cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fludarabine with a higher versus lower dose of myeloablative timed-sequential busulfan in older patients and patients with comorbidities: an open-label, non-stratified, randomised phase 2 trial.

Summary Background Haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HCT) conditioning regimens that can reduce risk of relapse without increasing non-relapse mortality are needed. We aimed to test the safety of timed-sequential delivery of low-dose versus high-dose myeloablative busulfan in older patients and patients with comorbidities. Methods This non-stratified, open-label, randomised phase 2 trial was done at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA). Patients with haematological cancers aged between 5 and 75 years were eligible to participate in the study. Patients who had HIV or uncontrollable infections were excluded. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1 by a computer-generated programme in block sizes of four) to receive a total intravenous busulfan dose to achieve an area under the curve of 16 000 μmol/min (16K group) or 20 000 μmol/min (20K group) on the basis of pharmacokinetic analysis, plus intravenous fludarabine 40 mg/m2 for 4 days. The investigators and the research nurses were masked to the block size to conceal allocation. The primary outcome was day 100 non-relapse mortality. All analyses were by modified intention to treat, including only patients who received at least one dose of the study drug. No interim analyses were planned and accrual is complete. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01572662. Findings Between April 18, 2012, and Dec 9, 2015, 98 patients were enrolled. 49 patients were randomly assigned to the 16K group and 49 to the 20K group, one of which was removed from the study before starting the intervention. Median age was 60 years (IQR 54–67). 50 (52%) patients had an HCT-specific comorbidity index score of 3 or more, and 41 (42%) had a high or very high Disease Risk Index score. Day 100 non-relapse mortality was 4% (95% CI 0–10) in the 16K group and 6% (0–13) in the 20K group (p=0·65). Infection was the most common grade 3–5 toxicity in both the 20K group (25 [52%] of 48 patients) and the 16K group (24 [49%] of 49 participants). Mucositis (nine [19%] of 48 patients vs three [6%] of 49 patients), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (nine [19%] of 48 patients vs two [4%] of 49 patients), and culture-negative neutropenic fever (16 [33%] of 48 patients vs eight [16%] of 49 patients) were more common in the 20K group than in the 16K group. Interpretation Myeloablative doses of busulfan administered in a timed-sequential manner with fludarabine is associated with low non-relapse mortality in older patients and patients with comorbidities. Additional studies are required to show whether this approach can reduce the risk of relapse. Funding Cancer Center Support Grant (US National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health).
Enhancing Information Retention of Forensic Science Students: Incorporating a Simulated Crime Scene Practicum in the College Classroom

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether crime scene simulations benefit the learning process in terms of retention of knowledge. By providing a real-word experience via the Applied Learning pedagogy, the comprehension of the basic foundations of forensic science were indeed retained and reinforced through the incorporation of a mock crime scene in the classroom. A total of 50 undergraduate students majoring in criminal justice participated and were evaluated using three different assessment measures employed throughout the practicum: feedback, reflection, and debriefings. This qualitative research uncovered that students’ retention of the theories and concepts continued past the midterm examination while the instructor benefited from a multi-assessment approach to gauging student performance. Additionally, this research also found that learners benefited in ways beyond the scope of this study; they also came away with practical realizations relating to the benefits of collaboration and an understanding of how this course prepares them for careers in law enforcement.
Sandwich-Elemente mit Wabenkern für Karosserieanwendungen

Wabenformige Sandwich-Strukturen in Leichtbauweise werden in der Automobilindustrie vermehrt im Bereich von Hutablagen bis zur Ladeflache angewandt. Eine unzahlige Vielfalt verschiedener Losungen, abhangig von der Wahl der Kerngeometrie und des Werkstoffs, kann fur diese Segmente eingesetzt werden. In der Entwicklungsphase wird ein effizientes Vorhersage-Werkzeug benotigt — Rieter entwickelte hierfur ein auf einer asymptotischen Multiskalen-Methode basierendes mathematisches Modell.
Law in American History (Chapter 5)

This is Chapter Five of Law in American History: Volume One, From the Colonial Years Through the Civil War.The book’s purpose is to explore the relationship of law to some central themes of American history from the initial colonial settlements through the conclusion of the Civil War. The themes singled out in the book include the displacement of Amerindian tribes from land they occupied on the North American continent; the emergence of agricultural householding as the principal form of family life in colonial British America; the detachment of the American colonies from the British Empire and the theories of sovereignty and grievance that accompanied that development; the evolution of American forms of government from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution; the emergence of the Supreme Court of the United States as a major institution of American grievance; the westward movement of enterprise and population in the decades between the 1830’s and the 1850’s; the central role of slavery and westward expansion and the gradual dissolution of the Union during these decades; and the role of the Civil War as a culmination of the central themes of early American history and as a force in transforming the subsequent course of that history.
William Lippincott Hanaway Jr. (1929‒2018): Professor of Persian Literature

We note with sadness the passing of Professor William Hanaway, on 30 December 2018, at the age of eighty-nine, and extend our condolences to his family and friends. He was Emeritus Professor of Asi...
Incidence of early pulmonary vein reconnections using different energy sources for pulmonary vein isolation: Multielectrode phased radiofrequency vs second-generation cryoballoon.

OBJECTIVE To determine and compare the incidence of early recurrence of conduction after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using two different ablation technologies: phased radiofrequency by a multipolar ablation catheter (PVAC) and cryo-ablation by a second-generation cryoballoon (CB). METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred patients (pts) with atrial fibrillation underwent PVI with PVAC (Group 1) or CB (Group 2), with 100 pts in each group. The incidence of PV reconnection (PVR) for each vein was examined in both groups at least 30 minutes after successful PVI. There were no significant clinical differences between both groups. Total procedure-, fluoroscopy-, and left atrial (LA) dwell time were significantly shorter in Group 2 pts (P < .0001). Early PVR was recorded in 69/388 (18%) isolated PVs or left common trunks (CTs) in Group 1 compared with 25/386 (7%) in Group 2 (P < .0001). Forty-three pts in Group1 were found to have PVR compared with 22 pts in Group 2 (P = .0015). Group 1 pts with CTs showed significantly more PVR than pts of Group 2 (P = .047). In both groups, CTs and CT branches were found to reconnect significantly more frequent compared with all other veins. CONCLUSION Both PVAC and CB are effective to achieve PVI. Early PVR is observed with the significantly lower frequency with second-generation CB compared with PVAC, contributing to shorter procedure-, fluoroscopy, and LA dwell times. CTs and CT branches exhibit the highest incidence of PVR for both devices.
A mixed isogeometric analysis and control volume approach for heat transfer analysis of nonuniformly heated plates

A framework for conducting heat transfer analysis of nonuniformly heated plates using isogeometric analysis (IGA) is proposed. The modeling approach represents a method that is capable of capturing...
Outcomes of the Best in Class Intervention on Teachers' Use of Effective Practices, Self-Efficacy, and Classroom Quality.

A growing body of research exists on the effectiveness of classroom-based intervention programs to prevent and ameliorate social, emotional, and learning difficulties demonstrated by young children...
SNAP: Finding Approximate Second-Order Stationary Solutions Efficiently for Non-convex Linearly Constrained Problems

This paper proposes low-complexity algorithms for finding approximate second-order stationary points (SOSPs) of problems with smooth non-convex objective and linear constraints. While finding (approximate) SOSPs is computationally intractable, we first show that generic instances of the problem can be solved efficiently. More specifically, for a generic problem instance, certain strict complementarity (SC) condition holds for all Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) solutions (with probability one). The SC condition is then used to establish an equivalence relationship between two different notions of SOSPs, one of which is computationally easy to verify. Based on this particular notion of SOSP, we design an algorithm named the Successive Negative-curvature grAdient Projection (SNAP), which successively performs either conventional gradient projection or some negative curvature based projection steps to find SOSPs. SNAP and its first-order extension SNAP$^+$, require $\mathcal{O}(1/\epsilon^{2.5})$ iterations to compute an $(\epsilon, \sqrt{\epsilon})$-SOSP, and their per-iteration computational complexities are polynomial in the number of constraints and problem dimension. To our knowledge, this is the first time that first-order algorithms with polynomial per-iteration complexity and global sublinear rate have been designed to find SOSPs of the important class of non-convex problems with linear constraints.
Description of Multilingual Participants Who Stutter: An Update 2011-2018

Coalson, Pena, and Byrd published a systematic review that demonstrated significant limitations in the language profile descriptions for multilingual participants who stutter for studies that were ...
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL CORRELATES OF AORTIC DILATION IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex entity with multiple associated clinical ramifications. The prevalence of aortic dilation and associated clinical correlates in patients with HCM remain unclear. All patients with HCM evaluated at a tertiary referral center who underwent transthoracic
The science of puromycin: From studies of ribosome function to applications in biotechnology

Puromycin is a naturally occurring aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome-catalyzed incorporation into the C-terminus of elongating nascent chains, blocking further extension and resulting in premature termination of translation. It is most commonly known as a selection marker for cell lines genetically engineered to express a resistance transgene, but its additional uses as a probe for protein synthesis have proven invaluable across a wide variety of model systems, ranging from purified ribosomes and cell-free translation to intact cultured cells and whole animals. Puromycin is comprised of a nucleoside covalently bound to an amino acid, mimicking the 3' end of aminoacylated tRNAs that participate in delivery of amino acids to elongating ribosomes. Both moieties can tolerate some chemical substitutions and modifications without significant loss of activity, generating a diverse toolbox of puromycin-based reagents with added functionality, such as biotin for affinity purification or fluorophores for fluorescent microscopy detection. These reagents, as well as anti-puromycin antibodies, have played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of the regulation and dysregulation of protein synthesis in normal and pathological processes, including immune response and neurological function. This manuscript reviews the current state of puromycin-based research, including structure and mechanism of action, relevant derivatives, use in advanced methodologies and some of the major insights generated using such techniques both in the lab and the clinic.
Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer.

Diabetes is one of the most important chronic conditions worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Several types of research have been conducted to ascertain the link between diabetes and its potential for increasing the risk of breast cancer. This research aims to determine the relationship between diabetes and breast cancer; patients with diabetes have a higher risk than the general population of developing cancer, and diabetes patients have a higher incidence and mortality of breast cancer. This research also reviewed the relationship between cytokines, the mitogenic effect of insulin-like growth factors, and breast cells. The review includes searching the PubMed database using the keywords "diabetes," "breast cancer," "risk factor," and "premenopausal." The search returned 53 articles used for review of this article.
The clinical significance of serum brain natriuretic peptide in children with Kawasaki disease

Objective To study the serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the correlation with the heart function in children with Kawasaki disease(KD), and to explore its clinical value for diagnosis of KD. Method A total of 43 children aged from 5 months to 8 years with mean age of (2.3 + 0.6) years with KD admitted from February 2007 to April 2009 were enrolled into this study as KD group, and patients with myocarditis, myocardiopathy, congenital heart disease and other primary heart disease were ruled out. Another 30 healthy children were taken as control health group. There were no significant differences in age and gender between two groups (P >0.05) .The serum levels of BNP were measured both in acute and recovery stages of KD by using ELISA. The serum levels of BNP in healthy children were measured randomly once. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular shorten fraction ( LVSF), cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular inflow velocity through the mitral annulus (including E-velocity and A-velocity) were measured by using two-dimensional echocardiography in acute and recovery stages of KD. Data were analyzed with t -test and the linear regression analysis test. Results The serum level of BNP in acute stage was (517.26 + 213.40) ng/mL and was significantly higher than that in recovery stage (91.56 + 47.97) ng/mL, and higher than that in control group (91.56 + 47.97) ng/mL (P 0.05). The BNP level had negative correlation with the levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI(r = -0.63, -0.52, and - 0.53, respectively, P 0.05). Conclusions The serum levels of BNP increase significantly in the KD patients, and have negative correlation with the levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI. The detection of serum levels of BNP has an important significance for diagnosis of KD. Key words: Natriuretie peptide,brain; Kawasaki disease; Ejection fraction,left ventricular; Shorten fraction, left ventricular; Cardiac index; E/A; Correlation; Children
Security cameras in taxicabs with three rows of seating

Taxicab security cameras are widely used to deter crimes against taxicab drivers in two-row-seating taxicabs. Some of these cameras have difficulty for use in three-row-seating taxicabs due to incr...
Protecting Against an Unable President: Reforms for Invoking the 25th Amendment and Overseeing Presidential Nuclear Launch Authority

The immense powers of the presidency and the vast array of global threats demand a physically and mentally capable president. To help ensure able presidential leadership, this report by Fordham Law School's Democracy Clinic advocates reforms related to the 25th Amendment, including proposals for an “other body” to act with the vice president in certain circumstances to declare the president unable and a mechanism for officials to report concerns about the president’s capacity. The report also recommends new checks on the president’s authority to use nuclear weapons, such as procedures for notifying top national security officials when use is contemplated.
Functions of a Complex Variable

Now that we understand complex numbers, we ask about a function of a complex variable: a machine which takes in a complex number and spits out a complex number. Just as we can associate with points on the x-axis a function f(x), we may associate with each point (x, y) in the complex plane a function $$f\left( {x,y} \right) = u\left( {x,y} \right) + iv\left( {x,y} \right)$$ (6.1.1) where u and v are real and represent the real and imaginary parts of the function f. Thus we have manufactured a complex function by patching together any two real functions of two real variables. Let us assume u and v have first order partial derivatives that are continuous.
Mobile Interventions to Improve Quality of Life Among Pre and Post Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of mobile apps interventions for breast cancer patients in improving quality of life and reducing reoccurrence and death caused by comorbidities due to obesity. Methods: Searched Medline (2014-2019) and reviewed a reference list to identify eligible articles. We extracted study descriptions such as study design, sample size, duration in weeks, completion rate, theories, control, intervention, measures, and statistical significance. Results: 7 articles were reviewed for this study to evaluate the impact of mobile app interventions for breast cancer patients and survivors. 5 studies measured the quality of life outcomes. The remaining 2 studies measured patient's self-reporting and mobile application usage compliance. Quality of life outcomes was grouped into anxiety and depression, increased physical activity/ weight reduction, nutrition, self-efficacy, and reduced side-effects of Chemotherapy drugs. Conclusions: Providing an interface for breast cancer patients to interact with each other and message providers directly with customized feedback via mobile applications was effective for improving client’s physical activity and quality of life. However, too much information revealed increased anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients.
Femtosecond intersystem crossing to the reactive triplet state of the 2,6-dithiopurine skin cancer photosensitizer.

Site-selected sulfur-substituted nucleobases are a class of all organic, heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy applications that exhibit excellent photophysical properties such as strong absorption in the ultraviolet-A region of the electromagnetic spectrum, near-unity triplet yields, and a high yield of singlet oxygen generation. Recent investigations on doubly thionated nucleobases, 2,4-dithiothymine, 2,4-dithiouracil, and 2,6-dithiopurine, demonstrated that these set of dithionated nucleobases outperform the photodynamic efficacy exhibit by 4-thiothymidine–the most widely studied singly substituted thiobase to date. Out of the three dithionated nucleobases, 2,6-dithiopurine was shown to be the most effective, exhibiting inhibition of cell proliferation of up to 63% when combined with a low UVA dose of 5 J cm−2. In this study, we elucidated the electronic relaxation pathways leading to the population of the reactive triplet state of 2,6-dithiopurine. 2,6-Dithiopurine populates the triplet manifold in less than 150 fs, reaching the nπ* triplet state minimum within a lifetime of 280 ± 50 fs. Subsequently, the population in the nπ* triplet state minimum internally converts to the long-lived ππ* triplet state within a lifetime of 3 ± 1 ps. The relatively slow internal conversion lifetime is associated with major conformational relaxation in going from the nπ* to ππ* triplet state minimum. A unity triplet yield of 1.0 ± 0.1 is measured.
Prescribing of Low versus High-Cost Part B Drugs in Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare.

OBJECTIVE Examine whether Medicare Advantage (MA) coverage is associated with more efficient prescribing of Part B drugs than traditional Medicare (TM) coverage. DATA SOURCES 20% sample of 2016 outpatient and carrier TM claims and MA encounter records and Master Beneficiary Summary File data. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed whether MA enrollees compared to TM enrollees more often received the low-cost Part B drug in four clinical scenarios where multiple similarly effective drugs exist: 1) anti-VEGF agents to treat macular degeneration, 2) bone resorption inhibitors for osteoporosis, 3) bone resorption inhibitors for malignant neoplasms, and 4) intravenous iron for anemia. We then estimated differences in spending if TM prescribing aligned with MA prescribing. Finally, using linear probability models, we examined whether differences in MA and TM prescribing patterns were attributable to differences in the hospitals and clinician practices who treat MA and TM enrollees or differences in how these hospitals and clinician practices treat their MA versus TM patients. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS N/A PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In all cases, a larger share of MA enrollees received the low-cost drug compared to TM enrollees, ranging from 8 percentage points higher for anemia to 16 percentage points higher for macular degeneration in the unadjusted analysis. Results were similar in regression analyses controlling for enrollee characteristics and market factors (5 to 13 percentage points). If TM prescribing matched MA prescribing, we estimated savings ranging from 6-20% of TM spending for each scenario. Differences in prescribing patterns were driven both by MA enrollees receiving treatment at more efficient hospitals and clinician practices and hospitals and clinician practices more often prescribing low-cost drugs to their MA patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show MA enrollees were more likely than TM enrollees to receive low-cost Part B drugs in four clinical scenarios where multiple similarly or equally effective treatment options exist. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Cockpit Automation: Still Struggling to Catch Up…

Publisher Summary Over the past 20 years, progress has been made toward this goal but surprisingly many issues are still unresolved. New ones are emerging as a result of the increasing complexity and volume of air traffic operations and the introduction of yet more automated systems that are not well integrated. The human factors profession has “caught up” in the sense that a large body of research has improved our understanding of (breakdowns in) the interaction between pilots and automated flight deck systems, such as the Flight Management System (FMS) or the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Also, promising solutions to some known problems in the form of improved design, training, and procedures have been proposed and tested. This chapter aims to summarize this work and provide an update of the existing knowledge base on issues related to the design and use of cockpit technologies. Different levels and capabilities of automated systems are reviewed. Next, breakdowns in pilot-automation interaction are discussed, both in terms of research methods that were used to identify and analyze problems and with respect to the nature of, and contributing factors to, observed difficulties with mode awareness, trust, and coordination.
A Final Obstacle: Barriers to Divorce for Immigrant Victims of Domestic Violence in the United States

Low-income immigrant victims of domestic violence face significant - and understudied - social, legal and political obstacles in obtaining divorces from their abusive spouses. Moreover, funding restrictions on legal service providers often prohibit their representation of victims in divorce proceedings, which further reduces immigrant victims’ ability to obtain meaningful divorce relief. These issues are virtually unexamined in the scholarly literature; the problem of the abused, immigrant wife seeking a divorce has been given short shrift. This Article examines the problems confronting this community then proposes reforms to address its particular needs. Part I explores the unique condition of the immigrant living in the United States and how cultural, social and political constructs often shape an immigrant’s ability to pursue and obtain a divorce. Part II examines the barriers faced by low-income immigrants, whether they are lawfully present in the United States or not. Existing federal laws explicitly designed to protect immigrant victims of domestic violence in abusive marriages can place victims in difficult positions where they must choose between their physical safety (i.e., leaving their abusive spouses) or their immigration status stability (i.e., staying married to their spouses so they can secure their immigration benefit through a spouse). Part III discusses an additional barrier which makes it more difficult for low-income immigrant victims to obtain the legal services they need to escape abusive marriages: funding streams that de-emphasize the importance of divorce in the lives of battered women generally and immigrants in particular. The funding constraints limit what legal service organizations can do for domestic violence victims who need representation in divorce proceedings. Finally, Part IV explores the challenges in reforming the laws and policies that impose barriers for battered immigrants who seek to divorce their abusive spouses. In particular, legislative and political decisions are driven by traditional attitudes towards upholding marriage and disfavoring divorce. These deeply-entrenched attitudes erect obstacles that make it difficult for low-income people to obtain meaningful divorce relief. With these challenges in mind, this Part concludes by proposing legislative, funding source policy and advocacy reforms that address the unique obstacles facing immigrant victims of violence and that would work towards opening the doors to the long-term freedom from abuse and the independence that divorce relief provides.
Leaf classification utilizing a convolutional neural network

Tree identification is an important task in biological research. Since not all biologists are qualified for this task and experts are not accessible all the time, an application to assist in plant identification would be extremely useful. This paper describes an application classifies the type of a tree based on a picture of one of its leaves. The system developed for this research utilizes a convolutional neural network in an android mobile application to classify natural images of leaves.
Dispersion of repolarization and refractoriness are determinants of arrhythmia phenotype in transgenic mice with long QT.

Enhanced dispersion of repolarization (DR) and refractoriness may be a unifying mechanism central to arrhythmia genesis in the long QT (LQT) syndrome. The role of DR in promoting arrhythmias was investigated in several strains of molecularly engineered mice: (a) Kv4.2 dominant negative transgenic (Kv4.2DN) that lacks the fast component of the transient outward current, Ito,f, have action potential (AP) and QT prolongation, but no spontaneous arrhythmias, (b) Kv1.4 targeted mice (Kv1.4−/−) that lack the slow component of Ito (Ito,s), have no QT prolongation and no spontaneous arrhythmias, and (c) double transgenic (Kv4.2DN×Kv1.4−/−) mice that lack both Ito,f and Ito,s, have AP and QT prolongation, and spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Hearts were perfused, stained with di-4-ANEPPS and optically mapped. Activation patterns and conduction velocities were similar between the strains but AP duration at 75% recovery (APD75) was longer in Kv4.2DN (28.0 ± 2.5 ms, P < 0.01, n= 6), Kv1.4−/− (28.4 ± 0.4 ms, P < 0.01, n= 5) and Kv4.2DN×Kv1.4−/− (34.3 ± 2.6 ms, P < 0.01, n= 6) mice than controls (20.3 ± 1.0 ms, n= 5). Dispersion of refractoriness between apex and base was markedly reduced in Kv4.2DN (0.3 ± 0.5 ms, n= 6, P < 0.05) but enhanced in Kv1.4−/− (14.2 ± 2.0 ms, n= 5, P < 0.05) and Kv4.2DN×Kv1.4−/− (15.0 ± 3 ms, n= 5, P < 0.5) mice compared with controls (10 ± 2 ms, n= 5). A premature pulse elicited ventricular tachycardia (VT) in Kv1.4−/− (n= 4/5) and Kv4.2DN×Kv1.4−/− hearts (n= 5/5) but not Kv4.2DN hearts (n= 0/6). Voltage-clamp recordings showed that Ito,f was 30% greater in myocytes from the apex than base which may account for the absence of DR in Kv4.2DN mice. Thus, dispersion of repolarization (DR) appears to be an important determinant of arrhythmia vulnerability.
Magnesium, Calcium and Zinc Levels of Maternal and Fetal Tissues in Magnesium Deficient Rats

The interaction of magnesium with two other mineral elements, calcium and zinc, was studied in maternal tissues and fetuses of pregnant rats fed a magnesium deficient diet throughout gestation. Reduction in maternal femur magnesium and a trend for increased kidney calcium reflected the dietary magnesium deficiency. In fetuses, however, total magnesium content was reduced and , in addition, fetal zinc content was also lower than normal in the group most severly deficient in magnesium. The possible interpretation of this magnesium-zinc interaction is discussed.
Borderlands Epistemologies and the Transnational Experience

Este articulo de reflexion se basa en un estudio etnografico de cinco maestras transnacionales de ingles en Mexico. Estas maestras aprendieron el ingles como hijas de inmigrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos. En el momento en que se realizo el estudio, ellas vivian y ensenaban en el lugar de origen de sus padres, el cual esta localizado en zonas rurales de Mexico. El proposito del articulo es examinar las maneras de conocer como las fronteras epistemologicas se reflejaban en su vida personal y profesional. Las experiencias transnacionales de vivir en y entre dos naciones aparecieron en la vanguardia de sus practicas culturales y linguisticas. Asimismo, estas maestras hablaban las lenguas del transnacionalismo empleando el translanguaging y consideraban el ingles como parte de su herencia cultural. Se identificaron plenamente con otros transnacionales con antecedentes similares y como maestras de ingles transformaron su aula en autenticas lecciones de lenguaje y cultura. Asi, las maneras de conocer sus fronteras epistemologicas revelaron su identidad y practica docente.
Curing Execution Errors and Mistaken Terms in Wills

Recent years have seen a remarkable change emerge in the way American courts treat cases involving errors in the execution or the content of wills. The courts have traditionally applied a rule of strict compliance and held the will invalid when some innocuous blunder occurred in complying with the Wills Act formalities, such as when one attesting witness went to the washroom before the other had finished signing. Likewise, the courts have traditionally applied a no-reformation rule in cases of mistaken terms, for example, when the typist dropped a paragraph from the will or the drafter misrendered names or other attributes of a devise; the court would not correct the will no matter how conclusively the mistake was shown. Leading modern authority in a number of American states has now reversed the strict compliance and no-reformation rules. Both by judicial decision and by legislation, the courts have been empowered to excuse harmless execution errors and to reform mistaken terms. Section 2-503 of the Uniform Probate Code treats a noncomplying will as if it had been executed in compliance with the statutory formalities, if the proponent establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the decedent intended the document as his or her will. The new Restatement of Property endorses the harmless-error rule. The new Restatement authorizes courts to reform mistaken terms in a will. The new Restatement’s reformation provision, which has now been codified in § 2-805 of the Uniform Probate Code and § 415 of the Uniform Trust Code, provides that a court may reform any donative document, including a will, “to conform the text to the donor’s intention if it is established by clear and convincing evidence (1) that a mistake of fact or law, whether in expression or inducement, affected specific terms of the document; and (2) what the donor’s intention was.” The provisions of the new Restatement and the Uniform Probate Code endorsing the harmless-error and reformation rules for American law bring new opportunities and responsibilities for probate lawyers. The older conventions of the strict-compliance rule and the no-reformation rule are now open to challenge everywhere. Lawyers processing probate matters need to be alert to the opportunity they now have to raise issues that used to be foreclosed. Sad cases of defeated intent that used to be beyond hope may now be remediable. Innocuous formal defects can be excused, and mistaken terms can be reformed, but only if counsel sees the issue and brings it forward and, in jurisdictions that have not codified the new rules, if the court is hospitable to them.
Optimizing array accesses in high productivity languages

One of the outcomes of DARPA's HPCS program has been the creation of three new high productivity languages: Chapel, Fortress, and X10. While these languages have introduced improvements in language expressiveness and programmer productivity, several technical challenges still remain in delivering high performance with these languages. In the absence of optimization, the high-level language constructs that improve productivity can result in order-of-magnitude runtime performance degradations. This paper addresses the problem of efficient code generation for high level array accesses in the X10 language. Two aspects of high level array accesses in X10 are important for productivity but also pose significant performance challenges: the high level accesses are performed through Point objects rather than integer indices, and variables containing references to arrays are rank-independent. Our solution to the first challenge is to extend the X10 compiler with automatic inlining and scalar replacement of Point objects. Our partial solution to the second challenge is to use X10's dependent type system to enable the programmer to annotate array variable declarations with additional information for the rank and region of the variable, and to allow the compiler to generate efficient code in cases where the dependent type information is available. Although this paper focuses on high level array accesses in X10, our approach is applicable to similar constructs in other languages. Our experimental results for single-thread performance demonstrate that these compiler optimizations can enable high-level X10 array accesses with implicit ranks and Points to improve performance by up to a factor of 5.4 × over unoptimized X10 code, and to also achieve performance comparable (from 48% to 100%) to that of lower-level Java programs. These results underscore the importance of the optimization techniques presented in this paper for achieving high performance with high productivity.
A Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania

. Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania. Philip W. Setel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.308 pp.
The effect of the space flight environment on mucin production in the mouse uterine tube

Abstract Numerous studies have indicated that the microgravity environment of space has harmful effects on several tissues throughout the body. Although this phenomenon is well documented, research in this area is still in its relative infancy. This study investigates the effects of space flight on mucin production of the uterine tubes of mice. This study examined the epithelium of the uterine tubes from female mice that were flown on the space shuttle Endeavour for 13 days in August, 2007 and their concomitant controls. The tissue was qualitatively analyzed for the type of mucin produced, i.e., acidic, neutral, acidic/neutral mixture. Further, the tissue was quantitatively analyzed for the amounts of mucins produced by measuring the thickness of the mucin layer for each region of the uterine tube: isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum. One way ANOVA tests were used to compare mucin thickness between all three sets of animals. Results indicate similar but not identical results between the three regions of the uterine tube. The Baseline tissue had the thickest mucin layer regardless of treatment group. In the ampulla the mucin layer was the thinnest in the Flight tissue, followed by the Ground Control, with the Baseline being the thickest. Analysis of the mucin layer of the infundibulum of the three treatment groups indicated no difference in its thickness between the three regions of the uterine tube. These results indicate a trend toward thinning of the mucin layer of the uterine tube in space flight, but also indicate an influence by the housing environment.
SpaC and NisC, the cyclases involved in subtilin and nisin biosynthesis, are zinc proteins

Lantibiotics are peptide-derived antimicrobial agents that are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified by a multienzyme complex to their biologically active forms. Nisin has attracted much attention recently due to its novel mechanism of action including specific binding to the bacterial cell wall precursor lipid II, followed by membrane permeabilization. Nisin has been commercially used as a food preservative, while other lantibiotics show promising activity against bacterial infections. The posttranslational modifications are believed to be carried out by a multienzyme complex. At present the enzymes catalyzing the formation of the lantibiotic signature structural motifs, dehydroalanine (Dha), dehydrobutyrine (Dhb), lanthionine (Ln), and methyllanthionine (MeLn), are poorly characterized. In an effort to gain insight into the mechanism by which lantibiotics are biosynthesized, the cyclase enzymes involved in the synthesis of nisin and subtilin (NisC and SpaC, respectively) have been cloned, expressed, and purified. Both proteins exist as monomers in solution and contain a stoichiometric zinc atom. EXAFS data on SpaC and a C349A mutant are in line with two cysteine ligands to the metal in the wild-type enzyme with possibly two additional histidines. The two cysteine ligands are likely Cys303 and Cys349 on the basis of sequence alignments and EXAFS data. The metal may function to activate the cysteine thiol of the peptide substrate toward intramolecular Michael addition to the dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine residues in the peptide.
Current surgical therapy for stage IIIA (N2) non-small cell lung cancer

Local therapy alone (surgery or radiation) leads to poor overall survival in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer because most of these patients die of distant metastases. During the past 20 years, studies have focused on developing effective chemotherapy regimens that can be combined with local therapies (surgery and/or radiation). The role of surgery has been evaluated, and the selection criteria for resection have been defined.
Infrared Absorption Probing of the Cl + C3H6 Reaction: Rate Coefficients for HCl Production between 290 and 800 K

The reaction of Cl with propylene, C3H6, has been investigated as a function of temperature (293−800 K) and pressure (3−10 Torr) using the laser photolysis/infrared long-path absorption (LP/IRLPA) technique. The measured rate coefficient for HCl production is well-described by a simple Arrhenius expression (4.9 ± 0.5) × 10-11 exp[−(90 ± 50)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (all error estimates ± 2σ). At T ≤ 400 K biexponential time behavior of the HCl production is observed, arising from excited C3H6Cl adduct dissociation, but at higher temperature single-exponential behavior is seen. Comparison of measurements in CO2 buffer, where HCl vibrational relaxation is rapid, and in Ar buffer allows extraction of the HCl(v=1) + C3H6 vibrational relaxation rate and the fraction of vibrationally excited HCl produced in the reaction. The measured rate coefficient for HCl(v=1) vibrational relaxation by C3H6 is (3.7 ± 0.7) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and the fraction of vibrationally excited HCl produced in the reaction is 0.48 ...
Computer modeling of multiscale fluid flow and heat and mass transfer in engineered spaces

Abstract Design and analysis of fluid flow and heat and mass transfer in engineered spaces require information of spatial scales ranging from 10 - 7 m to 10 3 m and time scales from 10 - 1 s to 10 8 s . The studies of such a multiscale problem often use multiple computer models, while each of computer models is applied to a small range of spatial and time scales. Accurate solution normally requires exchanging information between a macroscopic model and a microscopic model that can be done by coupling the two models. With the approach, it is possible to obtain an informative solution with the current computer memory and speed. This paper used a few examples of fluid flow and heat and mass transfer in engineered spaces to conclude that a coupled macroscopic and microscopic model is likely to have a solution and the solution is unique. A stable solution for the coupled model can be obtained if some criteria are met. The information transfer between the macroscopic and microscopic models is mostly two ways. A one-way assumption can be accepted when the impact from small scale on large scale is not very significant.
The Form of the Informal

From “Black Collectivities: A Conference,” held May 3–4, 2013, at Northwestern University’s Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, and the University of Chicago’s Arts Incubator. This article places the informal as a social ideal within a larger history of collectivism by distinguishing between two root forms, one derived from formal enfranchisement of political life and the state and the other from the laissez-faire informality of economic life and the market. While we are very aware of the social and political costs associated with collectivisms that derive their organizational principle from the state, on the whole we are much less attentive to the costs borne by collectivisms that derive their form from the market.
Integration of the mammalian shoulder girdle within populations and over evolutionary time.

Morphological integration has the potential to link morphological variation within populations with morphological evolution among species. This study begins to investigate this link by comparing integration among shoulder girdle elements (e.g. scapular blade, glenoid, coracoid, etc.) during the origin and evolution of therian mammals, and within modern bat, opossum and mouse populations. In this study, correlations among skeletal elements and patterns of allometry are used as proxies for integration. Results suggest that shoulder girdle elements tended to vary and evolve independently during the origin of mammals and subsequent radiation of placentals, consistent with the elements’ distinct developmental and evolutionary origins. This finding suggests that skeletal element correlations, and therefore integration, can be conserved over large taxonomic and temporal scales. However, marsupials display a different pattern in which shoulder girdle elements tend to be more integrated, with the exception of the coracoid. This finding is consistent with a shift in the pattern of skeletal element integration coincident with the appearance of the marsupial mode of reproduction. This finding provides further evidence that development can play a significant role in the establishment of patterns of skeletal element correlation and that patterns of skeletal element correlation can themselves evolve when faced with sufficient selective pressures.
A helical cathode position sensitive proportional counter system for use in a broad range spectrograph

Abstract A 40 cm helical cathode position sensitive gas counter (Helix) has been developed for use with an Enge split-pole spectrograph. The detector consists of three separate sections: the position and ΔE proportional counters and a total energy ( E ) plastic scintillator. These detectors provide the signals for position information, particle identification and background suppression (when operated in a coincidence mode). The plastic scintillator is used for particle identification when detecting Z = 1 ions and provides energy resolutions of about 5%. For Z≥2 ions either the ΔE or the position counter is used. Inherent spatial resolution of
Towards fused vision and force robust feedback control of nanorobotic-based manipulation and grasping

Abstract This paper presents the design and development of a fused vision force feedback robust controller for a nanomanipulator used in nanofiber grasping and nano-fabric production applications. The RRP (revolute revolute prismatic) nanomanipulator considered here utilizes two rotational motors with 0.1 μrad resolution and one linear Nanomotor ® with 0.25 nm resolution. The nanomanipulator is capable of achieving well-behaved kinematic and backlash-free characteristics in addition to atomic scale precision to guarantee accurate manipulation at the nanoscale. A mathematical model of the nanomanipulator is formulated, along with direct and inverse kinematics and dynamic equations of the system. Unlike typical macroscale manipulator models and controllers, the controller development is not trivial due to nanoscale movement and forces, coupled with unmodeled dynamics, nonlinear structural dynamics and mainly the lack of position and velocity feedbacks in this particular nanomanipulator. Utilizing pure vision feedback to acquire nanomanipulator’s tip position is shown to have limited capabilities in achieving the desired control accuracy. To remedy this, a controlled fusion of visual servoing and force feedbacks for nanomanipulator positioning is proposed and analyzed extensively. Following the development of the controller, numerical simulations with generic feedback using a realistic scenario with fused vision and force feedbacks are presented to demonstrate the positioning performance capability in the nanomanipulation applications considered here.
Heme Iron Nitrosyl Complex of MauG Reveals an Efficient Redox Equilibrium between Hemes with Only One Heme Exclusively Binding Exogenous Ligands

MauG is a diheme enzyme that oxidizes two protein-bound tryptophan residues to generate a catalytic tryptophan tryptophylquinone cofactor within methylamine dehydrogenase. Upon the two-electron oxidation of bis-ferric MauG, the two c-type hemes exist as a spin-uncoupled bis-Fe(IV) species with only one binding oxygen, which is chemically equivalent to a single ferryl heme plus a pi porphyrin cation radical ( Li , X. et al. ( 2008 ) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 , 8597 - 8600 ). The EPR spectrum of the nitrosyl complex of fully reduced MauG shows a single six-coordinate Fe(II)-NO species, which is characteristic of a histidine-ligated Fe(II)-NO moiety in the heme environment. Exposure of partially reduced MauG to NO reveals a redox equilibrium with facile electron transfer between hemes but with only one binding nitric oxide. Thus, the second heme is able to stabilize all three redox states of iron (Fe(II), Fe(III), and Fe(IV)) in a six-coordinate protein-bound heme without binding exogenous ligands. This is unprecedented behavior for a protein-bound heme for which each of these redox states is relevant to the overall catalytic mechanism. The results also illustrate the electronic communication between the two iron centers, which function as a diheme unit rather than independent heme cofactors.