavir-induced renal injury.
Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into keratocytes in vitro and in vivo ☆

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the potential of somatic gene transfer as a technique for modulating corneal wound healing after superficial keratectomy. METHODS: The transduction of human and rabbit keratocytes with β-galactosidase and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes was performed. In vitro, human and rabbit keratocytes were transduced with retroviral vectors bearing β-galactosidase or HStk (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) genes. In vivo, rabbit keratocytes were transduced by topical application of vector supernatant after a superficial keratectomy. In vitro and in vivo, expression of the β-galactosidase gene was examined with histochemical staining. In vitro, ganciclovir cytotoxicity in HStk gene-transduced keratocytes and bystander effect in co-cultures of HStk(+) and HStk(−) keratocytes were measured by determining the degree of confluency of cells in 6-well plates after 10 days of incubation. Corneal haze in rabbits was measured after transduction with Hstk and subsequent treatment with topical ganciclovir. RESULTS: In vitro, both human and rabbit keratocytes were transduced successfully with both β-galactosidase and HStk genes. Transduction efficiency was greater with human (22%) than with rabbit (16%) cells, and both HStk-transduced cell lines showed dose-dependent ganciclovir cytotoxicity and a significant bystander effect. In vivo, expression of β-galactosidase within vimentin-positive corneal stromal cells confirmed transduction of keratocytes in the rabbit after superficial stromal keratectomy with an efficiency of 25% to 40%. Postoperative application of topical ganciclovir reduced corneal stromal haze in rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to genetically transduce stromal keratocytes provides a new strategy for understanding the important cellular and molecular events that influence corneal wound healing, thus offering a potential approach to decrease or prevent corneal haze and scarring after superficial keratectomy.
Regulation of telomere structure and functions by subunits of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes have been implicated in the regulation of transcription, replication, and more recently DNA double-strand break repair. Here we report that the Ies3p subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae INO80 chromatin remodeling complex interacts with a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat domain of the telomerase protein Est1p. Deletion of IES3 and some other subunits of the complex induced telomere elongation and altered telomere position effect. In telomerase-negative mutants, loss of Ies3p delayed the emergence of recombinational survivors and stimulated the formation of extrachromosomal telomeric circles in survivors. Deletion of IES3 also resulted in heightened levels of telomere-telomere fusions in telomerase-deficient strains. In addition, a delay in survivor formation was observed in an Arp8p-deficient mutant. Because Arp8p is required for the chromatin remodeling activity of the INO80 complex, the complex may promote recombinational telomere maintenance by altering chromatin structure. Consistent with this notion, we observed preferential localization of multiple subunits of the INO80 complex to telomeres. Our results reveal novel functions for a subunit of the telomerase complex and the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex.
Alterations in estrogen receptor isoforms in the mammary gland and uterus of the rat during differentiation.

Abstract 1. 1. Estrogen receptors in lactating mammary glands and uteri of rats which were 10 and 19 days postpartum exhibited molecular heterogeneity based on their surface charge properties. 2. 2. The polymorphism of estrogen receptors detected by high-performance ion exchange chromatography may be monitored in-line with a radioisotope detector. 3. 3. Estrogen receptors from the mammary gland and uterus of rats at 10 days of lactation exhibited primarily two receptor isoforms eluting at 200–250 mM and 250–300 mM phosphate, whereas three ionic isoforms (eluting at 50–150, 200–250 and 325–375 mM phosphate) were found in the mammary glands of rats at 19 days of lactation. Similar changes in the profiles of estrogen receptor isoforms were observed in uterine cytosol preparations at each stage of postpartum differentiation. 4. 4. The elution pattern of receptor-associated radioactivity was not altered by the addition of diisopropylphosphate, a potent inhibitor of trypsin-like proteases, either before, during or immediately after homogenization. This indicates that the differences observed in the receptor elution profile of 10 and 19 day postpartum lactating mammary glands were not due to artifactual proteolysis. 5. 5. In summary, our data indicate that the differentiation stage of lactating mammary glands may dictate the final profile of receptor isoforms detected.
Feature-Based Information Processing with Selective Attention

We present a simple but general model for feature-based information processing with selective attention. We model feature extraction as projections onto frames of subspaces, which accounts for redundancies in the representations of individual features as well as between features. To manage limited resources, we use feedback attentional signals to dynamically allocate system resources according to the observed events. In our model, attention maximizes the average information retained about all events weighted by their relative priorities. We illustrate the model with a simple system under a total bit constraint and discuss how the organization of the feature extraction affects the optimal bit allocation.
Concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol with cocaine: results of national survey.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol and cocaine in the general population and to examine differences in these rates between important sociodemographic subgroups. The results indicated that a sizable proportion of Americans were engaged in both substance use patterns. The population estimate for simultaneous use of both substances (i.e., simultaneously or on the same occasion) was approximately 4 million for the month preceding the interview, rising to approximately 9 million when the past year timeframe was considered. Corresponding figures for the concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine (i.e., use of both substances during the same time period) were approximately 5 million during the past month and 12 million during the past year. The extent of each substance use practice varied as a function of sociodemographic factors. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the need for age-sex-ethnic-specific prevention strategies. The need for future analytic epidemiologic research to determine the precise relationship between dose, frequency and duration of concurrent and simultaneous use and each adverse consequence is emphasized. The need for longitudinal research in the general population is also highlighted.
Repair of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From Pulmonary Artery in an Infant With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis

In anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), infants 6 to 12 weeks will often present with symptoms consistent with reflux or bronchiolitis. In those infants diagnosed with both ALCAPA and concomitant active respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, others have reported delaying revascularization therapy until resolution of the RSV bronchiolitis. Here, we report the case of a three-month-old infant, diagnosed with ALCAPA and active RSV bronchiolitis, who underwent successful myocardial revascularization within 24 hours of presentation and diagnosis.
Infectivity and pathogenicity of Nodamura virus for mosquitoes.

Summary Nodamura virus multiplied and caused paralysis and death when injected into the thoraces of adult Aedes albopictus and Toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquitoes but not when similarly injected into Culex quinquefasciatus adults. A. albopictus also became infected after ingesting a Nodamura virus suspension or after immersion in a virus suspension as larvae, but they did not die. Head squash preparations of the injected insects, examined by indirect fluorescent antibody technique, showed large amounts of Nodamura virus antigen in the brain regardless of the mode of infection. Nodamura virus was isolated from and titrated in mosquito cell (AP-61) cultures. Comparative titrations indicate that this method of assay is more sensitive than intracerebral inoculation of infant mice.
Using Pointing and Describing to Achieve Joint Focus of Attention in Dialogue

Pointing was shown to focus attention in dialogue. Pairs of people talked and gestured to identify targets from arrays visible to both of them. Arrays were located at five distances: arm length (0 cm), 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm, and 100 cm. Some pairs could point; others could not. People relied more on pointing and less on language as distance decreased. Pointing especially suppressed descriptions of target location, suggesting that it was used to focus attention on a spatial region.
Millimeter-wave generation and characterization of a GaAs FET by optical mixing

Coherent mixing of optical radiation from a tunable continuous-wave dye laser and a stabilized He-Ne laser was used to generate millimeter-wave signals in GaAs FETs attached to printed-circuit millimeter-wave antennas. The generated signal was further down-converted to a 2-GHz IF by an antenna-coupled millimeter-wave local oscillator at 62 GHz. Detailed characterizations of power and S/N under different bias conditions have been performed. This technique is expected to allow signal generation and frequency-response evaluation of millimeter-wave devices at frequencies as high as 100 GHz. >
Visualizing digital collections at archive-it

Archive-It, a subscription service from the Internet Archive, allows users to create, maintain and view digital collections of web resources. The current interface of Archive-It is largely text-based, supporting drill-down navigation using lists of URIs. To provide an overview of each collection and highlight the collection's underlying characteristics, we present four alternate visualizations (image plot with histogram, wordle, bubble chart and timeline). The sites in an Archive-It collection may be organized by the collection curator into groups for easier navigation. However, many collections do not have such groupings, making them difficult to explore. We introduce a heuristics-based categorization for such collections.
Correctional Officers' Attitudes Toward AIDS

This study examined correctional officers' views and attitudes about working with inmates with AIDS. At three prisons in Texas, 153 correctional officers were administered the AIDS in Prison Scale, the AIDS Attitude Scale, an AIDS/HIV Knowledge Test, and a Homophobia Scale. Correctional officers who had more positive attitudes about people with AIDS, who were more knowledgeable about AIDS/HIV, and who were older were more likely to have more positive views about working with inmates with AIDS/HIV. Most of the officers expressed at least some concerns about working with inmates with AIDS. Education programs that address negative attitudes about persons with AIDS may help improve the conditions of HIV-infected inmates.
Growth of GaInNAs by Plasma Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy

The nitrogen containing alloy GaInNAs has attracted a great deal of interest recently for optoelectronic device applications at long wavelengths, especially 1.3µm, on GaAs substrates. What has been observed is that the material quality degrades rapidly with the addition of nitrogen. In this work we systematically explore the parameter space for the growth of GainNAs using plasma-assisted MBE and inert gas dilution. Inert gas dilution allows additional control of the production of active nitrogen; thus we can independently adjust RF power, gas flow rate, and nitrogen generation, which is used to study the effects of the plasma on the growth surface. In addition to examining the effects of plasma operating conditions, we will also explore the effects of other growth parameters (arsenic to nitrogen ratio and growth temperature) on the resultant structural and optical properties. These properties will be explored by photoluminescence, SIMS, and x-ray diffraction with the goal of understanding how nitrogen incorporation affects the resultant material properties. The resulting information is used to grow high quality layers for GaNAs avalanche photodiodes with a cut-off wavelength of 1.064µm
Compiling abstract scientific workflows into Web service workflows

The authors present an approach for compiling "scientist-friendly" abstract workflow specifications into real-world executable workflows of Web service invocations, using a set of abstract-as-view definitions from a repository of abstract tasks. There have been a number of proposals and systems for scientific workflow management. However, our approach features unique aspects, in particular: the separation of abstract and concrete executable workflows; and the use of database mediation techniques to automatically translate AWFs into EWFs.
Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits apoptosis by the profibrotic factor angiotensin II via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in endothelial cells and tissue explants.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an endogenous tissue repair factor, attenuates apoptosis in many primary cell types, but the mechanism is not completely understood. Our laboratory demonstrated that angiotensin (Ang) II activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in primary endothelial cells (ECs) via reduction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Ang II decreased Bcl-xL mRNA half-life by reducing its binding to nucleolin, a protein that normally binds a 3′ AU-rich region and stabilizes Bcl-xL mRNA. We hypothesized HGF may block apoptosis induced by Ang II. We used primary EC and ex vivo cultures of rat lung tissue to investigate HGF inhibition of Ang II-induced apoptosis. Our data indicated HGF abrogated Ang II-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. RNA-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that HGF stabilized Bcl-xL mRNA by increasing nucleolin binding to the 3′-untranslated region that was associated with cytoplasmic localization of nucleolin. Cytoplasmic localization of nucleolin and Bcl-xL mRNA stabilization required HGF activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. HGF also blocked Ang II-induced caspase-3 activation and lactate dehydrogenase release in tissue explants in an ERK-dependent manner.
The relationship between antidepressant and analgesic responses: findings from six placebo-controlled trials assessing the efficacy of duloxetine in patients with major depressive disorder.

Objective: Debate continues regarding whether onset of analgesia is faster than antidepressant effect in antidepressants with both properties. Duloxetine hydrochloride (from here on referred to as duloxetine) is effective in both major depressive disorder and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. This post-hoc analysis of six placebo-controlled duloxetine trials in patients with major depressive disorder was designed to compare onset of antidepressant activity to pain relief.Research design and methods: Duloxetine was administered at 40–120 mg/day versus placebo for up to 9 weeks in outpatient clinic settings. The primary depression measure was the HAMD17 and pain severity was measured using visual analog scale (VAS) measuring overall pain, headache, back and shoulder pain, and pain while awake. The time course of improvement was profiled using repeated measures modeling and Kaplan–Meier product limit estimation.Results: In all but one case, significant reductions in HAMD17 and VAS scores were seen within...
Analysis of ground bond wire arrays for RFICs

This paper outlines a method for rapid computation of the inductance of arrays of ground bond wires for RFICs, thus saving a designer considerable time over using inaccurate empirical equations or slowly converging electromagnetic simulators. Results comparable in accuracy to a fully derailed PEEC electromagnetic simulation are shown.
Relation of pulmonary arterial diastolic and mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressures in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension

Management of the critically ill or postoperative patient in the intensive care unit may be facilitated by the measurement of right-sided and certain left-sided intracardiac filling pressures with a balloontipped, flow-directed catheter. Although previous studies have shown that properly obtained and oximetrically confirmed pulmonary arterial wedge pressure provides an accurate estimate of left atrial pressure, 1‐3 the procurement of an oximetrically confirmed wedge pressure may be difficult or impossible in some subjects. As a result, some investigators 4 have suggested that pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure can be used as a surrogate for mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and, in turn, mean left atrial pressure. In 28 patients with varied pulmonary vascular resistances, Jenkins et al 5 demonstrated an excellent correlation between pulmonary arterial diastolic and mean left atrial pressures. Despite these reports, no previously published study has assessed the relation of pulmonary arterial diastolic to mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressures in a large number of patients in whom the catheter’s wedge position was con firmed oximetrically. Accordingly, this study was performed to assess this relation and to determine if it is in fluenced by pulmonary hypertension.
Effects of genetic variations on microRNA: target interactions

Genetic variations within microRNA (miRNA) binding sites can affect miRNA-mediated gene regulation, which may lead to phenotypes and diseases. We perform a transcriptome-scale analysis of genetic variants and miRNA:target interactions identified by CLASH. This analysis reveals that rare variants tend to reside in CDSs, whereas common variants tend to reside in the 3' UTRs. miRNA binding sites are more likely to reside within those targets in the transcriptome with lower variant densities, especially target regions in which nucleotides have low mutation frequencies. Furthermore, an overwhelming majority of genetic variants within or near miRNA binding sites can alter not only the potential of miRNA:target hybridization but also the structural accessibility of the binding sites and flanking regions. These suggest an interpretation for certain associations between genetic variants and diseases, i.e. modulation of miRNA-mediated gene regulation by common or rare variants within or near miRNA binding sites, likely through target structure alterations. Our data will be valuable for discovering new associations among miRNAs, genetic variations and human diseases.
Short-term preoperative diet modification reduces steatosis and blood loss in patients undergoing liver resection.

Background Steatosis and steatohepatitis have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality after liver resection. Our objective was to determine the effect of a preoperative calorie-restricted diet on steatosis and steatohepatitis in patients undergoing liver resection. Methods We studied 111 consecutive patients who had major elective hepatic resections. More than 90% of the patients had cancer resections. The mean body mass index was 27.2; 32% had a body mass index ≥30. A week-long calorie- and fat-restricted diet was instituted in the most recent patient group (n = 51). We retrospectively evaluated steatosis and steatohepatitis in the diet and no-diet control groups. Clinical outcomes of the 2 groups, including complications and blood loss, were compared. Results The preoperative diet patients had less steatosis (15.7% vs 25.5% of hepatocytes containing fat, P = .05) than the nondiet controls. A lower percentage of patients in the diet group had steatohepatitis than in the nondiet group (15% vs 27%, P =.02). Preoperative diet patients had less mean intraoperative blood loss than nondiet patients (600 mL vs 906 mL, P = .002). There was no difference in overall or infectious complications between the groups. Conclusion We have shown for the first time that short-term calorie restriction before liver resection significantly reduces both hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis. Dietary modification also was associated with decreased intraoperative blood loss. This intervention is easily instituted; therefore, it is clinically feasible.