cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trauma Type and Gender Effects on PTSD, General Distress, and Peritraumatic Dissociation

This study examined the independent and interaction effects of trauma type and gender on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general psychopathology, and peritraumatic dissociation. We assessed 1,503 college students (58.3% female) who experienced a natural disaster, loss of a loved one, or interpersonal violence. Interpersonal violence survivors, those with multiple trauma histories, and women reported more PTSD symptoms, general psychopathology, and peritraumatic dissociation than other trauma group survivors, single trauma group survivors, and men. A trauma type by gender interaction was identified for peritraumatic dissociation. The results are discussed within the context of clinical practice and assessment.
Tips for success: Giving an effective research talk

For many scientists, their working life can be charted as a series of talks: lab meetings, journal clubs, research seminars, and job talks. Based on the sheer volume of attended and given talks, one might think that nearly any scientist should be an expert speaker. As we are all painfully aware, that's not so. Giving an effective talk is a learned skill, built largely on preparation and practice. Presented here are tips from five panelists, each known for their informative, well-organized, and engaging style: Nicole King, PhD, Michael Levine, PhD, Susan McConnell, PhD, Denise Montell, PhD, and Sean Morrison, PhD. While their advice focuses on improving research seminars (departmental seminars, society meetings, and public lectures), they also offer many helpful tips for enhancing general public speaking skills. Developmental Dynamics 239:3492–3496, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BE SMART: Strategies for foot care and prevention of foot complications in patients with diabetes

Background:Diabetic foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations are common complications of diabetes mellitus that are associated with substantial morbidity, loss of quality of life, disability, and a high social and economic burden. The implementation of strategies to prevent these complications is a key aspect of diabetes care.Objectives:The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the available evidence on preventive diabetic foot care.Study design:Literature review.Methods:Narrative review based on a thorough search of previous relevant studies, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines on diabetic foot care published in English.Results:We describe diabetic foot care strategies that can be categorized within defined domains for the purpose of helping clinicians to remember them. We use the mnemonic “BE SMART” (Be aware of the risk factors, Educate patients and health providers, Structured clinical assessment, Metabolic evaluation and management, Assessment of Risk, and Team care) to or...
The Design of a General Purpose Radioactive Isotope Scanner with Digital Readout for Medical Diagnostic Purposes

The design of a general purpose medical scanner utilizing a digital data recording system is described. The need for such apparatus is briefly discussed and the organization of the data recording portion is described in detail.
Prehospital neuroprotective therapy for acute stroke: results of the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) pilot trial.

Background and Purpose— To demonstrate that paramedic initiation of intravenous magnesium sulfate (Mg) in the field in focal stroke patients is feasible, safe, and yields significant time-savings c...
Archives for Developmental Mechanics W. Roux, Editor (1894–1924)

This year, 1994, marks the centennial anniversary of Roux’s Archives for Developmental Biology. On 16 October, 1894, Number 1, Volume 1 of the Archiv for Entwicklungsmechanik, the first journal devoted to experimental studies of development, was issued. For the next 30 years, its founder, Wilhelm Roux, was its sole editor. During this period, this “new branch” of biology (Roux 1905), the causal analysis of development, would grow into a vigorous science, and the influential Archives (Gascoigne 1985) would prosper as well. Roux’s philosophy as editor was defined in the first paper in the journal (Roux 1894a). [A translation by W.M. Wheeler is reprinted in Maienschein 19861. I will examine how this philosophy was practiced during the ensuing three decades. Areas of research that attracted the interest of early adherents of analytical embryology as reflected in the articles published in the Archives will be briefly explored. I will consider some seminal papers and ideas that first appeared in the Archives, as well as some of its contributors who are familiar figures to present day developmental biologists.
Shock-tube measurements of the f-number for the fundamental vibration-rotation bands of AlO in the X2∑+ electronic ground-state☆

Abstract An i.r. filter-radiometer was used to measure the absorption f-number for the fundamental vibration-rotation band system belonging to the X 2 ∑ + electronic ground-state of AlO. The measurements were conducted with gas-mixtures containing initially (AlBr 3 ) 2 in O 2 and Ar by monitoring the i.r. emission around 905 cm -1 behind reflected shockwaves at temperatures between 3540 and 4056°K and at total pressures between 1·55 and 2·09 atm. The observed optical densities ranged from 2·49 × 10 -2 to5·16 × 10 -2 cm-atm and the absolute emission-intensity data were determined with an effective spectral bandwidth of 18·68 cm -1 under optically-thin conditions. The observation of time-invariant emission signals together with the result that the derived f-number data did not show systematic variations for large changes in the test conditions were taken as proof that local thermodynamic equilibrium was reached. The average over all of the data obtained resulted in an absorption f-number of f 0 = (3·32 ± 0·66) × 10 -5 for the (0, 1)-band of the system, corresponding to an integrated band-intensity of α 01 = 724 ± 145 atm -1 - cm -2 at 298°K. Particular care was taken in order to establish the desired gas compositions behind the reflected shock-waves by using a dynamic mixing procedure at elevated temperatures together with a heated shock-tube test section. The consistency of the measurement procedures was established by demonstrating that the final f-value determinations were independent of the following systematic variations in the experimental techniques and parameters: changes in the initial mole-concentrations of (AlBr 3 ) 2 produced by temperature changes of the heat-bath used for establishing an equilibrium source for (AlBr 3 ) 2 -vapor; changes in the flow rate of the O 2 :Ar gas mixture through the (AlBr 3 ) 2 -powder sample; changes in the time used for flushing the shock-tube test section with the (AlBr 3 ) 2 : O 2 : Ar test-gas mixtures; large changes in the concentrations of the dominant chemical species in order to rule out the possibility of contributions by other radiators to the AlO i.r. emission observed at LTE behind the reflected shock waves.
Structure and luminescence of some rare earth halotungstates of the type Ln3WO6Cl3

La/sub 3/WO/sub 6/GAMMAl/sub 3/ is representative of a group of rare earth chlorotungstates, where Ln can also be Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd. The structure was determined and refined to an R value of 3.5%. The space group is P6/sub 3//m with La in 10-coordination and W in an unusual trigonally prismatic 6-coordination. The local site symmetry for W is D/sub 3h./ Powder diffraction data are reported for La/sub 3/WO/sub 6/Cl/sub 3/. Diffuse reflectance, ir, Raman, and luminescence spectra are reported for pure La/sub 3/WO/sub 6/Cl/sub 3/, as well as for the activators Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, and Tm incorporated into this host.
A dynamic programming approach to the estimation of Markov Switching Regression models

This paper suggests an alternative two-stage estimation method for Markov Switching Regression models. The procedure, based on the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) decision rule, is essentially related to Bellman's dynamic programming algorithm. Monte Carlo results indicate that this procedure is a good alternative to Hamilton's method. The empirical application shows that the dating of the U.S. business cycles by the MAP procedure is closer to the dating by NBER than that given by Hamilton's method.
Definition of the protein kinase C interaction site of phospholipase D

Abstract Serial deletions of the N-terminal 319 amino acids of rPLD1 expressed in COS-7 cells resulted in increased basal PLD activity. Incubation of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate increased the activity of endogenous and wild-type rPLD1. The mutant rPLD1 with deletion of the first 50 amino acids responded to the phorbol ester, however, rPLD1 with deletions of 115 amino acids or more did not. In cells in which constitutively active V14RhoA was co-expressed with the mutant PLDs, stimulation of PLD activity was observed with all deletion mutants. In membranes from COS-7 cells in which the mutant PLDs were expressed, only the mutant with deletion of 50 N-terminal amino acids responded to added protein kinase C-α and phorbol ester, in agreement with the in vivo studies. When myristoylated ADP-ribosylation factor 3 (mARF3) was added together with guanosine 5′-3- O -(thio)triphosphate, all mutants showed stimulation of PLD activity. It is concluded that the site of interaction of protein kinase C with rPLD1 is located in the N-terminal region and that Rho and ARF interact at other sites.
Resolution of α, β and γ DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the antitumor drug cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2. Evidence for preferential drug binding by GpG sequences of DNA

Abstract This paper reports further studies on the separation of DNAs with the antitumor drug cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2. cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 permits resolution of the three DNA components from whole Saccharomyces cerevisiae in CsCl gradients, avoids pelleting of mitochondrial (β) DNA and does not require a critical molar ratio of platinum drug to DNA-P. However, the difficulty in removing all of the DNA-bound platinum may limit its preparative use. The linear relationship between the increase in buoyant density of platinized double-stranded DNA and its G + C content is employed to calculate a G + C content of 41.2% and 45.8% for α and γ DNA, respectively, using a value of 20% G + C for β DNA. In parallel experiments, we find that poly(dG)·poly(dC), which contains sequential guanine bases, exhibits an unexpectedly large buoyant density increase with cis-Pt(NH3)2 Cl2, while the buoyant density increase of poly[d(G-C)]is markedly retarded, indicating an effect of nucleotide base sequence on DNA separation. The trans platinum compound, which has no antitumor properties, separates DNAs on the basis of G + C content in a similar fashion, but does not preferentially increase the buoyant density of poly(dG)·poly(dC).
Fragmentation of H 2 + in strong 800-nm laser pulses: Initial-vibrational-state dependence

The fragmentation of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ molecular ion in 25-fs, 800-nm laser pulses in the intensity range 0.05--0.5 P ${\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ is investigated by means of wave-packet propagation calculations. We use a collinear reduced-dimensionality model that represents both the nuclear and electronic motion by one degree of freedom including non-Born-Oppenheimer couplings. In order to reproduce accurately the properties of the ``real'' three-dimensional molecule, we introduce a modified ``soft-core'' Coulomb potential with a softening function that depends on the internuclear distance. The analysis of the calculated flux of the outgoing wave packets allows us to obtain fragmentation probabilities and kinetic-energy spectra. Our results show that the relative probabilities for dissociation and Coulomb explosion depend critically on the initial vibrational state of the molecular ion.
Ethylene Polymerization by Sterically Crowded Palladium(II) Complexes that Contain Bis(heterocycle)methane Ligands

The catalytic ethylene polymerization reactions of (N∧N)PdMe(L)+ species that contain bulky bis(heterocycle)methane ligands were studied (N∧N = (1-Me-imidazol-2-yl)2CHCH(p-tolyl)2 (1i), (1-Me-imidazol-2-yl)2CHC(p-tolyl)3 (1j), (5-Me-pyridin-2-yl)2CHC(p-tolyl)2)3 (1k), (5-Me-pyridin-2-yl)2CHCH(p-tolyl)2 (1l), (3-Me-pyridin-2-yl)2CHCH(p-tolyl)2 (1m), (5-Me-pyridin-2-yl)2CHCH(m-xylyl)2 (1n), (3-Me-pyridin-2-yl)2CHCH(m-xylyl)2 (1o), (quinol-2-yl)2CHCH(m-xylyl)2 (1p), and (3-Me-quinol-2-yl)2CHCH(m-xylyl)2 (1q). (N∧N)PdMe2 (2i,j,q) and (N∧N)Pd(Me)Cl (3m−o) complexes were converted to (N∧N)Pd{C(═O)Me}CO+ complexes (7i,j,m−o,q). The νCO values for 7i,j,m−o,q show that there is weak back-bonding in these species. Complexes 2i,j and (N∧N)Pd(Me)Cl complexes 3l−o were converted to (N∧N)Pd(Me)(H2C═CH2)+ (8i,j,l−o and 8q (not directly observed)). First-order rate constants for ethylene insertion of 8i,j,l−o were determined by NMR. Increasing the electrophilic character and the steric bulk of the (N∧N)Pd unit increases ...
14C DATES OF CALCAREOUS SAMPLES, HERON ISLAND, GREAT BARRIER REEF1

SUMMARY Two samples of plant-rich limy sand collected from the 9- and 11-ft.-level of the Heron Island cay were subjected to 14C dating. Uncertainties related to secondary changes and contaminations, and the unknown transportation history of the woody material prior to accumulation at Heron Island, in combination with the relatively young age of the carbon, did not result in 14C values useful for correlation and absolute dating purposes.
Types and Causes of lawyers' Professional Liability Claims: The Search for Facts

Lawyers have become concerned about the rising numbers and the rising amounts of professional liability claims, which have in turn driven up liability insurance premiums and temporarily even caused an alarming contraction in the supply of insurance coverage. This article examines the state of factual information that could be used to measure and explain the development. It goes on to discuss the potential role that increased knowledge of the types and causes of professional liability claims could play in efforts to reverse the development, followed by a discussion of the difficulties of obtaining usable data from the two principal potential sources—lawyers and their insurers. The second half of the article describes and evaluates the work of the American Bar Association's Special Committee on Lawyers' Professional Liability in developing, in cooperation with the major insurers, a comprehensive data collection and reporting system for lawyers' professional liability claims.
Fractionation with condensation and evaporation in wetted‐wall columns

A model is presented to describe the behavior of falling film fractionators with evaporation or condensation. Experimental measurements of vapor composition, vapor temperature and wall temperature profiles were made. Close agreement suggests that the model is applicable to both adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions.
Lanthanum influx into cultured human keratinocytes: effect on calcium flux and terminal differentiation.

Trivalent cation lanthanum (La) binds to calcium binding sites of cells and either mimics the properties of calcium or inhibits the effects of calcium by displacing calcium from its binding sites. Extracellular calcium induces differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes in culture, in part by increasing the intracellular calcium levels (Cai). Therefore, in this study we determined the effect of La on differentiation and intracellular calcium levels of keratinocytes. We observed that La inhibited the production of cornified envelopes, a marker for terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. La inhibited the calcium requiring envelope cross-linking enzyme, transglutaminase, in a direct manner, presumably, by displacing calcium from its binding site on the enzyme. La inhibited the influx and the efflux of 45 Ca from keratinocytes. Paradoxically, extracellular La appeared to increase the Cai levels of keratinocytes as measured by the fluorescent probe indo-1. However, subsequent experiments revealed that indo-1 bound La with a higher affinity than Ca and emitted fluorescence in the same wavelength as the Ca bound form. Using this probe, we observed that La enters keratinocytes in a dose-dependent fashion and achieves concentrations exceeding 80 nM when the external La concentration is raised to 300 μM. This fully accounted for the apparent increase in Cai when La was added to the cells. Treatment of cells with ionomycin increased indo-1 fluorescence maximally in the presence of La indicating influx of La via this Ca specific ionophore. Our results indicate that La enters cells and inhibits calcium mediated keratinocyte differentiation both by blocking Ca influx and by blocking calcium regulated intracellular processes such as transglutaminase directed cornified envelope formation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Plasma electrode pockels cell for the National Ignition Facility

The NIF, now under construction at LLNL, will be the largest laser fusion facility ever built. The NIF laser architecture is based on a multi-pass power amplifier to reduce cost and maximize performance. A key component in this laser design is an optical switch that closes to trap the optical pulse in the cavity for four gain passes and then opens to divert the optical pulse out of the amplifier cavity. The switch is comprised of a Pockels cell and a polarizer and is unique because it handles a beam that is 40 cm X 40 cm square and allows close horizontal and vertical beam spacing. Conventional Pockels cells do not scale to such large apertures or the square shape required for close packing. Our switch is based on a Plasma-Electrode Pockels Cell (PEPC). In a PEPC, low-pressure helium discharges are formed on both sides of a thin slab of electro-optic material. Typically, we use KH 2 PO 4 crystals (KDP). The discharges form highly conductive, transparent sheets that allow uniform application of a high-voltage pulse across the crystal. A 37 cm X 37 cm PEPC has been in routine operation for two years on the 6 kJ Beamlet laser at LLNL. For the NIF, a module four apertures high by one wide is required. However, this 4 X 1 mechanical module will be comprised electrically of a pair of 2 X 1 sub-modules. Last year, we demonstrated full operation of a prototype 2 X 1 PEPC. In this PEPC, the plasma spans two KDP crystals. A major advance in the 2 X 1 PEPC over the Beamlet PEPC is the use of anodized aluminum construction that still provides sufficient insulation to allow formation of the planar plasmas. In this paper, we discuss full 4 X 1 NIF prototypes.
Food Closets in State Social Service Centers: One-Stop Shopping

This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a food closet program in state social service centers. This collaborative venture between a nonprofit food bank and a government social service agency shows how the challenges of paperwork and transportation that often delay emergency food assistance can be overcome. The food closet program enables families to obtain a small supply of food at a place where they are already going to receive other services—in essence, one-stop shopping. Outcomes indicated that the Food Closet Program is providing families who otherwise would lack an emergency food supply with food in a timely manner, demonstrating that nonprofits and state governments can be effective partners in hunger relief efforts.
HLA histocompatibility affects cardiac transplant rejection and may provide one basis for organ allocation

Prospective human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing is not performed for heart transplantation, and the relation between HLA matching and cardiac graft rejection is unclear. Recipient and donor HLA matching were analyzed retrospectively in 51 patients undergoing orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Immunosuppression was based on cyclosporine and prednisone. During the mean follow-up of 34 months (range, 16 to 63 months), the 46 operative survivors had an average of 3.95 rejection episodes (range, zero to 11 episodes). Twenty-one patients had steroid-resistant rejection requiring treatment with polyclonal or monoclonal antithymocyte globulin. Human lymphocyte antigen typing was available for 44 patients, and antigens were grouped in broad specificities. Patients with two or more HLA-A or HLA-B matches had a reduced number of rejection episodes (3/10 versus 19/34) and a lower incidence of steroid-resistant rejection (1/10 versus 18/34; p = 0.01). Inclusion of HLA-DR matches did not alter the findings. There was a strong correlation between the increased frequency of rejection and the incidence of steroid-resistant rejection (p less than 0.0001). Four of six late deaths occurred in patients with steroid-resistant rejection; four were due to acute rejection and two to graft atherosclerosis. Although not currently done, prospective HLA matching is feasible with present typing methods. Our results suggest a rationale for prospective histocompatibility testing in cardiac transplantation with allocation of donor hearts to patients with two or more HLA matches.
In-Silico Modeling of Glycosylation Modulation Dynamics in hERG Ion Channels and Cardiac Electrical Signals

Cardiac action potentials (AP) are produced by the orchestrated functions of ion channels. A slight change in ion channel activity may affect the AP waveform, thereby potentially increasing susceptibility to abnormal cardiac rhythms. Cardiac ion channels are heavily glycosylated, with up to 30% of a mature protein's mass comprised of glycan structures. However, little is known about how reduced glycosylation impacts the gating of hERG ( human ether-a-go-go related gene) channel, which is partially responsible for late phase 2 and phase 3 of the AP. This paper integrates the data from in vitro experiments with in-silico models to predict the glycosylation modulation dynamics in hERG ion channels and cardiac electrical signals. The gating behaviors of hERG channels expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were measured under four glycosylation conditions, i.e., full glycosylation, reduced sialylation, mannose-rich. and N-glycanase treated. Further, we developed in-silico models to simulate glycosylation-channel interactions and predict the effects of reduced glycosylation on multiscale cardiac processes (i.e., cardiac cells, 1-D and 2-D tissues). From the in-silico models, reduced glycosylation was shown to shorten the repolarization phase of cardiac APs, thereby influencing electrical propagation in cardiac fibers and tissues. In addition, the patterns of derived electrocardiogram show that reduced glycosylation of hERG channel shortens the QT interval and decreases the re-entry rate of spiral waves. This work suggests new pharmaceutical targets for the long QT syndrome and potentially other cardiac disorders.
Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin comparison of clinical syndromes, effects on color perception and biochemical measures.

Summary Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and psilocybin were studied in 20 screened subjects, 18 receiving all three drugs. Drugs were administered under similar test conditions, doses were constant between drugs and subjects, assignments to drug followed a latin-square sequence, and subjects were unaware of the drug given on each trial. Clinical syndromes were assessed by a questionnaire completed by the subjects following each drug trial. Color perception was studied by means of both adequate and inadequate stimuli for eliciting color phenomena, measurements being taken before and two hours after drug was administered. A number of selected biochemical and physiologic measurements were also made at similar times. Clinical syndromes were comparable in kind and degree from all three drugs, that from mescaline being most pronounced. Somatic manifestations predominated, psychotomimetic symptoms (other than visual hallucinations) being relatively uncommon. Color perception was not much altered when adequate stimuli were used, but color phenomena were appreciably enhanced from inadequate stimuli. Minor differences in color perceptual effects were noted between the three drugs, but similarities were greater. Each of the three drugs significantly decreased urinary excretion of inorganic phosphorus, increased plasma free fatty acids and decreased total circulating eosinophils. Of the other biochemical measurements made, only one other significant change was noted; an increase in copper oxidase activity after psilocybin. The three psychotomimetic drugs were quite comparable in the areas studied. One might assume that they have many common mechanisms of action despite their chemical differences.
Anti‐R.O.T.C. Sit‐in: a Sociological Analysis*

This study compares social characteristics, political and protest activities, and the impact of social control violence on participants and nonparticipants in a sit-in ending in arrest at Kent State University. The findings show that participants are different from the nonparticipants on several variables including college major, religious preference, personal political position and parents' political position. Participants and nonparticipants were similar to one another in grade point average, financial dependence on parents, parents' total income and parents' education levels. Participants report more political and protest activities and indicate that social control violence did not “pacify” or reduce the level of their activism.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation for the Patient with Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pulmonary rehabilitation measures acquired a poor reputation when early studies failed to demonstrate improvements in traditional pulmonary function tests. However, current evidence now indicates that such measures benefit patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alleviation of symptoms, improved quality of life, improved nutrition, and decreased health care costs are some of the benefits seen in patients who successfully complete a rehabilitation program. This article reviews the role of a comprehensive rehabilitation program in the continuing care of the patient with severe COPD, the components of such a program, and specific measures to be considered.
Need for closure, the Big Five, and public self-consciousness.

(2007). Need for Closure, the Big Five, and Public Self-Consciousness. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 147, No. 1, pp. 91-94.
A framework for real-world software system evaluations

This paper introduces an evaluation method that provides the capability of comparing results of like-structured evaluations that occur over time and with changing toolsets or environmental conditions. This makes use of the framework ideal for comparison of collaboration tools. The framework helps to structure evaluations by mapping system goals to evaluation objectives, metrics, and measures. The upper-most levels of the framework are conceptual in nature, while the bottom level is implementation-specific, i.e., evaluation-specific. Careful attention during construction of the conceptual elements for an evaluation template allows for its reuse in a series of like-structured evaluations and comparison of those results.
Wide‐Area Estimates of Stand Structure and Water Use of Tamarix spp. on the Lower Colorado River: Implications for Restoration and Water Management Projects

Tamarix spp. removal has been proposed to salvage water and allow native vegetation to recolonize western U.S. riparian corridors. We conducted wide-area studies on the Lower Colorado River to answer some of the scientific questions about Tamarix water use and the consequences of removal, combining ground surveys with remote sensing methods. Tamarix stands had moderate rates of evapotranspiration (ET), based on remote sensing estimates, averaging 1.1 m/yr, similar to rates determined for other locations on the river and other rivers. Leaf area index values were also moderate, and stands were relatively open, with areas of bare soil interspersed within stands. At three Tamarix sites in the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, groundwater salinity at the site nearest to the river (200 m) was relatively low (circa 2,250 mg/L) and was within 3 m of the surface. However, 750 and 1,500 m from the river, the groundwater salinity was 5,000–10,000 mg/L due to removal of water by the Tamarix stands. Despite the high groundwater salinity, the sites away from the river did not have saline surface soils. Only 1% of the mean annual river flow is lost to Tamarix ET on the Lower Colorado River in the United States, and the opportunities for water salvage through Tamarix removal are constrained by its modest ET rates. A possible alternative to Tamarix removal is to intersperse native plants among the stands to improve the habitat value of the riparian zone.
Photon-Burst Spectroscopy Of Noble Gas Metastables For Isotopic Analysis

We are developing a novel scheme for ultrasensitive isotopic analysis of noble gases which is based on photon-burst detection of the 1s 5 metastable state. This scheme and recent progress are discussed.
Infantile fibrosarcoma: Clinical and histologic responses to cytotoxic chemotherapy

Background Infantile fibrosarcoma (IF) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that presents either at birth or in the first year of life. Complete surgical resection is usually curative but chemotherapy may shrink the tumor to facilitate complete resection. This report describes the histologic changes and outcomes in four patients with IF treated with chemotherapy and surgical resection. Procedure A retrospective review was performed of patients treated between 2000 and 2007. Results All four patients are alive with excellent functional outcomes. The patients were diagnosed from birth up to 7 months of age; three had lower extremity tumors and one had a neck tumor. All patients received vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin; one patient also received ifosfamide and etoposide after tumor progression. One tumor, arising from the neck, had rapid shrinkage. Two lower extremity tumors had only modest changes in dimensions but upon resection, the tumor bed contained fibrous tissue with exaggerated small caliber vessels. The fourth infant developed metastatic lesions in the central nervous system, orbits, lungs, and kidney after complete removal of the primary tumor. The metastatic lesions responded to chemotherapy and have remained stable for over 3 years. Conclusions IF is a chemosensitive tumor. In patients where a clinical response is not apparent, cytoreduction of the tumor and replacement with fibrotic and fibrovascular tissue may facilitate gross-total resection. The chemotherapy-responsiveness of this tumor may abrogate unfavorable features such as metastatic or residual tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:23–27. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Exposing Hidden Dimensions of Embryonic Stem Cell Cycle Control

Summary In a recent issue of Nature Genetics , Wang and colleagues (2008) describe a mechanism for how the mir-290 microRNA cluster regulates the cell cycle of murine embryonic stem cells. A focal point of this regulation is the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 Cip1 .
Fractographic lines in maraging steel—A link to fracture toughness

Lines of constant spacing are exhibited across the surfaces of fracture toughness specimens in an 18 Ni (200) maraging steel. The wavelength associated with this periodic lineage decreases, however, with decreasing fracture toughness as the steel is maraged for greater time to higher strength levels. The periodicity as well as the shape of the lines, which appear to trace successive positions of an advancing crack front, suggests that the crack advances by a repetitive discontinuous unit process such as postulated in the tensile ligament instability theory of fracture toughness. Calculations support interpretation of the wavelength as the process zone size of that theory. The lineage is found in several different types of fracture toughness specimens as well as in tensile specimens. Furthermore, such lineage has been detected for several alloys in addition to maraging steel, and in certain cases for cracking modes other than fast fracture,e.g., stress-corrosion cracking. However, for all cases where the periodic lineage appears, microvoid coalescence is the mode of ultimate separation. The lines are clearly distinguished from Wallner lines.
A comparative study of three axisymmetric inlets for a hypersonic cruise mission

Axisymmetric inlet design for turboramjet powered hypersonic cruise vehicle, examining effects of spillage and cowl drags on air flow characteristics
Channel distances and representation

The properties of several distance measures for discrete stationary channels with memory are studied. All are based on Ornstein's {if238-1}-random process distance. The strongest of these distances has been employed in a theory concerned with the approximation of {if238-1}-continuous conditionally almost block independent (CABI) channels by primitive and other simple models. Here the approximation with respect to the weaker distances and the equivalence of the weaker distances to the strongest is investigated. In addition, an exact representation of a {if238-3}-continuous CABI channel as an infinite sliding-block coding of the input joined with an I.I.D. noise source is developed.
BIFURCATIONS IN A MODULATION EQUATION FOR ALTERNANS IN A CARDIAC FIBER

While alternans in a single cardiac cell appears through a simple period-doubling bifur- cation, in extended tissue the exact nature of the bifurcation is unclear. In particular, the phase of alternans can exhibit wave-like spatial dependence, either stationary or travelling, which is known as discordant alternans. We study these phenomena in simple cardiac models through a modulation equation proposed by Echebarria-Karma. As shown in our previous paper, the zero solution of their equation may lose stability, as the pacing rate is increased, through either a Hopf or steady-state bifur- cation. Which bifurcation occurs first depends on parameters in the equation, and for one critical case both modes bifurcate together at a degenerate (codimension 2) bifurcation. For parameters close to the degenerate case, we investigate the competition between modes, both numerically and analytically. We find that at sufficiently rapid pacing (but assuming a 1:1 response is maintained), steady patterns always emerge as the only stable solution. However, in the parameter range where Hopf bifurcation occurs first, the evolution from periodic solution (just after the bifurcation) to the eventual standing wave solution occurs through an interesting series of secondary bifurcations.
Sex/gender differences and the impact of risk factors and psychosocial functioning on the time to re-arrest among offenders treated for substance use

of this age: Chinese, 13%; Asian Indian, 12%; Filipino, 22%; Vietnamese, 18%. With respect to the targeted migrant hypothesis, for 12–30 yr old Japan-born JA, estimated prevalence is 32%, for US-born JA counterparts, the corresponding estimate is 25% – i.e., noteworthy but not statistically significant. Note that 47% of Japanborn 12-30 yr old JA males were current smokers, as compared to 28% of the US-born JA. Conclusions: Against a background of remarkably large smoking prevalence estimates for some youthful subgroups in US, this study provides a range of novel estimates that are pertinent to 21st century tobacco control policies, and sets a stage for new research on migration and smoking. Financial support: T32DA021129 (WX); MSU(CLQ); K05DA15799 (JCA).
A constitutive model for interface friction

A new adhering-slipping rate constitutive model for interface friction is formulated. The model is fully three-dimensional in nature, but rate-independent, isothermal and isotropic in character. The conditions imposed by the requirement that the interface constitutive model be independent of an observer are carefully examined, and the new consititute model is objective or invariant under a change in observer. An incrementally objective, implicit time-integration procedure for the model is also developed. Although idealized, the model should be useful for a first-order accounting of frictional behavior at dry, unlubricated contacting interfaces in quasistatic deformation processing operations of metallic workpieces with rigid tools.
Optical Implementation Of The Hotelling Trace Criterion For Image Classification

The Hotelling trace criterion (HTC) is useful for feature extraction so that multiclasses of statistical images can be separated by maximizing the between-class differences while minimizing the within-class variations. Optical implementation of the HTC has been successful by utilizing computer-generated spatial filters and a coded-phase processor. A simplified method of calculating the HTC discriminant functions from large-dimensional images by a small computer is also described. This method is useful when the within-class variation can be approximated by a covariance matrix of low rank.
Use of the Bonfils intubating fibrescope in a baby with a severely compromised airway

We report the successful use of a 2-mm rigid Bonfils intubation endoscope as a rescue device in a 5-week-old baby presenting with an unstable airway due to massive macroglossia and multiple hemorrhagic lymphangiomata compressing the airway and resulting in a Cormack and Lehane grade 4 view. The limited intraoral space rendered it impossible to visualize the laryngeal inlet or insert a laryngeal mask, Glidescope or Airtraq blade into the patient's mouth. A 2-mm Bonfils fibrescope passed easily into the patient's mouth and facilitated a grade 1 view of the laryngeal inlet with subsequent successful intubation at first attempt with a 3.5-mm uncuffed endotracheal tube. There are very few alternatives to rescue such an airway in this age group with this type of pathology and surgical intervention would have been difficult due to the vascular nature of the lesion. Bonfils intubation endoscopes (Karl Storz Endoscopy, Tuttlingen, Germany) are a series of reusable devices consisting of a rigid metal tube with a fixed 40° anterior tip curvature containing a fibreoptic bundle. They are available in three sizes with outside diameters of 2, 3.5, or 5 mm. The advantage of the pediatric 2-mm Bonfils fibrescope is that it allows intubation with a 2.5-mm endotracheal tube. There is a paucity of the literature pertaining to the use of the Bonfils endoscope as a rescue device for intubation of small infants and neonates. In our case, the infant's airway was compromised as a result of a receding mandible, large protruding tongue, glottic distortion, and limited intraoral space. This prevented the use of bulkier rescue airway devices with the potential for traumatic manipulation, which could have lead to rapid deterioration of an already unstable airway. We feel that many clinicians are unaware of the benefits of the Bonfils fibrescope and suggest further studies to increase its use in elective and emergency situations.
ATPG issues for board designs implementing boundary scan

The emergence of the IEEE 1149.1. boundary-scan standard facilitates structured approaches to board partitioning, allowing test generation and execution on localized logic clusters. The authors discuss a study conducted on 1149.1 board designs to examine issues associated with board-level automatic test pattern generation; (ATPG) and interfaces to a scan-based tester environment. The authors examined issues associated with ATPG at the board level, resulting impacts on the design environment, and linking the capability to a boundary-scan-based diagnostic environment. Experiment motivation, objectives, approaches results, and observations are discussed. It is concluded that efficient use of boundary-scan devices to partition logic clusters and isolate complex devices assists in reducing the circuit test generation problem to a task that can be executed by a state-of-the-art ATPG tool. >
CC-2001, computer science and engineering curricula for the next decade: a status report

The present paper provides a brief report on the current status of the working of the IEEE-CS/ACM joint task force on computer science and engineering curricula and its future milestones.
Self-Esteem, Need for Approval and Self-Estimates of Academic Performance

This paper presents a replication and extension of prior studies that have shown both low self-esteem and high need for approval to be related to underestimation of academic performance. The Cooper...
Anxiety Sensitivity and Its Factors in Relation to Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Adolescents

Anxiety psychopathology, one of the most prevalent classes of disorder among youth, is linked to detrimental outcomes. Accordingly, identifying factors that influence vulnerability to anxiety disorders is important. One promising factor, given emerging evidence for its transdiagnostic nature, is anxiety sensitivity (AS); however, relatively little is known about the linkage between AS and indicators of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), particularly among youth. The aim of the current investigation was to address this gap in the literature using a community-based sample of adolescents aged 10–17 years (n = 165; M age = 14.49 years, SD = 2.26). Results indicated global AS and the AS-physical concerns dimension were significantly associated with worry, generalized anxiety symptoms, and GAD diagnosis assessed via a structured clinical interview, above and beyond key theoretically-relevant covariates. These findings add to a growing body of work underscoring the relevance of AS for multiple types of anxiety-related disorders among youth.
Young Children's Acquisition of Alphabet Knowledge:

This study documented children's acquisition of the following critical aspects of alphabet knowledge: letter recitation, naming, printing, and association of letters with sounds and words. These skills were tested for the entire set of upper- and lowercase letters in 188 children whose ages ranged from 2 1/2 to 7 1/2 years. Performance improved with age, at different rates for the different tasks, and the tasks were all highly correlated with one another. The children performed better on upper- than lowercase letters, and there were no sex differences in alphabet acquisition. Rank order correlations showed the degree to which letter difficulty was consistent across the age groups and across the various alphabet tasks.
A case study examination of the impact of lawsuits on website accessibility.

Purpose. To evaluate the impact of lawsuits on the accessibility of company websites.Method. Convenience samples of websites for America Online (AOL), Southwest Airlines, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA), Priceline.com, and Claire's were evaluated for years surrounding their respective lawsuits. The results of each website were compared to a random control group of websites and to a reference website (of a similarly sized company that has not been sued and is in the same industry). Where possible, two archived instances of each website were collected per year. Accessibility was measured using the Web Accessibility Barrier (WAB) metric to evaluate the homepage and pages at level 1. Analysis of variance was computed on the common periods between each pairing of sued and reference websites.Results. The case studies demonstrate mixed evidence that lawsuits work. In the cases of MARTA, Southwest and Priceline, there is supporting evidence that lawsuits have been successful. In the cases of ...
Review of Inmaculada de Melo-Martin, Taking Biology Seriously: What Biology Can & Cannot Tell Us About Moral & Public Policy Issues 1

Earlier this year, newspapers across the country featured a series of articles about a Texas “garage operation” that had been advertising ready-made embryos for sale on the Internet. Jennalee Ryan,...
Kristen Ghodsee. Lost in Transition: Ethnographies of Everyday Life after Communism

Kristen Ghodsee. Lost in Transition: Ethnographies of Everyday Life after Communism. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2011. ISBN 0-8223-5089-0. Lost in Transition tells stories about how the lives...
Preliminary investigation into the expression of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters in neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): lack of functional activity in RPE plasma membranes.

Purpose. To determine the expression and functional activity of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POT) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
Are Obese Women More Likely to Participate in a Mobile Mammography Program

Mobile mammography services are typically offered as a means to increase access and adherence to mammography screenings. As mobile mammography becomes a viable strategy to increase screening, a 3 year study of such a state-wide program in WV found surprisingly high rates of obesity within the study population. Thus, the objectives were to: (1) describe the demographic characteristics and comorbidities of women who utilized the WV program, and (2) determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and personal health and screening history, preventive care and wellness behaviors, nutrition and exercise behaviors, and demographics. Data collected from 1,099 women, age 40 and above, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and a multivariate regression model. The majority (60.4 %) were married, had an income <$25,000 (59.2 %), and had health insurance (53.5 %). Major comorbidities were hypertension (49 %) and high cholesterol (43.9 %). Based on BMI scores, 884 participants were either overweight (26.6 %), mildly obese (27.7 %), moderately obese (15.1 %), or severely obese (11.1 %). Bivariate analyses indicated that increasing BMI was significantly associated with factors such as having hypertension or diabetes, limited daily activities, perceived health, and not smoking or drinking. The regression model was significant (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.425) indicating that women who engaged in preventive care behaviors were less likely to be obese than those who did not. The WV mobile mammography program appeared to attract women who were disproportionately obese and had multiple comorbidities, thus providing a great opportunity for targeted interventions related to improving preventive care and screening behaviors.
Electronic states of Pb5: geometries and energy separations

Abstract Geometries and energy separations of 24 low-lying electronic states of Pb 5 with different structures are investigated employing the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method (CASSCF) followed by multi-reference singles + doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) and the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) computations that included up to 3.0 million configurations. The 1 A′ 1 electronic state with trigonal bipyramidal (D 3h ) geometry is the ground state of Pb 5 , but it is mixed with triplet states about 8% due to spin-orbit coupling.
Running the predator gauntlet: do freshwater shrimp (Atya lanipes) migrate above waterfalls to avoid fish predation?

AbstractPredation might cause the disparate distributions of fish and shrimp in Puerto Rican streams. Adult shrimp (Atya lanipes) are present only above waterfalls that pose barriers to predatory fishes. Because we have not found Atya in fish stomachs, we think that these amphidromous shrimp avoid predation by migrating to locations above waterfalls as post-larvae. We designed experiments in an artificial y-maze and in natural streams to test whether Atya avoid predatory fishes. In artificial streams, adult Atya avoided the scent of 2 fishes (Gobiomorus dormitor and Agonostomus monticola) regardless of whether the fish had recently been fed Atya, but they avoided the scent of Anguilla rostrata only when they had recently been fed Atya. Postlarval Atya avoided the scent of G. dormitor fed Atya and of crushed conspecifics. We then tested whether adult Atya in 4 natural headwater streams would redistribute themselves if exposed to the chemical scent or physical presence (visual, mechanical, and chemical cues...