cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restoring Cerebral Blood Flow Reveals Neural Regions Critical for Naming

We identified areas of the brain that are critical for naming pictures of objects, using a new methodology for testing which components of a network of brain regions are essential for that task. We identified areas of hypoperfusion and structural damage with magnetic resonance perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging immediately after stroke in 87 individuals with impaired picture naming. These individuals were reimaged after 3-5 d, after a subset of patients underwent intervention to restore normal blood flow, to determine areas of the brain that had reperfused. We identified brain regions in which reperfusion was associated with improvement in picture naming. Restored blood flow to left posterior middle temporal/fusiform gyrus, Broca's area, and/or Wernicke's area accounted for most acute improvement after stroke. Results show that identifying areas of reperfusion that are associated with acute improvement of a function can reveal the brain regions essential for that function.
General, Special, and Remedial Teachers' Acceptance of Behavioral and Instructional Strategies for Mainstreaming Students with Mild Handicaps:

This study attempted to extend research on factors affecting acceptance of behavioral interventions and to identify factors involved in acceptance of instructional strategies. A questionnaire was used to survey teachers' acceptability ratings of instructional strategies and behavioral interventions. Teacher ratings of current mainstreaming practices also- were obtained. Results revealed a relation between perceived effectiveness of an intervention and willingness to implement. Questions about the match between perceived effectiveness and empirically supported effectiveness are raised, and directions for future acceptability studies are discussed.
Accelerated fractionation radiotherapy for hospitalized glioblastoma multiforme patients with poor prognostic factors.

The standard 6 week course of post-operative radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma grade IV) is lengthy, considering the poor prognosis. The standard schedule is especially unsuitable for hospitalized patients and for those with poor prognostic factors (such as old age and poor performance status) since their survival is particularly short. In order to improve the survival — treatment time ratio, we entered a total of 14 hospitalized patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and poor prognostic factors (mean age 62, mean KPS 57 %) into a Phase I trial of accelerated fractionation (AF) external beam radiotherapy.
The Relationship between Political Role of the Police and Their Prestige: A Cross-National Study:

I hypothesized that the citizens of countries whose police played a significant political role would view their police forces negatively. However, contrary to expectations, the prestige accorded to police officers in various nations of the world was found to be unrelated to their role in the political processes of the countries.
ACS chemical neuroscience molecule spotlight on semagacestat (LY450139).

Semagacestat (LY450139) is a novel γ-secretase inhibitor currently in late-stage development by Eli Lilly and Company as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Semagacestat is currently being studied in two phase III clinical trials.
Effect of H2O on Mg(OH)2 carbonation pathways for combined CO2 capture and storage

Abstract Mg-bearing sorbents, derived from silicate minerals and industrial wastes, can act as combined carbon capture and storage media in various energy conversion systems. Mg(OH) 2 carbonation in the slurry phase occurs spontaneously and recent results show improved gas–solid carbonation with comparable materials in the presence of H 2 O vapor; however, the reaction mechanism is still poorly understood at high temperature and pressure conditions. This study investigated the pathways of H 2 O enhanced Mg(OH) 2 carbonation at elevated temperatures and CO 2 pressures (up to 673 K and 1.52 MPa) in the presence of steam and in the slurry phase. For a given reaction temperature, carbonation conversion showed dramatic increase with increasing H 2 O loading. Comprehensive solid analyses via thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Raman allowed for qualitative and quantitative compositional characterization of reacted solids. The results suggest that a hydrated environment facilitates the formation of intermediate hydrated magnesium carbonate species. The hydrated carbonates form relatively quickly and can transform into anhydrous carbonates while subjected to greater H 2 O loading, higher temperature, and/or longer reaction time.
BER estimation for MIMO HSDPA : Chip level Wiener equalizer and successive interference cancellation

In this paper we describe and simulate an accurate Bit Error Rate (BER) estimator for a chip level Wiener equalizer and combined equalizer/interference canceller for employment with the CDMA MIMO High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) feature of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In the 2 × 2 MIMO system two data streams may be transmitted in the downlink to each user equipment (UE) using assigned multiple orthogonal CDMA codes of Spreading Factor 16. The two streams are mapped to the two transmit antennas via a 2 × 2 weight matrix. Since the two streams use the same set of CDMA codes, it results in some direct interference between the two data streams at the receiver. The signal constellations from the two data streams interfere with each other and this complicates the BER estimation process. Treating this interference as AWGN is not sufficient for accurate BER estimation. The modulation type and order needs to be taken into account. Furthermore, the modulation order of the two data streams may also be different, e.g., QPSK may be used for one stream while 16QAM is used for the other. In this paper we describe the HSDPA transmitter and antenna weight matrix parameter calculations, as well as a chip level equalizer structure for which the BER is to be estimated. The transmit antenna weight matrix calculations are based on Channel State Information (CSI) and can be used, along with adaptive modulation and coding to optimize transmission. In the receiver a chip level 2 × 2 matrix Wiener equalizer is first used to recover the two transmit antenna streams in a minimum mean square error sense. The equalizer is implemented using a generalized overlap-save filtering method using FFT processing. Following this, the transmitter processing is reversed to estimate the transmitted data. The BER estimator must take into account white noise at the receiver, the interference between codes from loss of orthogonality due to the multipath channel, self noise from different time shifts of the given user's code (also due to the multipath channel) and the crosstalk between the user's two data streams, which use the same CDMA codes. The BER estimator for both the basic Wiener filter receiver and the Wiener filter plus interference canceller will be analyzed and compared with simulated BER measurements.
Applying the equivalent pi circuit to the modeling of hydraulic pressurized lines

Pressurized lines, such as water pipelines and hydraulic brake lines, are used for many applications across different industries. Various models focusing on the dynamic pressure behavior of such lines have been developed; however, some representations are either inadequate or difficult to implement. In this paper, existing pressurized line models are first reviewed and a comparison of the relative accuracy among different representations is provided. Moreover, the equivalent pi circuit model developed in electric power engineering is applied to provide an exact representation of a distributed parameter pressurized line. This exact model is compared to multi-lump representations, and its use is demonstrated using examples.
Mammalian pancreas development: regeneration and differentiation in vitro.

Abstract Studies of the temporal sequence of mammalian pancreas development have demonstrated the existence of a protodifferentiated state that is characterized by low constant levels of amylase specific activity. In order to investigate this state further, guts from 9-day mouse embryos were cultured for 3 days, during which a protodifferentiated dorsal pancreas formed, consisting of a neck region or duct that extended from the intestinal wall and terminated in a large bulb of tissue. The pancreas bulb was then removed, leaving only the duct. This day corresponded to Day 12 of gestation. During 5 days of additional culture, 37 of 43 ducts regenerated a pancreas with an amylase specific activity equal to that of control pancreas (2.4 μg of maltose hydrate released/min/μg of protein at 37°C). Guts placed in culture at 12 days, with removal of the pancreas the same day, gave similar results. Other combinations of starting embryonic age plus culture time, prior to pancreas removal, totaling 12 or 13 days also underwent regeneration. Only of 18 pancreases regenerated from ducts equivalent to 14 days of gestation. Removal of the stomach, the intestine, and the ventral pancreas did not affect the ability of the dorsal pancreas to regenerate. However, removal of the duct at the presumptive intestinal wall did not result in regeneration. Regenerated pancreas differentiation was further confirmed by electron microscopic demonstration of zymogen granules in exocrine cells and of at least two types of secretory granules in endocrine cells. The results demonstrate that the protodifferentiated duct can regenerate a new pancreas including both exocrine and endocrine tissue, and that the regenerated pancreas is not retarded in its development when compared with the control pancreas.
MO‐H‐19A‐03: Patient Specific Bolus with 3D Printing Technology for Electron Radiotherapy

Purpose: Bolus is widely used in electron radiotherapy to achieve desired dose distribution. 3D printing technologies provide clinicians with easy access to fabricate patient specific bolus accommodating patient body surface irregularities and tissue inhomogeneity. This study presents the design and the clinical workflow of 3D printed bolus for patient electron therapy in our clinic. Methods: Patient simulation CT images free of bolus were exported from treatment planning system (TPS) to an in-house developed software package. Bolus with known material properties was designed in the software package and then exported back to the TPS as a structure. Dose calculation was carried out to examine the coverage of the target. After satisfying dose distribution was achieved, the bolus structure was transferred in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file format for the 3D printer to generate the machine codes for printing. Upon receiving printed bolus, a quick quality assurance was performed with patient resimulated with bolus in place to verify the bolus dosimetric property before treatment started. Results: A patient specific bolus for electron radiotherapy was designed and fabricated in Form 1 3D printer with methacrylate photopolymer resin. Satisfying dose distribution was achieved in patient with bolus setup. Treatment was successfully finished for one patient with the 3D printed bolus. Conclusion: The electron bolus fabrication with 3D printing technology was successfully implemented in clinic practice.
Effects of nitroglycerin on soluble guanylate cyclase: implications for nitrate tolerance.

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric hemoprotein that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to cGMP. Upon binding NO to its heme cofactor, purified sGC was activated 300-fold. sGC was only activated 67-fold by nitroglycerin (GTN) and Cys; and in the absence of Cys, GTN did not activate sGC. Electronic absorption spectroscopy studies showed that upon NO binding, the Soret of ferrous sGC shifted from 431 to 399 nm. The data also revealed that activation of sGC by GTN/Cys was not via the expected ferrous heme-NO species as indicated by the absence of the 399 nm heme Soret. Furthermore, EPR studies of the reaction of GTN/Cys with sGC confirmed that no ferrous heme-NO species was formed but that there was heme oxidation. Potassium ferricyanide is known to oxidize ferrous sGC to the ferric oxidation state. Spectroscopic and activity data for the reactions of sGC with GTN alone or with K3Fe(CN)6 were indistinguishable. These data suggest the following: 1) GTN/Cys do not activate sGC via GTN biotransformation to NO in vitro, and 2) in the absence of added thiol, GTN oxidizes sGC.
Harnessing synthetic lethal interactions in anticancer drug discovery

Unique features of tumours that can be exploited by targeted therapies are a key focus of current cancer research. One such approach is known as synthetic lethality screening, which involves searching for genetic interactions of two mutations whereby the presence of either mutation alone has no effect on cell viability but the combination of the two mutations results in cell death. The presence of one of these mutations in cancer cells but not in normal cells can therefore create opportunities to selectively kill cancer cells by mimicking the effect of the second genetic mutation with targeted therapy. Here, we summarize strategies that can be used to identify synthetic lethal interactions for anticancer drug discovery, describe examples of such interactions that are currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies of targeted anticancer therapies, and discuss the challenges of realizing the full potential of such therapies.
Spontaneous physical activity in a respiratory chamber is correlated to habitual physical activity.

OBJECTIVE: During a stay in a respiratory chamber without an exercise protocol, physical activity is limited to activities of daily living, change of posture and ‘fidgeting,’ collectively referred to as spontaneous physical activity (SPA). SPA is quite variable among individuals and is a heritable trait. A low SPA during a chamber stay is a predictor of weight gain in men. However, it remains to be established whether physical activity in a respiratory chamber relates to physical activity under habitual, free-living conditions. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether physical activity in a chamber is correlated to habitual, free-living physical activity. DESIGN: Fifty healthy, non-diabetic Pima Indians (30 M/20 F, 30±6 y; 37±10% body fat; means±s.d.) completed a 24 h stay in the respiratory chamber followed by a 7 day measurement of habitual, free-living energy expenditure by doubly labeled water. Free-living physical activity was expressed as activity energy expenditure (AEEFL; daily energy expenditure−(sleeping metabolic rate+thermic effect of food)), physical activity level (PALFL; daily energy expenditure/sleeping metabolic rate) and body-size independent activity units. Activity during the chamber stay was expressed as PALCh, AEECh, and based on radar sensor measurements, as percentage of time with activity (SPARadar). RESULTS: AEEFL (averaging 930±310 kcal/day (3.89±1.30 MJ/day)) was correlated to AEECH (averaging 440±160 kcal/day (1.84±0.67 MJ/day)) and higher in men than in women (r=0.53, P=0.003) and r=0.53, P=0.02, respectively). Likewise, PALFL (averaging 1.75±0.21) was correlated to PALCh (averaging 1.42±0.10) and higher in men than in women (r=0.49, P=0.006 and r=0.42, P=0.02, respecitvely). Free-living activity expressed in body-size independent activity units (averaging 17.8±7.0) was correlated to SPARadar (averaging 6.4±1.7) with no effect of sex (r=0.30, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Physical activity in a respiratory chamber was correlated to habitual physical activity, whether expressed as AEE, PAL or body-size independent activity units, providing a plausible explanation for the demonstrated association between a low SPA in the chamber and weight gain. The study encourages further studies of the genetic and non-genetic determinants of SPA and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).
Evidence review: emergency medical services treatment of patients with congestive heart failure/acute pulmonary edema: do risks outweigh benefits?

Susan E. Shapiro is Director of Education and Clinical Practice, UCSF Medical Center, Department of Nursing, San Francisco, Calif. Supported by the National Institutes of Nursing Research grant No. T32-NR07061-11. For reprints, write: Susan E. Shapiro, PhD, RN, CEN, UCSF Medical Center, Department of Nursing, L171, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143; E-mail: susan.shapiro@ucsfmedctr.org. J Emerg Nurs 2005;31:51-7. 0099-1767/$30.00 Copyright n 2005 by the Emergency Nurses Association. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2004.10.002
Bremsstrahlung in High Energy Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions

Formulas for the differential cross sections for the continuous $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-emission accompanying proton-neutron, proton-proton, neutron-neutron collisions have been derived. Numerical results are given for an incident nucleonic energy of 250 Mev.
Surface embrittlement of ductile polymers: A fracture mechanics analysis

The embrittlement of ductile polymers resulting from outdoor weathering or aging or from the application of brittle surface coatings is explained using fracture mechanics principles. It is shown that in order for surface embrittlement to occur, the brittle surface should have a dynamic stress intensity factor at the brittle/ductile interface that exceeds the arrest toughness of the ductile polymer. This phenomenon is modeled using duplex tensile specimens fabricated from poly(methylmethacrylate) (brittle layer) and polycarbonate (ductile substrate) as well as from styrene-acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers.
Citizenship status and arrest patterns in the United States: evidence from the arrestee drug abuse monitoring program

The purpose of the study was to estimate associations between citizenship status and arrest for crimes among male arrestees. The primary hypothesis was that citizenship status (a rough proxy for immigration) has significant effects on arrest for violent personal crimes, property crimes, and four other selected offenses. Data were derived from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program for the years 2000 through 2002 inclusive. Our sample comprised male arrestees only. Logistic regression models were fitted to the data to estimate the citizenship status-crime relationship. Results showed no significant association between citizenship status and arrest for violent crimes. Non-citizens were 15% less likely than citizens to be arrested for property crimes; they were also less likely to be arrested for weapons offenses and drug offenses. Non-citizens were much less likely to test positive on NIDA-5 drugs than citizens. Non-citizens were, however, 50% more likely than citizens to be arrested for forgery/counterfeiting. It was concluded that public perceptions about the relationship of citizenship status to criminal behavior may be exaggerated and may not be borne out by empirical evidence. Limitations of the study are pointed out, including the fact that in the ADAM data, naturalized immigrants are lumped together with native born citizens.
Mitochondrial oxidation of cysteine.

Abstract The metabolism of [ 35 S]- and [ 14 C]cysteine by rat-liver mitochondria is described. Under certain conditions where cysteine is oxidized to cystine, sulfate production is inhibited and the inhibition is largely reversed by glutathione but not by other sulfhydryl compounds. Sulfate is the only metabolite from cysteine sulfur and pyruvate is probably the initial product of the carbon chain. An acetone-powder extract from the mitochondria is shown to have sulfate-producing activity.
Does endogeneity of the money supply disprove monetary effects on economic activity

Abstract The well-established covariation between money and business activity is traditionally explained by causal influences in both directions. But recent theories of “real business cycles” attribute the covariation entirely to the one-way influence of activity on an endogenous money supply. Although some statistical “causality tests” find an exogenous monetary effect, it appears to be quite small. A different kind of test is presented here that distinguishes the endogenous (inside) and exogenous (outside) components of money, and finds their effects to be roughly equal. Both components of money appear to act in the traditional way as a combined unit in affecting activity.
Acoustically Levitated Nanofluid Droplet Vaporization

The presence of nanometer size particles within an evaporating water droplet, affects the heat transfer and temperature distribution within the droplet. Levitating the droplet acoustically allows the study of this phenomenon without the heat transfer interference that occurs with the use of other techniques, such as capillary suspension [1]. In addition to the heat transfer effects, the remaining particle after the water in the droplet is completely evaporated, agglomerate together to form bowl shaped and ring shaped structures. The suspended droplet was heated using a Carbon Dioxide Laser. The process has been imaged in-situ with an Infrared (IR) camera, registering the temperature profile around the droplet surface. A high speed camera simultaneously captured the formation of nanoparticle structures. The experiments were conducted for a range of 0.1% to 5% nanosilica volume concentration solutions. Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed on the remaining structures to observe the inner portion and the outer surface of the formed structures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Career maturity in grade 9: The relationship between accuracy of self-appraisal and ability to appraise the career-relevant capabilities of others

Abstract This study used a ninth-grade sample of public school students to test the proposition that “individuals who can accurately appraise the career-relevant capabilities of others are good self-appraisers” (J. O. Crites 1978 Theory and research handbook for the career maturity inventory , p. 26). The Self-Appraisal scale of the Career Maturity Inventory Competence Test, the Accuracy of Self-Appraisal scale, and the Differential Aptitude Tests were administered to a heterogeneous sample of 365 ninth-grade public high school students. The Pearson correlations between the Self-Appraisal scale and the Accuracy of Self-Appraisal scale were found to be insignificant and near zero. The data do not support the proposition that individuals who can accurately appraise the career-relevant capabilities of others are good self-appraisers. These results suggest that one can predict nothing about ninth-grade students' accuracy of self-appraisal from their scores on measures of ability to appraise others. Significant race and sex differences were found in ability to appraise others, but not in ability to accurately appraise oneself. Scholastic aptitude accounts for four times as much variance in ability to appraise others as it does in ability to appraise oneself. Students significantly overestimated all of their aptitude scores.
Recent advances in the modification of establishing operations to reduce aberrant behavior

University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USAThe term establishing operation (EO) refers to an event that alters the reinforcement e•ects of aparticular stimulus. Although EOs have received more attention in the basic, non-humanliterature, reports of EO manipulations in the treatment of aberrant behavior are increasinglyappearing. We discuss EO interventions for behaviors maintained by social positive reinforcement(e.g., noncontingent reinforcement), social negative reinforcement (e.g., noncontingent escape,curricular revision, demand fading), and automatic reinforcement (e.g., environmental enrich-ment, noncontingent stimulation, reduced aversive stimulation). Suggestions for future researchconcerning both speciﬁc EO interventions and the general manipulation of EOs as a behavior-change technique are provided. #1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Behav. Intervent., Vol. 13, 43–59 (1998)
Depression, Sociocultural Factors, and African American Women

The authors discuss depression in African American women from a sociocultural perspective, including aspects of oppression and racism that affect symptom manifestation. The authors highlight John Henryism as a coping mechanism, the history and continuing role of the African American church as a safe haven, and strategies for culturally competent practice. Los autores discuten la depresion en mujeres Afroamericanas desde una perspectiva sociocultural, incluyendo los aspectos de opresion y racismo que afectan a la manifestacion de los sintomas. Los autores destacan el John Henry-ismo como mecanismo de afrontamiento, la historia y el papel constante de la iglesia Afroamericana como refugio seguro, y las estrategias para una practica culturalmente competente.
The ethmoid sinuses: a re-evaluation of surgical resection.

Summary The combined intracranial transfacial approach to the ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses has been satisfactory in performing en bloc resection of cancer arising in or involving these anatomic areas. Fifty-four patients have been treated with this procedure, using the combined expertise of the neurosurgeon and the surgeon interested in the head and neck area. Two postoperative deaths have occurred, both attributed to meningitis. The long range postoperative morbidity is negligible, except as it relates to loss of the palate in all but eight patients and the orbital contents in thirty patients. The cumulative five year survival in this series of patients, forty-two of whom had failure of previous treatment, is 56 per cent. If the procedure is carried out with rigid attention to good surgical technic and the principles of en bloc tumor removal, this combined procedure has the following advantages: (1) allows accurate evaluation of the intracranial tumor extension, (2) protects the brain, (3) avoids cerebrospinal fistulization, (4) provides adequate hemostasis, (5) facilitates en bloc tumor resection, and (6) selectively conserves the orbital contents.
The Information Gap

While the “achievement gap” generally and appropriately focuses upon gaps in test scores and other outcome measures, there may also be an “information gap” between higher and lower income parents that creates a disadvantage for lower income families in choosing good schools. In this article, we examine the extent to which there is such a gap, with a focus on data from a new survey of low- and moderate-income parents who have made school choices. We find that, at least in relatively mature school choice environments like Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Washington, DC, most low- and moderate-income parents report being quite well informed and they engage in a variety of different activities to become informed. Thus, the information gap between lower and higher income parents may not be as large as scholars and policymakers had assumed. We do find that parents at the very lowest end of the income spectrum, especially those earning less than $10,000 per year, do feel less well-informed and gather less information, but even here the differences are not enormous, relative to higher income parents.
Saturated vapor properties and scaling in the lattice gas model

A study of the lattice gas (Ising) model shows the properties of saturated vapor in coexistence with a liquid to be independent of the system's fixed mean density ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{fixed}}$, in keeping with standard thermodynamics. This behavior ensures that Fisher scaling plots are unique, independent of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{fixed}}$, and yield a unique characterization of the liquid\char21{}vapor phase diagram. The resulting phase diagram and critical parameters for the square lattice gas model are shown to agree with accepted values to within a few percent throughout the coexistence region.
Fusarium tricinctum T-2 Toxin Inhibits Auxin-promoted Elongation in Soybean Hypocotyl

T-2 toxin, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium tricinctum, inhibited elongation of excised hypocotyl sections of Glycine max var. Hawkeye 63. Auxin-promoted elongation was inhibited more severely than was control elongation, and a 1 hour preincubation of 5 μm toxin prevented the induction of a faster rate of elongation by auxin. While the inhibition of elongation by cytokinin was similar to that of the toxin, the mode of action of the two compounds appeared to be different, i.e. their effects on elongation were additive, and only kinetin promoted radial enlargement. Toxin treatment did not diminish cytokinin-induced radial enlargement. The properties of the plasma membrane, as measured by electrolyte leakage, were not affected by the toxin.
Ultrasonic Flexural Torsional Guided Wave Focusing in Pipe

Ultrasonic flexural torsional guided wave properties, including the excitation and propagation have been studied recently. Natural focusing is one of the major characteristics exhibited by partial loading excitation. With the aid of phased array transducer we propose a wave focusing method to enhance the signal to noise ratio and defect resolution in pipe inspection. With time delays and amplitudes applied to different elements constructive wave interference at specific point can be achieved in order to focus wave energy. Focusing effect is examined by angular profile, which is the circumferential displacement distribution.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Central role of solar information flow in pregenetic evolution

Abstract The accumulation of biospheric information during pregenetic evolution requires the presence of mechanisms linking the evolving structures to the biospheric information input. It is possible to visualize such accumulation of information within functional, non-reproducing structures through evolutionary mechanisms linking their information-related function to the probability of their disruption. Non-functional, self-reproducing structures cannot evolve and accumulate biospheric information, since they have no access to the biospheric information input. During pregenetic evolution biospheric information may have thus accumulated within functional, non-reproducing polypeptides rather than within non-functional, selfreproducing polynucleotides.
Customized Bit Error Rate (cBERT) Tester for Characterizing Frequent Fade Communications Channels

Posited, a custom BERT (cBERT) that provides stats for faded channels. The cBERT has BER and histogram statistics to measure error distributions, thru-put, and packet error rates for network protocol design. Results of a 10Gb FSO test covered.
Tomographic storage scheme for three-dimensional implementation of database operations

We present a storage scheme suitable for relational database operations such as projection, selection, join, and sorting. Relational database storage can be accomplished using optical memories such as two-photon 3D storage, volume holographic storage, spectral hole-burning memories, etc. Optoelectronic smart pixel arrays are used for data processing. The principles of the tomographic storage scheme and database operation algorithms are presented.
PS1-15: Illustrating Changes in Cancer Variable Composition Over Time: Developing Documentation for Cancer Researchers

Background/Aims Cancer researchers often use variables that evolve over time due to changes in national standards, such as AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) staging or Collaborative Staging versions. The evolution of these standards impacts the construction of composite variables such as Stage AJCC in the VDW, and Extent of Disease in the local Group Health data environment. Knowledge of how cancer data registry items evolve over time and how they map into composite variables will aid researchers and programmers design cancer research studies and maintain cancer data infrastructure.
Genetic association between nest building and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in female house mice.

Mice selectively bred for either high or low levels of thermoregulatory nest building were cold-acclimated (5°C) for 3 weeks without nesting material; then body weight and food intake were measured. The mice selected for low nest building (Lows) of both sexes showed lower feed efficiencies than the high nest-building mice (Highs), although their body weights were not significantly different (Table 1). This adds to a large body of evidence which suggests that nest building and feed efficiency were influenced by a common mechanism (Lacy et al. 1978; Sulzbach and Lynch 1984; Lunch et al. 1981; Lynch and Roberts 1984). Brown adipose tissue mitochondrial GDP binding and cytochrome c oxidase activity were measured in the above mice. In females, the Lows had 100% higher levels of total GDP binding than the Highs, while no difference between the lines was seen in males (Fig. 2). Thus in the High females, lower energy expenditure through brown fat thermogenesis may account for their greater feed efficiency. In males, the genetic differences in feed efficiency must be due to differences in either thermogenesis in tissues other than brown fat, or mechanisms which reduce heat loss.
Students’ Perspectives of a Science Enrichment Programme: Out‐of‐school inquiry as access

Science enrichment programmes housed outside traditional school settings can offer students from traditionally under‐resourced schools valuable opportunities to access authentic scientific tools and practices. The present study contributes to our understanding of this potential and how it can best be realised through an analysis of the students’ own perspectives on a specific out‐of‐school programme—a one‐year partnership with a university‐based science outreach programme, which culminated in a half‐day laboratory experience for a total of 292 secondary students (ages 11–18 years). Extensive data were collected on this experience, including detailed field notes and video recordings of the classes’ visits to the university as well as the planning meetings with teachers at the beginning and end of the school year, surveys of the participating students, and surveys and interviews of the teachers, and were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively using a grounded theory approach. Building on the valuabl...
Rennet Test for the Detection of Mastitis

Summary A new test with fresh commercial fluid rennet for the detection of mastitis is described. It is believed that this method of testing, because of its simplicity and cheapness, may have practical use. Comparisons of the results secured by the rennet method with those secured by other methods are presented.
Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA

Protoptilinae Ross, 1956, is the most diverse subfamily belonging to the saddle- or tortoise-case-making caddisfly family Glossosomatidae Wallengren, 1891. The subfamily has a disjunct distribution: 5 genera are known from the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions; the remaining 13 are restricted to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Monophyly of Protoptilinae and each of 17 genera was tested using 80 taxa, 99 morphological characters, and mitochondrial DNA (COI). Additionally, homologies of morphological characters were assessed across genera and a standardized terminology for those structures was established. Mitochondrial DNA data were unavailable for 55 of the 80 taxa included in this study. To test the effects of the missing molecular data, 5 different datasets were analyzed using both parsimony and Bayesian methods. There was incongruence between the COI and morphological data, but results suggest the inclusion of COI data in a combined analysis, although incomplete, improved the overall phylogenetic signal. Bayesian and parsimony analyses of all 5 datasets strongly supported the monophyly of Protoptilinae. Monophyly of the following genera was also supported: Canoptila Mosely, 1939; Culoptila Mosely, 1954; Itauara Muller, 1888; Mastigoptila Flint, 1967; Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906; Protoptila Banks, 1904; and Tolhuaca Schmid, 1964. Several taxonomic changes were necessary for classification to reflect phylogeny accurately. Accordingly, Matrioptila Ross, 1938; Poeciloptila Schmid, 1991; Temburongpsyche Malicky, 1992; and Nepaloptila Kimmins, 1964, are designated new junior synonyms of Padunia Martynov, 1910. Additionally, the endemic Caribbean genera Campsiophora Flint, 1964, and Cubanoptila Sykora, 1973, are designated new junior synonyms of Cariboptila Flint, 1964. Diagnoses and a key to the subfamilies of Glossosomatidae and world genera of Protoptilinae incorporating these taxonomic changes are provided.
Predicting Pol II Promoter Sequences using Transcription Factor Binding Sites

A computer program, PROMOTER SCAN, has been developed to recognize a high percentage of Pol II promoter sequences while allowing only a small rate of false positives. A total of 167 primate Pol II promoter sequences, obtained from the Eukaryotic Promoter Database, and 999 primate non-promoter sequences, obtained from the GenBank sequence databank, were used in the analysis. Both promoter and non-promoter sequences were analyzed for the comparative density of each unique mammalian transcription factor binding site listed in the Ghosh Transcription Factor Database. The density of each of these binding sites was then used to derive a ratio of density of each transcriptional element in promoter compared to non-promoter sequences. The combined individual density ratios of all binding sites were then collectively used to build a scoring profile called the Promoter Recognition Profile. This profile, used in combination with a weighted matrix for scoring a TATA box, was then used by the PROMOTER SCAN program to test the prediction of promoter sequences and the ability of the computer program to discriminate them from non-promoter sequences. When the promoter cutoff score was set so that 70% of promoters were recognized correctly by the program, a false positive rate of about 1/5600 bases was observed in the non-promoter sequence set. PROMOTER SCAN is now being developed for public distribution.
Fairness in hierarchical and entrepreneurial firms

Discussions of fairness in the workplace are built on assumptions about the organization of work and about fairness. Writers on business ethics have not appreciated that work is often organized differently in different stages of the life cycle of a firm. In this paper it is argued that the conceptions of fairness applied to a mature firm are often not applicable to a fledgling one. In a mature firm authority and responsibility are typically delegated and divided into specific jobs with relatively rigid boundaries. Thus, it has been argued that fairness in hiring requires specific job descriptions, fairness in remuneration requires standardized and graded salaries, and fairness in due process requires peer review. However, in the formative stages of a corporation, there may be very little differentiation or specialization. There is a continual re-definition of individual tasks through interaction with others as knowledge about products, production, and consumer demand are acquired by trial and error in the marketplace. Fairness takes a different form in this firm. The principle that similar people are to be treated similarly and different people differently can be operationalized in two ways. The mature firm typically focuses on differences; a fledgling, entrepreneurial one on similarities. How some of the issues of fairness in hiring, pay, and due process need to be reformulated once they are placed within the context of an entrepreneurial firm with its emphasis on similarity are then discussed.
Inflation and US music mechanicals, 1976–2010

Recorded music is a commodity bundled with a number of intellectual property rights. This paper illustrates the conflict over the value of one of the most important rights of music, the so-called mechanical rate that the record labels pay to songwriters and their publishers for the reproduction, in a recorded medium, of their work. There has been a serious devaluation of the US mechanical rate against inflation since the Copyright Act of 1976. As Congress and the CARP Tribunal are ultimately involved in setting terms, the implication is that songwriters and their publishers are losing power in the USA against the record labels. For a variety of reasons, the phenomenon seems to be particular to the USA. It has also gone unnoticed in the current music business literature. Scholars who succeed in clarifying musicians’ legal rights should also consider basic economics as a useful analytical tool.
Bose–Fermi Kondo model with Ising anisotropy: Cluster-Monte Carlo approach

Abstract The Bose–Fermi Kondo model (BFKM) captures the physics of the destruction of Kondo screening, which is of extensive current interest to the understanding of quantum critical heavy fermion metals. There are presently limited theoretical methods to study the finite temperature properties of the BFKM. Here we provide some of the consistency checks on the cluster-Monte Carlo method, which we have recently applied to the Ising-anisotropic BFKM. We show that the method correctly captures the scaling properties of the Kondo phase, as well as those on approach to the Kondo-destroying quantum critical point. We establish that comparable results are obtained when the Kondo couplings are placed at or away from a Toulouse point.
Delamination mechanism maps for a strong elastic coating on an elastic–plastic substrate subjected to contact loading

Abstract Hard wear resistant coatings that are subjected to contact loading sometimes fail because the coating delaminates from the substrate. In this report, systematic finite element computations are used to model coating delamination under contact loading. The coating and substrate are idealized as elastic and elastic–plastic solids, respectively. The interface between coating and substrate is represented using a cohesive zone law, which can be characterized by its strength and fracture toughness. The system is loaded by an axisymmetric, frictionless spherical indenter. We observe two failure modes: shear cracks may nucleate just outside the contact area if the indentation depth or load exceeds a critical value; in addition, tensile cracks may nucleate at the center of the contact when the indenter is subsequently removed from the surface. Delamination mechanism maps are constructed which show the critical indentation depth and force required to initiate both shear and tensile cracks, as functions of relevant material properties. The fictitious viscosity technique for avoiding convergence problems in finite element simulations of crack nucleation and growth on cohesive interfaces allows us to explore a wider parametric space that a conventional cohesive model cannot handle. Numerical results have also been compared to analytical analyses of asymptotic limits using plate bending and membrane stretching theories, thus providing guidelines for interpreting the simulation results.
Estimation of singularities for intercept point forecasting

In this paper, a recursive approach (an algorithm for estimation of singularity (AES)) is proposed to forecast the intercept point of a target and the pursuing interceptor recognized as the estimated singularity of a nodal cubic curve fitted to the data. The data comprises direction of arrival (DOA) estimates of both target and interceptor obtained at regular intervals of time using the maximum likelihood (ML) DOA estimation method. The estimates of coefficients of the cubic polynomial are given by a recursive least squares solution. From these coefficients, closed-form solutions for angle of interception and intercept time are obtained which are the forecasted coordinates of the intercept point. Experimental results demonstrate performance of the proposed algorithm.
Sinusitis in HIV-1 infection.

Abstract purpose: To determine the clinical and radiographic characteristics of sinusitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. patients and methods: A retrospective study was performed that identified all HIV-1-infected patients with sinus radiographs, sinus computed tomograms, or magnetic resonance imaging of the head between 1982 and 1989 (n = 145). Medical record review detailed the clinical course and laboratory parameters in all patients. results: Eighty-nine patients had radiographic evidence of sinusitis; 75 patients had adequate clinical data and comprise the study group. Acute sinusitis was seen in 10 patients (13%), while all 75 patients had mucosal thickening indicative of chronic sinusitis. Fifty patients (67%) were symptomatic with fever, nasal congestion or discharge, and headache being the most common symptoms; nineteen patients (25%) were asymptomatic when their radiographs showed active disease. The mean CD4 count for the group was 276 cells/mm 3 ; 32 (43%) had CD4 counts less than or equal to 100 cells/mm 3 . Twenty-three patients (31%) received antibiotics orally, parenterally, or both. conclusions: Sinusitis appears to occur frequently in HIV-infected patients, is often asymptomatic, may be recurrent or refractory, and may be associated with declining immunocompetence in HIV-infected patients.
The mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 attenuates context- and discrete cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking but not sucrose self-administration in rats.

We recently reported that systemic injections of the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268, which decreases evoked glutamate release, attenuate context- and discrete cue-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, but not heroin self-administration. Here, we report that systemic injections of LY379268 attenuate context- and discrete cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking, but not sucrose self-administration. These results suggest that similar neuronal mechanisms mediate cue-induced relapse to opiate- and palatable food seeking.
An Effect of Insulin on Production of Glucose during Hepatic Glycogenolysis

IN earlier work the effect of a prolonged intravenous infusion of insulin on the utilization and production of circulating glucose was investigated in the trained, unanaesthetized normal dog in the post-absorptive state with the aid of intravenously administered 14C-glucose1. The plasma glucose concentration and specific activity were determined at frequent intervals, and from these values were calculated the rates of production of hepatic 12C -glucose and total glucose-uptake by the tissues2. It was shown that insulin brought about a hypoglycaemia primarily by increasing the uptake of glucose by the tissues. The rate of production of hepatic 12C-glucose, although temporarily somewhat reduced soon after the insulin infusion was begun, usually rose during the course of the infusion to higher than normal levels, but not sufficiently to restore the plasma glucose concentration to its pre-insulin level. When the insulin infusion was stopped, there was a marked further increase in the production of hepatic 12C-glucose which restored the plasma glucose concentration to its control-level. From these findings it was concluded that, during the period of insulin infusion, the production of 12C-glucose was restrained in spite of severe hypoglycaemia1.
A finite element formulation for problems of large strain and large displacement

Abstract An incremental and piecewise linear finite element theory is developed for the large displacement, large strain regime with particular reference to elastic-plastic behavior in metals. The resulting equations, though more complex, are in a similar form to those previously developed for large displacement, small strain problems, the only additional term being an initial load stiffness matrix which is dependent on current loads. This similarity in form means that existing nonlinear general purpose programs may easily be extended to include finite strains. A large displacement, small strain formulation (as applicable to problems of structural stability) is obtained from this theory by assuming that changes in length of line elements and relative rotation of orthogonal line elements are negligible compared to unity. The simplified equations are in essential agreement with previous formulations in the literature. The only difference which is observed is the persistence of the initial load stiffness matrix, which may be significant in some cases.