cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Effects of Fatty Acid and its Derivatives on L-Glutamin Acid Fermentation:Part III. Biotin-Tween 60 Relationship in the Accumu-lation of L-Glutamin Acid and the Growth of Brevibacterium lactofermentum

Tween 60 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate) has been found to be the most effective derivative of fatty acid in accumulating l-glutamic acid in biotin-sufficient medium. The effect was exceedingly subject to the influence of the addition time of the ester, and this was observed also on the growth curve of Brev. lactofermentum. Changes of the growth curve caused by the varied addition time of the ester corresponded to those by the concentration of biotin in the medium that did not contain Tween 60. The patterns of fermentation course in the two corresponding conditions, such as biotin 3 μg/l and biotin 20 μg/l-Tween 60 mg/ml, agreed closely with each other. It seemed that identical cells were grown on the conditions. The only difference between the cells was observed as to the contents of intracellular biotin. Although l-glutamic acid was not accumulated by biotin-sufficient cells, cells with sufficient biotin and capable of accumulating l-glutamic acid were obtained in the presence of Tween 60, in wh...
Enhanced Power System Security Assessment Through Intelligent Decision Trees

Power system security assessment involves ascertaining the post-contingency security status based on the pre-contingency operating conditions. A system operator accomplishes this by the knowledge of critical system attributes which are closely tied to the system security limits. For instance, voltage levels, reactive power reserves, reactive power flows are some of the attributes that drive the voltage stability phenomena, and hence provide easy guidelines for the operators to monitor and maneuver the highly stressed power system to a secure state. With tremendous advancements in computational power and machine learning techniques, there is increased ability to produce security guidelines that are highly accurate and robust under a wide variety of system conditions. Particularly, the decision trees, a data mining tool, has lend itself well in extracting highly useful and succinct knowledge from a very large repository of historical information. The most vital and sensitive part of such a decision tree based security assessment is the stage of training database generation, a computationally intensive process which involves sampling many system operating conditions and performing power system contingency assessment simulations on them. The classification performance of operating guidelines under realistic testing scenarios depend heavily on the quality of the training database used to generate the decision trees. So the primary objective of this chapter is to develop an improvised database generation process that creates a satisfactory training database by sampling the most influential operating conditions from the input operating parameter state space prior to the stage of power system contingency simulation. Embedding such intelligence to the system scenario sampling process enhances the information content in the training database, while minimizing the computing requirements to generate it. This chapter will clearly explain and demonstrate the process of identifying such high information contained sampling space and the advantage of deriving security guidelines from decision trees that exclusively use such an enhanced training database.
Benchmarking of Computational Models against Experimental Data for Velocity Profile Effects on CFD Analysis of Adiabatic Film-Cooling Effectiveness for Large Spacing Compound Angle Full Coverage Film Cooling Arrays

This study aims to benchmark experimental data that tested the effects of blowing ratio, surface angle, and hole spacing for full coverage geometries composed of cylindrical staggered holes at a compounded angle of 45 degrees. These holes had an inclination angle of 45 degrees, while maintaining a lateral and axial spacing of 14.5 hole diameters. Within this study, the local film cooling effectiveness was obtained from 30 rows for the 14.5 diameter spacing. The goal of this research was to test the effects of utilizing a realistic vs a uniform velocity profile at the crossflow inlet and find any significant differences in the results produced when compared to experimental data. The results displayed differences between the spanwise average adiabatic effectiveness for both the uniform velocity profile case and the velocity profile replication of the experimental data when using the Realizable k-e turbulence model. These differences were found to be due to the differences in the thermal boundary layer predicted by the turbulence model for the two test cases.
'If He Wins, I’m Moving to Canada”: Ideological Migration Threats Following the 2012 US Presidential Election

Every four years, partisan Americans threaten to migrate to Canada (or some other country) if their preferred candidate loses the Presidential election. This phenomenon has yet to undergo an empirical test. In the present experiment, 308 Obama voters and 142 Romney voters following the 2012 election responded to one of two writing prompts that led them to think about how the US was becoming more liberal or conservative. Regardless of the writing prompt condition, Romney voters endorsed migration expressions more than Obama voters. Furthermore, Romney voters, compared to Obama voters, expressed a reduced sense of belonging in the US. The relationship between voting for Romney and migration expressions was fully mediated by sense of belonging. Together, these findings support the ideological migration hypothesis and suggest that threatening to move to Canada following an undesirable election outcome may be driven by voters’ belonging needs.
The structure of subtilopeptidase A: I. X-ray crystallographic data

Crystals of subtilopeptidase A have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction. They are orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 76 73 A, b = 55.35 Aand c = 53.00 A. There is one molecule per asymmetric unit and the solvent content is 42%. The crystals diffract very well and appear suitable for detailed study of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme.
Cooperative distributed scheduling for storage devices in microgrids using dynamic KKT multipliers and consensus networks

Scheduling of storage devices in microgrids with multiple renewable energy resources is crucial for their optimal and reliable operation. With proper scheduling, the storage devices can capture the energy when the renewable generation is high and utility energy price is low, and release it when the demand is high or utility energy price is expensive. This scheduling is a multi-step optimization problem where different time-steps are dependent on each other. Conventionally, this problem is solved centrally. The central controller should have access to the real-time states of the system as well as the predicted load and renewable generation information. It should also have the capability to send dispatch commands to each storage device. However, as the number of devices increases, the centralized approach would not be scalable and will be vulnerable to single point of failure. Combining the idea of dynamic KKT multipliers with consensus networks, this paper introduces a novel algorithm that can optimally schedule the storage devices in a microgrid solely through peer-to-peer coordination of devices with their neighbors without using a central controller.
Ethical Use of Animals

Based on old nursery rhymes, which are still in vogue, it is apparent that children from an early age receive ambivalent messages concerning relationships with animals. It is also apparent that we as a society have placed a hierarchical structure on animals; it is clear that we value a dog or a cat more than a mouse or a rat. Enormous strides in the prevention and treatment of disease have been made directly or indirectly as a result of experiments carried out on animals. Persons who conduct investigations using animals have an obligation to ensure that valid scientific questions are being explored, and that the minimum numbers of animals are used compatible with achieving a valid scientific result. Animals must always be cared for properly. Research involving induction of pain must receive particular attention. Finally, it is incumbent upon all scientists who use animals in their investigations to ensure that the public is kept fully informed of all scientific advances made by the use of animals.
Lyapunov analysis of finite-time differential equations

Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of Lyapunov functions are derived for the finite-time stability of equilibria of systems of differential equations with continuous but non-Lipschitzian right hand sides.
Using CT-Analyst as an integrated tool for CBR analysis

Modern information systems that are designed to plan for and respond to Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) attacks are now attempting to include airborne contaminant plume models in their application package. These plume models are a necessary component for the emergency personnel responding to an actual event and to those charged with developing an effective response plan in advance. The capabilities to create a variety of CBR-event scenarios quickly, to determine possible contaminant agent release locations from reports and sensor data, and to predict the path of a plume before it gets there, are functions that many involved in the military and homeland security will find beneficial. For this reason CT-Analyst's ability to generate accurate, time-dependant plumes that can be rendered much faster than real-time and can be adjusted and modified on the screen, is an incredible asset to developers of these civil defense systems. The value of the fast, accurate CT-Analyst computer models for complex urban terrain is greatly increased when the capabilities can be imported into platforms users and developers are already taking advantage of. CT-Analyst's strengths can now be accessed through other applications, GIS tools, and development environments. This process will be described to show how this is possible, to which systems it can be applied, and what benefits can result.
Prevention, Early Detection, and Management of Complications After 328 Consecutive Extrapleural Pneumonectomies

Abstract Objective Extrapleural pneumonectomy for therapy of mesothelioma has been associated with significant perioperative mortality and morbidity. Postoperative complications of this procedure require a unique management approach. We developed treatment algorithms for most of the common complications of extrapleural pneumonectomy resulting in reduced mortality and hospital stay. Complications after extrapleural pneumonectomy were further analyzed to elucidate means of prevention, early detection, and treatment. Methods A total of 496 patients undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy were reviewed for mortality rates, with a subset of 328 consecutive patients between 1980 and 2000 who were examined for detailed morbidity data by using a prospective clinical database. Results Median age was 58 years (range, 28-77 years), with a 10-day (range, 4-101 days) median length of stay. One hundred ninety-eight (60.4%) of 328 patients experienced minor and major complications, and 11 of 328 patients died, for an overall mortality rate of 3.4%. Complications included the following: atrial fibrillation (145 [44.2%]), prolonged intubation (26 [7.9%]), vocal cord paralysis (22 [6.7%]), deep vein thrombosis (21 [6.4%]), technical complications (patch dehiscence, hemorrhage, or both; 20 [6.1%]), tamponade (12 [3.6%]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [3.6%]), cardiac arrest (10 [3%]), constrictive physiology (9 [2.7%]), aspiration (9 [2.7%]), renal failure (9 [2.7%]), empyema (8 [2.4%]), tracheostomy (6 [1.8%]), myocardial infarction (5 [1.5%]), pulmonary embolus (5 [1.5%]), and bronchopleural fistula (2 [0.6%]). Clinical data demonstrated the following: (1) prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation is recommended; (2) early ambulation, aspiration precautions, endoscopic assessment of the vocal cords, and avoidance of fluid overload are crucial; (3) perioperative diagnosis and aggressive management of deep vein thrombosis are important; (4) immediate reoperation and open cardiac massage are essential for relief of cardiac herniation and tamponade from cardiac patch dysfunction; (5) diaphragmatic patch dehiscence, hemorrhage, or both require immediate reoperation; (6) early signs of infection might indicate bronchopleural fistula or empyema and should be treated with thoracoscopic or open drainage and staged removal of patch material; and (7) excessive perioperative mediastinal shift is treated with a catheter placed intraoperatively. Conclusion Complications after extrapleural pneumonectomy require a unique approach to management, and mortality can be minimized by early detection and aggressive treatment.
Prisoners with a profession: Earning graduate degrees behind bars

In June 1984 the State University of New York (SUNY), College at New Paltz, initiated a master's degree program in sociology for some New York State maximum-security prisoners. The program envisioned furthering educational opportunities for incarcerated men who had completed their undergraduate degrees, as well as expanding opportunities for educating minority men. The accomplishments of the graduate program include conference presentations, journal publications, development of prison programs, formation of a College Library and Research Center, and postrelease success for various graduates. The program contributes to the academic community, the prison, the prisoners, and society itself.
Mini-incision Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Posterior Approach

To improve patients' outcomes and shorten the hospital stay, surgeons throughout the world have explored the option of mini-invasive total hip arthroplasty. Exciting initial reports caught media attention, and today most patients expect mini-incision total hip replacement to reduce complication rate, accelerate rehabilitation, and provide a more attractive appearance. However, recent reports have highlighted that a shorter incision can increase the risk of perioperative complication. At the same time, studies show no difference in early rehabilitation and hospital stay between patients undergoing mini-incision and standard incision total hip arthroplasty. Although there is no question that recent advances in mini-incision total hip arthroplasty have led to significant improvements in perioperative care (preoperative patient education, anesthesia management, and postoperative rehabilitation protocols) a shorter incision might offer few clinical benefits besides a more attractive scar. The current article describes the technique of posterolateral mini-incision total hip arthroplasty and provides a review of the current literature.
Report of the Thirteenth Midwinter Conference of Immunologists January 1974

Abstract A report of the Thirteenth Midwinter Conference of Immunologists, based on abstracts of the speakers, is presented. The conference was held January 19–22, 1974 at Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California. The theme was T-cell function and the following aspects of T cells were considered in five half-day sessions: heterogeneity of T cells, interactions of T cells with T or B cells or with macrophages, triggering of T cells, cytotoxicity of T cells, and regulation by T cells. Six workshops held concurrently one afternoon complemented the selected topics of the conference and allowed participants to present data in an informal manner.
A delayed sprouting response to partial hippocampal deafferentation: time course of sympathetic ingrowth following fimbrial lesions.

Abstract Sympathetic, noradrenalin-containing fibers grow into the hippocampal formation following lesions of the medial septum or fimbria/fornix. Fluorescent histochemical analysis reveals that these fibers begin to arise as collateral sprouts of the normal sympathetic innervation of the internal and external transverse hippocampal arteries at 9 days post-lesion. These initial fibers are oriented orthogonally to the septotemporal axis of the hippocampal formation. They grow towards the granule cells of the fascia dentata and the CA3 pyramidal cells, where they begin to proliferate at 14 days post-lesion. This process continues until 29 days, resulting in a final distribution of fibers in areas of septal deafferentation: stratum lucidum, the inner one-third of stratum oriens and stratum pyramidale of CA3; and the hilus, the inner one-third of stratum moleculare and stratum granulosum of the fascia dentata. The time course of this sprouting response is relatively late in onset and slow in completion when compared to sprouting responses of intrinsic afferent systems of the hippocampal formation following entorhinal cortical or commissural deafferentation.
Small-molecule-modified surfaces engage cells through the αvβ3 integrin.

Integrins play myriad and vital roles in development and disease. They connect a cell with its surroundings and transmit chemical and mechanical signals across the plasma membrane to the cell’s interior. Dissecting their roles in cell behavior is complicated by their overlapping ligand specificity and shared downstream signaling components. In principle, immobilized synthetic peptides can mimic extracellular matrix proteins by supporting integrin-mediated adhesion, but most short peptide sequences lack selectivity for one integrin over others. In contrast, synthetic integrin antagonists can be highly selective. We hypothesized that this selectivity could be exploited if antagonists, when immobilized, could support cellular adhesion and activate signaling by engaging specific cell-surface integrins. To investigate this possibility, we designed a bifunctional (RGD)-based peptidomimetic for surface presentation. Our conjugate combines a high affinity integrin ligand with a biotin moiety; the former engages t...
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of antidepressant augementation with mirtazapine

Abstract Background: A previous pilot study of open-label mirtazapine augmentation conducted by the authors in 20 depressed patients yielded a 55% response rate at week 4. A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken to further elucidate the efficacy of this intervention. Methods: 26 adult outpatients with persistent major depression despite adequate antidepressant monotherapy were randomized to receive 4 weeks of mirtazapine or placebo augmentation. Mirtazapine was begun at 15 mg at bedtime, with possible titration to 30 mg at bedtime per physician’s discretion after week 1. Results: Categorical positive response rate at end point was 64% for active drug and 20% for placebo. Remission rates were 45.4% and 13.3% for active drug and placebo groups, respectively, Mirtazapine demonstrated statistically significant superiority to placebo on most major outcome measures, and was associated with improvement in overall functioning and quality of life. There were no significant group differences with regard to emergent side effects, weight change, or serum concentrations of primary antidepressants. Conclusions: Mirtazapine appears safe and effective for short-term antidepressant augmentation.
Energies of quark-antiquark systems, the Cornell potential, and the spinless Salpeter equation.

Energy eigenvalues for heavy-quarkonium and heavy-light systems are determined from the spinless Salpeter equation for the Cornell potential. These are calculated by diagonalizing the matrix representation of the Hamiltonian operator in a basis set constructed from the products of centrifugal barrier factors, Laguerre polynomials, and a common exponential. The Salpeter eigenvalues are compared with eigenvalues obtained from Schroedinger's equation and with spin-averaged experimental results. We present analytic expressions for the matrix elements of both the Coulomb and linear parts of the Cornell potential. We also present analytic results for the matrix elements of the Schroedinger kinetic energy operator. Thus, the Schroedinger problem can also be treated as a matrix diagonalization problem. The relativistic kinetic energy operator is evaluated in momentum space. New expressions are derived for the Fourier transforms of the [ital S]- and [ital P]-state radial functions. We find that the measured energies of the heavy-quark systems are better fit by Salpeter's equation than by Schroedinger's, in agreement with an earlier calculation of Jacobs, Olsson, and Suchyta. We also find this to be true for [ital B]-flavor and charmed mesons.
Shared decision-making in home-care from the nurse's perspective: sitting at the kitchen table--a qualitative descriptive study.

Aims and objectives To come to know, understand and describe the experience of shared decision-making in home-care from the nurse's perspective. Background The literature presents the concept of shared decision-making as a complex process characterised by a partnership between the healthcare provider and the patient, which is participatory and action oriented with education and negotiation leading to agreement. Few studies have been carried out to explore and describe the events that make up the experiences of shared decision-making in home-care from the nurse's perspective. Design A qualitative descriptive study was implemented. Method Semi structured interviews were performed with 10 home-care nurses who were asked to reflect on a time in their practice when they were involved in a shared decision-making process with their patient. All data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. Findings The following Themes were uncovered: Begin where the patient is; Education for shared decision-making; The village and shared decision-making; and Whose decision is it? Each of the four Themes contained Subthemes. Conclusions The findings of this study present shared decision-making as a complex, multidimensional and fluid process. A thorough understanding of shared decision-making is essential within the multiple contexts in which care is delivered. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses in clinical practice need to know and understand the events of the experience of shared decision-making. A more comprehensive understanding of these facts can assist home-care nurses in their practice with regard to the application of shared decision-making.
Reconstitution of Highly Expressed Human Heart Muscle Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I

Abstract The human heart muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (M-CPTI) gene was expressed at high levels from a strain of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris containing ∼24 copies of the expression vector. Levels of M-CPTI were more than ten-fold higher than previously reported by our group with a single-copy strain ( Arch. Biochem. Biophys., in press) and were sufficient to perform reconstitution studies on the membrane protein, a key step in purification and structural analysis of the enzyme. Solubilization of yeast mitochondria containing M-CPTI in 5% Triton X-100 abolished M-CPTI activity. The detergent-inactivated M-CPTI was then reconstituted by removal of the detergent in the presence of phospholipids. The reconstituted proteoliposomes exhibited M-CPTI activity of 2.4 nmol palmitoylcarnitine formed/mg protein/min, a recovery of 23% of the activity present in the starting mitochondrial preparation. The malonyl-CoA sensitivity of the reconstituted reactivated M-CPTI was 88%. This is the first demonstration of direct reactivation of malonyl-CoA-sensitive M-CPTI activity from solubilized materials from any organism. Previously, M-CPTI was presumed to be irreversibly inactivated by detergents.
Management location service - to auto-configure network nodes with domain and manager

As the network grows fast to large scale and heterogeneity, the research on distributed network management becomes hot spot and development trend. We analysis the existing distributed network management technologies and find that they do make management model flexible and scalable. However, to deal with the configuration of so large and complex the distributed system adds much more burden to network operators and reduces the efficiency of management. One of the solutions to solve this operator-intensive problem is making the configuration of network node with domain and manager automatic in the beginning of management. Thus, we propose Management Location Service to implement the idea. Compared with the existing methods, it obviates the limitation of network division strategy and makes domain generated by both network address scope and device type.
Olfaction and vision meet in the retina.

In fish, axons that originate in the olfactory bulb innervate the retina and increase luminance sensitivity. In this issue of Neuron, Esposti et al. (2013) investigate the mechanisms underlying this interaction to report modulation of synaptic gain and sensitivity in OFF bipolar cells but rarely in ON bipolar cells.
Inflammablog: peer-to-peer online learning in immunology.

Is it possible for students in different courses, at different academic levels, and at different universities to learn immunology together using the Internet? We teach a colloquium on inflammation for undergraduates at the University of Arizona and a lecture course on human immunology for graduate students and clinical and basic science fellows at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. Students in these programs, being scattered about large campuses, have little time for student-directed discussion and peer interactions, and they never have the opportunity to meet students in the course in the other state. Instead of requiring the usual essays and term papers, we set up a blog (an online discussion group) for the two courses, and required all students to post, and comment on other posts, within and between the courses. Student writing is normally directed at a single reader, the instructor, which seems like a waste of talent; we encouraged peer exchanges. Furthermore, we were interested in observing the interactions between the Colorado students, who were older and sometimes experienced professionals, and the younger Arizonans. We used a blog because it is administratively impossible to enroll the students in two universities in a single courseware (learning management system) site. Blogging has offered insights into students’ comfort with this form of social medium, and into the potential for this approach in light of the rapid adoption of blended and massively open online courses.
Metabolic dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension: the expanding relevance of the Warburg effect

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an enigmatic vascular syndrome characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and adverse remodelling of the pulmonary arterioles and often of the right ventricle. Drawing parallels with tumourigenesis, recent endeavours have explored the relationship between metabolic dysregulation and PH pathogenesis. Design We will discuss the general mechanisms by which cellular stressors such as hypoxia and inflammation alter cellular metabolism. Based on those principles, we will explore the development of a corresponding metabolic pathophenotype in PH, with a focus on WHO Groups I and III, and the implications that these alterations may have for future treatment of this disease. Results Investigation of metabolic dysregulation in both the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle during PH pathogenesis has provided a more unifying understanding of how disparate disease triggers coordinate end-stage disease manifestations. Namely, as defined originally in various cancers, the Warburg effect describes a chronic shift in energy production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. In many cases, this Warburg phenotype may serve as a central causative mechanism for PH progression, largely driving cellular hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Consequently, new therapeutic strategies have been increasingly pursued that target the Warburg phenotype. Finally, new technologies are increasingly becoming available to probe more completely the complexities of metabolic cellular reprogramming and may reveal distinct metabolic pathways beyond the Warburg effect that drive PH. Conclusion Studies of metabolic dysregulation in PH are just emerging but may offer powerful therapeutic means to prevent or even reverse disease progression at the molecular level.
MK-0536 inhibits HIV-1 integrases resistant to raltegravir

ABSTRACT With the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of raltegravir (RAL; MK-0518; Merck & Co.), HIV-1 integrase (IN) is the newest therapeutic target for AIDS and HIV infections. Recent structural analyses show that IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) share a common binding mode in the enzyme active site. While RAL represents a therapeutic breakthrough, the emergence of IN resistance mutations imposes the development of new INSTIs. We report here the biochemical and antiviral activities of MK-0536, a new IN inhibitor. We demonstrate that, like RAL, MK-0536 is highly potent against recombinant IN and viral replication. It is also effective against INs that carry the three main RAL resistance mutations (Y143R, N155H, and to a lesser extent G140S-Q148H) and against the G118R mutant. Modeling of IN developed from recent prototype foamy virus structures is presented to account for the differences in the drug activities of MK-0536 and RAL against the IN mutants.
Cluster and Thickness Dependence of Ferromagnetism in Nickel In Situ-Doped Amorphous AlN Thin Films

We report on magneto-optical investigations of Ni-doped amorphous AlN (a-AlN) thin films. The a-AlN was grown by radiofrequency (rf) sputtering on Si (0001) substrates at low temperature and doped with Ni at fixed concentrations with different a-AlN layer thicknesses. As-grown a-AlN:Ni layers were annealed up to 900°C for 5 min and 15 min time duration in nitrogen ambient at atmospheric pressure. Each sample was characterized by the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) in both polar and longitudinal geometries. Only the 65-nm-thick a-AlN:Ni layers showed linear enhancement of magnetization after thermal treatment up to 900°C, indicating the presence of a critical a-AlN:Ni layer thickness supporting the formation of magnetic domains. No measurable MOKE signal was observed in the longitudinal geometry for any tested samples with different thicknesses. This observation confirms that the easy magnetization axis in a-AlN:Ni layers is out of plane due to the strong magnetic anisotropy observed in polar MOKE geometry. The morphology of as-grown and annealed a-AlN:Ni films was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and revealed the existence of nanoclusters. The size distribution of nanoclusters was studied as a function of annealing time and temperature, and the results correlate well with those obtained from the MOKE measurements.
Creating Gender Role Behavior: Demonstrating the Impact of Power Differentials

This demonstration draws parallels between the Zimbardo prison experiment and the impact that assignment to low and high power roles can have on the behavior of men and women. College students rated men and women on dominant and subordinate traits, watched a video of Zimbardo's (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973) prison study, then rated the prisoners and guards. This demonstration illustrates how psychologically healthy White men (typically perceived as dominants) will exhibit the same "personality characteristics" or gender role behaviors ascribed to women (typically perceived as subordinates) when placed in a subordinate role. Students reported that this demonstration gave them valuable insight into the impact of power differentials.
Within-subregion relationship between bone marrow lesions and subsequent cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis.

Objective Bone marrow lesions are believed to increase risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Whether their effect is local and whether it can be explained by other types of bone lesions concomitantly present in the same subregion is unclear. We evaluated bone lesion frequency in subregions without cartilage lesions and cartilage lesion frequency in subregions without bone lesions, and investigated the within-subregion bone marrow lesion/subsequent cartilage loss relationship after adjusting for other types of bone lesions at baseline. Methods Individuals with knee OA had magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 2 years later. Cartilage integrity and bone marrow lesions, cysts, and attrition were scored within tibiofemoral subregions. Logistic regression, with generalized estimating equations to account for correlation among multiple subregions within a knee, was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for cartilage loss associated with bone marrow lesions, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and bone attrition and cysts in the same subregion. Results Analyzing 1,953 subregions among 177 knees, 90% of subregions had no bone lesions at baseline. Only 0–3% of subregions without cartilage lesions had bone lesions in the same subregion; in contrast, 5–33% of subregions without bone lesions had cartilage lesions. Bone marrow lesions at baseline were associated with cartilage loss in the same subregion at 2 years, adjusting for other types of bone lesions at baseline (adjusted OR 3.74, 95% confidence interval 1.59–8.82). Conclusion In subjects with knee OA, bone marrow lesions were rare at early disease stages but predicted subregional cartilage loss after accounting for the presence of other types of bone lesions in the same subregion.
A Review of NUT Midline Carcinoma

Nut midline carcinomas are uncommon carcinomas characterized by chromosomal rearrangements that involve the gene encoding the nuclear protein of the testis (NUT). This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of these malignancies. Ancillary testing is discussed as well as the pathologic differential diagnosis.
The blood vessels of the regenerating limb of the adult newt, Triturus.

The vessels of the forelimb stump and regenerate were perfused with Prussian blue and studied as whole mounts and in histological sections to reveal the condition and disposition of the blood vessels in various stages of forelimb regeneration in the adult newt, Triturus viridescens. The development of the vessels in the regenerate seemed to be comparable in all its essential features to that which has been described for the normal developing limb in urodele, chick and pig embryos. The first signs of regeneration of the vessels are seen during wound healing when fine sprouts appear from the old vessels near the amputation wound. These grow and anastomose, but are limited to the transition region between old and new tissues and avoid the growing blastema during the early stages of regeneration. As the regenerate enlarges into a conical structure vessels invade the proximal part of the growth and avoid the distal regions. It is only during the stages of histogenesis and morphogenesis that vessels grow into more distal regions. The regions of most active enlargement of the early or later regenerate are those most poorly vascularized. These results are discussed against the background of the activity of certain enzymes during regeneration. In the advanced regenerate, preferential channels are consolidated until in the palette and digital stages the pattern of the blood vessels resembles that of the normal limb.
Variational solution of fractional advection dispersion equations on bounded domains in ℝd

In this article, we discuss the steady state fractional advection dispersion equation (FADE) on bounded domains in ℝd. Fractional differential and integral operators are defined and analyzed. Appropriate fractional derivative spaces are defined and shown to be equivalent to the fractional dimensional Sobolev spaces. A theoretical framework for the variational solution of the steady state FADE is presented. Existence and uniqueness results are proven, and error estimates obtained for the finite element approximation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 23: 256–281, 2007
The Influence of Surface Conditions on the Friction of Metals

The present investigation, by an improved tilt method, attempts accurately to determine the static coefficient of friction for metallic surfaces under varying surface conditions in different media. The presence and nature of oxide films materially affect the rise of the friction curve; a thin film acting as an abrasive causes the curve to rise, the rate depending on the normal force, until a layer of increased stability is reached. In terms of surface flow this indicates the formation of a vitreous layer. Thick films of certain oxides act as lubricants of great stability. Area of rubbing, shape of surfaces, and dry gases have no influence on $\ensuremath{\mu}$; moist inert gases show a capillary effect, moist active gases destroy the surfaces. $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is found to be a linear function of the number of slips of one surface over another.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF A PORCINE ADENOVIRUS.

SYNOPSIS A virus isolated from the pig and showing characteristics of an adenovirus has been examined by electron microscopy in both the purified state and in tissue culture cells. The virus is icosahedral in shape, has 252 capsomeres per capsid, and is characteristic of the adenovirus group. Examination of infected cells shows that the virus is predominantly intranuclear but virus has also been demonstrated in the cytoplasm. The cellular relationships characterise the adenovirus as more likely to be a member of the sub-group containing types 3, 4 and 7 than that containing type 5. The virus is closely associated with the chromatin of the nucleus, in which parallel densely staining fibres have been demonstrated. Other structures with a rectilinear profile have been observed which have dense cores, evidence of a helical component and loci resembling the spheroidal form of virus. The first report of the isolation from a pig of a virus resembling an adenovirus was made by Haig et al. (1946): the results of serological tests indicated that the virus possessed the adenovirus group antigen but there was no neutralisation against several of the commoner human adenoviruses; the cytopathic changes in tissue culture were of the type described for the sub-group of human adenoviruses types 3, 4 and 7. This paper records an electron-microscope study of the morphology of the virus, the changes in infected tissue-culture cells and the micro-ecology of the virus.
The effects of heckling on speaker credibility and attitude change

Traditionally, heckling has been treated as merely a form of distraction. In this study, accentuation theory was used to predict differential effects of heckling on speaker credibility and attitude change depending on whether the audience identified with the heckler or the speaker. The results indicate that when the audience identifies with the heckler, speaker credibility and attitude change are attenuated. Furthermore, when the audience identifies with the speaker, speaker credibility and attitude change are increased. These findings support the accentuation formulation of heckling.
Characterization of Cu2+ and Fe3+ -mesoporphyrin complexes with histidine-rich glycoprotein: evidence for Cu2+ -Fe3+ -mesoporphyrin interaction.

One equivalent of Fe3+ -mesoporphyrin (heme) is coordinated by two axial histidine ligands to a preferred site on histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). This study shows that titration of this stochiometric heme.HRG complex with 0-20 equivalents of Cu2+ produces a series of pronounced spectral changes indicative of multiple, sequential alterations of the heme environment. A monotonic low- to high-spin heme transition characterized by a decrease in resonance amplitude at g = 2.99, an increase at g = 6.0, and an increase in absorptivity at 620 nm is induced with the addition of the first 10 Cu2+ equivalents. Furthermore, optical absorption and circular dichroism spectra exhibit isosbestic and isodichroic points throughout the addition of the first 8 and 12 equivalents, respectively. The isosbestic points imply a transition between two optically well defined axial heme coordinations, and the isodichroic points suggest that these axial coordinations also represent two distinct protein conformations. A second isosbestic is formed during the addition of 14-20 equivalents of Cu2+, again suggesting well-defined coordinations; however, changes in the EPR spectra over this range are more complex. Whereas the amount of low-spin (g = 2.99) heme.HRG complex continues to decrease with the addition of 10-20 Cu2+ equivalents, the amount of the high-spin (g = 6.0) complex reaches a maximum near 14 equivalents and decreases markedly thereafter. Of potentially greater significance is the appearance of signals at g = 9.3 (maximum), 7.7 (maximum), 4.8 (crossover), and 1.61 (minimum) after addition of 10 or more Cu2+ equivalents. Some of these signals are similar to those exhibited by cardiac cytochrome c oxidase upon reduction and reoxidation. Thus, even without the addition of exogenous reductants and oxygen, the interaction of Cu2+ with the stoichiometric heme.HRG complex may produce structural features similar to those found in a mechanistically important but poorly understood form of cardiac cytochrome c oxidase.
Storage and verification stages in processing concepts.

Abstract A decision-tree analysis of hypothesis testing was studied in 10 experiments. College students verified concepts with different logical structures against instances. A Chronometric analysis indicated that storage and verification stages were separable. In storage, subjects represent content in an affirmative form. Negation is either transformed or used as an indicator to change a response. In verification, subjects are set to make identity matches between the coded representations of the concept and the exemplar. The coding and matching operations are serial and they are either self-terminating or exhaustive depending upon the logical structure of the concept. A general coding and matching operator model for processing successive inputs was developed. The model was generalized to the processing of positive and negative information in problem-solving and language-comprehension tasks.
The MCH Navigator: Tools for MCH Workforce Development and Lifelong Learning

Maternal and child health (MCH) leadership requires an understanding of MCH populations and systems as well as continuous pursuit of new knowledge and skills. This paper describes the development, structure, and implementation of the MCH Navigator, a web-based portal for ongoing education and training for a diverse MCH workforce. Early development of the portal focused on organizing high quality, free, web-based learning opportunities that support established learning competencies without duplicating existing resources. An academic-practice workgroup developed a conceptual model based on the MCH Leadership Competencies, the Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals, and a structured review of MCH job responsibilities. The workgroup used a multi-step process to cull the hundreds of relevant, but widely scattered, trainings and select those most valuable for the primary target audiences of state and local MCH professionals and programs. The MCH Navigator now features 248 learning opportunities, with additional tools to support their use. Formative assessment findings indicate that the portal is widely used and valued by its primary audiences, and promotes both an individual’s professional development and an organizational culture of continuous learning. Professionals in practice and academic settings are using the MCH Navigator for orientation of new staff and advisors, “just in time” training for specific job functions, creating individualized professional development plans, and supplementing course content. To achieve its intended impact and ensure the timeliness and quality of the Navigator’s content and functions, the MCH Navigator will need to be sustained through ongoing partnership with state and local MCH professionals and the MCH academic community.
Solution of a semicoercive Signorini problem by a method of iterative proximal regularization of a modified Lagrange functional

Duality methods based on classical schemes for constructing Lagrange functional are inapplicable for solving semicoercive variational inequalities in mechanics. In this paper we approximately solve a scalar semicoercive Signorini problem, using a duality method based on the iterative proximal regularization of a modified Lagrange functional. We realize the algorithm with the help of the finite element method on a sequence of domain triangulations.
Pyrazolo[3,4- b ]pyridines. I. Xanthine and isoguanine analogs derived from 1-methylpyrazolo[3,4- b ]pyridine

The synthesis of 4,6-dihydroxy-l-methylpyrazolo[3,4-b Jpyridine (2) and 4-amino-6-hydroxy-1-methylpyrazolo[3,4-b] pyridine (3) as analogs of xanthine and isoguanine has been accomplished from ethyl 5-amino-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate (4) and 5-amino-1-methylpyrazole-4-carbo-nitrile (6), respectively.
Preparation of a Lipid A Derivative That Contains a 27-Hydroxyoctacosanoic Acid Moiety

A general synthetic strategy for long-chain ω-1 hydroxy fatty acids has been developed, which employs as a key reaction step a cross metathesis between ω-unsaturated ester and 3-butene-2-ol. The resulting lipids were used for the preparation of lipid A derivatives of Rhizobium sin-1, which have the ability to inhibit the E. coli LPS-dependent synthesis of tumor necrosis factor by human monocytes.
The selective leaching of copper from a gold–copper concentrate in glycine solutions

Abstract The presence of copper minerals with gold is known to lead to many challenges during the cyanidation of gold ores, such as high consumption of cyanide with low gold extraction and undesirable impacts on gold recovery during the downstream processes. An alternative selective leaching process for copper minerals from copper–gold gravity concentrate (3.75% Cu, 11.6% Fe, 11.4%S and 0.213% Au) using alkaline glycine solutions was studied and evaluated. The lixiviant system containing glycine and peroxide showed that total copper dissolution of 98% was obtained in 48 h at ambient conditions and a pH of 10.5–11. The results show that 100% of chalcocite, cuprite, metallic copper, and about 80% of chalcopyrite in the concentrate were also dissolved. Pyrite remained intact during the leaching time and iron concentration in the final pregnant solution was found to be 12 mg/L when copper is solution is at 4745 mg/L, whilst the gold concentration was limited to 0.8 mg/L Au. QEMScan analysis indicated that unleached copper in the leach residue was mostly distributed amongst larger chalcopyrite grains and covellite. The effects of single versus two-stage leaching, pH, oxidant concentration, pulp density and glycine concentration on copper extraction rate and extent were explored.
Immunologic Regulation of E. coli K1 by Serum from Neonatal Rats is Enhanced Following Intraperitoneal Administration of Human IgG

The effect of 1500 mg/kg intraperitoneal human IgG on the capacity of neonatal rat serum to opsonize and to kill Escherichia coli K1 and to deposit IgG and C3 onto this organism was investigated. Unlike serum from neonatal rats injected with albumin, serum from neonatal rats injected with human IgG opsonized and killed E. coli K1 efficiently. Heat treatment abolished the bactericidal effect of serum from IgG recipients, suggesting a role for complement. A radioimmunobinding assay demonstrated that the capacity of neonatal rat serum to deposit IgG and C3 onto E. coli K1 was impaired. However, intraperitoneal human IgG enabled serum from neonatal rats to deposit human IgG onto the bacteria and enhanced C3 deposition to a level equivalent to that observed with adult rat serum. Therefore, neonatal rats have a functionally competent classic pathway of complement. Human IgG ameliorates the opsonic and bacteriolytic inadequacies of neonatal rat serum that result primarily from a deficiency of antibodies to E. coli.