cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining sex of the bovine fetus by ultrasonic assessment of the relative location of the genital tubercle

Abstract The objectives were to characterize the ultrasonic morphology and location of the genital tubercle (forerunner of penis and clitoris) in cattle fetuses and to determine whether assessment of the relative location of the tubercle is useful for predicting fetal sex. Daily ultrasound examinations were done on Days 48 to 60, sex was diagnosed, and the degree of certainty of the diagnosis was scored (1 = not determinable; 2, 3 and 4 = determined with minimal, intermediate, and maximal certainty, respectively). The fetuses were recovered by induced abortion on Day 60 and sex determined by gross inspection of the external genitalia. In both sexes, the genital tubercle was a hyperechogenic bilobar structure and each lobe was elongated and oval shaped, enabling it to be recognized by ultrasound. On the first day that the certainty level for diagnosis of sex reached its highest value per heifer, sex was correctly diagnosed in 16 of 16 heifers (confidence interval for correct diagnosis, 83 to 100%). The mean certainty level increased from 1.2 ± 0.2 on Day 48 to 4.0 ± 0.0 on Day 58. The tubercle was located between the hind limbs on Days 48 and 49 and then moved toward the umbilical cord in males and toward the tail in females. In males, the tubercle was immediately caudal to the umbilical cord on mean Day 56.0 ± 0.8 and in females was under the tail on mean Day 53.8 ± 0.2. In conclusion, ultrasonic identification and estimation of the relative location of the genital tubercle by an experienced operator was a reliable technique for determining sex of the bovine fetus beginning on Day 55 and extending through the last day of the experiment (Day 60).
Asymmetric environments in encapsulation complexes.

Symmetrical, self-assembled capsules capable of surrounding two guests offer a new approach to enantioselection through coencapsulation: when one guest is chiral, the space remaining is also chiral. This notion is explored within a cylindrical capsule. The dimensions of the capsule select appropriately sized combinations of guests, the shape of the capsule prevents tumbling of rigid molecules, and the chemical surface of the capsule orients polar functions within. Chiral carboxylic acids such as mandelic acid and α-Br-butyric acid are identified as promising compounds for this purpose, but diastereoselection is modest (<25% de).
Time Domain Simulation of Ship Steering Gear Control Systems

Considering the effects of oil compressibility, leakage, hydrodynamic damping and friction, in addition to other nonlinearities, such as bang-bang relay, pump saturation and limiters of oil pressure and pump flow, the performance of five different types of ship steering gear control systems are examined using digital computer simulation techniques. Three of the controllers examined are “bang-bang” controllers, while the remaining two are “analog”. The behavior and performance of the various systems on three ship configurations are compared. It is shown that the analog steering gear controllers can be expected to demonstrate superior performance of the ship/steering system in calm water operations.
Wages, Profits, and Rent‐Sharing in an Open Economy

Abstract This paper examines the link between international trade and labor market bargaining power. It reviews simple theories of rent‐sharing in closed and open economies. Earlier studies on the issue of rent‐sharing implicitly assume a closed economy. This assumption may provide some misleading results, especially for studying current developments in the US labor market. Empirical results suggest that the apparent decline in labor’s bargaining power in US manufacturing may be attributable to growing international integration.
Automotive disc brake squeal

Disc brake squeal remains an elusive problem in the automotive industry. Since the early 20th century, many investigators have examined the problem with experimental, analytical, and computational techniques, but there is as yet no method to completely suppress disc brake squeal. This paper provides a comprehensive review and bibliography of works on disc brake squeal. In an effort to make this review accessible to a large audience, background sections on vibrations, contact and disc brake systems are also included.
Investigation of scaled hypervelocity gouging model and validation of material constitutive models

In an effort to improve the accuracy and validate the performance of a hypervelocity gouging model developed for the shock-wave physics code CTH, the physical dimensionality of an impact problem at the Holloman Air Force Base High-Speed Test Track is mathematically scaled. The resulting scaled impact problem is sized for laboratory experimental testing and modeled. The contact schemes and approaches to friction available in CTH are summarized. In addition, results of a hypervelocity laboratory gouging experiment are presented. CTH is used to model these experimental tests, and the modeling efforts are validated. These efforts enhance the ability of a previously developed full-scale gouging model to be improved and validated.
Information technology influences on world class logistics capability

Information technology has been among the foremost topics within the logistics literature of recent years. However, there has been little empirical evidence relating logistics information system (LIS) capabilities to logistics competence. Seeks to close this gap in the research, identify particular LIS capabilities that contribute most to logistics competence, and develop an understanding of the relationship between LIS development strategy and logistics competence. A review of the LIS literature identifies relevant issues. The research findings suggest four conclusions: world class firms perceive both their logistics operating and planning systems as highly capable; internally controlled characteristics generally receive higher evaluations than criteria requiring external co‐ordination; overall logistics competence is primarily influenced by logistics operating timeliness, usage driven formatting, and flexibility; and LIS development strategy does not significantly influence performance evaluations.
Preventing the Generation of Artifacts during Peptide Map Analysis of Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-I

Peptide mapping using proteolytic enzymes is one useful technique to characterize proteins. However, developing an optimized peptide map is empirical. Some proteins are resistant to proteolysis and it is thereby difficult to obtain a good peptide map. In many cases, the protease-to-substrate ratio is the first modifier to improve the peptide map. As a consequence of increasing the amount of protease, some complications such as nonspecific cleavage, disulfide interchange, transpeptidation, and autolysis of the protease itself may occur. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (r-HuIGF-I) has been shown to generate a transpeptidation product and a nonspecifically cleaved product under the conditions reported in the literature. We describe here the completion of a peptide map using a combination of Asp-N and Glu-C (V8 strain) endoproteinases. No apparent transpeptidation, nonspecific cleavage, and disulfide exchange was observed. In situ digest of r-HuIGF-I on the probe was also analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and proved to be a quick method to analyze the sample.
To be like Primrose: understanding tradition in a viola studio

Dealing with traditions is a central issue in music education. I investigate different perspectives on tradition by engaging in a local hermeneutic study surrounding an interpretive event from a viola studio. To understand the function of tradition in this event, I construct a theoretical perspective with roots in hermeneutics and educational philosophy. Analysing this event and the participants’ reflections, the contrast between the teacher's approach and the student's view of the work brings forward their divergent understandings of interpretive tradition. To investigate these differences, I offer three lenses: negotiating aesthetic values, liberation from tradition, and understanding tradition as a noun and as a process. I conclude that there are different ways in which a musician can ‘be like Primrose’, and become a participant in a tradition. I also suggest ways in which traditions can be explored in education.
Psychiatric status of intrafamilial child sexual abuse victims.

Abstract The initial psychiatric profile of a large sample of sexually abused children who presented at an outpatient child psychiatry clinic was assessed. The results identified a wide diversity in victim responses to incest. The older the victim, the closer the relationship of the offender to the child, the greater the frequency of abuse incidents, the longer the duration of the abuse, the offender having a history of alcohol abuse, and the victim being a victim of physical abuse as well as sexual abuse were all related to the presence of a DSM-III axis I clinical disorder.
Measurements of exclusive photoproduction processes at large values of t and u from 4 to 7.5 GeV

Exclusive photoproduction cross sections have been measured for the processes $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}n$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}p$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}p$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}$ at large $t$ and $u$ values at several energies for each process between 4 and 7.5 GeV. These measurements taken together with past data taken at small values of $t$ and $u$ provide complete angular distributions. The data show the usual small $t$ and $u$ peaks and a central region in which the cross section decreases approximately as ${s}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$. The results are discussed within the context of parton or constituent models.
Nephrotoxic potential of 2-amino-5-chlorophenol and 4-amino-3-chlorophenol in Fischer 344 rats: comparisons with 2- and 4-chloroaniline and 2- and 4-aminophenol.

Nephrotoxicity occurs following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 2-chloroaniline or 4-chloroaniline hydrochloride to Fischer 344 rats, but the nephrotoxicant chemical species and mechanism of nephrotoxicity are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro nephrotoxic potential of 2-amino-5-chlorophenol and 4-amino-3-chlorophenol, metabolites of 4-chloroaniline and 2-chloroaniline. A comparison was also made between the nephrotoxic potential of the aminochlorophenols and the corresponding aminophenols to examine the effect of adding a chloride group on the nephrotoxic potential of the animophenols. Male Fischer 344 rats (4/group) were given an i.p. injection of a chloroaniline or aminochlorophenol hydrochloride (1.5 mmol/kg), and aminophenol (1.0 or 1.5 mmol/kg), or vehicle, and renal function monitored at 24 and 48 h. Both aminochlorophenols induced smaller and fewer renal effects that the parent chloroanilenes in vivo. Also, 4-aminophenol was markedly more potent as a nephrotoxicant that 4-amino-3-chlorophenol, while 2-aminophenol and 2-amino-5-chlorophenol induced only mild change in renal function. In vitro, the phenolic compounds reduce p-aminohippurate accumulation by renal cortical slices at bath concentrations of 0.01 mM, while a bath concentration of 0.50 mM or greater was required for the chloroanilines. However, all compounds reduced tetraethylammonium accumulation at bath concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mM or greater. These results indicate that extrarenally-produced aminochlorophenol metabolites do not contribute to the mechanism of chloroaniline nephrotoxicity. Also, the reduced nephrotoxic potential of 4-amino-3-chlorophenol compared to 4-aminophenol could result from an altered ability of the aminochlorophenol to redox cycle or form conjugates.
SU-FF-J-113: Determination of Appropriate Lung Volume for Dosimetric Planning and Analysis From 4D CT

Purpose:Lung volumes at different breathing phases are substantially different from each other based on 4D CT. They are also different from the lung volume based on conventional 3D ungated CT. However, the dosimetric criteria and lung toxicity data used in the current planning process are based on the conventional 3D CTlung volume. Determining appropriate lung volume from 4D CT for treatment planning of lungcancer is the purpose of this work. Method and Materials: We obtained 4D CT scans of 10 patients using a GE LightSpeed RT scanner in combination with the Varian RPM respiratory gating system. For two of these patients, we have also obtained conventional 3D CT scans. The 4D CT scans were reconstructed into 10 breathing phases, as well as maximum, minimum, and average intensity projections. The lungs were then contoured for each phase and intensity projection, as well as for the 3D scans, and volumes for these contours were obtained. Results: We find that the average intensity projection (AveIP) is the most consistently close to the 3D CT volume, differing at most by about 3% of the total lung volume. The phase volume most closely approximated by the AveIP is the 20% phase (mid‐exhalation) or the 80% phase (mid‐inhalation), differing from the AveIP on average by 1.8±2.2% and −1.2±1.7%, respectively. The lung volume from the maximum intensity projection (MIP) is on average less than the AveIP volume by 11.4±2.3%. Conclusion: The lung volume from the 20% or 80% phases or the AveIP based on 4D CT should be used in the treatment planning for lungcancer. While the MIP is useful for ITV determination, it underestimates the lung volume compared to the conventional 3D CT.
Selectivity and yield of components of a composite cracking catalyst: Effect of interactions between composite components

Abstract Coking, activity, and product distribution of a composite catalyst and its components, an REY zeolite and a silica-alumina matrix, are studied in the cracking of n -hexadecane at 500°C in a pulse microreactor equipped with a thermogravimetric analysis unit (TGA), an integral sample collector, and a GC. The matrix component alone does not show significant activity beyond thermal cracking. The zeolite component has high activity and high coking rate. The composite catalyst shows much higher conversion, much higher yield to C 5 -C 10 , and much lower coking rate than the values predicted from its components. The activity and the product distribution are affected by coke deposition, and this effect depends on coke level of the catalysts. Product yields for the three catalysts as functions of coke levels allow us to determine yield enhancement factors and selectivity enhancement factors (referring to the zeolite component in the composite catalyst relative to the pure zeolite catalyst at the same zeolite coke level) for four product groups. Examination of the selectivity enhancement factors indicates how the heaviest products (C 17+ ) from the matrix component of the composite catalyst convert to kerosene, gasoline, and lightest (C 4− ) product groups over the zeolite component of the composite catalyst, and how these interconversions change with the coke level on the zeolite.
Laparoscopy-assisted fetoscopy for laser surgery in twin-twin transfusion syndrome with anterior placentation.

Objective To compare a laparoscopy-assisted fetoscopic approach with an ultrasound-directed percutaneous approach for laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses in cases of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with anterior placentation. Method We performed a retrospective review of all cases that underwent laser ablation of placental anastomoses for TTTS with an anterior placenta at Texas Children's Fetal Center from November 2006 to November 2008. The two cohorts were identified by chart review based on the type of approach: laparoscopy-assisted vs. ultrasound-guided percutaneous uterine entry for fetoscopy. Operative and outcome data were extracted and the groups were compared using statistical methods, taking P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results In the 100 cases of TTTS studied, 48 had an anterior placenta. Fifteen (31%) of these underwent laparoscopy-assisted fetoscopy (LAF) while a percutaneous approach was used in the remaining 33 (69%) cases. The total procedure time was longer in the LAF group than in the percutaneous group (96.1 ± 25 vs. 67.9 ± 28 min; P < 0.01). There was no difference in the rate of preterm premature rupture of membranes up to 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery (7 vs. 15% and 13 vs. 21%, for the LAF group vs. the percutaneous group, respectively; P = 0.7). The gestational ages at delivery were similar: 30.3 ± 4.5 weeks in the LAF group and 29.2 ± 4.6 weeks in the percutaneous group (P = 0.32). The overall survival rate at birth was tending towards better survival in the laparoscopic group than in the percutaneous group (80 vs. 61%, respectively; P = 0.06). The neonatal survival rate was better with the LAF approach than with the percutaneous approach (80 vs. 59%, respectively; P = 0.045). Conclusion Laparoscopy-assisted entry of the uterus is associated with improved neonatal survival for laser photocoagulation in cases of TTTS with a complete anterior placentation. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase CpsB and Alterations in Capsule Production Resulting from Changes in Oxygen Availability

Streptococcus pneumoniae produces a protective capsular polysaccharide whose production must be modulated for bacterial survival within various host niches. Capsule production is affected in part by a phosphoregulatory system comprised of CpsB, CpsC, and CpsD. Here, we found that growth of serotype 2 strain D39 under conditions of increased oxygen availability resulted in decreased capsule levels concurrent with an ∼5-fold increase in Cps2B-mediated phosphatase activity. The change in Cps2B phosphatase activity did not result from alterations in the levels of either the cps2B transcript or the Cps2B protein. Recombinant Cps2B expressed in Escherichia coli similarly exhibited increased phosphatase activity under conditions of high-oxygen growth. S. pneumoniae D39 derivatives with defined deletion or point mutations in cps2B demonstrated reduced phosphatase activity with corresponding increases in levels of Cps2D tyrosine phosphorylation. There was, however, no correlation between these phenotypes and the level of capsule production. During growth under reduced-oxygen conditions, the Cps2B protein was essential for parental levels of capsule, but phosphatase activity alone could be eliminated without an effect on capsule. Under increased-oxygen conditions, deletion of cps2B did not affect capsule levels. These results indicate that neither Cps2B phosphatase activity nor Cps2D phosphorylation levels per se are determinants of capsule levels, whereas the Cps2B protein is important for capsule production during growth under conditions of reduced but not enhanced oxygen availability. Roles for factors outside the capsule locus, possible interactions between capsule regulatory proteins, and links to other cellular processes are also suggested by the results described in this study.
First Report of Peanut stunt virus in Perennial Peanut in North Florida and Southern Georgia.

In spring 2001, symptoms similar to aphid-vectored peanut stunt disease caused by Peanut stunt virus (PSV) were observed on perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) cv. Floragraze in Jackson and Gulf counties, FL and Lowndes County, GA. Symptoms observed in commercial hay fields and at the North Florida Research and Education Center in Marianna and Quincy included malformed leaves, plant chlorosis, leaf mottling, and stunted plants, which resulted in reduced foliage yield. Leaf symptoms were visible throughout the growing season. Stunting was more common in spring and early summer. No symptoms were seen on rhizomes. Diagnosis of PSV (genus Cucumovirus) from symptomatic leaves and rhizome materials of 12 plants was confirmed by a direct antigen-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA). ELISA tests were repeated three times. Antibodies specific to the Clemson isolate, serotype E, were obtained from Clemson University, Clemson, SC. DAC-ELISA (1) values of 0.1 A405 above the healthy control for perennial peanut were considered positive for foliage and rhizome material tested. ELISA values ranged from 0.4 to 2.1. The mean ELISA value of the positive controls was 2.65. Symptomatic plants were also tested with ELISA using available antibodies from Agdia Inc., Elkart, IN, for Tomato spotted wilt virus, from ATCC for Peanut stripe virus, and from Clemson University (Cowpea isolate) for Cucumber mosaic virus, but all results were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PSV on perennial peanut in Florida and southern Georgia. At this time, it is not known what role perennial peanut may play as a reservoir of the virus in the vicinity of peanut fields. Little is known about the potential for forage production loss and stand longevity. Next season, molecular detection techniques and epidemiological studies on peanut and perennial peanut will be conducted to ascertain the incidence and possible impact of PSV in Georgia and Florida. Reference: (1) A. G. Gillaspie, Jr. et al. Plant Dis. 79:388, 1995.
Growth and characterization of III–V materials grown by vapor-pressure-controlled Czochralski method: comparison with standard liquid-encapsulated Czochralski materials

Abstract By using the vapor-pressure-controlled Czochralski (VCZ) method, we successfully grew both InP and GaAs single crystals which had very low dislocation densities one order of magnitude less than those of liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) single crystals. The residual strain of the VCZ GaAs substrate was one-quarter of that of the LEC substrate, and the generation of slip dislocations on the substrates during molecular beam epitaxy growth was significantly improved on the VCZ substrates. In the sulfur-doped VCZ InP crystal with no slip dislocation, the VPE InGaAs layer grown on the substrate exhibited few propagating dislocations and a very low leak current.
SWIM analysis allows rapid identification of residues involved in invasin-mediated bacterial uptake

Abstract The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein promotes bacterial uptake into normally non-phagocytic cells. Combinations of six alanine substitutions in a region of invasin previously shown to be important for bacterial internalization were analyzed using binomial and codon mutagenesis strategies. A single pool of mutants, potentially containing 64 derivatives with various combinations of alanine substitutions, was enriched by one passage through HEp2 cells. DNA was isolated from the resulting pool of internalization-competent bacteria and sequenced in a single set of reactions to determine which alanine substitutions maintained activity. Results of the single sequencing run performed on the pool indicated that strains harboring the D911A substitution were absent after enrichment, confirming the importance of an aspartate residue at this site. When single clones were subsequently isolated from the pool, those containing multiple alanine substitutions in invasin showed uptake defects that were additive, with the exception of S904A/M912A and S910A/M912A double mutants. Binomial mutagenesis combined with a pooled enrichment and sequencing strategy, called `SWIM' mutagenesis ( s election w ithout i solation of m utants), could be applied to any system for which there exists an enrichment scheme, using a single oligonucleotide pool to analyze multiple residues.
Kinetic modeling of batch fermentation for Populus hydrolysate tolerant mutant and wild type strains of Clostridium thermocellum

Abstract The extent of inhibition of two strains of Clostridium thermocellum by a Populus hydrolysate was investigated. A Monod-based model of wild type (WT) and Populus hydrolysate tolerant mutant (PM) strains of the cellulolytic bacterium C. thermocellum was developed to quantify growth kinetics in standard media and the extent of inhibition to a Populus hydrolysate. The PM was characterized by a higher growth rate ( μ max = 1.223 vs. 0.571 h −1 ) and less inhibition ( K I,gen = 0.991 vs. 0.757) in 10% v/v Populus hydrolysate compared to the WT. In 17.5% v/v Populus hydrolysate inhibition of PM increased slightly ( K I,gen = 0.888), whereas the WT was strongly inhibited and did not grow in a reproducible manner. Of the individual inhibitors tested, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was the most inhibitory, followed by galacturonic acid. The PM did not have a greater ability to detoxify the hydrolysate than the WT.
Secret Handshakes and Decoder Rings: The Queer Space of Don't Ask/Don't Tell

Don't Ask/Don't Tell (DADT) prohibits gays and lesbians from openly serving in the US military on the basis that out gays and lesbians will decrease the military's ability to function by harming the military's strong levels of camaraderie and cohesion within its ranks. Based on interviews with gay and lesbian military veterans, I find that DADT is a site of multiple paradoxes around both gay identity and the military as a whole. Rather than protect or strengthen the camaraderie and cohesion in the military, these bonds that connect members of the military are weakened by requiring gay and lesbian personnel to hide part of themselves from fellow soldiers. Further, in prohibiting gay identities from being openly expressed, DADT actually creates a queer space in which military gays and lesbians interact with one another and create their own form of military gay identity.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor expression in odontoblast cells

The cellular distribution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors was examined in rodent maxillary incisor teeth. In situ hybridization studies with a transmembrane probe of type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor indicated that this receptor/channel was highly expressed in odontoblast cells of incisor teeth. In contrast, very low labeling was observed in dental pulp. Northern analysis showed a message size of approximately 9.5 kilobases for this receptor, and demonstrated that type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor was expressed in incisor teeth. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed that types I and III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors were both highly expressed in odontoblasts while very low expression was detected in dental pulp. Finally, antibodies that recognized alpha subunits of the Gq class of GTP binding proteins also stained odontoblasts. These results indicate that receptor-mediated regulation of calcium release through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors may occur in odontoblasts of rat incisor teeth. These findings also suggest that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/channels regulate calcium flux in odontoblasts during mineralization of dentin, or in growth and differentiation of incisor tissue.
A new procedure for examining Golgi impregnated neurons by light and electron microscopy.

A procedure is described by which neurons impregnated by the rapid Golgi method can be de-impregnated and their fine structure studied in the electron microscope. Brains are fixed by perfusion with buffered solutions containing formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, and pieces are then impregnated by a rapid Golgi method. Sections, 150–200 μm thick, are cut from the impregnated blocks and immersed in glycerol so that sections containing suitably impregnated neurons can be selected under the light microscope. Such sections are immersed in gold chloride followed by oxalic acid. The original impregnation deposit of silver chromate is then removed with sodium thiosulphate. This process of de-impregnation leaves the originally impregnated neurons still visible in the light microscope for they now contain a deposit of gold. In the electron microscope this deposit is apparent as fine particles that mark the profiles of the de-impregnated neurons, but the deposit is such that it does not interfere with the fine structure which is remarkably well preserved. Thus, the cytological details of the de-impregnated neurons can be discerned and their synaptic relationships can be determined.
Surface equations of state for insoluble monolayers on aqueous solutions

Abstract Surface pressure-area and surface potential-area data are presented for the following systems: myristic acid, oleic acid, ethyl myristate, and ethyl pentadecanoate on aqueous solutions of n -butanol, t -butanol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerol, and d -glucose. The upper and lower limits on compression rate required in each case to assure monolayer uniformity and negligible dissolution are determined. The surface equations of state proposed by Lim and Berg [ J. Colloid Interface Sci . 51 , 162 (1975)] produce excellent fits of the II-α data and may be used to extrapolate such data outside the accessible range of solute concentrations.
Images in anesthesiology: radial artery spasm in an infant as documented by high-frequency micro-ultrasound.

Images in Anesthesiology: Radial Artery Spasm in an Infant as Documented by High-frequency Micro-ultrasound Gregory Latham;Adrian Bosenberg;Daniel Low; Anesthesiology
Direct observations of the primary state of radiation damage of ion-irradiated tungsten and platinum

A brief summary was presented of all the Cornell work on the primary state of radiation damage in ion-irradiated tungsten and platinum. The primary research tool for all this research was the field-ion microscope (FIM); the FIM was ideally suited for this research because of its excellent atomic resolution and the ability to examine the interior of the specimens, as a result of the field-evaporation effect. This paper summarized, in outline form, the following items: (1) the principal experimental quantities determined from the analyses performed on all the individual depleted zones (DZs) observed; (2) the main experimental programs; (3) a number of the more important results and conclusions concerning the vacancy structure of DZs; and (4) the three-dimensional spatial distribution of self-interstitial atoms around DZs in tungsten which had been irradiated and examined in situ at 10/sup 0/K.
Paraspinous muscle as a predictor of surgical outcome

Abstract Background Objective measures for preoperative risk assessment are needed to inform surgical risk stratification. Previous studies using preoperative imaging have shown that the psoas muscle is a significant predictor of postoperative outcomes. Because psoas measurements are not always available, additional trunk muscles should be identified as alternative measures of risk assessment. Our research assessed the relationship between paraspinous muscle area, psoas muscle area, and surgical outcomes. Methods Using the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative database, we retrospectively identified 1309 surgical patients who had preoperative abdominal computerized tomography scans within 90 d of operation. Analytic morphomic techniques were used to measure the cross-sectional area of the paraspinous muscle at the T12 vertebral level. The primary outcome was 1-y mortality. Analyses were stratified by sex, and logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between muscle area and postoperative outcome. Results The measurements of paraspinous muscle area at T12 were normally distributed. There was a strong correlation between paraspinous muscle area at T12 and total psoas area at L4 (r = 0.72, P Conclusions Paraspinous muscle area correlates with psoas muscle area, and larger paraspinous muscle area is associated with lower mortality rates after surgery. This suggests that the paraspinous muscle may be an alternative to the psoas muscle in the context of objective measures of risk stratification.
Fetal acidosis in prolonged pregnancy cannot be attributed to cord compression alone

Fetal heart rate abnormalities associated with prolonged pregnancy have been attributed to umbilical cord vulnerability rather than placental insufficiency. Although intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns indicative of umbilical cord compression are common beyond 41 weeks' gestation, fetal intolerance to labor develops only in a subset of such patients. To test the hypothesis that suboptimal placental function contributes to reduced amniotic fluid volume and, ultimately, to fetal intolerance to labor, we prospectively collected biochemical and clinical data on 112 prolonged pregnancies. Data analysis was blinded to outcome and included cord blood acid-base measurements and intrapartum fetal heart rate interpretation. We observed a high incidence of umbilical cord compression (46.4°0, but this finding was not predictive of emergent delivery in 32 of 52 cases (61.5%). Fetal acidosis (arterial pH
Trends in Mortality Attributed to Heart Failure in Worcester, Massachusetts, 1992 to 2001

Sparse data are available, particularly from the more generalizable perspective of a population-based investigation, that describe recent trends in community death rates due to heart failure (HF). The objectives of this study were to describe a decade-long trend (1992 to 2001) in mortality attributed to HF among residents of the metropolitan area of Worcester, Massachusetts. A secondary study goal was to describe changes in death rates due to HF in men and in women, in subjects of different ages, and according to location of death. Death data tapes were obtained from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health for greater Worcester residents who died between 1992 and 2001. A total of 2,677 deaths from HF occurred in metropolitan Worcester residents between 1992 and 2001. Increases in crude death rates (per 100,000 population) attributed to HF were observed from 1992 (death rate 82) to 2001 (death rate 102). Adjustment for age attenuated the increase in community death rates due to HF. Slight increases in age-adjusted death rates from HF were noted in men, whereas age-adjusted mortality from HF in women decreased by 22% between our initial study year and the most recent study year. The elderly were at greatest risk for dying of HF and increases in HF death rates were observed in the oldest subjects (≥85 years of age) over time. There was an increasing proportion of all deaths due to HF that occurred in the out-of-hospital setting in 2001 (61%) compared with 1992 (52%). The results of this study suggest changing patterns in death rates due to HF in a large northeastern community.
N-methyl dihydronicotinamide

Abstract The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of N-methyldihydronicotinamide and of its 2-deutero and 6-deutero derivatives, amply confirm the 1,4-dihydropyridine structures assigned to these compounds.
Elliptic coflow effects on a circular gas jet flame

The effects of elliptic coe ow on the structure of a propane jet e ame are presented. The interaction of a fuel jet and a coe ow in the shear layer enhances the mixing behavior of the e owe eld and affects the combustion characteristics of diffusion e ames. Nonaxisymmetric exit jet geometries are characterized by better mixing and increased e uid entrainment into the jet core, which is desirable for low pollution from a diffusion-controlled combustion environment. In the present study the interaction of an elliptic coe ow with a propane jet e ame issued from a circular tube burner has been studied. Pollutant emission, e ame radiation, e ame structure, and soot concentration have been measured. The fuel jet exit Reynolds number is 2.7 ££ 10 3 , and the exit Reynolds number for the coe ow is 4.01 ££ 103 and 8.02 ££ 103 based on the minor and major axis, respectively. The results are compared with the measurements from the experiments on the same burner in a circular coe ow. The pollution characteristics and the e ame structure of the e ame in the elliptic coe ow are signie cantly different from those in the circular coe ow. The nitric-oxide emission is higher, and the carbon-monoxide emission is lower in the elliptic coe ow than in the circular coe ow. The elliptic coe ow e ame produces less soot than the circular coe ow e ame.
Excited states of DNA and its components at room temperature--V. Spectral, polarization and quantum yield studies of cytidylyl-(3',5')-adenosine.

— The corrected normalized emission spectrum, quantum yield, and emission anisotropy are reported for partially-stacked CpA excited at 266 nm. Utilizing parameters determined separately for cytidine and AMP, the emission spectrum of CpA is quantitatively resolved into components characteristic of the two monomers plus a red shifted emission characteristic of complex formation. The results fit accurately to a simple stacking model in which monomer-like fluorescence originates only from the unstacked fraction and “complex” fluorescence from the stacked fraction. It is shown that the stacked fraction absorbs in a manner qualitatively distinct from the unstacked fraction and the “complex” emission is really the excited state of a ground state complex. This emission, which peaks at 440 nm and contains at least two species can be resolved into three Gaussian components. It is suggested that the emitting species may originate in distinct stacked conformations.
The effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties of 2099-T6 die forgings, 2099-T83 extrusions, 7075-T7651 plate, 7085-T7452 die forgings, 7085-T7651 plate, and 2397-T87 plate aluminum alloys

Aluminum alloys 2099-T6 die forgings, 2099-T83 extrusions, 7075-T7651 plate, 7085-T7452 die forgings, 7085-T7651 plate, and 2397-T87 plate were thermally exposed at temperatures of 180 °C (350 °F), 230 °C (450 °F), and 290 °C (550 °F) for 0.1, 0.5, 2, 10, 100, and 1000 h. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. The data shows that higher temperatures and longer exposure times generally resulted in decreased strength and hardness and increased percent elongation and electrical conductivity.
Binding of xenobiotics to the estrogen receptor of spotted seatrout: A screening assay for potential estrogenic effects

Several xenobiotics that bind to mammalian estrogen receptors (ER) were tested for their ability to bind to the hepatic ER of a marine fish, the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). Incubation of cytosolic extracts with the antiestrogens clomiphene, tamoxifen, and nafoxidine caused displacement of 3H-estradiol from its receptor. Kepone (chlordecone) also bound to seatrout ER, but it had a lower affinity than that observed with mammalian ER. Preliminary results indicated that these compounds have antiestrogenic or estrogenic actions in the spotted seatrout. However, several DDT derivatives and PCB mixtures failed to displace estradiol from the spotted seatrout ER, even though they have been shown to bind to mammalian ER. The lack of binding to spotted seatrout ER by several of the xenobiotics may be due to structural differences between ER in spotted seatrout and in mammals. These results indicate that the spotted seatrout ER assay can be used for screening xenobiotics for possible estrogenic activity in teleosts.
Sa1629 Optimal Sedation for the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy With the Combination of Intermediate - Action Agent and Rapid - Action Agent

hyperplastic, 50 no diagnostic abnormality, 37 other benign pathology). There were no differences in sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy of predicting adenomatous histology with or without the cap. (Table) There were no differences in accuracy of predicting colonoscopy surveillance intervals and in the NPV for adenomatous histology in diminutive rectosigmoid polyps. Conclusion: While prior studies have found that the cap assisted colonoscopy may improve adenoma detection rates, the addition of a cap does not affect colon polyp histology and surveillance interval prediction when using NBI.
Deformation microstructure of proton-irradiated stainless steels

The deformation microstructure of proton-irradiated stainless steels may play a key role in explaining their irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) susceptibility. In the present study, three model alloys (UHP-304, 304 + Si, 304 + Cr + Ni) with different stacking fault energies (SFEs) were irradiated with 3.2 MeV protons at 360 °C to 1.0 and 5.5 dpa and then strained in 288 °C Ar atmosphere. The deformation microstructure of the strained samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the slip lines interacted with grain boundaries by grain-to-grain transmission, grain boundary sliding or deformation ledge formation at grain boundaries. Expanded channels, which were formed at locations where dislocation channels intersected the grain boundaries or other channels, were found predominately in the low SFE alloys UHP-304 and 304 + Si. The steps and shear strain at grain boundaries caused by channel expansion may increase the IASCC susceptibility in low SFE stainless steels by producing strain concentrations and inducing cracks in the oxide film.
Membrane ultrafiltration of a nonionic surfactant and inorganic salts from complex aqueous suspensions: Design for water reuse

Complex aqueous suspensions containing a nonionic surfactant, phosphates, silicate, hypochlorite, oil, and kaolinite particulates are subjected to continuous flow membrane ultrafiltration with noncellulosic membranes. The ultrafiltrate water flux and the rejections by the Millipore PSAL membrane of total organic carbon, surfactant, and total phosphate are related by stepwise, multiple linear regression analysis (logarithmic model) to transmembrane pressure difference, thin channel velocity, membrane resistance, and feed solution concentration. The variables are adjusted to eliminate gel polarization and to minimize concentration polarization. The data are extended, by the development and use of a computer simulation scale-up procedure, to a 1 000 cm3/s (23 000 gal/day) laundry waste treatment and water recovery unit. The procedure considers banks of modules in series, banks in parallel, and a parallel-series-tapered arrangement. Membrane area requirements per unit ultrafiltrate water flux and solute rejections are predicted for water recoveries up to 95% of the inlet flow rate.
Physical Fitness and Telomere Length in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study

Background: Short telomere length (TL) is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the relationship between physical fitness and TL has not been explored in these patients. Methods: In a cross sectional study of 944 outpatients with stable CHD, we performed exercise treadmill testing, assessed self-reported physical activity, and measured leukocyte TL using a quantitative PCR assay. We used generalized linear models to calculate mean TL (T/S ratio), and logistic regression models to compare the proportion of patients with short TL (defined as the lowest quartile), among participants with low, medium and high physical fitness, based on metabolic equivalent tasks achieved (METs). Results: 229 participants had low physical fitness (,5 METS), 334 had moderate physical fitness (5–7 METS), and 381 had high physical fitness (.7 METS). Mean 6 T/S ratio ranged from 0.8660.21 (534963781 base pairs) in those with low physical fitness to 0.9560.23 (556663829 base pairs) in those with high physical fitness (p,.001). This association remained strong after adjustment for numerous patient characteristics, including measures of cardiac disease severity and physical inactivity (p=0.005). Compared with participants with high physical fitness, those with low physical fitness had 2-fold greater odds of having TL in the lowest quartile (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.60–3.55; p,.001). This association was similar after multivariable adjustment (OR 1.94, 95%CI, 1.18–3.20; p=0.009). Self-reported physical inactivity was associated with shorter TL in unadjusted analyses, but not after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions: We found that worse objectively-assessed physical fitness is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length in patients with CHD. The clinical implications of this association deserve further study.
A rapid and efficient route to benzazole heterocycles.

This protocol describes a rapid, high-yielding, microwave-mediated route that affords benzazole heterocycles in high crude purity and represents a significant advancement toward an environmentally friendly reaction. The reaction of aryl isothiocyanates with o-nucleophilic anilines produces thiourea intermediates that, in the presence of a carbodiimide-functionalized resin, cyclize to benzazoles with the safe removal of one equivalent of hydrogen sulfide. This procedure takes ∼8.5 h to complete: 1–3 h for setup, 4.5 h for benzazole formation and 2 h for workup and purification.
Three methods for isolating viable anthozoan endoderm cells with their intracellular symbiotic dinoflagellates

Three maceration methods are described for the isolation of single endoderm cells from marine cnidarians. Two are enzymatic treatments suitable for fleshy anthozoans such as sea anemones and zoanthids. The third employs calcium free sea water and is suitable for stony corals. The viability and morphology of the endoderm cells is described using fluorogenic dyes and scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Polarization-maintaining fiber-based optical low-coherence reflectometer for characterization and ranging of birefringence

We describe a polarization-maintaining fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometer for measurement of depth-resolved birefringence. Unlike for other fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometers, here the linear birefringence of a sample can be measured from data recorded in a single A scan. Simultaneous measurement of retardation and orientation of birefringent axes with mica wave plates is demonstrated. The measured retardation is insensitive to sample rotation in the plane perpendicular to ranging.
Impact of Tissue, Canopy, and Landscape Factors on the Hyperspectral Reflectance Variability of Arid Ecosystems

Changes in vegetation distribution and condition commonly occur in arid ecosystems due to land use and climate variability. Most arid land remote sensing efforts have focused on detecting vegetation change using spectral indices, such as the normalized vegetation index, with limited success. Less attention has focused on using the continuous shortwave spectrum (0.4 μm to 2.5 μm) for studying vegetation in arid environments. Using field measurements and a photon transport model, we quantified the absolute and relative importance of tissue, canopy, and landscape factors that drive pixel-level shortwave reflectance variation along a land-cover gradient in the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico. Green foliage, wood, standing litter, and bare soil had distinctive spectral properties, often via specific, narrow absorption features and through overall differences in the shape of their shortwave spectra. While the amount of each plant material varied significantly along the land-cover gradient, foliar optical properties remained relatively stable, supporting the hypothesis that resource variation (e.g., water and nutrients) is more strongly resolved at the scale of whole plant canopies (e.g., via allocation and production) than at the leaf level. Significant variation in vegetation type and condition along the gradient resulted in only subtle changes in pixel-level reflectance variability, which could be determined in high spectral resolution Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data. Most important, the relative impact of tissue, canopy, and landscape factors on pixel-level reflectance shifted with plant composition and phenology. We compared the ability to resolve these vegetation and soil factors using Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, and Landsat Thematic Mapper optical channels and found that few factors could be accounted for unless most of the spectral range was adequately sampled.