cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controversies surrounding diet and breast cancer

What we know about prevention of breast cancer is related to lifetime oestrogen exposure and exposures to specific oestrogens at vulnerable periods of life. This can be influenced by diet. The strongest indicator of a diet-related effect to date is the fairly consistent increase in breast cancer among women who are tall or obese (Hunter & Willett, 1993). The other dietary factors summarized in Table 1 are less strongly associated with breast-cancer risk in epidemiological studies. The relationship between fat and breast-cancer risk has been extensively studied but remains somewhat uncertain. Fat, as a contributor to energy intakes and energy imbalance, is probably a factor in the higher breast-cancer rates in Western countries. Beyond its role as an energy source, the evidence for an independent effect of dietary fat on breast-cancer risk is weak. More focused analyses of the role of individual fatty acids, and on lipid-related pesticide exposures, may reveal strong effects which are currently masked by the use of inadequate exposure measures, as well as by measurement error. Currently, there is substantial evidence of a weak relationship with alcohol consumption, even at frequencies of drinking of less than once daily. The evidence of a protective role for antioxidants is weaker for breast cancer than for other cancers. This might by expected in a cancer which is not strongly associated with cigarette smoking. Specific foods are being studied for other potentially-active ingredients which may be involved in hormone metabolism, but conclusive results for soyabean or cruciferous vegetables are not yet available. Studying these relationships will continue to be a challenge for researchers because of the difficulties in measuring dietary exposures, which is complicated by the uncertainty of the relevant time frame for exposure assessment. While substantial attention has been focused on studying diet in relation to incidence, the potential for diet to reduce recurrence of breast cancer is thoroughly under-studied. There is little reason to believe that the factors which influence the incidence of breast cancer, perhaps during childhood and puberty, are the same as those which affect recurrence in adulthood. In this area, the very limited evidence available suggests that study of biologically-active fatty acids is promising.
Listening to Audiences: A Brief Rationale and History of Audience Research in Popular Media Studies

Abstract Popular media may be described as television, film, radio, and print media primarily offered for the purpose of entertainment. Such popular media have been the object of critical analysis for decades, both for academic scholars and popular pundits. Our focus is not on quantitative or experimental research concerning popular media effects, but instead on qualitative scholarship that seeks to interpret and critically engage such media. For the past several decades, scholarship informed only by the critic's analysis of the so-called texts of popular media has been augmented by scholarship that recognizes the need to listen to audience members. The point of this article is to provide a brief rationale and history of such audience research.
Synthesis of new carbon-11 labeled benzoxazole derivatives for PET imaging of 5-HT3 receptor

Abstract 5-HT3 receptor is an attractive target for the development of therapeutic agents for use in brain, heart and cancer diseases, and imaging agents for use in biomedical imaging technique PET. Benzoxazole derivatives are a novel class of 5-HT3 receptor partial agonists with high binding affinity. Carbon-11 labeled benzoxazole derivatives have been synthesized as new potential PET radioligands for imaging 5-HT3 receptor. The target tracers were prepared by N-[11C]methylation of their corresponding precursors using [11C]CH3OTf and isolated by HPLC purification procedure in 40–50% radiochemical yields, which were decay corrected to the end of bombardment (EOB), based on [11C]CO2. The overall synthesis time was 20–25 min from EOB. The radiochemical purity was >99%, and specific activity was in a range of 74–111 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis (EOS).
The Parent/Guardian Empowerment in Schools Scale:

Parent/guardian engagement in schools is critical for children's academic success and social–emotional development. Some parents, however, are more engaged than others, suggesting that these parent...
LPTA: A Probabilistic Model for Latent Periodic Topic Analysis

This paper studies the problem of latent periodic topic analysis from time stamped documents. The examples of time stamped documents include news articles, sales records, financial reports, TV programs, and more recently, posts from social media websites such as Flickr, Twitter, and Face book. Different from detecting periodic patterns in traditional time series database, we discover the topics of coherent semantics and periodic characteristics where a topic is represented by a distribution of words. We propose a model called LPTA (Latent Periodic Topic Analysis) that exploits the periodicity of the terms as well as term co-occurrences. To show the effectiveness of our model, we collect several representative datasets including Seminar, DBLP and Flickr. The results show that our model can discover the latent periodic topics effectively and leverage the information from both text and time well.
Developing success criteria for restored eelgrass, salt marsh and mud flat habitats

Abstract When estuarine habitats are restored, it is crucial to determine their success or failure. How can we tell, bringing a minimum of preconceived notions to the task and using a valid scientific process, if the functions and values of habitats have been recreated and returned to the estuary? In the New Hampshire Port Mitigation Project (1993–1995), we formulated literature-based success criteria (SC), but could not quantitatively defend their scientific validity. We are now using the project as a laboratory for developing and testing rigorous SC. We developed indicators of chosen habitat functions, then created statistical representations of natural, local reference sites for comparison to the functional development of restored habitats. An explanation of the steps in developing and testing the method are followed by a test application of our SC methodology using the data from eelgrass transplant sites (6.2 acres) created for the New Hampshire Port Mitigation Project. At the same time, we are developing a methodology for a more generic model of SC that we are applying to the restorations of salt marsh and mud flat for the Port Mitigation. We believe the methodology to develop and apply SC is transferable to other locations and habitats not only because of its objective foundation but because it is based on data collected locally.
Unsteady, Half-Annulus CFD Calculations of Thermal Migration Through a Cooled, 2.5 Stage High-Pressure Turbine

This paper presents an industrial perspective on the potential use of multiple-airfoil row, unsteady CFD calculations in high-pressure turbine design cycles. A sliding-mesh unsteady CFD simulation is performed for a high-pressure turbine section of a modern aviation engine at conditions representative of engine take-off. The turbine consists of two stages plus a center-frame strut upstream of the low-pressure turbine. The airfoil counts per row are such that a half-annulus model domain must be simulated for periodicity. The total model domain size is 170MM computational grid points, and the solution requires approximately 9 days of clock time on 6,288 processing cores of a Cray XE6 supercomputer. Airfoil and endwall cooling flows are modeled via source term additions to the flow. The endwall flowpath cavities and their purge/leakage flows are resolved in the computational meshes to an extent. The time-averaged temperature profile solution is compared with static rake data taken in engine tests. The unsteady solution shows a considerable improvement in agreement with the rake data, compared with a steady-state solution using circumferential mixing planes. Passage-to-passage variations in gas temperature prediction are present in the 2nd stage, due to non-periodic alignment between the nozzle vanes and rotor blades. These passage-to-passage differences are quantified and contrasted.© 2013 ASME
Clinical Laboratory Measures in Relation to Depression, Disability, and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients

To characterize the dimensions of physiological abnormalities that commonly occur in older individuals in a residential care setting and to evaluate their association with clinical measures, the authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis on clinical laboratory measures from a sample of 231 elderly residents (mean age: 86) living in a nursing home and congregate apartment facility. An eight-factor solution accounted for 70.2% of the variance in these measures; factors identified were interpreted as indices of renal function, protein/calorie/nutritional status, serum electrolytes/osmolarity, liver function, acute-phase processes, plasma lipids, acid/base status, and renal-tubular function. The nutritional factor was significantly associated with measures of disability and the presence of depression. The acute-phase processes factor was significantly associated with cognitive impairment.
Deconstructing the Myth of the Monolithic Male Athlete: A Qualitative Study of Men’s Participation in Athletics

A qualitative study using field-based methods examined motivations for participation in collegiate team sports, the psychological and emotional rewards of team membership, and the dynamics of relationships with teammates among male athletes. Previous cross-disciplinary research largely reinforces clear and consistent gender differences within communal and agentic domains. In-depth, oral bibliographic interviews with 11 varsity athletes from basketball and soccer teams were conducted at a university in the USA. Participants spoke freely about multiple dimensions of their experiences as athletes—experiences frequently dichotomized by researchers as masculine or feminine. Analyses document that male athletes rated the importance of interpersonal and emotional relationships with teammates as valuably as they did instrumental needs. Results are discussed in terms of cultural imperatives that polarize domains presumed to be highly gender based and sex-segregated.
Transgene-Induced Silencing of the Zoosporogenesis-Specific NIFC Gene Cluster of Phytophthora infestans Involves Chromatin Alterations

Clustered within the genome of the oomycete phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans are four genes encoding spore-specific nuclear LIM interactor-interacting factors (NIF proteins, a type of transcriptional regulator) that are moderately conserved in DNA sequence. NIFC1, NIFC2, and NIFC3 are zoosporogenesis-induced and grouped within 4 kb, and 20 kb away resides a sporulation-induced form, NIFS. To test the function of the NIFC family, plasmids expressing full-length hairpin constructs of NIFC1 or NIFC2 were stably transformed into P. infestans. This triggered silencing of the cognate gene in about one-third of transformants, and all three NIFC genes were usually cosilenced. However, NIFS escaped silencing despite its high sequence similarity to the NIFC genes. Silencing of the three NIFC genes impaired zoospore cyst germination by 60% but did not affect other aspects of the life cycle. Silencing was transcriptional based on nuclear run-on assays and associated with tighter chromatin packing based on nuclease accessibility experiments. The chromatin alterations extended a few hundred nucleotides beyond the boundaries of the transcribed region of the NIFC cluster and were not associated with increased DNA methylation. A plasmid expressing a short hairpin RNA having sequence similarity only to NIFC1 silenced both that gene and an adjacent member of the gene cluster, likely due to the expansion of a heterochromatic domain from the targeted locus. These data help illuminate the mechanism of silencing in Phytophthora and suggest that caution should be used when interpreting silencing experiments involving closely spaced genes.
A personal cardiac bioimpedance monitoring system

Noninvasive assessment of cardiac function during daily activities is desired in many facets of research. To accomplish this, a personal monitor was developed that combines electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, signal processing , and data storage in a wearable and untethered unit. The authors evaluated the system performance under a variety of activities and conditions. It was found that the personal cardiac bioimpedance monitor provided useful cardiac surveillance in a varied subject population during controlled and uncontrolled activities and in a variety of environments. >
Short-term and interannual variability of redox-sensitive chemical parameters in hypoxic/anoxic bottom waters of the Chesapeake Bay

A combination of CTD casts, discrete bottle sampling and in situ voltammetric microelectrode profiling was used to examine changing redox conditions in the water column at a single station south of the Bay Bridge in the upper Chesapeake Bay in late July/ early August, 2002–2005. Short-term (2–4 h) fluctuations in the oxic/suboxic/anoxic interface were documented using in situ voltammetric solid-state electrodes. Profiles of dissolved oxygen and sulfide revealed tidally-driven vertical fluctuations of several meters in the depth and thickness of the suboxic zone. Bottom water concentrations of sulfide, Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ also varied over the tidal cycle by approximately an order of magnitude. These data indicate that redox species concentrations at this site varied more due to physical processes than biogeochemical processes. Based on analysis of ADCP data, tidal currents at this station were strongly polarized, with the principal axis of tidal currents aligned with the mainstem channel. Together with the chemical data, the ADCP analysis suggests tidal flushing of anoxic bottom waters with suboxic water from north of the site. The present study is thus unique because while most previous studies have focused on processes across relatively stable redox interfaces, our data clearly demonstrate the influence of rapidly changing physical mixing processes on water column redox chemistry. Also noted during the study were interannual differences in maximum bottom water concentrations of sulfide, Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ .
The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland

Abstract Three Typha taxa are recognized in the central USA: native Typha latifolia (broad-leaved cattail), the invasive Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail), and a hybrid between the two species, Typha × glauca. Previous authors have suggested that interspecific hybridization is common in cattails. In a 6-year-old constructed wetland in central Ohio, USA, we found that T. angustifolia began flowering about 2 weeks earlier than T. latifolia, with female flowers opening several days earlier than male flowers. T. angustifolia shoots were 15 times more abundant and twice as dense as those of T. latifolia. Male flowers of T. angustifolia far outnumbered the male flowers of T. latifolia when the latter species began flowering, such that interspecific pollination was likely during the short period of overlap. DNA markers (RAPDs) were used to screen for hybrids. These markers corresponded well to other species-specific traits, such as pollen type (monads versus tetrads) and the presence or absence of a gap in the floral spike. We found no putative hybrids based on surveys involving molecular and/or morphological traits. Thus, we did not detect any gene flow between the cattail species, despite opportunities for cross-pollination and F1 seedling establishment.
Proton NMR and Magnetic Susceptibility in a-Si:H

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an important tool for characterizing the structure of a-Si:H over a wide range of length scales including short- and medium-range order as well as nanostructures. Some of the structural information obtained by NMR is based directly on proton NMR characteristics such as the lineshape and dipolar interactions that probe distances between hydrogen atoms and hydrogen environment. Based on such information it is shown that hydrogenated multi-vacancy model for Si-H clusters is fully consistent with both experimental and theoretical observations. It is demonstrated thatchanges of short- and medium-range order can be detected by measuring the magnetic susceptibility χ. Here i is not directly related to NMR characteristics and NMR is used merely as a sensitive and accurate magnetometer. The result indicates that a-Si:H prepared by hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) and plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) with high H-dilution have higher structural order compared to conventional a-Si:H. By carrying out NMR measurements on single a-Si:H thin film new NMR features were observed such as the orientation dependence of the proton NMR spectrum with respect to the magnetic field. Based on such orientation dependence, strong evidence of aligned nano-channels was obtained in some device quality a-Si:H films.
Real-Time Image Matching Based on Multiple View Kernel Projection

This paper proposes a novel matching method for realtime finding the correspondences among different images containing the same object. The method utilizes an efficient Kernel Projection scheme to descript the image patch around a detected feature point. In order to achieve invariance and tolerance to geometric distortions, it combines a training stage based on generated synthetic views of the object. The two reliable and efficient methods cooperate together, resulting the core part of our novel multiple view kernel projection method (MVKP). Finally, considering the properties and distribution of the described feature vectors, we search for the best correspondence between two sets of features using a fast filtering vector approximation (FFVA) algorithm, which can be viewed as a fast lower-bound rejection scheme. Extensive experimental results on both synthetic and real data have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Developments in Tissue Transplantation

Shortfalls in organ donation result in prolonged waiting periods for transplant recipients. Such shortfalls could be significantly reduced through the efforts of health professionals who attend to, and are involved with, brain dead patients. The purpose of this chapter is to present some current and future developments in the field of tissue transplantation, with the aim of clarifying the importance and potential of transplantable tissues. Since large organs such as heart, liver, and kidneys are the subjects of other chapters in this volume, this chapter is restricted to small, less complex tissues, such as heart valves, veins, and islets of Langerhans. The importance of these tissues is clarified when it is realized that approximately 400,000 transplantation procedures have been performed in 1987 (Table I).
A high-throughput core sampling device for the evaluation of maize stalk composition.

Background A major challenge in the identification and development of superior feedstocks for the production of second generation biofuels is the rapid assessment of biomass composition in a large number of samples. Currently, highly accurate and precise robotic analysis systems are available for the evaluation of biomass composition, on a large number of samples, with a variety of pretreatments. However, the lack of an inexpensive and high-throughput process for large scale sampling of biomass resources is still an important limiting factor. Our goal was to develop a simple mechanical maize stalk core sampling device that can be utilized to collect uniform samples of a dimension compatible with robotic processing and analysis, while allowing the collection of hundreds to thousands of samples per day.
Breast boost using noninvasive image-guided breast brachytherapy vs. external beam: a 2:1 matched-pair analysis.

Abstract Background To compare clinical outcomes and toxicity in patients treated with NIBB boost with those in patients treated with external beam (EB) boost. Patients and Methods Women with early stage breast cancer treated with WBI and NIBB boost were identified. Control subjects treated with EB boost identified as the best possible match with respect to age, stage, chemotherapy use, and fractionation were chosen for a 2:1 comparison. Acute toxicity, late toxicity, and oncologic outcomes were reviewed. The McNemar nonparametric test was used to evaluate marginal homogeneity between matched pairs. Results One hundred forty-one patients were included in the analysis: 47 patients treated with NIBB boost and 94 matched control subjects treated with EB boost (electron, n = 93) or 3-D conformal radiation (n = 1). Grade 2+ desquamation developed in 18 patients (39%) treated with NIBB boost and in 49 patients (52%) treated with EB boost ( P = .07). Breast size, electron energy, and fractionation predicted for acute desquamation ( P P P = .006). Median follow-up was 13.6 months. One patient (2%) who received NIBB had Grade 2+ skin/subcutaneous fibrosis 15 months after completion of treatment. Among those treated with EB, 9 patients (9.5%) developed Grade 2+ subcutaneous fibrosis, and 1 patient had recurrent cellulitis. There was statistically significantly less combined skin/subcutaneous toxicity in those treated with NIBB than in those treated with EB ( P = .046). Conclusion NIBB boost is associated with favorable short-term clinical outcomes compared with EB.
Effects of hypothalamic lesions and subsequent propylthiouracil treatment on pituitary structure and function in the rat.

introduction THERE is increasing evidence that many phases of anterior pituitary activity can be impaired by damaging either the hypothalamus or its neural or vascular connections with the hypophysis (Harris, 1948; Greer, 1952; Long, 1952). Our investigations were designed to relate functional alterations of the adenohypophysis produced in this way to concomitant morphological changes of the gland, the latter being examined by recently devised staining techniques which have considerably clarified the histophysiology of the pituitary in the rat (Purves and Griesbach, 1951a and Halmi, 1952a). We chose the use of hypothalamic lesions as a method of disrupting hypothalamic-hypophysial relationships since it presented two distinct advantages over infundibular stalk section. Firstly, it permitted localized destruction within the hypothalamus which we hoped might result in discrete effects on pituitary functions, and secondly, we believed that it would not be subject to the criticisms levelled at infundibular st...
A Foias operator for studying uncertainty in dynamic systems

A new framework for description and analysis of uncertainty in dynamic systems is briefly described.
Surface diffusion of adsorbable gases through porous media

An activated diffusion, or site-hopping, mechanism is used to describe surface diffusion of gases through porous media. This analysis provides a useful and accurate method for correlating data at submonolayer coverages on energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The data needed to use this correlation are surface area and pore structure of the adsorbent, adsorption isotherms at two or more temperatures, and the activation energy for migration. The former quantities are easily determined from Knudsen diffusion and adsorption measurements, while the activation energy can be found from a single permeability measurement. Predictions made in this way show excellent agreement with experimental data.
Stability of limonin glucoside in beverage matrices

BACKGROUND: We completed a study over a 200-day period examining the stability of limonin glucoside formulated into three beverage matrices. RESULTS: Beverages containing limonin glucoside were found to contain limonin (0.13–20.10 mg L−1) during their initial testing; however, these concentrations were directly attributable to the presence of contaminating limonin in the particular lot of limonin glucoside used to prepare the beverage and did not increase over the test period. Likewise, limonin glucoside concentrations did not vary significantly, with the exception of the beverage matrix that included vitamin B2. Exposure of the vitamin B2-containing beverages to light resulted in a rapid reduction in the limonin glucoside content. Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance results from the analyses of pre- and post-light exposed beverages suggest photooxidation of the furan moiety as the likely degradation pathway. CONCLUSION: Results from this study indicate that limonin glucoside is resistant to degradation into limonin, the stability of limonin glucoside formulated into beverages exceeds six months and that limonin glucoside should not be formulated into beverages containing vitamin B2 unless the beverages are protected from light. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous team assignment and behavior recognition from spatio-temporal agent traces

This paper addresses the problem of activity recognition for physically-embodied agent teams. We define team activity recognition as the process of identifying team behaviors from traces of agent positions over time; for many physical domains, military or athletic, coordinated team behaviors create distinctive spatio-temporal patterns that can be used to identify low-level action sequences. This paper focuses on the novel problem of recovering agent-to-team assignments for complex team tasks where team composition, the mapping of agents into teams, changes over time. Without a priori knowledge of current team assignments, the behavior recognition problem is challenging since behaviors are characterized by the aggregate motion of the entire team and cannot generally be determined by observing the movements of a single agent in isolation. To handle this problem, we introduce a new algorithm, Simultaneous Team Assignment and Behavior Recognition (STABR), that generates behavior annotations from spatio-temporal agent traces. The proposed approach is able to perform accurate team behavior recognition without an exhaustive search over the combinatorial space of potential team assignments, as demonstrated on several scenarios of simulated military maneuvers.
Can Parents Provide Brief Intervention Services to Their Drug-Abusing Teenager?

The importance of parents as “interventionists” is supported by reviews of the treatment literature (e.g., Smit, Verdurmen, Monshouwer, & Smit, 2008; Winters, Botzet, Fahnhorst, & Koskey, 2009) as well as the emerging science that home-based initiatives by parents can contribute to desired health changes in adolescents (Fearnow, Chassin, Presson, & Sherman, 1998; Jackson & Dickinson, 2006). Parental influences on an adolescent can include reducing initiation, as well as altering its maintenance if it has started. This article describes a project aimed at helping parents to deal with a teenager who has already started to use alcohol or other drugs. Home Base is a home-based, parent-led program aimed at reversing the trajectory of drug use in an already drug-using adolescent. The program’s content is organized around motivational enhancement and cognitive behavioral techniques. The ongoing study is also discussed.
Impact of Pharmacist Discharge Medication Therapy Counseling and Disease State Education: Pharmacist Assisting at Routine Medical Discharge (Project PhARMD)

Many patients experience adverse events after discharge; numerous are medication related and preventable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of pharmacist medication counseling and disease education at discharge. Pharmacist Assisting at Routine Medical Discharge is a prospective study of English- or Spanish-speaking adults discharged from internal medicine. Control patients received usual hospital discharge care; intervention patients received usual care with discharge counseling and a follow-up phone call. Evaluated outcomes included the following: 30-day hospital reutilization (combined readmissions/emergency department visits), pharmacist interventions, predictors for hospital utilization, patient satisfaction, and primary medication adherence. In all, 279 patients were enrolled: 139 in the control and 140 in the intervention group. Pharmacists made 198 interventions. The rate of hospital reutilization was 20.7% and similar between the intervention and control groups. Patients receiving the pharmacist intervention demonstrated improved primary medication adherence and increased patient satisfaction. Pharmacist-provided discharge counseling resulted in medication interventions, improved patient satisfaction, and increased medication adherence.
Is There a Bidirectional Relationship between Children's Reading Skills and Reading Motivation?:

Young children who enjoy reading do it more often and they tend to become skilled at it. Poor readers, by contrast, often display low motivation to read. One possible explanation of this is that reading skill and reading motivation influence each other. 15 studies were reviewed addressing the relationship between young children's reading and competency beliefs or goal orientations. Results indicate that reading skills and motivation correlate (albeit moderately), and support the possibility of a bidirectional relationship between the two. Researchers, practitioners, and parents may need to target both reading skill and motivation to best help poor readers become proficient.
Modeling Influence of Stratification on Lateral Circulation in a Stratified Estuary

Abstract The dynamics of lateral circulation in the Passaic River estuary is examined in this modeling study. The pattern of lateral circulation varies significantly over a tidal cycle as a result of the temporal variation of stratification induced by tidal straining. During highly stratified ebb tides, the lateral circulation exhibits a vertical two-cell structure. Strong stratification suppresses vertical mixing in the deep channel, whereas the shoal above the halocline remains relatively well mixed. As a result, in the upper layer, the lateral asymmetry of vertical mixing produces denser water on the shoal and fresher water over the thalweg. This density gradient drives a circulation with surface currents directed toward the shoal, and the currents at the base of the pycnocline are directed toward the thalweg. In the lower layer, the lateral circulation tends to reduce the tilting of isopycnals and gradually diminishes at the end of the ebb tide. A lateral baroclinic pressure gradient is a dominant dri...
Hobby Lobby, Corporate Law and Unsustainable Liberalism: A Reply to Judge Strine

In his recent article, A Job is Not a Hobby: The Judicial Revival of Corporate Paternalism and its Problematic Implications, Judge Leo Strine endeavors to fashion an unbreakable link between the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby in combination with the Court’s recent corporate law jurisprudence surfacing in Citizens United and the reappearance of “corporate paternalism.” This move ostensibly threaten employee autonomy and positive rights. Advancing a profuse panegyric on the New Deal and later Fair Deal reforms, Strine stoutly defends the quest for “social progress.” He is particularly animated to counter the efforts of employers, such as the respective corporations that participated in the Hobby Lobby decision to pursue a religious accommodation from generally applicable law. Properly appreciated his article raises the vexed question whether corporations — particularly religious corporations — have rights either directly or derivatively when such rights delimit the nation’s social safety net that progressives and liberals have constructed and sustained through novel interpretation of the law. This article also questions the Supreme Court’s understanding of corporate law, which on Strine’s account threatens the return of “wage slavery.”This essay responds to Strine’s observations and analysis in several ways. After summarizing his argument, this essay ascertains whether Judge Strine’s largely utilitarian calculus eradicates debate or rather sparks it. This inspection is complemented by reconsidering Progressive Era currents, New Deal labor law and the ongoing plight of marginalized individuals and groups despite increasing levels of government intrusion in society grounded in the presumed benefits of reform initiatives. In addition, this response evaluates the possibility that the United States can be defined plausibly as a truly secular society and the implications arising from an answer to this question for purposes of sorting out whether religious exemptions ought to be available for for-profit corporations either within the meaning of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act or within the parameters of the First Amendment. Lastly, I consider whether Supreme Court jurisprudence has reinstituted “corporate paternalism” that somehow transforms corporate law or, alternatively strengthens it. Of particular interest is Strine’s claim that granting corporations statutory or constitutional rights is incompatible with the notion of corporate “separateness,” a claim that may be difficult to square with a robust conception of the theory of the firm grounded in contractarianism and law and economics scholarship. Taken as a whole, Judge Strine’s approach is refracted through a prism supplied by political theorists, constitutional scholars and corporate law scholars. Such an inspection exposes the doubtful provenance of his claims.
Baseline fetal heart rate characteristics as an indicator of fetal status during the antepartum period

A retrospective study was designed to determine whether the baseline fetal heart rate (FHR), recorded before oxytocin infusion, would have any correlation with the outcome of the oxytocin challenge test (OCT).
Characteristics common to choleretic increments of bile induced by theophylline, glucagon and SQ-20009 in the dog.

SummaryTheophylline, glucagon, and SQ-20009 induce a choleresis in the dog characterized by a proportionate increase in erythritol clearance and bile flow, no increase in bile salt excretion, and by an isosmotic solution of similar electrolyte composition. The increment in bile appears to originate at the canaliculus in response to increased cyclic-AMP.The authors are indebted to Ruthie Pettigrew and Mark Hardt for valuable technical assistance and to Dorothy Bass for preparation of the manuscript.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN SUPPORT OF HARDWARE IN THE LOOP SIMULATIONS

The DSTO Hardware in the Loop (HIL) facility, is multi-purpose and also under continuous development at this time hence restricting its availability to each project utilising it. The main purpose of the facility is to conduct HIL simulations using missile hardware. Two complementary mathematical models have been written in order to increase its utility and to speed up the development of missile simulation models. One is a model for simulating the facility and the other is a baseline 6 DOF model of a generic missile. These models have been combined in a digital simulation model of a missile in a HIL facility.
Effect of a Phase Transfer Catalyst on the Dynamics of an SN2 Reaction. A Molecular Dynamics Study

The effect of a tetramethylammonium cation phase transfer catalyst on the benchmark Cl− + CH3Cl reaction at the water/chloroform liquid/liquid interface is investigated by a molecular dynamics-empirical valence bond (EVB) model. The effect of the catalyst on the reaction free energy profile at different interface locations and in bulk chloroform is examined. We find that, because of significant water “pollution”, activation of the nucleophilic attack is limited to the bulk organic region. The barrier height at the interface is equal to or slightly larger than the barrier in bulk water and is unaffected by the presence of the catalyst. In bulk chloroform, our calculations suggest that the barrier height, which is much lower than in bulk water, moderately increases when a few water molecules interact with the system and when the catalyst forms an ion-pair with the nucleophile. Thus, the catalyst is most effective if its role is limited to bringing the nucleophile to the bulk organic phase.
On the clinical entity in audiology: (central) auditory processing and speech recognition in noise disorders.

Background: The area of (central) auditory processing disorder [(C)APD] is highly controversial. This controversy is fueled in part by multiple ambiguous descriptions of this condition. The American Speech-Language and Hearing Association and the American Academy of Audiology state that (C)APD is a clinical entity, but other sources say that this is questionable. The clinical entity is a concept used to define the nature of a disorder in order to facilitate diagnosis and intervention. Nosography is the study of the systematic description of diseases and disorders. The work in the field of nosography by physicians Thomas Sydenham and Otto Guttentag is reviewed. Purpose: The Sydenham-Guttentag criteria for the clinical entity are presented as a framework for the conceptualization of disorders in the field of audiology. This paper discusses central auditory processing and speech recognition-in-noise disorders in reference to these criteria.
Transformations in a Culture of Consumption: Women and Department Stores, 1890–1925

"We dream, we work, we wake!" declared Artemas Ward, one of America's first great advertising geniuses, in 1892. "The world seems real only when it answers to our individual touch. Yet, beyond our touch, beyond our waking, beyond our working, and almost in the land of dreams, lie things beyond our present thought, greater, wider, stronger, than those we now lay hold on. To each a world opens; to everyone possibilities are present."' Ward captured here what I wish to develop at much greater length in this essay on the culture of consumption and women. America at the close of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the next was, indeed, a land of "possibilities" and "dreams" that flowered within the heart of a new culture and that had the power to change older patterns that had hitherto distinguished the behavior of many women. As recent historical study of women has so consistently shown, nineteenthcentury middle-class Americans viewed women as dependent, emotional, deeply religious, and sexually pure beings who were supposed to tend the domestic fires and to bear and rear children. Men, on the other hand, were thought of as stalwart citizen-producers, family providers, rational people who found personal fulfillment in public life and in the individual ownership of property. The public life was male, and individualism a male legacy that only a few women dared claim as their own. By 1915 that older paradigm had been deeply weakened by the transformation of work. Men now received wages and salaries in factories or in ever-expanding corporate and bureaucratic structures, while many women had entered the work force, some finding jobs in the new consumer, service-oriented industries.2 Alongside those changes in work emerged a vast culture of consumption. Forged by merchants in the company of enthusiastic politicians, reformers,
COMPARISON OF SEVERAL APPROACHES TO PREDICT NOISE ASSOCIATED WITH JET ACOUSTIC SOURCE MODELS

The paper compare s results of jet acoustic radiation calculations using different models describing evolution of instability -wave acoustic source for high -speed round jets. Two models have been previously investigated in Refs. [1 -2], one based on locally -parallel linear st ability theory, and the second based on direct application of near -field LEE solutions. The current work considers a new model, presented in the accompanying Ref. [3], that first employs LEE solutions to extract radial shape functions for the excited jet i nstability mode, and then calculates linear and nonlinear evolutions of the amplitude and phase of the mode using an integral energy approach. Using the obtained acoustic source information, the sound radiation is calculated and compared using two integral surface methods.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Origin of proteins in pulmonary washings.

In pulmonary alveolar proteinosis the alveoli become plugged with a viscous, proteinaceous substance which is rich in lipid. The origin of this material is unknown. Rosen and associates suggested that it is a breakdown product of injured alveolar lining cells; others have concluded that the material is merely a passive transudate from the plasma.' The observation that circulating plasma albumin may be sequestered by the lungs when pulmonary infiltrates develop has provided indirect evidence that transudation of plasma constituents is significant in the pathogenesis of the disease.' Direct evidence of transudation has been difficult to obtain, and only recently has there been support for this concept in the form of an electrophoretic and histochemical study of fluid expressed from the lung of a single fatal case. Bronchopulmonary irrigation has provided a method for obtaining bronchoalveolar material for controlled observations.'' 6 From the pulmonary washings of patients with alveolar proteinosis, a substance which is morphologically and histochemically identical to the characteristic proteinaceous material found in histologic sections can readily be isolated.'" In the present study, the antigenic properties of pulmonary washings from three patients with alveolar proteinosis are compared with the antigenic activity of washings from a patient with bronchitis and a patient with alveolar cell carcinoma. In addition, the origin of the soluble protein in these washings has been studied by allowing this material and the serum of the five subjects to react and cross-react in agar gel with homologous, heterologous, and purified plasma protein antisera.
Duloxetine and Subacute Pain after Knee Arthroplasty when Added to a Multimodal Analgesic Regimen: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Triple-blinded Trial.

Background:Duloxetine is effective for chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain, but there are insufficient data to recommend the use of antidepressants for postoperative pain. The authors hypothesized that administration of duloxetine for 15 days would reduce pain with ambulation at 2 weeks aft
Management of Vision Impairment in Children

Although it is common for pediatric ophthalmologists to provide medical and surgical eye care for children with visual impairment, a treatment algorithm that addresses vision rehabilitation concerns is needed. Distance and near access to the visual environment is critical for children to acquire literacy skills. Defining all aspects of the child’s comprehensive visual function combined with referral for appropriate educational placement and programming provides the child with the best opportunity to function independently in the classroom and at home. Knowledge of basic magnification devices is a useful adjunct to any pediatric ophthalmology practice.
YOU-WILL-KILL-ME BEANS: Taste and the Politics of Necessity in Humanitarian Aid

Despite their nuanced palates and cooking skills, as guests at the humanitarian table, Liberians living at the Buduburam refugee camp in Ghana were expected and assumed to adapt to the “tastes of necessity.” In the refugee camp, the sensory experiences and pleasures of the taste of liberty—or “luxury”—existed, if at all, as an indicator that one was no longer in need of aid. In this article, I consider how innovations in cooking and taste shape humanitarian politics and argue that Liberian refugees subverted the biopolitics of necessity through biographies of taste. Through their sensuous encounters and critical responses to the taste of necessity, humanitarian subjects are able to produce biographies of food aid and a public accounting of the historic and contemporary conditions of humanitarianism. By prioritizing the taste of refugee food, camp residents have challenged the reason of humanitarian reason by expanding the sensibility of food aid and repositioning recipients as essential figures in humanitarian aid.
The Affordable Care Act and Health Insurance Coverage for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults: Analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Abstract Purpose: This study compares uninsurance rates for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults by state Medicaid expansion decisions under the Affordable Care Act. Methods: Data come from nonelderly adults in the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Prevalence estimates and logistic regression models identified LGB adults most likely to be uninsured. Results: Approximately 15.7% of LGB adults lack health insurance, but the uninsurance rate is lower among LGB adults in Medicaid expansion states (12.5%) compared with LGB adults in nonexpansion states (20.0%). Conclusions: Expanding Medicaid in states that have not yet done so should increase coverage and lead to improved health for vulnerable LGB adults.
The United States Supreme Court Misses the Mark: Towards Better Implementation of the United States' International Obligations

The United States is a party to hundreds of treaties that create a vast array of international obligations for the country. Many of these treaty obligations require some action by the government to become effective in the U.S. legal system. Domestic implementation of these international obligations has created structural tensions, both between the branches of the federal government and between the states and the federal government. This article uses President Bush's efforts to implement the recent judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Case Concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Avena) to illustrate some of the problems presented by this issue. In Avena, the ICJ found that that the United States had breached its obligations under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations to inform certain Mexican nationals who had been arrested in the United States of their consular notification rights. The ICJ further found that the appropriate reparation would consist of providing, by means of the United States' own choosing, review and reconsideration of the convictions and sentences of the Mexican nationals that were the subject of the case. In the domestic implementation stage of that decision, President Bush asserted the power to order state courts to provide review and reconsideration of the Mexican nationals' judgments in state criminal proceedings. The President's claim to such authority is troubling because it appears to violate structural principles of separation of powers and federalism. The article begins by providing some background regarding the Avena judgment and post-Avena litigation, with a particular focus on Medellin v. Texas. Medellin was one of the Mexican nationals involved in Avena and his case was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in March 2008. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of arguments that have been made in that case regarding the proper method of implementation of the ICJ judgment by the United States. The article then places that litigation in the larger context of the debate regarding the proper role of each branch of the federal government with respect to the implementation of the United States' international obligations more generally. The article also examines the issue from a federalism perspective and the interplay between the state and federal governments with respect to implementation of the United States' international obligations. Finally, the article provides some suggestions as to how the United States can better handle implementation of these obligations in the future.