cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An unusual cardiac mass shown by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

A 49-YEAR-OLD man with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and three prior myocardial infarctions (MIs) was admitted to an outside hospital with the recent onset of unstable angina. A coronary anglogram demonstrated an 80% mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion, an 80% first diagonal occlusion, a subtotal circumflex occlusion, and moderate right coronary artery (RCA) disease. The left ventriculogram showed regional left ventrlcular dysfunction, and the electrocardiogram demonstrated an old inferior wall MI and new lateral wall ischemia. After an acute MI was ruled out, the patient was treated with intravenous heparin and nitroglycerin and transferred to this institution for surgical revascularization. Anesthetic induction was uneventful and baseline hemodynamic parameters were within normal limits. Routine biplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) exammation after induction showed an unusual structure m the four-chamber long-axis view (Fig 1). Color Doppler imaging showed minimal to no flow within this structure. What is this lesion?
Patch Closure of Aortic Annulus Mycotic Aneurysms

Twenty-three patients with bacterial endocarditis and mycotic aneurysms of the aortic annulus were treated between 1978 and 1985. There were 18 men and 5 women ranging from 24 to 72 years old. All patients had congestive heart failure and positive blood cultures as a complication of the endocarditis and were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. The aneurysm complicated late prosthetic valve endocarditis in 7 patients and native valve endocarditis in 16. The most common infecting organisms were streptococci (12 patients) and staphylococci (7 patients). The noncoronary sinus was the most frequent site for aneurysm formation. Following debridement of the abscess cavity, the orifice of the aneurysm was closed with a patch of Dacron in 20 patients and autologous pericardium in 3. A prosthetic valve (18 bioprosthetic and 5 mechanical) was secured to the noninfected portion of the native annulus and to the patch at the level of annulus. There were 3 deaths, 1 perioperative and 2 late, each without evidence of residual infection or aortic insufficiency. There are 20 late survivors (87%). After a mean follow-up of 1 year, all patients are in NYHA Functional Class I. Patch closure of mycotic aneurysms involving the aortic annulus permits aggressive debridement of the abscess cavity and affords closure of the orifice without tension. The prosthetic valve can be seated at the level of the native annulus, thus avoiding complicated reconstructive procedures of the aortic root and coronary arteries. This technique is an effective alternative in selected cases of mycotic aneurysms involving the aortic annulus.
Conspiracy, history, and therapy at a Berlin Stammtisch

In this article, I analyze conspiratorial knowledge in discussions of East German politics and history around a Berlin Stammtisch (regulars' table). The Stammtisch is a venerable, mostly masculine institution of German political culture that defines an intimate fraternal space within which social knowledge and political judgments are articulated, negotiated, and contested. Here, I am particularly interested in how talk of the “covert agencies” and “hidden relations” operating behind the scenes of political life in East Germany merged with more general and contemporary concerns about the relationship of Germanness to history. Whereas other anthropologists have emphasized the importance of conspiratorial knowledge as a mode of revealing otherwise obscure social and historical forces, I show how, in this context, conspiratorial knowledge operates in a different way to displace, dampen, or interrupt associations of contemporary Germanness with an imagined cultural inheritance of authoritarianism.
PRODUCTION OF CARBON 14 BY SOLAR PROTONS

The rate of production of carbon-14 by interaction of solar-proton- produced neutrons with atmospheric nitrogen is calculated for the period 1956-61. A time-average production rate of 0.05 to 0.l2 carbon-14 atoms cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/, less than 5 per cent of the rate of production by galactic cosmic-ray neutrons, is obtained. Solar particle radiation of the intensity observed during the last solar cycle increases the neutron flux at high altitudes by more than an order or magnitude for shont periods but does not significantly affect the atmospheric reservoir of carbon-14. (auth)
Efficacy and Toxicity of Paclitaxel (Taxol) for the Treatment of Canine Malignant Tumors

Paclitaxel (Taxol) was administered to 25 dogs with histologically confirmed malignant tumors at a dosage of 165 mg/m2 i.v. over 3-6 hours every 3 weeks. Dogs received premedication with antihistimines and corticosteroids to reduce hypersensitivity reactions. However, 64% of the dogs still experienced allergic reactions. Six dogs (24%) had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 6 dogs (24%) required hospitalization and 3 dogs (12%) died of sepsis. Five dogs (20%) had a partial response (osteosarcoma [2 dogs] mammary carcinoma [2 dogs] and malignant histiocytosis [1 dog]) for a median duration of 53 days. The overall toxicity was unacceptable at the 165 mg/m2 dose. Therefore, subsequent evaluations of paclitaxel in tumor-bearing dogs should a starting dose of 132 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks.
Impairment of erythropoiesis by irradiation.

THERE is much evidence that erythropoiesis is regulated by at least one humoral factor, erythropoietin1, the chemical composition of which is considered to be that of a glycoprotein2. Investigations indicate that this hormone induces erythrocyte production by stimulating differentiation of primitive cells of the reticulum3–5.
A sociology of the periphery versus a peripheral sociology : Rural sociology and the dimension of space

Abstract Rural sociology is intrinsically concerned with the spatial dimensions of social life. However, this underlying research tradition, particularly the use of space as a research strategy, has been insufficiently addressed and its contributions to general sociology are little recognized. I outline how concern with space, uneven development, and the social relationships of peripheral settings have provided substantive boundary and conceptual meaning to rural sociology, propelled its evolution, and left it with a legacy of strengths, weaknesses, and challenges. A willingness to tackle the dimension of space and the thorny problems it raises often sets rural sociologists apart from other sociologists. This research tradition contrasted with general sociology's concern with developing generalization, aspatial covering laws, and proto-typical relationships of modern or Fordist development settings. Conceptual openings have left sociologists questioning their past agenda. Coupled with the “creative marginality” inherent in the questions and contexts addressed by rural sociologists, this makes the subfield central to contemporary sociology.
Parental influences on substance use: gender differences and stage theory.

The relationship between perceived parental drug use and offspring drug use was investigated. The subjects, 106 UCLA undergraduates, were evenly divided between psychoactive mushroom users and nonusers who completed a questionnaire regarding social and subjective aspects of drug use, including parental drug use. The data were analyzed using modern psychometric scaling techniques, including multidimensional unfolding and principal component analysis of qualitative variables (PRINQUAL). These techniques are advocated as preferable to discriminant analysis when variables, such as perceived parental use of different drugs, are highly correlated. Men's use of drugs was relatively independent of perceived parental drug use while women's use of drugs was strongly related to perceived parental usage. Guttman scaling and PRINQUAL analysis of the types of drugs indicate that the use of cocaine has changed since Kandel and Faust suggested the stage theory of adolescent drug use and that cocaine use has developed pat...
Kinetics for the transition between cis- and trans-helices in poly-L-proline.

The kinetics for the cis-trans isomerization of long-chain poly-L-proline has been studied as a function of pressure, temperature, and solvent composition in the acetic acid + n-propanol solvent system. Our complete kinetic curves were fitted by Monte Carlo techniques, and rate constants for nucleation, growth, and termination were estimated. It was found that for the formation of a cis-helix, high pressure, low temperature, and increased acetic acid content of the solvent, lowered the rate of nucleation relative to growth. The inverse seems to be t rue for the formation of a trans-helix. Molecular models suggest that this behavior of the kinetic constants can be due to the exposure of peptide units to solvent in the transition state for trans nucleation, and the burying of peptide units in the transition state for cis nucleation. It is further suggested from our analysis of complete kinetic curves that at least one of the assumptions usually made in the analysis of relaxation kinetics is invalid for poly-L-proline.
Biomechanics of Temporo-Parietal Skull Fracture From Blunt Ballistic Impact

The majority of engineering studies that quantify the biomechanical tolerance of the human skull to blunt impacts have been focused primarily on replicating automotive-related trauma [1]. Relatively little biomechanical data exists on skull fracture tolerance due to impacts with small surface area objects moving at high velocity, previously defined as blunt, ballistic impacts [2]. These impacts can occur with the deployment of less-lethal kinetic energy munitions that are now available to police and military personnel. The goal of less-lethal munitions is to impart sufficient force to a subject to deter uncivil, or hazardous, behavior with minimal risk for serious or fatal injury. A basic understanding of human biomechanical response and tolerance to blunt ballistic impact is needed for all areas of the human body in order to guide the design of such munitions. Law enforcement are trained to direct such munitions away from the head and at body regions such as the legs, however impacts to the head have occurred [3]. Previous research efforts have investigated facial impact tolerance to blunt ballistic impacts [4] however data regarding the temporo-parietal region are lacking. The goal of this research project is to provide basic bone strain data on temporo-parietal skull fracture for the purpose of developing finite element models of the human skull and fracture criterion for future study of blunt ballistic head impact.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
On the rocking complex response of ancient multispondyle columns: a genious and challenging structural system requiring reliable solution

The dynamic analysis of the heighly complex problem of rocking instablity of free-stand- ing statues on the top of ancient multispondyle columns under ground motion is thoroughly discussed. As shown an exact analysis of this problem is impossible due to insuperable computational difficul- ties for evaluating the loss of energy between spon- dyles in connection with the extremely large number of differential equations of motion. Thus, a viscoelas- tic monolithic column with loss of energy equivalent to that of the multispondyle column is proposed. The solution of such a monolithic column together with its uniqueness is properly established. This work based on an analytic approach supplemented by experimen- tal data gives the best approximate solution which can be obtained for this yet unsolved problem.
Q-band studies of the ESR signal in tooth enamel

Abstract Tooth enamel is one of the most promising materials for electron spin resonance (ESR) dating because the X-band signal is large, easy to measure, and extremely stable. The mean lifetime at ambient temperature has been measured greater than the age of the Earth! However, the X-band spectrum in fossil teeth is, in fact, a composite of two signals that can be resolved if the sample is examined in the Q-band region. The relative size of the two signals appears to be a function of degree of fossilization; older teeth have a better-defined second signal. A study of the dependence of these signals on radiation dose, microwave power, and temperature strongly suggests that both signals are located in the hydroxyapatite crystal structures. As such, then, the X-band spectrum, measured at moderate modulation amplitude, is suitable for determining the age of fossil teeth.
Hungnam and the Japanese atomic bomb: Recent historiography of a postwar Myth

Since 1946, journalists in the US have alleged that Japanese scientists successfully built and tested an atomic bomb hear the city of Hungnam, Korea, during the closing days of World War II. Based upon reports from US military intelligence investigations conducted after the war, as well as from Japanese corporate histories and memoirs, the present essay attempts to dispel the myth of Japans atomic bomb by providing a detailed examination of the events that occurred in Hungnam in the final days of the war. Reasons for the endurance of the myth in the historiography of modern Japan are also considered.
Late Holocene faulting and earthquake recurrence in the Reelfoot Lake area, northwestern Tennessee

Faults, folds, and sand dikes have been identified in late Holocene sediments exposed in an exploratory trench excavated across Reelfoot scarp in northwestern Tennessee. In excess of 3 m of vertical displacement believed to be of deep-seated origin occurs across a 0.5-m-wide zone of east-dipping normal faults near the scarp base. The zone includes the only faults of probable tectonic origin known to cut Holocene sediments in the upper Mississippi embayment. Stratigraphic and geomorphic relationships suggest, however, that little (<0.5 m) or no near-surface fault movement occurred across the zone during the high-magnitude New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–1812. Numerous faults having only minor displacements were mapped elsewhere in the trench. Geologic relationships between the faults and sand dikes indicate that the faults formed contemporaneously with the dikes during high-magnitude earthquakes. Crosscutting geologic features and local geomorphic history suggest that at least two periods of faulting predate sediments deposited before A.D. 1800. Thus historical data and the sediments in the trench record a history of three earthquakes near the trench site strong enough to liquefy sediments and generate faulting. Carbon-14 dates obtained on fresh-water shells indicate that the trench sediments have a maximum age of about 2,000 radiocarbon years. A recurrence interval of ∼ 600 yr or less is suggested for large earthquakes in the New Madrid area.
Thermal disrotatory electrocyclic isomerization of cis-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-7-ene to cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene.

The ratio of observed rate constants, k/k‘, for thermal isomerizations of cis-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-7-ene and its 2,2,5,5-d4 analogue to cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadienes at 250 °C is 1.17, indicative of a s...
Characterization of lymphocyte subtypes in scabietic skin lesions of naive and sensitized dogs

We delineated the density of cells expressing CD4, CD8, CD21 and CD45RA antigens in the cellular infiltrates in the epidermis, dermis and follicular epithelium in scabietic skin lesions of naive hosts and sensitized hosts that expressed resistance to scabies infestation. No cells expressing CD21 (B-lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells) were present in the epidermis and only a few were occasionally present in the dermis during both the first and second infestations. Naive T-cells (CD45RA+) and CD8+ cells (cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes) were present in varying densities in the infiltrates throughout the epidermis, dermis and follicular epithelium with no apparent differences in density and the rate of appearance between sensitizing and challenge infestations. CD4+ cells were abundant in fluctuating densities in the dermis, epidermis, and follicular epidermis during the sensitizing infestation and these cells became the dominant cell type early during the challenge infestation. The density of CD4+ cells in the infiltrate was much greater during the challenge than during the sensitization infestation. This population of CD4+ cells consisted of both T-helper/inducer cells and neutrophils and the large increase in their numbers during the challenge suggested they played a key role in the successful immune/inflammatory response that resulted in resistance to scabies infestation.
The in vitro resin sponge uptake of triiodothyronine-I-131 from serum in thyroid disease and in pregnancy.

ABSTRACT A procedure has been devised which measures the uptake of I131-labeled triiodothyronine (T3-I131) from serum in vitro by means of a resin sponge. The sponge, consisting of a mixture of polyurethane foam and a finely divided anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-400), was equilibrated with serum containing T3-I131. Significant differences in the sponge uptake of T3-I131 from serum were demonstrated in hyperthyroidism, myxedema, and uncomplicated pregnancy when compared with the sponge uptake from the serum of normal subjects; values were elevated in hyperthyroidism and reduced in pregnancy and myxedema. Augmented sponge binding of T3-I131 was also observed following the administration of thyrotropin to subjects other than those with primary myxedema. The results indicate that the resin sponge procedure may be a useful means for distinguishing between certain thyroidal abnormalities and for recognizing pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by hyperthyroidism.
Sputtering and Molecular Synthesis Induced by 100 keV Protons in Condensed CO2 and Relevance to the Outer Solar System

We present results on sputtering and radiation chemistry of CO{sub 2} films induced by 100 keV H{sup +} at 25 and 50 K. Using a quartz crystal microbalance, we measure a sputtering yield (SY) between {approx}10 and 20 CO{sub 2} equivalent per ion at 25 K. The yield at 50 K is similar to that at 25 K at low fluences, but increases to {approx}2400 by mid-10{sup 14} H{sup +} cm{sup -2} and declines at higher fluence. Irradiation to 1 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 15} H{sup +} cm{sup -2} depletes {approx}85%-90% of the initial film mass at 50 K, compared to 3% at 25 K. In both cases, mass spectrometry shows that CO is the dominant constituent in the sputtered flux, followed by O{sub 2}, O, and CO{sub 2}. Using infrared spectroscopy, we monitor the depletion of CO{sub 2} and the accumulation of CO and O{sub 2} and minor species as O{sub 3} and CO{sub 3}. We determine G(-CO{sub 2}) = 2.6 {+-} 0.3, the number of CO{sub 2} destroyed per 100 eV at 25 K. A significant fraction of the radiolyzed CO and O{sub 2} are retained in the film at 25 K; only those near the surface are removed duringmore » irradiation, contributing to a smaller SY. At 50 K, CO and O{sub 2} are unstable along the 'hot' ion track and are expelled possibly from the entire depth of the film. Our results, and the lack of detection of CO in the exospheres around Rhea and Dione, show that the CO{sub 2} does not originate from sputtering, since otherwise the exosphere would be dominated by CO, the main molecule in the sputtered flux. We suggest that the exospheric CO{sub 2} is thermally released from an endogenic source.« less
Solus: an autonomous aircraft for flight control and trajectory planning research

The University of Michigan has developed a fixed-wing model aircraft (Solus) with an embedded control system to develop and demonstrate UAV technology. The analytical objective of this project is the development of intelligent flight control and trajectory planning techniques, focusing on automated fault detection and recovery. Our experimental objective is to implement and evaluate these techniques on Solus for a variety of mission and fault scenarios.
Bessel-Gauss beam enhancement cavities for high-intensity applications

We introduce Bessel-Gauss beam enhancement cavities that may circumvent the major obstacles to more efficient cavity-enhanced high-field physics such as high-harmonic generation. The basic properties of Bessel-Gauss beams are reviewed and their transformation properties through simple optical systems (consisting of spherical and conical elements) are presented. A general Bessel-Gauss cavity design strategy is outlined, and a particular geometry, the confocal Bessel-Gauss cavity, is analyzed in detail. We numerically simulate the confocal Bessel-Gauss cavity and present an example cavity with 300 MHz repetition rate supporting an effective waist of 33 μm at the focus and an intensity ratio from the focus to the cavity mirror surfaces of 1.5 × 104.
Micro power management of active 802.11 interfaces

Wireless interfaces are major power consumers on mobile systems. Considerable research has improved the energy efficiency of elongated idle periods or created more elongated idle periods in wireless interfaces, often requiring cooperation from applications or the network infrastructure. With increasing wireless mobile data, it has become critical to improve the energy efficiency of active wireless interfaces. In this work, we present micro power management (μPM), a solution inspired by the mismatch between the high performance of state-of-the-art 802.11 interfaces and the modest data rate requirements by many popular network applications. μPM enables an 802.11 interface to enter unreachable power-saving modes even between MAC frames, without noticeable impact on the traffic flow. To control data loss, μPM leverages the retransmission mechanism in 802.11 and controls frame delay to adapt to demanded network throughput with minimal cooperation from the access point. Based on a theoretical framework, we employ simulation to systematically investigate an effective and efficient implementation of μPM. We have built a prototype μPM on an open-access wireless hardware platform. Measurements show that more than 30% power reduction for the wireless transceiver can be achieved with μPM for various applications without perceptible quality degradation.
Tolerated Tokenism, or the Injustice in Justice: Black Teacher Associations and Their Forgotten Struggle for Educational Justice, 1921-1954.

This article provides a thematic overview of the ways in which black educators, through their professional associations, advocated to create equality of schooling for black children in the pre-Brown era. In the struggle for socially just education, Black educators are historically depicted as reluctant participants or employees worried about their future career positions. Conversely, black educators used their professional networks and local connections to support national efforts to provide more equitable education. Using primary and secondary documentation, the author highlights the myriad forms of advocacy black educators used to seek justice for black children, and challenges negative portrayals of black educators in the pre-Brown era.
Adenosine regulation of canine cardiac adenylate cyclase

Abstract Adenosine has a biphasic, [Mg 2+ ]-dependent effect on the catalytic activity of dog heart adenylate cyclase. In the presence of 0.5 mM Mg 2+ , adenosine stimulated cyclic AMP formation, but when the cyclase was activated with 4 mM Mg 2+ plus 0.5 mM Mn 2+ , adenosine inhibited catalytic activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Adenine, 3'-deoxyadenosine and selected purine-modified adenosine analogs stimulated the enzyme, whereas 2'-deoxyadenosine, 5'-deoxyadenosine and adenine-α- l -lyxofuranoside mimicked the inhibitory effect of adenosine on the Mg 2+ plus Mn 2+ stimulated enzyme. These results are consistent with the ‘two receptor’ model of Londos and Wolff [C. Londos and J. Wolff, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74 , 5482 (1978)], but they raise the possibility of subtle organ and species differences in the chemical determinants of adenosine binding. Adenosine in both intracellular and extracellular compartments may modulate adenylate cyclase activity in the beating heart, in addition to its putative role in the regulation of coronary vascular resistance.
Decision making in prehospital sudden cardiac arrest

Many studies of prehospital resuscitation report on selected populations. We examined a series of 445 unselected nontraumatic cardiac arrests. Emergency cardiac care (ECC) was not initiated in 126 (28%). ECC was begun in 319 (78%), but was terminated in 132 (33%). Ninety-four (21%) were admitted to the hospital with palpable pulses and organized rhythm (successful resuscitation), and 42 (9%) were discharged alive (saved). The successful resuscitation/save rate for patients presenting in ventricular fibrillation was 50%/25%. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the relative importance of significant variables in predicting survival, and the analysis identified the presence of ventricular fibrillation, short paramedic response times, and short paramedic treatment times.
Epistatic expression of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] determined by QTL association with RFLP alleles.

Quantitative trait values for seed oil and protein content or for maturity were measured in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of soybean derived from a cross between two soybean cultivars: ‘Minsoy’ PI 27890 and ‘Noir 1’ PI 290136. Seed oil was found to be inversely correlated to protein content. By analyzing DNA from plants with extreme phenotypes, we were able to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these traits as being linked to several restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci, including R183 for oil and protein content and R79 for maturity. Cumulative distributions of trait values were graphed for those RIL with ‘Minsoy’ alleles and for those with ‘Noir 1’ alleles. As already suggested by the alleles found associated with extreme phenotypes, the distributions were consistent with an independent and additive expression of the maturity QTL linked to R79. That is, the cumulative distributions for plants with ‘Minsoy’ alleles and for plants with ‘Noir 1’ alleles were similar in shape, but the entire ‘Noir 1’ curve had been shifted to later maturity dates. In contrast, the trait distributions for a locus affecting oil and protein content linked to R183 were not compatible with an additive model. These results suggest that this approach can be used for rapid identification of QTLs with epistatic expression.
An interval branch and bound algorithm for global optimization of a multiperiod pricing model

Pricing copyable products to increase overall welfare is an important economic question. An indefinite mathematical program representing a pricing model is solved through an interval branch and bound algorithm. This paper illustrates interval arithmetic as an effective tool to solve realistic models which are not suitable for classical solution techniques. Computational results provide insight into the efficiency of various inclusion function forms.
Conflict and error prevention and detection in complex networks

Conflicts and errors are unavoidable in complex networks such as energy grids and supply chains. The objective of this research is to design algorithms for effective and automated conflict and error prevention and detection. Most algorithms developed earlier, i.e., the traditional algorithm, are centralized sequential algorithms which do not use relationships between conflicts and errors for prevention and detection. A constraint-based model is designed based on the complex network theory to define conflicts and errors and provide prescriptive models for real-world systems. Two algorithms, a centralized algorithm taking advantage of network topology and a decentralized algorithm enabling parallelism with distributed agents, are designed to prevent and detect conflicts and errors. Both algorithms use relationships between constraints to improve efficiency. Analytical study and simulation experiments are conducted to validate the new algorithms and compare their performance to that of the traditional algorithm. Results show that for effective prevention and detection, the decentralized algorithm shall be used according to four performance measures: time, coverage ability, preventability, and damage. If information transmission between agents is disrupted, the centralized algorithm shall be used to achieve better performance than the traditional algorithm. The alignment between algorithms and networks, i.e., centralized algorithms for centralized networks and decentralized algorithms for decentralized networks, improves prevention and detection.
The release of pituitary secretion in the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus (Guenther).

1. In each of several species of fish more than one method of pituitary secretory release has been observed. 2. The present report describes in detail one of these methods as seen in the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus, pituitary in which most of the granules are individually released from buds and the remainder from complete cells. 3. The use of secretory extrusion as a cytological criterion of pituitary activity is suggested.
Destruction/removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from non-polar media. Reaction of PCB with poly (ethylene glycol)/KOH

Abstract We have found that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and other unactivated chlorobenzenes react with poly (ethylene glycols) and potassium hydroxide under mild conditions. Complete reaction with PEG occurs at 75–120°C in under two hours, to produce aryl polyglycols, the products of nucleophilic aromatic substitution. This reaction has been applied to the destruction and removal of PCB's from non-polar media, including transformer oil.
Synoptic Surf-Zone Sedimentation Patterns: ABSTRACT

A new device, the almometer, has been constructed which instantaneously measures the changing elevation of the bottom and distribution of bedload and suspended load in a water column. Three almometers were placed normal to shore in the surf zone at Point Mugu, California. Data for 20 tidal cycles show that mean grain size in the mid-swash zone is coarser on the ebb than on the flood. Except when the tidal inequality is small, skewness of the sand becomes negative on the ebb and positive on the flood. There are 6 episodes of profile change which increase seaward in magnitude per tidal cycle. Erosion increases from 6% of breaker height on the beachface to 14% on the shoreface. The frequency of motion of sand in the inner and outer surf zones is virtually independent of the eep-water wave period, but the relation improves somewhat in the breaker, transition, and swash zones. Outside the breaker zone, sand moves primarily as bedload, in pulses coincident with the prevailing swell period. Inside the breaker zone, sand moves more rapidly, with frequencies equal to both seas and swell. Bottom elevation changes of more than 6 cm/wave are not uncommon. Sand seldom is thrown into suspension. In the outer surf zone, sand movement is rare, but in the inner surf zone sand suspension increases in frequency, elevation, and duration. At the still-water level, sand motion by suspension becomes dominant. In the swash zone, sand motion reverts to bedload. At Point Mugu, the amount of sand thrown into suspension 6 in. above the bottom per tidal cycle per foot of beach lengt is from 200 to 400 cu yd. End_of_Article - Last_Page 771------------
Subspecialty surgical pathologist's performances as triage pathologists on a telepathology-enabled quality assurance surgical pathology service: A human factors study

Background: The case triage practice workflow model was used to manage incoming cases on a telepathology-enabled surgical pathology quality assurance (QA) service. Maximizing efficiency of workflow and the use of pathologist time requires detailed information on factors that influence telepathologists' decision-making on a surgical pathology QA service, which was gathered and analyzed in this study. Materials and Methods: Surgical pathology report reviews and telepathology service logs were audited, for 1862 consecutive telepathology QA cases accrued from a single Arizona rural hospital over a 51 month period. Ten university faculty telepathologists served as the case readers. Each telepathologist had an area of subspecialty surgical pathology expertise (i.e. gastrointestinal pathology, dermatopathology, etc.) but functioned largely as a general surgical pathologist while on this telepathology-enabled QA service. They handled all incoming cases during their individual 1-h telepathology sessions, regardless of the nature of the organ systems represented in the real-time incoming stream of outside surgical pathology cases. Results: The 10 participating telepathologists' postAmerican Board of pathology examination experience ranged from 3 to 36 years. This is a surrogate for age. About 91% of incoming cases were immediately signed out regardless of the subspecialty surgical pathologists' area of surgical pathology expertise. One hundred and seventy cases (9.13%) were deferred. Case concurrence rates with the provisional surgical pathology diagnosis of the referring pathologist, for incoming cases, averaged 94.3%, but ranged from 88.46% to 100% for individual telepathologists. Telepathology case deferral rates, for second opinions or immunohistochemistry, ranged from 4.79% to 21.26%. Differences in concordance rates and deferral rates among telepathologists, for incoming cases, were significant but did not correlate with years of experience as a practicing pathologist. Coincidental overlaps of the area of subspecialty surgical pathology expertise with organ-related incoming cases did not influence decisions by the telepathologists to either defer those cases or to agree or disagree with the referring pathologist's provisional diagnoses. Conclusions: Subspecialty surgical pathologists effectively served as general surgical pathologists on a telepathology-based surgical pathology QA service. Concurrence rates with incoming surgical pathology report diagnoses, and case deferral rates, varied significantly among the 10 on-service telepathologists. We found no evidence that the higher deferral rates correlated with improving the accuracy or quality of the surgical pathology reports.
Crosslink densities and phase morphologies in thermoplastic vulcanizates

The degree of EPDM crosslinking during dynamic vulcanization of a PP/ EPDM thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) was modified by varying its phenolic curative content. The rise in TPV viscosity, the drop in its swelling, the change in its NMR MAS lineshape, and the increase in its EPDM domain AFM force modulation hardness verified the increase in EPDM crosslink density with increasing curative content. Further, the EPDM crosslink extent in TPV was measured by either the bound phenolic or the residual diene content both determined by solid state NMR. SEM morphologies of cryo-faced and ruthenium-stained TPVs with varying curative contents were analyzed to determine the effects of cure on EPDM domain sizes and PP ligament thickness. A narrowing of the EPDM domain size distribution, with a decrease in the third moment of the distribution, was observed with increasing EPDM crosslink density. Correspondingly, the PP ligament number-average thickness was raised slightly.
Estimating the yield of crushable stone in an alluvial fan deposit by electrical resistivity methods near Stuarts Draft, Virginia

Abstract A late Cenozoic alluvial fan complex near Stuarts Draft, Virginia, consists of three cobble and gravel units with different degrees of weathering. The youngest unit contains virtually unweathered quartzite clasts; the older two units, also derived from quartzite bedrock, range from being somewhat weathered with moderately competent clasts to very strongly weathered with cobbles that are incompetent and porous. Differences in porosity caused by these contrasts in weathering permit successful use of electrical resistivity sounding and profiling in and around an active alluvium quarry. With these methods we delineated the borders and bottom of the youngest, high resistivity gravel unit. An isopach map of this unit, based on the resistivity interpretations, indicates two paleovalleys where the minable unit is thickest. In the surveyed area, the paleovalley deposits are as much as 10 and 18 m thick and taper to 1–2 m toward the south. The weighted mean thickness of the gravel unit is 3.95 m, and the estimated volume of this unit, based on an isopach map, is about 5 × 106 m3.
Physical controls on mixing and transport within rising submarine hydrothermal plumes: A numerical simulation study

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the turbulent flow and species transport of deep-sea high temperature hydrothermal plumes. The model solves numerically the density weighted unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and energy equation and the species transport equation. Turbulent entrainment and mixing is modeled by a k–e turbulence closure model. The CFD model explicitly considers realistic vent chimney geometry, vent exit fluid temperature and velocity, and background stratification. The model uses field measurements as model inputs and has been validated by field data. These measurements and data, including vent temperature and plume physical structure, were made in the ABE hydrothermal field of the Eastern Lau Spreading Center. A parametric sensitivity study based on this CFD model was conducted to determine the relative importance of vent exit velocity, background stratification, and chimney height on the mixing of vent fluid and seawater. The CFD model was also used to derive several important scalings that are relevant to understanding plume impact on the ocean. These scalings include maximum plume rise height, neutrally buoyant plume height, maximum plume induced turbulent diffusivity, and total plume vertically transported water mass flux. These scaling relationships can be used for constructing simplified 1-dimensional models of geochemistry and microbial activity in hydrothermal plumes. Simulation results show that the classical entrainment assumptions, typically invoked to describe hydrothermal plume transport, only apply up to the vertical level of ~0.6 times the maximum plume rise height. Below that level, the entrainment coefficient remains relatively constant (~0.15). Above that level, the plume flow consists of a pronounced lateral spreading flow, two branches of inward flow immediately above and below the lateral spreading, and recirculation flanking the plume cap region. Both turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate reach their maximum near the vent; however, turbulent viscosity attains its maximum near the plume top, indicating strong turbulent mixing in that region. The parametric study shows that near vent physical conditions, including chimney height and fluid exit velocity, influence plume mixing from the vent orifice to a distance of ~10 times the vent orifice diameter. Thus, physical parameters place a strong kinetic constraint on the chemical reactions occurring in the initial particle-forming zone of hydrothermal plumes.
Symmetry-based design of fragment separator optics.

Next-generation high-intensity large acceptance fragment separators require a careful design due to the large high order aberrations induced by the large aperture superconducting magnets needed to collect rare isotopes obtained from a high energy primary heavy-ion beam hitting a target. In this paper we propose a fragment separator layout based on various symmetries that satisfies the baseline requirements. Analytical calculations based on symmetry theories simplify the design to numerical optimization of a basic cell with only a few magnetic elements. The insight provided by these calculations resulted in the specification of a simple layout with large acceptance, transmission, and resolution. The design method may be easily adapted to project-specific needs. The important effects of energy degraders necessary for full fragment separator design will be addressed in a future publication.
Regio- and enantioselective alkane hydroxylation with engineered cytochromes P450 BM-3

Cytochrome P450 ΒΜ-3 from Bacillus megaterium was engineered using a combination of directed evolution and site-directed mutagenesis to hydroxylate linear alkanes regio- and enantioselectively using atmospheric dioxygen as an oxidant. BM-3 variant 9-10A-A328V hydroxylates octane at the 2-position to form S-2-octanol (40% ee). Another variant, 1-12G, also hydroxylates alkanes larger than hexane primarily at the 2-position but forms R-2-alcohols (40−55% ee). These biocatalysts are highly active (rates up to 400 min-1) and support thousands of product turnovers. The regio- and enantioselectivities are retained in whole-cell biotransformations with Escherichia coli, where the engineered P450s can be expressed at high levels and the cofactor is supplied endogenously.
Theoretical performance limits for compressive sensing with random noise

In this paper, we analyzed the performance of noisy compressive sensing theoretically, and derived both the lower bound and upper bound of the probability of error for compressive sensing, with the assumption that both the original information and the noise follow Gaussian distribution. Both the lower bound and upper bound of the probability of error for the general case without special requirement of the measurement matrix Φ are provided. It has been shown that under some condition, perfect reconstruction of the information vector is impossible, as there will always be certain error. Specially, when the Bernoulli matrix is chosen as the measurement matrix, the corresponding lower bound and upper bound of the probability of error are given with a much neat and clear expression. The corresponding Cramer-Rao lower bound is also provided. These results provide some theoretical reference of the probability of error of compressive sensing.
A new look at distributed RC notch filters

A new approach to the study of distributed RC notch filters is presented. The method is intended to impart a clearer understanding into the mechanism which causes the null to appear. It also leads to the introduction of different forms of notch filters than those previously considered.
Ghosal syndrome : genetics unveiled

Thromboxane synthase mutations in an increased bone density disorder (Ghosal syndrome) Genevieve et al. (2008) Nature Genetics 40(3):284–286
A Nonrigid Kernel-Based Framework for 2D-3D Pose Estimation and 2D Image Segmentation

In this work, we present a nonrigid approach to jointly solving the tasks of 2D-3D pose estimation and 2D image segmentation. In general, most frameworks that couple both pose estimation and segmentation assume that one has exact knowledge of the 3D object. However, under nonideal conditions, this assumption may be violated if only a general class to which a given shape belongs is given (e.g., cars, boats, or planes). Thus, we propose to solve the 2D-3D pose estimation and 2D image segmentation via nonlinear manifold learning of 3D embedded shapes for a general class of objects or deformations for which one may not be able to associate a skeleton model. Thus, the novelty of our method is threefold: First, we present and derive a gradient flow for the task of nonrigid pose estimation and segmentation. Second, due to the possible nonlinear structures of one's training set, we evolve the preimage obtained through kernel PCA for the task of shape analysis. Third, we show that the derivation for shape weights is general. This allows us to use various kernels, as well as other statistical learning methodologies, with only minimal changes needing to be made to the overall shape evolution scheme. In contrast with other techniques, we approach the nonrigid problem, which is an infinite-dimensional task, with a finite-dimensional optimization scheme. More importantly, we do not explicitly need to know the interaction between various shapes such as that needed for skeleton models as this is done implicitly through shape learning. We provide experimental results on several challenging pose estimation and segmentation scenarios.
DON'T MIND THE GAP!

![Figure][1] Unable to compromise on its intense energy consumption, most vertebrate brains go into energy failure within minutes of being deprived of oxygen, resulting in the loss of ionic gradients, depolarization and a cascade of pathological changes resulting eventually in neuronal death
A Comparison of Speech Sound Intervention Delivered by Telepractice and Side-by-Side Service Delivery Models.

Telepractice has the potential to provide greater access to speech-language intervention services for children with communication impairments. Substantiation of this delivery model is necessary for telepractice to become an accepted alternative delivery model. This study investigated the progress made by school-age children with speech sound impairments in side-by-side intervention compared with telepractice intervention. Fourteen children aged 6 through 10 years with identified speech sound disorders were randomly assigned to intervention delivered in a side-by-side or telepractice service delivery model. Intervention was provided twice a week for 30-min individual sessions during a 5-week summer intervention program. Children in both service delivery models made improvement in their speech sound production during the program. There were no significant differences between the two groups on postintervention assessments including standardized assessment and listener judgments of word productions. Measureme...
The Free-Space Optics System Using QCL: Models and Solutions

Two of the important issues in the free-space optics (FSO) communication systems are the building sway and atmospheric interference. In this paper, the optimization models for these issues are established and solved to obtain the desirable transmitter power, transmitter wavelength, transmitter telescope gain, and receiver telescope gain. The solution feasibility relies on using the quantum cascade laser (OCL) in transmitters. Details of the numerical experiments are also reported.
Influenza Virus Evades Innate and Adaptive Immunity via the NS1 Protein

Both antibodies and T cells contribute to immunity against influenza virus infection. However, the generation of strong Th1 immunity is crucial for viral clearance. Interestingly, we found that human dendritic cells (DCs) infected with influenza A virus have lower allospecific Th1-cell stimulatory abilities than DCs activated by other stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide and Newcastle disease virus infection. This weak stimulatory activity correlates with a suboptimal maturation of the DCs following infection with influenza A virus. We next investigated whether the influenza A virus NS1 protein could be responsible for the low levels of DC maturation after influenza virus infection. The NS1 protein is an important virulence factor associated with the suppression of innate immunity via the inhibition of type I interferon (IFN) production in infected cells. Using recombinant influenza and Newcastle disease viruses, with or without the NS1 gene from influenza virus, we found that the induction of a genetic program underlying DC maturation, migration, and T-cell stimulatory activity is specifically suppressed by the expression of the NS1 protein. Among the genes affected by NS1 are those coding for macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, interleukin-12 p35 (IL-12 p35), IL-23 p19, RANTES, IL-8, IFN-α/β, and CCR7. These results indicate that the influenza A virus NS1 protein is a bifunctional viral immunosuppressor which inhibits innate immunity by preventing type I IFN release and inhibits adaptive immunity by attenuating human DC maturation and the capacity of DCs to induce T-cell responses. Our observations also support the potential use of NS1 mutant influenza viruses as live attenuated influenza virus vaccines.