cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
School Counselor Involvement In Partnerships With Families Of Color: A Social Cognitive Perspective

School-family partnerships facilitate the academic and personal success of all students. Whereas forming these partnerships are a component of school counselor identity, school counselors are commonly unprepared to form and maintain such relationships. Additionally, shifting racial demographics within K-12 schools call for culturally responsive partnership-building, as the majority of school counselors continue to belong to the dominant culture. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of school counselors as it relates to involvement in partnerships with families of color. Using a social cognitive theoretical framework, this study solicited a national sample of 155 practicing school counselors to examine self-efficacy, multicultural competence, and environment with regards to forming these diverse partnerships. The School Counselor Self-Efficacy (SCSE) scale, the Multicultural Counseling Competence and Training Survey-Revised (MCCTS-R), and a modified version of the School Counselor Involvement in Partnerships Survey (SCIPS) were used to examine these characteristics. The results of this study indicated significantly positive relationships between self-efficacy, multicultural competence, and involvement in partnerships with families of color. However, only self-efficacy as it relates specifically to partnerships and multicultural knowledge served as significant predictors of involvement in these partnerships. Further, receiving previous coursework in multicultural counseling or family-related content did not make any significant
New frontiers in heart transplantation. Clinical applications of basic research and new surgical approaches.

Heart transplantation remains one of the most remarkable achievements in modern medicine. Initially considered experimental, heart transplantation is now an established therapy for a variety of end-stage cardiac diseases. Over the last 10 years, the results of heart transplantation have continued to improvebecause of better patient selection, surgical techniques, immunosuppression, and postoperative care. Further advances will occur because of better management of right-sided heart dysfunction and newer immunosuppressive modalities. In addition, xenografts will address the critical donor shortage that exists in the United States, and in the future, mechanical assist devices will become available as an alternative to heart transplantation.
Biomass conversion to bio-oil using sub-critical water: Study of model compounds for food processing waste

Abstract The hydrothermal conversions of three model compounds—starch, bovine serum albumin and linoleic acid—and their binary and ternary mixtures were evaluated. Batch experiments were operated at 250–350 °C, 5–20 MPa for 10–60 min. Bio-oil produced from sugars, proteins and their mixtures contained ∼70% carbon and ∼15% oxygen (w/w) with higher heating values than those of the substrates. When treated individually, bio-oil yields showed the following behavior: lipids > sugars > proteins. Dehydration and condensation reactions among intermediates were hypothesized to enhance the production of bio-oil via the hydrothermal conversion of sugar and lipid mixtures. The ternary mixtures (sugar + oil + protein) exhibit the best performance for bio-oil production, likely due to similar chemical reactions, catalyzed by alkalinity from protein degradation. Results of this study demonstrate that the bio-oil yields for hydrothermal liquefaction of sugars, proteins and lipids may be maximized by selective design of feedstock composition.
Social Protection of ATO Participants and Members of their Families in Modern Conditions of Development Risks of Ukraine

Social protection of ATO participants and members of their families in modern conditions of development risks of Ukraine
At Light Speed: Advances in Optogenetic Systems for Regulating Cell Signaling and Behavior

Cells are bombarded by extrinsic signals that dynamically change in time and space. Such dynamic variations can exert profound effects on behaviors, including cellular signaling, organismal development, stem cell differentiation, normal tissue function, and disease processes such as cancer. Although classical genetic tools are well suited to introduce binary perturbations, new approaches have been necessary to investigate how dynamic signal variation may regulate cell behavior. This fundamental question is increasingly being addressed with optogenetics, a field focused on engineering and harnessing light-sensitive proteins to interface with cellular signaling pathways. Channelrhodopsins initially defined optogenetics; however, through recent use of light-responsive proteins with myriad spectral and functional properties, practical applications of optogenetics currently encompass cell signaling, subcellular localization, and gene regulation. Now, important questions regarding signal integration within bran...
CTLA4 and CD47 combinational therapy to extend survival in melanoma.

e21025Background: Irradiation (IR) combined with chemotherapy is the post-surgical standard of care treatment for melanoma, but metastasis still results in high mortality rates. Immune checkpoint i...
Eliciting Values Reflections by Engaging Privacy Futures Using Design Workbooks

Although "privacy by design" (PBD)?embedding privacy protections into products during design, rather than retroactively?uses the term "design" to recognize how technical design choices implement and settle policy, design approaches and methodologies are largely absent from PBD conversations. Critical, speculative, and value-centered design approaches can be used to elicit reflections on relevant social values early in product development, and are a natural fit for PBD and necessary to achieve PBD's goal. Bringing these together, we present a case study using a design workbook of speculative design fictions as a values elicitation tool. Originally used as a reflective tool among a research group, we transformed the workbook into artifacts to share as values elicitation tools in interviews with graduate students training as future technology professionals. We discuss how these design artifacts surface contextual, socially-oriented understandings of privacy, and their potential utility in relationship to other values levers.
Multidisciplinary Role of Microfluidics for Biomedical and Diagnostic Applications: Biomedical Microfluidic Devices

Life scientists are closely working with engineers to solve biological and biomedical problems through the application of engineering tools.[...].
Refusals/Withdrawals and Physician-Assisted Suicide

In Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide, Gerald Dworkin and I set out a case in favor of physician-assisted suicide (PAS), and Sissela Bok a case against it (Dworkin, Frey and Bok, 1998). The tactic that Dworkin and I employ is to show that several important arguments in the arsenal of those who oppose physician-assisted suicide do not work, and we seek especially to explore and rebut arguments that purport to find a moral asymmetry in intention and/or causality between refusal/withdrawal of treatment and assisted dying. I want here to return and give more detailed attention to an issue of causality in a particular kind of withdrawal case that has come to figure prominently in discussions of physician-assisted suicide, namely, cases of withdrawal of food and hydration.
Google Trends as a Resource for Informing Plastic Surgery Marketing Decisions.

Celebrities have long influenced the medical decisions of the general population. By analyzing Google search data using Google Trends, we measured the impact of highly publicized plastic surgery-related events on the interest level of the general population in specific search terms. Additionally, we investigated seasonal and geographic trends around interest in rhinoplasties, which is information that physicians and small surgical centers can use to optimize marketing decisions. Google Trends was used to access search data histories for three separate areas of interest: Kylie Jenner and lip fillers, Joan Rivers and plastic surgery, and rhinoplasty, which were then analyzed using two-tailed, two-sample equal variance t-tests. The average interest level in fillers increased by 30.31 points after Kylie Jenner announced that she received Juvederm lip injections. The interest level in plastic surgery was decreased by 21.3% the month after Joan Rivers’ death. Between January 2004 and May 2017, the average interest level for rhinoplasty was significantly different in January/December (67.91 ± 20.68) and June/July (70.12 ± 18.89) from the remaining calendar months (63.58 ± 19.67). Los Angeles, New York City, and Miami showed consistently high interest levels throughout the time period, while Tulsa, OK, showed a major interest increase between 2015 to 2016 of 65 points. A noticeable impact was observed in both celebrity cases on search term volume, and a seasonal effect is apparent for rhinoplasty searches. As many surgeons already employ aggressive Internet marketing strategies, understanding and utilizing these trends could help optimize their investments, increase social engagement, and increase practice awareness by potential patients. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
The Origin of Amphikinesis in Lizards

Very many vertebrate animals possess a skull structure that allows movements between the upper jaw and the braincase. A fabulous variety of structural arrangements underlie this capacity, and no successful, all-inclusive classification of these mechanisms seems to exist. Out of this structural variety, however, one definable category, “cranial kinesis,” seems acceptable to many functional morphologists. Cranial kinesis was defined by Versluys (1910, 1912) as the condition in which relative movement between upper jaw and braincase is effected by a hingelike axis that lies transversely across the skull roof.
Development of a risk prediction model for hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection in patients receiving systemic antibiotics

Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is recognized as a significant challenge in health care. Identification of high-risk individuals is essential for the development of CDI prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to develop an easily implementable risk prediction model for hospital-onset CDI in patients receiving systemic antimicrobials. Methods This retrospective, case-control, multicenter study included adult patients admitted to Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center and Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center from July 1, 2015, to July 1, 2017, who received systemic antibiotics. Cases were subjects with hospital-onset CDI; controls were subjects without a CDI diagnosis. Cases were matched 1:1 with controls by admitted medical unit type. Variables significantly associated with CDI were incorporated into a multivariate analysis. A logistic regression model was used to formulate a point-based risk prediction model. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined at various point cutoffs of the model. A receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve was created to assess the discrimination of the model. Results A total of 200 subjects (100 cases and 100 controls) were included. Most patients were Caucasian and female. Risk factors for CDI identified and incorporated into the model included age ≥70 years (adjusted odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.43; P = .0326) and recent hospitalization in the past 90 days (adjusted odds ratio, 3.55; 95% confidence interval 1.90-6.83; P Discussion We developed a simple-to-implement hospital-onset CDI risk model that included only independent risks that can be obtained immediately on presentation to the health care facility. Despite this, the model had fair discriminatory power. Similar risk factors were found in previously developed models; however, the utility of these models is limited owing to the difficulty of assessing other included risk factors and the inclusion of risk factors that cannot be evaluated until the patient is discharged from the health care facility. Conclusions Identification of hospitalized patients who are receiving systemic antibiotics, are ≥70 years old, and were recently admitted to the hospital in the past 90 days may allow for an easily implementable hospital-onset CDI risk prevention strategy.
The Birth of the Movement to Prohibit the Unauthorized Practice of Law

Drawing on original historical research, this article provides the most comprehensive view to date of the birth of the modern movement to prohibit the unauthorized practice of law. Focusing on the work of bar associations in Illinois and New York in the late 1800s and early 1900s, this article chronicles how newly formed bar associations began to curb the unauthorized practice of law. Their efforts eventually led to a well-established state constitutional law principle that state courts, not state legislatures, have the power to define the practice of law and who can practice law. This power currently has a significant impact on exploring alternative ways to increase access to justice. Unlike other areas, such as health care, state legislatures cannot create new categories of licensed professionals to provide legal services in order to increase access to legal services. At the time that bar associations began to address the unauthorized practice of law, this exclusive power of state courts was not well-established. In fact, as the research in this article demonstrates, early bar associations initially saw state legislatures as appropriate partners to define the practice of law and help them curb the unauthorized practice of law. The exclusion of legislatures came later. Examining this history raises the question of whether the exclusion of legislatures is mandated by separation of powers, or whether they were excluded because, pragmatically, courts were a better partner for promoting lawyers’ self-interests. If the latter, then the current power of the state courts can and may become an artifact of history.
Adaptive capacity to climate change: A synthesis of concepts, methods, and findings in a fragmented field

Adaptive capacity is an important element of long‐term adaptation to climate change and is the focus of a rapidly growing body of research. Interdisciplinary growth has the potential to introduce new methods and insights, but it could also cause fragmentation and hamper methodological development or limit transfer of academic insights to climate change adaptation practice. This article uses qualitative content, bibliometric, and citation network analyses to systematically review the scope, methods, and findings of 276 studies on adaptive capacity of social and social‐ecological systems. The review demonstrates that adaptive capacity research is highly interdisciplinary; covers a wide range of sectors, geographic locations, and scales of analysis; and is highly fragmented. The majority of empirical studies are isolated by lack of comparative work and cross‐field citation. Forty‐six percent of studies reviewed do not cite prior works on adaptive capacity: even those on similar topics in the same geographic location. Methods to assess adaptive capacity have proliferated to include more than 64 indicator‐based indices or frameworks and 37 proxy outcome measures. The article argues that lack of either consensus or debate across the literature raises concerns that scientific progress in the field may be constrained and the ability of adaptive capacity research to inform adaptation practice may be limited. To promote consistency and transparency in future work, 158 determinants of adaptive capacity are defined and illustrated with common assessment indicators and examples. Additional opportunities for progress are noted with suggestions for future research. This article is categorized under: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Book Review: Udo Moenig. 2016. Taekwondo: From a Martial Art to a Martial Sport. London and New York: Routledge. 230 pages. $40 USD (paperback)

A review of Udo Moenig's (2016) Taekwondo: From a Martial Art to a Martial Sport. Moenig synthesizes the available literature in Taekwondo studies to dispel popular myths about the art's origins in order to navigate towards an argument for Taekwondo's future as a combat sport.
Glottic Carcinoma in Young Patients

Introduction:Recent reported evidence indicates that vocal cord carcinoma is evolving similarly to oropharyngeal cancer with an increasing number of patients without a smoking history having human ...
Have Yourself a Swingin’ Little Christmas: 27 Jazz and R&B Chestnuts for Your Holiday Season

Big Band swing sounds buoyed America’s spirits during the Great Depression and throughout the Second World War as well. This rhythmic, syncopated music was so dominant during the 1940s that Duke El...
Moral injury, coherence, and spiritual repair

In the PTSD literature, moral injury represents dissonance between a person’s beliefs about how they and the world should function, and the trauma event(s) they experienced. Given the association o...
Evaluation of qSOFA as a Predictor of Mortality Among ICU Patients With Positive Clinical Cultures-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective:To compare the discriminative value of the quick-sequential organ failure assessment score (qSOFA) to SOFA in a critically ill population, in which a microbial pathogen was isolated withi...
Predicting the Understandability of Imperfect English Captions for People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has seen major advancements in its accuracy and speed in recent years, making it a possible mechanism for supporting communication between people who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) and their hearing peers. However, state-of-the-art ASR technology is still imperfect in many realistic settings. Researchers who evaluate ASR performance often focus on improving the Word Error Rate (WER) metric, but it has been found to have little correlation with human-subject performance for many applications. This article describes and evaluates several new captioning-focused evaluation metrics for predicting the impact of ASR errors on the understandability of automatically generated captions for people who are DHH. Through experimental studies with DHH users, we have found that our new metric (based on word-importance and semantic-difference scoring) is more closely correlated with DHH user's judgements of caption quality—as compared to pre-existing metrics for ASR evaluation.
A MAPP Network Case-control Study of Urological Chronic Pelvic Pain Compared With Nonurological Pain Conditions.

OBJECTIVES Limited research suggests commonalities between urological chronic pelvic pain syndromes (UCPPS) and other nonurological chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome. The goal of this case-control study was to examine similarities and differences between UCPPS and these other COPCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS As part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Research (MAPP) Network, we examined 1039 individuals with UCPPS (n=424), nonurological COPCs (n=200), and healthy controls (HCs; n=415). Validated standardized measures were used to assess urological symptoms, nonurological pain symptoms, and psychosocial symptoms and traits. RESULTS Participants with UCPPS had more urological symptoms than nonurological COPCs or HCs (P<0.001); nonurological COPC group also had significantly worse urological symptoms than HCs (P<0.001). Participants with nonurological COPCs reported more widespread pain than those with UCPPS (P<0.001), yet both groups had similarly increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, negative affect, perceived stress, neuroticism, and lower levels of extraversion than HCs (P<0.001). Participants with UCPPS with and without COPCs reported more catastrophizing than those with nonurological COPCs (P<0.001). DISCUSSION Findings are consistent with the hypothesis of common underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms and can guide the comprehensive assessment and treatment of these conditions regardless of the primary site of pain or diagnosis. Heightened catastrophizing in UCPPS should be examined to inform psychosocial interventions and improve patient care.
Pediatric ulcerative colitis: three- versus two-stage colectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Despite advancements in medical therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC), a significant proportion of children progress to colectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Procedural related complications between two- and three-stage operations in children have not been well described. We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent a colectomy for UC or inflammatory bowel disease unclassified between 2008 and 2018. Forty-nine children underwent an IPAA at the time of colectomy (two stage) or during a subsequent operation (three stage). Preoperative hemoglobin and albumin concentrations were lower among those undergoing three-stage procedures. The rate of early complications (≤30 days) was similar between the two groups (p = 0.46); however, late complications (>30 days) were more commonly associated with three-stage procedures (p = 0.03). Time with a stoma was 3.2 months longer among those who underwent a three-stage procedure. While three-stage procedures were more often performed during the first half of the study period (2008–2012), two-stage procedures became more common during the second half (2013–2018). During this transition to favor two-stage procedures, complication rates did not significantly change. Although three-stage procedures were thought to be associated with fewer complications, we found comparable complication rates as we transition to two-stage procedures.
Unified Foothold Selection and Motion Planning for Legged Systems in Real-Time

This work presents a novel architecture that unifies footstep planning, motion planning, and online feedback control for legged robots moving through complex environments. Our approach contrasts related prior works that treat planning and control as separate components in a hierarchical framework (first plan, then control). Though prior works have demonstrated success, existing state-of-the-art planning and control architectures for legged robots quickly become brittle in highly uncertain environments due to an inherent inability to dynamically and decisively react to unplanned events. To address this, this work presents a novel framework that uses modeling and analysis tools from the hybrid systems and nonlinear control communities to reformulate planning footsteps and dynamic trajectories as well as deriving closed-loop controllers as a single trajectory optimization problem. By combining these previously disparate steps we empirically show that we can remove much of complexity that underlies the hierarchical decision posed by conventional approaches, making it possible to dynamically and safely react to large external disturbances in sub-real-time. We present results that highlight the reactive and robust nature of the unified framework developed.
Additively Manufactured Robust Microfluidics via Silver Clay Extrusion

We report novel, low-cost, high-temperature compatible, high-pressure compatible, and chemically resistant additively manufactured microfluidics. The devices were monolithically fabricated by extruding silver clay with a fused filament fabrication 3D printer frame fitted with a syringe extruder, followed by annealing at 885 °C in air. Analysis of the printable feedstock shows that the green material is an alloy composed of silver and copper microparticles blended with an organic binder matrix, while analysis of printed and annealed samples shows that the material is completely free of binder and compatible with at least 800 °C operation. Characterization of the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of printed and annealed structures yields values close to those of bulk sterling silver, except for a significantly smaller Young’s modulus. Metrology of test structures evidences linearity between printed dimensions and computer-aided design values. Layers as thin as $150~\mu \text{m}$ and working, watertight closed channels as narrow as $200~\mu \text{m}$ were consistently resolved. A proof-of-concept microfluidic that catalytically decomposes hydrogen peroxide was designed, fabricated, and characterized; the experimental performance of the catalytic microreactor is in agreement with reduced-order modeling. [2019-0267]
Solution, solid-phase, and fluorous-phase synthesis of carbohydrates and production of carbohydrate microarrays

ix CHAPTER 1. General introduction 1 Dissertation organization 1 Importance of carbohydrates 3 Iterative chemical oligosaccharide synthesis 3 Glycosylating agents 4 Linker design 6 Supporting groups 8 Analytical tools for reaction monitoring 10 Carbohydrate microarray formation 11 Enzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates 14 Sugar nucleotidyltransferases 14 Glycosyltransferases 15 Strategies for the synthesis of sugar nucleotides 16 Glycomimetics: Enhancing carbohydrate stability 17 Strategies for the synthesis of carbasugars 17 Strategies for the synthesis of C-glycosides 19 References 19 28 28 29 30 34 35 43 CHAPTER 3. Strategies for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of deoxysugar nucleotides: substrate binding versus catalysis 47 Abstract 47 Introduction 48 Results and discussion 50 CHAPTER 2. Fluorous-based carbohydrate microarrays Abstract Introduction Results and discussion Conclusion Experimental section References
Non-Hermitian plasmonic antennas and waveguides: Superradiant and dark states

Abstract One-dimensional structures of non-Hermitian plasmonic metallic nanospheres are studied in this paper. For a single sphere, solving Maxwell's equations results in quasi-stationary eigenmodes with complex quantized frequencies. Coupled mode theory is employed in order to study more complex structures. The similarity between the coupled mode equations and the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians governing open quantum systems allows us to translate a series of collective phenomenon emerging in condensed matter and nuclear physics to the system of plasmonic spheres. A nontrivial physics emerges as a result of strong non-radiative near field coupling between adjacent spheres. For a system of two identical spheres, this occurs when the width of the plasmonic resonance of the uncoupled spheres is twice the imaginary component of the coupling constant. The two spheres then become coupled through a single continuum channel and the effect of coherent interaction between the spheres becomes noticeable. The eigenmodes of the system fall into two distinct categories: superradiant states with enhanced radiation and dark states with no radiation. The transmission through one-dimensional chains with an arbitrary number of spheres is also considered within the effective Hamiltonian framework which allows us to calculate observables such as the scattering and transmission amplitudes. This nano-scale waveguide can undergo an additional superradiance phase transition through its coupling to the external world. It is shown that perfect transmission takes place when the superradiance condition is satisfied.
“Confidence” problems and literacy coaching: How a suburban kindergarten divided “good” and “bad” teachers in the accountability shove-down:

This paper explores the context of a Kindergarten team in a suburban P-3 school in Wisconsin developing literacy coaching support. Facing recent neoliberal accountability reforms that have greatly ...
Effects of randomly distributed defects on Mode-I interlaminar fracture of composite materials

Abstract Effects of defects on the mode-I interlaminar fracture behavior of composite materials are studied using computational fracture mechanics. Cohesive-zone Finite Element (FE) models of both the Interlaminar Tension (ILT) and Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test configurations are simulated where randomly distributed defects are explicitly modeled on a critical fracture plane. The effective interlaminar tensile strength and the effective mode-I fracture energy are derived by matching the simulation results with appropriate homogenized models that do not consider the defects explicitly. The results from the computational parametric studies show that both the effective ILT strength and the effective mode-I fracture energy are quite sensitive to defects, scaling linearly with the defect area fraction on the critical fracture plane. The effects of defect size on the mode-I fracture behavior are also studied. It is shown that, for a fixed area fraction of the defects, the ILT strength is not sensitive to the defect size. On the other hand, the mode-I fracture propagation behavior is sensitive to the defect size especially when the defect size is greater than the fracture process-zone size of the delamination crack.
The retention benefits of cumulative versus non-cumulative midterms in introductory biology may depend on students’ reasoning skills

Assessment has long played an important role as a measurement tool of student mastery over course content. However, testing has also been shown to be an effective learning tool. Cumulative testing, in which all material from the entire learning period is covered, has been assumed to be effective, yet few studies have explicitly tested its effectiveness compared to non-cumulative testing. Studies in psychology and mathematics courses suggest that cumulative final exams increase long-term retention of information, and cumulative testing during the semester can increase cumulative final exam performance and long-term retention. Because frequent testing has also been shown to increase student learning, the purpose of this quasi-experimental study is to investigate the effects of cumulative versus non-cumulative midterms on student learning in a course that uses frequent assessment. In this study, one section of an introductory biology course for non-majors was given seven cumulative midterms, with about half of the questions drawn from previous units and the rest covering the current unit. The other section was given seven non-cumulative midterms that focused on current material while other course characteristics were held constant. Student performance on a common, cumulative final exam and a retention exam five months later were compared. Midterm format had no effect on final exam performance, contradicting the few studies done in psychology and mathematics courses. Thus, there may be no additional benefit of cumulative testing if exams are given frequently. Cumulative midterms appeared to increase retention after five months, but only for students who entered the course with low reasoning skills. Interestingly, students with high reasoning skills appeared to retain more from the course if they were given non-cumulative midterms. Possible explanations and ideas for future research are discussed.
Probing the Energy Gaps of a Multi-Gap Superconductor: Ba(1-x)KxFe2As2

In order to spectroscopically probe the superconducting energy gap of potassium-doped Ba122 iron pnictides, in particular Ba(1-x)KxFe2As2 where x = 0.33 (under-doped regime), we have performed four-wire conductance measurements from T = 2K to 52K. We report evidence for multi-gap features with gaps corresponding to directional tunneling through the ab- axes of this iron pnictide. The multi-gap features a predominant result of tunneling across the ab- plane with gaps of Δ1 = 2-4 meV and Δ2 = 9-11 meV. These gap values are temperature dependent.
Norton Desktop for Windows 2.0: An Illustrated Tutorial

Based on the Norton Utilities for DOS, Norton Desktop combines programme-launching features that are better than Windows' with a collection for file management and disk maintenance utilities, all in one easy-to-use, inexpensive product. More than just a quick-reference guide to programme commands, "Norton Desktop for Windows 2.0" effectively translates the Norton manual into plain language, so that new users can uncover the full power of the utilities. This illustrated tutorial describes each programme library in detail, so readers can get the results they want quickly and without the frustrations that usually plague Windows users. Evans not only shows how to optimize the Norton Desktop utilities, he also demonstrates the use of Norton Disk Doctor and Norton Backup.
Verantwortung und Aufgaben von Universitäten als Institutionen in der Zivilgesellschaft im 21. Jahrhundert

Die Ansichten in Bezug auf ihrer Aufgaben, so kann man mit Sicherheit sagen, sind gegenwartig verschieden. Ein transparenter, systematischer, ubergreifender und umfassender Austausch ist aber notwendig, will die Universitat als Institutioin fur die Zivilgesellschaft im 21. Jahrhundert wirken.
Aerobic Fitness and Concussion Outcomes in High School Football

The purpose of this study was to provide an initial examination of the effects of aerobic fitness and concussion history on concussion risk, symptoms and neurocognitive impairment, and recovery in high school football players. Participants (N=158) completed estimated VO2 max and baseline neurocognitive tests (i.e., ImPACT). Concussed athletes completed ImPACT 24–72 hours post-injury, and again every 48–72 hours until they were asymptomatic or returned to baseline levels. Twenty-three players incurred concussions. The concussion incidence rate was 2.63/1000 exposures. Initial on-field assessments of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) corresponded to post-concussion symptoms and neurocognitive declines on ImPACT. Previously concussed athletes were 3.71 times more likely to be concussed than those with no concussion history. A trend indicated that athletes low in aerobic fitness might be at greater risk (OR = 1.80) for concussion than those high in aerobic fitness. Aerobic fitness and history of concussion were not related to concussion symptoms and neurocognitive impairment. Athletes with no history of concussion and those initially evaluated with PTA recovered faster than those with a history of concussion and those initially evaluated without PTA. A trend suggested that high aerobic fitness might be related to faster recovery times.
The Hemostatic Defect of Chronic Liver Disease: Kinetic Studies Using 75Se-Selenomethionine

Abstract With the use of cohort labeling with 75 Se-selenomethionine, simultaneous platelet, fibrinogen, and plasminogen survival studies were carried out in B patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease and in 5 normal subjects. Clinical features, liver function tests, coagulation and fibrinolytic system activities, and platelet function were also assessed. On the basis of platelet survival, the patients could be divided into two groups. Three patients had shortened platelet survival; they were all thrombocytopenic and had greater prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) than the other 5 patients. However, platelet turnover was decreased in all the patients, and there was no difference between the two groups with regard to fibrinogen or plasminogen survival nor in the in vitro evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Fibrinogen survival was increased in 5 of the 8 patients. Plasminogen survival was normal in 6 patients and prolonged in 2 patients with very low plasminogen levels. The absence of increased fibrinogen turnover in the patients studied indicates that the abnormalities in coagulation tests were not due to consumption coagulopathy. The authors' studies suggest that, at least for patients with chronic stable alcoholic liver disease, the concept that the coagulopathy of liver disease is due to increased utilization of clotting factors should be revised with caution.
A locally conservative mimetic least-squares finite element method for the stokes equations

Least-squares finite element methods (LSFEMs) for the incompressible Stokes equations that use nodal C0 elements conserve mass approximately This has led to the common and widespread misconception that LSFEMs are unable to provide the local conservation of their mixed cousins We develop a mimetic LSFEM for the Stokes equations that yields divergence-free velocity fields and satisfies a discrete momentum equation The LSFEM uses the velocity-vorticity-pressure Stokes equations, div-conforming elements for the velocity, curl-conforming elements for the vorticity and discontinuous elements for the pressure.
Enhanced bandwidth multi1ayer transducers for imaging applications

The operating frequency of the presently used PZT or PZT composite ultrasound imaging transducers is determined by the half wa vclength resonance or fundamental thickness mode of vibration. This resonance frequency together with the two quarter wavelength matching layers governs the bandwidth of the transducer and hence control the overall resolution capabilities of the imaging system. This paper describes a new generation of multilayer ultrasound imaging transducers which are intentionally designed for off-resonance operation. The design makes use of the exceptionally wideband properties of the thin PVDF polymer film and offers excellent resolution. Moreover, such non-resonant design allows transducer to produce an image at virtually and clinically relevant frequency and can provide resolution tailored to clinician's needs. In addition, the design examinad here offers pulse-echo sensitivity comparable to that achievable using PZT piezoceramic transducers. The design principle of the enhanced bandwidth transducer along with the transducer model specially developed to predict key electromechanical parameters of multilayer transducers is presented. These parameters include insertion loss, pulse-echo sensitivity, impulse response and electrical impedance. A few prototypes of this non-resonant tranducer design were built and tested. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with those obtained from the computer simulations. Fundamentallimitations of the design are pointed out and recommendations for future work are outlinad.
Specificity of Gβγ Signaling to Kir3 Channels Depends on the Helical Domain of Pertussis Toxin-sensitive Gα Subunits

Acetylcholine signaling through muscarinic type 2 receptors activates atrial G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir3) channels via the betagamma subunits of G proteins (Gbetagamma). Different combinations of recombinant Gbetagamma subunits have been shown to activate Kir3 channels in a similar manner. In native systems, however, only Gbetagamma subunits associated with the pertussis toxin-sensitive Galpha(i/o) subunits signal to K(+) channels. Additionally, in vitro binding experiments supported the notion that the C terminus of Kir3 channels interacts preferentially with Galpha(i) over Galpha(q). In this study we confirmed in two heterologous expression systems a preference of Galpha(i) over Galpha(q) in the activation of K(+) currents. To identify determinants of Gbetagamma signaling specificity, we first exchanged domains of Galpha(i) and Galpha(q) subunits responsible for receptor coupling selectivity and swapped their receptor coupling partners. Our results established that the G proteins, regardless of the receptor type to which they coupled, conferred specificity to Kir3 activation. We next tested signaling through chimeras between the Galpha(i) and Galpha(q) subunits in which the N terminus, the helical, or the GTPase domains of the Galpha subunits were exchanged. Our results revealed that the helical domain of Galpha(i) (residues 63-175) in the background of Galpha(q) could support Kir3 activation, whereas the reverse chimera could not. Moreover, the helical domain of the Galpha(i) subunit conferred "Galpha(i)-like" binding of the Kir3 C terminus to the Galpha(q) subunits that contained it. These results implicate the helical domain of Galpha(i) proteins as a critical determinant of Gbetagamma signaling specificity.
Estimating the Euro Effects on Trade with Propensity Score Matching

We investigate the effect of the euro on trade among EMU members. Using various semi-nonparametric methods based on matching, we find that the euro has a statistical and economic impact on trade. The results show that two countries sharing the euro currency trade somewhere between 9% and 14% more than other country-pairs. In addition, we find no evidence of trade diversion due to the euro.
Design of an ultra-portable field transfer radiometer supporting automated vicarious calibration

The University of Arizona Remote Sensing Group (RSG) began outfitting the radiometric calibration test site (RadCaTS) at Railroad Valley Nevada in 2004 for automated vicarious calibration of Earth-observing sensors. RadCaTS was upgraded to use RSG custom 8-band ground viewing radiometers (GVRs) beginning in 2011 and currently four GVRs are deployed providing an average reflectance for the test site. This measurement of ground reflectance is the most critical component of vicarious calibration using the reflectance-based method. In order to ensure the quality of these measurements, RSG has been exploring more efficient and accurate methods of on-site calibration evaluation. This work describes the design of, and initial results from, a small portable transfer radiometer for the purpose of GVR calibration validation on site. Prior to deployment, RSG uses high accuracy laboratory calibration methods in order to provide radiance calibrations with low uncertainties for each GVR. After deployment, a solar radiation based calibration has typically been used. The method is highly dependent on a clear, stable atmosphere, requires at least two people to perform, is time consuming in post processing, and is dependent on several large pieces of equipment. In order to provide more regular and more accurate calibration monitoring, the small portable transfer radiometer is designed for quick, one-person operation and on-site field calibration comparison results. The radiometer is also suited for laboratory calibration use and thus could be used as a transfer radiometer calibration standard for ground viewing radiometers of a RadCalNet site.
Comparison of Two Liquid Blood Culture Media Containing Sodium Polyanetholesulfonate: Tryptic Soy and Columbia

In a comparison of tryptic soy broth and Columbia broth, two blood culture media containing sodium polyanetholesulfonate, there were 589 positive cultures (excluding presumed contaminants). The two media were equivalent in performance except for lower detection rates for Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.01) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P = 0.05) and a higher detection rate for Bacillus (P < 0.01) in Columbia broth. No significant differences were noted in time intervals to detection of positivity. Routine subcultures on the 1st and 5th days of incubation provided the initial detection of 18.1% of the positive cultures.
Non-preemptive Fixed Priority Scheduling of Hard Real-Time Periodic Tasks

This paper addresses the problem of scheduling periodic tasks on a uniprocessor using static priority assignment without preemption. The problem of non-preemptive fixed priority scheduling has received little attention until recently, while real-life applications are often based on non-preemptive systems especially in case of embedded systems. In this paper, we show that Rate Monotonic priority assignment is optimal for non-preemptive scheduling when each task's relative deadline is equal to its period. We have derived a schedulability bound for non-preemptive Rate Monotonic scheduling by using period ratio of the tasks to provide a guarantee that tasks will meet their deadlines. Since the obtained bound is relatively small comparing with the preemptive scheduling, we also propose a method for designing high-utilization non-preemptive system to enhance the utilization bound.
Modeling the interactions between atomic force microscope tips and polymeric substrates

We use scaling theory to model the interactions between a layer of end-grafted polymers in a poor solvent and an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. We focus on two distinct types of interactions as the tip is brought in contact with the polymeric substrate. In the first case, the polymers preferentially wet the surface of the tip, whereas in the second case, chains form chemical bonds with sites on the tip surface. For both cases, we analyze the morphological changes and determine the force profiles when the tip is embedded in the polymer layer and subsequently drawn away from this interface. The profiles for both cases exhibit a plateau region, where the force does not depend on the degree to which the polymer layer is stretched or deformed. This plateau region is more pronounced in the case where the chains are chemically bound to the tip. The results are in agreement with recent AFM studies on a collapsed polymer layer and help rationalize the experimental findings. The results also provide useful insi...
Alterations in calcium, vitamin d, and parathyroid hormone physiology in normal men with aging: Relationship to the development of senile osteopenia

The effects of aging on calcium and bone metabolism have not been systematically examined in men. To identify age-related alterations in vitamin D and PTH physiology and to assess their impact on skeletal health, we studied 62 normal men, aged 30-92 yr. The men were in excellent health, and none had any evidence of metabolic bone disease and/or known risk factors for osteopenia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations declined steadily with advancing age (r = -0.47; P less than 0.001), and there was a corresponding decline in serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D] levels (r = -0.41; P less than 0.001). Serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations, however, did not vary over this age range (r = -0.07; P = NS). Plasma PTH levels increased with aging (r = -0.24; P less than 0.001), and there was a concomitant increase in urinary cAMP excretion (r = 0.38; P less than 0.001). Renal function (creatinine clearance) clearly declined with increasing age (r = -0.71; P less than 0.001). In conjunction with these changes in calcium metabolism, radial and vertebral bone mineral content declined. Whereas the fall in radial bone mineral content (single photon absorptiometry) at both proximal and distal sites was slight, there was a marked decrease in vertebral bone mineral content, as measured by quantitative computed tomography (r = -0.72; P less than 0.0001). The fall in vertebral bone mineral content correlated well with the declines in serum 25OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations (r = 0.47; P less than 0.001 and r = 0.51; P less than 0.001, respectively) and with the decline in renal function (r = 0.46; P less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the effects of aging on bone mineral content could be accounted for in large part by concomitant changes in mineral metabolism. Both the decline in renal function and the fall in serum 24,25-(OH)2D levels were closely associated with the fall in bone mineral content. These results indicate that a decline in renal function and alterations in vitamin D metabolism occur with aging in normal men. These changes contribute to, if not cause, the associated decline in skeletal mineral content in aging men.
Testing extreme ultraviolet optical systems at-wavelength with sub-angstrom accuracy

Achieving diffraction-limited performance from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical systems requires the development of interferometry with sub-angstrom accuracy. At-wave- length EUV testing with a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer is being developed for the measurement of lithographic quality, multiple-element, aspherical optical systems. Recent demonstrations of high-accuracy EUV interferometry, and progress in this field, have required detailed analysis and in situ calibration of systematic errors generated by the measurement geometry. The framework of this detailed analysis is presented along with recent measurements and a discussion of concomitant metrologies made available by the interferometer.