cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased incidence of perioperative inadvertent hypothermia and faster anesthesia recovery with increased environmental temperature: A nonrandomized controlled study

OBJECTIVE: To determine perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) incidence, risk factors, prevention methods, and effect of PIH prevention on anesthesia recovery times. STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled before‐and‐after trial. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 277) and cats (n = 20) undergoing open surgery. METHODS: Incidence and risk factors for PIH (core temperature <96.8°F), existing thermal care practices, and recovery times were documented at baseline. For group 1, a thermal care bundle consisting of protocol‐driven active warming combined with raised environmental temperatures (75°F) in induction rooms (IR) and operating rooms (OR) was implemented. Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence and recovery times were recorded. For group 2, baseline active warming practices were resumed while environmental temperatures remained elevated. RESULTS: Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia was associated with preoperative imaging (P = .039) and percentage clip area (P = .037). Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia decreased in group 1 (13.5%, n = 96, P < .001) and group 2 (13.0%, n = 100, P < .001) compared with baseline (35.6%, n = 101). Median time from anesthesia withdrawal to extubation decreased in group 1 (5 minutes, P = .028) and group 2 (5 minutes, P = .018) compared with baseline (7 minutes). Median time from anesthesia recovery to spontaneous food intake decreased in group 1 (6 hours, n = 92, P = .016) but not in group 2 (6.0 hours, n = 88, P = .060) compared with baseline (n = 94, 6.7 hours). No group differences in PIH risk factors were identified. CONCLUSION: Perioperative inadvertent hypothermia incidence was high but reducible by raising environmental temperatures alone or in combination with increased focus on active warming. Reductions in PIH shortened recovery times. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Maintaining IR and OR temperatures at the standard‐of‐care for human pediatric surgery reduces PIH and may improve outcomes.
Soil microbial activity is resistant to recreational camping disturbance in a Prosopis dominated semiarid savanna.

Abstract Recreational camping has been shown to suppress plant cover and expand bare ground area. These shifts have important implications for soil health. We used campsites in a semiarid savanna at the Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRER) in Arizona to test the hypotheses that 1) recreational camping is a disturbance that limits plant cover and soil microbial activity, and 2) the presence of Prosopis, which is known to encourage a fertility island effect, increases soil microbial activity within campsites. Camping disturbance did not influence any sampled measures of edaphic properties, plant cover, or soil microbial biomass and exoenzyme activities. However, the presence of Prosopis resulted in elevated litter, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Multiple linear regression models suggest that observed resistance of soil microbial activities to camping disturbance may be due to both increased availability of organic C and N substrates beneath Prosopis and heightened seasonal water availability.
“Here We Show”: Teaching Engineering Students to Reason With an Audience

Recent linguistic analyses of technical journal articles suggest that discourse conventions of these articles are evolving, rather rapidly in some fields, to include more use of first-person and more active voice verbs. This paper draws from both the recent linguistic research, and from rhetorical theory, to provide a framework that illuminates specific reasoning functions of the interactive dimension of engineering texts. First-person discourse performs critical functions for signalling motivation, novelty, experimental design, and analytical reasoning. Additionally, imperatives, such as “note that,” also perform important functions such as emphasizing significant results, highlighting the relationship between empirical data and theory, and explaining error and uncertainty. Indeed, the persuasiveness of these texts would be diminished without the metadiscourse markers signalling the dialogic nature of engineering reasoning. Consequently, teaching students the functions of first- and second-person discourse in engineering articles can not only help them better adapt to audiences, but also help them better learn how engineers reason.
Women in the Inner Circle: Gender and Director Networks After the Fracturing of the Corporate Elite

Over the past two decades, women have increased their representation among multiboard directors—corporate directors who simultaneously hold seats on two or more firms. Traditionally, multiboard dir...
Fellow-Feeling and the Moral Life

How do our feelings for others shape our attitudes and conduct towards them? Is morality primarily a matter of rational choice, or instinctual feeling? Joseph Duke Filonowicz takes the reader on an engaging, informative tour of some of the main issues in philosophical ethics, explaining and defending the ideas of the early-modern British sentimentalists. These philosophers - Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Smith - argued that it is our feelings, and not our 'reason', which ultimately determine how we judge what is good or bad, right or wrong, and how we choose to act towards our fellow human beings. Filonowicz draws on contemporary sociology and evolutionary biology as well as present-day moral theory to examine and defend the sentimentalist view and to challenge the rationalistic character of contemporary ethics. His book will appeal to readers interested in both the history of philosophy and current ethical debates.
Living with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Although prevalence estimates are imprecise, growing numbers of women in the United States are living longer with metastatic breast cancer, attributable at least in part to the availability of effective targeted therapies. Women living with metastatic disease are understudied, however, and substantial heterogeneity exists in both the clinical characteristics of metastatic tumors and the physical and psychological experience of patients living with the disease. Survivorship issues are complex for patients who are living with metastatic disease over extended periods of time, from years to decades. Newly diagnosed patients with stage IV disease are confronting cancer for the first time, while others have metastatic disease as a result of breast cancer recurrence. Many patients are able to live for years on stable medical regimens, and yet others live with a moving target of aggressive disease with arduous treatments and uneven response. The psychological common denominator is the experience of profound life threat and the accompanying uncertainty, for both the affected woman and her loved ones. Maintaining life balance in the face of metastatic disease, as well as managing pain, fatigue, and other physical and psychological symptoms are major challenges. Increasingly, the clinical approach to metastatic disease reflects the consensus that palliative and supportive care are essential from the point of diagnosis. To remedy the paucity of systematic research on women living with metastatic breast cancer for extended periods, we offer directions for research to understand the experience of metastatic breast cancer and to provide evidence-based inter-professional care.
Gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase from bovine lens. I. Purification and properties.

Abstract The bovine lens enzyme catalyzing the first step of glutathione synthesis, γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase, was purified 260-fold with a recovery of 60% of the original activity. The instability of the enzyme required the rapid use of each solvent near its freezing point. Progress in fractionation was followed by immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antisera produced in response to two of the purified fractions. Inhibition by ADP required extrapolation to initial velocity for apparent K m valus determinations of glutamate, ATP, cysteine, and α-aminobutyrate. The requirements for the glutamate moiety were a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid with a free amino group in the l -configuration. Allohydroxyglutamate, α-methylglutamate and β-hydroxyglutamate were capable of substituting for l -glutamate. The l -configuratioii was required for the cysteine moiety; α-amino butyrate substituted for l -cysteine. The enzyme from bovine lens and hog liver differ in their pH optima and instability to a variety of conditions. This indicates the enzymes from the two sources may be distinctly different proteins.
Effect of Na incorporation on the growth and properties of CdTe/CdS devices

Sodium is known to enhance p-type doping in copper indium diselenide (CIS)-based devices fabricated on soda-lime glass substrates, and similar amounts of Na are present in commercial cadmium telluride (CdTe) devices. We present the results on the effects of Na incorporation on the properties of CdTe/CdS solar cells prepared on borosilicate glass substrates. A NaF layer 10 to 30 nm thick was incorporated at either the CdS/CdTe interface or on the CdTe surface, as a source of Na. CdTe layers were deposited by close-spaced sublimation at substrate temperatures from 425/spl deg/C (LT) to 620/spl deg/C (HT), followed by heat-treatment in the presence of CdCl/sub 2/ vapor. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the samples with NaF at the CdS/CdTe interface deposited in He ambient have larger grains with a sub-grain structure that disappears after CdCl/sub 2/ heat treatment accompanied by an increase in grain size. Samples deposited in O/sub 2/ ambient have smaller grains without a sub-grain structure. For samples with NaF deposited on the CdTe surface, LT samples with CdCl/sub 2/ heat treatment showed a morphology similar to samples without NaF layers; but samples heat-treated in He ambient at 500/spl deg/C prior to CdCl/sub 2/ treatment showed a different microstructure with platelets on the surface. HT samples with a NaF layer at the CdTe surface showed an additional layer at the surface with both types of heat treatments, indicating that NaF does not react readily for these samples. In addition to the discussion of the effect of Na incorporation on the material properties, we will include preliminary data on the effect of Na incorporation at the interface or surface on device properties.
A Bridge To Somewhere

Within the field of psychology, the study of the self has a long and ubiquitous history. Beginning with William James's (1890/1961) distinction between the self as the knower and the known, the sel...
A family of proteins that stabilize the Ran/TC4 GTPase in its GTP-bound conformation.

Abstract Ran/TC4, referred to here as Ran1, is a 25-kilodalton nuclear GTP-binding protein with an acidic C terminus that lacks any consensus prenylation sites. Here, we use a nitrocellulose overlay assay to identify potential effector proteins that bind specifically and with high affinity to the GTP-bound form of Ran1. GTP-Ran1 is shown to bind a variety of proteins, present in many eukaryotic tissues and cell extracts. A 28-kDa protein is cytosolic, whereas others, consisting of proteins of 86-300 kDa, are primarily localized in the nucleus. Binding is highly specific and is not detected by other small GTPases, such as c-Ha-Ras or Rab3A. Both deletion of the C-terminal-DEDDDL acidic sequence or alteration of the N terminus of Ran1 inhibits binding. However, these altered forms of Ran1 maintain the capacity to bind guanyl nucleotides and interact with the nucleotide exchange factor. The Ran1-binding proteins potently inhibit release of GTP from Ran1. These proteins can therefore maintain Ran1 in the "on" state and are potential down-stream effectors for Ran1-dependent cellular processes.
Mössbauer Techniques Using High-Field Water-Cooled Solenoids

It has been clear for some time that external magnetic fields are frequently of considerable use in various aspects of Mossbauer spectroscopy. Such fields are, among other things, useful for producing hyperfine splitting in magnetically disordered systems, for simplifying hyperfine structure by providing a magnetic axis of symmetry, for finding the sign of the hyperfine field relative to some externally observable parameter, and for studying certain features of the magnetic properties of matter. In general, for Mossbauer experiments, field uniformity is not a prime consideration; however, most experiments have required fairly large volumes (approx. 1 in.3) within which the field is uniform to within 1% and available for durations as long as several days. Very low fields (less than 2 kOe) in practically any size volume may be obtained with permanent magnets. Iron core magnets can easily produce 10 to 20 kOe in suitable volumes. Where fields of about 20 kOe or less will suffice (such as to magnetize an iron foil in a direction parallel to the plane of the foil), permanent and iron core magnets are readily available and their use poses no unusual technological problems. Still higher fields, which are frequently required, may be obtained using superconducting solenoids which are capable of producing up to 100 kOe in useful volumes [1]. While superconducting magnets may soon produce fields as high as 150 kOe using present technology, practical considerations rule out the probability of using such magnets for Mossbauer experiments in the immediate future.
Using Airborne LiDAR Survey to explore Historic-era archaeological landscapes of Montserrat in the Eastern Caribbean

This article describes what appears to be the first archaeological application of airborne LiDAR survey to historic-era landscapes in the Caribbean archipelago, on the island of Montserrat. LiDAR is proving invaluable in extending the reach of traditional pedestrian survey into less favorable areas, such as those covered by dense neotropical forest and by ashfall from the past two decades of active eruptions by the Soufriere Hills volcano, and to sites in localities that are inaccessible on account of volcanic dangers. Emphasis is placed on two aspects of the research: first, the importance of ongoing, real-time interaction between the LiDAR analyst and the archaeological team in the field; and second, the advantages of exploiting the full potential of the three-dimensional LiDAR point cloud data for purposes of the visualization of archaeological sites and features.
Imaging of calcium transients in skeletal muscle fibers

Epifluorescence images of Ca2+ transients elicited by electrical stimulation of single skeletal muscle fibers were studied with fast imaging techniques that take advantage of the large fluorescence signals emitted at relatively long wavelengths by the dyes fluo-3 and rhod-2 in response to binding of Ca2+ ions, and of the suitable features of a commercially available CCD video camera. The localized release of Ca2+ in response to microinjection of InsP3 was also monitored to demonstrate the adequate space and time resolutions of the imaging system. The time resolution of the imager system, although limited to the standard video frequency response, still proved to be adequate to investigate the fast Ca2+ release process in skeletal muscle fibers at low temperatures.
A comparison of two hospitalist models with traditional care in a community teaching hospital.

Abstract Purpose Many studies have documented significant length of stay reduction and cost savings when hospitalist care is compared with traditional care. However, less is known about the concurrent performance of more than one hospitalist model in a single site. Subjects and methods This retrospective cohort study of 10595 patients was conducted between July 2001 and June 2002 in a tertiary care community-based teaching hospital. Risk-adjusted length of stay, variable costs, 30-day readmission rates, and in-hospital and 30-day mortality were measured for patients treated by Community Physicians, Private Hospitalists and Academic Hospitalists. Results There was a 20% reduction in length of stay on the Academic Hospitalist service ( p P = .049) compared with Community Physicians. Similarly, total costs were 10% less on the Academic ( P P = .02) services compared with Community Physicians. The length of stay of Academic Hospitalists was 13% shorter than that of Private Hospitalists ( P = .002); differences in costs between hospitalist groups were not statistically significant. Differences in in-hospital and 30-day mortality and 30-day readmission rates among the 3 physician groups were also not statistically significant. Conclusions The impact on patient outcomes and resource utilization may vary with the hospitalist model used. Future studies should examine the specific organizational characteristics of hospitalists that contribute to improved patient care and resource utilization.
Si/SiGe heterostructures and devices

Abstract Recent advances in the science and technology of Si/SiGe heterostructures and devices based on them are reviewed. The crystal growth techniques used to prepare these heterostructures, the material properties and band structure are discussed. Transport and optical properties of the Si/SiGe system modified by strain are treated. This is followed by a discussion of quantum wells and superlattices, and their applications to electronic and optical devices. Among the devices covered are heterounction bipolar transistors, field effect transistors, near- and far-IR photodetectors, and light-emitting devices.
Cyclic fatigue of hot isostatically pressed silicon nitride at elevated temperatures

Cyclic fatigue properties of a hot isostatically pressed silicon nitride were investigated at 1150, 1260 and 1370 °C in ambient air. The uniaxial tensile tests were conducted under various cyclic loading wave forms and frequencies. The correlation of stress-life relations between cyclic and static fatigue results was evaluated. At 1150–1370 °C, cyclic loading caused less damage than static loading, as evidenced by the longer failure time under cyclic loading versus static loading with the same maximum applied stresses. The cyclic loading effect was more pronounced in high frequency tests at 1260 and 1370 °C and might be related to the viscoelastic behaviour of the intergranular phase. Microstructural analyses and macroscopic cyclic stress-strain and strain-time relations indicated that cyclic loading/unloading may inhibit the normal accumulation of creep damage.
Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen in chronic type B hepatitis.

Excerpt To the editor: I read with great interest the paper by Hoofnagle and associates (1). Information on the natural history of type B chronic hepatitis is welcomed by anyone treating patients w...
Host range restriction of vesicular stomatitis virus on duck embryo cells.

Abstract Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plaque formation and replication are restricted in duck embryo cells compared to chick embryo cells. Mutants of VSV which replicate normally on both chick and duck cells were isolated. The duck-adapted mutant, when passed through chick cells, retains its ability to grow normally on duck cells. This indicates that the ability of this virus to grow on duck cells is due to mutation rather than to host-controlled modification. VSV is restricted in duck cells but not in quail or pheasant embryo cells which follows the evolutionary relationship of these species. Newcastle disease virus and Rous sarcoma virus are restricted in duck cells also. Virus-specific protein synthesis of the wild-type VSV is greatly reduced in duck cells compared to chick cells. A structural protein of the duck cell-adapted mutant is altered.
InAlAs/InGaAs/InP sub-micron HEMTs grown by CBE

The lnAlAs/lnGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) lattice matched to lnP offers excellent high frequency, low noise operation for MMICs and low-noise amplifiers. The lnP channel in the InP/InAlAs HEMT offers the advantages of improved high field velocity and higher breakdown voltages (the potential for higher power applications) over InGaAs channel HEMTs. InAlAs has been grown for the first time by CBE using TMAA producing InGaAs/lnAlAs and lnP/InAlAs HEMTs. Sub-micron InGaAs/InAlAs HEMTs with planar Si doping have been fabricated with f~values of 150 G1-Izand f,,t,, values of 160 GHz. This device showed excellent pinch-off characteristics, with a maximum transconductance of 890 mS/mm. The planar doped InGaAs channel HEMT had a higher f, than a similar uniformly doped device. However, the non-optimized structure of the planar doped device resulted in a large output conductance of 120 mS/mm, limiting f~,,,for that device. A sub-micron InP channel device was grown with a quantum well channel and double-sided planar Si doping. A sheet charge density of 4.4x 1012 cm2 and associated room temperature mobility of 2800 cm2/Vs were achieved; however, the saturation current was low. The most likely causes for this are diffusion of the planar doping beneath the channel and the poor quality of the InP on InAlAs interface at the bottom of the quantum well channel.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis Presenting as an Endobronchial Lesion

A 56-year-old diabetic man presented with left upper lobe collapse and postobstructive pneumonitis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial mass obstructing the left mainstem bronchus. The lesion resembled a bronchial adenoma; however, cytologic and histologic examination revealed invasive mucormycosis. The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B followed by endoscopic laser surgery that relieved the obstruction.
Determination of the bulk modulus of microgel particles

In this paper, we present an in-depth study of a non-invasive method to determine the bulk modulus of microgel particles. The method relies on measuring the particle size as a function of external osmotic pressure using dynamic light scattering to measure the particle size and dextran solutions to change the osmotic pressure. An independent characterization of the dynamic response of the dextran solutions is required in order to obtain the microgel size in the microgel/dextran mixtures. The method works fine in most cases except for slightly crosslinked microgels, where the scattering from the particles is comparable to the scattering from the dextrans.
The rotavirus RNA-binding protein NS35 (NSP2) forms 10S multimers and interacts with the viral RNA polymerase

Abstract The gene 8 product of SA11 rotavirus, NS35 (NSP2), is a nonspecific RNA-binding protein that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions (viroplasms) and is required for genome replication. To gain additional information on the role of NS35 in virus replication, lysates of simian rotavirus SA11-infected cells were treated with the thio-cleavable crosslinking agent, dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP). Gel electrophoresis of NS35-specific immunoprecipitates recovered from the crosslinked lysates indicated that infected cells contained NS35 multimers, the largest consisting of four or more molecules of the protein. Sedimentation analysis of NS35 expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysates by cell-free translation and in vTF7-3-infected cells by transfection with a gene 8-containing transcription vector showed that NS35 assembles into multimers of approximately 10S and that the formation of the multimers does not require other viral proteins. The 10S multimers were also detected in rotavirus-infected cells, providing evidence that they function in virus replication. The lack of RNase sensitivity indicates that the 10S multimers probably lack an RNA component. However, by an NS35-specific RNA capture assay, the multimers were shown to possess the RNA-binding activity previously demonstrated for NS35. Despite its ability to multimerize and bind RNA, indirect immunofluorescence assays showed that when transiently expressed in cells. NS35 alone is not sufficient to induce the formation of viroplasms. DSP-crosslinking of infected cell lysates and immunoprecipitation also revealed that NS35 interacts with the putative viral RNA polymerase VP1. Analysis of cytoplasmic extracts resolved by sedimentation on glycerol gradients suggested that the VP1-NS35 complexes are soluble and RNA-free. Complexes formed from NS35 multimers, VP1, and viral messenger RNA may function to coordinate RNA packaging and the assembly of viral cores.
Yield, Root Growth, and Soil Water Content in Drought-Stressed Pasture Mixtures Containing Chicory

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a deep-rooted forb, has potential for inclusion in pasture mixtures because of its reported drought tolerance and high productivity during summer months. This study examined how adding chicory to pasture mixtures affected forage yield, root growth, and soil moisture extraction under drought. The experiment was planted in August 2002. Movable rainout shelters were used to control water application in the fi Adding chicory to orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)– white clover mixtures increased drought tolerance in 2003 when chicory constituted 24 to 39% of harvested forage biomass. Chicory mortality was high, decreasing from 39% of harvested forage yield under drought stress in early summer 2003 to 9% in late summer 2004. Improved yield under drought stress was not observed in 2004 when chicory constituted only 9 to 16% of the mixture. The three-species mixtures in 2003 had greater root counts than the two-species mixtures at soil depths below about 70 cm under well-watered conditions, but a greater proliferation of roots at depths below 70 cm was observed for the two-species mixture under drought stress. Both mixtures appeared capable of nighttime transfer of soil water from deep to shallow soil layers, thereby improving water availability to shallow roots. However, improved drought tolerance of the three-species mixture was probably related to improved water use effi ciency rather than to greater access to and extraction of deep soil moisture.
Detection of enteric pathogens by the nodosome

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD)1 and NOD2 participate in signaling pathways that detect pathogen-induced processes, such as the presence of peptidoglycan fragments in the host cell cytosol, as danger signals. Recent work suggests that peptidoglycan fragments activate NOD1 indirectly, through activation of the small Rho GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1). Excessive activation of small Rho GTPases by virulence factors of enteric pathogens also triggers the NOD1 signaling pathway. Many enteric pathogens use virulence factors that alter the activation state of small Rho GTPases, thereby manipulating the host cell cytoskeleton of intestinal epithelial cells to promote bacterial attachment or entry. These data suggest that the NOD1 signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells provides an important sentinel function for detecting ‘breaking and entering’ by enteric pathogens.
Reactivation from quiescence does not coincide with a global induction of herpes simplex virus type 1 transactivators.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivates from a small fraction of latently infected neurons in vivo and neuronally differentiated (ND), quiescently infected (QIF)-PC12 cells in vitro. This may be the result of reactivation initiating in only a few cells, or reactivation followed by premature termination of the productive virus life cycle in many or even a majority of cells. To examine the viral stress response, HSV-1 promoters of representative α, β, and γ class genes were examined in ND- and QIF-PC12 cells after treatments with agents known to induce reactivation. HSV-1 promoters displayed variable levels of basal gene expression in ND-PC12 cells ranging from 2 to 1,200 times the level of the control vector pGL3-Basic. Expression of the latency associated transcript (LAT) was greatest, with representatives of the α class exhibiting greater expression than the β and γ classes. The HSV-1 promoters examined did not respond dramatically to stress treatments. The viral gene response was also measured during the initiation of reactivation of a cryptic HSV-1 genome after forskolin treatment, under conditions that restricted DNA replication. During the first 24 h after stress induction the response was limited. By 48 h post-forskolin treatment, only modest increases occurred for ICP0, ICP4, and LAT transcripts, reaching levels of no greater than 2.2 times mock treated levels. In contrast, ICP27, ribonucleotide reductase (RR), and VP16 promoters did not respond. These findings indicate that reactivation from QIF-PC12 cells does not result in a global response of the specific HSV-1 genes tested, when assessed at the population level. These data support the hypothesis that stress-induced reactivation initiates in a minority of cells.
Measuring the plane of polarization in a strongly circular signal

The Cassini spacecraft launched in 1997 on a seven year trans-solar system trajectory to reach and orbit Saturn communicates with a circularly polarized carrier signal at multiple frequencies. The transmitted signal includes a very weak component in the opposite polarization (1%). The plane of polarization of this elliptically polarized signal can be used when Cassini is in superior conjunction with the sun to probe the magnetic field of the solar corona through the process known as Faraday rotation. Using a dual circularly polarized receiver, the two components (Left- and Right-Circularly Polarized) were measured during the Cassini superior conjunction in 2002 and analyzed to determine the plane of polarization. The measured plane of polarization was then corrected for leakage between the two circular components in the polarizer. We discuss the methods used for determining the plane of polarization and calibration of the polarizer.
Chiral odd parton distributions and Drell-Yan processes

Abstract We study the twist-two and twist-three chiral-odd parton distributions, h 1 ( x ), h L ( x ) and e ( x ), which appear in the quark density matrix of the nucleon. We explore the relationship between h 1 ( x ) and the spin properties of the nucleon; we unravel the twist structure of h L ( x ) and we emphasize the role of e ( x ) in studying the deep-inelastic structure function E 4 ν N ( x ) and the π N σ-term. We derive sum rules, make model estimates, and show that they all appear in Drell-Yan cross sections with polarized and unpolarized beams.
Adherence to Chronic Disease Medications among New York City Medicaid Participants

Medication adherence is critical for cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Local health departments are well positioned to address adherence issues, however relevant baseline data and a mechanism for monitoring impact of interventions are lacking. We performed a retrospective analysis using New York State Medicaid claims from 2008 to 2009 to describe rates and predictors of adherence among New York City Medicaid participants with dyslipidemia, diabetes, or hypertension. Adherence was measured using the medication possession ratio, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors related to adherence. Medication regimen adherence was 63%. Greater adherence was observed in those who were older, male, and taking medications from ≥3 drug classes. Compared with whites, blacks and Hispanics were less likely to be adherent (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.70 and adjusted OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.73–0.78, respectively), while Asians were as likely. Medication adherence was inadequate and racial disparities were identified in NYC Medicaid participants on stable medication regimens for chronic disease. This study demonstrates a claims-based model that may be used by local health departments to monitor and evaluate efforts to improve adherence and reduce disparities.
Dietary niche stability of equids across the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum in Oregon, USA

Abstract During the middle Miocene in North America, hypsodont equids became more diverse and more abundant than brachydont equids. This pattern is evident in middle Miocene deposits of Oregon in which the brachydont taxa became extinct while the hypsodont equids flourished. This turnover, associated with morphological tooth differences, is hypothesized to be a result of dietary differences between taxa, with hypsodont species exploiting the increasing grassland landscape and demise of the brachydont species a result of less vegetation suitable for browsers. Here this hypothesis is tested and the dietary niches of four equid genera are examined using stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. Dietary niche partitioning is evident based on δ13C and δ18O values and tooth morphology: Archaeohippus, a small brachydont equid, had a narrow dietary niche most likely consuming crown leaf vegetation in the clearings of a woodland habitat; Parahipppus and Desmatippus, medium sized brachydont to incipiently hypsodont equids, ate C3 vegetation in a relatively open environment; and aff. Acritohippus, a larger hypsodont equid, had a broad dietary niche eating C3 grasses in a relatively open environment. The dietary niches of these four genera did not change through time or across the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. Local extinction of the browsing genera, especially Archaeohippus with its narrow niche breadth, was most likely due to the opening of habitats as C3 grasses spread after the mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. There is no evidence of C4 vegetation in the diet of aff. Acritohippus consistent with the idea that C4 grasses did not invade the Pacific Northwest during the middle Miocene, in contrast to other regions of North America during that time.
Intersystem crossing of C2H2 (S1) induced by Ar at different orientations: a van der Waals complex study

Abstract Intersystem crossing of acetylene(S 1 ) induced by interaction with Ar is studied through the fluorescence decay of the C 2 H 2 (S 1 )·Ar complexes. Similar fluorescence lifetimes (≈ 100 ns) were observed for the two excited state isomers, one with Ar in the acetylene molecular plane and the other near the C 2 axis normal to the plane, indicating that intersystem crossing induced by Ar at the two different directions has similar rates. This observation suggests that the π and π* orbitals are equally susceptible to the spin-changing collisions with Ar.
1D composite fermions : Bogoliubov-like mode in the Tonks-Girardeau gas

We reformulate 1D boson-fermion duality in path-integral terms. The result is a 1D counterpart of the boson-fermion duality in the 2D Chern-Simons gauge theory. The theory is consistent and enables, using standard resummation techniques, to obtain the long-wavelength asymptotics of the collective mode in 1D boson systems at the Tonks-Girardeau regime. The collective mode has the dispersion of Bogoliubov phonons: ω(q) = q(U(q)/m)1/2, where is the bosons density and U(q) is a Fourier component of the two-body potential.
A novel technique for harvesting keratolimbal allografts from corneoscleral buttons.

Abstract Purpose To describe a method for obtaining partial-thickness keratolimbal allografts from corneoscleral buttons to be used in corneal limbal stem cell transplantation. Design Description of device design and technique for use. Methods Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, placed on the posterior side of a trephinated corneoscleral rim, is used to secure the allograft to a disposable acrylic sphere that is attached to a cylindrical base. Results After fixation of the corneoscleral rim to the acrylic sphere, keratolimbal allograft harvesting is performed as a continuous strip dissection with a 65 Beaver blade. This technique minimizes trauma to the epithelial stem cells, provides excellent stability of the corneoscleral rim during harvesting, and preserves the central corneal button. Conclusions This method for obtaining keratolimbal allografts effectively provides tissue stabilization during harvesting, minimizing epithelial stem cell trauma and eliminating the need for whole donor globes.
The structure of a novel complex derived from cyclooctadienetricarbonylruthenium

Abstract When (1,5-cyclooctadiene)tricarbonylruthenium is treated first with (C6H5)3CBF4 and then with sodium cyanide, a product of formula (C8H11CN)Ru(CO)3 is isolated. In order to elucidate the chemistry of this and similar reactions, the structure of this substance has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It is found that the structure involves a cyanocyclooctadienyl ring bound to Ru(CO)3 through a CRu σ bond and a trihapto-allyl group. The CN group is in an exo position. The systematic name of the compound is 1,2,3,6-tetrahapto-(5-cyanocyclooctadienyl)tricarbonylruthenium. The compound crystallizes in space group Pbca with unit cell dimensions a = 22.756(14) A, b = 8.296(5) A and c = 13.186(12) A. The observed density, 1.69(1) g/cm3, agrees well with a calculated density of 1.698 for Z = 8; the molecule occupies a general position. Using 1373 statistically significant reflections collected on a counter diffractometer with Mo-Ka radiation, the structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined to final residuals of R1 = 0.048 and R2 = 0.047. All hydrogen atoms were refined with isotropic temperature parameters, while all other atoms were assigned anisotropic temperature parameters.
String compactifications on G/H Landau-Ginzburg theories

Abstract We use the Landau-Ginzburg formulation of the Kazama-Suzuki series of exactly solvable models to compute the spectrum of all N =2 supersymmetric twisted G/H Landau-Ginzburg compactifications for hermitian symmetric spaces G/H. We show that the Landau-Ginzburg potentials associated to Kazama-Suzuki models all belong to the class of singularities we have constructed in previous work with P. Candelas.
Irrational: at the moment

Traditional scientific views of rationality are couched in economic terms; choosing an option that does not maximize expectancy is irrational. The construct has been extended metaphorically so that the term “irrational” now describes any decision deemed foolish by the evaluator. For everyday decisions that do not involve money, a decision maker’s utilities are generally not known to an onlooker. Therefore, the pejorative label may be applied inappropriately because the evaluation is distorted by incorrect assessment of the decision maker’s goals. We tie this linguistic confusion to the predominance of gambling studies within decision making research. For noneconomic decisions, we propose an alternative definition, one inspired by a theory of everyday decisions. We label a decision irrational if is inconsistent with a policy previously established by the decision maker. The hierarchical structure of everyday decisions, along with the descriptive multiattribute utility model, are core elements in the theory presented by Weiss et al. (2010 Theory and Decision, 68, 101–114). The theory holds that fast changing considerations are a crucial element in the evaluation of decision options. The momentary salience attached to a consequence can change with current, often fleeting circumstances. An option that would usually be rejected can quickly become too tempting to resist. Most people exhibit this kind of irrationality, violating a personal policy, some of the time—and they are not necessarily foolish to do so.
Peer Perceptions of Geriatrics Wearing Hearing Aids

This study investigated whether geriatric observers having varying amounts of experience with hearing aid users formed different initial impressions of their peers who were shown in three conditions of hearing aid use, and whether the size of the aid affected their ratings. Stimuli consisted of 36 photographic slides, three each of six men and six women shown wearing: (a) a body type hearing aid, (b) a post-auricular type aid, and (c) no aid. The stimuli were presented to 72 geriatric observers drawn from three groups: (a) 24 with no prior hearing aid experience, (b) 24 having some experience with a spouse, family member, or close friend who wore an aid, and (c) 24 who were hearing aid users. The observers rated the 12 geriatrics on a 16-item semantic differential. Factor analysis of the ratings resulted in three factors: achievement, personality, and appearance. Analyses of variance revealed that none of the three observer groups rated the geriatrics lower on any of the three factors when they were shown...
Role of the Thyroid in the Synthesis of Heart, Liver and Kidney Mitochondrial Phospholipids1

The effect of thyroxine in vivo on the concentration and rate of incorporation of 32P1 into mitochondrial phospholipids and ATP has been investigated. The administration of thyroxine, 40 mg/kg/day for 6 days to produce hyperthyroidism, increased the incorporation of 32P1 into phosphatidyl inositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine of liver mitochondria and also increased the concentration of these phospholipid fractions. A similar increase was observed in phosphatidyl ethanolamine of kidney mitochondria, and phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine of heart mitochondria. The administration of propylthiouracil, 50 mg/kg/day for 11 days to produce hypothyroidism, decreased incorporation of 32P1, into all the phospholipid fractions of the liver, except phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine fractions were decreased in the kidney. This dose of thyroxine stimulated the incorporation of 32P1 into liver mitocho...
Synchronized activity between the ventral hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex during anxiety

The ventral hippocampus, unlike its dorsal counterpart, is required for anxiety-like behavior. The means by which it acts are unknown. We hypothesized that the hippocampus synchronizes with downstream targets that influence anxiety, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To test this hypothesis, we recorded mPFC and hippocampal activity in mice exposed to two anxiogenic arenas. Theta-frequency activity in the mPFC and ventral, but not dorsal, hippocampus was highly correlated at baseline, and this correlation increased in both anxiogenic environments. Increases in mPFC theta power predicted avoidance of the aversive compartments of each arena and were larger in serotonin 1A receptor knockout mice, a genetic model of increased anxiety-like behavior. These results suggest a role for theta-frequency synchronization between the ventral hippocampus and the mPFC in anxiety. They are consistent with the notion that such synchronization is a general mechanism by which the hippocampus communicates with downstream structures of behavioral relevance.
A scalable distributed syntactic, semantic, and lexical language model

This paper presents an attempt at building a large scale distributed composite language model that is formed by seamlessly integrating an n-gram model, a structured language model, and probabilistic latent semantic analysis under a directed Markov random field paradigm to simultaneously account for local word lexical information, mid-range sentence syntactic structure, and long-span document semantic content. The composite language model has been trained by performing a convergent N-best list approximate EM algorithm and a follow-up EM algorithm to improve word prediction power on corpora with up to a billion tokens and stored on a supercomputer. The large scale distributed composite language model gives drastic perplexity reduction over n-grams and achieves significantly better translation quality measured by the Bleu score and "readability" of translations when applied to the task of re-ranking the N-best list from a state-of-the-art parsing-based machine translation system.
Carcinoid Tumors of the Small Intestine: A Report of 3 Cases with Metastases

The carcinoid or argentaffine tumor is one of the most interesting neoplasms of the gastro-intestinal tract. Comparatively rare, its peculiarities have been responsible for an interest which perhaps has been disproportionate to its clinical significance. The best evidence of that interest is the long list of names by which this tumor has been called, names which emphasize unusual features of morphology, staining reactions and behavior, or widely different theories of origin. Chiefly due to the investigations of Masson (1–5), most pathologists have accepted the argentaffine Kultschitsky cells of the crypts of Lieberkuhn as the cells of origin. Masson also demonstrated a peculiar relationship between carcinoid cells and nerve fibers, reminiscent of the similar relationship between nerve fibers and nevus cells. There is still uncertainty as to the origin and significance of the Kultschitsky cells, so that the exact position of the carcinoid in relation to other neoplasms is not settled. Since they were first separated from gland-cell carcinomas by Oberndorfer (6) in 1907, it has been recognized that carcinoid tumors imitate carcinomas in their ability to infiltrate, but until recently there has been no general recognition that they may metastasize. Perhaps because they were so long confused with gland-cell carcinomas, there has also been a failure to appreciate their role as stenosing lesions in the production of intestinal obstruction.
X-Ray-Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy Study of the Interactions between Contaminant Tetrahedral Anions and Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports

Self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMSs) have been found to be superior sorbent materials for sequestering environmentally problematic species. Coupling the rich coordination chemistry of transition metal complexes with the SAMMS concept has afforded anion-specific sorbent materials with unprecedented anion binding capabilities. X-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy is used to investigate the chemical interaction between an interfacially bound copper ethylenediamine complex (Cu(EDA)) and arsenate and chromate anions within these nanoporous hybrid materials. The Cu K-edge XAFS data indicate a structural change of Cu(EDA)3 caused by the anion bonding, consistent with a lock-and-key mechanism. The As and Cr K-edge features of the normalized absorption data signify As(V) and Cr(VI) in the SAMMS samples. The Cr K-edge data show a distorted CrO4 tetrahedron with two short and two long oxygen distances, whereas the AsO4 tetrahedron is symmetric. The average local structure about Cu...
Transient dynamics of edge flames in a laminar nonpremixed hydrogen–air counterflow

Abstract Dynamics of edge flames encountered upon local quenching of nonpremixed flames is studied numerically considering the detailed chemistry of hydrogen–air combustion. The simulations are performed by superimposing two pairs of counter-rotating vortices on a steady counterflow nonpremixed flame. The density-weighted displacement speed and scalar dissipation rate are found to be appropriate parameters in characterizing the propagation speed of the edge flame with finite thickness and chemical structure, for both steady and transient conditions. It is also found that the edge flame speed strongly depends on the transient and history effects of the imposed flow field in addition to the instantaneous local scalar dissipation rate. A negative edge flame speed is observed during the early phase of the interaction due to the enthalpy loss to the transverse direction in the presence of a large strain. The effects of the fuel Lewis number on the edge flame speed are found to be consistent with the previous theoretical predictions based on the laminar flamelet theory. The results suggest that the transient and history aspects need to be carefully taken into account for an accurate description of the realistic turbulent nonpremixed combustion with partial quenching.