cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Callous-Unemotional Traits as an Intervention Target and Moderator of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development Treatment for Preschool Depression and Conduct Problems.

Objective Callous-unemotional (CU) traits—characterized by low empathy, prosociality, and guilt—predict severe and persistent conduct problems. Although some interventions for conduct problems have been less effective in children with high levels of CU traits, studies have not examined whether CU traits interfere with treatment for other childhood disorders. Moreover, few treatments have demonstrated efficacy in decreasing CU traits themselves in early childhood. This study examined whether Parent–Child Interaction Therapy—Emotion Development (PCIT-ED), a novel PCIT adaptation that promotes emotional competence with demonstrated efficacy in treating preschool-onset major depressive disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, was also effective in treating these disorders in children displaying higher levels of CU traits. The study also examined whether PCIT-ED treatment produced significant and sustained decreases in CU traits. Method This study examined 3- to 5-year-olds (N = 114) with preschool-onset major depressive disorder who completed the PCIT-ED trial. Children were randomly assigned to either immediate PCIT-ED treatment (n = 64) or a waitlist control condition (n = 50) in which they received the active treatment after 18 weeks. Psychiatric diagnoses and severity and CU traits in children were assessed at baseline, immediately after treatment, and 18 weeks after treatment completion. Results Compared with the waitlist, PCIT-ED effectively reduced major depressive disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers, regardless of initial levels of CU traits. Moreover, CU traits decreased from before to after treatment, and this treatment effect was sustained 18 weeks after treatment. Conclusion Results support that novel interventions that enhance emotional development display significant promise in treating CU traits—behaviors that left untreated predict severe conduct problems, criminality, and substance use. Clinical trial registration information A Randomized Controlled Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; https://clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT02076425.
Post-industrial life: A US perspective

Abstract Adulthood is no longer the relatively static plateau of personal development. Increasing freedom of choice between life and work, and within work itself, produces greater responsibilities and an increase in psychological stress. The family, the school, and various other social institutions are losing their rigid control over an individual's life course. Developmental adulthood is now emerging, as the categories of youth and adolescence emerged in the 19th century. If changes in the fields of culture, work, and social scheduling are out of step, problems of marriage breakdown, decreased economic growth, or personal aimlessness will result. Even if the changes are in harmony, a time-sensitive social policy will be necessary to bridge the growing gap between individual decisions and aggregate flows of people, resources, and jobs.
The ferritin family of iron storage proteins.

The ferritins are a family of proteins produced in a variety of amounts and types depending on the state of development of an animal, or the state of differentiation of a particular cell type, or the environment. Iron storage is the main function of the ferritins when iron is needed for intracellular use (housekeeping) for iron proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase, cytochromes, oxidases, nitrogenases, or photosynthetic reaction centers or for extracellular use by other cells (specialized). Under abnormal conditions, such as the breach of transferrin-receptor-controlled incorporation of iron, ferritin can also serve to detoxify excess intracellular iron. The structure of ferritin is very complex, consisting of a protein coat of 24 polypeptide subunits, approximately 20 kDa, which surrounds an inorganic phase of hydrous ferric oxide. The polypeptide subunits, bundles of four alpha helices, display remarkable conservation of sequence among plants and animals, which is probably related to the necessity of forming the hollow sphere pierced by 14 channels through which iron may pass. In spite of the conserved regions of sequence, there are multiple genes for ferritin polypeptide subunits within an organism; at the moment three distinct subunit types, H H'(or M), and L, have been identified which are expressed in a cell-specific fashion. How many different subunit types exist, the influence on function, and the number of genes required to encode them are currently being actively investigated. Not only does the protein coat of ferritin display variations, the inorganic phase of ferritin can vary as well. For instance, differences can occur in the number of Fe atoms (up to 4500), as well as in the phosphorus content and in the degree of hydration and order. Such observations have depended on the use of a variety of physical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, EXAFS, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The same approaches, as well as EPR spectroscopy, have been used to monitor the path taken by Fe as it passes from mononuclear Fe(II) outside the protein coat to polynuclear Fe(III) inside the protein coat. Both mononuclear Fe(II) and Fe(III) have been observed, as well as dimeric Fe(II)-O-Fe(III), and Fe(III)-oxo bridged clusters attached to the protein. A possible protein site for the Fe(III) cluster is a groove on the inner surface of the dimeric interface, suggested by the structure and from the affect of natural cross-links between subunit pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: A Reappraisal

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) may vary widely in its manifestations and severity. Fifteen children seen between 1960 and 1974 with histologically proven IL are analyzed by clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and histologic criteria. Remissions occurred in most patients and none died. Exacerbations occurred in five children. Diarrhea was present in 14 patients and in 13 appeared before the age of 3 years. Vomiting occurred in nine patients and growth retardation in seven. Four children had associated peripheral lymphedema and two of these had a family history of lymphedema, both had affected fathers and one had affected siblings and paternal cousins. Seven had hypoproteinemic edema, and, of these, four suffered from hypocalcemic seizures. Chylous effusions were present in five. Hypoproteinemia was present in 12 although five had no hypoalbuminemic edema. Six had lymphopenia which was related to the severity of the disease and was the last abnormality to disappear after clinical remission. Lymphopenia may first appear years after the protein loss begins. Upper gastrointestinal tract series were performed in 13 children and had diagnostic supportive value in seven. Six children had two or more small-intestinal biopsies done. They all showed great variation from one examination to the other, ranging from a normal appearance to severe changes. Lymphatic block may occur at different sites-in the lamina propria only, generalized (lamina propria, submucosa, serosa, and mesentery), or conversely in the mesentery alone with minimal changes in the lamina propria. In three patients intravenous hyperalimentation was necessary. Specific treatment with a high-protein, low-fat diet with added medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) is valuable. Surgical resection was of benefit in one patient, and anastomosis of mesenteric to para-aortic lymph nodes in another.
Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in the forelimb of 24 horses 2 years and older.

Objective: To report outcome after desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT) in adult horses (≥2 years) for treatment of desmitis of the ALDDFT or flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint (FDDIJ). Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses with desmitis of the ALDDFT (n=9) and FDDIJ (n=15). Methods: Records (April 1996–July 2008) of 24 adult horses (mean age, 6.7 years) that had ALDDFT desmotomy were reviewed. Follow-up data was obtained 12–120 months after desmotomy. Results: Outcome was available for 22 horses; 18 (82%; 6 of 8 horses with desmitis of the ALDDFT and 12 of 14 with FDDIJ) returned to their intended use within 6–24 months (mean, 12 months). Conclusion: In mature horses, ALDDFT desmotomy resulted in successful return to intended use in most horses with ALDDFT desmitis (75%) or FDDIJ (86%).
The Ownership Society and Takings of Property: Castles, Investments, and Just Obligations

This Article examines three models of property that can help us make sense of otherwise intractable takings doctrine. The two best understood models are the "castle" model, which conceptualizes owners as having absolute domain over their property as long as they do not use it to harm others, and the "investment" model, which conceptualizes property as a form of investment in a market economy that creates reasonable expectations likely to yield economic rewards. Ultimately rejecting both of these models as incomplete, the author praises the Supreme Court's return in Lingle v. Chevron USA, Inc. to the Penn Central idea that the Takings Clause protects property owners from unjust obligations while rendering them subject to just obligations. The Article argues that the castle and investment models overemphasize individual rights, while the Penn Central test's notion that owners have obligations as well as rights rests on a conception of "citizenship." This citizenship model provides a useful framework for analyzing when property rights are subject to regulation to prevent harm and when investment-backed expectations are justified; it can thus help direct our attention to the core question of "justice and fairness" that is at the heart of the Takings Clause as it has been interpreted by the Supreme Court.
Napoleonic Friendship: Military Fraternity, Intimacy and Sexuality in Nineteenth‐Century France – By Brian Joseph Martin

Was the visibility of homosexual soldiers in the trenches of World War I in France a result of the evolution of military friendship during the nineteenth century? In Napoleonic Friendship, Brian Jo...
Comparison of RNA polymerase II from uninfected and simian virus 40-infected permissive CV-1 cells

Summary The nature of the 2- to 3-fold greater RNA synthetic activity of RNA polymerase II obtained from cells productively infected by SV40 than from uninfected cells was investigated. Enzymes from uninfected and SV40-infected cells did not differ in their preference for different DNA templates or in their ability to bind SV40 DNA. Thus, preparations from infected cells did not appear to contain more enzyme molecules than preparations from uninfected cells. Since polymerases from both uninfected and infected cells incorporated equal amounts of [γ-32P]GTP into RNA, the increased activity of RNA polymerase II from SV40-infected cells may be due to a more rapid rate of RNA chain elongation.
Temperature quenching of luminescence for linear and derivative nuclear operators

An earlier study of the thermal quenching of luminescence using the single-configurational-coordinate model is extended from Condon-approximation overlap integrals ( u n | v m ) 2 to the linear and derivative integrals ( u n | z v | u m ) 2 and ( u n |∂/∂ z v | v m ) 2 . For non-radiative transitions, the thermally weighted nuclear factor in the transition rate is, for the linear and derivative integrals, the corresponding factor for ( u n | v m ) 2 integrals multiplied by 2 E X v ω v and 2[ E X v — E PU ( T ) ω v , respectively. E X v is the energy of the crossover above the initial- u -parabola minimum, and E PU ( T ) is the single activation energy fitted to the nuclear factor's temperature dependence for ( u n | v m ) 2 integrals. These multiplying factors are exact for equal parabola force constants and good approximations for unequal force constants. These multiplying factors will be difficult to distinguish experimentally. The more important considerations for fitting the model to thermal-quenching data are the parabola placement and the Condon-approximation integrals described previously.
A novel derivative of the prosthetic group heme d1: S-methylporphyrindione d1

Abstract Several derivatives of heme d 1 have been characterized by ultraviolet-visible, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Most arise from side reactions during the isolation of d 1 from the enzyme. One, however, has now been shown to correspond to the replacement of a meso proton by an S -methyl group. Since the prophyrin is not exposed to S -methyl-containing agents during its isolation, this raises hypotheses that it has its origin in vivo.
The initial draining lymph node primes the bulk of the CD8 T cell response and influences memory T cell trafficking after a systemic viral infection.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) causes a systemic infection in mice with virus replication occurring in both peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs. Because of the rapid systemic dissemination of the virus, the secondary lymphoid organs responsible for the induction of the LCMV-specific CD8 T cell response are poorly defined. We show that the mediastinal lymph node (MedLN) serves as the primary draining lymph node following LCMV infection. In addition, we demonstrate that the MedLN is responsible for priming the majority of the virus-specific CD8 T cell response. Following resolution of the acute infection, the draining MedLN exhibits characteristics of a reactive lymph node including an increased presence of germinal center B cells and increased cellularity for up to 60 days post-infection. Furthermore, the reactive MedLN harbors an increased frequency of CD62L− effector memory CD8 T cells as compared to the non-draining lymph nodes. The accumulation of LCMV-specific CD62L− memory CD8 T cells in the MedLN is independent of residual antigen and is not a unique feature of the MedLN as footpad infection with LCMV leads to a similar increase of virus-specific CD62L− effector memory CD8 T cells in the draining popliteal lymph node. Our results indicate that CD62L− effector memory CD8 T cells are granted preferential access into the draining lymph nodes for an extended time following resolution of an infection.
The evolution of rates of successful and unsuccessful predation

The question, how will evolutionary change in a predator or in its prey change the ratio of the rate of successful captures to the rate of unsuccessful capture attempts is addressed. I argue that this ratio is not a good index of the predator's adaptation to prey capture, because decreased costs of capture attempts or increased assimilation efficiency (both favored by natural selection in the predator) will usually reduce the ratio. In addition, the evolution of increased ability to capture prey may lead to a reduction in the success/failure ratio. Analysis of several simple models suggests that this result is robust. The presence of unsuccessful predation does have an important influence on the evolution of predator traits that increase its rate of encounter with the prey; the presence of unsuccessful predation may cause the predator to increase its adaptations for prey detection in response to an increase in the prey's ability to avoid detection.
A fossil grass (Gramineae: Chloridoideae) from the Miocene with Kranz anatomy

A fossil leaf fragment collected from the Ogallala Formation of northwestern Kansas exhibits features found in taxa of the modern grass subfamily Chloridoideae. These include bullet-shaped, bicellular microhairs, dumbbell-shaped silica bodies, cross-shaped suberin cells, papillae, stomata with low dome- to triangular-shaped subsidiary cells, and Kranz leaf anatomy. The leaf fragment extends the fossil record of plants that show both anatomical and external micromorphological features indicating C 4 photo-synthesis back to the Miocene. On the basis of associated mammals, the leaf fragment is assigned a Hemphillian age (7 to 5 million years ago).
Raman studies of the hydrolysis of silane coupling agents

Abstract Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize silane coupling agents in the bulk, in aqueous solution and on glass fiber surfaces. The state of hydrolysis of the coupling agent can be verified and the kinetics of the hydrolysis followed with Raman spectroscopy. Unhydrolyzed silanes can be detected on glass surfaces when the coating process is carried out at a stage when the hydrolysis is incomplete.
Veterinary economics — tips, tricks, and traps

Abstract Three decades of approaches used in veterinary economics were reviewed to identify the most common errors made in this discipline. Five of the most common problems producing these errors were identified as: infectious disease implications, repeated measures bias, time horizon limitation problem in decision analysis, disease transmission projections in benefit-cost analysis, and simultaneous equation bias. Potential errors and biases resulting from ignoring these problems were illustrated through presentation of examples. Alternative methods which would eliminate or reduce such errors or biases were discussed.
The impact of economic integration on cross-border venture capital investments: Evidence from the european union

Despite major policies surrounding economic integration among countries (e.g., the European Union [EU], North Atlantic Free Trade Area, and Mercosur), the theoretical and empirical research address...
Optical signal processing in photonic crystal structures for high-speed optical transmission

This paper reviews recent progress on high-speed all-optical signal processing technologies for optical transmission systems in the IP and FTTH era. A new type of an all-optical flip-flop circuit that is composed of two-port resonant-tunneling filters based on a two dimensional photonic crystal slab with triangular air-hole lattice is shown.
The Importance of Pharmacodynamics in Determining the Dosing Interval in Therapy for Experimental Pseudomonas Endocarditis in the Rat

The efficacy of ciprofloxacin, BMY-28142, and ceftazidime was compared in vitro and in experimental left-sided endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the rat. The dose, dosing interval, and duration of therapy were varied, and the resulting antibiotic levels in serum and vegetations were correlated with bacterial clearance from vegetations. These studies demonstrated that ^-lactams such as BMY exhibited a slow rate of bactericidal action and had no postantibiotic effect against P. aeruginosa in vitro or in vivo. As a consequence, BMY had to be given in multiple doses at relatively short intervals during which concentrations of antibiotics in vegetations were continuously in excess of the MBC for the pathogen. The earlier onset of rapid bactericidal action and the prolonged postantibiotic effect of ciprofloxacin (demonstrated in vivo and in vitro) were, in all likelihood, the factors that allowed the successful use of fewer doses of this antimicrobial agent at relatively longer dosing intervals. The experimental model of endocarditis in the rat or the rabbit is a rigorous test of antibiotic efficacy; this is due in part to the large number of bacteria per gram of vegetation, the secluded focus of infection, and the continued presence of a foreign body. Previous data on gram-negative bacillary endocarditis in this model have suggested that antimicrobial agents, if sufficiently potent, relatively nontoxic, and used in doses that result in high-peak bactericidal
QCD and the spin dependent forces in quarkonium

Abstract We discuss the effect of fourth-order QCD corrections to the spin dependent potential between heavy quark and antiquark.
The effects of the dimethylether bridging moiety in the H-cluster of the Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase on the mechanism of H2 production: A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study

Abstract [Fe–Fe]-hydrogenases are naturally occurring metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible production of H2 from two protons and two electrons. [Fe–Fe]-hydrogenases found in two species – Clostridium pasteurianum (CpI) and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (DdH) – were shown with x-ray crystallography to have active sites that are very similar, although several atoms that bridge the dithiolate ligand were unresolved. In earlier work, we employed density functional theory (DFT) within a QM/MM method to investigate two previously proposed mechanisms of hydrogen production by DdH and CpI hydrogenases. In one mechanism (I), a CO ligand bridging two Fe atoms in the active site rotates to a terminal position while in the other (II) the CO bridge remains intact throughout the catalytic cycle. We previously assumed that the active sites for the two hydrogenases were identical; each had a dimethylamine bridging moiety, whose basicity is important for Mechanism II. Our overall conclusion, taking into consideration an energy comparison for the two mechanisms and activation energies for the CO-unbridging step in Mechanism I, was that Mechanism II was favored for both hydrogenases. In this paper, we extend our previous work to show that Mechanism II is favored over Mechanism I even if the bridging moiety in CpI hydrogenase is dimethylether, a significantly weaker base than dimethylamine, providing further support for Mechanism II even though experimental verification of the bridging moiety for the CpI H-cluster is lacking.
The Role of G Protein Activation in the Toxicity of Amyloidogenic Aβ-(1–40), Aβ-(25–35), and Bovine Calcitonin

More than 16 different proteins have been identified as amyloid in clinical diseases; among these, β-amyloid (Aβ) of Alzheimer's disease is the best characterized. In the present study, we performed experiments with Aβ and calcitonin, another amyloid-forming peptide, to examine the role of G protein activation in amyloid toxicity. We demonstrated that the peptides, when prepared under conditions that promoted β-sheet and amyloid fibril (or protofibril) formation, increased high affinity GTPase activity, but the nonamyloidogenic peptides had no discernible effects on GTP hydrolysis. These increases in GTPase activity were correlated to toxicity. In addition, G protein inhibitors significantly reduced the toxic effects of the amyloidogenic Aβ and calcitonin peptides. Our results further indicated that the amyloidogenic peptides significantly increased GTPase activity of purified Gαo and Gαi subunits and that the effect was not receptor-mediated. Collectively, these results imply that the amyloidogenic structure, regardless of the actual peptide or protein sequence, may be sufficient to cause toxicity and that toxicity is mediated, at least partially, through G protein activation. Our abilities to manipulate G protein activity may lead to novel treatments for Alzheimer's disease and the other amyloidoses.
Radiological case of the month.

CLINICAL HISTORY.—This 11-month-old boy was admitted to Children's Hospital of Los Angeles with a history of being perfectly well until four days prior to admission. At that time, he had a temperature of 102 F (38.9 C) which responded to aspirin. The day of admission he had apparent abdominal pain which was intermittent and colicky in nature. He had one liquid stool and two episodes of emesis. The past history and family history were noncontributory. The infant was well-developed, obese, and in no acute distress. No abnormal physical findings were noted. The urinalysis was within normal limits. The hemoglobin level was 12.9 gm/100 cc, white blood cell count was 12,950 with a normal differential. A barium enema was performed (Fig 1, 2, 3). Denouement and Discussion Intussusception-Ileocolic Intussusception is relatively common in infancy and early childhood, and is the most common cause of acquired intestinal obstruction in this age
Functional electrostimulation in poststroke rehabilitation: A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials

Abstract Objective: To assess the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in the rehabilitation of hemiparesis in stroke. Design: A meta-analysis combined the reported randomized controlled trials of FES in stroke, using the effect of size method of Glass, and the DerSimonian-Laird Random Effects Method for poling studies. Setting: The included studies were published between 1978 and 1992. They were conducted in academic rehabilitation medicine settings. Patients: In all included studies, patients were in poststroke rehabilitation. The mean time after stroke varied from 1.5 to 29.2 months. Intervention: FES applied to a muscle or associated nerve in a hemiparetic extremity was compared to No FES. Main Outcome Measure: Change in paretic muscle force of contraction following FES was compared to change without FES. Results: For the four included studies, the mean effect size was .63 (95% Cl: .29, .98). This result was statistically significant ( p Conclusion: Pooling from randomized trials supports FES as promoting recovery of muscle strength after stroke. This effect is statistically significant. There is a reasonable liklihood of clinical significance as well.
The analysis of assortative mating: a LISREL model.

The use of linear models to discriminate between primary and secondary assortative mating has allowed a significant advance in our understanding of the mate selection process. We describe how these methods may be implemented in the LISREL and COSAN packages and illustrate the method with data on cognitive ability, education, and personality reported by Phillipset al. (Behav. Genet.18:347–356, 1988). Issues discussed include the interface between path diagrams and computer program specification, the near-independence of parameters for within-person correlations from parameters for marital correlations, and the fact that almost all of marital resemblance for IQ seems to be due to assortative mating for educational level.
Th17 Cytokines and the Gut Mucosal Barrier

Local immune responses serve to contain infections by pathogens to the gut while preventing pathogen dissemination to systemic sites. Several subsets of T cells in the gut (T-helper 17 cells, γδ T cells, natural killer (NK), and NK-T cells) contribute to the mucosal response to pathogens by secreting a subset of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-26. These cytokines induce the secretion of chemokines and antimicrobial proteins, thereby orchestrating the mucosal barrier against gastrointestinal pathogens. While the mucosal barrier prevents bacterial dissemination from the gut, it also promotes colonization by pathogens that are resistant to some of the inducible antimicrobial responses. In this review, we describe the contribution of Th17 cytokines to the gut mucosal barrier during bacterial infections.
Commentary: Relative Presence of Business-to-Business Research in Retailing Literature

Our objective in this article is to correct the record on the contribution of the Journal of Retailing to business-to-business (B2B) research in marketing. In particular, we refute the assertion of LaPlaca and Katrichis (2009) that the Journal of Retailing “does not regularly publish research concerning business-to-business marketing.” Our analysis of recently published (2002–2008) articles in the Journal of Retailing shows that less than 19% are devoted to B2C or C2C topics. Our comparison of the Journal of Retailing's relative emphasis on nine B2B content areas indicates parity with other marketing journals for some topics and a lesser emphasis for others. The key B2B topics of marketing strategy and channels of distribution appear relatively more frequently in the Journal of Retailing than they do in other marketing journals reviewed by LaPlaca and Katrichis (2009). Hence, any estimate of the contribution of B2B research to marketing knowledge that dismisses the impact of the Journal of Retailing conta...
Extension of Koiter's L 2 -error estimate to approximate shell solutions with no strain energy functional

Es wird gezeigt, dass sich KoitersL2-Fehlerschatzung fur die Losung linearer elastischer Randwertprobleme, die ein modifiziertes angenahertes Funktional der Verzerrungsenergie enthalten, auf die Losung von Problemen erweitern lasst, in denen die Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehungen nur approximativ von einer Verzerrungsenergiedichte abgeleitet werden konnen. Die Resultate werden fur Untersuchungen bei Schalen mit einer Mittelflache konstanter Durch-schnittskrummung und bestehend aus einem Material mit modifizierten Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehungen verwendet, um die geltenden Gleichungen zu vereinfachen.
Porosity Associated With Insoluble Carbides in VIM-VAR AISI M-50 Steel and Its Probable Effects on Rolling Contact Fatigue

Etude de l'influence sur la reponse au traitement thermique et le comportement a la fatigue par contact de roulement du traitement thermomecanique (TMP) pour affiner le grain et la taille des carbures solubles, dans le cas de l'acier VIM-VAR AISI M-50. Materiau traite par laminage a chaud et par un traitement thermique final de trempe. Comparaison effectuee avec un materiau «tel que recu» ayant subi les memes traitements thermiques finaux. Role de la porosite consistant dans les deux cas en vides aux extremites des carbures insolubles
Influence of Cyclosporine on Posttransplant Blood Pressure Response

The suggestion that hypertension is more prevalent in renal allograft recipients receiving cyclosporine (CyA), particularly those displaying nephrotoxicity, was tested by reviewing 200 patients' courses, including 92 cadaver (CAD) and 58 living-related (LRD) transplants using CyA and prednisone immunosuppression, and 19 CAD and 31 LRD transplants using azathioprine (Aza) and prednisone, all of whom had at least 1 year posttransplant complete outpatient follow-up. Both groups had a mean age of 33 years with a similar distribution of renal failure etiologies. Renal function was significantly impaired in the CyA group at all intervals ( P t test). The prevalence of hypertension was higher in the CyA group at all intervals, becoming significant at 12 ( P P x 2 ). While there was only a significant difference in mean diastolic BP at 12 months ( P P P
Lysosomal enzyme production at the interface surrounding loose and well-fixed cemented tibial hemiarthroplasties in the rabbit knee.

Fourteen mature New Zealand white female rabbits had a right, cemented, tibial hemiarthroplasty using a stemmed, fluted, titanium alloy, condylar-type prosthesis. In one group (seven rabbits), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used to cement the prosthesis firmly. In a second group (seven rabbits), the prosthesis was treated with cement ex vivo; the prosthesis and cured cement were then implanted, and rotated once within the bone to ensure that the prosthesis was loose fitting. Roentgenograms performed postoperatively and at 3 months were graded for new (i.e., not present on the immediate postoperative radiograph) radiolucent lines. At 3 months, the tissue adjacent to the implant was harvested sterilely and cultured over a 3-day period; the tissues and culture supernatants were then assayed for total protein, DNA content, and lysosomal enzyme activity (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and β-glucuronidase). The mean cumulative grading of new lucent lines was 0.4 ± 0.3 (mean ± standard error) for the well-fixe...
Realistic Fault Modeling for VLSI Testing

Functional failures of VLSI circuits are caused by process-induced defects. Such defects have very complex physical characteristics and may be significantly different from the simplistic defect models assumed by typical fault modeling techniques. In the tutorial an overview of the actual mechanisms causing processing defects, and the defects' electrical manifestations will be discussed. It will be demonstrated that inadequate insight into the physics of processing defects and the manufacturing process may lead to inefficient testing of actual VLSI circuits.
Potentiation of the toxicity of basic peptides from rattlesnake venoms by sodium acetate.

The potentiating effect of sodium acetate on the toxicity of crotamine from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, E toxin from Crotalus horridus horridus venom, and myotoxin a from Crotalus viridus viridis venom was examined. Subcutaneous injection of 6.3 mg/kg body weight of either crotamine or E toxin in 0.6 ml of water or myotoxin a in 0.6 ml of 0.05 M Tris/0.1 M NaCl buffer, pH 9.0, failed to produce lethality in mice. Injection of either E toxin or crotamine at doses of 4.0 mg/kg in 0.6 ml of 20 mM phosphate, pH 7.2, containing 1 M sodium chloride also failed to produce lethality. However, when any of the toxins were injected in 0.4 ml of 1 M sodium acetate, pH 7.0, lethality was observed. LD50 values of 1.43 mg/kg for E toxin, 1.39 mg/kg for crotamine and 0.56 mg/kg for myotoxin a were determined under these conditions. Lethality was also observed when either sodium propionate or sodium butyrate was used as a carrier for E toxin. The effect of these two buffers on crotamine and myotoxin a was not examined. Injection of E toxin s.c. in water followed at various time intervals with i.p. injections of 1 M sodium acetate produced lethality, even when the acetate was injected up to 4 hr after the toxin challenge.
Influence of race and socioeconomic status on the diagnosis of child abuse: a randomized study

Objectives To measure empirically the influence of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on the diagnosis of child abuse and willingness to report to child protection services. Study design A total of 5000 pediatricians randomly selected from the American Medical Association's Masterfile received 1 of 4 randomly assigned versions of a fictional clinical presentation of a child (black/white + high SES/low SES) that described an unwitnessed event in a mobile 18-month-old child resulting in an oblique femur fracture. Outcome measures included ranking the degree to which the injury was accidental versus abuse and agreement with reporting the injury to child protection services. Results A total of 2109 of 4423 physicians responded (47.7%). Patient's race did not have an effect on a diagnosis of abuse (black, 45% versus white, 46%). Abuse was more likely to be diagnosed in patients with low SES (48% versus 43%, overall P = .02). Conclusion This study supports earlier work demonstrating physicians' greater willingness to consider abuse as a potential cause of injury in low SES children. It failed to demonstrate the finding of retrospective, real world studies of an increased likelihood to consider abuse in black patients. Future work should try to understand why there remains a differential approach to evaluating minority children for abuse in real world settings.
Small-Scale Cosmic Microwave Background Observations at 8.4 GHz

We have used the Very Large Array (VLA) of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at 8.44 GHz to image a ~40 arcmin2 field with an uprecedented rms sensitivity of 1.5 μJy. After correcting for the effects of discrete foreground radio sources, we examined this most sensitive microwave image of the sky for fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CBR). At the 6'' resolution of our VLA map, ΔT/T ≈ (0.7 ± 0.8) × 10-4, with an upper limit of 1.3 × 10-4 at 95% confidence. At 1' resolution, we measure a fluctuation amplitude of ΔT/T = (1.2 ± 1.4) × 10-5. We also report on our observations of the linear and circular polarization of the CBR for which we derive upper limits (at 95% confidence) of ΔT/T ≤ 1.1 × 10-5 and ΔT/T ≤ 1.6 × 10-5, respectively, on an angular scale of 1'.
Study of Parylene-C Thin Film Deposited on Flat Substrates

This work aims to enhance the surface wettability and adhesion of Parylene-C (poly-chloro-p-xylylene C) thin film on PMMA, glass and aluminum substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The results show that: (1) 0.56, 1, and 1.55g Parylene-C powders can deposit 200, 400, and 600nm films, respectively. (2) After oxygen-plasma pretreatment, the surface roughness of the 200nm-thickness film on glass substrate specimens decreases from 18nm to 7nm. (3) After dipped in prescription solution pretreatment, the residual stress reduces from 107MPa to 64MPa on glass substrate specimens. (4) In contact angle tests, the 600nm-thickness film on various flat substrates deposited process that has surface hydrophobic. (5) The critical load of 600nm-thickness film increases from 14.1 to 18.5mN, showing the substrate after dipped in prescription solution pretreatment can improve the adhesion of the Parylene-C thin film on flat glass substrate specimens.
A feasibility study of stripline-fed slots arranged as a planar array with circular grid and circular boundary

An experimental study of the self-impedance of stripline-fed slots has been undertaken, with slot length and slot offset relative to the strip as parameters. The slot is cut in one wall of a parallel plate waveguide, and locally a cylindrical cavity is created around the slot by two rho =constant walls and two phi =constant walls. Such cavities can be used as modules to build a circular-grid planar array. Anticipating a corporate feed, it is demonstrated that sufficient dynamic range in the self-impedance to overcome the effects of mutual coupling is achievable, thereby opening up the prospect of an efficient circular-grid array for seeker antenna applications that require good sum and difference patterns. >
LOCATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS FOR PUBLICLY OWNED RESIDENTIAL LAND

. Perturbation and matched asymptotic expansion methods are shown to be useful to the study of land economics. In the context of residential land management theory, the present study complements a previous analysis of locational equilibrium economic models for residential land in Wan [1977] and extends it beyond absentee ownership to include public ownership and mixed ownership. The dependence of the optimal uniform household utility on the (radial) distribution of land fraction for housing space is delineated.
Males Shorten the Life Span of C. elegans Hermaphrodites via Secreted Compounds

How an individual's longevity is affected by the opposite sex is still largely unclear. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the presence of males accelerated aging and shortened the life span of individuals of the opposite sex (hermaphrodites), including long-lived or sterile hermaphrodites. The male-induced demise could occur without mating and required only exposure of hermaphrodites to medium in which males were once present. Such communication through pheromones or other diffusible substances points to a nonindividual autonomous mode of aging regulation. The male-induced demise also occurred in other species of nematodes, suggesting an evolutionary conserved process whereby males may induce the disposal of the opposite sex to save resources for the next generation or to prevent competition from other males.
Doubly rotated resonators for sensing the properties of liquids

When a doubly rotated resonator is operated in a liquid, the displacement of the surface is partly out of the plane of the plate of the resonator. The out-of-plane component of the displacement propagates a damped compressional wave into the liquid, while the in-plane component propagates a damped shear wave. In this paper, we report the measurements of the series resonant frequency and the motional arm resistance of doubly rotated quartz resonators (/spl theta//spl ap/35/spl deg/ and /spl phi/=7/spl deg/) in liquids to compare with singly rotated AT-cut resonators (/spl theta//spl ap/35/spl deg/ and /spl phi/=0/spl deg/). A modified Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) equivalent circuit model is suggested to analyze doubly rotated cut resonators under liquid loading.
Debris slide hazards in the Adirondack Province of New York state

More than 400 debris slide scars have been identified in the Adirondack Province through aerial photographic interpretation. Debris slides are concentrated in the high relief, east-central portion of the province, although some isolated scars occur in the north and southwest.
Solid/free-surface juncture boundary layer and wake

The Reynolds-averaged flow for a solid/free-surface juncture boundary layer and wake is documented. The three mean-velocity components and five of the Reynolds stresses are measured for a surface-piercing flat plate in a towing tank using a laser-Doppler velocimeter system for both boundary-layer and wake planes in regions close to the free surface. The experimental method is described, including the foil-plate model, laser-Doppler velocimeter system, conditions, and uncertainty analysis. The underlying flow data is in excellent agreement with benchmark data. Inner (near the plate and wake centerplane and below the free surface) and outer (near the free surface) regions of high streamwise vorticity of opposite sign are observed, which transport, respectively, high mean velocity and low turbulence from the outer to the inner and low mean velocity and high turbulence from the inner to the outer portions of the boundary layer and wake. For the wake, the inner region of vorticity is relatively weak. The physical mechanism for the streamwise vorticity is analyzed with regard to the Reynolds-averaged streamwise vorticity equation. The anisotropy of the crossplane normal Reynolds stresses closely correlates with the vorticity and, additionally, indicates similarity, i.e., its nature is such that it only depends on the proximity to the plate and free surface boundaries or wake centerplane symmetry plane. Free-surface effects on the Reynolds stresses are analyzed with regard to the behavior close to the free surface of the turbulent kinetic energy and the normal components of the anisotropy tensor and the anisotropy invariants. Close to the free surface, the turbulent kinetic energy is nearly constant and increases for the inner and outer portions, respectively, of the boundary layer and wake and the normal components of the anisotropy tensor and the anisotropy invariants roughly correspond to the limiting values for two-component turbulence. The similarities and differences between the present results and analysis with those from related studies are discussed. The data and analysis should have practical application with regard to the development of turbulence models for computational fluid dynamics methods for the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations.
Linkage studies of schizophrenia

The study of schizophrenia genetics has revealed much about the disease but none of the essential secrets of its etiology, so far, for numerous reasons. First, schizophrenia is a complex trait, influenced by both genes and environment. Second, it appears to be a highly heterogeneous disease, with locus and allelic heterogeneity both between and within families likely. Third, since it is common, it is likely that the genetic liability variants are common, and so are found with relatively high frequency in the general population. Fourth, linkage methods, which deliver rapid coverage of the genome, have great power to identify single genes causing Mendelian disorders but are poorly suited to the genetic architecture of complex traits. Although association methods are undeniably more powerful in such situations, affordable technologies to deliver the much higher density whole genome coverage required are not yet available and candidate gene studies of schizophrenia have not produced robust and replicable results. In spite of these limitations, there are now sufficient data to support several conclusions.Numerous regions of the human genome give consistent, though by no means unanimous,support for linkage. The precise nature of these signals is not yet understood,and power to position the effects is poor, but metanalyses show the co-occurrence is unlikely to be due to chance. Combined approaches utilizing linkage for rapid genome coverage and association for fine-scale follow-up have identified several promising candidate genes. Although the definition of replication in a complex trait is itself complex, a number of these candidates have been supported by numerous studies. These converging lines of evidence suggest that the genetics of schizophrenia, long considered a most intractable problem, are at last beginning to be unraveled.
Solid-phase synthesis of benzimidazoles

Abstract A readily automated solid-phase approach to the synthesis of diverse benzimidazoles is described. The procedure utilizes polymer supported 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid and a wide range of commercially available amines and aldehydes. The key heterocyclization step is achieved under mild conditions and was found to be general for a large number of diverse inputs.
Imatinib: Paradigm or Anomaly?

The introduction of imatinib (Gleevec, Glivec, formerly STI571), an agent targeting the causative molecular event in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been heralded as a major advance in the treatment of cancer. Certainly, the clinical trials with imatinib have validated the concept that a precise understanding of the pathogenesis of a cancer can lead to more effective and less toxic therapies. Despite the success of imatinib, there remains much skepticism that this paradigm will be applicable to more complicated solid tumors. Whether this skepticism is appropriately deserved will be discussed.
Sesquiterpenes in leaf pocket resins of Copaifera species

Abstract Four sesquiterpene leaf resin components were isolated and identified from Copaifera leaf resin. Additional GC and mass spectrometric evidence support the close similarity of Copaifera leaf pocket resin composition with that of the related genus, Hymenaea .
Establishment of equilibrium between clays and sea water

Kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite were reacted with silica-spiked natural and artificial sea water to demonstrate the effect of prologed grinding of the clay, pH, and dissolved silica concentration. Grinding greatly increases the reactivity to that the extent of reaction is appreciable after one week. Clays dissolve at low pH and low dissolved silica concentrations but will combine with alkalies and silica at higher pH and higher dissolved silica concentrations, presumably forming a more siliceous, more alkaline clay. Equilibrium pH and silica concentration can be bracketed from initial reactions in this way.
Portal vein reflectors: Duplex sonographic appearance

Duplex sonography has established utility in the noninvasive evaluation of the portal venous system. Recently, the duplex sonographic features of suspected portal venous air have been described. We report on an experimental study in dogs undertaken to establish if the same sonographic features could be reproduced in a laboratory setting and to determine if small fragments of clot emboli could produce similar gray-scale and Doppler findings. Injections of microbubbles of air and clot fragments into the portal venous system were monitored using duplex ultrasound. The gray-scale and Doppler features of flow in the main portal vein were indistinguishable in both microbubble and clot injections. Superimposition of high-amplitude spikes on the normal portal venous waveform was seen in 19 of 24 (79%) microbubble and 13 of 23 (56%) clot fragment injections. We conclude that the appearance of rapidly moving, bright intraluminal echoes coupled with spike-like aberrations of the portal venous waveform can be associated with portal venous air bubbles or small blood clot emboli.