cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ultrasound with navigation leads to improved liver lesion identification and needle placement

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate whether enhanced three-dimensional ultrasound (US) could increase the accuracy and efficacy for liver tumor identification and needle placement. Methods In a prospective study, 30 surgeons of various training levels were evaluated for lesion identification success and accuracy of needle placement. All surgeons were evaluated for time (seconds) to identify the liver lesions in an artificial model and placement of needles after review of a 3-phase computed tomography scan of the liver, first using standard B-mode US and then using E-3DUS. Results Participants included 10 hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgeons, 5 surgical fellows, 10 postgraduate years 4 and 5 surgical residents, and 5 postgraduate year-3 residents. Liver lesions were correctly identified in 73% of the cases using B-mode US alone and 100% in E-3DUS. The mean time to identification using B-mode was 51.9 s (standard deviation ±37.1), which was significantly longer than with E-3DUS (time, 17.9 s, standard deviation ±10.7; P = 0.002). There was significant improvement in time-to-lesion identification using E-3DUS across all training levels ( P ≤ 0.002). There was also a significant reduction in time for accurate needle placement across all training levels (mean reduction of 60%, with enhanced accuracy [ P = 0.001]) Conclusions E-3DUS significantly enhances lesion identification regardless of size and enhances needle accuracy for all surgeons. This adjunctive system should be considered for both training and for all complex liver tumor ablations.
Non-linearities and nominal contracting effects: The case of the depreciation tax shield

Abstract This paper shows that the effect of nominal contracting on stock returns may be more important than previously believed. When information on the maturity structure of depreciation tax shields is incorporated into tests of the nominal contracting hypothesis, nominal contracting effects that are not otherwise detectable become so. Additionally, the proportion of stock return variation explained by nominal contracting effects and the aggregate effect on stock returns of depreciation tax shield revaluations are found to be greater than previously believed.
Cerebral metastases--a therapeutic update.

Cerebral metastases are a common complication of systemic cancer, and their incidence is set to increase as cancer therapies improve and patients survive longer. In this article, Cavaliere and Schiff review the available therapeutic options for cerebral metastases, and consider the factors that are most likely to influence treatment decisions. Cerebral metastases remain a common complication among patients with cancer. Historically, whole-brain radiotherapy has remained the standard of care, with surgery being reserved for selected cases. Recent advances have changed our practice, however. In particular, stereotactic radiosurgery has emerged as a vital treatment modality for this disease. In addition, chemotherapy, including temozolomide, topoisomerase inhibitors and antimetabolites, and treatment sensitizers, such as efaproxiral and motexafin gadolinium, are actively being assessed in clinical trials, and are likely to play an increasing role in the management of cerebral metastases in the future. Nonetheless, many uncertainties remain, such as the optimal combination and timing of therapeutics. As the arsenal of therapeutics expands, it will be increasingly important to select appropriate patients for a particular treatment paradigm. Understanding the efficacy and toxicity of treatment is essential to this task.
Intrauterine growth retardation in renal insufficiency: An experimental model in the rat

Experiments described here with partially nephrectomized pregnant rats with pair-fed controls and controls fed at will indicate that decreased maternal food intake is a major factor in the intrauterine growth retardation associated with moderate renal insufficiency during the last trimester of gestation. Although renal disease in human pregnancy is often associated with vascular insufficiency, the possibility that maternal undernutrition may also play a contributory role in the fetal growth failure associated with certain cases of human renal compromise merits further study.
The p+n−n+ diode pulsed at extreme current densities—I: Numerical techniques and reverse pulsed case

Abstract The anomalous voltage transient response of the p + n − n + diode structure to a single non-repetitive intense current pulse is presented for current densities up to and greater than 10 4 amp/cm 2 . A very general device model and an accurate numerical iterative method are used to solve the basic transport equations leaving the selection of pulse wave form, generation-recombination laws, avalanching, doping profiles, mobility, and injection levels arbitrary. The boundary conditions are applied solely to the external contacts. In order to achieve numerical convergence to such a nonlinear problem, due to the extreme currents, it was determined that a very accurate thermal equilibrium solution was necessary. Two examples for the reverse pulse case, reach-through and avalanche, are presented to show the effects of large current densities on the reverse voltage response.
Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with pregnancy: a retrospective 10-year investigative study

We conducted chart reviews on 56 women of childbearing age (up to age 40) diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Of these, 16 (30%) were identified as having pregnancy-associated disease. Eleven of the 16 were diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinoma (i.a.) and 5 with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Prior cervicovaginal smears were available on 12 of the 16 women; of these, only one was reported as showing cancer. Mean age at time of diagnosis of AIS and IA in the pregnant women was 33 and 30.3 yr and in the nonpregnant women, 30.6 and 32.8 yr, respectively. We found an absolute increase in the number of cases of adenocarcinoma of the cervix over the past decade in both pregnant and age-matched nonpregnant women of childbearing age (1984-1988: 6, pregnant; 12, nonpregnant; 1989-1994: 10, pregnant; 28, nonpregnant) but no significant difference in the percentages of the disease in pregnant vs. nonpregnant populations (Z = 0.95). We also found an overall increase in the number of diagnosed cases of adenocarcinoma of the cervix (especially in situ) in both study groups over the same time period (1984-1988: 3, AIS; 14, IA; 1989-1994: 15, AIS; 24, IA).
INCREASING THE TENDERNESS OF BULLOCK BEEF BY USE OF ANTEMORTEM ENZYME INJECTION

Steaks from 58 beef carcasses were used to determine the effects of antemortem injections of proteolytic enzyme in increasing tenderness and/or in reducing tenderness variability among bullock carcasses. Sensory panel ratings indicated that steaks from the carcasses of treated bullocks did not differ significantly from steaks from treated steer carcasses in tenderness or overall satisfaction, but were significantly more tender and satisfactory overall than steaks from untreated bullocks. Variation in tenderness scores within the group of steaks from treated bullocks was reduced to a level more nearly comparable to that of steaks from treated steers. Since antemortem injections of papain increased tenderness and reduced the variability in tenderness among steaks from bullock carcasses, such treatment could be used to more effectively merchandise beef from young bulls.
Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation for cardio-respiratory disorders in adults

Following the classic 'iron lung' non-invasive negative pressure ventilator, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), particularly used 'nocturnally' has developed a broad role in both the acute hospital setting and domiciliary long-term use for many cardio-respiratory disorders associated with acute and chronic ventilatory failure. This role is based in part upon the perceived relative ease of application and discontinuation of NIPPV, ability to avoid intubation or tracheostomy and their associated morbidities and availability of increasingly portable pressure and volume cycled NIPPV devices. Nevertheless, the many methodologies necessary for optimal NIPPV use are often underappreciated by health care workers and patients alike. This review focuses on the rationale, practice, and future directions for 'nocturnal' use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (nNIV) in cardio-respiratory disorders in adults which are commonly associated with sleep-related apnea, hypoventilation and hypoxemia: congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), cystic fibrosis (CF) and neuromuscular disorders.
Load-dependent roles of frontal brain regions in the maintenance of working memory

Brain imaging studies have suggested a critical role for prefrontal cortex in working memory (WM) tasks that require both maintainenance and manipulation of information over time in delayed-response WM tasks. In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine whether prefrontal areas are activated when only maintenance is required in a delayed-response WM task, without the overt requirement to manipulate the stored information. In two scans, six subjects performed WM tasks in which, on each trial, they (1) encoded 1, 3, or 6 to-be-remembered letters, (2) maintained these letters across a 5-second unfilled delay, and (3) determined whether a single probe letter was or was not part of the memory set. Activation of left caudal inferior frontal gyrus was observed, relative to the 1-letter task, when subjects were required to maintain 3 letters in WM. When subjects were required to maintain 6 letters in WM, additional prefrontal areas, most notably middle and superior frontal gyri, were activated bilaterally. Thus, increasing the amount of to-be-maintained information, without any overt manipulation requirement, resulted in the recruitment of wide-spread frontal-lobe regions. Inferior frontal gyrus activation was left-hemisphere dominant in both the 3- and 6-letter conditions, suggesting that such activation reflected material-specific verbal processes. Activation in middle and superior frontal gyri appeared only in the 6-letter condition and was right-hemisphere dominant, suggesting that such activation reflected material-independent executive processes.
Minireview: Recent Advances in Extranuclear Steroid Receptor Actions

The participation of extranuclear steroid receptor signaling in organ physiology and the impact for pathobiology has increasingly been demonstrated. Important functions of membrane estrogen receptors in the cardiovascular system demonstrate new mechanisms of rapid steroid signaling to gene regulation, preventing cardiovascular disease and maintaining healthy arterial function. In cancer cells, kinase signaling initiated by extranuclear estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors modulates transcriptional events in the nucleus, which in turn regulate proliferation, migration, and invasion. Important mediators of cross talk between cytoplasmic and nuclear steroid receptor signaling are the proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 and paxillin proteins, both of which modulate membrane and nuclear receptor pool signaling to promote a variety of cell biological functions.
T-torsion theories and central localizations

We use the notion of a critical right ideal as developed by Lambek and Michler [9] as a generalization of prime ideals in a commutative ring. Call a right ideal P of the ring R critical if for every H properly containing P, Hom(R/H, E(r/P)) = 0 where E(R/P) is the injective hull of R/P (Gordon and Robson call R/P monoform). In the first section we look at T-torsion theories (T in the sense of Goldman [4]). Let S be a ring of quotients with respect to some T-torsion theory. Then there is a natural bijection between critical right ideals of S and closed critical right ideals of R (P closed means R/P torsion-free). We also prove that this torsion theory is cogenerated by a family of critical right ideals. A corollary of this gives a generalization of a result of Richman [12]. Namely, we show that if R is prime Goldie and S is a left flat, epimorphic ring extension of R, then S = n RP where P runs over some family of critical right ideals. Here R, denotes the ring of quotients with respect to the torsion theor! cogenerated by E(R/P). In the second section we look at localizations of R at prime ideals of the Center R = -4. In the most general case, let R be an arbitrary ring (with identity). Then w. dim R = sup w. dim R./l , where ;K runs through the maximal ideals of .-I. (w. dim R is weak or flat dimension of R.) \Ve then investigate the case when R either is (i) finitely generated over A (as a module) or (ii) R is Xoetherian and is integral over A. If R satisfies either of these conditions, then there is a canonical bijection between (two-sided) prime ideals of R and the equivalence classes of critical right ideals (PI is equivalent to P2 if E(R/P,) N E(R/P,)). Theorem 2.14 and Corollary 2.15 give the main results of this paper, which are as follows: If R satisfies either (i) or (ii), then there exists a family F of semiprime ideals such that: (I) for each N E 7, localization at N is T; NR, = Jacobson radical of R, ; and R,/NR, is Artinian; and (2) an R module M is flat iff MA, is R,\flat for all NE .F.
When “Boy Meets Tractor” became “Scientist Meets Cybernetics”: post-war scientific paradigms and the socialist realist plot

In the 1976 novella One Billion Years Before the End of the World, the Soviet Union’s science fiction writers A. and B. Strugatsky created a tale about contemporary Moscow scientists who are prevented by mysterious forces from completing their work. This analysis shows how the Strugatskys imbedded the systems feedback (cybernetic) paradigm into the familiar narrative stages of a socialist realist fairytale. The non-teleological principles of cybernetics could not be reconciled with the formal structure of socialist realism, so that the exchange between science and literature proceeded in an unanticipated direction. Insofar as writers used advances in Soviet science as a source of aesthetic material, they were able to create new possibilities of meaning and interpretation in a mandated literary form.
Judicious Use of Journal Impact Factors and the Preservation of Our Fields of Study

This article comments on the judicious use of journal impact factors. It aims to preserve our fields of study within the context of increased scholarly scrutiny and the hierarchical structures inherent in academia. It concludes by recommending actions for JOPERD, other journals in the field, and the producers and evaluators of scholarship.
Persisting arguments about visual persistence: reply to Long.

In a recent paper we investigated the effect of stimulus duration on partial report performance (Yeomans & Irwin, 1985). Two experiments showed that variations in stimulus duration from 50 to 500 msec had little or no effect on partial report accuracy, decay, or error patterns. Our results contrasted with previous research demonstrating that increasing stimulus duration decreases visible persistence duration (e.g., Bowen, Pola, & Matin, 1974; Cohene, 1975; Di Lollo, 1977, 1980; Efron, 1970a, 1970b, 1970c; Haber & Standing, 1970). We concluded that our findings provided support for the argument (Coltheart, 1980) that informational persistence (knowledge about the visual properties of a stimulus, as accessed by partial report) is a phenomenon that is separate from visible persistence (the phenomenal persistence of a stimulus), and we suggested that the traditional view of iconic memory, which conflates these two forms of persistence, is incorrect. We proposed, as a replacement to the traditional view, a two-stage model in which a brief period of visible persistence initiated at stimulus onset and sensitive to stimulus energy is followed by a longer period of informational persistence which begins at stimulus offset and is relatively insensitive to stimulus energy. In a recent note, Long (l985a) took exception to the conclusions of our study. He made two specific criticisms-first, that it is dangerous to base a model on a null effect; and second, that we overlooked substantial empirical evidence that was inconsistent with the two-stage model we proposed. We address each of these criticisms below.
Parasympathetic control of heart period during early postnatal development in the rat.

Abstract Basal autonomic control of heart period (HP) changes considerably during the early postnatal period in the rat. Although studies in the developing animal have examined the ability of the sympathetic branch to decrease HP during physiological challenge, few studies have examined the emerging capabilities of the parasympathetic branch to alter HP during early development. To determine the extent of parasympathetic control of HP in the young rat, we used a modified dive reflex procedure and electrical stimulation of the vagal nerve to examine the range of parasympathetic effects on HP in postnatal day 3–24 rats. Modified dive reflex manipulations produced maximal parasympathetically-mediated HPs that were longer just after birth and at weaning than at intervening ages. Direct vagal nerve stimulation studies revealed significant decreases with age in the HP at maximal vagal activation and in the intrinsic HP. The dynamic range, or difference between minimal and maximal parasympathetic effects on HP was similar across ages when assessed from the results of vagal stimulation. Nerve stimulations also revealed age-independent and relatively linear transfer functions relating parasympathetic stimulation frequency and HP during early life. Therefore, several parameters characterizing parasympathetic control of HP, including the dynamic range and transfer function, remain reasonably stable throughout the early postnatal period in the rat. These data provide a framework delineating the autonomic limits within which cardiac responses operate in the young rat. Knowledge of changes in these limits across time affords a firmer physiological basis for cross-age comparisons of autonomically-mediated cardiac changes.
Proteins in multiple myeloma. VI. Cryoglobulins.

Abstract Eight cryoglobulins (abnormal human plasma globulins that have diminished solubility in the cold) have been investigated by means of the analytical ultracentrifuge, electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid analysis, and serological classification. Although no systematic correlation among the physical constants, amino end groups, and antigenic type was apparent, all the cryoglobulins but one were closely related to normal human γ-globulin. The cryoglobulins differed most notably from normal γ-globulin and from each other in the nature of their amino end groups. In the N-terminal position, three proteins had essentially only aspartic acid, three essentially only glutamic acid, and two had both dicarboxylic acids. The hypothesis is suggested that cryoglobulins are truly unnatural proteins formed only in disease.
Driving performance of novice and experienced drivers in lane-change scenarios

Using a virtual reality driving simulator, the behavior of 12 novice and 12 experienced drivers was recorded during three right-to-left lane-change scenarios. The first scenario had no vehicles in the left lane, the second had one rear-approaching vehicle in the left lane, and the third had three vehicles approaching from the rear left lane. Each lane-change maneuver was composed of 1) a preparatory period, 2) the actual steering initiative from the right lane to the left lane, and 3) a post-lane change period and was to be accomplished while maintaining a specified highway velocity. Lane deviation data showed that novice drivers had significantly more variance in lane position during the preparatory and post-lane change periods than experienced drivers. Novice drivers also spend significantly less time looking at the vehicle’s speedometer and mirrors. This study suggests that virtual reality driving simulators may be useful in helping novice drivers acquire the skills necessary for safe lane change maneuvers.
Role of glutathione conjugate efflux in cellular protection against benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide–induced DNA damage

Glutathione (GSH) conjugation of (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide [(+)-anti-BPDE], the activated metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, is believed to be an important mechanism in detoxification of this environmental and dietary carcinogen. Here, we demonstrate that the intracellular accumulation of GSH conjugate of (+)-anti-BPDE (BPD-SG) caused a statistically significant increase in (+)-anti-BPDE–induced DNA adduction. The relationship between intracellular accumulation of BPD-SG and (+)-anti-BPDE–induced DNA adduction was studied using a canine kidney epithelial cell line (MDCKII) and its variants overexpressing multidrug resistance transporter (MDR1) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT; also known as multidrug resistance protein 2). MDR1 and cMOAT are implicated in ATP-dependent efflux of anticancer drugs or GSH-xenobiotic conjugates, or both. The GST activity toward (+)-anti-BPDE in parental MDCKII cells did not differ from that in subline overexpressing MDR1 (MDCKII-MDR1) or cMOAT (MDCKII-cMOAT). Intracellular accumulation of BPD-SG, after a 5- or 10-min incubation with 1 μM (+)-anti-BPDE, was significantly higher in parental (41- to 67-fold) and MDCK II-MDR1 cells (31- to 43-fold) than in the MDCKII-cMOAT cells. Interestingly, the levels of DNA adducts of (+)-anti-BPDE, after a 30-min incubation with 0.1 or 0.5 μM [3H](+)-anti-BPDE, were significantly higher (about 2.1- and 1.7-fold, respectively) in parental cells than in the MDCKII-cMOAT cells. The results of the present study indicate that in addition to GSH conjugation, the efflux of BPD-SG may be essential for cellular protection against (+)-anti-BPDE–induced DNA damage. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
EXPERIMENTAL SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHAOS USING CONTINUOUS CONTROL

We show experimentally that two identical chaotic Chua’s circuits can be synchronized by applying the method of continuous chaos control. The presented method is especially useful for higher-dimensional systems.
The Common Occurrence of Micronuclear Variation During Binary Fission in an Unusual Race of Paramecium caudatum

Unstable micronuclear behavior was investigated in an unusual race of Paramecium caudatum. Lines were begun, after isolating single vegetative specimens, to yield mass cultures. After study of living specimens in the precision micro-compression chamber and permanent preparations stained with Feulgen and iron-hematoxylin, most paramecia revealed a single micronucleus but many were observed with two micronuclei and fewer with more than two micronuclei—occasionally three, rarely four. Specimens measured 225 microns in length; the micronucleus about seven microns. Instead of normal cyclosis, the protoplasm exhibited great fluidity. Generally two contractile vacuoles were present but specimens with three vacuoles, even four, were not uncommon. The method of producing amicronucleate specimens and those with variable numbers of micronuclei was discovered by studying large numbers of actively dividing paramecia. Instead of a micronucleus passing to each daughter at the end of fission as in normal animals, the entire late telophase stage of the dividing micronucleus is passed to the anterior or posterior daughter cell at the time of constriction of the cell. The result is that one daughter is bimicronucleate and the other daughter amicronucleate. Bimicronucleate and amicronucleate animals are capable of dividing normally. In bimicronucleate specimens, division stages show two micronuclei in late telophase stages that result in four micronuclei, two passing to each daughter cell. However, aberrations may again occur in fission to produce variations in number of micronuclei. The irregularly shaped, atypical, macronucleus may extrude chromatin or may undergo complete fragmentation (hemixis, type D). Paramecia and macronuclei may be parasitized by a microorganism which may cause this derangement of normal micronuclear events. This possibility of induction of micronuclear variation in Paramecium by foreign microorganisms may be of considerable evolutionary significance in the genus.
Light-driven actuation of fluids at microscale

This paper discusses the prospects of light-driven actuation particularly for actuating fluids at micro-scale for potential use in a novel retinal prosthesis and other drug delivery applications. The prosthesis is conceived to be comprised of an array of light-driven microfluidic-dispenser units, devices that eject very small amounts of fluids on the order of 1 picoliter per second in response to incident light energy in the range of 0.1-1 mW/cm 2 . A light-driven actuator, whose size will ideally be smaller than about 100 micrometers in diameter, independently powers each dispenser unit. Towards this application, various approaches for transducing light energy for actuation of fluids are explored. These approaches encompass both direct transduction of light energy to mechanical actuation of fluid and indirect transduction through an intermediary form of energy, for instance, light energy to thermal or electrical energy followed by mechanical actuation of fluid. Various existing schemes for such transduction are reviewed comprehensively and discussed from the standpoint of the application requirements. Direct transduction schemes exploiting recent developments in optically sensitive materials that exhibit direct strain upon illumination, particularly the photostrictive PLZT (Lanthanum modified Lead Zirconate Titanate), are studied for the current application, and results of some preliminary experiments involving measurement of photovoltage, photocurrent, and photo-induced strain in the meso-scale samples of the PLZT material are presented.
Pressure distributions on parachute ribbon shapes

Pressure distributions across the surface of parachute ribbons in a low-speed flow were measured. The data were taken at five chordwise points and several spanwise stations using flexible pressure tubes sewn to the ribbons. The measured data indicate that angle-of-attack and curvature both have significant effects on the pressure loading distribution, and that an assumption of constant pressure loading may give large errors in shape and stress prediction methods.
Assignment of the CO stretching absorptions in C4v metal pentacarbonyl derivatives. The method of local oscillating dipoles

Abstract Metal pentacarbonyl derivatives of composition M (CO) 5 X should have structures with C 4 v symmetry and thus are expected to show three fundamental absorption bands in the CO stretching region of the infrared due to 2 a 1 + e modes. When M = Re and X = Cl, only two fundamental bands appear. As the size of M is decreased or that of X increased, a weak band on the high-energy side of the main peaks is observed to increase in intensity. By use of a simple oscillating local dipole picture in describing the different carbonyl stretching modes of these molecules, it is shown that the weak high-energy band can be assigned to one of the a 1 modes which, due to cancellation of moments, cannot be observed if four of the CO groups are coplanar. However, as these four groups are forced out of the plane this mode becomes active. Assignment of the other two fundamentals is made on the basis of position and intensity of the bands.
Surface fluctuations and criticality in a class of one-dimensional sandpile models.

We study the surface fluctuations of the one-dimensional limited local sandpile (LLS), a numerical model that exhibits self-organized critically. We argue that certain apparently anomalous features can be understood when the model is viewed as a limiting case of a family of noncritical models. The critically of the LLS is shown to result from a hidden symmetry which may not be present in real sandpiles
What's Wrong with the Pipeline? Assumptions about Gender and Culture in IT Work

In scholarly and practical discourse, the under-representation of women in technology and science is often attributed to a shortage of women “in the pipeline.” In this essay, we analyze this dominant metaphor and argue that it imposes an appealing but simplistic symbol onto a labor market filled with exceptions and divergences. Further, it calls attention to a normative “flow” rather than lived work experiences. We suggest the pipeline metaphor be augmented with a focus on the layers of culture surrounding IT work. Research on culture change suggests that significant systemic interventions are required; organizations must achieve a critical mass in the number of women before change can occur. Without systemic change, short-term strategies will not make the crucial difference in the numbers of women in IT.
Evaluation of intrahepatic cholestasis with radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging.

Since hepatobiliary imaging with99mTc=labeled iminodiacetic acid derivatives (HIDA) allows relatively separate, sequential measurement of hepatocyte clearance, parenchymal transit, and biliary excretion, these agents should be useful in differentiating intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) from other hepatobiliary disorders. We studied 18 patients with clinical evidence of IC in whom the parenchymal transit time was increased disproportionately to any decrease in hepatocyte clearance. In a second group of 14 patients with hepatocyte disease but without clinical evidence of IC, the average parenchymal transit time was increased less in relation to the average decrease in hepatocyte clearance than in the IC group. In 15 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, the average hepatocyte clearance was disproportionately increased, as in IC, but large-duct obstruction was identified by scintigrams, ultrasound, or computed tomography. These preliminary results suggest that IC can be diagnosed with hepatobiliary imaging.
Skin necrosis after total knee arthroplasty.

Nine patients were treated for skin necrosis after total knee arthroplasty. Eight patients had predisposing factors, which may have increased their risk of developing wound complications. Seven patients developed necrosis over the patellar tendon or tibial tubercle, of whom 6 were treated with muscle flap coverage. Two patients developed necrosis over the patella, both of whom were treated with local wound care and skin grafting. Successful wound healing and salvage of the total knee arthroplasty was achieved in all cases. Treatment of necrosis over the patellar tendon or tibial tubercle usually requires muscle flap coverage, whereas necrosis over the patella may be treated with local wound care and skin grafting.
Attenuation of retroactive inhibition by a single electroconvulsive shock

A retroactively interfering reversal habit, a left or right turn in a single-unit water maze, was learned by 28 rats. The interpolated habit was immediately followed in 14 of the animals by a single electroshock convulsion. Reliable “interference with retroactive interference” was found: shock animals were superior in demonstrating retention of original learning. This finding is discussed with reference to major behavioral theories of ECS and interpreted as being more nearly supportive of amnesic, as opposed to fear-induction or competing-response, mechanisms.
On the theory of linear dynamic system with periodic parameters

This paper presents an extension of the classical theory of Floquet to provide a unified treatment on the state transformation properties and stability of linear dynamic systems with continuous and piecewise continuous periodic parameters. The linear dynamic system with periodic parameters is represented mathematically by a linear differential equation with periodic coefficients. It is shown that the linear differential equation with periodic coefficients can always be reduced to linear difference equations with constant coefficient matrices. The coefficient matrices of difference equations are all related to each other by similarity transformations. Consequently, it is sufficient to study any one of the difference equations to determine stability of the original differential equation with periodic coefficients. The entire discussion is developed from the point of view of the state transformation which has been proven to be of great use in the study of dynamic systems.
Measurement and meaning: The treatment acceptability construct and comments on lundervold Et Al. (1991)

The treatment acceptability construct is discussed in the context of Lundervold, Young, Bourland, and Jackson's (1991) attempt to assess it through use of the Geriatric Treatment Acceptability Survey (GTAS) and Attitudes toward Behavior Analysis Scale (ABAS). Consequences of employing standard descriptions of client, problem behavior, and treatment are examined, as is Lundervold et al.'s (1991) use of an ‘average individual rater-to-total group of raters’ alpha coefficient. It is argued that the heuristic value of treatment acceptability research is enhanced with a broad definition of treatment acceptability and when client, problem behavior, and treatment descriptions are allowed to vary.
Determinants of Differences in Feelings Toward Senators Representing the Same State

s, 1988. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.118 on Fri, 22 Apr 2016 05:45:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Determinants of Differences in Feelings 725 Whitby, Kenny, and Timothy Bledsoe. 1986. "The Impact of Policy Voting on the Electoral Fortunes of Senate Incumbents." Western Political Quarterly 39: 690-700. Wright, Gerald, Jr. 1989. "Policy Voting in the U.S. Senate: Who is Represented?" Legislative Politics Quarterly 3: 465-82. Wright, Gerald, Jr., and Michael Berkman. 1986. "Candidates and Policy in United States Senate Election." American Political Science Review 80: 567-90. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.118 on Fri, 22 Apr 2016 05:45:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Vapor—liquid equilibria for the binary system 2-methylbutene-2 and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene at 310.93, 316.48 and 322.04 K

Abstract Total pressure, vapor—liquid equilibrium data for the binary system 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene and 2-methylbutene-2 are reported at 310.93, 316.48 and 322.04 K. The experimental uncertainties in measured variables, expressed as standard deviations, are 0.0005 mole fraction, 0.01 K and 0.2% of measured pressure. The coefficients for a modified Wilson solution model are also reported. These coefficients were determined from the experimental data using a general non-linear least-squares technique which accounts for experimental uncertainties in independent and dependent variables. The standard deviations of prediction for temperature-independent coefficients are 0.17% for pressure, 0.001 K for temperature and 0.00001 for mole fraction.
Reject analysis: a comparison of conventional film–screen radiography and computed radiography with PACS

Abstract Purpose This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the reject rate and causes of rejection between conventional film–screen radiography and computed radiography with PACS in the same radiology department. Methods Rejected radiographs of conventional film–screen radiography were collected over a 12-month period. After the installation of a computed radiography system and picture archiving and communication system (PACS), rejected images were also recorded at the quality assurance workstation for 12 months. The rejected radiographs and images were analyzed and categorized into seven groups according to the causes of rejection. Results The overall reject rate of computed radiography with PACS (1.3%) was significantly lower than that of conventional radiography (2.1%). In conventional radiography, exposure (38.6%) and positioning (28.2%) errors were the main reasons for rejection, whereas the main reason in computed radiography was positioning errors (55.4%). Rejection due to exposure errors and patient movement in computed radiography (7.4% and 2.3%, respectively) are significantly lower than those in conventional radiography (38.6% and 6.5%, respectively). Conclusions With the use of computed radiography and PACS, the overall reject rate is reduced when compared to conventional film–screen radiography. Unnecessary radiation exposure to patients due to image retake can be reduced.
Acculturation and direct purchasing behavior among ethnic groups in the US: implications for business practitioners

Reports on a study to determine the influence of acculturation in Hispanic, Asian and black communities to US customs and practices regarding direct response purchasing behavior of self‐image projective products. A survey of students attending a western state university was conducted. The self‐administered questionnaire was developed to assess the following information: degree of acculturation; attitudes toward direct marketing; previous direct purchasing experiences; intention to respond to direct response advertisements of selected self image projective products; and demographic information. Results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) yielded significant results at the 0.001 level regarding degree of acculturation by ethnic group. Degree of acculturation by Asians was significantly lower than any other ethnic group as well as compared to American whites. Discusses implications of the findings.
Rapid determination of zeptomole quantities of Pb2+ with the mercury monolayer carbon fiber electrode

Abstract This work describes and studies a process for electrolytic deposition of a mercury monolayer on a carbon fiber electrode. Exceptional sensitivity for the determination of Pb2+ is demonstrated when the mercury-monolayer-on-carbon electrode (MMCFE) is used with fast (v > 1 kV/s) anodic stripping voltammetry. Investigation of the nature of the analytical signal revealed that the high sensitivity is due to ionization of Pb atoms in the mercury layer, which catalyzes the oxidation of atomic hydrogen adsorbed at the Hg layer. For a 1 s preconcentration time at a cylinder electrode (A = 1.1 × 10−3 cm2), the calculated detection limit (3 std. dev. of baseline noise) is 80 fM, corresponding to ca. 1 zeptomole of Pb.
Holographic thin films, spatial light modulators, and optical associative memories based on bacteriorhodopsin

The diffraction efficiency and nonlinear transmission properties of chemically enhanced thin films of bacteriorhodopsin are analyzed by using absorption spectroscopy, the Kramers-Kronig transformation, coupled wave theory, and a simplified kinetic model of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. Photoconversion of bR to a 50:50 mixture of bR and M generates a large change in refractive index that is proportional to the bacteriorhodopsin concentration and is greatest in regions where the difference in absorption coefficients is smallest. The predicted diffraction efficiencies are dominated by large phase components in regions of minimal bR and M absorption. The maximum diffraction efficiency (11) for a 2.5 OD, 150 micrometers thick film occurs at readout wavelengths between 620 nm - 700 nm. These films also exhibit significant nonlinearity in transmissivity at low laser intensities and could find potential use in spatial filtering applications. A real time optical associative memory based on holographic thin films of bacteriorhodopsin is also discussed.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rearrangement of nitrocarbenes to acyl nitroso compounds

Abstract Acyl nitroso compounds may be trapped as eneophiles and Diels-Alder adducts under thermal and transition metal catalyst conditions using nitrodiazomethane, ethyl nitrodiazoacetate and trifluoromethylnitrodiazomethane.
ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN'S FAMILIAL ROLES: Changes in the United States, 1977-1985

Changes between 1977 and 1985 in women's and men's attitudes toward women's familial roles were examined using National Opinion Research Center General Social Survey data. Despite speculation that a backlash against feminism occurred during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and evidence from past studies of a possible slowdown in gender-role attitude change, the data show a significant increase in profeminist views of the wife and mother roles among both women and men. More of this change occurred within cohorts than through cohort succession. With the exception of college-graduate women, whose support for gender equality was high at both periods, the profeminist trend occurred about equally in all sociodemographic subgroups of the population, although even in 1985, men were less feminist in orientation than women.
In Quest of the Universal Language: Romance and the History of an Idea.

The new English translation of Paolo Rossi’s now classic study, Logic and the Art of Memory, presents a useful opportunity to examine contemporary efforts to understand what its subtitle calls “the quest for a universal language.” At the same time, an old seventeenth-century philosophical romance, Thomas Urquhart’s Jewel, affords a good test case for evaluating the success of those contemporary critical efforts — including Rossi’s own. First among contemporary scholars, Rossi made it possible to study seriously the seventeenth-century universal language movement by recovering the history of an idea — the pursuit of the so-called clavis universalis, the universal key to knowledge, from the ancient arts of memory to the Enlightenment’s philosophical language projects. While Rossi’s study has clearly withstood the test of time, since it still has much to teach us about the history of an idea — what Urquhart would call “pure eloquence” — his study has less utility in clarifying the status of that idea in history. Understanding Urquhart’s Jewel requires, I argue, two different forms of history whose interplay is always complicated: the history of ideas and the history of those politically charged engagements with ideas by authors whose situation at a specific time and a specific place brings meanings to their work that transcend epistemological concerns alone.
Web-based video monitoring of CT and MRI procedures

A web-based video transmission of images from CT and MRI consoles was implemented in an Intranet environment for real- time monitoring of ongoing procedures. Images captured from the consoles are compressed to video resolution and broadcasted through a web server. When called upon, the attending radiologists can view these live images on any computer within the secured Intranet network. With adequate compression, these images can be displayed simultaneously in different locations at a rate of 2 to 5 images/sec through standard LAN. The quality of the images being insufficient for diagnostic purposes, our users survey showed that they were suitable for supervising a procedure, positioning the imaging slices and for routine quality checking before completion of a study. The system was implemented at UCLA to monitor 9 CTs and 6 MRIs distributed in 4 buildings. This system significantly improved the radiologists productivity by saving precious time spent in trips between reading rooms and examination rooms. It also improved patient throughput by reducing the waiting time for the radiologists to come to check a study before moving the patient from the scanner.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On properties of geometric random problems in the plane

In this paper, we present results dealing with properties of well-known geometric random problems in the plane, together with their motivations. The paper specifically concentrates on the traveling salesman and minimum spanning tree problems, even though most of the results apply to other problems such as the Steiner tree problem and the minimum weight matching problem.
Problems related to very high power windows at microwave frequencies

A discussion is given of the types of windows used on the 20 MW klystrons which serve as sources of radio-frequency power for the high-energy linear electron accelerator at Stanford University. Both ceramic disk windows and ceramic cone windows have been used for this purpose, and several methods of mounting the window in the output waveguide of the tube have been tried. The choice of both physical and electrical characteristics of the windows are dictated by considerations of size, power level, irradiation by electrons and X-rays, vacuum requirements and the like. The single most important requirement of these windows is that they should have long life, since window life is now the major factor in life of the tubes. Results are presented on average life of the windows over the period of the last few years. The causes of failure are not completely understood at the present time, but a discussion is given of the typical kinds of failure and the factors which influence window life. The goal of window research at Stanford is to increase the reliable operation life of windows from the present value of approximately 1900 h to perhaps 5000 h.
Nonsurgical management of lye-induced antral stricture with hydrostatic balloon dilation.

esophageal strictures. Am J GastroenteroI1981;76:173. 7. Luna LL. Endoscopic therapy of benign esophageal stricture. Endoscopy 1983;15:203-6. 8. Arvanitakis C. Lower esophageal ring: endoscopic and therapeutic aspects. Gastrointest Endosc 1977;24:17-8. 9. Postlethwait RW, Sealy WC. Experiences with the treatment of patients with lower esophageal webs. Ann Surg 1976;165:78696. 10. Buess G, Thon J, Eitenmuller J, et al. The endoscopic multiplediameter bougie-clinical results after one year of application. Endoscopy 1983;15:337-41. 11. Lindor KD, Ott BJ, Hughes RW Jr. Balloon dilation of upper digestive tract strictures. Gastroenterology 1985;89:545-8. 12. Graham DY, Smith JL. Balloon dilatation of benign and malignant esophageal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 1985;31:171-4.
The application of Moire magnification to high-resolution studies of human premolar eruption

Abstract The optical phenomenon of Moire magnification can be used to provide real-time measurements of the position of an erupting human premolar, with a resolution of 0.1 μm or better. A new instrument for this purpose, which allows repeated measurements in the same individual, is described. Cyclic changes in the position of the erupting tooth in concert with the heartbeat, with a magnitude of 0.05–0.35 μm, can be discerned. An unusual cyclic rhythm, with a period of 20–50 s, was observed.
A 20-year-old woman with rapidly progressive dyspnea and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates

Silicone is a liquid polymer previously considered to be immunologically inert and favored in cosmetic procedures. Increasing evidence shows a multisystemic inflammatory reaction to its administration constituting the silicone embolism syndrome (SES). The majority of adverse effects are seen in the pulmonary system resulting in extensive diffuse alveolar damage and ultimately ARDS. Neurologic involvement occurs frequently and is uniformly fatal. Large volume injections, high pressure infiltrations and prior exposure to silicone have been implicated, with an IgG polydimethylsiloxane antibody described. Most patients meet Schonfield criteria for fat embolism syndrome and treatment is largely supportive. As the illicit use of injectable silicone rises worldwide, so does the incidence of related morbidities and fatalities, necessitating a high index of suspicion for SES in patients with neurologic or pulmonary symptoms and recent exposure to liquid silicone. We report an unusual case of multi-organ dysfunction following silicone injection.
Numerical advection by conservation of second‐order moments

A new, accurate, and nondiffusive method for three-dimensional advection of trace species is presented. The method preserves tracer structures by conserving the second-order moments of the spatial distribution of tracer during advection. Tracer concentrations are represented by separate, second-order polynomials within each grid box. This second-order moments method has been shown, in typical tests for advective schemes, to be equal or superior to presently available methods in terms of absolute accuracy, numerical diffusion, and computational cost.