cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of contraceptive use among Mexican-origin women.

BACKGROUND Mexican women in the United States (US) have higher rates of fertility compared to other ethnic groups and women in Mexico. Whether variation in women's access to family planning services or patterns of contraceptive use contributes to this higher fertility has received little attention. OBJECTIVE We explore Mexican women's contraceptive use, taking into account women's place in the reproductive life course. METHODS Using nationally representative samples from the US (National Survey of Family Growth) and Mexico (Encuesta National de la Dinamica Demografica), we compared the parity-specific frequency of contraceptive use and fertility intentions for non-migrant women, foreign-born Mexicans in the US, US-born Mexicans, and whites. RESULTS Mexican women in the US were less likely to use IUDs and more likely to use hormonal contraception than women in Mexico. Female sterilization was the most common method among higher parity women in both the US and Mexico, however, foreign-born Mexicans were less likely to be sterilized, and the least likely to use any permanent contraceptive method. Although foreign-born Mexicans were slightly less likely to report that they did not want more children, differences in method use remained after controlling for women's fertility intentions. CONCLUSION At all parities, foreign-born Mexicans used less effective methods. These findings suggest that varying access to family planning services may contribute to variation in women's contraceptive use. COMMENTS Future studies are needed to clarify the extent to which disparities in fertility result from differences in contraceptive access.
On finding 'exciting' trajectories for identification experiments involving systems with non-linear dynamics

When designing an identification experiment for a system described by non-linear functions, such as those of manipulator dynamics, it is necessary to consider the sufficiency of excitation. It is shown that the convergence rate and noise immunity of a parameter identification experiment depend directly upon the condition number of the persistent excitation matrix. A method is presented to optimize this condition number using the calculus of variations. Analysis of condition numbers of several trajectories has shown that intuitively selected trajectories can be very poorly conditioned. The optimizer applied to the best trajectory in one experiment reported in the literature has reduced the convergence time from 1 hour and 25 minutes to 4 minutes.
Conditions for primitive-lattice-vector-direction equal contrasts in four-beam-interference lithography

Four distinct conditions for primitive-lattice-vector-direction equal contrasts in four-beam interference are introduced and described. By maximizing the absolute contrast subject to an equal contrast condition, lithographically useful interference patterns are found. Each condition is described in terms of the corresponding constraints on the plane wave wave vectors, polarizations, and intensities. The resulting locations of global intensity maxima, minima, and saddle points are presented. Subordinate conditions for unity absolute contrast are also developed. Three lattices are treated for each condition: simple cubic, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic.
Reproducible technique for deposition of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin film from RF sputtering--

The composition of Y–Ba–Cu–O thin films deposited by RF sputtering was found to depend strongly on the substrate location and accumulated sputtering time, if a stoichiometric compound target was used. The film is seriously off-stoichiometric, with Ba being deficient, and Cu and Y in excess not only for the centered substrate, but also for the off-centered substrate. However, after prolonged sputtering, stable conditions can be obtained and a right film composition achieved for the off-centered substrate. A more powerful technique for obtaining stoichiometry in as-deposited thin films can be realized by arranging the substrate perpendicular to the target. The accumulated sputtering time for obtaining reproducible stoichiometric, as-deposited films is directly related to the substrate location. A stoichiometric thin film was obtained during the first deposition from a new target and repeated in many following runs.
Influence of hydrostatic pressure gradients on regulation of plasma volume after exercise

The impact of posture on the immediate recovery of intravascular fluid and protein after intense exercise was determined in 14 volunteers. Forces which govern fluid and protein movement in muscle i...
A comparison of factor analytic methods of obtaining cardiovascular autonomic components for the assessment of mental workload

The diagnosticity of heart rate for mental workload assessment can be improved with an autonomic space model of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system influences on the heart. Methods of deriving autonomic components to estimate the underlying sympathetic and parasympathetic activity needed to identify autonomic modes of control for heart period were examined. Alternative factor extraction and rotation methods were compared using data from a laboratory study that measured the electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram simultaneously. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was found to validly estimate the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity when computed on multiple psychophysiological measures obtained from raw EKG data. Use of the method was illustrated with single and dual mental arithmetic and second-order compensatory manual tracking tasks. Different autonomic modes of control were found for divided attention that were not evident in heart period. Uncoupled sympathetic activation was indicated for divided attention when the mental arithmetic tasks were added to the tracking single tasks, but uncoupled parasympathetic inhibition was indicated for divided attention when the tracking tasks were added to the mental arithmetic single tasks.
Estimating production benefits through simulation of group and individual feeding of dairy cows.

Objectives were 1) to develop DMI and milk prediction equations, 2) to use these equations to simulate group and individual feeding of dairy herds, and 3) to estimate effects of group and individual feeding on FCM production. University of New Hampshire data were used to predict DMI from previous DMI and cow and ration characteristics. The same data were used to predict milk production from DMI and previous milk production. Feeding was simulated for 100 cows over 50 4-wk periods in a number of trials. Effects of individual feeding, additional groups, herd calving intervals, and within-herd variation of annual milk production per cow on daily FCM per cow were isolated in average and high producing herds. Changing from one group to individual feeding can increase daily FCM per cow by .5 to 1.1 kg and two groups to individual feeding by 0 to .8 kg without changing total herd nutrient intake. Reallocation of the same amount of nutrients to two groups instead of one can increase daily milk production by .15 to .8 kg of FCM per cow, reallocation to three groups instead of two by 0 to .6 kg of FCM per cow, and reallocation to four groups instead of three by 0 to .35 kg of FCM per cow.
Geographic variation in morphology of Dark-eyed Juncos and implications for population divergence

Abstract Geographic variation in morphology that develops among closely related populations can help drive genetic divergence, and eventually speciation, when those morphological traits are the basis for social interactions that influence reproduction. The North American Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) complex is an interesting case in speciation. The numerous subspecies have distinct breeding ranges and unique plumage coloration, but based on the presence of hybrid populations and recent genetic data, can be considered to belong to a single species. Research within various populations of juncos has shown first, that wing length and the amount of white on the tail feathers (“tail white”) influence an individual's dominance status and mating success, and second, that these traits can undergo rapid evolution when social and environmental conditions change. Here, I used museum specimens to examine tail white and body size, as measured by wing and tail length, of males and females within and among 13 geograp...
Distributed amplification: A new approach

A general formula is derived for gain of a distributed amplifier using nonuniform lines but with image impedance match at each connection. A study of the gain formula shows that the rise of gain can be eliminated by having different propagation functions for the sections. Thus a new method of constructing amplifiers having constant gain is obtained. The new amplifier also shows pronounced improvement in transient response. In order to verify some of the theoretical predictions, an experimental amplifier of this type was built, and its characteristics studied. It is found that the theoretical calculations and the experimental results are nearly matched.
Experimental results showing the effects of optimal spacing between elements of a linear microphone array

Stochastic region contraction is applied to an improved field model which includes attenuation due to the source-to-microphone distance, and a new optimal spacing is derived. The performances of equispaced, logarithmically spaced, old-model optimal, and new-model optimal arrays were measured experimentally and are compared to the results predicted from the mathematical model. The shape of the power distribution of the received signal in the near field of the array is verified in general. The differences are due to echoes, background noise, nonideal microphone beam patterns, and other variables that were not included in the model. >
Neodymium: YAG laser iridotomy

During the past several years the Neodymium:YAG laser has become increasingly popular for performing peripheral iridotomy. Using energy levels of 2-8 millijoules per shot and 1-3 shots per treatment, most irides can be penetrated in one sitting. Nd:YAG laser iridotomies show very little tendency to close, except in patients with active intraocular inflammation. A small amount of hemorrhage is common following YAG laser iridotomy, but clinically significant hyphema is rare. Significant lenticular or corneal damage is extremely rare. Although longterm follow-up of large numbers of patients is lacking, Nd:YAG laser iridotomy appears to be a safe and effective alternative to Argon laser iridotomy in selected patients.
Characteristics of veterans receiving buprenorphine vs. methadone for opioid use disorder nationally in the Veterans Health Administration

Abstract Background The advent of buprenorphine as an alternative to methadone has dramatically shifted the landscape of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, there is limited US national level data describing thedifferences between patients who are prescribed these two OAT options. Methods From veterans with OUD diagnosis who used Veterans Health Administration services in 2012, we identified 3 mutually exclusive groups: those who received (1) buprenorphine only ( n = 5,670); (2) methadone only ( n = 6,252); or (3) both buprenorphine and methadone in the same year ( n = 2513). We calculated the bi-varate effect size differences (risk ratios and Cohen’s d) forcharacteristics that differentiated these groups. Logistic regression analysis was then used to identify factors independently differentiating the groups. Results Ten year increment in age (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.64–0.70), urban residence (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.25–0.33), and black race (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.35–0.43) were strongly and negatively associated with odds of receiving buprenorphine compared to methadone, while medical and psychiatric comorbidities or receipt of other psychiatric medications did not demonstrate substantial differences between groups. Conclusions Differences between veterans receiving buprenorphine or methadone based OAT seems to be largely shaped by demographic characteristics rather than medical or psychiatric or service use characteristics. A clearer understanding of the reasons for racial differences could be helpful in assuring that black OUD patients are not denied the opportunity to receive buprenorphine if that is their preference.
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography to Evaluate for Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), increasing morbidity and mortality. Current echocardiographic measures have poor predictive value for the diagnosis of PH in COPD. Right ventricular (RV) strain obtained by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a measure of myocardial deformation which correlates with RV function and survival in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that RV strain measurements would be feasible and correlate with invasive hemodynamic measurements in patients with COPD. Retrospective analysis of RV strain values from subjects with severe COPD with echocardiogram within 48 hours of right heart catheterization was performed. First, 54 subjects were included in the analysis. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and RV strain could be estimated in 31% and 57%, respectively. Then, 61% had RV-focused apical views, and of those, RV strain could be obtained for 94%. RV free wall strain correlated with PVR (r = 0.41, p = 0.02). Subjects with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 3 Wood units (WU) had less negative (worse) RV free wall strain values than those with PVR ≤ 3 WU, with a median strain of -20 (-23, -12) versus -23 (-29, -15), p -23 to be 92% sensitive and 44% specific for identifying PVR > 3 WU (AUC 0.71). RV strain estimates are feasible in the majority of subjects with severe COPD. RV strain correlates with PVR and may improve screening for PH in subjects with COPD.
Vera Brittain, Section 104(a) and Section 104A: A Case Study in Sorting Out Duration of Foreign Works Under the 1976 Copyright Act

My work looks at the legal complexity of determining the duration of copyright, and presents through a case study the odd results of our current system. Using British writer Vera Brittain (1893-1970), my work uses her 40 works to show inconsistencies in the system within an international context. In particular it looks at the national origin requirements for unpublished works and copyright retroactivity for foreign works. The paper then calls for and discusses the first stage of a tool for determining copyright duration within an international context.
Effect of magnesium deficiency on location of the intestinal absorption of magnesium in rats.

SummaryThe intestinal absorption of Mg28 plus 3 mg of carrier Mg was studied in normal and magnesium deficient rats. Absorption was distributed throughout the bowel in both groups, was quantitatively the greatest in the colon, and was increased in the deficient animals. The relative distribution of absorption did not appear to be significantly altered, indicating a generalized enhancement in the uptake of Mg from the alimentary tract in magnesium deficiency.
Seeking information in circles

This study explores Chatman's proposition of the theory of life in the round that members of a small world who live in the round will not cross the boundaries of their world to seek information. The study tests Chatman's proposition to find out whether it is applicable to the special population of Catholic clergy. The study was conducted with Catholic clergy from northern Nigeria. Findings show that these clergy are not likely to cross boundaries of their small worlds to seek information about their ministry or private lives. They prefer to seek such information within their circle of clergy. The findings align with Chatman's conclusion that life lived in the round has a negative influence on information seeking. This study advances the understanding of Chatman's theory of life in the round and positions religious status as a factor that is capable of influencing the information-seeking process.
Properties and roles of regulatory and cytoskeletal proteins in muscle

Myofibrils of muscle contain the basic structural units responsible for muscle contraction and relaxation in living animals.There are three kinds of myofibrillar proteins,namely,contractile proteins,regulatory proteins and cytoskeletal proteins.The properties and roles of regulatory and cytoskeletal proteins in muscle,and their influence on fresh meat product quality were reviewed in this paper.
Teaching an Old Dog a New Trick: Examining the Intersection of the Accommodation Doctrine and Groundwater Rights Through the Lens of Lubbock v. Coyote Lake Ranch, LLC.

In Getty Oil Co. v. Jones, Texas ushered in the accommodation doctrine, which works to balance competing dominant mineral estates and servient surface estates. This doctrine developed as the oil and gas industry became a power throughout the state. Few things could have the same long-term impact as oil — but water is surely one of them. Water developments dominate news cycles, legislative bill filings, and the minds of many Texans.What relationship does the accommodation doctrine have to severed groundwater estates? The Amarillo Court of Appeals faced this question in Lubbock v. Coyote Lake Ranch, LLC. Lubbock sought to invoke several deed provisions by exploring and producing a severed groundwater estate located beneath Coyote Lake Ranch. The Ranch challenged Lubbock’s plan by claiming that the city must show “due regard” for the surface estate by accommodating to the Ranch’s prior use. The Texas Supreme Court’s seemingly broad groundwater ownership decision in Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Day was foundational in the dispute. Ultimately, the court of appeals held that the accommodation doctrine did not apply.This note suggests the ramifications of the court of appeals’ decision are immense and must be carefully considered. Specifically, this note claims that the accommodation doctrine should be applied in the context of severed groundwater estates, but contract terms should be given significant weight when considering the entrenched accommodation doctrine elements. To simply bar the accommodation doctrine removes a useful backstop, which would go a long way toward protecting the competing interests of surface owners and groundwater owners in the years to come.
Muslim-Christian Polemics across the Mediterranean: The Splendid Replies of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī

This book is an analysis of the al-Ajwiba al-fākhira ʿan al-asʾila al-fājira (Splendid replies to insolent questions) by the seventh/thirteenth-century Egyptian Mālikī jurist Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāf...
Prediction of CYP2D6 phenotype from genotype across world populations.

Owing to its highly polymorphic nature and major contribution to the metabolism and bioactivation of numerous clinically used drugs, CYP2D6 is one of the most extensively studied drug-metabolizing enzymes and pharmacogenes. CYP2D6 alleles confer no, decreased, normal, or increased activity and cause a wide range of activity among individuals and between populations. However, there is no standard approach to translate diplotypes into predicted phenotype. We exploited CYP2D6 allele-frequency data that have been compiled for Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines (>60,000 subjects, 173 reports) in order to estimate genotype-predicted phenotype status across major world populations based on activity score (AS) assignments. Allele frequencies vary considerably across the major ethnic groups predicting poor metabolizer status (AS = 0) between 0.4 and 5.4% across world populations. The prevalence of genotypic intermediate (AS = 0.5) and normal (AS = 1, 1.5, or 2) metabolizers ranges between 0.4 and 11% and between 67 and 90%, respectively. Finally, 1 to 21% of subjects (AS >2) are predicted to have ultrarapid metabolizer status. This comprehensive study summarizes allele frequencies, diplotypes, and predicted phenotype across major populations, providing a rich data resource for clinicians and researchers. Challenges of phenotype prediction from genotype data are highlighted and discussed. Genet Med 19 1, 69–76.
An Investigation on the Role of Disruptive Technology Adoption on New Product Market Performance and Launch Timeliness

In order to increase productivity and efficiency during new product development (NPD), innovation managers are often faced with the question of adopting new technologies (Barczak et al. 2007). This could range from adopting newer physical systems used for product development (e.g. rapid prototyping systems, CRM software, etc.) to the adoption of quality methodologies (e.g. Six Sigma or Lean) in order to optimize productivity across different phases of product development. The benefits of integrating new technology into the NPD process appear obvious as previous literature has found that the adoption of new technologies can drastically impact innovation processes and services (Lyytinen and Rose 2003). However, as employees tend to meet procedural changes with reluctance, technology adoption can be risky (Morgan and Inks 2001; Lyytinen and Rose 2003). Further complicating this dilemma is the disruptiveness of the technology. By definition, disruptive technologies differ drastically from a preceding generation’s technologies, leading to a steeper learning curve, more short-term sacrifices, and increased reluctance from employees and end users (Morgan and Inks 2001; Sherif et al. 2006).
Linkage and association analysis of circulating vitamin D and parathyroid hormone identifies novel loci in Alaska Native Yup’ik people

Vitamin D deficiency is a well-documented public health issue with both genetic and environmental determinants. Populations living at far northern latitudes are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency and its health sequelae, although consumption of traditional native dietary pattern rich in fish and marine mammals may buffer the effects of reduced sunlight exposure. To date, few studies have investigated the genetics of vitamin D metabolism in circumpolar populations or considered genediet interactions with fish and n-3 fatty acid intake. We searched for genomic regions exhibiting linkage and association with circulating levels of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in 982 Yup’ik individuals from the Center for Alaska Native Health Research Study. We also investigated potential interactions between genetic variants and a biomarker of traditional dietary intake, the δ15N value. We identified several novel regions linked with circulating vitamin D and PTH as well as replicated a previous linkage finding on 2p16.2 for vitamin D. Bioinformatic analysis revealed multiple candidate genes for both PTH and vitamin D, including CUBN, MGAT3, and NFKBIA. Targeted association analysis identified NEBL as a candidate gene for vitamin D and FNDC3B for PTH. We observed significant associations between a variant in MXD1 and vitamin D only when an interaction with the δ15N value was included. Finally, we integrated pathway level information to illustrate the biological validity of the proposed candidate genes. We provide evidence of linkage between several biologically plausible genomic regions and vitamin D metabolism in a circumpolar population. Additionally, these findings suggest that a traditional dietary pattern may modulate genetic effects on circulating vitamin D.
Thyroid Hormone and the Mammalian Auditory System

Thyroid hormone serves a key role in the development of the mammalian auditory system. Certain thyroid disorders in humans, such as those arising from iodine deficiency or mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor β (THRB) gene, are associated with hearing loss. Genetic analyses in rodent models of thyroid hormone receptors and other factors that mediate the tissue response to thyroid hormone have yielded insights into the underlying cellular mechanisms of action. The cochlea is a major site of action of thyroid hormone during later phases of development when cell types acquire their final form and the physiological properties that allow the onset of hearing. Other sites of action include the middle ear and central auditory pathways. Thyroid hormone coordinates tissue remodeling and late stage differentiation of diverse cell types as the auditory system attains functional status.
Evaluation of Porous Silicon Oxide on Silicon Microcantilevers for Sensitive Detection of Gaseous HF

Sensitive detection of harmful chemicals in industrial applications is pertinent to safety. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a sensitive silicon microcantilever (MC) system with a porous silicon oxide layer deposited on the active side of the MCs that have been mechanically manipulated to increase sensitivity. Included is the evaluation of porous silicon oxide present on different geometries of MCs and exposed to varying concentrations of hydrogen fluoride in humid air. Profilometry and the signal generated by the stress-induced porous silicon oxide (PSO) coating and bending of the MC were used as methods of evaluation.
Police shootings, civic unrest and student achievement: Evidence from Ferguson

We document externalities of the police shooting of an unarmed black teenager and the resultant civic unrest experienced in Ferguson, MO. Difference-in-differences estimates compare Ferguson-area schools to neighboring schools in the greater St. Louis area and find that the unrest led to statistically significant, arguably causal declines in elementary school students’ math and reading achievement. Attendance is one mechanism through which this effect operated, as chronic absence increased by 5% in Ferguson-area schools. Impacts were concentrated in the bottom of the achievement distribution and spilled over into majority black schools throughout the greater St. Louis area.
Patterns of Maladjustment among the Behaviorally Disordered. II: Boys Aged 6-11, Boys Aged 12-18, Girls Aged 6-11, and Girls Aged 12-18.

Teacher-completed Behavior Problem Checklists on behaviorally disordered younger and older boys and younger and older girls were factor analyzed. Results replicated in part prior research with beha...
Infernal Fraternity; or, Alienated Readers in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

This chapter illuminates Mary Shelley’s critique of fraternal friendship in Frankenstein. The novel portrays this idealized sensible male friendship arising from the friend/enemy binary and an anti-mediational logic, which positions the creature and Walton’s sister Margaret as alienated “readers” of male narrative. Yet, by allowing the creature to have the last word, Shelley transforms the elegiac patterns of friendship by placing the enemy in the traditional site of narrative mediation and cultural memory. The novel makes textual mediation into an ethics of difference, distance, and delay by correlating the creature as alienated reader with female characters excluded from the fraternal face-to-face ideal of male friendship.
The Troubled Success of Black Women in STEM

We examine the experiences of 3 high-achieving Black undergraduate and graduate women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Our findings reveal that structural racism, sexism...
A Simulation Exercise to Raise Learners' Awareness of the Physical and Cognitive Changes in Older Adults.

The growing number of older adults with cognitive impairment is increasing the need for healthcare services. However, there is a great shortage of geriatric trained primary care providers and psychiatrists. A positive attitude towards people with cognitive impairment is associated with better quality of life among residents of long-term care settings. This led us to develop a simulation exercise to raise learners’ awareness of, and attentiveness to, physical and cognitive changes experienced by the aging population. Fifty-one learners rotating through Psychiatry at the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center received the 10-min training over 1 year. The Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire was used to measure attitudes towards older persons with cognitive impairment. Pre- and postsimulation data subscores for the Hope, Person-centered, and total score were calculated, and a paired sample t test was conducted. Results of the questionnaire showed statistically significant improvement in the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire scores among participants after they completed the simulation exercise, indicating an increase in positive attitudes. The mean difference in the total score of the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire was 3.22, with a 95% CI of 1.67 to 4.74, t = 4.20, df (47), p < .000, r = .64, and a medium effect size of d = .61. On the basis of these findings, the simulation exercise can be used for improving learners’ attitudes towards those with cognitive impairment.
C3a Enhances the Formation of Intestinal Organoids through C3aR1.

C3a is important in the regulation of the immune response as well as in the development of organ inflammation and injury. Further, C3a contributes to liver regeneration but its role in intestinal stem cell function has not been studied. We hypothesized that C3a is important for intestinal repair and regeneration. Intestinal organoid formation, a measure of stem cell capacity, was significantly limited in C3-deficient and C3a receptor (C3aR) 1-deficient mice while C3a promoted the growth of organoids from normal mice by supporting Wnt-signaling but not from C3aR1-deficient mice. Similarly, the presence of C3a in media enhanced the expression of the intestinal stem cell marker Lgr5 and of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 in organoids formed from C3-deficient but not from C3aR1-deficient mice. Using Lgr5.egfp mice we showed significant expression of C3 in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells whereas C3aR1 was expressed on the surface of various intestinal cells. C3 and C3aR1 expression was induced in intestinal crypts in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Finally, C3aR1-deficient mice displayed ischemia/reperfusion injury comparable to control mice. These data suggest that C3a through interaction with C3aR1 enhances stem cell expansion and organoid formation and as such may have a role in intestinal regeneration.
Evaluating Drinking Water Treatment Waste as a Low-Cost Cement Replacement Possessing Internal Curing Properties

With increasing attention to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the cement and construction industry have been exploring every opportunity to reduce embodied energy and carbon footprint. Concrete currently incorporates many recycled industrial byproducts such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, which helps reduce the quantity of landfilled materials while reducing CO2. The large volume of drinking water treatment waste (DWTW) generated by all metropolitan cities has motivated many to investigate possible beneficial utilization. Despite the high purity of DWTW, high moisture content and the associated high energy required to dry the material into a readily usable form have prevented beneficial usage from moving forward in any significant capacity. This research evaluates the use of landfilled material in the as-received, moist condition as a cement replacement powder with internal curing properties. The results show that for a high cementitious mix, where internal curing would be recommended to achieve maximum hydration, up to 10 % replacement with DWTW provides equivalent strength and heat of hydration without negatively impacting setting time.
2-D cross slotted W-band waveguides array

This paper discusses the design of an 8×16 cross slotted rectangular waveguide array. The array produces a gain of 25 dB at 86 GHz. Great isolation is achieved between the Left Hand Circularly Polarized (LHCP) and Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) patterns over the entire Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW). Feeding the array at different ports enables both LHCP and RHCP radiation patterns. The array can be proposed for space communication in addition to its ability to be deployed into terrestrial communication systems.
Rapid-Acting Antidepressants: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions

Ketamine produces rapid (within hours) antidepressant actions, even in patients considered treatment resistant, and even shows promise for suicidal ideation. Here, we review current research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ketamine and other novel rapid-acting antidepressants, and briefly explore gender differences in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, increases BDNF release and synaptic connectivity, opposing the deficits caused by chronic stress and depression. Efforts are focused on the development of novel rapid agents that produce similar synaptic and rapid antidepressant actions, but without the side effects of ketamine. The impact of gender on the response to ketamine and other rapid-acting antidepressants is in early stages of investigation. The discovery that ketamine produces rapid therapeutic actions for depression and suicidal ideation represents a major breakthrough and much needed alternative to currently available medications. However, novel fast acting agents with fewer side effects are needed, as well as elucidation of the efficacy of these rapid-acting antidepressants for depression in women.
Facial Emotion Recognition: A Survey and Real-World User Experiences in Mixed Reality.

Extensive possibilities of applications have made emotion recognition ineluctable and challenging in the field of computer science. The use of non-verbal cues such as gestures, body movement, and facial expressions convey the feeling and the feedback to the user. This discipline of Human–Computer Interaction places reliance on the algorithmic robustness and the sensitivity of the sensor to ameliorate the recognition. Sensors play a significant role in accurate detection by providing a very high-quality input, hence increasing the efficiency and the reliability of the system. Automatic recognition of human emotions would help in teaching social intelligence in the machines. This paper presents a brief study of the various approaches and the techniques of emotion recognition. The survey covers a succinct review of the databases that are considered as data sets for algorithms detecting the emotions by facial expressions. Later, mixed reality device Microsoft HoloLens (MHL) is introduced for observing emotion recognition in Augmented Reality (AR). A brief introduction of its sensors, their application in emotion recognition and some preliminary results of emotion recognition using MHL are presented. The paper then concludes by comparing results of emotion recognition by the MHL and a regular webcam.
Locality analysis through static parallel sampling

Locality analysis is important since accessing memory is much slower than computing. Compile-time locality analysis can provide detailed program-level feedback for compilers or runtime systems faster than trace-based locality analysis. In this paper, we describe a new approach to locality analysis based on static parallel sampling. A compiler analyzes loop-based code and generates sampler code which is run to measure locality. Our approach can predict precise cache line granularity miss ratio curves for complex loops with non-linear array references and even branches. The precision and overhead of static sampling are evaluated using PolyBench and a bit-reversal loop. Our result shows that by randomly sampling 2% of loop iterations, a compiler can construct almost exact miss ratio curves as trace based analysis. Sampling 0.5% and 1% iterations can achieve good precision and efficiency with an average 0.6% to 1% the time of tracing respectively. Our analysis can also be parallelized. The analysis may assist program optimization techniques such as tiling, program co-location, cache hint selection and help to analyze write locality and parallel locality.
Meconium Plug Syndrome and Meconium Ileus

Meconium plug syndrome, meconium ileus, and meconium ileus equivalent are conditions of gastrointestinal tract obstruction by thickened contents which will not pass.
Influence of Founder Population Size, Propagule Stages, and Life History on the Survival of Reintroduced Plant Populations

The reintroduction of rare and endangered species is now widely practiced as a conservation tool to reestablish species within their historic range (Guerrant and Kaye 2007; Seddon et al. 2007; Menges 2008). The fundamental goal of a plant reintroduction is to create a self-sustaining population with evolutionary potential that can resist ecological perturbations (Maunder 1992; Guerrant 1996a). Reintroduction practitioners face many challenges and complex choices, many of which have been formulated into generic guidelines for reintroducing a species (Akeroyd and Wyse-Jackson 1995; Falk et al. 1996; Kaye 2008). After choosing reintroduction sites based on biological, logistical, and historical attributes (Fiedler and Laven 1996; Maschinski et al. [chap. 7], this volume), reintroduction practitioners must decide how many individuals to introduce, which propagule stage to introduce, and what follow-up management treatments and aftercare are necessary to ensure that a population survives and reaches critical demographic benchmarks, including sexual reproduction and recruitment of the next generation (Pavlik 1996; Menges 2008). To complicate matters, reintroduction practitioners must balance tradeoffs between the availability of propagules, which are often limited with rare and endangered plants, and population dynamic theory, which predicts that the initial size and composition of the founding population are important determinants in the survival of reintroduced populations (Guerrant 1996a; Kirchner et al. 2006; Maschinski 2006; Armstrong and Seddon 2007). Consequently, a major question in the field of reintroduction biology is whether the persistence of a reintroduced population is affected by the size of the founding population and by the developmental stage of the propagules (Guerrant 1996a; Maschinski 2006; Armstrong and Seddon 2007).
Relations between the dynamical properties of single cells and their networks in piriform (olfactory) cortex

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relations between the dynamical properties of single neurons and their networks in piriform cortex. To understand the functional organization of single cells, it is necessary to consider their structure in the context of the network in which they are embedded. Large-scale simulation results suggest that cerebral cortical networks may be arranged to assure that the synaptic influences on pyramidal cells are timed to occur in regular and repeatable spatial/temporal patterns. Pyramidal cell dendrites span all cortical layers in all regions of cerebral cortex. The dependence of cortical processing on the properties of this dendrite may provide an explanation for the relative lack of interspecies variation in cortical thickness while the horizontal extent of cortex varies by five orders of magnitude. System level oscillations pattern and associative memory capability emerge as combinations of network and cellular properties, including the structure and synaptic locations on pyramidal neurons.
The Geometries of Triangular Magnetic Lattices

A survey of the crystal structures of materials that are currently being studied in the context of geometric magnetic frustration in triangular lattices is presented, based on a purely geometrical picture of their magnetic lattices. Two-dimensional materials are first described, followed by three dimensional materials of increasing structural complexity. When known, both transition metal and rare earth based examples within a lattice type are noted. The ideal cases are described, as well as the geometries that are found in some materials for which ideal triangular symmetry is broken in different ways. A brief description of materials preparation and crystal growth is also presented.
Postoperative cavity stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases

During the past decade, tumor bed stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) after surgical resection has been increasingly utilized in the management of brain metastases. SRS has risen as an alternative to adjuvant whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), which has been shown in several studies to be associated with increased neurotoxicity. Multiple recent articles have shown favorable local control rates compared to those of WBRT. Specifically, improvements in local control can be achieved by adding a 2 mm margin around the resection cavity. Risk factors that have been established as increasing the risk of local recurrence after resection include: subtotal resection, larger treatment volume, lower margin dose, and a long delay between surgery and SRS (>3 weeks). Moreover, consensus among experts in the field have established the importance of (a) fusion of the pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging scan to aid in volume delineation (b) contouring the entire surgical tract and (c) expanding the target to include possible microscopic disease that may extend to meningeal or venous sinus territory. These strategies can minimize the risks of symptomatic radiation-induced injury and leptomeningeal dissemination after postoperative SRS. Emerging data has arisen suggesting that multifraction postoperative SRS, or alternatively, preoperative SRS could provide decreased rates of radiation necrosis and leptomeningeal disease. Future prospective randomized clinical trials comparing outcomes between these techniques are necessary in order to improve outcomes in these patients.
Transdisciplinary Strategies for Physician Wellness: Qualitative Insights from Diverse Fields

While barriers to physician wellness have been well detailed, concrete solutions are lacking. We looked to professionals across diverse fields whose work requires engagement and interpersonal connection with clients. The goal was to identify effective strategies from non-medical fields that could be applied to preserve physician wellness. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 professionals outside the field of clinical medicine whose work involves fostering effective connections with individuals. Professionals from diverse professions, including the protective services (e.g., police officer, firefighter), business/finance (e.g., restaurateur, salesperson), management (e.g., CEO, school principal), education, art/design/entertainment (e.g., professional musician, documentary filmmaker), community/social services (e.g., social worker, chaplain), and personal care/services (e.g., massage therapist, yoga instructor). Interviews covered strategies that professionals use to initiate and maintain relationships, practices that cultivate professional fulfillment and preserve wellness, and techniques that facilitate emotional presence during interactions. Data were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Professionals identified self-care strategies at both institutional and individual levels that support wellness. Institutional-level strategies include scheduling that allows for self-care, protected time to connect with colleagues, and leadership support for debriefing after traumatic events. Individual strategies include emotionally protective distancing techniques and engagement in a bidirectional exchange that is central to interpersonal connection and professional fulfillment. In this exploratory study, the purposive sampling technique and single representative per occupation could limit the generalizability of findings. Across diverse fields, professionals employ common institutional and personal wellness strategies that facilitate meaningful engagement, support collegiality, and encourage processing after intense events. The transdisciplinary nature of these wellness strategies highlights universal underpinnings that support wellbeing in those engaging in people-oriented professions.
Story-Based Context and Control for Robotic and Human Interactive Motion

This extended abstract outlines the research plans and previous work of a first year PhD student applying to the Creativity and Cognition Graduate Student Symposium. The applicant's research interest is in designing and implementing motion-based interactions with robots, where the study participant is primed for the interactions through various narratives. Past work is described as well as an outline for future progress. The applicant is particularly interested in generating expressive motion for robots originating with human movers, captured by sensors and video.
Spousal influence and assortative mating on time preferences: a field experiment in the USA

Households make economic tradeoffs over time. We seek to understand how a spouse’s individual time preference influences joint household decisions. We conduct a field experiment with 94 pairs of couples in the United States. Each subject makes a series of choices between payoffs received at two different times for oneself and then jointly with their spouse as a household. Results from our sample indicate that husbands do not have more influence than their wives do on the joint decision. This finding differs from previous conclusions drawn from data collected in developing countries. We further find that differences in education, age, and earned income do not provide spouses with additional bargaining power. However, the relative power shifts based on individual preferences related to patience, savings, risk tolerance, and which spouse controls the household income. Lastly, our data supports assortative mating based on time preferences, but we do not find evidence supportive of spousal socialization, spousal selection, or changing matching patterns on time preferences.
Money and modernism: The rise of a theme in early 20th-century Italy:

The primary purpose of this article is to examine how the theme of money developed in the work of the key early 20th-century Italian modernist writers Giovanni Papini, Aldo Palazzeschi, Giovanni Bo...
Understanding and supporting individuals experiencing severely constraining situational impairments

A special strain of situational impairment, termed “Severely Constraining Situational Impairments” (SCSI), was explored from a novel qualitative perspective. When a severely impairing event presents, the multitude and complexity of ambient agents are often overwhelming, leading to the inability to devise a solution. To classify and help design for them, interviews and participatory design-based workshops were conducted, revealing that (1) participants attempt to complete mobile transactions, even if it might place them in considerable danger, and (2) significant differences exist in the modalities and steps used to address the onset of a severely impairing event versus those of a non-severe situational impairment. Design solutions generated from the workshops indicated that users want technology to take a larger role in helping manage the added cognitive load inherent in severely impairing events. The revealed implications for design indicate that to maximize the user experience in the mobile device transaction space, designers must account for the presence of these SCSI and the unique design specifications that they require.
Parallel embeddings: a visualization technique for contrasting learned representations

We introduce "Parallel Embeddings", a new technique that generalizes the classical Parallel Coordinates visualization technique to sequences of learned representations. This visualization technique is designed for concept-oriented "model comparison" tasks, allowing data scientists to understand qualitative differences in how models interpret input data. We compare user performance with our tool against Tensor Board Embedding Projector for understanding model accuracy and qualitative model differences. With our tool, users were more accurate and learned strategies for the tasks more quickly. Furthermore, users' analytical process in the comparison condition was positively influenced by using our tool beforehand.
“Anything Can Happen at Any Time”: Perceived Causes of Correctional Officer Injuries:

Prior research finds that correctional officers (COs) often report high levels of stress, poor mental and physical health and are at an increased risk of suffering work-related injuries. However, l...