cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Boron Trifluoride Etherate

(BF3·OEt2) [109-63-7] C4H10BF3O (MW 141.94) InChI = 1S/C4H10O.BF3/c1-3-5-4-2;2-1(3)4/h3-4H2,1-2H3; InChIKey = KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (BF3·MeOH) [373-57-9] CH4BF3O (MW 99.85) InChI = 1S/CH4O.BF3/c1-2;2-1(3)4/h2H,1H3; InChIKey = JBXYCUKPDAAYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (BF3·OEt2: easy-to-handle and convenient source of BF3; Lewis acid catalyst; promotes epoxide cleavage and rearrangement, control of stereoselectivity; BF3·MeOH: esterification of aliphatic and aromatic acids; cleavage of trityl ethers) Alternate Names: boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; boron trifluoride ethyl etherate; boron trifluoride ethyl ether complex; trifluoroboron diethyl etherate. Physical Data: BF3·OEt2: bp 126 °C; d 1.15 g cm−3; BF3·MeOH: bp 59 °C/4 mmHg; d 1.203 g cm−3 for 50 wt % BF3, 0.868 g cm−3 for 12 wt % BF3. Solubility: sol benzene, chloromethanes, dioxane, ether, methanol, THF, toluene. Form Supplied in: BF3·OEt2: light yellow liquid, packaged under nitrogen or argon; BF3·MeOH is available in solutions of 10–50% BF3 in MeOH. Preparative Methods: BF3·OEt2 is prepared by passing BF3 through anhydrous ether;1a the BF3·MeOH complex is formed from BF3·OEt2 and methanol. Purification: oxidation in air darkens commercial boron trifluoride etherate; therefore the reagent should be redistilled prior to use. An excess of the etherate in ether should be distilled in an all-glass apparatus with calcium hydroxide to remove volatile acids and to reduce bumping.1b Handling, Storage, and Precautions: keep away from moisture and oxidants; avoid skin contact and work in a well-ventilated fume hood.
Comparison of long-term results of computer-assisted anti-stigma education and reading anti-stigma educational materials.

BACKGROUND Professionals working with psychiatric patients very often have negative beliefs and attitudes about their clients. We designed our study to investigate the effectiveness of anti-stigma interventions among university students who are trained to provide special education. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to compare sustainability of the effect of two anti-stigma education programs. METHODS We enrolled 91 college students from the School of Special Education at the Herzen Russian State Pedagogic University (St Petersburg, Russia). Of those, 36 read two articles and World Health Organization brochure (reading group, RG) devoted to the problem of psychiatric stigma, and 32 studied an anti-stigma web-based program (program group, PG). Twenty-three students were in a control group (CG) and received no intervention. The second study visit in six months was completed by 65 students. To measure the level of stigma we used the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) questionnaire. The web-based program was based on the Computer-assisted Education system (CO-ED) which we described previously. The CO-ED system provides self-paced interactive education driven by adult learning theories. RESULTS At the time of their first visit the age of the study participants was 19.0+/-1.2 years; of them, 99% were females. After the intervention in PG, the level of stigma assessed by CAMI decreased from 24.0+/-5.0 to 15.8+/- 4.6 points (p<0.0001). In RG the level of stigma dropped from 24.1+/-6.1 to 20.3+/-6.4 points (p<0.0001). In six months after the intervention the analysis of CAMI scores showed that the level of stigma in PG was significantly lower than in CG and RG (20.2+/-6.2 in CG, 21.3+/-6.5 in RG, and 18.7+/-4.9 in PG, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Web-based education or reading anti-stigma materials could be effective in reducing psychiatric stigma among university students. The effect of interactive web-based education based on adult learning theories was more stable as assessed in six months.
New designs for biological weapons

Pentagon plans to employ new research and production techniques threaten to erode current restraints and to initiate a new round of the arms race.
Rheological Study of Order-to-Disorder Transitions and Phase Behavior of Block Copolymer−Surfactant Complexes Containing Hydrogen-Bonded Small Molecule Additives

Dynamic mechanical measurements were used to investigate the effect of small molecule additives on the order-to-disorder transitions (ODTs) of Pluronic, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)–PEO triblock copolymer surfactant melts. The small molecule additives contain multiple functional groups (carboxyl or hydroxyl), which selectively interact with the PEO component of Pluronic via hydrogen bonding, thereby effectively increasing χ of the system and leading to microphase separation in otherwise disordered melts. The ODTs of these Pluronic/small-molecule-additive complexes can be detected by rheology since, upon increasing temperature, crossing the order-to-disorder transition temperature (TODT) results in a sharp decrease in the low frequency storage and loss moduli (G′ and G″, respectively). The crystallization of the PEO component is suppressed with increasing additive loading due to strong hydrogen bond interactions. The TODT is strongly composition dependent and increases up to 145 °...
CRT-308 Detection by Intracoronary Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Lipid Core Plaque at Culprit Sites in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest

We sought to describe the intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) findings in survivors of sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac death remains a major public health problem. Autopsy studies have established that sudden death is often attributable to rupture of an intracoronary lipid core
Creep Behavior of Nextel™ 610/Monazite/Alumina Composite at Elevated Temperatures

Aerospace components require structural materials that have superior mechanical properties and can withstand severe environmental conditions, such as ultra-high temperature, high pressure, or water vapor. Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), capable of maintaining excellent strength and fracture toughness at high temperatures are prime candidate materials for aerospace applications. This research effort investigates creep behavior of N610/LaPO4 /Al2 O3 composite consisting of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with Nextel 610 fibers coated with monazite in a symmetric cross-ply (0°/90°/0°/90°)s orientation. Tensile creep was examined at temperatures in the 900-1100°C range for creep stresses ranging from 40 to 150 MPa. At 900°C primary and secondary creep regimes were observed. At temperatures above 900°C, the composite exhibited primary, secondary and tertiary creep. Minimum creep rate was reached in all tests. Creep rates accelerated with increasing temperature and creep stress. Creep run-out was defined as 100 h at creep stress. At 900°C the run-out stress was 120 MPa. Monazite coating resulted in improved creep resistance at 900°C. Creep performance deteriorated rapidly at temperatures above 900°C.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Conservation genetics of the endangered San Francisco Bay endemic salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

The salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM, Reithrodontomys raviventris) is an endangered species endemic to the San Francisco Bay region of California, USA, where habitat loss and fragmentation over the past century have reduced the mouse’s distribution to <25 % of its historical range. To aid in conservation prioritization, we first investigated the possibility of hybridization with the morphologically similar western harvest mouse (WHM, R. megalotis) in areas of sympatry and developed genetic tools to differentiate the two species. We then investigated the phylogeography and genetic structure of the SMHM, including support for currently recognized SMHM subspecies designations. Lastly, we evaluated the morphological criteria currently used for the identification of species in the field. Analyses using mtDNA cytochrome b sequences and 11 microsatellites from 142 mice indicated complete and substantial separation of the SMHM and WHM, with no evidence of hybridization. These genetic markers as well as the mtDNA control region also identified a deep genetic division within the SMHM concordant with the current subspecies designations, R. r. raviventris and R. r. halicoetes. We identified the lowest genetic diversity within the southern subspecies, which inhabits a much reduced and highly fragmented portion of the species range. Morphological field identification of harvest mouse species was more successful at identifying SMHM (92 %) than WHM (44 %), with a large portion of WHM being incorrectly identified as SMHM. Field identification of harvest mouse species in the range of the southern SMHM subspecies was just above 50 %, indicating that current methods for morphological differentiation of species in that area are insufficient. Our confirmation of genetically distinct SMHM subspecies highlights the importance of determining the status and genetic composition of relict populations in the remaining patches of marshland in the central San Francisco Bay where the two subspecies may occur, as well as developing better tools for the discrimination of species, particularly in the range of the southern subspecies
The Method and Application Analysis of the Metal Oxide Arrester Condition Evaluation

The method and procedure of the condition evaluation about the metal oxide arrester are expounded in detail, and analyzes the application of the evaluation results of 220 kV Nanmudong metal oxide arrester is analyzed deeply, the key factors that influence MOA evaluation result are the criterias which has large weight, such as the leak tightness, external insulation level, the combine condition of sheath and flange, On-line monitoring leakage current meter status and instructions, electrical test, etc. The most common problem of arrester evaluation are: the poor integrity of equipment foundation data, the uncomprehensive equipment information of production management system, non-uniform format, low timeliness rate of input for Information changes, etc.
Post-thrust calculation of solid rocket motor

For improving the accuracy of a missile, the post-thrust of a solid rocket motor was analyzed and calculated theoretically. The internal temperature field of the insulation was calculated by using one-dimension two-layer model, and the conservation equations of energy and mass of the insulation surface were created, the pyrolysis gas mass and the erosion mass of the insulation at various time in the post-thrust phase were found. Then the internal ballistic of the motor in the post-thrust phase was calculated by the classical fluid mechanics theory. Finally the post-thrust of motor was calculated. The results show that the post-thrust is reduced quickly after the motor burnout.
Screening of Rice Germplasms with Storability and Analysis of Their Genetic Diversity

The storability of 243 rice collections introduced from Shanghai Research Center of Agrobiological Gene was carried out with artificial aging for 21 days under the condition of 42℃,RH88%.180 collections(74.10% of total samples) have less than 40% germination rate,45 collections(18.5% of total) have the germination rate between 41% and 70%,only 16 collections(6.58% of total) have more than 70% germination rate by artificial aging.Cluster analysis of 60 storable collections which have more than 40% germination rate,was carried out with SSR markers for the analysis of germplasm genetic diversity.Genetic similarity coefficient value of 0.44 for the domain can be divided into two categories;genetic similarity coefficient to 0.72 as the threshold can be divided into 12 sub-categories.They are rich in genetic diversity which can be used as storage characteristics of rice genetics and breeding resistant base material.
The status of wind power development and technical supports in China

Wind power is an important alternative energy. It is of great importance for energy supply and environmental protection to develop wind power in a large scale in China. This paper analyzes, via full and accurate data, the status of wind power development in China, and lists the total wind power installed capacity in provinces by the end of 2003. It described briefly the basic requirements and biding issues of wind power concession projects organized by the National Development and Reform Commission in 2003 and 2004, and introduces the background and principles of the Law of People's Republic of China for Renewable Energy. In addition, aiming at the problems emerged during the development of wind power in China, technical supports needing to be resolved urgently are discussed in aspects of measurement and evaluation of wind resources, micro-siting of wind farms, grid-connection of wind units, as well as certification and test of wind generation equipment and so on.
Establishing Trust and Trustworthiness for Supply Chain Information Sharing

In this chapter, we discuss when, how, and why trust and trustworthiness arise to support credible information sharing and cooperation in a supply chain. Synthesizing our learning, we identify the four building blocks of trust and trustworthiness as personal values and norms, market environment, business infrastructure, and business process design. We elaborate on these building blocks and offer tangible insights into how to establish more trusting and cooperative supply chain relationships.
Making the Soviet Intelligentsia: universities and intellectual life under Stalin and Khrushchev

The Soviet Union may have been the world’s first workers’ state, but it has inspired an inordinate amount of scholarship on its intelligentsia, who were both the principal architects and frequent b...
Discussion: Schizophrenia - diverse etiologies, common pathogenesis

In this session on the Precursors of Schizophrenia our speakers have presented data about pathways to schizophrenia that are at first glance quite diverse. Indeed, the time-honored notion that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous group of disorders appears validated by the diversity of the accumulated findings.
Induction of RNAi Responses by Short Left-Handed Hairpin RNAi Triggers.

Small double-stranded, left-handed hairpin (LHP) RNAs containing a 5′-guide-loop-passenger-3′ structure induce RNAi responses by a poorly understood mechanism. To explore LHPs, we synthesized fully 2′-modified LHP RNAs targeting multiple genes and found all to induce robust RNAi responses. Deletion of the loop and nucleotides at the 5′-end of the equivalent passenger strand resulted in a smaller LHP that still induced strong RNAi responses. Surprisingly, progressive deletion of up to 10 nucleotides from the 3′-end of the guide strand resulted in a 32mer LHP capable of inducing robust RNAi responses. However, further guide strand deletion inhibited LHP activity, thereby defining the minimal length guide targeting length to 13 nucleotides. To dissect LHP processing, we examined LHP species that coimmunoprecipitated with Argonaute 2 (Ago2), the catalytic core of RNA-induced silencing complex, and found that the Ago2-associated processed LHP species was of a length that correlated with Ago2 cleavage of the pa...
Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory combined with the ${\mathbf{1/N_c}}$ Expansion in SU(3) I: Framework

Baryon chiral perturbation theory combined with the $1/{N}_{c}$ expansion is implemented for three flavors. Baryon masses, vector charges and axial vector couplings are studied to one-loop and organized according to the $\ensuremath{\xi}$-expansion, in which the $1/{N}_{c}$ and the low-energy power countings are linked according to $1/{N}_{c}=\mathcal{O}(\ensuremath{\xi})=\mathcal{O}(p)$. The renormalization to $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\xi}}^{3})$ necessary for the mentioned observables is provided, along with applications to the baryon masses and axial couplings as obtained in lattice QCD calculations.
OUTCOMES OF ATHERECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH INFRAINGUINAL ARTERIAL DISEASE

Contemporary short and long term outcomes of atherectomy for the treatment of infrainguinal atherosclerotic lesions are not well characterized. In this study we aim to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of atherectomy in patients with advanced peripheral arterial disease. MEDLINE, EMBASE and
Evaluation of Community Mental Health Training with the CMHI Scale

The effect of training programs in community mental health were evaluated by use of the Baker-Schulberg Community Mental Health Ideology Scale. Four groups of students: psychiatric residents, psychology interns, ministers, and mental health workers completed the CMHI scale before and after the training programs. All groups, except the psychologists, show statistically significant gains on the CMHI scale after completion of training. The CMHI scale may be an effective tool to assess training courses in community mental health. The important impact of specific training in community mental health for psychiatric residents is demonstrated.
Case 17-2018: A 40-Year-Old Woman with Leg Swelling and Abdominal Distention and Pain.

A Woman with Leg Swelling and Abdominal Distention A 40-year-old woman presented with a 10-month history of progressive edema of the legs, as well as abdominal distention and pain. CT showed a nono...
Tryptophan Tryptophylquinone Enzymes: Structure and Function

Tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ), the prosthetic group of methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), is formed by covalent cross-linking of two tryptophan residues and incorporation of two oxygen atoms into one of the indole rings. MADH converts primary amines to their corresponding aldehyde plus ammonia. Catalysis occurs via a transaminase-type mechanism involving a Schiff base intermediate between the substrate amine and a TTQ carbonyl. In addition to participating in chemical reactions at the enzyme active site, TTQ forms a bridge from the active site to the protein surface and mediates electron transfer from substrate to a copper protein, amicyanin.
Radiotherapy of Prostatic Cancer

In the 1950’s, new sources of deeply penetrating radiations, such as Cobalt-60 units, linear accelerators, and betatrons, became available and have become the standard for modern radiation therapy.
Calcium Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells

Maintained calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle through voltage-dependent calcium channels plays a key role in the control of the intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i), and hence the contractile state of arterial smooth muscle cells (e.g. 12). Agents that depolarize (e.g. elevated extracellular potassium, pressurization, many vasoconstrictors) cause arteries to constrict. This tone is often reduced or abolished by removing extracellular calcium, organic calcium entry blockers or membrane hyperpolarization (11, 12, 13). Although other processes are clearly important in regulating vascular tone (for example regulation of intracellular calcium release, calcium extrusion, or the calcium-force relationship), these results strongly suggest that calcium entry through dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels is necessary for maintained tone development in many cases, and that the membrane potential dependence of arterial tone arises from the voltage-dependence of the calcium channel (12).
The Thermodynamics of Computation: A Contradiction

In this chapter, we examine in detail Landauer’s influential argument that erasure of information is a fundamental source of energy dissipation. We will carefully define what we mean by general terms, such as “computation,” “reversibility,” and “entropy.” The literature contains quite a bit of confusion due to a lack of clear definitions of these terms. In particular, we will go to great length to distinguish between physical (thermodynamic) entropy and information entropy. We will be lead to conclude that Landauer’s influential argument contains a fundamental flaw in failing to distinguish between these two forms of entropy, and in using information entropy as if it were physical entropy. Erasure of information is not a fundamental source of energy dissipation in computation. Beyond Landauer’s argument, we will conclude that thermodynamics does not apply to the information-bearing degrees of freedom in a computer. The more a system can be described by thermodynamics, the less it can be used for computation. The main conclusion of this chapter is that the thermodynamics of computation is a contradiction in terms.
Flowfield Measurements in a Mach 2 Fin-Generated Shock/Boundary-Layer Interaction

An experimental study is conducted on the interaction of a swept shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer. The shock wave is generated by a sharp unswept fin in a Mach 2 flow, where the strength ...
Treg Cells: A LAGging Hand Holds the Double-Edged Sword of the IL-23 Axis

Intestinal Treg cells suppress colitis; yet the mechanisms behind the intricate pathways involved in this process remain largely unknown. In this issue of Immunity, Bauche et al. (2018) show that Treg cells engage MHCII on CX3CR1+ macrophages via LAG3. This indirectly reduces IL-22 mediated colonic inflammation.
Mapping forty years of mangrove cover trends and their implications for flats fisheries in Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba

The mangrove forests of Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba, support populations of bonefish (Albula vulpes), tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), permit (Trachinotus falcatus), and common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) that play key roles in the local sport fishing industry. Despite their importance, no published work has documented changes in these mangroves’ extent throughout the past four decades. This project used unsupervised classification of Landsat imagery to quantify areal changes in Zapata’s mangrove forests from 1974 to 2017. Results demonstrated a 6.48% decrease in mangrove area over the course of the entire study period. However, rates of mangrove change were not uniformly distributed. The most substantial decrease in mangrove extent occurred when Hurricane Michelle struck Zapata in November 2001, reducing mangrove area by 5.56%. Between 2002 and 2014, Zapata’s mangrove extent increased by 5.03%, demonstrating the resilience of the peninsula’s mangrove forest to hurricane disturbance. Results suggest that Zapata’s national park designation has largely protected its mangroves from anthropogenic destruction, and that hurricane disturbance has been a more substantial driver of change in this important coastal ecosystem. The resilience of Zapata’s mangroves to natural hurricane disturbance and their minimal exposure to anthropogenic disturbance offer encouraging evidence for the continued conservation of Zapata’s flats fisheries.
Enteral Feeding of the Preterm Infant

Premature infants commonly suffer from extrauterine growth restriction from inadequate nutrition and the loss of the last months of gestation, a critical period for brain and body growth. Providing optimized nutrition for the premature infant is a crucial task of the neonatologist and has a significant impact on the future growth and neurodevelopment of these infants. Enteral feeding is nuanced in the preterm population and requires specific knowledge of the nutritional requirements of the preterm infant and the various substrates and methods available to achieve proper nutrition.
Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Unselected Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients Referred to a Combined Acute Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Program

Abstract The median age of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis is 69 years with 60% of newly diagnosed patients > 60 years. Due to a perceived intolerance to therapy, many elderly AML patients do not receive therapy. Of those that do, few are eligible for curative intent therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) due to perceived lack of fitness, excessive comorbidity or absence of a donor. To better understand the outcomes of elderly AML patients, we evaluated a cohort of 323 consecutive elderly AML patients (≥60 years) referred to the Leukemia Program at Northside Hospital from January 2009 to December 2017 for evaluation and management. Our treatment algorithm is to offer intensive chemotherapy (IC) to all potentially eligible patients and HSCT to all transplant-eligible non-favorable risk patients that achieve complete remission, with or without complete platelet recovery (CR1(p)). Median patient age was 70 years (range 60-88). AML occurred de novo in 218 (67%), therapy-related in 33 (10%) and secondary in 72 (22%) patients. NCCN risk category was favorable (fav) in 48 (15%), intermediate (int) in 112 (35%) and poor in 161 (50%). Leukemia induction therapy, either IC (n=204) or hypomethylating agents (HMA, n=58), was given to all but 61 (19%) patients (IC - 78%, HMA - 22%). Of patients receiving IC, the major regimens were FLAG+/-Ida (n=117), 7+3 (n=58) and CPX-351 (n=18). Of the IC/HMA-treated patients (n=262), 130 (50%) achieved CR1(p) with the first induction, while 158 (60%) ultimately achieved CR1(p). In patients with fav, int and poor risk AML, CR1(p) was achieved in 73%, 52% and 41% respectively. HSCT was performed on 63 patients (59 - int/poor risk, 4- fav risk): autologous [5], matched sibling donor [21], matched unrelated donor [24], haploidentical donor [13]. Of the non-fav risk AML CR1(p) patients, where the treatment goal is HSCT if feasible, 57 (46%) of 124 received HSCT. After a median f/u of 34 months, 2-year overall survival (OS) for the whole cohort was 31%; corresponding rates for fav, int and poor risk AML was 58%, 35% and 20% respectively. Survival was similar in patients aged 60-66 and 67-72 years (2-yr OS 35% and 38%), but superior to those in the 73-88 yr tertile (2-yr OS 19%, p Download : Download high-res image (423KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Solh: Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding.
A Deduced SaaS Lifecycle Model Based on Roles and Activities

In recent years, SaaS (Software-as-a-service) software is becoming more and more popular, and it may gradually take the place of traditional software. Therefore, having an overview of the SaaS software lifecycle is critical for corporations to make strategic choices to keep their competitiveness in the software industry. However, the existed software lifecycle models are most for traditional software and the amount of researches done about SaaS software lifecycle to date can be considered little. In this paper, we will propose a SaaS lifecycle model based on roles and activities. It is deduced through a clustering algorithm based on the data produced by a simulating system which adopts intelligent agent technology.
Recruitment of Rad50 and MCM Complexes on the Human Beta Globin Locus Control Region (LCR): A Novel Role for LCR Hypersensitive Site 4 (HS4).

Abstract The human beta globin locus control region (LCR) aids in the establishment of an open chromatin configuration thereby facilitating the expression of linked downstream globin genes in a temporal and spatial manner along the developmental ontogeny. The LCR also functions as a classical enhancer of the beta like globin genes. The four DNAase-I hypersensitive regions (HS 1–4) on the LCR are believed to act as nucleation centers for the assembly of multi-protein transcriptional complexes that interact with the distant gene promoters. Present work is focused on characterizing the protein complex assemblies on the HS4 region and delineating their function in the context of goblin gene regulation. Our finding shows an assembly of a 2–5 MDa complex on the HS4 locus that is both erythroid restricted and sequence specific. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed using K562 and HeLa nuclear extracts and ∼35mer double stranded oligonucleotides with 7 bp overlaps tiling the entire core HS4 sequence. We detected prominent K562 specific bands formed with an AT rich 39 bp HS4 sequence. Sequence specificity of DNA-protein complex formation on this AT rich sequence was determined by competitive EMSA assays. Gel supershift assays with a wide range of antibodies and subsequent partial purification of this multiprotein complex followed by the LC-MS/MS analysis reveal the presence of a mini chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex that is associated with the DNA replication, DNA repair associated Rad50-Mre-11-NBS-1 complex, histone acetyl transferase p300 and DNA binding transcription factors ILF2 (NF45) and ILF3 (NF90). The association of these proteins was determined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments demonstrate the in vivo recruitment of these proteins on the HS4 region of the LCR. We are currently working on further characterization and functional studies of this complex and its significance on the role of the LCR in DNA replication and repair.
The Reconnecting the Hand and Arm with Brain (ReHAB) Commentary on “An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels”

Intracortical brain-machine interfaces are a promising technology for allowing people with chronic and severe neurological disorders that resulted in loss of function to potentially regain those functions through neuroprosthetic devices. The penetrating microelectrode arrays used in almost all previous studies of intracortical brain-machine interfaces in people had a limited recording life (potentially due to issues with long-term biocompatibility), as well as a limited number of recording electrodes with limited distribution in the brain. Significant advances are required in this array interface to deal with the issues of long-term biocompatibility and lack of distributed recordings. The Musk and Neuralink manuscript proposes a novel and potentially disruptive approach to advancing the brain-electrode interface technology, with the potential of addressing many of these hurdles. Our commentary addresses the potential advantages of the proposed approach, as well as the remaining challenges to be addressed.
Influence and values: The connection between participation and commitment in family firms

Abstract Family commitment is critical for the continuity of a family firm, and family ownership does not always translate into a higher commitment to the firm in family members. The heterogeneity among family firms in terms of family members’ commitment may be due to varying degrees of family participation and influence in the firm. In this study, we utilize the theory of psychological ownership to propose that participation, influence, value congruence and commitment are related. Specifically, we hypothesize that family influence and value congruence mediate the relationship between family participation and commitment. Our study expands the current understanding of participation and commitment by recognizing that not all types of participation are the same. Specifically, we investigate how various types of participation affect members’ influence in the firm and their attitude toward the firm.
Froin's Syndrome Secondary to Traumatic and Infectious Etiology.

The protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important diagnostic tool and, when abnormal, can provide clinicians with clues to the etiology of a patient's condition. Froin's syndrome has been described in previous literature as the combination of xanthochromia, elevated protein, and hypercoagulated CSF. The pathophysiology behind Froin's syndrome is thought to be due to stagnant CSF causing passive and/or active diffusive processes, resulting in hyperproteinosis and hypercoagulation. We present a case of Froin's syndrome in a patient with cervical spine trauma whose extraordinary level of CSF proteinosis helped raise suspicion for underlying obstructive and infectious etiology.
Visualizing Age, Period, and Cohort Patterns of Substance Use in the U.S. Opioid Crisis:

Descriptions of the contemporary U.S. opioid crisis emphasize several “waves” of overdose deaths. However, a focus on trends in overdose deaths may obscure important sociological dynamics. The auth...
Reimplantation Bypass Using One Limb of a Double-Origin Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Treatment of a Ruptured Fusiform Aneurysm: Case Report

Background and importance Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are uncommon, and aneurysms associated with anatomical PICA variants are even rarer. Although often treated endovascularly, aneurysms associated with anatomical PICA variants may not be suitable for endovascular intervention because of the risk of compromise of brainstem perforators and may be more amenable to open techniques. This case report describes the successful treatment of an aneurysm associated with a double-origin PICA (DOPICA) by distally reimplanting one of the PICA limbs. Clinical presentation A 78-yr-old man with a Hunt-Hess grade III, Fisher grade IV subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured distal right PICA aneurysm associated with a DOPICA was treated with PICA-PICA bypass and trapping of the aneurysm. This is the first reported case in the literature of successful bypass of a DOPICA-associated aneurysm. Radiographically, the bypass remained patent with successful obliteration of the aneurysm, and at discharge from the hospital, the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and modified Rankin Scale score of 3. Conclusion This case demonstrates a novel reimplantation bypass for a ruptured aneurysm that exploits this rare variant anatomy of a DOPICA.
Incorrect Molecular Weights due to inaccurate Prestained Protein Molecular Weight Markers that are used for Gel Electrophoresis and Western Blotting

The most widely used Western blotting protein standards are prestained proteins of known molecular mass (kDa). They are also utilized for sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the molecular mass of proteins separated by electrophoresis. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of different commercially available protein standards in predicting accurate protein molecular weights. We performed this experiment by running Criterion TGX gels with five prestained protein standards (Thermo Fisher SeeBlue Plus 2, Bio-Rad Precision Plus Protein Dual-color, Thermo Fisher Spectra Multi-color, Novex-Sharp Pre-stained, and Invitrogen iBright Pre-Stained). To evaluate their accuracy, we utilized highly purified Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA, 66.44 kDa) and Cytochrome C (Cyto C, 11.62 kDa). We also made use of the dimers of BSA (132.88 kDa) and Cyt C (23.24 kDa) that are present on SDS-PAGE gels. Our results suggest that three of the standards were less accurate at higher molecular masses with the iBright marker having the highest error in determining the expected 132.88 kDa molecular weight. The SeeBlue Plus 2 was accurate at identifying the 132.88 kDa molecular weight protein band but was less reliable for the three other lower molecular weight proteins. These findings have significant implications for the determination of protein masses because researchers rely on these standards to evaluate the molecular masses of their protein(s). We suggest that at least two different protein standards should be initially used in electrophoresis gels and for Western blotting in order to get accurate protein molecular weight results.
Integrating existing climate adaptation planning into future visions: A strategic scenario for the central Arizona–Phoenix region

Abstract Cities face a number of challenges to ensure that people’s well-being and ecosystem integrity are not only maintained but improved for current and future generations. Urban planning must account for the diverse and changing interactions among the social, ecological, and technological systems (SETS) of a city. Cities struggle with long-range approaches to explore, anticipate, and plan for sustainability and resilience—and scenario development is one way to address this need. In this paper, we present the framework for developing what we call ‘strategic’ scenarios, which are scenarios or future visions created from governance documents expressing unrealized municipal priorities and goals. While scenario approaches vary based on diverse planning and decision-making objectives, only some offer tangible, systemic representations of existing plans and goals for the future that can be explored as an assessment and planning tool for sustainability and resilience. Indeed, the strategic scenarios approach presented here (1) emphasizes multi-sectoral and interdisciplinary interventions; (2) identifies systemic conflicts, tradeoffs, and synergies among existing planning goals; and (3) incorporates as yet unrealized goals and strategies representative of urban short-term planning initiatives. We present an example strategic scenario for the Central Arizona–Phoenix metropolitan region, and discuss the utility of the strategic scenario in long-term thinking for future sustainability and resilience in urban research and practice. This approach brings together diverse—sometimes competing—strategies and offers the opportunity to explore outcomes by comparing and contrasting their implications and tradeoffs, and evaluating the resulting strategic scenario against scenarios developed through alternative, participatory approaches.
The Property-Tax Bundle of Rights

This Article introduces the concept of a property-tax bundle of rights. There i s no property without tax; tax inevitably affects property rights. America has settled into an absolute conception of the property-tax bundle, under which private individuals have absolute power over their property for all time after an initial payment of a flattened wage tax. The project of property, from Blackstone to Coase, has sought alignment of the private and public interests. The absolute conception works well for things. But neither property nor tax theory have checked the unlimited powers granted to the owners of private capital: Money has slipped through the cracks i n our thoughts. This Article traces the evolution of the absolute property-tax bundle through the death of all second taxes on capital and the Rule against Perpetuities. It then contrasts a fiduciary conception of the bundle, which changes tax from a flattened prepaid to a progressive postpaid or spending tax. This removes the right to waste from a property owner’s bundle of rights and thus generalizes an insight credited to Jefferson: The fiduciary conception places all wealth in usufruct for the living. It is a promising idea for a reasonable society in an age of great wealth and great inequality. The fiduciary conception ensures that America’s billionaires will maintain their wealth i n a common pool for the good of all, returning to the alignment of interests sought by liberal theorists at l east since Locke.
Sex and death.

Abstract Sexual interactions negatively impact health and longevity in many species across the animal kingdom. C. elegans has been established as a good model to study how mating and intense sexual interactions influence longevity of the individuals. In this chapter, we review the most recent discoveries in this field. We first describe the phenotypes caused by intense mating, including shrinking, fat loss, and glycogen loss. We then describe three major mechanisms underlying mating-induced killing: germline activation, seminal fluid transfer, and male pheromone-mediated toxicity. Next, we summarize the current knowledge of genetic pathways involved in regulating mating-induced death, including DAF-9/DAF-12 steroid signaling, Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), and TOR signaling. Finally, we discuss the possible fitness benefits of mating-induced death. Throughout this review, we compare and contrast mating-induced death between the sexes and among different species in an effort to discuss this phenomenon and underlying mechanisms from the evolutionary perspective. Further investigation using mated C. elegans will improve our understanding of sexual antagonism, as well as the coordination between reproduction and somatic longevity in response to various external signals. Due to the evolutionary conservation in many aspects of mating-induced death, what we learn from a short-lived mated worm could provide new strategies to improve our own fitness and longevity.
Cross Cultural Issues in Medicine

With a population of 33 million people, Californians represent approximately 12 percent of the entire US population. The face of California, as well as all of America, has and will continue to become increasingly racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse. By the year 2010, California’s white non-Latino population will no longer be the majority group. These facts highlight by sheer numbers the challenges that California health care systems face as they seek to provide excellent health care while competing for a culturally diverse patient base. Competing needs must be juggled—e.g., improving access to health care services, controlling costs, maintaining community and cultural sensitivity, demonstrating acceptable health care outcomes.
The Determinants of Credit Spread Changes

Using dealer's quotes and transactions prices on straight industrial bonds, we investigate the determinants of credit spread changes. Variables that should in theory determine credit spread changes have rather limited explanatory power. Further, the residuals from this regression are highly cross-correlated, and principal components analysis implies they are mostly driven by a single common factor. Although we consider several macroeconomic and financial variables as candidate proxies, we cannot explain this common systematic component. Our results suggest that monthly credit spread changes are principally driven by local supply/demand shocks that are independent of both credit-risk factors and standard proxies for liquidity.
Periconception glycemic control and congenital anomalies in women with pregestational diabetes.

Introduction To assess the relationship between periconception glycemic control and congenital anomalies in a contemporary, diverse population of women with pregestational diabetes. Research design and methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women with pregestational diabetes at a single institution (2003–2017) in the USA. The primary outcome was frequency of major or minor congenital anomalies. Glycemic control was assessed by periconception glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The association of periconception HbA1c with pregnancy outcomes was assessed using bivariable and multivariable analyses. Results Our sample included 351 women, of which 63.8% had type 2 diabetes. Our study cohort is racially and ethnically diverse, with approximately equal numbers of women identifying as white non-Hispanic, black non-Hispanic and Hispanic, with 3.4% identifying as Asian. Of these 351 women, 52 (14.8%) had a fetus with a congenital anomaly, of whom the majority (n=43) had a major anomaly. Over half (51.1%) of all major anomalies were cardiovascular. Compared with the group with the best glycemic control (HbA1c ≤7.4%), which had an anomaly frequency of 10.2%, the frequency of congenital anomalies increased significantly with each category of worsening glycemic control (HbA1c 7.5%–9.4%: 20.6%, adjusted OR (aOR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 5.13; HbA1c 9.5% to 11.4%: 25.8%, aOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.59; HbA1c ≥11.5%: 37.5%, aOR 7.66, 95% CI 2.27 to 25.9). Conclusion In a diverse cohort of women with pregestational diabetes, higher periconception HbA1c, especially HbA1c >9.5, was significantly associated with major congenital fetal anomalies. Our study sample is reflective of the current population of pregnant women with diabetes, including women with type 2 diabetes and from racial and ethnic minorities.
Diplomatic identity and communication: using Q methodology to assess subjective perceptions of diplomatic practitioners

This paper initiates exploration of how self-perceptions of role and identity held by public diplomats may impact the practice of public diplomacy. It validates Q Methodology, a scientific method for the study of subjective perception, as a means of identifying, categorizing, and analyzing self-perceptions. Researchers surveyed American public diplomats regarding attributes that they ascribe to the role of diplomatic communicator, successfully identified and categorized such attributes, identified clusters of difference within the subject group, and correlated those differences to demographic factors. This paper focused on the results of one survey group. Future cross-sectional and longitudinal research will compare these perceptions to those of other groups, including across cultural and national boundaries.
Analysis of correlated responses in key ejaculatory traits to artificial selection on a diversifying secondary sexual trait

Abstract Positive genetic covariance between male sexual display traits and fertilizing capacity can arise through different mechanisms and has important implications for sexual trait evolution. Evidence for such genetic covariance is rare, and when it has been found, specific physiological traits underlying variation in fertilization success linked to trait expression have not been identified. A previous study of correlated responses to bidirectional artificial selection on the male sex comb, a secondary sexual trait, in Drosophila bipectinata Duda documented a positive genetic correlation between sexual trait size and competitive fertilization success, and found that transcript levels of multiple seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) were significantly increased in the large sex comb (high) genetic lines. These results suggest that changes in SFP activity may be a causal factor underlying the increased fertilizing capacity of high line males. Here, we tested for correlated responses to this selection in a suite of additional reproductive traits, measured in the context of variation in male age and exposure to rivals. Whereas several traits including sperm length, number and viability, and accessory gland size, increased with age, only sperm viability was influenced by selection treatment, but in complex fashion. Sperm viability of high line males surpassed that of their smaller-combed counterparts when they had been housed with rivals and were 5–6 days old or older. Interestingly, this interaction effect was evident for sperm sampled from the female seminal receptacle, but not from the male seminal vesicles (where sperm have yet to be combined with accessory gland products), consistent with the differential SFP activity between the lines previously found. Our results suggest that differences in sperm quality (as viability) may be a contributing factor to the positive genetic correlation between sexual trait size and competitive fertilization capacity in D. bipectinata.
Unbroken: A Critical Autoethnography of a Black Woman’s Doctoral Experience During BLM

In this critical autoethnography, I examine my lived experiences as a Black woman doctoral student during the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement. Further, as I recount my academic journey in the wake of assaults to Black life and resulting Black resistance, I discuss the pedagogical interventions of Black women faculty members that made me feel as if my life and work mattered in their classrooms. I revisit spoken word poems and class assignments written between 2015 and 2017 along with news articles documenting national events occurring at the time as relevant texts to help me explore and understand my experiences. I utilize Critical Race Theory as an analytic lens, focusing on the following tenets: persistence of racism, critique of color-evasiveness, and counterstorytelling. I conclude with implications regarding how introducing graduate students to critical theory and methodologies can equip them with the tools to empirically explore and articulate their lived realities. Moreover, I discuss how such explorations can be validating and healing as students navigate particularly challenging academic and sociohistorical contexts. Additionally, I describe how providing students with creative outlets to express themselves in coursework can help them process their experiences and produce material that is humanizing, liberating, and life-giving.