cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Trade Union Legislation of Nanjing National Government from 1920s to 1940s

Trade union legislation of Nanjing National Government was issued at the 20's and 40's of the 20th century,when the worker's living conditions were extremely execrable,the conflict between the laborers and the capitalists was incisive,the labor movement was flourishing,and the international and domestic consensus was pressing.Nanjing National Government drew on the experience of the Beijing Government's and Guangdong Government's trade union legislation,it had a positive impact on the modernization of China.It partly realized the interests of the working class and to some extent eased the class conflict.However,most of trade union legislation used the experience of western countries for reference,and some are divorced from the reality of China.Besides,the purpose to formulate trade union legislation is to control the laborers.The Trade Union Law,Labor Disputes Act and other regulations include such content as controlling laborers and the restrictions on labor strike.The advantages and disadvantages of Nanjing National Government's trade union legislation provide historical reference for trade union legislation formulation of contemporary society.
Reduction of immunization errors through practitioner education and addition of age-specific alerts in the electronic prescribing system

Purpose The reduction of immunization errors through the use of age-specific alerts within the electronic medical record (EMR) and mandatory interactive education for prescribers is described. Methods A health system–wide initiative was implemented at an academic pediatric hospital to reduce the number of immunization errors. The preimplementation period (January 1–December 31, 2013) involved a baseline review of adverse drug events (ADEs) reported through a voluntary event reporting system to determine the number and types of immunization errors. During the prescribing phase of the medication-use process, 57% (43 of 75) of errors occurred. First, age-based restrictions were implemented within the EMR. This was followed by mandatory immunization education for all prescribers working in the primary care network. Data collection included all reported vaccine errors within the voluntary event reporting system and completion rates of education by physicians, nurse practitioners, and medical residents. Results During the seven-month postimplementation period (January 1– July 31, 2014), prescribing events decreased from 57% to 25%. Following implementation of age-specific immunization alerts and mandatory prescriber education, the hospital went 175 days without a vaccine ADE. Conclusion The implementation of age-specific alerts within the EMR and mandatory prescriber education decreased the number of immunization errors within a pediatric health system.
Acid-Base Regulation and Ventilatory Control during Exercise and Recovery in Man

At rest, 9 millimoles per minute of acid equivalents in the form of CO2 are produced in a typical man. This rate increases to 45 mmol/min during moderate pace walking and up to 200 mmol/min during heavy exercise in a fit man. The primary mechanism by which an overwhelming body acidosis is avoided is by increasing alveolar ventilation (VA) in proportion to the metabolic rate. If VA failed to excrete only 10% of metabolically produced CO2, the pH would fall by approximately 0.03 pH units per minute and the pH would decrease to approximately 7.1 after 10 min of walking. Since so many physiological functions depend on the pH of the perfusing blood, a well-designed ventilatory control system would take into account the acid load, including the rate of volatile (carbonic) and non-volatile (e. g. lactic) acid production.
Recent advances in pediatrics.

The challenging issues in pediatric pharmacotherapy are both profound and exciting. Microtechnologies for evaluating the impact of genetics in disease (e.g., using polymerase chain reactions) and the possibilities of therapeutic interventions create major clinical and ethical dilemmas that remain to be resolved. Inclusion of pediatric patients in drug development and marketing trials also remains a point of contention. Finally, well-established therapies should not be overlooked in favor of new but unestablished treatment approaches. Future columns will continue to use the current format, in which a few selected topics of high therapeutic importance are discussed. The research technologies, discussion of new drug therapy interventions, and preventive strategies most likely to benefit the health care of infants, children, and adolescents will remain the scope of this column.
Towards a science of security games

Security is a critical concern around the world. In many domains from counter-terrorism to sustainability, limited security resources prevent full security coverage at all times; instead, these limited resources must be scheduled, while simultaneously taking into account different target priorities, the responses of the adversaries to the security posture and potential uncertainty over adversary types.
Biological soil crust and disturbance controls on surface hydrology in a semi-arid ecosystem

Biological soil crust communities (biocrusts) play an important role in surface hydrologic processes in dryland ecosystems and can be dramatically altered with soil surface disturbance. In this study, through a simulated rainfall experiment, we examined biocrust hydrologic responses to disturbance (trampling and scraping) at different developmental stages on sandy soils on the Colorado Plateau. Our results showed that all disturbance treatments of the early-successional light cyanobacterial biocrusts reduced runoff after 10 min of cumulative rainfall. Scraped and scraped + trampled treatments also reduced runoff after 30 min in the light biocrust when compared to the intact controls but runoff in the trampling treatments was not significantly reduced. Light biocrust sediment loss trended toward a decrease in total amount of sediment lost in all disturbance treatments but not significantly so. In contrast, trampling well-developed dark cyano-lichen biocrusts demonstrated an opposite response than the less-developed light biocrusts and increased runoff after 30 min of cumulative rainfall and in total sediment loss relative to intact controls. Scraping in dark crusts did not increase runoff, implying that soil aggregate structure was important to the infiltration process. Well-developed, intact dark biocrusts generally had lower runoff and sediment loss and highest aggregate stability, whereas the less-developed light biocrusts were highest in runoff and sediment loss after disturbance when compared to the controls. These results suggest the importance of maintaining the well-developed dark biocrusts, as they are beneficial for lowering runoff and reducing soil loss and redistribution on the landscape. These data also suggest that upslope patches of light biocrust may either support water transport to downslope vegetation patches or alternatively this runoff may place dark biocrust patches at risk of disruption and loss, given that light patches increase runoff and thus soil erosion potential.
Achievements of the hermeneutic-phenomenological approach to natural science : A comparison with constructivist sociology

The hermeneutic-phenomenological approach to the natural sciences has a special interest in the interpretive phases of these sciences and in the circumstances, cognitive and social, that lead to divergent as well as convergent interpretations. It tries to ascertain the role of the hermeneutic circle in research; and to this end it has developed, over the past three decades or so, a number of adaptations of hermeneutic and phenomenological concepts to processes of experimentation and theory-making. The purpose of the present essay is to show how appropriate these concepts are to an important current research program (solar neutrinos) and thus to point out what difference they make to our understanding of science as a whole. This goal is pursued by means of comparison. The program of social constructivism in natural science has produced alternative but parallel concepts, embodied in an alternative and parallel vocabulary. The contrast between this vocabulary and that of hermeneutics and phenomenology reveals, so I argue, the advantages of the latter. But actually it does more: It reveals as well the “pre-understanding” or “prejudgment” of science embedded in each approach.
The evaluation of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: the knee pain scale.

Objective. To develop and validate a knee pain scale (KPS) for use with patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods. Patients with documented evidence of knee OA completed the KPS and a test battery including measures of physical functioning, physical performance, and depression. Analyses were conducted to confirm the 4-factor structure of the measure, determine alpha reliabilities, assess the test-retest reliability, and examine the construct validity of the KPS. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the KPS has 4 subscales, including frequency and intensity of pain experienced during both ambulation/climbing and transfer activities. All reliabilities were in excess of 0.80 and the subscales of the KPS shared expected variance with both self-reported and objective indices of dysfunction. Conclusion. The KPS has good psychometric properties for assessing pain experienced in conjunction with the performance of activities of daily living. Although at present it is a research tool, with further study it should prove valuable in clinical practice as well.
Opportunities and Challenges in CO2 Reduction by Gold- and Silver-Based Electrocatalysts: From Bulk Metals to Nanoparticles and Atomically Precise Nanoclusters

To tackle the excessive emission of greenhouse gas CO2, electrocatalytic reduction has been recognized as a promising way. Given the multielectron, multiproduct nature of the CO2 reduction process, an ideal catalyst should be capable of converting CO2 with high rates as well as high selectivity to either gas-phase (e.g., CO, CH4) or liquid-phase products (e.g., HCOOH, CH3OH, etc.). Gold- and silver-based materials have been extensively investigated as CO2 reduction catalysts for the formation of CO. This Perspective focuses on the advances of gold- and silver-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction in terms of catalyst design as well as some insights from theoretical investigations. In particular, a special emphasis is placed on the newly emerging, atomically precise metal nanoclusters for CO2 electroreduction. The strong quantum confinement effect and molecular purity as well as the crystallographically solved atomic structures of nanoclusters make this new class of catalysts quite promising in fundamen...
Modeled exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water and the risk of placenta-related stillbirths: a case-control study from Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

Residents of Massachusetts and Rhode Island were exposed to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water from 1968 through the early 1990s when the solvent was used to apply a vinyl liner to drinking water mains to address taste and odor problems. Few studies have examined the risk of fetal death among women exposed to solvent-contaminated drinking water. Two previous investigations found moderate increases in the risk of stillbirth among highly exposed women; however, these results were based on a small number of cases. The present case-control study was undertaken to examine further this association with a large number of stillbirths. Cases were comprised of stillborn infants delivered between 1968 and 1995 to mothers who resided in 28 Massachusetts and Rhode Island cities and towns with some affected water mains (N = 296). Cases were included if the cause of death was placental abruption and/or placental insufficiency. Controls were randomly selected live-born infants who were delivered in the same time period and geographic area (N = 783). Data on confounding variables were gathered from vital records and questionnaires. PCE exposure was estimated using a leaching and transport model integrated into water system software. Mothers with any PCE exposure had a 1.7-fold increase in the adjusted odds of placenta-related stillbirth (95% CI: 1.2–2.4). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) increased as a woman’s exposure level increased: in comparison to unexposed mothers, ORs were 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0–2.3) for low exposure (> 0-median), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1–2.5) for moderate exposure (>median-90th percentile) and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1–3.2) for high exposure (>90th percentile) (p value for trend = 0.02). A similar pattern was observed when PCE exposure was dichotomized at 40 μg/L, the suggested action guideline for remediation (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.2 and OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4–4.8, respectively, for PCE exposure 40 μg/L) (p value for trend = .003). We observed a linear dose-dependent increase in the odds of stillbirth due to placental abruption and placental insufficiency with prenatal exposure to PCE contaminated drinking water. Because PCE remains a common drinking water contaminant, these findings highlight the importance of considering pregnant women when monitoring, regulating and remediating drinking water supplies.
Therapeutic approaches to HIV infection based on virus structure and the host pathogen interaction.

Molecular dissection of the primate immunodeficiency viruses has led to identification of their principal structural components and defined many of their required activities. The resulting picture is one of highly complex viruses that execute subtle yet catastrophic destruction of host immune capacity and thus rate among the most insidious and lethal of the infectious viral agents. The identification and functional analysis of viral genes, gene products, and regulatory elements proceeded more quickly than studies on viral pathogenesis. This situation reflects the intense and early interest on full molecular characterization of these viral agents. However, our lack of understanding of viral pathogenesis in AIDS and its related disorders also reflects the genuine difficulty that is associated with developing experimental approaches to identify key mechanisms in disease progression and point the way to effective therapeutic intervention. In the absence of definitive views of viral pathogenesis, we must rely on basic knowledge about how virus structure and unique features of the viral life cycle can be exploited for the development of effective therapeutic agents.
The nucleotide sequence of two leucine tRNA species from Escherichia coli K12

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of two leucine tRNA species from E. coli K12 has been determined. Both possess a chain length of 87 nucleotides but differ in 22 positions in their primary sequence.
Lessons in Suicide Prevention from the Golden Gate Bridge: Means Restriction, Public Health, and the School Psychologist

Youth suicide is a global public health problem and some lessons for more effectively preventing it can be found in a perhaps unlikely source: the Golden Gate Bridge. Issues discussed include means restriction and method substitution, the stigma associated with suicide and the consequences of it, myths and misconceptions regarding suicide, and taking a public health approach to suicide prevention. The implications of these issues for school-based suicide prevention and school psychologists are provided.
The chemotherapy of intestinal nematodes.

In spite of the widespread incidence of intestinal nematodes and the concomitant detrimental effect upon human well-being, the chemotherapy of these parasites remained surprisingly backward until the beginning of the past decade. Even though the 1960s witnessed great advances in the treatment of nematodiasis, there are still only poor remedies for several important worm infestations. The present chapter will attempt to record the progress made in the chemotherapy of intestinal nematodes since the subject was last reviewed in this series [23]. A number of other review articles have appeared since 1959, and some of the more informative and readily available ones are given in references [1–23].
Ettien Koffi: Paradigm Shift in Language Planning and Policy: Game-Theoretic Solutions

Koffi’s ambitious volume suggests that Game Theory can explain decisions that the colonials enacted regarding education language policies in Sub-Saharan Africa and that this theory can predict the best outcome in his case study of policy for Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Also, such predictions would hold for policies in those African urban ‘‘megacities’’ that show an ethnolinguistic equilibrium (i.e., no single indigenous LWC (language of wider communication)). I admire him for his ambition in trying to provide language policy researchers with a set of theoretical propositions and for his ingenuity in proposing Game Theory as relevant to explaining policy decisions affecting education. Yes, some aspects of Game Theory seem applicable to informing policy choices in Africa. As in games, education policy planners pick a strategy (make a decision) that produces a clear outcome. But Game Theory generally involves a very limited number of players who must make quick and clear cut decisions that are based on what they know about the other players and their decisions, as in the famous Prisoner’s Dilemma that involves only two players. In Africa, the players are not so few; in fact, Koffi comes up with 42 players in most nations, from missionaries to colonial administrators to rural, uneducated Africans. Further, how much the different players know may vary considerably in the African setting. Still, as in Game Theory, they are presented with choices that not just depend on what they know, but more on their level of commitment to the positions they hold. But unlike players in Game Theory, few of the African players in the past—and even today—have participated in making decisions in ‘‘the language game’’ (or have been allowed to do so). Further, it is an open question whether objectively-based information about the knowledge and opinions of past or current players in Africa exists. Yet Kofi assigns numbers indicating players’ commitments to their positions and how they stand in comparison with other players. In this way, he arrives at
Toward a Catalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers Through C(sp2)–H Alkylation with Nitroalkanes

We report studies toward a small-molecule-catalytic approach to access atropisomeric diaryl ethers that proceeds through a C(sp2)–H alkylation using nitroalkanes as the alkyl source. A quaternary ammonium salt derived from quinine, containing a sterically hindered urea at the C-9 position, was found to effect atroposelective C(sp2)–H alkylation with moderate to good enantioselectivities across several naphthoquinone-containing diaryl ethers. Products could then be isolated in >95:5 er after one round of trituration. For several substrates that were evaluated, we obtained nitroethylated products in similar yields and selectivities.
Application of Combined Transmission-Distribution System Modeling to WECC Composite Load Model

The WECC Composite Load Model (CLM) is one of the most comprehensive load models used in transmission system dynamic studies. It is expressed by numerous parameters representing an aggregated load. The default parameter values of the CLM cannot always properly represent the distribution system. In this paper, a systematic method for determining the values for the parameters affected by the load composition and configuration of a distribution system is described with the aid of the Combined Transmission-Distribution System (CoTDS) modeling method. Since the CoTDS model considers the detailed behavior of the loads in the distribution system, it serves as a guiding tool to tune the CLM parameters. Simulation of several test cases are performed using a WECC 9-bus transmission system with a 160-node distribution system feeder. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to properly represent the distribution system in the CLM.
Shared learning

Total productivity learning curve results are reported for several departments of an electronic equipment manufacturer with plants in the U.S., Europe and Asia. These results were used to focus qualitative field investigations into the behavioral and cognitive determinants of considerable diversity across departments in learning curve parameters. The field investigation suggested that three forms of shared learning are critical to manufacturing productivity improvement: 1 sharing across the Development/Manufacturing interface, 2 sharing between the primary location and plants that started up later, and 3 the ongoing sharing among plants after start-up. Innovations in each of these three processes are identified and mapped onto Daft and Lengel's information uncertainty/equivocality matrix. Implications for the role of manufacturing engineering are identified.
A Test of the Effectiveness of Teaching Money and Banking by Programmed Instruction.

Professor Havrilesky's paper adds another dimension to the studies designed to evaluate programmed instruction, and concentrates on one major economic topic. Students were pre- and posttested with questions in monetary economics taken from the TUCE. The control and experimental groups had statistically similar characteristics but, while both gained, the gain of the programmed group was significantly higher. Possible explanations for the results are given, and hypotheses for future testing are suggested.
Cost Effectiveness of Nutrition Policies on Processed Meat: Implications for Cancer Burden in the U.S.

Introduction Processed meats are associated with increased risk of colorectal and stomach cancers, but health and economic impacts of policies to discourage processed meats are not well established. This paper aims to evaluate the cost effectiveness of implementing tax and warning labels on processed meats. Methods A probabilistic cohort-state transition model was developed in 2018, including lifetime and short-term horizons, healthcare, and societal perspectives, and 3% discount rates for costs and health outcomes. The model simulated 32 subgroups by age, gender, and race/ethnicity from the U.S. adult population and integrated nationally representative 2011-2014 data on processed meat consumption, with etiologic effects of processed meat consumption on cancer incidence, medical and indirect societal costs, and policy costs. Results Over a lifetime, the 10% excise tax would prevent 77,000 cases of colorectal cancer (95% uncertainty interval=56,800, 107,000) and 12,500 cases of stomach cancer (95% uncertainty interval=6,880, 23,900), add 593,000 quality-adjusted life years (95% uncertainty interval=419,000, 827,000), and generate net savings of $2.7 billion from a societal perspective, including $1.1 billion healthcare costs saved. The warning label policy would avert 85,400 cases of colorectal cancer (95% uncertainty interval=56,600, 141,000) and 15,000 cases of stomach cancer (95% uncertainty interval=6,860, 34,500), and add 660,000 quality-adjusted life years (95% uncertainty interval=418,000, 1,070,000), with net savings of $4.5 billion from a societal perspective, including $1.3 billion healthcare costs saved. In subgroup analyses, greater health and economic benefits accrued to (1) younger subpopulations, (2) subpopulations with greater cancer risk, and (3) those with higher baseline processed meat consumption. Conclusions The model shows that implementing tax or warning labels on processed meats would be a cost-saving strategy with substantial health and economic benefits. The findings should encourage policy makers to consider nutrition-related policies to reduce cancer burden.
The Analysis of Continuous Data

After tackling the problems of gathering a batch of observations according to some systematic plan, the scientist faces the problem Eve brought Adam—the troubling fact of choice. What treatments should be applied to the data, arithmetically or graphically? Why these treatments rather than some others? What principles can aid in making the choices? How can we organize our thinking about the overall process of data analysis?
Atrioventricular Block in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Children are at risk for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Cardiovascular complications, including ventricular dysfunction and coronary dilation, are frequent, but there are limited data on arrhythmic complications. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of children and young adults aged ≤21 years admitted with MIS-C. Demographic characteristics, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram findings, and hospital course were described. RESULTS: Among 25 patients admitted with MIS-C (60% male; median age 9.7 [interquartile range 2.7–15.0] years), ECG anomalies were found in 14 (56%). First-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) was seen in 5 (20%) patients a median of 6 (interquartile range 5–8) days after onset of fever and progressed to second- or third-degree AVB in 4 patients. No patient required intervention for AVB. All patients with AVB were admitted to the ICU (before onset of AVB) and had ventricular dysfunction on echocardiograms. All patients with second- or third-degree AVB had elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels, whereas the patient with first-degree AVB had a normal brain natriuretic peptide level. No patient with AVB had an elevated troponin level. QTc prolongation was seen in 7 patients (28%), and nonspecific ST segment changes were seen in 14 patients (56%). Ectopic atrial tachycardia was observed in 1 patient, and none developed ventricular arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS: Children with MIS-C are at risk for atrioventricular conduction disease, especially those who require ICU admission and have ventricular dysfunction. ECGs should be monitored for evidence of PR prolongation. Continuous telemetry may be required in patients with evidence of first-degree AVB because of risk of progression to high-grade AVB.
The Transient Covalent Bond in Abiotic Nonequilibrium Systems

Biochemical systems accomplish many critical functions with by operating out-of-equilibrium using the energy of chemical fuels. The formation of a transient covalent bond is a simple but very effective tool in designing analogous reaction networks. This Minireview focuses on the fuel chemistries that have been used to generate transient bonds in recent demonstrations of abiotic nonequilibrium systems (i.e., systems that do not make use of biological components). Fuel reactions are divided into two fundamental classifications depending on whether the fuel contributes structural elements to the activated state, a distinction that dictates how they can be used. Reported systems are further categorized by overall fuel reaction (e.g., hydrolysis of alkylating agents, carbodiimide hydration) and illustrate how similar chemistry can be used to effect a wide range of nonequilibrium behavior, ranging from self-assembly to the operation of molecular machines.
Everything Old is New Again: The Age of Consumer‐Centric Supply Chain Management

Over the past several decades, the disciplines of marketing and logistics grew apart from their common historical origins as marketing became more behavioral and more quantitative, while logistics leaned toward a more operational orientation We argue in this editorial that social and technological changes in the past 20 years, coupled with the effects of the COVID pandemic, have created the conditions for the two disciplines to reconnect We propose that scholars and practitioners consider a consumer‐centric approach to supply chain management Such an approach advocates that the entire supply chain should focus on consumer experience rather than mere customer service and that experiences might include issues such as last‐mile delivery, supply chain visibility, and consumer values We also introduce the papers appearing in this issue of the journal
Chemoenzymatic Generation of Phospholipid Membranes Mediated by Type I Fatty Acid Synthase

ABSTRACT The de novo formation of lipid membranes from minimal reactive precursors is a major goal in synthetic cell research. In nature, the synthesis of membrane phospholipids is orchestrated by numerous enzymes, including fatty acid synthases and membrane-bound acyltransferases. However, these enzymatic pathways are difficult to fully reproduce in vitro. As such, the reconstitution of phospholipid membrane synthesis from simple metabolic building blocks remains a challenge. Here, we describe a chemoenzymatic strategy for lipid membrane generation that utilizes a soluble bacterial fatty acid synthase (cgFAS I) to synthesize palmitoyl-CoA in situ from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. The fatty acid derivative spontaneously reacts with a cysteine-modified lysophospholipid by native chemical ligation (NCL), affording a non-canonical amidophospholipid that self-assembles into micron-sized membrane-bound vesicles. To our knowledge, this is the first example of reconstituting phospholipid membrane formation directly from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. Our results demonstrate that combining the specificity and efficiency of a type I fatty acid synthase with a highly selective bioconjugation reaction provides a biomimetic route for the de novo formation of membrane-bound vesicles.
Extramedullary Leukemia - A Pictorial Atlas

2036 Objectives: 1. What is Extramedullary Leukemia (EML) 2. Understanding the pathogenesis of EML in brief 3. Imaging atlas showing various sites of involvement 4. In short, management of EML 5. Briefly describe the prognosis in EML. Introduction: What is EML? Extramedullary leukemia is the presence of leukemic cell aggregates in the form of solid tumor outside that of bone marrow (1). It is most commonly seen with acute myeloid leukemia and less commonly with other forms of leukemia like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2). Extramedullary myeloid leukemia is also known as myeloid sarcoma or chloroma and is basically a solid tumor of myeloblasts (3). EML is more commonly seen in the setting of disease relapse and less commonly at the time of initial presentation. A variety of extramedullary sites and organs can be involved, and examples of such will be presented (4). There is no specific terminology for extramedullary acute lymphoblastic leukemia and it can be challenging to diagnose this, especially in absence of marrow involvement (2). Pathogenesis: Myeloid sarcoma - Hematopoietic stem cells are present in the embryonic aorta-gonad- mesonephros during development and eventually are predominantly found in the bone marrow and liver in adult life. The extramedullary sites can get activated due to multiple genetic and molecular etiologies resulting including chemokine receptor signaling pathways, leading to the formation of solid tumors (1, 5). Pathogenesis of extramedullary lymphoblastic leukemia is not very well elucidated, however, it also appears to depend on chemokine receptor signaling pathways, resulting in migration and growth of tumor outside the medullary cavity (6) Management: Once the diagnosis of the extramedullary disease is made, the systemic treatment used for acute myeloid leukemia is initiated. Bone marrow/stem cell transplant is also utilized (7). In the research setting, multiple targeted drugs and immunotherapy have been employed. Surgery and radiation therapy for symptomatic or compressive masses may be considered in some cases (8, 9). Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment in extramedullary lymphoblastic leukemia. Rituximab may be added and has shown to improve survival (2). Prognosis: The presence of extramedullary leukemia has a poor prognosis as compared to medullary involvement. A study has shown that a multitude of factors like age, sex, race, and sites of involvement can affect overall survival (10). Conclusions: As an imaging physician, one should be familiar with extramedullary manifestations of leukemia. There are various organs that can be involved in extramedullary leukemia and knowledge of these is imperative while detecting extramedullary leukemia. High clinical suspicion together with imaging findings usually guides biopsy and leads to the initiation of treatment. As a functional modality, FDG PET/ CT is a useful imaging modality for detecting sites of extramedullary leukemia at baseline, in addition to monitoring response to therapy, and evaluating for recurrence.
Language Minorities’ Localization in COVID-19 Recovery: An Ecological Approach to Navigating Community-based User Experience

Disaster recovery often requires the lay public to be involved in a wealth of textual engagement and rhetorical activities in technological contexts. However, few studies have investigated language minority immigrant communities’ rhetorics and literacies in the context of disaster relief. This empirical study presents findings from a 12-month community-based participatory action research of how language minority immigrant communities interacted with technological disaster recovery systems in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a case study of the COVID-19 recovery programs experienced by language minorities or multilingual immigrants, this study describes the lived experiences of multilingual users in the aftermath of a public health disaster and emphasizes the importance of social justice for users from racially, linguistically, and culturally diverse backgrounds in distributing recovery resources including financial aid and medicines.
Prosthetic Kinematics: Cruciate Retaining Versus Posterior Stabilized Versus Medial Pivot

There are a number of different total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implant options on the market today with different kinematic properties. Posterior-stabilized total knee systems sacrifice the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The PS system relies on a cam-post mechanism to engage during flexion, forcing posterior femoral translation. This allows for improved deep flexion by both providing stability and decreasing posterior femoral impingement on the tibial component. Cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty follows the tenets of retaining an intact, appropriately tensioned PCL. Cruciate-retaining (CR) systems rely on the knee’s ligamentous balance and PCL to provide those same goals as described above. The medial pivot knee is cruciate sacrificing and available with or without posterior-stabilization (PS). The medial rotation (MR) design focuses on achieving both stability and the native knee’s “screw home mechanism” of internal tibial rotation in comparison to the femoral condyles through a highly concentric tibial polyethylene insert. The spherical medial femoral condyle and complimentary medial tibial tray with a slotted lateral compartment encourage both femoral rollback and the medial pivot axis of the normal knee. The differences and/or benefits of one type of system over the other have not been clearly and definitively born out in the literature. As long-term success of total knee arthroplasty has continued to improve since its inception and first implantation in the 1970s, the progression over the past decades has been with the end goal of achieving native knee motion through the weight-bearing flexion arc. PS implant designs may more reliably create posterior femoral rollback. However, none of the described TKA systems completely restore normal knee kinematics. Outcomes for the described implant categories have been good with survivorship reported as high as 90–95 % at 15–20 years. Despite this, further research is ongoing to better replicate the normal knee and restore the stability and flexion that both patients and orthopedic surgeons seek in a total knee arthroplasty.
Einleitung: Ziele und Zweck des Chemieunterrichts

Die Naturwissenschaften entspringen einer bestimmten Form der Auseinandersetzung mit der Umwelt, der “Natur”. Dazu gehort zunachst die Beschreibung (Systematisierung) der Phanomene bzw. Objekte und das Erkennen gesetzmassiger Zusammenhange. Beides erfolgt mittels gewisser Denkkategorien und Methoden, z.B.
Fat Absorption in Bile Fistula Man: A morphological and biochemical study

Patients with an external biliary fistula absorb most of their dietary fatty acids. We studied the duodenojejunal contents of biliary fistula patients after a fatty meal to determine to what extent dietary triglycerides are digested and the resulting free fatty acids (FFA) are solubilized. Serial small bowel biopsies were examined by electron microscopy to determine whether fatty acids traverse jejunal absorptive cells in a morphologically normal manner. Lipolysis seemed to be unimpaired when bile salts were absent; the concentration of FFA in the aqueous phase of intestinal contents, however, was reduced 100-fold. Despite these low concentrations of FFA, the pathway of fat absorption through the absorptive cell and into the lacteal was normal. If the luminal fat load was low, or of short duration, no difference could be discerned between the quantity of fat in jejunal absorptive cells of bile fistula patients and normal man. However, when the luminal fat load was increased, the amount of fat in the absorptive cells was clearly less during bile fistula than it was after restoration of biliary flow into the intestine. The considerable capacity of man to absorb fat in the absence of bile salts is not surprising because the two most essential features of the absorptive process appear to be intact: luminal hydrolysis of triglycerides and mucosal absorption of the resulting FFA.
The Strategic Choice of Contractual Policies

This paper is devoted at analyzing the strategic choice of intra-firm contractual policies in an oligopoly framework. It derives conditions under which a cooperative bargaining process between firms’ owners and employees characterizes a dominant strategy equilibrium of the game. It then extends the model to consider a different specification of the two parties’ outside options and the implications of the equilibrium allocation on social welfare and collusion possibilities [JEL Code: L13, L20].
EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY ARGININE (ARG) THERAPY IN ARGININOSUCCINIC ACIDURIA (ASA)

The effectiveness of ARG therapy in preventing neonatal hyperammonemia is illustrated by the outcomes of two preterm siblings with ASA. The first case was referred at 4 days of age with lethargy, apnea, coma, and a plasma ammonia concentration of 1992 μg/dl. She received hemodialysis, lowering ammonia to 133 μg/dl, but a rapid rebound to 843 μg/dl prompted institution of ARG therapy, 4 mM/kg/d as 5% ARG-HCl. This lowered ammonia to normal concentrations for the remainder of the hospitalization, at a plasma ARG concentration of 360 μM. At 20 months she is profoundly retarded, cannot sit or stand, and functions at a 3 month level. The second case was diagnosed antenatally by the presence of ASA in amniotic fluid. A male child, delivered at 32 weeks, began receiving ARG therapy at 32 hours of age when the plasma ammonia had increased to 196 μg/dl. ARG, at the same dose, produced a plasma ARG concentration of 184 μM and successfully prevented hyperammonemia. At four months of age his neurologic examination is normal and his development is age-appropriate. Both children have been maintained on a protein-restricted diet supplemented with oral arginine and ornithine acetate, providing 2 mM/kg/d of each.
Ictal asystole: an indication for pacemaker implantation and emerging cause of sudden death.

Ictal asystole is being recognized as a potential mechanism of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). We report a case of a patient without known cardiac disease presenting with ictal asystole resulting in syncope, trauma, and need for pacemaker implantation. The management of ictal asystole is also briefly reviewed. This case is notable for the asystolic episode wholly captured on video-electroencephalogram/electrocardiogram, the serious risk of trauma and death posed to the patient, and its implications for the mechanism of ictal asystole. This report will alert physicians to the possibility of ictal arrhythmias as a cause of syncope and SUDEP in vulnerable patients. (PACE 2011; 1–4)
Algebraic Methods in Unstable Homotopy Theory: Differential homological algebra of classifying spaces

This chapter completes the presentation of differential homological algebra which was started in Chapter 10. Following the presentation of Moore in the Cartan seminar, we show how the homology of a topological group determines the homology of its classifying space. This leads to the first quadrant Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence which has also gone by a variety of other names, for example, the Milnor–Moore spectral sequence or the Rothenberg–Steenrod spectral sequence. We try to emphasize the fact that the spectral sequence is a secondary object which comes from a chain model of the classifying space. Unfortunately, this approach is not as successful here as it was with the applications in Chapter 11 of the second quadrant Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence. For example, the Borel transgression theorem requires the use of the spectral sequence. The algebra of this first quadrant Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence is based on the fact that the normalized chains of a topological group form a differential Hopf algebra. The second quadrant Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence was based on the fact that the normalized chains on a topological space form an associative differential coalgebra. In the case of the second quadrant Eilenberg–Moore models, the dominant algebraic structure is the structure of an associative algebra in differential Cotor. In the case of the first quadrant Eilenberg–Moore models to be studied here, the dominant algebraic structure is that of an associative coalgebra in differential Tor.
Actin Activation of Heavy Meromyosin Adenosine Triphosphatase DEPENDENCE ON ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE AND ACTIN CONCENTRATIONS

Abstract Actin activation of the ATPase activity of heavy meromyosin, a tryptic digestion product of myosin, was studied over a wide range of actin and ATP concentrations with creatine kinase and creatine phosphate added to hold the ATP concentration constant. Double reciprocal plots of ATPase against ATP concentration at varied actin concentration and of ATPase against actin concentration at varied ATP concentration were linear, suggesting that the system obeys simple Michaelis kinetics. From extrapolation of these plots we found that not only does ATP increase the dissociation of actin from heavy meromyosin but, analogously, the Michaelis constant of the acto-heavy meromyosin ATPase is greater than that of the heavy meromyosin ATPase. However, whereas the dissociation of actin from the heavy meromyosin-ATP complex is markedly dependent on ionic strength, the Michaelis constant of the acto-heavy meromyosin ATPase shows no salt dependence whatever. These data have important implications for the kinetic model which we previously proposed for the actin-heavy meromyosin-ATP system.
Fluorescence changes induced by binding of 4-pyridoxic acid 5 -phosphate to proteins.

Abstract The affinity constant (Ka) and stoichiometry of binding of 4-pyridoxic acid 5'-phosphate (4-pyridoxic-5'-P) complexed to the protein bovine serum albumin and aspartate aminotransferase were investigated by fluorometric methods. Whereas bovine serum albumin binds 1 mole of 4-pyridoxic-5'-P per mole of protein with a Ka = 4.6 x 105 m-1, the enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, binds 2 moles of 4-pyridoxic-5'-P per mole of protein with a Ka = 1.3 x 106 m-1 at neutral pH. The spectroscopic properties (absorption and fluorescence spectra) of the complexes were examined over a wide range of pH values. At neutral pH, the formation of the 4-pyridoxic-5'-P bovine serum albumin complex causes the following spectroscopic changes in the ligand: (a) a red shift of 15 nm in the band position of the emission spectrum, (b) an increase in the degree of polarization of fluorescence (P = 0.32), (c) an enhancement of the fluorescence lifetime (τ = 12 ns), and (d) a small blue shift of approximately 2 nm in the band position of the absorption spectrum. In contrast to the protein bovine serum albumin, the apotransaminase causes a blue shift of approximately 10 nm in the band position of the emission spectrum and a concurrent decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield of the ligand (q = 0.05). No change in the band position of the absorption spectrum of the complexed ligand was detected. The fluorescence changes observed in 4-pyridoxic-5'-P bound to the aminotransferase can be correlated with the deprotonation of the pyridine nitrogen atom as a result of its interaction with an amino acid residue at the binding site.
FUSE: a different approach to lowering cost

The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) is a NASA mission presently in hardware development which will extend the high resolution spectroscopic analysis of astronomical radiation from the short wavelength cutoff of the Hubble Space Telescope down to the Lyman limit at 912 /spl Aring/. With the continuing funding restrictions in the NASA budget, the feasibility of this project was threatened by the estimated cost. This paper presents the approaches which led to a more than fifty percent reduction in cost. First, the team prioritized the science goals, identifying the properties of the instrument essential for mission success. Second, the principal investigator was given responsibility/authority for all segments of the mission except launch. Third, the technical approach utilized industrial capabilities acid "off the shelf" designs as much as possible while the management approach emphasized a fast track schedule, delegation of responsibility to the subsystem level and a fixed cost cap for each subsystem with the understanding that requirements would be traded to stay within budget.
Mode Shapes for Wind Turbine Vibration Analysis

Presentation d'une equation pour le calcul de la deflexion d'une aube d'aerogenerateur, utilisee en phase de conception. Comparaison avec les resultats obtenus par une analyse par elements finis
Experimental Model Determination for Neurocontrol of a Thermal Conduction System

Recently a synthesis methodology for the infinite time optimal neurocontrollers for partial differential equations systems in the framework of adaptive-critic design has been developed. The adaptive-critic approach is applied to a thermal conduction system. The experimental setup representing a one-dimensional heat conduction problem developed by matching the experimental and simulation results using a tridiagonal-matrix algorithm is presented. The discrete domain forms of the state, the costate and the optimal control equations are derived using the distributed parameter model of the system. The synthesis is introduced of an adaptive-critic-based infinite time optimal neurocontroller for online temperature profile control. The representative states of the system for training the networks was generated using Fourier series-based smooth states profile algorithm. Finally, the action network is implemented for temperature profile control of the experimental setup.