cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty Due to Unrecognized 180° Rotation of the Mobile-Bearing Tibial Insert: A Case Report.

Case: A woman presented with continuously worsening right knee pain and stiffness six years after a total knee arthroplasty. During revision total knee arthroplasty, we discovered that the rotating-platform tibial component was rotated 180°. This likely occurred during a minor bedside fall on postoperative day one after the index procedure. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a 180° rotation of the rotating tibial insert can occur with minimal trauma, resulting in persistent pain and stiffness. This cause of pain should be added to the differential diagnosis of patients with pain after total knee arthroplasty with a rotating-platform tibial insert.
Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) Is Elevated in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Introduction Pulmonary vascular endothelial activation has been implicated in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), yet little is known about the presence and role of endothelial activation markers in the alveolar space in ARDS. We hypothesized that endothelial activation biomarkers would be differentially expressed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with ARDS compared with healthy volunteers, and that biomarker concentrations would be associated with ARDS severity. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 26 intubated patients with ARDS undergoing evaluation for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and five healthy volunteers. Patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage a median of five days after intubation. Healthy volunteers also underwent bronchoalveolar lavage. Endothelial activation biomarkers (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [sVCAM-1], soluble endothelial selectin [sESEL], angiopoietin-1 [Ang-1] and angiopoietin-2 [Ang-2]) were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia was confirmed with microbiologic culture data. Results Patients with ARDS had significantly higher median sVCAM-1 concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with healthy volunteers (985 vs 119 pg/mL, p = 0.03). Additionally, there was a trend toward greater bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sVCAM-1 concentrations among patients with moderate/severe compared to mild ARDS (1395 vs 209 pg/mL, p = 0.06). We did not detect significant differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of sESEL, Ang-1 or Ang-2 between patients with ARDS and healthy volunteers. Median bronchoalveolar lavage fluid biomarker levels did not differ between patients with and without microbiologically-confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia. Conclusions sVCAM-1 concentrations were significantly higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with ARDS compared to healthy controls, and tended to be higher in moderate/severe ARDS compared to mild ARDS. Our findings add to the growing evidence supporting the concept that endothelial activation plays an important mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Further studies are necessary to characterize the role and/or clinical significance of sVCAM-1 and other endothelial activation markers present in the alveolar space in ARDS.
Understanding & Exploiting Today's Stock Prices: A New Strategic Agenda for CFOs

We now live in a world where non-investment grade industrials do and really should trade at 2-3x EBITDA. This is true, despite historical market multiples and precedent transactions being in the 5-7x EBITDA range. It all starts with the fixed income markets. We have entered a new era for corporate valuations, where the impact of fixed income market illiquidity has culminated in dramatically lower enterprise values through a multitude of mechanisms. All this has had a profound impact on corporate strategies to maximize shareholder value. We outline six new imperatives for the Finance strategic agenda in light of these changes in corporate valuation.
Response of Apple Maggot Flies to Rectangles of Different Colors and Shades

In experiments conducted in a large, white laboratory flight chamber, significantly more adult Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) arrived on 15×20-cm rectangles painted Lemon Yellow enamel than on similar rectangles painted light green, blue, light orange, red, white, 6 shades of gray, or black enamel, or covered with aluminum foil or constructed of clear Plexiglas®. When interpreted in the light of the respective spectral reflectance curves, these data are clear evidence that (1) the strong response of the flies to yellow is primarily one to the hue of yellow and not primarily one to the intensity of light reflected from yellow, (2) the response to yellow is one of positive attraction and is not merely the result of repulsion by other hues or shades, and (3) radiation in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum is not attractive. In experiments conducted in apple trees, significantly more apple maggot flies were captured on sticky-coated 15×20-cm rectangles painted daylight fluorescent Saturn Yellow than on similar rectangles painted daylight fluorescent Lightning Yellow, Arc Yellow, Signal Green, or Fire Orange, or painted Lemon Yellow enamel or covered with aluminum foil. It is proposed that yellow color, particularly Saturn Yellow, is so attractive to the flies because it constitutes a “supernormal” foliage-type stimulus eliciting food-seeking and/or host plant-seeking behavior. When compared with stickycoated 7.5-cm-diam red spheres, sticky-coated 15×20-cm rectangles of Saturn Yellow captured a comparable number of apple maggot flies during the 1st 2 weeks of the fly season but fewer and fewer flies in comparison with the spheres as the season progressed. However, under circumstances where the positioning of the devices in the trees might be less than optimum, a medium or large surface of Saturn Yellow combined with a simple ammonia-type compound could prove more effective than a red sphere as a monitoring device for the flies.
Gamma ray production cross sections in 127 I by inelastic neutron scattering

We have measured the cross sections for the production of 57 keV and 202 keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays (corresponding to the ground state deexcitations of the first two excited states of $^{127}\mathrm{I}$) in the inelastic scattering of 2.8 and 14.1 MeV neutrons. At 2.8 MeV, the cross sections for the 57 and 202 keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays are, respectively, 0.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 and 0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 b; at 14.1 MeV the cross sections are 0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 and 0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 b.
Evaluation of the heats of formation of corannulene and C60 by means of inexpensive theoretical procedures.

Inexpensive ab initio procedures that employ homologous sequences of isodesmic reactions for the calculation of enthalpies of formation of moderate-sized organic molecules were tested with benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and triphenylene. Two size-consistent adjustable parameters were found to bring the calculated values within the uncertainty of the experimental values. These procedures were then applied to C20H10 (corannulene) and C60 (buckminsterfullerene). The results, specifically, ΔfH2980(C20H10) = 484 ± 4 kJ mol–1 and ΔfH2980(C60) = 2531 ± 15 kJ mol–1, are in excellent agreement with both the recent definitive W1h calculations of Karton et al. for corannulene [ΔfH2980(C20H10) = 485.2 ± 7.9 kJ mol–1] and their estimated value for buckminsterfullerene [ΔfH2980(C60) = 2521.6 ± 13.6 kJ mol–1] (J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 117, 1834−1842). We support their conclusion that the experimental values should be reexamined.
Role of Particle Size and Polymer Length in Rheology of Colloid–Polymer Composites

The effect of particle size on the flow properties of composite melts is explored. We investigate a system composed of silica particles with diameter Dc = 127–730 nm in unentangled poly(ethylene glycol) of two molecular weights (400 with degree of polymerization ∼9 and 2000 with degree of polymerization of 45). At low concentration, silica particles are stabilized by the adsorbed polymer layer as indicated by intrinsic viscosities slightly larger than the Einstein value of 2.5. Huggins coefficients indicate that at low concentration in PEG400 the particles behave very much like hard spheres, while in PEG2000 the particles experience very weak attractions. At high volume fraction, the absorbed polymer layers begin to interact such that hard-sphere scaling no longer applies to linear and nonlinear rheological responses. In PEG2000, at elevated volume fractions, the particles with stronger attractions experience kinetic arrest with average particle surface separations much larger than the polymer radius of g...
Constructing “the Other” Media Representations of Katrina Evacuees in Houston, Texas

This article examines the Houston Chronicle’s construction of the Katrina evacuees as “the other.” Critical race theory informs the qualitative document analysis of 12 months of newspaper coverage ...
Memory Efficient PCA Methods for Large Group ICA.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for data reduction in group independent component analysis (ICA) of fMRI data. Commonly, group-level PCA of temporally concatenated datasets is computed prior to ICA of the group principal components. This work focuses on reducing very high dimensional temporally concatenated datasets into its group PCA space. Existing randomized PCA methods can determine the PCA subspace with minimal memory requirements and, thus, are ideal for solving large PCA problems. Since the number of dataloads is not typically optimized, we extend one of these methods to compute PCA of very large datasets with a minimal number of dataloads. This method is coined multi power iteration (MPOWIT). The key idea behind MPOWIT is to estimate a subspace larger than the desired one, while checking for convergence of only the smaller subset of interest. The number of iterations is reduced considerably (as well as the number of dataloads), accelerating convergence without loss of accuracy. More importantly, in the proposed implementation of MPOWIT, the memory required for successful recovery of the group principal components becomes independent of the number of subjects analyzed. Highly efficient subsampled eigenvalue decomposition techniques are also introduced, furnishing excellent PCA subspace approximations that can be used for intelligent initialization of randomized methods such as MPOWIT. Together, these developments enable efficient estimation of accurate principal components, as we illustrate by solving a 1600-subject group-level PCA of fMRI with standard acquisition parameters, on a regular desktop computer with only 4GB RAM, in just a few hours. MPOWIT is also highly scalable and could realistically solve group-level PCA of fMRI on thousands of subjects, or more, using standard hardware, limited only by time, not memory. Also, the MPOWIT algorithm is highly parallelizable, which would enable fast, distributed implementations ideal for big data analysis. Implications to other methods such as expectation maximization PCA (EM PCA) are also presented. Based on our results, general recommendations for efficient application of PCA methods are given according to problem size and available computational resources. MPOWIT and all other methods discussed here are implemented and readily available in the open source GIFT software.
Analysis and Design of Fictive Post-2029 Apophis Intercept Mission for Nuclear Disruption

An impact from asteroid 99942 Apophis now seems unlikely (with an impact probability of approximately four-in-a million). However, in this paper it will be assumed that Apophis passes through a keyhole in 2029 and is inserted into a resonant orbit that will result in an impact on April 13th, 2036. Launch dates utilizing an Interplanetary Ballistic Missile system, capable of carrying up to a 1500 kg nuclear payload, and a total V of 4 km/s are determined. Mission analysis for the 0-revolution rendezvous and intercept mission is performed as well as multiple revolution missions and more complicated mission designs which allow for rendezvous missions to be launched after the last feasible short 0-revolution rendezvous case. In this study it is assumed that for a subsurface nuclear explosion Apophis must be intercepted at least 15 days prior to Earth impact on April 13th, 2036. It is also assumed that if Apophis passes through the keyhole in 2029 a high energy nuclear deflection mission will be required to ensure Apophis doesn’t impact the Earth. Nomenclature a
Analysis of Effects of TB Control in Huaiyuan County in 2002～2007

Objective To evaluate the effect of TB control in Huaiyuan Cuventy in 5 years.Methods To select and analyze the implementation data from Feb,2002 to Mar,2007.Results 10284 TB suspects made clinical consultation to TB dispensaries in the 5 years,2607 positive TB cases had been detected and notified,the notification rate of position TB cases was raised from 25.92/10,000 in 2002 to 58.52/10,000 in 2008.The cure rate of smear positive TB cases was 95.3%.Conclusion Huaiyuan had got the anticipated effect by implementing the modern tuberculosis control strategy.
Quantum Control from the Gas to Condensed Phase

Chirped ultrashort light pulses are used to focus vibrational wavepackets in gas and condensed phase systems and to control the yield of a chemical reaction.
Tornado hazard for structural engineering

Tornado hazards have caused frequent and severe damages to built environment and lives. The severity of the hazards directly relates to the strength of the tornadic events in terms of meteorological parameters, as well as the resistance of buildings to the strong tornadic impacts. The tornado hazards are reviewed from both meteorological and engineering perspectives in this study. For each of the perspectives, current status of tornado hazard studies including the observation, monitoring, analysis, numerical and laboratory simulations, and limitations and future demands of development are discussed. While the two disciplines are fast advancing individually, their interaction and interdependence are deemed prominent and imperative in the future interdisciplinary studies.
Willet R. Willis III, Micromounter and Ambassador of Colorado Mineralogy

A cornerstone of Colorado's mineral record are the collectors whose exploration, discoveries, and collections anchor our present-day knowledge. Early micromounters such as Lazard Cahn and Carroll E...
NIR- and SWIR-based on-orbit vicarious calibrations for satellite ocean color sensors.

The near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR)-based atmospheric correction algorithms are used in satellite ocean color data processing, with the SWIR-based algorithm particularly useful for turbid coastal and inland waters. In this study, we describe the NIR- and two SWIR-based on-orbit vicarious calibration approaches for satellite ocean color sensors, and compare results from these three on-orbit vicarious calibrations using satellite measurements from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP). Vicarious calibration gains for VIIRS spectral bands are derived using the in situ normalized water-leaving radiance nLw(λ) spectra from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) in waters off Hawaii. The SWIR vicarious gains are determined using VIIRS measurements from the South Pacific Gyre region, where waters are the clearest and generally stable. Specifically, vicarious gain sets for VIIRS spectral bands of 410, 443, 486, 551, and 671 nm derived from the NIR method using the NIR 745 and 862 nm bands, the SWIR method using the SWIR 1238 and 1601 nm bands, and the SWIR method using the SWIR 1238 and 2257 nm bands are (0.979954, 0.974892, 0.974685, 0.965832, 0.979042), (0.980344, 0.975344, 0.975357, 0.965531, 0.979518), and (0.980820, 0.975609, 0.975761, 0.965888, 0.978576), respectively. Thus, the NIR-based vicarious calibration gains are consistent with those from the two SWIR-based approaches with discrepancies mostly within ~0.05% from three data processing methods. In addition, the NIR vicarious gains (745 and 862 nm) derived from the two SWIR methods are (0.982065, 1.00001) and (0.981811, 1.00000), respectively, with the difference ~0.03% at the NIR 745 nm band. This is the fundamental basis for the NIR-SWIR combined atmospheric correction algorithm, which has been used to derive improved satellite ocean color products over open oceans and turbid coastal/inland waters. Therefore, a unified vicarious gain set for VIIRS bands M1–M8 and M10–M11 has been implemented in the VIIRS ocean color data processing. Using the unified vicarious gain set, VIIRS mission-long ocean color data have been successfully reprocessed using the NIR-, SWIR-, and NIR-SWIR-based atmospheric correction algorithms.
The incidence of ophthalmologic interventions in children with birth weights less than 1251 grams: Results through 5 1/2 years

Abstract Objective This study aimed to report the frequency of ophthalmologic surgical and medical therapies provided to children with birth weights less than 1251 g who had all stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In addition, this study aimed to report the initial age at which such procedures are provided and to report the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Design Observational case series with prospective data collection. Participants Children from the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) with birth weights less than 1251 g served as subjects. Group A included 257 children from all 23 CRYO-ROP study centers who had threshold ROP, who had participated in the randomized trial of cryotherapy, and who had survived to age 1 year. Group B included 1208 children from 5 of the 23 study centers who had varying severity of ROP (69 had threshold ROP) and who had participated in a 512-year study of the natural history of ROP. Main outcome measures Investigators documented medical and surgical ophthalmologic interventions through age 512 years as well as cerebrospinal fluid shunting surgery for hydrocephalus through age 2 years. Results Group A was composed of 257 children with threshold ROP who underwent 226 ocular interventions in addition to cryotherapy (0.9 intervention per child). The most common treatments performed on the randomized cohort of children were vitrectomy (26% of patients), lensectomy (18%), amblyopia therapy (20%), and strabismus surgery (10%). Cataract surgery not associated with vitrectomy was performed infrequently (2%) and was performed equally often in treated and control eyes. Amblyopia therapy was prescribed as often for treated as for control eyes. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts were placed in 11% of these children. Group B was composed of 1208 natural history patients who underwent 239 ophthalmologic interventions (0.4 intervention per child). Strabismus surgery was the most commonly performed procedure for the natural history cohort of children (6% of the children). Amblyopia therapy was prescribed for 7% of the natural history patients. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts were required by 3% of the natural history infants, more often in children with more severe ROP. Conclusions These premature infants underwent a large number of ophthalmologic treatments during the first 512 years of life. The long-term costs of both extreme prematurity and ROP include not only the initial ablative therapy for ROP and societal loss due to blindness that still occurs in some cases, but also the ongoing costs of caring for eye problems.
Understanding the superior thermoelectric performance of Sb precipitated Ge17Sb2Te20

Composites were ruled out more than thirty years ago as a means of enhancing the figure-of-merit, and therefore conversion efficiency, of thermoelectric materials. However, recently it has been experimentally proven that the shortcomings of composite thermoelectric materials can be overcome using nanostructured secondary phases. Phase change materials, which have found applications in nonvolatile memory storage, have been identified as an alternative to Pb-based chalcogenide thermoelectric materials. Research has revealed that the thermoelectric figure-of-merit for these compounds can be increased using secondary phases in the absence of nanostructuring. The following work has studied the effects of secondary phases of Sb on the thermoelectric properties of Ge17Sb2Te20. This work has found that secondary phases of elemental Sb introduce additional charge carrier scattering that leads to increased power factor values and figure-of-merit values in excess of a factor of 2, further emphasizing the importance of revisiting composites for enhancing the performance of thermoelectric materials.
Pre-foster Care Maltreatment Class as a Predictor of Maltreatment in Foster Care

The majority of youth in the foster care system have been removed from their homes as means of protection against parental maltreatment. Studies have shown, however, that foster youth may continue to experience maltreatment after they have entered the child welfare system (Poertner et al. in Child Youth Serv Rev 21(7):549–563, 1999; Tittle et al. in Urbana 51:61801, 2008). In this study, we explore how maltreatment prior to foster care entry may predict maltreatment while in care for youth who are preparing to emancipate. Using latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression, we find that current or former foster youth with histories of multiple maltreatment (particularly, combined pre-foster care histories of neglect and physical abuse) are more likely to report neglect, physical abuse and sexual abuse in care than those with histories of low maltreatment. These youth should be the target of prevention efforts in child welfare agencies.
Diterpenes - The Gibberellin Biosynthetic Pathway in Zea Mays

Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of tetracyclic diterpenes that are probably of universal occurrence in the plant kingdom. They are also present (although with unknown function) in the fungi, Gibberella fujikuroi and Sphaceloma manihoticola. As phytohormones, these gibberellins stimulate a wide variety of responses, including the mobilization of storage starch during germination, flowering (indirect), fruit set, fruit size and shoot elongation. There are numerous reviews that describe the effects of GAs on the growth and differentiation of higher plants (for example,1–3). There is also considerable literature on the biosynthesis of the gibberellins (for reviews and symposia reports see4–10). In contrast, information on the enzymology of gibberellin metabolism has proceeded at a slower pace, due in part to difficulties arising from the low levels of the cyclases and oxidases that control steps in the biosynthetic pathway, especially those subsequent to GA12-aldehyde.
Development and Evaluation of a Probabilistic Local Search Algorithm for Complex Dynamic Indoor Construction Sites

AbstractThe nature of an indoor construction site is dynamic and complex. This characteristic becomes even more evident when a multitude of interactions among workers, equipment, and materials exis...
Emergency business management and internet connectivity

Abstract Many technology experts believe the internet cannot be shut down as it was built by the military to be redundant. Organizations have accepted this premise and generally do not have the means to ensure continuing connectivity in the face of disruption. As early as 1997, however, the internet did experience disruption, leaving millions of users disconnected. It is argued that because the internet has been embedded into all business operations it is necessary for managers to review their policies regarding continued connectivity should a disruption occur. In this article I offer several practical suggestions regarding how managers can continue to operate critical processes in the face of short or extended internet outages. Further, I suggest that a view of corporate data processes based on traditional accounting perspectives needs to be revised to consider these data processes as a matrix interacting across customer, vendor, employee, and human interfaces.
Regulation of NaCl Transport in Tight Epithelia

Regulation by vertebrates of the amount of salt in the body is accomplished by the controlled transport of Na and Cl ions by various epithelial tissues. The amount of NaCl retained in the body determines, in turn, the volume of extra-and intracellular water, which must be maintained within narrow limits. This review will focus on the mechanisms controlling a specific transport process, the reabsorption of NaCl, by a class of high resistance epithelia represented by the mammalian cortical collecting tubule, the amphibian skin, the colon in mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, and the urinary bladders of mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. These mechanisms involve modulations in the activities of ion channels, ion pumps, and metabolic processes. The major thesis of this chapter will be that different types of control mechanisms govern these processes on different time scales.
Cellular mechanism of the insulin-like effect of growth hormone in adipocytes. Rapid translocation of the HepG2-type and adipocyte/muscle glucose transporters.

The cellular mechanism whereby growth hormone (GH) acutely stimulates adipocyte glucose uptake was studied in cultures of primary rat adipocytes differentiated in vitro. Preadipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion of inguinal fat-pads from young rats and were differentiated in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, insulin and dexamethasone. The development of an adipocyte morphology (i.e. lipid inclusions) was observed over 6 days after initiation of differentiation. Coincident with this phenotypic change was an increase in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and in cellular content of the HepG2-type (Glut1) and adipocyte/muscle (Glut4) glucose transporter isoforms as determined by Western immunoblotting of total cellular protein. Age-matched undifferentiated cells expressed the Glut1 transporter and low levels of GPDH, but neither accumulated lipid nor exhibited measurable expression of the Glut4 protein. On day 6 after the initiation of differentiation, GH and insulin stimulated 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in adipocytes cultured under serum-free conditions for at least 15 h. Western-blot analysis of subcellular fractions revealed that both GH and insulin rapidly (within 20 min) stimulated translocation of the Glut1 and Glut4 proteins from a low-density microsomal fraction to the plasma membrane. Confirmatory evidence was provided in immunocytochemical experiments utilizing antisera directed against the C-terminal region of the Glut4 protein and a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled second antibody. Observation of the cells via confocal laser microscopic imaging was consistent with glucose transporter redistribution from an intracellular region to the plasma membrane after treatment with GH or insulin. On the basis of these data, we suggest that the insulin-like effect of GH on adipocyte glucose transport involves translocation of the Glut1 and Glut4 proteins to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, stimulation of glucose-transporter translocation by both GH and insulin may indicate a common cell signalling element between the adipocyte GH and insulin receptors or, alternatively, the existence of multiple cellular mechanisms for stimulating glucose-transporter translocation.
Predictive value of SNOT-22 on additional opiate prescriptions after endoscopic sinus surgery.

BACKGROUND Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is generally well tolerated, yet a subset of patients require an additional opiate prescription in the postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in both preoperative and immediate postoperative 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores between patients with a single prescription and those requiring additional opiate prescriptions (AOPs). METHODS Patients undergoing ESS between November 2016 and August 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The Medical and Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES) records were reviewed; patients requiring AOP within 60 days after surgery were identified. The primary and secondary outcomes of interest were the association of baseline and first postoperative visit SNOT-22 total and domain scores with AOP. RESULTS A total of 121 patients were reviewed, 22 (18.2%) required AOP. Baseline SNOT-22 scores were higher in aggregate (58.7 ± 16.0 vs 46.1 ± 22.5) and ear/facial domain (11.4 ± 4.8 vs 8.5 ± 5.4) in the AOP group (p < 0.01). AOP patients also demonstrated higher scores across all SNOT-22 domains (p < 0.001) at the immediate preoperative visit. There was no difference in the absolute improvement between groups (15.5 ± 18.30 vs 12.3 ± 23.9, p = 0.54). AOP patients experienced less relative improvement (20.2% vs 34.8%, p < 0.05) and smaller mean effect size (0.57 vs 0.70, p < 0.001) after ESS. CONCLUSION Patients reporting increased ear and facial symptoms at baseline have an increased risk of additional opiate prescription after surgery; preoperative SNOT-22 scores may provide utility in identifying these patients. Subjects in both cohorts report symptomatic improvement after ESS; however, relative, not absolute, improvement in SNOT-22 scores is more predictive of AOP.
Color-Constant information embedding

We propose a technique to embed information in the color of a printed surface. One or more reference surfaces are used to help compensate for the color changes due to varying illuminants. Seven different techniques, some of which are novel, are considered for color compensation. Experiments using different performance metrics are presented, providing a comparative assessment of the various algorithms and highlighting the importance of the correct choice of reference surfaces.
Predicting Subgrade Resilient Modulus for Use in the MEPDG Using Common Soil Indices

In roadway pavement design, one must consider the performance of the pavement structure and mixture design. The tendency for pavement to be more flexible in nature gives increased importance to the properties and condition of the underlying soil subgrade. Traditional foundation design normally considers the static strength response of the soil from stationary loads. Roadway pavement design, however, must consider the dynamic strength response created by moving traffic loads. This dynamic strength of soil, or “stiffness,” is known as its resilient modulus (MR). The resilient modulus is determined by costly and time-consuming laboratory tests. For these reasons, it would be greatly beneficial to find an effective, yet simpler method to determine the values of MR. The goal of this study was to utilize multiple regression analyses to determine the relationships between common soil index properties, MR, and use these relationships to create an equation to model. The methodology used in the creation of these equations will be described as well as a statistical evaluation of their performance. Subgrade soil property data for 253 different soils found in northeast Texas was mined from Arizona State University’s “National Catalog of Natural Subgrade Properties Needed for the ME-PDG Input.” The common soil index properties studied include five sieve analysis gradations, liquid limit, and plasticity index. These properties were analyzed against MR.
Polysaccharides and polyphenols in sea buckthorn leaf tea have synergistic impact on studied colonic strains in vitro and bacteria in vivo

Present research on prebiotics focuses on either polysaccharides or polyphenols. This study compared the individual and combined impact of polysaccharide, quercetin, and gallic acid (GA) treatment on three human faecal strains. In vitro pure culturing and correlation analysis confirmed that the growth of both beneficial microbe B. longum subsp. longum (0.695, 0.205: R2, slope, respectively) and pathogenic C. perfringens (0.712, 0.085: R2, slope, respectively) increased due to polysaccharide treatment, and only GA treatment would inhibit C. perfringens (0.789, –0.165: R2, slope, respectively) growth. In vivo studies also revealed that genome copies of Bifidobacterium increased and C. perfringens decreased in the faeces, when a blend of the three nutrients rather than single polysaccharide or polyphenols were fed to rats. These data suggested that combined prebiotic treatment improved human faecal strain composition better than single treatment.
Joint Modeling of Multivariate Longitudinal Data and Competing Risks Using Multiphase Sub-models

In many clinical studies that involve follow-up, it is common to observe one or more sequences of longitudinal measurements, as well as one or more time to event outcomes. A competing risks situation arises when the probability of occurrence of one event is altered/hindered by another time to event. Recently, there has been much attention paid to the joint analysis of a single longitudinal response and a single time to event outcome, when the missing data mechanism in the longitudinal process is non-ignorable. We, in this paper, propose an extension where multiple longitudinal responses are jointly modeled with competing risks (multiple time to events). Our shared parameter joint model consists of a system of multiphase non-linear mixed effects sub-models for the multiple longitudinal responses, and a system of cause-specific non-proportional hazards frailty sub-models for competing risks, with associations among multiple longitudinal responses and competing risks modeled using latent parameters. The joint model is applied to a data set of patients who are on mechanical circulatory support and are awaiting heart transplant, using readily available software. While on the mechanical circulatory support, patient liver and renal functions may worsen and these in turn may influence one of the two possible competing outcomes: (i) death before transplant; (ii) transplant. In one application, we propose a system of multiphase cause-specific non-proportional hazard sub-model where frailty can be time varying. Performance under different scenarios was assessed using simulation studies. By using the proposed joint modeling of the multiphase sub-models, one can identify: (i) non-linear trends in multiple longitudinal outcomes; (ii) time-varying hazards and cumulative incidence functions of the competing risks; (iii) identify risk factors for the both types of outcomes, where the effect may or may not change with time; and (iv) assess the association between multiple longitudinal and competing risks outcomes, where the association may or may not change with time.
Functional combination

The algebraic functional operation of combination is introduced as a programming tool. It has a practical semantic interpretation in building functions which return several results, especially when such functions are directly recursive. Example functions are given whose invocations build multiple results from single recursions, including a new algorithm for batch-probing binary search trees from an unordered list of keys which returns an ordered list of hits.
4.10 – Toxic Responses of the Adrenal Medulla☆

The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion composed principally of neuroendocrine cells, known as chromaffin cells, derived from the neural crest. Chromaffin cells secrete the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, together with regulatory peptides, granin proteins, and other constituents of neuroendocrine secretory granules, in response to stress. Glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex induce the expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, thereby maintaining high levels of catecholamine stores. To a lesser extent, released catecholamines reciprocally influence adrenal cortical steroidogenesis. Secretion is stimulated principally by preganglionic sympathetic nerve endings that originate in the splanchnic nerve and synapse on chromaffin cells. The process of stimulus–secretion coupling involves activation of and cross talk between multiple signaling pathways that also contribute to replenishment of secretory products, determine the composition of secretions, and, under some circumstances, stimulate chromaffin cell proliferation. Proliferative lesions, classified according to somewhat arbitrary criteria as adrenal medullary hyperplasia or pheochromocytoma, are the most common pathological findings in the adrenal medulla in toxicological studies. These lesions can occur spontaneously in the course of aging or can be induced by xenobiotic agents. Both spontaneous and induced medullary proliferative lesions tend to be much more frequent in rats than in mice and, in rats, most studies report a higher incidence in males than in females. The frequency of these lesions in rats is also affected by dietary modifications. Most of the agents that induce adrenal medullary proliferative lesions are nongenotoxic, suggesting that mechanisms involved in normal chromaffin cell function contribute to the pathogenesis of the lesions. Experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is available for a few agents.
Risk Factors for Peripheral Nerve Injury After 207,000 Total Hip Arthroplasties Using a New York State Database (Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System).

Abstract Background Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a devastating complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for PNI after THA using a New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). Methods The SPARCS database was queried to identify patients who had undergone THA from 1996 to 2011. Patient demographics, medical history, surgical details, hospital characteristics, and in-hospital complications were recorded. Cases in which a new unilateral PNI was identified were compiled, as were control cases in which a new PNI did not occur. The characteristics of cases and controls underwent univariate testing and a multivariate logistic regression using Akaike information criterion model selection to identify risk factors for the development of PNI after THA. Results 207,981 cases were identified, and 487 were coded as having a new PNI. Preexisting spinal conditions (odds ratio [OR] = 2.55, confidence interval [CI] = 1.61-3.83) were strongly correlated with the development of PNI postoperatively, as was dislocation (OR = 2.58, CI = 1.01-5.30) and diabetes with chronic complications (OR = 2.26, CI = 0.96-4.43). Younger age, in-hospital complications, and thromboembolic events were also associated with postoperative PNI. Conclusion The incidence of PNI after THA was consistent with previous large-scale studies but may under-represent the true incidence because of undercoding inherent in large database studies. Previous spine disorder, chronic diabetes, younger age, and in-hospital postoperative complications all increased the risk of PNI. This study can help health-care providers and systems identify patients at higher risk of this serious complication.
In Praise of Small Data: When You Might Consider N-of-1 Studies

The era of big data is well upon us, and understandably, there is much excitement over what we can learn from so much data and new big data analyses. However, big data often comes with big challenges, such as issues around data privacy and retention and resource constraints like battery life and storage. Moreover, big data may often not actually be able to tell us what we want to know. Many of the analyses based on big data may tell us only correlations, not causes. Or, they may only tell us about how a large group of people behaves, not necessarily an individual. In this article, I'll describe some reasons why you might want to take a small data approach, sometimes called Single Case designs or N-of-1 studies, how you might do it, and provide an example of a mobile app we built that applied these designs for self-experimentation with gastrointestinal health.
Giving ideas that won’t get rejected: how personal identity relates to idea-taking in creative collaboration

Through an inductive and qualitative field study of creative collaboration among R&D scientists, I examined how the personal identities of project leaders related to their willingness to accept (i....
How Low Can You Go? Calling Robust ATAC-Seq Peaks Through Read Down-Sampling

Chromatin accessibility provides an important window into the regulation of gene expression. Recently, the Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) was developed to profile genome-wide chromatin accessibility. In this work we analyzed 193 ATAC-seq samples from 12 studies to determine the robustness of peaks, as well as their specificity across studies. We employ a read-downsampling approach and find that even samples which have high average read-depth yield poorly powered peaks using conventional pipelines. Finding that many peaks are sensitive to slight perturbations in read-sampling, we develop an approach to improve the robustness of peak signals and apply this novel method to detect differential accessibility between the amygdala and cortex. Most peak calling results heavily and unreasonably depend on the absolute number of reads, easily yielding artifacts when differential peak evaluations are performed. These problems can be ameliorated by resampling reads to determine the robust aggregate result.
Dynamic design for technical communication

This report examines current research regarding effective document and interface design for users with varying levels of visual acuity. We argue for ongoing technical and professional communication (TPC) inclusive design practices that adopt a version of evidence-based practice (EBP) as a potentially effective approach towards optimizing research and development. We also discuss best practices and dynamic guidelines for building an encompassing accessibility experience that addresses a more complex set of user needs than is often considered. We focus on design issues affecting users with low vision in this study and detail an emerging research partnership with our local Veteran's Affairs Visual Impairment Specialist Team (VIST).
Eutherian-Specific Gene TRIML2 Attenuates Inflammation in the Evolution of Placentation.

Evolution of highly invasive placentation in the stem lineage of eutherians and subsequent extension of pregnancy set eutherians apart from other mammals, that is, marsupials with short-lived placentas, and oviparous monotremes. Recent studies suggest that eutherian implantation evolved from marsupial attachment reaction, an inflammatory process induced by the direct contact of fetal placenta with maternal endometrium after the breakdown of the shell coat, and shortly before the onset of parturition. Unique to eutherians, a dramatic downregulation of inflammation after implantation prevents the onset of premature parturition, and is critical for the maintenance of gestation. This downregulation likely involved evolutionary changes on maternal as well as fetal/placental side. Tripartite-motif family-like2 (TRIML2) only exists in eutherian genomes and shows preferential expression in preimplantation embryos, and trophoblast-derived structures, such as chorion and placental disc. Comparative genomic evidence supports that TRIML2 originated from a gene duplication event in the stem lineage of Eutheria that also gave rise to eutherian TRIML1. Compared with TRIML1, TRIML2 lost the catalytic RING domain of E3 ligase. However, only TRIML2 is induced in human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG3 with poly(I:C) treatment to simulate inflammation during viral infection. Its knockdown increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reduces trophoblast survival during poly(I:C) stimulation, while its overexpression reduces proinflammatory cytokine production, supporting TRIML2’s role as a regulatory inhibitor of the inflammatory pathways in trophoblasts. TRIML2’s potential virus-interacting PRY/SPRY domain shows significant signature of selection, suggesting its contribution to the evolution of eutherian-specific inflammation regulation during placentation.
Visualizing and Debugging Complex Multi-Agent Soccer Scenes in Real Time

The RoboCup Soccer environment is one of the most difficult scenarios for autonomous agents. With the potential for so many things to go wrong, debugging and analyzing agents’ behaviors becomes a significant task. We propose RoboViz, an open-source program for integrating agent-driven visualizations into a real-time, 3D rendered environment; the scene becomes a shared, interactive whiteboard for all agents, and the user can moderate by filtering drawings they are interested in. Visualization is an effective tool for tracking down errant behaviors and explaining algorithms. RoboViz is embraced by the RoboCup Soccer Simulation 3D sub-league as the de facto monitor application, and the latest revision makes it useful for other leagues as well. We are currently testing RoboViz in the Standard Platform League (SPL).
Switched-Antenna Low-Frequency (LF) Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) for Ornithology

Although low-frequency (LF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the de facto standard for many ornithological tracking studies, it is hampered by low range (5-10 cm) and the multiple tag collision problem. The simple concept of augmenting existing RFID transceivers with a switched antenna array is explored to overcome these difficulties. Analysis shows that non-ideal behavior of the switch elements can lead to detuning and cross-talk effects that should be considered when designing the LF antennas. An open-source prototype RFID reader with an integrated switch array supporting up to 12 antennas is developed and presented. Controlled laboratory tests indicate good read reliability of an 8-element antenna matrix covering a $37\,\,{\textrm {cm}} \times 37\,\,{\textrm {cm}}$ ground area and a 4-element array placed on a bird feeder, but relative tag-antenna orientation must be carefully considered. A four-hour field test with tagged house sparrows indicates detection reliability of 94% and 78% for the 4-element feeder and 8-element mat arrays, respectively.
Child eyewitness researchers often bin age: Prevalence of the practice and recommendations for analyzing developmental trends.

OBJECTIVE Effective practices for eliciting and analyzing children's eyewitness reports rely on accurate conclusions about age differences in how children retain information and respond to memory probes. Binning, which is the practice of categorizing continuous variables into discrete groups, can lower studies' power to detect age differences and, in some situations, produce significant but spurious effects. In this article, we (a) describe a systematic review that estimated the frequency of binning age in child eyewitness studies, (b) analyze real and simulated data to illustrate how binning can distort conclusions about age and covariate effects, and (c) demonstrate best practices for analyzing and reporting age trends. HYPOTHESES We expected that researchers would frequently bin age and that we would replicate the negative consequences of binning in the demonstration data sets. METHOD For the systematic review, we retrieved 58 articles describing child eyewitness studies and determined whether researchers binned age for one randomly selected analysis per article. We then compared alternative ways of analyzing actual and simulated data sets. RESULTS Researchers binned age for 64% of the analyses (88% of analyses involving experimental manipulations vs. 35% of the nonexperimental analyses, φ = .55, p < .01). A significant age trend in the real data example was nonsignificant when age was treated as categorical, and in the simulated data sets we demonstrate how this practice may lead to detecting a spurious effect. CONCLUSIONS Treating age as a continuous variable maximizes power to detect real differences without inflating the frequency of spurious results, thereby ensuring that policies regarding child eyewitnesses reflect developmental changes in children's needs and abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).