cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An energy harvesting wireless sensor node for IoT systems featuring a near-threshold voltage IA-32 microcontroller in 14nm tri-gate CMOS

A wireless sensor node (WSN) integrates a 0.79mm2 near-threshold voltage (NTV) 32-bit Intel Architecture (IA) microcontroller (MCU) in 14nm tri-gate CMOS, along with solar cell, energy harvester, flash memory, sensors and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio, to enable always-on always-sensing (AOAS) and advanced edge computing capabilities in Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. The MCU features four independent voltage-frequency islands (VFI), a low-leakage SRAM array, an on-die oscillator clock source capable of operating at sub-threshold voltage, power gating and multiple active/sleep states, managed by an integrated power management unit (PMU). The MCU operates across a wide frequency (voltage) range of 297MHz (1V) to 0.5MHz (308mV), and achieves a peak energy efficiency of 17pJ/cycle at an optimum supply voltage (VOPT) of 370mV, operating at 3.5MHz. The WSN, powered by a solar cell, demonstrates sustained MHz AOAS operation, consuming only 360µW.
Does Medical Student Hand-Over Training on a Third-Year Pediatric Clerkship Improves Skill and Confidence Level?

Patient hand-over is a critical skill to develop in the era of reduced duty hours. There is insufficient data in the literature that medical students, especially in the third year, are being instructed to participate in a patient hand-over. Early introduction into the curriculum should provide earlier competency which has the potential to decrease the number of medical errors related to communication. All students were expected to use our institution’s hand-over mnemonic SAFETIPS when signing out on inpatient wards. Students were randomly assigned to a curriculum or control group and completed patient hand-over student confidence pre-surveys. The curriculum group participated in a faculty-led workshop at the beginning of the clerkship teaching hand-overs. Faculty members assessed student hand-overs at the end of clerkship, followed by a student post-survey. The statistically significant difference (P = .001) in median inventory scores (alpha = .70) for students in the curriculum (13.0(±2.0)) vs. control (12.0(±5.0)) is coupled to an effect size (Cliff’s d = 0.34). Five SAFETIPS items reported significant increases (p ≤ .050) for students in the curriculum vs. control. Significant increases in pre-/post-survey (alpha = .84/.87) scores are reported for students in the curriculum (pre/post difference = 9.0, P = .001) and in the control group (difference = 7.3, P = .001) for the survey. The largest individual item increases for both groups were “using SAFETIPS to give/listen to hand-over of patients” (difference = 2.0, P = .001). Third-year medical student skill and confidence level giving patient hand-over using SAFETIPS is improved with the use of a formal curriculum.
Characteristics of university students who mix alcohol and energy drinks.

ABSTRACTObjective: Research has identified correlates (eg, drug use, risky sex, smoking) of using alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMEDs). Few studies have investigated common mental health-related concerns (eg, depression, sleep). Participants: Alcohol-using college students (n = 380 never used AMEDs, n = 180 used AMEDs) were recruited in the study during the fall 2011 semester. Methods: The study examined demographics, substance use, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems in association with AMED use. Results: Multivariable logistic regression indicated that alcohol use severity (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.14+1.34), drug use severity (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.04–1.39), depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.12), and smoking (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.22–3.68) were independently associated with AMED use; sleep problems were non-significant. Conclusions: Administrators may consider policies regarding energy drink availability on campus, and campus health personnel may increase screening and education s...
Bothersome Vasomotor Symptoms: Management in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Case 1) and Differential Diagnostic Considerations (Case 2)

A 58-year-old patient presents to our menopause clinic for treatment of bothersome hot flashes. Her last menstrual period occurred at age 52. The patient learned at age 56 that she had type 2 diabetes mellitus. A random blood glucose on a chemistry panel ordered for evaluation of fatigue was elevated, and the diagnosis was confirmed by an HgA1C ≥6.5 %. Glucose control has been normalized on metformin therapy. The patient is also hypertensive and well controlled with a combination of a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (benazepril). She knows her medical concerns would be improved by weight loss but she seems stuck at 200 pounds (BMI 32 kg/m2). She isn’t refreshed after a night’s rest and wants relief from her hot flashes. She also notes that her husband has started to complain about her snoring. What are the options for treating her hot flashes? How best should you prioritize her medical concerns and balance her management choices?
In Search of the Assembly Bonus Effect

Collins and Guetzkow's (1964) assembly bonus effect—in which effective interaction is held to allow group members to combine their individual knowledge in a manner that produces higher quality outcomes than would have been attributable to a combination of individual members' efforts—has been the subject of reductionist critiques that hold that a group will perform, at best, only as well as the sum of its parts. Pavitt's (2003) critique of group memory models and research is evidence that the debate between reductionism and the existence of an assembly bonus effect has expanded from the field of psychology to the field of communication. I posit that the lack of evidence supporting an assembly bonus effect may be due, at least in part, to a failure to conceptualize and operationalize communication's role in an appropriate way. Scholars in our field should continue to investigate process gains or the assembly bonus effect from a communication perspective because we have something to contribute to the debate that has heretofore been neglected.
Impetus and Creation of an Accelerated Second-Degree Baccalaureate Nursing Program Readmission Policy:

An accelerated second-degree baccalaureate nursing (ASDBN) is an academic plan of study typically 12 to 24 months in duration. ASDBN students make many changes when entering this type of program. S...
Multilanguage, Multipurpose: A Literature Review, Synthesis, and Framework for Critical Literacies in English Language Teaching:

This article reviews and synthesizes empirical literature on critical literacies in English language teaching (ELT), gathering perspectives from international scholarship. Across a range of global contexts, the consistency with which English learning is touted as access to power while acting to marginalize those still learning the language demonstrates the need for critical approaches to ELT. In addition to reviewing the literature, this article develops a framework to analyze critical literacies in ELT. This multilanguage, multipurpose framework highlights language learning and critical engagement as foundational to the field’s endeavors. Analyzed through this framework, studies were found to coalesce around five key topics: teacher beliefs, learner beliefs, course design, specific practices, and language-emphatic designs. By exploring how current research conceptualizes and operationalizes critical literacies in ELT, this review outlines the current state of the field while illustrating impactful pedago...
Pilot Evaluation of Angiogenesis Signaling Factor Response after Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Although multiple angiogenesis signaling factors demonstrated upregulation after transcatheter embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma, only interleukin 6, which showed the largest increases, and osteopontin, which showed sustained increases, were associated with tumor response at follow-up imaging.
RATES OF PARASITISM AND SEX RATIOS OF ABLERUS CLISIOCAMPAE AND OOENCYRTUS CLISIOCAMPAE EGG PARASITES OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA

Populations of egg parasites, Ablerus clisiocampae Ashmead and Ooencyrtus clisiocampae Ashmead, of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., were found to be 73% and 55% females, respe...
Heteroepitaxial diamond growth on 4H-SiC using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract Deposition of heteroepitaxial diamond via microwave chemical vapor deposition has been performed on a 4H-SiC substrate using bias enhanced nucleation followed by a growth step. In future work, the diamond film will serve as a protective layer for an alpha particle sensor designed to function in an electrorefiner during pyroprocessing of spent fuel. The diamond deposition on the 4H-SiC substrate was carried out using a methane-hydrogen gas mixture with varying gas flow rates. The nucleation step was conducted for 30 minutes and provided sufficient nucleation sites to grow a diamond film on various locations on the substrate. The resulting diamond film was characterized using Raman spectroscopy exhibiting the strong Raman peak at 1332 cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology and the average grain size of the diamond film was observed to be on the order of ∼2–3 μm.
Trans-Plasma Membrane Electron Transport and Ascorbate Efflux by Skeletal Muscle.

Trans-plasma membrane electron transport (tPMET) and the antioxidant roles of ascorbate reportedly play a role in protection of cells from damage by reactive oxygen species, which have been implicated in causing metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle comprises the largest whole-body organ fraction suggesting a potential role of tPMET and ascorbate export as a major source of extracellular antioxidant. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle is capable of tPMET and ascorbate efflux. To measure these processes, we assayed the ability of cultured muscle cells, satellite cells, and isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) to reduce two extracellular electron acceptors, water soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST-1), and dichlorophenolindophenol (DPIP). Ascorbate oxidase (AO) was utilized to determine which portion of WST-1 reduction was dependent on ascorbate efflux. We found that muscle cells can reduce extracellular electron acceptors. In C2C12 myotubes and satellite cells, a substantial portion of this reduction was dependent on ascorbate. In myotubes, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitors along with a pan-GLUT inhibitor suppressed tPMET and ascorbate efflux, while a GLUT4 inhibitor had no effect. The adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase activator 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) suppressed both tPMET and ascorbate efflux by myotubes, while insulin had no effect. Taken together, our data suggest that muscle cells are capable of tPMET and ascorbate efflux supported by GLUT1, thus illustrating a model in which resting muscle exports electrons and antioxidant to the extracellular environment.
Errors in solutions for waveguides of elliptical cross-section

In recent years, several papers have been published dealing with enclosed or surface-waveguides of elliptical cross section. Examples have included hollow metal waveguide, enclosed waveguide filled with one or more dielectrics, coaxial transmission lines, dielectric surface waveguides, and waveguides employing anisotropic media. Some of these types have been investigated experimentally, and several have been used in practical microwave-frequency applications, such as in feed lines for antenna installations.
Power couples: The synergy value of battery-generator hybrids

Abstract Battery hybrids—a battery system paired operationally with a generation system—can often provide more value than the individual systems alone. We identify and describe eight value streams that battery hybrids can provide. Additionally, we identify the trends of increasing renewable energy, demand for resilience, need for flexibility, and the increasing economics of hybrid systems of standalone diesel generation as supporting increased battery hybridization in the future.
Synergy of MS2 disinfection by sequential exposure to tailored UV wavelengths.

Abstract The advantages of polychromatic ultraviolet (UV) light for viral disinfection can be optimized for disinfection using emerging tailored wavelength sources including KrCl excimer lamps and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Disinfection of the common viral surrogate MS2 bacteriophage was measured after exposure to these emerging sources and conventional low pressure (LP) mercury UV lamps in individual or sequential exposures. The first dose response for any virus (MS2) exposed to a KrCl excimer lamp is reported, showing the high efficiency of fluence-based disinfection because of increased viral susceptibility at the low wavelengths emitted by the excilamp. Sequential exposure dose responses indicated synergy from sequential exposures of LP and excimer lamps, which were competitive on an electrical basis at worst-and best-case scenarios of wall plug efficiency with current medium pressure (MP) disinfection. Best-case scenarios for electrical efficiency also showed all sequential exposures to be competitive with MP UV disinfection. Predictive models for sequential exposure dose responses were assessed to support the current feasibility of incorporating sequential UV exposures to optimize tailored wavelength viral disinfection.
Central serous chorioretinopathy in two families.

Purpose and Methods. The reported occurrence of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in families is rare. We report two families (five patients) who have been diagnosed with CSCR. The diagnosis of CSCR was made on clinical and fluorescein angiographic findings. Results. Three members of the first family and two members of the second family had CSCR. Affected individuals were all males. Conclusions. CSCR has been associated with psychological and emotional stress and the occurrence of CSCR in families may be due to similar inherited psychological and physiological characteristics and responses that predispose these families to the development of CSCR.
Behaviour of Excessive Functions of Certain Diffusions under the Action of the Transition Semi-Group

In earlier papers [4],[5], it has been shown that under certain analytic conditions concerning its potential kernel, a strong Markov process, which is transient and with continuous sample paths, has all of its excessive harmonic functions, which are not identically infinite, continuous. Also, it has been shown that under the same conditions the excessiveness of harmonic functions of the process is automatic. In this paper we are studying the behaviour of excessive functions of the process under the action of the transition semi-group of the process. For example, all excessive functions for the Brownian motion semi-group are transformed into continuous functions by the semi-group. It seems that even this classical case does not appear in the literature. This will be shown below under a more general setting.
The Importance of Interior Design Professionals’ Engagement in Policy Development to Effect Change for Underprivileged Individuals

The authors propose that designers can contribute toward design (and associated policies) for disadvantaged individuals in meaningful ways and discuss the potential that environmental psychology holds for the development of low-income housing. Increasingly, the intricate situations of our culture require systemic approaches to addressing problems in ways that complement the core skills and knowledge that designers possess. Designers have an ability to think broadly about problems and to create innovative approaches to contemporary issues. A Florida Housing Finance Corporation (FHFC) project is discussed as an holistic model of support which integrates inclusive methods of solution-seeking. In an effort to expand their guidelines for low-income supportive housing to include more human-focused design considerations, the FHFC approached the university to seek out the authors, who had the knowledge to help them with this endeavour.
Hitting a Moving Target: Successful Management of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Involving the Mesentery With Volumetric Image-guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy.

Abstract Introduction We report successful treatment of mesenteric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) using localized involved site radiation therapy (ISRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and daily computed tomography (CT)-image guidance. Patients and Methods Patients with mesenteric DLBCL treated with RT between 2011 and 2017 were reviewed. Clinical and treatment characteristics were analyzed for an association with local control, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. Results Twenty-three patients were eligible. At diagnosis, the median age was 52 years (range, 38-76 years), and 57% (n = 13) had stage I/II DLBCL. All patients received frontline chemotherapy (ChT) (R-CHOP [rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone], n = 19; dose-adjusted R-EPOCH [rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin], n = 4) with median 6 cycles. Prior to RT, salvage ChT for refractory DLBCL was given to 43% (n = 10) and autologous stem cell transplantation was administered in 13% (n = 3). At the time of RT, positron emission tomography-CT revealed 5-point scale of 1 to 3 (48%; n = 11), 4 (9%; n = 2), and 5 (44%; n = 10). All patients received IMRT, daily CT imaging, and ISRT. The median RT dose was 40 Gy (range, 16.2-49.4 Gy). Relapse or progression occurred in 22% (n = 5). At a median follow-up of 37 months, the 3-year local control, PFS, and overall survival rates were 80%, 75%, and 96%, respectively. Among patients treated with RT after complete metabolic response to frontline ChT (n = 8), the 3-year PFS was 100%, compared with 61% for patients with a history of chemorefractory DLBCL (n = 15; P = .055). Four of the 5 relapses occurred in patients with 5-point scale of 5 prior to RT (P = .127). Conclusion Mesenteric involvement of DLBCL can be successfully targeted with localized ISRT fields using IMRT and daily CT-image guidance.
Social Movements and Energy Democracy: Types and Processes of Mobilization

An important but sometimes overlooked dimension of the study of energy, democracy, and governance is the role of social movements. Industrial transition movements (ITMs) emerge when there is resistance from incumbent organizations, such as large utility companies in the electricity industry, to grassroots efforts to change the industry. A classification of ITM goals is developed based on two types of sociotechnical transition goals (developing alternative technologies and ending existing technologies) and two types of societal change goals (the democratization of industrial organizations and political processes and the equitable access to jobs and industrial products). The study of processes and outcomes of ITMs also has implications for social movement theory, which are outlined. This approach enables a comprehensive analysis of the relations among the state, industry, civil society, and social movements that can identify causal mechanisms in the effects of social movements on industrial transitions and energy democracy.
Challenging Narratives: Arthur Ashe and the Practice of Counter-Monumentality on Richmond’s Monument Avenue

Monument Avenue, a national historic landmark in Richmond, Virginia, has long been famous for its grand portrait monuments honouring local Civil War “heroes.” In 1996, the memorial landscape change...
Information Technology Skills for a Pluralistic Society

AbstractInformation technology skills are becoming more and more important to the success of students and teachers. These skills are acquired in many ways, including education, home use of computers, and on-the-job training. Literature has shown that computer access and integration of computers into curricula have been significantly lower in student populations from ethnic minorities in K-12 public schools. Studies have also shown that ethnic-minority households own computers at a lower rate than majority households. However, universities seldom stop to determine if required competencies exist uniformly across all students. This study focuses on access and use issues of students at an urban university across students of many different ethnicities. The findings indicate that discrepancies persist at the university level. A model of computer-based self-efficacy and performance is presented and partially validated. A discussion of the implications of these findings is included.
The impact of elevated body mass on brain responses during appetitive prediction error in postpartum women.

Abstract Repeated exposure to highly palatable foods and elevated weight promote: 1) insensitivity to punishment in striatal regions and, 2) increased willingness to work for food. We hypothesized that BMI would be positively associated with negative prediction error BOLD response in the occipital cortex. Additionally, we postulated that food reinforcement value would be negatively associated with negative prediction error BOLD response in the orbital frontal cortex and amygdala. Postpartum women ( n = 47; BMI = 25.5 ± 5.1) were ‘trained’ to associate specific cues paired to either a highly palatable milkshake or a sub-palatable milkshake. We then violated these cue-taste pairings in 40% of the trials by showing a palatable cue followed by the sub-palatable taste (negative prediction error). Contrary to our hypotheses, during negative prediction error (mismatched cue-taste) versus matched palatable cue-taste, women showed increased BOLD response in the central operculum (pFWE = 0.002; k = 1680; MNI: -57, −7,14) and postcentral gyrus (pFWE = 0.006, k = 1219; MNI: 62, −8,18). When comparing the matched sub-palatable cue-taste to the negative prediction error trials, BOLD response increased in the postcentral gyrus ( r = −0.60, pFWE = 0.008), putamen ( r = −0.55, pFWE = 0.02), and insula ( r = −0.50, pFWE = 0.01). Similarly, viewing the palatable cue vs sub-palatable cue was related to BOLD response in the putamen (pFWE = 0.025, k = 53; MNI: -20, 6, −8) and the insula (pFWE = 0.04, k = 19, MNI:38, −12, −6). Neither BMI at 6-month postpartum nor food reinforcement value was related to BOLD response. The insula and putamen appear to encode for visual food cue processing, and the gustatory and somatosensory cortices appear to encode negative prediction errors. Differential response in the somatosensory cortex to the matched cue-taste pairs to negative prediction error may indicate that a palatable cue may dull aversive qualities in the stimulus.
Secure Error Correction using Multi-Party Computation

During recent years with the increase of data and data analysis needs, privacy preserving data analysis methods have become of great importance. Researchers have proposed different methods for this purpose. Secure multi-party computation is one of such techniques that allows a group of parties to evaluate a function on their data without revealing the data. This is done by secret sharing approach, in which parties share a piece of their data using polynomials and after doing function evaluation on shares of data finally they do a Lagrange interpolation to get the result. Two approaches have been proposed in secure multi-party computation for evaluating a function, arithmetic gates and logical gates. In both of them and since communication is an important step in multi-party computation, errors may happen. So, being able to detect and correct errors is important. Moreover, as adversaries may interrupt communication or manipulate the data, either in communication or during computation, this error detection and correction provide participating parties with a technique to detect such errors. Hence, in this paper we present a secure multi-party computation error correcting technique that has the ability to detect and correct errors on players shares. This technique is based on Berlekamp-Welch error correcting codes and we assume that players shares are generated using Reed-Solomon codes.
Culture versus Structure: A Critical Perspective on the Role of Culture in Tax Evasion

ABSTRACT Culture is a somewhat nebulous term, particularly in the context of accounting scholarship. Historically, it has been offered as a factor to explain many economic phenomena, including tax ...
Deviation From Personalized Blood Pressure Targets Is Associated With Worse Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose— Optimal blood pressure (BP) management during the early stages of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remains uncertain. Observational studies have found worse outcomes in pa...
What Outcome Measures Are Reported in the Management of Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries

Background:Lack of uniformity in reported outcomes makes comparisons between acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injury studies challenging. Knowledge of common outcome measures and standardization will ...
Coexisting modes and bifurcation structure in a pair of coupled detuned third order oscillators

Abstract The bifurcation structure of a system of two non-linear coupled oscillators is considered here. This system is motivated by coupled micro-oscillators proposed for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. The model starts from previous work in which the authors considered the bifurcation structure in a pair of identical coupled, oscillators, each of which is modelled by a third-order nonlinear system. In the present paper, the case is considered where the two oscillators are non-identical i.e. detuned from each other. The series of bifurcations obtained is described in detail. It is seen that the symmetry of the bifurcation structure present in the identical oscillators is lost in the detuned oscillators. A very surprising homoclinic bifurcation is seen in one region of the parameter space, and this is examined in more detail through consideration of a simplified system.
A Power Control Game Involving Jamming and Eavesdropping Defense

In this paper, we study the problem of optimal power control for a single carrier communication system when it faces the combined threat of jamming and eavesdropping attacks. The ability for the jammer to react quickly to the user’s action is modeled by using the Stackelberg equilibrium with the jammer as the follower. Likewise, the case when the players have equal capabilities to react to each other is modeled by the players applying the Nash equilibrium strategy. It is shown that the jammer gains in the combined attack, when compared to an attack involving only jamming, since it can get larger payoff applying smaller power resource It is proven that although multiple equilibria could arise all of them return the same payoff to the user but different payoffs to the jammer. This phenomena could be utilized by the user to make the jammer to apply larger jamming resource consuming strategy and to increase SINR (signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio) at the receiver without reducing corresponding secrecy utility.
Bivalve growth and the invisible hand of heterogeneity

A recent study by Saulsbury and colleagues assessed factors influencing growth coefficients in bivalves. Like many macroevolutionary studies that cover a wide range of taxa and environments, this study fails to account for important heterogeneity among taxa and among environments. Rankings of factors depend on the range of values sampled, patterns of allocation of energy to various competing functions, and whether taxa in any given clade are uniform in their growth coefficients. Heterogeneity is universal and must be taken into account in large-scale analyses.
School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Children With Medical Devices—A “BOLUS” of Information About Gastrostomy Tube Malfunctions and Infections:

An important subgroup of children with special healthcare needs are children with medical complexities that require long-term, intensive healthcare interventions and treatments. As medical technology continues to advance and children with complex medical needs survive the neonatal period and progress into school-age, it is essential for school nurses to be able to recognize and acutely manage complications and malfunctions of devices in children requiring assistance from medical devices. An example of a common medical device includes gastrostomy tubes (aka G-tubes or GJ-tubes), ensuring nutrition in children with failure to thrive, significant developmental delay, swallowing dysfunction, or severe gastroesophageal reflux. These devices put children at serious medical or surgical risk when they malfunction, so it is important for healthcare providers, especially school nurses who are the first responders in schools, to recognize malfunctions and initiate appropriate care management.
Effect of hyperketonemia on the diurnal patterns of energy-related blood metabolites in early-lactation dairy cows

ABSTRACT Most dairy cows experience a period of energy deficit in early lactation, resulting in increased plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Our objectives were to determine (1) the diurnal variation in plasma BHB and NEFA, (2) the correlation between plasma NEFA and BHB when accounting for diurnal changes, and (3) the effect of hyperketonemia (HYK) on the diurnal pattern of blood metabolites. Jugular catheters were placed in 28 multiparous Holstein cows between 3 and 9 days in milk, and blood samples were collected every 2 h for 96 h. Cows were retrospectively classified as HYK positive (HYK; n = 13) if they had plasma BHB concentrations ≥1.2 mmol/L for ≥3 study days, or HYK negative (non-HYK; n = 15) if they had plasma BHB concentrations ≥1.2 mmol/L for ≤2 study days. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze concentrations of analytes over time and differences in metabolites between HYK groups. The correlation between total plasma NEFA and BHB was analyzed by calculating the area under the curve for plasma NEFA and BHB for all cows. Plasma NEFA reached a peak approximately 2 h before morning feed delivery, falling to a nadir in the late evening. Plasma BHB was at a nadir at the time of morning feed delivery, peaking 4 h later. We observed a strong positive correlation between daily plasma NEFA and BHB. Additionally, HYK cows had greater concentrations of plasma NEFA and BHB than non-HYK cows. The HYK cows also experienced a greater magnitude of change in BHB throughout the day than the non-HYK cows. Our results suggest that the time relative to feeding should be considered when analyzing plasma metabolites, as classification of energy status may change throughout a day.
Cytoplasmic protein granules organize kinase-mediated RAS signaling

Abstract The spatial organization of a cell includes lipid membrane-based compartments and an emerging class of subcellular structures collectively described as biomolecular condensates1. Lipid membranes act as a biologically active scaffold to concentrate signaling molecules in multiple signal transduction pathways that regulate normal physiology and pathologic conditions such as cancer2. Notably, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated RAS GTPase/MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling is thought to occur exclusively from lipid membrane compartments in mammalian cells3,4. Here, we uncover a membraneless, protein granule-based subcellular structure that can organize RTK/RAS/MAPK signaling. Chimeric (fusion) oncoproteins involving certain RTKs including ALK and RET undergo de novo assembly into cytoplasmic protein granules that locally concentrate the RAS activating complex GRB2/SOS1 and activate RAS in a lipid membrane-independent manner to initiate MAPK signaling. We show that formation of higher-order membraneless protein granules is both necessary and sufficient for RAS/MAPK signaling output in cells. These large-scale protein assemblies are functionally distinct from lower-order oligomerization of cytoplasmic RTK fusion oncoproteins. Our findings reveal membraneless, higher-order cytoplasmic protein assembly as a subcellular platform to activate RAS GTPases and a distinct principle by which cells can organize kinase-mediated oncogenic signaling.
Tubular lysosomes harbor active ion gradients and poise macrophages for phagocytosis

Lysosomes adopt dynamic, tubular states that regulate antigen presentation, phagosome resolution and autophagy. To date, tubular lysosomes have been studied either by inducing autophagy or by activating immune cells, both of which lead to cell states where lysosomal gene expression differs from the resting state. Therefore, it has been challenging to pinpoint the specific biochemical properties lysosomes acquire upon tubulation that could drive their functionality. We describe a DNA-based assembly that tubulates lysosomes in macrophages without activating them. Lumenal proteolytic activity maps at single lysosome resolution revealed that tubular lysosomes were less degradative. Further, they showed striking proximal to distal lumenal pH and Calcium gradients. Such gradients had been predicted, but never previously observed. We now identify a role for tubular lysosomes whereby they poise resting macrophages for phagocytosis. The ability to tubulate lysosomes without having to starve or activate immune cells may help reveal new roles for tubular lysosomes.
Presentation-Order Effect of Product Images on Consumers’ Evaluations in Online Shopping

We investigated how presentation order of product images influences consumers’ imagery processing and ultimately their purchase intentions. The between-subject experimental design was conducted with 2 (order of images) × 4(the number of images) × 2 (dress style replicates). The results showed that in one-image condition, participants were more likely to go through mental imagery processing when they saw an image evoking high mental imagery processing last rather than first, showing the recency effect. In the four-image condition, participants were more likely to be engaged in mental imagery processing when they were exposed to four images evoking high mental imagery processing before the four simple product images than for the reversed order, showing the primacy effect. This research provides theoretical and practical insights for both researchers and online retailers on the effectiveness of ordering product images according to the number of product images to elicit outcomes that are more positive.
Light Field Image Compression

The light field image, also known as the plenoptic image, contains the information about not only the intensity of light in a scene but also the direction of the light rays in space. Since the light field image contains very rich photometric and geometric information, it will have very widespread application in the future. For example, immersive content capture for virtual and mixed reality presentation or depth from light field for auto driving applications. To be more specific, a light field image can be enhanced with physical models for an autonomous decision making process, which is also an important task of the Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS) [11]. Besides, the rich geometry and photometric information contained in the light field can be updated with real-time measurements, which is a focus of DDDAS such as smart city related image and video processing tasks. However, to make the light field images easier to be utilized, one of the most important tasks is to compress the light field images efficiently so they can be easily distributed over the current communication infrastructure.
Diet composition: A proximate mechanism explaining stream salamander declines in surface waters with elevated specific conductivity

Abstract Changes in land use, such as mountaintop removal mining with valley fills (MTR-VF), often results in headwater streams with elevated specific conductivity (SC). Stream salamanders appear to be particularly sensitive to elevated SC, as previous studies have shown occupancy and abundance decline consistently among all species and life stages as SC increases. Yet, the proximate mechanism responsible for the population declines in streams with elevated SC have eluded researchers. We sampled salamander assemblages across a continuous SC gradient (30–1966 μS/cm) in southeastern Kentucky and examined the diet of larval and adult salamanders to determine if the ratio of aquatic to terrestrial prey (autochthony), total prey volume, aquatic prey importance (Ix), and body condition are influenced by SC. Further, we asked if threshold points for each diet component were present along a gradient of SC. Larval salamanders experienced a 12–fold decline in autochthony at 153 μS/cm, a 4.2–fold decline in total prey volume at 100 μS/cm, a 2.2-fold decline in aquatic Ix at 135 μS/cm, and a rapid decline in body condition as SC increased. Adult salamanders experienced a 3–fold decline in autochthony at 382 μS/cm, no change in prey volumes, a 2-fold decline in aquatic Ix at 163 μS/cm, and a decline in body condition as SC increased. Our results indicate that SC indirectly affects stream salamander populations by changing the composition of diet, which suggests that food availability is a proximate mechanism that leads to reduced population occupancy, abundance, and persistence in streams with elevated SC.
Thermal Design of Portable Modular High Performance Computing Data Centers

High performance computing and data center design and infrastructure is vital for the efficient use of supercomputers for applications such as AI and Machine Learning. This work investigates the thermal/fluid characterization of a water-cooled modular data center for the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP). This program requires a shipping container to be deployed to support a number of significant militarily use cases that are not possible with non-transportable supercomputers. One significant challenge with the design of these types of supercomputers is the limited space and therefore higher power density of the electronic equipment. To understand the impact of these constraints, detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed of the IT equipment and the data center. These simulations analyzed the effect of the back pressure on the ability to provide sufficient cooling through the servers. These computational models were developed based on experiment testing to validate the numerical approach. Additionally, a detailed model of the data center was developed to elucidate the impact of the room level impedances such as hoses, overhead power distribution, and other architectural features. The models were used to assess both the operational performance of the system as well as the maintenance on the data center. Lastly, the model was used to assess the impact of the server-level cooling on the overall data center energy efficiency optimization and air flow delivery.
Global Dynamics of MEMS Resonators under Superharmonic Excitation

We present a methodology to simulate the transient and steady-state dynamics of microbeams undergoing small or large motions actuated by combined DC and AC loads. We use our methodology to simulate the dynamics of MEMS resonators excited near half their fundamental natural frequencies (superharmonic excitation). We present results showing the effect of varying the DC bias, the damping, and the AC excitation amplitude on the frequency-response curves. Weshow that the dynamic pull-in phenomenon can occur for a superharmonic excitation at an electric load much lower than that predicted based on static analysis.
Bag Wars and Bank Wars, the Gucci and Banque National de Paris Hostile Bids: European Corporate Culture Responds to Active Shareholders

This essay examines trends in European corporate governance, which shape the context wherein hostile takeovers attempts have occurred. It examines shareholder activism, corporate structure in Europe, and the European Union's (EU) attempts to regulate takeovers. This essay analyzes the takeover experiences involving: 1) Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey's (LVMH) 1999-2001 bid for Gucci, with Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR) serving as Gucci's white knight, and 2) Banque National de Paris' (BNP) 1999 dual-bid for Paribas and Societe General (SG). The essay asks two central questions: 1) why were the European hostile takeovers so prolonged and antagonistic?; and 2) what has been the EU and government responses to these takeovers attempts? This essay makes three contentions about the nature of hostile bids. These European hostile takeovers have been prolonged and antagonistic because: 1) corporate boards have little experience with hostile bidders, 2) traditional corporate culture's method of resolving disputes through conciliation fails with hostile bids, and 3) EU attempts to regulate takeovers may, for the foreseeable, fail to be implemented because of political concerns. With concentrated share ownership and exclusive ranks of executives, traditional European corporate culture resolves its disputes with conciliation. Examples include interlocking boards, meetings, and cross-shareholding arrangements. This method of resolution is unable to resolve shareholder-board disputes, when there is an unsolicited bid for a corporation.
Managing within-class target variability in SAR imagery with a target decomposition model

Modifications in a target's signature caused by minor variations in the target can severely limit the robustness of most techniques designed to find targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery This lack of robustness is a pressing issue for SAR. Part of the problem, perhaps, is that targets have been considered as single units and hence features have been extracted with the assumption of radar cross section (RCS) stability everywhere in their footprints. The author demonstrates the advantage of not considering targets as single units; instead, a target is considered in terms of a spatially decomposed model. The model exploits multiple RCS regions in targets. The key features in the model are that (1) targets can be spatially decomposed into useful RCS regions, (2) pixel values in the target are independent random variables in quarter power, (3) the metric /spl sigma//sub i///spl mu//sub i/ determines the level of RCS stability in these regions, and (4) the random variables pertaining to stable regions are Gaussian distributed. The utility of this model is illustrated through a study case involving a serious problem of signature variability.
Semantic Web for Search

Semantic Web data seems like a promising source of information for improving search. While there is some literature about how semantic data should be used to enhance search, there are no positive conclusions about the best approach. This paper surveys existing approaches to semantic web search, describes adapting a TREC benchmark for evaluation, and proposes a learned representation algorithm for using semantic web data in search.
Twerski & Cohen's Second Revolution: A Systems/Strategic Perspective

In an article published in 1992, Professors Twerski and Cohen suggested that basic principles of the law of informed consent require medical providers to tell their patients about competing providers could perform the same procedures better or more safely. In its 1996 decision in Johnson v. Kokemoor, the Supreme Court of Wisconsin cited Twerski and Cohen's article in holding a neurosurgeon liable for not telling a patient of such a competitor. As a result, Twerski and Cohen now argue, the law of informed consent now stands on the brink of a second revolution. This comment sets forth a systems/strategic analysis of Twerski and Cohen's proposal. That is, using the delivery system for coronary bypass graft surgery as an example, it describes the current system's operation, projects how the system would operate with Twerski and Cohen's proposal in place (by exploring the strategies that patients and providers would be likely to pursue), and then evaluates the two comparatively. The comment concludes that even if the proposal were adopted immediately, the resulting change would proceed at a moderate pace. Over the long run, the proposal would tend to align the interests of providers with those of their patients and work a substantial net improvement in system operation.
Output trajectory tracking based on feedforward learning

This paper presents an iterative scheme for the feedforward output tracking control of a nonlinear system. In each iteration, the system is probed with a finite number of independent input signals and then the corresponding output signals are fitted to the desired output trajectory. For linear time invariant systems, a standard least square problem is solved. For nonlinear systems, this procedure amounts to a Newton-Raphson iteration with an approximate gradient. Simulation results involving the application to a 6-DOF PUMA 560 robot are included.
On the mechanism of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis: dose dependence of uptake and cellular responses.

Cr (VI) compounds are widely used industrial chemicals and are recognized human carcinogens. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with these compounds remain to be investigated. The present study focused on dose-dependence of Cr (VI)-induced uptake and cellular responses. The results show that Cr (VI) is able to enter the cells (human lung epithelial cell line A549) at low concentration (< 10 ltM) and that the Cr (VI) uptake appears to be a combination of saturable transport and passive diffusion. Electron spin resonance (ESR) trapping measurements showed that upon stimulation with Cr (VI), A549 cells were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amount of ROS generated depended on the Cr (VI) concentration. ROS generation involved NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes. Cr (VI) affected the following cellular parameters in a dose-dependent manner, (a) activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-KB, and p53, (b) DNA damage, (c) induction of cell apoptosis, and (d) inhibition of cell proliferation. The activation of transcription factors was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis, DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, cell apoptosis by DNA fragmentation assay, and cell proliferation by a non-radioactive ELISA kit. At the concentration range used in the present study, no thresholds were found in all of these cell responses to Cr (V I). The results may guide further research to better understand and evaluate the risk of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis at low levels of exposure. (Mol Cell Biochem 222: 221 229, 2001)
The nurse's role in diarrhea management

Purpose/objectives To discuss the causes, clinical manifestations, and consequences of diarrhea in the patient with cancer; to describe the oncology nurse's role in the assessment, management, and treatment of cancer-related diarrhea. Data sources Synthesis of published peer-reviewed data, professional experience. Data synthesis The many causes of cancer-related diarrhea include specific types of cancer and specific anticancer treatment regimens (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy). Poorly controlled diarrhea may result in a range of physiologic and psychological effects that extend beyond the patient to significant others and caregivers. Comprehensive assessment of diarrhea is the foundation for the appropriate use of pharmacologic and supportive therapies. Conclusions Diarrhea, much like fatigue, is a symptom that only recently has become a focus of oncology nursing research and focused intervention. Implications for nursing practice Oncology nurses can significantly influence the quality of care given to patients who develop diarrhea as a symptom of cancer or as a sequela of cancer therapy. As such, oncology nurses are challenged to maintain current knowledge of the causes and available treatment strategies for cancer-related diarrhea. Nurses need to rely on their experiential skill and a working knowledge of published research to identify patients at risk. They also must communicate effectively with patients and caregivers in every practice setting about the nature of diarrhea and its causes, as well as develop appropriate interventions for each individual.