cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perilipin A mediates the reversible binding of CGI-58 to lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Perilipins, the major structural proteins coating the surfaces of mature lipid droplets of adipocytes, play an important role in the regulation of triacylglycerol storage and hydrolysis. We have used proteomic analysis to identify CGI-58, a member of the α/β-hydrolase fold family of enzymes, as a component of lipid droplets of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CGI-58 mRNA is highly expressed in adipose tissue and testes, tissues that also express perilipins, and at lower levels in liver, skin, kidney, and heart. Both endogenous CGI-58 and an ectopic CGI-58-GFP chimera show diffuse cytoplasmic localization in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but localize almost exclusively to the surfaces of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The localization of endogenous CGI-58 was investigated in 3T3-L1 cells stably expressing mutated forms of perilipin using microscopy. CGI-58 binds to lipid droplets coated with perilipin A or mutated forms of perilipin with an intact C-terminal sequence from amino acid 382 to 429, but not to lipid droplets coated with perilipin B or mutated perilipin A lacking this sequence. Immunoprecipitation studies confirmed these findings, but also showed co-precipitation of perilipin B and CGI-58. Remarkably, activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by the incubation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with isoproterenol and isobutylmethylxanthine disperses CGI-58 from the surfaces of lipid droplets to a cytoplasmic distribution. This shift in subcellular localization can be reversed by the addition of propanolol to the culture medium. Thus, CGI-58 binds to perilipin A-coated lipid droplets in a manner that is dependent upon the metabolic status of the adipocyte and the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Efficient Markets? Don’t Bet on It

This article tests the efficient-markets hypothesis by looking at profits in National Football League (NFL) betting markets. The author tests whether successful betting strategies exist when points scored and allowed earlier in a season can outperform the betting line in predicting the margin of victory in NFL games and finds that profitable strategies exist. In addition, the author finds that over the course of a season, bettors do imperfectly incorporate information about team strength and that NFL victory margins are a highly variable process.
Brentuximab Vedotin: A New Age in the Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Objective:To review the clinical trial data, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects of brentuximab vedotin.Data Sources:A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed (both 1966–October 2011), as well as the American Society of Hematology abstracts (2000–January 2012), using the primary search terms brentuximab vedotin, SGN-35, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).Study Selection and Data Extraction:Published and ongoing clinical studies and abstracts in the English language that detail the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in the treatment of HL and ALCL were included in this review.Data Synthesis:Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody drug conjugate that combines the anti-CD30 antibody, cAC10, with the synthetic tubulin disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E. A Phase 1 trial in patients with relapsed and refractory HL or systemic ALCL supported a dose of 1.8 mg/kg every 3 weeks, The drug was well tolera...
Intrinsic motor recovery—A long-term study of ulnar nerve repair

This retrospective study was made in the middle 1970s when 41 patients with ulnar nerve laceration were examined 1 to 6 years after repair by epineurial suture. The original nerve gaps ranged from 1 to 5 cm. Intrinsic motor recovery was measured by clinical muscle testing, and strength assessment by using the Jamar dynamometer and the Osco pinch gauge. Results were expressed as a percentage of normal power. Young patients with high lesions showed variable results, often fairly good. Adults with high lesions never recovered acceptable function. Young patients with low lesions showed excellent results by 2 years. Adults with low sutures usually showed no recovery for 2 years but, on recall examination, were found to have recovered very good intrinsic motor power 2 1/2 to 6 years after repair. There was no clear correlation between the end result and either the delay in repair (up to 6 months) or in the measured nerve gap (maximum 5 cm). The results from the use of different suture materials was not studied except to note no obvious complications resulting from the materials used.
The Gerrymandering of School Attendance Zones and the Segregation of Public Schools A Geospatial Analysis

In this study, I employ geospatial techniques to assess the impact of school attendance zone “gerrymandering” on the racial/ethnic segregation of schools, using a large national sample of 15,290 attendance zones in 663 districts. I estimate the effect of gerrymandering on school diversity and school district segregation by comparing the racial/ethnic characteristics of existing attendance zones to those of counterfactual zones expected in the absence of gerrymandering. Results indicate that the gerrymandering of attendance zones generally exacerbates segregation, although it has a weaker effect on the segregation of Whites from Blacks and Hispanics. Gerrymandering is particularly segregative in districts experiencing rapid racial/ethnic change. However, gerrymandering is associated with reductions in segregation in a substantial minority of districts, notably those under desegregation orders.
Evidence for glass and spin-glass phase transitions from the dynamic susceptibility

We present evidence that there is a phase transition, with a diverging static susceptibility, underlying the transformation of a liquid into a glass. The dielectric susceptibility, at frequencies above its characteristic value, shows a power-law tail extending over many decades to higher frequencies. An extrapolation of this behavior to the temperature where the dynamics becomes arrested indicates a diverging susceptibility. We present evidence for analogous behavior in the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnet approaching the spin-glass transition. The similarity of the response in these two glassy systems suggests that some conventional lore, such as that the spin glass shows evidence for a diverging correlation length only in a nonlinear but not in the linear susceptibility, may be invalid.
Tumor-associated endothelial cells display GSTP1 and RARβ2 promoter methylation in human prostate cancer

Background A functional blood supply is essential for tumor growth and proliferation. However, the mechanism of blood vessel recruitment to the tumor is still poorly understood. Ideally, a thorough molecular assessment of blood vessel cells would be critical in our comprehension of this process. Yet, to date, there is little known about the molecular makeup of the endothelial cells of tumor-associated blood vessels, due in part to the difficulty of isolating a pure population of endothelial cells from the heterogeneous tissue environment.
PRECIPITATING ANTIBODIES TO EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE AND BLUETONGUE VIRUSES IN WHITE-TAILED DEER IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

From 1981 to 1989, sera were collected from 3,077 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Georgia and from 1,749 deer from 12 additional states in the southeastern United States. In Georgia, prevalence of precipitating antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV), as determined by agar gel immunodiffusion tests, was dependent on physiographic region, age, and year. Overall prevalence of antibodies to EHDV and/or BTV was 11, 33, 48, and 14% for the Mountain, Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Barrier Island regions, respectively. Results suggested varying patterns of EHDV and BTV activity throughout the state. Serologic results from other southeastern states were consistent with the Georgia sample; prevalence estimates (EHDV and/or BTV) for corresponding physiographic regions deviated by <10%. Over this larger geographical area, antibody prevalence in deer appeared to increase with decreasing latitude.
In vivo evaluation of axial integrity of coronary stents using intravascular ultrasound: Insights on longitudinal stent deformation

Objective To evaluate the axial integrity of different coronary stents using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Background Longitudinal stent deformation was recently reported. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent IVUS analysis after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation for de novo coronary lesions were evaluated. Stent length was compared with label length for calculation of absolute change and relative difference (absolute change divided by label length). Results A total of 233 DES utilizing five different platforms were included. The median absolute change in stent length was 0.90 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 0.48–1.39) and the relative difference was 5.24% (IQR 2.55–8.29). There was no significant difference among the groups in median absolute or relative change: Cypher 0.89 mm/3.89%, Taxus 0.88 mm/5.39%, Endeavor 1.16 mm/6.77%, Xience V 0.86 mm/5.80%, and PROMUS Element 0.79 mm/5.34% (P = 0.085, P = 0.072, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the Cypher stent was independently correlated with a lower change in length, whereas stent label length and deployment pressure were correlated with higher absolute change. Conclusion The axial integrity of DES platforms examined in vivo was high, with only mild changes in stent length after implantation. While there are differences between first- and second-generation DES, axial integrity among second-generation DES was similar. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eosinophil response to toxoids in actively and passively immunized mice.

SummaryI. Intraperitoneal injections of tetanus and diphtheria toxoid into actively immunized mice produce an accumulation of; eosinophil cells in the peritoneal fluid which reaches a peak at 4 days and lasts for at least 10 days. The degree of increase depends upon the dose of toxoid used. The local eosinophilia does not occur in non-immunized mice or in mice passively immunized with heterologous antibody. 2. The experiments suggest that the local eosinophilia is due neither to the antigen-antibody reaction nor to the accompanying inflammatory syndrome, but to an early stage of antibody formation during the secondary response.
An Indexed, Mapped Mutant Library Enables Reverse Genetics Studies of Biological Processes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a leading unicellular model for dissecting biological processes in photosynthetic eukaryotes. However, its usefulness has been limited by difficulties in obtaining mutants in specific genes of interest. To allow generation of large numbers of mapped mutants, we developed high-throughput methods that (1) enable easy maintenance of tens of thousands of Chlamydomonas strains by propagation on agar media and by cryogenic storage, (2) identify mutagenic insertion sites and physical coordinates in these collections, and (3) validate the insertion sites in pools of mutants by obtaining >500 bp of flanking genomic sequences. We used these approaches to construct a stably maintained library of 1935 mapped mutants, representing disruptions in 1562 genes. We further characterized randomly selected mutants and found that 33 out of 44 insertion sites (75%) could be confirmed by PCR, and 17 out of 23 mutants (74%) contained a single insertion. To demonstrate the power of this library for elucidating biological processes, we analyzed the lipid content of mutants disrupted in genes encoding proteins of the algal lipid droplet proteome. This study revealed a central role of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase LCS2 in the production of triacylglycerol from de novo-synthesized fatty acids.
Do International Organizations Play Favorites? An Impartialist Account

Claims of inequity, partiality, and unfairness are central to contemporary philosophical treatments of international law as not meeting a certain vision of a just world order. In particular, criticism from political and moral philosophers of international organizations is based on the observation that they do not treat all actors or situations the same way and so therefore are morally suspect. This paper considers whether international organizations act impartially in the sense of not playing favorites in the way they treat certain actors and situations. It views organizations and the states in them as having various rights and duties toward other actors and asks whether rights possessed by or duties owed to only some actors - special rights and duties - can be justified. It focusses on three aspects of international organizations: membership, decisionmaking processes, and choices of targets for action, and concludes that certain institutional characteristics can be justified as impartial while others fall short. Although impartiality with respect to these three aspects does not equate with a just international organization, an appraisal of their impartiality is a prerequisite to understanding the institutions that we have and proposing ideas to reconstruct them.
Outcomes of symptomatic compared to asymptomatic recurrences in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a nearly uniformly fatal brain tumor with a median recurrence rate of 7 months and survival of 14 months after multimodality treatment. We sought to evaluate outcomes based on the presence or absence of symptoms at the time of recurrence. We reviewed 60 patients with GBM treated from 2007 to 2014. All patients had documented radiographic evidence of recurrence. Symptomatic recurrence was defined as development of new or recurring symptoms prior to evidence of radiographic recurrence; those in this group had follow-up imaging confirming recurrence. Asymptomatic recurrence was defined as unequivocal evidence of recurrence on MRI. Median age for the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups was 58 and 57 years, respectively. Recursive partitioning analysis classes and other clinical factors were similar between both groups. The median time to recurrence was 9.5 months (range 3–49 months). Forty relapses (66.7 %) were symptomatic; 20 (33.3 %) were asymptomatic. Median overall survival (OS) for the symptomatic and asymptomatic cohorts was 17 and 23 months, respectively, a relative difference of 6 months (p = 0.08). Post-relapse survival was 3 months in patients who recurred symptomatically and 10 months for those who recurred by imaging (p = 0.06). Among the asymptomatic recurrence cohort, those who later went on to develop symptoms also had a median survival from symptom onset of 3 months. In summary, OS is worse in GBM patients who present with symptoms at time of recurrence. This difference in survival is relatively large and should be validated in larger patient cohorts.
Modeling and Experimental Characterizing the Filter Function of Holographic Spectral Diversity Filters for Multimodal Multiplex Spectroscopy

We propose an analytical solution based on Born-approximation for diffraction analysis of relatively strong multiplexed holograms. The direct application of this method is designing holograms for multimodal multiplex spectroscopy (MMS) applications. The filter function of holographic MMS is modeled using this method and compared with the experimental results.
The Tide of the Times? A Sectoral Approach to Latin America's Resistance to the Investor-State Arbitration System

Following a period of openness to foreign direct investment and the integration of arbitration agreements into relationships with foreign investors through international treaties and investment contracts, the last decade has witnessed the resurgence of resistance by Latin American nations to the investor-state arbitration system. What has fomented this recent resistance? While the literature has proffered a set of explanations that largely focus on country-level ideological positions and structural economic issues, these reasons are largely disjointed and empirically limited in their explanatory power. This Note introduces principles from leading sector analysis to develop a singular theoretical framework that explains the empirical puzzle of Latin American resistance to investor-state arbitration. Specifically, this Note asserts that the market structure of the sector that is the target of investment plays a critical role in its capacity for collective action and causally affects the extent to which the sector can influence the host state in its stance vis-a-vis the investor-state arbitration system. Using a comparative historical analysis of Argentina and Venezuela, this Note finds strong qualitative evidence to support a sectoral approach to understanding Latin America's tumultuous relationship with the investor-state arbitration system while controlling for existing explanations. Ultimately, this Note provides important theoretical and empirical contributions to one of the most salient issues facing the investor-state arbitration system.
Report of discussions

In connection with the paper by Mead, videodisks were mentioned as a recommended storage medium, as they have a long lifetime, can store graphs, and are inexpensive to reproduce. Vette commented that magnetic tape now available also is quite durable.
Resistance of Blattella germanica to common used insecticides in some areas in Jiangsu Province

Objective To estimate the susceptibility or resistance of Blattella germanica,including normal strain and four field-collected strain to deltamethrin,beta-cypermethrin,dichlorvos,propoxur and acephate in some areas in Jiangsu Province.Methods Contacting with chemical cover.Results The average resistance ratios of field-collected strains to deltamethrin,beta-cypermethrin,dichlorvos,propoxur and acephate were 17.0,8.4,3.2,1.6 and 4.4 respectively.The resistance ratios of deltamethrin were high in Nanjing,Nantong and Huaian four field-collected strain(R=22.9,20.6,16.1).The resistance also reached the high level to beta-cypermethrin in Danyang strain(R=10.9).The average resistance ratios of field-collected strains to propoxur was low(R=1.6).Conclusion Field collected strains of Blattella germanica in Jiangsu Province have already developed different resistance to four kinds of insecticides.
Critical and Poststructural Perspectives on Self-Authorship

This chapter explores how critical and poststructural perspectives on self-authorship challenge the nature of development and the meaning of self-authorship.
Modification of Na and Cl transport in canine tracheal mucosa by prostaglandins.

We tested the effect of prostaglandins PGF2 alpha and PGE1 on the transport of 36Cl and 22Na by canine tracheal epithelium. Sheets of epithelium were mounted in Ussing chambers and short-circuited. Addition of PGF2 alpha to the mucosal side resulted in an increase of net Cl secretion from 0.71 +/- 0.41 to 2.40 +/- 0.67 mu eq . cm-2 . h-1 without significant effect on net Na absorption. Prostaglandin E1 on the mucosal side increased net Cl secretion from 1.36 +/- 0.31 to 2.69 +/- 0.35 and decreased Na absorption from 0.87 +/- 0.16 to 0.49 +/- 0.09. Indomethacin significantly depressed net Cl secretion from 1.36 +/- 0.36 to 0.57 +/- 0.22. Subsequent addition of PGE1 augmented net Cl secretion to 3.88 +/- 0.75. PGE1 did not enhance [14C]mannitol fluxes across this epithelium. Cellular levels of cAMP increased in response to PGE1 from 130 +/- 12.7 to 642 +/- 33.4 pmol . mg prot-1 . 10 min-1, whereas PGF2 alpha had no effect. These data suggest that although effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE1 are similar as pertains to net Cl secretion, they differ in their effects on Na transport and their capacity to increase cAMP levels. Alterations in Cl and Na transport in response to PGE1 are likely to be mediated, at least in part, by the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system. Furthermore, endogenous prostaglandins may have an important regulatory role in ion transport by airways epithelium.
Acetylene substitution in the triruthenium clusters Ru3 (CO)12-n(MeCN)n (where n = 0, 2). X-ray diffraction structures for Ru3(CO)9(μ2-H)(μ3-η2-C≡CC6H4Me-4) and Ru4(CO)12(μ4-η2-HC≡CPh)

The clusters Ru 3 (CO) 12 (1) and Ru 3 (CO) 10 (MeCN) 2 (2) react with added phenylacetylene and p-tolylacetylene to give the tri- and tetraruthenium ruthenium clusters Ru 3 (CO) 9 (μ 2 -H)(μ 3 -η 2 -C=CAr) and Ru 4 (CO) 12 (μ 4 -η 2 -HC=CAr) (where Ar = Ph, C 6 H 4 Me-4). The two new clusters derived from the p-tolylacetylene ligand have been isolated and characterized in solution by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and the solid-state structures for Ru4(CO),2(μ 4 -η 2 -HC=CPh) (4) and Ru 3 (CO) 9 (μ 2 -H)(μ 3 -η 2 -C=CC 6 H 4 Me-4) (5) have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Ru 4 (CO) 12 (μ 4 -η 2 -HC=CPh) (4) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n, a = 20.135(1) A, b = 9.330(1) A, c = 26.186(2) A, β = 97.419(6) °, V = 4878.1(1)A 3 , Z = 8, d calc = 2.294 g.cm -3 ; R = 0.0278, R w = 0.0364 for 4967 observed reflections with I > 3σ(I). Ru 3 (CO) 9 (μ 2 -H)(μ 3 -η 2 -C=CC 6 H 4 Me-4) (5) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c, a = 8.6825(7)A, b = 12.8409(7) A, c = 19.213(1) A, β = 90.001(6) °, V = 2142.1(3) A 3 , Z = 4, d calc = 2.082 g.cm -3 ; R = 0.0264, R w = 0.0337 for 2241 observed reflections with I > 3σ(I). The X-ray data confirm the expected closo polyhedral cores for both clusters 4 and 5.
Familial Trends in Heavy Trace Metal Body Burdens in a Small Rural Community

A preliminary study of relationships among exposure to heavy metals, body burdens of these metals, and cancer patterns in the exposed population has been conducted in a small agricultural community of 450 people in Utah. A suspected high incidence of cancer and the existence of some heavy metal mining in the area prompted the study. Other sources of toxic trace metals, such as smoking or industrial pollution, are minimal. Most of the present inhabitants are descendants of the original group who settled the site in 1868, so the town is a genetic isolate. Familial associations in the population are know from extensive, accurate genealogical records. Our hypothesis were (a) elevated heavy metal concentrations in the area has led to elevated concentrations of Pb, As and Cd in the population, and (b) relationships exist among the familial patterns of high concentrations of these metals in hair and familial patterns of cancer. The study group proved to be too small to establish cancer rates or familial cancer trends, but a familial trend in the response to heavy metal exposure was found.
The Dynamics of Stepparenting

How do stepparents develop close relationships with stepchildren? How do they maintain those relationships over time? Stepparenting is often a challenge. In this chapter we discuss the diverse contexts within which stepparents develop and maintain bonds with stepchildren. The somewhat different circumstances of residential and nonresidential stepmothers and stepfathers are scrutinized. Relationship development is a bidirectional process; stepchildren are instrumental in how step-relationships develop. We examine diverse types of relationships and how they are formed, and we look at barriers and strategies for creating close ties. Step-relationships across the life course are included. Finally, this chapter includes a look at what happens to stepparent–stepchild relationships after a re-divorce.
What We Got Wrong About Sexual Identity Development: Unexpected Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Young Women.

The process by which individuals with same-sex attractions (here denoted sexual minorities) come to conceive and present themselves as lesbian, gay, or bisexual has received extensive attention by social scientists over the past 30 years. This process, commonly called sexual identity develop' merit, has been a topic of particular interest with respect to sexual-minority youths. This body of research has given rise to a generalized portrait of sexual-minority development that is widely disseminated not only in social scientific journals but in publications geared toward psychotherapists, social workers, physicians, educators, and parents (e.g., Barber & Mobley, 1999; Fairchild & Hayward, 1979; Hollander, 2000; Meyer & Schwitzer, 1999; Ryan & Futterman, 1998). The stated aim of many of these publications is to raise awareness of the basic developmental process of sexual identity formation so that supportive adults can better facilitate this process among youths wrestling with nascent same-sex attractions.
Cyber-physical systems: A framework for dynamic traffic light control at road intersections

Traffic control at road intersections is based on traffic lights (TLs). The control mechanism typically used for traffic lights operates based on a periodic schedule to change the light (red/yellow/green). In many cases, a different schedule is used in late night/early morning hours. This fixed control mechanism does not adequately account for changing traffic conditions, and is unaware of/unresponsive to congestion. In this work, we propose a framework for dynamic traffic light control at intersections. The framework relies on a simple sensor network to collect traffic data and includes novel protocols for traffic flow control to handle congestion and facilitate flow. We show that our proposed algorithms have low overhead and are practical to employ in live traffic flow scenarios. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the benefits of our framework in optimizing traffic flow metrics, such as traffic throughput, average vehicle waiting time, and vehicle waiting line length.
Bmi-1 Overexpression Synergizes with p210-BCR-ABL to Induce Stem Cell and Progenitor Transformation.

Abstract 3251 Poster Board III-1 Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) malignancy induced by p210-BCR-ABL and characterized by myeloproliferation followed by poor-prognosis acute blastic transformation. Persistence of BCR-ABL + HSCs in patients under tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy suggests that inhibition of ABL-kinase alone is not sufficient to completely eliminate the leukemic stem cells and progenitor (LSC/P) population and a group of patients continue developing accelerated/blastic phase despite therapy. Expression of p210-BCR-ABL is necessary and sufficient to develop CML but the molecular mechanisms necessary for its blastic transformation remain elusive. The polycomb group gene Bmi1 plays an essential role in regulating the proliferative capacity of both normal and leukemic stem cells (Lessard J, et al. Nature 2003). Recently, expression of Bmi1 has been found significantly elevated in CD34 + cells of patients with advanced phases compared with patients in chronic-phase CML (Mohty M et al. Blood 2007). We therefore intend to determine whether Bmi1 expression in CML stem cells and progenitors, isolated from Scl/p210-BCR-ABL-expressing mice, is sufficient to accelerate significantly the development of blastic phase. Since simultaneous co-expression of Bmi1 and BCR-ABL in normal HSC/P may not faithfully recapitulate the progression events in CML transformation, we have over-expressed Bmi1 in a model of stem cell-dependent chronic phase CML. This model is based on the tetracycline-dependent expression of p210-BCR-ABL driven by the Scl promoter (Scl-tTA x TRE-BCR-ABL, Koschmieder S et al . Blood 2005), where expression of BCR-ABL is restricted to the HSC/P compartment. Scl-driven expression of BCR-ABL is predominantly active in HSC (Lin - /Sca1 + /c-kit + ; LSK) and progenitors (Lin - /c-kit + ; LK) and is transplantable into secondary recipients (Sengupta A et al. , ASH 2008). Expression of Bmi1 into Scl/p210-BCR-ABL-expressing cells significantly increases the HSC/P proliferation (2.5 fold) and also increases the frequency of colony forming cells (CFU-Cs) after serial propagation in liquid culture, compared to Bmi1 (4.6-fold) or BCR-ABL-expressing CML cells alone (517-fold). Furthermore, Bmi1 expression into Scl/p210 leukemic progenitors increases the hypermigratory phenotype of leukemic progenitors (3-fold increase over 5.5-fold increase induced by BCR/ABL alone; P P ≤0.005). Altogether, these data indicate that Bmi-1 synergistically enhances the transformation phenotype of p210-BCR-ABL-expressing HSC/P and emphasize the role of epigenetic changes inducing overexpression of self-renewal genes in the pathogenesis of CML. These data suggest that Bmi-1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for CML LSC/P. Disclosures: Cancelas: CERUS CO: Research Funding; CARIDIAN BCT: Research Funding; HEMERUS INC: Research Funding.
Contributing Meaning to Research in Developmental Disabilities: Integrating Participatory Action and Methodological Rigor.

Action research approaches reflecting power sharing by academic and community researchers, full engagement of community partners across all study phases, and ongoing commitment to partnership and c...
Waiting time targets and informal professional networks in English NHS

Purpose This paper examines the relationship between key actors in an organisation and informal professional networks. It uses pragmatic constructivism (PC) as a research paradigm together with concepts borrowed from the theory of social networks to investigate how these actors responded to a particular set of non-financial performance targets. Design/methodology/approach The implementation process of waiting time targets in the Accident and Emergency Department was observed as part of an in-depth study at a large English National Health Service hospital. The main sources of data were face-to-face interviews with key actors, documentary archival evidence and observation diaries. Findings The results indicated that with the effect of information sharing through these networks, implementation methodology switched from systems approach to actors approach. Professional connections between key actors had allowed them to generate their own understanding in responding to new performance measures. As a consequence, the perceptions of other actors in relevant networks, as well as the implementation practices were influenced. Research limitations/implications This is a single-site, in-depth case study; hence, the findings are not generalizable. Practical implications This study demonstrated just how influential some key actors can be in shaping the implementation of performance measures. Originality/value The paper contributes to PC by providing evidence on the influence of informal professional networks and structural holes in shaping organisational topos.
Association of biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation with PET CT SUV values in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e20589Background: PET CT is the imaging technique of choice for staging nodal and metastatic disease in NSCLC. Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) on PET CT is a quantification of FDG uptake and a surr...
Incentives and the crowd

Crowdsourcing gives us a way to leverage the complementary strengths of humans and machines. But how do we solve the problem of low-quality crowdwork?
Significant waveheight retrieval from SAR imagery in typhoon megi

We present in this work the application and validation of a parameterization function to compute significant wave height (SWH) distributions from SAR derived wind speed maps in tropical cyclones. These SWHs are compared against computations by three different models and in situ measurements of two wave buoys. The parameterization function itself is only based on fetch and duration with relation to the storms center. Due to this relation, we see a high wind distribution dependency within our results. Nevertheless, this approach can be used to tune already existing ocean wave parameter estimations, which directly the SWH from the radar backscatter.
Why No Polygamy

This chapter, distilled from a long book on the topic, analyzes the 1,850 year tradition of Western laws against polygamy and the growing constitutional and cultural pressures to reform these laws today. I show how the traditional Western cases against polygamy and same-sex unions used strikingly different arguments drawn from the Bible, nature, rights, harm, and symbolism. I conclude that, because these arguments are so different, Western nations can responsibly hold the line against polygamy, even if they choose to accept same-sex marriage and its accompanying norms of sexual liberty, domestic autonomy, equality, and nondiscrimination.
Dictators without borders: power and money in Central Asia

Media and scholarly accounts routinely describe Central Asia as a region geographically isolated from the rest of the world. The region’s political tyranny and economic backwardness are presumed to...
Naturalistic Speech-Generating Device Interventions for Children With Complex Communication Needs: A Systematic Review of Single-Subject Studies.

Purpose This article presents a systematic review that aimed to synthesize single-subject–design studies that have examined naturalistic interventions for teaching the expressive use of speech-gene...
Design and Performance of Forced-Flow HeII Heat Exchangers

HeII heat exchangers are used in systems requiring near absolute-zero temperatures. A unique characteristic of superfluid helium is its strong internal convection, which prevents the existence of pronounced temperature gradients. In a closed HeII heat exchanger loop, there exists a region outside the heat exchanger where heat is added to the fluid. The strong internal convection carries this heat into the heat exchanger whether or not the HeII is flowing. When HeII is flowing, both forced and internal convection mechanisms carry heat into the heat exchanger. The existence of these competing mechanisms results in a large variety of physically admissible temperature profiles, including profiles with minima within the heat exchanger. This paper presents analytical and experimental results characterizing temperature profiles within HeII heat exchangers under a variety of conditions.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Postmenopausal Women

Publisher Summary The trend of increase in life expectancy will continue, particularly in the industrialized countries. Women will, therefore, spend a significant part of their life in the postmenopausal years, which is probably due to estrogen deficiency, hormonal alterations, muscular and neuronal damages secondary to previous childbirths, and other age-related physiologic changes. This is a period when pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is more likely to occur. POP is the abnormal protrusion of the pelvic organs from their normal locations into or out of the vaginal canal. These abnormalities, which result from defects of the pelvic support, include anterior compartment prolapse such as cystocele or urethrocele, posterior compartment prolapse such as rectocele or enterocele, and apical problems such as uterine or vaginal vault prolapse. Enterocele can also occur in conjunction with the defects of the anterior and apical compartments. These conditions often occur in various combinations and/or with the coexistence of urinary incontinence. Although POP seldom leads to serious medical illnesses, it may have a major effect on the patient's quality of life. Significant morbidity can occur with POP including alterations in bladder, bowel, or sexual function. These patients often suffer from urinary frequency and urgency urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, constipation, and a decrease in sexual activity. Conditions of POP also are associated with loss of self-esteem, social isolation, depression, and other psychologic burdens.
Power Analysis and Sample Sizes in Pathology Research

For decades research in pathology has occurred with little attention paid to the formalities of experimental design and issues of sample size and statistical power. Pathology research often begins with an intuition or a question arising from cumulative observations made on tissue specimens, followed by the more formal step of collecting exploratory data for study and analysis. However, this process is now evolving as a result of changes in the research environment. In most academic institutions, research in pathology is increasingly being controlled by institutional review boards and their statisticians. Plans for pathology research are now expected to follow known experimental designs and include analyses of sample size and statistical power. Nevertheless, in spite of the foregoing there will always be a role for exploratory studies, which require minimal attention to the details of formal experimental design.
How Much of the Recent Evidence of a Corporate Tax Shelter Problem is Explained by Increased Stock Option Activity

According to the Treasury Department, a principal piece of evidence of the existence of a corporate tax shelter problem is the faster recent growth of corporate book income relative to taxable income. This paper attempts to determine whether, and to what extent, increased stock option activity is the explanation for this phenomenon. I first estimate the amount of the decline in the corporate effective tax rate and the size of the hypothetical "corporate tax gap" in 1998 resulting from the different growth rates of book income and taxable income. Then, based upon financial information of the corporations comprising the Standard & Poor's 100, I further estimate that a significant portion, but less than half, of the gap was attributable to increased stock option activity.
Kinematic Cartography for Locomotion at Low Reynolds Numbers

Kinematic motion planning often requires a notion of “distance” between configurations. Euclidean distances on a parameter space are easy to compute, but can drastically distort the effort required to change configuration. Here, we present a framework for characterizing this distortion, based on principles adopted from the cartographic community, and a method for transforming configuration coordinates to better represent actuation costs. As a demonstration of this approach, we derive a true configuration distance metric for an important class of locomoting systems: low Reynolds number swimmers. Applying our cartographic coordinate transformation to these systems both provides intuition for previous numerical results, and allows direct geometric comparison between systems with heterogeneous morphology.
Cell Biology of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Disorders characterized by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, continue to be among the most frequent causes of debilitating disease and death. Tissue injury and/or death occur as a result of the initial ischemic insult, which is determined primarily by the magnitude and duration of the interruption in the blood supply, and then subsequent damage induced by reperfusion. During prolonged ischemia, ATP levels and intracellular pH decrease as a result of anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation. As a consequence, ATPase-dependent ion transport mechanisms become dysfunctional, contributing to increased intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels (calcium overload), cell swelling and rupture, and cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Although oxygen levels are restored upon reperfusion, a surge in the generation of reactive oxygen species occurs and proinflammatory neutrophils infiltrate ischemic tissues to exacerbate ischemic injury. The pathologic events induced by I/R orchestrate the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which appears to represent a common end-effector of the pathologic events initiated by I/R. The aim of this treatise is to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying the development of I/R injury, from which it should be apparent that a combination of molecular and cellular approaches targeting multiple pathologic processes to limit the extent of I/R injury must be adopted to enhance resistance to cell death and increase regenerative capacity in order to effect long-lasting repair of ischemic tissues.
Network Partitioning Algorithms for Solving the Traffic Assignment Problem using a Decomposition Approach

Recent methods in the literature to parallelize the traffic assignment problem consider partitioning a network into subnetworks to reduce the computation time. In this article, a partitioning metho...
Misalignment of sexual and reproductive health priorities among older Latino adolescents and their mothers

Abstract Objective The study describes maternal and adolescent perspectives on sexual decision making and the role of mothers in shaping use of contraception for the prevention of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among older Latino adolescents. Study design Researchers used a semistructured interview guide to conduct focus group discussions with 21 mother–adolescent Latino dyads (n=42). Latino adolescents ages 17–19 were eligible for the study. We recruited families from the South Bronx, New York City, using area sampling methodology. For analysis of qualitative data, we used the framework method involving open coding, identification of dominant themes, refining of codebooks and indexing. Results Overwhelmingly, results suggest asymmetric priorities and preferences regarding maternal involvement in older adolescent sexual and contraceptive decision making. Mothers primarily employed practices designed to prevent adolescent sexual activity. Most teens reported already having experienced sexual debut and were currently sexually active. Adolescents expressed a strong interest in practical support for sexual decision making, including maternal guidance regarding effective access to and use of contraception. Mothers offered limited guidance or support with such matters. Maternal views focused entirely on the health and social consequences of sex in lieu of specific guidance on contraception for older sexually active adolescents. The findings highlight a missed opportunity for Latino mothers to support their older adolescent children to prevent unplanned pregnancies, STIs and HIV. Conclusion Mothers have the potential to positively shape adolescent contraceptive decision making and behavior. Misalignment of priorities between mothers and adolescents diminishes the potential of reducing adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) disparities. Implications Mothers are influential in reducing adolescent SRH risk. However, asymmetric priorities among Latino adolescents and their mothers regarding support for SRH reduce likelihood of reducing adolescent negative SRH outcomes and supporting adolescent health. Programs supporting better alignment of maternal guidance and adolescent SRH needs are warranted.
New Cancer Therapies: Implications for the Perioperative Period

Cancer is on the rise. Standing on verge of exciting discoveries, research is being translated into therapies that are being widely administered to patients. Providing a hope for cure, where none existed before. This new body of knowledge has come from a better understanding of cancer genetics, molecular and sub molecular behavior, and understanding of cancer-generated cellular environments. These have led to development of immunotherapy and its many sub-genres, improvement and introduction of new radiation technologies, and decreasing toxicities of existing chemotherapies. The purpose of this review is to have a summary look at this huge landscape of cancer therapy. Specially looking at toxicities that an anesthesiologist should be familiar with while providing perioperative care for these patients, complications like tumor lysis syndrome, cytokine release syndromes, Kounis syndrome, myocarditis, encephalopathies, and pituitary failure need to be kept in mind. One should be knowledgeable about these therapies and approach these patients with a high index of suspicion. Anesthesiologists will need to refine preoperative assessment with appropriate testing and intraoperative and postoperative management in collaboration with oncologists, while involving the expertise of internists, cardiologist, and endocrinologists in helping assess and manage these patients in the perioperative period.
Evaluation of select biocompatible markers for labelling peripheral nerves on 11.7 T MRI.

Abstract Background Peripheral nerve injury is often followed by a highly variable recovery process with respect to both rapidity and efficacy. Identifying post-nerve injury phenomena is key to assessing the merit and timing of surgery as well as to tracking nerve recovery postoperatively. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has been investigated in the clinical and research settings as a noninvasive technique to both assess and monitor each patient's unique case of peripheral nerve damage. New method We identify a MRI-suitable marker for tracking the exact site of either nerve injury or coaptation following surgical repair to aid with DTI analysis. Results Due to artefact and disruption of tractography, silver wire and microvascular clips were not suitable markers. AxoGuard®, 4-0 vicryl suture, and 10-0 polyamide suture, although detectable, did not produce a signal easily distinguished from post-surgical changes. Silicone was easily identifiable and stable in both the acute and delayed time points, exhibited negligible impact on DTI parameters, and possessed geometry to prevent nerve strangulation. Comparison with existing method Prior studies have not assessed the efficacy of other markers nor have they assessed silicone for potential artefact with DTI parameter analysis. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the reliability and compatibility of silicone in the delayed postoperative time period and includes its unique imaging appearance on high-resolution 11.7 MRI. Conclusion Semi-cylindrical silicone tubing can be used as a safe, reliable, and readily available radiological marker to visualize and monitor a region of interest on a rodent’s peripheral nerve for aiding assessments with diffusion tensor imaging.
When Multilateralism Backfires: Dispute Settlement and Compliance in the Global Trade Regime

Multilateralism is associated with a variety of benefits. Involving more states can help monitor compliance and contribute toward enforcement. Yet, in international dispute settlement, multilateralism can backfire. When legal processes are open to participation by non-litigant countries, defendant governments are less likely to comply with unfavorable rulings. First, non-litigant participation spoils bilateral settlements between disputants. Second, it expands the scope of the rulings. As a result, non-litigant participation results in more frequent, more burdensome rulings. This will drive down compliance. We test our argument at the World Trade Organization. Using a novel dataset on compliance in over 150 WTO disputes, we show that third party country participation is correlated with significantly lower compliance rates. Our findings highlight a risk of stringent enforcement and the consequences are significant: noncompliance problems threaten to undercut the operation of the multilateral trade regime, as we’ve seen in recent events.