cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhinovirus Infection in Adult Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case-Controlled Study

Purpose Community acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) occur frequently in lung transplant recipients (LTxRs). While Rhinovirus infection (RVI) is a commonly identified CARV in most series, its impact on lung allograft function and the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remains debated as most studies did not employ sensitive diagnostic tests for RVI or did not analyze the effect of individual CARVs. We sought to determine the effect of RVI on lung allograft function and BOS development in a case-controlled fashion. Methods and Materials To avoid potential confounding factors, 16 LTxRs diagnosed with RVI and no other CARV post-transplant were identified out of 457 transplants performed between 1996-2011. Demographics, symptoms, change in FEV1, co-infection at RVI event, and long term outcomes (acute rejection (AR), infections (INF), or new or progressive BOS) were compared to 16 LTxRs never diagnosed with a CARV and matched for time to event post-transplant and the indication for transplant. Results The median time to RVI was 13 months post-LTx (1-130 months). Fourteen of 16 (89%) patients had upper or lower respiratory tract (LRT) symptoms and 72% were diagnosed with LRT infection by bronchoalveolar lavage. More LTxR with COPD were diagnosed with RVI than other indications for transplant. Mean fall in FEV1 at the time of RVI was -0.09L/sec (-0.69 to +0.38) and only 4/16 (25%) experienced a decreased FEV1 >10%. This fall was transient, improving to baseline by 3 months in all RVI patients. Bacterial, fungal or CMV co-infections within 90 days of RVI did not differ from case controls (5/16 vs 3/16, p=NS). There was a statistically significant increase in AR within 90 days (11/16 vs 2/16, p=0.001). However, there was no difference in the onset or progression of BOS within 180 days (2/16 vs 3/16, p=NS). Conclusions RV is commonly detected in LTxRs. Although the majority of patients are symptomatic at the time of RVI and may be at increased risk for AR, the risk of BOS does not differ from case-matched controls.
Estimation from relative measurements: error bounds from electrical analogy

We consider the problem of estimating vector-valued variables from noisy "relative" measurements. The measurement model can be expressed in terms of a graph, whose nodes correspond to the variables being estimated and the edges to noisy measurements of the difference between the two variables associated with the corresponding nodes (i.e., their relative values). This type of measurement model appears in several sensor networks problem. We take the value of one particular variable as a reference and consider the unbiased minimum variance (UMV) estimators for the differences between the remaining variables and the reference. We establish upper and lower bounds on the estimation error variance of a node's variable as a function of the Euclidean distance in a drawing of the graph between the node and the reference one. These bounds result in a classification of graphs: civilized and dense, based on how the variance grows with distance: at a rate greater than or less than linearly, logarithmically, or bounded. In deriving these results, we establish and exploit an analogy between the UMV estimator variance and the effective resistance in a generalized electrical network that is significant on its own.
From the margins to mainstream: the political power of hip-hop

Uniquely situated at the heart of African-American youth culture, hip-hop is about music, style and voice. In many ways hip-hop is also about political action. Any discussion of hip-hop culture and rap music lends itself to examinations of rap as a means of protest among inner-city African-American youth. But the resistive benefits of rap music are not limited to its African-American listeners as can be seen by its widespread popularity among youth of all different races, classes and nationalities. As the cultural and political voice of an entire generation of youth, hip-hop has become a means of political action for its artists and fans. In addition to its prominent resistive role, political action in the hip-hop community includes political deliberation and direct uses of hip-hop to increase political awareness and to organize collaborative action.
Natural selection and fear regulation mechanisms

Expectations can facilitate rapid fear conditioning and this may explain some phenomena that have been attributed to preparedness. However, preparedness remains the best explanation for some aspects of clinical phobias and the difficulty of creating fears of modern dangers. Rapid fear conditioning based on expectancy is not an alternative to an evolutionary explanation, but has, like preparedness, been shaped by natural selection.
Polymer crowders and protein crowders act similarly on protein folding stability

Recently a polymer crowder and two protein crowders were found to have opposite effects on the folding stability of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2), suggesting that they interact differently with CI2. Here we propose that all the macromolecular crowders act similarly, with an entropic component favoring the folded state and an enthalpic component favoring the unfolded state. The net effect is destabilizing below a crossover temperature but stabilizing above it. This general trend is indeed observed in recent experiments and hints experimental temperature as a reason for the opposite crowding effects of the polymer and protein crowders.
Cross-Layer Survivability in WDM Networks with Multiple Failures

We study the survivable lightpath routing problem in the context of multiple failures. We define network metrics to quantify the resilience of lightpath routings, and propose lightpath routing algorithms to maximize network survivability.
Entering the child's mind : the clinical interview in psychological research and practice

1. The need to move beyond standardized methods 2. What is the clinical interview? Where did it come from? Why do it? 3. What happens in the clinical interview 4. Not a cookbook: guidelines for conducting a clinical interview 5. Evaluating clinical interviews: how good are they 6. Towards the future: the clinical interview and the curriculum Appendix.
Point correspondence recovery in non-rigid motion

A method for the estimation of point correspondences on a surface undergoing nonrigid motion, based on changes in Gaussian curvature, is described. An approach for estimating the point correspondences and stretching of a surface undergoing conformal motion with constant (homothetic), linear, or polynomial stretching is proposed. Small motion assumption is utilized to hypothesize all possible point correspondences. Curvature changes are then computed for each hypothesis. The difference between computed curvature changes and the one predicted by the conformal motion assumption is calculated. The hypothesis with the smallest error gives point correspondences between consecutive time frames. Simulations performed on ellipsoidal data illustrate the performance and accuracy of derived algorithms. The algorithm is applied to volumetric CT data of the left ventricle of a dog's heart. >
Investment, Capacity, and Output: A Putty-Clay Approach

In this paper, we embed the microeconomic decisions associated with investment under uncertainty, capacity utilization, and machine replacement in a general equilibrium model based on putty-clay technology. We show that the combination of log-normally distributed idiosyncratic productivity uncertainty and Leontief utilization choice yields an aggregate production function that is easily characterized in terms of hazard rates for the standard normal distribution. At low levels of idiosyncratic uncertainty, the short-run elasticity of supply is substantially lower than the elasticity of supply obtained from a fully-flexible Cobb-Douglas alternative. In the presence of irreversible factor proportions, an increase in idiosyncratic uncertainty typically reduces investment at the micro level but increases aggregate investment. Finally, we study the relationship between growth and uncertainty on aggregate capacity utilization and rates of machine replacement and investigate the factors that affect the magnitude of replacement echoes.
Investigating the Effect of Large Wind Farms on Energy in the Atmosphere

This study presents a parameterization of the interaction between wind turbines and the atmosphere and estimates the global and regional atmospheric energy losses due to such interactions. The parameterization is based on the Blade Element Momentum theory, which calculates forces on turbine blades. Should wind supply the world's energy needs, this parameterization estimates energy loss in the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere to be ~0.007%. This is an order of magnitude smaller than atmospheric energy loss from aerosol pollution and urbanization, and orders of magnitude less than the energy added to the atmosphere from doubling CO2. Also, the net heat added to the environment due to wind dissipation is much less than that added by thermal plants that the turbines displace.
Incorporating Decision-Making Concepts into LIS Education

Decision theory, or the study of how individuals make choices, is a burgeoning field of study within many disciplines: economics, computer science, psychology, and organizational theory, to name a few. However, it has been less examined in library science. The study of how library users make decisions can aid librarians in many ways, such as marketing of services, purchasing decisions, or advocacy efforts. One way to build the study of decision theory into library science would be to incorporate decision-making concepts into Library and Information Science education. This article presents an overview of decision-making concepts and explores why these ideas should be incorporated into Library and Information Science education. The article concludes with suggestions on how to best incorporate decision-making concepts into Library Information Science education.
Digital mean timers for the Straw Tube Tracking System at SDC

Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are being developed for use with the Straw Tube Tracking System at SDC. These are called digital mean timers, and can be used to accept or reject tracks based on the transverse momentum P/sub t/ of the particle. They can also be used to determine whether a pair of hits left in two tubes or sets of tubes is caused by the same particle, by summing the drift times. These devices use chains of slowed digital buffers whose propagation delay is variable through one or two control voltages. A clock lock circuit on the chip uses an external crystal controlled oscillator to develop the correct control voltage (s) for a given delay per stage. Results from the first two chip designs are presented. >
Commentary: Patient-C entered Care, the Sine Qua Non of Collaborative Medicine

Collaborative medicine requires practitioners and disciplines with varied training and philosophies to work together toward a common clinical goal. Distinct differences between the various practitioners and disciplines can serve as both opportunities for synergy and barriers to collaboration. There must be a clear and compelling reason that motivates different practitioners and disciplines to do the hard work needed to overcome barriers to collaboration. Patient-centered care is the compelling reason, the defining characteristic that must underlie all collaborative medicine efforts. The practical application of this principle is illustrated by the experience of a large health care system (Catholic Health Initiatives). From a complexity theory standpoint, patient-centered care and collaboration can be thought of as simple rules that guide desirable behaviors in a complex system. The application of these two simple rules is as relevant in the microcosm of collaborative medicine as it is in the larger macroc...
Ethanol and aloe emodin alter the p53 mutational spectrum in ultraviolet radiation–induced murine skin tumors

Mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene contribute to the development of skin cancer, and the spectrum of mutations in this gene correlates with specific physical and chemical carcinogens in the environment. Cosmetics may contain alcohols and/or aloe emodin (AE). Although these compounds are not carcinogenic when applied to the skin, they may increase the carcinogenicity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We investigated whether ethanol (EtOH) and AE alone or combined with UV radiation cause mutations in the p53 gene. In the absence of UV radiation, C3H/HeN mice chronically treated for up to 33 wk with AE in 25% EtOH-in-water vehicle or vehicle alone failed to develop tumors and had no mutations in exons 4-8 of the p53 gene. UV radiation alone induced skin tumors, which had mutations predominantly in p53 exons 5 and 8. In contrast, mutations arising in UV + EtOH-or UV + AE-treated groups were more broadly distributed throughout the p53 gene. Mutations were found in exons 4, 6, and 7, as well as in exons 5 and 8. This altered distribution of mutations across the p53 DNA sequence more closely resembles the pattern observed in TP53 from human skin tumors at sun-exposed sites than that in the p53 gene of mice treated with UV alone. Thus, treatment with UV radiation in combination with two chemicals not thought to be carcinogenic, alcohol, and AE results in a broader distribution of mutations in a critical tumor-suppressor gene.
Fast and Slow Contrast Adaptation in Retinal Circuitry

The visual system adapts to the magnitude of intensity fluctuations, and this process begins in the retina. Following the switch from a low-contrast environment to one of high contrast, ganglion cell sensitivity declines in two distinct phases: a fast change occurs in <0.1 s, and a slow decrease over ∼10 s. To examine where these modulations arise, we recorded intracellularly from every major cell type in the salamander retina. Certain bipolar and amacrine cells, and all ganglion cells, adapted to contrast. Generally, these neurons showed both fast and slow adaptation. Fast effects of a contrast increase included accelerated kinetics, decreased sensitivity, and a depolarization of the baseline membrane potential. Slow adaptation did not affect kinetics, but produced a gradual hyperpolarization. This hyperpolarization can account for slow adaptation in the spiking output of ganglion cells.
Nulling interferometric beam combiner utilizing dielectric plates: experimental results in the visible broadband

ABSTRACT The heart of TPF is the nulling beam combiner: a set of optics that combines the light from various collectingtelelscopes to produce a central destructive fringe rather than the natural constructive fringe.1 The difficult aspectof the beam combiner is to control the relative phase shifts over a broad spectral range. One method of controllingthe phase shifts to create an achromatic null utilizes dielectric plates analogous to using several glasses to make anachromatic lens.2'3 The optical thickness of two dielectric plates and air path spacing are balanced to generate aphase shift that is independent of wavelength, to a certain requirement. While it is possible to make achromaticphase shifts of 180 degrees using rotation shear, the method of dielectric plates can produce any desired achromaticphase shift, enabling numerous aperture designs for nulling telescope arrays. The phase shift can easily be changed using active control of the plates and delay line, which allows for in situ reconfiguration of the interferometric array.
Dual-Color Photon-Counting Histogram

We report on the development of dual-color photon-counting histogram (PCH) analysis. Dual-color PCH is an extension of regular PCH and considers the photon counts received in two detection channels instead of one. Because each detection channel records a different color, dual-color PCH distinguishes fluorescent species not only by differences in their brightness, but also according to their color. The additional discrimination by color increases the sensitivity of PCH in resolving a mixture of species considerably. Most dual-color fluorescence fluctuation experiments are performed on fluorophores with overlapping emission spectra. This overlap results in spectral cross talk between the detector channels, which reduces resolvability. Here, we demonstrate that dual-color PCH is able to resolve binary dye mixtures in the presence of cross talk from a single measurement without any additional information about the sample. We discuss the effect of sampling time on the fit parameters of dual-color PCH. Differences between dual-color fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dual-color PCH will also be addressed. We quantitatively resolve a mixture of the two fluorescent proteins CFP and YFP, which is challenging because of the strong spectral overlap of their emission spectra. Dichroic mirrors are needed to direct the light into the two detection channels. We quantify the influence of these filters on dual-color PCH analysis and determine the optimal transition wavelength of the dichroic mirror for the CFP-YFP pair.
Multiple Captures of Adult Prairie Voles are Correlated with Residency Status and Genetic Parentage

Examination of extensive data from field and laboratory studies indicates that prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are socially monogamous and form pair-bonds. We used grid-trapping data from replicate populations of prairie voles living in 0.1-ha small mammal enclosures at 2 different initial densities to examine the extent to which opposite-sex adults captured together in the same live trap reflected social associations established from nest-use patterns and the probability that the pair produced offspring. Females classified as a resident at a nest that also included at least 1 resident male (male–female pairs or groups) were significantly more likely to be trapped with a male from the same social unit (64%) rather than a male from another social unit or a male wanderer (an animal not considered a resident at any nest site). On the other hand, females residing at a nest with no resident males were caught with wandering males significantly more often (84%) than with resident males from another nest. Finally, female wanderers were significantly more likely to be trapped with male wanderers (75%) than with resident males. A genetic analysis of parentage revealed that females were significantly more likely to have produced offspring with the male with which they were caught most frequently (80% of females) than to not breed with these males. None of these findings were influenced by density. Overall, the multiple-capture data were consistent with social monogamy and the relative frequency of male–female multiple captures were predictive of the likelihood of mating. However, although most females residing at nests with resident males bred with these males (84%), a similar percentage of these females also bred with at least 1 male that never resided in the same social unit as the female, suggesting that prairie voles are not genetically monogamous throughout their lives.
Automated identity theft

Honeynet intruders often use Internet Relay Chat (IRC) to communicate with their peers. When they do, honeynet operators can observe social interactions among black hats, which could disclose their attack and intrusion tactics, describe their motives, or otherwise shed light on their underground activities. In one recent case, honeynet intruders exposed the existence of automated tools that support and facilitate identity theft and credit-card fraud. Members of a community who call themselves carders use these tools to defraud Internet merchants and consumers of potentially large financial sums.
Permissive Rules of Professional Conduct

This Article examines permissive rules of professional conduct - that is, rules providing that lawyers "may" engage in particular conduct - and the implications of these rules for other law governing lawyers. One might assume that, when a professional code explicitly authorizes lawyers to engage in certain behavior, the drafters normative judgment that the best way to regulate the conduct covered by the rule is to let lawyers determine how to act as a matter of individual discretion. One might also take the view that this normative judgment is worthy of respect and that other lawmakers should not encroach on the discretion accorded by the rules. This Article calls that view into question. It demonstrates that permissive aspects of the professional codes may be more limited than readily apparent and that, even when the code drafters intend to relegate issues to lawyers' discretion, their justifications for according discretion often leave room for external constraints.
Bertrand-Edgeworth Auction with Multiple Asymmetric Bidders: The Case with Demand Elasticity

In this technical note, we provide a complete proof of a theorem about the equilibrium structure in a Bertrand-Edgeworth Auction with demand elasticity. It is a companion to our full paper in B-E Auction (Hu, et al, 2010). The analysis in this note largely repeats the analysis in the original paper and is therefore not included there. As there are still sufficient differences with the original case without demand elasticity, we provide it here as an independent document for reader's convenience.
Exploring Creativity in Crowdsourcing

Where can we get good ideas with low cost? Recent researchers probably would suggest “the crowd.” Indeed, crowdsourcing has increasingly been the easiest and most inexpensive method to gain creative/innovative ideas. With the current or potential shortage of R&D resources, firms are encouraged to rely on the collective and distributed intelligence disseminated in the crowd for future competitiveness. Numerous innovation requesters have either hired a third-party information system vendor and/or designed their own websites to connect with the crowd in order to earn un(der)paid ideas. However, are the ideas snatched from the crowd radically innovative and entrepreneurial enough that they can bring surplus values to firms and/or markets?
Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Host Status of Commercial Lemon

The status of commercial California lemons, Citrus limon L., cv. Eureka and Lisbon, as a host of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was examined. Lemons were artificially exposed in cages to 7,500 adult C. capitata . Estimated populations of 515,982 eggs in 1,609 lemons resulted in only five live pupae. These few survivors are well below quarantine requirements of one survivor per 33,333. These results confirm that lemon cv. Eureka and Lisbon should not be considered a host of C. capitata .
Towards All-Optical Quantification of Ciliary Physiology

Cilia are organelles that generate microfluidic flows in the lungs, central nervous system, and Fallopian tubes. Quantitative flow diagnostic remain immature. I will present a comprehensive optical imaging-based approach for quantifying cilia flow physiology.
Morphological and Biometrical Differentiation of the Larval Instars of Mosquitoes. II. Orthopodomyia alba and O. signifera

In this second paper in a series dealing with the identification of larval instars of mosquitoes, consideration is given to measurements and observations of the second, third, and fourth instars of Orthopodomyia alba Baker and O. signifera (Coquillett). Structural characteristics useful for instar recognition are discussed, and growth-rate curves and growth-rate ratios are presented as additional evidence bearing on the mode of growth in mosquitoes.
Naturalness in Context

AbstractAccording to proponents of one influential account of metaphysical naturalness, properties fall along a spectrum from perfectly natural to highly non-natural. The perfectly natural end of the spectrum is occupied by properties that appear in the laws of nature, account for resemblance and causal powers, and ground other properties, whereas the highly non-natural properties at the spectrum’s other end are not like this at all. However, there is another phenomenon that looks very much like metaphysical naturalness but is context-dependent. I call this phenomenon context-dependent naturalness. In this paper I describe two cases in which inappropriate use is made of metaphysical naturalness and argue that in such cases, the context-dependent importance of certain properties has been confused for the context-independent importance of those properties. I argue that in order to avoid such problems we should embrace context-dependent naturalness.
Chemical reactions in indoor sources

Indoor environmental chemistry, or indoor chemistry for short, utilizes the theory and methods of chemistry to study pollutant generation, transport, transformation, and fate indoors, and to find solutions to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) problems. In the past two decades, most attention has been given to indoor air and interfacial chemistry. Although these are key research areas of indoor environmental chemistry, the latter has a much wider scope, which also covers areas such as the presence and characteristics of chemicals and their precursors in buildings and other built environments, chemical reactions in contaminant sources, indoor combustion processes, chemistry associated with indoor air and surface cleaning, chemistry of building decontaminations, interactions of chemicals with occupants, and analytical chemistry specific to indoor environments (e.g. surface sampling methods). In this short article, we discuss the importance and research needs for one of these areas – the chemical reactions that take place in indoor sources.
Dynamics of mosquito populations during rapid urbanization in Qingyuan city,Guangdong province

Objective To determine the characteristics and dynamics of mosquito population during the process of rapid urbanization,and to identify the relationships between the dynamic of main vectors and rapid urbanization.Methods The mosquito density was investigated for the past four years using the human-bait method.Results Five species of mosquito were captured,including Culex tritaeniorhynchus,Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus,Anopheles sinensis,Aedes albopictus,and Armigeres subalbatus.Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus was predominant(92.27%),followed by Ar.subalbatus(3.98%).The proportions of Ae.albopictus and Cx.tritaeniorhynchus were relatively small,accounting for 1.62%each.The smallest was An.sinensis(0.51%). During a four-year study period,significant changes had taken place in the proportions of mosquito populations by comparison among the data in 2006,2008 and 2009.The population of Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus decreased while increased of that of Ae.albopictus.An.sinensis gradually disappeared as the time elapsed.The poplation of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus fluctuated largely in the study periods.In the evening,varieties of mosquito species showed distinct activity patterns.The biting time of Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus and Cx.tritaeniorhynchus was from 19:00 to 22:00 in the evening with a peak after 21:00.Ae.albopictus could be caught all the night with the main peak before 20:00.A similar activity pattern was observed from Ar.subalbatus and Ae.albopictus.Conclusion During the process of rapid urbanization,the population of the dengue vector,Ae.albopictus, increased gradually.The population of the Japanese encephalitis vector,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,fluctuated greatly in different years.However,the malaria vector,An.sinensis,eventually was not found.Thus,we propose that the surveillance and control of Ae.albopictus and Cx.tritaeniorhynchus should be strengthened during the process of urbanization.
Effects of temperature and CO2 pressure on the emission of N,N′-dialkylated perylene diimides in poly(alkyl methacrylate) films. Are guest-host alkyl group interactions important?

Static and dynamic fluorescence measurements have been made on four N,N ′−dialkylated perylene diimides in films of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s (PAMAs) with 5 different alkyl groups and in a ‘model solvent’, n-butyl acetate, over wide temperature ranges. The results indicate that the excited singlet states of the perylene guest molecules are controlled primarily by chain relaxations rather than hole free volumes in the polymer matrixes. The short singlet lifetimes of the perylene molecules require that the guest molecules respond primarily to the environments experienced by their ground states within the PAMA matrixes; each of the PAMAs offers slightly different locations in which the guest molecules can reside as a result of interactions between the N−alkyl substituents on the imide groups of the perylenes and the alkyl groups on the PAMA side chains. PAMAs with branched side chains were found to have a larger influence than PAMAs with linear side chains on the fluorescence properties of the guest molecules. The results are compared to those employing pyrenyl derivatives (with much longer excited singlet lifetimes) in the same PAMA films. The overall results indicate that the perylenes can be used as a complementary probe of local polymer chain dynamics, but they are less sensitive to their environments than are pyrenyl groups. However, they offer some distinct advantages: (1) a much wider range of N,N ′−disubstituted perylene diimides can be synthesized easily; (2) those substituents can be designed to allow a greater or lesser interaction with an anisotropic host matrix. Also, rapid conformational changes of a bis-perylene derivative appear to be restricted in the polymer matrixes. Those restrictions appear reduced when the polymer films are placed under high pressures of the plasticizing gas, CO2, but not when they are under equal pressures of a much less intervening gas, N2.
Design of narrowband evanescent-mode waveguide bandpass filters with closely spaced resonators

This study presents the design of a novel class of narrowband evanescent-mode waveguide (EWG) bandpass filters accommodating closely spaced resonators relative to the realised fractional bandwidth. The proposed filters comprise a new type of resonator structure whose electrical characteristics are carefully investigated in this work. The resonator structure is both capacitively- and inductively-loaded, which enables the new filters to be significantly shorter in the overall length in comparison to their conventional counterparts. The presented circuit concepts are validated through several filter models that were created utilising high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The HFSS filter models realise a passband centred at 1000 MHz utilising the new type of resonator structure to achieve an absolute bandwidth of 150 MHz (15%), but with smaller overall length when compared to traditional EWG design. This is by virtue of closely spacing the resonators in the proposed filters. Finally, a traditional EWG filter is also modelled utilising HFSS and its electrical and physical dimensions are compared with those of the new filters.
Late Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background: More than 100 years after its conception, the pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains a challenging procedure with significant morbidity, often due to a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Factors related to patient physiology, tumor anatomy/pathology, and surgeon/surgical technique have been studied, yielding results at times conflicting and difficult to reproduce. We present a case of a late POPF along with a brief review of the current literature. Case Presentation: The patient is a 55-year-old female with a 20 pack-year smoking history and no history of alcohol abuse, who presented for evaluation of new nausea. Her laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) imaging were suggestive of biliary obstruction. She was found to have an invasive ampullary adenocarcinoma and subsequently underwent a classic PD. She developed a POPF, managed through a closed suction drain placed intraoperatively. Her course was complicated by the development of an intra-abdominal abscess, managed percu...
A novel continuous time ternary encoding based SS-OCT calibration

In this paper we exhibit a low-complexity asynchronous sampling technique for calibration of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) systems. In the proposed scheme, the amplitude content of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) signal is equalized by means of a square law envelope detector. Continuous time ternary encoding (CT-TE) is then performed on this constant amplitude MZI signal to generate a k-linear sampling clock used to non-uniform sample a simultaneously captured interferometer signal at the correct time instances. This scheme allows the SS-OCT system operator to determine the required number of points for image reconstruction without the need for hardware modification. Simulation shows tant amount results with Hilbert transform based calibration techniques, while maintaining a lower computational complexity rendering it suitable for real-time applications.
Radionuclides in soil and water near a low-level disposal site and potential ecological and human health impacts.

Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-levelradioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of SanIldefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists areconcerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of AreaG radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) andRocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption ofdeer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected fromdeer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzedfor 3H, 90Sr, total U, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu,241Am, and 137Cs. These data were used to estimatehuman doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y-1. Humandoses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer andelk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates tohumans from tissue consumption were 2.9 × 10-3 mSv y-1and 1.6 × 10-3 mSv y-1 from deer and elk, respectively,and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 × 10-4 mGyd-1 and 4.7 × 10-4 mGy d-1, respectively. Allestimated doses were significantly less than established exposurelimits or guidelines.
Connecting Students to Life Beyond the Campus Walls: How I Developed a Training Program to Prepare Students for Life in the

This paper will discuss the process in which I, along with the help of student staff and other full-time staff, developed a program that not only trained our student staff for positions at Whitman College Technology Services (WCTS) but aided them in translating and turning that experience into life beyond the walls of the college campus. It will highlight how we went from no formal training to developing our current model which uses an online, multi-tiered training system within Canvas LMS. Other components of the program include connecting with other full-time staff within WCTS as well as other departments on the campus to create workshops that include resume writing and interview skills.
“First Korean Philosophers” on Philosophy:

Philosophy as an academic discipline was introduced to Korea at the end of the 19th century. Philosophical education and professional research did not begin, however, until the 1920s. The first ins...
Observations and performance of the NASA dual-frequency dual-polarization Doppler radar (D3R) from five years of operation

The NASA dual-frequency, dual-polarization, Doppler radar (D3R) [1] was conceived and developed to support ground validation (GV) operations of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission [2]. The D3R operates in the same frequencies bands, Ku- and Ka-band, as GPM's dual-frequency precipitation radar enabling direct comparisons of microphysical observations of precipitation. To support the GPM GV mission, D3R substantively participated in four field campaigns in North America with diverse geographic features covering both winter and summer conditions.
Decellularized human liver extracellular matrix (hDLM)-mediated hepatic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs)

Liver tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach in organ transplantation but has been hampered by the lack of a reliable and readily available cell source. Human induced pluripotent stem cells hiPSCs have been highlighted as a desirable source, due to their differentiation potential, ability to self-renew, and the possibility of making patient-specific cells. We developed a decellularization protocol that efficiently removes cellular material while retaining extracellular matrix components. Subsequently, hiPSCs were differentiated on decellularized human liver extracellular matrix (hDLM) scaffolds using an established hepatic differentiation protocol. We demonstrate that using hDLM leads to upregulation markers of hepatic functions when compared with standard differentiation conditions. In addition, expression of a number of hepatic transcription and nuclear factors were found to be within levels comparable with those of primary human adult hepatocytes. Analysis of progression of differentiation on hDLM demonstrated that hepatic developmental marker expression was consistent with hepatic development. The hDLM-derived cells exhibited key hepatic characteristics that were comparable with those observed in primary neonatal human hepatocytes. We investigated the optimal timing of the introduction of hDLM into the differentiation protocol and found that the best results are obtained when cells are plated on hDLM since the earliest stages and accompanied by a progressive loss of sensitivity to substrate composition at later stages. The significance of this work is that it allows for the development of differentiation protocols that take into account signals from extracellular matrix, closely recapitulating of the in vivo micro-environment and resulting in cells that are phenotypically closer to mature hepatocytes.
External Communication About Sustainability: Corporate Social Responsibility Reports and Social Media Activity

External communication about corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability activities may vary significantly across firms. Communication channel, content, and frequency may reflect a com...
Snapshot prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus species, including MRSA, in a student athletic facility: an undergraduate research project.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and characterize the prevalence of MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, and other Staphylococcus species found on exercise equipment on one day point of collection. DESIGN: A cross sectional, point prevalence design (pilot study) with a single time of measurement. Data collected in summer of 2011 (Undergraduate Research Project for CLS Program, CLS 4361 Clinical Research). Project received Institutional Review Board exemption. SETTING: In a higher education athletic facility in Texas. SAMPLES: One hundred twenty-five environmental samples were collected from various exercise equipment and areas within the facility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Samples were screened for Staphylococcus species using standard microbiological techniques. Confirmation of S. aureus was conducted by DRYSPOT Staphytect Plus™. MRSA isolates were confirmed with CHROMagar™; VITEK® 2 antibiotic susceptibility testing and PFGE characterized all MRSA isolates. RESULTS: Prevalence of MRSA was 6%, S. aureus 38%, other Staphylococcus species 52% and no growth 4%. Prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA was highest on free weights and mats, respectively. PFGE characterized all MRSA isolates as HA-MRSA (USA100 strain). CONCLUSIONS: Although limitations exist for this study with a single time of measurement for data, the findings indicate potential exposure risks from Staphylococcus species in college athletic facilities. Compliance (disinfection) and creative health education may reduce transmission of pathogens, environmental load, and incidence of colonization or infection in students. ABBREVIATIONS:CA-MRSA - Community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CLS - Clinical Laboratory Science; HAIs - Healthcare associated infections; HA-MRSA - Healthcare-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MDRO - Multiple Drug Resistant Organisms; MRSA - Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
The Selection of Variates for Use in Prediction: A Generalization of Hotelling's Solution

Publisher Summary In a 1940 issue of the annals of mathematical statistics, Hotelling posed the problem Of testing the null hypothesis that the standard errors in the regressions of y on X and y on Z are equal, given a vector y whose n components are normally and independently distributed, and given the corresponding n observations on two sets of explanatory variables X and Z . Hotelling provided a solution for the case where X and Z are both univariate. This chapter presents a geometric interpretation of Hotelling's solution for the case where X and Z are sets of variates, and where there may be more than two sets. The null hypothesis is equivalent to the null hypothesis that the population standard errors of the regressions of y on X and y on Z are equal.
Update on bimanual microincisional cataract surgery.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to highlight the major issues associated with bimanual microincisional cataract surgery and to review the recent literature addressing this subject. RECENT FINDINGS Bimanual microincisional cataract surgery has been performed successfully using all of the major phacoemulsification platforms. Technological advances in ultrasound power management and fluidics have improved the safety profile and efficiency of this technique. New intraocular-lens designs and surgical maneuvers permit intraocular-lens insertion through corneal incisions measuring 2 mm or less. Clinical results achieved with bimanual microincisional cataract surgery and new microincision lenses are comparable to those obtained with conventional coaxial phacoemulsification and established intraocular lenses. SUMMARY Bimanual microincisional cataract surgery is a promising surgical technique that continues to grow as phacoemulsification technology and intraocular-lens designs evolve.
The Molecular Architecture of Myelin: Identification of the External Surface Membrane Components

Basic information concerning the molecular organization of the myelin membrane is an intrinsic requirement for understanding the neurochemical events leading to myelination, as well as the potential mechanism of demyelination that might exist at the molecular level for a variety of neurological diseases. The application of chemical, enzymatic, fluorescent, and immunological membrane probes has contributed significantly to this end, although the diverse structural complexity of the myelin sheath has permitted only a rudimentary understanding of its molecular organization. Nevertheless, compelling evidence is accumulating which suggests that components of myelin are asymmetrically distributed in the membrane. Such membrane asymmetry should not only provide important clues to the mechanisms of membrane assembly in the process of myelination, but should also serve as a paradigm for potential functional asymmetry of the individual components at the molecular level. One particularly useful membrane probe is galactose oxidase which has the capacity for identifying surface galactose residues in both glycoproteins and glycolipids on the external surface of the myelin sheath. The identification of these surface components on the myelin sheath is of primary importance since such components might be more readily susceptible to immunological damage or act as a viral receptor which ultimately might lead to demyelination.
Treatment of anxiety disorders in patients with comorbid bipolar disorder

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent comorbid diagnoses in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). A comorbid anxiety diagnosis can significantly impact the severity of bipolar symptoms, increase the risk of suicidality, and decrease psychosocial functioning and quality of life. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force published recommendations for treatment in 2012 suggesting that specific anticonvulsant mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics are the medications of choice to treat these comorbidities. Serotonergic antidepressant medications are first-line medications for the treatment of most anxiety disorders; however, this can be problematic for a patient with BD. Antidepressant use in BD has been associated with a risk of manic switch as well as potential destabilization of mood. Mood stabilizer therapy should be established for patients with comorbid BD and an anxiety disorder before other medications are added to address the anxiety disorder. While benzodiazepine medications are recommended as third-line therapy in the CANMAT task force recommendations, their use should be avoided in patients with comorbid BD, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. The use of benzodiazepines should in general be avoided for all patients if possible, based upon current clinical research. Interpersonal, cognitive behavioral, and relaxation therapy are effective for the treatment of anxiety symptoms, especially emotional experiences, in patients who are euthymic.
Identification of Cancer -- Mesothelioma Disease Using Logistic Regression and Association Rule

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) or malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an atypical, aggressive tumor that matures into cancer in the pleura, a stratum of tissue bordering the lungs. Diagnosis of MPM is difficult and it accounts for about seventy-five percent of all mesothelioma diagnosed yearly in the United States of America. Being a fatal disease, early identification of MPM is crucial for patient survival. Our study implements logistic regression and develops association rules to identify early stage symptoms of MM. We retrieved medical reports generated by Dicle University and implemented logistic regression to measure the model accuracy. We conducted (a) logistic correlation, (b) Omnibus test and (c) Hosmer and Lemeshow test for model evaluation. Moreover, we also developed association rules by confidence, rule support, lift, condition support and deployability. Categorical logistic regression increases the training accuracy from 72.30% to 81.40% with a testing accuracy of 63.46%. The study also shows the top 5 symptoms that is mostly likely indicates the presence in MM. This study concludes that using predictive modeling can enhance primary presentation and diagnosis of MM.
Borrelia burgdorferi bbk13 Is Critical for Spirochete Population Expansion in the Skin during Early Infection

Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted via the bite of an infected tick. B. burgdorferi enters the skin, disseminates via the bloodstream, and infects various distal tissues, leading to inflammatory sequelae, such as Lyme arthritis and Lyme carditis. B. burgdorferi linear plasmid 36 (lp36) is critical for mammalian infectivity; however, the full complement of genes on lp36 that contribute to this process remains unknown. Through a targeted mutagenesis screen of the genes on lp36, we identified a novel infectivity gene of unknown function, bbk13, which encodes an immunogenic, non-surface-exposed membrane protein that is important for efficient mammalian infection. Loss of bbk13 resulted in reduced spirochete loads in distal tissues in a mouse model of infection. Through a detailed analysis of B. burgdorferi infection kinetics, we discovered that bbk13 is important for promoting spirochete proliferation in the skin inoculation site. The attenuated ability of Δbbk13 spirochetes to proliferate in the inoculation site was followed by reduced numbers of B. burgdorferi spirochetes in the bloodstream and, ultimately, consistently reduced spirochete loads in distal tissues. Together, our data indicate that bbk13 contributes to disseminated infection by promoting spirochete proliferation in the early phase of infection in the skin. This work not only increases the understanding of the contribution of the genes on lp36 to B. burgdorferi infection but also begins to define the genetic basis for B. burgdorferi expansion in the skin during localized infection and highlights the influence of the early expansion of spirochetes in the skin on the outcome of infection.