cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The action of synthetic surfactants on membranes of tumor cells: II. Titration experiments

Abstract A comparison has been made of the effect of increasing concentrations of a number of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants on the cell membranes of the V-2 carcinoma, the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and tissue culture preparations of human embryonic connective tissue and peripheral blood cells from human monocytic leukemia. The concentrations necessary to produce rupture of the cell membrane have been compared with those which promote uptake of the vital dye, nigrosin. The action of the agents in promoting staining and lysis has been roughly similar with the following exceptions: the V-2 cell membrane is more resistant to the action of SLS than the other cell lines, lauryl pyridinium chloride promotes staining but not lysis of the malignant and ascites lines, while the LLC-HE 1 human connective tissue line is both stained and lysed in the presence of this surfactant. Within the range of 1 to 30 million cells, cell concentration is without much effect on the action of sodium lauryl sulfate against Ehrlich ascites cells. The presence of calcium chloride likewise does not cause much change in the action of this surfactant. Altering the pH from 1 to 9.4 causes little change in the uptake of dye by the cells. In general, when lysis does occur, it is preceded slightly by nigrosin staining.
Probabilistic Combinatorics and Its Applications

Random graphs by B. Bollobas Constructing random-like graphs by F. K. Chung Discrete isoperimetric inequalities by I. Leader Random graphs revisited by B. Bollobas Rapidly mixing Markov chains by U. Vazirani Computing the volume of convex bodies: A case where randomness provably helps by M. Dyer and A. Frieze Finite Fourier methods: Access to tools by P. Diaconis.
Effects of rubbery phase and absorbed water on impact-modified nylon 66

The fracture surface micromorphology of noon 66 and its blends was examined. A patchy appearance, found at low ΔK values when levels of imbibed moisture and impact modifier are low, is believed to result from a void coalescence mechanism. At higher water contents and levels of impact-modification, the fracture surface assumes a rumpled appearance with numerous secondary fissures oriented normal to the crack direction; the inter-rumple spacings, however, do not correspond to the macroscopic growth rate, A model to explain rumple formation is presented. The fatigue fracture surface appearance of unmodified nylon 66 is found to depend on both moisture content and test temperature. Trans-spherulitic fracture is found when the test temperature is below the glass transition temperatureTg (measured at 110 Hz) for a given water content, while at higher test temperatures a high degree of drawing is evident. It is concluded that the fracture surface micromorphology of nylon 66 and its blends depend strongly on the viscoelastic state of the polymer.
Declines in mRNA Expression of Different Subunits May Account for Differential Effects of Aging on Agonist and Antagonist Binding to the NMDA Receptor

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether some of the age-related changes that occur in binding to the NMDA receptor complex can be accounted for by changes in subunit expression during the aging process. In situ hybridization for the NMDA subunits zeta1, epsilon1, and epsilon2, and receptor autoradiography, using the agonist glutamate and the competitive antagonist [(+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl] propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), were performed on sections from C57Bl/6 mice representing three different age groups (3, 10, and 30 months of age). There was a significant overall decrease between 3 and 30 month olds in the density of mRNA for the zeta1 subunit in the cortex and hippocampus, but only a few individual brain regions exhibited significant declines. The mRNA for the epsilon2 subunit was significantly decreased in a majority of cortical regions and in the dentate granule cells. Emulsion analysis indicated that the change in the density of epsilon2 subunit mRNA in the inner frontal cortex was primarily attributable to a decrease in the amount of messages per cell. Age-related changes in mRNA density of the epsilon2 subunit correlated with changes in NMDA-displaceable [(3)H]glutamate binding, and mRNA density changes in the zeta1 subunit showed a significant relationship with changes in [(3)H]CPP binding in the 30-month-old mice. These results suggest that changes during aging in the expression of different subunits of the NMDA receptor may account for the differential effects of aging on agonist versus antagonist binding to the NMDA binding site.
Pollution of Stellar Atmospheres by Interstellar Dust Material: A Possible Solution to the G Dwarf Problem

Accretion of interstellar dust material onto stellar atmospheres could be responsible for the lack of low-metallicity G dwarfs observed in the disk of our Galaxy, known as the G dwarf problem. This interpretation of the G dwarf problem would be consistent with a peaked distribution of G dwarf metallicities and reconcile the observations of both a well-mixed interstellar gas and a large scatter in the age-metallicity relation. The absence of G dwarf problem in the Galactic halo could also be easily explained by the lower density of dust grains and the higher velocity of the stars in the halo. In order to test this idea of atmospheric pollution by interstellar dust material, the Sun accretion rate of interstellar dust (ISD) iron is estimated, making use of in situ measurements at AU distances from the Sun and taking into account the solar gravitational and radiation pressure forces to describe the grains dynamics closer to the Sun. The dust grains do not actually reach the Sun surface, but their iron content does after their sublimation at a few solar radii. The flux of ISD measured by Ulysses and Galileo results in an iron accretion rate of the order of 10-20 M☉ yr-1; the flux of very large ISD recently measured with AMOR gives an accretion rate several orders of magnitude higher, 10-17 M☉ yr-1 being a probable value. For a G dwarf of real metallicity [Fe/H]r, the metallicity of the stellar atmosphere (the observed one) will therefore differ from the metallicity [Fe/H]r of the stellar interior if the dilution of the accreted iron into the interior of the star happens on a timescale longer than 1-100 × 10 yr. Further studies of the particle transport between the atmosphere and convection zone will be needed to conclude about the plausibility of these values.
Soil solution response to acidic deposition in a northern hardwood forest

An intensive plot-scale acidification experiment evaluated the effects of H2SO4, HNO3, and combined H2SO4 and HNO3 treatments on the chemistry of soils and soil solutions in a northern hardwood forest. Treatments were delivered to 18 plots (each of 15m × 15m, three plots per treatment) during 20-week field seasons by a hill-slope irrigation system and consisted of two levels of H2SO4 (∼2000 and 4000 eq ha−1 year−1), two levels of HNO3 (∼2000 and 4000 eq ha−1 year−1), one level of combined H2SO4/HNO3 (∼2000 eq ha−1 year−1 each of SO42− and NO3−), and a control (water only). Soil solutions responded rapidly to all treatments with increased leaching of SO42− and/or NO3− (depending on treatment) accompanied by increased leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from the upper B horizon. As solutions passed through the upper 25 cm of soil, mean SO42− concentrations decreased by 50–86% of initial values in all S treatments and mean NO3− concentrations decreased by 71–93% of initial values in the low nitrogen treatments. This reflected the importance of anion adsorption for SO42− and biological immobilization for NO3− in these forested Spodosols. Mean NO3− concentrations, however, remained constant with depth in the high nitrogen treatment, suggesting that this high rate of NO3− input exceeded the plant/soil capacity to immobilize N. During the autumn and winter following the treatment period, soil solution SO42− and NO3− concentrations were greater for treated soils than for those of the control for 2–7 months. This suggests that anion desorption from soil exchange sites occurred in response to lowered soil solution concentrations of these strong acid anions.
An Interpolation Methodology for Washability Data

A methodology for the interpolation of washabilily data is presented. This procedure provides a means whereby the washability data for both the weight and the attributes (e.g., ash, sulfur, etc.) can be interpolated for any size and/or relative density interval desired. Unlike some techniques which rely on the interpolation of interval values, this technique involves the interpolation of cumulative values. Since point values are used, there is no ambiguity as to what size or relative density corresponds to which interval value.
Redefining the limit of the outer retina in optical coherence tomography scans.

Objective A highly reflective layer seen in retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been believed to correspond to the choriocapillaris (CHC) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). On gray-scale scans of OCT-2000, and on Stratus OCT, this layer by the outer retinal limit can be resolved into 2 distinct laminae. We analyzed these 2 laminae in normal and abnormal maculae to infer their anatomic correlate. Design Retrospective study. Methods Analysis of macular OCT scans was performed in 44 patients using OCT-2000, and in 39 patients using Stratus OCT. Thirty of these patients had no ocular disease, and their OCT was normal. The other 53 patients had several macular diseases of different etiologies. Both color and gray-scale images were analyzed. Results Macular OCT scans showed a double laminae at the level where the retina interfaces the RPE in normal subjects using both OCT-2000 and Stratus OCT. In 2-dimensional scans, this laminar structure appears as a double line. It is best distinguished on the Stratus OCT and gray-scale images of OCT-2000. This double line consisted of a thin inner line and a thicker outer line. Similar analysis in patients with macular pathology showed a discernible double line at the retina/RPE interface in at least part of the scan. However, in patients with macular hole, the area corresponding to the absent retina showed only a single line. The inner line component appeared to follow the contour of the retina. This phenomenon was also seen in eyes with neurosensory detachment secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy and other etiologies. In contrast, in macular pathologies where the outer retina did not lose contiguity with the RPE, such as in lamellar macular hole and in cystoid macular edema, the double line persisted. Software for retinal thickness measurements regularly place the outer limit of the retina at the internal aspect of the inner line, probably underestimating the retinal thickness by about 24 to 34 μm. Conclusions A double laminar structure at the outer retina/RPE/CHC interface can be consistently distinguished on commercially available OCT of normal eyes. In eyes with macular pathology, OCT analysis of the inner lamina leads us to conclude it is most likely part of the neurosensory retina and not part of the RPE/CHC complex as previously thought.
Lack of virulence of bovine type IIIStreptococcus agalactiae strains for mice correlates with reduced in vitro production of extracellular type-specific antigen

Six strains of type IIIStreptococcus agalactiae isolated from milk samples from cases of bovine mastitis were examined for in vitro production of three potential extracellular virulence factors: neuraminidase, protease, and extracellular type-specific antigen. Virulence in mice, expressed as LD50 values, was examined for these six strains to determine if a relationship existed between the in vitro production of any of the three extracellular products and mouse lethality. Only in vitro production of extracellular type-specific antigen showed a correlation with virulence of these organisms in the mouse model. All six bovine strains were relatively avirulent in the mouse while producing reduced levels in vitro of extracellular typespecific antigen as compared to nine human isolates. The bovineS. agalactiae strains were an average of 538-fold less virulent for the mouse than were the high type-specific antigen producers isolated from human sources.
Low bit-rate speech coding based on an improved sinusoidal model

This paper addresses the design, implementation and evaluation of efficient low bit-rate speech coding algorithms based on an improved sinusoidal model. A series of algorithms were developed for speech classification and pitch frequency determination, modeling of sinusoidal amplitudes and phases, and frame interpolation. An improved paradigm for sinusoidal phase coding is presented, where short-time sinusoidal phases are modeled using a combination of linear prediction, spectral sampling, linear phase alignment and all-pass phase error correction components. A class-dependent split vector quantization scheme is used to encode the sinusoidal amplitudes. The masking properties of the human auditory system are effectively exploited in the algorithms. The algorithms were successfully integrated into a 2.4 kbps sinusoidal coder. The performance of the 2.4 kbps coder was evaluated in terms of informal subjective tests such as the mean opinion score (MOS) and the diagnostic rhyme test (DRT), as well as some perceptually motivated objective distortion measures. Performance analysis on a large speech database indicates considerable improvement in short-time signal matching both in the time and the spectral domains. In addition, subjective quality of the reproduced speech is considerably improved.
A General Left-Definite Theory for Certain Self-Adjoint Operators with Applications to Differential Equations

We show that any self-adjoint operator A (bounded or unbounded) in a Hilbert space H=(V,(·,·)) that is bounded below generates a continuum of Hilbert spaces {Hr}r>0 and a continuum of self-adjoint operators {Ar}r>0. For reasons originating in the theory of differential operators, we call each Hr the rth left-definite space and each Ar the rth left-definite operator associated with (H,A). Each space Hr can be seen as the closure of the domain D(Ar) of the self-adjoint operator Ar in the topology generated from the inner product (Arx,y) (x,y∈D(Ar)). Furthermore, each Ar is a unique self-adjoint restriction of A in Hr. We show that the spectrum of each Ar agrees with the spectrum of A and the domain of each Ar is characterized in terms of another left-definite space. The Hilbert space spectral theorem plays a fundamental role in these constructions. We apply these results to two examples, including the classical Laguerre differential expression l[·] in which we explicitly find the left-definite spaces and left-definite operators associated with A, the self-adjoint operator generated by l[·] in L2((0,∞);tαe−t) having the Laguerre polynomials as eigenfunctions.
Human pituitary adenomas express endogenous inhibin subunit and follistatin messenger ribonucleic acids.

Specific factors involved in the pathogenesis of tumors that stimulate clonal human pituitary adenoma cell proliferation remain unknown. An important question regarding the pathogenesis of human pituitary tumors is whether they synthesize autocrine regulatory factors that regulate both hormone biosynthesis and neoplastic growth. Activin and inhibin are both comprised of inhibin subunits and have diverse regulatory roles as growth and differentiation factors in normal and neoplastic tissue. Activin stimulates FSH beta messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) biosynthesis and FSH secretion, and these effects are down-regulated in normal gonadotrophs by the endogenous glycoprotein follistatin. In addition to its effects on gonadotrophs, activin modulates hormone secretion by somatotroph and corticotroph cell lines. It is not known whether human neoplastic pituitary tissue synthesizes inhibin subunits or follistatin or whether their expression is cell type specific. We investigated whether alpha-, beta A-, and beta ...
Skin cancer in African Americans

Skin cancer is the most common type of malignancy in the United States. Incidence within the African American population remains relatively low, but data is limited for this racial group, making accurate determination of incidence and mortality difficult. Factors implicated as causative in the pathogenesis of cutaneous malignancy in African Americans include, but are by no means limited to, sunlight, albinism, burn scars, X-rays, preexisting pigmented lesions, chronic inflammation, and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Anatomic distribution of lesions may be similar to that seen in whites for basal cell carcinoma but not for other skin cancers. For squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, African Americans do not as well in terms of mortality as do whites. This difference probably is due either to the fact that African Americans have more advanced stages of disease at diagnosis than do whites or, in some cases, because the course of the disease is more aggressive in African Americans for reasons yet unknown. There is a need for heightened awareness of skin cancer in African Americans by patients and physicians. Emphasis should be on education and early diagnosis with the primary goal in mind being the reduction of incidence of and mortality due to skin cancer in African Americans. In addition, because of environmental factors, African Americans will be exposed to more solar ultraviolet radiation in the future. Strategies should be developed for public education to keep this exposure to low levels in this racial group.
Antibodies to Self-Antigens Predispose to Primary Lung Allograft Dysfunction and Chronic Rejection

Background Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a known risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation. Here, we report that preformed antibodies to self-antigens increase PGD risk and promote BOS. Methods Adult lung transplant recipients (n = 142) were included in the study. Primary graft dysfunction and BOS were diagnosed based on International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines. Antibodies to self-antigens k-alpha-1 tubulin, collagen type V, and collagen I were quantitated using standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and cytokines were analyzed using Luminex immunoassays (Biosource International, Camirillo, CA). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies were measured using Flow-PRA (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA). Results Lung transplant recipients with pretransplant antibodies to self-antigens had increased risk of PGD (odds ratio 3.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 8.1, p = 0.02) compared with recipients without. Conversely, in patients with PGD, 34.7% were positive for pretransplant antibodies whereas in the PGD negative group, only 14.6% had antibodies (p = 0.03). Antibody positive patients demonstrated high levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β (2.1-fold increase), IL-2 (3.0), IL-12 (2.5), IL-15 (3.0), and chemokines interferon-inducible protein-10 (3.9) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (3.1; p Conclusions Presence of antibodies to self-antigens pretransplant increases the risk of PGD immediately after transplant period and BOS on long-term follow-up. Primary graft dysfunction is associated with an inflammatory cascade that augments the alloimmune (anti-HLA) response that predisposes to BOS.
On the psychological reality of a natural rule of syllable structure

Abstract If natural rules in phonology, such as the rule which deletes a word final consonant before a consonant, are frequently found in unrelated languages, it must be because they tap universal features of production and/or perception. The present experiment employed a learning task to see whether naive subjects have a predisposition for the natural rule as opposed to its converse (consonant deletion before a vowel). The S s first learned four novel words (nouns) - two beginning with a consonant, two with a vowel - as paired associates to English ‘translations’. Then three novel adjectives were combined with each of the four nouns, following the natural rule for one group of S s, the unnatural rule for the other. The twelve phrases were cued by their English translations and the S had to respond to each with the phonologically correct sequence of adjective and noun; confirmation followed each response. The Ss learning the unnatural corpus had a strong tendency to give natural responses, whereas the converse was not true. Consequently they made many more errors en route to mastery than their natural counterparts, even when the operative rule was displayed on the first trial by presenting in turn each adjective with its four following nouns. It appears that our Ss had implicit knowledge of the natural rule, even though it does not operate to any significant extent in English.
60Co-a constant contaminant of pharmaceutically prepared 59Fe

Reports results of a determination of the level of 60Co contamination of several batches of 59Fe solutions, commercially prepared for human use.
Evaluation of a dry ball-milling technique as a method for mixing boron carbide and carbon nanotube powders

To evaluate the mixing effectiveness of dry ball-milling, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were ball-milled with boron carbide powder, and the resulting mixtures were hot pressed to consolidated tiles. Density, hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture strength of the tiles were measured; all decreased with increasing nanotube content. Microscopic examination revealed that the nanotubes were present in the tiles as micron-sized-and-larger agglomerates. It is concluded that the degree of dispersion of the nanotubes achieved by dry ball-milling was not sufficient to achieve mixing and bonding between the nanotubes and the boron carbide particles.
Neuronal and synaptic structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in normal and monocularly deprived Macaca monkeys.

The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of Macaca monkeys was studied by Golgi and quantitative electron microscopic (EM) methods to determine if differences in neuronal morphology exist which might correlate with the known physiological separation of X-type cells into the parvocellular and Y-type cells into the magnocellular laminae. Monocularly lid-sutured Macaca monkeys were also studied by quantitative EM methods to compare the synaptic organization within laminae innervated by the deprived and nondeprived retinae. We have divided our sample of Golgi-impregnated neurons into three groups: Types A, B, and C. Type A neurons comprise the majority of the projection cells and are quite heterogeneous in their overall morphology. Type B neurons have long dendrites with multiple appendages; some have a locally ramifying beaded axon. Type C neurons are characterized by dendrites which are mainly restricted to the interlaminar zones. We found Type A and B neurons in both the parvocellular and magnocellular laminae. The cell bodies of Type C neurons lay within the interlaminar zones or the parvocellular laminae. All three types contributed dendrites to the interlaminar zones. No significant differences in Golgi morphology other than overall size were found in parvocellular or magnocellular laminae that would explain the previously demonstrated electrophysiological differences. Terminal profiles and synapses in the parvocellular, magnocellular, and interlaminar zones were classified and counted using quantitative EM methods. RSD and F terminals were most numerous in all three zones. RLP terminals were rare in the interlaminar zones. A new type of terminal, RMD, was found in the magnocellular interlaminar zones. The laminar and interlaminar zones have the same overall synaptic density, but differed in types of synaptic terminals. The only quantitative difference between any of these regions was in the magnocellular laminae where the counts showed 70% more F terminals per unit area. The same quantitative methods were applied to the laminar and interlaminar zones of dLGNs from monocularly lid-sutured monkeys. We found no qualitative or quantitative difference between the synaptology of zones receiving input from the deprived retina compared to the open eye retina, nor between any regions of the dLGN in deprived monkeys compared to normal monkeys.
Experimenter Characteristics and Word Choice: Best Practices When Administering an Informed Consent

The present research seeks to better understand research conditions in laboratory research, with special attention paid to the informed consent process and experimenter characteristics. The first study tested the impact of language perspective and experimenter demeanor upon participant retention of the informed consent information, attitudes toward the research project, and performance on experimental tasks. The second study examined the impact of experimenter attire. Across the two studies, our results suggest that there was no impact of language perspective, whereas the number of other participants in the laboratory, experimenter attire, and experimenter demeanor influence participant behaviors in the laboratory.
Variational Calculation of Lattice Su(n) Gauge Systems for N=4~6

A variational calculation scheme of SU(N) lattice gauge Wilson models for large but finite N is presented. The order parameter EP and the phase transition points of lattice SU(N) gauge systems for N=4~6 are calculated. The results are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. An extrapolation procedure for determination of the phase transition point in the large N limit is proposed.
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the forearm.

Abstract Congenital pseudarthrosis of the forearm is a rare condition in which traditional treatment methods have proven unsatisfactory. We report a case of congenital pseudarthrosis of the radius and ulna successfully treated by resection of the distal ulna and excision of the radial pseud-arthrosis with replacement by an interpositional free vascularized fibular graft
Gender Differences in Arithmetic Strategy Use: A Function of Skill and Preference.

This study was designed to examine whether first-grade boys' use of retrieval and first-grade girls' use of manipulatives reflected gender differences in their abilities to use these strategies or gender differences in preferences for strategy use. Eighty-four first-grade students, 42 boys and 42 girls, from two suburban elementary schools participated in this study. The children solved basic arithmetic problems under two conditions: a free-choice condition in which they were allowed to solve the problems any way they preferred and a game condition in which the children's strategy use was constrained so that all children used the same strategies on the same arithmetic problems. Strategy use during the free-choice session replicated the findings of earlier research indicating that girls tend to use strategies utilizing manipulatives and boys tend to use retrieval. During the game condition, when we controlled the types of strategies children used on different problems we found that boys were as able as girls to calculate solutions using manipulatives. Girls, however, were not as capable as boys in their retrieval of answers to arithmetic problems from memory. No differences were found in error rates or speed of retrieval. Gender differences were found in the variability of correct retrieval, with boys being significantly more variable than girls.
Do forward- and backward-traveling waves occur within the cochlea? Countering the critique of Nobili et al.

The question of whether or not forward- and backward-traveling waves occur within the cochlea constitutes a long-standing controversy in cochlear mechanics recently brought to the fore by the problem of understanding otoacoustic emissions. Nobili and colleagues articulate the opposition to the traveling-wave viewpoint by arguing that wave-equation formulations of cochlear mechanics fundamentally misrepresent the hydrodynamics of the cochlea [e.g., Nobili et al. (2003) J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 4:478–494]. To correct the perceived deficiencies of the wave-equation formulation, Nobili et al. advocate an apparently altogether different approach to cochlear modeling—the so-called “hydrodynamic” or “Green’s function” approach—in which cochlear responses are represented not as forward- and backward-traveling waves but as weighted sums of the motions of individual basilar membrane oscillators, each interacting with the others via forces communicated instantaneously through the cochlear fluids. In this article, we examine Nobili and colleagues’ arguments and conclusions while attempting to clarify the broader issues at stake. We demonstrate that the one-dimensional wave-equation formulation of cochlear hydrodynamics does not misrepresent long-range fluid coupling in the cochlea, as claimed. Indeed, we show that the long-range component of Nobili et al.’s three-dimensional force propagator is identical to the hydrodynamic Green’s function representing a one-dimensional tapered transmission line. Furthermore, simulations that Nobili et al. use to discredit wave-equation formulations of cochlear mechanics (i.e., cochlear responses to excitation at a point along the basilar membrane) are readily reproduced and interpreted using a simple superposition of forward- and backward-traveling waves. Nobili and coworkers’ critique of wave-equation formulations of cochlear mechanics thus appears to be without compelling foundation. Although the traveling-wave and hydrodynamic formulations impose strikingly disparate conceptual and computational frameworks, the two approaches ultimately describe the same underlying physics.
Induced apoptosis supports spread of adenovirus vectors in tumors

Selectively replicating viruses hold promise as anticancer agents. To eliminate the tumor, these viruses must efficiently spread throughout the tumor and induce oncolysis. We hypothesized that viral release and spread could be supported by apoptosis induced after assembly of de novo-produced virions in tumor cells. As a model to test this, we employed an adenovirus vector that replicated in human tumor cell lines. Expression of a dominant-negative I-κB from this vector sensitized tumor cells to recombinant human tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-mediated apoptosis. We found that apoptosis induced during viral DNA replication compromised virus production, whereas apoptosis induced after virion assembly enhanced viral release from infected cells and dissemination. Electron microscopy demonstrated that viral particles were associated with or included in apoptotic bodies whose phagocytosis by neighboring cells provides a potential means for viral spread. Apoptosis induced after viral replication also supported ...
In vitro digestion kinetics of neutral detergent fiber extracted from Tifton 85 and Coastal bermudagrasses

Hays used to compare the digestion kinetics of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were Tifton 85 bermudagrass (T85) harvested after 3.5 or 7 weeks of growth, a second cutting of T85 harvested after 3.5 weeks of regrowth, and Coastal bermudagrass (CBG) harvested after 4 weeks of growth. Neutral detergent fiber extracted from the hays was exposed to in vitro digestion and the digesta analyzed for their NDF content. The in vitro dry matter disappearance for the first (63.6%) and second (59.9%) cutting of 3.5-weeks old T85 was similar but higher than that for T85 harvested after 7 weeks of growth (48.7%) or CBG harvested after 4 weeks of growth (52.0%). In vitro NDF digestion at 72 h of incubation for T85 harvested at 3.5 week (74.5%) was similar to that of 3.5-weeks T85 regrowth (67.4%), but higher than that of CBG (63.7%) or 7-weeks T85 (53.7%). After fitting a nonlinear model to the data, T85 harvested at 3.5 week had a higher (P<0.05) potentially digestible fraction of NDF. Extraction of NDF from the hays increased the potentially digestible fraction of NDF. In summary, Tifton 85 bermudagrass harvested at 3.5 week had a higher NDF concentration, and higher NDF digestion than did Coastal bermudagrass harvested at 4 week.
Mutations at opposite ends of the DIII/S4-S5 linker of sodium channel NaV1.7 produce distinct pain disorders

Two groups of gain-of-function mutations in sodium channel NaV1.7, which are expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, produce two clinically-distinct pain syndromes - inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). IEM is characterized by intermittent burning pain and skin redness in the feet or hands, triggered by warmth or mild exercise, while PEPD is characterized by episodes of rectal, ocular and mandibular pain accompanied with skin flushing, triggered by bowel movement and perianal stimulation. Most of the IEM mutations are located within channel domains I and II, while most of the PEPD mutations are located within domains III and IV. The structural dichotomy parallels the biophysical effects of the two types of mutations, with IEM mutations shifting voltage-dependence of NaV1.7 activation in a hyperpolarized direction, and PEPD mutations shifting fast-inactivation of NaV1.7 in a depolarized direction. While four IEM and four PEPD mutations are located within cytoplasmic linkers joining segments 4 and 5 (S4-S5 linkers) in the different domains (IEM: domains I and II; PEPD: domains III and IV), no S4-S5 linker has been reported to house both IEM and PEPD mutations thus far. We have identified a new IEM mutation P1308L within the C-terminus of the DIII/S4-S5 linker of NaV1.7, ten amino acids from a known PEPD mutation V1298F which is located within the N-terminus of this linker. We used voltage-clamp to compare the biophysical properties of the two mutant channels and current-clamp to study their effects on DRG neuron excitability. We confirm that P1308L and V1298F behave as prototypical IEM and PEPD mutations, respectively. We also show that DRG neurons expressing either P1308L or V1298F become hyperexcitable, compared to DRG neurons expressing wild-type channels. Our results provide evidence for differential roles of the DIII/S4-S5 linker N- and C-termini in channel inactivation and activation, and demonstrate the cellular basis for pain in patients carrying these mutations.
Depression combined with somatic symptomatology among adolescent females who report concerns regarding maternal achievement

Recent research suggests that many females who mature during periods of great change in women's roles develop, beginning at adolescence, depressive symptomatology combined with such somatic problems as headache, dyspnea, insomnia, disordered eating, and preference for thinness. In this study of possible psychological mechanisms underlying the apparently paradoxical development of such symptomatology during periods of increased opportunity for women, 20% of females attending a suburban high school reported concerns regarding the limited achievements of their mothers and the limitations being female had placed upon their mothers. Compared to other female students, these respondents exhibited a greater correlation between depressive and somatic symptomatology and a higher prevalence of depression combined with somatic symptomatology. Prevalence of combined symptomatology was particularly high among respondents who also reported paternal biases against females and among those who indicated concerns regarding the limitations that being female had placed upon themselves.
A Theoretical Study of the Three Phase Salient Pole Type Genetaror with Simultaneous AC and Bridge Rectified DC Output-Part II

This paper presents theoretical equations, describing the relations between the performance and design details of a three phase salient pole type generator with simultaneous AC and DC output, the latter being obtained by bridge rectification. The AC voltage is regulated and the DC voltage floats; however, the inverse condition is also included. The start and duration of DC commutation, all damper and field winding currents, the DC commutation current and both average, RMS and instantaneous DC and AC voltages are determined.
A 6-Year Experience Treating Vascular Malformations With Foam Sclerotherapy

In this study, the authors present an analysis of the outcomes of 105 low-flow vascular malformation patients treated over a 6-year period and report specific lesion characteristics that correlate with those vascular malformations that will benefit from sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam sclerotherapy (STS FS) versus surgical resection as well as morphological characteristics of vascular malformations that are associated with a poor response to FS treatment. Improvement in symptoms was documented in 92.9% of patients treated with STS FS. There were no complications. Low-flow vascular malformations that were morphologically characterized by microcystic, septated vessels did not respond to FS, and these vascular malformations are best treated with surgical resection. Primary surgical resection is also the treatment of choice for localized, microcystic, and superficial low-flow vascular malformations. Symptomatic, diffuse, extensive, macrocystic malformations that involve multiple tissue planes and vital structures are best treated with FS.
A solar spectral line list between 10 and 200 Å modified for application to high spectral resolution X-ray astronomy

A spectral line list for the 10-200 A range is developed from existing solar spectra for application to high spectral resolution measurements of astrophysical plasmas. The solar spectral line lists are merged into a single comprehensive list. The effect of the solar emission measure distribution is removed from the line intensities, which results in a set of emission rates for the lines that can be applied to many optically thin, low density high temperature plasmas in ionization equilibrium. In addition to the measured solar lines, 250 theoretical lines are added to this list. These lines fall in wavelength regions where the existing solar lists have few lines because of limitations in instrumental sensitivity. Also, some lines have been added because the sun has very little plasma at temperatures of about one million K, and consequently these lines are weak or absent in solar spectra. The entire list contains about 600 lines. Finally, predicted spectra of the two RS CVn stars, alpha Aur (Capella) and UX Ari, are presented at 1 and 0.25 A spectral resolution. Also, the solar spectrum is shown at 1 A resolution, and the emission rate spectrum (spectrum not modified by an emission measure distribution) is shown at very high spectral resolution. The predicted spectra for Capella and UX Ari are based on results obtained from the Einstein and International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spacecraft.
Criteria for selection of patients for mechanical circulatory support

Abstract The experience with 36 patients referred for possible mechanical circulatory assistance is reviewed. The criterion for assisted circulation in the 32 patients so treated was either cardiac arrest or a decreasing cardiac output, estimated by the indicator-dilution technique or inferred from a progressively increasing arteriovenous oxygen difference, in spite of vigorous supportive treatment. Although at present the heart-lung machine is the only method of wide clinical applicability, other promising devices are undergoing limited clinical trial. It will be necessary to identify mechanisms of preterminal cardiac failure and to select a method appropriate to the physiologic abnormality.
Application software for data analysis for three-dimensional atom probe microscopy

Abstract We present a custom MacOS-based application, adam , for analysis of data collected by a three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP). The application is designed to carry out a common set of analysis tasks, to be customizable, to provide easy export and import of data, and to be simple enough for novice users to understand quickly. The integration of both graphical (GUI) and scripting (SUI) user interfaces and the functionality accessible from both is discussed. Different types of visualization can be used for best presentation of 3DAP data.
Molecular chaperones and protein translocation across the Escherichia coli inner membrane

Summary Proteins that are able to translocate across biological membranes assume of loosely folded structure. In this review it is suggested that the loosely folded structure, referred to here as‘per-folded conformation', is a particular structure that interacts favourably with components of the export apparatus. Two soluble factors, SecB and GroEL, have been implicated in maintenance of the pre-folded conformation and have been termed‘molecular chaperones'. Results suggest that SecB may be a chaperone that is specialized for binding to exported protein precursors, while GroEL may be a general folding modulator that binds to many intracellular proteins.
Emissivity characteristics of roughened aluminum alloy surfaces and assessment of multispectral radiation thermometry (MRT) emissivity models

Experiments were performed to examine the emissivity characteristics of aluminum alloy samples over the spectral range of 2.05 to 4.72 μm and temperatures of 600, 700 and 800 K. AL 1100, 7150, 7075 and 2024 samples were tested which possessed polished, 6- and 14-μm surface finishes. Additionally, extruded and saw-cut samples were tested to examine the effects of extreme roughness on emissivity. For the polished, 6- and 14-μm samples, the emissivity decreased appreciably between 2.05 and 3.5 μm, and increased slightly between 3.5 and 4.72 μm. Spectral variations were far less pronounced for the extruded and saw-cut surfaces. Eighteen MRT emissivity models were examined for accuracy in temperature measurement. Drastic changes in the emissivity distribution precluded the use of a single function to accurately represent every band of the measured spectrum. Overall, two relatively simple models provided the best overall predictions for different alloys and temperatures. These are the same models that yielded the best overall results for polished aluminum surfaces in a previous study by the authors. Despite the relative success of these models, this study points to a need to greatly enhance the measurement accuracy of radiation thermometers to meet the needs of the aluminum industry.
PatentDom: Analyzing Patent Relationships on Multi-View Patent Graphs

The fast growth of technologies has driven the advancement of our society. It is often necessary to quickly grasp the linkage between different technologies in order to better understand the technical trend. The availability of huge volumes of granted patent documents provides a reasonable basis for analyzing the relationships between technologies. In this paper, we propose a unified framework, named PatentDom, to identify important patents related to key techniques from a large number of patent documents. The framework integrates different types of patent information, including patent content, citations of patents, and temporal relations, and provides a concise yet comprehensive technology summary. The identified key patents enable a variety of patent-related analytical applications, e.g., outlining the technology evolution of a particular domain, tracing a given technique to prior technologies, and mining the technical connection of two given patent documents. Empirical analysis and extensive case studies on a collection of US patent documents demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed framework.
Survival after transfer of “sexed” mouse embryos exposed to H-Y antisera

Abstract Immunological means were used to determine the sex of mouse embryos prior to transfer to pseudopregnant recipients. Antisera to histocompatibility-Y (H-Y) antigen were prepared in adult C57BL/6 female mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of spleen cells from males of the same strain. Eight-to 16-cell embryos were cultured in BMOC-3 alone or BMOC-3 without bovine serum albumin to which one of the following had been added: H-Y antiserum and normal guinea pig serum (NGPS), NGPS alone, normal mouse serum alone or normal mouse serum and NGPS. After 24 hr of culture, embryos were classified as either affected or unaffected. An embryo was classified as affected if degeneration of the embryo or breakdown of one or more cells was observed. A total of 1000 embryos were cultured in BMOC-3 with H-Y antiserum and NGPS (treated embryos). Two hundred and fifty embryos were cultured in each of the other four media (control embryos). Eighty-seven (9%) of the control embryos and 479 (48%) of the treated embryos were classified as affected after culture. Unaffected embryos, approximately 12 each, were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients. One-hundred forty control embryos (17%) survived to term with 67 females (48%) and 73 males (52%) born. Fifty-eight treated embryos (14%) survived to term, producing 50 females (86%) and 8 males (14%). Percentage of females from embryos cultured in antiserum was greater than for embryos cultured in any other media (P
Myalgia and Elevated Creatine Kinase Associated with Rosiglitazone; Diltiazem-Induced Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion; Reversible Leukoencephalopathy with Carboplatin; Another Platinum Derivative ADR – Renal Tubular Acidosis; Oxcarbazepine and Pancytopenia; Two Cases of Acute Laryngeal Dystonia Associated with Ziprasidone; Extrapyramidal Side Effects with Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs used in Bipolar Disorder:

MYALGIA AND ELEVATED CREATINE KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH ROSIGLITAZONE A 42-year-old man with a 6year history of diabetes was being treated with metformin, glyburide, and once-daily aspirin. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) was added to this regimen about 5 months before the patient had some routine lab work performed. At this time, the serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured to be 555 units/L (normal, 0 to 160 units/L). The patient had increased CK levels measured two more times over the next 3 weeks, and they continued to climb. By week 4, the patient was complaining of Hospital Pharmacy Volume 42, Number 6, pp 501-504 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Thin Films of Semifluorinated Block Copolymers Prepared by ATRP

A symmetric diblock copolymer, poly(pentafluorostyrene-b-styrene) (PPFS-b-PS), is synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The behavior of PPFS-b-PS thin films on silicon wafers is investigated. Lamellar microdomains oriented parallel to the film surface are formed when the thin films are heated to 220 °C for 24 h, due to preferential interfacial interactions and the low surface energy of the PPFS. An electric field is used to overcome the low surface energy of the fluorinated block and preferential interactions with the substrate so as to force the lamellar microdomains to orient normal to the surface.
Synthesis of Diphenic Acid Derivatives

Derivatives of diphenic and diphenamic acids were prepared for pharmacologic evaluation as possible antihistamines or antispasmodics. In the diphenic acid series, the monoethyl diphenates of diethyl- and dimethyl-aminoethanols were prepared, as well as the hydrogen diphenates of these alcohols and of 2-(N′,N′-dimethyl-N-phenylethylenediamino)-ethanol. A series of N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)N-R diphenamic acids and ethyl diphenamates, in which R represents phenyl, benzyl and 2-pyridyl, were prepared. In addition to the above, the following new compounds were prepared: ethyl 2-chloroformyl-2′-biphenylcarboxylate, 2-(N′,N′-dimethyl-N-phenylethylenediamino)-ethanol, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-phenyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium chloride, ethyl N,N-diethyl diphenamate, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-diphenimide.