cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creep of Doped Polycrystalline Al2O3

Creep behavior of polycrystalline A12O3 doped with MgO + NiO, both as-hot-pressed in graphite dies and additionally annealed, was determined for 1300° to 1470°C and for 1000 to 15,000 psi in compression. The deformed specimens contained intergranular separations. Creep rates were proportional to stress to the 1.1 and 1.3 powers and were independent of grain size changes occurring during creep. The suggested creep mechanism is localized plastic deformation at stress concentration points accommodated by grain-boundary separations initiated by grain-boundary sliding.
Shape Memory Alloys and Their Use in MEMS Capable Deployable Sensors

Current MEMS capable caseless sensor deployment research at Louisiana Tech University is briefly described with a focus of the applications of nitinol. Both shape memory effect and superelastic effect nitinol fins are described with a suggestion of combining the two for a guidance system.
Local Conformational Changes in the Catalytic Core of the Trans-Acting Hepatitis Delta Virus Ribozyme Accompany Catalysis †

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a human pathogen and satellite RNA of the hepatitis B virus. It utilizes a self-cleaving catalytic RNA motif to process multimeric intermediates in the double- rolling circle replication of its genome. Previous kinetic analyses have suggested that a particular cytosine residue (C75 )w ith ap Ka close to neutrality acts as a general acid or base in cleavage chemistry. The crystal structure of the product form of a cis-acting HDV ribozyme shows this residue positioned close to the 5'-OH leaving group of the reaction by a trefoil turn in the RNA backbone. By modifying G76 of the trefoil turn of a synthetic trans-cleaving HDV ribozyme to the fluorescent 2-aminopurine (AP), we can directly monitor local conformational changes in the catalytic core. In the ribozyme -substrate complex (precursor), AP fluorescence is strongly quenched, suggesting that AP 76 is stacked with other bases and that the trefoil turn is not formed. In contrast, formation of the product complex upon substrate cleavage or direct product binding results in a significant increase in fluorescence, consistent with AP 76 becoming unstacked and solvent-exposed as evidenced in the trefoil turn. Using AP fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in concert, we demonstrate that this local conformational change in the trefoil turn is kinetically coincidental with a previously observed global structural change of the ribozyme. Our data show that, at least in the trans-acting HDV ribozyme, C75 becomes positioned for reaction chemistry only along the trajectory from precursor to product.
An evaluation of the Federal Legal Services Program: Evidence from crime rates and property values

Abstract This paper uses the city-level roll-out of legal service grants to evaluate their effects on crime. Using Uniform Crime Reports from 1960 to 1985, the results show that there is a short-run increase of 7% in crimes reported and a 16% increase in crimes cleared by arrest. Results show an increase in the staffing of police officers in cities that received legal services. These cities are also associated with having higher median property values 10 years later. This supports the narrative that legal services changed police behavior through litigation or threats of litigation.
Acute gastrointestinal toxicity and bowel bag dose-volume parameters for preoperative radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma.

Abstract Purpose Acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity has been studied in GI and gynecological (GYN) cancers, with volume receiving 15 Gy (V15) Methods and materials From 2003 to 2013, 56 patients with RPS underwent preoperative RT at 2 institutions. Toxicity was scored using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria for upper and lower acute GI toxicity. BB was contoured on planning computed tomography scans per Radiation Therapy Oncology Group atlas guidelines with review by a radiologist. Relationships among toxicity, clinical factors, and BB dose were analyzed. Results Three patients (5%) developed grade ≥3 acute GI toxicity: 2 grade 3 toxicities (anorexia and nausea) and 1 grade 5 toxicity (tumor-bowel fistula). Thirty-six patients (64%) had grade 2 toxicity (nausea, 55%; diarrhea, 23%; pain, 20%). Tumor size was the only significant clinical predictor of grade ≥2 acute GI toxicity. Larger mean BB volumes predicted for grade ≥2 toxicity (P = .001). On receiver operating characteristics analysis, V30 was the best discriminator for toxicity (P = .0001). Median BB V15 was 1375 mL; 75% of patients had V15 ≥830 mL. Median V25 was 1083 mL; 68% had V25 ≥650 mL. Median V45 was 575 mL; 82% had V45 ≥195 mL. V25 ≥650 mL was significantly associated with grade ≥2 toxicity (P = .01). Conclusions Among patients treated with preoperative RT for RPS, significant acute GI toxicity was very low despite BB dose exceeding established constraints for most cases. Acceptable dose constraints for RPS may be higher than those for GI or GYN cancers. Further assessment of dose-volume constraints for RPS is needed.
Pearl Harbor Dry Dock

The object of this paper is to inform those interested in engineering matters regarding the peculiar difficulties and problems which the construction of the Pearl Harbor Dry Dock has involved. The ...
Can Initiatives Be Used to Regulate the Manner of Selecting Presidential Electors, and Can Initiative Proponents Defend in Federal Court?

We have now had more than a century to assess America’s initiative device, and the Progressive movement of which it was an outgrowth. Beginning with South Dakota in 1898, close to two dozen states (almost all of them west of the Mississippi) have incorporated the initiative and/or referendum into their state constitutions. Today, many states -- including California, Washington, Oregon and Colorado -- transact some of their most important and high-profile legislative business via direct democracy. There is a wealth of scholarship analyzing the interface between state law direct democracy devices and the U.S. Constitution. Yet most of it has focused on a few aspects of the federal Constitution. In particular, there has been significant work done on the interplay between direct democracy and: (1) Article IV's Republican Guarantee Clause; (2) the First Amendment's freedoms of speech and petition; and (3) the Fourteenth Amendment's commands of process and equal protection. In this Essay I examine two questions of recent and looming importance concerning the way state law initiatives interact with two other important aspects of the U.S. Constitution: Article II's delegation to state "legislatures" of the power to prescribe the method of appointing electors to the so-called electoral college, and Article III's requirement that federal courts limit themselves to resolving only "cases” and “controversies." In particular, I examine: (1) whether states can join the National Popular Vote Compact (NPVC) -- an attempt to move the country a long way in the direction of a national popular presidential election -- via initiatives rather than statutes adopted by state legislatures; and (2) whether and when official proponents (i.e., drafters and signature gatherers) of initiatives should be allowed to defend those initiatives against constitutional challenges in federal court, when the elected representatives who ordinarily defend state laws against constitutional attack – usually the Attorney General and/or Governor -- decline to defend. I argue that the case against NPVC participation by initiative is relatively weak, and that states thus should be able to join the NPVC via the initiative. I also argue, using California’s Proposition 8 (a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage) as a case study, that although states can (and should) empower initiative proponents to defend in federal court when elected representatives decline to do so, there are important federal limits that federal courts ought to enforce regarding the circumstances under which proponents ought to be permitted federal standing to defend.
Irrigation reuse of pond effluents in developing countries

The large-scale reuse of sewage for irrigation, often without adequate safeguards, is commonplace in many arid and semiarid regions of the world. A UNDP/World Bank global research project has reviewed available epidemiological data and formulated a risk model to evaluate sanitary control options for effluent irrigation. The study concluded that wastewater treatment processes that effectively remove all or most of the pathogens in wastewater provide a major or total reduction in the negative health effects caused by raw wastewater reuse. Furthermore, the study found the recommended criteria for effective wastewater treatment for irrigation reuse in developing countries to be, in order of priority: (1) maximum removal of helminths; (2) effective reduction in bacterial and viral pathogens; and (3) freedom from odor and appearance nuisances (i.e., reduction of BOD). Multicell stabilization ponds are suited to meet all three criteria. Research sponsored by the UNDP/World Bank project has shown that well-designed and operated multicell stabilization ponds achieve virtually total removal of helminths and a greater than 99.99 percent reduction of enteric bacteria. Waste stabilization ponds can produce an odor-free effluent rich in nutrients and attractive for agricultural use. Most suitable in hot developing countries, ponds are a particularly robust, flexible, and almost fail-safe treatment system having low construction and operation costs. Research is now focusing on management and policy issues required to effectively achieve controlled irrigation reuse.
Creatine metabolism in hyperthyroidism.

SummaryHyperthyroidism was induced in rats by thyroxine injections and by feeding of desiccated thyroid. Normal and hyperthyroid rats were injected with glycine-1-C14 and incorporation of the isotope into glycocyamine and creatine was determined. In other experiments normal and hyperthyroid rats were injected with creatine-1-C14 and its incorporation into skeletal muscle and heart creatine was determined. Hyperthyroidism resulted in an increased creatinuria, and increased heart weight and a decreased heart creatine concentration. Hyperthyroidism led to increased incorporation of glycine into liver creatine and to decreased incorporation into skeletal muscle and heart creatine. It is concluded that the creatinuria of hyperthyroidism is the result of a block in incorporation of creatine into skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
Referent Predictability is Affected by Syntactic Structure: Evidence from Chinese

This paper examines the effect of syntactic structures on referent predictability. Focusing on stimulus-experiencer (SE) verbs, we conducted two sentence-completion experiments in Chinese by contrasting SE verbs in three structures (active canonical, active ba, and passive). The results showed that although verb semantics and discourse coherence relations produce a strong referential biases, the stimulus referent is overall less likely to be rementioned in the active canonical structure than in the other two structures. The findings thus indicate that referent predictability is determined by not only semantic but also syntactic factors. We discuss the theoretical implications for the nature of referent predictability and its relationship with referent accessibility.
Coronary chemoreflex evoked by intrapericardial nicotine has a somatic component.

Stimulation of vagally innervated cardiac or pulmonary receptors reflexly evokes depressor responses called the coronary chemoreflex and pulmonary depressor reflex, respectively. The efferent arm o...
Addressing Colloidal Stability for Unambiguous Electroanalysis of Single Nanoparticle Impacts

Herein the problem of colloidal instability on electrochemically detected nanoparticle (NP) collisions with a Hg ultramicroelectrode (UME) by electrocatalytic amplification is addressed. NP tracking analysis (NTA) shows that rapid aggregation occurs in solution after diluting citrate-stabilized Pt NPs with hydrazine/phosphate buffers of net ionic strength greater than 70 mM. Colloidal stability improves by lowering the ionic strength, indicating that aggregation processes were strongly affected by charge screening of the NP double layer interactions at high cation concentrations. For the system of lowest ionic strength, the overwhelming majority of observed electrocatalytic current signals represent single NP/electrode impacts, as confirmed by NTA kinetic monitoring. NP diffusion coefficients determined by NTA and NP impact electroanalysis are in excellent agreement for the stable colloids, which signifies that the sticking probability of Pt NPs interacting with Hg is unity and that the observed NP impact...
Wound Management in the ICU

Open wounds are commonly seen in the critical care setting, and appropriate management contributes significantly to the overall outcome of the patient. There are two broad categories that are most commonly dealt with. First is the soft tissue defect. This may stem from inability to close a wound due to tissue loss or a planned open wound due to contamination or compartment syndrome. The most common ways in which these wounds are dealt with are wound packing and negative pressure dressings. The second major type is the open abdomen after damage control laparotomy or as treatment/prevention of abdominal compartment syndrome. Many methods for managing this entity have been described, but today, the large majority are dressed with negative pressure dressings. This chapter describes the wound types and the specifics of wound dressings commonly used for these situations.
Soldiering for Freedom: How the Union Army Recruited, Trained, and Deployed the U.S. Colored Troops

Review of: Soldiering for Freedom: How the Union Army Recruited, Trained, and Deployed the U.S. Colored Troops, by Bob Luke and John David Smith.
Wax patterned microwells for stem cell fate study

The fabrication of cost effective paper-based analytical devices by wax printing has recently become popular, by and large, using cellulose filter papers. Paper-based devices need higher temperature to form hydrophobic barrier across paper substrate, rely on large working channels (≥500 μm) for liquid handling, and exhibit lower efficiency (∼50%) of sample mobility. Such limitations confine applications of wax based fabrication. In this work, we report printability, fidelity, and application of wax micropatterns on a non-cellulosic, non-fibrous, and non-porous polyethylene terephthalate based substrate (mPET). Resolution of wax printing on mPET was found to be 120 μm for line and 60 μm for channel micropatterns. The wax micropatterns can sustain heat and retain their structural integrity at melting temperature of wax and above (≥120 °C). In application, wax microwells were patterned on the new substrate in a high throughput fashion, which formed a suitable niche for mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) culture either to maintain self-renewal or direct differentiation. This study will open a new direction in wax printing applications not only as a low-cost but a multipurpose fabrication tool.
Antifouling silicones based on surface-modifying additive amphiphiles

Surface modifying additives (SMAs), which may be readily blended into silicones to improve anti-fouling behavior, must have excellent surface migration potential and must not leach into the aqueous environment. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of a series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based SMA amphiphiles which varied in terms of crosslinkability, siloxane tether length (m) and diblock versus triblock architectures. Specifically, crosslinkable, diblock PEO-silane amphiphiles with two oligodimethylsiloxane (ODMS) tether lengths [(EtO)3Si-(CH2)3-ODMS m -PEO8, m = 13 and 30] were compared to analogous non-crosslinkable, diblock (H-Si-ODMS m -PEO8) and triblock (PEO8-ODMS m -PEO8) SMAs. Prior to water conditioning, while all modified silicone coatings exhibited a high degree of water-driven surface restructuring, that prepared with the non-crosslinkable diblock SMA (m = 13) was the most hydrophilic. After conditioning, all modified silicone coatings were similarly hydrophilic and remained highly protein resistant, with the exception of PEO8-ODMS 30 -PEO8. Notably, despite twice the PEO content, triblock SMAs were not superior to diblock SMAs. For diblock SMAs, it was shown that water uptake and leaching were also similar whether or not the SMA was crosslinkable.
Getting a Job: Cultural Norms, Emotional Energy, and the Foreign-Educated Immigrant Hiring Penalty

Foreign-educated immigrants face an economic penalty in the U.S. labor market relative to their level of education. An understudied explanation for this penalty is foreign-educated immigrants’ lack...
The Changing Role of Electrodiagnostic Testing in Cancer Rehabilitation

Given advances in oncological treatments, cancer rehabilitation physicians should be aware of their potential side effects on the peripheral nervous system and the evolving role of electrodiagnostic testing (EDX). Immune checkpoint inhibitors may cause severe neuromuscular side effects. Novel methods of radiation delivery (hypofractionated and single-fraction radiation) may also lead to nerve and muscle injury. Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of paraprotein-related neuropathies are important to recognize. EDX is an essential diagnostic tool utilized by clinicians evaluating and treating neuromuscular complications of cancer and its treatment. New cancer-directed treatments may lead to unique patterns of nerve and muscle injuries requiring skilled electrodiagnostic evaluation. Detailed knowledge of the patient’s oncological diagnosis and anti-cancer treatments received in addition to EDX help solidify the diagnosis and guide treatment and prognosis. Patients may also develop neuromuscular conditions unrelated to their cancer and its treatment.
CHAPTER 6 – Secondary Structure of Proteins

The chapter begins by explaining the secondary structure of proteins. The overall conformation of the main chain of a protein is determined by three torsional bond angles, one of which is fixed by chemical bonding rules. Therefore, the definition of three torsional bond angles for each amino acid in a polypeptide chain is sufficient to describe the entire conformation of the main chain of a protein. If these torsional angles have repeating values for a set of contiguous amino acids, the polypeptide segment has secondary structure. The most common forms of secondary structure: the α helix and β strands. The chapter first explains the reasons for analyses in terms of the secondary structure and then; details the chemical nature of a polypeptide chain. The chapter further provides definitions for secondary structure. The β helix is then discussed, and turns assigned to segments of proteins are also detailed. The chapter then provides information on the collagen triple helix, and concludes with a discussion on predictions of the secondary structure.
Failure Analysis of VLSI by I _DDQ Testing

A method for enhancing the popular failure techniques has been presented. The method was built on three principles: CMOS devices only draw power during switching operation; fault defects, both floating and stuck will consume power if properly conditioned; bridging fault model test programs combined with the combinational logic designs, the elevated power state should surface at some vector point prior to the location of the falling vector. A system was constructed by making use of an older vintage emission microscope. The system was configured so that direct docking to existing production hardware is possible. Using this system, five case studies were presented. The case studies proved that quiescent current signature scan analysis was successful at locating the defects within the failing units after conventional failure analysis techniques had been exhausted. Both bridging faults and floating faults were detected.
Visual mediators as aids to paired-associate learning

Studies concerning visual imagery and learning in paired associate (P/A) tasks offer some support for present and long standing instructional materials design practices. However, generalization to real school materials is somewhat tenuous because the method of experimental pictorial and verbal elaboration of stimulus and response (S and R) terms is dissimilar to that commonly found in instructional materials where verbal and pictorial mediation occur in concert. The study reported here was an attempt to validate some recommendations from research with the added dimension of
Advances in Electrodiagnostic Instruments: Principles and Applications of Digital Signal Processing

Electrodiagnostic instrumentation has evolved over the past decade to incorporate microprocessors and digital signal processing capabilities. The most tangible benefits of this evolution have been the improved ease, accuracy, and quality of routine nerve conduction, electromyographic, and evoked potential studies. In addition, these capabilities have been essential in facilitating the development of a wide variety of quantitative analysis procedures for improving the clinical diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. This article reviews the concepts of digital instruments and digital signal processing techniques needed by electrodiagnostic physicians to provide an appreciation of the clinical role, research applications, and potential sources of errors and misuse of these advances.
Influence of high volumes of silica fume on the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes

Abstract Specialized classes of concrete, such as ultra-high performance concrete, use volumes of silica fume in concrete that are higher than those in conventional concrete, resulting in increased water demand and mixing difficulty. This study considered the effects of eight different silica fumes in three dosages (10%, 20%, 30%) with three w/b (0.20, 0.30, 0.45) on rheological behavior as characterized by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Results indicated that the specific source of silica fume used, in addition to dosage and w/b, had a significant effect on the rheological behavior. As such, all silica fumes cannot be treated as equivalent or be directly substituted one for another without modification of the mixture proportion. The rheology of cement pastes is significantly affected by the physical properties of silica fume more so than any chemical effects.
A novel palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinoxalines and 3,4-dihydroquinoxalinones.

Reactions of enamines, derived from 2-nitroanilines and α-substituted aldehydes, with carbon monoxide (6 atm) in the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (Pd(dba)2) and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) afford readily separated mixtures of 1,2-dihydroquinoxalines and 3,4-dihydroquinoxalinones. Addition of a catalytic amount of 1,10-phenanthroline to the reaction mixture substantially improved the yield of products.
Abstract 102: Genetic Deletion of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in the Mitochondria of the Proximal Tubules Aggravates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension by Impairing the Pressure-Natriuresis Response in Proximal Tubule-Specific SIRT3 Knockout Mice

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a key mitochondrial protein in the sirtuin family, plays a key role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function via its anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory effects...
Prolonged Balloon Inflation to Effect Full Stent Expansion in Critical CAD During Left Ventricular Support.

Abstract The extent to which a stent is expanded is a primary factor in determining both short- and long-term outcomes during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This paper presents the first case of prolonged balloon inflation using the pressure optimization protocol allowing full stent expansion during PCI of critical coronary artery disease with severely reduced ejection fraction using the Impella. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
Defect detection performance of a high-speed rail inspection system from passive acoustic identification

Inspection of railway tracks using ultrasonic techniques has been growing in importance since the last few years. Most of the existing technologies, however, operate at low speeds (~30 mph) using specialized test vehicles. This paper is based on a new technology utilizing non-contact air-coupled ultrasonic transducers for high-speed (up to 80 mph) rail inspection through the extraction of the acoustic Green’s function of a rail segment between a pair of sensors. The Green’s function is extracted passively using an output-only approach with the wheels of the locomotive acting as the source of excitation. The paper will focus on the results of various field tests conducted at the Transportation Technology Center in Pueblo, CO. Specifically, the detection performance of the “passive” prototype will be determined based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves that are obtained for various rail discontinuities (joints, welds, defects) and with varying operational parameters (speed, length of baseline distribution, number of runs, etc.). The optimum selection of these parameters will be determined based on these curves.
Argument, Inference, and Persuasion

This paper distinguishes between two types of persuasive force arguments can have in terms of two different connections between arguments and inferences. First, borrowing from Pinto (in Argument, inference, and dialectic, Kluwer Academic Pub, Dordrecht, 2001), an arguer's invitation to inference directly persuades an addressee if the addressee performs an inference that the arguer invites. This raises the question of how invited inferences are determined by an invitation to inference. Second, borrowing from Sorenson (J Philos 88:245–266, 1991), an arguer's invitation to inference indirectly persuades an addressee if the addressee performs an inference guided by the argument even though it is uninvited. This raises the question of how an invitation to inference can guide inferences that the arguer does not use the argument to invite. Focusing on belief-inducing inference, the primary aims here are (i) to clarify what is necessary for an addressee's belief-inducing inference to be invited by an argument used as an instrument of persuasion; and (ii) to highlight the capacity of arguments to guide such inferences. The paper moves beyond Pinto's (2001) discussion by using Boghossian's (Philos Stud 169:1–18, 2014) Taking Condition in service of (i) and (ii) in way that illustrates how epistemically bad arguments can rationally persuade addressees of their conclusions.
Measurement Extraction of Two Targets With Unequal and Unknown Intensities in an FPA

This article extends previous work on location and intensity estimation for measurement extraction of targets in a focal plane array. Prior work has been done to extract single targets and two targets of equal intensity, whereas this work explores the case where two targets have unequal and unknown intensities. Here, we assume a Gaussian point spread function (PSF) with spread $\sigma _{\text{PSF}}$ , but our approach could be applied to other PSF shapes. We present a maximum likelihood (ML) method for target extraction under resolved and unresolved assumptions. In the unresolved case, we estimate the parameters of a single target that represents the centroid of the two unresolved targets. We also present the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the estimation variances for both cases. Our simulation results show that resolved targets have their parameter vectors estimated efficiently (i.e., the variance meets the CRLB) when the targets are separated by $0.9\sigma _{\mathrm{PSF}}$ , or about 1.8 pixel widths. We also find that estimation of the centroid parameters is efficient below a target separation of $0.65\sigma _{{\mathrm{PSF}}}$ . Furthermore, we find that increased difference in the SNR of two targets causes the variances in the resolved scenario to be lower, and in the case of the unresolved scenario, to increase. We also derive and characterize a decision about target cardinality as a hypothesis testing problem, and develop a generalized likelihood ratio test to perform the decision making. The performance of this test is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations, and matches well to theoretical predictions. Finally, we explore the effect of separation between targets, and individual target SNR on resolvability.
Reconfigurable All-dielectric Metasurfaces based on Optical Phase change Materials: Design Approaches

Optical metasurface is a recently emerged paradigm for controlling light propagation, which enables implementation of ultra-compact optical devices with extended functionalities. Nowadays the main challenge in the field is to realize active metasurfaces with high quality, high efficiency, and large tuning range. Here we present a design approach for constructing a two-state reconfigurable metalens made of low-loss optical phase-change material (O-PCM). The metalens design is capable to produce diffraction limited focusing, large change in focal length (from 1.5 mm to 2mm), and decent focusing efficiency of about 20% in both states. The proposed design methodology is generic and can be easily extended towards constructing metasurfaces, which can switch between two or more arbitrary phase maps.
A New Tool for Developing the Community-Engaged Scholar: Review of The Craft of Community-Engaged Teaching and Learning

In The Craft of Community-Engaged Teaching and Learning: A Guide for Faculty Development, Marshall Welch and Star Plaxton-Moore provide an accessible, yet comprehensive, introduction to the field of community-engaged scholarship. The book’s three major sections provide a developmental sequence that can help faculty establish core competencies of the community-engaged scholar. Although intended to be used as a textbook for faculty development programs, new and seasoned engaged scholars alike will benefit from this nearly encyclopedic overview of the history, theoretical foundations, and best practices of university–community engagement. *** En El arte de la ensenanza y el aprendizaje a traves de la participacion comunitaria: Una guia para el desarrollo del docente, Marshall Welch y Star Plaxton-Moore ofrecen una introduccion accessible, a la vez que exhaustiva, a las becas en el marco de la participacion comunitaria. Las tres secciones principales del libro presentan una secuencia de desarrollo que puede ayudar al docente a adquirir las competencias eseciales del academico comprometido con la comunidad. Este libro de texto, pensado originalmente para programas de capacitacion docente, beneficiara no solo a nuevos academicos sino tambien a los experimentados, por su vision casi enciclopedica de la historia, los fundamentos teoricos y las mejores practicas del compromiso entre la universidad y la comunidad.
Dulaglutide: an evidence-based review of its potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Introduction As the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is anticipated to continue to rise worldwide, so too are the treatment options also continuing to expand. Current guidelines recommend individualized treatment plans which allow for provider choice and diversity of pharmacotherapeutic regimens. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) class is rapidly expanding, with dulaglutide (Trulicity™) as a once-weekly agent recently approved. Aims This article examines the evidence currently available on the efficacy and safety of dulaglutide for use in T2DM. Evidence review Dulaglutide has been shown to have similar efficacy and safety to other newer GLP-1 RAs, and better glycemic control than placebo. It lowers glycated hemoglobin (A1c), fasting and postprandial glucose levels, and promotes weight loss when used as first-, second-, or third-line therapy. It has also been shown to improve β-cell function and provide cardiovascular benefits, such as lower blood pressure and improved lipid levels. Dulaglutide also has a low risk for hypoglycemia and a similar adverse effect profile to other GLP-1 RAs in the class, with transient gastrointestinal problems and potential risk for pancreatitis. Place in therapy While long-term data on safety and efficacy are forthcoming, dulaglutide is positioned to be placed at the same level as other GLP-1 RAs in the class: as second-line therapy in addition to diet and exercise in those patients who cannot achieve glycemic control on monotherapy metformin. It may also be useful as first-line therapy instead of metformin. Conclusion Dulaglutide is a once-weekly GLP-1 RA approved for the treatment of T2DM that has shown similar efficacy to other agents in this class.
La traduction comme instrument de défense et de résistance des Canadiens francophones

La presse ancienne canadienne est un temoin privilegie des changements politiques et sociaux survenus pendant le xixe siecle au Canada. Dans cette presse, la traduction occupe une place importante, puisque les journaux publies a l’etranger et en langue etrangere sont la principale source d’information des redacteurs de l’epoque. L’un des premiers periodiques publies a Montreal (1826-1899), La Minerve, revet une importance particuliere car il est publie tout au long du xixe siecle. Ce periodique fait d’ailleurs l’objet d’une activite traductionnelle intense. L’etude de la traduction dans La Minerve permet d’observer le « rapport d’inegalite politique » (Simon 1989 : 19) entre le Canada anglais et le Canada francais. Les exemples cites demontrent que la traduction dans La Minerve est employee en tant qu’instrument de defense du peuple canadien francophone, entoure d’anglophones.
Detecting and Reporting Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion: Differences Across Consumer and Physician Audiences and by Number and Type of Deceptive Claims and Tactics

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Bad Ad program provides an avenue for healthcare providers to report false or misleading prescription drug promotion. Yet, whether healthcare providers can detect such promotion, and whether they believe it should be reported to FDA, remain open questions. Consumer audiences may also be capable of detecting such promotion and believe it should be reported, but even less is known about capability and belief in this population. Across two experiments using mock pharmaceutical websites, this research investigated capability to detect and inclination to report deceptive prescription drug promotion among a sample of primary care physicians and consumers. Study 1 varied the number of deceptive claims and tactics on a website for a chronic pain medication, operationalized as none, two, or five. Study 2 varied the type of deceptive content on a website for a weight loss medication, operationalized as none, implicit, or explicit. Findings reveal that, in line with expectations from FDA's Bad Ad program, physicians can detect deceptive promotion and tend to believe it should be reported. Consumers are also capable of detecting deceptive promotion and tend to believe it should be reported, but their capabilities and beliefs regarding reporting are generally lower.
Evangelicals and a Theological Response to Globalization: A Commentary on Particularized Issues:

This article invites a vision of the Western Evangelical church standing in contrast to globalization particularly through a consideration of its capitalistic economic system. By considering person...
Weak Harmonic Maaß Forms and the Principal Series for SL(2, \mathbb{R})

We use the representation theory of \(SL(2, \mathbb{R})\) to construct examples of functions with transformation properties associated to classical modular forms and Maas wave forms. We show that for special eigenvalues of the Laplacian, a Maas wave form may be associated naturally with both a weak harmonic Maas form and a classical modular form, leading to examples of weak harmonic Maas forms for all even negative integer weights.
- DmErkA: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (D. melanogaster)

The Erks, or MAP kinases, are activated in response to a dizzying array of extracellular ligands that act through a variety of cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). The Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) ERK-A gene is a closely related member of the MAP kinase family. DmErkA is encoded at the rolled locus and is a genetically required member of several D. melanogaster RTK signal transduction pathways. The ERK-A gene was localized cytologically on salivary gland polytene chromosomes to the centromeric heterochromatin of the second chromosome. The rolled (r1) locus had been previously mapped to this same region. Molecular and genetic analysis has demonstrated that the r1 locus encodes DmErkA. The domain structure of DmErkA comprises of a catalytic domain, with short N- and C-terminal extensions. Genetic analysis has indicated that there are several proteins required in similar developmental decisions to DmErkA, but which are likely to be downstream from it. These proteins include the transcription factors Sina and Yan, which positively and negatively regulate R7 development, respectively. Biochemical experiments will be necessary to evaluate whether these proteins are targets of DmErkA.
Causes of death in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND Survivors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) face excess mortality from multiple causes. METHODS We used the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data to evaluate the causes of death in patients with nonmetastatic HNSCC diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 who survived at least 3 years from diagnosis (long-term survivors). We used competing-risks proportional hazards regression to estimate probabilities of death from causes: HNSCC, second primary malignancy (SPM) excluding HNSCC, cardiovascular disease, and other causes. RESULTS We identified 35,958 three-year survivors of HNSCC with a median age at diagnosis of 60 years (range = 18-100 years) and a median follow-up of 7.7 years (range = 3-18 years). There were 13,120 deaths during the study period. Death from any cause at 5 and 10 years was 15.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.0%-15.8%) and 41.0% (95% CI = 40.4%-41.6%), respectively. There were 3852 HNSCC deaths including both primary and subsequent head and neck tumors. The risk of death from HNSCC was greater in patients with nasopharynx or hypopharynx cancer and in patients with locally advanced disease. SPM was the leading cause of non-HNSCC death, and the most common sites of SPM death were lung (53%), esophagus (10%), and colorectal (5%) cancer. CONCLUSIONS Many long-term HNSCC survivors die from cancers other than HNSCC and from noncancer causes. Routine follow-up care for HNSCC survivors should expand beyond surveillance for recurrent and new head and neck cancers. Cancer 2014;120:1507–1513. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Evidence for an internal regulatory region in a human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain gene.

We have isolated genomic clones which encode the promoter and flanking region of human nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (MHC)-A. The sequence of this region shows many features typical of a housekeeping gene; there is no TATA element and no functional CAAT box. The GC content is high, having an average GC content of 74% in the 600 base pairs (bp) surrounding the transcriptional start sites, and multiple GC boxes (putative Sp1 binding sites) are present. A number of nucleotide sites are utilized for the initiation of transcription. Promoter activity was monitored using luciferase as a reporter following transient transfection into NIH 3T3 cells. Analysis of 5‘ and 3‘ deletion mutants in the promoter region defines the core promoter as extending from nucleotide -112 to +61, where +1 is a major transcriptional start site. An essential sequence for core promoter activity resides in the 36-bp region from -77 to -112 which includes a single potential AP-2 binding site and a single potential Sp1 binding site. The region just downstream from the transcriptional start site (between +62 and +257) was found to be involved in cell type-specific activation of nonmuscle MHC-A gene expression. The increase in luciferase activity due to this proximal downstream region is approximately 15-fold in NIH 3T3 cells, but no increase was observed in C2C12 myotubes and neuroblastoma cells. This 196-bp region, which consists of 100 bp from exon 1 and 96 bp from intron 1, functions in a position- and orientation-dependent manner. Quantitation of luciferase mRNA content driven by the MHC-A promoter, using both competitive polymerase chain reaction and RNase protection assays, revealed that the increase seen in luciferase mRNA due to the 196-bp fragment is approximately 5-fold in NIH 3T3 cells. This only accounts for about one-third of the total increase seen in luciferase activity (protein amounts). Thus, this proximal downstream region appears to activate gene expression in NIH 3T3 cells via both pretranslational (transcription and/or mRNA stability) and translational mechanisms.
Freud, tourism, and terror: traversing the fantasies of post-September 11 travel magazines.

Abstract Travel and tourist magazines are major sources of information about destinations, events, accommodations, and transportation. The majority of this information is conveyed visually through colorful, stimulating, and seductive photographs of familiar landscapes and destinations. We examine a dozen popular U.S. travel magazines in the five months following the events of September 11, 2001 to discern the extent to which issues of risk, security, and anxiety are addressed or disavowed in editorials, articles, advertisements, and photographs. There is little mention of the tragic events on the magazine covers, in photographs, and articles; however, editors and regular staff writers often discussed security and risk and their impacts on destinations. In evaluating the magazines' responses, this paper draws on the work of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan to offer the most rigorous utilization of psychoanalytic theory in tourism studies to date. In so doing, we seek to initiate a belated dialogue between c...
The commensal bacteria metabolites short chain fatty acids positively regulate epithelial innate immune responses in the gut (MUC4P.847)

Short chain acids (SCFAs) are highly produced by gut commensal bacteria and play important roles in regulating immune responses. SCFAs can regulate epithelial cells an dimmune cells, and some of the functions are mediated through GPR41 and GPR43. Epithelial cells highly express both GPR41 and GPR43, but the functions of these receptors in regulation of epithelial innate immunity remain unclear. To investigate this, we utilized mice deficient in expression of GPR41 or GPR43. When the gut barrier function was breached with 50% ethanol, GPR41-/- and GPR43-/- mice were defective in expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL1b and TNFa) and chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2) in response to invading bacteria. When the mice were infected with C. rodentium, the KO mice were delayed in mounting immune responses and clearing the pathogen. On the other hand, wild type mice with increased levels of SCFAs were more efficient in expression of the inflammatory factors. The results of our bone marrow transfer and in vitro culture experiments indicate that epithelial GPR41 and GPR43 play critical roles in mediating the SCFA signal. SCFAs induced a series of signaling events from the surface receptors to ERKs and to ATF2 activation to express the inflammatory factors. These processes are required to recruit and activate immune cells to clear pathogenic bacteria. Our results revealed a novel positive role of short chain fatty acids and their receptors in regulating intestinal immunity.
The infrared spectrum of C3O2: The interaction between ν7 and the ν2 and ν4 vibrations

Abstract The 3ν 1 7 , 3ν 3 7 , and 4ν 0 7 hot bands of the ν 4 fundamental of C 3 O 2 in the 1580 cm −1 region were analyzed from tunable diode laser spectra and the ground state to ν 4 + 2ν 0 7 band at 1644 cm −1 from Fourier transform spectra (FTS). The molecular constants for all of the v 4 1 ← 0 bands as well as the intensity of the ν 0 + 2ν 0 7 sum band relative to the ν 4 fundamental were in agreement with the predictions of the model of Weber and Ford. FTS spectra at 0.05 cm −1 resolution were obtained of the sum and difference bands of ν 2 with ν 7 in the 750–900 cm −1 region. Sharp Q branches occur for each ν 7 state in the sum bands, but only a number of R -branch bandheads and no recognizable Q branches in the difference bands. Assignments of the sum band Q branches through v 7 = 6 were made and molecular constants were determined for the ν 2 + ν 1 7 ← 0 transition at 819.7 cm −1 . The ν 7 potential function in the v 2 = 1 state was found to have a 1.2 cm −1 barrier with a minimum at α = 4.9°, where 2α is the angular deviation from linearity. The Q -branch positions predicted from the calculated energy levels fit those observed within several cm −1 .
A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON CULTURAL DIFFERENCE: EPISTEMOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY AND INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY ACROSS CULTURES

Most cross-cultural studies of management have been sociological type. Conventional view of cultures and sociological perspective has resulted in the assumption that within each culture members are homogeneous in their psychological make-up, logic, and perspective. Although researchers have reminded us that people vary on pivotal psychological dimensions, both on a between-country and within-country basis, these reminders were not heeded. Maruyama’s theories and research on epistemological heterogeneity, and individual heterogeneity across cultures, or as it is called, mindscape, were the exception. This paper elaborates on epistemological heterogeneity and individual heterogeneity across cultures. It suggests that researchers in international management could use this line of inquiry to expand upon our understanding of effective managerial practices dealing with cultural differences among people.
Forward integration into distribution: An empirical test of transaction cost analysis

The issue of forward vertical integration has attracted a good deal of attention from researchers in several disciplines, including economics, marketing, and law. Many explanations have been offered for this phenomenon, including technological interrelationships involving economies of scale and scope (Chandler), uncertainty and risk considerations (Arrow, 1969), information externalities (Green), and strategic purposes. Blair and Kaserman (1983) offer an extensive survey of the extant literature in this area. Of particular note, however, is the recent rise in prominence of the transaction costs analysis (TCA) of vertical integration. This approach consists of a blend of institutional economics, organizational theory, and contract law, and has been developed primarily by Oliver Williamson (1979, 1985). He views vertical integration as a response to the inability of arms-length market relationships to govern exchange efficiently under particular circumstances. The level of specialized assets' required to support the exchange, the uncertainty2 surrounding the exchange, and the frequency3 of exchange are
Parental perspectives on goals of care discussions with the healthcare team for their child with cancer

Keywords: oncology; communication; pediatric; intensive care; family meeting; goals of care conversations
First Persons: On Richard Moran's Authority and Estrangement

Richard Moran's Authority and Estrangement offers a subtle and innovative account of self-knowledge that lifts the problem out of the narrow confines of epistemology and into the broader context of practical reasoning and moral psychology. Moran argues convincingly that fundamental self/other asymmetries are essential to our concept of persons. Moreover, the first- and the third-person points of view are systematically interconnected, so that the expression or avowal of one's attitudes constitutes a substantive form of self-knowledge. But while Moran's argument is wide-ranging and compelling, he relies throughout on an overly intellectualized conception of first-person attitudes as attitudes of reflection or deliberation. That conception is at once implausible and unnecessary to the main current of his argument, whose goal is to demonstrate that our self-conception as persons depends on both the distinctness and the interconnectedness of our first- and third-person perspectives on ourselves.