cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of a prolonged in vitro exposure to 1-β-D arabinofuranosylcytosine and deoxycytidine on the survival of normal (CFU-GM) and leukemic (L-CFU) human myeloid progenitor cells in suspension culture

We examined the effect of a 96-h exposure to 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) and deoxycytidine (dCyd) in medium lacking an exogenous source of colony-stimulating activity (phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium, PHA-LCM) on the survival of normal human committed myeloid progenitor cells (day-7 and day-14 granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units [CFU-GM] as well as leukemic progenitors (leukemic colony-forming units, L-CFU) derived from myeloblasts obtained from 13 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Coadministration of Ara-C (20-50 microM) in conjunction with dCyd (50-100 microM) permitted the survival of an average of 9%-57% of day-7 CFU-GM and 32%-65% day-14 CFU-GM, depending upon the relative concentrations of dCyd and Ara-C. In contrast, exposure of leukemic myeloblasts to identical regimens resulted in considerably greater reductions in L-CFU survival, which in general exceeded 90% and in some cases was 100%. In addition, exposure of leukemic myeloblasts to Ara-C and dCyd for 96 h in culture medium lacking PHA-LCM eliminated the secondary plating efficiency (PE2) of leukemic colonies in 11 of 13 samples assayed and reduced values dramatically in the remaining 2. Substantial preservation of CFU-GM formation was also noted when normal bone marrow samples depleted of T cells and marrows obtained from two patients with ANLL in remission were assayed. These studies suggest that in contrast to certain normal committed myeloid progenitor cells, leukemic progenitors, particularly those with self-renewal capacity, are highly vulnerable to a prolonged exposure to Ara-C and dCyd in the absence of an exogenous source of colony-stimulating activity. They also raise the possibility that a combined regimen utilizing chemotherapeutic agents in conjunction with modifications of long-term culture techniques may represent a novel approach to the ex vivo purging of leukemic cells from bone marrow in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Estrogen-Androgen Balance in Anovulation

The balance of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in 15 anovulatory patients was evaluated by measuring the daily plasma concentration of E2 and T, and their free and protein-bound fractions for a 3- to 4-week period. Similar daily plasma E2 and T data were obtained from five normal ovulatory cycles as a control group. The daily concentration of the free, non-testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG)-bound (index), and total E2 fluctuated in a wider range than that of the T in the ovulatory as well as in the anovulatory cycles. The percentage of free (%F) and TeBG-bound (%TeBG) fractions of both E2 and T were relatively constant. The concentration of the free, index, and total E2 and T showed a parallel pattern even in anovulatory cycles. An increased %F fraction associated with a decreased %TeBG fraction of E2 and T was observed in anovulatory patients who were hypo- or normoestrogenic; however, an opposite shifting of these two fractions was observed in anovulatory patients who were severely hypoestrogenic. In a hyperestrogen-normoandrogenic state, there was a significant increase in the binding of E2 and T. The daily binding capacity of plasma TeBG revealed a greater fluctuation than the binding fractions, and it decreased in anovulatory patients, especially in the hyperandrogenic state. E2:T ratio of concentration showed a curve-linear relationship to %F, %TeBG, and binding capacity of sex steroids.
Variation in hospital costs and reimbursement for endovascular aneurysm repair: A Vascular Quality Initiative pilot project.

Abstract Objective Comparing costs between centers is difficult because of the heterogeneity of vascular procedures contained in broad diagnosis-related group (DRG) billing categories. The purpose of this pilot project was to develop a mechanism to merge Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) clinical data with hospital billing data to allow more accurate cost and reimbursement comparison for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures across centers. Methods Eighteen VQI centers volunteered to submit UB04 billing data for 782 primary, elective infrarenal EVAR procedures performed by 108 surgeons in 2014. Procedures were categorized as standard or complex (with femoral-femoral bypass or additional arterial treatment) and without or with complications (arterial injury or embolectomy; bowel or leg ischemia; wound infection; reoperation; or cardiac, pulmonary, or renal complications), yielding four clinical groups for comparison. MedAssets, Inc, using cost to charge ratios, calculated total hospital costs and cost categories. Cost variation analyzed across centers was compared with DRG 237 (with major complication or comorbidity) and 238 (without major complication or comorbidity) coding. A multivariable model to predict DRG 237 coding was developed using VQI clinical data. Results Of the 782 EVAR procedures, 56% were standard and 15% had complications, with wide variation between centers. Mean total costs ranged from $31,100 for standard EVAR without complications to $47,400 for complex EVAR with complications and varied twofold to threefold among centers. Implant costs for standard EVAR without complications varied from $8100 to $28,200 across centers. Average Medicare reimbursement was less than total cost except for standard EVAR without complications. Only 9% of all procedures with complications in the VQI were reported in the higher reimbursed DRG 237 category (center range, 0%-21%). There was significant variation in hospitals' coding of DRG 237 compared with their expected rates. VQI clinical data accurately predict current DRG coding (C statistic, 0.87). Conclusions VQI data allow a more precise EVAR cost comparison by identifying comparable clinical groups compared with DRG-based calculations. Total costs exceeded Medicare reimbursement, especially for patients with complications, although this varied by center. Implant costs also varied more than expected between centers for comparable cases. Incorporation of VQI data elements documenting EVAR case complexity into billing data may allow centers to better align respective DRG reimbursement to total costs.
Effects of Hunger and Predation Risk on Foraging Behavior of Graybelly Salamanders, Eurycea multiplicata

We examined the effects of predation and hunger levels on foraging behavior of adult neotenic graybelly salamanders, Eurycea multiplicata griseogaster. Hungry and satiated salamanders were exposed to chemical stimuli from a predatory fish (sculpin, Cottus carolinae) and from two nonpredatory species, golden redhorse fish (Moxostoma erythrurum) and tadpoles of leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala). Latency to attack prey was lengthened in the presence of chemical stimuli from predators regardless of hunger levels, but hungry salamanders had shorter latency times than satiated salamanders. There was no interaction between hunger and threat levels. In addition, salamanders distinguished between chemical stimuli from predatory (sculpin) and nonpredatory (redhorse) fishes; responses to redhorse and tadpole stimuli were not different. Handling times were not affected by either predator treatment or hunger level. In summary, graybelly salamanders can (1) recognize sculpin predators based solely on chemical cues, (2) distinguish between chemical stimuli from predatory and nonpredatory fish, and (3) adjust their foraging behavior according to both hunger and predation risk.
Night of the Living Bread: Unstable Signs in Chester’s ‘Antichrist’

This essay contends that the title character of Chester’s ‘Antichrist’ play disrupts orthodox models of language and theology through his biblical parody and mock resurrections. By destabilizing language and bodies through Antichrist’s stage presence, the play speaks to a historical destabilization of sacred language and actions that arose during the play’s earliest performance period because of the Lollard heresy. These disturbances in turn force theatrical and historical audiences to interpret religious signs through complex hermeneutical frameworks, frameworks I argue that the Chester ‘Antichrist’ play itself constructs.
Epigraphene : epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide

This article presents a review of epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide, from fabrication to properties, put in the context of other forms of graphene
Ultrathin Graphene–Protein Supercapacitors for Miniaturized Bioelectronics

Nearly all implantable bioelectronics are powered by bulky batteries which limit device miniaturization and lifespan. Moreover, batteries contain toxic materials and electrolytes that can be dangerous if leakage occurs. Herein, an approach to fabricate implantable protein-based bioelectrochemical capacitors (bECs) employing new nanocomposite heterostructures in which 2D reduced graphene oxide sheets are interlayered with chemically modified mammalian proteins, while utilizing biological fluids as electrolytes is described. This protein-modified reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite material shows no toxicity to mouse embryo fibroblasts and COS-7 cell cultures at a high concentration of 1600 μg mL-1 which is 160 times higher than those used in bECs, unlike the unmodified graphene oxide which caused toxic cell damage even at low doses of 10 μg mL-1. The bEC devices are 1 μm thick, fully flexible, and have high energy density comparable to that of lithium thin film batteries. COS-7 cell culture is not affected by long-term exposure to encapsulated bECs over 4 d of continuous charge/discharge cycles. These bECs are unique, protein-based devices, use serum as electrolyte, and have the potential to power a new generation of long-life, miniaturized implantable devices.
LOC-S: Improved model and control algorithm for a stall recovery on-board avionics system

The Trajectory Recovery System (TRS), developed at the Florida Institute of Technology, is a proof-of-concept inflight loss of control due to stalls (ILOC-S) guidance recovery avionic system prototype. When sensing a stall, this on-board technology replaces the pilot's primary flight display (PFD) with a custom designed one, which includes only pitch attitude data and a target that prompts the pilot to follow it. A successful following of the target causes the aircraft to recover from the stall. This paper focuses on the method of control that the system utilizes to function, including the design of a potential automated controller, and the requirements to implement it in a flight simulator. The TRS has been successfully integrated in a Boeing 737–800 simulator at the Human-Centered Design Institute, and has undergone both development flight tests as well as expert-pilot experimentation. The challenges involved with performing stall experimentation in a flight simulator have also been explained in this paper.
Embracing Uncertainty in Reconstructing Early Animal Evolution

Summary The origin of animals, one of the major transitions in evolution, remains mysterious. Many key aspects of animal evolution can be reconstructed by comparing living species within a robust phylogenetic framework. However, uncertainty remains regarding the evolutionary relationships between two ancient animal lineages — sponges and ctenophores — and the remaining animal phyla. Comparative morphology and some phylogenomic analyses support the view that sponges represent the sister lineage to the rest of the animals, while other phylogenomic analyses support ctenophores, a phylum of carnivorous, gelatinous marine organisms, as the sister lineage. Here, we explore why different studies yield different answers and discuss the implications of the two alternative hypotheses for understanding the origin of animals. Reconstruction of ancient evolutionary radiations is devilishly difficult and will likely require broader sampling of sponge and ctenophore genomes, improved analytical strategies and critical analyses of the phylogenetic distribution and molecular mechanisms underlying apparently conserved traits. Rather than staking out positions in favor of the ctenophores-sister or the sponges-sister hypothesis, we submit that research programs aimed at understanding the biology of the first animals should instead embrace the uncertainty surrounding early animal evolution in their experimental designs.
Haiti: Problems of a Transition to Democracy in an Authoritarian Soft State

Few Countries In The World, and certainly none in this hemisphere, could lay more claims to the title “original heroic land” than Haiti. If, indeed, such things mattered in this world, Haitians could rightfully note that, at a time when the dominant secular and religious ideologies defined the African as subhuman and thus “naturally enslavable,” Haitians challenged and defeated the supreme advocates of those doctrines, and their heroism became the stimulus for other liberation attempts. Not much after independence in 1804, Haitians opened their ports and hearts to all those battling slavery and oppression. Many benefitted from this daring act. Defeated and abandoned by many around him, Simon Bolivar turned to Haiti and they, not once, but twice, acted to help, true to their vows. Quite correctly did Bolivar write Petion that the liberation of America was only one of the debts owed Haiti.
The “Classical” Results on Serre’s Conjecture

It is fairly easy to see that any rank 1 f.g. projective module over k[t1, ..., t n ] (k a field) is free. To give a proof of this, we start with the following characterization of rank 1 projective modules over any (commutative) integral domain.
A Measurement of the Interstellar 12C/ 13C Isotop IC Abundance Ratio Toward ζOPH from Observations of the λ3957 Line of CH+

Until recently no visible wavelength line of a secondary isotopic species of any atom or molecule had been detected in the interstellar medium with the sole exception of the λ4232 line of 13CH+ which is seen in absorption against ζOph (Bortolot and Thaddeus, 1969; Vanden Bout, 1972). This single line together with rocket observations of the CO ultraviolet bands (Smith and Stecher, 1969) has provided our total knowledge of the relative abundance of 13C in the very local (d < 200 pc) interstellar gas contained in the diffuse clouds typified by the ζOph cloud.
miR-186 suppresses cell proliferation and anchorage-independence in a metastatic prostate cancer cell line

MicroRNA (miR) dysregulation alters the expression of cancer related genes and contributes to disease states in many cancers. For example, ectopic miR-186 expression leads to enhanced cell prolifer...
Designing artificial personalities using Jungian theory

The need to consider the design of artificial personalities may become more important as the number of Web applications incorporating a human appearance and intending to simulate human dialog increases. Carl Jung's theory of personality types is a topology derived from innate preferences regarding how humans receive and process information. This article explores the possible applicability of Jung's theory of personality to the design of artificial entities.
Online Learning of Temporal Logic Formulae for Signal Classification

This paper introduces a method for online inference of temporal logic properties from data. Specifically, we tackle the online supervised learning problem. In this setting, the data is in form of a set of pairs of signals and labels and it becomes available over time. We propose an approach for efficiently processing the data incrementally. In particular, when a new instance is presented, the proposed method updates a binary tree that is linked with the inferred Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formula. This approach presents several benefits. Primarily, it allows the refinement of the current formula when more data is acquired. Moreover, the incremental construction offers insights on the trade-off between formula complexity and classification accuracy. We present two case studies to emphasize the characteristics of the proposed algorithm: 1) a fault classification problem in an automotive system and 2) an anomaly detection problem in the maritime environment.
Molecular Recognition of Structures Is Key in the Polymerization of Patterned Barnacle Adhesive Sequences.

The permanent adhesive produced by adult barnacles is held together by tightly folded proteins that form amyloid-like materials distinct among marine foulants. In this work, we link stretches of alternating charged and noncharged linear sequences from a family of adhesive proteins to their role in forming fibrillar nanomaterials. Using recombinant proteins and short barnacle cement derived peptides (BCPs), we find a central sequence with charged motifs of the pattern [Gly/Ser/Val/Thr/Ala-X], where X are charged amino acids, to exert specific control over timing, structure, and morphology of fibril formation. While most BCPs remain dormant, the core segment demonstrates rapid polymerization as well as an ability to template other peptides with no propensity for self-assembly. Patterned charge domains assemble dormant peptides through a specific antiparallel β-sheet structure as measured by FTIR. While charged domains favor an antiparallel structure, BCPs without charged domains switch fibril assembly to fa...
Carrots, Sticks, and Performance: Is It Commitment, or Commitment Plus Control?

The field of strategic human resource management has established a clear positive relationship between human resource (HR) practices and organizational performance. However, much of the research in...
Towards Guideline-Based Management of Tethered Cord Syndrome in Spina Bifida: A Global Health Paradigm Shift in the Era of Prenatal Surgery

An estimated 60% of the world's population lives in Asia, where the incidence of neural tube defects is high. Aware that tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is an important comorbidity, the purpose of this systematic review was to explore the treatment of TCS among individuals living with spina bifida (SB) in Asia. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published from January 2000 to June 2018. Search terms such as 'spinal dysraphism,' 'spinabifida,' 'diastematomyelia,' 'lipomeningocele,' 'lypomyelomeningocele,' 'meningomyelocele,' and 'tethered cord syndrome' were used in diverse combinations. Of the 1,290 articles that were identified in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, 15 Asia-based studies met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences in the diagnostic criteria and management of TCS were documented. As the surgical techniques for prenatal closure of the spinal defect continue to evolve, their adoption internationally is likely to continue. In this setting, a clear and evidence-based approach to the definition and management of TCS is essential. The recent publication by the Spina Bifida Association of America of their updated care guidelines may serve as a tool used to promote a systematized approach to diagnosing and treating TCS among individuals with SB in the region, as well as globally.
The Sociohistorical Context of Psychotherapy Integration

This handbook collects in one place a significant sampling of the most current and important work in psychotherapy integration. Psychotherapy integration is a subspeciality of the ongoing clinical, theoretical, and empirical scholarship in the general areas of psychotherapeutic process, technique, and outcome. It is a specialization and a field of inquiry with a relatively short but highly controversial history. Psychotherapy integration is both a set of ideas and theories and a group of technical procedures and innovations which arise from such academic and scholastic pursuits. In the last decade, the investigation of such constructs and methods of practice has moved from the fringes of respectability and clinical awareness to assume a more legitimate and prominent place in the broader fields of psychotherapeutic research and practice.
Chapter VII: On National Power

Sarmiento characterizes South America as an immense continent with a limited population, a place with fertile land without the knowledge to make it productive. He proposes to follow the example of the United States and make Argentina “the homeland of all who come from Europe.” He wants European immigrants to populate the country because “the more Europeans come to a country, the more a country will look like Europe,” which is something he sees already taking place in the United States. To attract immigrants, he proposes to use the Topographical Department as the institution that would distribute uncultivated land among the colonists for a set price. He concludes by renewing his call for the promotion of immigration.
Neighborhood Center Image and Rents

The impact of neighborhood-center image on rental rates is empirically modeled and tested. The neighborhood-center anchor does not substantially affect in-line, nonanchor rental rates and is more a proxy for a neighborhood center's trade-area economic base than an actual determinant of neighborhood-center rental rates. Image-related facilities’ specific variables do affect rental rates. Concurrently, relative center size does impact rental rates, providing marginal support for the use of gravity models at the property subtype level. More modeling of retail rents and sales activity is warranted.
Synthetic Wastewater Treatment using Agro-Based Adsorbents

This study was undertaken to determine the treatment a binary mixture of dye wastewater (containing Naphthol Green B) and the sugar industry wastewater for removal of color. The specific treatment in the current research consists of adsorption using low-cost adsorbents and microfiltration using Whatman-41 microfilters. Considerations of this treatment process are to take the samples using batch adsorption and avoid coagulation with further dilution. Numerous runs are made, with the ideal waste samples prepared in the laboratory. As a 1st step in the study, different dye concentrations are considered using different concentrations of sugar wastewater. Samples are treated with 3 different Agro-based low-cost adsorbents (orange peel, peanut hull, and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)). Transmittance values for Naphthol Green B after treatment with orange peel and peanut hull are 83.12 % and 76.98 % respectively. Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425 µm size. Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage. The values of transmittance after treatment with PAC are taken as the datum for the comparison of adsorption performance after treatment using orange peel and peanut hull. Peanut hull has the highest Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon (NPOC) measurement of 37.86 mg/L when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater. Similarly, when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater, orange peel contributes to the NPOC value of 35.06 mg/L. These treated samples using low-cost adsorbents can be considered as pre-treated wastewater that can be sent to municipal wastewater treatment plants. HIGHLIGHTS Orange Peel and Peanut Hull are the Agro-based low-cost adsorbents for color removal Wastewater treated with Peanut Hull has high Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon measurement Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425µm size Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage Powdered Activated Carbon is considered as a reference adsorbent in this study GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Youth-centered maternity care: a binational qualitative comparison of the experiences and perspectives of Latina adolescents and healthcare providers.

Although there is growing recognition of the importance of person-centered maternity care, the needs and perspectives of pregnant adolescents are rarely considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the maternity care experiences of Mexican-origin adolescents in Guanajuato, Mexico and Fresno, California from both youth and healthcare provider perspectives. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 89 respondents, including 74 pregnant and parenting adolescents as well as 15 providers between December 2016 and July 2017. Adolescents also completed a short demographic survey prior to participation. Transcripts in English and Spanish were coded and thematically analyzed using Dedoose software. Results were compared by location and between youth and providers. Four themes emerged regarding patient-provider interactions: the need for communication and clear explanations, respectful versus judgmental providers, engaging youth in decision-making, and a focus on the age of the youth and their partners. While youth had similar perspectives and priorities in both locations, youth in Mexico reported more negative healthcare experiences than youth in California. Perspectives varied between the youth and providers, with providers in both California and Mexico identifying several structural challenges in providing quality care to adolescents. In California, challenges to supporting immigrant Latina adolescents and their families included language and translation issues as well as barriers to care due to immigration status and documentation. In both locations, providers also mentioned high patient caseloads and their own concerns about the youth’s life choices. Youth-centered care requires more effective and respectful patient-provider communication, where adolescents are engaged in their healthcare decision-making and delivery options. Changes in patient-provider interactions can help improve the maternity care experiences and outcomes of Latina adolescents. Healthcare systems and providers need to reconfigure their approaches to focus on the needs and priorities of adolescents.
Radiation-Induced Bilateral Oculomotor Nerve Palsy 20 Years After Radiation Treatment.

Radiation therapy, a common treatment for head, neck, and brain cancers, can result in iatrogenic damage to neural tissue, including cranial nerves.1-4 Postradiation neurologic injuries present during acute (days to weeks after radiation), early-delayed (weeks to months), or late-delayed (beyond 6 months) phases.5 Cranial neuropathy is uncommon and occurs during the late-delayed phase, usually months to a few years after radiation treatment,1,3-5 but can also occur decades later.6 Here, we describe a presentation of bilateral, sequential, radiation-induced oculomotor nerve palsy that developed after 2 decades.
Correction of a Squeaky Knee After ACL Reconstruction Surgery: A Case Report.

CASE We report a squeaking knee complication on weight-bearing and active flexion-extension because of a migrating nonabsorbable FiberWire suture in a 16-year-old boy who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Although not physically limiting, the noise caused psychological distress in our patient as a young adult. As the noise did not resolve with nonsurgical treatment, we performed arthroscopic surgical correction and removed loose FiberWire strands protruding from the femoral tunnel which completely eliminated the sound. CONCLUSIONS Squeaking knee complications because of migrating nonabsorbable sutures post-ACL reconstruction surgery do not heal with time and can be corrected surgically.
Systematically inferring I/O performance variability by examining repetitive job behavior

Monitoring and analyzing I/O behaviors is critical to the efficient utilization of parallel storage systems. Unfortunately, with increasing I/O requirements and resource contention, I/O performance variability is becoming a significant concern. This paper investigates I/O behavior and performance variability on a large-scale high-performance computing (HPC) system using a novel methodology that identifies similarity across jobs from the same application leveraging an I/O characterization tool and then, detects potential I/O performance variability across jobs of the same application. We demonstrate and discuss how our unique methodology can be used to perform temporal and feature analyses to detect interesting I/O performance variability patterns in production HPC systems, and their implications for operating/managing large-scale systems.
β-Adrenoceptor-effector system of the human macrophage U937 cell line

Abstract Like animal peritoneal macrophages, cells of the U937 human macrophage cell line were found to possess β- adrenoceptors with a density of ≈ 1400 sites/cell of the β 2 - subtype . Agonist occupancy increased adenylate cyclase activity and lead to rapid sequestration of cell surface receptors, functional desensitization, and receptor downregulation. Thus human macrophages possess β- adrenoceptors and the U937 cell provides a system for studying the interactions of this receptor with macrophage immune function.
Diversification and gene flow in nascent lineages of island and mainland North American tree squirrels (Tamiasciurus).

Pleistocene climate cycles and glaciations had profound impacts on taxon diversification in the Boreal Forest Biome. Using population genetic analyses with multilocus data, we examined diversification, isolation, and hybridization in two sibling species of tree squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglasii and Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) with special attention to the geographically and genetically enigmatic population of T. hudsonicus on Vancouver Island, Canada. The two species differentiated only about 500,000 years ago, in the Late Pleistocene. The island population is phylogenetically nested within T. hudsonicus according to our nuclear analysis but within T. douglasii according to mitochondrial DNA. This conflict is more likely due to historical hybridization than to incomplete lineage sorting, and it appears that bidirectional gene flow occurred between the island population and both species on the mainland. This interpretation of our genetic analyses is consistent with our bioclimatic modeling, which demonstrates that both species were able to occupy this region throughout the Late Pleistocene. The divergence of the island population 40,000 years ago suggests that tree squirrels persisted in a refugium on Vancouver Island at the last glacial maximum, 20,000 years ago. Our observations demonstrate how Pleistocene climate change and habitat shifts have created incipient divergence in the presence of gene flow.
Cache management for discrete processor architectures

Many schemes had been used to reduce the performance (or speed) gap between processors and main memories; such as the cache memory is one of the most methods. In this paper, we issue the structure of shared cache, which is based on the multiprocessor architectures to reduce the memory latency time that is the one of major performance bottlenecks of modern processors. In this paper, we mix two schemes, sharing cache and multithreading, to implement this proposed multithreaded architecture with shared cache, to reduce the memory latency and, furthermore improve the processor performance. In this proposed multithreaded architecture, the shared cache is achieved in level-1 (L1) data cache. The L1 shared data cache is combination of cache clock in the single space address and a cache controller to solve the required data transmitting, data copies simultaneously, and reduce memory latency time.
Comorbid tics have no effect on response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder

ABSTRACT FROM: Conelea CA, Walther WR, Freeman JB, et al . Tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): phenomenology and treatment outcome in the paediatric OCD treatment study II. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;53:1308–16. Tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a DSM-5 diagnostic subtype that is estimated to occur in 10–40% of cases with childhood onset.1 Studies comparing tic-related and non-tic-related OCD have found consistent differences in sex, onset age, comorbidity and course, but inconsistent differences in OCD symptoms and prevalence of OCD and tics in first-degree relatives.1 ,2 Medication trials have indicated that tic-related OCD is less responsive to sertraline, fluvoxamine and paroxetine; however, tic history appears to have no effect on the response of OCD in youth to either individual or group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).1 ,3 Study aims were to use a broad definition of tic-related OCD to examine whether children with tics in the Pediatric OCD Treatment …
Uncovering barriers to participation through mapping citywide computing opportunities in Chicago: What do we mean by access?

Unequal access to quality learning opportunities is a key issue that shapes who is able to participate in computing relevant communities and jobs [1]. Although many educators, government officials, and business professionals acknowledge the need to provide computer science education to all youth, access to computing opportunities is still limited [2]. Understanding the current state of available learning opportunities is an initial step in addressing gaps, barriers, and unequal access. In this poster we present our in-progress mapping of the computer science ecosystem in the city of Chicago. As we present the landscape we ask: How accessible are the educational opportunities for youth in Chicago, particularly youth who are traditionally underrepresented in computing careers. The barriers to participation revealed through our mapping process include transportation, the time schedules of programs, and the lack of opportunities for elementary youth. Our findings suggest that in order to broaden participation in computing there is a need to 1) increase the number of local computing opportunities, and 2) to create opportunities that acknowledge the realities facing low-income and working class households, realities that include child care constraints, rigid work schedules, and limited disposable income.
College Textbook Publishing in the 1970s

Two-thirds of all books purchased each year in the United States are bought in an educational context. Yet very little has been written about educational publishing in general and college textbooks in particular. This article presents a general discussion of college textbooks, covering their role in American higher education; the economics of textbook publishing; the ways in which texts are created; constraints on innovation in text publishing; and the concept of the “managed” textbook.
Psychometrics of a simple method for scoring organizational approach on the Rey‐Osterrieth complex figure

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) is a commonly used neuropsychological measure that assesses visuospatial processing, planning and visuomotor integration. Using samples of clinically referred (N = 20) and non-clinical (N = 44) adults, the present study examines the psychometric properties of a simple method of scoring organizational approach to the ROCF. Developed by Savage et al. (1999) and refined by Deckersbach et al. (2000), this simple 5-point organizational scoring system allows for the quick and accurate assessment of organizational quality. Results suggest that this system is internally consistent and can be scored reliably. Correlations with measures of visuomotor integration and accuracy of rendition after a delay provide evidence of convergent validity. Organization scores were independent of both Verbal and Performance IQ estimates. However, discriminant validity analyses found that high-functioning patients referred for a neuropsychological assessment did not score significantly different from a non-clinical sample, raising questions about the diagnostic utility of this measure with less impaired populations. Implications for clinical practice are discussed, as are directions for future research.
Origin of the Eukaryotic Nucleus Determined by Rate-Invariant Analysis of rRNA Sequences

The origin of the eukaryotic nucleus is difficult to reconstruct. Eukaryotic organelles (chloroplast, mitochondrion) are eubacterial endosymbionts, but the source of nuclear genes has been obscured by multiple nucleotide substitutions. Using evolutionary parsimony, a newly developed rate-invariant treeing algorithm, the eukaryotic ribosomal rRNA genes are shown to have evolved from the eocytes, a group of extremely thermophilic, sulphur-metabolizing, anucleate cells. The deepest bifurcation yet found separates the reconstructed tree into two taxonomic divisions. These are a proto-eukaryotic group (karyotes) and an essentially bacterial one (parkaryotes). Within the precision of the rooting procedure, the tree is not consistent with either the prokaryotic-eukaryotic or the archaebacterial-eubacterial-eukaryotic groupings. It implies that the last common ancestor of extant life, and the early ancestors of eukaryotes, probably lacked nuclei, metabolized sulphur and lived at near-boiling temperatures.
Model calibration and beam control systems for storage rings

Electron beam storage rings and linear accelerations are rapidly gaining worldwide popularity as scientific devices for the production of high-brightness synchrotron radiation. Today, everybody agrees that there is a premium on calibrating the storage ring model and determining errors in the machine as soon as possible after the beam is injected. In addition, the accurate optics model enables machine operators to predictably adjust key performance parameters, and allows reliable identification of new errors that occur during operation of the machine. Since the need for model calibration and beam control systems is common to all storage rings, software packages should be made that are portable between different machines. In this paper, we report on work directed toward achieving in-situ calibration of the optics model, detection of alignment errors, and orbit control techniques, with an emphasis on developing a portable system incorporating these tools.
Structural Damage Detection Using a Minimum Rank Update Theory

The algorithm makes use of an original finite element model and a subset of measured eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The developed theory approaches the damage location and extent problem in a decoupled fashion. First, a theory is developed to determine the location of structural damage. With location determined, an extent algorithm is then developed. The extent algorithm is a minimum rank update, which is consistent with the effects of many classes of structural damage on a finite element model. If the actual damage results in a rank p change to the finite element model, then the extent algorithm produces exact results if p eigenvalues and eigenvectors are measured exactly
An examination of spectral band ratioing to reduce the topographic effect on remotely sensed data

Spectral-band ratioing of radiance data is examined as a means of reducing the topographic effect in multispectral data. A ground-based nadir-pointing two-channel radiometer filtered for the red and photographic IR portions of the spectrum was used to measure the topographic effect associated with a uniform surface inclined from horizontal to 60 deg at 16 compass points and for several solar elevations. It is found that ratioing reduced the topographic effect in the field-measured radiance data by an average of 83%, that the remaining topographic effect could be further reduced by subtracting the scattered-light component of the global irradiance before ratioing, and that ratioing was not effective in reducing the topographic effect on shaded surfaces illuminated solely by scattered light. It is concluded that additional variations in ratios can be expected for Landsat data owing to sensor calibration and quantization.
Patterns of treatment among a cohort of older low-income adults starting new medications for osteoporosis

Summary Among 125,954 new users of osteoporosis (OP) medications, 77 % of subjects stopped OP medications, and 23 % of subjects added or started a new OP medication during follow-up, with the first addition or start of a new OP medication occurring in a mean of 739 days after original OP treatment.
A coarse semi-analytical lattice model for lifetime statistics of loaded hierarchical materials

The mechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials is often modeled with the use of elastic lattices, in which the defects can be imitated by the removal of lattice structure elements. This paper shows that in the case of lifetime calculations it may be possible to replace a conventional 3D elastic lattice by a 2D ordinary site percolation lattice. The considered case of crystalline polymeric materials, constant tensile moderate load and global defect nucleation rate results in Weibull lifetime distribution. The Weibull shape parameter is shown to be proportional to the power of the inverse load, which is confirmed by well-known experimental data.
Strategies to prevent intravascular placement of epidural catheter.

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Kundra et al. [1] regarding resistance to the insertion of epidural catheter and intravascular placement. It is interesting to note that resistance was felt in a large number of patients in the study (83 out of 120; 69.12%) at insertion length of 2.5 cm during the epidural catheter placement. However, only 7.5% of these patients had intravascular placement, which suggests that this resistance felt by researchers may not be necessarily due to blood vessels. It is also not clear from the article for the reasons for this resistance. In view of this, it is difficult to say that the advancement of catheter more than 2.5 cm, despite resistance may cause intravascular placement, as suggested by researchers. There are at least three studies that demonstrate safe and successful placement of epidural catheter up to 5 cm in length in laboring patients [2]. Though the optimal insertion length of epidural catheter is not conclusive, there should be a balance between successful epidural analgesia and strategies taken to minimize complications [3]. We would also like to point out that there are at least five strategies to prevent intravascular placement of epidural catheter. As per the previous studies, these strategies are; fluid injection before catheter insertion [4], lateral position during the procedure, use of single orifice, wireembedded catheters [5], and epidural insertion length not more than 6 cm [2]. Recent systematic review by Mhyre et al. [5] published in April 2009 has discussed these strategies in detail for the prevention of intravascular placement of epidural catheter in laboring patients. Though this systematic review did not recommend one particular strategy over another to prevent intravascular placement, more studies support lateral position during the procedure and fluid injection before catheter insertion. Also, there is little evidence to support the practice of a paramedian versus midline approach or using a smaller epidural needle. So it is advisable to use multiple strategies to prevent intravascular placement of the catheter rather than relying on single strategy.
Evaluation of psychology training: A goal oriented approach

Abstract This paper reports a consumer-oriented program evaluation of a master's-level clinical psychology training program. A goal attainment model of evaluation was employed, requiring specification of program goals, development of goal-related objectives and hypotheses, and formulation of recommendations for program modification based on results achieved. Two consumer groups were surveyed: (a) Graduates completing training during the 11 year period covered by the study (1971–1981) and, (b) Supervisors of more recent graduates (1977–1981) in their initial post graduation employment. Design and methodology are emphasized, rather than results, for their generic value and potential application to other training programs.
The response of scene call volume to prehospital education

Introduction: Transport of injured patients directly from a scene to a trauma center improves survival of patients and shortens their length of stay in the hospital. This paper studies the relationship between education presentations to prehospital personnel and scene call volume. The education sessions emphasize safety issues and how, when, and why to call for air medical transport. Methods: The town and date of scene flights were compared to the town and date of flight presentations and aircraft demonstrations. The length of time from a presentation to a scene call for each town was determined, and a cumulative frequency graph was drawn. Epidemiologic curves of presentations and calls were drawn for each town. Based on these graphs, observations of a relationship were obtained. Results: There were 65 scene calls to 27 towns that had no education programs. There were 880 scene calls to 90 towns that had 235 education programs. There were 21 towns that received a total of 41 presentations and never initiated a scene call. The results show that scene call requests are more likely to occur within three months of a presentation. Individual town analysis shows variability of response to education programs. Conclusion: Prehospital provider education programs increase scene call volume, but this effect seems to last for three months. On a town-by-town basis there are many other determinants of scene call volume.
NF-κB inhibition enhances peroxynitrite-induced enterocyte apoptosis

Abstract Background. Sustained overproduction of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis and inflammatory bowel disease may promote gut barrier failure by inducing enterocyte apoptosis. NF-κB is upregulated in the gut during inflammation and, in addition to its proinflammatory effects, may upregulate protective or antiapoptotic factors such as inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). We have previously demonstrated that NF-κB inhibition increases cytokine-induced enterocyte apoptosis; however, the effect of NF-κB on ONOO − -induced enterocyte apoptosis is unknown. Materials and methods. Rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were transfected with the adenoviral vector AdIκB or AdlacZ. AdIκB contains a mutated form of IκB which functions as a superrepressor of NF-κB. Cells were then treated with 50 μM ONOO − or decomposed ONOO − . Apoptosis was then determined by flow cytometry with annexin V–FITC and propidium iodide staining. Caspase activation and IAP, Bcl-2, Bad, and Bax expression were examined using Western blot analysis, and NF-κB activation was determined via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results. Inhibition of NF-κB with AdIκB significantly enhanced ONOO − -induced apoptosis in IEC-6 cells. ONOO − treatment did not activate NF-κB in IEC-6 cells as determined by EMSA. There was no difference in IAP, Bcl-2, Bad, and Bax expression between nontransfected, AdlacZ-transfected, and AdIκB-transfected cells. Baseline procaspase 3 activation was increased in AdIκB-transfected cells. Conclusions. NF-κB inhibition enhances ONOO − -induced enterocyte apoptosis, suggesting that NF-κB upregulates a protective factor. This protective factor does not appear to be an IAP or Bcl-2 family member and may be expressed constitutively, since ONOO − did not activate NF-κB over baseline levels of activation.
Propeller-type parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes in the human c-myc promoter.

The nuclease-hypersensitivity element III1 in the c-myc promoter is a good anticancer target since it largely controls transcriptional activation of the important c-myc oncogene. Recently, the guanine-rich strand of this element has been shown to form an equilibrium between G-quadruplex structures built from two different sets of G-stretches; two models of intramolecular fold-back antiparallel-stranded G-quadruplexes, called “basket” and “chair” forms, were proposed. Here, we show by NMR that two sequences containing these two sets of G-stretches form intramolecular propeller-type parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes in K+-containing solution. The two structures involve a core of three stacked G-tetrads formed by four parallel G-stretches with all anti guanines and three double-chain-reversal loops bridging three G-tetrad layers. The central loop contains two or six residues, while the two other loops contain only one residue.