cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Management the “Tower of Babel” for Library and Information Science Programs?

ABSTRACTGiven the explosive growth of digital collections and the digital transformation of services in libraries, the need for management education in library and information science programs has grown. However, I contend in this article that confusion abounds like the “Tower of Babel” for LIS programs to accomplish this goal. A one size fits all approach does not work. Instead, management theory and principles need to be LIS-centric in accord with present day needs and conceptions. Management education also needs to be linked with scientific rigor to practice to meet the needs and expectations of LIS students. Rather than delivering management education that speaks the language of business, the content needs to resonate with the conditions for managing in the LIS context and to be supportive of the values of the LIS field. The article provides examples from research on management and innovation in libraries and other information-rich contexts. It also illustrates the types of issues that management educ...
Infant mortality decline in rural and urban Bavaria: fertility, economic transformation, infant care, and inequality in Bavaria and Munich, 1825–1910†

During most of the nineteenth century, Bavaria was notorious for infant mortality rates that were among the highest in Europe. After 1870, infant mortality in Bavaria began a sustained decline. This decline, which was impressive in urban areas, was even more dramatic in Bavaria's capital, Munich. From a peak of 40 deaths per 100 births in the 1860s, infant mortality had fallen two‐thirds by 1914. This article examines the causes of infant mortality in rural and urban districts of Bavaria from 1880 to 1910 and in Munich from 1825 up to shortly before the First World War. In rural Bavaria, structural change in agriculture lowered infant mortality, even as stark differences in infant survival driven by income gaps and deficient infant care remained. In urban areas, high fertility was strongly associated with high infant mortality. Individual‐level data from Munich reveal that infant care, fertility, and incomes mattered. Even prior to industrialization, occupational status influenced infant survival. Munich's growth into a leading industrial centre after 1875 apparently widened the gap between rich and poor. Families at the top of the occupational distribution and couples able to acquire real property saw the steepest declines in infant mortality. The poorest one‐third without property saw little improvement.
DIFFUSE SYMMETRICAL LIPOMATOSIS: A CASE REPORT DEPICTING THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERITY

ABSTRACT Objective: Diffuse symmetrical lipomatosis, or Madelung disease, is a condition of benign lipoma formation that occurs around the shoulder girdle and can alter quality of life immensely. As surgery is the mainstay for treatment, recognition and education of this condition is needed in medical literature to expand future treatment modalities. Methods: Case report and review of the literature. Results: A 47-year-old male with primary hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and peripheral neuropathy presented with a 20-year history of recurrent lipomatous formations. Enlarging lesions were previously on his upper back, posterior left ear, and bilateral shoulders. Pathology showed benign lipomas in all resections. Rapid growth of similar lesions had now occurred throughout his shoulder girdle, upper back, sternum, and submandibular regions. His quality of life had been affected, as the sternal mass caused recumbent pressure. Work-up was negative for Cushing syndrome and acromegaly. No genetic studi...
Unmixing in the presence of nuisances with deep generative models

Spectral datasets acquired for unmixing are noisy and largely unlabeled (with unknown abundances). As a result the ability to accurately predict endmember abundances of surface samples is as important as the capacity to generate spectra from hypothetical abundances, e.g. endmembers from abundances sampled from the corner of a simplex. We construct a deep (semi-supervised) generative model to accomplish both these tasks while making use of the readily available unlabeled spectra and being able to encode environmental and instrumental nuisances. Our main technical contribution is that we train our model both forward and in reverse. The algorithm successfully identifies endmember spectra while isolating photometric effects and imaging errors as nuisances in a real dataset of intimately mixed samples.
Measurement of Modulation Transfer Function using Digital Micromirror Devices

We present and discuss a digital micromirror device-based method for measurement of the modulation transfer function. Advantages of this method include remote performance evaluation, arbitrary re-configurable target, and ability to conduct single-shot measurements.
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine use in college hockey players.

The use of stimulants to enhance performance appears to be a significant problem in collegiate hockey. Although improved drug testing may provide a greater deterrent, it will likely require the institution of effective educational interventions to curb this alarming trend.
Diets Rich in Enzyme Modulators

Phase I activation enzymes metabolize foreign compounds to either inactive metabolites or active intermediates. Reactive metabolic intermediates contain highly reactive chemical groups which can exert their toxicity through interacting with cell components (proteins, DNA, and lipids). While phase II detoxification enzymes are capable of detoxifying chemically active intermediates, resulting in facilitating their excretion from the body, problems arise when these two metabolizing enzyme systems are in imbalance. Furthermore, some foreign compounds, with little or no intrinsic toxicity, may act to enhance toxic effects of other compounds by interacting effectively with activation enzymes or detoxification enzymes.
Insights into Ototoxicity

The most common ototoxic compounds in clinical practice are aminoglycoside antibiotics, cisplatin, and loop diuretics (ethacrynic acid and furosemide). These agents also have substantial renal effects in the form of nephrotoxicity or diuresis. The understanding of these renal effects may provide insight into ototoxic mechanisms. For aminoglycosides, the renal proximal tubule cell is susceptible due to high concentration achieved and slow clearance with direct effects on phosphoinositide binding and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Pathogenesis appears to involve iron-induced free-radical formation, since iron chelators prevent nephrotoxicity. Analogous effects of aminoglycosides on the inner and outer hair cells have been observed. Cisplatin is also highly concentrated in the proximal tubule cell. Less is known about the direct toxic effects of this agent on renal cells. Insights into mechanisms or renal tubule cells could be directly relevant to the inner ear. The loop diuretics are direct inhibitors of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport system, which also exists in the marginal and dark cells of the stria vascularis, which are responsible for endolymph secretion. The ototoxicity of these agents may be indirect, due to changes in ionic composition and fluid volume within the endolymph.
Environmental controls on pigment distributions in the freshwater microbialites of Fayetteville Green Lake

Abstract Pigments in acetone extracts of microbialites collected over a shallow depth gradient from the freshwater Fayetteville Green Lake (FGL), Fayetteville, NY were analyzed. Pigment identifications and quantification were achieved using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and ion trap multi-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). Chlorophyll a and its derivatives, the photoprotective pigment scytonemin and the carotenoid, fucoxanthin, were present in all samples; β-carotene was observed in all but one sample and minor abundances of other pigments, such as chlorophyll d and lutein, were observed in selected samples. The concentration of scytonemin and its abundance relative to that of chlorophyll a decreased logarithmically with depth, consistent with the function of scytonemin as a UV screening pigment. The increase in the concentration of chlorophylls a, b and the photosynthetic accessory carotenoids, fucoxanthin and β-carotene with depth, are consistent with the lower irradiance at depth. The distribution and relative abundances of photosynthetic and light shielding pigments may provide a means for determining the relative water depth/incident radiation levels of ancient microbialites in which pigments or their derivatives are preserved.
Authentic Leadership Theory and Practical Applications in Nuclear Medicine

As the field of nuclear medicine continues to evolve, a need for new leaders will emerge and leadership development will become critical. "Authentic leadership" is an emerging leadership style rooted in humanism that can be used in conjunction with other leadership styles. Authentic leadership has positive implications for health-care settings, including improved patient care, job satisfaction, motivation, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. This article reviews the philosophic foundations of authentic leadership theory and key characteristics of an authentic leader in the context of nuclear medicine.
Developing a Culture of Successful Communication in Acute Care Settings: Part II. Solving Institutional Issues.

Purpose Establishing services for hospitalized patients with complex communication needs (CCNs) requires identifying and addressing both patient-based and institutional barriers. Although the previ...
“Pushing the margin:” utilization of renal autotransplantation to achieve complete resection in vena caval leiomyosarcomas

Abstract We report the case of a 19-year-old female who underwent resection of the sub- and infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) with concomitant left kidney autotransplantation for leiomyosarcoma. Based on the available literature, this is the youngest patient reported undergoing IVC resection and reconstruction with concomitant renal autotransplant. We review the literature, presentation, and a unique treatment option for this infrequent pathology.
Metastasis of Ewing Sarcoma to the Pancreas: Case Report and Literature Review.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive malignant bone cancer. ES is part of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which express characteristic t(11;22) translocation as well as higher levels of CD99. Given that metastasis and tumor burden are significant prognostic factors in patient’s response to treatment, prompt diagnosis is needed to effectively treat ESFT patients. However, the challenges in classifying and characterizing ESFT complicate effective management and treatment of ES. In this report, we present a rare case of ES metastasis to the pancreas. Upon review of the literature, we found 39 cases of ESFT involving the pancreas, but only 3 were metastatic to the pancreas while the remaining cases of ESFT primarily originated from the pancreas. Given the rarity of such metastasis, the positive outcome in our patient’s case may explain the importance of prompt diagnosis in order to initiate appropriate treatment.
NRL Satellite Support for DYNAMO Field Program

Abstract : The long-term goal is to provide the ONR-sponsored DYNAMO field program with a robust suite of satellite meteorology products capable of tracking mesoscale convective clusters associated with the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the Indian Ocean. The objective is to develop a NRL-MRY near real-time web page that enables DYNAMO field program participants to view the evolving organization of convective clusters with a suite of geostationary (GEO) and low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite sensors. GEO visible, infrared (IR), and water vapor (WV) imagery can provide the synoptic and mesoscale views required to monitor the general convective organization and its temporal changes. The Meteosat-7 satellite provides this data set for the DYNAMO project and these products were available every 30 minutes. The web page provided animation or looping capabilities that are needed to view multi-day convection changes and determine if organization is increasing in specific areas that may lead to MJO genesis. However, the inability to view through expansive upper-level clouds is detrimental to tracking clouds that are actually producing rain, thus LEO microwave imagers were used to create rainrate products. In addition, we used the NRL-MRY blended rainrate product that incorporates both GEO and LEO data sets. The more accurate microwave imager data is used to train the GEO IR cloud tops as to what rainrate value should be associated with a given cold cloud top temperature. Thus a dynamic histogram look-up table is created for small geographical domains and the look-up table is updated every time a microwave imager overflies. This blending method is used by NOAA and others for a variety of global and regional rainrate products.
The multiplicative meaning conveyed by visual representations

Abstract Research and practitioner articles advocate the use of visual representations in scaffolding elementary students’ learning of multiplication and division. Prior research suggests students use different strategies when provided with different visualized representations of multiplication and division. However, there is relatively little study examining how children’s multiplicative reasoning corresponds with different representations. The present study collected data from 182 elementary students responding to set, area, and length representations of multiplication/division. Rasch modeling was used to estimate item difficulty statistics to measure differences between visual representations. Results suggest that visual representations differed primarily in how unit was represented and quantified, and not regarding the form of representation (set, area, length).
Potassium-induced depolarization of the transmembrane potential in Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores precedes encystment.

Abstract Experiments have been performed to test the possible role of the membrane potential in the ionic induction of encystment in Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores. A fluorescent, voltage-sensitive dye, 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, was used to monitor changes in the membrane potential. Only K+ ions, the standard developing triggering agent, rapidly depolarized the membrane potential. Application of an optimal K+ ion concentration (50 mM) to a cell population depolarized the membrane potential most rapidly and induced the highest percentage of cells to encyst per unit time. The depolarization was temperature-dependent and was not affected by extracellular pH changes from 5 to 9. Quinine practically prevented depolarization of the membrane potential by K+ ions; however, the membrane potential was depolarized by subsequent valinomycin application. The K+induced response of the membrane potential was apparently independent upon the zoospore's age, but varied dramatically as the zoospore encysted. A strong correlation was established between the K+ ion-induced depolarization of the membrane potential and the developmental triggering by K+ ions. We propose that specific K+ carriers are embedded in the lipid matrix, which exists in the gel+liquid-crystalline mixed lipid state.
Citizen Technical Communicators: A Transnational Social Justice Analysis of Grassroots Genres during the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak

During the outbreak of COVID-19 in China and the Wuhan lockdown, Chinese-speaking volunteers from across the world offered a genre ecology to provide accurate technical information and useful resources to inform people; to emphasize the lived experiences of those impacted by the virus; and to coordinate online and offline actions to bring resources and support to those impacted by the pandemic directly and indirectly, using social media platforms. Facing barriers of systemic oppression caused by government information control, transnational political tensions, and racial and ethnic discriminations, these civic technical communicators acted as forces of resistance to enact social justice-oriented technical communication. In this article, we propose a social justice-oriented, critically contextualized methodology to analyze such transcultural communications and perform a rhetorical genre analysis of example genres. We argue that these citizen communicators were transparent about their positionality and aware of their privileges when facilitating crisis communication and disaster relief in order to empower those marginalized in the dominant discourse and oppressed by official relief measures. We offer implications on critical practices for researchers, practitioners, and teachers of technical communication for engaging with social justice in transcultural crisis communication.
Disambiguating Frege for the Sake of Charity

This chapter argues that Frege’s notorious claims about the nature of geometric propositions and the distinction between concepts and objects become clearer and more defensible if we interpret them through the lens of Cohen’s Kantianism. Section 4.1 shows that Frege’s life-long endorsement of Kant’s thesis that Euclidean geometry is a body of synthetic a priori propositions appears more reasonable once we recognize that Frege follows Cohen in rejecting Helmholtz’s interpretation of this thesis. Section 4.2 paints a more general picture of Frege’s Kantianism and where it sits relative to the Kantianisms of Helmholtz and Cohen. A main take-away is that Frege shares Cohen’s view on the methodological constraints necessary for ensuring the requisite semantic continuity and objective content of scientific terms and assertions. In Sect. 4.3, I argue that Frege’s attempts to elucidate the nature of the distinction between concepts and objects should not be dismissed as the unwarranted claims of a platonic realist. Read against the backdrop of the Helmholtz-Cohen exchange, we can see these elucidations and, more importantly, Frege’s use of the distinction as intended justification for reinstituting a norm of scientific thought, one capable of blocking the inferences licensed by Helmholtz’s naturalized epistemology. I conclude that Frege’s distinction between concepts and objects is a Cohen-like reworking of Kant’s previous distinction between concepts and intuitions.
Personal Narrative and the Social Reconstruction of the Lives of Former Psychiatric Patients

This study explores ways in which high-functioning former patients integrate the experience of prior psychiatric hospitalization into their lives and find meaning from that event. The narratives of two individuals are presented and discussed in relation to social role theory, social constructionism and labeling theory. The narratives underscore that the process of integrating and making meaning of important life events such as psychiatric hospitalization occur within a social context. Understanding mental illness and psychiatric hospitalization in familial, social and political terms was instrumental in helping these individuals to reconstruct personal narratives in order to overcome shame and internalized stigma and to integrate their experiences in meaningful ways
National Trends in Opioid Prescriptions Following Outpatient Otologic Surgery, 2005-2017.

ObjectiveTo describe opioid stewardship in ambulatory otologic surgery from 2005 to 2017.Study DesignDescriptive study of US private insurance claims.SettingNationwide deidentified private insuranc...
In the Light of Two Suns: Heidegger, Gadamer, Language, and Truth

Language both shapes and limits our perception of reality. It shapes our perception in the sense that we grow up in language in the same way that we grow up in communities that instill in us the universal concepts by which we live our lives. It limits us because we can’t know more than the universal concepts that we acquire through experience, memory, and language. This paper will focus on how language both shapes and limits our perception of reality. I will suggest how Hans-Georg Gadamer uses language to fix the alleged problem of Martin Heidegger’s closed system, and further develop my point about language and perception. I will assume and briefly argue that this is a problem with Heidegger’s system and that it requires Gadamer’s theory of language to fix. Finally, I will discuss and evaluate the epistemological implications of Heidegger and Gadamer’s systems, and how through language we can get closer to absolute truths by looking for common threads and blending everyone’s unique perspectives in a greater context.
Effectiveness of Classifiers to Identify Hand Gestures with Motion Capture Coordinate Markers

In a world where technology is increasingly moving towards less wires, less devices, and more portability, the ability of a system to accurately interpret hand gestures is extremely valuable. The innovation of small, inexpensive cameras only makes this even more practical. The practicality of such a system rests on the assumption that hand gestures can be recognized from participants based solely on the shape of their hand. The dataset used for this research, while captured with node markers on a special glove, is formatted independent of a marker indexing system and could be applied in conjunction with a marker identification system for real world application of hand gesture classification. This paper presents an analysis and comparison of the effectiveness classifiers have when trying to determine hand gestures using motion capture coordinate markers provided by a Viacon camera. Stochastic Gradient Descent, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Random Forests, and Bagging are applied in this study. Overall, the Random Forests classifier performed the best with respect to performance measures such as recall, F 1 score, and precision.
Perspectives on Heyde's Syndrome and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Heyde's syndrome is a multisystem disorder describing the association between calcified aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal tract bleeding from arteriovenous malformations, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Several studies have reported an increase in prevalence of gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformation in patients with aortic stenosis and vice versa; however, the incidence of Heyde's syndrome remains controversial. In general, the syndrome is prevalent in the elderly population. The pathogenesis and management remain controversial as well. Our review, provides a unique case to highlight the diagnosis and management of Heyde's syndrome while also briefly describing the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and management of calcific aortic valve disease in general.
Hervé Guibert as Foucault might have imagined him

This essay attempts to reconfigure our understanding of the relationship between Michel Foucault and the French photographer and writer Herve Guibert. It contends that this relationship has been mi...
Nanohydrodynamics and Coherent Structures

What types of new flow phenomena may be expected at the nanoscale, and how will such flow phenomena affect lubrication and transport? The study of hydrodynamic flows at a macroscopic scale has revealed an astonishing variety of phenomena including creeping flows, interfacial patterns, laminar flows, flows in channels, Couette flows, vortex structures, turbulence, free boundary flows, convections, waves and shocks (see for example, Van Dyke, 1982). With the development of MEMS devices such as sensors and motors on the micron lengthscale and more recently with advances in nanolithography (Xia & Whitesides, 1998), the question arises as to what types of new flow phenomena may appear at these scales. Flows in microchannels, microcavities, and nanotubes at periodic, structured, and rough surfaces all need to be studied.
Complications in the Balmer-Line Spectrum of TT Hydrae

The Balmer lines of interacting binaries cannot be interpreted in the usual sense as diagnostics of stellar photospheres. In an Algol-type binary, the presence of circumstellar material can lead to inconsistent interpretations about the nature of the hotter stellar component. The system TT Hydrae has fairly well established stellar properties. Its Balmer—line spectrum illustrates complications from circumstellar material. Complications at Hα because of the cooler secondary are also evident. Failure to recognize this complication could result in misinterpretations about the circumstellar material.
Race/ethnicity, nativity and trends in BMI among U.S. adults.

Objective The average BMI is rising even as the U.S. population grows increasingly diverse. Prior research by examining BMI trends in diverse groups including whites, blacks, Chinese, Filipinos, Asian Indians, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans who are U.S. born, recent immigrants, or long-term immigrants was extended. Methods Cross-sectional data from the 1989 to 2011 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (N = 989,273) have been pooled and linear regression models to examine trends in BMI among U.S. adults have been used. Results Annual increases in BMI are greatest among U.S.-born Puerto Ricans and Mexicans and slowest among foreign born Chinese. Among the U.S. born in 2011, Chinese adults have an average BMI below the threshold for overweight, whereas blacks, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans have average BMIs in the obese range. Foreign-born adults average lower BMIs than U.S. born adults in most race/ethnic groups, and nativity disparities generally widen over time. BMI increases across calendar periods rather than birth cohorts. Conclusion Our results suggest that calendar period interventions may be particularly useful in reversing rising BMIs in the United States. However, interventions must be tailored to different race/ethnic and nativity groups in order to reduce disparities in body mass.
Fabrication of Ceramic Layer-by-Layer Infrared Wavelength Photonic Band Gap Crystals

Photonic band gap (PBG) crystals, also known as photonic crystals, are periodic dielectric structures which form a photonic band gap that prohibit the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves of certain frequencies at any incident angles. Photonic crystals have several potential applications including zero-threshold semiconductor lasers, the inhibition of spontaneous emission, dielectric mirrors, and wavelength filters. If defect states are introduced in the crystals, light can be guided from one location to another or even a sharp bending of light in micron scale can be achieved. This generates the potential for optical waveguide and optical circuits, which will contribute to the improvement in the fiber-optic communications and the development of high-speed computers.
Fuzzy logic and neural network handbook

Fuzzy logic principles and algorithms design guidelines for fuzzy logic systems enhanced training algorithms maximum likelihood training temporal difference learning NADINE hybrid learning systems explanation and reasoning within connectivist systems extracting fuzzy rules fuzzy logic framework for managing aquatic ecosystems neural nets for seafloor classification stock market prediction face recognition acoustic transient analysis remotely-sensed imagery power systems telecommuncations handprinted character recognition financial analysis non-destructive evaluation of materials segmentation of medical images sonar signal processing radar signal processing automatic speech recognition recurrent neural networks CMAC neural networks real-time image segmentation fuzzy max-min neural network system fuzzy controller integrated neural computing architecture general asymmetric neural networks.
Anne Conway: Bodies in the Spiritual World

Anne Conway argues that all substances are spiritual. Yet, she also claims that all created substance has some type of body. Peter Loptson has argued that Conway didn’t carefully consider her view that all created beings have bodies for it seems God could have (and perhaps should have) created only disembodied spirits. There are several reasons to think Loptson is right. First, Conway holds that God is all-good and will do the best for his creation. She also holds that spirit is better than body. So, how is it that creatures always have bodies? Second, although she maintains that incorporation is punishment for sin, Conway holds that some creatures can fall without acquiring visible corporality. I argue that when we examine these views more closely, we will see that not only did Conway give them careful consideration, but that there is no inconsistency. Finally, I show that Conway’s views concerning the nature and function of body provides further evidence of her carefully crafted system. Conway holds that bodies play an important role in a finite beings’ ability to change and interact with others. Even more surprising is Conway’s view that the body is the repository of thoughts, memories, and knowledge.
COMT and OPRM1 genotype associations with daily knee pain variability and activity induced pain

a b s t r a c t Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common and increasingly prevalent condition that is one of the primary causes of chronic pain. Staying physically active protects against disability from knee OA but is also very challenging. A critical but unexamined question is whether patients at greatest risk for becoming less active are those with a genetic predisposition for greater sensitivity to daily pain. Aims: We examined day-to-day variability in knee OA pain for patients with different variants of catechol- O-methyltransferase (COMT) and mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and whether patients with a specific genotype experience more pain following daily physical activity. We predicted that patients having one or more copies of the Met 158 allele of COMT rs4680 (A-A or A- G) and one or more copies of the Asp40 allele of OPRM1 rs1799971 (A-G or G-G) would show greater pain variability. We expected to see the same pattern for these SNPs with regard to moderation (i.e., exacerbation) of the activity-pain association. Methods: A total of 120 knee OA patients reported on their pain 3 times per day over 22 days using hand- held computers, and wore an accelerometer to capture daily physical activity. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the magnitude of within-person variability in pain by genetic group. We also examined whether lagged, within-patient associations between level of activity in the afternoon (i.e., minutes of moderate intensity activity, and number of steps) and knee pain at the end-of-day were moderated by between-patient differences in genotype. Results: Regarding OPRM1 rs1799971 (Asn40Asp), patients with two copies of the Asn40 allele showed the greatest day-to-day pain variability. Regarding COMT rs4680 (Val
String calculation of QCD Wilson loops on arbitrary surfaces

Compact string expressions are found for nonintersecting Wilson loops in SU([ital N]) Yang-Mills theory on any surface (orientable or nonorientable) as a weighted sum over covers of the surface. All terms from the coupled chiral sectors of the 1/[ital N] expansion of the Wilson loop expectation values are included.
Intramural Gallbladder Hematoma Mimicking Gallbladder Neoplasm in a 33-Year-Old Male

We report a case of intramural gallbladder hematoma mimicking gallbladder neoplasm in a 33-year-old male; bleeding was confined to the gallbladder wall without rupture into the lumen. The patient presented with sudden onset of right upper quadrant pain, with no history of abdominal trauma. The abdomen was soft, with mild tenderness over the right upper quadrant, and a positive Murphy's sign. Abdominal sonography, computed tomography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography all revealed the presence of a mass lesion in the gallbladder wall. Thus, a gallbladder tumor was highly suspected. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, and intramural hematoma was found intraoperatively. The cause of intramural hemorrhage was obscure.
Standards of care for venous leg ulcers: Compression therapy and moist wound healing***

Venous ulcers are the most common type of cutaneous ulceration of the lower extremity, accounting for 70% to 90% of all cases. Despite recent advances in treatment and the development of new modalities, the current standard of care remains compression therapy in combination with appropriate moist wound care principles. The physiology of the venous system and the pathophysiology of venous disease leading to ulceration are described. A review of the use of gradient compression therapy is provided, including a discussion of several types. The history of moist wound healing and the use of hydrocolloids also are included. It is essential for the vascular nurse to be well versed in the areas of compression therapy and moist wound principles as the most effective treatment for venous ulcers at this time.
On the Motion of a Three-Dimensional Quasi-Steady Convective Storm in Shear

Abstract From the hypothesis that a quasi-steady convective storm adjusts its internal flow to the ambient wind field, the velocity of the storm motion can be calculated by means of the Bernoulli equation. This velocity may be fairly dependent on the process of formation and discharge of precipitation.
Erasmus Haworth and the Completion of Geologic Reconnaissance in Kansas

Although Kansas geology was the subject of formal study by state geological surveys in 1864 and 1865, no state survey existed from 1866 to 1889, years that marked some of the most exciting paleontological and mineral resource discoveries in the state's history. In 1889, the state legislature recreated the Geological Survey, placing it at the University of Kansas, though it provided no additional appropriation for the survey's operation. Erasmus Haworth, Samuel W. Williston, and E. H. S. Bailey formed that university incarnation of the Survey, which was essentially limited to their field and laboratory work, along with the volunteer labor of students, mostly from the University of Kansas. Though the Survey received no funding from the state until 1895, it was far from stillborn. Survey scientists published regularly in the University Quarterly, and eventually collected their results in a series of volumes that provided the first detailed, consistent treatment of the state's geology. The members of that Sur...
Factors affecting non-participation in a county-wide tuberculin testing program in Southern Appalachia.

Abstract This is an analysis of interview data from a follow-up study of 306 reported “refusers” in a county-wide tuberculin skin-testing program in Eastern Kentucky. “Response motifs” are examined with respect to both major and auxiliary reasons for non-participation. The majority of reasons were health-related, while political, economic, and religious factors only minimally affected decisions regarding the skin test. The findings relating to attitudes indicate that a distinction should be made between psychological acceptance of the skin test and the project's goals and actual participation in the skin-testing itself. Some general implications are discussed.
Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Quality of Orange Juice and Comparison with Heat Pasteurization

Effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) at 35 kV/cm for 59 micros on the quality of orange juice were investigated and compared with those of heat pasteurization at 94.6 degrees C for 30 s. The PEF treatment prevented the growth of microorganisms at 4, 22, and 37 degrees C for 112 days and inactivated 88% of pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity. The PEF-treated orange juice retained greater amounts of vitamin C and the five representative flavor compounds than the heat-pasteurized orange juice during storage at 4 degrees C (p 0. 05).
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION SHAPE AND WORK OUTPUT.

40 Ss were given a complex psychomotor assembly task under four different speed conditions. It was found the shape of their generated frequency distributions varied with changes in mean output.
Sampling artifact estimates for alkanes, hopanes, and aliphatic carboxylic acids

Abstract Sampling artifacts for molecular markers from organic speciation of particulate matter were investigated by analyzing forty-one samples collected in Philadelphia as a part of the Northeast Oxidant and Particulate Study (NEOPS). Samples were collected using a high volume sampler with two quartz fiber filters in series. n-Alkanes (C23–C31), hopanes (C27–C31), and n-alkanoic acids (C10–C22) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The extent of artifact error was dependent on vapor pressure and species concentration. Particulate organic species are classified into the following three categories: (1) the amount collected on the backup filter was often a large fraction of the amount collected on the front filters (n-alkanes C23 and C24, n-carboxylic acids C10–C14); (2) the amount collected on the backup filter was consistently a small fraction of the amount collected on the front filter (n-alkanes C25–C28, hopanes C27–C30, n-carboxylic acids C15–C18, and dicarboxylic acids C3–C9); (3) the species was rarely observed on backup filters (n-alkanes C29–C31, hopanes C31 and C32).
Applying an Emotion Regulation Framework to Integrative Approaches to Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Integrative conceptualizations like that proposed byRoemer and Orsillo provide exciting new directions forunderstanding and treating generalized anxiety disorder(GAD). However, these approaches may be furtherstrengthened by adoption of an emotion regulationperspective. Persons with GAD may have difﬁculty un-derstanding their emotional experience and may pos-sess few skills to modulate their emotions. They mayexperience emotions as subjectively aversive and useworry and maladaptive interpersonal behaviors as de-fensive strategies to control, avoid, or blunt emotionalexperience. An emotion regulation perspective suggestsadding treatment components to help clients becomemore comfortable with arousing emotional experience,more able to access and utilize emotional informationin adaptive problem solving, and better able to modu-late emotional experience and expression according tocontextual demands.Key words: emotion regulation, generalized anxietydisorder. [Clin Psychol Sci Prac 9:85–90, 2002]
Negative reinforcement with shock-frequency increase

Two avoidance-conditioning experiments in which responding delayed shocks are reported. Rats receiving an average of two shocks per minute (imposed condition) could produce, by pressing a bar, a 3-min alternate condition. Six (Experiment I) or more (Experiment II) shocks occurred in the alternate condition. All shocks in the alternate condition were delayed and delivered at 1-sec intervals. With long delays, all subjects produced the alternate condition and spent a large percentage of each session in the alternate condition. The first experiment demonstrated that the longer the delay from onset of the alternate condition to onset of the shocks, the more session time spent in the alternate condition. The second experiment indicated that despite increased shock frequency, behavior is acquired and maintained when responding leads to sufficient delay. Individual subjects produced the alternate condition by bar pressing in essentially one of two patterns. One pattern, termed postshock, involved bar pressing immediately after shock; the other, termed posttransition, involved responding immediately after the transition from the alternate to the imposed condition. These results indicate that shock-frequency reduction is not necessary for avoidance conditioning; delay to shock onset is sufficient.
Synthesis of anti‐9‐Bromo‐ and anti‐9‐Chlorobicyclo[4.2.1]nonatriene via Bicyclo[4.2.1]nonatriene→Bicyclo[4.2.1]nonatriene Rearrangement

The first syntheses of 9-bromo- and 9-chlorobicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,6-trienes were each achieved in three stereoselective steps from the 9,9-bis(selenophenyl) derivative 9 in 79% overall yield for the bromide and 64% for the chloride. A deuterium-labeling experiment reveals the first rearrangement of a bicyclo[4.2.1]nonatriene which leaves the ring system intact.
A retrograde double label tracing technique using horseradish peroxidase and the fluorescent dye 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole 2HCl (DAPI)

Abstract Retrograde transport of HRP and the fluorescent dye DAPI were used to double label spinothalamic tract cells with dual projections to thalamus and cerebellum. Cells containing both retrograde tracers were found in the intermediate gray zone and in the lateral spinal nucleus of the rat lumbosacral spinal cord. Double labeled cells were easily identified by the presence of granular HRP reaction product and the blue fluorescence of DAPI. The use of HRP and DAPI provides an effective double labeling technique for the localization of neurons with nonoverlapping projections in the central and/or peripheral nervous systems.
Unobtrusive in-home detection of time spent out-of-home with applications to loneliness and physical activity.

Loneliness is a common condition in elderly associated with severe health consequences including increased mortality, decreased cognitive function, and poor quality of life. Identifying and assisting lonely individuals is therefore increasingly important-especially in the home setting-as the very nature of loneliness often makes it difficult to detect by traditional methods. One critical component in assessing loneliness unobtrusively is to measure time spent out-of-home, as loneliness often presents with decreased physical activity, decreased motor functioning, and a decline in activities of daily living, all of which may cause decrease in the amount of time spent outside the home. Using passive and unobtrusive in-home sensing technologies, we have developed a methodology for detecting time spent out-of-home based on logistic regression. Our approach was both sensitive (0.939) and specific (0.975) in detecting time out-of-home across over 41 000 epochs of data collected from four subjects monitored for at least 30 days each in their own homes. In addition to linking time spent out-of-home to loneliness, (r = -0.44, p = 0.011) as measured by the UCLA Loneliness Index, we demonstrate its usefulness in other applications such as uncovering general behavioral patterns of elderly and exploring the link between time spent out-of-home and physical activity ( r = 0.415, p = 0.031), as measured by the Berkman Social Disengagement Index. Language: en
Using Laser Direct-Write to Influence Embryoid Body Size on Uniform Substrates

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are capable of self-renewal and have the potential to differentiate into any specialized cell type. Understanding and directing this differentiation potential is critical to producing cell sources for replacement therapies.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Expansion Factor Tests in a 75 mm Diameter Orifice Meter Tube

This paper presents new experimental data for orifice meter expansion factor tests flowing natural gas through a 75 mm (3-inch) diameter orifice meter tube for values of the orifice diameter ratio (β) between 0.60 and 0.75. The tests were performed in the Low Pressure Loop (LPL) of the Metering Research Facility (MRF) at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). The new data complement previously reported results for 100 mm (4-inch) and 150 mm (6-inch) meter tubes for β values between 0.20 and 0.60.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Cultural Identification as Predictor of Content Preferences of Hispanics.

• Although studies of newspaper readership are abundant, studies which explore the contribution of ethnic or cultural identification to newspaper readership are nearly nonexistent, notably among youth. According to a report released by the Bureau of the Census on February 23, 1981, the total persons of Spanish origin accounted for in the 1980 census were 14,605,883. This has a high likelihood of underrepresenting illegal aliens in the U.S.. and consequently prcnides a conservative estimate. Hispanics in the U.S. tend to bea young segment of the population with more than 40% under the age of 18.' Jarboe recently wrote that Anglos seem to be concerned that "Hispanics clinging to their language and culture will create the same kind of factionalism in the United States that has plagued Canada and other countries.'" With large numbers and a substantial contingent of younger people, Hispanics do have the potential for shaping the destiny of this country in several ways.
Depression of transmission through the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat by physostigmine sulphate.

Abstract Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by physostigmine or neostigmine caused a depression of postganglionic action potentials elicited by repetitive stimulation of preganglionic sympathetic nerves at a frequency of 10 Hz but not at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. The depression was partially antagonized by atropine and phenoxybenzamine but phentolamine and dihydroergotamine were inactive. Although repetitive stimulation of the preganglionic nerve caused hyperpolarization of control ganglia, stimulation in the presence of physostigmine caused a depolarization which increased in magnitude throughout the 10 sec of stimulation. The depolarization was completely abolished by hexamethonium. When atropine was added to the physostigmine solution, an initial depolarization developed over the first 4 sec similar to that which occurred in physostigmine alone, but the depolarization waned during the remaining 6 sec of the volley. The effect of phenoxybenzamine was very similar to atropine and it was suggested that the antagonistic effect of phenoxybenzamine on physostigmine-induced ganglionic depression was due to an atropine-like action. It is concluded that the depression of ganglionic transmission by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors during repetitive preganglionic nerve stimulation is due to a depolarization of the ganglion mediated in part, at least, by muscarinic receptors.
Ever since gompertz

In 1825 British actuary Benjamin Gompertz made a simple but important observation that a law of geometrical progression pervades large portions of different tables of mortality for humans. The simple formula he derived describing the exponential rise in death rates between sexual maturity and old age is commonly referred to as the Gompertz equation—a formula that remains a valuable tool in demography and in other scientific disciplines. Gompertz’s observation of a mathematical regularity in the life table led him to believe in the presence of a law of mortality that explained why common age patterns of death exist. This law of mortality has captured the attention of scientists for the past 170 years because it was the first among what are now several reliable empirical tools for describing the dying-out process of many living organisms during a significant portion of their life spans. In this paper we review the literature on Gompertz’slaw of mortality and discuss the importance of his observations and insights in light of research on aging that has taken place since then.
Stress-relaxation behavior of a physical gel: Evidence of co-occurrence of structural relaxation and water diffusion in ionic alginate gels

Abstract Stress relaxation measurements on ionically cross-linked alginate gels in an unconfined uniaxial compression are reported. Data are obtained as a function of ionic (divalent calcium) concentration and for various sample radii. Analysis of the results shows that such gels, at all investigated concentrations, relax the stress by two different concurring mechanisms: (a) an internal relaxation, most probably due to detachment and re-bonding of the cations along the alginate chains, and (b) the diffusion of water out of the gel.