cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of retinal representations within the cat's optic tract

The manner in which each retina can be mapped onto a single cross section of the optic tract of the cat has been defined by neuroanatomical methods. It has been found that the contralateral nasal hemi-retina and both temporal hemi-retinae are represented in each tract by multiple, rough maps which partially overlap one another. All maps show the same general orientation, with area centralis represented dorsomedially, lower retina represented dorsolaterally, and upper retina represented ventromedially. The peripheral part of the horizontal meridian is represented ventrolaterally. Labeling all of the fibers from one eye by axonal degeneration or autoradiographic methods shows that the crossed map is displaced dorsally and medially relative to the uncrossed map, leaving a dorsomedial crescent of pure crossed fibers. Localized retinal lesions or injections of /sup 3/H-amino acid show the general orientation of the maps. Lesions within the dorsomedial pure crossed crescent show that fibers in this crescent arise from retinal areas close to the optic disc, near the site of the early fetal fissure. Localized injections of horseradish peroxidase into the optic tract show the relationships of the several maps in terms of the retinal distribution of retrogradely labeled retinal ganglion cells. They show that axonsmore » of large and small cells map ventrolaterally in the tract while intermediate sizes map dorsomedially. They confirm that the crossed map is displaced relative to the uncrossed maps. It is suggested that the optic tract develops by fibers taking a position in the tract in accordance with their time of arrival at the chiasm. The several maps are displaced because they develop sequentially and the optic tract can be read as a developmental record, the most dorsomedial axons being the oldest.« less
Psychosocial Factors in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) have a multifactorial etiology that includes not only physical stressors but also psychosocial risk factors, such as job strain, social support at work, and job dissatisfaction. Once an injury has occurred, psychosocial factors, such as depression and maladaptive pain responses, are pivotal in the transition from acute to chronic pain and the development of disability. Interventions to prevent MSD incidence and address psychosocial risk factors for delayed recovery are described.
The inflationary impact of repetitive devaluation

It is suggested that in countries which have sustained a significant inflationary condition and, as a consequence, have frequently changed their foreign‐exchange rate, price expectations may be developed on the basis of these changes. In order to examine this hypothesis a macroeconomic model is built and econometric tests are undertaken using quarterly data for Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The author warns that since repetitive devaluation‐type policies can fuel price expectations, they may only lead to increased domestic inflationary pressures, balance of trade deficits, and further rounds of devaluation.
Beverage Consumption Patterns of Children Born at Different Risk of Obesity

Background: Increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice has been associated with overweight in children. Objective: This study prospectively assessed beverage consumption patterns and their relationship with weight status in a cohort of children born at different risk for obesity. Methods and Procedures: Participants were children born at low risk (n = 27) or high risk (n = 22) for obesity based on maternal prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2). Daily beverage consumption was generated from 3-day food records from children aged 3–6 years and coded into seven beverage categories (milk, fruit juice, fruit drinks, caloric and noncaloric soda, soft drinks including and excluding fruit juice). Child anthropometric measures were assessed yearly. Results: High-risk children consumed a greater percentage of daily calories from beverages at age 3, more fruit juice at ages 3 and 4, more soft drinks (including fruit juice) at ages 3–5, and more soda at age 6 compared to low-risk children. Longitudinal analyses showed that a greater 3-year increase in soda intake was associated with an increased change in waist circumference, whereas a greater increase in milk intake was associated with a reduced change in waist circumference. There was no significant association between change in intake from any of the beverage categories and change in BMI z-score across analyses. Discussion: Children's familial predisposition to obesity may differentially affect their beverage consumption patterns. Future research should examine the extent to which dietary factors may play a role in pediatric body fat deposition over time.
Empirically supported ethical research practice: The costs and benefits of research from the participants’ view

Researchers and institutional review boards are routinely called upon to evaluate the cost-benefit status of proposed research protocols that involve human participants. Often these assessments are based on subjective judgments in the absence of empirical data. This reliance on subjective judgments is of particular concern for studies involving clinical samples where unfounded assumptions may adversely affect research progress or clinical outcomes. The Reactions to Research Participation Questionnaire (RRPQ) was designed to address this shortcoming and to help promote ethical decision making about research practice. The present study describes development of the RRPQ and presents a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses investigating its structure. Based on these findings, a revised version of the instrument and suggestions for future research are presented. This approach provides a foundation for scientifically informed protection of human subjects.
Effects of gender and ethnicity on Hispanic women in the U.S. Navy.

Abstract Hispanic women in the U.S. Navy were surveyed to obtain data on demographics and attitudes. The results of the survey indicated that Hispanic women in the navy did not perceive themselves as “doubly disadvantaged,” as they have been portrayed in the civilian literature. There were few significant differences between Hispanics' and Whites' perceptions on equal opportunity and sexual harassment.
ON DEHN FUNCTIONS OF AMALGAMATIONS AND STRONGLY UNDISTORTED SUBGROUPS

We study the Dehn functions of amalgamations, introducing the notion of strongly undistorted subgroups. Using this, we give conditions under which taking an amalgamation does not increase the Dehn function, generalizing one aspect of the combination theorem of Bestvina and Feighn. To obtain examples of strongly undistorted subgroups, we define and study the relative Dehn function of pairs of groups. As a result we obtain a new method of constructing examples of pairs of groups that are relatively hyperbolic in the sense of Farb.
A Medieval Jewish Version of Original Sin: Ephraim of Luntshits on Leviticus 12

i Judaism and the Concept of Original Sin There is a widespread popular misconception that Judaism and Christianity have radically divergent anthropologies, primarily because Jews supposedly do not believe in original sin. The Jewish view of human nature, according to the popular dichotomy, is that from the time of creation, there have been two innate tendencies in every person, one inclining the person to good and the other to evil (=I'7 1:' and D'I "1', respectively). The life of each individual is a continual state of struggle between the two opposing inclinations, but the righteous person can overcome the evil inclination by an act of will. The Christian view, on the other hand, is alleged to be that the first humans were created in a state of perfection, which they themselves willfully corrupted. As a result, they compromised their former physical and moral perfection. The corruption that the progenitors of the human race originated is then passed on genetically to all of their descendants, and can be overcome only by divine grace. Two texts will serve to illustrate the poles of this popular dichotomy. Perhaps the best-known literary expression of the Jewish view is a midrash in b. Ber. 61 a, commenting on the unusual spelling of a Hebrew word in Gen 2:7: "Why is the word 1"1'1 in the text 'Then the Lord God formed ( i"l) man' written with two yods? To show that God created two inclinations ( 's'), one good and one evil." The Torah serves as a bulwark against the evil inclination, as another passage in
The Conception of God As Supra-Personal Yet Personal

ions from actual beings, or of merely possible beings. By super-personal we mean "supremely, ideally, or normatively personal," a being from whom the physical, psychical, and moral limitations of human persons have been refined away. By supra-personal we mean "personal plus," a being which in its substantial form (to use the Aristotelian concept) towers immeasurably above personality yet includes it at some lower level of its structure. This was Bradley's concept when he described the Absolute as "personal and more"3 and Calhoun's, when he wrote "God is mind and more."4 But this sense of supra-personal must be sharply distinguished from its usage as "personal in no respect," which is Wieman's view; viz., "if God has a summit that is higher than mind and personality, he cannot be a mind and personality because these must be at the summit or not at all."5 III. Historical Evidence of Polarity Now in order to establish this polarity, we need only point out that in each of the great cultures religious thought has swung dialectically from the ineffable absolute to nontheistic humanism and back again. In India the extremes have been the supra-personal, attributeless Parambrahma of Shankara's Vedantism on the one hand and the non-theistic humanistic Sankhya pluralism on the other.6 Mediating between them is the religious and inferior personal underside of the formless absolute called "Ishvara," and such individ* Since 1946 WOODBRIDGE O. JOHNSON bas been Associate Professor and Head of the George S. Park Department of Religion and Biblical Literature at Park College, Parkville, Missouri. Professor Johnson is Secretary of the Midwestern Section of NABI. This article is one of several papers originally read at the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of Midwestern NABI in 1955.
Design and synthesis of novel derivatives of the muscarinic agonist tetra(ethylene glycol)(3-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl) [3-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-3-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl] ether (CDD-0304): effects of structural modifications on the binding and activity at muscarinic receptor subtypes and chimeras.

As part of a continuing effort to design and synthesize highly selective muscarinic agonists for different muscarinic receptor subtypes, several tetra(ethylene glycol)(3-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl) [3-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-3-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl] ether (1) analogues were prepared and characterized. Different analogues were synthesized having hydrophilic spacers of di-, tri-, tetra-, penta(ethylene glycol) and tri(propylene glycol) separating the 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine ring from the terminal heterocycle, which was either a 1,2,5-thiadiazole or 1,2,4-thiadiazole ring. Chimeric receptor and molecular modeling studies also were conducted to determine how the ligands interact with muscarinic receptors. The studies revealed that varying the distance of the terminal thiadiazole and the positioning of the methoxy group can increase binding affinity for certain muscarinic receptor subtypes (at M2 for 13d and M4 for 1) and enhance functional efficacy at M4 receptors for 13e and 18b. Moreover...
Research centers as agents of change in the contemporary academic landscape: their role and impact in HBCU, EPSCoR, and Majority universities

The presence of research centers on university campuses has expanded dramatically over the past two decades. The research center is a prominent feature of the contemporary academic landscape with some institutions hosting dozens or even more than one hundred. They are important not only due to their sheer number but also because they reflect deeper undercurrents on what is happening in universities. Research centers are entities that arrange human and material resources for research in specific ways that contrast with the rest of their academic environment. At the same time, there is diversity among centers depending on the rationale for their existence, the circumstances and profiles of their members, and the specific academic contexts of HBCUs, EPSCoR, and Majority universities. In this article, we explore the correspondence between the role of centers and their function in context, on the one hand, and the patterns of human, social and material resources that emerge on the other. It highlights dimensions of value and impact of a research policy instrument, namely, the research center, when a broader framework of assessment that considers its effect on the overall academic system is used. We do so with a mixed methods approach that combines a set of qualitative case studies of centers and the results of a survey of academic researchers both affiliated and not affiliated with research centers in each academic context. With a triangulation design, the results of the two methods are analyzed with a convergent approach. We find that research centers are transitional entities with different local impacts and that some differences in the profiles of participating and non-participating researchers seems to be emerging. Copyright The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
New possibilities in film and the university

(1977). New possibilities in film and the university. Quarterly Review of Film Studies: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 159-178.
Posttraumatic Stress as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Trauma and Mental Health Problems Among Juvenile Delinquents

This study investigated the interrelationships among trauma exposure, PTSD, and mental health problems in a sample of 289 adolescents (199 male, 90 female) detained in a juvenile correctional facility. Mean differences were found in that females scored higher than males on measures of interpersonal trauma exposure and symptoms of both simple and complex PTSD. Females also endorsed more mental health problems in the areas of depression/anxiety, somatic complaints, and suicidal ideation. For all youth, trauma exposure, PTSD, and mental health problems were correlated. Results of structural equation modeling were consistent with the hypothesis that PTSD mediates the relationship between interpersonal trauma and mental health problems for all youth, although the results were stronger for females.
An experiment in knowledge-based automatic programming

Abstract Human programmers seem to know a lot about programming. This suggests a way to try to build automatic programming systems: encode this knowledge in some machine-usable form. In order to test the viability of this approach, knowledge about elementary symbolic programming has been codified into a set of about four hundred detailed rules, and a system, called PECOS, has been built for applying these rules to the task of implementing abstract algorithms. The implementation techniques covered by the rules include the representation of mappings as tables, sets of pairs, property list markings, and inverted mappings, as well as several techniques for enumerating the elements of a collection. The generality of the rules is suggested by the variety of domains in which PECOS has successfully implemented abstract algorithms, including simple symbolic programming, sorting, graph theory, and even simple number theory. In each case, PECOS's knowledge of different techniques enabled the construction of several alternative implementations. In addition, the rules can be used to explain such programming tricks as the use of property list markings to perform an intersection of two linked lists in linear time. Extrapolating from PECO's knowledge-based approach and from three other approaches to automatic programming (deductive, transformational, high level language), the future of automatic programming seems to involve a changing role for deduction and a range of positions on the generality-power spectrum.
Statistical Theory of Quasi-Geostrophic Turbulence

Abstract Within the context of statistical homogeneity, we examine geostrophic turbulence, employing a simple,eddy-damped closure. We find for decaying turbulence that high wavenumbers tend toward three-dimensional isotropy, as predicted by Charney, but wavenumbers smaller than the energy peak tend toward anapproximate two-dimensional state, with the crossover wavenumber near the peak energy wavenumber.The high-wavenumber energy spectrum is found to be log-modified k3, where k is the three-dimensionalwavenumber. Analytic information for the isotropization rate at small scales as well as for the large-scale"barotropization" is proposed. Finally, we describe the relation of these results to the more familiarlayered approximations of the equations of motion.
An Efficient Wait-Free Vector

The vector is a fundamental data structure, which provides constant-time access to a dynamically-resizable range of elements. Currently, there exist no wait-free vectors. The only non-blocking version supports only a subset of the sequential vector API and exhibits significant synchronization overhead caused by supporting opposing operations. Since many applications operate in phases of execution, wherein each phase only a subset of operations are used, this overhead is unnecessary for the majority of the application. To address the limitations of the non-blocking version, we present a new design that is wait-free, supports more of the operations provided by the sequential vector, and provides alternative implementations of key operations. These alternatives allow the developer to balance the performance and functionality of the vector as requirements change throughout execution. Compared to the known non-blocking version and the concurrent vector found in Intel’s TBB library, our design outperforms or provides comparable performance in the majority of tested scenarios. Over all tested scenarios, the presented design performs an average of 4.97 times more operations per second than the non-blocking vector and 1.54 more than the TBB vector. In a scenario designed to simulate the filling of a vector, performance improvement increases to 13.38 and 1.16 times. This work presents the first ABA-free non-blocking vector. Unlike the other non-blocking approach, all operations are wait-free and bounds-checked and elements are stored contiguously in memory.
Using Hidden Markov Models to track upper extremity arm motions for surface electromyographic based robot teleoperation

A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to predict and characterize a stochastic process that is not easily identifiable; i.e., it is hidden from the observer. This process can only be identified through an additional set of stochastic events that is not only observable, but is also responsible for producing the original hidden stochastic process mentioned above. The goal of this project is to use a HMM to track upper-extremity arm motions performed in the sagittal plane (representing the hidden states) by means of the surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity associated with these arm motions (representing the observed states). After which, we intend to use the characterized sEMG signals to teleoperate a robotic manipulator. We wish to create a rehabilitative robotic platform for people who have suffered from progressive muscular degenerative disorders and neurological deficits. This platform will take advantage of any residual physiological information that is still available (non-invasively) within these individuals. The ultimate goal is to create more intelligent orthotics and wearable robotic systems for people having these types of disabilities. It is hoped that this kind of device could assist a disabled user in performing daily living tasks that require reaching for an object. The HMM algorithm presented here is implemented and tested offline in Matlab with five healthy participants. It was successful in tracking two degrees of freedom on the human arm (representing the elbow and shoulder joints) with less than 15° of error.
Cerium and cerium intermetallics: 4f-band metals?

Abstract The applicability of band theory to the description of the 4f electrons in Ce and its intermetallic compounds is considered. The convincing experimental and theoretical evidence that α-Ce is indeed a 4f-band metal, as first suggested by Gustafson and his collaborators, is reviewed, and the results of recent band calculations of the ground-state properties described. The results of photoemission experiments are explained by a simple qualitative model, according to which the spectra will display characteristics of both localized and band states, weight depending on the energy of the exciting probe. The potential utility of the band for describing 4f electrons and intermediate-valence systems in general is briefly considered.
Use of the Hamilton and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scales in Institutionalized Elderly Patients

In screening for a study of drug treatment of major depression, the authors obtained data on depressive symptoms in elderly residential care patients ( N = 116; average age 84 years; 81% women). Principal-components analysis (with varimax rotation) of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression yielded a four-factor solution (accounting for 47.2% of variance): core depression, anxiety, insomnia-hypochondriasis, and cognitive-ideational symptoms. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale yielded two factors (54% of variance)—core depression and anxiety. Core depression factor scores from both scales (but not other factor scores) predicted mortality. The association of core depression with mortality (in subsets of patients for which data on these covariates were available) remained significant after measures of illness burden and disability were controlled.
How Does Alcohol Contribute to Sexual Assault? Explanations from Laboratory and Survey Data

This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium of the 2001 RSA Meeting in Montreal, Canada. The chair was Antonia Abbey and the organizers were Tina Zawacki and Philip O. Buck. There were four presentations and a discussant. The first presentation was made by Maria Testa whose interviews with sexual assault victims suggest that there may be differences in the characteristics of sexual assaults in which both the victim and perpetrator were using substances as compared to when only the perpetrator was using substances. The second presentation was made by Tina Zawacki whose research found that perpetrators of sexual assaults that involved alcohol were in most ways similar to perpetrators of sexual assaults that did not involve alcohol, although they differed on impulsivity and several alcohol measures. The third presentation was made by Kathleen Parks who described how alcohol consumption affected women's responses to a male confederate's behavior in a simulated bar setting. The fourth presentation was made by Jeanette Norris who found that alcohol and expectancies affected men's self-reported likelihood of acting like a hypothetical sexually aggressive man. Susan E. Martin discussed the implications of these studies and made suggestions for future research.
Evaluating the potential use of myxomycetes as a source of lipids for biodiesel production

The myxomycetes are a group of primitive phagotrophic eukaryotes characterized by a distinctive plasmodial stage that is well known for its rapid growth rate. In the present study, biomass and lipid production of several different species of myxomycetes were investigated. Physarum polycephalum was found to produce the highest amounts of both dry biomass (1.30g), and lipid (0.143g) per 20mL medium (equal to 65.0g biomass and 7.15g lipid per one liter of medium). Analysis of P. polycephalum lipids by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques showed that the major lipid type is triglyceride (95.5%), followed by phospholipids (2.6%); diglyceride (0.92%) and monoglyceride (0.92%). Myxomycete lipids consist of three dominant fatty acids: oleic (20%), linoleic (33%), and palmitoleic (17%). These results suggest that P. polycephalum has considerable potential as a source of lipids for biodiesel production.
Salivary gland cancer in BRCA-positive families: a retrospective review.

Importance Although an association between breast cancer and salivary gland cancers has been noted for decades, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate the possible linkage of BRCA gene mutations and this malignant neoplasm. Objective To compare the prevalence of salivary gland cancers in a large BRCA gene mutation database with background rates in the general population. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a retrospective review (June 1, 2012, through April 31, 2013) of pedigrees from patients with breast cancer in The Clinical Cancer Genetics Program at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. A total of 5754 individuals were identified from 187 pedigrees, and their medical histories were reviewed for diagnoses of salivary gland tumors and BRCA testing. The pedigrees were restricted to provide a cohort of individuals with reasonable accuracy in family history by considering 3 generations of each pedigree, starting with the proband’s generation and adding 1 generation above and below. The youngest generation was replaced with another older generation if there were no BRCA -related cancers or BRCA mutations recorded. Nonblood relatives of the proband (ie, stepparents and stepsiblings) were also excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures The rate of salivary gland cancers in the Clinical Center Genetics Program was compared with background incidence rates. Results After applying the restrictions to the 187 pedigrees in the database, 5754 individuals were included in the cohort. Two parotid gland cancers, 2 salivary gland cancers not otherwise specified, and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified. One of these cancers likely did not segregate with the BRCA mutation, and another individual tested negative for the BRCA mutation, resulting in a rate of 3 of 5754 (0.052%).The observed rate of 3 of 5754 cases (0.052%) of head and neck cancers in BRCA -positive probands and likely carriers is significantly higher than the background incidence rate of 3 of 100 000 (0.003%) per year ( P Conclusions and Relevance We believe this is a significant observation that, when considered alongside other similarities between salivary glands and breast tissue, warrants further investigation into the nature of a possible linkage between germline BRCA mutations and salivary gland cancer.
Salinity-gradient vapor-pressure power conversion

Abstract The interface between water bodies of different salinities represents a large unexploited source of energy. An energy conversion approach that does not require the use of membranes but uses the differences in vapor pressure between solutions is examined. The resource potential, source solutions, system components, and operating characteristics are evaluated and, where similar, compared to research and development on open-cycle OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion). It is shown that salinity-gradient, vapor-pressure power generation is within reach of current technology.
Real-Time Detection of Lipid Bilayer Assembly and Detergent-Initiated Solubilization

The cellular membrane governs numerous fundamental biological processes, and therefore, developing a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function is critical. However, because of its inherent complexity, this challenge is as yet unsolved. In an attempt to develop a model, two different experimental approaches are being pursued in parallel: performing single cell experiments (top down) and using biomimetic structures (bottom up), such as lipid bilayers. One challenge in many of these experiments is the reliance on fluorescent probes for detection. In the present work, we have used a label-free detection method based on an evanescent optical sensor known as an optical resonant cavity. In this approach, we are able to detect the self-assembly and solubilization of lipid bilayers in real-time. Specifically, using these silica devices, there are two independent detection mechanisms which are able to confirm the formation and detergent assisted solubilization of the lipid bilayers: 1) a refractive index change and 2) a material loss change. Both mechanisms can be monitored in parallel, on the same device, thus allowing for cross-confirmation of the results. To verify the proposed method, we have detected the formation of self-assembled phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers from SUVs on the device surface in real-time. Subsequently, we exposed the bilayers to two different detergents (non-ionic Triton X-100 (TX-100) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) to initiate solubilization, and this process was also detected in real-time. After solubilization, the device returned to its initial state, exhibiting minimal hysteresis. The experimental wash-off was also collected and analyzed using DLS.
Better chemistry for better survival, through regulation.

In this issue of Cell, Chabes et al. (2003) report on new aspects of the regulation of yeast ribonucleotide reductase, the mechanism by which dNTP levels are increased following DNA damage, and the consequences of the metabolic changes.
ESP 3 : A Language for Pattern Description and a System for Pattern Recognition

Extended Snobol picture pattern processor (ESP3) is a programming language and pattern recognition system which was designed for generating, recognizing, and manipulating two-dimensional line drawings. An ESP3 picture pattern describes a class of line drawings just as a Snobol pattern describes a class of strings. During pattern matching, a subject picture is searched for the occurrence of a sub-picture which matches a given picture pattern. The search of the subject picture is ordered left-to-right and top-to-bottom, and the search program uses scanner guidance information found in the picture pattern to limit the area of the subject picture to be searched. An experimental implementation of ESP3 has been developed to test the feasibility of the system. This paper describes the ESP3 picture patterns, the pattern matching operation, and the experimental implementation of ESP3.
Positive effects of the multiple negative: explaining the success of black professional women

To be both black and a woman in American society has most typically meant being cumulatively disadvantaged with regard to positions of power and prestige. Holding these multiple negatively evaluated statuses has meant that black women have clustered at the very bottom of most strata. This paper explores the patterns leading to success of a small minority of black women who have managed to work in occupations of high rank. It points to the special factors which have not only canceled the negative effect of holding statuses of low rank, but which have produced a positive and facilitating context for career. Among these are the models in the black community of women as "doers"; the support of extended kin in assisting women with family responsibilities; pressure on black women to be economically productive and financially independent; and a number of other conditions leading to self-confidence and autonomy.
Transient T Wave Abnormalities After Cessation of Ventricular Preexcitation: Memory of What?

(1) Ventricular preexcitation causes both secondary and primary T wave changes. The secondary changes disappear immediately after cessation of preexcitation (ablation of accessory pathways) and unmask the primary T wave changes that regress within days, weeks, or months. (2) The pattern of primary T wave change produced by ventricular preexcitation depends on the location of the accessory pathway connections. The septal and posterior connections are associated with more prominent anteriorly directed T wave deflections and deviation of the T wave vector superiorly. The left lateral connections are associated with rightward deviation of the T wave vector in the frontal plane. (3) The primary T wave abnormalities are believed to be caused by local lengthening of repolarization, but the site of the postulated abnormalities needs to be established. (4) The persistence and slow dissipation of the primary T wave change induced by ventricular pacing, left bundle branch block, and presumably ventricular preexcitation have been attributed to the memory of past events. The nature of these events is not known. Several in vitro models demonstrated phenomena of gradual adjustment of ventricular action potential duration to change in cycle length, or to altered pattern of stimulation, but none of such models has mimicked the long-lasting regression of T wave abnormalities. (5) The terms T wave memory and pseudoprimary repolarization changes lack specificity and are unnecessary additions to the electrocardiographic vocabulary.
Lipin proteins and metabolic homeostasis

The lipin protein family, consisting of three members, was first identified early this century. In the last few years, the lipin proteins have been shown to have important roles in glycerolipid biosynthesis and gene regulation, and mutations in the corresponding genes cause lipodystrophy, myoglobinuria, and inflammatory disorders. Here, we review some of the progress toward elucidating the molecular and physiological functions of the lipin proteins.
Screening and risk stratification of coronary artery disease in end-stage renal disease.

Abstract End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a growing global health problem with major health and economic implications. Cardiovascular complication is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Clustering of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, such as diabetes, systemic inflammation, and altered mineral metabolism, contributes to enhanced systemic atherosclerosis in patients with ESRD. Prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography exceeds 50% in this population. Despite having extensive CAD and vascular disease, patients with ESRD often do not present with classic symptoms because of impaired exercise capacity and diabetes. Furthermore, clinical trial data are exceedingly lacking in this population, resulting in considerable clinical equipoise regarding the optimal approach to the identification and subsequent management of CAD in these patients. Traditional clinical screening tools, including conventional risk prediction models, are significantly limited in their predictive accuracy for cardiovascular events in patients with ESRD. Noninvasive cardiac stress imaging modalities, such as nuclear perfusion and echocardiography, have been shown to improve the traditional clinical model in identifying the presence of CAD. Furthermore, they add incremental prognostic information to angiographic data. Novel imaging techniques and biomarker assays hold significant promise in further improving the ability to identify and risk-stratify for CAD. This review focuses on the current understanding of the clinical risk profile of asymptomatic patients with ESRD with an emphasis on the strengths and limitations of various noninvasive cardiovascular imaging modalities, including the role of novel methods in refining risk prediction. In addition, issues and challenges pertaining to the optimal timing of initial risk assessment (“screening”) and possible repeat screening (“surveillance”) are addressed. We also summarize the current data on the approach to the patient with ESRD being evaluated for transplantation in the context of recent guidelines and position statements by various professional societies.
Investigating academic texts with corpus-based techniques: An example from biology☆

Abstract In this article, I illustrate how corpus-based techniques can broaden our understanding of variation in academic discourse by allowing us to examine patterns in a larger number of linguistics features and a larger amount of text than in previous studies. Specifically, I present a study that uses multidimensional analysis to investigate variation across three types of texts: common composition textbook selections, textbooks used in ecology courses, and professional research articles in ecology. The findings highlight the complex relationships that exist among academic texts, providing multiple perspectives on differences and similarities in language use that cannot be provided by other approaches.
Assessment of Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Aliphatics and BTEX in Subarctic Groundwater

We examined biogeochemistry and microbiology associated with natural attenuation of trichloroethene (TCE), trichloroethane (TCA), and benzene in a subarctic aquifer. Identification of a predominant terminal electron-accepting process (TEAP) and characterization of typical natural attenuation footprints was difficult. Hydrogen and ferrous iron concentrations suggested that iron reduction was the predominant TEAP; calculated in situ Gibbs free energies for iron reduction were energetically feasible at all wells although a source of ferric iron has not been conclusively determined. The presence of dissolved sulfide and favorable free energies for sulfate reduction provided support of concurrent iron and sulfate reduction. Methanogenesis from H2/CO2 was generally not energetically favorable. The presence of TCE and TCA degradation intermediates suggested that biological reductive dechlorination occurred, although proportions of intermediates relative to parent compounds remained stable. By September 2000, contaminant concentrations were within regulatory standards at most sampling points. However, low rates of microbial activity and incomplete degradation imply that intrinsic bioremediation did not likely represent an important contribution to contaminant removal atthis site, where dilution appeared to be the primary attenuation mechanism.
Microfabricated devices for bio-applications

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the development of two MEMS-based devices for lab-on-a-chip bio-applications. Thefirst device is designed to facilitate cell secretion studies by enabling parallel electrochemical detection withmillisecond resolution. Initial prototypes of micro-arrays have been fabricated with Cr/Au microelectrodes onvarious substrates such as polyimide, SU-8 and SiO 2 . An FT cell-line (bullfrog fibroblast, American Tissue CultureCollection) has been successfully established and cultured directly on these prototype micro-arrays. It is well knownthat the FT cells can uptake hormones or other macromolecules from the culture media through a non-specificuptake mechanism which is still under investigation. After culturing on micro-arrays, FT cells were loaded withnorepinephrine of various concentrations by incubation in the culture media supplied with norepinephrines. Rapidelevation of intracellular Ca 2+ levels triggers the exocytosis of norepinephrine which then can be detected by theCr/Au electrodes. Microfabrication of these prototype micro-arrays as well as cell culture and electrochemicaldetection results will be presented in this paper. The second device is designed for 3-dimensional transportation ofliving cells on chips. Initial prototypes of micro-arrays were fabricated with SU-8 buried channels on a siliconsubstrate. Both single-layered and double-layered SU-8 buried channels have been realized to enable 2D and 3D celltransportation. Stained solutions were used to visualize fluid transport through the channel networks. Following this,living FT cells in solution were successfully transported through single-layered SU-8 channels. Testing of 3Dtransportation of living FT cells is underway. Microfabrication of these prototype micro-arrays and living celltransportation on chips will also be presented in this paper.Key Words: BioMEMS, Microfluidics, SU-8 Channel, Cell Secretion and Hormone Detection
An improved in vitro rearing system for the human head louse allows the determination of resistance to formulated pediculicides

Abstract An improved in vitro rearing system, based on a silicone-reinforced Parafilm® M membrane, human hair tufts and reconstituted human blood, enabled the large-scale rearing of pediculicide-susceptible (EC-HL) and resistant (SF-HL and BR-HL) strains of human head lice. Developmental time differed for early instars but differences became synchronized as lice matured. Mean survivorship amongst the three strains reared in vitro were not significantly different when compared to EC-HL and SF-HL reared in vivo. The efficacies of three pediculicidal products were assessed under semi-clinical conditions using a modified version of the in vitro rearing system. Treatments of 1% permethrin in acetone, Nix®, Rid® or Pronto® Plus to hair tufts following manufacturer’s instructions were highly efficacious (100% mortality) on EC-HL but differentially efficacious (62.2–84.4% mortality) on SF-HL examined eight days post-treatment. SF-HL that survived the first treatment received an identical second treatment eight days following the first treatment. Survivors (13.3–30.0%) developed to adults (10th–11th day following first treatment) and females successfully laid fertile eggs that developed to first instars. These results confirm resistance to permethrin- and pyrethrin-based pediculicide formulations in SF-HL when assessed under semi-clinical conditions and validates resistance previously determined using filter-paper contact bioassays and unformulated insecticides.
Promotion Effect of the Nonthermal RF Plasma Treatment on Ni/Al2O3 for Benzene Hydrogenation

The effect of nonthermal RF plasma treatments on alumina-supported nickel catalysts was investigated for benzene hydrogenation because of recent increased interest in using plasma techniques for ca...
An investigation of retail outcomes comparing two types of browsers

Abstract Despite the prevalence of browsing and the importance of browsers to retailers, browsing has received relatively little recent research attention. The current research extends knowledge of browsers by investigating two groups of browsers: browsers who make a purchase and browsers who do not make a purchase. The hypotheses are tested using a sample of actual shoppers at a retail store. The results indicate that browsers who make a purchase report significantly higher outcome variables such as satisfaction, repatronage intentions, and positive WOM intentions. The results also support differential influences of hedonic and utilitarian shopping value on satisfaction across the two groups of browsers. Implications for theory and practice are offered.
The boundary of the solar system

The shape of the boundary of the solar system, defined as the surface within which the gravitational attraction of the sun rather than that of the rest of the Galaxy controls the orbital motion of planets and comets, has been determined. Outside of this surface, the dominant factors are the radial tides due to the galactic center and the vertical tides caused by the galactic disk. Orbits which are direct with respect to the galactic plane have a boundary which differs from that for retrograde orbits, both being 10-20 percent oblate and both larger than the present Oort cloud. The surface may have been the boundary of the early cloud of comets which was later reduced by the passages of stars and molecular clouds.
INDEPENDENT PARTICLE MODEL OF THE NUCLEUS. I. INTERPARTICLE FORCES AND CONFIGURATION MIXING

A simplified method of obtaining the direct interaction between two identical nucleons in the nuclear shell model is given for the special case of singlet forces. Configuration interaction is included in the method. A semi-empirical analysis of simple two and three particle nuclear spectra is outlined which enables one to determine properties of the two-body perturbing interaction provided many body forces are negligible and coupling to the nuclear surface is weak. Corrections to the singlet force formalism due to triplet central and tensor forces are discussed. Formulas are given for magnetic dipole and quadrupole moments and magnetic dipole transition rates for mixed three-particle configurations. The effect of weak surface coupling on multi-particle configuration is given in paper II of this series. A detailed discussion of the spectra of two isotopes of calcium is given in paper III.
A Variational Approach for Assessing the Capacity of a Memoryless Nonlinear MIMO Channel

A transmission over a memoryless discrete-time noisy multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel is considered here in this letter, where the signal is distorted according to a nonlinear function at the receiver side, and the input signal is constrained to have a fixed even moment. A variational approach is proposed to analyze the capacity of such a memoryless nonlinear MIMO channel whose output is perturbed by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The optimal input distribution that achieves the channel capacity is derived through a methodology based on multidimensional Hermite polynomials.
The structure and phase equilibria of salt-water solution at supercritical conditions

We study the thermodynamic properties of the supercritical water and dilute aqueous salt solutions using molecular dynamics simulation, The sodium and chloride ions are found to show strong pairing at conditions corresponding to those of supercritical water oxidation, We also present the first prediction of the solubility of sodium chloride in supercritical water obtained directly from intermolecular interactions using molecular simulations.
Mechanistic aspects of DnaA-RepA interaction as revealed by yeast forward and reverse two-hybrid analysis.

Using yeast forward and reverse two‐hybrid analysis and biochemical techniques, we present novel and definitive in vivo and in vitro evidence that both the N‐terminal domain I and C‐terminal domain IV of the host‐encoded DnaA initiator protein of Escherichia coli interact physically with plasmid‐encoded RepA initiator of pSC101. The N‐terminal, but not the C‐terminal, region of RepA interacted with DnaA in vitro . These protein–protein interactions are critical for two very early steps of replication initiation, namely origin unwinding and helicase loading. Neither domain I nor IV of DnaA could individually collaborate with RepA to promote pSC101 replication. However, when the two domains are co‐expressed within a common cell milieu and allowed to associate non‐covalently with each other via a pair of leucine zippers, replication of the plasmid was supported in vivo . Thus, the result shows that physical tethering, either non‐covalent or covalent, of domain I and IV of DnaA and interaction of both domains with RepA, are critical for replication initiation. The results also provide the molecular basis for a novel, potential, replication‐based bacterial two‐hybrid system.