cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of reactions induced by medium-energy 3He and 4He ions in heavy target nuclei

Abstract Induced activity methods have been used to measure the cross sections of many reactions induced by 10–33 MeV 3 He ions and 10–44 MeV 4 He ions on a number of target nuclei in the mass range A = 180–210. It is shown that ( 4 He, x n) reactions account for more than 90% of the optical-model total reaction cross section in this mass region, and that these reactions proceed predominantly by compound nuclear mechanisms. On the other hand, ( 3 He, x n) reactions account for only about half of the 3 He ion total cross section. Using the independence hypothesis, it is argued that at least 40% of all reactions induced by 3 He ions in these nuclei involve charged-particle emission, and that direct reaction mechanism are dominant. With the possible exception of the ( 3 He, n) reaction, the ( 3 He, x n) results are consistent with compound nuclear reaction mechanisms.
siRNAs at RISC.

Abstract A recent report (Ma et al., 2004) describes the crystal structure of a "mini-siRNA" bound to a PAZ domain.
Epoetin alfa treatment for acute anaemia during interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C

Summary. Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains chronic in 75% of infected individuals, in whom it can cause liver inflammation and progressive fibrosis leading to cirrhosis in 20% of patients. A sustained viral response (SVR) to HCV therapy, i.e. undetectable plasma HCV RNA 6 months after the end of treatment, leads to permanent eradication of the virus in 98.3% of patients. The current treatment of choice is combination therapy with pegylated interferon alfa (PEG-IFN alfa), 2a or 2b, and ribavirin (RBV), which achieves an SVR in 54–56% of patients. In patients with HCV genotype 1, RBV doses of 1000–1200 mg/day are associated with a higher SVR than 800 mg/day (51 vs 40%). However, RBV also causes dose-dependent reversible haemolytic anaemia that, in combination with the myelosuppressive effects of PEG-IFN, results in a mean drop in haemoglobin (Hb) level of 3.7 g/dL within 4 weeks. Conventionally, this acute anaemia has been managed with RBV dose reductions. However, this may result in a decreased SVR rate. Alternatively, this anaemia can be managed with administration of epoetin alfa at 40 000 IU once weekly. In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, treatment with epoetin alfa has been shown to raise Hb levels and maintain RBV doses. Furthermore, the increase in Hb level was associated with improved quality of life. Anaemia in patients treated with interferon plus RBV combination therapy can be managed effectively and safely with once weekly epoetin alfa without sacrificing optimal dosing of RBV.
Measurement of antibody‐antigen dissociation constants using fast capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

The dissociation constant (Kd) of a monoclonal antibody with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled insulin and unlabeled insulins from several species were measured using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). Kd determinations were made by separating free FITC-insulin and its complex with the antibody in equilibrated solutions in 6 s or less. The use of LIF detection allowed quantification of free and bound FITC-insulin in the picomolar range, as is required to measure Kd's below 1 nM. The Kd of FITC-insulin with the antibody was determined to be 0.25 nM by Scatchard analysis. The Kd's of the antibody with unlabeled insulins from several species were obtained by fitting bound over free FITC-insulin as a function of unlabeled insulin concentration data from a series of solutions containing a fixed concentration of FITC-insulin and antibody and variable concentrations of insulin to the expected curve derived from the equilibria and mass balance of the solutions. Kd's for the different insulins were between 0.34 and 0.64 nM.
Marx, Marxists, and Economic Anthropology:

In the 1960s, as a result of the substantivist/formalist debate, economic anthropology became a recognizable field. Thereafter, Marxian thought became prominent in the field. While Marxian ideas pr...
Correlates of Voluntary vs. Involuntary Part‐time Employment among US Women

This article presents a study of the extent to which type and duration of labour force attachment add to the explanatory power of psychological, demographic, and family household characteristics to predict voluntary (n=166) vs. involuntary part-time (n=160) employment of women in the United States. We use the terms ‘voluntary’ and ‘involuntary’ to reflect the woman's choice in accepting to work in paid part-time employment. In this context, voluntary part-time work is not meant to be construed as charitable, non-paid activities, but rather is construed as individuals who are working part-time but who would prefer to be working full-time, if a suitable job were available. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience (NLSLME), we found that labour market attachment characteristics added little to predict part-time employment status (involuntary vs. voluntary) and had virtually no effect on the odds of any other correlates on employment status. The major exception was number of years of unemployment. The longer working women were previously unemployed, the greater the likelihood they were involuntarily employed in part-time jobs. In addition, we found that marriage and private sector employment decreased the likelihood of involuntary part-time employment. Findings suggest that involuntarily part-time employed women appear to be ‘settling’ for what they can get, namely, part-time rather than full-time jobs and that unmarried part-timers may be viewed as a stigmatized or marginal group more likely to be employed in the public rather than private sector. Policy implications and future research are discussed.
Whitman's OUT FROM BEHIND THIS MASK

In a July 1846 Brooklyn Daily Eagle article titled “Visit to Plumbe's Gallery,” Walt Whitman provides his readers with a sense of his cognitive process in motion—conveying a sense of the immediate,...
Paramecium Na+ channels activated by Ca2+-calmodulin: Calmodulin is the Ca2+ sensor in the channel gating mechanism

Paramecium Na+ channels, which were Ca(2+)-calmodulin activated, were studied in the inside-out mode of patch clamp. After excision of the membrane patch, they were active in the presence of 10(-5) to 10(-3) M Ca+ in the bath. They became much less active in the presence of 10(-6) M Ca2+, and their activity subsided completely at 10(-8) M Ca2+. A Hill plot showed a dissociation constant of 6 microM for Ca2+ binding. This dissociation constant shifted to a submicromolar range in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+. The channels also exhibited a mild voltage dependence. When exposed to 10(-8) M Ca2+ for an extended period of 2-4 min, channels were further inactivated even after bath Ca2+ was restored to 10(-4) M. Whereas neither high voltage (+100 mV) nor high Ca2+ (10(-3) M) was effective in reactivation of the inactive channels, addition of Paramecium wild-type calmodulin together with high Ca2+ to the bath restored channel activity without a requirement of additional Mg2+ and metabolites such as ATP. The channels reactivated by calmodulin had the same ion conductance, ion selectivity and Ca2+ sensitivity as those prior to inactivation. These inactivation and reactivation of the channels could be repeated, indicating that the direct calmodulin effect on the Na+ channel was reversible. Thus, calmodulin is a physiological factor critically required for Na+ channel activation, and is the Ca2+ sensor of the Na(+)-channel gating machinery.
Yeast Cells Provide Insight into Alpha-Synuclein Biology and Pathobiology

Alpha-synuclein is implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy, yet its functions remain obscure. When expressed in yeast, alpha-synuclein associated with the plasma membrane in a highly selective manner, before forming cytoplasmic inclusions through a concentration-dependent, nucleated process. Alpha-synuclein inhibited phospholipase D, induced lipid droplet accumulation, and affected vesicle trafficking. This readily manipulable system provides an opportunity to dissect the molecular pathways underlying normal alpha-synuclein biology and the pathogenic consequences of its misfolding.
Alkylamino radicals from the photolysis of benzylamines

Abstract The direct irradiation of a variety of secondary and tertiary N-benzyl-N-alkylamines at 253 nm results in the homolytic scission of only the benzyl- nitrogen . The caged pair of benzyl and dialkylamino radicals from tertiary amines are involved in disproportionation. Benzylamine and sec-benzylamines participate in further reactions in which a second nitrogen-centered radical is formed by abstraction from the NH bond. The combination and disproportionation of various allcylamino radicals are discussed.
Contested Identities: Human‐Environment Geography and Disciplinary Implications in a Restructuring Academy

(2002). Contested Identities: Human-Environment Geography and Disciplinary Implications in a Restructuring Academy. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 92, No. 1, pp. 52-74.
Ring oscillator reliability model to hardware correlation in 45nm SOI

Accurate CMOS reliability simulations are required at the circuit design stage in order to predict product lifetime. The physical mechanisms that cause transistor performance to degrade depend on operating conditions (temperature, bias), scale and technology of their design, as well as how the devices are topologically interconnected, loaded, and switched. This study investigates reliability model to hardware correlation of Cu 45nm Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) ring oscillators, variations of which are altogether typical of digital logic paths. The contributions from physical degradation mechanisms of Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and Hot-Carrier Injection (HCI) were modeled in RelXpert to produce degraded Spectre netlists. Simulations were found to be within acceptable accuracy for estimating aging induced performance changes in hardware, quantitatively compared in terms of the %-difference in the time-slope of the power regression of frequency degradation, as well as in the actual %-frequency degradation as a function of time. The main contribution of this work is in the accurate prediction of the extent of the dominant component degradation mechanisms in what may be the smallest scale thin-oxide devices that will ever be fabricated in production, reflecting that the NBTI and HCI mechanisms are well understood across scale variation approaching the atomic limit.
TECHNICAL NOTE---Exact Analysis of a Lost Sales Model Under Stuttering Poisson Demand

We investigate the (S-1, S) inventory policy under stuttering Poisson demand and generally distributed lead time when the excess demand is lost. We correct results presented in Feeney and Sherbrooke's seminal paper [Feeney, G. J., C. C. Sherbrooke. 1966. The (S-1, S) inventory policy under compound Poisson demand. Management Sci.12(5) 391--411] and note that the stationary distribution of units on order for the general compound Poisson demand case is still an open question.
Discursive identity: Assimilation into the culture of science and its implications for minority students

This study examined how, in some instances, participation in the cultural practices of high school science classrooms created intrapersonal conflict for ethnic minority students. Discourse analysis of videotaped science classroom activities, lectures, and laboratories was the primary methodology employed for analyzing students' discursive identity development. This analysis demonstrated differential appropriation of science discourse as four significant domains of discursive identities emerged: Opposition status, Maintenance status, Incorporation status, and Proficiency status. Students characterized as Opposition Status avoided use of science discourse. Students who exhibited Maintenance Status illustrated a commitment to maintaining their normative discourse behavior, despite a demonstrated ability to appropriate science discourse. Students characterized as Incorporation Status made active attempts to incorporate science discourse into their normative speech patterns, while Proficiency Status students demonstrated a fluency in applying scientific discursive. Implications for science education emerging from the study include the illumination of the need to make the use of specific scientific discourse an explicit component of classroom curriculum. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 810–834, 2004
Assessment of the relative importance of S+ and S− in rats, using intercurrent simultaneous and successive discriminations

Replaced-stimulus transfer tests were used to assess the relative importance of S+ and S­ without the confoundings typically associated with that procedure. Albino rats were given intercurrent training on a successive discrimination and a simultaneous discrimination. Then; two replaced-stimulus transfer tests were given. For one test, the S+ from the simultaneous discrimination was replaced by a stimulus from the successive discrimination. For the other test, the S- from the simultaneous discrimination was replaced by the other stimulus from the successive discrimination. More errors occurred when S- was replaced than when S+ was replaced. This finding showed that S- was the relatively more important stimulus. Investigations of the relative importance of S+ and S- in discrimination learning have used several pro­ cedures: replaced-stimulus transfer tests (e.g., Hall, 1973; Mandler, 1968; Stevens & Fechter, 1968), single­ stimulus training (e.g., Harlow & Hicks, 1957; Vaughter, Tyer, & Halcomb, 1966), and multiple-stimulus dis­ criminations (e .g., Mandler, 1970, 1971; Mullins & Winefield, 1979). The interpretation of results obtained using these procedures is beset by problems in experi­ mental design and errors in fundamental assumptions. Stevens and Wixon (1976) assessed whether novel or complex stimuli confound replaced-stimulus transfer tests, single-stimulus training, and multiple-stimulus discrimination. They found that the relative complexity of replacement stimuli significantly biased the results of replaced-stimulus transfer tests in favor of an inter­ pretation stressing the relative importance of S-. The relative novelty of the replacement stimulus produced a similar bias. Finally, manipulating the relative attrac­ tiveness of stimuli produced results consistent with an interpretation stressing the importance of S+. While these fmdings suggest that previous assessments of relative stimulus control have produced results influ­ enced by nonassociative factors, they did not indicate which stimulus was relatively more important. Recently, using a new method, Mason, Stevens, Wixon, and Owens (1980) reported two studies that
Anatomy and histochemistry of flight muscles in a wing-propelled diving bird, the Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica.

Twenty-three species within the avian family Alcidae are capable of wing-propelled flight in the air and underwater. Alcids have been viewed as Northern Hemisphere parallels to penguins, and have often been studied to see if their underwater flight comes at a cost, compromising their aerial flying ability. We examined the anatomy and histochemistry of select wing muscles (Mm. pectoralis, supracoracoideus, latissimus dorsi caudalis, coracobrachialis caudalis, triceps scapularis, and scapulohumeralis caudalis) from Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) to assess if the muscle fiber types reveal the existence of a compromise associated with "dual-medium" flight. Pectoralis was found to be proportional in size with that of nondiving species, although the supracoracoideus was proportionally larger in puffins. Muscle fiber types were largely aerobic in both muscles, with two distinct fast-twitch types demonstrable: a smaller, aerobic, moderately glycolytic population (FOg), and a larger, moderately aerobic, glycolytic population (FoG). The presence of these two fiber types in the primary flight muscles of puffins suggests that aerial and underwater flight necessitate a largely aerobic fiber complement. We suggest that alcids do not represent an adaptive compromise, but a stable adaptation for wing-propelled locomotion both in the air and underwater.
Psychological Aspects of Contraception, Unintended Pregnancy, and Abortion

The knowledge of important biopsychosocial factors linking women's reproductive health and mental health is increasing. This review focuses on psychological aspects of contraception, unintended pregnancy, and abortion because these are common reproductive health experiences in U.S. women's lives. This review addresses the mental-health antecedents and consequences of these experiences, mostly focusing on depression and depressive symptoms before and after unintended pregnancy and contraception. As mental-health antecedents, depressive symptoms predict contraceptive behaviors that lead to unintended pregnancy, and mental-health disorders have been associated with having subsequent abortions. In examining the mental-health consequences, most sound research does not find abortion or contraceptive use to cause mental-health problems. Consequently, evidence does not support policies based on the notion that abortion harms women's mental health. Nevertheless, the abortion-care setting may be a place to integrate mental-health services. In contrast, women who have births resulting from unintended pregnancies may be at higher risk of postpartum depression. Social policies (e.g., paid maternity leave, subsidized child care) may protect women from mental-health problems and stress of unplanned children interrupting employment, education, and pre-existing family care responsibilities.
Optimal distribution of signatures in signature hashing

G.H. Gonnet and P.A. Larson (1982) proposed a hashing scheme for external files which guarantees single access retrieval. They provided an asymptotic analysis of the scheme assuming uniform distribution of the signatures. This paper addresses an open problem posed by them in a second work (J. ACM, vol.35, no.1, p.161-84, 1988) about the performance of signatures having a skew distribution. An optimization problem is formulated to obtain the optimal signature distribution which maximizes the resulting load factor. Numerical results indicate that the optimal signature distribution results in significant reduction in the cost of insertions, which is of practical significance. >
Maxillary central giant cell granuloma in a dog

A young labrador dog had a rapidly enlarging osteolytic lesion of the left maxillary bone. The histological diagnosis was central giant cell granuloma. This is a benign, non-neoplastic lesion that has some radiographic and histological similarities to malignant bone tumours of this region. The importance of biopsy in making the diagnosis is emphasised because surgical treatment of central giant cell granuloma by resection or curettage usually resolves these lesions.
Structural and Biochemical Studies of ALIX/AIP1 and Its Role in Retrovirus Budding

ALIX/AIP1 functions in enveloped virus budding, endosomal protein sorting, and many other cellular processes. Retroviruses, including HIV-1, SIV, and EIAV, bind and recruit ALIX through YPX(n)L late-domain motifs (X = any residue; n = 1-3). Crystal structures reveal that human ALIX is composed of an N-terminal Bro1 domain and a central domain that is composed of two extended three-helix bundles that form elongated arms that fold back into a "V." The structures also reveal conformational flexibility in the arms that suggests that the V domain may act as a flexible hinge in response to ligand binding. YPX(n)L late domains bind in a conserved hydrophobic pocket on the second arm near the apex of the V, whereas CHMP4/ESCRT-III proteins bind a conserved hydrophobic patch on the Bro1 domain, and both interactions are required for virus budding. ALIX therefore serves as a flexible, extended scaffold that connects retroviral Gag proteins to ESCRT-III and other cellular-budding machinery.
Partially Observed Stochastic Shortest Path Problems With Approximate Solution by Neurodynamic Programming

We analyze a class of Markov decision processes with imperfect state information that evolve on an infinite time horizon and have a total cost criterion. In particular, we are interested in problems with stochastic shortest path structure, assuming the following: 1) the existence of a policy that guarantees termination with probability one and 2) the property that any policy that fails to guarantee termination has infinite expected cost from some initial state. We also assume that termination is perfectly recognized. In this paper, we clarify and expand upon arguments (given in an earlier paper) for establishing the existence, uniqueness, and characterization of stationary optimal policies, and the convergence of value and policy iteration. We also present an illustrative example, involving the search for a partially observed target that moves randomly on a grid, and we develop a simulation-based algorithm (based on neurodynamic programming techniques) for computing policies that approximately minimize the expected number of stages to complete the search.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of Activ GP and Resilon sealers in vitro

Objective This study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Activ GP and RealSeal sealers in a cell culture system in vitro, and to compare them with traditional AH 26 and Kerr sealers. Study design Samples of 0.5 mg freshly mixed or set RealSeal, Activ GP, AH 26, and Kerr sealers were eluted with 200, 400, 800, and 1,200 μL cell culture medium for 24 and 72 hours. L929 cells were seeded into 96-well plates at 3 × 10 4 cells/well and cultured with 100 μL eluate from each eluate group. Cells cultured with culture medium only served as a control. After 24 hours' incubation the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell viability was calculated as the percentage of the control group, and the results were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance. Results For the freshly mixed sealer, cell viability in the AH 26 group was less than in all of the other 3 sealer groups. The Kerr sealer group had greater cell viability than RealSeal and Activ GP groups. For the set sealer, cell viability in the AH 26 group was greater than in all of the other 3 groups. Cell viability in the RealSeal group was less than in the Kerr and Activ GP groups. Conclusion Freshly mixed RealSeal and Activ GP sealers have lower cytotoxicity than AH 26 sealer and more cytotoxicity than Kerr sealer. When sealers are set, RealSeal sealer has more cytotoxicity than AH 26 and Kerr sealer. Activ GP sealer has more cytotoxicity than AH 26 and is similar to Kerr sealer.
Methods to lower the dust exposure of bag machine operators and bag stackers.

This article reviews various dust control technologies developed over the years at the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to provide various options and alternatives to lower bag machine operators' and bag stackers' dust exposures. Dust exposure records for the past 20 years show that bag machine operators and bag stackers normally have the highest respirable dust exposures of workers at mineral processing plants. A substantial amount of research has been performed over the years to minimize the dust exposure to these workers and the intent is to present all this information together in one article. Most of the research describes engineering controls that were adapted to existing facilities to reduce the dust generated during bag filling, bag conveying, and bag stacking. In some cases, a single technique succeeded in lowering respirable dust concentrations for all three processes, thus reducing the dust exposure to both the bag machine opera...
Geographic Proximity and Foreign Military Intervention

Proceeding from assumptions about interests and costs, two basic questions about the relation of foreign military intervention and geographic proximity are examined: (1) whether various types of intervening countries usually send troops to distant or nearby states; (2) whether certain types of military intervention are more likely to occur near to or far from the intervener. Data on categories of foreign military intervention in all regions from 1948-1967 were collected from the New York Times, regional chronologies, and scholarly accounts. Analysis of these, along with geographic distance data shows: (1) large powers were most likely to intervene far from home and rarely intervened close by; (2) small and middle powers were most likely to undertake intervention hostile to the target government; (3) hostile interventions in domestic disputes were rare, and hostile military interventions abroad generally were close to the intervener's capital; (4) the bulk of distant interventions were friendly to target a...
A Mathematical Model for Localization in Granular Flow

The phrase `localization of flow' refers to a phenomenon in plasticity in which deformation becomes concentrated in thin bands of intense shearing. This paper proposes a two-dimensional continuum model which isolates some mathematical issues relevant to such shear banding. The challenge is to follow the solution after illposedness appears in the equations. A particular solution in this regime is constructed in the quasi-static approximation. The paper also lists several open problems suggested by the model. Besides addressing research questions, the paper is partly intended as an expository paper for mathematicians interested in shear bands.
National snapshot of adults with intellectual disabilities in the labor force

BACKGROUND: Employment has been recognized as an important goal for improving the quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Governments at both the federal and state level have invested billions of dollars to encourage better outcomes for adults with ID as they transition out of high school and into the labor force. OBJECTIVE: Given these important efforts, this study documented the employment situation of working-aged adults with intellectual disabilities across the country. METHODS: Respondents included a nationally representative random sample of 1,017 parents/guardians of adult children (21 years of age or older) with an intellectual disability surveyed by Gallup. These parents/guardians were selected from approximately 341,000 households screened by Gallup. This methodology allowed for the inclusion of a sample of adults with ID who had never been in the labor force or even sought employment. RESULTS: The results indicate a troublingly low employment rate for adults with ID and a puzzlingly low number who are even in the labor force. CONCLUSIONS: The employment outlook for adults with ID will continue to be bleak until new ways are found to meaningfully incorporate this population into the labor force.
Narrating memories: discourses of development and the environment in a Puerto Rican coastal region

This essay analyzes the construction of discourses on development and the environment in three communities in south Puerto Rico. It is based on research amon...
Optimal neuro-controller synthesis for variable-time impulse driven systems

This paper develops a systematic scheme to solve for the optimal controls of variable time impulsive systems. First, the optimality conditions for variable time impulse driven systems are derived using the calculus of variation. After wards, a neural network based adaptive critic method is proposed to numerically solve the two-point boundary value problems formulated based on the optimality conditions derived. Finally, two examples - one linear and one nonlinear - are presented to illustrate the conditions derived and to show the power of the neural network based adaptive critic method proposed.
Regional structure kinematic modules for singularity avoidance

Many industrial manipulators have three-revolute-joint (3R) regional structures for positioning a wrist center. Motion control of these 3R regional structures can be problematical, as boundary and internal singularities reduce the available spatial freedoms. This study addresses spatial motion singularity avoidance and performance enhancement via 4R regional structure kinematic modules. >
Wound Healing and Infection

Inflammation is a ubiquitous tissue response that has many specific elements. Inflammation has many important tissue-level functions that represent components of host defense. The inflammatory response represents the primary biological method for tissue hemostasis following injury. It serves the critical role for the localization, containment, and irradication of potential microbial pathogens which contaminate tissue. Furthermore, inflammation is the initial phase responsible for wound healing.
MONITORING OF NATURAL COMPLEXES AND TERRAIN DEVELOPMENT ON THE DRY FLOOR OF THE ARAL SEA

The principal objectives and methods of a Kazakh government program using remote sensing imagery to study processes of terrain development on the dried floor of the Aral Sea are described. A sketch...
Synthesis of a New Class of Polyphenylated Phthalocyanines and Metallophthalocyanines

We wish to report the synthesis of a new class of peripherally modified, polyphenylated phthalocyanines (Pcs) and metallophthalocyanines (MPcs). These compounds were synthesized by cyclic tetramerization of functionalized pentaphenylbenzophthalonitriles. The phthalonitriles were made in several steps via Diels-Alder cycloaddition between phenylethynylphthalonitrile and substituted tetracyclones. The polyphenylated design leads to enhanced solubility. Thin films can be cast from solutions of the butoxy and dodecaoxy substituted polyphenylated Pcs and MPcs. Cyclodehydrogenation of the Pcs was studied in an attempt to produce planar systems. Preliminary results indicate the pentaphenyl substituent is too bulky to planarize under the conditions employed.
Modeling surface plasma actuator for flow control

The surface plasma actuators over the entire speed region have been intensely investigated for flow control. Most of the fundamental phenomena have been firmly identified by experimental observations but some ambiguities still remained. The direct computational simulation is presently beyond our reach, thus the essential physics may be better understood on the framework of physics-based modeling. To achieve this objective, the drift-diffusion approximation is adopted as a transport property approximation to the nonequilibrium air plasma. The most challenging issue of electron impact ionization process at the low-temperature environment is addressed by the Townsend mechanism together with electron attachment, detachment, bulk, and ion-ion recombination. The effects and quantifications of Joule heating, periodic electrostatic force, as well as, the Lorentz acceleration for flow control are examined. The clarification to the hot spot of heat transfer in direct current discharge and the orientations of the periodic force associated with an AC cycle of dielectric barrier discharge are also included.
Linkage Analysis of Three New Alleles Affecting Puparium Morphology in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Three new autosomal recessive genes are described in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). They are associated in the same linkage group as the previously described mandarin red ( ma ) and matte ( mt ) genes. Elongate puparium ( ep ) and robust puparium ( rp ) result from the failure of the third instar to contract properly during pupariation. ep is significantly longer and narrower than the wild-type puparium. rp is significantly shorter and wider than the wild-type puparium. Melanistic ( me ) is characterized by a black puparium and a darkly pigmented adult.
Project Management Approaches for Environmentally Considerate Strategic Planning that Balance Organizational Strategy with Sustainable Tactics at Colleges

In order to sustain a competitive advantage and a leading market share, organizations must employ successful project management techniques. Efficient project management systems thinking and strategic planning deliver strategic organizational competency by facilitating operational outcomes to strategic priorities. When sustainability is introduced, strategic planning leads to effective problem avoidance that aligns with an organization’s project management methodologies. This paper proposes conceptual project management approaches for strategic planning that balances organizational strategy with sustainable tactics at universities and colleges. It addresses sustainability in higher education institutions (HEIs) and proposes project management planning methods for strategic adaptations that can create differentiation and competitive advantage for HEIs. The end goal is to focus attention on strategic planning coupled with structured project management methodology for sustained maintenance. The concept of the triple-bottom-line framework for HEIs is introduced for coupling strategic planning, project management and sustainable methodologies. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research into operationalization of the areas of sustainability and project management systems thinking in order to further advance conscientious strategic planning for educational institutions.
Alternatives to Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Most problems encountered in complex revision total knee arthroplasty can be managed with the wide range of implant systems currently available. Modular metaphyseal sleeves, metallic augments and cones provide stability even with significant bone loss. Hinged designs substitute for significant ligamentous deficiencies. Catastrophic failure that precludes successful reconstruction can be encountered. The alternatives to arthroplasty in such drastic situations include knee arthrodesis, resection arthroplasty and amputation. The relative indications for the selection of these alternatives are recurrent deep infection, immunocompromised host, and extensive non-reconstructible bone or soft-tissue defects.
Effect of pharmacist consultation on rational antimicrobial therapy

The incidence of rational decisions concerning antimicorbial therapy before and after the establishment of clinical pharmaceutical services in a hospital was compared. A protocol was designed to determine the rationality of physician orders for antimicrobial therapy. This ptocol was used to analyze retrospectively the medical records for patients admitted to a 30-bed surgical unit and a 30-bed medical unit during two months before and after clinical pharmaceutical services were initiated. The results showed that exposure to routine clinical pharmaceutical services appeared to improve prescribing rationality only of drugs used to treat infectious conditions. Since the study design had no control group, the causal effect of clinical pharmaceutical services on the rationality of antimicrobial therapy could not be determined; however, the use of an organized protocol in monitoring antimicrobial therapy allowed an assessment of the use and misuse of antimicrobials in hospitals.
MIPS - An Interactive Decision Support System for Hardware Investment Planning

With information technology gaining more and more strategic importance in today’s business world, enterprises have more than ever to be aware of supplying the computing services the company needs. On the other hand, IS resources are a major cost issue. Therefore, capacity planning can no longer be defined as just projecting system growth and hardware requirements. Instead its “...ultimate purpose must be to project capital expenditures into the future as part of an organizational plan” (Thewlis (1990), p. 47). If capacity planning is, therefore, understood as a process that must be performed by both technical and financial experts, it is evident that there is a need to simultaneously consider the implications of investment decisions in both areas.
Rabi Flopping and Coherent Transients in a Josephson Junction

Recently, studies involving coherent transient phenomena in Josephson devices have been discussed from a quantum optical perspective [1,2]. The motivation for these investigations has been the close analogy between two-level quantum optical systems and Josephson devices [3]. In particular, the angular momentum formulation of an n-atom system according to Dicke [4] has a close analogy to the corresponding problem of n-Cooper pairs interacting with the radiation field in a Josephson tunnel junction. In this article, we briefly review the fundamental concepts of superconductivity and superconducting tunnel junctions, and emphasize the relation between Josephson junctions and superradiant physics. We then sketch the analysis as applied to a tunnel junction undergoing dynamical transients first from a quantum optical and then from the common phenomenological point of view. We find that the present results differ from those obtained in the usual phenomenological fashion.
Wave operators and unitary equivalence of self-adjoint operators

Let H0 and H1 be self-adjoint operators on an arbitrary Hilbert space S and define the one-parameter family of unitary operators U t by $${{U}_{t}}={{U}_{t}}({{H}_{1}},{{H}_{0}})={{e}^{it{{H}_{1}}}}{{e}^{-it{{H}_{0}}}}(-\infty <t<\infty )$$ (5.1.1) In quantum mechanics, H0 and H1 correspond to the unperturbed and total Hamiltonian respectively and U t transforms the state at time t (interaction picture) into that at time t = 0 (Heisenberg picture); see, e.g., Friedrichs [3], Jauch [1] and Jauch and Zinnes [1].
Full Out-of-Die Compressibility and Compactibility Profiles From Two Tablets

Abstract In this study, a method is presented that can be used to generate full out-of-die compressibility and compactibility profiles using the data from only 2 tablets. For each material, one tablet was compacted at the maximum pressure of interest and a second tablet at a relatively low pressure. The in-die data collected during compaction to the maximum pressure of interest and the solid fraction change after ejection for both tablets were used to generate a profile equivalent to a complete out-of-die compressibility profile. After measuring the tensile strengths of each tablet, a compactibility profile was produced by fitting the out-of-die porosity and tensile strength data to the Ryshkewitch-Duckworth equation. This method generated accurate out-of-die compressibility and compactibility profiles for each of the materials studied. Not only is this technique computationally simple, but in cases where only small amounts of raw material are available, this method allows a detailed understanding of a material's mechanical behavior to be assessed.
Associations of Sex Hormones With Surface Electrocardiogram J Point Amplitude in Healthy Volunteers

Gender differences in J point height exist. Previous studies suggest male sex hormones mediate effects on cardiovascular disease through myocardial repolarization. Our objective was to assess whether male and female sex hormones are associated with J point amplitude in healthy subjects. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 475 healthy, mixed racial population of men, and premenopausal women (age 33 ± 9 years, 56% male). Baseline J point amplitude (JPA) was obtained from continuous surface electrocardiograms. Plasma testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone, estrone, 17-estradiol (E2), and sex hormone–binding globulin were measured. A free testosterone index (FTI) was calculated. Multivariate regression analysis stratified by gender and electrocardiographic lead location was used to determine independent predictors of maximum JPA. Regression analysis demonstrated FTI levels were positively associated with JPA in lateral leads (β = +0.01, p
Parallel DNS for Flow Separation and Transition around Airfoil

Publisher Summary Direct numerical simulation (DNS) for the flow separation and transition around a NACA 0012 airfoil with an attack angle of 4o and Reynolds number of 100,000 is conducted and analyzed in this chapter. The details of the flow separation, formation of the detached shear layer, Kelvin- Helmoholtz instability (inviscid shear layer instability) and vortex shedding, interaction of non-linear waves, breakdown, and re-attachment are obtained and analyzed. Though no external disturbances are introduced, the self-excited mechanism is observed which may reveal the origin of the disturbance for airfoil with attack angles. The power spectral density of pressure shows the low frequency of vortex shedding caused by the Kelvin-Helmoholt instability dominates the process from the leading edge to trailing edge. The simulation shows that the nonlinear wave interaction and breakdown is driven by the generation and growth of the stream-wise vortex which leads to deformation, stretching, and the eventual breakdown of the shed prime vortex.
Autoencoder-Enhanced Sum-Product Networks

Sum-product networks (SPNs) are probabilistic models that guarantee exact inference in time linear in the size of the network. We use autoencoders in concert with SPNs to model high-dimensional, high-arity random vectors (e.g., image data). Experiments show that our proposed model, the autoencoder-SPN (AESPN), which combines two SPNs and an autoencoder, produces better samples than an SPN alone. This is true whether we sample all variables, or whether a set of unknown query variables is sampled, given a set of known evidence variables.
Advances in Experimental Techniques for Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry

In 1921 Edward Washburn published an elegantly brief note in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.(1) In the space of less than one small page he laid all of the groundwork for the experimental technique that has grown, over the ensuing 60 years, into the field of mercury intrusion porosimetry. Washburn pointed out that mercury will not voluntarily enter the pores in most materials and that pressure is required to induce it to do so. He derived a simple equation, the Washburn equation, that relates the required pressure and the size of pore being entered.
Design and implementation of a multimedia protocol suite in a BSD Unix Kernel

Development of distributed multimedia applications requires support for coordination and temporal/causal synchronization of traffic over related streams. Our current research involves investigation of appropriate OS and communication abstractions to support such applications. Towards this goal, we have designed and implemented MCP, a suite of transport and session layer protocols, in the framework of a standard BSD Unix networking platform. MCP contains two new abstractions. First, MCP contains a token-based mechanism for coordination of traffic over a multipoint connection. Second, MCP includes an abstraction called a multi-flow conversation that enforces both temporal and causal synchronization among related data streams. This paper discusses Unix kernel implementation of MCP and describes our experience in using MCP.
The Role of the Jahn-Teller Effect in the Optical Spectra of Ions in Solids

The Jahn-Teller theorem is stated and then illustrated by a simple two-dimensional model. The model is used to show the Coulomb origin of the effect and to discuss the static and dynamic Jahn-Teller effects. This is followed by a fuller discussion of the Hamiltonian describing a magnetic ion in a crystal and a presentation of the multidimensional configuration coordinate diagrams for actual systems of interest. These diagrams are then used to discuss the broad-band optical spectra which can occur. The vibronic level structure for electronically degenerate states is then discussed employing correlation diagrams and evidence of this structure is cited from selected optical spectra.
Characteristics of Partial Discharges on a Dielectric Surface in SF6-N2 Mixtures

An important tool for improving the reliability of HV-insulation systems relies on partial discharge (PD) measurements. the assessment of the insulation failure of HV equipment using PD measurements requires an interpretation of the PD measurements themselves. the statistical characterization of pulsating PD signals has been shown1-3 to play an important role in understanding PD phenomena. the development of diagnostic systems which utilize statistical data on partial discharges for pattern recognition is important for the identification of types of defects in electrical insulation.
Statistical Assessment of a Process Change

The effect of a planned process change on product performance is to be evaluated by implementing the change directly on the manufacturing floor and assessing the results. It is shown that, instead of making a one-time change and comparing the results af..
Minha Vida e Minha Carreira e Minha Família (My Life and My Career and My Family)

A 1980s cholera outbreak in Latin America, an inspirational university professor and one not-so-inspirational professor, and an Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship were all pivotal experiences in my evolution as an environmental engineer, at the University of Kentucky where I am a full professor in the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering.
Radical Reproduction: Octavia E. Butler’s HistoFuturist Archiving as Speculative Theory

The archive the late, great speculative fiction writer Octavia E. Butler created over the course of her lifetime (1947–2006) was massive. From early school days, Butler saved almost everything rele...
New Directions in Research on Immigration, Crime, Law, and Justice

From the early twentieth century onward, research has found little to no support for a positive association between immigration and crime (Hayford 1911). In fact, much available research finds the opposite; more immigration leads to less crime. While the scholarly community has largely debunked as myth the idea that more immigrants lead to more crime, there remain many questions about the nature of the relationship between immigration and crime. Three articles in this special issue take up these more nuanced questions. The research presented in this special issue contributes new findings and perspectives on immigration, crime, law, and justice. The analyses range from studies of the relationship between undocumented immigration and crime among youthful offenders to studies of newspaper coverage of immigration and crime in Europe. Moreover, the questions addressed are informed by a productive mixture of quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence from the present and the past. As we look to the future, we encourage scholars to build from the work presented herein and to seek diverse data to build a better understanding of the complex ways that immigration, crime, law, and justice are interconnected.
The incidence and recovery rate of idiopathic vocal fold paralysis: a population-based study

To determine the incidence and spontaneous recovery rate of idiopathic vocal fold paralysis (IVFP) and paresis (IVFp), and the impact of steroid treatment on rates of recovery. This retrospective cohort study included all patients with IVFP or IVFp within a large integrated health-care system between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including time to diagnosis, spontaneous recovery status, time to recovery, and treatment, were examined. A total of 264 patients were identified, 183 (69.3%) with IVFP and 81 (30.7%) with IVFp. Nearly all cases (96.6%) were unilateral and 89.8% of patients were over the age of 45. The combined (IVFP and IVFp) 7-year mean incidence was 1.04 cases per 100,000 persons each year with the highest 7-year mean annual incidence in white patients (1.60 per 100,000). The total rate of spontaneous recovery was 29.5%, where 21.2% had endoscopic evidence of resolution and 8.3% had clinical improvement in their voice without endoscopic confirmation. The median time to symptom resolution was 4.0 months. Use of steroids was not linked with spontaneous recovery in multivariable analyses. The annual incidence of VFP (IVFP and IVFp) was 1.04 cases per 100,000 persons, with spontaneous recovery occurring in nearly a third of patients, regardless of steroid use.