cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interplay of personal and job characteristics in determining work commitment

Abstract This study examines the interplay of personal and job characteristics as these determine work commitment, or the extent to which employees define themselves in terms of work rather than other roles. A framework which incorporates work and nonwork perspectives on attachment to work is proposed to guide analyses of the interrelationships between job conditions, individual characteristics, and work commitment. Results of moderated multiple regression analyses of data from over 4000 manufacturing employees are consistent with the proposed framework. The conditions of work-particularly the level of intrinsic rewards—strongly affect work commitment levels among many different groups of people. Yet aspects of nonwork life which reflect a strong alternative source of identity detract from relative commitment to work. There is some evidence that the personal scripts which are brought to the job through prior socialization have independent effects on work commitment as well. Significant interactions between personal and job characteristics in determining work commitment suggest that the relationships differ for people who have different personal backgrounds and different types of jobs in ways which are consistent with the theoretical framework. Taken together, the results suggest that we need more sophisticated models of the relationship between the person and the work role that account for this interplay.
Co-localization of caldesmon and calponin with cortical afferents, metabotropic glutamate and neurotrophic receptors in the lateral and central nuclei of the amygdala.

Abstract Caldesmon (Cd) and calponin (Cp) are two actin/calmodulin-binding proteins involved in ‘actin-linked’ regulation of smooth muscle and non-muscle Mg2+ actin-activated myosin II ATPase activity. However, in the brain, Cd and Cp are associated with the regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. In this study we investigated the subcellular distribution of Cd and Cp in the amygdala and their possible relationship to metabotropic glutamate (mGluR1α and 5) and TrkB receptors which interact with inputs from the cortex and are involved in associative learning. Cd and Cp immunoreactivity (IR) was mainly found in dendritic spines, along dendritic microtubules, and in neuronal perikarya but never in axon terminals. Punctate labeling representing spine labeling was restricted to small patches in the lateral nucleus of amygdala, intercalated cell masses (ICM), and the lateral subdivision of central nucleus. This restricted distribution may reflect local afferent activation. In addition, Cd, Cp, mGluR1α and cortical afferents are co-distributed in the ICM distributed in the lateral nucleus and lateral capsular division of the central nucleus, and the lateral division of the central nucleus itself. Consistent with our previous studies, TrkB IR in the central nucleus was associated with Cd and Cp-immunoreactive spines whereas mGluR1α IR and mGluR5 IR were almost exclusively associated with the PSDs of asymmetric synapses, in most cases apposed by cortical terminals. mGluR1α and TrkB immunoreactivities were invariably associated with each other. Overall, these findings suggest that caldesmon and calponin in the amygdala are closely associated with afferents and receptors that have been strongly implicated in associative learning.
Ornithine decarboxylase induction and the cytoskeleton in normal and transformed cells.

ODC induction by fresh medium added to stationary, medium-depleted, confluent cultures has been studied in transformed HeLa and CHO cells, and in normal human fibroblasts as an indicator of the resumption of cell multiplication. The transformed HeLa cell displays a more easily reversed G1 block, a higher peak ODC level, and a shorter time period for achievement of the peak ODC value than does the normal fibroblast. Low concentrations of microtubule depolymerizing agents like colchicine suppress ODC induction almost completely in the normal fibroblast, but hardly at all in the HeLa or CHO cells. Both transformed cells occasionally reveal a superinduction of ODC at very low colchicine levels (10−8-10−7 M) and a more variable response to such agents than does the normal fibroblast. Higher concentrations of colchicine suppress ODC induction in all cells. Experiments with actinomycin D and cycloheximide indicate that the principal colchicine action involves inhibition at the level of protein or mRNA synthesis, rather than inactivation of the already synthesized enzyme. These experiments are provisionally interpreted as an indication that a microtubular system is needed to reinitiate certain steps associated with growth in G1-blocked, normal cells, and that a second microtubular action terminating enzyme biosynthesis may exist. This microtubular control is defective in the transformed cells here studied. Specific microtubular actions necessary for initiation and termination of protein syntheses may occur throughout the cell reproductive cycle, and in the course of normal differentiation processes.
Ellipsometric investigation of the effect of potential on blood protein conformation and adsorbance

Abstract The possible relationship between the surface charge of an implant material and intravascular thrombosis has long been explored. In order to characterize the effect of potential on protein-surface interactions, ellipsometric measurements have been carried out in situ to determine the conformation and adsorbance of fibrinogen, γ-globulin, and serum albumin adsorbed on platinum and germanium for a range of imposed potentials. On platinum at pH 7.4, fibrinogen, γ-globulin, and serum albumin all exhibited a reproducible “onset” potential, at which enhanced adsorption occurred. The adsorbance for all three proteins was unchanged from the rest potential value as the applied potential became more anodic until the onset potential was reached. Desorption, as a result of changes in applied potential, was not observed for any protein studied. The adsorbed conformation of all three proteins changed reversibly at moderately cathodic potentials as indicated, for example, by a sharp increase in extension at −0.2 V/SCE. The extension decreased as the imposed potential became progressively anodic. Germanium was found to be unsuitable for these ellipsometric studies due to etching of the surface by the 0.15 M NaCl immersion medium.
Modeling Clear Cell Sarcomagenesis in the Mouse: cell of origin differentiation state impacts tumor characteristics

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of tendons and aponeuroses is a deadly soft-tissue malignancy resembling melanoma, with a predilection for young adults. EWS-ATF1, the fusion product of a balanced chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 22 and 12, is considered the definitional feature of the tumor. Conditional expression of the EWS-ATF1 human cDNA in the mouse generates CCS-like tumors with 100% penetrance. Tumors, developed through varied means of initiating expression of the fusion oncogene, model human CCS morphologically, immunohistochemically, and by genome-wide expression profiling. We also demonstrate that although fusion oncogene expression in later stages of differentiation can transform mesenchymal progenitor cells and generate tumors resembling CCS generally, expression in cells retaining stem cell markers permits the full melanoma-related phenotype.
Attentional Modulation of Human Pattern Discrimination Psychophysics Reproduced by a Quantitative Model

We previously proposed a quantitative model of early visual processing in primates, based on non-linearly interacting visual filters and statistically efficient decision. We now use this model to interpret the observed modulation of a range of human psychophysical thresholds with and without focal visual attention. Our model - calibrated by an automatic fitting procedure - simultaneously reproduces thresholds for four classical pattern discrimination tasks, performed while attention was engaged by another concurrent task. Our model then predicts that the seemingly complex improvements of certain thresholds, which we observed when attention was fully available for the discrimination tasks, can best be explained by a strengthening of competition among early visual filters.
Camptocormia in a patient with multiple system atrophy.

The term “camptocormia” describes a severe forward-flexed posture. Although initially used to describe a conversion disorder, early authors also recognized organic camptocormia occurring in old age, or “camptocormie senile,” as well as traumatic and arthritic camptocormia. More recently, camptocormia has been described in patients with Parkinson's disease and in an individual with parkinsonism. We describe a case of progressive camptocormia as part of the initial presentation of a patient with multiple system atrophy. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Theories and Research on Acculturation and Enculturation Experiences among Asian American Families

In this chapter, we define and discuss the concepts of acculturation and enculturation, as well as theories and research on the consequences of acculturation and enculturation for Asian American families. We also explore the roles acculturation and enculturation play on parent–child values gap and family conflict, the role of cognitive flexibility in this relationship, and clinical implications of the findings.
Use of radiation sources to provide seed electrons in high power microwave surface flashover

Delay times of high power microwave surface flashover are affected by radiation illuminating the dielectric. A controlled environment of pure Argon at a range of low pressures as compared to normal atmospheric pressure was used with 2 mW/cm2 UV-radiation illuminating the test window. Argon was chosen due to its relatively small number of processes involved such as inelastic electron collisions and due to the well-known cross-sections for these processes. Delay times in the presence of UV are significantly shorter than without UV illumination. The initial electron density contribution due the UV source is very roughly estimated to be ∼106 cm−3. A small admixture of radioactive Krypton-85 showed only marginal changes in the observed delay times, likely due to an insufficient concentration of Kr-85 producing ionization events only every few microseconds and the high energy distribution associated with the emitted electrons. A detailed discussion of experimental breakdown delay data, along with theoretical expectations and discussion of the statistically dependent mechanisms and analysis, will be given. The ultimate goal is to develop a model for HPM window breakdown in a UV environment, to describe the role of discharge initiating electrons, and to quantify breakdown at high altitudes.
Transient Expression of Progesterone Receptor Messenger RNA in Ovarian Granuiosa Cells after the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge

The ovarian steroid progesterone affects reproductive physiology by regulating the expression of specific genes in target tissues. In an attempt to address the question of whether the ovary itself is a target tissue for progesterone action, we have examined the localization and regulation of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA in the rat ovary. We used the polymerase chain reaction to clone the steroid-binding domain of the rat PR from uterine cDNA and used this as a probe to isolate a larger cDNA from a rat placental cDNA library. We used RNA filter hybridization, a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification assay, and in situ hybridization to detect PR mRNA in the rat ovary. Expression of the PR gene was initially studied in an immature animal model; 23-day-old rats were treated with either PMSG or PMSG followed by hCG. We found little or no PR mRNA in the ovaries of control or PMSG-treated animals; however, the mRNA was highly expressed in the granuiosa cells of large follic...
The One Class Support Vector Machine Solution Path

This paper applies the algorithm of Hastie et al., (2004) to the problem of learning the entire solution path of the one class support vector machine (OC-SVM) as its free parameter ν varies from 0 to 1. The OC-SVM with Gaussian kernel is a nonparametric estimator of a level set of the density governing the observed sample, with the parameter ν implicitly defining the corresponding level. Thus, the path algorithm produces estimates of all level sets and can therefore be applied to a variety of problems requiring estimation of multiple level sets including clustering, outlier ranking, minimum volume set estimation, and density estimation. The algorithm's cost is comparable to the cost of computing the OC-SVM for a single point on the path. We introduce a heuristic for enforced nestedness of the sets in the path, and present a method for kernel bandwidth selection based in minimum integrated volume, a kind of AUC criterion. These methods are illustrated on three datasets.
Home care technologies for promoting successful aging in elderly populations

Advancements in sensor, telecommunications, computer, and information technologies present opportunities for providing at-home health care and other services required by America's rapidly aging population. The HomeCare & Telerehabilitation Technology Center at The Catholic University of America has been investigating and evaluating current and emerging technologies for applications to care for elderly populations. This paper discusses a spectrum of technologies for interactive communications, physiologic monitoring, health and safety monitoring, health data collection, as well as storage and archiving. An integrated approach to combine and implement these technologies in the home environment may serve to promote successful aging in the elderly by avoiding disease, by maintaining cognitive and physical function, and by enabling lifelong engagement.
Light scattering studies of supercoiled and nicked DNA

Static and dynamic light scattering measurements were made of solutions of pGem1a plasmids (3730 base pairs) in the relaxed circular (nicked) and supercoiled forms. The static structure factor and the spectrum of decay modes in the autocorrelation function were examined in order to determine the salient differences between the behaviors of nicked DNA and supercoiled DNA. The concentrations studied are within the dilute regime, which is to say that the structure and dynamics of an isolated DNA molecule were probed. Static light scattering measurements yielded estimates for the molecular weight M, second virial coefficient A2, and radius of gyration RG. For the nicked DNA, M = (2.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(6) g/mol, A2 = (0.9 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3) mol cm3/g2, and RG = 90 +/- 3 nm were obtained. For the supercoiled DNA, M = (2.5 +/- 0.4) x 10(6) g/mol, A2 = (1.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3) mol cm3/g2, and RG = 82 +/- 2.5 nm were obtained. The static structure factors for the nicked and supercoiled DNA were found to superpose when they were scaled by the radius of gyration. The intrinsic stiffness of DNA was evident in the static light scattering data. Homodyne intensity autocorrelation functions were collected for both DNAs at several angles, or scattering vectors. At the smallest scattering vectors the probe size was comparable to the longest intramolecular distance, while at the largest scattering vectors the probe size was smaller than the persistence length of the DNA. Values of the self-diffusion coefficients D were obtained from the low-angle data. For the DNA, D = (2.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(-8) cm2/s, and for the supercoiled DNA, D = (4.11 +/- 0.21) x 10(-8) cm2/s. The contribution to the correlation function from the internal dynamics of the DNA was seen to result in a strictly bimodal decay function. The rates of the faster mode gamma int, reached plateau values at low angles. For the nicked DNA, gamma int = 2500 +/- 500 s-1, and for the supercoiled DNA, gamma int = 5000 +/- 500 s-1. These rates correspond to the slowest internal relaxation modes of the DNAs. The dependence of the relaxation rates on scattering vector was monitored with the aid of cumulants analysis and compared with theoretical predictions for the semiflexible ring molecule. The internal mode rates and the dependence of the cumulants moments reflected the difference between the nicked DNA and the supercoiled DNA dynamical behavior. The supercoiled DNA behavior seen here indicates that conformational dynamics might play a larger role in DNA behavior than is suggested by the notion of a branched interwound structure.
Reduced Early Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in CD14-Deficient Mice

Activation of Kupffer cells by gut-derived endotoxin is associated with alcohol-induced liver injury. Recently, it was shown that CD14-deficient mice are more resistant to endotoxin-induced shock than wild-type controls. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the role of CD14 receptors in early alcohol-induced liver injury using CD14 knockout and wild-type BALB/c mice in a model of enteral ethanol delivery. Animals were given a high-fat liquid diet continuously with ethanol or isocaloric maltose-dextrin as control for 4 wk. The liver to body weight ratio in wild-type mice (5.8 ± 0.3%) was increased significantly by ethanol (7.3 ± 0.2%) but was not altered by ethanol in CD14-deficient mice. Ethanol elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels nearly 3-fold in wild-type mice, but not in CD14-deficient mice. Wild-type and knockout mice given the control high-fat diet had normal liver histology, whereas ethanol caused severe liver injury (steatosis, inflammation, and necrosis; pathology score = 3.8 ± 0.4). In contrast, CD14-deficient mice given ethanol showed minimal hepatic changes (score = 1.6 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). Additionally, NF-κB, TGF-β, and TNF-α were increased significantly in wild-type mice fed ethanol but not in the CD14 knockout. Thus, chronic ethanol feeding caused more severe liver injury in wild-type than CD14 knockouts, supporting the hypothesis that endotoxin acting via CD14 plays a major role in the development of early alcohol-induced liver injury.
Replication protein A and γ-H2AX foci assembly is triggered by cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks

Human replication protein A (RPA p34), a crucial component of diverse DNA excision repair pathways, is implicated in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. To evaluate its role in DSB repair, the intranuclear dynamics of RPA was investigated after DNA damage and replication blockage in human cells. Using two different agents [ionizing radiation (IR) and hydroxyurea (HU)] to generate DSBs, we found that RPA relocated into distinct nuclear foci and colocalized with a well-known DSB binding factor, gamma-H2AX, at the sites of DNA damage in a time-dependent manner. Colocalization of RPA and gamma-H2AX foci peaked at 2 h after IR treatment and subsequently declined with increasing postrecovery times. The time course of RPA and gamma-H2AX foci association correlated well with the DSB repair activity detected by a neutral comet assay. A phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, completely abolished both RPA and gamma-H2AX foci formation triggered by IR. Additionally, radiosensitive ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells harboring mutations in ATM gene product were found to be deficient in RPA and gamma-H2AX colocalization after IR. Transfection of AT cells with ATM cDNA fully restored the association of RPA foci with gamma-H2AX illustrating the requirement of ATM gene product for this process. The exact coincidence of RPA and gamma-H2AX in response to HU specifically in S-phase cells supports their role in DNA replication checkpoint control. Depletion of RPA by small interfering RNA (SiRNA) substantially elevated the frequencies of IR-induced micronuclei (MN) and apoptosis in human cells suggestive of a role for RPA in DSB repair. We propose that RPA in association with gamma-H2AX contributes to both DNA damage checkpoint control and repair in response to strand breaks and stalled replication forks in human cells.
The continuum of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease : Challenges and opportunities for chronic peritoneal dialysis in the United States

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing renal replacement therapy have a high mortality rate and suffer from considerable morbidity. Degree of nutritional decline, disordered mineral metabolism, and vascular calcification are some of the abnormalities that predict an adverse outcome for ESRD patients. All these abnormalities begin early during the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), long before the need for maintenance dialysis. Thus, CKD represents a continuum of metabolic and vascular abnormalities. Treatment of these abnormalities early during the course of CKD and a timely initiation of dialysis have the potential of improving patient outcomes. However, the thesis that successful management of these abnormalities will favorably modify the outcomes of dialysis patients remains untested. The proportion of incident USA ESRD patients starting chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) has historically been low. Limited physician training and inadequate predialysis patient education appear to underlie the low CPD take-on in the USA. Furthermore, two key changes have occurred in the USA: steep decline in CPD take-on and progressive increase in the use of automated peritoneal dialysis. The decline in CPD take-on has afflicted virtually every subgroup examined and has occurred, paradoxically, when the CPD outcomes in the country have improved. Understanding the reasons for historically low CPD take-on and recent steep declines in utilization may allow the development of plans to reverse these trends.
Housing Changes and Moves into Supportive Housing Among Adults with Disabilities

About one fifth of the adult population with disabilities living in the community moved during a 12-to 24-month period between 1994 and 1996. This article examines the extent to which the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was associated with these moves. Data are from the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the 1994-1995 Supplement on Disability, and the Disability Followback Survey. Analyses controlled for gender, income, living alone, racelethnicity, health status, and selected mental conditions. Decreased IADL ability had little association with the likelihood of moving, whereas increased difficulty with the ADL tasks of bathing, dressing, eating, and toileting generally increased this likelihood. These effects were more evident among those age 65+ than among those ages 18 to 64, and more common among house than apartment residents. For older persons, increases in ADL difficulties were associated with moves into support...
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NITRO GROUP ON THE DISSOCIATIONS OF SOME AROMATIC ACIDS AND BASES IN THEIR LOWEST EXCITED TRIPLET STATES

— –Estimation of lowest excited triplet and singlet state dissociation constants of some nitro-aromatic acids and bases, from shifts in their phosphorescence and absorption spectra, respectively, indicate that intramolecular charge transfer to the nitro group is much more important in the lowest excited singlet state than in the ground or lowest excited triplet states. As a result, the effect of a nitro group on the acidity of the lowest excited singlet state of an acid or base is more exaggerated than that on the ground or lowest excited triplet state of the same compound. Furthermore, the basicity of the nitro group is greatly enhanced in the lowest excited singlet state. On this basis the increased rate of photoreduction of nitrobenzene in acidic solutions is found to be thermodynamically unfeasible in the lowest excited triplet state. Although the reaction is thermodynamically feasible in the lowest excited singlet state, the short lifetime of that state may make the reaction kinetically unfeasible. Rate-Hammett acidity profiles are therefore inadequate to alone establish the mechanism of photoreduction of nitrobenzene.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer: A Good Concept But Where’s the Proof?

Cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for locally advanced (T3/T4, N+) bladder cancer is associated with high rates of disease recurrence and death. In an effort to improve the outlook for patients with this disease, postoperative chemotherapy has been investigated. Using cisplatin-based combinations which are shown to be safe and effective in the metastatic setting, this strategy permits selection and treatment of patients at highest risk for disease recurrence and death, based on findings at the time of surgery. But despite the high prevalence of bladder cancer, studies of adjuvant chemotherapy to date incorporate fewer than 500 patients altogether, and provide insufficient statistical power to show a survival benefit. Furthermore, the clinical significance of a demonstrated improvement in disease-free survival is uncertain given the ability of chemotherapy to salvage some patients at relapse. Although adjuvant chemotherapy is conceptually attractive, enrollment in ongoing clinical trials is needed to identify whether adjuvant chemotherapy cures more patients than surgery alone for locally advanced bladder cancer.
Modern Pharma Ceutical Development

(1974). Modern Pharma Ceutical Development. Drug Development Communications: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-27.
Standard Percent DNA Sequence Difference for Insects Does Not Predict Species Boundaries

Diagnosis and assessment of species boundaries of economically important insects are often problematic because of limited morphological and/or biological characters. DNA data can help to identify and revise species. Nonoverlapping intra- and interspecific sequence divergences are often used as evidence for species. Thus, the establishment of a standardized percent nucleotide divergence to predict species boundaries would aid in cases where species status is suspect. However, given variation in nucleotide mutation rates and species concepts, association between a standard percent sequence divergence and species is questionable. This review surveys the percent DNA sequence difference found between sister-species of economically important insects, to assess whether a standard divergence associates with all taxa. Sixty-two comparisons of intra- and interspecific pairwise DNA differences were made for mitochondrial and nuclear loci spanning families of Isoptera, Phthiraptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Intra- and interspecific sequence divergences varied widely among insects, 0.04–26.0 and 1.0–30.7%, respectively. The ranges of intra- and interspecific sequence divergences overlapped in 28 of 62 comparisons. This implies that a standardized percent sequence divergence would fail to correctly diagnose species for 45% of the cases. Common occurrence of nonmonophyly among closely related species probably explains this observation. Nonmonophyly and overlap of intra- and interspecific divergences were significantly associated. The reviewed studies suggest that a standard percent sequence divergence does not predict species boundaries among economically important insects. DNA data can help best to predict species boundaries via its inclusion in nonphenetic phylogenetic analysis and subsequent systematic expert scrutiny.
The effect of four modes of reading on children's comprehension

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine which of four modes of reading (oral reading to an audience, oral reading to oneself, silent reading, silent reading while listening) best facilitates children's comprehension. Another purpose was to determine whether the modes of reading have a differential effect on readers of different ability and/or gender. Forty‐eight fifth‐grade students of varying reading ability read an expository passage of approximately 600 words in each of the four modes and answered three types of comprehension questions: literal, inferential, and application. The results suggested that comparable comprehension may be expected when students read orally to themselves or read silently. Moreover, these elementary‐aged students, unlike previously studied college students, had similar levels of comprehension when reading orally to themselves and reading to an audience. Good readers seemed to be negatively affected by the reading while listening task while the average and poor read...
Microcystin Detected in Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus)

Abstract Recent studies documented the potential transfer of microcystin, a hepatotoxin produced by some cyanobacteria, from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we measured microcystins in emergent Hexagenia limbata mayflies and fecal samples collected from a maternity colony of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) located adjacent to a Michigan (U.S.A.) lake that experiences seasonal blooms of toxicogenic Microcystis aeruginosa. All H. limbata and M. lucifugus fecal samples contained microcystin (H. limbata: mean = 293.88 ng/g dw ± 35.99 se, n = 39; M. lucifugus: mean = 262.10 ng/g dw ± 31.08 se, n = 20). Ingestion of this toxin may represent a previously unrecognized stressor on bat populations in this region.
Electronic Health Record Adoption and Rates of In-hospital Adverse Events.

Objective Nationwide initiatives have focused on improving patient safety through greater use of health information technology. We examined the association of hospitals' electronic health record (EHR) adoption and occurrence rates of adverse events among exposed patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient discharges using data from the 2012 and 2013 Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System. The sample included patients age 18 and older that were hospitalized for one of 3 conditions: acute cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, or conditions requiring surgery. The main outcome measures were in-hospital adverse events, including hospital-acquired infections, adverse drug events (based on selected medications), general events, and postprocedural events. Adverse event rates and patient exposure to a fully electronic EHR were determined through chart abstraction. Results Among the 45,235 patients who were at risk for 347,281 adverse events in the study sample, the occurrence rate of adverse events was 2.3%, and 13.0% of patients were exposed to a fully electronic EHR. In multivariate modeling adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, patient exposure to a fully electronic EHR was associated with 17% to 30% lower odds of any adverse event for cardiovascular (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.90), pneumonia (OR, 0.70; CI, 0.62-0.80), and surgery (OR, 0.83; CI, 0.72-0.96) patients. The associations of EHR adoption and adverse events varied by event type and by medical condition. Conclusions Cardiovascular, pneumonia, and surgery patients exposed to a fully electronic EHR were less likely to experience in-hospital adverse events.
Visitor characteristics and alcohol-based hand sanitizer dispenser locations at the hospital entrance: Effect on visitor use rates

Background Hospital visitors' hand hygiene (HH) is an important aspect of preventing health care-associated infections, but little is known about visitors' use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (AHS). The study aim was to examine if use of AHS is influenced by visitor characteristics and the location of AHS within the lobby of a large hospital. Methods An observational study was conducted with AHS placed in 3 different locations. The data included visitor characteristics and if AHS were used. Results The results suggest that visitors are 5.28 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.68-7.82) more likely to use AHS when dispensers are located in the middle of the lobby with limited landmarks or barriers, 1.35 times more likely to use the AHS in the afternoon compared with the morning, or when they are younger visitors (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.09-1.97). Individuals in a group are more likely (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06-1.84) to use AHS. Discussion In addition to location, time of day, and age, there is a group effect that results in visitors being more likely to use AHS when in a group. The increased use related to groups may serve as a mechanism to encourage visitor HH. Conclusions The results suggest future research opportunities to investigate the effect of group dynamics and social pressure on visitor AHS use and to identify strategies for improving visitor HH.
Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet.

Twelve adult patients who had been treated for talipes equinovarus were studied. A flat-top talus was found in all of the twenty ankles involved. The mean age of the patients was forty-two years. All patients had a measurably decreased range of motion in the ankle, but it caused them little or no pain. Only one patient had significant pain and limitation of activity.
Aging into Perceptual Control: A Dynamic Causal Modeling for fMRI Study of Bistable Perception

Aging is accompanied by stereotyped changes in functional brain activations, for example a cortical shift in activity patterns from posterior to anterior regions is one hallmark revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of aging cognition. Whether these neuronal effects of aging could potentially contribute to an amelioration of or resistance to the cognitive symptoms associated with psychopathology remains to be explored. We used a visual illusion paradigm to address whether aging affects the cortical control of perceptual beliefs and biases. Our aim was to understand the effective connectivity associated with volitional control of ambiguous visual stimuli and to test whether greater top-down control of early visual networks emerged with advancing age. Using a bias training paradigm for ambiguous images we found that older participants (n = 16) resisted experimenter-induced visual bias compared to a younger cohort (n = 14) and that this resistance was associated with greater activity in prefrontal and temporal cortices. By applying Dynamic Causal Models for fMRI we uncovered a selective recruitment of top-down connections from the middle temporal to Lingual gyrus (LIN) by the older cohort during the perceptual switch decision following bias training. In contrast, our younger cohort did not exhibit any consistent connectivity effects but instead showed a loss of driving inputs to orbitofrontal sources following training. These findings suggest that perceptual beliefs are more readily controlled by top-down strategies in older adults and introduce age-dependent neural mechanisms that may be important for understanding aberrant belief states associated with psychopathology.
Solid contact ion-selective electrodes with a well-controlled Co(II)/Co(III) redox buffer layer.

Solid contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) typically have an intermediate layer between the ion-selective membrane and the underlying solid electron conductor that is designed to reduce the irreproducibility and instability of the measured electromotive force (emf). Nevertheless, the electrode-to-electrode reproducibility of the emf of current solid contact ISEs is widely considered to be unsatisfactory. To address this problem, we report here a new method of constructing this intermediate layer based on the lipophilic redox buffer consisting of the Co(III) and Co(II) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline ([Co(phen)3]3+/2+) paired with tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate as counterion. The resulting electrodes exhibit emf values with an electrode-to-electrode standard deviation as low as 1.7 mV after conditioning of freshly prepared electrodes for 1 h. While many prior examples of solid contact ISEs also used intermediate layers that contained redox active species, the selection of a balanced ratio of the red...
An estimate for the order of rational matrices

In this note we prove what we believe to be a new result concerning matrices, namely, that if an n × n matrix with rational entries has a finite order then this order is bounded. We also give an estimate for this bound and an application.
Large Scale Gust Generation for Small Scale Wind Tunnel Testing of Atmospheric Turbulence

Modern technology operating in the atmospheric boundary layer could benet from more accurate wind tunnel testing. While scaled atmospheric boundary layer tunnels have been in existence for quite some time, tunnels replicating portions of the turbulence of the atmospheric boundary layer at full scale are a comparatively new concept. Testing at fullscale Reynolds numbers with full-scale turbulence is desired as this method represents the most accurate way to compare to real world conditions. Many programs could utilize such a tool including that of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) and other unmanned aircraft, the wind energy industry, fuel ecient vehicles, and the study of bird and insect ight. Furthermore, this type of tunnel would expand the capabilities of computational uid dynamic tools by providing better validation cases to compare to. Construction of an active \gust generator" is reviewed and the turbulence it generates is measured utilizing single and cross hot wires. Measurement and analysis techniques are compared with a historic passive grid test for validation. Results from this grid are compared to atmospheric turbulence.
Analyzes Wearing Resistance Affected by Fit Clearance of Crosshead Friction Pair

In order to solve the wear serious between the crosshead in the drive part of the BWY-220/9 mud pump and slide friction pair,caused the lubricant serious pollution,lead to the drive part of the mud pump fever.This paper analyses the contact stress in different gap of friction pair by finite element analysis,according to the results of the analysis,new crossheads and bushes are machined.The experimental results show that the new friction pair can effectively reduce the wear of the crosshead,solve the heating problem of the driver part and extend the service life of the crosshead friction pair.
Simulations of Subcellular Heterogeneity in Calcium Blink Kinetics

In cardiac myocytes, calcium (Ca2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) depends on local calcium concentrations in both the cytosol and the SR. The local dynamics of SR Ca2+ depletion have been visualized experimentally through the recording of Ca2+ “blinks.” Specifically, it has been shown that blink nadir is relatively reproducible between local Ca2+ release sites whereas blink recovery kinetics are highly variable. We applied a spatially-detailed, stochastic mathematical model to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying this heterogeneity.Novel features of our model include: (1) calculation of Ca2+ fluxes between locations within the junctional SR (JSR) and dyadic spaces; (2) variable numbers and locations of connections between the JSR and the SR network; (3) variable and irregular clusters of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels in the JSR membrane; (4) spatially-defined localization of SR Ca2+ pumps (SERCA) in JSR and network SR membranes. Using this model, we investigated how different parameters influenced Ca2+ blink amplitude and kinetics. From these simulations we determined that the number of connections between the JSR and the SR network was the most important parameter controlling Ca2+ blink recovery kinetics. For instance, 80% recovery of pre-release JSR [Ca2+] decreased from 400 ms with 1 connection to 125 ms with 5 connections.SERCA density also influenced Ca2+ blink recovery, but the quantitative strength of this effect was relatively smaller (126 ms at nominal SERCA versus 209 ms with SERCA reduced by 80%). The remaining model parameters had only minor effects on blink kinetics. These results indicate the importance of SR Ca2+ diffusion in release kinetics and suggest mechanisms underlying Ca2+ blink heterogeneity.
Parasitic power harvesting in shoes

As the power requirements for microelectronics continue decreasing, environmental energy sources can begin to replace batteries in certain wearable subsystems. In this spirit, this paper examines three different devices that can be built into a shoe, (where excess energy is readily harvested) and used for generating electrical power "parasitically" while walking. Two of these are piezoelectric in nature: a unimorph strip made from piezoceramic composite material and a stave made from a multilayer laminate of PVDF foil. The third is a shoe-mounted rotary magnetic generator. Test results are given for these systems, their relative merits and compromises are discussed, and suggestions are proposed for improvements and potential applications in wearable systems. As a self-powered application example, a system had been built around the piezoelectric shoes that periodically broadcasts a digital RFID as the bearer walks.
Investigation of the nutrition status of the focus groups of iodine deficiency in coastal areas in Guangxi in 2008

Objective To investigate the nutrition status of the focus groups of iodine deficiency in the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi in 2008 to propose corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods In the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi,including Haicheng,Tieshangang,Yinhai districts and Hepu county in Beihai city,Qinnan district in Qinzhou city,the rates of iodized salt coverage,qualified iodized salt and consumption of qualified iodized salt had always been below the average level of Guangxi.In the study,6 towns were randomly picked in Hepu district,and 3 towns were randomly picked in each of the other 4 coastal counties(districts).Two administrative viRages were randomly picked in each town.Forty children ages 8 to 10 and 10 women of child-beating age from 18 to 42 which included 5 pregnant and lactating women,were picked from each administrative village.Arsenic-cerium catalyzed spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006)Was used to determine the urinary iodine.Results In total,1437 urine samples of the children Were picked.The median of the children's urinary iodine Was 191.0μg/L,with 1.4%(20/1437)of the children's urinary iodine<20 μg/L,and 5.4%(77/1437)<50 μg/L, and 20.3%(292/1437) < 100 μg/L. The medians of the children's urinary iodine were 134.5 - 220.0 μg/L.In Haicheng and Hepu, the medians of the children's urinary iodine were higher than 200 μg/L(220.0,209.5 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the children's urinary iodine in the other 3 counties(districts) were within the suitable range between 100 and 200 μg/L(134.5,162.4,199.3 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the 8- and 9-year-old ehildren's urinary iodine (192.3,206.7 μg/L, respectively) were higher than that of the 10-year-old children's(157.2 μg/L, χ2 = 19.644,41.997, all P < 0.017). Totally, 365 urine samples of the women were picked.The medians of the women's urinary iodine in the 5 counties were 88.2 - 195.6 μg/L, with 195.6 μg/L in Haicheng and 156.5 μg/L in Hepu, and 88.2 μg/L in Tieshangang, which was the lowest and below 100 μg/L. The median of the childbearing-age women's urinary iodine was the highest(152.6 μg/L). The median of the lactating women's urinary iodine was the second (131.9 μg/L). The median of the pregnant women's urinary iodine was the lowest (89.4 μg/L) and below 100 μg/L. Only 6.7%(2/30) of the pregnant women's urinary iodine were within the suitable range between 150 and 250 μg,/L. Conclusions In the 5 coastal counties(districts) in Guangxi, 8 to 10-year-old children had good nutrition levels while childbearing-age and lactating women were within the suitable range. As a whole, the pregnant women had insufficient iodine nutrition. We propose that the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women is monitored routinely, with further prevention, control measures, health publicity and education necessary to improve iodized salt coverage. Key words: Iodine; Deficiency diseases; Urine; Salts; Outcome assessment
The Historical Improvement of the School Psychology Service Ratio: Implications for Future Employment.

A historical summary of estimated ratios of psychologists to school children for the years 1914 through 1986 is presented. The data provide a framework within which to judge the growth of the profe...
Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy for older women with early hormone-receptor positive breast cancer.

6096 Background: Radiation therapy (XRT) following breast conserving surgery decreases local recurrence at the expense of additional morbidity and treatment costs. However, its utility in elderly w...
Transitions between 4-intersection values of planar regions

If A(t) and B(t) are subsets of the Euclidean plane which are continuously morphing, we investigate the question of whether they may morph directly from being disjoint to overlapping so that the boundary and interior of A(t) both intersect the boundary and interior of B(t) without first passing through a state in which only their boundaries intersect. More generally, we consider which 4-intersection values---binary 4-tuples specifying whether the boundary and interior of A(t) intersect the boundary and interior of B(t)---are adjacent to which in the sense that one may morph into the other without passing through a third value. The answers depend on what forms the regions A(t) and B(t) are allowed to assume and on the definition of continuous morphing of the sets.
Improving the queue size and delay performance with the I-CSMA link scheduling algorithm

Abstract In a prior work, we proposed a new CSMA-like randomized link scheduling algorithm for wireless networks, called I-CSMA, based on a modified version of the Ising model in physics. I-CSMA is a generalization of earlier Glauber-dynamics-based algorithms, and it was shown to be throughput-optimal. In this paper, we evaluate the queue size/delay performance of I-CSMA. The simulation results show that, while maintaining throughput-optimality, I-CSMA gives better queue-size/delay performance than the popular Q-CSMA algorithm. The improvement is significant and consistent, particularly in the regime of low to moderately high traffic intensity. We analyze the control overhead of I-CSMA, discuss parameter tuning for the algorithm, and show the effects of parameter tuning with simulation results. We also propose a simpler, heuristic I-CSMA algorithm and show that it has similar performance as I-CSMA. To make I-CSMA immediately useful, we provide a device-based implementation of the I-CSMA algorithm as a reference implementation.
Estimating the Causal Effect of Low Levels of Fine Particulate Matter on Hospitalization.

Background:In 2012, the EPA enacted more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Few studies have characterized the health effects of air pollution levels lower than the most recent NAAQS for long-term exposure to PM2.5 (now 12 μg/m3).Methods:We
Ecological momentary assessment and first smoking cessation lapse after an acute cardiac event: A pilot study.

This 28-day pilot study assessed the feasibility of cell phone ecological momentary assessment in 40 smokers who received emergency department evaluations for acute coronary syndrome. Ecological mo...
Visualizing causes and effects of California sea lion unusual mortality event (UME)

This paper introduces our project Causes and Effects, which visualizes California sea lion unusual mortality events (UME) to create a new layer of understanding of the situation as an important environmental issue. It examines the causes of and impacts on sea lion UME by controlling multivariate factors that impact sea lions' health and stranding. Previous visualizations for sea lion mortality only captured temporal data and the relationship between causes and effects using simple graphs. However, sea lion UME results from multiple causes and it requires multivariate visualization to establish clear solutions for future results. The resulting images of our visualization allow users to explore how environmental factors impact the lives and situations of sea lions.
Therapeutic Clues from an Integrated Omic Assessment of East Asian Triple Negative Breast Cancers.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Jiang et al. report a genomic and transcriptional analysis of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) from an East Asian population. Their study shows minor differences with published studies of European and North American populations and suggests a therapeutic decision tree for treatment of TNBC.