cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Film Flow Along a Vertical Cylinder

A mathematical procedure is presented for the case of flow of a thin liquid film along the wall of a vertical cylinder. Surface tension forces are neglected. The velocity function is assumed to be a polynomial. The Navier-Stokes equation is combined with continuity and integrated to give an expression for film thickness as a function of position in the accelerated region of flow. In the limiting condition, an expression is given for the case of uniform flow along the walls of a vertical cylinder. The results are expressed in terms of a Reynolds number and a Froude number. A digital computer was used to indicate the variation of film thickness for several Reynolds number and Froude number combinations. The analysis provides a better understanding of the type of film flow that generally occurs in trickling filters and is often found in chemical process packing towers.
Rural Counties With Majority Black Or Indigenous Populations Suffer The Highest Rates Of Premature Death In The US

Despite well-documented health disparities by rurality and race/ethnicity, research investigating racial/ethnic health differences among US rural residents is limited. We used county-level data to measure and compare premature death rates in rural counties by each county's majority racial/ethnic group. Premature death rates were significantly higher in rural counties with a majority of non-Hispanic black or American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) residents than in rural counties with a majority of non-Hispanic white residents. After we adjusted for community-level covariates, differences in premature death remained significant in counties with a majority of AI/AN residents but not those with a majority of non-Hispanic black residents. This study highlights the particular vulnerability of non-Hispanic black and AI/AN rural communities to high rates of premature mortality. Policies to improve rural health should focus on these racially diverse communities, addressing economic vitality and current and historical political context to mitigate health inequities and the harmful health effects of neglecting social determinants of health.
High molecular weight kininogen contributes to early mortality and kidney dysfunction in a mouse model of sickle cell disease.

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, chronic inflammation, and activation of coagulation. The clinical complications such as painful crisis, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, nephropathy and venous thromboembolism lead to cumulative organ damage and premature death. High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is a central cofactor for the kallikrein-kinin and intrinsic coagulation pathways, which contributes to both coagulation and inflammation. Objective We hypothesize that HK contributes to the hypercoagulable and pro-inflammatory state that causes end-organ damage and early mortality in sickle mice. Methods We evaluated the role of HK in the Townes mouse model of SCD. Results/conclusions We found elevated plasma levels of cleaved HK in sickle patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting ongoing HK activation in SCD. We used bone marrow transplantation to generate wild type and sickle cell mice on a HK-deficient background. We found that short-term HK deficiency attenuated thrombin generation and inflammation in sickle mice at steady state, which was independent of bradykinin signaling. Moreover, long-term HK deficiency attenuates kidney injury, reduces chronic inflammation, and ultimately improves of sickle mice.
Variation across police response models for handling encounters with people with mental illnesses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to synthesize previous empirical research that examined the outcomes of police response models (PRMs) for handling people with mental illness (PWMI). Methods The current study utilized a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess outcomes of all PRMs documented in the available scholarly literature. Results Findings from the meta-analysis revealed that the three main types of PRMs noted in the scholarly literature (e.g., the CIT, co-response models, and other models with reduced training hours) were effective in improving “self-reported changes in officer perception” or “self-reported changes in PWMI perception” outcomes (e.g., attitudes toward PWMI and perceived procedural justice of PWMI) related to police encounters with the mentally ill. However, the PRMs seemed to have little impact on official, “observed officer behavior” outcomes, including reducing arrests and excessive use-of-force. Conclusions PRMs offer a moderately effective solution for processing incidents with PWMI, although the effects of PRMs are different depending on the model implemented and the outcome measures considered.
A 170 MHz to 330 MHz Wideband 90 nm CMOS RC–CR Phase Shifter with Integrated On-Line Amplitude Locked Loop Calibration for Hartley Image Rejection Transceiver

A 160 MHz bandwidth 90° active RC–CR phase shifter with integrated on-line amplitude locked loop (ALL) calibration targeted to 802.11ac 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented in this paper. The quadrature phase shifter is a key component for transceivers employing the Hartley image rejection architecture. The passive RC–CR phase shifter generates the required two quadrature outputs with an accurate 90° phase shift over the required bandwidth but lack the required accuracy in amplitude matching. A 90 nm CMOS microelectronic implementation of an RC–CR phase shifter is proposed with active resistors that are adjusted by an integrated on-line ALL calibration system to maintain matching amplitudes of the quadrature outputs over the required bandwidth. The on-line ALL calibration system employs peak detectors, comparators, digital logic control, and charge pump to incrementally adjust the active resistors while converging to matched amplitudes similar to the operation of phase-locked loop with a phase-frequency detector and charge pump. The resulting 90 nm implementation supports − 40db to − 70db image rejection ratios (IMMRs) over the IF 170 MHz to 330 MHz bandwidth. The 90 nm CMOS implementation is fully functional considering process variations based on 200 Monte Carlo simulations.
Risk factors for cooking-related burn injuries in children, WHO Global Burn Registry.

Objective To assess the characteristics of cooking-related burn injuries in children reported to the World Health Organization Global Burn Registry. Methods On 1 February 2021, we downloaded data from the Global Burn Registry on demographic and clinical characteristics of patients younger than 19 years. We performed multivariate regressions to identify risk factors predictive of mortality and total body surface area affected by burns. Findings Of the 2957 paediatric patients with burn injuries, 974 involved cooking (32.9%). More burns occurred in boys (532 patients; 54.6%) than in girls, and in children 2 years and younger (489 patients; 50.2%). Accidental contact and liquefied petroleum caused most burn injuries (729 patients; 74.8% and 293 patients; 30.1%, respectively). Burn contact by explosions (odds ratio, OR: 2.8; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.4-5.7) or fires in the cooking area (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3-6.8), as well as the cooking fuels wood (OR: 2.2; 95 CI%: 1.3-3.4), kerosene (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0-3.6) or natural gas (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.2) were associated with larger body surface area affected. Mortality was associated with explosions (OR: 7.5; 95% CI: 2.2-25.9) and fires in the cooking area (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 1.9-25.7), charcoal (OR: 4.6; 95% CI: 2.0-10.5), kerosene (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4-10.8), natural gas (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.5-6.1) or wood (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1-7.1). Conclusion Preventive interventions directed against explosions, fires in cooking areas and hazardous cooking fuels should be implemented to reduce morbidity and mortality from cooking-related burn injuries.
Young’s Two-Slit Experiment Without a Laser

The Young’s two-slits experiment is arguably one of the most famous and beautiful experiments in physics. In introductory physics labs the experiment is almost exclusively carried out using a laser, and it is introduced this way in some introductory physics textbooks. In the case of laser illumination, light passes directly through the slits and spreads out by diffraction so that interference fringes can be viewed on a distant screen. Most students, in our experience, are unaware that the experiment can be carried out in any other way. But the laser approach depends on the remarkable light emitted by the laser: it is spatially coherent, meaning that the phase relationship between the light emitted from the slits is constant, and it is extremely bright, meaning that real interference fringes can be seen on the screen. When carried out with classical, incoherent light, a quasi-monochromatic source such a sodium lamp must first be rendered spatially coherent by focusing the light through a pinhole and then using this light to illuminate the two slits. Fringe patterns will certainly be formed, but they need to be observed by either viewing with an eyepiece or allowing them to fall directly on the photosensor of a camera. It is implied in other physics texts that the fringe pattern can be cast onto a screen and viewed, but this is not feasible because the fringes are just not bright enough. Here we report an arrangement where an extended incoherent source can be used and fringes made bright enough to be observed on a screen.
How to Avoid "Unenlightened Sorrow": A Statistical Analysis of Plain Remarriage

This article is a basic quantitative analysis of widowhood and remarriage trends among several Plain churches. When compared to past studies of similar topics, a remarkable consistency of findings across both time and sect can be identified. Bereaved Plain spouses have largely experienced widowhood along separate gender-specific paths, in data sets ranging from 1730 to 2019 and from relatively liberal to traditional communities. Positing that much of Amish and Amish Mennonite society is designed to socialize and retain children, this article offers opportunities for deeper study of the parental roles undergirding that society. The primary research suggestions include spousal function in the context of family life, the various factors influencing the health of bereaved spouses, and the "marriage squeeze" present in many churches. The central data sets used in this study were collected from the 2019 edition of the Amish Mennonite Directory and the 2015 Church Directory of the Lancaster County Amish and Outlying Daughter Settlements . These reference books were sampled on a one-in-five and one-in-three basis, respectively. The resultant widowhood cases were contextualized by widowhood cases from studies by Elmer Lewis Smith and researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
Pith width, leaf size, and twig thickness

PREMISE To support large leaves, many woody plant species evolved a cost-effective way to thicken twigs. As an extension of E. J. H. Corner's rule that twig diameter increases with leaf size, we hypothesized that pith width also increases with leaf size. The benefit to the plant from the proposed relationship is that pith is a low-cost tissue that reduces the metabolic cost of large diameter twig production. METHODS Leaf sizes and cross-sectional areas of bark, xylem, and pith of 81 species of trees and shrubs growing in Gainesville, Florida were measured and compared with standardized major axis regressions of pairwise species trait values and phylogenetically independent contrasts. RESULTS Pith area increases with leaf size with or without accounting for phylogenetic relationships. In agreement with Corner's rule, overall twig diameter as well as bark and wood thickness also increase with leaf size. Thicker twigs showed more variation in relative pith, wood, and bark cross-sectional areas compared to thinner twigs. CONCLUSIONS Investments in pith, a tissue of low density found in the centers of twigs, provides a low-cost way to increase twig circumference and thereby space for attachment of large leaves while increasing the overall second moment of area of twigs, which increases their ability to biomechanically support large leaves.
Nilpotent Approximations and Optimal Trajectories

The paper is concerned with the Taylor expansion of trajectories of the system ẋ = Σ f i (x)u i in terms of iterated integrals of the controls. Formulas are derived for the approximation of tangent and cotangent vectors and of their high order time derivatives, together with directional error estimates. These results are relevant for the analysis of local optimization problems, using high order nilpotent approximations.
Low-Cost Microdevices for Point-of-Care Testing

Microdevices enable clinical diagnostics to be miniaturized for use at the point-of-care (POC). Microdevices can be composed of microfilters, microchannels, microarrays, micropumps, microvalves, and microelectronics, and these mechanical and electrical components can be integrated onto chips to analyze and control biological objects at the microscale. The miniaturization of diagnostic tests offers many advantages over centralized laboratory testing, such as small reagent volumes, rapid analysis, small size, low power consumption, parallel analysis, and functional integration of multiple devices. Here, we review work on the development of microdevices to diagnose disease at POC settings.
Transitioning Students with Physical and Multiple Disabilities to Supported Employment

Until recent years the primary responsibility for the vocational preparation and employment of persons with significant disabilities rested with the adult service system. After leaving school, these students typically entered a rehabilitation facility which provided them with skill training intended to prepare them for competitive employment. Today, the supported employment model of service delivery for people with significant disabilities is being adopted by rehabilitation programs. Using this approach, these agencies have shifted their focus from preparation to the establishment of employment opportunities for persons given the skills and abilities with which they come to the program. 1,2 Within the supported employment model, school programs are expected to playa much greater role in both the vocational preparation and employment of students. 3,4 Schools must assume major responsibility for teaching students those joband job-related skills that will permit them to work as independently and productively as possible. In addition, the school program is responsible for ensuring that a student is employed before or soon after departing school and that the supports the student will require to maintain the job are in place. Much attention has been given to identifying effective vocational preparation and employment strategies for individuals with disabilities. However, the focus of these efforts has been on students who experience cognitive disabilities; little attention has been given to the unique vocational preparation and employment challenges posed by students who experience physical and multiple disabilities, such as Angel and Kelly. 5,6 Angel experiences cerebral palsy and moderate cognitive disabilities (i.e., mental retardation). She is unable to read and has only limited number skills (counting and number recognition). She has no functional use of her left hand, but some use of her right hand. She uses a power wheelchair to drive long distances and a manual chair for short distances. She is able to speak, although in a slow and labored fashion. Angel has been employed as a clerical assistant at a credit union for approximately two years, beginning the job in her last year of school. Kelly also experiences cerebral palsy, moderate cognitive disabilities, and very limited academic skills. He has little functional use of both hands and uses a power chair for mobility. He is able to speak, but is difficult to understand. Kelly has been employed by a deli as a sandwich delivery person for three years, ajob created for him before he completed school. Angel and Kelly are two students who participated in a project called the Oregon Transition to Employment Project (OTEP), the purpose of which was to identify and put into practice strategies that districts can use to assist
Chemiluminescence of nitric oxide

Measurements of the intensities of the delta and gamma bands of nitric oxide in the nighttime terrestrial thermosphere are presented and used to infer the rate coefficient for the transition from the C 2 Pi to the A 2 Sigma + states. The nightglow spectrum was observed between 1900 and 2300 A at a resolution of 15 A by a rocket-borne scanning 1/4-m spectrometer pointing north at an apogee of 150 km. Progressions of the delta, gamma and epsilon bands are identified on the spectra by the construction of synthetic spectra, and the contributions of resonance fluorescence to the total band intensities are calculated. Finally, the ratio of the sum of the gamma bands for v-prime = 0 to the sum of the delta bands for v-prime = 0 is used to derive a branching ratio of 0.21 + or - 0.04 to the A 2 Sigma + state, which yields a probability for the C-A transition of 5.6 + or - 1.5 x to the 6th/sec.
Estimate of Orbiter static aeroelasticity properties via FLEXSTAB

The theory underlying the use of rigid-model experimental data in FLEXSTAB aeroelasticity calculations is summarized. A description is given of the aerodynamic and structural models used in the calculation of Space Shuttle Orbiter aeroelasticity properties during the re-entry phase. Experience gained with the use of pressure, nonlinear force and moment, and area-ratio correction methods in the Orbiter application is described and typical program output data are included. The inability of the program to correctly estimate differential control surface pressures and to accept external corrections for these terms is shown to be a major limitation in the Orbiter application.
Estate Tax Repeal: Historical Data Indicate Philanthropy May Suffer

Complete repeal of the federal estate tax is scheduled to take effect for a one year window during 2010. But what if the estate tax is repealed permanently? What effect would that have on testamentary charitable gifts from those who are no longer subject to the tax? Some planners suggest that with more to give, people might give more. Others argue that in the absence of a tax incentive, people will give less. In this article, Chapman University law professor Frank J. Doti examines the historical data to suggest an answer.
The Dynamics of Conservation Financing

Abstract The central question for this paper is whether land managers in Panama might protect or restore forests on their lands in response to the market for the existence value of biodiversity. Conservation financing provided by non-Panamanian sources is used as a proxy for investigating the nature of the market for the existence value of biodiversity. Debt-for-nature swaps and environmental trust funds, such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF), provide examples of demand in this market. This paper examines trends and policies that could change the cost of supplying biodiversity protection and factors that could improve or undermine demand for the existence value of biodiversity. If ecological restoration receives as much support within the conservation community as protection of pristine areas has in the past, then demand in this market is likely to remain strong. The largest challenge for this market will be shifting to the provision of biodiversity conservation by private landowners rather than s...
Soil ecosystem properties, microbial diversity, and ecosystem assessments

Publisher Summary General measures of soil microbial diversity—phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and metabolic diversity (as determined by the BIOLOG procedure)—have been shown in the chapter to be useful in characterization and differentiation of ecosystem microbial populations, both in native and managed soils. These general indicators are sensitive, easily applied techniques that are useful in assessing microbial community status and development in a wide range of soils and soil-like materials. Although reproducible “fingerprints” characteristic of specific soil systems result from these analyses, the direct relationship of specific metabolic activities or occurrence of specific fatty acids in the assay procedures to actual field situations has been questioned. Therefore, primary concerns for application of metabolic diversity and phospholipid fatty acid analyses to study of native soil systems needs to clarify the relationship between the laboratory derived data and the nature of the processes occurring in the field and the delineation of reasonable boundaries for data interpretation.
High-performance SiGe pMODFETs grown by UHV-CVD

The fabrication and characterization of 0.1 /spl mu/m-gate-length SiGe pMODFETs fabricated on UHV-CVD-grown heterostructures with various novel layer structure configurations are reported. We have fabricated Ge-Si/sub 0.4/Ge/sub 0.6/ pMODFETs with peak extrinsic transconductance (g/sub max/) values as high as 488 mS/mm at room temperature. These devices also displayed a unity current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 42 GHz and maximum frequency of oscillation (f/sub max/) of 86 GHz. We have also investigated the performance of Si/sub 0.2/Ge/sub 0.8/-Si/sub 0.7/Ge/sub 0.3/ pMODFETs on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrates. These devices exhibited DC transconductances as high as g/sub max/=377 mS/mm, and had values of f/sub T/=49 GHz and f/sub max/=95 GHz. The first high-frequency noise characterization of SiGe MODFETs has also been performed. Si/sub 0.2/Ge/sub 0.8/-Si/sub 0.65/Ge/sub 0.35/ pMODFETs grown on high-p Si substrates produced minimum noise figures of 1.1 dB (2.9 dB) with an associated gain (G/sub a/) of 18 dB (7.6 dB) at 3 GHz (18 GHz).
Introduction to the Special Issue: Considerations of the Effects of Extra-Symptom Variables Among Youth With Chronic Tic Disorders and Tourette’s Syndrome

The purpose of this special issue is to highlight and discuss individual and family factors that contribute to tic severity and impairment as well as the clinical implications of such factors among youth with chronic tic disorders (CTDs). Within the issue, authors discuss topics such as internalizing and externalizing comorbidity, tic behavior functions, caregiver strain, psychosocial implications in peer settings, quality of life, and cultural considerations of treatment. This introduction highlights the importance of each article within and provides a discussions of the implications of the included articles.
Antagonism of Lactic Streptococci Toward Staphylococcus aureus in Associative Milk Cultures

The inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus by lactic streptococci in associative cultures in milk was not due to hydrogen peroxide produced by the streptococci. Dialyzed whey from the milk culture of lactic streptococci was more inhibitory than dialyzed whey from milk acidified with lactic acid, indicating that material other than lactate was also involved. Analyses of cation and anion exchange fractions from the dialyzed whey showed that only the neutral fraction was inhibitory.
Tn916-generated, lipooligosaccharide mutants of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A library of Tn916-generated, tetracycline-resistant (Tc) mutants of the group B Neisseri meningitidis strain NMB was screened by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize structural differences in neisserial lipooligosaccharide (LOS). The LOS of parental strain NMB had a relative molecular mass of 4.5 kDa, reacted with MAbs 3F11 and 6B4 but not with MAb 4C4 or 6E4, and contained a lacto-N-neotetrose unit. Two phenotypically stable mutants, SS3 and R6, altered in LOS, were identified by colony immunoblots, electrophoresis, and Western immunoblots. The LOS of mutant SS3 was 3.4 kDa and reacted with MAbs 4C4 and 6E4 but not MAb 3E11 or 6B4. The LOS of mutant R6 was 3.1 to 3.2 kDa and reacted with MAb 6E4 but not MAb 3F11, 6B4, or 4C4. Thus, the LOSs of the R6 and SS3 mutants were predicted to contain different truncations of the core oligosaccharide. The LOS phenotype of each mutant was linked to Tc(r), as determined by transformation of the parent strain with DNA from the mutant. Southern hybridizations and single-specific-primer PCR revealed in each mutant a single truncated tn916 insertion which had lost genes required for mobilization. Tn916 mutagenesis was used to identify two distinct genetic sites in the meningococcal chromosome involved in biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide chain of LOS and to create genetically defined LOS mutants of N. meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Contraceptive efficacy of norethindrone encapsulated in injectable biodegradable poly-dl-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres (NET-90): phase III clinical study.

Safety contraceptive efficacy and acceptability of norethindrone encapsulated in biodegradable poly-dl-lactide-co-glycolide injectable microspheres (NET-90) was evaluated for 12 months in 100 women. 51 volunteers received 65 mg and 49 received 100 mg of NET-90 at 3-month intervals intramuscularly in the gluteal region. The mean NET levels at 3-month intervals for the 65 and 100 mg groups were respectively 0.32 +or- 0.16 ng/ml and 0.49 +or- 0.25 ng/ml. No local or systemic side effects were observed in either group. Body weight blood pressure and laboratory parameters namely hemoglobin hematocrit lipid profile sequential multichannel autoanalyzer computer profiles (SMAC) as well as PAP smear remained within normal limits throughout the study in both groups. There was no pregnancy in the 65 mg group; however one volunteer became pregnant in the 100 mg group. In the 65 mg group 52.9% of menstrual cycles were normal 34.5% were amenorrheic and 12.6% showed prolonged bleeding. In the 100 mg group 40.6% of the cycles were normal 52.3% were amenorrheic and 7.1% had episodes of prolonged bleeding. A total of 40.3% and 36.6% of the cycles showed increased spotting in the 65 and 100 mg group respectively. The authors observations indicate that NET-90 microsphere injectables can provide a safe efficacious and acceptable method of contraception. (authors)
A method to vectorize the dose distribution, the dose volume histogram and create a dose vector histogram.

Purpose: This paper outlines and demonstrates a programmatic method to incorporate spatial information into a dose volume histogram (DVH) by adding vector data on the location of pixels in the dose array relative to structures in the plan to construct a vectorized dose distribution (VDD). With this data the DVH can be subgrouped according to a wide array of vector constraint sets, defining the spatial relationship of pixels to one or several structures to construct a vectorized DVH (VDVH) to reveal vector relationships of dose regions to structures. Methods: Mathematical models for construction of the VDD and VDVH are described and a dose-vector-histogram (DVctH) is introduced as a means of specifying the location of dose features such as “hot spots.” Practical detail on a programmatic approach to implement the methods is provided. A set of tests utilizing phantom and SBRT lung image sets were carried out to demonstrate ability of VDVH and DVctH to reveal clinically relevant spatial detail in dose distributions. Results: The VDVH and DVctH enabled decomposing DVH curves to reveal the relative location of pixels contributing to dose points on the curve. The metrics enabled specificity in defining the location and magnitude of dose features relevant to treatment plan evaluation. The VDD, VDVH, and DVctH differ from other methods described in the literature as a result of using vector based constraints for each pixel, rather than focusing only on distance by construction of a set of shells on around or within a structure and then subgrouping pixels in the overlap region. Conclusions: The method is an effective means to combine spatial information with DVH metrics and provides a practical means of specifying the location of dose features with respect other structures in the treatment plan.
beta subunit reshuffling modifies N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channel subunit compositions in lethargic mouse brain.

Abstract Neuronal voltage-dependent Ca2+channels are heteromultimers of α1, β, and α2δ subunits, and any one of five α1subunits (α1A-E) may associate with one of four β subunits (β1–4). The specific α1-β combination assembled determines single-channel properties, while variation in the proportion of each combination contributes to the functional diversity of neurons. The mouse mutant lethargic (lh) exhibits severe neurological defects due to a mutation that deletes the α1subunit interaction domain of the β4subunit. Since β subunits regulate critical α1subunit properties in heterologous expression systems, loss of β4in lethargic could dramatically alter channel localization and behavior unless β1–3subunits can be used as substitutesin vivo.Here we demonstrate increased steady-state associations of α1Aand α1Bwith the remaining β1–3subunits, without significant changes in β1–3mRNA abundance. The immunolocalization of α1Aand α1Bprotein in lethargic brain is indistinguishable from wild-type by light microscopy. Furthermore, the measurement of large-amplitude P-type currents in dissociated lethargic Purkinje neurons indicates that these α1A-containing channels retain regulation by β subunits. We conclude that several properties of α1Aand α1Bproteins are not uniquely regulated by β4in vivoand may be rescued by β1–3subunit reshuffling. The complex neurological manifestation of the lethargic mutation therefore emerges from loss of β4coupled with the widespread pairing of surrogate β subunits with multiple Ca2+channel subtypes. The existence of β subunit reshuffling demonstrates that molecular plasticity of Ca2+channel assembly, a normal feature of early brain development, is retained in the mature brain.
Bistatic-Radar Observation of Long-Period, Directional Ocean-Wave Spectra with Loran A

Bistatic-radar scattering from medium- to long-wavelength (80 to 200 meters) ocean waves has been observed with the use of loran A (1.85 megahertz) transmissions and a receiver located 280 kilometers away. The received echoes have been converted into a time-delay, Doppler-frequency map in which the effects of anisotropies in the ocean-wave spectra are clearly shown. The distribution of the echoes in delay-Doppler space is consistent with Bragg scattering from trains of dispersed ocean waves.
Molecular nanoplasmonics: Self-consistent electrodynamics in current-carrying junctions

We consider a biased molecular junction subjected to an external time-dependent electromagnetic field. We discuss local field formation due to both surface plasmon-polariton excitations in the contacts and the molecular response. Employing realistic parameters we demonstrate that such self-consistent treatment is crucial for the proper description of the junction transport characteristics.
Effect of growth hormone replacement on development of hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia.

To determine the frequency with which hypothyroidism develops during human growth hormone therapy and to corroborate its onset with blood lipid changes, we measured growth rate, serum T 4 and T 3 , and plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein concentrations at 4-month intervals for a year in two subgroups of hGH-deficient children. The first group was initially euthyroxinemic (n=16), and the second was TSH deficient and therefore alrefore already receiving thyroxine (n=15). Basal plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and, to a lesser extent, plasma triglycerides were increased in both groups compared with an age-matched reference group. Basal plasma cholesterol levels were not statistically different in the euthyroxinemic and thyroxine-treated subgroups, and hGH treatment for a year did not lower lipid values in either subgroup. With hGH replacement, 25% of the euthyroxinemic patients experienced a slowdown in growth rate (3.2±0.7 cm/yr) associated with decreasing T 4 (4.8±1.1 μg/dl) and increased cholesterol concentrations (218±23 mg/dl); with thyroxine treatment, the growth rate improved (6.9±2.2 cm/yr), T 4 increased (10.0±4.0 μg/dl), and cholesterol decreased (173±44 mg/dl, P
Roman Catholic Health Care Identity and Mission: Does Jesus Language Matter?

This article examines the current use of Jesus language in a convenience sample of twenty-five mission statements from Roman Catholic hospitals and health care systems in the United States. Only twelve statements specifically use the words "Jesus" or "Christ" in their mission statements. The author advocates the use of explicit Jesus language and modeling. While the witness of Jesus in the Gospel healing narratives is not only the corrective to current abuses in the health care delivery system, it is foundational to the integrity of Roman Catholic health care identity and mission. An analysis of Gospel healing narratives is used to illustrate the prophetic dimension of Jesus' wisdom, word, and witness.
The value of preoperative serum CA 125 levels in patients with a pelvic mass

Serum CA 125 measurements were obtained before operation in 250 consecutive patients admitted with the diagnosis of a pelvic mass. We examined and operated on all patients. Elevated preoperative serum CA 125 levels were more predictive of malignancy in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women (0.86 vs 0.67), but normal levels did not preclude malignancy in either group. Possible limitations of routine measurement of serum CA 125 in the work-up of patients with a pelvic mass are discussed.
Challenges in confirming a varicella outbreak in the two-dose vaccine era ☆

Abstract Background A second dose of varicella vaccine was recommended for U.S. children in 2006. We investigated a suspected varicella outbreak in School District X, Texas to determine 2-dose varicella vaccine effectiveness (VE). Methods A varicella case was defined as an illness with maculopapulovesicular rash without other explanation with onset during April 1–June 10, 2011, in a School District X student. We conducted a retrospective cohort in the two schools with the majority of cases. Lesion, saliva, and environmental specimens were collected for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) PCR testing. VE was calculated using historic attack rates among unvaccinated. Results In School District X, 82 varicella cases were reported, including 60 from Schools A and B. All cases were mild, with a median of 14 lesions. All 10 clinical specimens and 58 environmental samples tested negative for VZV. Two-dose varicella vaccination coverage was 66.4% in Schools A and B. Varicella VE in affected classrooms was 80.9% (95% CI: 67.2–88.9) among 1-dose vaccinees and 94.7% (95% CI: 89.2–97.4) among 2-dose vaccinees in School A, with a second dose incremental VE of 72.1% (95% CI: 39.0–87.3). Varicella VE among School B students did not differ significantly by dose (80.1% vs. 84.2% among 1-dose and 2-dose vaccinees, respectively). Conclusion Laboratory testing could not confirm varicella as the etiology of this outbreak; clinical and epidemiologic data suggests varicella as the likely cause. Better diagnostics are needed for diagnosis of varicella in vaccinated individuals so that appropriate outbreak control measures can be implemented.
The Last Lecture: Using the Memoir of Randy Pausch to Motivate College Students

Motivating college students is challenging. Professors must be energetic, enthusiastic, and current in their field. Typically, once a college student selects a major, the motivation to be successfu...
Magnetic resonance imaging—Insights into brain injury and outcomes in premature infants

Preterm birth is a major public-health issue because of its increasing incidence combined with the frequent occurrence of subsequent behavioral, neurological, and psychiatric challenges faced by surviving infants. Approximately 10–15% of very preterm children (born < 30 weeks gestational age) develop cerebral palsy, and 30–60% of them experience cognitive impairments. These adverse outcomes are related to a confluence of abnormal brain development along with white (WM) and gray matter (GM) injury sustained during the neonatal period. It is becoming apparent that the extra-uterine environment during this critical period (24–40 weeks gestation) in brain development has a profound and long lasting impact on the premature infant. Magnetic resonance imaging in the neonatal period and infancy provides a non-invasive, ‘‘in vivo’’ assessment of brain development and extent of brain injury. This not only helps understand the extent and timing of injury but also identifies infants who may benefit from early intervention to minimize the impact of the injury. Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to (1) appreciate the diverse impact of prematurity on neurodevelopmental outcome, (2) recognize the biological vulnerability of the developing brain in premature infants born between 24 and 40 weeks of gestation, (3) understand the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool to detect abnormal development and brain injury in premature infants, and (4) see the potential role for novel MR imaging methods as biomarkers for brain development and injury in premature infants.
Outsourcing and the HR function: an examination of trends and developments within North American firms

As increased use of outsourcing by a number of firms within North American has produced significant changes over the last decade in how the human resource function delivers services. In this article, we draw on transaction cost economics, the resource-based view, the HR architecture literature, and institutional theory to examine why these changes have been observed. Following this, we use these same theoretical perspectives to examine how different types of firms are likely to make use of outsourcing in the future to provide human resource services and programmes.
Oxidative stability of cooked, frozen, reheated beef patties: effect of antioxidants.

BACKGROUND: The effect of selected antioxidants (grape seed extract (GS), oleoresin rosemary (OR), water-soluble oregano extract (WO), propyl gallate (PG), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) on sensory, color and oxidative stability of cooked, frozen, reheated ground beef patties was evaluated. Beef lean and trim were ground; antioxidants and salt were added. Patties were cooked (71 °C), overwrapped in commercial polyvinyl chloride film, and stored frozen (−18 °C), then evaluated monthly for 6 months. Flavor, odor and color were determined using a descriptive panel. Instrumental color was determined by a spectrocolorimeter. Lipid oxidation was determined using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS: After 6 months of storage, PG and GS samples had lower rancid odor scores and TBARS than controls. Control samples and those containing BHT did not differ statistically in sensory grassy or rancid odor, indicating that they were the most oxidized. TBARS correlated with grassy, rancid, cardboard and beef odors during the 6-month storage period. CONCLUSIONS: Based on TBARS, the order of effectiveness of the antioxidants was PG and GS > OR > BHA > WO and BHT > control. TBARS were well correlated with sensory evaluations of odor and flavor. Antioxidants also protected a* values during storage. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A comparative survey of proboscis morphology and associated structures in fruit-piercing, tear-feeding, and blood-feeding moths in Calpinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Functional feeding categories for adult species of Calpinae are described. Structures associated with the proboscis were examined using exemplar species in fruit-piercing, blood-feeding, and tear-feeding species using both light microscopy and SEM methods. At least three genera currently placed in Calpini, and several others in related groups lack specialized piercing structures. The proboscis of the tear-feeding species, Hemiceratoides hieroglyphica, is equipped with specialized cuticular hooks not yet observed in other tear-feeding species. Tearing hooks moveable by blood pressure are restricted to Calpini species, and little additional variation within this taxon exists, suggesting proboscis morphology may not be strongly correlated with feeding behavior (e.g., fruit piercing vs. blood feeding). A glossary of terms and character codings for proboscis structures is provided, and morphologies for all included calpine taxa are described. We discuss the taxonomic significance of proboscis morphology in Calpinae and the evolutionary implications of their associated feeding behaviors. This survey indicates morphology provides powerful prediction, but not proof of lepidopteran adult food habits.
An evaluation of effectiveness of bio-glas in molecular sieving of polypeptides in guanidine hydrochloride

Abstract The effectiveness of Bio-Glas 200 and 500 for separation and molecular weight estimation of polypeptide chains in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride was investigated. The distribution coefficients of 10 proteins after reduction and alkylation were determined. We found that the columns gave good calibration curves when pure proteins were passed individually. But the resolving power of Bio-Glas 200 and 500 in this solvent was very poor, apparently because of their high matrix volume and low inner volume.
Designing and Implementing a Consortial Approval Plan: The OhioLINK Experience

Pour pallier les lacunes de collections devenues trop homogenes, les bibliotheques membres de OhioLINK ont decide de mettre en place un plan d'agreement au niveau du consortium. L'article presente brievement les implications du plan au niveau des fournisseurs. Puis il analyse les elements pouvant constituer des obstacles aux projets collaboratifs de developpement des collections (engagement dans le projet, soutien au niveau de l'infrastructure, protectionnisme, pret/achat, rigidite de definition, questions budgetaires, consensus, turnover) avant d'en venir a ceux qui, tout au contraire, favorisent leur succes : personnes visionnaires, structures organisationnelles, participation d'un personnel approprie, accessibilite aux collections, financement exterieur. Il conclut sur les benefices qu'on peut attendre de la mise en place du plan d'agreement d'OhioLINK, ainsi que sur le caractere specifique du modele d'achat developpe par le consortium.
Roots and Their Symbiotic Microbes: Strategies to Obtain Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Nutrient-Limiting Environment

The association between Rhizobium and legumes and that between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and most land plants display a remarkable degree of similarity. Both events involve the recognition of, entrance into, and coexistence within the plant root, with the development of a specialized interface that always separates the two partners and at which nutrient exchange occurs. Molecules produced by rhizobia during the early stages of the symbiosis are related to fungal chitin, and the plant responds to both microbes with an increase in the production of flavonoids, which may assist in recognition and development of the symbioses. Many of the same plant genes are up-regulated in the two symbiotic pathways, and notably plants that are Nod− are often defective in the AM association as well. However, there are a number of differences between the associations, and these are important for understanding the relationship between the two symbioses. The Rhizobium and AM symbioses will be compared and the question of whether the nitrogen-fixing association evolved from the much more ancient AM symbiosis will be discussed.
Developmental change in identifying main ideas in picture stories

Abstract Although young children frequently have more difficulty in correctly identifying main ideas than do older children and adults, the reasons underlying this difference in performance have usually not been investigated. The present study was designed to formulate a task involving both the form and content of good main ideas, so that the development of skills used in their identification could be examined in greater detail. Four categories of main idea statements were developed from a joint theory combining research on story grammar kernels with research on summarization rules. These categories were then applied to a series of simple narratives from the WISC-R picture arrangement task. College students (Experiment 1) and 2nd, 5th, and 8th grade students (Experiment 2) examined the narratives and rank ordered the four alternatives for each story. It was found that adults confirmed the predicted ordering of the alternatives and that, with age, children improved in their identification of the best main idea statement, and developed in their ability to distinguish both between important and unimportant story elements and between superordinate and subordinate types of statements.
In Vitro Colonization of the Sheep Biting Louse, Bovicola ovis

After we had developed procedures for colonizing the goat biting lice, Bovicola crassipes (Redow) and B. limbata (Gervais), apart from their natural host (goats) (Hopkins and Chamberlain 1969), we attempted to determine whether the sheep biting louse, B. ovis (Schrank) could be similarly colonized. This pest is worldwide in its distribution (Roberts 1952), feeds on debris on the skin of sheep, and is of economic importance because the “wool of infested flocks becomes ragged and inferior in quality” (Agricultural Research Administration 1951).
Structural stability of chemically delithiated layered (1 − z)Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2–zLi[Mn0.5−yNi0.5−yCo2y]O2 solid solution cathodes

Abstract Lithium has been chemically extracted from the layered oxide solid solutions Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2–(z)Li[Mn0.5−yNi0.5−yCo2y]O2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1/2 and 0.25 ≤ z ≤ 0.75) and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The weak super lattice reflections that occur in the parent samples at around 2θ = 20–25° vanish on extracting a significant amount of lithium due to the removal of lithium from the transition metal layer and a consequent loss of the ordering between the Li+ and the transition metal ions. Additionally, the chemical delithiation process results in an incorporation of some protons from the chemical delithiation medium into the layered lattice, which has an influence on the structure of the delithiated samples. While the incorporation of a higher concentration (∼0.4 per formula unit) of protons results in the formation of O1 or P3 phases, delithiated samples with