cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the involvement of doctor of pharmacy students in research and scholarship projects.

Abstract Introduction The study objective was to determine factors that stimulate or hinder student pharmacist participation in research and scholarship, to determine factors faculty believe are motivators or barriers for student pharmacist participation, and to compare student and faculty responses. Methods An electronic questionnaire was developed and emailed to all students enrolled in the doctor of pharmacy program and to all program faculty. To increase response rate, students were provided class time to complete the survey. Responses were collected anonymously. Results A total of 404 students (69% response rate) and 35 faculty (78% response rate) participated. Motivational factors rated highly by both students and faculty were interest in the topic, comfort level in working with faculty, energetic quality of faculty, and becoming more competitive for post-graduate training. Students indicated that projects benefiting the profession/medical community was an important motivator, while faculty believed that pursuing a position that requires research/scholarship was a key motivational factor. The most highly rated barrier was lack of time. Conclusions Student pharmacist participation in research and scholarship with faculty is variable in our program and little was known previously about factors that led student pharmacists to engage in research and scholarship. There was general agreement among student and faculty regarding several motivating factors; however, some important differences did exist. Addressing these differences may help increase student involvement in research and scholarship in the future.
High-power narrow spectrum GaSb-based DBR lasers emitting near 2.1 µm

Stable high-power narrow-linewidth operation of the 2.05-2.1 µm GaSb-based diode lasers was achieved by utilizing the sixth-order surface-etched distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors. The DBR multimode devices with 100 µm wide ridge waveguides generated ∼850mW in the continuous wave (CW) regime at 20°C. The device CW output power was limited by thermal rollover. The laser emission spectrum was defined by Bragg reflector reflectivity at all operating currents in a wide temperature range. The devices operated at DBR line with detuning from gain peak exceeding 10 meV.
Ptolemy, Claudius Ca. 87–100 to 161–180 AD

Claudius Ptolemy, known in Arabic as Batlamyus, بطلمیوس, was one of the most influential scientists of his time who made significant contributions to several fields including mathematics, geography, astronomy, astrology, and literature. His name is a mixture of the Greek Egyptian “Ptolemy” and the Roman “Claudius.” The name Claudius indicates he lived under the Roman rule in Egypt, likely with the privileges and political rights of Roman citizenship. The name would have been taken by the first in Ptolemy’s ancestry whom was granted citizenship, or himself, and if as was common, this was the Roman emperor Claudius, and it would be dated between AD 41 and 68 [1].
Associations of somatic depressive symptoms with food attentional bias and eating behaviors.

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) – whose key features include the reversed somatic symptoms of hyperphagia (increased appetite) and hypersomnia (increased sleep) – is a stronger predictor of future obesity than other MDD subtypes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. The present study sought to elucidate whether the individual symptoms of hyperphagia, hypersomnia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep have differential relationships with food attentional bias, emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating. This cross-sectional laboratory study involved 103 young adults without obesity (mean age = 20 years, 79% female, 26% non-White, mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2). We measured total depressive symptom severity and individual symptoms of hyperphagia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20 (SCL-20) and added an item to assess hypersomnia; food attentional bias using a Food Stroop task; and self-reported eating behaviors using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Hyperphagia was positively associated with emotional eating but negatively associated with food attentional bias. Hypersomnia was negatively associated with emotional eating. Poor appetite was negatively associated with emotional eating. Disturbed sleep was positively associated with food attentional bias and emotional eating. An aggregate of the remaining 15 depressive symptoms (SCL-15) was positively associated with emotional and restrained eating. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the direction of somatic depressive symptoms, and they set the stage for future research to identify subgroups of people with depression at greatest risk for obesity (e.g., those with hyperphagia and/or disturbed sleep) and the mechanisms responsible for this elevated risk (e.g., emotional eating).
Performing social media analytics with Brandwatch for Classrooms: a platform review

As consumer’s consumption of digital media and usage of social media platforms continues to grow, businesses have been searching for new ways to track, analyze, and measure this online consumer behavior to support a diverse set of business functions such as marketing, customer support, and customer experience management. Given the heightened interest in social media analytics in the business community, educational institutions have also been interested in identifying new ways to introduce emerging social media analytics concepts and practices to their students. One category of social technologies that is specifically used to perform this type of analysis is social listening platforms. Brandwatch (recently acquired by Cision Ltd.) has created one of the leading social listening platforms. They also offer a version of this platform for educators named Brandwatch for Classrooms. This article provides an overview of the key features and capabilities of the Brandwatch for Classrooms platform, as well as numerous suggestions for incorporating the platform in marketing analytics undergraduate and graduate courses. The goal is to provide educators with practical information about social media analytics and guidance on successfully integrating social listening platforms in their course design.
Isoelectronic wavelength calculations for argon spectra /Research note/.

A recent comprehensive set of isoelectronic calculations based on the data of Kelly (1968) has yielded two argon wavelengths that correspond with two of the unidentified wavelengths reported by Connerade et al. (1971) and a third wavelength which supports an uncertain identification. The observed and the interpolated wavelengths are presented in a table together with their identifications, and information concerning the interpolations.
A New Interleukin-13 Amino-Coated Gadolinium Metallofullerene Nanoparticle for Targeted MRI Detection of Glioblastoma Tumor Cells.

The development of new nanoparticles as next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic (“theranostic”) drug platforms is an active area of both chemistry and cancer research. Although numerous gadolinium (Gd) containing metallofullerenes as diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have been reported, the metallofullerene cage surface, in most cases, consists of negatively charged carboxyl or hydroxyl groups that limit attractive forces with the cellular surface. It has been reported that nanoparticles with a positive charge will bind more efficiently to negatively charged phospholipid bilayer cellular surfaces, and will more readily undergo endocytosis. In this paper, we report the preparation of a new functionalized trimetallic nitride template endohedral metallofullerene (TNT EMF), Gd3N@C80(OH)x(NH2)y, with a cage surface bearing positively charged amino groups (−NH3+) and directly compare it with a similar carboxyl and hydroxyl functionalized derivative. This new nanoparticle was charact...
Waves in Two Dimensions

The analysis of frames, in a way, provided an extension of the one-dimensional analysis to multiple dimensions. By facilitating the description of multiple connected members, it allowed a global analysis. The waves in each case are confined to the waveguide and remain one dimensional — only the frame members were multidimensional. Of interest in this chapter is another form of multidimensionality where the medium itself can support a multidimensional wave. The two particular examples considered are that of in-plane waves and flexural waves in flat plates. These, respectively, are the two-dimensional equivalents of waves in rods and beams. They will also help in the understanding of the reduction of the general theory to the simpler one-dimensional waveguides.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate neurite outgrowth in the dopaminergic MN9D cell line.

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) exert biological effects and are in clinical use to facilitate bone repair and wound healing. Research has demonstrated that PEMF can induce signaling molecules and growth factors, molecules that play important roles in neuronal differentiation. Here, we tested the effects of a low-amplitude, nonthermal, pulsed radiofrequency signal on morphological neuronal differentiation in MN9D, a dopaminergic cell line. Cells were plated in medium with 10% fetal calf serum. After 1 day, medium was replaced with serum-containing medium, serum-free medium, or medium supplemented with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Bt2cAMP), a cAMP analog known to induce neurite outgrowth. Cultures were divided into groups and treated with PEMF signals for either 30 min per day or continuously for 15 min every hour for 3 days. Both serum withdrawal and Bt2cAMP significantly increased neurite length. PEMF treatment similarly increased neurite length under both serum-free and serum-supplemented conditions, although to a lesser degree in the presence of serum, when continuous treatments had greater effects. PEMF signals also increased cell body width, indicating neuronal maturation, and decreased protein content, suggesting that this treatment was antimitotic, an effect reversed by the inhibitor of cAMP formation dideoxyadenosine. Bt2cAMP and PEMF effects were not additive, suggesting that neurite elongation was achieved through a common pathway. PEMF signals increased cAMP levels from 3 to 5 hr after treatment, supporting this mechanism of action. Although neuritogenesis is considered a developmental process, it may also represent the plasticity required to form and maintain synaptic connections throughout life. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anharmonic effects on the resonance line shape of 238U in UO2—III: Cubic, quartic and thermal effects of the phonon shifts and widths on the resonance line shape

The purpose of this paper is to present the results obtained by applying six different models to the formalism of the line shapes of 238U in UO2 developed in the first two papers of this series. These models will increase in complexity, starting from the Maxwell gas treatment, to the harmonic approach for the crystal, the quasi-harmonic model and finally to the totally anharmonic treatment of the crystal, where the peaked unperturbed phonon frequencies wKj of the crystal will be broadened, due to the phonon widths ГKj, and the positions will be shifted, due to the phonon shifts ΔKj from their unperturbed value. The phonon widths and shifts will occur if the cubic and quartic terms are retained in the expansion of the crystal's potential energy in powers of the displacements of the atoms from their equilibrium positions. The line shapes for 238U, based on the anharmonic model, were calculated for the three resonances of 6.65, 80.360 and 787.58 eV at 300, 1200 and 1800 K. It was found that the maximum difference between the line shapes, based on the Maxwell and anharmonic models, occurred in the wings of the resonances. Differences of 12.06, 35.87 and 82.43% were found for the 6.65, 80.36 and 787.58 eV resonances, respectively, at 300 K. These results show that anharmonic effects produce more self-shielding and consequently lower effective capture cross sections in 238U. This, in turn, should lead to better agreement between experiments and calculations of reactor safety parameters. The results for the different models also showed that only the fully anharmonic model is capable of producing less Doppler broadened line shapes, which in turn pointed to the necessity of including anharmonicities in the form of the cubic phonon widths ГKj, and the cubic ΔKj, quartic ΔKj and thermal ΔKj phonon shifts.
Ecological Inference: New Methodological Strategies

Introduction: information in ecological inference: an introduction Gary King, Ori Rosen and Martin A. Tanner Part I: 1. Prior and likelihood choices in the analysis of ecological data Jonathan C. Wakefield 2. Information in aggregate data David G. Steel, Eric J. Beh and Raymond Lourenco Chambers 3. Using ecological inference for contextual research: when aggregation bias is the solution as well as the problem D. Stephen Voss Part II: 4. Extending King's ecological inference model to multiple elections using Markov chain Monte Carlo Jeffry B. Lewis 5. Ecological regression and ecological inference Bernard Grofman and Samuel Merrill 6. Using prior information to aid ecological inference: a Bayesian approach J. Kevin Corder and Christina Wolbrecht 7. An information theoretic approach to ecological estimation and inference George G. Judge, Douglas J. Miller and Wendy K. Tam Cho 8. Ecological panel inference from repeated cross sections Rob Eisinga, Ben Pelzer and Philip Hans B. F. Franses Part III: 9. Multi-party split-ticket voting estimation as an ecological inference problem Kenneth R. Benoit, Michael Laver and Daniela Giannetti 10. Ecological inference in the presence of temporal dependence Kevin M. Quinn 11. A spatial view of the ecological inference problem Carol A. Gotway and Linda J. Young 12. Places and relationships in ecological inference: uncovering contextual effects through a geographically weighted autoregressive model Ernesto Calvo and Marcelo Escolar 13. Ecological inference incorporating spatial dependence Sebastien Haneuse and Jonathan C. Wakefield Part IV: 14. A common framework for ecological inference in epidemiology, political science and sociology Ruth E. Salway and Jonathan C. Wakefield 15. A structured comparison of the Goodman regression, the truncated normal, and the binomial-beta hierarchical methods for ecological inference Rogerio Silva de Mattos and Alvaro Veiga 16. A comparison of the numerical properties of ei methods Micah Altman, Jeff Gill and Michael P. McDonald.
Technological Expeditions and Cognitive Indolence [Last Word]

Explores the concept of cognitive indolence and assesses the implications for critical thinking and the outcome of results.
The effects of treatment exposure on prison misconduct for female prisoners with substance use, mental health, and co-occurring disorders

Inmates with mental health and co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders present difficult challenges for correctional institutions and treatment providers. The complex nature of co-occurring disorders further exacerbates these difficulties and is associated with poor treatment compliance and increased likelihood of engaging in institutional misconduct. The current study examines whether exposure to prison-based treatment reduces involvement in prison misconduct among a sample of female prison inmates controlling for disorder types (i.e. mental health disorder only, substance use disorder only, and co-occurring mental and substance use disorders). Findings revealed that with exposure of more than 181 days of treatment, the odds of misconduct involvement among females with co-occurring disorders more than doubled compared to receiving no treatment. This finding is at odds with treatment retention literature that suggests that a minimum period of time in treatment is needed to affect post-treat...
Sol-gel derived PbTio3-polymer piezoelectric composites

Abstract Amorphous lead titanate powder was prepared using a sol-gel process. The powder was fired to temperatures ranging from 500°C to 1200°C and soaked for various lengths of time. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the fired powders were tetragonal PbTiO3. Surface area measurements indicated that the specific surface area of the powder decreased with increasing heat treatment. The powders were mixed with Eccogel polymer to make composites in which the ceramic phase constituted 60 percent by volume. Piezoelectric coefficients were found to be greatest for those composites containing powder fired to 1100°C and soaked for 1 hour. The dhgh value obtained for this heat treatment was 540×10−15m2N−1.
Comparative effectiveness of propranolol and botulinum for the treatment of essential voice tremor.

Objectives/hypothesis To assess the comparative effectiveness of botulinum toxin and propranolol in patients with essential vocal tremor (EVT). Study design Individual prospective cohort study. Methods Study patients were recruited at the Emory Voice Center from patients seeking treatment for EVT. Exclusion criteria included current β-blocker treatment, spasmodic dysphonia, or other disease that prevented the use of propranolol therapy. A 10-week washout period from prior botulinum toxin treatment occurred before enrollment. Patients were assessed via the Voice-Related Quality-Of-Life (VRQOL) questionnaire, Quality of life in Essential Tremor questionnaire, and blinded perceptual voice assessment. These assessments were made at baseline voice 2 weeks after propranolol therapy and 4 weeks after botulinum toxin injection. Results Eighteen patients were enrolled. After 2 to 4 weeks of propranolol therapy (with a maximum dosage of 60 mg to 90 mg per day), patients report an average ΔVRQOL of 9.31. Six patients report significant VRQOL improvement >10, with the rest reporting changes between -7.5 and 7.5. Fifteen patients were followed for at least 4 weeks after botulinum toxin injection, reporting an average improvement in scaled VRQOL of 22.00. Blinded perceptual voice assessment demonstrates an improvement in overall severity of tremor with botulinum toxin. Conclusions In some patients with EVT, propranolol led to significant vocal improvement with no major side effects. Although botulinum toxin remains the gold-standard therapy for patients with EVT, propranolol represents a possible alternative or adjuvant therapy for certain patients.
Mutations in Nu1, the gene encoding the small subunit of bacteriophage lambda terminase, suppress the postcleavage DNA packaging defect of cosB mutations.

The linear double-stranded DNA molecules in lambda virions are generated by nicking of concatemeric intracellular DNA by terminase, the lambda DNA packaging enzyme. Staggered nicks are introduced at cosN to generate the cohesive ends of virion DNA. After nicking, the cohesive ends are separated by terminase; terminase bound to the left end of the DNA to be packaged then binds the empty protein shell, i.e., the prohead, and translocation of DNA into the prohead occurs. cosB, a site adjacent to cosN, is a terminase binding site. cosB facilitates the rate and fidelity of the cosN cleavage reaction by serving as an anchoring point for gpNu1, the small subunit of terminase. cosB is also crucial for the formation of a stable terminase-DNA complex, called complex I, formed after cosN cleavage. The role of complex I is to bind the prohead. Mutations in cosB affect both cosB functions, causing mild defects in cosN cleavage and severe packaging defects. The lethal cosB R3- R2- R1- mutation contains a transition mutation in each of the three gpNu1 binding sites of cosB. Pseudorevertants of lambda cosB R3- R2- R1- DNA contain suppressor mutations affecting gpNu1. Results of experiments that show that two such suppressors, Nu1ms1 and Nu1ms3, do not suppress the mild cosN cleavage defect caused by the cosB R3- R2- R1- mutation but strongly suppress the DNA packaging defect are presented. It is proposed that the suppressing terminases, unlike the wild-type enzyme, are able to assemble a stable complex I with cosB R3- R2- R1- DNA. Observations on the adenosine triphosphatase activities and protease susceptibilities of gpNu1 of the Nu1ms1 and Nu1ms3 terminases indicate that the conformation of gpNu1 is altered in the suppressing terminases.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation for stored VBR video in ATM end systems

The paper introduces a scheme for delivery of variable bit-rate (VBR) coded video from a video server over ATM networks. To solve the problem of long term variations in bandwidth requirements, a dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme is proposed. This is based on renegotiation of bandwidth during the duration of the call.
Coherence and Divergence of Megatrends in Science and Engineering

Scientific discoveries and technological innovations are at the core of human endeavor, and it is estimated that their role will only increase in time. Such advancements evolve in coherence, with areas of confluence and temporary divergences, which bring synergism and that stimulate further developments following in average an exponential growth. Six increasingly interconnected megatrends are perceived as dominating the scene for the next decades: (a) information and computing, (b) nanoscale science and engineering (S&E), (c) biology and bio-environmental approaches, (d) medical sciences and enhancing human physical capabilities, (e) cognitive sciences and enhancing intellectual abilities, and (f) collective behavior and system approach.
Redundancy and syntax-late approaches in introductory programming courses

This paper examines the impact on students of a redundant presentation of fundamental constructs (e.g. variables, data types, conditional, loops, etc) paired with the deferring of syntactical aspects exposure. This case study is based on the offerings of an undergraduate introductory programming course using the Java language for a fundamentals-first approach. We discuss several published approaches which have been successful in handling Java's less novice-friendly syntactical aspects and compare them to the idea of redundant introduction to essential programming constructs. We then present observations about the effect of our approach based on student data collected using various instruments; peer learning forums posts and statistics on students' syntactical errors.
Pork with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers LDL cholesterol in women

Background: Animal products contribute significantly to the saturated fat and cholesterol content of the American diet. Contrary to dietary advice, consumers have not limited their consumption of animal products. Thus, an alternative approach might be to modify the fatty acid composition of animal products. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that modified pork with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a low content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) would lower plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations in women. Design: Twenty women aged 19-24 y completed a crossover study with 2 diets. Nutritionally complete diets containing 42% of energy from fat differed only in the inclusion of either standard or modified pork. Venous blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Results: The diet containing modified pork significantly lowered total plasma (P < 0.0076) and LDL (P < 0.0382) cholesterol. The modified diet also resulted in an increase in the PUFA and a decrease in the SFA and monounsaturated fatty acid contents of the cholesteryl ester, free fatty acid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol lipid classes in both plasma and erythrocytes. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, and free fatty acids did not change significantly. Conclusions: Consumption of pork with a high PUFA content resulted in a decrease in the subjects' total plasma and LDL cholesterol and shifted the fatty acid composition from SFAs to PUFAs in the plasma and erythrocytes. Modification of the fatty acid composition of animal foods will be a useful approach to lowering the saturated fat consumption of Americans.
Potential for evolutionary coupling and decoupling of larval and adult immune gene expression

Almost all studies of the immune system of animals with metamorphosis have focused on either larval or on adult immunity, implicitly assuming that these traits are either perfectly correlated or evolutionarily independent. In this study, we use 80 crosses among 21 Drosophila melanogaster lines to investigate the degree and constancy of genetic correlation in immune system activity between larvae and adults. The constitutive transcription of Diptericin, a gene encoding a defensive antimicrobial peptide, was controlled by the same genetic factors in larvae and adults, with variation in expression determined exclusively by nonadditive genetic effects. This contrasted with another peptide-encoding gene, Drosomycin, in which larval transcription was highly variable and determined by additive effects but adult transcription genetically invariant. We found no evidence for a fitness cost to the transcription of these genes in our study. The shared genetic control of larval and adult Diptericin transcription stands in contrast to predictions of the adaptive decoupling hypothesis, which states that distinct life-stages should permit the independent evolution of larval and adult phenotypes. Importantly, genetic correlations between larval and adult immunities imply that parasite pressure on one life-stage can drive the evolution of immunity (and resistance) in the other life-stage.
Global optimization of a quadratic functional with quadratic equality constraints

In this paper, we investigate a constrained optimization problem with a quadratic cost functional and two quadratic equality constraints. While it is obvious that, for a nonempty constraint set, there exists a global minimum cost, a method to determine if a given local solution yields the global minimum cost has not been established. We develop a necessary and sufficient condition that will guarantee that solutions of the optimization problem yield the global minimum cost. This constrained optimization problem occurs naturally in the computation of the phase margin for multivariable control systems. Our results guarantee that numerical routines can be developed that will converge to the global solution for the phase margin.
Engineering protein orientation at surfaces to control macromolecular recognition events.

In this report we demonstrate that heterologous protein-protein interactions can be controlled at an immobilization surface by genetically engineering an appropriately de novo designed attachment point on the protein surface
Opinions of professional buyers toward organic produce: A case study of mid-Atlantic market for fresh tomatoes

A survey of professional tomato buyers indicated that handlers and nonhandlers of organic tomatoes had common perceptions of the organic market and its limitations. Both groups identified the following factors as constraining the organic market: low demands by consumers and retailers, uncertainties about organic labeling, short supplies of organics, and the discard rate of organics. However, handlers and nonhandlers differed in their opinions about quality consistency and appearance. As the buyers' preferences for organic tomatoes increased, the importance of shelf life, discard rate, quality consistency, and appearance in constraining the organic market lessened. The survey also showed that nonhandlers would pay substantially less for organic tomatoes than for conventional tomatoes, even when all other attributes were the same. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SMALL-SCALE RABBIT MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE : BACK TO BASICS ?

In the Western Hemisphere, in countries where the demand for rabbit meat is low, and where intensive livestock production systems are common (e.g., commercial broiler, swine, and cattle production), it may not be appropriate for rabbit scientists to recommend commercial rabbit production. Commercial-scale rabbit operations might only be justified, at best, when located in proximity to processing plants and(or) to large cities where there is a strong tradition of rabbit meat consumption. The high cost of producing rabbits translates into high consumer prices, which tends to limit sales to that of a luxury or specialty commodity. An alternative, "back to basics" approach is to recommend small-scale or backyard rabbit enterprises. There are a number of clear advantages to this approach. Such a down-scaled unit could represent a more favorable "economy of scale" of production. Generally, feed costs could be reduced through the utilization of homegrown or less expensive feedstuffs, labor could be shared among family members, and less expensive housing and equipment would be needed. Although productivity may decline, economic retums may exceed costs at a higher rate than for commercial operations. In addition to family consumption, local meat sales could become mote competitive because of lower costs of processing and transportation, especially if there are no rabbit meat inspection laws. Small-scale rabbit production would also support integrative practices (e.g., gardening and vermiculture) and potential local markets for rabbit meat and by­products (e.g., tanned skins and rabbit manure as "organic fertilizer''), which could supplement farm revenue. In addition, there are opportunities to develop poor communities through small-scale rabbit projects. This paper propases a "cottage industry'' model of rabbit micro-enterprise development to secure food and economic stability for rural-based small farm families throughout the Western Hemisphere, and to improve the image of rabbit production as a viable activity.
Evaluating bacterial community structures in oil collected from the sea surface and sediment in the northern Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Bacterial community structures were evaluated in oil samples using culture-independent pyrosequencing, including oil mousses collected on sea surface and salt marshes during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and oil deposited in sediments adjacent to the wellhead 1 year after the spill. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Erythrobacter, Rhodovulum, Stappia, and Thalassospira of Alphaproteobacteria were the prevailing groups in the oil mousses, which may relate to high temperatures and strong irradiance in surface Gulf waters. In the mousse collected from the leaves of Spartina alterniflora, Vibrio of Gammaproteobacteria represented 57% of the total operational taxonomic units, suggesting that this indigenous genus is particularly responsive to the oil contamination in salt marshes. The bacterial communities in oil-contaminated sediments were highly diversified. The relatively high abundance of the Methylococcus, Methylobacter, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chlorofexi bacteria resembles those found in certain cold-seep sediments with gas hydrates. Bacterial communities in the overlying water of the oil-contaminated sediment were dominated by Ralstonia of Betaproteobacteria, which can degrade small aromatics, and Saccharophagus degradans of Gammaproteobacteria, a cellulose degrader, suggesting that overlying water was affected by the oil-contaminated sediments, possibly due to the dissolution of small aromatics and biosurfactants produced during biodegradation. Overall, these results provided key information needed to evaluate oil degradation in the region and develop future bioremediation strategies.
Information systems for sustainable competitive advantage

Abstract There has been an increase in the attention paid to the strategic potential of information systems and a new willingness to accept the possibility that information systems can be the source of strategic gains. This belief is reflected in a host of publications, from the popular press to respected journals. Much of this has been supported by a very limited set of prominent and well publicized success stories, principally involving marketing and distribution, financial services, and the airlines. Unfortunately, there has been little attempt at an analysis that abstracts from these experiences to determine factors that determine strategic success. This can be attributed in part to the absence of attention paid to unsuccessful ventures in the use of information technology for competitive advantage. Although this paper relies on the same anecdotes, it augments them with data on a few unsuccessful attempts to exploit information technology and with economic theory where appropriate. General conditions that appear necessary for sustainable competitive advantage are developed.
Molecular dynamics simulations of rate-dependent grain growth during the surface indentation of nanocrystalline nickel

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are leveraged in this study to explore rate-dependent grain growth and deformation in nanocrystalline nickel due to surface indentation at room temperature. A 50 nm thin film with approximately 700 grains is indented with a 15 nm spherical indenter at rates of 0.2 m/s, 1.0 m/s, and 5.0 m/s. We simulate the indentation, hold, and removal of the indenter, as well as compute grain growth and distribution profiles during microstructure deformation. Novel algorithms are also developed in this work to accurately distinguish individual grains and provide quantitative data for the evolution of the microstructure. Results of the simulations show that lattice deformation mechanisms, such as dislocation slip and twinning, that accompany grain growth are also functions of indentation rate and equilibration time. This work shows that grain growth in this nanocrystalline nickel structure is indeed rate-dependent, and is most prominent for grains near the indentation surface during both the hold and removal of the indenter.
The performance of density functional methods for the description of weak interaction potentials. The torsional potential of butane

The torsional potential about the central C-C bond in n-butane was investigated as a test case to probe the capability of d. functional methods for the description of weak interaction potentials. Calcns. were performed within the local d. approxn. as well as with gradient cor. models. Apart from a slight underestn. of the gauche-trans energy difference (DEGT = 0.4-0.5 kcal/mol) the local d. approxn. generates a potential energy surface in excellent agreement with the most elaborate correlated quantum-chem. methods currently available. The inclusion of gradient corrections compensates the underestn. of the gauche-trans energy difference (DEGT = 0.8-0.9 kcal/mol). [on SciFinder (R)]
Dealing with Uncertainty in Diffusion Tensor MR Data

This paper explains how radio frequency (RF) background noise produces uncertainty in measured diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) data, how this noise can be modeled, and how its effects can be mitigated. DT-MRI data are derived from a series of magnitude diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in which RF noise is rectified. A new Gaussian distribution is proposed that describes the vari- ability of the estimated diffusion tensor, D, in an ideal experiment in which RF noise is the only artifact present. We show how to improve the design of DT-MRI experiments by requiring that the statistical distribution of D be independent of the laboratory coordinate system. Non-parametric empirical methods of analyzing un- certainty in DT-MRI experiments are also described. Monte Carlo simulations are useful in designing and interpreting DT-MRI experiments. Bootstrap methods help us measure the true variability of D (and quantities derived from it), and assess the quality of DT-MRI data. Matrix Perturbation techniques predict how the uncertainty in D propagates to its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. A method for obtaining a continuous diffusion tensor field from the measured discrete noisy DT-MRI data also reduces the uncertainty of D and quantities derived from it. Finally, we describe schemes that use wavelets to remove noise from DWI and DT-MRI data while preserving boundaries between different tissue regions. Collectively, these paramet- ric and nonparametric methods provide a unified statistical framework to improve the design of DT-MRI experiments and their subsequent analysis.
Clinical Evaluation of An Inexpensive Ultrasound Oculometer for Ocular Biometry

We measured anterior chamber depth and axial length in 200 human eyes with the Echo-Oculometer and the Digital Biometric Ruler. There was good agreement between measurements with the two instruments. The echo-Oculometer is much less expensive than any other instrument available for measuring ocular axial length and satisfactorily provides information for calculation of power of intraocular lenses.
Abstract 2062: Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase A1 (Pin1) is modified by lipid electrophiles generated during oxidative stress

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Oxidation of membrane phospholipids is associated with inflammation and cancer. Phospholipid peroxidation results in the production of reactive electrophiles that adduct proteins and modulate their function. 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a common product of oxidative damage to lipids, adducts proteins at exposed Cys, His, or Lys residues. Here, we provide evidence that peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase A1 (Pin1), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pSer/pThr-Pro moieties in signaling proteins from cis to trans, is highly susceptible to HNE-modification. Incubation of purified Pin1 with HNE followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry revealed that the most reactive amino acids are His-157 and Cys-113, both of which are active site residues. Pin1 was adducted in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with 8-alkynyl-HNE as judged by click chemistry conjugation with biotin followed by streptavidin-based pulldown and western blotting with anti-Pin1 antibody. siRNA knockdown of Pin1 in MDA-MB-231 cells partially protected the cells from HNE-induced toxicity. Recent studies indicate that Pin1 is an important molecular target for the chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols. The present study establishes that it is also a target for electrophilic modification by products of lipid peroxidation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2062. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2062
STUDIES ON AROMA OF CURED HAM

SUMMARY Cured and uncured hams, raw, cooked or cooked-smoked, were analyzed for free amino acids. A number of amino acids decreased on curing. Total free amino acid concentration increased on cooking-slightly in uncured hams and to a much larger extent in cured hams. Smoking resulted in negligible change in total amino acid concentration of hams, although a number of individual amino acids were affected. Aqueous extracts and diffusates of cured and uncured hams were differentiated by a trained panel on the basis of aromas produced on heating. Smoke aroma could be detected in cured smoked samples but only with difficulty, if at all, in uncured smoked samples. Precursors of basic meaty aroma are water extractable from all hams examined, whereas components or precursors of cured and smoky aroma may be extracted from hams with chloroform-methanol. Gas chromatography of volatiles developed on heating of ham diffusates and lipid extracts was carried out and the odors of the components separated were observed. Some variations among the patterns of volatiles from the 6 types of hams studied were observed, but no single component had a meaty or cured aroma.
Kinetics of capillary wetting in nanoporous films in the presence of surface evaporation

A liquid in contact with a nanoporous Au film forms a halo of constant width around the droplet. Due to the large surface area-to-volume ratio, one would expect either complete wetting or rejection of the liquid. Instead, a stable halo width is observed, depending on pore size, void fraction, film thickness, and the liquid. This is due to competition between capillary flow and evaporation through the surface of the nanoporous film. A theory is presented that predicts the halo width from the film geometry and liquid properties. Without adjustable parameters, the theory is in good agreement with experimental results.
Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Mysterious Pre-Main-Sequence Binary System T Tauri S

We obtained new near-infrared images of the prototypical pre-main-sequence triple system T Tau, as well as the first resolved medium-resolution spectra of the close pair T Tau S. At the time of our observations, the tight binary had a 13 AU projected separation and showed significant motion since its discovery 3 yr before. The orbit cannot be strongly constrained yet, but the observed motion of T Tau Sb with respect to T Tau Sa suggests that the system is at least as massive as T Tau N itself. This may indicate that T Tau N is not the most massive star in the system. The spectrum of T Tau Sa, which is totally featureless except for a strong Brγ emission line, identifies this component with the "infrared companion," whose exact nature remains obscure but may be the consequence of its being the most massive component of the system. Contrasting sharply with T Tau Sa, the spectrum of T Tau Sb shows numerous photospheric features consistent with an early-M spectral type. The presence of a strong Brγ emission line and of a significant veiling continuum classifies this object as a deeply embedded T Tauri star. From these observations, we conclude that both components of T Tau S are embedded in their own dense circumstellar cocoons of material, which are probably fed by a much more extended structure.
Tolerance to ethanol-induced impairment of water escape in rats bred for ethanol sensitivity.

Rats selectively bred for ethanol (EtOH)-induced reductions in locomotor activity (‘least affected’ = LA; ‘most affected’ = MA) showed a reversed order of sensitivity (i.e., LA more sensitive) to EtOH-induced (1.75 g/kg, IP) impairment of swimming. Thirty days of daily EtOH intubation began the next day, starting at 3.5 g/kg for 4 days, and increasing by 0.5 g/kg after 4 days at each dose, until 6.0 and 6.5 g/kg were given for 5 days each. Subjects were retested on the swim task (1.75 g/kg, IP) following 10, 20, and 30 days of chronic EtOH, and at 10, 20, and 30 days after cessation of EtOH treatment. Rats of each line and sex showed progressively decreasing peak impairment during the chronic treatment period; impairment increased toward initial levels during the post-treatment period. LA rats were more impaired than MA rats prior to, throughout, and subsequent to the chronic treatment period; a significant positive correlation between initial impairment and impairment after 30 days of chronic EtOH was found. No line differences in rates of tolerance acquisition or loss, or in final levels of tolerance as indicated by post-treatment impairment relative to initial impairment were observed. The similarity of the dynamics of EtOH tolerance in rats selectively bred for sensitivity to its acute effects suggests independent genetic influences upon initial ethanol sensitivity as opposed to acquired ethanol tolerance.
A TSD determination of a DL using two-point tactual stimuli applied to the back

A signal-detection (TSD) approach was used to determine a difference limen (DL) for supraliminal two-point tactual stimuli applied to the back. Using a standard stimulus of 80 mm, the DL for four male Ss appeared to lie between 10–15 mm. This DL was larger than one previously reported for the dorsal forearm, in harmony with the fact that the two-point threshold is larger for the back than for the forearm.
Progress in the design and realization of an electrically small Huygens source

In this paper, we describe our progress to date in the design and realization of an electrically small Huygens source. We begin discussing work by Yaghjian that predicts the maximum directivity achievable with single and dual Huygens sources. Here, we attempt to realize the Huygens source utilizing electrically small electric and magnetic dipoles. Using straight-wire dipole and circular-loop elements, we demonstrate that the directivities predicted by Yaghjian can be achieved with the single and dual Huygens sources. Next, we attempt to realize the Huygens source using recently described, more practical electrically small electric and magnetic dipoles. In free space, these antennas are impedance matched to 50 Ohms and exhibit a quality factor (Q) that approaches the lower bound (the Chu limit). When used in the realization of a Huygens source, these antennas no longer exhibit matched impedances nor low Q's. The limitations that arise in realizing the Huygens source are discussed.
Far-infrared study of free carriers and the plasmon-phonon interaction in CdTe

The reflectivity of $n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{CdTe}$ has been measured between 16 and 203 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at room temperature. The single-crystal samples had carrier concentrations $N$ between 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{16}$ and 1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The data could be fitted by using classical lattice theory and Drude-type free-carrier theory with an energy-independent scattering time. The values of $N$ and mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}$ obtained from the fits agreed reasonably well with Hall and resistivity values. The agreement was not improved by the introduction of an energy-dependent scattering time for either polar-mode or ionized-impurity scattering. The plasmon-phonon minima were observed and their frequencies were found to be strongly influenced by $\ensuremath{\mu}$ as well as by $N$. The optical lattice parameters were determined as follows: ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{s}=10.2$, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}=7.1$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{t}=141$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=8.7$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. These results agree well with previous measurements.
Susceptibility of a reactivated memory to the effects of strychnine: A time-dependent phenomenon

Abstract It was demonstrated in Experiment 1 that the administration of strychnine following memory reactivation results in facilitated retention. Furthermore, this facilitation was shown to decrease as the interval between reactivation and the drug treatment was increased. The retrograde facilitation gradient found in Experiment 1 was shown to have a much shorter duration than the gradient produced by injecting strychnine at various intervals after original learning (Experiment 2). The possibility that reactivation and new learning initiate similar types of memory processing was discussed.
A test of faith in God and treatment: The relationship of belief in God to psychiatric treatment outcomes

Abstract Background Belief in God is very common and tied to mental health/illness in the general population, yet its relevance to psychiatric patients has not been adequately studied. We examined relationships between belief in God and treatment outcomes, and identified mediating mechanisms. Methods We conducted a prospective study with n=159 patients in a day-treatment program at an academic psychiatric hospital. Belief in God, treatment credibility/expectancy, emotion regulation and congregational support were assessed prior to treatment. Primary outcomes were treatment response as well as degree of reduction in depression over treatment. Secondary outcomes were improvements in psychological well-being and reduction in self-harm. Results Belief in God was significantly higher among treatment responders than non-responders F(1,114)=4.81, p Conclusions Belief in God, but not religious affiliation, was associated with better treatment outcomes. With respect to depression, this relationship was mediated by belief in the credibility of treatment and expectations for treatment gains.