cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive bioluminescence imaging of caspase-3 activity in Breast Cancer

e14557 Background: Apoptosis is a major form of tumor cells death during cytotoxic therapy. Understanding the kinetics of apoptosis would greatly facilitate development of more effective therapeuti...
Efficient identification of nationally mandated reportable cancer cases using natural language processing and machine learning.

Objective To help cancer registrars efficiently and accurately identify reportable cancer cases. Material and Methods The Cancer Registry Control Panel (CRCP) was developed to detect mentions of reportable cancer cases using a pipeline built on the Unstructured Information Management Architecture – Asynchronous Scaleout (UIMA-AS) architecture containing the National Library of Medicine’s UIMA MetaMap annotator as well as a variety of rule-based UIMA annotators that primarily act to filter out concepts referring to nonreportable cancers. CRCP inspects pathology reports nightly to identify pathology records containing relevant cancer concepts and combines this with diagnosis codes from the Clinical Electronic Data Warehouse to identify candidate cancer patients using supervised machine learning. Cancer mentions are highlighted in all candidate clinical notes and then sorted in CRCP’s web interface for faster validation by cancer registrars. Results CRCP achieved an accuracy of 0.872 and detected reportable cancer cases with a precision of 0.843 and a recall of 0.848. CRCP increases throughput by 22.6% over a baseline (manual review) pathology report inspection system while achieving a higher precision and recall. Depending on registrar time constraints, CRCP can increase recall to 0.939 at the expense of precision by incorporating a data source information feature. Conclusion CRCP demonstrates accurate results when applying natural language processing features to the problem of detecting patients with cases of reportable cancer from clinical notes. We show that implementing only a portion of cancer reporting rules in the form of regular expressions is sufficient to increase the precision, recall, and speed of the detection of reportable cancer cases when combined with off-the-shelf information extraction software and machine learning.
Stochastic calculus with respect to fractional Brownian motion

Le mouvement brownien fractionnaire (MBF) est un processus gaussien centre auto-similaire a accroissements stationnaires qui depend d'un parametre H ∈ (0,1), appele parametre de Hurst. Dans cette conference, nous donnerons une synthese des resultats nouveaux en calcul stochastique par rapport a un MBF. Dans le cas particulier H = 1/2, ce processus est le mouvement brownien classique, sinon, ce n'est pas une semi-martingale et on ne peut pas utiliser le calcul d'Ito. Differentes approches ont ete utilisees pour construire des integrales stochastiques par rapport a un MBF: techniques trajectorielles, calcul de Malliavin, approximation par des sommes de Riemann. Nous decrivons ces methodes et presentons les formules de changement de variables associees. Plusieurs applications seront presentees.
PO-0145 Celiac Disease – The Experience Of A Single Centre In 29 Years

Aims The study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of the patients diagnosed with celiac disease in ‘Grigore Alexandrescu’ Children’s Hospital over a 29 years period. Methods We performed a retrospective study including 224 patients diagnosed with celiac disease, from January 1985 until December 2013. Three groups resulted. The first group included patients diagnosed from 1985 until 1995, before celiac serology was available, the second group patients diagnosed from 1996 until 2006 using qualitative antitissue-transglutaminase antibodies and the third group patients diagnosed from 2007 until 2013 using quantitative antitissue-transglutaminase antibodies and HLA DQ2/DQ8 typing. From the medical records we extracted age and clinical characteristics of patients at presentation. Results The groups included 1.8, 13.8 and 7.7 patients/year. The mean age at diagnosis was 5.9 ± 4.7, 4.4 ± 3.6 and 4.4 ± 3.5 years respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms were described in 100%, 86.8% and 59.2%, particularly chronic diarrhoea in 90%, 51.9% and 48.1%. Twenty percent of patients in the first group presented with celiac crisis, only 0.6% in the second group and none in the third. Non-gastrointestinal symptoms were not observed in the first group and were reported in the second and third groups in 13.1% and 61.1%. Conclusion Since 2007 a decreasing tendency in the number of patients diagnosed/year was observed. Gastrointestinal symptoms were initially the sole clinical finding, particularly chronic diarrhoea, but in time patients presented with non-gastrointestinal symptoms or oligosymptomatic/asymptomatic celiac disease with an increasing frequency.
Tractografía de la vía dento-rubro-talámica en mutismo cerebeloso postoperatorio en niños con tumores de fosa posterior

Introduccion: El sindrome mutismo cerebeloso consiste en falta del habla posterior a lesiones del cerebelo. Se caracteriza por inicio tardio, duracion limitada, y ocasionalmente secuelas linguisticas. Su patogenia no esta clara, pero se ha atribuido un rol a danos en el nucleo dentado y en la via dento-rubro-talamica. Objetivos: Identificar posibles factores de riesgo (clinicos o anatomicos) asociados a la aparicion de mutismo cerebeloso despues de una cirugia de fosa posterior. Comparar, mediante un analisis de resonancia magnetica (IRM) y tractografia por tensor de difusion (DTI), la integridad de la via dento-rubro-talamica en pacientes con y sin mutismo cerebeloso. Metodos: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes operados por tumores de fosa posterior entre noviembre de 2012 y 2013. Se analizo con DTI la via dento-rubro-talamica en pacientes con y sin mutismo postoperatorio. Se comparo la volumetria del tracto en ambas cohortes. Resultados: Cincuenta y tres pacientes con diagnostico de tumor de fosa posterior fueron sometidos a cirugia de exeresis. Cinco pacientes presentaron mutismo postoperatorio (9,4%). Hubo una asociacion significativa entre el diagnostico de meduloblastoma y mutismo postoperatorio. El volumen tumoral no fue significativo. El volumen de la via dento-rubro-talamica fue significativamente menor en pacientes con mutismo, en forma bilateral, asi como la anisotropia fraccional del pedunculo cerebeloso derecho. Conclusiones: El mutismo cerebeloso es una complicacion relevante despues de una cirugia de fosa posterior. Nuestro estudio apoya el papel del dano de la via dento-rubro-talamica en la patogenesis de este sindrome. Se debe tener especial cuidado durante la cirugia para prevenir danos al nucleo dentado.
Effects of various feed additive strategies on broilers given 10× live coccidiosis vaccine

Abstract Currently, there is a need to investigate feed additive application strategies, especially those used in conjunction with live coccidiosis vaccines (LCV). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the inclusion strategies of several commercially available feed additives using broilers sprayed with 10× live coccidiosis vaccines (LCV) throughout a 49 d grow-out. All birds received 10× LCV on d of hatch, excluding treatment (Trt) 1, the unmedicated negative control (NC). The positive control (PC; Trt 2), was also unmedicated, but birds were sprayed with 10× LCV. Birds assigned Trts 3 to 8 also received LCV, and diets consisted of the following additives: Virginiamycin (VA) at 20 g/t throughout with Salinomycin (SAL) at 40 g/t from d 14 to 28 (Trt 3); VA at 20 g/t throughout d zero to 49 (Trt 4); a Bacillus subtilis probiotic (PRO) with Bacitracin Methylene Disalicyalte (BMD) at 50 g/t from d zero to 49 (Trt 5); an herb and essential oil blend (EB) from d zero to 49 (Trt 6); BMD at 50 g/t throughout with an increased dose (200 g/t) from d 14 to 28 (Trt 7); and BMD at 50 g/t throughout with SAL (40 g/t) from d 14 to 28 (Trt 8). In general, birds fed Trts 3 and 7 demonstrated increased BW and BW gain when compared to those fed Trt 2 (NC). Birds fed Trt 5 exhibited similar d 49 BW to that of birds fed Trt 3 and 7 — however, better than those fed Trt 2. Of these Trts, birds fed Trt 3 demonstrated at d 17 increased ileal digesta viscosity and reduced lesion scores caused by Eimeria acervulina, although overall scores were low. Gastrointestinal organ measurements and morphology at d 17 were not significantly affected by Trt. Overall, these data suggest that feed additive strategies utilized in Trts 3, 5, and 7 are a viable option with using LCV.
Modeling of selective laser sintering/ selective laser melting

Selective laser sintering and selective laser melting are powder based additive manufacturing (AM) process that can rapidly manufacture parts with comparable mechanical properties to conventional manufacturing methods directly from digital files. However, the processing recipe development and design optimization of AM parts are often based on trial and error which erodes the benefit of AM. Modeling is a powerful tool to enable faster development cycle by significantly reducing the experimental efforts. In this paper we discussed the current status of selective laser sintering/melting modeling, in which the laser and powder interaction was studied to understand and predict the process and the properties of fabricated parts. A review of the current approach as well as future directions are presented.
Improvement of Eucalypts for Fuel and Fiber in California

Growing fuel biomass is a slightly better than marginal operation, and that creates an incentive to breed for higher rates of production. The traditional fuelwoods in California were oaks and other native hardwoods, but they grow too slowly to be considered for fuelwood crops. Eucalypts became a common substitute and growers formed an organization, the Eucalyptus Improvement Association, to encourage eucalypt improvement for fuelwood. In time, the pulp and paper industry also became interested. The improvement program follows traditional lines, starting from species introduction and progressing through seed source tests to selection within seed sources.
Temporal Processing by the Auditory System of Fishes

The earliest experimental interests in the hearing mechanisms of fishes were motivated in part by questions of the functional significance of inner ear structure (e.g. Bigelow 1904; Manning 1924; von Frisch 1938). As will be described below, the otolithic ears of fishes do not seem suited for the type of mechanical frequency analysis characteristic of the mammalian cochlea, and questions arose regarding the capacities of fishes to extract information from the acoustic waveform. Are fishes capable of frequency discrimination, and if so, how is the acoustic waveform coded by the ear and analyzed by the brain? Without obvious mechanisms for a frequency-domain analysis, processing in fishes is likely based on waveform analysis in the time-domain. The fishes thus are a possible model system for studying temporal analysis which is relatively uncontaminated by a peripheral frequency analysis.
Plakoglobin Rescues Adhesive Defects Induced by Ectodomain Truncation of the Desmosomal Cadherin Desmoglein 1: Implications for Exfoliative Toxin-Mediated Skin Blistering

Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) is a desmosomal cadherin that is essential to epidermal integrity. In the blistering diseases bullous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome, pathogenesis depends on cleavage of Dsg1 by a bacterial protease, exfoliative toxin A, which removes residues 1 to 381 of the Dsg1 ectodomain. However, the cellular responses to Dsg1 cleavage that precipitate keratinocyte separation to induce blister formation are unknown. Here, we show that ectodomain-deleted Dsg1 (Δ381-Dsg1) mimics the toxin-cleaved cadherin, disrupts desmosomes, and reduces the mechanical integrity of keratinocyte sheets. In addition, we demonstrate that truncated Dsg1 remains associated with its catenin partner, plakoglobin, and causes a reduction in the levels of endogenous desmosomal cadherins in a dose-dependent manner, leading us to hypothesize that plakoglobin sequestration by truncated Dsg1 destabilizes other cadherins. Accordingly, a triple-point mutant of the ectodomain-deleted cadherin, which is uncoupled from plakoglobin, does not impair adhesion, indicating that this interaction is essential to the pathogenic potential of truncated Dsg1. Moreover, we demonstrate that increasing plakoglobin levels rescues cadherin expression, desmosome organization, and functional adhesion in cells expressing Δ381-Dsg1 or treated with exfoliative toxin A. Finally, we report that histone deacetylase inhibition up-regulates desmosomal cadherins and prevents the loss of adhesion induced by Dsg1 truncation. These findings further our understanding of the mechanism of exfoliative toxin-induced pathology and suggest novel strategies to suppress blistering in bulbous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome.
A Meta-Analysis of Brief Tobacco Interventions for Use in Integrated Primary Care.

Introduction The integration of behavioral health services in primary care settings presents an opportunity to enhance the delivery of tobacco cessation interventions in the primary care setting, but guidance on evidence-based treatments for tobacco use disorder that fits the brief format of integrated primary care (IPC) is limited. This meta-analysis summarizes the outcomes of brief behavioral interventions targeting tobacco use that can be delivered in IPC settings. Methods A literature search was conducted to locate empirical studies examining tobacco cessation interventions that could be implemented in an IPC setting. A random effects meta-analytic approach was utilized with odds ratios as the effect size. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the extent to which a number of study, participant, and intervention characteristics affected treatment outcome. Results A total of 36 studies were included (n = 12975 patients). Patients in the intervention groups exhibited significantly greater odds of smoking cessation compared with those in the comparison groups (OR = 1.78, p < .001). Subgroup analyses did not reveal significant sources of heterogeneity attributable to moderators such as methodological quality, gender, bioverification, follow-up time period, or intervention characteristics (such as setting, type, or length of intervention). Conclusions Brief tobacco cessation interventions that can be delivered in IPC settings were found to be effective. Future research in this area might evaluate ways to improve the dissemination and implementation of these types of interventions in IPC settings. Implications The integration of behavioral health services into primary care presents a unique opportunity to increase the delivery of tobacco cessation interventions, as behavioral health providers in these settings are experts in behavior change interventions and may have more time to deliver these interventions than primary care providers. Results from the current meta-analysis demonstrate that brief tobacco cessation interventions that can be implemented in the IPC setting are effective. Future research in this area might examine ways to improve the dissemination and implementation of brief interventions for tobacco use in IPC settings.
The Reflection Channel of Shock Transmission in Production Networks

This paper studies the general equilibrium effects of industry-specific productivity shock in an economy in which sectors are connected via input-output linkages. My central finding is productivity shocks do not only travel downstream as is standard in the literature, but also trigger demand change at the final consumption industries, which propagates upstream. I label this novel mechanism "reflection channel". Differences of the elasticity of substitution of consumption and production for the final consumption industries drive the demand change. Empirically, the magnitude of the reflection channel is around three times greater than the previously studied downstream channel. When a positive productivity shock reaches a final consumption industry, consumers substitute towards it much more than producers substitute away, increasing the demand of its upstream industries, and vice versa.
Incorporating Radiation Oncology into Immunotherapy: proceedings from the ASTRO-SITC-NCI immunotherapy workshop.

Radiotherapy (RT) has been a fundamental component of the anti-cancer armamentarium for over a century. Approximately half of all cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy during their disease course. Over the two past decades, there has been a growing body of preclinical evidence supporting the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy, particularly when combined with immunotherapy, but only anecdotal clinical examples existed until recently. The renaissance of immunotherapy and the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other immuno-oncology (IO) agents in multiple cancers provides the opportunity to investigate how localized radiotherapy can induce systemic immune responses. Early clinical experiences have demonstrated feasibility of this approach but additional preclinical and clinical investigation is needed to understand how RT and immunotherapy can be optimally combined. To address questions that are critical to successful incorporation of radiation oncology into immunotherapy, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) organized a collaborative scientific workshop, Incorporating Radiation Oncology into Immunotherapy, that convened on June 15 and 16 of 2017 at the Natcher Building, NIH Campus in Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes key data and highlights from each session.
The Limited English Proficient Population: Describing Medicare, Medicaid, and Dual Beneficiaries

Abstract Purpose: The Limited English Proficient (LEP) population experiences well-documented suboptimal health outcomes and substandard provider experiences. The lack of national estimates on the ...
Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Examining the Relationship Between Violent Behaviors and Bullying Victimization Among Adolescents

Abstract Incidences of traditional bullying and cyberbullying have received national attention and have increased concerns of law makers and education officials regarding prevalence and the potenti...
Projectile Points, Style, and Social Process in the Preceramic of Central Peru

This paper argues that, to move forward in research on stone tool style, we must supplement theoretical discussion with examination of large data sets for stylistic patterning. Using a large projectile point collection excavated from cave sites in the high altitude region of central Peru, I demonstrate the presence of robust patterning at a number of levels of stylistic resolution. I use hierarchy of stylistic subdivisions within the projectile point class to evaluate key variables at a number of stylistic scales, including measures of diversity and continuity. The analysis produces evidence of stylistic foci and transitions between them that reflect social process: the evolving social conditions which affect the material output of identity. I argue that there is evidence of complex residential and interactional relationships across time and among the occupants of these Andean sites.
Is military incompetence adaptive?: An empirical test with risk-taking behaviour in modern warfare

Abstract In battles, opponents exhibit positive illusions in both believing they can win. With great costs of failure and uncertain success, this represents extreme risk-taking behaviour. Conflict may be expected if one side is cornered, a sacrificial pawn in an overall war strategy, or demanded into action by politicians. However, in many cases even patently weaker forces fight despite nonviolent options. This is "military incompetence", a failure in the assessment of winning probability. Previous explanations (stupidity, psychological deviance and cognitive constraints) have been rejected. Recently, Wrangham [Evol. Hum. Behav. 20 (1999) 3.] proposed that such risk-taking could be adaptive through one of two effects: (1) Performance Enhancement through exaggerated resolve or (2) Opponent Deception by bluffing. Although adaptive if they confer a tendency to win, both processes promote risk-taking behaviour and are therefore potentially responsible for military incompetence. These hypotheses can be distinguished because the Performance Enhancement hypothesis predicts positive illusions in any type of conflict. In contrast, the Opponent Deception hypothesis predicts them in battles but not in surprise attacks, where lack of communication disables any bluff. We conducted a test of these hypotheses using data collected by the US Historical Evaluation Research Organisation, mainly from the Arab–Israeli and Second World Wars. The Opponent Deception hypothesis is supported over the Performance Enhancement hypothesis, but other explanations are not ruled out.
Reducing Communication in Proximal Newton Methods for Sparse Least Squares Problems

Proximal Newton methods are iterative algorithms that solve l1-regularized least squares problems. Distributed-memory implementation of these methods have become popular since they enable the analysis of large-scale machine learning problems. However, the scalability of these methods is limited by the communication overhead on modern distributed architecture. We propose a stochastic variance-reduced proximal method along with iteration-overlapping and Hessian-reuse to find an efficient trade-off between computation complexity and data communication. The proposed RC-SFSITA algorithm reduces latency costs by a factor of k without altering bandwidth costs. RC-SFISTA is implemented on both MPI and Spark and compared to the state-of-the-art framework, ProxCoCoA. The performance of RC-SFISTA is evaluated on 1 to 512 nodes for multiple benchmarks and demonstrates speedups of up to 12× compared to ProxCoCoA with scaling properties that outperform the original algorithm.
BRAF and MEK inhibitors differentially affect nivolumab-induced T cell activation by modulating the TCR and AKT signaling pathways

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as the anti-PD-1 antibody Nivolumab, achieve remarkable clinical efficacy in patients with late stage cancers. However, only a small subset of patients benefit from this therapy. Numerous clinical trials are underway testing whether combining ICIs with other anti-cancer therapies can increase this response rate. For example, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy combined with MAP kinase inhibition using BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and/or MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are in development for treatment of late stage melanomas. However, the benefits and underlying mechanisms of these combinatorial therapies remain unclear. In the current study, we assess the effects of MAPK inhibition on Nivolumab-induced T cell responses. Using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, we demonstrate that Nivolumab-induced T cell activation is highly heterogeneous. While BRAFi inhibits Nivolumab-induced cytokine production, T cell proliferation, activation markers (CD69, CD25), and Granzyme B in a substantial proportion of donor pairs, a small subset of donor pairs shows an additive effect. MEKi alone significantly inhibits Nivolumab-induced T cell activation; the addition of BRAFi significantly enhances this inhibitory effect. Mechanistically, the effects of BRAFi and/or MEKi on Nivolumab-induced T cell activation may be due to alteration of the activation of the AKT and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. Our results suggest that MAPK inhibition may not provide a clinical benefit for most melanoma patients being treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.
The Partisan and Policy Motivations of Political Donors Seeking Surrogate Representation in House Elections

Non-constituent donors constitute an increasingly important fundraising base for members of the U.S. House. These donors are theorized to be seeking “surrogate representation” by buying additional representation rather than relying solely upon representation provided by their own House members. However, precisely why they contribute in this way remains unclear. Using data from the Cooperative Congressional Election Studies (CCES) 2008–2014 in a series of logistic models, I investigate whether self-reported donors make contributions to House races outside of their home states for policy or partisan reasons. I uncover evidence that surrogate seekers make their out-of-state contributions to recover partisan representation and to gain additional partisan and policy representation. Further, conservative issue stances significantly increase the likelihood of out-of-state giving more so than liberal stances suggesting conservative donors have less difficulty identifying surrogate representatives. Taken together, the results suggest surrogate seekers are strategic and politically sophisticated with respect to their giving choices and motivations.
Data sonification and sound visualization

This article describes a collaborative project between researchers in the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory and the Computer Music Project of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The project focuses on the use of sound for the exploration and analysis of complex data sets in scientific computing. The article addresses digital sound synthesis in the context of DIASS (Digital Instrument for Additive Sound Synthesis) and sound visualization in a virtual-reality environment by means of M4CAVE. It describes the procedures and preliminary results of some experiments in scientific sonification and sound visualization.
Scaled pier fractals do not strictly self-assemble

A pier fractal is a discrete self-similar fractal whose generator contains at least one pier, that is, a member of the generator with exactly one adjacent point. Tree fractals and pinch-point fractals are special cases of pier fractals. In this paper, we study scaled pier fractals, where a scaled fractal is the shape obtained by replacing each point in the original fractal by a $$c \times c$$ block of points, for some $$c \in \mathbb {Z}^+$$ . We prove that no scaled discrete self-similar pier fractal strictly self-assembles, at any temperature, in Winfree’s abstract Tile Assembly Model.
High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Improve Verbal Retrieval Deficits in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

Chronic verbal retrieval deficits have been noted in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but no U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved interventions are available. The present study investigated whet...
A New Way Forward for Social Justice Researchers: Development and Validation of the Social Justice Behavior Scale.

Despite social justice leadership receiving an increasing amount of attention by researchers, a methodological imbalance with qualitative inquiries dominating the existing empirical literature base persists. Compounding this issue is the lack of a discipline-specific, quantitative instrument made for the exact purpose of exploring the nature of social justice leadership. This study aimed to answer the calls of a number of scholars (Jean-Marie, Normore, & Brooks, 2009; Nilsson, Marszalek, Linnemeyer, Bahner, & Misialek, 2011; Otunga, 2009) by developing and validating a scale. The Social Justice Behavior Scale (SJBS) was developed through the creation of items based on a literature review, informed directly by a meta-analysis, and refined through the Delphi Technique. Surveys were digitally distributed to principals in the United States. The final dataset consisted of 227 principals from 27 states. Following a principal components analysis with oblimin rotation, the SJBS was found to have three components made up of 23 items that accounted for 62.16% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire instrument was .933. The SJBS shows promise as a quantitative research instrument moving forward. Future recommendations include collecting additional data for confirmatory analyses, distributing the instrument in additional contexts, and bolstering future investigations into social justice leadership through the use of the SJBS as a research tool.
Influence of Electronic Polarization on the Spectral Density

Accurate spectral densities are necessary for computing realistic exciton dynamics and nonlinear optical spectra of chromophores in condensed-phase environments, including multichromophore pigment-protein systems. However, due to the significant computational cost of computing spectral densities from first principles, requiring many thousands of excited-state calculations, most simulations of realistic systems rely on treating the environment as fixed-point charges. Here, using a number of representative systems ranging from solvated chromophores to the photoactive yellow protein (PYP), we demonstrate that the quantum mechanical (QM) electronic polarization of the environment is key to obtaining accurate spectral densities and line shapes within the cumulant framework. We show that the QM environment can enhance or depress the coupling of fast chromophore degrees of freedom to the energy gap, altering the electronic-vibrational coupling and the resulting vibronic progressions in the absorption spectrum. In analyzing the physical origin of peaks in the spectral density, we identify vibrational modes that couple the electron and the hole as being particularly sensitive to the QM screening of the environment. For PYP, we reveal the need for careful determination of the appropriate QM region to obtain reliable spectral densities. Our results indicate that the QM polarization of the environment can be crucial not just for excitation energies but also for electronic-vibrational coupling in complex systems with implications for the correct modeling of linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy in the condensed phase as well as energy transfer in pigment-protein complexes.
Older adults with obesity have higher risks of some micronutrient inadequacies and lower overall dietary quality compared to peers with a healthy weight, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2011-2014.

Objective:To evaluate total usual intakes and biomarkers of micronutrients, overall dietary quality and related health characteristics of US older adults who were overweight or obese compared with a healthy weight.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Two 24-h dietary recalls, nutritional biomarkers and objective and subjective health characteristic data were analysed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014. We used the National Cancer Institute method to estimate distributions of total usual intakes from foods and dietary supplements for eleven micronutrients of potential concern and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 score.Participants:Older adults aged ≥60 years (n 2969) were categorised by sex and body weight status, using standard BMI categories. Underweight individuals (n 47) were excluded due to small sample size.Results:A greater percentage of obese older adults compared with their healthy-weight counterparts was at risk of inadequate Mg (both sexes), Ca, vitamin B6 and vitamin D (women only) intakes. The proportion of those with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 40 nmol/l was higher in obese (12 %) than in healthy-weight older women (6 %). Mean overall HEI-2015 scores were 8·6 (men) and 7·1 (women) points lower in obese than in healthy-weight older adults. In addition, compared with healthy-weight counterparts, obese older adults were more likely to self-report fair/poor health, use ≥ 5 medications and have limitations in activities of daily living and cardio-metabolic risk factors; and obese older women were more likely to be food-insecure and have depression.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that obesity may coexist with micronutrient inadequacy in older adults, especially among women.
Does Locus of Control Influence Parentification and Anxiety in Father–Daughter Relationships?:

Parentification is a role-reversal phenomenon in which boundary violations occur such as children being their parents’ physical or emotional caretakers. Researchers have shown that childhood parent...
Sulforaphane exhibits in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has incited a global health crisis. Currently, there are no orally available medications for prophylaxis for those exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and limited therapeutic options for those who develop COVID-19. We evaluated the antiviral activity of sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring, orally available, well-tolerated, nutritional supplement present in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables with limited side effects. SFN inhibited in vitro replication of four strains of SARS-CoV-2 as well as that of the seasonal coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Further, SFN and remdesivir interacted synergistically to inhibit coronavirus infection in vitro. Prophylactic administration of SFN to K18-hACE2 mice prior to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly decreased the viral load in the lungs and upper respiratory tract and reduced lung injury and pulmonary pathology compared to untreated infected mice. SFN treatment diminished immune cell activation in the lungs, including significantly lower recruitment of myeloid cells and a reduction in T cell activation and cytokine production. Our results suggest that SFN is a promising treatment for prevention of coronavirus infection or treatment of early disease.
Creating a Safer Patient Room Environment: The Contribution of Patient Bed Height:

Elderly patient falls are expensive and may cause serious harm. Studies have identified the sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) task as the task where the greatest number of elderly patient falls occur. T...
Defining Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Spina Bifida: A Systematic Review.

CONTEXT Children with spina bifida are at high risk for urinary tract infections (UTI). However, there is no standardized definition of UTI in this population, leading to variability in both clinical management and research. This was highlighted in the 2013 systematic review on the same topic. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the frequency with which researchers are defining UTI in their studies of children with spina bifida and to determine what parameters are used. DATA SOURCES We searched Medline and Scopus databases for articles that included pediatric patients with spina bifida and used UTI as an outcome. STUDY SELECTION Exclusion criteria included publication before October 1, 2012, non-English language, and nonprimary research articles. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers each extracted data. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were included; 74% of these analyzed included an explicit definition of UTI. The most commonly used definition included a combination of symptoms and culture results (34.5%), whereas 31% used a combination of symptoms, culture results, and urinalysis data. Only 3.4% of articles used a urine culture alone to define UTI. CONCLUSIONS More articles that focus on children with spina bifida included a definition of UTI. However, significant variability persists in the definition of UTI in this patient population.
A Theory of the Social Goal-Objective Formation under Democracy and Approximate Reasoning

The structure of the problem of social goal-objective formation, as a collective decision-choice one, was presented in Chapter 1 of this monograph. Such a decision-choice action may be carried on in many epistemic combinations in the social setup. The social decision-choice action involves the complete participation of the general public with all its members. The solution to the problem involves decision-choice action that requires information and information-processing capacity of the individuals and the collective in the various decision-choice calculi. The quality of the decision-choice system depends on the quality of the information structure, given the information processing capacity of the individual and the collective. The individual and collective decision-choice activities, in the political economy, involve the processing of defective and deceptive information structures that require the methods and logic of approximate reasoning to which we turn our attention. The nature of the defective information structure and the deceptive information structure will be discussed alongside the logic of the approximate reasoning, and its need in politico-economic thoughts in the decision-choice process.
A Clearing in the Forest: Law, Life, and Mind

"There is a virtual revolution going on within the cognitive sciences", writes Steven L. Winter in the preface of this new book. The revolution has irrevocably transformed our basic understanding of the mind, establishing both that imagination is central to cognition and that imagination is an orderly, systematic, embodied process. The implications are profound, changing how we understand language and thought and, therefore, entire debates in philosophy, literary theory and - most significantly - law. Drawing from all these disciplines, as well as from psychology, anthropology and linguistics, Winter has constructed nothing less than a tour de force of interdisciplinary analysis. "A Clearing in the Forest" rests on the simple notion that the better we understand the intricate workings of the mind, the better we will understand all of its products - especially law. Categorization plays a key role in this understanding, for it is categories that define our expectations and, in so doing, shape what we find believable, what we judge accurate, what we experience as cogent, compelling and persuasive. But what does law do when our categories run out? Is pornographic speech protected by the First Amendment, or should it not be protected because it more closely resembles libel? Should abortion be protected because it falls into the category of rights reserved to the mother, or is it more like the category of harms done to others? Through law, the revolution in cognitive science finds almost limitless applications. In this compelling meditation not only on how the law works, but what it ultimately means, Winter charts a unique course to understanding the world we inhabit, showing us the w
Goldspotted oak borer effects on tree health and colonization patterns at six newly-established sites

Newly-established populations of invasive wood-inhabiting insects provide an opportunity for the study of invasion dynamics and for collecting information to improve management options for these cryptic species. From 2011 to 2013, we studied the dynamics of the goldspotted oak borer Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a new pest of oaks in southern California, at six sites that had been colonized recently. At all sites, the percentage of coast live oaks Quercus agrifolia Nee, colonized by A. auroguttatus increased between 2011 (6-33%) and 2013 (23-40%), although beetle densities did not grow rapidly at most sites. From 2011 to 2013, there were minor changes in signs and symptoms of A. auroguttatus infestation (adult emergence holes, bark staining, and evidence of woodpecker foraging), except at one site where an outbreak occurred. At some sites, noticeable negative changes in oak crown health occurred 1 year prior to positive A. auroguttatus population growth. Among sites, most of the A. auroguttatus population density (66-93%) was produced by a small number of heavily-infested trees (= brood trees). Early identification and removal of brood trees in newly-invaded areas could slow the growth of A. auroguttatus populations.
Making an American Feminist Icon: Mary Wollstonecraft’s Reception in U.S. Newspapers, 1800-1869

This article examines Mary Wollstonecraft's public reception in American newspapers from 1800 to 1869. Wollstonecraft was portrayed to the American public as a philosopher of women’s rights, a new model of femininity, and a pioneer of women’s political activism. Although these iconic uses of Wollstonecraft were regularly negative, they grew more positive as the women’s rights movement gained steam alongside the abolition movement. This study thus shows the significance of Wollstonecraft in early representations of women’s rights issues and debates in the US, and underscores the role of journalistic media in the spread and growth of feminism.
A micromodel investigation of two-phase matrix-fracture transfer mechanisms

[1] Micromodels employing a two-dimensional representation of pore space were used to observe directly (via microscope) water imbibition into a matrix and matrix-fracture interactions between wetting and nonwetting fluids. Within a single field of view, some pores are responsible for the uptake of water, whereas immediately adjacent pores expel nonwetting phase into the fracture. When water flow through fractures is relatively slow and fluid transfer from the fracture is relatively rapid, imbibition is microscopically cocurrent and micromodel observations teach that uptake of the wetting phase by the matrix correlates directly with the volume of water injected. This mode of transfer is coined a filling fracture. On the other hand, when fractures fill with water quickly relative to the rate of matrix-fracture transfer, the mass of water imbibed scales with the square root of time. Here imbibition is found to be countercurrent at the pore level. In the countercurrent mode, significant channeling of the nonwetting phase through the continuous wetting phase is observed that reduces the efficiency of water infiltration. Overall, it is found that the rate of water uptake from a fracture into an unsaturated matrix and the pore-level pattern of water infiltration depend critically on the rate of water infiltration through fractures.
An approximate characterization of the distortion of narrowband signals by linear time-invariant systems

The increased demand for data communication at high rates has made it important to transmit this information as accurately as possible, and to characterize its distortion when passed through a communication link. Ultrawideband (UWB) links have applications in radar, location, tracking and sensor applications. Although some parts of such links (amplifiers, for instance) are nonlinear and/or time-varying, much of the signal path (including the antennas) can typically be characterized as a linear, time-invariant (LTI) system. In this paper, we will review a widely-used measure of distortion called the fidelity factor, and provide a simple analytical approximation for it that can be used to quickly assess the extent to which pulsed signals are degraded when passed through an LTI system.
Alkene and Alkyne Insertion Reactions with Tantalum Metallacarborane Complexes: the Et2C2B4H42- Carborane Ligand as a Spectator and Participant1

The tantalum carborane complex (Et2C2B4H4)CpTaMe2 (1) is thermally stable but undergoes clean photochemical insertion with alkynes to give vinyltantalum species, in contrast to the thermal reactivi...
Synthesis of allylic aryl ethers via palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation of allylic aryl carbonates

Abstract Allylic aryl ethers are readily prepared in high yield by the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation of allylic aryl carbonates.
Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: Use of ursodeoxycholic acid

Considerable progress has been made in the management of cholestatic liver diseases during the past decade. Various therapeutic agents have been proposed and evaluated for treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. These treatments include ursodeoxycholic acid plus immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids, azathioprine, colchicine and methotrexate. Although these two diseases are grouped together as chronic cholestatic liver diseases, there are important differences between them, particularly with respect to response to treatment. Primary biliary cirrhosis responds much better to medical treatment. Ursodeoxycholic acid has emerged as the most commonly used medication in the treatment of these diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy is safe and has been associated with improvement of biochemical test results for liver function in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, questions remain about the long-term efficacy of the drug in halting histologic progression, although ursodeoxycholic acid does improve survival without the need for liver transplantation after 4 years of treatment in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid is unproven in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Preference, Expectations, and Attributional Bias: Two Field Studies1

Two quasi-experiments were conducted to test the relationship among a perceiver's preference, expectations, and causal attributions for an event, when the outcome of the event ran for and counter to expectation and preference. Following the 1976 Superbowl, fans of Dallas and Pittsburgh and fans with no preference were asked to attribute causality for a series of game events, counterbalanced for (un)favorability for each team. Following the 1976 Presidential election, fans of Carter and Ford were asked to attribute causality for the election outcome and estimate its repeatability and mutability. Both studies revealed that fans exhibit a biased attributional pattern, offering more credit to their own side for their successes than to the opponents for their successes. Furthermore, fans see their side's successes as replicable and their side's failures as nonreplicable. The implications of the data patterns for real world manifestations of attributional bias are discussed.
CaM kinase inhibition : Apply directly to the heart?

See related article, pages 1092–1099 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) encompass a family of serine/threonine kinases (CaMKI-CaMKIV) that are regulated by calcium bound to calmodulin.1,2 Four separate genes encode the CaMKII subunits (α, β, γ, δ), and 6 to 12 subunits homo- or heteromultimerize to form the active enzyme. Each subunit contains an N-terminal catalytic domain which binds ATP and substrate, a regulatory domain which includes an autoinhibitory domain and a Ca/Calmodulin binding domain, and a C-terminal association (multimerization) domain. In the heart, a number of splice variants of CaMKIIδ are expressed, including CaMKIIδ2 (CaMKIIδC) and CaMKIIδ3 (CaMKIIδB) which differ from each other by the presence of a nuclear localization signal between the regulatory domain and the association domain in CaMKIIδ3.3 CaMKII functions as a local calcium sensor in the heart. At baseline, the autoinhibitory domain prevents substrate binding to the enzyme.1,2 In cardiac myocytes, intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i rises because of transmembrane influx through L-type Ca2+ channels ( I Ca) or the Na/Ca exchanger and release from internal stores such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). When intracellular Ca2+ rises, it binds to the EF-hand motifs at the N- and C-terminals calmodulin, an ≈150 amino acid ubiquitous intracellular protein. The Ca/CaM complex then binds to the regulatory domain of CaMKII and removes …