cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TIME COURSE OF RENAL RESPONSES TO GREATER SPLANCHNIC NERVE STIMULATION

The objective of the present study was to describe the time courses of renal responses during renal sympathetic stimulation and to determine whether the kidney can provide a sustained response to sympathetic stimulation for 3 h. In four pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs, stimulation (3.3 Hz) of a greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) on one side caused reductions in renal blood flow (RBF) and sodium excretion (UNaV) of both stimulated and contralateral-denervated kidneys, plus an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA). During continued stimulation, RBF partially recovered, but UNaV fell to less than 5% of control and PRA rose and remained at least eight times above control. In nine dogs, a single GSN was stimulated after ipsilateral adrenal medullectomy and ligation of the splanchnic circulation. The acute response to GSN stimulation was now confined to the ipsilateral kidney. Ipsilateral RBF fell by 32 +/- 10% but returned to 85 +/- 5% of control values by the end of the stimulation period. Contralateral RBF fell slowly by approximately 10%. Ipsilateral and contralateral UNaV fell to 34 +/- 10 and 43 +/- 11% of control values, respectively. PRA increased rapidly at the onset of GSN stimulation and remained at least 2.8 times control levels. After stimulation, RBF, UNaV, and PRA returned toward control levels. These results confirm the findings of others that the response of the renal vasculature to sympathetic stimulation is mainly transient. However, they additionally demonstrate a strong and sustained decrease in UNaV lasting for the total 3-h period of sympathetic stimulation.
Sequential Morphogenesis of Urinary Bladder Tumors in Balb/c Mice Given 2-Acetylaminqfluorene

Abstract The sequential morphogenesis of bladder tumors induced in mice with 2-acetylaminofluorene were studied in order to understand better the morphogenesis of bladder tumors in humans. The study indicated 2 distinct patterns in the sequential morphogenesis. The first was a focal neovascularization of the transitional epithelium resulting initially in exophytic nodules which appeared more likely to develop into papilloma. The second was a nodular downgrowth of the transitional epithelium resulting initially in endophytic tumors which progressed to endophytic and exophytic carcinomas. Further work is needed to explain the significance of the 2 separate pathways which sometimes led to the same end result.
The Future of the Life Course

The future of the life course in the United States over the next several decades, and in some other late-modern societies, is best considered in the light of major demographic and institutional changes. The life course—when defined as interdependent sequences of age-related social roles across life domains (family, education, work, health, leisure)—is a product of the linkages among state (welfare), market and familial (gender) institutions and demographic behaviors across the life span. When these linkages are tightly coupled and universally salient in a population their coherence and normative strength lead to a more highly institutionalized, age-graded life course. Alternatively, when these linkages are loosely coupled, variability (de-institutionalization) in the life course increases: the relationship of age to role transitions weakens and the synchronization of roles across life domains becomes less standardized.
Influence of alum coagulant dose and influent turbidity on floc blanket growth rate, steady-state suspended solids concentration, and turbidity removal.

AbstractFloc blankets are concentrated, fluidized beds of particles utilized in some water treatment plants. Floc blankets occur in vertical-upflow sedimentation tank configurations and are reported to enhance removal of suspended solids. In this research, floc blankets were formed in the laboratory at an upflow velocity of 1.2 mm/s and at varying alum coagulant dosages with influent turbidities of 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), 100 NTU, and 500 NTU. Image analysis was utilized to quantify floc blanket suspended solids concentration and floc-water interface height over time. Blankets formed with higher influent turbidities required a lower ratio of coagulant dose to influent turbidity, formed more quickly, had higher steady-state suspended solids concentrations, and achieved better suspended solids removal efficiency. Increasing alum coagulant dose decreased steady-state floc blanket suspended solids concentration and resulted in lower effluent turbidities. At an influent turbidity of 100 NTU, e...
Endoscopic management of post-bariatric surgery complications.

Understanding the technical constructs of bariatric surgery is important to the treating endoscopist to maximize effective endoluminal therapy. Post-operative complication rates vary widely based on the complication of interest, and have been reported to be as high as 68% following adjustable gastric banding. Similarly, there is a wide range of presenting symptoms for post-operative bariatric complications, including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and weight regain, all of which may provoke an endoscopic assessment. Bleeding and anastomotic leak are considered to be early ( 30 d) complications. Treatment of complications in the immediate post-operative period may require unique considerations. Endoluminal therapies serve as adjuncts to surgical and radiographic procedures. This review aims to summarize the spectrum and efficacy of endoscopic management of post-operative bariatric complications.
Gender Variation in the Emotional Construal of Russian Journalistic Non-fiction

The author analyzes gender differences in the Russian journalistic discourse using the example of the lexical field related to the concept of грусть ‘sorrowʼ. The more frequent use of these words is indicative of a higher level of empathy. The results demonstrate that male authors exhibit a high er proclivity towards the usage of the words from the aforementioned lexical field. The results are another piece of evidence that a higher level of empathy in women is not absolute but rather highly dependent on the concrete context.
Riboswitch diversity and distribution

Riboswitches are commonly used by bacteria to detect a variety of metabolites and ions to regulate gene expression. To date, nearly 40 different classes of riboswitches have been discovered, experimentally validated, and modeled at atomic resolution in complex with their cognate ligands. The research findings produced since the first riboswitch validation reports in 2002 reveal that these noncoding RNA domains exploit many different structural features to create binding pockets that are extremely selective for their target ligands. Some riboswitch classes are very common and are present in bacteria from nearly all lineages, whereas others are exceedingly rare and appear in only a few species whose DNA has been sequenced. Presented herein are the consensus sequences, structural models, and phylogenetic distributions for all validated riboswitch classes. Based on our findings, we predict that there are potentially many thousands of distinct bacterial riboswitch classes remaining to be discovered, but that the rarity of individual undiscovered classes will make it increasingly difficult to find additional examples of this RNA-based sensory and gene control mechanism.
SUCCESSFUL EXTRA CORPOREAL LIFE SUPPORT (ECLS) IN POST-OPERATIVE HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME (HLHS) 108

Recently Kulik et al suggested that diagnosis of single ventricle and initiation of ECLS in the OR are associated with patient non-survival. Fasules has stated that no patient survived if they required ECLS initiated in the OR following palliative surgery. The Extracorporeal Life Support Registry reports 11 survivors of 44 post- op cases with HLHS. From '87-96, at our institution, 46 infants 0-9 mos (median= 1 mo) of age required ECLS for congenital heart disease with an overall survival of 43%. 7 infants 0-18 weeks (median = 1 week) required venoarterial (VA) bypass after Norwood stage I procedure for HLHS. 5 of 7 failed to wean from operative bypass and 2 were cannulated shortly after return from OR. Of the 7 patients, 2 required ECLS for pulmonary hypertension (PAH)and 5 for ventricular failure. 3 of 7 (43%) patients survived to discharge from hospital. 2 of these infants required initiation of ECLS in the OR. Mean ECLS duration was 154 h (range 21-289). One non-survivor was taken off bypass after 21 h secondary to intracranial bleeding. The other 3 non-survivors failed to improve and died on discontinuation of bypass. All 3 infants who weaned off bypass survived to discharge, with ECLS for 116, 131 and137 hours. SUMMARY: In our series, ECLS in HLHS resulted in a 43% survival to hospital discharge. Initiation of ECLS in the OR was compatible with patient survival. ECLS should be considered in infants undergoing the Norwood stage I procedure who fail to wean off operative bypass or develop life-threatening post-op ventricular failure or PAH.
The Landscape of Patient Access to Direct Acting Antivirals by Payer Within the United States Healthcare System

This review article charts the current landscape of patient access to direct acting antivirals (DAAs) by payer within the United States healthcare system, including Medicaid, Medicare, private/commercial health insurance, Department of Corrections, and the Department of Veteran’s Affairs. Each payer is reviewed for barriers to access and equity as well as analyzed with regard to cost. The advent of DAAs gives the promise not just of cure but of the elimination of hepatitis C (HCV). However, increased demand, pressure to prioritize care, drug costs, and limited financial resources have made delivery of the treatment to all a difficult task. The World Health Organization (WHO) contends that striving for equitable care and long-term financial viability should be cornerstones of HCV elimination. We argue that overcoming barriers to access to care in a sustainable fashion is a key step to closing the gap between the promise of a cure and the widespread elimination of disease.
Work Hard, Play Hard: Email Classification on the Avocado and Enron Corpora

In this paper, we present an empirical study of email classification into two main categories “Business” and “Personal”. We train on the Enron email corpus, and test on the Enron and Avocado email corpora. We show that information from the email exchange networks improves the performance of classification. We represent the email exchange networks as social networks with graph structures. For this classification task, we extract social networks features from the graphs in addition to lexical features from email content and we compare the performance of SVM and Extra-Trees classifiers using these features. Combining graph features with lexical features improves the performance on both classifiers. We also provide manually annotated sets of the Avocado and Enron email corpora as a supplementary contribution.
What is Clastobryella tenella M.Fleisch.

The moss Clastobryella tenella M.Fleisch. based on a collection from Java has remained poorly understood since its original description. Microscopic examination of the type material in the Fleischer Herbarium within the Farlow Herbarium of Harvard University concluded that the exceedingly fragmentary type material best represents juvenile plants of Gammiella tonkinensis (Broth. & Par.) B.C. Tan.
Zero-field quantum critical point in Ce 0.91 Yb 0.09 CoIn 5

We present results of specific heat, electrical resistance, and magnetoresistivity measurements on single crystals of the heavy-fermion superconducting alloy ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.91}{\mathrm{Yb}}_{0.09}{\mathrm{CoIn}}_{5}$. Non-Fermi-liquid to Fermi-liquid crossovers are clearly observed in the temperature dependence of the Sommerfeld coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and resistivity data. Furthermore, we show that the Yb-doped sample with $x=0.09$ exhibits universality due to an underlying quantum phase transition without an applied magnetic field by utilizing the scaling analysis of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. Fitting of the heat capacity and resistivity data based on existing theoretical models indicates that the zero-field quantum critical point is of antiferromagnetic origin. Finally, we found that at zero magnetic field the system undergoes a third-order phase transition at the temperature ${T}_{c3}\ensuremath{\approx}7$ K.
What You Can Do to Stop Firearm Violence

Calls for action in the wake of the Las Vegas mass shooting have been made not just with profound sadness and outrage but with a here-we-go-again sense of futility. But there is a critically import...
Probability in Look Up and Scream

In the game Look Up and Scream, players stand in a circle, close their eyes, and on the count of three, open their eyes, with each player looking directly at another player. If two players look dir...
Resolution Reconstruction of Climate Data with Pixel Recursive Model

Deep learning techniques have been successfully applied to solve many problems in climate and geoscience using massive-scaled observed and modeled data. For extreme climate event detections, several models based on deep neural networks have been recently proposed and attend superior performance that overshadows all previous handcrafted expert based method. The issue arising, though, is that accurate localization of events requires high quality of climate data. In this work, we propose framework capable of detecting and localizing extreme climate events in very coarse climate data. Our framework is based on two models using deep neural networks, (1) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect and localize extreme climate events, and (2) Pixel recursive recursive super resolution model to reconstruct high resolution climate data from low resolution climate data. Based on our preliminary work, we have presented two CNNs in our framework for different purposes, detection and localization. Our results using CNNs for extreme climate events detection shows that simple neural nets can capture the pattern of extreme climate events with high accuracy from very coarse reanalysis data. However, localization accuracy is relatively low due to the coarse resolution. To resolve this issue, the pixel recursive super resolution model reconstructs the resolution of input of localization CNNs. We present a best networks using pixel recursive super resolution model that synthesizes details of tropical cyclone in ground truth data while enhancing their resolution. Therefore, this approach not only dramatically reduces the human effort, but also suggests possibility to reduce computing cost required for downscaling process to increase resolution of data.
Co-expression Analysis of Metabolic Pathways in Plants

Co-expression analysis allows experimenters to re-use archived expression microarray data to uncover previously unknown functional relationships between genes. An observation that a group of genes are co-expressed across diverse experimental conditions suggests they may play similar roles in the cell. Several thousand expression microarray experiments performed on samples from Arabidopsis thaliana have entered the public domain and it is now possible to use these data to investigate metabolic networks in plants. This chapter explains how to use a Web-based tool (CressExpress) to investigate co-expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis. Using CressExpress together with desktop visualization and analysis tools, one can easily identify clusters of genes that are co-expressed with one or more genes of interest, making it possible to identify new players in metabolic pathways that are regulated at the level of mRNA abundance.
Gas Discharge Fundamentals

We consider first the collisions of ions and electrons with the neutral atoms in a partially ionized plasma; collisions between charged particles are more complicated and will be treated later. Since neutral atoms have no external electric field, ions and electrons do not feel the presence of a neutral until they come within an atomic radius of it. When an electron, say, collides with a neutral, it will bounce off it most of the time as if it were a billiard ball. We can then assign to the atom an effective cross sectional area, or momentum transfer cross section, which means that, on the average, an electron hitting such an area around the center of an atom would have its (vector) momentum changed by a lot; a lot being a change comparable to the size of the original momentum. The cross section that an electron sees depends on its energy, so in general a cross section depends on the energy, or, on average, the temperature of the bombarding particles. Atoms are about 10-8 cm (1 Angstrom) in radius, so atomic cross sections tend to be around 10-16 cm2 (1 A2) in magnitude.
The Harris-Todaro model of labor migration and its commercial policy implications

The pioneering work on rural-urban labor migration by John R. Harris and Michael P. Todaro in late 1960s to early 1970s generated such enormous interest and later contributions that they have become an important and unique component of development economics literature. The Harris-Todaro (HT) model admits the existence, in equilibrium, of a chronic large amount of urban unemployment due to the presence of urban minimum wages. The distinguishing feature of this model is that labor migration proceeds in response to urban-rural differences in expected earnings with the urban employment rate acting as an equilibrating force on such migration;This dissertation includes three articles and deals with the topic of international trade policies of an HT-type economy with labor surplus. The argument is carried out in the context of evaluating outward-oriented vs inward-oriented trade practices. The basic structure is that of Corden and Findlay, i.e., with intersectoral capital mobility and the small and open country assumption, whereupon necessary modifications are added to allow for the discussions on the effect of the presence of a service sector and risk averse workers;The essence of the results is that protectionist practices are welfare reducing for a two sector HT economy with risk neutral workers but maybe beneficial in the presence of a nontraded service sector or risk averse workers. More precisely, with a third sector, the nontraded service sector, that uses only labor as input, production subsidies to the import competing industry or import tariffs can be welfare improving. When workers are risk averse, the optimal police combination is a positive production subsidy and a positive tariff. Thus, large amount of urban unemployment (or, underemployment as characterized in the service sector in this dissertation) and risk attitude of the workers can be used as justification (as the infant industry argument) for some LDCs' trade restraining practices.
Microstructure evolution under isothermal and continuous cooling conditions via a combined multiphase field and nucleation approach

Abstract We demonstrate the microstructure evolution involving the nucleation and grain growth of a binary alloy during the continuous cooling process via a combined multiphase field model and stochastic nucleation computational model. The nuclei are initiated by adding into the total free energy a term of the nucleation energy related to the variables that represents grains of different orientation. Moelans’ interpolation functions are implemented to construct the chemical bulk free energy from coexisting phases/grains for increased stability of multiphase/grain junctions. It was found that the temperature dependent nucleation rate and interface mobility are the main materials properties controlling the features of the resultant microstructures. More even-sized and fine grains can be formed under a high cooling rate given the specified temperature dependent nucleation rate. Solute trapping is the most prominent and solute segregation is the slightest at the highest cooling rate. Equipped with a grain-tracking method, this computational framework provides a viable and computationally efficiently pathway to investigate the large-scale microstructure evolution under various temperature histories that could occur in manufacturing processes.
Using podcasts to deliver pediatric educational content: Development and reach of PediaCast CME.

ObjectivePediatricians have used podcasts to communicate with the public since 2006 and medical students since 2008. Previous work has established quality criteria for medical education podcasts an...
Scoping review of Asian viewpoints on everyday doing: A critical turn for critical perspectives

ABSTRACTThe notion that Western cultural values are embedded in occupational science and occupational therapy has received attention for over a decade. However, the extent to which non-Western pers...
Boundary Conditions for Models of Ion and Excited-State Formation in the Sputtering Process

Although fully satisfactory models to explain the presence of ions and excited states in the sputtered flux do not exist, it is possible to indicate with fair detail what the models will have to describe. That is, what might be termed “boundary conditions” can be set up. For example, ions have significantly lower kinetic energies, and at the same time higher yields, than excited states. Ions are an order of magnitude smaller than excited states and appear to form in events resembling cascade sputtering, whereas excited states are large and appear to form in events resembling binary collisions. In a few respects ions are like excited states, including in the relative yields showing an approximately exponential dependence on the internal energy and in evidence for degeneracy playing a role.
Discovering Empirically-Based Best Practices in Computing Education Through Replication, Reproducibility, and Meta-Analysis Studies

Though some empirically-driven best practices in computing education exist, there are legitimate and serious concerns about the dearth of studies that have been replicated and/or reproduced in the sciences, including education science and computing education. Without the empirical evidence that comes from replicated, reproduced or meta-analytic studies to provide further verification that a particular practice is effective, the computing education research community may be unintentionally propagating poor practices driven by false findings derived from individual studies. Propagation of these practices can lead to distrust by practitioners, eroding the relationship between often well-intentioned researchers who want to help inform and shape the practice and those in the classrooms teaching, policymakers, and administrators. Therefore, it is incumbent on us as a community to seriously consider the state of our research practice, the challenges the community faces due to the lack of empirical evidence coming from our published studies, and how the community can have a broader discussion to evolve the field into a stronger practice. This short paper contains some foundational terminology and provides evidence of the lack of replication, reproducibility, and meta-analytic studies in general and in computing education. A summary of potential solutions is also proposed that can be explored in an effort to help frame a larger discussion of this issue with the goal of considering next steps needed to mature our field.
Riemannian Optimization via Frank-Wolfe Methods

We study projection-free methods for constrained Riemannian optimization. In particular, we propose the Riemannian Frank-Wolfe (RFW) method. We analyze non-asymptotic convergence rates of RFW to an optimum for (geodesically) convex problems, and to a critical point for nonconvex objectives. We also present a practical setting under which RFW can attain a linear convergence rate. As a concrete example, we specialize Rfw to the manifold of positive definite matrices and apply it to two tasks: (i) computing the matrix geometric mean (Riemannian centroid); and (ii) computing the Bures-Wasserstein barycenter. Both tasks involve geodesically convex interval constraints, for which we show that the Riemannian "linear oracle" required by RFW admits a closed-form solution; this result may be of independent interest. We further specialize RFW to the special orthogonal group and show that here too, the Riemannian "linear oracle" can be solved in closed form. Here, we describe an application to the synchronization of data matrices (Procrustes problem). We complement our theoretical results with an empirical comparison of Rfw against state-of-the-art Riemannian optimization methods and observe that RFW performs competitively on the task of computing Riemannian centroids.
Electronic Health Record (EHR) Quality Tools Improved and Sustained Use of Asthma Action Plans for 3 years in a Primary Care Pediatric System

Background: 6 million US children have asthma resulting in 800,000 asthma-emergency room visits per year. Asthma Action Plans are recommended for patients to improve asthma control but are not consistently utilized in busy pediatric primary care clinics. Specific Aim: The specific aim of this project was to develop EHR quality tools to increase the use of written Asthma Action Plans (wAAP) to pediatric patients to improve asthma control and reduce asthma-related ER visits. Design/Methods: Our primary care pediatric system includes 8 clinics with 37 pediatricians serving 46,000 patients approximately 10% with asthma. Plan-Do-Check-Act quality improvement methods including fishbone diagrams and A3s were used to develop EHR pediatric asthma registries and team-based tools including well-child visit and …
Induction of cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets against leukemia by stimulation with AML blasts.

Although the application of interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated lymphocytes in immunotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is of therapeutic interest, the high resistance of AML blasts to lymphocyte iysis may represent an obstacle to this type of therapy. However, our data shows that the leukemia resistance can be conquered by concomitant culture of lymphocytes with IL-2 and AML blasts. This approach induces not only leukemia-dlrected cytotoxic cells, but also promotes their growth. Additionally, multiple cytotoxic lymphocyte populations with leukemia lyric activity are induced in AMIJIL-2 cultures. These include natural killer (NK) cells and subsets ofT cells with both the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and MHC-nonrestricted cytotoxic function. Thus, this protocol, which is conducive to general stimulation of cellular immune responses against leukemia, may enhance the benefits of lymphocyte therapy.
Jugular Venous Reflux Can Mimic Posterior Fossa Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas on MRI-MRA.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are high-flow acquired shunts that can carry high risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Because DAVFs can often be managed by endovascular means, early and accurate ...
Disaggregating Heterogeneity among Non-Hispanic Whites: Evidence and Implications for U.S. Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities

Research has made strides in disaggregating health data among racial/ethnic minorities, but less is known about the extent of diversity among Whites. Using logistic regression modeling applied to data on respondents aged 40+ from the 2008 to 2016 American Community Survey, we disaggregated the non-Hispanic White population by ancestry and other racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic) by common subgroupings and examined heterogeneity in disability. Using logistic regression models predicting six health outcome measures, we compared the spread of coefficients for each of the large racial/ethnic groups and all subgroupings within these large categories. The results revealed that health disparities within the White population are almost as large as disparities within other racial groups. In fact, when Whites were disaggregated by ancestry, mean health appeared to be more varied among Whites than between Whites and members of other racial/ethnic groups in many cases. Compositional changes in the ancestry of Whites, particularly declines in Whites of western European ancestry and increases in Whites of eastern European and Middle Eastern ancestry, contribute to this diversity. Together, these findings challenge the oft-assumed notion that Whites are a homogeneous group and indicate that the aggregate White category obscures substantial intra-ethnic heterogeneity in health.
Paradoxical changes in brain reward status during oxycodone self-administration in a novel test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The extra medical use of, and addiction to, prescription opioid analgesics is a growing health problem. To characterize how prescription opioid abuse develops, this study investigated the affective consequences of escalating prescription opioid use using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) reward and oxycodone intravenous self-administration (IVSA) models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were given access to oxycodone IVSA (0.15 mg·kg-1 per infusion, i.v.) in short-access (ShA; 1 h) or long-access (LgA; 12 h) sessions for five sessions per week followed by intermittent 60-h discontinuations from drug access, a novel explicit test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis. Separate groups were first trained in the ICSS procedure and then in oxycodone IVSA in 11-h LgA sessions. KEY RESULTS Rats given LgA to oxycodone escalated their responding more than ShA rats, with further significant increases observed following each 60-h discontinuation. Presession brain reward thresholds increased with sequential daily LgA IVSA sessions, consistent with a growing negative affective state consequent to successive daily intoxication/abstinence cycles. A 1-h oxycodone IVSA interval was sufficient to normalize these elevated reward thresholds, as was, paradoxically, a 60-h weekend abstinence. The increase in ICSS thresholds was attenuated in a group treated with the long-acting κ-opioid antagonist norbinaltorphimine prior to IVSA training. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Changes in brain reward function during escalation of oxycodone self-administration are driven by an interplay between κ-opioid receptor-mediated negative affective state associated with escalated oxycodone intake and dynamic restoration of brain reward status during longer periods of abstinence.
Correlation Analysis of Uniformity Parameters under DC and Impulse Excitations for MOV Banks

This paper presents a correlation analysis between the uniformity parameters under DC-voltage and impulsecurrent excitations for MOV banks based on the z-score transform and the Pearson correlation coefficient. After a series of tests on 120 disks, the MOV banks parallel-connected by 18 disks in 3 groups are formed, and the following tests are carried in normal, abnormal and unbalance temperature states, respectively. The z-score normalized results imply a linear proportional relation between the parameters in low and high current ranges, for the single disk and the formed bank used in this paper. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient provides a related quantitative index to support the data relevance, to classify the abnormal states and to avoid the affect of unbalance temperature on the monitoring. The analysis results can be useful in the further study on the selecting and coordinating of the disks in the high-energy MOV banks.
Stochastic Processes Generated by Observables

Broadened or random initial conditions inject randomness into dynamical systems. When only the time evolution of the dynamical system is considered, this randomness is of a very limited kind. The time evolution of random initial conditions remains deterministic and is given by the linear Frobenius–Perron operator. This situation changes when the evolution of observables is considered which may be many-to-one functions. An initial value of the observable might then not determine uniquely the future values of this observable.
Cost Estimating for Conventional Water Treatment

The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 emphasizes the need to take costs into consideration when promulgating regulations. This paper presents cost equations that can be used for water treatment unit process cost estimating. The need for pre-design estimates is discussed, and the factors affecting the reliability of cost estimates is examined. These factors include availability of basic data, stage of development, definition of scope, the time expended on analysis, and experience of the analyst. Data for these equations were derived from a carefully designed study to establish water supply unit process costs on a consistent and understandable basis. The basis for derivation of these curves is presented. Examples of the application of these equations are developed based on a standard layout for a water supply treatment plant and assumed standard values for the input factors for the cost equations.
Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Stress in a Gas-Turbine Wheel

This paper is concerned with the development of a finite element method for the elasto-plactic analysis of a gas turbine wheel under severe thermal and mechanical loads. A computer program based upon this development has been written and checked by running sample problems for which the solutions exist in the literature. The output of the computer program gives the transient displacements and stresses for a specified set of discrete points in the structure. As an illustration of a actual application, one power turbine wheel has been analyzed by using the developed method and running the checked computer program.
Mathematical modeling to define optimum operating room staffing needs for trauma centers.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Level II trauma centers may be verified (1999, American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma) with an on-call operating room team if the performance-improvement program shows no adverse outcomes. Using queuing and simulation methodology, this study attempted to add a volume guideline. STUDY DESIGN: Data from 72 previously verified trauma centers identified multiple demographic factors, including specific information about the first trauma-related operation that was done between 11:00 pm and 7:00 am each month for 12 consecutive months. RESULTS: The annual admissions averaged 1,477 for 37 Level I trauma centers, 802 for 28 Level II trauma centers, 481 for 4 Level III trauma centers, and 731 for 3 pediatric trauma centers. The annual admissions correlated with the number of operations done between 11:00 pm and 7:00 am (p CONCLUSIONS: Trauma centers performing fewer than six operations between 11:00 pm and 7:00 am per year could conserve resources by using an immediately available on-call team, with responses monitored by the performance-improvement program.
Should we move beyond VEGF inhibition in metastatic colorectal cancer? Lessons from early phase clinical trials

Data from recent clinical trials utilizing bevacizumab or other anti-VEGF agents in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) show improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) but modest, if any, improvements in overall survival (OS). Despite modest improvements, use of bevacizumab beyond first and second progression is routinely done in clinical practice. Recently, the CORRECT trial using regorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor with VEGF inhibitory properties, reported modest improvements in PFS and OS when compared to placebo, leading to FDA approval in the third-line setting. Prior to regorafenib, heavily pre-treated patients were often enrolled onto early phase clinical trials with many of these studies reporting efficacy amongst patients with mCRC; however, a collective efficacy analysis of mCRC patients enrolled into early phase clinical trials stratified by class of agents and their mechanism of action has not been done. To assess this, we performed an analysis of efficacy and stratified these findings based on VEGF inhibition versus non-VEGF inhibition in mCRC patients enrolled onto phase I trials at our institution from 3/2004-9/2012. Similar to many reported clinical studies, our data showed that VEGF inhibitors have a statistically significant improvement in PFS when compared to non-VEGF targeting agents; however, no differences in OS were observed between these two different classes of agents. We were not able to identify predictive biomarkers that correlate with efficacy of VEGF inhibitors. This should be further explored in prospective studies in order to identify active agents in this heavily pre-treated population that improve efficacy while minimizing cost and toxicity.
Cognitive errors: thinking clearly when it could be child maltreatment

Cognitive errors have been studied in a broad array of fields, including medicine. The more that is understood about how the human mind processes complex information, the more it becomes clear that certain situations are particularly susceptible to less than optimal outcomes because of these errors. This article explores how some of the known cognitive errors may influence the diagnosis of child abuse, resulting in both false-negative and false-positive diagnoses. Suggested remedies for these errors are offered.
Presentación de la película "Luces de bohemia"

En Luces de Bohemia Valle-Inclan presenta una serie de incidentes que el protagonista, el poeta ciego Max Estrella, encuentra en su camino, casi accidentalmente. Por medio de estos incidentes Max toma conciencia, gradualmente, de cosas que anteriormente no habian atraido su atencion a causa de su continua preocupacion por lo que el piensa es su propia "tragedia".
On the Margin of the Periphery: Culture and Race in Latin America and the Caribbean

Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean, volume 1. Norman E. Whitten. Jr. and Arlene Torres, eds. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. 520 pp. Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean, volume 2. Norman E. Whitten. Jr. and Arlene Torres, eds. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. 557 pp.
A Children's Form of Your Style of Learning and Thinking: Preliminary Norms and Technical Data

The development of a children's form of your style of learning and thinking is briefly described. Equivalent forms, reliability coefficients from several samples generally proved satisfactory. Normative data for several reference groups are reported. Cautions concerning use of the scale in its present, preliminary form are provided and the scale itself presented.
Endoport-assisted surgery for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

The aim of this retrospective study is to report our initial experience with endoport-assisted microsurgical evacuation (EAME) of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). Neurosurgical intervention has not been shown to significantly improve patient outcomes after spontaneous ICH. Minimally invasive technologies, such as endoport systems, may offer a better risk to benefit profile for ICH evacuation than conventional approaches. We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent EAME of ICH from January 2013 to February 2015 using the BrainPath endoport system (NICO, Indianapolis, IN, USA). The baseline and follow-up patient and ICH characteristics were analyzed. Of the 11 patients included for analysis, seven were women (64%), and the median age was 65 years (range: 23-84). The ICH was supratentorial in nine patients (82%), and the median ICH score was 2 (range: 1-4). The median preoperative and postoperative ICH volumes were 51 cm(3) (range: 8-168) and 10 cm(3) (range: 0.4-59), respectively, with a median reduction in ICH volume of 87% (range: 38-99). The median preoperative and postoperative amounts of midline shift were 6.7 mm (range: 4.9-14.3) and 3.7 mm (range: 2.2-8.9), respectively, with a median reduction in midline shift of 38% (range: 18-61). At the 90 day follow-up, four patients (36%) were functionally independent (modified Rankin Scale 0-2). Four patients had ICH-related mortalities (36%). EAME appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for ICH. Further studies are necessary to assess the comparative effectiveness of EAME in relation to medical therapy or other interventional techniques, for the management of ICH patients.
The effect of embryological development on phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine methyltransferase and choline phosphotransferase of rabbit liver microsomes

The effect of embryological development on the two biosynthetic enzymes involved in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in liver microsomes of −12, −9, 0, +4, +14, +36 day old rabbits has been determined. The specific activity (pmol phosphatidylcholine formed/min/mg microsomal protein) of the phosphatidyletanolamine methyltransferase in the liver microsomes is very low before birth and a 33% increase at birth occurs when compared to the-12 day old fetal livers. The pmol of phosphatidylcholine formed/min/mg protein by the choline phosphotransferase pathway in fetal liver microsomes is 5, 10, 73, 199, 107 and 307 times greater than by the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway for −12, −9, 0, +4, +14, +36 day old rabbits, respectively. The specific activities of the choline phosphotransferase in the liver microsomes increased from the −12 day old fetal livers to 1.6, 19, 73, 39, 27 times for the −9, 0, +4, +14 and +36 day old animals, respectively. The choline phosphotransferase pathway in comparison to the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway is providing the major phosphatidylcholines in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum before birth and early fetal development of the rabbit.
Dynamic of Destruction: Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War – By Alan Kramer

Using a thematic approach to synthesize the study of culture and of military and political decision making in World War I, this author argues that there was a “conceptual link between cultural dest...
Comparison of mega-voltage cone-beam computed tomography prostate localization with online ultrasound and fiducial markers methods.

The online image-guided localization data from 696 ultrasound(US), 598 mega-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT), and 393 seed markers (SMs) couch alignments for patients undergoing intensity modulation radiotherapy of the prostate were analyzed. Daily US, MV-CBCT and SM images were acquired for 19, 17 and 12 patients, respectively, after each patient was immobilized in a vacuum cradle and setup to skin markers as the center of mass. The couch shifts applied in the lateral (left-right/LR), vertical (anterior-posterior/AP), and longitudinal (superior-inferior/SI) directions, along with the magnitude of the three-dimensional (3D) shift vector, were analyzed and compared for all three methods. The percentage of shifts larger than 5 mm in all directions was also compared. Clinical target volume-planning target volume (CTV-to-PTV) expansion margins were estimated based on the localization data with US, CB, and SM image guidance. Results show the US data have greater variability. Systematic and random shifts were − 1.2 ± 6.8 mm (LR), − 2.8 ± 5.1 mm (SI) and − 1.0 ± 5.9 mm (AP) for US, 1.0 ± 3.9 mm (LR), − 1.3 ± 2.5 mm (SI) and − 0.3 ± 3.9 mm (AP) for CB, and − 1.0 ± 3.4 mm (LR), 0.0 ± 3.4 mm (SI) and 0.5 ± 4.1 mm (AP) for SM. The mean 3D shift distance was larger using US ( 8.8 ± 6.2 mm ) compared to CB and SM ( 5.3 ± 3.4 mm and 5.2 ± 3.7 mm , respectively). The percentage of US shifts larger than 5 mm were 34%, 31%, and 38% in the LR, SI, and AP directions, respectively, compared to 18%, 6%, and 16% for CB and 14%, 10%, and 20% for SM. MV-CBCT and SM localization data suggest a different distribution of prostate center-of-mass shifts with smaller variability, compared to US. The online MV-CBCT and SM image-guidance data show that for treatments that do not include daily prostate localization, one can use a CTV-to-PTV margin that is 4 mm smaller than the one suggested by US data, hence allowing more rectum and bladder sparing and potentially improving the therapeutic ratio.
The Arthrotropism of Macromolecules in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rat Model: A Preliminary Study

Purpose.To study the accumulation of macromolecules into the arthritic joints and the possible applications of such phenomenon.
Unlearning as a function of the number of acquired interpolated responses

A medium-frequency response list was followed by either high- (Group H) or low- (Group L) frequency interpolated lists in an A-B, A-C, A-D paradigm. Group H acquired the greatest number of interpolated responses and recalled the least number of B responses. Except for the weak B responses of Group L, recall of a specific B response was independent of the number of interpolated responses which were associated to its stimulus.
Initiation and Evolution of Updraft Rotation within an Incipient Supercell Thunderstorm

Abstract One of the distinguishing characteristics of a supercell thunderstorm is the presence of a rotating updraft. During the past 30 years, various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the initiation and maintenance of rotation. However, attempts to verify the initiation process have been frustrated by the lack of multiple-Doppler radar measurements at the time that the first rotating updraft appears. Discussed in this paper are dual-Doppler radar measurements that successfully captured the initiation and evolution of rotation in the Agawam, Oklahoma, storm of 6 June 1979, which occurred during the storm-scale phase of the Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment (SESAME). The process leading to updraft rotation appears to follow that proposed in 1968 by Fujita and Grandoso, whereby a middle-altitude vorticity couplet formed on the downwind flanks of a strong nonrotating updraft, with cyclonic vertical vorticity on the right-forward flank and anticyclonic vertical vorticity on the left...
Shedding light on endomitosis

Endomitosis is an enigma fascinating to hematologists and cell biologists alike. Whereas aneuploidy can be associated with chromosomal instability and cancer,[1][1] megakaryocytes become polyploid in the course of terminal differentiation. In this issue of Blood , Lordier and colleagues delve
Bifid median nerve with a double compartment within the transverse carpal canal

A case is reported in which the radial half of a bifid median nerve passed through a separate compartment within the transverse carpal canal. During its passage within this compartment this portion of the nerve gave off sensory and motor branches to the thumb. The two branches of the median nerve subsequently rejoined distal to the transverse carpal ligament.
The ICPSR and Social Science Research

ABSTRACT The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a unit within the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan, is the world's largest social science data archive. The data sets in the ICPRS database give the social sciences librarian/subject specialist an opportunity of providing value-added bibliographic information. Access to the data sets is by membership in the consortium. This article gives an overview of the ICPSR database and of other services provided by the ICPSR, including sample usage statistics and reports. Research has shown that use of electronic resources, such as that provided by the data sets of the ICPSR, leads to an increase in publications by scholars. Librarians from a variety of disciplines—economics, political science, education, sociology, criminal justice, and social work—can help their researchers use the ICPSR's data sets to help further the goals of social science.