cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy development affects populations of sagebrush songbirds in Wyoming

Oil and natural gas development in the Intermountain West region of North America has expanded over the last 2 decades, primarily within sagebrush dominated landscapes. Although the effects of energy development on high-profile game species such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been documented, studies examining responses of non-game birds are lacking. Simultaneously, many songbirds that breed within sagebrush steppe habitats have shown range-wide population declines that are likely due to widespread habitat loss and alteration. We evaluated songbird abundance and species richness across gradients of oil and natural gas development intensity, as indexed by well density, at 3 energy fields (2 natural gas and 1 oil) in the Upper Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA during 2008-2009. While simultaneously accounting for important habitat attributes, increased well density was associated with significant decreases in Brewer's sparrow (Spizella breweri) and sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli) abundance, particularly in the Jonah natural gas field. Vesper sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) were also negatively influenced by increased well density. Horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) increased with well density in the Pinedale Anticline natural gas field, and sage thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus) showed no response to energy development. Species richness was not significantly affected by well density. Results suggest that regional declines of some songbird species, especially sagebrush-obligates, may be exacerbated by increased energy development. Understanding the specific mechanisms underlying responses to energy development is an important next step and will aid land managers in the development of effective mitigation and management strategies for the maintenance of stable bird communities in sagebrush habitat. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Nonlinear optical signatures of ultraviolet light-induced ring opening in α-terpinene

Photoinduced electrocyclic ring opening reactions in conjugated cylcoalkenes are among the most elementary processes in organic chemistry. One prototypical ring opening reaction transforms cyclohexadiene into hexatriene. It is known that a sequence of sub-100?fs internal conversion transitions precedes bond breaking in cyclohexadiene and some of its derivatives. However, these excited state dynamics have never been directly monitored in solution because of insufficient time resolution. Here we aim to uncover the extraordinary photophysics behind related ultrafast internal conversion processes in a derivative of cyclohexadiene, ?-terpinene (?-TP), solvated in cyclohexane. Transient absorption anisotropy experiments conducted with 20?fs laser pulses at 267?nm expose non-exponential depopulation kinetics for the ??* electronic state of ?-TP. Our data show that population transfer rapidly accelerates within the first 100?fs after photoexcitation. In addition, recurrences in two-dimensional photon echo (2DPE) line shapes reveal strong vibronic coupling in a normal mode near 523?cm?1, which involves torsions of the C=C bonds and hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) wagging on a vinyl group. With the support of several experiments, we hypothesize that the excited state wavepacket in ?-TP undergoes several recurrences in the C=C stretching coordinate before displacement along the C=C torsion/vinyl HOOP coordinate finally sets it free from the Franck?Condon region of the potential energy surface. The unconfined wavepacket departs the ??* electronic state by way of a conical intersection with a lower energy excited state. The present observations are made possible by recent improvements to both the time resolution and detection sensitivity of our experimental setup. This work demonstrates that it is now possible to acquire 2DPE signals in the deep ultraviolet, which are comparable with high-quality measurements in the visible spectral region. These technical developments open the door to studies of many beautiful models for elementary chemical dynamics.
Measures for the comparison of information retrieval systems

A definite need exists for an absolute and uniform means of comparison and evaluation of certain characteristics of various information retrieval systems. This paper is concerned only with the system's ability to satisfy queries; the effort and time used, and their relative costs, are not considered. Some past procedures that have been used are reviewed and discussed, along with some of the difficulties that arise when these procedures are followed. We present some desirable characteristics for a meaningful measure of effectiveness, then analyze in detail one such measure that may be used to compare the retrieval capabilities of a large variety of systems. This measure, called the “normalized sliding ratio,” has a relation to the classical recall and precision ratios and may be looked on as a generalization of them.
Skin prick testing does not reflect the presence of IgE against food allergens in adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients: a case study

Skin prick testing is widely used to predict the presence of allergen-specific IgE. In eosinophilic esophagitis patients, who frequently exhibit polysensitization and broad reactivity upon skin prick testing, this is commonly used to aid avoidance recommendations in the clinical management of their disease. We present here the predictive value of skin prick testing for the presence of allergen-specific IgE, in 12 patients, determined by immunoblot against the allergen extracts using individual-matched serum. Our results demonstrate a high degree of predictive value for aeroallergens but a poor predictive value for food allergens. This suggests that skin prick testing likely identifies IgE reactivity towards aeroallergens in adult eosinophilic esophagitis but this is not true for foods. Consequently, IgE immunoblotting might be required for determining food avoidance in these patients.
Therapeutic Targeting of MYC and HIF Networks in Cancer

The MYC oncogene is involved in many human cancers, which in general develop under limited amount of oxygen (hypoxia) requiring the activity of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). The interaction of MYC, which encodes a transcription factor Myc, with HIF under physiological conditions provides insights into normal cellular responses to hypoxia via cell growth arrest and anaerobic glycolysis. Many tumors contain genetic alterations, such as MYC activation, that can collaborate with HIF to confer metabolic advantages to tumor cells, which tend to exist in a hypoxic microenvironment. The collaboration of oncogenic Myc with HIF favors the conversion of glucose to lactate which could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. This article reviews the transcriptional network operative in a tumorigenic milieu and therapeutic opportunities within the Myc and HIF network of target genes.
Multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks or how to route in the presence of frequent topology changes

We propose a framework for multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and provide its analytical evaluation. The instability of the topology (e.g., failure of links) in this type of network, due to nodal mobility and changes in wireless propagation conditions, makes transmission of time-sensitive information a challenging problem. To combat the inherent unreliability of these networks, we propose a routing scheme that uses multiple paths simultaneously by splitting the information among the multitude of paths, so as to increase the probability that the essential portion of the information is received at the destination without incurring excessive delay. Our scheme works by adding an overhead to each packet, which is calculated as a linear function of the original packet bits. The resulting packet (information and overhead) is fragmented into smaller blocks and distributed over the available paths. Our goal, given the failure probabilities of the paths, is to find the optimal way to fragment and then distribute the blocks to the paths, so that the probability of reconstructing the original information at the destination is maximized. Our algorithm has low time-complexity, which is crucial since the path failure characteristics vary with time and the optimal block distribution has to be recalculated in real-time.
Einstein and Yang-Mills Theories in Hyperbolic Form without Gauge Fixing

The evolution of physical and gauge degrees of freedom in the Einstein and Yang-Mills theories are separated in a gauge-invariant manner. We show that the equations of motion of these theories can be written in flux-conservative first-order symmetric hyperbolic form where the only nonzero characteristic speed is that of light. This dynamical form is ideal for global analysis, analytic approximation methods such as gauge-invariant perturbation theory, and numerical solution.
Diospyros foliosa: the correct name for D. elliptica, and new combinations in Fijian and Samoan Diospyros (Ebenaceae)

The correct name in Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) for a species from Tonga first described as Maba elliptica J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. and incorrectly known as D. elliptica (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) P. S. Green is D. foliosa (A. Gray) Bakh. In addition to the nominate variety, six additional varieties are recognised from Fiji and Samoa. As these varieties lack names under D. foliosa, the following new combinations are proposed: D. foliosa var. elliptica (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Dorr, D. foliosa var. fijiensis (Bakh.) Dorr, D. foliosa var. fructuosa (A. C. Sm.) Dorr, D. foliosa var. iridea (Fosberg) Dorr, D. foliosa var. opaca (A. C. Sm.) Dorr, and D. foliosa var. savaiiensis (Christoph.) Dorr.
Addition of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Whole Blood for Bioenhanced ACL Repair Has No Benefit in the Porcine Model

Background:Coculture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the retropatellar fat pad and peripheral blood has been shown to stimulate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in vitro. Current techniques of bioenhanced ACL repair in animal studies involve adding a biologic scaffold, in this case an extracellular matrix–based scaffold saturated with autologous whole blood, to a simple suture repair of the ligament. Whether the enrichment of whole blood with MSCs would further improve the in vivo results of bioenhanced ACL repair was investigated.Hypothesis:The addition of MSCs derived from adipose tissue or peripheral blood to the blood–extracellular matrix composite, which is used in bioenhanced ACL repair to stimulate healing, would improve the biomechanical properties of a bioenhanced ACL repair after 15 weeks of healing.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Twenty-four adolescent Yucatan mini-pigs underwent ACL transection followed by (1) bioenhanced ...
Application and Validation of Practical Tools for Nonlinear Soil-Foundation Interaction Analysis:

Practical guidelines for characterization of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects for shallow foundations are typically based on representing foundation-soil interaction in terms of viscoelasti...
Hospitalized tornado victims.

We reviewed the clinical findings of 59 patients admitted to Huntsville's three hospitals during the first 24 hours after the November 15, 1989, tornado and as a result of injury caused by the tornado. Fracture of a bone was the most common injury followed by soft tissue trauma and infection. A variety of non-traumatic conditions also were encountered. Fractures were more frequent above the waist than below and five fractures became infected resulting in osteomyelitis. Infections most often involved the urinary tract and bone and were caused primarily by aerobic gram-negative bacilli. The hospital mortality rate was 7%. Language: en
Path Dependence in the Development of U.S. Bankruptcy Law, 1880-1938

We illustrate mechanisms that can give rise to path dependence in legislation. Specifically, we show how debtor-friendly bankruptcy law arose in the United States as a result of a path dependent process. The 1898 Bankruptcy Act was not regarded as debtor-friendly at the time of its enactment, but the enactment of the law gave rise to changes in interest groups, changes in beliefs about the purpose of bankruptcy law, and changes in the Democratic Party's position on bankruptcy that set the United States on a path to debtor-friendly bankruptcy law. An analysis of the path dependence of bankruptcy law produces an interpretation that is more consistent with the evidence than the conventional interpretation that debtor-friendliness in bankruptcy law began with political compromises to obtain the 1898 Bankruptcy Act.
Mortality of HIV-patients in Pingxiang City

Objective To understand the fatality status of HIV/AIDS in Pingxiang.Methods Data of cumulative death cases of HIV/AIDS during 1996 to 2011 in Pingxiang were collected and statistically analyzed.Results A total of 230 patients died during the period,and the fatality rate was 35.33%;32.17%(74 cases) of them were HIV-infected cases,others(67.83%) were AIDS cases.Male death cases were more than female.A proportion of 45.65%of deaths lived more than 3 years since diagnosed,and 64.87%of the cases died from disease of respiratory and digestive system,such as tuberculosis,pulmonary infection,oral mycosis and mycotic esophagitis.Fatality rate among patients with anti-virus treatment(ART) was lower than patients without ART.Conclusion Surveillance and management work on people living with HIV should be strengthened to increase the diagnosis rate;timely anti-virus treatment could lower the lethality rate.
Can Population Genetics Adapt to Rapid Evolution

Population genetics largely rests on a 'standard model' in which random genetic drift is the dominant force, selective sweeps occur infrequently, and deleterious mutations are purged from the population by purifying selection. Studies of phenotypic evolution in nature reveal a very different picture, with strong selection and rapid heritable trait changes being common. The time-rate scaling of phenotypic evolution suggests that selection on phenotypes is often fluctuating in direction, allowing phenotypes to respond rapidly to environmental fluctuations while remaining within relatively constant bounds over longer periods. Whether such rapid phenotypic evolution undermines the standard model will depend on how many genomic loci typically contribute to strongly selected traits and how phenotypic evolution impacts the dynamics of genetic variation in a population. Population-level sequencing will allow us to dissect the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution and study the evolutionary dynamics of genetic variation through direct measurement of polymorphism trajectories over time.
Monitoring of intraoperative heparinization and blood loss following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

Two protocols of heparin management during cardiopulmonary bypass were compared to assess the role of the activated clotting time (ACT) in relation to postoperative blood loss. The study was divided into two groups: Group I, the control group, in which 3 mg. of heparin per kilogram was given as the initial dose and maintained at a dose of 1.5 mg. per kilogram every 45 minutes during cardiopulmonary bypass, and Group II, in which the initial dose of heparin was 2 mg. per kilogram and additional dosages were based upon the ACT. We found a striking decrease in postoperative blood loss as well as a decrease in the amount of heparin administered during cardiopulmonary bypass in Group II patients. In addition, less protamine was required to neutralize the heparin in the second group after bypass. Thus, when patients are given too much heparin, as in our control group, the effectiveness of protamine is decreased. We would like to stress the value of the ACT in controlling heparin administration as well as postoperative blood loss in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
The Impact of Deep Versus Moderate Hypothermia on Postoperative Kidney Function After Elective Aortic Hemiarch Repair

Background There remains concern that moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) with antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) may provide suboptimal distal organ protection compared with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) with retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP). We compared postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in in patients who underwent elective hemiarch repair with either DHCA/RCP or MHCA/ACP. Methods This was a retrospective review of all patients undergoing elective aortic hemiarch reconstruction for aneurysmal disease between 2009 and 2014. Patients were stratified according to the use of DHCA/RCP versus MHCA/ACP. The primary outcome was the occurrence of AKI at 48 hours, as defined by the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage (RIFLE ) criteria. A multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors for AKI. Results One hundred eighteen patients who underwent ACP and 471 patients who underwent RCP were included. The mean lowest temperature was 26.4°C in patients who underwent MHCA/ACP and 17.5°C in patients who underwent DHCA/RCP. Baseline demographics were similar except that patients who underwent DHCA/RCP were more likely to have peripheral arterial disease or bicuspid aortic valves. Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times were shorter in the MHCA/ACP group. AKI occurred in 19 (16.2%) patients who underwent MHCA/ACP and 67 (14.3%) patients who underwent DHCA/RCP. Four (0.8%) patients who underwent DHCA/RCP required postoperative dialysis. In-hospital mortality tended to increase with increasing RIFLE classification (RIFLE class-0 (No AKI) = 0.41%; Risk=1.35%, and Injury=10.0%; p = 0.09). On multivariable analysis, the lowest temperature and cerebral perfusion strategy were not significant predictors of AKI. Lower baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR), lower preoperative ejection fraction, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time were independently associated with higher AKI. Conclusions We applied the sensitive RIFLE criteria to examine AKI in patients undergoing elective aortic hemiarch replacement for aneurysmal disease. Baseline renal dysfunction, lower ejection fraction, and longer CPB time are independent predictors of AKI. Compared with DHCA/RCP, our data suggest that an MHCA/ACP cerebral protection strategy does not appear to be associated with worse postoperative renal outcomes.
Sex Hormones, Mood, and Cognition

Sex hormones are one of the most powerful agents that shape brain structure and physiology and promote the capacity of neural systems for rapid functional adaptation. Sex hormones have both organizational and activational effects in the central nervous system. Thus, it is not surprising that sex hormones exert potent effects on mood and cognitive function.
A Survey on Context Learning

Learning semantics based on context information has been researched in many research areas for decades. Context information can not only be directly used as the input data, but also sometimes used as auxiliary knowledge to improve existing models. This survey aims at providing a structured and comprehensive overview of the research on context learning. We summarize and group the existing literature into four categories, Explicit Analysis, Implicit Analysis, Neural Network Models, and Composite Models, based on the underlying techniques adopted by them. For each category, we talk about the basic idea and techniques, and also introduce how context information is utilized as the model input or incorporated into the model to enhance the performance or extend the domain of application as auxiliary knowledge. In addition, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model from both the technical and practical point of view.
The Electron Spin Echo Characteristics of Several Bituminous Coals

Electron spin echo spectrometry was employed to isolate the vitrain maceral free radical spectrum in several bituminous coals by means of relaxation time differences between macerals. Two echo characteristics show that the free radicals are well-isolated species with S=l/2, (a) the microwave pulse length for maximum echo and (b) the single exponential time dependence of approximately T1=200 µsec for the saturation recovery of the echo. The heterogeneous broadening of the echo spectra of about 10 G width is characterized with the approximately T2=1 µsec echo decay times and the echo modulations of around 5 MHz. The modulations are consistent with the hyperfine interactions in a perinaphthyl or similar type of radical oriented in coal layers.
Low profile vehicular antenna for wideband high frequency communications

This paper discusses the top-loading as a technique to miniaturize a monopole antenna to be primarily used for the 10–30 MHz band. The top-loaded monopole is shown to achieve 24 kHz bandwidth while maintaining a profile of less than 1 m which makes it ideal for vehicular applications. The practicality of a top-loaded monopole is considered and an umbrella is augmented to realize antenna and achieve desired functionality. A practical demonstration of umbrella performance on a real vehicle is also demonstrated to show this principle can also be exploited for all three modes of HF communications.
Optimal interpolation of satellite derived irradiance and ground data

We describe how Bayesian data assimilation can be used to improve nowcasts of irradiance over small, city-scale, spatial areas. Specifically, we use optimal interpolation (OI) to improve satellite derived estimates of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) using ground truth data that was collected sparsely over Tucson, AZ. Our results show that the local data indeed improves the satellite derived estimates of GHI. A key to success with OI in this context is to prescribe correlations based on cloudiness, rather than spatially. OI can be used with a variety of data, e.g., rooftop photovoltaic production data or irradiance data, as well as with several different satellite derived irradiance models.
Tsai Ing-wen and the Weakening of the “1992 Consensus”

This chapter will conclude this book by projecting how future US–China–Taiwan relations will evolve under Tsai Ing-wen. From this author’s interviews with individuals handling cross-strait relations in Taiwan, though the DPP administration is unlikely to put up an all-out challenge against Beijing’s “one China” principle, it will certainly uphold a more hostile approach by placing Taiwan closer to the US–Japanese security and economic axis. Domestically, President Tsai is also pushing for the DPP’s own nation building (also known as “cultural independence”) by pulling the island further and further away from Chinese influence without declaring de jure independence. Tsai has been more receptive to the notion that both sides are two independent states having no particular historical and cultural linkages. Tsai's task is definitely easier than her predecessors’ since more and more Taiwanese people (especially the youth) are identifying themselves more strictly as Taiwanese, not Chinese. The United States may welcome greater distancing between the two sides after Ma Ying-jeou’s eight years of deepening cross-strait ties because Taiwan could contribute more to America’s security policy towards Asia. Nonetheless, if history is any guide, Washington, even under the more seemingly pro-Taiwan Donald Trump administration that has taken office on January 20, 2017, remains unlikely to tolerate any drastic or radical moves toward independence. The Taiwan Strait is once again heading toward great quandary and, perhaps, turbulence, except this time, unlike the Chen Shui-bian years, Sino-American relations are becoming more competitive and volatile, Taiwan is drifting further away from mainland China, and that the PRC is more unyielding on many national security interests. All actors involved in this delicate balance must tread carefully.
Extinction-Induced Response Variability in Humans

Two experiments evaluated changes in response topography during extinction in human subjects. In Experiment 1, subjects fulfilled a sequence of DRL schedule parameters, responding on a computer keyboard to accumulate points on the monitor. Following the last DRL condition, an extinction condition was programmed during which points could no longer be accumulated. Response/reinforcer ratios increased consistently with each change in schedule parameter and interresponse time (IRT) distributions during extinction showed increased variability relative to preextinction baseline responding. In Experiment 2, subjects responded on a single DRL schedule value prior to being placed on extinction. Results paralleled those of Experiment 1, indicating greater response variability during extinction than during the DRL phase. The results are discussed within the context of a selectionist perspective on operant behavior, with extinction being identified as one ontogenic source of behavioral variability.
Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome

The etiology of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is not fully understood but it tends to occur after the abrupt discontinuation of an antidepressant, though may also occur even with a taper.It is known to occur with monoamine oxidize inhibitors (MAOI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) and atypical antidepressants.The syndrome can occur with missing only one dose of medications with short half-lives, such as paroxetine and venlafaxine. Symptoms can last for weeks, sometimes longer.It is important to recognize this syndrome in order to avoid very costly work ups.
Scalable and timely detection of cyberbullying in online social networks

Cyberbullying in Online Social Networks (OSNs) has grown to be a serious problem among teenagers. While a considerable amount of research has been conducted focusing on designing highly accurate classifiers to automatically detect cyberbullying instances in OSNs, two key practical issues remain to be worked upon, namely scalability of a cyberbullying detection system and timeliness of raising alerts whenever cyberbullying occurs. These two issues form the motivation of our work. We propose a multi-stage cyberbullying detection solution that drastically reduces the classification time and the time to raise alerts. The proposed system is highly scalable without sacrificing accuracy and highly responsive in raising alerts. The design is comprised of two novel components, a dynamic priority scheduler and an incremental classification mechanism. We have implemented this solution, and using data obtained from Vine, we conducted a thorough performance evaluation to demonstrate the utility and scalability of each of these components. We show that our complete solution is significantly more scalable and responsive than the current state of the art.
The M + N Decomposition for Matrices Which Are Not Semi-Simple

In this section, we continue the eigenvector/eigenvalue analysis of real (n × n) matrices A. We saw in §8how such an analysis leads not only to insights about the linear mappings A T: R n → R n and \(_A\hat T:{C^n} \to {C^n}\)-C n → C n , but also to procedures which may, at least in principle, be used in computing (t–s)A and A (k–l) In the pages which follow, we focus attention on matrices A which are not semi-simple (hence, in particular, not diagonalizable); the techniques we shall be discussing should be viewed as generalizations of the techniques we employed in analyzing semi-simple A’s.
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Structural Steels

Carbon-manganese steels are candidates for the structural materials in hydrogen gas pipelines; however, it is well known that these steels are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Decades of research and industrial experience have established that hydrogen embrittlement compromises the structural integrity of steel components. This experience has also helped identify the failure modes that can operate in hydrogen containment structures. As a result, there are tangible ideas for managing hydrogen embrittlement in steels and quantifying safety margins for steel hydrogen containment structures. For example, fatigue crack growth aided by hydrogen embrittlement is a well-established failure mode for steel hydrogen containment structures subjected to pressure cycling. This pressure cycling represents one of the key differences in operating conditions between current hydrogen pipelines and those anticipated in a hydrogen delivery infrastructure. Applying structural integrity models in design codes coupled with measurement of relevant material properties allows quantification of the reliability/integrity of steel hydrogen pipelines subjected to pressure cycling. Furthermore, application of these structural integrity models is aided by the development of physics-based predictive models, which provide important insights such as the effects of microstructure on hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth. Successful implementation of these structural integrity and physics-based models enhances confidence in the designmore » codes and enables decisions about materials selection and operating conditions for reliable and efficient steel hydrogen pipelines.« less
Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in restaging cervical carcinoma after first-line treatment

1223 Objectives To determine the efficacy of FDG PET/CT in evaluating recurrent cervical carcinoma. Methods This is a retrospective review of clinical data and imaging studies of all patients with a diagnosis of cervical carcinoma referred to our institution for FDG PET/CT evaluation between 2005-2009. We identified those referred for restaging after first-line treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and/or external beam radiation. From a total of 48 women identified, twenty nine met our criteria (mean age (yrs): 52 ±14). Biopsy, imaging and clinical follow-up over a 9-month period served as the gold standard. Results Twenty patients had squamous cell carcinoma (69%) and nine had adenocarcinoma or other histology (31%). Recurrent disease was confirmed in 16 patients and 13 patients had no evidence of recurrence. The maximum standardized uptake value in the primary site was 9.3 ±6.6 and in distant sites 7.3 ±3.3. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy was 100%, 92%, 80%, 100% and 94% respectively for identifying local recurrence, 92%, 100%, 100%, 92%, 96% for distant metastases and 94%, 92%, 94%, 92% and 93% respectively for overall recurrence detection (95% confidence interval). Conclusions FDG PET/CT has a high efficacy in identifying residual or recurrent cervical cancer after first-line treatment
Electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance analysis of large polymerase chain reaction products

In previous work, we demonstrated the use of electrospray ionization to analyze small differences in size or sequence of relatively small polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 114 base pairs or less. The sequence information required to answer a biological question may be only a single nucleotide substitution or deletion. In many cases, the regions where these sequence variations can occur are several hundred base pairs in length, and the analysis of large PCR products is therefore desirable. Therefore, we have attempted to expand the size range of PCR products that can be analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry. Previous work has shown that the difficulties associated with PCR product analysis increase with product size. A revised cleanup scheme was employed to target the removal of detergents with ethanol wash or precipitation steps, followed by additional desalting. Additionally, an in-trap cleanup to collisionally induce dissociation of noncovalent salt adducts was employed. This approach was extended to a 223 base pair PCR product yielding mass measurement accuracy within 26 ppM. The mass measurement accuracy obtained illustrates that a single base substitution could be identified at this size of PCR product with a 7 tesla ESI-FTICR.
Boundary of the Slow Solar Wind

This work argues that there are two fundamental states of the non-transient solar wind, and that these can be distinguished by a number of criteria. Here we define the states, which will be termed slow and fast, or SSW and FSW, for lack of better terms, by the level of velocity fluctuations, v, in them, with the slow wind having systematically lower fluctuations than the fast wind. Almost all winds with speeds less than 450 km s1 are in the slow class, and winds with speeds greater than 600 km s1 are fast, but we argue that in between, consistent with other work, the v classification is more fundamental than speed. We show that the fluctuation categorization coincides well with classes based on AlfvA©nicy, proton specific entropy, ion thermal speed, and ionic composition. This correlated behavior among these solar wind parameters exists regardless of it being associated with a heliospheric current sheet or a pseudostreamer. This work provides evidence that both the so-called SSW I and SSW II scenarios coexist for the SSW formation. In addition, that the dynamical properties (thermal, magnetic, and turbulence properties) correlate well with properties set at the inner corona (ion ionization states and FIP bias)implies that there exists a boundary layer on the Sun within which the SSW is formed. This boundary layer would set up the coronal conditions for the source and transport of the SSW.
Cellular Immune Function and Injury

Defects in cellular immune responsiveness have been repeatedly described in patients after serious injury or major burns1–10. The exact relationship between impairment of cellular immunity and septic complications in such injured patients is unknown. Nevertheless, there are several reports which indicate that clinical anergy in patients with major burns, for example, is significantly correlated with mortality, particularly with death from sepsis 4,5,10,11. A number of years ago, we reported anergy in patients after major burn injury was associated both with failure of circulating lymphocytes from such patients to respond normally to the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A), and with the presence in the patients’ serum of circulating substances suppressive of activation of normal human T lymphocytes4.
A 31-year old Postpartum Woman with Thunderclap Headache: A Case of Segmental Cerebral Vasoconstriction Secondary to Pheochromocytoma (P3.240)

Objective: Illustrate a case of pheochromocytoma presenting with recurrent thunderclap headache and segmental cerebral vasoconstriction that resolves after surgical resection. Background: Pheochromocytoma is a rare but curable cause for recurrent thunderclap headache and cerebral vasoconstriction. There are limited cases in the literature highlighting the severe neurologic complications associated with pheochromocytoma. Design/Methods: NA Results: CASE: A 31-year-old postpartum woman (G1P1) with history of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia developed recurrent thunderclap headaches in the peripartum period. Vital signs were notable for systolic blood pressures in the 140s. Neurologic examination was nonfocal. Initial CT head, CT angiography, and CT venography was unremarkable. Her symptoms were controlled with oral and intravenous analgesics. Unfortunately, her headaches intensified following discharge. Therefore, she underwent brain MRI and MR angiography, which revealed multiple foci of intracranial vascular narrowing. Lumbar puncture was pursued, which demonstrated: total nucleated cells, 1 cell/mcL; glucose, 65 mg/dL; protein, 85 mg/dL; and 0 oligoclonal bands. Upon further questioning, the patient endorsed similar paroxysmal headaches one year earlier. Therefore, a 24-hour urine metanephrine study was obtained, revealing markedly elevated urine metanephrines. Subsequent CT abdomen/pelvis exposed a 3.5 cm complex solid and cystic mass in the left adrenal gland, consistent with a pheochromocytoma. She was referred to General Surgery and underwent a robotic-assisted left adrenalectomy. Pathology confirmed diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Patient exhibited complete headache resolution following surgery. Follow-up MR angiography one-week later revealed interval resolution of the vascular narrowing. Conclusions: Recurrent thunderclap headache in a young person should prompt consideration of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; however, this diagnosis implies a monophasic course with complete or substantial normalization of cerebral arteries on angiography within 12 weeks of symptom-onset. This case highlights a potential neurologic complication associated with pheochromocytoma and should serve to instruct clinicians to search for other mechanisms of cerebral vasoconstriction in atypical cases. Disclosure: Dr. English has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nasr has nothing to disclose.
On the Age of the Sylwester Clovis Point and the Borax Lake Fluted Points

A recent report in PaleoAmerica presented the recovery of a Clovis point from a stratified context in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, Tuolomne County, California. The associated radioca...
The use of research biopsies in oncology trials: challenges and controversies.

In a recent issue of JAMA Oncology , Dr. Christine Parseghian and colleagues reported on the rate of research biopsy reporting for registered clinical trials in the article entitled “Assessment of Reported Trial Characteristics, Rate of Publication, and Inclusion of Mandatory Biopsies of Research Biopsies in Clinical Trials in Oncology” (1). The authors undertook a systematic evaluation of oncologic investigation studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (CTG) over a 15-year period that conducted non-diagnostic solid tumor or lymph node biopsies.
Characteristics, Trends, and Predictors of Specialty Palliative Care Utilization after Lung Transplantation.

Background: Lung transplant recipients who experience serious illness could benefit from specialty palliative care (SPC), but evidence suggests that referral has been rare. Objective: Examine the characteristics of post-transplant SPC encounters, utilization trends, and patient characteristics associated with SPC at a center with established SPC services. Design: Retrospective cohort study of SPC utilization by 597 lung transplant recipients transplanted between 2010 and 2015. We collected data on pretransplant demographics and post-transplant SPC encounters, including timing, location, and referral reasons. Cumulative incidence of SPC and patient characteristics associated with SPC were examined by competing risks methods. Utilization in the first two post-transplant years was compared between subcohorts defined by year of transplantation. Results: SPC cumulative incidence was 27% and 43% at one and five years. More than 60% of encounters occurred in the first post-transplant year including 34% during the index transplant hospitalization. Over 90% of encounters occurred in the inpatient setting. The majority of consults were for symptom management. From 2010 to 2015 inpatient utilization in the first two post-transplant years increased from 23% to 42%, and outpatient utilization increased from 2% to 16%. Accounting for increasing utilization, pretransplant SPC and double-lung transplantation were associated with greater incidence of post-transplant SPC. Conclusions: Lung transplant recipients may have palliative care needs early after transplantation. Increasing utilization suggests greater awareness of or changing attitudes about the utility of SPC for lung transplant recipients. Understanding transplant recipients' palliative care needs and transplant physicians' views of SPC is critical to improving the provision of SPC in lung transplantation.
Recorded Recollections of the Study of Mathematics.

W hat does the layman remember of his mathematics lessons? What impressions remain after formal mathematics education has ceased? Biographical and autobiographical literature provides a view of mathematics education as it existed for some and as it is being documented for posterity. The recorded recollections of the subjects suggest the need for continued sympathetic attention to and careful research on the psychology of teaching mathematics.
Location of the reactive sulfhydryl residues in the primary sequence of the β2 subunit of tryptophan synthase of Escherichiacoli

Abstract Two of the 5 sulfhydryl residues of the β2 subunit of tryptophan synthase have previously been shown to react with N-ethylmaleimide and to have active site roles. We now show that the single sulfhydryl which reacts with N-ethylmaleimide in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate is cysteine-170. The essential sulfhydryl which reacts with N-ethylmaleimide or with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid after removal of pyridoxal phosphate is cysteine-230. The affinity reagent, bromoacetylpyridoxamine phosphate, reacts variably with cysteine-62 or with cysteine-230.
Station of the fetal presenting part: II. Effect on the course of labor

Abstract 1. 1. The relationship between station and the course of labor as defined by the cervical dilatation-time function has been studied. 2. 2. Correlation has been demonstrated in data obtained from a series of 421 nulliparas and 389 multiparas. 3. 3. The higher the station at the onset of labor, the more prolonged the latent and acceleration phases will be in both nulliparas and multiparas. 4. 4. The higher the station at the onset of the active phase, the slower the progress of labor will be in the active phase and second stage. 5. 5. The higher the station at the onset of the deceleration phase, the more protracted the labor in the deceleration phase and second stage is likely to be. 6. 6. The higher the station, the more likely will be the occurrence of one or more of the major aberrant dysfunctional labor patterns. 7. 7. The critical value of station as a prognostic aid is discussed.
“They Sellin’ Us a Dream They Not Preparin’ Us for”: College Readiness, Dysconscious Racism, and Policy Failure in One Rural Black High School

This conceptual analysis examines the implementation of a state-funded college and career readiness pilot program at a small, rural all-Black school in Illinois. Drawing from ethnographic data that dates from 2010, I offer a retrospective analysis on individual based intervention programming for college and career readiness. Concerned with how young Black high school students are constructed as problems in regards to increasing readiness, I trace policy failure through the theoretical lenses of deficit ideology (Valencia in The evolution of deficit thinking: educational thought and practice, Routledge, New York, 1997) and dysconscious racism (King in J Negro Educ 60(2):133–146, 1991). This analysis illuminates how racism ultimately undermines a-contextual efforts to increase readiness for college and career.
The Masculinity of Jesus and the Doctrine of the Real Presence

This chapter analyses how advanced Anglican clergymen—Tractarians, Ritualists, and Anglo-Catholics—in defining the new Anglican Eucharistic doctrine of the Real Presence also described Jesus as exemplifying the qualities associated with mainstream ideals of masculinity. The Jesus they described was strong to the point of death, plainly spoken, and in the company of other men. He was also, in defiance of historical reality, firmly Christian, as Judaism in this period was associated with foreigners and femininity, two qualities also negatively associated with advanced Anglican priests. This analysis suggests that the doctrine of the Real Presence had secular as well as spiritual benefits for these priests, who sometimes struggled to conform to mainstream ideals of masculinity.
Photoaffinity Probes for the Identification of Sequence-Specific Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Proteins

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein interactions mediate critical physiological and pathological processes, such as neuronal plasticity, development, and viral invasion. However, mapping GAG-protein interaction networks is challenging as these interactions often require specific GAG sulfation patterns and involve transmembrane receptors or extracellular matrix-associated proteins. Here, we report the first GAG polysaccharide-based photoaffinity probes for the system-wide identification of GAG-binding proteins in living cells. A general platform for the modular, efficient assembly of various chondroitin sulfate (CS)-based photoaffinity probes was developed. Systematic evaluations led to benzophenone-containing probes that efficiently and selectively captured known CS-E-binding proteins in vitro and in cells. Importantly, the probes also enabled the identification of >50 new proteins from living neurons that interact with the neuroplasticity-relevant CS-E sulfation motif. Several candidates were independently validated and included membrane receptors important for axon guidance, innate immunity, synapse development, and synaptic plasticity. Overall, our studies provide a powerful approach for mapping GAG-protein interaction networks, revealing new potential functions for these polysaccharides and linking them to diseases such as Alzheimer's and autism.
Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning in Untrusted Clouds Made Simple.

We present a practical framework to deploy privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) applications in untrusted clouds based on a trusted execution environment (TEE). Specifically, we shield unmodified PyTorch ML applications by running them in Intel SGX enclaves with encrypted model parameters and encrypted input data to protect the confidentiality and integrity of these secrets at rest and during runtime. We use the open-source Graphene library OS with transparent file encryption and SGX-based remote attestation to minimize porting effort and seamlessly provide file protection and attestation. Our approach is completely transparent to the machine learning application: the developer and the end-user do not need to modify the ML application in any way.
Ectopic Expression of a Maize Gene Is Induced by Composite Insertions Generated Through Alternative Transposition

Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can mobilize and proliferate throughout eukaryotic genomes. Previous studies have shown that in plant genomes, TEs can influence gene expression in various ways, such as inserting in introns or exons to alter transcript structure and content, and providing novel promoters and regulatory elements to generate new regulatory patterns. Furthermore, TEs can also regulate gene expression at the epigenetic level by modifying chromatin structure, changing DNA methylation status, and generating small RNAs. In this study, we demonstrated that Ac/fractured Ac (fAc) TEs are able to induce ectopic gene expression by duplicating and shuffling enhancer elements. Ac/fAc elements belong to the hAT family of class II TEs. They can undergo standard transposition events, which involve the two termini of a single transposon, or alternative transposition events that involve the termini of two different nearby elements. Our previous studies have shown that alternative transposition can generate various genome rearrangements such as deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations, and composite insertions (CIs). We identified >50 independent cases of CIs generated by Ac/fAc alternative transposition and analyzed 10 of them in detail. We show that these CIs induced ectopic expression of the maize pericarp color 2 (p2) gene, which encodes a Myb-related protein. All the CIs analyzed contain sequences including a transcriptional enhancer derived from the nearby p1 gene, suggesting that the CI-induced activation of p2 is affected by mobilization of the p1 enhancer. This is further supported by analysis of a mutant in which the CI is excised and p2 expression is lost. These results show that alternative transposition events are not only able to induce genome rearrangements, but also generate CIs that can control gene expression.