cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling for Free Surface Flow with Phase Change

The development of predictive capability for free surface flow with phase change is essential to evaluate liquid wall protection schemes for various fusion chambers in IFE and MFE. This paper presents a numerical methodology for free surface flow with heat and mass transfer to help resolve feasibility issues encountered in the aforementioned fusion engineering fields. The numerical methodology is conducted within the framework of the incompressible flow with the heat and mass transfer model. We present a new second-order projection method, in conjunction with Approximate-Factorization techniques (AF method) for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The level set method was used to capture the free surface of the flow and the deformation of the droplets accurately. This numerical investigation identifies the physics characterizing transient heat and mass transfer of the droplet and the free surface flow. The preliminary results show that the numerical methodology is successful in modeling the free surface with heat and mass transfer, though some severe deformation such as breaking and merging occurs. The versatility of the numerical methodology shows that the work can easily handle complex physical conditions in fusion science and engineering.
SmartHop: A Cloud-Driven Channel Hopping Algorithm for Improved IoT Network Connectivity and Stability

Industrial IoT faces adversity in radio environment due to harsh physical condition and interference from co-located wireless systems. To mitigate these challenges, channel hopping is leveraged in a number of standards, including IEEE 802.15.4- 2015. The baseline version of the channel hopping described in this standard does not guarantee the best performance, especially in terms of network stability and latency. This paper illustrates the problem by means of a test-bed, and then proposes a channel blacklisting algorithm, which makes use of the channel quality statistics as they are stored in the Cloud. Claims of improvement are corroborated by the results obtained through simulation.
Wide Band Match for High Q Radio Transceivers

Wide-band (WB) matching solutions for integrated radio transceivers can significantly reduce the manufacturing and logistic cost of Worldwide IoT solutions. Short range low energy radio solutions usually applies high impedance TX and RX frontends to achieve high efficiency and good sensitivity. However, WB matching design for high impedance PAs and LNAs are very challenging, especially at the higher Q RX side. Moreover, low cost, direct tie configurations are required with cheap SMD elements. The applied RX match is derived from Youla's 2nd order low pass matching prototype with modifications to have minimal bill of materials (BOM). The design methodology, challenges and tuning process are discussed. The presented Sub-GHz UHF WB matching solutions have more than 200MHz bandwidth without any variable or switched component. The new matchings show the same or better RX sensitivities in much wider bandwidth than the old narrowband solutions. The TX side has flat fundamental power characteristic within the operating bandwidth and well suppressed harmonics.
Retrovirus Restriction by TRIM5α: RINGside at a Cage Fight.

The restriction factor TRIM5α recognizes incoming retroviral capsids and blocks virus replication. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Fletcher et al. (2018) show how the TRIM5α RING domain mediates formation of various ubiquitin conjugates that differentially regulate TRIM5α turnover, inhibition of viral reverse transcription, and innate immune activation.
Insurance Loss in the Era of the Affordable Care Act: Association With Access to Health Services.

Background:Every year, millions of Americans lose their health insurance and remain uninsured for various reasons, potentially impacting access to medical services.Objective:To examine trends in health insurance loss in the periods shortly before and after implementation of Patient Protection and Af
Association between access to a health facility and continuum of vaccination behaviors among Nigerian children.

Background: This paper examines the association between access to a health facility and the continuum of child vaccination behaviors, which include: uptake of each vaccine, dropout, and timing of v...
Nisargopchar Ashram: Gandhi’s Legacy and Public Health in Contemporary India:

AbstractMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a staunch advocate for nature cure. He promoted the use of earth, air, sunlight, water and diet not only to treat medical problems but also as an integral fea...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a burgeoning problem with unclear solutions.

The association between chronic liver disease and diabetes has been known for long time, with reports in the literature as early as in 1952 (1). Currently, a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become more widely accepted, probably as a result of the common risk factors (e.g., obesity) and pathophysiology (e.g., insulin resistance) (2).
Quantum computing in the optical frequency comb of one optical parametric oscillator (Conference Presentation)

The practical implementation of quantum computing faces the two key requirements of achieving scalability and maintaining quantum coherence. While the latter has been reached by ion-trap and superconducting qubit platforms to the level required for quantum error correction to take place, the former has been reached to record levels (thousands of qubit equivalents, called qumodes) using the quantum optics of entangled electromagnetic fields. In this talk, I will present the experimental realization of quantum computing substrates called cluster entangled states in the optical frequency comb of a single parametric oscillator, and prospects for translation in integrated optics.
Just Locker Room Talk? Explicit Sexism and the Impact of the Access Hollywood Tape on Electoral Support for Donald Trump in 2016

Scholars have long debated whether and to what extent citizens punish political candidates for explicitly racist rhetoric. However, few studies explore whether a similar dynamic occurs when explici...
Implementing a Food is Medicine Program to Address Food Insecurity in an Academic Medical Center.

Background Food insecurity is a public, social, and health concern. Local problem A Food is Medicine Program was developed to address food insecurity. Methods A quality improvement initiative was piloted on 3 acute care units. Interventions Patients were screened for Social Determinant of Health (SDoH) needs and if identified as food insecure, linked to community resources and provided with a bag of food on discharge. Education was offered to nursing staff and a pre- and postsurvey was administered to assess SDoH knowledge and confidence. Results Over a 3-month period, 2354 patients were admitted; 2063 (88%) were screened for SDoH and 220 (10%) were positive for food insecurity. Patients (n = 1525, 74%) were linked to community resources. Nearly all (97%) nurses participated in education and demonstrated increased knowledge and confidence (P Conclusions These data provide preliminary outcomes from the Food is Medicine Program.
The Use of Videoconferencing and Unprescribed Conversation for Listening Comprehension in L2 Spanish.

The following research investigates the effect that unprescribed1 conversation with native speakers of the target language had on learners' L2 listening comprehension skills at the beginning (n=21) and advanced intermediate levels of Spanish (n=27). Treatment groups completed two-thirty-minute conversations with native speakers via videoconferencing throughout the semester, while the control groups carried out unilateral oral exams using the Canvas course management system. Data was collected using the Avant Stamp Test, an online testing program that is based on the national standards outlined by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language (i.e., ACTFL). The results of the study revealed that learners at the Intermediate I (InterI) level significantly improved as a result of the oral interactions, while the Intermediate II learners (InterII)—who possessed more developed grammatical and lexical skills, as well as overall experience in L2 than their Intermediate I level counterparts—did not significantly improve as a result of the treatment. Although many of the studies in this area of inquiry emphasize the need for guided instruction, explicit strategy and lexical recognition in aural development, it is argued here that unprescribed conversation with native speakers—a much less contrived and more authentic approach to aural acquisition—can also significantly improve listening ability in L2. Therefore, with the present study, the authors contribute to current literature in Second Language Acquisition that centers on aural development and the role of native speaker interaction in learners' auditory growth.
Balloon Sphincteroplasty as an Adjunct to Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration

Introduction: Both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and common bile duct (CBD) exploration (open or laparoscopic) are accepted management techniques for choledocholithiasis.1 L...
Fast, Versatile, and Open-loop Stable Running Behaviors with Proprioceptive-only Sensing using Model-based Optimization

As we build our legged robots smaller and cheaper, stable and agile control without expensive inertial sensors becomes increasingly important. We seek to enable versatile dynamic behaviors on robots with limited modes of state feedback, specifically proprioceptive-only sensing. This work uses model-based trajectory optimization methods to design open-loop stable motion primitives. We specifically design running gaits for a single-legged planar robot, and can generate motion primitives in under 3 seconds, approaching online-capable speeds. A direct-collocation-formulated optimization generated axial force profiles for the direct-drive robot to achieve desired running speed and apex height. When implemented in hardware, these trajectories produced open-loop stable running. Further, the measured running achieved the desired speed within 10% of the speed specified for the optimization in spite of having no control loop actively measuring or controlling running speed. Additionally, we examine the shape of the optimized force profile and observe features that may be applicable to open-loop stable running in general.
Spatial patterns of vegetation structure and structural diversity across edges between forested wetlands and upland forest in Atlantic Canada

Forested wetlands are an integral but understudied part of heterogeneous landscapes in Atlantic Canada, although they are known to provide habitat for species at risk. Our objectives were to explor...
Preregistration and registered reports

Preregistration and registered reports are two promising open science practices for increasing transparency in the scientific process. In particular, they create transparency around one of the most...
Clinical Utility of Antiretinal Antibody Testing

Importance The clinical utility of most antiretinal antibodies (retina antibodies) currently available for testing remains unclear and unproven. Despite this, the presence of retinal antibodies is included in current diagnostic autoimmune retinopathy criteria. Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of comprehensive retinal antibody evaluations currently offered in North America. Design, setting, and participants In this cross-sectional study, 14 patients without autoimmune retinopathy were recruited into the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Biorepository for this study between January 1, 2019, and October 1, 2019. These serum samples without autoimmune retinopathy were sent in masked fashion to a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified laboratory. Using similar methods, the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory independently assessed the same sample to ascertain reproducibility of the findings. Main outcomes and measures Results of the autoimmune retinopathy and cancer-associated retinopathy panels. Results Thirteen of 14 (93%; 95% CI, 66%-100%) serum samples tested positive for retinal antibodies, with a median of 5 retinal antibodies (range, 0-8) per patient at the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified laboratory, which provides a specificity of 7% (95% CI, 0%-34%). Confirmatory immunohistochemistry staining in human retina was present in 12 of 14 samples (86%). α-Enolase was found in 9 (64%). The only retinal antibody not present was recoverin. These nonspecific retinal antibody results were replicated at the Mayo Clinic Laboratory on Western blot using pig retina proteins as substrate. Conclusions and relevance The presence of retinal antibodies in 93% of the patients without autoimmune retinopathy indicates a lack of specificity and that most detectable retinal antibodies have limited clinical relevance in the evaluation of patients for suspected autoimmune retinopathy. Current retinal antibody testing, other than recoverin, should be interpreted with caution, especially for cases of low clinical suspicion. The poor specificity is important to recognize to prevent the potentially unnecessary commencement of systemic immunosuppressants that may result in significant extraocular adverse effects. Identification of biomarkers that have a high predictive value for inflammatory or autoimmune retinal diseases is needed to move the field forward.
Clinical Outcomes of Perioperative Desensitization in Heart Transplant Recipients.

Background Sensitization remains a barrier to heart transplantation (HT). Perioperative desensitization strategies have been described; however, a paucity of evidence exists to demonstrate efficacy and safety in HT. Methods This single-center, retrospective study consisted of adults who received an HT. Perioperative desensitization was initiated if virtual crossmatch or flow-cytometry crossmatch was positive. Therapy consisted of plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Historical controls received standard immunosuppression or induction. The primary endpoint was survival at 12 mo. Secondary endpoints included freedom from acute rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and infectious complications. Results Of the 104 patients included, 48 received no induction, 46 received induction, and 10 underwent perioperative desensitization. No differences were observed in the primary endpoint at 12 mo (90.0% versus 97.9%, P = 0.25 for desensitization versus no-induction; 90.0% versus 100%, P = 0.72 for desensitization versus induction). Rates of acute rejection were lower with induction and desensitization compared with no-induction. There were no significant differences in CAV between the groups. Infectious complications were also similar among the groups (10.0% versus 16.7%, P = 0.62 for desensitization versus no-induction; 10.0% versus 30.4%, P = 0.34 for desensitization versus induction). Conclusions This study suggests that a perioperative desensitization strategy triggered by positive virtual crossmatch or flow-cytometry crossmatch allows for successful transplantation of sensitized HT recipients and results in acceptable rates of survival, rejection, CAV, and infection at 12 mo.
Automatic Metadata Generation for Fish Specimen Image Collections

Metadata are key descriptors of research data, particularly for researchers seeking to apply machine learning (ML) to the vast collections of digitized specimens. Unfortunately, the available metadata is often sparse and, at times, erroneous. Additionally, it is prohibitively expensive to address these limitations through traditional, manual means. This paper reports on research that applies machine-driven approaches to analyzing digitized fish images and extracting various important features from them. The digitized fish specimens are being analyzed as part of the Biology Guided Neural Networks (BGNN) initiative, which is developing a novel class of artificial neural networks using phylogenies and anatomy ontologies. Automatically generated metadata is crucial for identifying the high-quality images needed for the neural network9s predictive analytics. Methods that combine ML and image informatics techniques allow us to rapidly enrich the existing metadata associated with the 7,244 images from the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) used in our study. Results show we can accurately generate many key metadata properties relevant to the BGNN project, as well as general image quality metrics (e.g. brightness and contrast). Results also show that we can accurately generate bounding boxes and segmentation masks for fish, which are needed for subsequent machine learning analyses. The automatic process outperforms humans in terms of time and accuracy, and provides a novel solution for leveraging digitized specimens in ML. This research demonstrates the ability of computational methods to enhance the digital library services associated with the tens of thousands of digitized specimens stored in open-access repositories worldwide.
Fault Analysis and Multiple Layer Critical Areas

This chapter demonstrates ways to study the relation between defects in silicon layer structures and faulty behaviors in an IC. The method hereby presented is based on a separation of product (layout) dependent fault data from the measuring of process-determined defect data. This separation is very important because it reduces the complexity of the layout-defect analysis. On one hand, a deterministic extraction of multilayer critical areas for fault analysis is performed per IC product. On the other hand, process data have to be measured only once (unless one chooses to continue measuring during the whole production in order to monitor the quality of the production process). Then, these process data are combined with the defect sensitivity of each product to predict the corresponding yield or to weight layout defect induced faults. This has the advantage that the same IC product can be analyzed in different manufacturing environments without extracting the critical areas more than once. Moreover, under the proposed approach only a simple numerical analysis, to account for the environmental changes, has to be performed because the layout critical areas were already extracted in advance, and they can be combined with new defect statistics in an analytical way.
Cognitive Task Classificaiton from Wireless EEG

Human brain uses a complex electro-chemical signaling pattern that creates our imagination, memory and self-consciousness. It is said that Electroencephalography better known as EEG contains signatures of various tasks that we perform. In this paper we study the possibility of categorizing tasks conducted by humans from EEG recordings. The novelty of this study mainly lies in the use of very cost effective consumer grade wireless EEG devices. Three cognitive tasks were considered: text reading and writing, Math problem solving and watching videos. Twelve subjects were used in this experiment. Initial features were calculated from Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) of raw EEG signals. After application of appropriate dimensionality reduction, Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used for classification of tasks. DWT + Kernel PCA with SVM based classifier showed 86.09 % accuracy.
Peering into proteolysis with presenilins

Presenilins were originally identified because they cause a neurodegenerative disease, but the impact of these proteins on the neuron appears to extend beyond neurodegeneration and into fundamental concepts of cell biology and development. Presenilins were identified as a result of the steady march of molecular genetics which first lead to identification of loci on chromosomes 1 and 14 that segregated with the phenotype of early onset familial Alzheimer Disease (AD), and then to discovery of the genes coding for PS1 and PS2.
Using Classifier diversity to handle label noise

It is widely known in the machine learning community that class noise can be (and often is) detrimental to inducing a model of the data. Many current approaches use a single, often biased, measurement to determine if an instance is noisy. A biased measure may work well on certain data sets, but it can also be less effective on a broader set of data sets. In this paper, we conduct a large empirical evaluation of noise handling techniques; examining 12 noise handling techniques on a set of 54 data sets and 5 learning algorithms. The chosen set of noise handling techniques includes biased and ensembled approaches. Included in the investigation is the proposed noise identification using classifier diversity (NICD). NICD lessens the bias of the noise measure by selecting a diverse set of classifiers to determine which instances are noisy. We examine NICD as a technique for filtering, instance weighting, and selecting the base classifiers of a voting ensemble. We find that lessening the bias of the noise handling techniques significantly improves performance over a broad set of data sets.
Ontologies for programs, not people

A response to Life sentences: Ontology recapitulates philology by Sydney Brenner, Genome Biology 2002, 3:comment1006.1-1006.2.
A fast alternating direction implicit algorithm for geometric flow equations in biomolecular surface generation

SUMMARY In this paper, a new alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is introduced to solve potential driven geometric flow PDEs for biomolecular surface generation. For such PDEs, an extra factor is usually added to stabilize the explicit time integration. However, two existing implicit ADI schemes are also based on the scaled form, which involves nonlinear cross derivative terms that have to be evaluated explicitly. This affects the stability and accuracy of these ADI schemes. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a new ADI algorithm based on the unscaled form so that cross derivatives are not involved. Central finite differences are employed to discretize the nonhomogenous diffusion process of the geometric flow. The proposed ADI algorithm is validated through benchmark examples with analytical solutions, reference solutions, or literature results. Moreover, quantitative indicators of a biomolecular surface, including surface area, surface-enclosed volume, and solvation free energy, are analyzed for various proteins. The proposed ADI method is found to be unconditionally stable and more accurate than the existing ADI schemes in all tests. This enables the use of a large time increment in the steady state simulation so that the proposed ADI algorithm is very efficient for biomolecular surface generation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crimp-Imbalanced Protective (CRIMP) Fabrics

This report documents research that was conducted to explore the unique concept of using crimp imbalance, which is a simple architectural modification achieved during the weaving process, as a potential mechanism to enhance fragmentation and ballistic protection levels of single-ply woven fabrics. It is shown in this report that crimp imbalance (1) can substantially influence the energy-absorption levels of single-ply fabrics for select fragment simulating projectile (FSP) velocities and friction coefficients; (2) can be tailored to controllably delay stress-wave propagations among yarn directions; and (3) can minimize reflections at the yarn crossover regions. This research, which used numerical models of single ply, plain-woven fabric, demonstrated that deviations in crimp contents can have significant effects on energy absorptions and projectile residual velocities; in short, optimal levels of crimp imbalance may exist for a specific ballistic threat type.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Climate sensitivity to changes in land surface characteristics

Abstract Using a recently developed global vegetation distribution, topography, and shorelines for the Early Eocene in conjunction with the Genesis version 2.0 climate model, we investigate the influences that these new boundary conditions have on global climate. Global mean climate changes little in response to the subtle changes we made; differences in mean annual and seasonal surface temperatures over northern and southern hemispheric land, respectively, are on the order of 0.5°C. In contrast, and perhaps more importantly, continental scale climate exhibits significant responses. Increased peak elevations and topographic detail result in larger amplitude planetary ∼4 mm/day and decreases by 7–9 mm/day in the proto Himalayan region. Surface temperatures change by up to 18°C as a direct result of elevation modifications. Increased leaf area index (LAI), as a result of altered vegetation distributions, reduces temperatures by up to 6°C. Decreasing the size of the Mississippi embayment decreases inland precipitation by 1–2 mm/day. These climate responses to increased accuracy in boundary conditions indicate that “improved” boundary conditions may play an important role in producing modeled paleoclimates that approach the proxy data more closely.
CD56negCD16+NK cells are activated mature NK cells with impaired effector function during HIV-1 infection

A subset of CD3negCD56negCD16+ Natural Killer (NK) cells is highly expanded during chronic HIV-1 infection. The role of this subset in HIV-1 pathogenesis remains unclear. The lack of NK cell lineage-specific markers has complicated the study of minor NK cell subpopulations. Using CD7 as an additional NK cell marker, we found that CD3negCD56negCD16+ cells are a heterogeneous population comprised of CD7+ NK cells and CD7neg non-classical myeloid cells. CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells are significantly expanded in HIV-1 infection. CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells are mature and express KIRs, the C-type lectin-like receptors NKG2A and NKG2C, and natural cytotoxicity receptors similar to CD7+CD56+CD16+ NK cells. CD7+CD56neg NK cells in healthy donors produced minimal IFNγ following K562 target cell or IL-12 plus IL-18 stimulation; however, they degranulated in response to K562 stimulation similar to CD7+CD56+ NK cells. HIV-1 infection resulted in reduced IFNγ secretion following K562 or cytokine stimulation by both NK cell subsets compared to healthy donors. Decreased granzyme B and perforin expression and increased expression of CD107a in the absence of stimulation, particularly in HIV-1-infected subjects, suggest that CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells may have recently engaged target cells. Furthermore, CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells have significantly increased expression of CD95, a marker of NK cell activation. Taken together, CD7+CD56negCD16+ NK cells are activated, mature NK cells that may have recently engaged target cells.
Filial Piety, Modernization, and the Challenges of Raising Children for Chinese Immigrants: Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence

This study examines Chinese immigrant parents' perceptions of filial piety. The concept of filial piety is introduced and we discuss the impacts of modernization and immigration experience on the challenges faced by contemporary Chinese im- migrants as they reconcile traditional values with the demands of sociohistorical change and child rearing in the United States. Factor analysis of a commonly applied scale demonstrates mul- tiple aspects of filial piety and reflects modifications from tra- ditional views. Interview results point to aspects of filial piety not fully represented in the quantitative scale and expose spe- cific challenges in child rearing related to filial values. These findings suggest the evolution of expectations and strategies re- lated to a cultural adaptation of filial piety. One key demand is for strategies consistent with parental values while maintain- ing respect for children's unique point of view. The conclusions focus on the development of approaches to understanding the evolving conceptualization and meaning of filial piety for con- temporary immigrant Chinese. (Chinese, immigrants, parents, filial piety, cultural values, cultural models) People of my generation believe that taking care of our parents in the future is a universal truth, but I don't know if our children will have this sense of responsibility. I believe they won't have this sense of responsibility, but maybe if they really love us, they will want to take care of us ...i fthey feel close to their parents. When the time comes, then
Simultaneous catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior in mice

Intraventricular administration of haloperidol or chlorpromazine produces catalepsy and blocks apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior. Low intraventricular doses of domperidone, sulpiride and spiperone, equally cataleptogenic as haloperidol or chlorpromazine, augment rather than diminish stereotypic behavior produced by subsequent apomorphine treatment. The resultant stereotypic behavior continues even while the animal is in a rigid cataleptic posture and is marked by persistent gnawing and licking. Prior to the induction of catalepsy and after recovery from it, mice display the entire range of typical apomorphine-induced behavior including sniffing, climbing, gnawing, and licking. This animal model may be related to the clinical observation of the coexistence of tardive dyskinesia and drug-induced Parkinsonism in individual patients.
Superplastic-like behavior of Al-high Si alloys produced from rapidly solidified powders and ribbons

The high temperature tensile properties of hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloys were studied at temperatures between 683 and 813 K at initial strain rates between 8.3X10−4 and 4.2X10−1s−1. The alloys were prepared from prealloyed powders and ribbons, which were respectively fabricated by the centrifugal atomization and melt spinning, through the hot extrusion process at an extrusion ratio of 110:1. The extruded alloy bars prepared from the powders and ribbons, i.e. the powder-extruded and ribbon-extruded bars, have homogenous micro-structures with the fine silicon particles dispersed in the aluminum matrices for the Al-25Si and Al-15Si alloys. The maximum elongation-to-failure of the powder-extruded bar and the ribbon-bar are almost equal, 150%, for the Al-25Si alloy, In the Al-15Si alloy, the ribbon-extruded bar has superior elongation compared to the powder-extruded bar, that is, these are respectively 520% and 400%. The maximum elongation was attained at the relatively high strain rate of 10−2s−1 independent of the silicon content and solidification process.
Nictitating membrane reflex of the frog: Effects of paraorbital shock and body temperature

Onset latency and peak amplitude of the nictitating membrane reflex (NMR) in the intact bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) were found to change as a function of paraorbital shock. Moreover, manipulation of the frog's body temperature, in substantially altering the latency and amplitude of the NMR over a range of paraorbital shock values, reveals the sensitivity of the preparation to alterations in basic physiological processes. These properties of the frog NMR preparation suggest its possible usefulness for studying the effects of temperature on neural mechanisms underlying such phenomena of behavioral plasticity as sensitization and habituation.
Selected articles from the IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS'2011).

The 2011 IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS 2011) was organized in San Antonio, Texas from December 2-4th. GENSIPS'11 provided a forum for researchers in the signal processing community, other related computational experts, and biomedical scientists to exchange ideas and discuss signal processing challenges due to the high modality of disparate high-throughput data, high variability of the data acquisition, high dimensionality of data, and high complexity of genomics and proteomics systems. The theme of GENSIPS'11 was cancer and computational biology and GENSIPS featured prominent plenary speakers including Dr. John N. Weinstein from UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Dr. Stephen Wong from Methodist Hospital at Cornell University, Dr. David Nelson from Baylor College of Medicine and Dr. Chung-I Wu from the Beijing Institute of Genomics.
A note on an attempt at more efficient Poisson series evaluation

Eliminating many of the trigonometric function calls by a suitable series transformation has resulted in a substantial reduction of on-line computing time while very long Poisson series are being evaluated. A further reduction has been realized by applying a short SNOBOL processor to the FORTRAN coding of the transformed series which eliminates many of the multiplication operations during the course of series evaluation.
Sequence arrangements of the Escherichia coli chromosome and of putative insertion sequences, as revealed by electron microscopic heteroduplex studies

Abstract Total Escherichia coli DNA from strain DK445 (which is CSH50 F − , R − , deletion lac and pro , lysogenized with lambda c Its857 S am7 lac 5: :Mu c I + ) was denatured, reannealed, and observed by electron microscopy. The single-strand DNA lengths ranged from about 50 to 150 kilobases (kb). In some molecules a short duplex region with a single-stranded fork at each end was observed. The duplex lengths were 0.75 kb, 1.30 kb, 5.22 kb, 5.62 kb, which correspond to those of IS1; of IS2, IS3, or IS4; of the ribosomal RNA genes; and of the γδ sequence, respectively. Duplexes of 1.0 kb and 0.5 kb were also found. Most of the duplexes of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.3 kb were observed as intramolecular stem-loop structures and were therefore interpreted to be sequence duplications in inverted order on the same DNA strand. The most frequent separations of the putative inverted insertion sequences were around 22 and 27.5 ± 1.5 kb. About 14% of the E. coli chromosome is estimated to be involved in the sequence arrangements that give rise to stem-loop structures upon denaturation and reannealing. The copy numbers of the putative insertion sequences and other elements that form the “stems” of the stem-loop structures are also estimated.
Effects of bot fly, Cuterebra fontinella, parasitism on male aggression and female choice in Peromyscus leucopus

Parasites can often impose a cost on their hosts by interfering with traits affected by sexual selection. We studied the effects of the bot fly, a common parasite of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, on host social behaviour using field-based experiments. Assuming parasite-induced costs on host behaviour, we expected that males uninfested with bot fly larvae would be more aggressive than infested males, and that reproductively active females would show a preference for uninfested males over infested males. Uninfested males were not more aggressive than infested males, based on two measures of aggression (principal component scores and number of aggressive behaviours). Contrary to our expectations, our results suggested that infested males may be more aggressive than uninfested males, but this result was based on the analysis of both aggressive and submissive behaviours. In addition, females spent more time with infested males. Thus, infestation may increase body size which could alter the outcome of female choice. Additional experimentation is necessary to tease apart the effects of increased body size and infestation on female choice.
Almost Complex Manifolds and Hyperbolicity

One of the sufficient conditions for a complex manifold to be (complete) hyperbolic (in the sense that its intrinsic pseudo-distance is a (complete) distance) is that it admits a (complete) Hermitian metric with holomorphic sectional curvature bounded above by a negative constant.
Structural Tracking of Chemical Reactions in Solution by Time-Resolved X-Ray Scattering

Photo excitation of molecules creates transient structures and can initiate bimolecular reactions. Such processes have been tracked using optical pumping and picosecond X-ray scattering to probe key elements of transient structures in liquid environments
A novel brain ATPase with properties expected for the fast axonal transport motor

Identification of the ATPase involved in fast axonal transport of membranous organelles has proven difficult. Myosin and dynein, other ATPases known to be involved in cell motility, have properties that are inconsistent with the established properties of fast axonal transport, an essential component of which is readily solubilized in physiological buffer conditions rather than being stably associated with either membranous organelles or cytoskeletal elements. Adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), a nonhydrolysable analogue of ATP, is a potent inhibitor of fast axonal transport that results in a stable interaction of membranous organelles with microtubules. Here we report the identification and partial characterization of an ATPase activity from brain whose binding to microtubules is stabilized by AMP-PNP. This ATPase activity seems to be associated with a polypeptide of relative molecular mass (Mr) 130,000 that is highly enriched in microtubule pellets after incubation with AMP-PNP and a soluble fraction from chick brain. This novel ATPase fraction has the predicted characteristics of the motor involved in fast axonal transport. Common features between the ATPase and fast axonal transport include interaction with the cytoskeleton in the presence of AMP-PNP, ready extractability, no Ca2+ dependence and inhibition by EDTA.
Who now speaks for Weber? A response to Burger

Professor Burger approves of the other two books he reviewed, while sternly opposing mine on multiple grounds. This is intriguing, since a blurb I wrote endorsed Scaff's book when it appeared, and a long complimentary essay of mine about Goldman's book was published in Telos nearly four years ago. So if we agree about little else, Burger and I concur that the other two books he was asked to evaluate are worthy additions to "Mt. Weber." Yet we stand in obstinate disagreement about the value of my undertaking, my view of Weber's theoretical labors, and about what should now be done with his ideas in a time when Marx and
Practical Shear Wave Lens Design for Improved Resolution with Acoustic Microscope

Ever since the invention of the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), a key objective has been the enhancement of the resolution in the acoustic images. This challenge has generally been pursued with two directions for approaches: one approach was to raise the acoustic frequency. B. Hadimiooglu and C. F. Quate achieved a resolution of 0.2 micron by operating at about 4.4 GHz with the sample in boiling water in order to minimize the attenuation of the coupling medium [1]. A second approach has been to use low velocity coupling media such as super-fluid liquid helium. J. S. Foster and D. Ruger were able to obtain a resolution of 20 nano-meters using super-fluid liquid helium as coupling medium at a temperature of 0.2° K [2]. These techniques are excellent for increasing resolution on the surface of a specimen but not necessarily in its interior. In the first approach described above, the ultrasonic wave is attenuated in proportion to the square of its frequency. Therefore, when the high frequency ultrasonic wave is used as a probe, the wave may not penetrate the inside of the specimen, so that internal information may not be obtained. In the second technique, also referred to as cryogenic microscopy, the acoustic impedance between the coupler and the specimen are very different, so that most of the ultrasonic waves are reflected at the interface between the coupler and the specimen, and it is unlikely that an image from any significant depth may be obtained. Hence, acoustic microscopy’s most important and unique feature, namely obtaining subsurface information may not be realized by these two approaches.
Recommendation agent impact on consumer online shopping

Highlights? This study assesses the impact of a recommendation agent (RA) on customer shopping. ? The results indicate that RA affects product promotion effectiveness. ? Product promotion effectiveness influences consumer satisfaction with the website. ? Consumer satisfaction with the website is a determinant of consumer loyalty. ? The paper discusses the study implications for system developers and managers. A simulated online shopping environment with a recommender system based on collaborative filtering data has been developed to empirically test the impact of recommendation agents in an online retail environment. The report provides some background for the most widely used types of recommender system based on collaborative filtering. The Movie Magic system developed for this study is described, as well as the experiment assessing the impact of such an agent on product promotion effectiveness, customer satisfaction with the website, and customer loyalty to the website. Finally, the report discusses the implications of the results for system developers and managers interested in using Intelligent Agent technology for enhancing e-commerce. By corroborating the proposed relationships between the use of the recommender agent and improved product promotion, customer satisfaction and loyalty, the results should aid online businesses in further understanding the benefits and limitations of using a recommender agent to support e-commerce.
Why Are There No Great Women Chefs

This article applies the rhetorical and deliberately provocative approach of the watershed essay art historian Linda Nochlin wrote in 1971—“Why Have there Been No Great Women Artists?”—to today's culinary industry. Nochlin used the question her title posed as a theoretical trap that would draw attention not only to the inherent sexism or prejudice that pervades the way the public perceives art, but also to those same issues' existence within and impact on academia and the other cultural institutions responsible for posing these sorts of questions. Nochlin bypassed the obvious and irrelevant debate over women's being less or differently talented and, in so doing, exposed that debate for being a distraction from the heart of the matter: how, sociologically (media) or institutionally (museums, foundations, etc.), people define a “great artist.” Although it's 40 years later, the polemic is as effective when used to understand the gender divide in the food world.
The Diageotropica Gene Differentially Affects Auxin and Cytokinin Responses throughout Development in Tomato

The interactions between the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin throughout plant development are complex, and genetic investigations of the interdependency of auxin and cytokinin signaling have been limited. We have characterized the cytokinin sensitivity of the auxin-resistant diageotropica (dgt) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in a range of auxin- and cytokinin-regulated responses. Intact, etiolated dgt seedlings showed cross-resistance to cytokinin with respect to root elongation, but cytokinin effects on hypocotyl growth and ethylene synthesis in these seedlings were not impaired by the dgt mutation. Seven-week-old, green wild-type and dgt plants were also equally sensitive to cytokinin with respect to shoot growth and hypocotyl and internode elongation. The effects of cytokinin and the dgt mutation on these processes appeared additive. In tissue culture organ regeneration from dgt hypocotyl explants showed reduced sensitivity to auxin but normal sensitivity to cytokinin, and the effects of cytokinin and the mutation were again additive. However, although callus induction from dgt hypocotyl explants required auxin and cytokinin, dgt calli did not show the typical concentration-dependent stimulation of growth by either auxin or cytokinin observed in wild-type calli. Cross-resistance of the dgt mutant to cytokinin thus was found to be limited to a small subset of auxin- and cytokinin-regulated growth processes affected by the dgt mutation, indicating that auxin and cytokinin regulate plant growth through both shared and separate signaling pathways.
A System for Estimating Bowen Ratio and Evaporation from Waste Lagoons

A low-cost system was deployed above a swine waste lagoon to obtain estimates of Bowen ratios and characterize lagoon temperatures. The system consisted of humidity and temperature sensors and anemometers deployed above the lagoon, water temperature sensors, and a meteorological station located by the lagoon. To evaluate the system, data was analyzed from the 25th through 28th June 2007. Bowen ratios showed diurnal behavior near the lagoon surface characterized by negative values during day and positive ones at night. Latent (evaporation) and sensible heat fluxes were towards the atmosphere and the lagoon, respectively for most of the day. A diurnal cycle in atmospheric and lagoon temperatures was also observed. Furthermore, wind speeds above the lagoon were highest in the afternoon. These variations were linked to lagoon temperature stratifications which became more pronounced as wind speeds increased. Temperature stratification at the lagoon indicated increased heat exchange at the lagoon's interface with the atmosphere. During the night, the stratification disappeared and temperatures in the water column were almost identical down to about 60 cm. This behavior is similar to that observed in other shallow water bodies that are fetch-limited. Lagoon heating was driven by the diurnal cycle of solar radiation and net radiation. This suggests that Bowen ratios had an inverse relationship with lagoon heating and its thermal stratification. This also indicates that there was an increase in latent heat flux and evaporation during the daytime. These results are important for characterizing the thermal behavior of the lagoon leading to a better representation of processes responsible for emissions.
Direct Spectroscopic Detection of Molecular Dynamics and Interactions of the Calcium Pump and Phospholamban a

: In order to test molecular models of cardiac calcium transport regulation, we have used spectroscopy to probe the structures, dynamics, and interactions of the Ca pump (Ca-ATPase) and phospholamban (PLB) in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and in reconstituted membranes. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and phosphorescence of probes bound to the Ca pump show that the activity of the pump is quite sensitive to its oligomeric interactions. In cardiac SR, PLB aggregates and inhibits the pump, and both effects are reversed by PLB phosphorylation. Previous analyses of PLB's oligomeric state were only in detergent solutions, so we used EPR and fluorescence to determine the oligomeric structure of PLB in its native state in lipid bilayers. Wild-type PLB is primarily oligomeric in the membrane, while the mutant L37A-PLB is monomeric. For both proteins, phosphorylation shifts the dynamic monomer-oligomer equilibrium toward oligomers, and induces a similar structural change, as indicated by tyrosine fluorescence; yet L37A-PLB is more effective than wild-type PLB in inhibiting and aggregating the pump. Fluorescence energy transfer shows that the Ca pump increases the fraction of monomeric PLB, indicating that the pump preferentially binds monomeric PLB. These results support a reciprocal aggregation model for Ca pump regulation, in which the Ca pump is aggregated and inhibited by association with PLB monomers, and phosphorylation of PLB reverses these effects while decreasing the concentration of PLB monomers. To investigate the structure of the PLB pentamer in more detail, we measured the reactivities of cysteine residues in the transmembrane domain of PLB, and recorded EPR spectra of spin labels attached to these sites. These results support an atomic structural model, based on molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis studies, in which the PLB pentamer is stabilized by a leucine-isoleucine zipper within the transmembrane domain.
Modification of Stresses in Evaporated Hafnia Coatings for Use in Vacuum

Tensile stresses in hafnia/silica coatings used in vacuum are modified by changes in process variables and design. Stress aging is extended through the use of thin-layer designs, but long-term improvements in stress are not realized.