cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Periodic Solutions of the Second Modified KdV Equation

Recently it has been shown that the superposition of solitons constitutes an exact periodic solution of many well known nonlinear evolution equations, including, for example, the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and the modified KdV equations. The same phenomenon is investigated for the second modified KdV equation.
A Framework for Performance-Based Engineering in Multi-Hazard Coastal Environments

The devastation inflicted on civil infrastructure by natural disasters has the potential to result in numerous deaths and huge economic losses. Natural hazards such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes have led to extreme property damage and the loss of many lives. While the occurrence of these hazards is beyond our control, novel structural engineering approaches to design and construction have the ability to reduce their consequences. Structures along the coast are particularly susceptible to a variety of natural hazards. Coastal construction practices, however, as they exist today, may not be sufficient to resist their extreme loads. Design and construction in a coastal environment must consider the effects of multiple hazards concurrently rather than focusing on each hazard in isolation. Multi-hazard engineering strategies can be incorporated into design to enhance the inherent resilience and improve the robustness of structures. Current design approaches also lack a probabilistic backbone that can be used to relate specific structural performances with different hazard intensities. Performance-based engineering (PBE) allows for a structure to be designed for specified levels of performance under particular hazard scenarios. Currently, arbitrary importance factors are integrated into design to account for uncertainties in hazards and their loads. In comparison, PBE uses direct analysis procedures to predict the performance of a building under hazard loads over the entire life of the structure. The probabilistic basis of PBE allows future changes in hazard frequencies and intensities due to global climate change to be taken into account. An integration of multi-hazard engineering with PBE promises to significantly improve structural reliability for a wide range of loading scenarios. A possible methodology for assessing response of structures in coastal environments vulnerable to winds, storm surge, tsunamis, and earthquakes is presented.
Ultrastructural effects of nerve growth factor on PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells in spinner culture

PC12 pheochromocytoma cells treated with nerve growth factor (NGF) for two weeks in spinner cultures quickly begin to form processes after plating on an appropriate substrate, while cells freshly exposed to NGF in monolayer culture initiate neurite outgrowth only after a lag period of several days. The present ultrastructural studies indicate that PC 12 cells treated with NGF in spinner cultures do not form neurites, but do form short extensions comparable to those which have been reported within the first two days of exposure to NGF in monolayer cultures. These extensions contain organelles believed to be required for locomotion and for transport of cytoskeletal and membrane components and neurotransmitters. They also form bulbous distensions in which numerous chromaffin-type granules accumulate. These findings suggest that NGF may affect cells in spinner cultures by promoting development or activation of axonal transport mechanisms, and that the existence of these mechanisms may contribute to the neurite outgrowth which the cells exhibit when plated. NGF-treated PC 12 cells in spinner cultures do not accumulate the agranular synaptic-like vesicles, which are typically found in comparably treated monolayer cultures and which have been hypothesized to be sites of acetylcholine storage. These and other data demonstrate that attachment to a substrate can selectively modulate the responses of PC 12 cells to NGF.
Histochemical identification of the glycocalyx layer in the bovine oviduct and endometrium

Abstract The uterine cornuae, isthmuses, ampullae and infundibula of 23 virgin heifers were removed on different days of the estrous cycle, paraffin embedded, sectioned and stained using a battery of carbohydrate histochemical procedures. The histochemical reactivity of the luminal surface of the mucosal epithelium indicated the presence of an acidic glycoprotein containing sulfate, and sialic acid reactive groups. This acidic glycoprotein layer (i.e. glycocalyx) did not vary with either the stage of estrous cycle or the proximity of the developing follicle or corpus luteum.
Global Positioning System: Signals, Measurements, and Performance

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation and time transfer system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense. It serves marine, airborne, and terrestrial users, both military and civilian. Specifically, GPS includes the Standard Positioning Service (SPS) which provides civilian users with 100 meter accuracy, and it serves military users with the Precise Positioning Service (PPS) which provides 20-m accuracy. Both of these services are available worldwide with no requirement for a local reference station. In contrast, differential operation of GPS provides 2- to 10-m accuracy to users within 1000 km of a fixed GPS reference receiver. Finally, carrier phase comparisons can be used to provide centimeter accuracy to users within 10 km and potentially within 100 km of a reference receiver. This advanced tutorial will describe the GPS signals, the various measurements made by the GPS receivers, and estimate the achievable accuracies. It will not dwell on those aspects of GPS which are well known to those skilled in the radio communications art, such as spread-spectrum or code division multiple access. Rather, it will focus on topics which are more unique to radio navigation or GPS. These include code-carrier divergence, codeless tracking, carrier aiding, and narrow correlator spacing.
Crowdsourcing for information retrieval: principles, methods, and applications

Crowdsourcing has emerged in recent years as a promising new avenue for leveraging today's digitally-connected, diverse, distributed workforce. Generally speaking, crowdsourcing describes outsourcing of tasks to a large group of people instead of assigning such tasks to an in-house employee or contractor. Crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk and CrowdFlower have gained particular attention as active online market places for reaching and tapping into this still largely under-utilized workforce. Crowdsourcing also offers intriguing new opportunities for accomplishing different kinds of tasks or achieving broader participation than previously possible, as well as completing standard tasks more accurately in less time and at lower cost. Unlocking the potential of crowdsourcing in practice, however, requires a tri-partite understanding of principles, platforms, and best practices. We will introduce the opportunities and challenges of crowdsourcing while discussing the three issues above. This will provide a basic foundation to begin crowdsourcing in the context of one's own particular tasks
Formation of complexes by N,N'-dimethyl-diketobenzodiazines in nonaqueous solutions.

A study has been made of the complexing behavior in carbon tetrachloride of three N,N′-dimethyl-diketobenodiazines with phenols. 1,3-Dimethylbenzoyleneurea in carbon tetrachloride forms insoluble complexes with hydroquinone and resorcinol, and a soluble comlex with phenol. Catechol, on the other hand, forms, at low concentrations, a solugle complex; and then an insoluble complex starts to form after the solubility limit of catechol is reached. 2,3-Diketo-1,4-dimethylquinoxaline in carbon tetrachloride has a tendency to form soluble complexes with resorcinol and favors formation of various complexes with catechol and phenol of the soluble and insoluble tyes. No complexing tendency was observed in the case of hydroquinone. Within the concentration limits of the phenols used, no complex formation was observed in the systems containing 2,3-dimethylphthalylhydrazide and catechol, resorcinol, or hydroquinone; phenol, however, formed a soluble complex.
Generalized McCormick relaxations

Convex and concave relaxations are used extensively in global optimization algorithms. Among the various techniques available for generating relaxations of a given function, McCormick's relaxations are attractive due to the recursive nature of their definition, which affords wide applicability and easy implementation computationally. Furthermore, these relaxations are typically stronger than those resulting from convexification or linearization procedures. This article leverages the recursive nature of McCormick's relaxations to define a generalized form which both affords a new framework within which to analyze the properties of McCormick's relaxations, and extends the applicability of McCormick's technique to challenging open problems in global optimization. Specifically, relaxations of the parametric solutions of ordinary differential equations are considered in detail, and prospects for relaxations of the parametric solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations are discussed. For the case of ODEs, a complete computational procedure for evaluating convex and concave relaxations of the parametric solutions is described. Through McCormick's composition rule, these relaxations may be used to construct relaxations for very general optimal control problems.
Relating MEG Measured Motor Cortical Oscillations to resting γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) Concentration

Abstract The human motor cortex exhibits characteristic beta (15–30 Hz) and gamma oscillations (60–90 Hz), typically observed in the context of transient finger movement tasks. The functional significance of these oscillations, such as post-movement beta rebound (PMBR) and movement-related gamma synchrony (MRGS) remains unclear. Considerable animal and human non-invasive studies, however, suggest that the networks supporting these motor cortex oscillations depend critically on the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Despite such speculation, a direct relation between MEG measured motor cortex oscillatory power and frequency with resting GABA concentrations has not been demonstrated. In the present study, motor cortical responses were measured from 9 healthy adults while they performed a cued button-press task using their right index finger. In each participant, PMBR and MRGS measures were obtained from time-frequency plots obtained from primary motor (MI) sources, localized using beamformer differential source localization. For each participant, complimentary magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) GABA measures aligned to the motor hand knob of the left central sulcus were also obtained. GABA concentration was estimated as the ratio of the motor cortex GABA integral to a cortical reference NAA resonance at 2 ppm. A significant linear relation was observed between MI GABA concentration and MRGS frequency (R 2 = 0.46, p 0.05), with no association observed between GABA concentration and MRGS power. Conversely, a significant linear relation was observed between MI GABA concentration and PMBR power (R 2 = 0.34, p 0.05), with no relation observed for GABA concentration and PMBR frequency. Finally, a significant negative linear relation between the participant's age and MI gamma frequency was observed, such that older participants had a lower gamma frequency (R 2 = 0.40, p 0.05). Present findings support a role for GABA in the generation and modulation of endogenous motor cortex rhythmic beta and gamma activity.
Separation of peptides on a polystyrene resin column.

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic column of porous spherical polystyrene—divinylbenzene copolymer (Hamilton PRP-1) was found to be useful for reversed-phase resolution of a wide range of peptides. Recoveries and resolution were comparable with those from more widely used alkyl silica-based columns. Tests involving more than 40 peptides, ranging from 2 to 34 residues, and 3 proteins, indicated wide applicability of this column. The retention times of peptides of known composition are predicted. The stability of the resin at high pH permits protocols of separation involving successive chromatograms at widely different pH values, and offers a second dimension to the resolving power of a single column.
The Nonlinear Response of a Polydisperse Polymer Solution to Step Strain Deformations

The rheological behavior of a concentrated solution of well-characterized, broad molecular weight distribution polystyrene in step strain flows is examined at large deformations. Mechanical and optical techniques are used to obtain the full stress tensor in terms of the shear stress, first normal stress difference, and second normal stress difference. Stress relaxation data on this novel system in single- and double-step strain flows over a wide range of shear strains are presented. Direct comparisons to data on a similar system having a narrow molecular weight distribution are made illustrating the effects of polydispersity on nonlinear rheological behavior. The new data set is also used to evaluate the reptation model and K-BKZ theory.
Noise and current-voltage characterization of complementary heterojunction field-effect transistor structures below 8 K

Noise and current-voltage characterization of complementary heterojunction field-effect transistor (CHFET) structures below 8 K are presented. It is shown that the CHFET exhibits normal transistor operation down to 6 K. Some of the details of the transistor operation, such as the gate-voltage dependence of the channel potential, are analyzed. The gate current is examined and is shown to be due to several mechanisms acting in parallel. These include field-emission and thermionic-field-emission, conduction through a temperature-activated resistance, and thermionic emission. The input referred noise for n-channel CHFETs is presented and discussed. The noise has the spectral dependence of 1/f noise, but does not exhibit the usual area dependence.
Parallel Architectures and Parallel Algorithms for Integrated Vision Systems

Computer vision has been regarded as one of the most complex and computationally intensive problems. An integrated vision system (IVS) is a system that uses vision algorithms from all levels of processing to perform for a high level application (e.g, object recognition). This thesis addresses several issues in parallel architectures and parallel algorithms for integrated vision systems. First, a model of computation for IVSs is presented. The model captures computational requirements, defines spatial and temporal data dependencies between tasks, and shows what types of interactions may occur between tasks from different levels of processing. The model is used to develop features and capabilities of a parallel architecture suitable for IVSs. A multiprocessor architecture for IVSs (called NETRA) is presented. NETRA is highly flexible without the use of complex interconnection schemes. NETRA is recursively defined hierarchical architecture whose leaf nodes consist of clusters processors connected with a programmable crossbar with a selective broadcast capability. Hence, it is easily scalable from small to large systems. Homogeneity of NETRA permits fault tolerance and graceful degradation under faults. Several refinements in the architecture over the original design are also proposed. Performance of several vision algorithms when they are mapped on one cluster is presented. It is shown that SIMD, MIMD and systolic algorithms can be easily mapped onto processor clusters, and almost linear speedups are possible. An extensive analysis of inter-cluster communication strategies in NETRA is presented. A methodology to evaluate performance of algorithms on NETRA is described. Performance analysis of parallel algorithms when mapped across clusters is presented. The parameters are derived from the characteristics of the parallel algorithms, which are then, used to evaluate the alternative communication strategies in NETRA. The effects of communication interference on the performance of algorithms are studied. It is observed that if communication speeds are matched with the computation speeds, almost linear speedups are possible when algorithms are mapped across clusters. Finally, several techniques to perform data decomposition, and static and dynamic load balancing for IVS algorithms are described. These techniques can be used to perform load balancing for intermediate and high level, data dependent vision algorithms. They are shown to perform well, using them on an implementation of a motion estimation system on a hypercube multiprocessor. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
The application of packed column gas chromatographic analysis to the determination oftrans unsaturation

A study of the separation of synthetic mixtures ofcis andtrans methyl octadecenoate with packed column gas chromatography indicated its usefulness for such analyses. Several margarines were analyzed by this method and the results compared with those obtained by the infrared spectroscopic method. Reasonable agreement between both methods was obtained, but the gas chromatographic determination yielded lower values (average 3.8%). The presence oftrans unsaturation was also shown in selected samples of human milk and blood lipids.
Medical Management of Osteoporosis When Bisphosphonates Fail

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, bone fragility and subsequent increased risk for fractures. Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drug for treatment of osteoporosis, and they have been shown to be effective in reducing risk of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures. Some patients, however, are not good candidates for bisphosphonate therapy, either due to comorbities such as renal insufficiency, or due to ongoing fractures despite therapy. In either case, multiple other agents can be used to treat osteoporosis. In this article we will review the FDA-approved therapies to treat osteoporosis other than bisphosphonates, and we will highlight the most recent clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of these various agents.
Optical tomographic imaging of tumor response to anti-angiogenic drugs in small animals

Using diffuse optical tomography we have imaged early vascular responses to anti-angiogenic treatments in a small animal tumor model. Images acquired from 1 to 7 days after drug administration show measurable changes in hemoglobin concentration. There are observable differences between mice treated with anti-angiogenic drugs and mice that receive a placebo treatment.
The real symmetry problem(s) for wide-scope accounts of rationality

You are irrational when you are akratic. On this point most agree. Despite this agreement, there is a tremendous amount of disagreement about what the correct explanation of this data is. Narrow-scopers think that the correct explanation is that you are violating a narrow-scope conditional requirement. You lack an intention to x that you are required to have given the fact that you believe you ought to x. Wide-scopers disagree. They think that a conditional you are required to make true is false. You aren’t required to have any particular attitudes. You’re just required to intend to x or not believe you ought to x. Wide-scope accounts are symmetrical insofar as they predict that you are complying with the relevant requirement just so long as the relevant conditional is true. Some narrow-scopers object to this symmetry. However, there is disagreement about why the symmetry is objectionable. This has led wide-scopers to defend their view against a number of different symmetry objections. I think their defenses in the face of these objections are, on the whole, plausible. Unfortunately for them, they aren’t defending their view against the best version of the objection. In this paper I will show that there is a symmetry objection to wide-scope accounts that both hasn’t been responded to and is a serious problem for wide-scope accounts. Moreover, my version of the objection will allow us to see that there is at least one narrow-scope view that has been seriously underappreciated in the literature.
119Sn and 121Sb Mössbauer effect study of ternary nickel borides and heusler alloys

Abstract 119Sn and 121Sb Mossbauer spectra of the cubic compounds NiCu2Sn and Ni2CuSb with the cubic MnCu2Al structure, and Ni21Sn2B6 and Ni21Sb2B6 with the cubic Cr21W2C6 structure were investigated. The spectrum of NiCu2Sn shows quadrupole splitting, suggesting local non-cubic symmetry around the tin atom. The line widths of the boride spectra are narrow, and this led to the preparation of a Mossbauer source with Ni21Sn2B6 which was used to study the tin compounds reported here. The isomer shifts of the compounds fit the atomic ratio dependence found for other alloys of nickel with tin and antimony. All isomer shifts are near a 5s1 state when calibrated against ionic configurations and α-Sn or InSb. The results are discussed on the basis of an electron transfer model.
MEK Is a Key Modulator for TLR5-induced Interleukin-8 and MIP3α Gene Expression in Non-transformed Human Colonic Epithelial Cells

Flagellin, a specific ligand for Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), is a molecular pattern associated with several bacterial species. Recently, TLR signaling has been intensively studied. However, TLR5-associated signaling in non-transformed colonocytes has not been investigated. Here we studied the expression of cytokines induced by flagellin in non-transformed human colonic NCM460 cells and the signaling mechanisms mediating these responses. Cytokine expression array experiments showed that exposure of the cells to flagellin (100 ng/ml) for 12 h increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 and macrophage-inflammatory protein 3α (MIP3α) in a TLR5-specific manner. Flagellin also activated MAP kinases (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38) and degraded IκBα. Dominant negative MEK1 (a kinase that activates ERK1/2) blocked flagellin-stimulated IL-8 and MIP3α transcriptional activity, while the MEK-specific inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 reduced protein production of these cytokines. Conversely, transfection with a constitutively active MEK1 increased IL-8 and MIP3α transcriptional activity in a NFκB-independent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of the constitutively active MEK1 induced IL-8 and MIP3α protein production. We also demonstrated that C-terminal coiled-coil and TRAF-C domains of TRAF6, unable to mediate NFκB activation, are involved in MEK-mediated IL-8 and MIP3α expression. Thus, in non-transformed human colonocytes, MEK activation following flagellin/TLR5 engagement is a key modulator for NFκB-independent, IL-8 and MIP3α expression.
Feature extraction of knee X-rays

A feature extraction algorithm has been successfully applied to knee x-rays. The four main features of the algorithm are: (1) A description of the picture class guides the feature extraction; (2) The search for objects is global to local; (3) A region enumeration technique finds regions of contiguous points with similar gray shades; and (4) A 'field of vision' concept aids in classifying all the points in a given area of the picture.
Triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease

Triglycerides (TGs) are now considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). When TGs are elevated, lipoprotein metabolism is altered, which increases CVD risk. Patients with elevated TGs and low high-density lipoprotein are at particularly high risk of CVD. TGs are often associated with other CVD risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol, lifestyle factors, and changes in lipoprotein size and density. Elevated TGs remain an independent risk even when controlling for the other factors and are a greater risk for women than men. Treatment of elevated TGs in clinical trials has been shown to reduce CVD events, cardiac deaths, and total mortality.
Characterization of collagen by high-frequency ultrasound: Evidence for different acoustic properties based on collagen fiber morphologic characteristics

Abstract Fibrous tissue on conventional ultrasound images appears as an echo-bright area. We have observed that on high-frequency ultrasonography images of thin sections of myocardium, fibrous tissue may appear as either a dark or light area. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that echo characteristics of fibrous tissue on high-frequency ultrasonography are determined by collagen fiber morphologic characteristics. We examined 16 tissue specimens from human beings and rats containing different forms of fibrosis. The specimens were sectioned at 5 μm, placed on a glass slide, and imaged with a 600 MHz transducer. On ultrasound images, collagen appeared either as a dark amorphous area or a light area that had a fibrillar pattern. The same specimens were then stained with picrosirius red and examined with polarized light. When viewed with polarized light microscopy, thick collagen fibers appear red or orange and thin fibers appear green or yellow. Polarized light microscopy revealed that dark areas on ultrasound images corresponded to thick collagen fibers that were predominantly longitudinally sectioned. In contrast, light areas corresponded to regions of thin, loosely packed fibers, or to thick collagen fibers that were obliquely sectioned. Collagen has different appearances on high-frequency ultrasound images depending on collagen fiber morphologic characteristics. If such variation in echo intensity also occurs with lower frequency transducers used in clinical echocardiography, the differentiation between normal myocardium and immature scar may be difficult. (Am Heart J 1997;133:364-8.)
Methylphenidate-enhanced antidepressant response to citalopram in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

Objective The authors evaluated the potential of methylphenidate to accelerate and enhance antidepressant response to citalopram in elderly depressed patients. Methods Sixteen outpatients with major depression were treated in a 10-week double-blind trial. Response was defined as a score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (24-item) of less than 10. Results An accelerated response was observed by week 3 in five subjects receiving citalopram (CIT) + methylphenidate (MPH) and in none of those receiving CIT + placebo (PBO). Subjects receiving citalopram and methylphenidate showed a significant improvement in depressive symptoms compared with those on citalopram and placebo. Conclusion Combined treatment with citalopram and methylphenidate appears to be a viable strategy for accelerating and enhancing antidepressant response in elderly depressed patients limited by tolerability and safety.
The role of family-centered therapy when used with physical or occupational therapy in children with congenital or acquired disorders

AbstractBackground: There has been inconclusive evidence to support the effectiveness of neurodevelopment treatment for long-term functional outcomes for children with cerebral palsy, which has led many current therapists to investigate other ways to approach therapy for this population.Objective: To review the literature to identify the effect of family-centered therapy (FCT) on family satisfaction and functional outcomes in children with congenital or acquired disorders when used with physical or occupational therapy.Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed for this review. Electronic and hand searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Premier, SPORTDiscus, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. To be considered for review, the study required: (1) participants between the ages of 18 months through 12 years receiving physical or occupational therapy; (2) use of outcome assessment tools; a...
A preoperative smoking intervention decreased postoperative complications in elective knee or hip replacement.

Source Citation Moller AM, Villebro N, Pedersen T, Tonnesen H. Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2002 Jan 12;359:114-7...
Ovarian cancer: incidence and case-control study.

Records of all Rochester Minnesota residents with a diganosis of ovarian cancer from 1935 through 1974 were reviewed. These included records at the Mayo Clinic and at other medical facilities serving the local population. For the incidence study a total of 151 cases met the residential diagnostic and pathologic criteria. Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer occurring in Rochester from 1945 to 1974 were examined in 116 patients and 464 controls. The relative risks of ovarian cancer associated with various risk factors were estimated by the matched quintuplets method of Miettinen when the value of the factor was known for all patients and controls. Among the 116 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 464 controls nulliparity was the only significant risk factors - relative risk 1.8. Other suspected risk factors - hypertension obesity age at menopause prior therapeutic pelvic radiation and prior exogenous estrogen - did not differ significantly between patients and controls. The ovarian cancer patients were found to have a significantly lower frequency of prior hysterectomy and of unilateral oophorectomy than the control group. The data reveal that hysterectomy even when one or both ovaries are preserved is associated with a lower risk of subsequent ovarian cancer. The incidence rates of ovarian cancer in Rochester were found to be higher than those reported from Connecticut and from other parts of the world with high rates of ovarian cancer. For the last three decades there has been a slight decline in the incidence of ovarian cancer in Rochester. Both of these pheonomena may be due to the high proportion of Rochester women particularly in the earlier decades of the study who were nulliparous.
Model for phonon-assisted indirect recombination at impurity sites in semiconductors: A test of impurity wave-function theories

A new method for studying the wave functions associated with defect levels is presented. The method is based on a model that includes the role of intrinsic lattice phonons in indirect electron-hole recombination at impurity sites in semiconductors; the model contains information about the impurity-phonon matrix elements and the intrinsic phonon dispersion relations as well. In particular, it can be used in conjunction with experimental data as a test of the accuracy of impurity wave-function models. As an illustration, an application to the acoustic-phonon sidebands in the low-temperature luminescence spectrum of the N-bound excition in GaP is described wherein the method is used to test the Koster-Slater one-band one-site approximation for the electron wave function.
Risk-informed assessment of regional preparedness: A case study of emergency potable water for hurricane response in Southeast Virginia

Abstract Decisionmakers need to understand the degree to which information-based decision processes affect the capabilities of a region to absorb the impact of a disaster and to respond and recover within an acceptable envelope of time and cost. This paper explores the modeling of a region as a system that has imperfect information about itself and an imperfect ability to discern its future infrastructure conditions. The paper illustrates this system-modeling paradigm with a data-based example of how emergency potable water was supplied as part of hurricane response in Southeastern Virginia. In this example, results indicate that prepositioning potable water supplies can result in savings in excess of one million dollars per forecast and can affect as much as one-third of the regional population. Moreover, the capacity of the region to respond to imperfect information and to reduce risk of both response costs and persons impacted can be achieved through strategic preparedness methods that change the decision-processing capability of the region. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of information and information processes in evaluating regional risk and capability and to emphasize the need for simultaneous evaluation of response and preparedness.
The Continuing Domination of the Four-Year Teacher Education Program: A National Survey.

The A. called for a more integrated liberal education, one of the primary reasons most proposals recommend extended programs. The findings in this study show that diversity continues to be the defining characteristic of teacher education programs. The time at which a student enrolls, the number of years required to meet standards for initial certification, and the degre awarded at the time of completion vary widely from one institution to another. The factors affecting program decisions are complex and often misunderstood.
Measures of job perceptions: gender and age of current incumbents, suitability, and job attributes

Two ways of examining the gender and age stereotypes of jobs, characteristics of current incumbents and potential suitability, were compared. Female (n = 70) and male (n = 66) college students, predominantly Caucasian ranging in age from 18 to 57 years, provided their gender and age perceptions for 58 jobs. Although the two concepts have not been clearly distinguished in the literature, they are conceptually and (as found here) empirically distinct. The important roles of current incumbents, suitability, and job attribute perceptions for discrimination research are presented.
A ‘clam-ring’ master-chronology constructed from a short-lived bivalve mollusc from the northern Gulf of California, USA

Age-detrended and standardized annual growth increment width time series of 67 live-collected intertidal bivalve molluscs of the species Chione cortezi , C. e uctifraga and C. californiensis from the northern Gulf of California were strung together to form a master-chronology that covers the period from ad 1982 to 1999. A high positive correlation was found between standardized annual growth rates and summer sea-surface temperatures and river-e ow volume in the period 1988- 99; and 63- 76 % of the variation in mean relative annual growth rates of Chione spp. is explained by temperature and river e ow. Seven dead-collected specimens were cross-dated with the master-chronology permitting the reconstruction of the year of hatching and death for these shells. The incorporation of dead-collected specimens in the master-chronology improved the corre- lation statistics slightly. Species-related growth differences were not signie cant, but geographic differences in growth rates occur: individuals at the Colorado River mouth grew more slowly when large amounts of fresh water reached the Gulf. This study demonstrates that even short-lived molluscs (average 6- 10 years old) can be used to build a master-chronology of environmental and climatic history.
On the Occurrence of Translocations and Autosomal Non-Disjunction in Drosophila melanogaster.

1. No translocations between chromosomes I, II and III of Drosophila melanogaster were found in more than 900 eggs from triploid females and the equal number of spermatozoa from diploid males. 2. Non-disjunction of the autosomes in males, resulting in spermatozoa with two or none of a special pair of autosomes was frequent. 3. Triploid females frequently produced eggs which did not receive any of the chromosomes II or III.
Infra-Through Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Acoustic Vector Sensor Particle Rejection System

Sensor elements which employ fine filaments are often vulnerable to particulate fouling when used in certain operational field conditions. Depending on the size, attraction level, thermal and electrical conduction, and charge accumulation properties of the particles, erroneous readings can be easily generated in such “dirty” environments. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of an ultrasonic system which dynamically rejects highly tenacious electrostatically charged particles of a wide variety of sizes and even water. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the field of acoustic vector sensing, outlining its outstanding characteristics and history. Operational challenges including a statistical analysis of typical Middle-Eastern wind-blown desert sand and charge density are laid out. Several representative subscale hot-wire filaments were fouled with calibrated dust representing desert sand. The fouled elements were then exposed to airflows of 13 ft/s (4 m/s) and showed highly erratic shifted conduction levels with respect to baseline (clean) levels. An ultrasonic cleaning system was designed specifically resonate the filament and cantilever so as to mechanically reject foulants. When operated at resonance, the ultrasonic cleaning system showed 98.6% particulate rejection levels and associated restoration of uncorrupted filament resistance levels to within 2% of baseline resistance measurements.
The popliteal node assay for graft-versus-host interaction in mice. I. Location and proliferation of donor and host cells within the popliteal node.

A parental (CBAT6T6) lymph node cell suspension was injected into the hind footpad of F1 (CBA × C57BLKs) recipients. The resulting increase in the recipient's popliteal lymph node weight was linearly related on double log plots to the number of parental lymph node cells injected. The node weight response was biphasic including an initial rise, a maximum weight gain at seven to nine days and a gradual decline to normal weight. When the long-lived small lymphocyte population of the donor was labeled with 3H-thymidine, the location, morphology and mitotic activity of labeled cells was followed by radioautography. These cells were most frequently observed in the mid- and deep cortex and the medullary cords of the host node. Very few labeled blast cells were observed in sections or smears and radioautographs of chromosome spreads confirmed the infrequency of donor long-lived small lymphocyte transformation and proliferation. Of the proliferating cells in the host node at the peak of the response, 60–85% were of host origin. These observations and others are discussed, and it is proposed that the host short-lived small lymphocyte accounts for the majority of mitotic cells in the node at the peak of the response.
Treatment of Low-Energy Geriatric Acetabular Fractures With Protrusio

The intrapelvic approach is ideally suited for selected geriatric acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement. Infrapectineal plating is biomechanically advantageous to buttress the fractured quadrilateral surface. As a technical tip, plate fixation posteriorly into the sciatic buttress is reliable. However, anterior fixation is inconsistent. Usage of locking screws or cabling technique is preferable.
Covariance propagation and updating in the context of real-time radar data assimilation by quantitative precipitation forecast models

The objective of the research work documented herein is the development of a methodology for the assimilation of weather radar data of vertically integrated liquid water content and surface rainfall into spatially distributed models for precipitation forecasting. State estimators may be used for this purpose, as they are superior to conventional assimilation methods because they account for both model error uncertainty and observation error uncertainty, and they provide uncertainty measures for real-time model forecasts. The primary deterrent for using such methodologies in real-time precipitation forecasting with spatially distributed models is the heavy computational requirements that state estimators impose for propagation (prediction) and updating of the state covariance matrix in real time. The present work formulates propagation and updating equations only for the non-zero elements of the covariance matrix, under mild assumptions on precipitation model numerical form, and under the assumption of spatially uncorrelated observation errors at the scale of discretization of the precipitation model equations. The algorithm is provided in a recursive form. Study of a simple example of application for a two grid-column domain suggests that the formulated estimator may have a strong competitor in the formulation that treats each grid-column of the model domain independently for propagation and updating of the local model state variance. Inter-comparison studies with actual data should be undertaken to clarify this point for particular field situations.
Parafoveal identification asymmetry in a lateral masking effect.

Summary The degree to which the identification of a parafoveally presented letter target was impaired by being flanked by a foveal or peripheral nontarget at a target-mask interval of zero, 75, or 150 msec, was examined. Peripheral placement of the nontarget was more disruptive than foveal placement, and this asymmetry was significantly more pronounced at a 75-msec interval than at either of the other two. This finding is consonant with explanations of the asymmetry based on target visibility rather than on criterion or response factors.
Gravidic macromastia: Case report

Gravidic macromastia is a rare condition. Breast enlargement in pregnancy is influenced by several hormones, including ovarian steroids and somatotropic or lactogenic polypeptide hormone. Evaluation showed minimal reactive stromal and periductal fibrosis. The treatment is surgical.
Convergence Rate and Stability of Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling Schemes with a Zero-Dimensional Climate Model

Abstract A zero-dimensional climate model is considered with three thermal reservoirs, i.e., the atmosphere, the surface mixed layer and the intermediate water of the ocean. Realistic values are adopted for the rates of heat transfer between those reservoirs. If heat is added suddenly to the atmosphere, the atmospheric temperature increases a small amount in a few days. Thereafter, the atmosphere and mixed layer increase in temperature. About one-half the mixed-layer response occurs on a time scale of two years and the rest on a time scale of about 100 years. Numerical solution of atmosphere-ocean general circulation models may require asynchronous coupling strategies to link the two models. A semi-implicit approach is considered which generalizes previously suggested schemes. Its convergence and stability are examined by application to the zero-dimensional climate model. It may be unstable if it is made too explicit. On the other hand, the fully implicit approach greatly slows down the response of the mi...
Hand motion gestural oscillations and multimodal discourse

To develop multimodal interfaces, one needs to understand the constraints underlying human communicative gesticulation and the kinds of features one may compute based on these underlying human characteristics.In this paper we address hand motion oscillatory gesture detection in natural speech and conversation. First, the hand motion trajectory signals are extracted from video. Second, a wavelet analysis based approach is presented to process the signals. In this approach, wavelet ridges are extracted from the responses of wavelet analysis for the hand motion trajectory signals, which can be used to characterize frequency properties of the hand motion signals. The hand motion oscillatory gestures can be extracted from these frequency properties. Finally, we relate the hand motion oscillatory gestures to the phases of speech and multimodal discourse analysis.We demonstrate the efficacy of the system on a real discourse dataset in which a subject described her action plan to an interlocutor. We extracted the oscillatory gestures from the x, y and z motion traces of both hands. We further demonstrate the power of gestural oscillation detection as a key to unlock the structure of the underlying discourse.
Routine fluorescence microscopy of single untethered protein molecules confined to a planar zone.

Summary To bypass limitations of ensemble averaging biochemical analysis, microscopy-based detection and tracking are needed for single protein molecules that are diffusing in aqueous solution. Confining the molecules to a planar zone dramatically assists tracking. Procedures of microscopy should be routine enough so that effort is focused on the biochemistry. Fluorescence microscopy and partial planar confinement of single, untethered, aqueous protein molecules have been achieved here by use of a routine procedure. With this procedure, multiple thermally diffusing Alexa 488-stained bovine serum albumin molecules were observed during partial confinement to a thin aqueous zone next to a cover slip. The procedure produces confinement by partial re-swelling of a previously dried agarose gel on the microscope slide. Confinement was confirmed through analysis that revealed thermal motion lower in the third dimension than it was in the plane of observation.
Dissociative ionization of O 2 produced by 1-MeV H + , He + , and O +

Kinetic-energy spectra of the ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{O}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}^{3+}$ fragments produced by 1-MeV ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ projectiles have been obtained. The ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ spectrum resulting from ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ bombardment is similar to spectra obtained by electron bombardment and photoionization. In addition, an ${\mathrm{O}}^{2+}$ spectrum resulting from ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ bombardment has been obtained. The ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{O}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}^{3+}$ spectra obtained from ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ bombardment show energy groups for which approximate energy assignments have been made. The relative intensities of these energy groups are dependent on the projectile, with ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ projectile greatly enhancing the higher-energy groups relative to the ones of lower energy.
Increased secretion of Müllerian inhibiting substance after immunological blockade of endogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the rat.

In order to evaluate the role of leuteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and gonadotropins in the control of secretion of Mullerian inhibiting substance, groups of pregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally with high potency antiserum from a rabbit immunized with LHRH. Pregnant females were injected at 13 and 20 days of gestation with LHRH antiserum or an equal volume of normal rabbit serum as a control. The testes and penis were reduced in weight and size in 6-day-old pups of the experimental group indicating the luteinizing hormone (LH) was blocked and that LHRH antiserum was active. Testicular fragments of 17-day fetuses and 6-day-old pups showed an increase relative to controls in Mullerian inhibiting substance activity in a graded organ culture bioassay system. These studies suggest that secretion of Mullerian inhibiting substances is curtailed by one or both gonadotropins.
Distribution of acidic glycosaminoglycans in rabbit growth plate cartilage

Chondroitin-4-sulfate (C-4-S), chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6-S) and keratan sulfate (KS) concentrations were measured in growth plate cartilage derived from rabbits of two different ages, and from three growth plate zones from rabbits of the same age. With increasing age, the concentration of C-4-S increased, C-6-S decreased and KS remained constant. There was no variation when three different growth plate zones were sampled. Radiosulfate uptake into chondroitan sulfate was also measured, and this showed an inverse relationship to concentration with increasing age.