cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intermediary Metabolism and Life History Trade-offs: Lipid Metabolism in Lines of the Wing-polymorphic Cricket, Gryllus firmus, Selected for Flight Capability vs. Early Age Reproduction

The extent to which modifications in intermediary metabolism contribute to life history variation and trade-offs is an important but poorly understood aspect of life history evolution. Artificial selection was used to produce replicate genetic stocks of the wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus, that were nearly pure-breeding for either the flight-capable (LW[f]) morph, which delays ovarian growth, or the flightless (SW) morph, which exhibits enhanced early-age fecundity. LW(f) lines accumulated substantially more triglyceride, the main flight fuel in Gryllus, compared with SW-selected lines, and enhanced accumulation of triglyceride was strongly associated with reduced ovarian growth. Increased triglyceride accumulation in LW(f) lines resulted from elevated de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and two morph-specific trade-offs: (1) greater proportional utilization of fatty acid for glyceride biosynthesis vs. oxidation, and (2) a greater diversion of fatty acids into triglyceride vs. phospholipid biosynthesis. Even though SW lines produced less total lipid and triglyceride, they produced more phospholipid (important in egg development) than did LW(f) lines. Differences between LW(f) and SW morphs in lipid biosynthesis resulted from substantial alterations in the activities of all studied lipogenic enzymes, a result that is consistent with expectations of Metabolic Control Theory. Finally, application of a juvenile hormone analogue to LW(f) females produced a striking SW phenocopy with respect to all aspects of lipid metabolism studied. Global alterations of lipid metabolism, most likely produced by alterations in endocrine regulation, underlie morph specializations for flight vs. early-age fecundity in G. firmus. Modification of the endocrine control of intermediary metabolism is likely to be an important mechanism by which intermediary metabolism evolves and contributes to life history evolution.
Adaptively trained neural networks and their application to electric load forecasting

A training procedure that adapts the weights of a trained layered perceptron type artificial neural network to training data originating from a slowly varying nonstationary process is proposed. The procedure for adaptive dating assures proper response to previous training data by seeking to minimize a weight sensitivity cost function while, at the same time, minimizing the mean square error normally ascribed to the layered perceptron. The process is illustrated through application to an interpolation problem and by its use on an electric load forecasting problem with data collected from the power industry. >
Defect Structure of Mg‐Doped LaCrO3 Model and Thermogravimetric Measurements

Chemical stability and cation stoichiometry determine the applicability of LaCrO/sub 3/ as a high-temperature oxide electrode. A model for the behavior of acceptor-doped LaCrO/sub 3/ as a function of oxygen activity is proposed. The model is in agreement with experimental data on Mg-doped LaCrO/sub 3/. Stability regimes and compensation mechanisms at various oxygen activities and temperature are presented.
Applications of importance sampling to PMD

Applications of importance sampling to polarization mode dispersion (PMD) statistics in optical fiber transmission systems are presented. Previous methods that uses Monte Carlo (MC) simulations concentrates on the largest PMD values that allows only low probability events to be simulated. In the new method, importance sampling biases MC calculations of concatenated birefringent sections so that first- and second-order PMD values occur thereby allowing rare PMD events to be simulated more efficiently. Importance sampled MC techniques therefore provide a natural and effective tool to assess PMD statistics and PMD-induced impairments in optical transmission systems at realistic probability levels.
Birds of a feather get misidentified together: High entitativity decreases recognition accuracy for groups of other-race faces

Purpose The cross-race effect can be exaggerated when faces are presented in groups, leading to less accurate eyewitness identifications (Pezdek, O'Brien, & Wasson, 2012, Law Hum. Behav., 36, 488). Our current study examined the effect of entitativity, the degree to which members of a group are perceived as a coherent unit (Campbell, 1958, Behav. Sci., 3, 14), on recognition accuracy for same- and cross-race faces presented in groups. Methods White participants viewed 16 slides of 3-face groups (eight White groups, eight Black groups). Prior to viewing the faces they were told that the entitativity of each 3-face group was high (‘friends who do things together’) or low (‘people in line at the bank’). They were then tested on 32 individually presented faces (16 old and 16 new). Results When cross-race faces were presented in high rather than low entitativity groups, less accurate face recognition memory resulted. Increasing group entitativity decreased recognition accuracy for cross-race faces but increased recognition accuracy for same-race faces. Conclusions The results suggest that the perception of a group negatively impacts eyewitness memory. Contextual factors such as entitativity need to be considered along with other estimator variables when assessing eyewitness identification accuracy.
Tunable Dispersion Compensation by a Rotating Cylindrical Lens

We present a new technique for tunable dispersion compensation that is low cost, high speed, and has a large range that is sufficient for compensating the dispersion of several meters of optical fiber.
New method for the determination of oblique-incidence coefficients for birefringent coatings and models

Results are developed which may enable the direct determination of oblique-incidence coefficients in coatings or models, thereby virtually eliminating errors due to Poisson's ratio, the oblique angle and the relative index of refraction.
The effect of calcium on mycelial growth of Phytophthora megasperma and P. cinnamomi.

(1968). The Effect of Calcium on Mycelial Growth of Phytophthora Megasperma and P. Cinnamomi. Mycologia: Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 1112-1116.
Regulation of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate levels and contractility in bovine tracheal smooth muscle.

The effects of various agents on cyclic 3',5'-AMP and cyclic 3',5'-GMP levels and mechanical activity of bovine tracheal smooth muscle were examined. Carbachol, acetylcholine, and histamine caused muscle contraction and increased cyclic GMP levels several fold in a dose-dependent manner; contraction preceded the increase in cyclic GMP. Serotonin and high K+ concentrations contracted muscle to the same degree as carbachol, while cyclic GMP increases were smaller than that due to carbachol. The effects of carbachol and histamine were blocked by atropine and diphenhydramine, respectively. The calcium ionophore A-23187 also increased cyclic GMP levels and caused contraction. Guanylate cyclase activators-sodium azide, hydroxylamine, sodium nitrite, nitroglycerin, and sodium nitroprusside-increased cyclic GMP levels and relaxed tracheal smooth muscle. None of these agents had any effect on cyclic AMP levels. The presence of Ca2+ in the incubation medium was not required for cyclic GMP increases with these latter agents. However, it was required in order to see increases in cyclic GMP with carbachol, histamine, and A-23187. Adremergic agonists relaxed muscle preparations and increased cyclic AMP levels 2-3-fold. Both these effects were blocked by propranolol. Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases relaxed muscle preparations and were associated with increases in both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Prostaglandins E1 and F2α had little or no effect on mechanical activity or cyclic nucleotide levels. The addition of 1 mM 8-bromo-cyclic GMP or 8-bromo-AMP relaxed muscle preparations. A variety of other nucleotides had no effect. These results support the hypothesis that cyclic AMP plays a role in relaxation of tracheal muscle induced by adrenergic agents. However, with a variety of other agents, we found that contraction or relaxation occurred with increases either in cyclic GMP alone or in both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Thus the roles of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in smooth muscle mechanical activity remain obscure. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Daniel Macklin and Joanne Holmes for their technical assistance, and Cathy Bostron for typing this manuscript.
From the bench to the bedside: The molecular management of cerebral ischemia

Rapid and accurate management of a patient afflicted by cerebral ischemia is crucial for the development of a successful outcome. Yet, it is the understanding of the molecular and clinical presentation of cerebrovascular disease that enables the physician to diagnose and effectively treat cerebral ischemia. Neuronal degeneration can occur at several levels in the ischemic cascade. The free radical nitric oxide (NO) has been clearly linked to ischemic neurodegeneration in both animal models and cell culture systems, but the final cellular pathways that lead from the generation of NO to eventual neuronal death require further investigation. The protective mechanisms of the peptide growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor appear to be linked to the signal transduction pathways of NO, programmed cell death, and protein kinase C. Active modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor activity also can prevent neuronal injury at or below the level of NO generation. The molecular mechanisms that mediate the protective effects of the metabotropic glutamate receptors are dependent on the modulation of programmed cell death. Further investigation into the molecular signal transduction pathways that are responsible for ischemic neuronal injury will foster the development of efficacious and safe treatments for cerebral ischemia.
Improved myocardial recovery after cardioplegic arrest with an oxygenated crystalloid solution.

Possible enhancement of myocardial protection by oxygenation of a crystalloid cardioplegic solution was evaluated in a three-part study. In Part I, canine hearts underwent ischemia followed by heterogeneous cardioplegic arrest for 45 to 60 minutes. Oxygenation led to improved recovery in the left anterior descending region (47% versus 86% recovery, p ≤ 0.05) (15 minutes of ischemia) and in the circumflex region (9.5% versus 52% recovery, p ≤ 0.05) (30 minutes of ischemia). Part II was a blind prospective randomized study in 12 patients. It examined creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate as well as coronary sinus flow, oxygen consumption, and cardiac work 1 hour after aortic cross-clamping during atrial and during ventricular pacing. No significant difference was demonstrable between control and oxygenated solutions. In Part III, 57 coronary bypass patients were protected with a nonoxygenated solution while 94 patients received an identical oxygenated solution. Twelve-hour creatine kinase levels were similar in the nonoxygenated (9.5 ± 16 IU, ± standard deviation) and oxygenated (11 ± 22 IU) groups if the cross-clamp interval was 28 minutes or less. In patients subjected to longer than 28 minutes of arrest, the 12 hour creatine kinase MB levels were more than twice as high in the nonoxygenated group (26.5 ± 26 IU) compared to the oxygenated group (9.9 ± 14 IU, p ≤ 0.05). In this canine model of heterogeneous cardioplegia and in the routine conduct of coronary bypass operations, oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia is superior to an identical nonoxygenated solution.
Ileostomy and colostomy support groups.

The first organized ostomy support group in the world was formed at The Mount Sinai Hospital, in 1950, through the efforts of a surgeon and the patients themselves. Later, similar groups were set up in other locations and some even took the name of Mount Sinai's first such society (QT). These groups had two major functions: . Psychological: reassurance and understanding from other ostomates before and after the operation; advice on have to deal with oneself and others. . Educational: instruction on the details of stoma management; information for surgeons on the proper location and other details of fashioning a stoma; information to the public on the existence and needs of ostomates. In order to extend services to more people and with more individual attention, a special clinic was established at The Mount Sinai Hospital devoted entirely to patients with ileostomy and colostomy. It too was the first of its kind anywhere. Years later, two surgeons arranged an all-day convention of the ostomy groups in the greater New York City, New Jersey, and Connecticut areas, at the New York Academy of Medicine. At the convention, the idea of a national society was conceived. In the following years - in Detroit, then Cleveland, and finally Los Angeles -- the United Ostomy Association was developed, structured, and incorporated. The educational uses of the ostomy groups were later supplemented and partly replaced by enterostomal therapists who originally were trained and practiced in Cleveland. Now the therapists, the societies, and the ostomates themselves are available to patients with various types of stomas, whether recent or longstanding, before and after surgery.
Promotional Media Usage Patterns Among Women: Occupational and Marital Status Differences

This paper analyzes the differences in promotional media values as they pertain to unemployed-married women, and employed-single women. Data was collected through a random telephone survey in two major midwestern metropolitan areas. Results indicate that employed-married women place a greater value on instore promotional media than either unemployed-married women or employed-single women. Implications for retail managers are presented.
Insatiability and Crisis: Using Interdisciplinarity to Understand (And Denaturalize) Contemporary Humans

Collaboration between different social sciences can encourage students to think critically about prevailing assumptions regarding human nature. Both the chapter and the pedagogical experiences on which it is based investigate the distinctive type of human created by capitalist society. In so doing, it takes a heterodox approach to analyzing the concept of an insatiable human nature through a case study that invites students to critically assess this perspective. This discussion then leads to an investigation and critique of traditional neoclassical Economic assumptions about human behavior, which forms the basis for a case study on the causes of the global economic and financial crisis of 2008. The goal is to facilitate students’ development of a more grounded perspective on real world events.
Post cleaning effects on silicon nanowires grown by electroless etching

Low optical reflectance in silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is obtained when a stirring mechanism is introduced during the post-cleaning process. Achieving low optical reflectance may be of great interest for the production of solar cells. These SiNWs were fabricated at room temperature employing the electroless etching technique using an etching solution consisting of silver nitrate and hydrofluoric acid. Experiments show that residual silver dendrites left in the SiNWs array during the electroless etching process may interfere with the reflectance. The results exhibit an optical reflectance in SiNWs as low as 0.7 %.
Bull Libido/Serving Capacity

Bull libido, or sex drive, is a measurable trait with a large genetic component. It also represents an important aspect of bull reproductive performance, with positive effects on herd pregnancy rates and their patterns. Comparative, quantitative assessment of this trait requires a formalized testing procedure such as a test for libido or serving capacity score. Such tests are useful not only for obtaining quantitative information, but also for the detection of physical and pathologic problems that may interfere with normal bull mating ability. These tests should be conducted in such a manner that animal welfare is not unnecessarily compromised. The quantitative results should be interpreted with caution, especially when young, inexperienced bulls or those of Bos indicus breeds are being assessed. Libido does not necessarily work in concert with other traits known to separately influence bull fertility (e.g., BSE traits and social dominance). Until a single procedure is found that can adequately assess all of these factors, optimal bull appraisal requires separate evaluation of each of these factors.
One-step synthesis and applications of highly concentrated silver nanoparticles with an ultra-thin silica shell

A one-step method for synthesizing high concentrations of 40–400 nm silver nanoparticles coated with an ultra-thin silica shell is described. The shell thickness can be further increased via post-synthetic precipitation of sodium silicate. The nanoparticles exhibit remarkable stability and can be concentrated to as much as 50% by weight in water and some organic solvents. It was also demonstrated that silica species catalyze the seeding and growth of silver nanoparticles. The herein described particles were used to develop simple surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates and chemiresistors.
Design of a CPW-fed graphene-based conformai monopole on a paper substrate

Copper is typically used for the conductor in most antenna designs and flexible materials can be useful to make a conformal antenna. Here, a CPW-fed conformal monopole antenna was designed on a flexible low-cost paper substrate, and flexible graphene-based conductive material was used as an alternative to copper. The antenna was designed for 3.6 GHz applications with a size of 24 mm × 6 mm. The design was simulated in HFSS, a full-wave simulation tool; a prototype was manufactured using a micro-cutter; and measured in a full anechoic chamber. Overall, it was shown that the S-parameter simulations agreed well with measurements, and that the electrical benefits of the flexible graphene-based conductor can be utilized to design a CPW-fed conformal monopole antenna.
Large Scale Monte Carlo Simulation of Neutrino Interactions Using the Open Science Grid and Commercial Clouds

Modern long baseline neutrino experiments like the NOvA experiment at Fermilab, require large scale, compute intensive simulations of their neutrino beam fluxes and backgrounds induced by cosmic rays. The amount of simulation required to keep the systematic uncertainties in the simulation from dominating the final physics results is often 10x to 100x that of the actual detector exposure. For the first physics results from NOvA this has meant the simulation of more than 2 billion cosmic ray events in the far detector and more than 200 million NuMI beam spill simulations. Performing these high statistics levels of simulation have been made possible for NOvA through the use of the Open Science Grid and through large scale runs on commercial clouds like Amazon EC2. We details the challenges in performing large scale simulation in these environments and how the computing infrastructure for the NOvA experiment has been adapted to seamlessly support the running of different simulation and data processing tasks on these resources.
The Winslow Boy: Let Right Be Done

In The Winslow Boy Rattigan gathers some of his core themes—the wounded or physically deteriorating male, the mismatch in degree of sexuality and emotional affinity between men and women, and the victory so costly it feels equally like a defeat. To these themes Rattigan adds two new preoccupations: the intensity of father–son relations (Arthur Winslow ruins his health and his family’s status and comfort in order to exonerate his son of a false charge of theft) and a reckoning with Oscar Wilde, as Rattigan for unclear reasons makes a dandy figure out of the play’s hero, Sir Robert Morton, the man who successfully defends the Winslow boy, with Morton being based on Sir Edward Carson, the man who successfully defended the Marquis of Queensberry against Wilde’s charge of libel. As a close companion of her father, Kate Winslow almost replaces her mother in the father’s agony in defending his son. Kate’s psychology is carefully crafted by Rattigan to show that she is drawn to men who are weakened by age, loss of physical prowess, or illness.
Examining the Mediating Roles of Affective and Normative Commitment in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership Practices and Turnover Intention of Government Employees

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the indirect effect of transformational leadership practices on turnover intention of government employees through affective and normative commitment to the organization. A total of 201 respondents were surveyed from the state and local governments in the east region of a mid-Atlantic state in the United States. The results from bootstrapping mediation analysis supported that transformational leadership fosters employees’ affective and normative commitment, which in turn lowers their turnover intention. Furthermore, the strength of the indirect effect of transformational leadership on turnover intention tends to be greater for baby boomers than other generations.
Electrographic Seizures in Pediatrics: Recognition and Examples

Increased use of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring over the last decade has led to recognition of a relatively high prevalence of electrographic seizures in neonates and children with critical illness. Definitions of seizures and status epilepticus (SE) have evolved along with the increased availability of monitoring. While there are some differences in the frequency of seizures and seizure types in neonates and children, both benefit from cEEG. Rates of electrographic-only seizures in these populations are high, and recent studies suggest that electrographic seizures have a negative effect on outcome. This chapter will discuss current definitions of electrographic seizures and SE as well as indications for cEEG monitoring. The timing and duration of monitoring necessary to obtain the highest yield for seizure detection will also be presented. Examples of electrographic seizures encountered in the intensive care unit are also featured with discussion of strategies to facilitate accurate identification.
Fortilin binds IRE1α and prevents ER stress from signaling apoptotic cell death.

The endoplasmic reticulum, the cytoplasmic organelle that matures a massive amount of nascent secretory polypeptides, is particularly sensitive to stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes unfolded proteins to populate the organelle, eliciting the unfolded protein response. During the unfolded protein response, GRP78—an endoplasmic reticulum master stress regulator—detaches from three endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors (IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6) and allows them to activate the apoptotic signaling pathway. Fortilin, a pro-survival molecule, is known to inhibit apoptosis by binding and inhibiting p53, but its role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis remains unknown. Here, we report that fortilin directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of IRE1α, inhibits both kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities of the stress sensor, and protects cells against apoptotic cell death at both cellular and whole animal levels. Our data support a role of fortilin in the unfolded protein response and its potential participation in human diseases caused by unfolded protein response. IRE1α is an ER stress sensor, whose activity induces apoptosis. Here, the authors report that fortilin, a pro-survival factor, with yet unknown roles in ER stress, interacts with active IRE1α, inhibits both its kinase end RNase activities, and protects cells from apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
TCR-pMHC encounter differentially regulates transcriptomes of tissue-resident CD8 T cells.

To investigate the role of TCR-pMHC interaction in regulating lung CD8 tissue-resident T cell (TR) differentiation, polyclonal responses were compared against NP366-374/Db and PA224-233/Db, two immunodominant epitopes that arise during influenza A infection in mice. Memory niches distinct from iBALTs develop within the lamina propria, supporting CD103+ and CD103- CD8 TR generation and intraepithelial translocation. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identify dominant TCR, adherence junction, RIG-I-like and NOD-like pattern recognition receptor as well as TGFβ signaling pathways and memory signatures among PA224-233/Db T cells consistent with T resident memory (TRM) status. In contrast, NP366-374/Db T cells exhibit enrichment of effector signatures, upregulating pro-inflammatory mediators even among TRM. While NP366-374/Db T cells manifest transcripts linked to canonical exhaustion pathways, PA224-233/Db T cells exploit P2xr7 purinoreceptor attenuation. The NP366-374/Db CD103+ subset expresses the antimicrobial lactotransferrin whereas PA224-233/Db CD103+ utilizes pore-forming mpeg-1, with <22% of genes correspondingly upregulated in CD103+ (or CD103-) subsets of both specificities. Thus, TCR-pMHC interactions among TR and antigen presenting cells in a tissue milieu strongly impact CD8 T cell biology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Lev Kuleshov on Animation: Montaging the Image:

The Soviet film director Lev Kuleshov has not been historically associated with animation, and yet his legacy includes: an article on animation published in the Soviet central specialized newspaper...
Neuropeptides Modulate Carbachol-Stimulated “Boxing” Behavior in the Rat Medial Frontal Cortex

The discovery of neuropeptides in mammalian brain was followed by the iconoclastic revelation that peptides coexist in the same neuron with classical neurotransmitters(Hokfelt et al., 1984). In 1983, coexistence of substance P (SP) and acetylcholin-esterase (AchE) or choline acetyltransferase (ChAt) was described in neurons of the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis lateralis (NTDL) in rat brain (Vincent et al., 1983; Olschowka et al., 1983). Preliminary data suggested that some of the NTDL cells also contained corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (Olschowka et al., 1983). In addition, immunohistochemical studies have shown that SP- and CRF-containing cells in the NTDL project to the medial frontal cortex, lateral septum, and thalamus(Crawley et al., 1985a).
A Metrical Analysis of Medieval German Poetry Using Supervised Learning

Middle High German (MHG) epic poetry presents a unique solution to the linguistic changes underpinning the transition from classical Latin poetry, based on syllable length, into later vernacular rhythmic poetry, based on phonological stress. The predominating pattern in MHG verse is the alternation between stressed and unstressed syllables, but syllable length also plays a crucial role. There are a total of eight possible metrical values. Single or half mora syllables can carry any one of three types of stress, resulting in six combinations. The seventh value is a double mora, i.e., a long stressed syllable. The eighth value is an elided syllable. We construct a supervised Conditional Random Fields (CRF) model to predict the metrical value of syllables, and subsequently investigate medieval German poets’ use of semantic and sonorous emphasis through meter. The features used are: 1) the syllable’s position within the line, 2) the syllable’s length in characters, 3) the syllable’s characters, 4) elision (last two characters of previous syllable and first two characters of focal syllable), 5) syllable weight, and 6) word boundaries. Additional metrical rules are enforced and marginal probabilities are calculated to yield the most likely legal scansion of a line. The model achieves a macro average F-score of .925 on internal cross-validation and .909 on held-out testing data. We determine that trochaic alternation with a one syllable anacrusis and words carrying clear stress assignment are the easiest for the model to scan. Lines with multiple double morae of syllables with few characters are the most difficult. We then rank all the epic poetry in the Mittelhochdeutsche Begriffsdatenbank (MHDBDB) by the difficulty of the meter. Finally, we investigate the double mora, which MHG poets used to draw attention to chosen concepts. We conclude that poets generally chose to use the double mora to emphasize highly sonorant words.
The Abortion Paradox

Jeff McMahan recently has argued that a comparison between the choice of abortion and the choice of prenatal injury followed by fetal survival, in combination with certain Pareto-inspired principles, leads to an interesting paradox. I will call it the Abortion Paradox.
Faculty perceptions about e-cheating during online testing

In this paper, the researcher addresses some of the issues presented in the literature about assessing students online. Particularly included in this text are concerns about academic dishonesty taking place while administering a webbased test. The researcher has completed a study to determine if online testing is being used and if the faculty have concerns about e-cheating. In addition participants were asked what measures they are taking to prevent this form of cheating, if any. Results indicate that over half of the faculty are using online assessment and that there is some concern about online cheating, but the majority of them are not proactively implementing measures to prevent it.
Multi-label Classification Using Genetic-Based Machine Learning

Multi-label classification deals with problem domains in which each instance belongs to more than one class simultaneously. Label Powerset (LP) is an efficient multi-label learning algorithm that considers each distinct combination of labels in training data as a unique new class and trains a conventional multi-class learning algorithm. In this paper a Multi-label classification algorithm is proposed that integrates LP with a rule-based evolutionary machine learning approach developed for supervised learning tasks, namely sUpervised Learning Classifiers (UCS). Moreover, to improve the prediction capability of the model on unseen instances, a prediction aggregation strategy is proposed to make efficient use of all the potentially helpful information in the rule base. The result is a multi-label rule-based evolutionary learner, which is called MLRBC (Multi-Label Rule-Based Classifier). Taking advantage of the strong generalization capability of UCS and its robustness in handling data sets with imbalanced classes, the proposed MLRBC algorithm is able to address some of the challenges involved in using LP. Experimental studies on multiple real-world datasets show that the proposed algorithm substantially improves the performance of the original LP technique and shows competitive performance against some of the state of the art multi-label learning algorithms.
I'm okay, you're not okay : constancy of character and Paul's understanding of change in his own and Peter's behaviour : original research

Paul argues in Galatians 2:11-14 that Peter was guilty of hypocrisy because he had withdrawn from eating with Gentiles in Antioch. Paul's argument is best understood through the social and rhetorical conventions related to the encomium. The problem for Paul is that his own behaviour is inconsistent, and the Galatians know of his changed behaviour (Gl 1:13). Paul, then, is at pains to explain how his own changed behaviour, as a result of a commissioning from God, is different from Peter's changed behaviour, as a result of fear of those from the circumcision. Paul's concern for explaining his own change in behaviour as positive and Peter's as negative is related to his overall concern to prevent future changes in the Galatians' behaviour given that they are, as Paul himself is, commissioned by God for a new freedom.
Prediction of ultimate compressive strength for biopolymer-bound soil composites (BSC) using sliding wingtip crack analysis

Abstract This paper introduces a damage-based model for determining the compressive strength of Biopolymer-bound Soil Composites (BSC), a novel class of bio-based construction composites that are produced through the mixture and desiccation of biopolymers with inorganic aggregates. A damage-based sliding wingtip crack model is used, in conjunction with experimental results from mechanical testing and X-ray micro-computed tomography image analysis, to predict the response of BSC materials under uniaxial compression. The model explores a range of mixture designs with varying biopolymer solution content. This methodology extends existing mixture design theory for BSC materials based on maximum bulk density of the soil phase.
Chemically Induced Sintering of Nanoparticles.

We have observed solid-state growth of pre-existing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) upon exposure to trace (ppb) concentrations of reactive gases at room temperature. The consequent change in localized surface plasmon resonances alters the visible absorbance of dried, printed sensor spots made from inks of 10 nm-AgNPs and provides a novel mechanism for trace detection and dosimetry of reactive gases. Colorimetric sensor arrays based on these AgNP inks offer dosimetric identification of acidic and oxidizing gases and other reactive vapors with limits of detection below ppb levels for 1 h exposures. For an array of AgNP inks with various capping agents, a unique color response pattern is observed for each specific analyte. Excellent discrimination among 11 reactive gases was demonstrated using standard chemometric methods. The chemically induced sintering of NPs paves the way for novel solid-state sensors for the ultrasensitive detection of reactive gases and their application to the monitoring of trace airborne pollutants.
Heterogeneous Statistical QoS Driven Collaborative Learning Based Energy Harvesting Over Full-Duplex Cognitive Radio Networks

With the recent developments in energy harvesting (EH) technologies, mobile devices are able to support the wireless multimedia services by harvesting energy from various external sources. As one of the promising technologies to solve the energy scarcity problem, EH schemes have brought many new challenges due to the stochastic nature of the wireless channel and the harvested energy in supporting the statistical quality-of-service (QoS) provisionings. On the other hand, the full-duplex spectrum sensing (FD-SS) scheme has been designed to improve the spectrum efficiency while significantly enhancing the system performance over cognitive radio networks (CRNs). However, due to the unknown dynamics of the channel state information and the energy state information, it is challenging to design the efficient EH based power allocation policies for all the users with different operating modes while guaranteeing the statistical delay-bounded QoS constraints. To overcome the aforementioned problems, in this paper we develop the collaborative learning system model by choosing the optimal operation strategies and power allocation policies through learning from the EH process while satisfying the heterogeneous statistical delay-bounded QoS constraints over CRNs. In particular, we establish and analyze the FD-SS based EH system models over CRNs. Under the heterogeneous statistical delay-bounded QoS requirements, we formulate and solve the max-min fairness effective-capacity optimization problem for the battery-free EH based CRNs. Then, we apply the collaborative learning algorithm for deriving the optimal joint EH based mode selection and power allocation schemes. Also conducted is a set of simulations which evaluate the system performances and show that our proposed collaborative learning based EH scheme outperforms the other existing schemes under the heterogeneous statistical delay-bounded QoS constraints over CRNs.
Asymmetric Composition of Ionic Aggregates and the Origin of High Correlated Transference Number in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes.

“Water-in-salt” electrolytes open up exciting new avenues for expanding the electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes. We investigated the solvation structure and dynamics of highly concentrat...
Prison same-sex sexualities in the context of politicized homophobia in Malawi:

Prison same-sex sexualities have largely gone unnoticed in Malawi, an African nation associated with politicized homophobia. The term ‘politicized homophobia’ refers to political elites’ public hos...
Near-hand effects are robust: Three OSF pre-registered replications of visual biases in perihand space

Although previous work provides evidence that observers experience biases in visual processing when they view stimuli in perihand space, a few recent investigations have questioned the reliability ...
One Path Does Not Fit All: A Career Path Approach to the Study of Professional Women Entrepreneurs:

We establish a career path framework to study professional women entrepreneurs. In our framework, we differentiate women by level of engagement (focused, side, never) and career patterns (continuou...
TKA is More Durable Than UKA for Morbidly Obese Patients: A Two-Year Minimum Follow-Up Study.

Abstract Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) indications have expanded during the past two decades to include some morbidly obese patients (body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2). Few published studies have compared UKA and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in this unique patient subgroup with conflicting observations. Methods We retrospectively compared 89 mobile bearing UKA (71 patients) and 201 TKA (175 patients) performed at a single institution with a minimum 2-year follow-up (mean 3.4 years). Demographic characteristics were similar for both patient cohorts. A detailed medical record review was performed to assess the frequency of component revision, revision indications, minor secondary procedures (components retained), and infections. Results UKA was more frequently associated with clinical failure (29.2% vs 2.5%, P Conclusion Early complications were lower following UKA but were outweighed by higher component revision rates for arthritis progression and implant failure. The study findings suggest that TKA provides a more predictable mid-term outcome for morbidly obese patients considering knee arthroplasty surgery.
Causes with material continuity

Recent philosophical work on causation has focused on distinctions across types of causal relationships. Of the various ways that causal relationships can differ, differences that have been discussed in this literature include stability, specificity, and proportionality (Woodward 2010; Lombrozo et al. 2018). This paper argues for another distinction among causation that has yet to receive attention in this work. This distinction has to do with whether causal relationships have “material continuity” or not, which refers to the reliable movement of material from cause to effect. I provide an analysis of material continuity and argue that causes with this feature (1) are associated with a unique explanatory perspective, (2) are studied with distinct causal investigative methods, and (3) provide different types of causal control over the world.
Indigenous Ontologies: Gullah Geechee Traditions and Cultural Practices of Abundance

Western epistemologies on race defined blackness and indigeneity through scales of poverty, or more precisely, in frameworks privileging economic deprivation. Indigenous fishing communities are typically constructed as subsistence fishers whose practices only served to exacerbate resource scarcity as a result. I present a case study of the Gullah Geechee, self-defined as culturally indigenous and racially black, to explore how consciousness, indigenous knowledge, and cultural practices allow access to resources that enable them to achieve a level of autonomy. I draw on the livelihoods of three fishers, ranging from familial to commercial, to examine how the power of giving, through the cultural practices of reciprocity, sharing, and cooperation, yield abundances vital to building a sense of community. I suggest that indigenous ontologies offer alternate ways to conceptualize indigeneity in the Americas.
Understanding the Dissolution and Phase Transformation Mechanisms in Aqueous Zn/α-V2O5 Batteries

Anhydrous α-V2O5 was the first class of cathodes studied for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), mainly due to its layered structure and high theoretical capacity. However, the poor cy...
Differential gene expression indicates modulated responses to chronic and intermittent hypoxia in corallivorous fireworms (Hermodice carunculata)

Climate models predict an increase in extent, frequency, and duration of marine hypoxia events in the twenty first century. A better understanding of organismal responses to hypoxia in individual species is a crucial step for predicting ecosystem responses. We experimentally subjected a common invertebrate, the bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) to two levels of chronic hypoxia and, in a separate experiment, to intermittent hypoxia. We found components of the conserved hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and show a modulated response to hypoxia depending on the severity of hypoxic stress: under mild hypoxia, only the HIF-1α subunit is upregulated, while expression of the other subunit, aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translator, only increases significantly at more severe hypoxia levels. The chronic trials revealed down-regulation of genes related to cell adhesion, transport, development and heme-binding, and up-regulation of genes related to glycolysis, oxygen binding, cell differentiation, digestive and reproductive function. The intermittent hypoxia trials revealed an upregulation of heme transporter activity during hypoxia, and our time series analysis characterized nine clusters of genes with similar expression patterns. Our findings suggest that H. carunculata is likely to tolerate, and be resilient to, predicted future hypoxia conditions.
Automated quantification of live articular chondrocyte fluorescent staining using a custom image analysis framework

The goal of this study was to develop, validate, and implement an image analysis framework to automatically analyze chondrocytes in 3D image stacks of cartilage acquired using a fluorescent confocal microscope. Source specimens consist of viable osteochondral tissue co-stained with multiple live-cell dyes. Our framework utilizes a seeded watershed-based algorithm to automatically segment individual chondrocytes in each 2D slice of the confocal image stack. The resulting cell segmentations are colocalized in 3D to eliminate duplicate segmentation of the same cell resulting from the visibility of fluorescence signal in multiple imaging planes, and the 3D cell distribution is used to automatically define the cartilage tissue volume. The algorithm then provides chondrocyte density data, and the associated segmentation can be used as a mask to extract and quantify per cell intensity of a secondary, functional dye co-staining the chondrocytes. The accuracy of the automated chondrocyte segmentation was validated against manual segmentations (average IOU = 0.79). When applied to a cartilage surrogate, this analysis framework estimated chondrocyte density within 10% of the true density and demonstrated a good agreement between framework's counts and manual counts (R2 = 0.99). In a real application, the framework was able to detect the increased dye signal of monochlorobimane (MCB) in chondrocytes treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) after mechanical injury, quantifying intracellular biochemical changes in living cells. This new framework allows for fast and accurate quantification of intracellular activities of chondrocytes, and it can be adapted for broader application in many imaging and treatment modalities, including therapeutic OA research.
3-Dimensional Footprint Mapping of the Deltoid and Trapezius: Anatomic Pearls for Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction.

Purpose To perform a quantitative anatomic evaluation of the deltoid and trapezius footprints in relation to the lateral clavicle and acromioclavicular (AC) joint capsule to assist in surgical technique of AC joint reconstructions. Methods Fourteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders from 9 donors were analyzed. Meticulous dissection of the deltoid origin and trapezius insertions to the clavicle and AC joint was performed. Footprints were reconstructed using a MicroScribe digitizer. The inferior extension of the deltoid origin beneath the lateral clavicle and the footprints of the deltoid and trapezius onto the acromioclavicular ligamentous complex (ACLC) were quantified. Reproducibility was assessed by redigitizing 5 shoulders in a blinded and random fashion. Results The anterior deltoid fibers extended on average 4.0 ± 1.6 mm inferiorly with respect to the anteroinferior clavicular ridge and attached to 90.9 ± 7.3% of the anterior ACLC. The trapezius inserted onto the posterior and superior ACLC, covering 15.3 ± 3.4% of the anterior-posterior width of the superior capsule. The deltopectoral interval was 6 cm, or 37% the length of the clavicle from the distal end of the clavicle. Conclusions The deltoid has superior, anterior, and not as well described, inferior attachments to the lateral clavicle. Furthermore, the deltoid and trapezius muscles have intimate attachments to the AC joint capsule, particularly the trapezius to the posterior and posterosuperior capsule. Lastly, the deltoid origin attaches to the lateral 6 cm of the clavicle. Clinical Relevance Subperiosteal elevation of the deltoid off the lateral clavicle starting superiorly, anteriorly, and lastly inferiorly will reduce deltoid muscle injury and improve visibility of the coracoid process during reconstruction. Furthermore, knowledge of the attachments of the deltoid and trapezius to the ACLC may help limit iatrogenic injury to these dynamic stabilizers.
Book Note: A Review of Jennifer Hochschild’s The New American Dilemma: Liberal Democracy and School Desegregation

In this review of Jennifer Hochschild’s The New American Dilemma: Liberal Democracy and School Desegregation, Professor Wiggins examines Jennifer Hochschild’s solid contribution to the literature on school desegregation in American education. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Hochschild explores the intriguing relationship between liberal democracy and racism to see how both concepts have affected efforts to integrate America’s schools. Ultimately, Hochschild attempts to answer a very difficult and seemingly timeless question in American life: “Whether the United States wishes to, and can, end racism without severe societal dislocation.” Professor Wiggins notes that central to Hochschild’s analysis is her dichotomy between the “anomaly thesis” and the “symbiosis thesis.” According to Hochschild, American history lends more support to the symbiosis thesis. Professor Wiggins tracks Hochschild’s analysis of school desegregation against the backdrop of these two competing theories. Hochschild’s analysis contains cogent argument, sound methodology, and polished writing. Although Professor Wiggins finds two significant flaws in Hochschild’s analysis (i.e., a disjuncture between the Hochschild’s tidy conclusion about the likelihood of peaceful, evolutionary change, strong evidence about the very entrenched nature of racism and failure to give adequate attention to Black concerns and opinions), Professor Wiggins concludes that this thought-provoking book provides an excellent perspective on thirty-years of desegregation since Brown and provides a firm foundation for future scholarship.