cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global gene expression profiling of androgen disruption in Qurt strain medaka.

Androgen disrupting chemicals (ADCs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that mimic or antagonize the effect of physiological androgens. Microarray-based detection of altered gene expression can be used as a biomarker of EDC exposure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and compare gene expression profiles of the androgen 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), the antiandrogen flutamide (FLU), and the antiandrogenic fungicide vinclozolin (VIN), on Qurt medaka (Oryzias latipes). Biologically effective concentrations for 11-KT (100 µg/L), VIN (100 µg/L), and FLU (1000 µg/L) determined in range-finding studies were used for exposures. The oligonucleotide microarray included 9379 probes for EDC-affected genes, medaka cDNAs, sequences from the medaka genome project, and the UniGene database. We found that treatment with FLU, VIN, and 11-KT caused significant (false discovery rate = 0.01) differential expression of at least 87, 82, and 578 genes, respectively. Two sets of responsive genes are assoc...
The influence of dissolved nutrients and particulate organic matter quality on microbial respiration and biomass in a forest stream

SUMMARY 1. Although dissolved nutrients and the quality of particulate organic matter (POM) influence microbial processes in aquatic systems, these factors have rarely been considered simultaneously. We manipulated dissolved nutrient concentrations and POM type in three contiguous reaches (reference, nitrogen, nitrogen + phosphorus) of a low nutrient, thirdorder stream at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (U.S.A). In each reach we placed species of leaves (mean C : N of 68 and C : P of 2284) and wood (mean C : N of 721 and C : P of 60 654) that differed in elemental composition. We measured the respiration and biomass of microbes associated with this POM before and after nutrient addition. 2. Before nutrient addition, microbial respiration rates and biomass were higher for leaves than for wood. Respiration rates of microbes associated with wood showed a larger response to increased dissolved nutrient concentrations than respiration rates of microbes associated with leaves, suggesting that the response of microbes to increased dissolved nutrients was influenced by the quality of their substrate. 3. Overall, dissolved nutrients had strong positive effects on microbial respiration and fungal, but not bacterial, biomass, indicating that microbial respiration and fungi were nutrient limited. The concentration of nitrate in the enriched reaches was within the range of natural variation in forest streams, suggesting that natural variation in nitrate among forest streams influences carbon mineralisation and fungal biomass.
Patient satisfaction and changes in prolapse and urinary symptoms in women who were fitted successfully with a pessary for pelvic organ prolapse.

Abstract Objective Our purpose was to estimate, in women after 2 months of pessary use, patient satisfaction and the percentage of prolapse and urinary symptoms that improve or worsen. Study design In a prospective study, 100 consecutive women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse were fitted with a pessary, and 73 women had a successful 2-week pessary fitting trial. Prolapse and urinary symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 2 months. Patient satisfaction was assessed at 2 months. Risk factors for patient dissatisfaction were assessed. Results Nearly all prolapse symptoms resolved from baseline to 2 months, respectively: bulge (90% to 3%; P P P =.003), and splinting (14% to 0%; P =.001). Among women with concurrent urinary symptoms at baseline, stress incontinence improved in 45%, urge incontinence improved in 46%, and voiding difficulty improved in 53%, after 2 months. However, among women without urinary symptoms at baseline, occult (de novo) stress incontinence occurred in 21%, de novo urge incontinence occurred in 6%, and de novo voiding difficulty occurred in 4%. At 2 months, 92% of the women were satisfied with their pessary. Six women (8%) were dissatisfied and discontinued use of the pessary. Dissatisfaction was associated with occult stress incontinence (odds ratio, 17.1; 95% CI, 1.9, 206; P =.004). Conclusion After 2 months, 92% of women with a successful pessary fitting trial were satisfied. Nearly all prolapse symptoms resolved after 2 months; 50% of urinary symptoms improved, but occult stress incontinence was a common side effect.
MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS OF PROOF: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Current mathematics education reforms devoted to reasoning and proof highlight its importance in pre-kindergarten through grade 12. In order to provide students with opportunities to experience and understand proof, mathematics teachers must have a solid understanding of proofs themselves. In light of this challenge, a growing number of researchers around the world have started to investigate mathematics teachers’ conceptions of proof; however, much more needs to be done. Drawing on lessons learned from research and curricular recommendations from around the world, the main purpose of this paper is to review the literature on elementary and secondary mathematics teachers’ conceptions of proof and discuss international implications.
Detection of oxygen (3P) atoms in pulsed vacuum UV photolysis of NO and its application to O atom reactions

Abstract Formation of O atoms by the pulsed vacuum UV photolysis of NO has been observed using the chemiluminescent reaction O + NO(+M) a NO * 2 (+M). With this method, absolute rate constants for the reactions O + NO + He a NO 2 + He and O + NO 2 a O 2 + NO were determined directly to be 6.7 × 10 −32 cm 6 molecule −2 sec −1 and 4.4 × 10 −12 cm 3 molecule −1 sec −1 by monitoring the O atom decays in the presence of large excess of reactants.
The potential effect of oceanic biological degradation on the lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br

We use a global, coupled, ocean-atmosphere box model to examine the potential effect that biological degradation and its distribution can have on the lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br. The results of this study show that both the value of the oceanic degradation rate constant and its geographic distribution are important in determining the calculated atmospheric lifetime. The best estimate of the partial lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br with respect to oceanic loss now comes to 1.8–1.9 y with a full possible range of 1.1–3.9 y, which, together with other, non-oceanic losses, yields a total atmospheric lifetime of 0.7 y (0.6–0.9 y). A subsequent revision of the budget for atmospheric CH3Br indicates that estimated sinks of CH3Br today exceed estimated sources by about 70 Gg y−1.
Simple Shear in Granular Media

The ring shear box is analyzed using an isotropic strain hardening/softening model for granular media, permitting an estimate to be made of the stresses developed under conditions of simple shear, at the critical void ratio. Observation of the radial stress on the inner or outer walls of the test chamber would provide a measure of the relative value of the otherwise unknown intermediate principal stress. In a series of five tests on a quartz sand, average pressures exerted by the sand on the outer wall of the test chamber reached well defined, repeatable levels. As interpreted by the theory, the tests showed that the intermediate principal stress was equal to the direct stress on the Coulomb friction planes during simple shear: (1 − sin φcv) σ1 = σ2 = (1 + sin φcv) σ3 where σ1 > σ2 > σ3 (compression positive), and φcv is the angle of internal friction at the critical void ratio, ie, during continuing displacement at constant volume. Similar observations are impossible for plane strain in general because displacement cannot be controlled so completely, but it is reasonable to conjecture that the same relationship holds for all such deformations, including those associated with the active and passive Rankine states.
Role of Neutrophil Apoptosis in Vanadium-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice

Pulmonary exposure to airborne vanadium and vanadium-containing compounds is associated with acute pulmonary inflammation, characterized by a rapid influx of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes with a peak response at 6 hours and resolution by 3 days. We hypothesized that neutrophil apoptosis is involved in the resolution of vanadium-induced lung inflammation. To test this hypothesis, mice were exposed to inspired vanadium or saline control and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were examined at various times for apoptosis using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Control mice showed only resident alveolar macrophages in the BAL with no evidence of apoptosis. In contrast, vanadium-treated mice showed clear apoptosis of BAL cells, which were predominantly neutrophils. The number of apoptotic cells gradually increased and reached a maximal level by 24 hours with subsequent decline. After 24 hours, when the vanadium-induced lung inflammation was in the resolution phase, we observed an increased number of alveolar macrophages in BAL and the engulfment of apoptotic bodies by these macrophages. At 72 hours, the total number of neutrophils in BAL fell to the baseline level, and the number of apoptotic cells was reduced. Clearance of the apoptotic product was demonstrated by the presence of apoptotic bodies in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages. We conclude that apoptosis of neutrophils and clearance by alveolar macrophages are important mechanisms in the resolution of vanadium-induced lung inflammation.
Sculpting the Family

In family sculpting the members of a family create a physical representation of their relationships at one point in time by arranging their bodies in space. The techniques, rationale, and uses of this method no described.
Verification and validation of Mars Science Laboratory surface system

This paper will discuss the system level verification and validation test program for the surface capability of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover. MSL has many similarities to its predecessors, the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity. However, Curiosity's diverse science payload, new sampling system, and overall scale led to new challenges in development and testing. The rover hardware and software were developed to allow certain functions to work in parallel to maximize the science that could be done each day on Mars. This led to complex behavioral interactions, which had to be tested and verified before they could be trusted. An incremental test program was developed that first exercised and verified individual functions and then validated system capabilities in mission-like scenarios. The plans, execution and results of these mission-like surface system tests will be presented.
Effect of vascular cannulation on serum concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin and cortisol in prepubertal gilts.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine whether cannulation of the jugular vein in gilts alters serum concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL) or cortisol (C). In Experiment 1, 12 crossbred prepubertal gilts weighing 95 ± 1.3 kg were immobilized by snaring, and tygon tubing was threaded into the anterior vena cava through a 12-gauge needle inserted into the jugular vein. Five hours later, blood samples were drawn at 20-min intervals for 4 h (Day 0). Samples were also drawn at 20-min intervals for 4-h periods 24 h (Day 1) and 48 h (Day 2) after cannulation. Serum concentrations of LH were similar (P=0.26) among Day 0 (0.40 ng/ml), Day 1 (0.39 ng/ml) and Day 2 (0.34 ng/ml). Serum PRL was similar (P=0.07) among Day 0 (4.10 ng/ml), Day 1 (3.87 ng/ml) and Day 2 (3.43 ng/ml). Serum concentrations of C were greater (P 0.05). In contrast, serum concentrations of PRL rose slowly (P
All-Cause Mortality in a Population-Based Type 1 diabetes Cohort in the U.S. Virgin Islands

Abstract Objective Type 1 diabetes remains a significant source of premature mortality; however, its burden has not been assessed in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). As such, the objective of this study was to estimate type 1 diabetes mortality in a population-based registry sample in the USVI. Research design and methods We report overall and 20-year mortality in the USVI Childhood ( Results As of December 31, 2010, the vital status of 94 of 103 total cases was confirmed (91.3%) with mean diabetes duration 16.8 ± 7.0 years. No deaths were observed in the 2000–2005 cohort. The overall mortality rates for those diagnosed 1979–1989 and 1990–1999 were 1852 and 782 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Overall cumulative survival for USVI was 98% (95% CI: 97–99) at 10 years, 92% (95% CI: 89–95) at 15 years and 73% (95% CI: 66–80) at 20 years. The overall SMR for non-Hispanic blacks in the USVI was 5.8 (95% CI: 2.7–8.8). Overall mortality and cumulative survival for non-Hispanic blacks did not differ between the USVI and Allegheny County, PA. Conclusions This study, as the first type 1 diabetes mortality follow-up in the USVI, confirmed previous findings of poor disease outcomes in racial/ethnic minorities with type 1 diabetes.
The effect of particle size on the thermal switching characteristics of metal particle tapes

The effect of particle length on the magnetic viscosity and high speed switching characteristics were studied for four experimental metal particle (MP) tapes. The particle length varied from 80 nm to 340 nm with diameters /spl sim/20 nm. The magnetic viscosity and activation volume were not sensitive to particle length. High speed switching measurements show only a moderate increase in the remanent coercivity at 10/sup -8/s. Results are compared to new models of magnetization reversal in acicular particles.
Effect of Exercise Speed on Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Rate-Pressure Product During Upper Extremity Ergometry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of arm cranking speed on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rate-pressure product (RPP) using an isokinetic upper extremity ergometer. Fifteen healthy men exercised for one minute at a work load of 300 kg X m/min and for five minutes at a work load of 600 kg X m/min on three different occasions at speeds of 30, 60, and 90 rpm. An analysis of variance and a Duncan's multiple range test were performed on all immediate postexercise (IPE) values. Significant differences were found in IPE HR and RPP across the exercise speeds. No significant differences were found in IPE SBP. The 60-rpm speed elicited significantly lower HR and RPP responses than the 30- or 90-rpm speeds. The 90-rpm speed elicited significantly lower HR responses than the 30-rpm speed. These results indicated that the 60-rpm speed caused the least cardiovascular stress at a submaximal work load of 600 kg X m/min.
First-break traveltime tomography with the double-square-root eikonal equation

ABSTRACTFirst-break traveltime tomography is based on the eikonal equation. Because the eikonal equation is solved at fixed-shot positions and only receiver positions can move along the raypath, the adjoint-state tomography relies on inversion to resolve possible contradicting information between independent shots. The double-square-root (DSR) eikonal equation allows not only the receivers but also the shots to change position, and thus describes the prestack survey as a whole. Consequently, its linearized tomographic operator naturally handles all shots together, in contrast with the shotwise approach in the traditional eikonal-based framework. The DSR eikonal equation is singular for the horizontal waves, which require special handling. Although it is possible to recover all branches of the solution through postprocessing, our current forward modeling and tomography focuses on the diving wave branch only. We consider two upwind discretizations of the DSR eikonal equation and show that the explicit schem...
Deep borehole log evidence for fractal distribution of fractures in crystalline rock

Summary Sonic velocity and electrical resistivity logs run to a depth of 3.5 km in crystalline rock near the San Andreas fault at Cajon Pass in southern California correlate over scale-lengths both small (sub-metre) and large (tens to hundreds of metres). No such correlations are seen with the more lithologically sensitive natural gamma intensity log. The correlation between the sonic velocity and electrical resistivity logs suggests that a non-lithologic property of the crystalline rock controls fluctuations. In situ fracture intensity is a logical candidate for the controlling rock property. The fluctuations of the individual sonic velocity and electrical resistivity logs are examined with the Hurst rescaled range parameter over borehole log intervals 1.5 m < L < 1500 m. For log fluctuations arising from a scale-invariant physical process the Hurst rescaled range scales with data interval as LH, 0 < H < 1. A purely random sequence of in situ fractures produces a scaling exponent H= 0.50. Fluctuations in the Cajon Pass sonic velocity and electrical resistivity logs yield H˜ 0.70 evidence that in situ fracture sets tend to occur in clusters rather than at purely random intervals. The tendency for fracture clustering over log intervals 1.5 m < L < 1500 m suggests that fracture formation is a fractal process independent of length-scale in which larger fracture intervals form from clustering of numerous smaller fracture intervals. Seismic reflectivity derived from the borehole sonic velocity log is also scale independent over the range of data intervals 1.5m < L < 1500 m with a Hurst exponent H= 0.21. If we associate fracture clustering with crustal fault formation, the Cajon Pass borehole sonic velocity and electrical resistivity logs predict that crustal faults scale fractally with fractal dimension D˜ 2.30. The equivalent b-value for earthquake size distribution is b˜D/2˜ 1.15. On this hypothesis observed b-values < 1.15 indicate a tendency for earthquakes to cluster on existing (weak?) faults. A scale-independent mechanics for crystalline rock fracture formation in which larger scale fractures form as clusters of smaller scale fractures provides a mechanical link between the small pervasive stress aligned flaws, cracks and microfractures which can impart anisotropy to crystalline rock and the larger scale fractures associated with finite strain and faulting. Thus in crustal regions of active but low strain, fracture anisotropy is observed to be aligned with the inferred maximum principal stress, while in actively faulted crust, fracture anisotropy is observed to be more nearly fault parallel as if the fractures are aligned by the finite strain faulting process.
Towards Learning Nonverbal Identities from the Web: Automatically Identifying Visually Accentuated Words

This paper presents a novel long-term idea to learn automatically from online multimedia content, such as videos from YouTube channels, a portfolio of nonverbal identities in the form of computational representation of prototypical gestures of a speaker. As a first step towards this vision, this paper presents proof-of-concept experiments to automatically identify visually accentuated words from a collection of online videos of the same person. The experimental results are promising with many accentuated words automatically identified and specific head motion patterns were associated with these words.
Background estimation as a labeling problem

We present a new background estimation algorithm that constructs the background of an image sequence with moving objects by copying areas from input frames. The background estimation problem is formulated as an optimal labeling problem in which the label at an output pixel is the frame number from which to copy the background color. The costs of assigning labels encourage seamless copying from regions that are stationary over a period of time in such a way that implied motion boundaries occur at intensity edges. This is accomplished without explicitly tracking the moving objects or computing optical flow. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm is effective in difficult areas where the background is visible for only a small fraction of time, and on inputs with both moving objects that are not always in motion and moving objects with textureless areas
Status Configurations, Military Service and Higher Education

The U.S. Armed Forces offer educational and training benefits as incentives for service. This study investigates the influence of status configurations on military enlistment and their link to greater educational opportunity. Three statuses (socioeconomic status of origin, cognitive ability and academic performance) have particular relevance for life course options. We hypothesize that young men with inconsistent statuses are more likely to enlist than men with consistent status profiles, and that military service improves access to college for certain configurations. Analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) show (1. that several status configurations markedly increased the likelihood of military enlistment and (2. within status configurations, recruits were generally more likely to enroll in higher education than nonveterans, with associate degrees being more likely.
Bioinformatic analyses implicate the collaborating meiotic crossover/chiasma proteins Zip2, Zip3, and Spo22/Zip4 in ubiquitin labeling

Zip2 and Zip3 are meiosis-specific proteins that, in collaboration with several partners, act at the sites of crossover-designated, axis-associated recombinational interactions to mediate crossover/chiasma formation. Here, Spo22 (also called Zip4) is identified as a probable functional collaborator of Zip2/3. The molecular roles of Zip2, Zip3, and Spo22/Zip4 are unknown. All three proteins are part of a small evolutionary cohort comprising similar homologs in four related yeasts. Zip3 is shown to contain a RING finger whose structural features most closely match those of known ubiquitin E3s. Further, Zip3 exhibits major domainal homologies to Rad18, a known DNA-binding ubiquitin E3. Also described is an approach to the identification and mapping of repeated protein sequence motifs, Alignment Based Repeat Annotation (ABRA), that we have developed. When ABRA is applied to Zip2 and Spo22/Zip4, they emerge as a 14-blade WD40-like repeat protein and a 22-unit tetratricopeptide repeat protein, respectively. WD40 repeats of Cdc20, Cdh1, and Cdc16 and tetratricopeptide repeats of Cdc16, Cdc23, and Cdc27, all components of the anaphase-promoting complex, are also analyzed. These and other findings suggest that Zip2, Zip3, and Zip4 act together to mediate a process that involves Zip3-mediated ubiquitin labeling, potentially as a unique type of ubiquitin-conjugating complex.
Help Me Help You: A Systematic Approach to Goal Support for Couples

An overview of the topic of goal support and its relevance to couples was presented. Mutual support systems can be improved through applications of the 4-Factor Goal Support (4FGS) system.
RACK-1 directs dynactin-dependent RAB-11 endosomal recycling during mitosis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Membrane trafficking pathways are necessary for the addition and removal of membrane during cytokinesis. In animal cells, recycling endosomes act as a major source of the additional membranes durin...
Generational Cohort Theory: Have We Overlooked an Important Aspect of the Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Doctorate Debate?

anyinourprofessionwouldagreethat � thequestionofwhetherourprofes- sionshouldmovetotheentry-leveldoctor- aldegreeisstillaworthyquestion, � onethat � requiresdebateandonethatneedsanswer- ingsoon, � giventheeducationaltrendsin � healthcareprofessions. � However, � those � whomightattempttoanswerthisques- tionfaceatwofoldproblem: � First, � those � knowledgeableaboutoccupationaltherapy � arelikelyalreadyoccupationaltherapistsor � occupationaltherapyassistantsoraremem- bersofotherprofessions. � Theiropinions � andperceptionsaboutanentry-leveldoc- toratewouldlikelybebasedontheirown � experiences; � surveysoftheiropinionswould � notyieldinformationabouttheinterestof � potentialoccupationaltherapists. Second, � althoughafewstudieshave �
Adoption of high performance building systems in hot‐humid climates – lessons learned

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the adoption process of high performance building technologies, including alternative wall systems, in hot‐humid climates. Challenges faced by homebuilders adopting high performance building technologies, and resulting energy performance are discussed.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a case study of four homebuilders using high performance building technologies, including advanced framing, panelised and modular. For each homebuilder, a baseline and a demonstration house were evaluated for energy performance and technology adoption. Homebuilders were interviewed to identify implementation challenges and barriers faced during the construction process.Findings – The advanced framing, modular and panelised houses used 50 percent, 42 percent, and 35 percent less energy when compared to the traditional stick‐built. Further, the modular appeared to have the greatest opportunity to boost performance for least cost. Participating builders identified cost ...
Nonoperative management of blunt abdominal trauma: have we gone too far?

Abstract Background: The paradigm shift in the management of blunt abdominal trauma has been to become less invasive with both diagnostic tools and management. Avoidance of a laparotomy with its short-term and long-term risks is of obvious benefit to the patient. Method: Review of the pertinent literature. Results: Most blunt hepatic and splenic injuries are managed nonoperatively. Management of blunt splenic injury with observation and organ preservation will avoid the lifelong risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. However, what are the risks? Does nonoperative management simply delay laparotomy? The answer is no. The pendulum has swung too far toward observation. Most patients with blunt hepatic injury, irrespective of the grade, are hemodynamically stable and can be observed. On the other hand, high-grade injury (IV and V) often necessitates operation or management of complications by interventional radiology or gastroenterology procedures. When hepatic injury necessitates laparotomy because ...
Evidence for a seasonally dependent ring plasma in the region between Saturn's A Ring and Enceladus' orbit

Equatorial electron density measurements from the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science experiment are derived from the upper hybrid resonance frequency from Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) on 1 July 2004 through 21 May 2013. These densities are used to determine the characteristics of the plasma in the inner magnetosphere of Saturn between the outer edge of the A Ring and the orbit of Enceladus. Electron densities obtained when Cassini first arrived at Saturn on 1 July 2004 showed a plasma distribution decreasing radially outward from Saturn in the direction of Enceladus, the expected distribution of a centrifugally driven plasma expanding radially outward from a source in the main rings. We examine equatorial electron densities in the region between 2.4 and 4.0 Rs and show that the density measurements in this region exhibit a strong seasonal dependence resulting from photon-induced decomposition of icy particles on the ring surfaces, a decomposition process which is controlled by the solar incidence angle. This seasonal dependence will have plasma density implications for Cassini when the spacecraft returns to the region just beyond the A Ring in 2016.
Embryonic Temperature and Gonadal Sex Organize Male-Typical Sexual and Aggressive Behavior in a Lizard with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination*

Temperature during embryonic development determines gonadal sex in the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. Moreover, both embryonic temperature and gonadal sex influence adult behavior. Yet it remains unclear whether the effects of embryonic temperature and gonadal sex on behavior are irreversibly organized during development. To address this question, we gonadectomized adult females and males generated from a temperature that produces mostly females (30 C) and a temperature that produces mostly males (32.5 C). Females and males from both temperatures were then treated with equivalent levels of various sex steroids. We found that both embryonic temperature and gonadal sex had persistent effects on the expression of male-typical sexual and aggressive behaviors. For example, adult females do not scent mark and display very little courtship and mounting behavior even when treated with levels of hormones (primarily androgens) that activate these behaviors in males. In contrast, species-typical aggressive displays were less sex specific and were activated by both dihydrotestosterone and testosterone (T) in males and by T in females. Nevertheless, the average duration of aggressive displays was significantly shorter in T-treated females than that in T-treated males. With regard to submissive behavior, androgens decreased flight behavior in males, but had no effect in females. Embryonic temperature had enduring effects on certain behaviors in males. For instance, males from a male-biased embryonic temperature scent-marked more than males from a female-biased embryonic temperature when treated with dihydrotestosterone or T. Conversely, and across hormone treatments, males from a female-biased embryonic temperature mounted more than males from a male-biased embryonic temperature. Finally, treatment with 17b-estradiol decreased submissive behavior in males from a male-biased embryonic temperature compared with that in males from a female-biased embryonic temperature. Courtship and aggressive behavior were not influenced by temperature. These results strongly suggest that male-typical behaviors in the adult leopard gecko are permanently organized by both embryonic temperature and gonadal sex during development. (Endocrinology 140: 4501‐ 4508, 1999)
A multi-objective optimization approach for design of blast-resistant composite laminates using carbon nanotubes

A reliable process for the design of blast-resistance composite laminates is needed. We consider here the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance the mechanical properties of composite interface layers. The use of CNTs not only enhances the strength of the interface but also significantly alters stress propagation in composite laminates. A simplified wave propagation simulation is developed and the optimal CNT content in the interface layer is determined using multi-objective optimization paradigms. The optimization process targets minimizing the ratio of the stress developed in the layers to the strength of that layer for all the composite laminate layers. Two optimization methods are employed to identify the optimal CNT content. A case study demonstrating the design of five-layer composite laminate subjected to a blast event is used to demonstrate the concept. It is shown that the addition of 2% and 4% CNTs by weight to the epoxy interfaces results in significant enhancement of the composite ability to resist blast.
Evidence to Practice Commentary New Evidence in Coaching Interventions

Coaching has become a widely popularized strategy for improving one's work performance and life accomplishments. As well as, being considered fundamental to successful sporting and athletic achieve...
Plasmatocyte spreading peptide does not induce Microplitis demolitor polydnavirus-infected plasmatocytes to spread on foreign surfaces.

Capsule formation by the moth Pseudopulsia includens requires that plasmatocytes change from being nonadhesive cells in circulation to strongly adhesive cells capable of attaching to the foreign target and one another. This change in adhesive state is induced by Plasmatocyte Spreading Peptide (PSP1); a 23 amino acid peptide isolated from P. includens plasma. Plasmatocytes from hosts parasitized by Microplitis demolitor remain in a nonadhesive state after infection by Microplitis demolitor polydnavirus (MdPDV). This alteration in plasmatocyte function prevents P. includens from encapsulating the developing parasitoid. In the current study, we examined whether MdPDV infection eliminates PSP1-responsive plasmatocytes from circulation or disrupts the ability of PSP1 to induce adhesion and spreading of plasmatocytes to foreign surfaces. In vivo experiments revealed that infection of P. includens by MdPDV induced an increase in the total number of hemocytes in circulation but reduced the proportion of hemocytes in circulation that were plasmatocytes. However, plasmatocytes normally capable of responding to PSP1 were not eliminated from circulation. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that plasmatocytes inoculated with MdPDV lost the capacity to respond to PSP1 4–6 h post-infection. Infection of P. includens with MdPDV reduced expression levels of prepro-PSP1 mRNA in hemocytes but did not appear to alter expression levels in fat body. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 40:41–52, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bandwidth performance of 16-element thinned phased array with tapped delay-line filter

The bandwidth performance of a thinned phased adaptive array with and without a delay-line processor are compared. Five- and nine-jammer scenarios are considered for two EHF bands, 0.125 and 2.0 GHz. The null-depth which was used as the measure of performance was computed over the nulling band for three different delay-line configurations. The simulation results give some insight into the way in which delay-line compensation provides improved performance as the interference bandwidth increases. >
Totale parenterale Ernährung bei der Behandlung chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen

Der Morbus Crohn und die Colitis ulcerosa sind entzundliche Erkrankungen des Darms unbekannter Atiologie. Aufgrund verschiedenster Ursachen (Tabelle 1) entwickelt sich bei beiden haufig sekundar eine Mangelernahrung unterschiedlichen Schweregrades. Wahrend eines akuten Schubs der Erkrankungen steht aufgrund der Symptomatik ein schwerer Kalorien- und Eiweismangel im Vordergrund. Im subakuten oder chronischen Stadium der Erkrankungen ist insbesondere beim Morbus Crohn die Mangelernahrung meist durch Komplikationen der Erkrankung bedingt. Diese sind ein Resultat der transmuralen Natur des Entzundungsprozesses, der zur Abszesbildung sowie zur Entwicklung von inneren und auseren Fisteln neigt.
Learning to decompose for object detection and instance segmentation

Although deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) have achieved remarkable results on object detection and segmentation, pre- and post-processing steps such as region proposals and non-maximum suppression(NMS), have been required. These steps result in high computational complexity and sensitivity to hyperparameters, e.g. thresholds for NMS. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end trainable deep neural network architecture, which consists of convolutional and recurrent layers, that generates the correct number of object instances and their bounding boxes (or segmentation masks) given an image, using only a single network evaluation without any pre- or post-processing steps. We have tested on detecting digits in multi-digit images synthesized using MNIST, automatically segmenting digits in these images, and detecting cars in the KITTI benchmark dataset. The proposed approach outperforms a strong CNN baseline on the synthesized digits datasets and shows promising results on KITTI car detection.
Internal pelvimetry as a basis for the morphologic classification of pelves

Abstract Instrumental procedures of internal pelvimetry are supplemented by Thoms' x-ray method to provide quantitative data for the morphologic classification of pelves. Special emphasis is placed on android characters. The width of the subpubic angle is computed from modified measurements of the anterior sagittal and transverse diameters of the outlet. The bispinous and interischial diameters, and the anterior and posterior sagittal diameters of the narrow pelvic plane, are measured by means of an internal pelvimeter previously described which was especially designed for this purpose. The diameters of the pelvic inlet are determined on a Thoms film. The dimensions measured are the transverse and the anterior and posterior sagittal diameters. The retropubic angle and the degree of curvature of the anterior puboiliac portions are also determined. A morphologic classification of pelves is presented which is based on the classification of Thoms, and of Caldwell and Moloy.
Dynamics of B cell subsets within the CNS during viral encephalomyelitis (LYM6P.779)

Central nervous system inflammation induced by viral infection and autoimmune disease results in the accumulation of plasmablasts. During neurotropic coronavirus infection, CD138+CD19+ plasmablasts are essential in preventing viral reemergence after initial T cell mediated control of infectious virus. This study characterizes the temporal dynamics and precursor relationships between B cell subsets within the infected central nervous system. Flow cytometry revealed that CD138- B cells recruited early displayed a naive or early activated IgD+IgM+ phenotype. This population progressively declined coincident with an increase of IgD-IgM+ and isotype switched memory B cells and plasmablasts, suggesting early B cells differentiate locally or are replaced by newly recruited, more differentiated B cells. Ki-67 expression by CD138- B cells revealed proliferation in IgD+IgM+ B cells was minimal, while proliferation was substantially elevated in IgDloIgM+ and IgD-IgM+ cells, consistent with recruitment of peripherally proliferating B cells rather than local differentiation of naive B cells. Nevertheless, a transient capacity of IgM+ and IgD+ B cells to enter the parenchyma early in infection suggests they may have an antibody independent role during central nervous system inflammation.
On the Birefringence of Simple Rhombohedral Boron

The results of an investigation of the birefringence of small rhombohedral crystals of a-boron are reported. The method of preparing a-boron crystals from a platinum melt is also presented.
Chemical Ecology of Seaweeds

This chapter summarizes the breadth of seaweed chemical ecology. Sensory chemical ecology includes chemical communication within and between species, whether intentional or not, as well as seaweed spores sensing their chemical and physicochemical environment during and preceding settlement. Defensive chemical ecology includes chemical defenses mounted against predators, pathogens, biofoulers (epibionts), and competitors. Such defenses can be produced constitutively or in some cases their production can be increased when the seaweed is attacked. Most commonly the defensive compounds are organic molecules but reactive oxygen species are also important in defenses against pathogens. In some seaweeds, sensory and defensive aspects overlap as waterborne chemical cues released by seaweeds when under attack by herbivores can induce defenses in neighboring algae and attract predators of the herbivores. Defenses against biofoulers can also involve interfering with chemical communications between biofilm bacteria.
“Fashion” in Women's Clothes and the American Social System

for sociologists to explore. In the second area, analysis of the national economy as reflected in factory systems, we need to restudy such phenomena as rationalization, work discipline, the fixed status of the worker, and boredom, as these impinge upon worker-manager relations. Marxian students were the first to point to these characteristics of industry, and sociologists have tended to accept the Marxian descriptions as valid empirical statements, and also to accept the explanation that these characteristics create conflict. Actually, there are only a few empirical investigations of these institutional characteristics of factories. Last, in studying the relationship of economic institutions to the larger society, there is a great need for crosscultural studies dealing with industrialization. We still have no adequate studies of workers' values and orientations towards the industrial world."7 We know little about the stages of industrial development as revealed by cross-cultural comparison and know little about the relations between workers and managers outside the factory. All of these gaps then point to a vast area of inquiry on which sociologists can bring to bear their concepts about group and institutional life.
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF FRESHWATER FISHES I. GENETIC VARIATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS) POPULATIONS IN MAN-MADE RESERVOIRS.

A recent resurgence of interest in the "genetic structure" of animal and plant populations is attributable to the strong theoretical foundations earlier laid by Wright, Malecot, Nei, Kimura, and others, coupled with the advent of empirical techniques (primarily electrophoresis) for monitoring population structure through time and space. Any population subdivision due to departures from panmixia may be termed "population structuring." Deviations from panmixia may result from inbreeding, selection, or assortative mating due to behaviorally or environmentally imposed restrictions on migration or mating success. Significant structuring of local populations resulting from one or more of these factors has been demonstrated in herbaceous plants (Hamrick and Allard, 1972; Levin, 1975; Schaal, 1975; Schaal and Levin, 1976) and in a variety of animals ranging from snails (Selander and Kaufman, 1975) to insects (McKechnie et al., 1975; Taylor and Powell, 1977) to mammals (Kidd and CavalliSforza, 1974; Selander, 1970), including extensive works on man (Neel and Ward, 1972; Nei and Imaizumi, 1966; Workman and Niswander, 1970). Nonetheless, the relative importance of potential extrinsic barriers to migration in determining population structure, particularly in species with large numbers of mobile individuals, remains debatable (Ehrlich and Raven, 1969; Mayr, 1970). It seems ironic that a particularly suitable setting for analysis of population structure, the freshwater environment, has been almost totally ignored. Darlington (1957) and other zoogeographers clearly recognize analogies between drainage basins and terrestrial islands in effects on dispersal of their respective biotas. Even within drainage basins, well-defined habitats such as lakes are usually interspaced with alternative habitats which may be less favorable to particular species. The patchwork nature of freshwater habitats may have important consequences for the genetic structure and evolution of many species. Retreating Pleistocene glaciers left a pockmarked northern landscape and thousands of natural lakes. In the southern and central United States, beyond the glacial advance, the great majority of standing bodies of water are of man-made origin. Virtually every major river draining into the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico has been dammed, often repeatedly, to form reservoirs primarily for purposes of flood control, power production, and recreation. This practice has profoundly influenced the faunal compositions of southern drainages by direct and indirect effects of alterations in the relative proportions of standing and running waters. Furthermore, the dams themselves may be formidable barriers to dispersal of many freshwater organisms. In this study we analyze the microgeographic genetic structure of bluegill sunfish (Le-
Reciprocal landscapes: material portraits in New York City and elsewhere

The material assemblies of constructed landscapes generate ecological, economic and social conditions in situ, yet are embedded with the relations of their own production, concealed through the processes of commodification. Material specification for the design of new landscapes inadvertently and invisibly transforms other landscapes. The author argues that the sites and people associated with the production of construction materials are an overlooked yet critical dimension to understanding and intervening in the material cycles of designed landscapes. Case studies identify reciprocal relationships between landscapes of production and consumption in terms of material displacement, ecological change and labour relations. Cases focus on materials used in three public landscapes in New York City over the past century and a half: granite block from Maine to Central Park in the late nineteenth century, structural steel from a company town in Pennsylvania to Riverside Park in the 1930s and hardwood lumber from ...
Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas

Cystic pancreatic lesions are increasingly diagnosed due to the increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging modalities. Such lesions include epithelial tumors (true pancreatic cysts) and nonepithelial lesions (such as pseudocysts) based on the World Health Organization classification. Due to their malignant potential, some of the true pancreatic cysts require further assessment for possible resection or periodic imaging follow-up. Therefore, it is important to establish a firm diagnosis at the time of detection of the various types of pancreatic cysts. In this chapter, we will review clinical and imaging characteristics of the true pancreatic cysts commonly encountered in clinical practice.
Online robust dictionary learning with density-based outlier weighing

Online outlier detection is fundamental for expediting the processing of data and focusing processing resources on portions of data that may be most informative. This work develops online robust dictionary learning algorithms that are able to identify outliers in the training data. The algorithms are based on lasso updates for computing the vector of expansion coefficients for a new training vector and gradient descent updates for updating the dictionary. An outlier is identified based on the so-called outlier vector. The weight associated with the group lasso regularizer that encourages an outlier vector to be set to zero is computed based on the outlierness score of the corresponding training data vector. Outlier vectors are thus more likely to be nonzero if they feature a high outlierness score. Outlierness scores are obtained from density-based outlier detection algorithms and help to enhance the selection of outliers. Both soft and hard outlier removal algorithms are developed. In the latter case, outliers are identified and a residual obtained after removing the outlier contribution is used to update the dictionary. The performance of the proposed algorithms is illustrated via numerical experiments on real video data.
Serum Uric Acid Is a Novel Prognostic Factor in Patients with Primary Systemic Amyloidosis.

Background: Primary Systemic Amyloidosis (AL) is a fatal disorder characterized by uncontrolled deposition of light chain derived amyloid with variable survival dependent on extent of organ involvement and degree of individual organ dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) together can allow prognostic stratification in AL. Uric acid (UA) is a marker of increased mortality in congestive heart failure and we examined its prognostic value in AL. Methods: A cohort 1977 patients with AL seen at our institution and 293 patients with AL undergoing stem cell transplant (PBSCT) were studied retrospectively to examine the value of serum UA. Results: The median OS for those with UA>8mg/dL was 9 months from diagnosis (95% CI; 7.4, 10.6) compared to 20.3 months for those with UA 0.035g/L was 6.7 months (95% CI; 5.0, 8.4) compared to 35.2months (95% CI; 29.4, 41.0) for those with cTnT 332ng/L was 11.8 months (95% CI; 9.4, 14.2) compared to 36.2 months (95% CI; 26.7, 45.8) for those with NT-ProBNP 8mg/dl, cTnT>0.035μg/L and NT-ProBNP>332ng/L) had a median OS of 36.6, 29.2, 11.1, and 3.6 months respectively (P 15mm, ejection fraction upper limit of normal, serum creatinine>2.0mg/dL, serum albumin 5gm, UA>8 mg/dL, cTnT>0.035μg/L and NT-ProBNP>332ng/L. We then performed a multivariate analysis with all these variables and those predicting for shorter OS were cTnT>0.035μg/L, serum uric acid>8mg/dL, and ejection fraction Interpretation: The data confirms the prognostic value of serum UA in AL and allows development of a novel and simple but powerful, reproducible staging system with applicability at all stages of AL. Download : Download high-res image (80KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure Download : Download high-res image (88KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure