cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical and Numerical Study of the Evaporation of a Single Fuel Droplet With a Vaporized Fuel Background

A simplified set of equations is examined for the problem of droplet evaporation. The equations employ the Clausius-Clapeyron boundary condition for the surface fuel-vapor condensation, which is responsible for numerous interesting mathematical behaviors, including the existence of an initial condensation stage followed by the classical d2 -evaporation stage. Numerical methods of analysis are used, in conjunction with asymptotic analysis of each stage: (I) condensation; (II) transition; (III) evaporation. Comparisons are made with previous experiments. A brief discussion is provided of effective droplet evaporation in partial condensation environments.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Organizational factors and depression management in community-based primary care settings

Background Evidence-based quality improvement models for depression have not been fully implemented in routine primary care settings. To date, few studies have examined the organizational factors associated with depression management in real-world primary care practice. To successfully implement quality improvement models for depression, there must be a better understanding of the relevant organizational structure and processes of the primary care setting. The objective of this study is to describe these organizational features of routine primary care practice, and the organization of depression care, using survey questions derived from an evidence-based framework.
Airborne measurement of drop size distributions for drops larger than 60 μm

Abstract An airborne instrument able to collect selectively and replicate large drops (diameter greater than 60 μm) is described. The large drops reach the collector by their inertia, while the small ones moving along with the air are not collected even though their number concentration may be more than 1000 times larger than the large drops. This instrument, which can be mounted on a light aircraft, can be used either to determine the concentration of the drift drops in cooling tower plumes or precipitation elements in clouds. Data are included from flights through cooling tower plumes.
Technology: Beyond E-mail: Electronic Journals

the principal uses of the Internet by faculty and academic staff electronic mail and electronic academic journals. (Electronic conferencing, another Internet use important to faculty and academic staff, will be taken up in a future column.) In addition to exploring the concept of e-journals, we also will share with you the process and some results of our experiences in establishing an electronic, refereed journal.
Photocontrol of Motor Proteins using Photo-Responsive Calmodulin Dimer

Calmodulin (CaM) is a physiologically important Ca2+-binding protein that participates in numerous cellular regulatory processes. CaM undergoes a conformational change upon binding to Ca2+, which enables it to bind to target proteins for specific responses. For example, Ca2+/CaM regulates function of myosin V, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) etc. Previously, we succeeded to photocontrol CaM function using photochromic molecule N- (4-phenylazophenyl) maleimide (PAM), which reversibly undergoes cis-trans isomerization upon ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) light irradiation. The CaM mutants, which have a single cysteine in the functional region of CaM, were prepared and modified with PAM. The binding of PAM-CaM to target peptide M13 was controlled reversibly upon UV and VIS light irradiation. In this study, we prepared the photo responsive dimer CaM by cross-linking of CaM mutants with bifunctional photochromic compound, 4,4′-azobenzene-dimaleimide (ABDM) in order to apply to photo control of motor proteins. For the CaM dimer, it is expected that the relative special configuration of each of CaM cross-linked with ABDM changes by UV-VIS light irradiation. Subsequently, we prepared the fusion protein, K355-M13 composed of kinesin motor domain and M13 peptide. The monomeric K355-M13 formed dimer configuration by CaM dimer. In the presence of Ca2+, two K355-M13 bound to the each site of CaM dimer resulted in formation of kinesin dimer linked by CaM-ABDM-CaM. The phtocontrol of the motor activity and microtubule dependent ATPase activity of the photochromic kinesin dimer was studied. Application of CaM-ABDM-CaM to MLCK and myosin was also performed.
Daughter Trajectories and Unequal-Mass Scattering

It has recently been demonstrated by Goldberger and Jones (I) and by Freedman and Wang (II) that Regge asymptotic behavior obtains at high energy even in regions in which the crossed-channel $cos\ensuremath{\theta}$ variable is constrained by unequal-mass kinematics to remain finite. Approaches I and II differ, however, in other important respects. In this note it is shown that method I can be adapted and used to prove the existence and properties of the Regge daughter trajectories found in II. In this argument, an extra assumption necessary in II is avoided, and the restriction $\ensuremath{\alpha}(0)l\frac{1}{2}$ found in I is eliminated.
Formal total synthesis of rosefuran and elbanolide

Abstract The dirhodium tetraacetate-induced decomposition of diazoacetylacetic esters has been shown to be an efficient method of preparation of 3(2 H )furanones and subsequently tetronic acids. C(2)-Prenylation of 5-methoxy-3(2 H )furanone and exposure of the product to Tebbe reagent produced a butenolide, which previously has been transformed into the monoterpenes rosefuran and eldanolide.
Desiccation tolerances for three hermit crab species Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc), Pagurus pollicaris Say and P. longicarpus Say (Decapoda, Anomura) in the North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, U.S.A.

Abstract Water loss and survival time were determined for individual shell-less hermit crabs subjected to desiccation. Of the species studied, Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc) was the most tolerant of water loss; this species survived over 1 1 2 times as long as Pagurus pollicaris Say and almost four times as long as P. longicarpus Say. C. vittatus died after a greater loss of body water (50.3 ± 2.2%) than either P. pollicaris (36.2 ± 1.9%) or P. longicarpus (45.6 ± 2.7%). Water content of all three species was 66–68% of initial wet weight. C. vittatus, which is frequently found exposed to the air at low tide, is the most resistant to desiccation; the Pagurus species, which are rarely, if ever, exposed, are very intolerant of water loss.
Fixed points of boundary-preserving maps of punctured discs

Abstract Let M be a compact connected manifold with nonempty boundary and let f: (M, ∂M) → (M, ∂M) be a boundary-preserving map. We denote the relative Nielsen number of f, in the sense of Schirmer, by N∂(f) and write MF∂[f] for the minimum number of fixed points of all maps homotopic to f as maps of pairs. Let Δn denote the two-dimensional disc with n open discs removed. Brown and Sanderson have shown that Δn is boundary-Wecken for n = 0, 1 and almost boundary-Wecken for n = 2, with a bound of 1. A map f: (Δn, ∂Δn) → (Δn, ∂Δn) is called boundary inessential if f is null homotopic on each boundary component. We show, for n⩾2: (i) If f: (Δn, ∂Δn) → (Δn, ∂Δn) is boundary inessential, then f is boundary-Wecken. (ii) If f: (Δn, ∂Δn) → (Δn, ∂Δn) is a map such that the image of the boundary of Δn intersects each boundary component, then f is boundary-Wecken. (iii) There exists a class of maps f: (Δn, ∂Δn) → (Δn, ∂Δn), called maps with one essential component, such that MF∂[f] − N∂(f) ⩽ 1. In particular, for n = 2 the results (i)-(iii) imply that Δ2 is almost boundary-Wecken. We give an example of a family of maps f[m]: (Δn, ∂Δn) → (Δn, ∂Δn) for n⩾3 which have two essential components, and such that N∂(f[m]) = 1 but MF∂[f[m]] = 4m + 1, which implies Δn is totally non-boundary-Wecken for n⩾3.
Development of an EGFRvIII specific recombinant antibody

EGF receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common variant of the EGF receptor observed in human tumors. It results from the in frame deletion of exons 2-7 and the generation of a novel glycine residue at the junction of exons 1 and 8. This novel juxtaposition of amino acids within the extra-cellular domain of the EGF receptor creates a tumor specific and immunogenic epitope. EGFRvIII expression has been seen in many tumor types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), breast adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer, but has been rarely observed in normal tissue. Because this variant is tumor specific and highly immunogenic, it can be used for both a diagnostic marker as well as a target for immunotherapy. Unfortunately many of the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against EGFRvIII have cross reactivity to wild type EGFR or other non-specific proteins. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody to EGFRvIII is not readily available to the scientific community. In this study, we have developed a recombinant antibody that is specific for EGFRvIII, has little cross reactivity for the wild type receptor, and which can be easily produced. We initially designed a recombinant antibody with two anti-EGFRvIII single chain Fv's linked together and a human IgG1 Fc component. To enhance the specificity of this antibody for EGFRvIII, we mutated tyrosine H59 of the CDRH2 domain and tyrosine H105 of the CDRH3 domain to phenylalanine for both the anti-EGFRvIII sequence inserts. This mutated recombinant antibody, called RAbDMvIII, specifically detects EGFRvIII expression in EGFRvIII expressing cell lines as well as in EGFRvIII expressing GBM primary tissue by western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) and FACS analysis. It does not recognize wild type EGFR in any of these assays. The affinity of this antibody for EGFRvIII peptide is 1.7 × 107 M-1 as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This recombinant antibody thus holds great potential to be used as a research reagent and diagnostic tool in research laboratories and clinics because of its high quality, easy viability and unique versatility. This antibody is also a strong candidate to be investigated for further in vivo therapeutic studies.
Changes in the enthalpy and entropy of hydroxyl aromatics in reversed-phase liquid chromatography with β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase

Standard enthalpy (ΔH°) and etropy (ΔS°) changes were obtained for several hydroxyl aromatics without β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase, and enthalpy (ΔH°f) and entropy (ΔS°f of complex formation were calculated for the hydroxyl aromatics with β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase. Negative enthalpy and entropy values were obtained without β-cyclodextrin present in the mobile phase. With β-cyclodextrin in the mobiel phase, negative values for the enthalpy of complex formation were obtained, but positive values were obtained for the entropy of complex formation. An equation was derived that relates the capacity factors with β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phse to ΔH°, ΔH°f, Δ°, ΔS°f, phase ratio, formation constant, and equilibrium concentration of β-cyclodextrin. Several correlations were developed for the thermodynamic properties, and it was found that the model compounds could be classified into two groups based primarily on their thermodynamic properties.
Solid acid catalysts: Stain and shine

Catalyst particles for fluid catalytic cracking are vital for the oil-refinery industry, but their activity is hard to diagnose because of their inter- and intra-particle structural inhomogeneity. With fluorescence confocal microscopy and selective staining, one can now pinpoint the catalytic activity within single catalyst particles from an industrial reactor.
Inhibition of the catabolic effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in rats by a diet high in potassium chloride.

IT IS well recognized that hyperadrenocorticism whether spontaneous or induced by exogenous ACTH may be associated with a negative nitrogen balance and reduction of potassium concentrations in blood and tissues. To what extent these phenomena of nitrogen and electrolyte metabolism may be interrelated is not clear, although there are reports in the literature which suggest that an interrelationship is present. Pearson, Eliel, and Rawson (1950) have reported the metabolic balance data on a patient who was given extra KC1 while receiving ACTH. These data show a slight reduction of questionable significance in the degree of negative nitrogen balance which coincides with the KC1 administration. Kepler (1948) demonstrated that a patient with Cushing’s syndrome who was in a negative nitrogen balance developed a positive nitrogen balance when given an additional 6 gm. of KC1 per day. In view of these findings it seemed of interest to investigate
HIPLEX-1: Experimental Design and Response Variables

Abstract The design and conduct of HIPLEX-1, a randomized seeding experiment carried out on small cumulus congestus clouds in eastern Montana, are outlined. The seeding agent was dry ice, introduced in an effort to produce microphysical effects, especially the earlier formation of precipitation in the seeded clouds. The earlier formation was expected to increase both the probability and the amount of precipitation from those small clouds with short lifetimes. The experimental unit selection procedure, treatment and randomization procedures, the physical hypothesis, measurement procedures and the response variables defined for the experiment are discussed. Procedures used to calculate the response variables from aircraft and radar measurements are summarized and the values of those variables for the 20 HIPLEX-1 test cases from 1979 and 1980 are tabulated.
Proposed Bylaws Changes Open for Comment

AGU members are invited to comment on proposed changes to AGU's bylaws. The updates reflect changes required by Washington, D. C., law and changes enacted by the AGU Board of Directors and Council during the transition in 2010–2012 to a new governance structure. Members can view and comment on the proposed changes at http://sites.agu.org/leadership/agu-bylaws-comment-period/. The comment period is open until 18 November.
Microscopic lesions of the left atrial endocardium in chronic rheumatic heart disease

Abstract Endocarditis of the left atrium is a frequent and possibly constant lesion in acute rheumatic heart disease. The site of predilection is the posterior wall of the atrium, a short distance above the posterior mitral leaflet. Grossly, the endocardium is thickened, and its surface is opaque, rough, nodular, and the seat of numerous irregular ridges. Microscopically, there is usually diffuse change consisting of enlargement and hyperplasia of connective tissue cells, edema, degeneration of collagen, cellular exudate, and, in some instances, Aschoff nodules. Most previous reports have been concerned mainly with the lesions of acute rheumatic endocarditis 1–4 . This study deals with the chronic or healed phase of the disease. The principal purpose was to determine what microscopic changes in these later lesions can be regarded as positive stigmas of rheumatic inflammation.
Impact of oxygen adsorption on a population of mass produced carbon nanotube field effect transistors

Abstract A large population of carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNT-FETs), including a variety of channel morphologies with single and multiple tubes, was electrically characterized in atmospheric, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and oxygen-rich environments. Devices were systematically classified according to the number and nature of the bridging CNTs based on a rigorous device characterization methodology. A statistical analysis of the interaction of oxygen with such a complex population of devices reveals shifts in carrier type, contact resistance and threshold voltages indicative of both charge trapping and transport barrier modulation at the tube–electrode interface. Devices with a single semiconducting tube could be changed from p-type (hole conduction) at atmosphere to n-type (electron conduction) through vacuum-annealing. Furthermore, the average resistance of these CNT-FETs after annealing was observed to decrease from 2.16 MΩ under UHV to 1.0 MΩ in the presence of pure oxygen while threshold voltages shifted from −5.5 V to −2.2 V. Overall responses to ambient conditions is dependent on the device morphology as well as the use of thermal annealing.
Maximum leakage times through puncture holes for process vessels of various shapes

Abstract In this work, equations are developed for the drainage of vessels of different geometrical shapes through a side leak. From these equations, the maxima in the leakage times, divided by the time required to drain the full vessel from its bottom as a function of the side leak elevation, are determined. Five different geometric shapes are considered here — spheres, cylinders, cones, paraboloids and ellipsoids. The equations and ma- xima for the latter three configurations have not previously appeared in the literature.
Seeking long-term relationship: axon and target communicate to organize synaptic differentiation.

Synapses form after growing axons recognize their appropriate targets. The subsequent assembly of aligned pre and postsynaptic specializations is critical for synaptic function. This highly precise apposition of presynaptic elements (i.e. active zones) to postsynaptic specializations (i.e. neurotransmitter receptor clusters) strongly suggests that communication between the axon and target is required for synaptic differentiation. What trans-synaptic factors drive such differentiation at vertebrate synapses? First insights into the answers to this question came from studies at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), where axon-derived agrin and muscle-derived laminin β2 induce post and presynaptic differentiation, respectively. Recent work has suggested that axon- and target-derived factors similarly drive synaptic differentiation at central synapses. Specifically, WNT-7a, neuroligin, synaptic cell adhesion molecule (SynCAM) and fibroblast growth factor-22 (FGF-22) have all been identified as target-derived presynaptic organizers, whereas axon-derived neuronal activity regulated pentraxin (Narp), ephrinB and neurexin reciprocally co-ordinate postsynaptic differentiation. In addition to these axon- and target-derived inducers of synaptic differentiation, factors released from glial cells have also been implicated in regulating synapse assembly. Together, these recent findings have profoundly advanced our understanding of how precise appositions are established during vertebrate nervous system development.
Immune Activation and Gut Microbes in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent disorder that is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habit. The diagnosis of IBS has traditionally been made by matching the complaints of the patient with established clinical criteria, since the underlying pathophysiology was not known. Various new findings have recently been reported in IBS patients that challenge our concept of IBS as a syndrome with no explanation. While the florid inflammation characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease is absent in IBS, changes suggesting immune activation are present in nearly all IBS patients. Is IBS an autoimmune disease, or is the immune activation responding to a trigger? In this review we present evidence that points to a state of immune activation in IBS and show data that suggest that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth triggers immune activation in IBS.
Predicted maximum mobility in bulk GaN

A 300 K bulk (three-dimensional) mobility of 1245 cm2/V s has been measured in free-standing GaN. Temperature-dependent Hall-effect data on this particular sample are fitted to obtain unknown lattice-scattering parameters, as well as shallow donor (ND) and acceptor (NA) concentrations, which are ND=6.7×1015 and NA=1.7×1015 cm−3. Realistic values of the maximum mobility attainable in bulk GaN are then obtained by assuming two-orders-of-magnitude lower values of ND and NA, leading to a maximum 300 K mobility of 1350 cm2/V s, and a maximum 77 K mobility of 19 200 cm2/V s.
Evidence for Physiological Integration Between Shaded and Unshaded Short Shoots of Thalassia testudinum

Physiological integration of Thalassia testudinum short shoots enables clones to function at a higher level of physiological organization than that of the short shoots themselves. Shaded short shoots connected to non-shaded short shoots had blade growth rates and proximate organic constituent levels equal to non-shaded controls. Shaded short shoots physically isolated from neighboring short shoots had blade growth rates and organic constituent levels different from both controls and shaded short shoots connected to non-shaded short shoots. Support of shaded short shoots appeared to be primarily from older short shoots connected to the shaded short shoots. The amelioration of localized light limitation results in an increased ability of clones to persist in heterogeneous environments. This increases the probability of the clone later encountering more favourable sites through a wider physical spread.
Dynamics and transport of a large acoustic polaron in one dimension

Abstract We have studied the dynamics and transport relaxation of a large polaron in a one-dimensional (1-D) system with an acoustic- (Debye) type phonon spectrum and a deformation potential electron-phonon interaction. The dynamics is treated in a collective coordinate formalism which shows that such a polaron moves as a heavy quasi-particle that carries energy and (crystal) momentum. For thermal energies less than the polaron binding energy, its transport relaxation is dominated by collision processes wherein a thermal phonon is reflected off the polaron with a momentum transfer that is small compared to the thermal polaron momentum. The phonon reflectivity is estimated and found to exhibit a maximum (resonance) for phonon wavelengths that match the polaron size. Furthermore, the reflectivity is largely independent of the polaron momentum. We incorporate these results into a semi-classical (Boltzmann) kinetic theory and obtain a polaron mobility that is independent of the polaron effective mass and decreases monotonically with increasing temperature. These results are compared to and found to be substantially different from those obtained recently for the large polaron in the 1-D molecular cystal model wherein the underlying phonon spectrum has optical (Einstein) character. To study the effects of three-dimensional (3-D) coupling on the 1-D polaron, we propose a simple 3-D extension of the 1-D acoustic model which includes both electronic and elastic interchain interactions. We briefly discuss the question of polaron stability in the presence of 3-D coupling and the criteria of validity for the purely 1-D treatment.
Comparative Toxicity of Aqueous Solutions of Boric Acid and Polybor 3 to House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

LC50s and LT50s of boric acid and polybor formulated in water and 10% sucrose were determined for 3- to 5-d-old adult house flies, Musca domestica (L.), of mixed sex. Differences between boric acid and polybor toxicities were significant in 10% sucrose, but not in water. However, borates formulated in water had significantly lower LC50s than those formulated in 10% sucrose. Rate of kill for formulations in water was fairly uniform over time, whereas mortality from sucrose formulations was not observed until 17 h after treatment. Reasons for differences in the manifestation of mortality and possibilities for practical application are discussed.
Laryngeal framework surgery for the treatment of aspiration

Laryngeal framework surgery for the treatment of aspiration secondary to deficits of the glottic sphincter is a reliable and versatile technique. Improvement in the degree of aspiration, dict, and voice after laryngeal framework surgery have been seen in many patients. Rehabilitation of patients undergoing skull base surgery is also facilitated in respect to avoidance of trachcotomy, early swallowing, and a decrease in number of hospital days. Restoration of subglottic pressure is essential to achieve effective swallowing, and this is accomplished to varying degrees using medialization thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction. Laryngeal framework surgery is associated with low morbidity, and should remain an effective treatment option in those suffering from aspiration secondary to glottic insufficiency.
Neuroendocrine function in Huntington's disease: dopaminergic regulation of prolactin release.

Abstract Plasma prolactin levels were measured in 7 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and 8 age matched controls after the random, oral administration of 1) placebo, 2) chlorpromazine 100 mg, 3) carbidopa 50 mg followed by levodopa 200 mg, and 4) bromocriptine 1 mg. After placebo, HD patients had significantly higher prolactin levels than controls at all times except 180, 240, and 360 minutes. Controls showed a significant suppression of prolactin release at 180 and 240 minutes after levodopa/carbidopa and at 180, 240, and 360 minutes after bromocriptine. In contrast, HD patients demonstrated no change after both levodopa/carbidopa and bromocriptine. Both groups showed a sustained elevation after CPZ, but despite having an initially higher baseline and an earlier response, the maximum prolactin levels of HD patients were significantly less than those of controls. This data suggest that HD patients may have a diminished number of hypothalamic-pituitary dopamine receptors for the regulation PRL secretion.
Critical solution behavior of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) in ionic liquid–water mixtures

The wide diversity of room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) presents opportunities for studying, and controlling, polymer phase behavior. We have examined the phase behavior of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) in imidazolium ILs and their mixtures with water. We find there is a strong influence of the IL anion; specifically, the tetrafluoroborate anion yields a complex phase diagram with both LCST and UCST-type regimes. PNIPAM is generally miscible at intermediate IL–water compositions, although this range depends on the polymer molecular weight. Solvatochromatic characterization of both neat and mixed solvents reveals a key role for the interplay between PNIPAM-IL hydrogen-bonding and ion-pairing within the IL. These results demonstrate that appropriate selection of ILs should allow for increased control over polymer phase behavior.
Developmental patterns of expression and coexpression of myosin heavy chains in atria and ventricles of the avian heart

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the molecular properties of cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and the regions of the developing chicken heart in which they were expressed. Adult atria expressed three electrophoretically distinct MHCs that reacted specifically with mAbs F18, F59, or S58. During embryonic Days 2-4, when the atrial and ventricular chambers are forming, MHCs that reacted with mAbs F18, F59, or S58 were expressed in both the atria and ventricles. The atria continued to express MHCs that reacted with mAbs F18, F59, or S58 at all stages of development and in the adult. In the ventricles, expression of the MHCs reacting with these mAbs was found to be developmentally regulated. By embryonic Day 16, MHC(s) reacting with mAb F18 had disappeared from the developing ventricles, whereas MHCs reacting with S58 and F59 continued to be expressed throughout the ventricles. As development continued, MHC(s) reacting with S58 in the ventricle became restricted to expression in only the ventricular conducting system. MHC(s) reacting with F59 were expressed in both the ventricular myocytes and the ventricular conducting system throughout development and in the adult. Thus, in contrast to the embryonic chicken heart where at least three MHC isoforms were expressed in both the atria and ventricles, we found in the adult chicken heart that-at a minimum-three MHC isoforms were expressed in the atria, two MHC isoforms were expressed in the ventricular conducting system, and one MHC isoform in the ventricular myocardium. MHC isoform expression in the developing avian heart appears to be more complex than previously recognized.
3′-Iso­propyl-8′,8′-di­methyl-2-benzofuran-1-spiro-7′-bi­cyclo­[4.2.0]­octa-1′(6′),2′,4′-trien-3-one

Photolysis of a 2-(2-iso­propyl-benzoyl)­benzoate ester derivative in an oxy­gen-free environment results in the liberation of the alcohol from the ester and formation of the title spiro­lactone, C20H20O2. The mol­ecule of the title compound adopts the syn configuration with respect to the benzene rings, with a dihedral angle of 87.19 (5)° between the benzo­cyclo­butene and isobenzo­furan­one ring planes. The cyclo­butene ring is nearly planar, giving rise to ring distortion, as manifested in the bond distances and angles.
Microstrip gas chambers fabrication based on amorphous silicon and its carbon alloy

Thin (/spl sim/1000 /spl Aring/) semiconducting films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and its carbon alloy (a-SiC:H) were applied to microstrip gas chambers in order to control gain instabilities due to charges in or on the substrate. The surface resistivity has been successfully controlled in the range of 10/sup 12/-10/sup 16/ /spl Omega///spl square/ by changing the relative amount of the carbon content and boron doping level. The light sensitivity, which is defined as the ratio of light-to-dark conductivity, was reduced to nearly unity by doping. Gas gains of /spl sim/2000 and energy resolution of 20% FWHM were achieved and the gain remained constant over a week of operation. Upon prolonged irradiation, the detector overcoated with a-SiC:H aged more slowly by approximately an order of magnitude than the one without surface coating. a-Si:C:H film is an attractive alternative to ion-implanted or semiconducting glass due to the wide range of resistivities possible, and the feasibility of making deposits over a large area at low cost.
Ironies in organizational development

The practice of organization development has by and large been quite successful, as evidenced by the recent proliferation of OD programs in higher education and its widespread application in business environments. Despite these successes, says Robert Golembiewski, or perhaps because of it, practitioners can point to too little translation of individual successes into broader analytic frameworks. This basic irony is the motivating force behind this book. Robert Golembiewski, a leading intellectual force in the field since its inception, takes stock of where OD has been and where it is going. His purpose is to motivate the committed practitioner to develop frameworks that reflect an intellectual grasp of the field and can in turn help further enrich practice. Ironies in Organizational Development argues that the field does quite well, in general; but in numerous particulars it can do much better, with only a modest investment of wit and will. The ironies of which the title speaks are the relative successes in some categories of practice, coupled with areas where opportunity for improvement exists. Golembiewski notes that some of the chapters will be perceived as challenges by some practitioners and theorists and encourage despondency in others. Although many have been previously published, the sources have in some cases been obscure or inaccessible, and most of these chapters will be new to the organizational development practitioner. All have been vigorously revised and updated for book publication. As an overview of the current state of the art of organizational development, this volume will be of interest to old hands in the field as well as new specialists, managers facing the challenge of continuous change in organizational life, and researchers in organization behavior and theory, including social psychologists. The book is self-consciously oriented toward where organizational development is going-and where it has been only as a basis for understanding its future.
Awareness of and behaviors related to child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus

Objective Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common cause of hearing loss and intellectual disability. We assessed CMV knowledge and the frequency of women's behaviors that may enable CMV transmission to inform strategies for communicating prevention messages to women.
EFFECTS OF RADIOTHERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY ON LUNG FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effects of chemoradiation on objective tests of pulmonary function. Methods and materials One hundred lung cancer patients treated in five protocols between 1992 and 2000 with combinations of thoracic radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy were evaluated with pre- and post-RT pulmonary function tests. The pulmonary function tests were analyzed for changes in measures of obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 s per unit of vital capacity [FEV 1 /VC]), restriction (total lung capacity [TLC]), and diffusing capacity (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO]). The use and timing of chemotherapy and RT, as well as patient, tumor, and treatment factors, were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results No treatment or patient factors were significantly associated with changes in FEV 1 /VC. Chemotherapy with RT, compared with RT alone, was associated with a lower post-RT TLC (92% vs. 107%, p = 0.002). Nodal status (N2-N3 vs. N1),tumor location (central vs. peripheral), use of ≥6 treatment fields, and tumor volume ≥100 cm 3 were also associated with a significantly lower post-RT TLC. On univariate analysis, the use of any chemotherapy ( p = 0.029) and the use of concurrent vs. sequential chemotherapy ( p = 0.028) were predictive of a lower post-RT DLCO. Patient age ≥60 years, nodal status (N2-N3 vs. N0-N1), tumor volume ≥100 cm 3 , tumor location (central vs. peripheral), and use of ≥6 treatment fields were also associated with a significantly lower post-RT DLCO. The fractional volume of irradiated normal lung correlated with the decrease in DLCO ( p 20 Gy. Conclusion The addition of chemotherapy to RT significantly exacerbates the post-RT decrease in TLC and DLCO. The greatest decrease in DLCO occurs in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation.
Solutions to Van der Pol's equation using a perturbation method

Abstract Solutions to Van der Pol's equation are examined when the coefficient e of the non-linear term is small. Under this condition a uniformly valid second approximation for arbitrary initial conditions is obtained using a perturbation method first developed by Cochran and extended by Nayfeh. The work here is then extended to obtain the fourth approximation for the time variations in the limit cycle. Comparison is made between the solutions obtained by the perturbation method and those obtained by numerical integration.
Increased Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Migratory Homeless Youth: Exploring the Role of Social Network Composition

Travelers are a migratory subgroup of homeless youth who may be especially prone to engaging in risky behavior. This study compared the substance use and sexual behavior of young homeless travelers and non-travelers to evaluate the extent and possible sources of travelers’ increased risk. Data came from face-to-face interviews with 419 homeless youth (36.6% female, 34.0% white, 23.9% African American, and 20.0% Hispanic) between the ages of 13 and 24 years (M = 20.1 years, SD = 2.5) who were randomly sampled from 41 shelters, drop-in centers, and street sites in Los Angeles. Travelers were almost twice as likely as non-travelers to exhibit recent heavy drinking, 37% more likely to exhibit recent marijuana use, and five times as likely to have injected drugs. Travelers also had more recent sex partners and were more likely to report having casual or need-based sexual partners and combining sex with substance use. Mediation analyses suggest that travelers’ deviant peer associations and disconnection to conventional individuals and institutions may drive their elevated substance use. Differences in sexual risk behaviors are likely attributable to demographic differences between the two groups. Overall, these differences between travelers and non-travelers suggest different service needs and the need for different service approaches.
Effects of FD & C Red No. 40 on rat intrauterine development.

Abstract The food colouring FD & C Red No. 40 was tested for embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in Osborne-Mendel rats. The colouring was given throughout gestation either by oral intubation at levels of 7·5, 15, 30, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight/day or as a 0·2% solution (260·2 mg/kg body weight/day) in the drinking water. No embryotoxic or foetotoxic (including teratogenic) effects were observed that could be related to exposure to FD & C Red No. 40 by either route of administration.
Graduating Student Awards Competition papers for the 79th Annual Meeting of PAA

s are due. 5). 2 First place winners f rom previous PAA meet ings are not eligible to participate. 3. Research repor ted must have been done while a graduate student. 4. The p a p e r must be orally presented. Poster papers and symposium presentations do not qualify for the Graduate Student Awards Competition. 5. The paper ' s t i t le /abstract must be submit ted to the PAA Secretary on the official PAA Abstract Form by February 15, 1995. Author must indicate discipline (Pathology, Physiology, etc.) and that the paper is entered in the Graduate Student Awards Compet i t ion (See "Call for Papers"). 6. Winners will be announced and honored at the kamual Banquet. Free banque t tickets will be provided by PAA for all graduate students part icipat ing in the Graduate Student Awards Competi t ion. GENERAL CRITERIA FOR JUDGING: Papers and presentat ions will be judged on the following basis: 1. Quality of research and content 60% 2. Effectiveness of presentat ion 40% AWARDS: Four awards will be presented in the amounts of $350 for first place, $250 for second place, $150 for third place and $100 for fourth place. For additional informat ion, contact: 68 AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL (Vol. 72 Dr. Alexander Pavlista, Chai rperson PAA Graduate Student Awards Compet i t ion University of Nebraska Panhandle R & E Center 4502 Avenue 1 Scottsbluff, NE 69361 Phone: (308) 632-1240
1355 HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY IN THE NEWBORN

Examination of the eye in the newborn has predominantly been utilized to diagnose retinopathy of prematurity (RLF). Although the ocular findings in systemic disease are of great diagnostic significance in adults, they have largely been ignored in the newborn. Recently we have been impressed by the finding of a retinopathy in newborns with severe hypertension (HBP)(mean arterial pressure >70 mm Hg on at least 3 occasions). The cause of HBP in these infants was presumed to be predominantly renovascular. In adults with HBP the examination of the retina is characterized by acute angiospasm; similar findings were observed in these neonates. Of 21 infants with HBP, 11 who were poorly controlled exhibited typical changes including arteriolar constriction with an increased ratio of venous:arteriolar width. Infants were examined at least 24 hrs after oxygen therapy had been discontinued; thus these changes were not consistent with other diagnoses. Exudates were observed in 2 infants and hemorrhages (splinter or dot/blot) in 4, less frequently than would be expected in adults, perhaps reflecting short duration of disease and integrity of the vasculature in the newborn. Two infants with retinopathy were reexamined after control of HBP; one showed partial and the other complete resolution of eye findings. The 10 infants with normal initial exams were largely those whose HBP was already controlled. In adults the degree of retinopathy relates to morbidity and mortality; it remains to be proven whether this holds true in the neonate.
Synthesis and characterization of diethylmethylene diphosphonato metal complexes

Reactions of tetraethylmethylene diphosphorate (TEMDP) with metal chlorides at elevated temperatures lead to the formation of complexes of the types M(L)(LH)(M = Al, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Dy); M(L)(LH)/sub 2/M = Th, U) and M/sub 2/ (L)(LH)/sub 2/(M = Co, Ni), where L is the diethylmathylene diphosphonato (DEMDP) ligand. The new complexes are insoluble in all common organic solvents and do not melt or decompose at temperatures up to 300 to 350 deg C; furthermore, the Ti(III), V(III), Cr(III), Fe(III) and U(IV) complexes exhibit subnormal magnetic moments. These properties are strongly in favor of polynuclear structures. Spectral and magnetic studies suggest that the M(III) complexes are distorted octahedral, the M(II) compounds pentacoordinated, with a low symmetry square pyramidal oonfiguration, and the M(IV) complexes octa- or ennea-coordinated. DEMDP acts as a tridentate bridging ligand, involving an uncoordinated P = O group, whereas its monoprotonated derivative also acts as tridentate in the M(III) Complexes; in the M(II) and M(IV) complexes one LH ligand acts as tridentate, while the other is, most probably, bidentate. Possible structures for the new complexes and the nature of the synthetic reactions are discussed. (auth)
Bioassay of estrogens using the mouse uterine response.

THIS report is concerned with an analysis of an estrogen bioassay method employing the immature mouse uterus which is sensitive, precise, convenient, and inexpensive. The data include studies with pure compounds as well as application of the method to the assay of urinary extracts.
Case report of fibromuscular dysplasia presenting as stroke in a 16-year-old boy.

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid artery is uncommon, but not rare. Although the true incidence and prevalence of the disease are not known, reported figures in adults range between 0.6% by angiography and 1.1% at autopsy. Most case reports of stroke caused by carotid fibromuscular dysplasia describe findings in adult subjects, although there are a few reports of the disease in children. In the present case, we describe a 16-year-old boy with fibromuscular dysplasia confined to one internal carotid artery and its branches, and in whom the disease declared itself by stroke. This case serves as a basis for considering diagnostic methods, treatment options, and future research in pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disease caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:233-238).
X-Ray and near-infrared imaging: similarities, differences and combinations

The integration of x-ray imaging with optical imaging is becoming routine at the pre-clinical level, as both projection and tomography systems are now commercially integrated as packaged systems. Yet, the differences between their capabilities are wide, and there is still perhaps a lack of appreciation about how difference pre-clinical x-ray systems are from clinical x-ray systems. In this survey, the key advantages of each approach, x-ray and optical, are described, and the potential synergies and deficiencies are discussed. In simple terms, the major benefit of optical imaging is in the spectroscopic capabilities, which allow the potential for imaging fluorescent agents in vivo, and the future potential for imaging multiple species at a time with spectral discrimination or spectral fitting of the data. In comparison, multienergy x-ray systems are being realized in clinical use, or automated discrimination of soft versus hard tissues, and the combination of optical imaging with this type of dual-energy x-ray imaging will significantly enhance the capabilities of the hybrid systems. Unfortunately, the power of dual energy imaging is not as possible at the pre-clinical stage, because of the limitations of contrast-resolution and x-ray dose. This is discussed and future human systems outlined.
Teaching Guided Imagery

Guided imagery is a technique useful for teaching and practicing psychodynamic assessment and psychotherapy. It combines a state of meditative relaxation with the presentation of evocative scenarios that stimulate the imagination to spontaneously generate almost dream-like fanciful productions. These “daydreams” ordinarily contain highly revealing suppressed and repressed conflicts, wishes, affects, perspectives and other aspects of the self. The instructional program offered to trainees at the UCLA Neuropsychiatrie Institute for almost two decades is described. Suggestions are offered as to how programs that lack faculty acquainted with these techniques can further familiarize themselves in order to evaluate the techniques’ value for their curriculum.
Transfer of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters into wall of rat aorta in vitro

Summary Rat thoracic aortas were incubated with their intimai surfaces in contact with solutions containing labeled cholesterol bound to lipoprotein. Incorporation of labeled cholesterol was not significantly influenced by boiling the tissue. The ratio of the rate of entry of unesterified cholesterol to the rate of entry of cholesteryl esters was approximately unity, a value three times as large as the ratio of their concentrations in serum. It is concluded that most of the incorporation of cholesterol and its esters under these conditions does not require cellular activity or enzymic activity and cannot be accounted for by simple diffusion of intact lipoproteins.
Emergent Features in two-line configurations prevent selective attention to individual lines as measured by Garner Interference

• More redundancy gain is observed when context produces bad grouping (second source helps more) • The specific type of context influenced grouping between two-line segments: • Contexts that produced good grouping tended to produce Emergent Features and benefit performance • Contexts that produced bad grouping tended to not produce Emergent Features • Divided Attention • Compared with baseline condition:
Carotid stenting and intracranial thrombectomy for treatment of acute stroke due to tandem occlusions with aggressive antiplatelet therapy may be associated with a high incidence of intracranial hemorrhage

Background Acute stroke from tandem extracranial carotid artery and intracranial large vessel occlusion poses challenges for emergency endovascular treatment. Establishing and maintaining patency of the carotid artery and avoiding intracranial hemorrhage are competing concerns. Methods Twenty-three consecutive cases of emergency carotid stenting followed by mechanical thrombectomy identified by retrospective review of the endovascular ischemic stroke database maintained prospectively at our institution since January 2011 form the basis for this report. No cases were lost to follow-up. Results Patients were selected with CT angiography or MR angiography and diffusion weighted imaging. Carotid stenting was successful in all cases, and establishment of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2A, 2B or 3 flow was successful in 21/23 (91%). 12/23 (52%) patients achieved a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) occurred in 5/23 patients (22%). Of 13 patients receiving an intravenous loading dose of abciximab during the procedure, 4/13 had SICH (31%) compared with 1/10 (10%) of those who did not. Of seven patients who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator prior to the procedure, none had SICH. 90-day mortality was 9/23 (39%). All patients who had SICH were above the median age. Conclusions Primary stenting of the extracranial carotid artery combined with intracranial mechanical thrombectomy can be an effective treatment for tandem occlusions, can be performed with a high rate of technical success, and can achieve good clinical outcomes in selected patients. However, the incidence of SICH may be higher than in other patient populations and may be associated with the use of abciximab and advanced patient age.