cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a research prototype onboard fault monitoring and diagnosis system

Due to the dynamic and complex nature of in-flight fault monitoring and diagnosis, a research effort was undertaken at NASA Langley Research Center to investigate the application of artificial intelligence techniques for improved situational awareness. Under this research effort, concepts were developed and a software architecture was designed to address the complexities of onboard monitoring and diagnosis. This paper describes the implementation of these concepts in a computer program called FaultFinder. The implementation of the monitoring, diagnosis, and interface functions as separate modules is discussed, as well as the blackboard designed for the communication of these modules. Some related issues concerning the future installation of FaultFinder in an aircraft are also discussed.
Modeling deep convection in the Greenland Sea

The development of deep convective events in the high-latitude ocean is studied using a three-dimensional, coupled ice-ocean model. Oceanic mixing is described according to the level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme in which convection occurs in a continuous way, i.e., convective adjustment is not invoked. The model is forced by strong winds and surface cooling. Strong upwelling at the multilyear ice edge and consequent entrainment of warm Atlantic waters into the mixed layer is produced by winds parallel to the ice edge. Concomitant cooling drives deep convection and produces chimneylike structures. Inclusion of a barotropic mean flow over topography to the model provides important preconditioning and selects the location of deep convection. The most efficient preconditioning occurs at locations where the flow ascends a slope. In a stratified environment similar to the Greenland Sea with a 12 m/s wind the model simulations show that localized deep convection takes place after about 10 days to depths of 1000 m.
Contraction of the Ventral Abdomen Potentiates Extracardiac Retrograde Hemolymph Propulsion in the Mosquito Hemocoel

Background Hemolymph circulation in mosquitoes is primarily controlled by the contractile action of a dorsal vessel that runs underneath the dorsal midline and is subdivided into a thoracic aorta and an abdominal heart. Wave-like peristaltic contractions of the heart alternate in propelling hemolymph in anterograde and retrograde directions, where it empties into the hemocoel at the terminal ends of the insect. During our analyses of hemolymph propulsion in Anopheles gambiae, we observed periodic ventral abdominal contractions and hypothesized that they promote extracardiac hemolymph circulation in the abdominal hemocoel. Methodology/Principal Findings We devised methods to simultaneously analyze both heart and abdominal contractions, as well as to measure hemolymph flow in the abdominal hemocoel. Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed that ventral abdominal contractions occur as series of bursts that propagate in the retrograde direction. Periods of ventral abdominal contraction begin only during periods of anterograde heart contraction and end immediately following a heartbeat directional reversal, suggesting that ventral abdominal contractions function to propel extracardiac hemolymph in the retrograde direction. To test this functional role, fluorescent microspheres were intrathoracically injected and their trajectory tracked throughout the hemocoel. Quantitative measurements of microsphere movement in extracardiac regions of the abdominal cavity showed that during periods of abdominal contractions hemolymph flows in dorsal and retrograde directions at a higher velocity and with greater acceleration than during periods of abdominal rest. Histochemical staining of the abdominal musculature then revealed that ventral abdominal contractions result from the contraction of intrasegmental lateral muscle fibers, intersegmental ventral muscle bands, and the ventral transverse muscles that form the ventral diaphragm. Conclusions/Significance These data show that abdominal contractions potentiate extracardiac retrograde hemolymph propulsion in the abdominal hemocoel during periods of anterograde heart flow.
Sleepiness in medical residents: Impact of mandated reduction in work hours

Abstract Objectives: To assess the sleepiness among Family Practice residents using subjective data, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), as well as objective assessment, the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Method: We conducted the study on Family Practice residents at Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi. Sixteen residents, aged 21–40 yrs, were recruited and divided into two groups. The study group was comprised of residents who were on night-float rotation for at least three days and underwent MSLT post-call, and the control group was comprised of residents who were not on night-float and were not post-call. Daytime sleepiness was evaluated using both the ESS and MSLT. Respondents also completed a questionnaire assessing their beliefs regarding effects of sleep loss. Results: Sleep latencies p =0.0195). Following night-float, despite less sleep, residents had sleep latencies which were higher [14.2 (±5.0) min] than those in the control group [8.4 (±5.4) min, ( p =0.043)]. Despite the difference in objective sleepiness, subjective sleepiness (Epworth scores) did not differ. Over 80% of interns reported having driven while sleepy. Conclusion: Sleepiness continues to be a significant issue among medical residents despite recently mandated reductions in resident work hours. MSLT values in the pathologic range are seen in the majority of residents studied, but in those who were post-night call there seemed to be a paradoxical improvement.
A condition implying the global existence of C1 solutions for a class of nonlinear transmission lines

Abstract For a distributed parameter nonlinear transmission line, with constant self-inductance and resistance, but voltage-dependent capacitance and leakage conductance, a condition on the growth, in time, of the leakage conductance is proposed which implies the existence of global C 1 solutions to the inhomogeneous, damped, quasilinear hyperbolic system, with periodic initial data, which governs the evolution of the charge and current in the line. For a transmission line in which the leakage conductance may be controllable, in time, the analysis suggests a direct means of preventing the formation of shocks in the line.
Semiempirical atomic mass formula

Abstract An atomic mass formula based on the liquid-drop model with shell and deformation energies determined from the Nilsson model and BCS pairing energy has been adjusted simultaneously to ground-state binding energies and to fission barrier heights. A short table of calculated values is included, and additional calculations are available.
Mecp2 truncation in male mice promotes affiliative social behavior.

Mouse models of Rett syndrome, with targeted mutations in the Mecp2 gene, show a high degree of phenotypic consistency with the clinical syndrome. In addition to severe and age-specific regression in motor and cognitive abilities, a variety of studies have demonstrated that Mecp2 mutant mice display impaired social behavior. Conversely, other studies indicate complex enhancements of social behavior in Mecp2 mutant mice. Since social behavior is a complicated accumulation of constructs, we performed a series of classic and refined social behavior tasks and revealed a relatively consistent pattern of enhanced pro-social behavior in hypomorphic Mecp2 308/Y mutant mice. Analyses of repetitive motor acts, and cognitive stereotypy did not reveal any profound differences due to genotype. Taken together, these results suggest that the mutations associated with Rett syndrome are not necessarily associated with autism-relevant social impairment in mice. However, this gene may be a valuable candidate for revealing basic mechanisms of affiliative behavior.
Weak decays of heavy flavors

This review is a summary of the status of weak decays of the heavy flavors, τ, c, and b, emphasizing the limits of our understanding of these decays and areas where more experimental and theoretical work are required.
A note on aging of a viscoelastic cylinder

Rajagopal and Wineman [K.R. Rajagopal, A.S. Wineman, A note on viscoelastic materials that can age, Internat. J. Non-Linear Mech. 39 (2004) 1554-1574] showed that the stress relaxation due to viscoelastic effects and aging are distinctly different, in that the stress relaxation due to aging is geometry dependent. Here, I include the effect of stress relaxation in a Kelvin-Voigt solid, that cannot stress relax due to viscoelastic effects, due to aging. I also show that the viscoelastic contribution of the total torque and the normal force is such that space and time are separable, while the same cannot be said about the contribution due to aging.
Fast, high peak capacity separations in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Peak capacity production is substantially improved for two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) and applied to the fast separation of a 28 component liquid test mixture, and two complex vapor samples (a 65 component volatile organic compound test mixture, and the headspace of warm ground coffee beans). A high peak capacity is achieved in a short separation time by selecting appropriate experimental conditions based on theoretical modeling of on-column band broadening, and by reducing the off-column band broadening by applying a narrow, concentrated injection pulse onto the primary column using high-speed cryo-focusing injection (HSCFI), referred to as thermal injection. A long, relatively narrow open tubular capillary column (20 m, 100 μm inner diameter (i.d.) with a 0.4 μm film thickness to benefit column capacity) was used as the primary column. The initial flow rate was 2 ml/min (60 cm/s average linear flow velocity) which is slightly below the optimal average linear gas velocity of 83 cm/s, due to the flow rate constraint of the TOFMS vacuum system. The oven temperature programming rate was 30°C/min. The secondary column (1.8m, 100 μm i.d. with a 0.1 μm film thickness) provided a relatively high peak capacity separation, concurrent with a significantly shorter modulation period, P(M), than commonly applied with the commercial instrument. With this GC×GC-TOFMS instrumental platform, compounds in the 28 component liquid test mixture provided a ∼7 min separation (with a ∼6.5 min separation time window), producing average peak widths of ∼600 ms full width half maximum (FWHM), resulting in a peak capacity on the primary column of ∼400 peaks (at unit resolution). Using a secondary column with a 500 ms P(M), average peak widths of ∼20 ms FWHM were achieved, thus providing a peak capacity of 15 peaks on the second dimension. Overall, an ideal orthogonal GC×GC peak capacity of ∼6000 peaks (at unit resolution) was achieved (or a β-corrected orthogonal peak capacity of ∼4400, at an average modulation ratio, M(R), of ∼2). This corresponds to an ideal orthogonal peak capacity production of ∼1000 peaks/min (or ∼700 peaks/min, β-corrected). For comparison, standard split/split-less injection techniques with a 1:100 split, when combined with standard GC×GC conditions typically provide a peak capacity production of ∼100 peaks/min, hence the instrumental platform we report provides a ∼7-fold to 10-fold improvement.
Curves in Three Dimensional Riemannian Space Forms

In three dimensional Riemannian space forms, introducing a natural moving frame, we define the associate curve of a curve and study the properties and relations of a curve and its associate curve. We state necessary and sufficient condition that a Frenet curve is a Bertrand curve in three dimensional Riemannian space forms, especially in a Riemannian 3-dimensional sphere and in a 3-dimensional hyperbolic space, resp. At the same time we give an explicit expression of the partner curve of a Bertrand curve.
Symmetry Groups of Chemical Graphs

The symmetry groups of all trees are shown to be expressible as generalized wreath products by a tree pruning algorithm. The symmetry groups of certain cyclic graphs which can be expressed as generalized compositions are also shown to be generalized wreath products. The symmetry groups of complete multipartite graphs can be obtained in a similar manner. Character tables of symmetry groups of certain chemical graphs are also obtained.
Antibiotics and bacterial auxotrophic mutants in the co-cultivation of plant protoplasts and bacterial cells or spheroplasts

Summary We have studied the toxicity of six β-lactam antibiotics to Nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi cells and protoplasts as well as their effect on Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells containing the bla gene from pBR322 and the plasmid pPHlJl of the P incompatibility group. Relatively high doses of ampicillin, cloxacillin, cefoxitin and vancomycin can be tolerated by plant cells while allowing rapid elimination of A. tumefaciens cells. However, young cells originating from protoplasts are more sensitive to antibiotics. A combination of cefoxitin and cloxacillin allows good control of bacterial proliferation and has no adverse effect on plant protoplast division. Histidine- and leucine-requiring mutants of A. tumefaciens proliferate very slowly in the presence of dividing protoplasts whereas E. coli HB101 carrying a bla gene do not. A. rhizogenes was also found to be sensitive to cefoxitin.
STUDIES OF LYTHRUM SALICARIA I. THE EFFICIENCY OF SELF‐POLLINATION

The conditions that exist in species with trimorphic flowers permit the investigation of the problems regarding the nature of sex-differentiation and the degrees of compatibility between male and female organs under very favorable circumstances. In these forms the morphological adaptations for cross-pollination are often decidedly correlated with physiological incompatibilities which make cross-fertilization more certain by excluding the functioning of the chance self-pollinations which occur. In general it is to be recognized that sexual fusions are favored by similarity of the gametes both in genetic constitution and in immediate origin, and that such conditions as trimorphism and self-incompatibility are to be regarded as, in a high degree, secondary and acquired. While these conditions secure the advantages of bringing together gametes of different origins and in greater or less degree of different genetic constitution, they decidedly limit and restrict free fertilization and full productivity. The combination of morphological trimorphism with physiological incompatibilities as seen in species like Lythrum Salicaria may well be regarded as the highest degree of specialization in sex-determination and fertilization that exists in flowering plants. For this species there is the obvious morphological differentiation giving three lengths of pistils and three sets of stamens of lengths corresponding to those of the pistils, with the stamens bearing pollen differentiated as to size, color, and nature of the reserve food material in storage. For the individual, the flower of any particular plant has a pistil of one of the three lengths and a set of stamens for each of the other two lengths. This gives differentiation of forms as such, and in the single plant there is the differentiation that gives two kinds of stamens. Furthermore, this morphological differentiation is decidedly correlated with physiological differentiation. The noteworthy researches of Darwin (I865, I877) showed that there is marked or even complete sterility to (i) selfpollinations, to (2) intra-form cross-pollinations, and to (3) the interform cross-pollinations that are illegitimate (i.e., those that involve different lengths of pistil and stamen). Seed-production was hence found to be more or less limited to legitimate pollinations, which are necessarily crosses. The specializations in these forms allow no doubts as to their significance such as have often been raised in regard to the colors of entomophilous flowers, for here the adaptations are morphological and depend directly
"When I am on Wi-Fi, I am fearless": privacy concerns & practices in eeryday Wi-Fi use

Increasingly, users access online services such as email, e-commerce, and social networking sites via 802.11-based wireless networks. As they do so, they expose a range of personal information such as their names, email addresses, and ZIP codes to anyone within broadcast range of the network. This paper presents results from an exploratory study that examined how users from the general public understand Wi-Fi, what their concerns are related to Wi-Fi use, and which practices they follow to counter perceived threats. Our results reveal that while users understand the practical details of Wi-Fi use reasonably well, they lack understanding of important privacy risks. In addition, users employ incomplete protective practices which results in a false sense of security and lack of concern while on Wi-Fi. Based on our results, we outline opportunities for technology to help address these problems.
Efficacy of captopril in low-renin congestive heart failure: Importance of sustained reactive hyperreninemia in distinguishing responders from nonresponders

To determine the efficacy of converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with low-renin congestive heart failure (CHF), the long-term hemodynamic and clinical responses to captopril were evaluated in 26 consecutive patients with severe, chronic CHF whose pretreatment plasma renin activity (PRA) was 4 ng/ml/hour). After 2 to 8 weeks of therapy with captopril, 14 patients had sustained reactive hyperreninemia. Their cardiac index increased by 0.33 liters/min/m 2 (p −5 (p
Red blood cell lithium-sodium countertransport in non-modulating essential hypertension.

Abnormalities in erythrocyte Li-Na countertransport have been reported in hypertensive subjects, and the available evidence favors familial aggregation and striking heritability of this marker. It is uncertain, however, whether the abnormalities are associated with hypertension per se or whether they may be concentrated in a particular subset of hypertensive subjects. In the present study, maximal rates of Li-Na countertransport were measured in red blood cells of 82 white subjects, including 37 normotensive subjects and 45 normal- or high-renin hypertensive subjects previously classified as non-modulators (n = 21) or modulators (n = 24). Mean countertransport activity was significantly higher in non-modulators compared with normally modulating hypertensive or normotensive subjects (0.475 +/- 0.044 vs. 0.309 +/- 0.028 or 0.249 +/- 0.012 mmol/l cell x hr, respectively, p less than 0.001). Modulators did not differ significantly from normotensive subjects with regard to mean countertransport activity. Red blood cell sodium pump and Na-K-Cl cotransport were not significantly different in modulating and non-modulating hypertensive subjects. These relations remained unchanged after adjusting for age, body weight, and plasma cholesterol levels by analysis of covariance. A countertransport value exceeding 0.50 mmol/l cell x hr occurred in 40% of the non-modulators but in only one of the other subjects. In contrast , while one half of the modulators and normotensive subjects had a countertransport value less than 0.235 mmol/l cell x hr, none of the non-modulators did. Thus, elevated countertransport appears to aggregate in the non-modulating subset of essential hypertensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Carbon nanohybrids used as catalysts and emulsifiers for reactions in biphasic aqueous/organic systems

Abstract This mini-review summarizes some novel aspects of reactions conducted in aqueous/organic emulsions stabilized by carbon nanohybrids functionalized with catalytic species. Carbon nanohybrids represent a family of solid catalysts that not only can stabilize water-oil emulsions in the same fashion as Pickering emulsions, but also catalyze reactions at the liquid/liquid interface. Several examples are discussed in this mini-review. They include (a) aldol condensation-hydrodeoxygenation tandem reactions catalyzed by basic (MgO) and metal (Pd) catalysts, respectively; (b) Fischer- Tropsch synthesis catalyzed by carbon-nanotube-supported Ru; and (c) emulsion polymerization of styrene for the production of conductive polymer composites. Conducting these reactions in emulsion generates important advantages, such as increased liquid/liquid interfacial area that consequently means faster mass transfer rates of molecules between the two phases, effective separation of products from the reaction mixture by differences in the water-oil solubility, and significant changes in product selectivity that can be adjusted by modifying the emulsion characteristics.
Mitochondrial fission and fusion and their roles in the heart

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that usually exist in extensive and interconnected networks that undergo constant remodeling through fission and fusion. These processes are governed by distinct sets of proteins whose mechanism and regulation we are only beginning to fully understand. Early studies on mitochondrial dynamics were performed in yeast and simple mammalian cell culture models that allowed easy visualization of these intricate networks. Equipped with this core understanding, the field is now expanding into more complex systems. Cardiac cells are a particularly interesting example because they have unique energetic and spatial demands that make the study of their mitochondria both challenging and potentially very fruitful. This review will provide an overview of mitochondrial fission and fusion as well as recent developments in the understanding of these processes in the heart.
Chandra Observatory enters third year of providing insights into X‐ray universe

Martin Weisskopf said he is not a “wavelength chauvinist.” But, as program scientist for NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory—a project he has seen through to fruition over the past quarter of a century—Weisskopf could not help but react favorably to the fairly incredible discoveries being made with the help of this tool. Just as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory have dramatically opened up other wave lengths to science, Chandra is allowing a clearer understanding of the high-energy aspects of the universe that can be observed with X-ray-detecting telescopes.
The crystal and molecular structures of 1-naphthylphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate and 1-naphthylphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)gallate

The X-ray structures of 1-naphthylphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate 1 and 1-naphthylphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)gallate 2 are reported. Crystals of 1 are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with unit cell dimensions a = 11.8914(11), b = 8.8699(9), c = 14.4445 (13) A, β = 90.944(4)°, Z = 4, and R = 0.0596 for 8286 unique observed reflections. Crystals of 2 are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with unit cell dimensions a = 15.003(5), b = 18.287(6), c = 14.738(6) A, β = 115.436(13)°, Z = 4, and R = 0.0222 for 8063 unique observed reflections. The iodonium cations of 1 exist as π-stacked dimers; however, those of 2 are monomeric.
Freely Accessible Internet Resources for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Education and Research at Portland State University's Research Servers

Because a great deal of nanoscience and nanotechnology relies on crystalline nanometer sized or nanometer structured materials, crystallographers have to provide their specific contributions to the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Here we review two open access internet-based crystallographic databases, the Crystallography Open Database (COD) and the Nano-Crystallography Database (NCD), that store information in the Crystallographic Information File (CIF) format. Having more than ten thousand crystallographic data sets available on the internet in a standardized format allows for many kinds of internet-based crystallographic calculations and visualizations. Examples for this that are dealt with in this paper are interactive crystal structure visualizations in three dimensions (3D) and calculations of theoretical lattice-fringe fingerprint plots for the identification of unknown nanocrystals from their atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images.
A duality view of spectral methods for dimensionality reduction

We present a unified duality view of several recently emerged spectral methods for nonlinear dimensionality reduction, including Isomap, locally linear embedding, Laplacian eigenmaps, and maximum variance unfolding. We discuss the duality theory for the maximum variance unfolding problem, and show that other methods are directly related to either its primal formulation or its dual formulation, or can be interpreted from the optimality conditions. This duality framework reveals close connections between these seemingly quite different algorithms. In particular, it resolves the myth about these methods in using either the top eigenvectors of a dense matrix, or the bottom eigenvectors of a sparse matrix --- these two eigenspaces are exactly aligned at primal-dual optimality.
Mnemonic Context Effect in Two Cultures: Attention to Memory Representations?

In two experiments we demonstrate a substantial cross-cultural difference in a mnemonic context effect, whereby a magnitude estimate of a simple stimulus such as a line or circle is biased toward the center of the distribution of previously seen instances of the same class. In support of the hypothesis that Asians are more likely than Americans to disperse their attention to both the target stimulus and its mnemonic context, this effect was consistently larger for Japanese than for Americans. Moreover, the cultural difference was attenuated by an experimentally induced belief in class homogeneity that augmented the context effect itself in both cultures. More important, these belief effects happened in the absence of any objective change in stimulus distribution. Implications for sociocultural shaping of cognition are discussed.
Early Experiences with Personal Health Records

Over the past year, several payers, employers, and commercial vendors have announced personal health record projects. Few of these are widely deployed and few are fully integrated into ambulatory or hospital-based electronic record systems. The earliest adopters of personal health records have many lessons learned that can inform these new initiatives. We present three case studies--MyChart at Palo Alto Medical Foundation, PatientSite at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Indivo at Children's Hospital Boston. We describe our implementation challenges from 1999 to 2007 and postulate the evolving challenges we will face over the next five years.
Optical Microcavities Clad by Low-Absorption Electrode Media

Four types of high-Q optical microcavities - disk, 1-D photonic crystal nanobeam, 2-D photonic crystal slab, and 3-D photonic crystal optical microresonators - clad by low-optical-loss electrode media such as indium tin oxide are designed and evaluated by the perturbation theory and 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The quality (Q) factor is obtained via perturbation theory in which the imaginary part of the cladding material is regarded as a perturbation and confirmed to agree with results from the 3-D FDTD method. Although the studied designs preserve the high-Q factor, they provide the placement of low-loss conductive electrode material proximate to high-Q microcavity modes. Further enhancement of the Q factor is possible by a reduction of the electrode volume. Microlasers based on this study would provide an excellent heat sink and efficient carrier injection into a microcavity mode, thereby resulting in the realization of continuous-wave, room-temperature microlasers with low threshold.
Assessment of Cold and Heat Tolerance of Winter‐grown Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars by Pollen‐based Parameters

Winter-grown canola (Brassica napus L.) production is limited mostly by frost and winter kill in the southern canola-growing regions of the United States. Tolerance to cold and heat were assessed by studying percentage of pollen viability (PV), in vitro pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube length (PTL) for 12 field-grown cultivars. Freshly collected pollen from all cultivars were incubated on artificial solid growth media at a constant temperature ranging from 10 to 35 � Ca t 5� C interval for 30 h to determine PG and PTL. A modified bilinear model best described the temperature response functions of PG and PTL. Canola cultivars showed significant variability (P < 0.001) for PV (61.3 % to 89.7 %), PG (29.0 % to 48.2 %) and PTL (463 to 931 lm). The average cardinal temperatures, Tmin ,T opt and Tmax, for PG and PTL were 6.4, 24.3 and 33.7 � C, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that maximum PG, PTL, Tmin and Topt of both PG and PTL were the most important factors in determining cold tolerance, whereas Tmax of PG and PTL, and maximum PG and PTL were more responsible in separating the cultivars for heat tolerance. The canola cultivar, KS3077, was the most cold tolerant with the lowest Tmin and the widest temperature adaptability range, and the cultivar Kadore was the most heat tolerant with the highest Tmax for the PG. The identified cold- and heat-tolerant cultivars may be useful in canola-breeding programmes to develop cultivars suitable for a niche environment.
Adoption of Modeling Standards as a Part of Enterprise-Wide Deployment

The successful deployment of modeling packages across large organizations depends on the adoption of a uniform set of modeling standards within the organization. Further, the automation of modeling standards enforcement greatly facilitates their adoption. This paper examines several case studies of large-scale deployment of Model-Based Design and the areas where standards enforcement automation was employed. The paper further examines several areas where automation could be employed to improve the deployment process.
Increasing Cost Efficiency in Health Care without Sacrificing the Human Touch.

High-value care can best be achieved by tailoring the delivery of care to the needs of a specific segment of the patient population to improve outcomes and by addressing patients’ needs in an efficient and scalable manner.
DNA-repair defects in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and potential clinical applications.

Abstract Background The role of DNA repair in pathogenesis and response to treatment is not well understood in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). However, the existing literature reveals important preliminary trends and targets in the genetic landscape of pNETs. Notably, pNETs have been shown to harbor defects in the direct reversal MGMT gene and the DNA mismatch repair genes, suggesting that these genes may be strong candidates for further prospective studies. Methods PubMed searches were conducted for original studies assessing the DNA repair genes MGMT and MMR in pNETs, as well as for PTEN and MEN1, which are not directly DNA repair genes but are involved in DNA repair pathways. Searches were specific to pNETs, yielding five original studies on MGMT and four on MMR. Six original papers studied PTEN in pNETs. Five studied MEN1 in pNETs, and two others implicated MEN1 in DNA repair processes. Results The five studies on MGMT in pNET tumor samples found MGMT loss of between 24% and 51% of tumor samples by IHC staining and between 0% and 40% by promoter hypermethylation, revealing discrepancies in methods assessing MGMT expression as well as potential weaknesses in the correlation between MGMT IHC expression and promoter hypermethylation rates. Four studies on MMR in pNET tumor samples indicated similar ambiguities, as promoter hypermethylation of the MLH1 MMR gene ranged from 0% to 31% of pNETs, while IHC staining revealed loss of MMR genes in between 0% and 36% of pNETs sampled. Studies also indicated that PTEN and MEN1 are commonly mutated or underexpressed genes in pNETs, although frequency of mutation or loss of expression was again variable among different studies. Conclusion Further studies are essential in determining a more thorough repertoire of DNA repair defects in pNETs and the clinical significance of these defects. This literature review synthesises the existing knowledge of relevant DNA repair pathways and studies of the specific genes that carry out these repair mechanisms in pNETs.
Effects of suspension in emulsified wiener or incubation in wiener packages on the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in intragastrically inoculated A/J mice.

Several outbreaks of listeriosis have been associated with contamination of wieners and other ready-to-eat meat products. In this study, we addressed the question of whether emulsification in, or growth on, wieners triggers a response in the listerial cells that makes them more virulent or protects them against the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract in mice. Our results indicate that Listeria monocytogenes Scott A grows poorly, if at all, in one brand of commercially prepared wieners inoculated with 5 × 103 to 5 × 106 CFU per package and incubated at 15°C. Neither L. monocytogenes Scott A emulsified in a slurry of homogenized wieners nor recovered from wiener package fluid after a 7-day incubation at 15°C were more virulent when inoculated into the stomachs of A/J mice than L. monocytogenes Scott A grown in brain heart infusion broth. These findings suggest that the ability of L. monocytogenes Scott A to cause systemic infection following introduction into the gastrointestinal tract was not i...
Best practices for scholarly authors in the age of predatory journals

'Continuous effort, not strength or intelligence, is the key to understanding our potential.' Margaret J Wheatley. The focus of any academic or research author is to share his or her findings, and to gain respect and reward for publishing. The ideal journal is one that not only publishes an article quickly but also helps the author to improve the article before publication through peer review, selects only the best research so that the author's article lies alongside other high quality articles, and provides maximum (and long-term) visibility and access to the article. Unfortunately, in the real world, authors need to make tradeoffs between high quality journals, those that work quickly, those that are willing to accept the article and those that provide the best access. Into this mix has come the potential of open access as a means of increasing visibility: journals publish the article without a subscription barrier so anyone, anywhere, can read the article. However, the growth of open access (pushed by institutions, grant bodies and governments as a means of improving human health and knowledge) has come with some unforeseen consequences. In this article, Jeffrey Beall discusses one recent phenomenon that has arisen from the open access movement: that of 'predatory publishers'. These are individuals or companies that use the open access financial system (author pays, rather than library subscribes) to defraud authors and readers by promising reputable publishing platforms but delivering nothing of the sort. They frequently have imaginary editorial boards, do not operate any peer review or quality control, are unclear about payment requirements and opaque about ownership or location, include plagiarised content and publish whatever somebody will pay them to publish. Predatory publishers generally make false promises to authors and behave unethically. They also undermine the scholarly information and publishing environment with a deluge of poor quality, unchecked and invalidated articles often published on temporary sites, thus losing the scholarly record. Jeffrey Beall, a librarian in Denver, US, has watched the rise of such fraudulent practice, and manages a blog site that names publishers and journals that he has identified as predatory. While Beall's lists can provide librarians and knowledgeable authors with information on which journals and publishers to be cautious about, several legitimate publishers, library groups and others have joined forces to educate and inform authors in what to look for when selecting journals to publish in (or read). This initiative, called Think. Check. Submit. (http://thinkchecksubmit.org/), was launched in the latter half of 2015 and hopes to raise awareness of disreputable journals while clearly separating them from valid, high quality, open access journals (of which there are many). PIPPA SMART Guest Editor.
The Simpletel Dilemma

Until recently, SimpleTel had been a star performer in the telecom industry, and the CEO had been a darling of the analyst community. Several years back, SimpleTel’s found itself in a situation where customers were migrating to smaller, local telecom providers to avoid the congestion on SimpleTel’s network. At that point, SimpleTel’s leadership had decided to invest heavily in expanding network capacity. But now the company was left with a huge amount of unutilized capacity. That, along with debt obligations related to the massive investments in capacity, and lack of demand was threatening to push SimpleTel to the verge of bankruptcy. The previously celebrated CEO had fallen out of favor and shareholders were baying for his blood. He was forced to make an unceremonious departure, and the search for a savior had begun. Today, the compensation committee was due to deliberate on the compensation package for SimpleTel’s new chief executive.
Topics on Multiphoton Processes in Atoms

Publisher Summary The theory of multiphoton processes can be developed in a semiclassical or fully quantum mechanical formalism. It is not possible to separate multiphoton ionization from bound–bound transitions as the latter are involved in resonant multiphoton ionization. Thus, the study of ionization involves the study of multiphoton bound–bound transitions. Also, in multiphoton processes, the amplitude of the near-resonant level interferes with the background due to off-resonance contributions by the continuum as well as all other bound states. The momentum translation approximation (MTA) is a rearrangement of perturbation theory. The first term of this expansion contains the field to all orders, but so do the omitted terms. The space translation approximation (STA) represents an attempt to incorporate part of the strong field into the atomic Hamiltonian, the remaining part being treated as a perturbation. The part incorporated into the atomic potential is a time-independent quantity obtained after an expansion in terms of harmonics of the frequency of the applied external field A 0 sin ωt .
Based on data mining motion communication industry customer outflow analytical study

In the article in view of the motion communication industry customer outflow phenomenon,introduced briefly the data mining technology in the motion communication industry customer outflow analysis application and the decision tree structure method.Unifies a mobile communication operator's sampled data,used the decision tree C4.5 sorting algorithm attempt to establish the customer outflow decision tree model,obtained the regular information through this model to be able to a certain extent to the customer whether could have the outflow to make the most greatly possible correct decision-making.Has provided the reasonable excavation pattern for this domain's data mining,and has drawn the effective analysis conclusion.
Microvascular recruitment in hamster striated muscle: role for conducted vasodilation.

The influence of conducted vasodilation upon arteriolar diameter and capillary red blood cell (rbc) perfusion was investigated in the cremaster muscle of male hamsters anesthetized with pentobarbit...
Reframing the New Deal: The Past and Future of American Labor and the Law

This Article reinterprets the period from 1935 to 1973 as a “long exception” to the sustained pattern of legal hostility to labor organizing in the United States. While the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) and the broader New Deal were once regarded as secure solutions to the “labor question” in America, in retrospect they only offered a partial, temporary, and extraordinary respite from state and corporate opposition to the collective interests of working people. The decades from the thirties through the seventies witnessed the rise and fall of union density as well as the fall and rise of inequality that stands out in contrast to the rest of American history since the industrial revolution. However, because of the extraordinary circumstances of that era (which are connected to important sociopolitical variables including the economic emergency, immigration, the state, unions, individualism, and cultural politics), the New Deal serves as a poor historical metaphor for those interested in labor’s revival. The circumstances that created the New Deal are unlikely to be repeated, thus the future of labor organizing and the law will look more like the deep and difficult past of American history prior to the 1930s than like the “modern” age of organizing and collective bargaining.
Nonsurgical management of biliary tract disease after liver transplantation.

SUMMARY It is not possible to describe every possible biliary tract complication that occurs after liver transplantation. It is important to be aware that almost anything can happen and that the biliary tree should be evaluated in any patient with unexplained allograft dysfunction. Frequently, the endoscopist can aid not only in the determination of the problem but often in its resolution as well.
Burn and bury option for plutonium

In December 1996, the U.S. DOE announced a strategy for managing fissile plutonium obtained from the disassembly of nuclear weapons. The plan calls for a dual-track plutonium disposition strategy that allows for immobilizing plutonium in glass or ceramic form and buring plutonium as mixed oxide fuel in existing reactors. This article proposes an option for both reactor- and weapons-grade plutonium disposition that incorporates both aspects of the dual-track strategy. It details the incorporation of plutonium in a nonfertile, ZrO 2 matrix ceramic fuel that will be burned in an existing light water nuclear reactor (LWR), and then buried in a geological repository without further reprocessing.
The role of practice in learning

Intuitive sense of the world argues that the relationship between practice and learning is positive, with continued practice leading to continued gains until the task is mastered. A quick scan of the literature might give the same impression. But psychological research and thinking has suggested that the relationship between learning and practice may not be so simple. There is, in fact, a heated controversy concerning the role of practice in the learning process. Some psychologists argue that the intuitive sense is correct and that learning is gradual. Other psychologists have argued that learning occurs in an all-or-none fashion. According to the all-or-none position, learning occurs completely in one trial or it does not occur at all. Early efforts were directed toward resolving the all-or-none versus incremental learning controversy; however, experimental answers to this knotty question are still lacking. Additional research has indicated that variations in the pattern and type of practice strongly affect the amount of learning. Learning varies with the nature of practice and with the amount of practice. Such developments as the apparent failure of the total time law and the discovery of significant MP–DP effects indicate clearly that even if the incremental position is correct, a simple incremental interpretation will not suffice. Learning has been shown to be strongly affected by the quality and the quantity of practice.
Effects of Mobile Phone Dependence on Driver Distraction

This study investigated the distracting effect that the mere presence of a mobile phone could have on simulated driving performance when drivers can hear a phone notification, but are unable to respond to it. A sample of 45 participants, categorized as either low or high mobile phone dependent, were randomly assigned to either a group that received a phone notification while driving in a simulator or to a control group. Both groups drove two scenarios, with the experimental group receiving, but not attending to, a phone call during the second scenario. Drivers who received the phone call veered off the road more often than drivers in the control group regardless of mobile phone dependency. Highly dependent drivers drove faster, were involved in more collisions, and drove over the centerline more frequently than less phone dependent drivers.
Cell wall composition of lactic acid bacteria.

SUMMARY Cell walls were isolated from thirteen species of lactobacilli grown in defined media. The walls were hydrolyzed and ex- amined qualitatively and quantitatively for phosphorus, am- monia, different reducing sugars and amino sugars, and, in all but a few instances, for sugar alcohols and D- and L-amino acids. The principal aldohexose found was glucose; galactose occurred in fewer cells. Rhamnose was an important component of many of the cell walls and always occurred together with glucose. All of the cell walls contained glucosamine and muramic acid; a few contained galactosamine as well. Ribitol or glycerol was present in walls of all of the organisms tested except L. casei. Absence of any sugar alcohol from the wall of L. casei indicates that the teichoic acids (29), although frequently prominent, are not an obligatory feature of the walls of gram-positive organisms. Glutamic acid, alanine, and either diaminopimelic acid or aspartic acid plus lysine were the principal amino acids present. Most or all of the glutamic acid was present in the n-form; from one- to two-thirds of the alanine was n-alanine, and from two- to four-fifths of the aspartic acid was n-aspartic acid. Only L-lysine was present. Some but not all of the wall hydrolysates contained substantial amounts of e-aminosuccinoyllysine. From two to six additional amino acids were present in smaller, but frequently substantial amounts. No obvious regularities in structure of walls of different organisms became evident from an examination of the mole ratios components determined. Instead, a rather striking divergence in both qualitative and quantitative composition of the walls this rather closely re- lated group of bacteria became evident. Summation of the known components of these walls accounts for only about 60 to 80% of the total wall hydrolyzed, and thus points to presence of presently unrecognized components these structures. Acknowledgment-We are indebted to Mrs. Geraldine Tomlin- son for technical assistance. REFERENCES 1.
The carbon farming solution: a global toolkit of perennial crops and regenerative agriculture practices for climate change mitigation and food security, by Eric Toensmeier

Readers interested in carbon capture and climate mitigation will welcome this new resource, one of the most complete books on the market today that deals with what could be called “carbon farming.”...
Areas of Limited Access and Affective Places

In his article “An Imagined Geography: Ideology, Urban Space, and Protest in the Creation of Barcelona’s ‘Chinatown’, c. 1835–1936,” Chris Ealham traces the cultural processes through which the idea of a Chinatown came to exist in Barcelona more than 50 years before any Chinese person ever inhabited Barcelona’s Raval.
Entanglement dynamics of two Ising-coupled qubits with nonperpendicular local driving fields

We present an approximate analytical solution to the dynamic equation of two Ising-coupled qubits with oscillating classical control fields that are nonperpendicular to the static fields. This is a situation that has recently arisen in some solid-state experiments. With our solution, we derive the analytical expressions for the local invariants as well as the local rotations needed to isolate a purely nonlocal gate. This determines the set of parameters that are required to generate any entangling gate. Moreover, we use our results to describe a recent experimental work on capacitively coupled singlet-triplet qubits in GaAs and discuss possible differences for a similar device in silicon.