cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer Distributions on a Cylinder with Simulated Thermal Barrier Coating Spallation

Detailed heat transfer distributions are presented over a turbine blade leading-edge model with simulated thermal barrier coating spoliation. The blade leading-edge region is simulated by a cylinder in a crossflow with a tailboard. The heat transfer measurements are presented only on one side of the front half of the cylinder. The simulated spoliation cavities are rectangular in shape and have rounded corners. The effect of a spallation cavity is studied at four different locations (0-20, 10-30, 20-40, and 35-55 deg). Two different cavity depths are studied at each location to understand the effect of spallation depth on local heat transfer distributions. The effect of free stream turbulence on detailed heat transfer is also presented for each case. Detailed heat transfer measurements are obtained using a transient liquid crystal technique. Detailed heat transfer distributions present the local high-heat transfer and low-heat transfer regions inside and outside the spallation. Results show that spallations can enhance heat transfer up to two times compared with that for a smooth surface. Results also show that the spallation location and depth have a strong effect on local heat transfer distributions on the leading edge. An increase in freestream turbulence further increases the heat transfer coefficients caused by the spallation. Tt Tu Tw = Too = t = Nomenclature
Laboratory and Field Performance of Consumer Bait Products for German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Control

Bait formulations containing boric acid, chlorpyrifos, or hydramethylnon were evaluated in field and laboratory experiments against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). In continuous exposure tests, chlorpyrifos formulations produced 100% mortality in less than 24 h, boric acid formulations had LT50's of approximately 5.5 d, and hydramethylnon had an LT50 of 0.86 d. LT50's estimated in Ebeling choice boxes were 1.6 to 10.8 times greater than those from continuous exposure tests for chlorpyrifos formulations and 2.5 times greater for the hydramethylnon formulation. The same LT50's were produced by choice box and continuous exposure tests for boric acid formulations. Relative repellency, measured as the mean percentage of live cockroaches in the light side of the choice box, was greatest for chlorpyrifos formulations, followed by boric acid formulations, then hydramethylnon. A performance index (PI) that combined choice box repellency and mortality data indicated that hydramethylnon (Combat) had the greatest potential for field effectiveness. Only hydramethylnon significantly reduced German cockroach populations in the field. Apartments treated with the IT WORKS formulation of boric acid bait had significantly greater cockroach trap catches. The PI is an accurate predictor of the field performance of toxic baits for German cockroach control.
THE EFFECTS OF SPIN-ORBIT DISTORTION IN DEUTERON STRIPPING REACTIONS

Proton differential cross sections and polarizations are calculated for the reactions C/sup 12/(d,p)C/sup 13/ (lst excited state) and Si/sup 28/(d,p)Si/ sup 29/, at deuteron energies of 6 and 15 Mev respectively. The distorted-wave Born approximation is employed and spin-dependent proton distortion is taken into account. Spin-orbit distortion is found to leave a small eftect on the cross sections, but the polarization is found to be large. In the case of the Sis/up 28/ reactions agreement with the experimental polarization is obtained. An approximate treatment of both deuteron and proton spin-dependent distortion is developed and partially justified. Relatively simple expressions for the polarization effects are obtained. (auth)
A randomized, controlled, split-face clinical trial of 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Background There is a need for additional effective treatments for acne vulgaris. Laser therapy has been explored as a therapeutic option for acne, but rigorously designed studies in this area have been limited. Objective We sought to examine the efficacy of an infrared laser in the treatment of acne. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind, split-face clinical trial of 46 patients with facial acne. Patients received a series of 3 nonablative laser treatments using a novel neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser to half of the face. Serial blinded lesion counts and global acne severity rating of standardized bilateral patient photographs were performed. Sebum production was measured, and patient self-assessment surveys were administered. Results A transient but statistically significant improvement in lesion counts of open comedones was demonstrated in treated skin as compared with untreated skin. There were no significant differences between treated and control sides of the face in terms of changes in mean papule or pustule counts. Grading of serial photographs revealed no significant differences between treated and untreated skin. Patient surveys indicated that the majority of patients found the treatments to be at least mildly effective for both acne and oiliness. Limitations The current study only addresses the efficacy of a single laser system employing a specific treatment regimen. Conclusions Infrared laser therapy may improve comedonal acne. Additional work is needed to better define the degree and duration of the effect. Patients appear to positively view such therapy for both acne and oily skin.
Case report 573

Cas particulier d'un kyste anevrysmal de l'acetabulum se presentant sous la forme d'une grosse masse sans reaction periostee et suggerant une tumeur maligne
32-channel reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer on a chip

We report on a single-chip 32-channel reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) based on a polymer planar lightwave circuit platform. This subsystem on a chip consists of 32x8 switches and arrays of 32 add/drop switches, variable optical attenuators (VOA's), power taps, and photodiodes. The architecture, design and optical performance are presented.
Evaluation of astrophysical hypotheses.

The aim of this article is to set out a bookkeeping procedure for formalizing the process of assessing a hypothesis by comparison of conclusions drawn theoretically from this hypothesis with facts obtained by reduction of observational data. The formalism used is that of probability theory. A key role is played by Bayes's rule representing the inductive process of adjusting a degree of belief in response to new information. Formulae are derived which show (1) how the probability of each hypothesis should be adjusted in response to information concerning one item, and (2) how such estimates concerning more than one item may be combined. The procedure is illustrated by a work sheet showing how a few facts and conclusions concerning pulsars were combined to appraise the neutron-star and white-dwarf hypotheses.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images of the anal sphincter and correlation between sphincter volume and pressure

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between internal and external anal sphincter volumes and manometric anal pressures. Study Design: Ten healthy nulliparous women underwent anal sphincter magnetic resonance imaging and anal manometry measurement. A 3-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images was accomplished with the use of 3-dimensional slicer. Sphincter volumes were measured 3 times by the same observer for each of 10 patients. The intrarater reliability was measured with the use of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = σ 2 patients /( σ 2 patients + σ 2 error )) from a 2-way analysis of variance model with terms for patient and measurement trial. Measurements that were recorded on anal manometry included squeeze length, length of the high-pressure zone, and maximal resting and squeeze pressures. Results: The mean volumes (± SD) were 18.77 ± 4.64 cm 3 , 13.82 ± 3.8 cm 3 , and 32.36 ± 8.37 cm 3 for internal, external, and combined sphincters, respectively. Intrarater reliability was 98% for external sphincter volume (95% CI, 94%-99%), 98% for internal sphincter volume (95% CI, 94%-99%), and 99% for total volume (95% CI, 97%-100%). On the 3-dimensional images, the internal sphincter was found to be cylindric in shape, with an ellipse as a base. It is elongated in the anterior and posterior direction and flattened on the sides. The external sphincter was found to be funnel-shaped, being narrower caudad and widening in the cephalad direction. Similar to the internal sphincter, the external sphincter is elongated in the anteroposterior diameter. Volumes of the internal, external, and combined sphincters did not correlate with the maximum pressures at rest and squeeze. Correlations higher than r = 0.5 were observed for all 3 sphincter volume measurements versus high pressure zone at squeeze. The highest correlation, r = 0.66, was for internal sphincter volume versus high pressure zone at squeeze Conclusion: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the rectal sphincter musculature can be performed easily with 3-dimensional software. Measurements of the sphincter volumes have excellent intrarater reliability. Sphincter volumes do not correlate with pressures at rest or squeeze, but the internal sphincter volume correlates with the length of the high pressure zone at squeeze. Contrary to current generalized concepts, it is possible that the internal sphincter may play some role in generating the squeeze pressure. More research is necessary in applying 3-dimensional magnetic resonance image reconstruction in patients with different parity and continence status. Reconstruction of magnetic resonance images of the rectal sphincter musculature may prove to be beneficial in planning the treatment of patients with fecal incontinence. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:130-5.)
Neutral atomic beam cooling experiments at NBS

Abstract We have decelerated and cooled a neutral atomic sodium beam using a near resonant, counterpropagating laser beam. A spatially varying magnetic field compensates for the changing Doppler shift as the atoms decelerate, keeping the atoms in resonance with the laser. We have observed final velocities as low as 40 m/s, or about 25 times slower than the initial thermal velocity. By compressing the atomic velocity distribution we have increased the atomic density per unit velocity by as much as a factor of 30 over that of the thermal distribution.
Spin biochemistry modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by radio frequency magnetic fields.

The effects of weak magnetic fields on the biological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from intracellular superoxide (O2•−) and extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated in vitro with rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (rPASMC). A decrease in O2•− and an increase in H2O2 concentrations were observed in the presence of a 7 MHz radio frequency (RF) at 10 μTRMS and static 45 μT magnetic fields. We propose that O2•− and H2O2 production in some metabolic processes occur through singlet-triplet modulation of semiquinone flavin (FADH•) enzymes and O2•− spin-correlated radical pairs. Spin-radical pair products are modulated by the 7 MHz RF magnetic fields that presumably decouple flavin hyperfine interactions during spin coherence. RF flavin hyperfine decoupling results in an increase of H2O2 singlet state products, which creates cellular oxidative stress and acts as a secondary messenger that affects cellular proliferation. This study demonstrates the interplay between O2•− and H2O2 production when influenced by RF magnetic fields and underscores the subtle effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on oxidative metabolism, ROS signaling, and cellular growth.
Adrenal neuropeptide Y mRNA but not preproenkephalin mRNA induction by stress is impaired by aging in Fischer 344 rats

Relatively few molecular markers of stress have been studied in aged individuals. Interactions of age and stress on adrenal neuropeptide Y (NPY) and preproenkephalin (ppENK) expression have not been reported. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the adrenal NPY and ppENK responses to stress using a common stressor, physical restraint for 2 h, in Fischer 344 rats at 7, 16 and 23 months of age. Northern blot techniques were used to evaluate induction by stress of adrenal NPY mRNA and adrenal ppENK mRNA. Two humoral responses to stress, serum glucose and corticosterone, were measured to corroborate that a stress response occurred. We observed that the induction by stress of adrenal NPY mRNA is impaired with age but the stress-induced elevation of adrenal ppENK mRNA, blood glucose, and corticosterone show no evidence of age-related impairments.
Integrative repair of articular cartilage in vitro: adhesive strength of the interface region

The objective of this study was to quantify the strength of the repair tissue that forms at the interface between pairs of cartilage explants maintained in apposition in an in vitro culture system. Articular cartilage explants were harvested from calves and from adult bovine animals, dissected into uniform blocks, and incubated in pairs within a chamber that maintained a 4 x 5 mm area of tissue overlap. Following 1-3 weeks of incubation, integrative repair was assessed by testing samples in a tensile single-lap configuration to estimate adhesive strength. After incubation in medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum, the adhesive strength between pairs of calf cartilage blocks and pairs of adult bovine cartilage blocks increased at a rate of 7.0 and 10.5 kPa/week, respectively. This repair process appeared to be dependent on viable cells, since lyophilization of adult bovine cartilage before incubation completely inhibited the development of an interface with a measurable adhesive strength. The repair process was dependent on serum components in the medium. Incubation of sample pairs for 3 weeks in medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum resulted in a relatively high proteoglycan content as well as a relatively high adhesive strength (34 kPa), whereas incubation in basal medium with or without 0.1% bovine serum albumin resulted in a 54-70% lower proteoglycan content and a 65-88% lower adhesive strength. Samples incubated for 3 weeks with serum also had a 20% higher DNA content than samples maintained in basal medium. Histological analysis indicated some cell division at the free surfaces of the explant and also occasional cells within the interface region between explants.
Rhythmic control of activity and sleep by class B1 GPCRs.

AbstractMembers of the class B1 family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) whose ligands are neuropeptides have been implicated in regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep in diverse metazoan clades. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which class B1 GPCRs, especially the mammalian VPAC2 receptor and its functional homologue PDFR in Drosophila and C. elegans, regulate arousal and daily rhythms of sleep and wake. There are remarkable parallels in the cellular and molecular roles played by class B1 intercellular signaling pathways in coordinating arousal and circadian timekeeping across multiple cells and tissues in these very different genetic model organisms.
Classical Genetic Analysis of Circadian Body Temperature Rhythms in Mice

Classical genetic analysis of a cross between the C57BL/6J and the C3H/21bg inbred strains was used to examine the relative amounts of additive genetic and dominance variance for traits associated with the cricadian rhythm of body temperature. Traits involved with the timing mechanism (amplitude, time of peak temperature, and degree to which lights-off was anticipated) exhibited substantial heritability and little dominance. The overall average body temperature had near-zero heritability and exhibited overdominance. We conclude that although the average body temperature appears to be fixed at a genetic maximum, it provides a simple index of rhythm parameters which are amenable to further genetic analysis which is critical to out understanding of factors contributing to the organization of rhythms and associated behaviors.
Automatic categorization of web sites based on source types

An important issue with the Web is verification of the accuracy, currency and authenticity of the information associated with Web sites. One way to address this problem is to identify the "source" or "sponsor" of the Web site. However, source identification is non-trivial because the source of a Web site cannot always be determined by the URL or content of the site. In this paper, we propose a method for source identification that uses various types of inbound, outbound and internal interactions that arise due to hyperlinks between and within Web sites.
Histone H2B Deubiquitination Is Required for Transcriptional Activation of FLOWERING LOCUS C and for Proper Control of Flowering in Arabidopsis

The spectrum of histone modifications at a given locus is a critical determinant for the correct output of gene expression. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), many studies have examined the relationship between histone methylation and gene expression, but few studies exist on the relationship between other covalent histone modifications and gene expression. In this work, we describe the role of histone H2B deubiquitination in the activation of gene expression and the consequence of a perturbation of histone H2B deubiquitination in the timing of the floral transition in Arabidopsis. A mutation in a H2B deubiquitinase, UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE26 (UBP26), results in an early-flowering phenotype. In the ubp26 mutant, mRNA levels of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and other related family members is decreased. Furthermore, this mutant accumulates H2B monoubiquitination, and has decreased levels of H3K36 trimethylation and increased levels of H3K27 trimethylation at the FLC locus. Thus, UBP26 is required for transcriptional activation of FLC through H2B deubiquitination and is consistent with a model in which deubiquitination is necessary for the accumulation of H3K36 trimethylation and the proper level of transcriptional activation.
Contrast media and clotting: what is the evidence?

The rapid development of percutaneous coronary and peripheral vascular interventional technologies and also noninvasive imaging systems has led to a dramatic increase in the number of patients receiving contrast media (CM). Although relatively uncommon, adverse events can occur following administration of contrast, including nuisance reactions (e.g., nausea and urticaria) and potentially severe complications, such as contrast-induced nephropathy and thrombotic events. In this report, we review the evidence regarding the occurrence of thrombotic effects following iodinated CM administration during percutaneous coronary intervention. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pet Owners' Views of Pet Behavior Problems and Willingness to Consult Experts for Assistance

Prior research has found that dog obedience training and the receipt of advice regarding companion animal (pet) behavior reduce the risk of nonhuman animal relinquishment to an animal shelter and increase human-companion animal interactions, but research also finds that only a minority of pet guardians participates in such activities. The researchers for this study asked 170 dog and cat guardians to assess the seriousness of common problem behaviors and how likely they were to seek help. The researchers also asked them to rate different methods of obtaining expert advice. The dog and cat guardians saw behaviors directly affecting humans as most severe; those involving the destruction of property were next in severity; and those affecting the animal more than the human were least severe. There were no significant differences in ratings by participants' gender or income. Participants indicated they were more likely to use free help options than fee-based services. The lack of a clear correlation between the...
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urinary fluticasone propionate-17beta-carboxylic acid for monitoring compliance with inhaled-fluticasone propionate therapy

Abstract Background Inhaled corticosteroids including fluticasone propionate (FP) are the most effective treatment for persistent-asthma. Noncompliance ranging from 20% to 80% of treated patients is associated with substantial health care costs, morbidity and fatalities. A noninvasive test to assess FP treatment compliance is needed. The major metabolite of FP is FP-17beta-carboxylic acid (FP17βCA) and is excreted in urine. This study demonstrates the development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay to measure FP17βCA in urine and evaluation of FP17βCA urinary elimination. Experimental Fluorometholone was used as the internal standard. After acetonitrile precipitation, samples were extracted with dichloromethane, washed and dried. Reconstituted extract (60 μL) was subjected to reversed-phase chromatography and positive-ion mode LC–MS/MS analysis. Assay precision, linearity, recovery and sample stability were determined. Elimination evaluation included measurement of FP17βCA in urine collected daily from human subjects before (day 1), during treatment (days 2–5; dose FP-110 μg 2 puffs/day), and following cessation of FP therapy (days 6–14; n = 4). Results Linear range of the FP17βCA assay was 10.3–9510 pg/mL. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 10.3 pg/mL and recovery ranged from 85.8% to 111.9%. Inter-assay CVs were 7.4–12.0% for FP17βCA concentrations of 11.1–5117 pg/mL. Urine FP17βCA was absent in subjects prior to FP therapy, detectable (180–1991 ng FP17βCA/g creatinine) throughout the dosing period and reached below the LOQ at 6 days after therapy cessation. Conclusions Measurement of FP17βCA by LC–MS/MS has acceptable analytical performance for clinical use. These data support the clinical utility of measuring FP17βCA in urine to monitor patient compliance with FP therapy.
The Purple Haze of η Carinae: Binary-induced Variability?*

Asymmetric variability in ultraviolet images of the Homunculus obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys/High Resolution Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope suggests that η Carinae is indeed a binary system. Images obtained before, during, and after the recent "spectroscopic event" in 2003.5 show alternating patterns of bright spots and shadows on opposite sides of the star before and after the event, providing a strong geometric argument for an azimuthally evolving, asymmetric UV radiation field as one might predict in some binary models. The simplest interpretation of these UV images, where excess UV escapes from the secondary star in the direction away from the primary, places the major axis of the eccentric orbit roughly perpendicular to our line of sight, sharing the same equatorial plane as the Homunculus, and with apastron for the hot secondary star oriented toward the southwest of the primary. However, other orbital orientations may be allowed with more complicated geometries. Selective UV illumination of the wind and ejecta may be partly responsible for line profile variations seen in spectra. The brightness asymmetries cannot be explained plausibly with delays due to light-travel time alone, so a single-star model would require a seriously asymmetric shell ejection.
Zinnwaldite: Octahedral Ordering in Lithium-Iron Micas

Ordering of the octahedral sheet of some lithium-iron micas is proposed on the basis of chemical compositions and crystallographic properties. The model of the ordered sheet has large and small sites in the ratio 2 : 1 and explains all observed properties- the small layer thickness, the "dioctahedral reflections," and the n(120 deg) motif in polytypism.
Suicide Rates, Handgun Control Laws, and Sociodemographic Variables:

The association of state handgun control laws to state suicide rates was investigated while controlling for sex, age, percent black, percent metropolitan population, population density, and rates of population change, divorce, crime, and unemployment. Gun control laws formed two statistically identifiable groups, (1) laws that place restrictions on the sellers of handguns and (2) laws that place restrictions on the buyers of handguns. A multiple regression analysis indicated that suicide rates were significantly lower in states with low divorce rates, low crime rates, and stringent firearm control laws, as those laws affect both the sellers and the buyers of handguns. The variables in this analysis accounted for 69% of the variance of suicide rates.
Retropubic and transobturator midurethral slings: a decision analysis to compare outcomes including efficacy and complications

Introduction and hypothesis The objective of this paper is to compare retropubic (RP) and transobturator (TO) midurethral slings using decision analysis techniques.
Practical Guide to Pediatric Wound Care

Much of pediatric wound care is based upon research studies, clinical experience, and products developed for use in adults. Although the principles of adult wound care apply in pediatrics, the management of wounds and application of adult products to pediatric patients can be challenging. Developmental characteristics of pediatric patients such as incontinence and inability to describe pain and participate in a wound care regimen must be considered. This article describes evidence-based wound care principles and the application of these principles and products for a variety of wounds seen in pediatric patients.
Physically abusive fathers and risk assessment.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to identify factors that predict recidivism among families in which the father is the perpetrator of physical abuse and to compare these factors to the factors that investigators believe are related to higher risk. Method A case-comparison design was used to understand risk among 137 predominantly Caucasian families in which a father had injured a child. Results The multivariate analysis showed that families in which the father was unemployed (greater time at risk), had younger children, was not the biological father of all of the children, did not take responsibility for his behavior, seriously injured a child, and maltreated a child in the past were more likely to re-abuse. These factors, along with whether the mother had a criminal history, correctly predicted recurrence for 83% of the families. The investigators correctly predicted recurrence for 70% of the families. Conclusions The investigators placed too much emphasis on some variables that were not related to recurrence, such as the mother's mental health and whether she tried to protect her children. These results may be useful in adapting assessment systems that do not take into consideration the gender of the perpetrator.
The role of material orthotropy in fracture specimens for composites

Abstract Guided by the orthotropy rescaling technique and other available analytic results, a systematic analysis is conducted for commonly used fracture specimens to investigate the role of material orthotropy in fracture behavior of unidirectional composites. Included are notched bars, delamination beams and hybrid sandwiches, of many varieties All numerical calibrations are presented with fitting formulae in the relevant parameter regimes. The effect of material orthotropy on fracture behavior of unidirectional composites is thus quantified, which significantly reduces the complexities involved in both experimental investigation and theoretical modelling. A summary of the orthotropy rescaling concepts, with some extensions, is also included.
Balance of Th1 and Th17 effector and peripheral regulatory T cells.

Transfer of antigen-specific T cells into antigen-expressing lymphopenic recipients leads to the sequential generation of Th1 and Th17 effector and protective CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory cells in the periphery with surprisingly different kinetics. Such an experimental model is potentially valuable for defining the stimuli that regulate lineage decision and plasticity of various T cell effectors and peripheral regulatory T cells. Our studies have shown that IL-17 production occurs rapidly and declines within the first week with the appearance of IFN-γ producing T cells. Regulatory T cells appear during the recovery phase of the disease. The factors that mediate this complex differentiation originating from a starting naive T cell population remain to be defined.
Understanding the Degradation of Silicon Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Acoustic Emission

Silicon is a promising anode material for lithium ion battery application due to its high specific capacity, low cost, and abundance. However, when silicon is lithiated at room temperature it can undergo a volume expansion in excess of 280% which leads to extensive fracturing. This is thought to be a primary cause of the rapid decay in cell capacity routinely observed. Acoustic emission (AE) was employed to monitor activity in composite silicon electrodes while cycling in lithium ion half-cells using a constant current-constant voltage procedure. The major source of AE was identified as the brittle fracture of silicon particles resulting from the alloying reaction that gives rise to LixSi phases. The largest number of emissions occurred on the first lithiation corresponding to surface fracture of the silicon particles, followed by distinct emission bursts on subsequent charge and discharge steps. Furthermore, a difference in the average parameters describing emission during charge and discharge steps was observed. Potential diagnostic and materials development applications of the presented AE techniques are discussed.
A bis-labdenic diterpene from Moldenhawera nutans

Abstract A new bis-diterpene, moldenin ( 6 ), derived from the esterification of 3-oxo-8(17)-15-labdenic acid with 3β-hydroxy-8(17)-15-labdenol, four normal-labdane diterpenes 1 – 4 , and betulinic acid were isolated from the stems of Moldenhawera nutans . The structures were established on the basis of their spectral data.
Synergy among lymphoid cells mediating the graft-versus-host response. V. Derivation by migration in lethally irradiated recipients of two interacting subpopulations of thymus-derived cells from normal spleen.

Spleen cells from normal adult mice were injected into lethally irradiated adult syngeneic recipients. 24 h later, cell suspensions were prepared from the recipients' spleens or peripheral lymph nodes and tested either alone or combined for their capacity to elicit graft- versus -host (GVH) reactions in neonatal F1 recipients, using the Simonsen spleen weight assay. Either the lymph node-seeking subpopulation or the spleen-seeking subpopulation alone was markedly deficient in its ability to provide a GVH reaction when compared with the normal population from which it was derived. However, an appropriate mixture of the two had a reactivity characteristic of the parent population. Both subpopulations were sensitive to treatment with anti-θ antibody and complement in vitro. These results provide a convincing demonstration of the functional heterogeneity within the pool of thymus-derived cells present in a single normal lymphoid tissue. They strongly suggest that the normal expression of GVH reactivity of such a tissue involves an interaction among distinct subpopulations of thymus-derived cells.
An investigation of a cost-based rule for job-shop scheduling

SUMMARY In this paper, a composite cost-oriented priority scheduling rule is compared to three other well-known rules, that are basically time-oriented. The criteria used for comparison include : total cost per job, number of late jobs, machine utilization, in-process inventory and the number of late jobs in-process. Repeated measures analysis of variance is used and followed by mean comparisons. Results suggest that SPT and cost rides are preferred in most of the criteria.
Adenosarcoma of the Uterus with Extensive Smooth Muscle Differentiation: Ultrastructural Study and Review of the Literature

Four cases of Mullerian adenosarcoma were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. All 4 cases showed the histologic characteristics of adenosarcoma with benign endometrial glands and a malignant stroma. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial component in all cases had the appearance of proliferative endometrial glands, and the malignant mesenchymal cells showed features of endometrial stroma. A distinct basal lamina separating glands from stroma was present. In addition, 2 of the cases showed extensive smooth muscle differentiation which was associated with sarcomatous overgrowth. The smooth muscle features were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Multiple theories of the histogenesis of this tumor are discussed.
The use of a paired comparison model in ordering stratigraphic events

Data from lowest and highest occurrence events in several stratigraphic sections are analyzed by means of a paired comparison model with ties. The model produces an estimated relative geochronological ordering of these events. This ordering must be compared with actual observations for revision and interpretation.
The formation of peptides from the 2′(3′)-glycyl ester of a nucleotide

We have synthesized 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5′-(O-methylphos-phate), an analogue of the 3′-terminus of aminoacylated tRNA. A 0.4M solution of this compound maintained at pH 8.2, yields 5.5% of diglycine and 11.5% of diketopiperazine, in addition to the hydrolysis products glycine and adenosine-5′-(O-methylphosphate). Under the same conditions, glycine ethyl ester reacts much more slowly, but ultimately gives similar yields of diglycine and diketopiperazine. The aminolysis of 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5′-(O-methylphosphate) by free glycine is relatively inefficient, but serine reacts 20 times more rapidly and yields up to 50% of N-glycylserine. The prebiotic significance of these reactions is discussed.
The weighted scale-free network with self-organizing link weight dynamics

All crucial features of the recently observed real-world weighted networks are obtained in a model where the weight of a link is defined using a single non-linear parameter α as wij = (sisj)α, si and sj are the strengths of the two end nodes of the link and α is a continuously tunable positive parameter. In addition, the definition of strength as si = Σjwij results in a self-organizing link weight dynamics leading to a self-consistent distribution of strengths and weights on the network. Using the Barabasi–Albert growth dynamics, all exponents of the weighted networks which are continuously tunable with α are obtained. It is conjectured that the weight distributions should be similar in any scale-free network.
Rapid method for preparation of crystalline human ceruloplasmin from Cohn fraction IV-1.

Abstract Crystalline ceruloplasmin has been prepared in high yield by a relatively rapid method from Cohn Fraction IV-1 of human plasma. The material contains near eight molecules of copper per 160,000 g. protein. It shows a single component on electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal assay.
903 SERUM 24,25 DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D (24,25(0H) 2 D) LEVELS IN UREMIA: A REFLECTION OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

903 SERUM 24,25 DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D (24,25(0H) 2 D) LEVELS IN UREMIA: A REFLECTION OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
The quality of well-being scale: Comparison of the interviewer-administered version with a self-administered questionnaire

Abstract The Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB) is a general measure of health-related quality of life that has been used in a wide variety of population and clinical studies. One of the major disadvantages of the QWB is that it requires a trained interviewer. Recently, a self-administered version of the QWB was developed. The purpose of this study was to compare the self-administered QWB with the established interviewer-administered form. The respondents were 218 English speaking adults who attended primary care clinics. Each respondent was evaluated twice with an interval of one month in-between. At each session respondents were randomly assigned to complete either the interviewer-administered or self-administered QWB, resulting in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Data from the study demonstrated that the self-administered QWB yields scores equivalent to the interviewer-administered form. Further, QWB scores remain stable over the course of a one month interval. The results suggest that an inexpensive self-admi...
Temporal and anatomical considerations involved in the effects of amygdaloid lesions on prolactin secretion in ovariectomized estrogenized rats.

Abstract Plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were investigated in chronically catheterized control, sham-lesioned, and amygdala (AMYG)-lesioned rats under a variety of conditions. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats injected with 0.5 mg of polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) exhibited a circadian rhythm of PRL secretion characteristic of proestrus rats. Small bilateral lesions of the central AMYG area had no effect on this pattern of PRL secretion in animals bled over a 24-h period, 1 week following lesioning. A second group of rats bearing lesions or sham lesions of the corticomedial AMYG nuclei were studied at 1, 2 and 3 weeks following surgery and PEP treatment. PEP produced a significant afternoon surge of PRL in controls at weeks 1 and 2 but not week 3. Lesions of the corticomedial AMYG nuclei had no effect on basal PRL, but significantly blunted the afternoon surge occurring at weeks 1 and 2. The effect of a larger lesion encompassing a greater proportion of the corticomedial AMYG was examined in another group of rats at 6 weeks post-lesion and 2 weeks after PEP injection. This lesion significantly decreased PRL levels compared to controls at 5 of 6 time periods examined over a 24-h period. The effect of this lesion on PRL secretion in non-estrogenized OVX rats was also examined. There was no difference in the low, non-fluctuating 24-h PRL levels of control and lesioned rats bled at 3 or 4 weeks post-lesion.
Transcription factor p63 controls the reserve status but not the stemness of horizontal basal cells in the olfactory epithelium

Adult tissue stem cells can serve two broad functions: to participate actively in the maintenance and regeneration of a tissue or to wait in reserve and participate only when activated from a dormant state. The adult olfactory epithelium, a site for ongoing, life-long, robust neurogenesis, contains both of these functional stem cell types. Globose basal cells (GBCs) act as the active stem cell population and can give rise to all the differentiated cells found in the normal tissue. Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) act as reserve stem cells and remain dormant unless activated by tissue injury. Here we show that HBC activation following injury by the olfactotoxic gas methyl bromide is coincident with the down-regulation of protein 63 (p63) but anticipates HBC proliferation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that this down-regulation of p63 is necessary and sufficient for HBC activation. Moreover, activated HBCs give rise to GBCs that persist for months and continue to act as bona fide stem cells by participating in tissue maintenance and regeneration over the long term. Our analysis provides mechanistic insight into the dynamics between tissue stem cell subtypes and demonstrates that p63 regulates the reserve state but not the stem cell status of HBCs.
An in vivo Method for Determination of Endosomal Distribution of Both Ligand and Asialoglycoprotein Receptor in Rat Liver.

Alcoholic liver injury is a significant medical problem throughout the world. Protein trafficking pathways, including endocytosis, appear to be especially susceptible to the deleterious effects of alcohol. Using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) as a model, we have studied ethanol-induced alterations in the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). The ASGPR, a hepatocyte-specific receptor, binds proteins that have lost their terminal sialic acid moiety and have exposed galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine moieties [1]. During RME many extracellular ligands are bound by specific cell surface receptors, such as the ASGPR, and internalized via a clathrin-coated pit pathway [2]. In the endocytotic pathway, the lumen of the endosome becomes acidic allowing the receptor-ligand complexes to dissociate. The separated receptors and ligands can either be targeted for degradation in lysosomes or recycled back to the cell surface. Endosomal trafficking from the cell surface to the final destination in the cell is an extremely complex process that is still not completely understood. Our previous studies using the ASGPR model have identified several ethanol-induced alterations during the process of RME. Altered receptor-ligand uncoupling and endosomal acidification as well as decreased ligand binding, internalization, and degradation are some of the observed alterations [3-9]. For the current study, we wanted to examine the trafficking/distribution of both ligand and receptor in liver endosomes. To accomplish this we labeled asialoorosomucoid (ASOR), a ligand for the ASGPR, with either Texas-Red (TR-ASOR) or radioactive iodine (125I-ASOR). We exposed rats in vivo to the labeled ligand, and then assessed both ligand and ASGPR content in two isolated liver endosome populations. The "early endosomes" (EE) consist of endosomes from the periphery of the cell, including endosomes just entering the pathway and those containing receptor and/or ligand being recycled back to the cell surface. The "late endosomes" (LE) contain more distal endosomes which are destined for degradation in lysosomes. The purpose of the work described here was to gather information on the viability of this method for isolating endosome fractions and for assessing both ligand and receptor content in the isolated endosome fractions. Ultimately, our goal is to use this method to further investigate the affect of ethanol on the trafficking of ligand and receptor between endosome fractions.
Analysis of a sigma delta modulator with a multi-level quantizer and single-bit feedback

An exact analysis of the quantization error of the single-loop single-stage sigma-delta modulator with a multilevel quantizer and single-bit feedback is given. It is shown that the output sequence of this system is identical to that of a coder using a multilevel digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in the feedback loop provided that an extra bit is available in the forward quantizer. >
Maximum entropy method and the design of linear phase FIR filters

A procedure that makes use of the maximum-entropy method (MEM) for the design of linear-phase FIR digital filters is described. It is shown that by applying MEM to the inverse of the desired gain function or its square root function, it is possible to generate linear phase FIR filters that match the given gain function to any desired degree of accuracy. Further, an iterative algorithm makes the design procedures very efficient, since the higher-order filters can be recursively generated from the lower-order ones. To minimize any residual distortion in the passband region, a final averaging scheme on the lower-order filters generates a class of linear phase FIR filters that are practically distortion free in the passband as well as the stopband. Simulation results that compare the present procedure with other well-known methods are also presented. >
Oxidative and Reductive Pathways in Iron-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid–Activated Persulfate Systems

The iron (II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and iron (III)-EDTA activation of persulfate was compared using reactant- specific probe compounds: the combined sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical probe anisole, the hydroxyl radical probe nitrobenzene, and the reductant/nucleophile probe hexachloroethane. Iron (II)-EDTA and iron (III)-EDTA were equally effective for activating persulfate decom- position and for generating reductants/nucleophiles at pH 5, while iron (III)-EDTA was a more effective activator than iron (II)-EDTA for generating oxidants. Use of the combined sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical scavenger isopropanol and the hydroxyl radical scavenger tert-butanol demonstrated that approximately 86 and 73% of the oxidation activity in iron (II)-EDTA and iron (III)-EDTA-activated persulfate systems, respectively, was attributable to hydroxyl radical activity. The generation of hydroxyl radical in iron-EDTA-activated persulfate systems at pH 5 was confirmed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The results of these pathway analyses, in conjunction with confirmation of the results using the common groundwater contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE), show that iron (II)-EDTA and iron (III)-EDTA-activated persulfate may be an effective system for the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000496. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Groundwater pollution; Hazardous Wastes; Soil pollution; Soil treatment; Oxidation.
Determining the elastic modulus and hardness of an ultra-thin film on a substrate using nanoindentation

A data analysis procedure has been developed to estimate the contact area in an elastoplastic indentation of a thin film bonded to a substrate. The procedure can be used to derive the elastic modulus and hardness of the film from the indentation load, displacement, and contact stiffness data at indentation depths that are a significant fraction of the film thickness. The analysis is based on Yu’s elastic solution for the contact of a rigid conical punch on a layered half-space and uses an approach similar to the Oliver-Pharr method for bulk materials. The methodology is demonstrated for both compliant films on stiff substrates and the reverse combination and shows improved accuracy over previous methods.
Late Mesozoic Carbonate Banks and Reefs Along U.S. Atlantic Margin: ABSTRACT

A paleoshelf-edge complex of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous age rocks observed in seismic profile off the United States east coast probably represents a group of carbonate banks and/or reefs. The paleoshelf-edge lies 10 to 15 km seaward of the present shelf edge in Georges Bank, 20 to 30 km in the Baltimore Canyon trough, 30 to 150 km in the Carolina trough, and 150 to 300 km in the Blake Plateau basin. Refraction studies of the margin observed velocities of about 5 km/sec at depths of 2 to 3 km beneath the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope that correspond to the top of this paleoshelf-edge complex. Drilling results from COST wells in Georges Bank basin and in Baltimore Canyon trough indicate that a carbonate-evaporite depositional regime was dominant behind the paleoshelf-edge during the Jurassic. Lower Cretaceous algal reef debris has been sampled in Heezen Canyon (Georges Bank slope). DSDP Site 390 also drilled back-reef carbonates of Early Cretaceous age along the seaward edge of the Blake Plateau, and recent submersible dives have recovered Albian-Aptian rudist reefal materials along the Blake Escarpment. While strong evidence exists for carbonate bank and algal reef deposits all along the paleoshelf edge, the evidence for rudist reefs is presently restricted to the Blake Plateau basin. Erosional retreat of the ancient shelf edge, especially in the Blake Plateau basin, resulted in the removal and breaching of the Lower Cretaceous-Jurassic carbonate bank or reef margin at some locations. End_of_Article - Last_Page 575------------