cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signif icance of treponema pallidum IgM in diagnosis of congenital syphilis

Objective To investigate significance of treponema pallidum IgM(TP-IgM)detection in diagnosis of congenital syphilis.Methods To examine and analyse syphilis serology of 1215 children retrospectively.Results The positive rate of syphilis serology was 8.81%(107/1215),the positive rate of TP-IgM was 6.42%(78/1215).92 children were finally diagnosed as congenital syphilis in 107 cases of positive syphilis serology.The positive rate of TP-IgM was in coincidence with final diagnosis of congenital syphilis.Conclusion TP-IgM detection is important in diagnosis of congenital syphilis of infants.
Other Syndromes: Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome (phakomatosis) due to a somatic activating mutation in GNAQ (guanine nucleotide binding protein [G protein], q polypeptide). Evaluation reveals a facial port-wine stain (nevus flammeus), ipsilateral ocular pathology (i.e., glaucoma [30–70 %] and choroidal hemangioma), and leptomeningeal angioma. Complications can arise including glaucoma, seizures, and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Perceived quality of life can be reduced for those with a disfiguring facial port-wine stain and behavioral difficulties are particularly seen in those with seizures.
The Fourfold Root of Appraisal

When we direct our attention to the appraisal of character or personality, to the states of mind and the actions of persons, we are confronted by a bewildering mass of verbiage showing little or no apparent order. Fortunately this shape of things is only superficial. With some effort we can sort out the appraisives into distinct classes. It is true that some of the terms in some of their usages can appropriately be placed in more than one class but there is no serious or pervasive problem in finding fitting classifications. The end purpose is of course not the classifications but rather what we can learn about appraisal with the aid of them. A very large sampling is necessary and some ingenuity in devising and designating the classes is needed. An effort toward this end has been made in The Concepts of Value and also The Concepts of Criticism, the latter for aesthetic concepts. What is needed now is to explore in depth the nature of the classifications so made in order to determine the nature of appraising itself so far as it can be understood from this source. We allow for the fact that psychology and anthropology and other inquiries contribute to this end, but none of them will tell us everything we wish to know. Certainly philosophy unaided by empirical studies such as have been undertaken in the works just mentioned has not done so and cannot do so alone.
Prevalence of Low Cardiovascular Risk Profile Among Diverse Hispanic/Latino Adults in the United States by Age, Sex, and Level of Acculturation: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Background Favorable levels of all readily measurable major cardiovascular disease risk factors (ie, low risk [LR]) are associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Data are not available on LR prevalence among Hispanic/Latino adults of diverse ethnic backgrounds. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of a low cardiovascular disease risk profile among Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States and to examine cross‐sectional associations of LR with measures of acculturation. Methods and Results The multicenter, prospective, population‐based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos examined 16 415 men and women aged 18 to 74 years at baseline (2008–2011) with diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds. Analyses involved 14 757 adults (mean age 41.3 years; 60.6% women). LR was defined using national guidelines for favorable levels of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index and by not having diabetes mellitus and not currently smoking. Age‐adjusted LR prevalence was low (8.4% overall; 5.1% for men, 11.2% for women) and varied by background (4.2% in men of Mexican heritage versus 15.0% in women of Cuban heritage). Lower acculturation (assessed using proxy measures) was significantly associated with higher odds of a LR profile among women only: Age‐adjusted odds ratios of having LR were 1.64 (95% CI 1.24–2.17) for foreign‐born versus US‐born women and 1.96 (95% CI 1.49–2.58) for women residing in the United States <10 versus ≥10 years. Conclusions Among diverse US Hispanic/Latino adults, the prevalence of a LR profile is low. Lower acculturation is associated with higher odds of a LR profile among women but not men. Comprehensive public health strategies are needed to improve the cardiovascular health of US Hispanic/Latino adults.
Selective speciation improves efficacy and lowers toxicity of platinum anticancer and vanadium antidiabetic drugs

Improving efficacy and lowering resistance to metal-based drugs can be addressed by consideration of the coordination complex speciation and key reactions important to vanadium antidiabetic drugs or platinum anticancer drugs under biological conditions. The methods of analyses vary depending on the specific metal ion chemistry. The vanadium compounds interconvert readily, whereas the reactions of the platinum compounds are much slower and thus much easier to study. However, the vanadium species are readily differentiated due to vanadium complexes differing in color. For both vanadium and platinum systems, understanding the processes as the compounds, Lipoplatin and Satraplatin, enter cells is needed to better combat the disease; there are many cellular metabolites, which may affect processing and thus the efficacy of the drugs. Examples of two formulations of platinum compounds illustrate how changing the chemistry of the platinum will result in less toxic and better tolerated drugs. The consequence of the much lower toxicity of the drug, can be readily realized because cisplatin administration requires hospital stay whereas Lipoplatin can be done in an outpatient manner. Similarly, the properties of Satraplatin allow for development of an oral drug. These forms of platinum demonstrate that the direct consequence of more selective speciation is lower side effects and cheaper administration of the anticancer agent. Therefore we urge that as the community goes forward in development of new drugs, control of speciation chemistry will be considered as one of the key strategies in the future development of anticancer drugs.
Examination of medication clinical decision support using Bayes' theorem.

Drug–drug interaction (DDI) alerts are the most common computerized clinical decision support alerts encountered by ordering clinicians.[1][1] However, DDI alerts are unpopular and overridden a large percentage of the time, and, as measured by published override rates and anecdotal reports from
Context-Dependent Role of Oxidized Lipids and Lipoproteins in Inflammation

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), which contains hundreds of different oxidized lipid molecules, is a hallmark of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The same oxidized lipids found in OxLDL are also formed in apoptotic cells, and are present in tissues as well as in the circulation under pathological conditions. In many disease contexts, oxidized lipids constitute damage signals, or patterns, that activate pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and significantly contribute to inflammation. Here, we review recent discoveries and emerging trends in the field of oxidized lipids and the regulation of inflammation, focusing on oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified into cholesteryl esters (CEs) and phospholipids (PLs). We also highlight context-dependent activation and biased agonism of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and the NLRP3 inflammasome, among other signaling pathways activated by oxidized lipids.
La Política Exterior Argentina después de los Kirchner (Argentine Foreign Policy after the Kirchners)

Spanish Abstract: En cuestion de semanas, mas de una decada de kirchnerismo ha encontrado su fin en Argentina. El cambio ha sido abrupto y atentos a las primeras medidas, muchos intentan vaticinar el rumbo que el gobierno de Mauricio Macri dara a la politica exterior. Sin embargo, la situacion economica argentina, la atribulada salida de Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner (CFK) y las crisis politicas en Brasil y Venezuela, han impuesto un oscuro velo a los hacedores de pronosticos. Por estos mismos motivos, en este articulo hablare de cuatro escenarios posibles. English Abstract: In a matter of weeks more than a decade of Kirchnerism was brought to an end in Argentina. The change has been stark and faced with the first policy changes, many try to guess the course that the new government will take in the realm of foreign policy. However, the Argentine economic situation, the conflictive transition between Cristina Kirchner and Mauricio Macri, and the political crises in Brazil and Venezuela have complicated things for analysts. I analyze four possible scenarios in this article that help shed some light on these issues.
Evaluating IDDQ Tests

The quality of a test set is defined by its fault coverage which is the percentage of targeted faults detected by the test set. Computing fault coverage is known as fault simulation. Fault simulation algorithms use fault models. The decision on the fault model(s) to be used is based on defects to be targeted, as well as the phase of the design cycle in which fault simulation is performed. Fault simulation algorithms for I DDQ test sets using several fault models, defined in Chapter 5, are discussed. These include extracted BFs, all BFs, metal BFs, leakage faults and weak faults.
Perceptions of water services and innovations to improve water services in Tanzania

This study examines user perceptions of existing water services and proposed prepaid water meter and solar power innovations to improve water services in Tanzania. Based on 14 key informant intervi...
A plate-based histo-blood group antigen binding assay for evaluation of human norovirus receptor binding ability.

Human norovirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Although two in vitro cultivation methods have been reported, they cannot provide mechanistic insights into viral inactivation. Receptor-binding assays supplement these assays and give insight into capsid integrity. We present a streamlined version of a receptor-binding assay with minimal time-to-result while maintaining accuracy and high throughput. We validate assay performance for physical and chemical inactivation treatments of a norovirus GII.4 capsid. The assay produces a high positive/negative ratio (25.3 ± 4.9) in <2.5 h and has a limit of detection of 0.1 μg/ml capsid. This method is a valuable additional tool for understanding human norovirus inactivation.
Multimodality and the Language of Politics

Research on language and politics has broadened to encompass a complex interdisciplinary field with interests in design, typography, and, cultural geography. Designers, typographers, and geographers are becoming interested in the discourse analysis of such semiotic relationships as focus, theme, transitivity, grammatical mode, tense, and aspect. Hence, these multimodal theorists now see political life as a complex process where meaning is produced across many modes. Therefore, the analysis of the language of politics is beginning to incorporate methods and theoretical tools from disciplines that only a few years ago were rarely referenced by linguists and discourse analysts.
Recollection-related increases in functional connectivity across the healthy adult lifespan

In young adults, recollection-sensitive brain regions exhibit enhanced connectivity with a widely distributed set of other regions during successful versus unsuccessful recollection, and the magnitude of connectivity change correlates with individual differences in recollection accuracy. Here, we examined whether recollection-related changes in connectivity and their relationship with performance varied across samples of young, middle-aged, and older adults. Psychophysiological interaction analyses identified recollection-related increases in connectivity both with recollection-sensitive seed regions and among regions distributed throughout the whole brain. The seed-based approach failed to identify age-related differences in recollection-related connectivity change. However, the whole-brain analysis revealed a number of age-related effects. Numerous pairs of regions exhibited a main effect of age on connectivity change, mostly due to decreased change with increasing age. After controlling for recollection accuracy, however, these effects of age were for the most part no longer significant, and those effects that were detected now reflected age-related increases in connectivity change. A subset of pairs of regions also exhibited an age by performance interaction, driven mostly by a weaker relationship between connectivity change and recollection accuracy with increasing age. We conjecture that these effects reflect age-related differences in neuromodulation.
Self-Initiative or Diverse Knowledge? Linking Foreign Work Experience to Intrapreneurial Outcomes

Although research in international management has shed light on the career outcomes of professionals with extensive foreign work experiences, little work has examined how working abroad affects an individual’s specific contributions and behavior in the workplace after returning to one’s home country. Drawing on recent findings from economic sociology and social psychology suggesting that diverse foreign experiences enhance creativity ability, I investigate how the richness of a foreign work experience is related to individual engagement with intrapreneurship – i.e., the self-initiated act of creating new ventures, practices, and products within an organization. Using original survey data on 3,840 skilled professionals from close to 100 countries who all have had overseas work experience in the United States, I find that lengthier and richer experiences abroad increase one’s tendency to initiate intrapreneurial projects, but is not related to the success of their implementation. Instead, richer overseas wo...
A review of obesity and asthma across the life span.

ABSTRACTObjective: This literature review aims to compare obese-asthmatic adults and children, and to characterize differences and similarities between the two subgroups from epidemiological, demographical, phenotypical, and physiological perspectives. Methods: Literature search was conducted using Pubmed database with “obesity,” “asthma,” “epidemiology,” “cluster analysis,” “demography,” “mechanics,” and ‘‘FeNO’’ as search terms. Methods: Articles investigating epidemiological, demographic, phenotypical variation, and mechanical aspects of breathing specifically in obese asthmatics were identified. The studies were then divided according to age: children ( 18 years of age). Results: Increase in asthma incidence and prevalence is observed in both obese-asthmatic children and adults. Asthma prevalence is greater in adult females regardless of ethnic background, and in men of African American and Hispanic ethnicities. Degree of weight gain and early onset of menarche appears to...
Unusual Tumors of the Middle Ear

Middle ear tumors are more uncommon than ear canal tumors. Often, these tumors present as conductive hearing loss or as chronic otitis media. This chapter reviews the tumors that occur in the middle ear, excepting squamous cell carcinoma. The pathologic nomenclature has evolved over time. Middle ear adenomatous neoplasms, neuroendocrine adenomatous middle ear neoplasm, and carcinoid tumors are grouped under the same heading. Inverting papilloma, Schneiderian papilloma, and Schneiderian carcinoma are considered as a spectrum of a single clinical entity. Middle ear adenocarcinoma, lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma, and aggressive papillary tumor of the middle ear are also discussed.
Purification and properties of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) from Tamarix aphylla L.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the Tamarix aphylla leaves were detected at optimum conditions that collected in April, May and June. Results indicated the specific activity in the crude extract reaching to 36.76 unit/ mg protein. Crude SOD was purified by several techniques, precipitation with ammonium sulfate (50-75) %, Ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-cellulose and two steps of size exclusion chromatography on sephacryl S-200 column. The obtained specific activity (310 unit/mg protein) and purification fold 7.91. The purified enzyme revealed one band by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with molecular mass 85.703 kDa. while 89.125 kDa by Sephacryl S-200. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 7.5, and 50oC respectively. EDTA, SDS and NaN3 reduced activity, contrariwise of H2O2 and KCN, pointed to the studied SOD is MnSOD. Michalis constant Km and maximum velocity Vmax values were 0.016 mM and 55.86 mM/min, respectively by using Pyrogallol as substrate. According to the results, we conclude Tamarix aphylla produce MnSOD which can have purified by serial purification techniques for better activity and characterized for further studies.
Role of Arginine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Wound Healing and Infection

Significance: Only a few decades ago, the primary focus of nutritional supplementation was to prevent deficiencies of essential nutrients. It is now recognized that, at higher than essential levels, selected nutrients can have a pharmacologic effect to prevent or treat disease. Recent Advances: Two of the most important pharmaconutrients, arginine, and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil, have been shown to have profound effects on wound healing and infections. Critical Issues: Both arginine and fish oils have independent benefits, but the combination appears to be much more effective. This combination has been shown to affect outcomes involving wound healing and infections, as reviewed here, and can also affect incidence and outcomes in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, organ transplant rejection, and other inflammatory conditions. These possibilities have not yet progressed to widespread clinical application. Future Directions: The optimal combinations of immunonutrients, timing of admin...
Can a walking program improve physical activity levels and on-task behaviors?

Despite the increasing spotlight and discussion on sedentary behaviors and weight management, obesity rates continue to be a major concern in the United States. Because adolescents spend a majority...
Pediatric cardiac transplantation and mechanical assist devices

The number of children listed for heart transplantation and the number receiving transplants have increased. Survival after heart transplant has improved over the eras with most of this improvement being in the perioperative period. Advancement in mechanical circulatory support has increased options for bridging infants and children to successful transplantation. Challenges remain in anticoagulation of these devices and developing suitable mechanical circulatory support for infants and complex congenital heart disease. With improved short-term survival after heart transplantation, increased attention can be paid to morbidity that affects long-term outcome. Consensus in standard of care immunosuppression guidelines has opened the door to multicenter pediatric heart transplant studies. Progress has been made in the pediatric heart transplant community in understanding practice variation in an effort to study the effect of these variations on outcomes.
SUDDENLY EVERYTHING BECAME CLEAR: HOW PEOPLE MAKE SENSE OF EPIPHANIES SURROUNDING THEIR WORK AND CAREERS

Although it is widely recognized that many psychological phenomena, such as “insight,” are grounded in nonconscious processing, the manner in which people make sense of these phenomena remains enig...
Defining and Measuring Character in Sport From a Multidimensional Perspective

This paper extends the discussion by Shigeno and colleagues (2019, The Coach’s Role in Creating Moral Group Norms in Youth Sports. International Sport Coaching Journal), who emphasized the importan...
Is Hydroxyapatite Important in Calcium Urolithiasis

Calculi formed within the urinary tract are commonly of mixed crystalline composition (1–3). This observation led Modlin in an address to the Royal College of Surgeons in England to suggest that heterogenous nucleation may be an important etiologic factor in the initiation of stone formation in the urinary tract (4). The crystalline mixture of calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite is especially common. Boyce has shown that at least some hydroxyapatite was present in all the stones he examined, including “pure” calcium oxalate stones. He found that this hydroxyapatite was often located in close association with stone matrix (5). Meyer et al. demonstrated the ability of hydroxyapatite to induce the heterogenous nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate in vitro (6). They found that the addition of hydroxyapatite seed crystals to a solution that was supersaturated in terms of calcium oxalate and saturated in terms of hydroxyapatite induced the nucleation of calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate did not precipitate within the time allowed by the study if no seed crystals were added. The rate of heterogenous nucleation of calcium oxalate was dependent upon the surface area of the seed crystals added.
Ontology, belief and the politics of sanction: An application of Badiou’s Theory of the Event:

In this article, I apply Alain Badiou's theory of the event to make sense of the beliefs of an anti-sanction activist in Germany. Sanctions are deductions to unemployment benefits imposed by jobs c...
Rethinking Decolonial and Postcolonial Knowledges beyond Regions to Imagine Transnational Solidarity

Since the early twentieth century, various strands of “anticolonial” scholarship have been and are concerned with how colonial encounters and practices constitute differences. In recent years, this scholarship maps the uneven implications of “coloniality” for subjects and bodies marked as different, for example, “feminine,” “raced,” “queer,” or trans. Along with feminism, anticolonial scholarship's analytical goals—to link the body with body politics—are closely tied to its political ones: to correct the wrongs of colonial encounters and practices. The current avatars of anticolonial scholarship include postcolonial, decolonial, and settler-colonial variants.
Charge correlation in near-side hadron—Hadron jets at √s NN =200 GeV in PHENIX

We analyze the relative azimuthal (Δϕ) distribution of same-charge and opposite-charge particle pairs. We then remove elliptic flow background using the ZYAM method. Comparisons between near angle Δϕ peak widths are presented for various centralities.
Powers ontology and the quantum revolution

An Aristotelian philosophy of nature rejects the modern prejudice in favor of the microscopic, a rejection that is crucial if we are to penetrate the mysteries of the quantum world. I defend an Aristotelian model by drawing on both quantum chemistry and recent work on the measurement problem. By building on the work of Hans Primas, using the distinction between quantum and classical properties that emerges in quantum chemistry at the thermodynamic or continuum limit, I develop a new version of the Copenhagen interpretation, a version that is realist, holistic, and hylomorphic in character, allowing for the attribution of fundamental causal powers to human observers and their instruments. I conclude with a critique of non-hylomorphic theories of primitive ontology, including Bohmian mechanics, Everettianism, and GRW mass-density.
Drop Penetration through a Constriction: Effect of Surrounding Fluid☆

Abstract In this study, we examine the effect of surrounding liquid on the motion of gravity-driven drops through a round-edged circular orifice using high-speed visualization and refractive index matched PIV. The overall motion of the drop is separated into three stages: pre-impact, penetration and release. We show that in liquid/liquid systems, the surrounding fluid influences the drop velocity during both pre-impact and release stages. During the pre-impact stage, the drop approaches the orifice by displacing the surrounding liquid radially across the plate as well as axially through the orifice. During the release stage on the other hand, surrounding fluid is drawn downward into the orifice as the drop exits below the plate. In both cases, the drop decelerates due to added mass and viscous effects, which are negligible in liquid/gas flows. Drop breakup is promotedby a higher viscosity surrounding such that the volume of the satellite drop increases when the drop-to-surrounding-fluid viscosity ratio is decreased.
Management of peritoneal dialysis Mycobacterium abscessus exit-site infection: A case report and literature review:

Peritoneal dialysis associated infections are common and associated with high morbidity and mortality, if not treated in a timely manner. Mycobacterium abscessus is an uncommon pathogen in peritone...
In Vitro Enzymatic Testing Method and Digestion Mechanism of Cross‐linked Wheat Starch

This chapter focuses on the in vitro digestion behaviour of cross-linked (CL) wheat starch at various time intervals, the progressive changes of CL wheat starch granules during the in vitro digestion and the mechanism of the digestive enzymes during the digestion period in AOAC Method 2009.01. The resistant starch (RS) value obtained at 16 hours was lower than the RS content measured by the Englyst Method and AOAC Method 991.43. Microscopic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results of the indigestible residues collected at the predetermined times showed progressive degradation of CL wheat starch granules. Some starch granules remained intact, which explained the comparable differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data for CL wheat starch at all incubation times. The mechanism of enzyme attack on the CL wheat starch was exo-corrosive, as identified by the surface erosions and the non-existence of pinholes on the granules.
Parallel Profile Matching for Large Scale Webcasting

Profile matching is a key problem for webcasting systems. In such a system, each user has a “personal” profile. Each information document is matched with profiles in a profile-database, and pushed only to those users whose profiles match the content of the document. We present an efficient and scalable parallel profile matching algorithm which can handle a large subscription volume and diversity of information content. Our algorithm automatically partitions the profile database for load balancing and minimizes the interaction among processors in parallel profile matching. It has a dynamic load balancing mechanism for handling profile updates. We describe the implementation of our algorithm in the context of the Grand Central Station (GCS) project at the IBM Almaden Research Center. The initial performance evaluation indicates that parallel profile matching can be scaled up gracefully via dynamic adaptation.
Aberrant Growth and Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Mutants

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients are predisposed to learning disabilities, macrocephaly, and brain tumors as well as abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging that are postulated to result from abnormal myelination. Here we show that Nf1 +/- spinal cords in adult mice have more than twofold-increased numbers of NG2+ progenitor cells. Nf1 -/- embryonic spinal cords have increased numbers of Olig2+ progenitors. Also, cultures from Nf1 mutant embryos with hemizygous and biallelic Nf1 mutations have dramatically increased numbers of CNS oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In medium that allows growth of neuroepithelial cells and glial progenitors, mutant cells hyper-respond to FGF2, have increased basal and FGF-stimulated Ras-GTP, and fail to accumulate when treated with a farnesyltransferase inhibitor. Cell accumulation results in part from increased proliferation and decreased cell death. In contrast to wild-type cells, Nf1 -/- progenitors express the glial differentiation marker O4 while retaining expression of the progenitor marker nestin. Nf1 mutant progenitors also abnormally coexpress the glial differentiation markers O4 and GFAP. Importantly, Nf1 -/- spinal cord-derived oligodendrocyte progenitors, which are amplified 12-fold, retain the ability to form oligodendrocytes after in vivo transplantation. The data reveal a key role for neurofibromin and Ras signaling in the maintenance of CNS progenitor cell pools and also suggest a potential role for progenitor cell defects in the CNS abnormalities of NF1 patients.
An energy-efficient reconfigurable angle-rotator architecture

A reconfigurable angle rotator architecture is proposed and incorporated into an energy-efficient reconfigurable FFT/IFFT processor IC as its major computation component, endowing the FFT/IFFT processor with a significant scalable power dissipation feature with varying FFT size. The reconfigurability of the angle rotator is realized by dynamically allocating computation resources, which are subrotation stages in cascade. This approach tends to minimize the size of the lookup table while maintaining computation accuracy, and tends to minimize the area and power consumption while improving the overall performance.
Effect of benzo(a)pyrene exposure on fluoranthene metabolism by mouse adipose tissue microsomes

The present study has been undertaken to examine whether exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound, influences the metabolism of fluoranthene (FLA), another PAH compound. Microsomes were isolated from the adipose tissue of mice that received 50 μg/kg BaP and incubated with FLA (3 µM) alone; FLA in combination with BaP at equimolar concentrations, and a control group that received nothing. Post-incubation, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed for FLA metabolites by reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. The rate of FLA metabolism (pmol of metabolite/min/mg protein) was increased when microsomes from BaP-treated mice were exposed to FLA alone and FLA in combination with BaP, compared to controls. On the other hand, the difference in FLA metabolic rate between microsomes that were exposed to FLA + BaP was higher than the ones that received FLA. The microsomes from BaP-pre-treated mice produced a considerably higher proportion of FLA 2, 3-dio...
Psychiatric emergency services: evolution, adaptation and proliferation.

Abstract This paper traces the dramatic rise of psychiatric emergency services (PES) and crisis intervention services over recent decades. It examines three processes—the evolution of such services, their adaptation to diverse settings, and the striking increase both in the number of programs and their utilization. PES first evolved along three disparate lines—makeshift psychiatric emergency care in the emergency room of the general hospital, ad hoc after-care services in the psychiatric hospital, and the community mental health movement. Community mental health legislation of the 1960s not only provided funds for PES but led to the merging of the three lines. PES have adapted to and are found in a great variety of settings. The latter include small general hospitals and huge medical centers; county, state, and private mental hospitals; free clinics; telephone hot-lines, and others. Their adaptability appears due to their flexible requirements and lack of need for an elaborate technology. Although fewer than 160 facilities were known to offer PES in 1963, their number exceeded 2000 by the early 1980s. Available piecemeal data indicate constantly increasing utilization of PES. This is a result of many factors, including deinstitutionalization. Although PES were initially visualized as resources for acute mental health care and continue to serve as such, they have become increasingly chronicized, consequent on the deinstitutionalized abandonment of many chronically ill persons. Changes are also occurring in the social and demographic characteristics of persons utilizing PES and in the ways in which the services are perceived and utilized. The early development of unlabeled and makeshift psychiatric emergency care in the general hospital's emergency room and the psychiatric hospital were instances of ‘evolutionary planning’. That is, in the face of mounting environmental demands, internal organizational strains, or other situational pressures, the organization adopted some expedient accommodations—modifying things only enough to maintain the essential system as it was. Currently, in the face of deinstitutionalization, policy shifts, and federal and state cutbacks in funding, new forms of evolutionary planning are emerging among facilities that provide PES.
Non-linear adaptive control of fermentation processes utilizing a priori modelling knowledge

Abstract This paper describes both SISO and MIMO adaptive versions of non-linear generic model control (GMC) applied to a baker's yeast fermentation. A mechanistic non-linear model is used whose structure can represent a wide range of different fermentation systems and operating conditions. This a priori representation of process knowledge is then combined with a simple and effective adaptation scheme to yield optimal flexibility of the model. Only a few parameters which appear linearly in the model need to be estimated on-line, resulting in very fast and potentially offset-free tracking of the process by the model-based controller. Simulations demonstrate that an adaptive MIMO version of GMC is superior to the corresponding non-adaptive version when faced with modelling errors. Experiments with a bench-scale yeast fermentation system demonstrate for the SISO case the applicability of adaptive non-linear control methods to an actual process and compare adaptive GMC performance with that of a conventional PI controller.
Time‐User Preference and Technology Acceptance: Measure Development of Computer Polychronicity

Past research recognizes the important influence of individual beliefs on technology acceptance and use. This line of research has also identified a variety of factors that drive the formation of these beliefs. One category of variables that has received less attention in this research stream consists of individual preferences, in particular time‐use preferences. In the current study we address the gap in the technology acceptance literature by introducing and empirically testing a new construct labeled computer polychronicity, which captures individuals’ time‐use preferences regarding information technology. A new measure of computer polychronicity is developed and subsequently tested using partial least squares estimation. Computer polychronicity is then theorized as a key driver of perceived usefulness, linking computer anxiety and computer playfulness to perceived usefulness. Overall, the results of model testing support the notion that preferences play an important role in the formation of technology‐related beliefs.
APPLICATION OF A GENETIC ALGORITHM TO POWER TRANSFORMER DESIGN

Design optimization is an important topic for electrical manufacturers. Optimization techniques that require derivatives are difficult to apply to the power transformer problem. This paper presents a new approach using the genetic algorithm to optimize power transformer design. An example design, included in this paper, indicates the viability of the proposed method to solve this problem and its ability to reduce the amount of engineering time spent comparing alternative designs.
A neurochemical and behavioral investigation of the involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in instrumental avoidance

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the role of nucleus accumbens dopamine in the performance of a lever press avoidance task in the rat. In this task, 0.5 mA shock was presented for 5 s every 30 s, but the rat could escape shock presentation, or avoid the shock for 30 s, by pressing a lever. In the first experiment, dialysis probes were implanted into the nucleus accumbens of rats previously trained on the avoidance procedure, and also two groups of untrained rats. On the day after dialysis probe implantation, rats trained to press a lever to avoid shock (n = 10) were exposed to a 45 min avoidance test session. Untrained rats were either exposed to periodic shock (n = 9) or the control procedure in which lights were dimmed but no shock was presented (n = 8). Performance of the avoidance task led to significant increases in extracellular dopamine and dopamine metabolites. There was a significant positive correlation between increases in extracellular dopamine and the number of avoidance responses emitted. In the second experiment, groups of rats were trained on the lever press avoidance procedure. After training, rats received intra-accumbens injections of the neurotoxic agent 6-hydroxydopamine or ascorbic acid vehicle. Dopamine depletion produced by 6-hydroxydopamine injection led to a substantial decrease in lever pressing to avoid or escape shock. These results indicate that dopamine in nucleus accumbens is important for operant avoidance responding, and that the involvement of accumbens dopamine in instrumental behavior is not unique to positively reinforced responses.
Crystalline alpha and beta forms of 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabinopyranose

Crystalline 3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-α-d-arabinopyranose monohydrate, mp 120 to 121 °C, and 3-O-α-d-gluecopyranosyl-β-d-arabinopyranose, mp 155 to 157 °C, were prepared from a sirup obtained by the Ruff degradation of calcium maltobionate. For the alpha monohydrate, [α]D20=+16.7×10-0.024t-9.6×10-0.098t+46.6 , and for the anhydrous beta form, [α]D20=-25.6×10-0.025t-9.4×10-0.097t+49.2 . The structure of the sugar was established by converting it into maltose. Treatment of the alpha form with pyridine-acetic anhydride gave a heptaacetate, mp 127 to 128 °C, [α]D20+62.4° (c 2.5, chloroform). The beta form gave a heptaacetate, mp 194.5-195.5° C, [α]D20+13.4° (c 2.5, chloroform).
A conjecture concerning thermodynamic limits to solar atmospheric heating

Considering the solar atmosphere in its entirety, that large-scale nonadiabatic processes (MHD waves, and so on) effectively tend to yield an 'equalization of temperature', such that the atmospheric temperature is limited to the base temperature associated with its heat source. This conjecture suggests that (1) the chromospheric temperature is limited by the granulation base temperature (10,000 K), (2) the spicule temperatures are limited by the base temperature (100,000 K) where the supergranular cells form, and (3) the quiet coronal temperature is less than or equal to the convection zone base temperature (2,000,000 K). Thermodynamical arguments are provided which may serve to augment the detailed heating models wherein large-scale mechanical energy is transported into the solar atmosphere involving MHD waves, current dissipation, and other nonthermal processes.
Anabolic Therapy for Osteoporosis

All currently available, approved therapies for osteoporosis inhibit bone resorption. By acting at this site in the bone remodeling cycle, estrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, and the bisphosphonates all have the capacity to increase bone mineral density and to reduce the risk of new fractures. There can be no doubt that these agents have had an enormous impact on our diagnostic and therapeutic approach to osteoporosis. Despite their great value, the antiresorptives are generally not associated with dramatic increases in bone mass, and their action to reduce fracture risk, although highly significant, is rarely more than 50% of the baseline risk. Another approach is anabolic therapy, in which bone formation is directly stimulated. In this review we will summarize the anabolic agents that have been studied and present a current view of their current standing. Fluoride, GH, insulin-like growth factor I, the statins, and PTH will be reviewed. Although still in development, approaches to combination therapy with antiresorptives and anabolic agents are also promising.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Practice in the Pursuit of Family Quality of Life: A Review of the Literature

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) practice may have both positive and negative impacts on quality of life (QOL) of children with AAC as well as their entire family. Thirteen studies ...
Sjögren's syndrome (sicca complex).

A case of sicca complex Sjogren's syndrome in a 41-year-old woman is presented. Symptoms related to xerophthalmia and xerostomia were severe but, ironically, served to confuse the clinical impressions of medical personnel managing this patient, resulting in a diagnostic dilemma. Biopsy of a labial minor salivary gland followed by histopathologic examination of the tissue provided invaluable information which, together with the clinical picture, aided in the establishment of the delayed diagnosis.
International investment: The Japan-U.S. dimension☆

Abstract The progress made by Toyota's North American manufacturing facility in Kentucky (‘TMM’) is shown by its twice having received the J.D. Power top quality award as the best quality plant in all of North America. It is estimated that the plant has also brought 20,000 jobs to the area. While in the early years Japanese manufacturers were learning from their U.S. counterparts, Toyota has reversed the technology transfer. It has increased its procurements from American suppliers and is helping the local community absorb the impact of the growth.
Gamma-ray energies and intensities in the decay of 205Bi

Abstract Gamma rays following the decay of 205Bi were studied using Ge(Li) detectors. The energies and intensities of 96 γ-rays in 205Pb have been determined. Of these 29 have not been previously observed. By comparing these γ-ray intensities with previously measured conversion electron intensities, information on the multipolarity of 40 transitions was obtained. This information, together with γγ and electron-γ coincidence data, is used to construct a decay scheme for 205Bi. The following new energy levels are suggested: 1129.9 keV, 5 2 − ; 1575.3 keV, 9 2 − ; 1705.0 keV, 11 2 − ; 1758.6 keV, 11 2 + ; 1965.9 keV, 11 2 + ; 2252.3 keV, 9 2 + ; 2488.2 keV, 7 2 + ; and 2521.7 keV, 9 2 − . The decay scheme is in substantial agreement with many of the results previously reported. A comparison of this decay scheme with several of the current theories is made. In addition, improved energy values have been obtained for several of the prominent γ-rays in 206Bi.
The role of male disease susceptibility in the evolution of haplodiploid insect societies

Heterozygosity at loci affecting resistance against parasites can benefit host fitness. We predict that, in haplodiploid species, haploid males will suffer decreased parasite resistance relative to diploid females. We suggest that elevated susceptibility in haploid males has shaped the evolution of social behaviour in haplodiploid species. Male susceptibility will select for behavioural adaptations that limit males' exposure to pathogens and that limit male transmission of pathogens within and between colonies. The relatedness-asymmetry hypothesis that has been advanced to explain female-only workers does not make these predictions. We review the relevant evidence for genetic effects on parasite resistance in insects and summarize empirical evidence that relates to the haploid-susceptibility hypothesis.
Multiplicities of points on a Schubert variety in a minuscule GP

In this paper we prove the results announced in [13]. Let G be a semi- simple, simply connected algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k. Let T be a maximal torus, B a Bore1 subgroup, B 3 T. Let W be the Weyl group of G. Let R (resp. R+ ) be the set of roots (resp. positive roots) relative to T (resp. B). Let S be the set of simple roots in R+. Let P be a maximal parabolic subgroup in G with associated fundamental weight w. Let W, be the Weyl group of P, and Wp be the set of minimal representatives of W/W,. For w E Wp, let e(w) be the point and X(w) the Schubert variety in G/P associated to w. In this paper we deter- mine the multiplicity m,(w) of X(w) at e(z), where e(z) E X(w), for all minuscule P’s and also for P = Pgn, G being of type C, (here Pun denotes the maximal parabolic subgroup obtained by omitting a,). The determina- tion of m,(w) is done as follows. Let L be the ample generator of Pic(G/P). A basis has been constructed for @(X(w), L”) in terms of standard monomials on X(w) (cf. [ 16, 11 I). Let U; be the unipotent subgroup of G generated by U-,, /?ET(R+ - Rp+) (here R, denotes the set of roots of P and U, denotes the unipotent subgroup of G, associated to tl E R). Then U; e(r) gives an affme neighborhood of e(z) in G/P. Let A, be the affine algebra of U, e(z) and A,.. = A,/&, where & is the ideal of elements of A, that vanish on X(w) n U; e(z). Let M,,, be the maximal ideal in A, H, corresponding to e(r). Then using the results of [ 16, 111, we obtain a basis of M;, &f:,+,,’ . This enables us to obtain an inductive formula for F,,,, the Hilbert polynomial of X(w) at e(T) (cf. Corollaries 3.8 and 4.11), and also express m, (w) in terms of m, (w’)‘s, X(w’)‘s being the Schubert divisors in X(w) such that e(T)E X(w’) (cf. Theorems 3.7 and 4.10). Using this we
The timing and sources of information for the adoption and implementation of production innovations

Two dimensions (personal-impersonal and internal-external) are used to characterize information sources as they become important during the interorganizational transfer of production innovations. The results of three studies are reviewed for the purpose of deriving a model of the timing and importance of different information sources and the utilization of new technology. Based on the findings of two retrospective studies, it was concluded that the pattern of information seeking behavior in user organizations during the awareness stage od adoption is not a reliable predictor of the eventual utilization rate. Using the additional findings of a real-time study, an empirical model of the relative importance of information sources for successful user organizations is presented. These results are extended and integrated into a theoretical model consisting of a time-profile of successful implementations and the relative importance of four types of information sources during seven stages of the adoption-implementation process.
Full-Scale Field Testing of Colloidal Silica Grouting for Mitigation of Liquefaction Risk

This paper reports results of a full-scale field test to assess the performance of dilute colloidal silica stabilizer in reducing the settlement of liquefiable soil. Slow injection methods were used to treat a 2-m-thick layer of liquefiable sand. Eight injection wells were installed around the perimeter of the 9-m-diameter test area and 8% by weight colloidal silica grout was slowly injected into the upper 2 m of a 10-m-thick layer of liquefiable sand. A central extraction well was used during grout injection to direct the flow of the colloidal silica towards the center of the test area. Details of the field injection are described. Subsequently, the injection wells were used to install explosive charges and liquefaction was induced by blasting. After blasting, approximately 0.3 m of settlement occurred versus 0.5 m of settlement in a nearby untreated area. The mechanism of improvement is thought to be bonding between the colloidal silica and the individual sand particles; the colloidal silica gel encapsulates the soil structure and maintains it during dynamic loading.