cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online language teaching research : pedagogical, academic and institutional issues

With the growth of Internet technologies, online-based foreign language curricula are being introduced at large numbers of institutions internationally. This peer-reviewed volume, geared towards a broad audience, presents innovative research on online language teaching, with chapters by highly engaged scholars and practitioners from the U.S. and Europe, with a strong background in applied linguistics and language pedagogy. Questions addressed include: the (dis)advantages of non-traditional delivery modes; the coexistence of online-based approaches with other modes of instruction; promoting student motivation and involvement; ‘quality’ and assessment of online-based curriculum and teaching; student and instructor expectations; and design and administration of online language curricula.
Intensive Care and the Surgical Neonate

This chapter examines the role of the Intensive Care Unit in the management of the surgical neonate. It discusses some of the techniques that are used and looks at the requirements of some specific neonatal conditions.
Abstract 4744: Rosuvastatin Does Not Improve Myocardial Function, Perfusion, or Stimulate Myocyte Proliferation in Swine With Hibernating Myocardium

Background: Recent large clinical trials have failed to demonstrate an effect of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin in patients with systolic heart failure. In contrast, in swine with hibernating myocardium, pravastatin improves myocardial function by mobilizing progenitor cells and stimulating myocytes to reenter the cardiac cell cycle. We tested the hypothesis that these discordant effects reflect a differential ability of statins to facilitate endogenous cardiac stem cell proliferation. Methods: Swine with a chronic LAD stenosis and collateral-dependent hibernating myocardium were studied in the propofol sedated state 4-months after instrumentation. Flow and function were compared at baseline and 4-weeks after rosuvastatin (40mg/day p.o., n=6). Histological analysis was performed to quantify myocyte nuclear density. The frequency of myocytes in the growth phase of the cell cycle was evaluated by Ki-67. Myocardial progenitor cells were quantified using the cell surface marker ckit and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results were compared to untreated (n=10) and historical animals treated with pravastatin (160 mg/day, p.o., n=12) (Table). Results: Neither pravastatin nor rosuvastatin affected vasodilated myocardial perfusion (relative LAD/Remote). While pravastatin increased myocyte proliferation, there was no effect of rosuvastatin on function and myocyte nuclear density was not changed from untreated animals. These observations reflected the fact that, in contrast to pravastatin, rosuvastatin did not increase ckit + cells or Ki67 + myocytes. Conclusion: These data indicate that the ability of statins to stimulate myocyte proliferation and improve function in viable chronically dysfunctional myocardium is not a class effect. The inability of rosuvastatin to improve function and stimulate myocyte proliferation may be responsible for its inability to impact survival in the GISI-HF and CORONA trials.
Surgical Management of Lateral Ventricular Tumors

A series of 17 consecutive patients with lateral ventricular tumors were reviewed to determine their range of pathology and to assess the morbidity and mortality associated with their surgical treatment. This review demonstrated that these tumors rarely cause localizing findings on neurologic examination. They create severe memory problems and deficits in cognitive function as demonstrated by a relative deficit in the Performance IQ compared to the Verbal IQ. Operative procedures were divided into transcortical and transcallosal approaches and examined with regard to the relative liabilities of each procedure. Optimal tumor exposure and preservation of neurologic function most often was obtained with transcallosal surgery. In addition, excessive retraction and the risk of seizures can be reduced by exposing the tumor through the corpus callosum. Recognition of the potential problems the can occur in the surgery for lateral ventricular tumors can improve the management of these patients.
Evaluation Theory and Metatheory

What is evaluation? Synthesizing what the dictionaries and common usage tell us, it is the process of determining the merit, worth, or significance of things (near-synonyms are quality/value/importance). Reports on the results of this process are called evaluations if complex, evaluative claims if simple sentences, and we here use the term evaluand for whatever it is that is evaluated (optionally, we use evaluee to indicate that an evaluand is a person).
In Vitro Production of Amyloid β-Protein: A Route to the Mechanism and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Progressive cerebral dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome is accompanied by the formation of innumerable extracellular amyloid deposits in the form of senile plaques and microvascular amyloid. The amyloid fibrils are composed of the 39–43 residue amyloid s-protein (As), a fragment of the integral membrane polypeptide, s-amyloid precursor protein (sAPP). Evidence from several laboratories has shown that amorphous, largely nonfilamentous deposits of As (“diffuse or ”pre-amyloid“ plaques) precede the development of fibrillary amyloid, dystrophic neurites, neurofibrillary tangles, and other cytopathological changes in Down’s syndrome and, by inference, in Alzheimer’s disease. This finding suggests that s-amyloidosis, like certain other amyloidoses, does not occur secondary to local cellular pathology (e.g., dystrophic neurites) but rather precedes it. The clearest evidence that the processing of sAPP into As can actually cause Alzheimer’s disease has come from the identification by several laboratories of missense mutations in the sAPP gene within and flanking the As region in affected members of certain families having Alzheimer’s disease or hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type.
Trauma’s Influence on Relationships: Clients’ Perspectives at an Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Program

Although individuals who engage in intimate partner violence (IPV) report high rates of trauma exposure, it is unclear whether they perceive a link between trauma exposures and relationship problems, which traumas are seen as most influential, and whether such perceptions accurately reflect their relationship difficulties. Ninety-four men presenting for IPV intervention services reported their exposure to 22 adverse and potentially traumatic events (APTEs), and were asked whether these events had influenced the way that they think, act, or feel in relationships. APTEs were categorized based on whether or not they appeared to represent PTSD Criterion A traumatic events. Additionally, participants completed self-report measures of IPV use, partner injuries, emotional abuse, relationship problems, emotion regulation difficulties, and PTSD symptoms. Nearly half (43.6%) of the sample reported that one or more APTEs had influenced the way they function in relationships. Of the 92 reports of non-Criterion A APTEs, 42.4% were endorsed as relationship-influencing, whereas only 19.7% of the 310 occurrences of Criterion A APTEs were endorsed as relationship-influencing. The number of relationship-influencing APTEs reported was positively correlated with emotional abuse, relationship problems, emotion regulation difficulties, and PTSD symptoms. In contrast, the number of non-relationship-influencing APTEs reported was only correlated with emotional abuse. Findings from this exploratory study (1) demonstrate the ability of clients receiving IPV services to discern which APTEs have relevance to their relationships; (2) suggest the benefits of considering non-Criterion A APTEs; and (3) indicate the need for trauma- informed IPV intervention services.
The Song-Hunting Project: Fostering Diversity in Music Education

Well into the 21st century, a lack of diversity still permeates many aspects of music education in the United States. Most music education courses present the White, Anglo culture as the default frame of reference. This is still the case more than half a century after the Tanglewood Declaration of 1967, in which the music education profession declared its intent to make its content less Western high art-centric. Diversity is also conspicuously absent among the music education student body. Female, White, and high-income students are overrepresented in K-12 music education courses, particularly in high school, whereas students from low socio-economic backgrounds and non-native English speakers are significantly underrepresented. Finally, admission processes and training programs for music teachers commonly exclude all music traditions but Western high art, leading to an overwhelmingly White and middle-class music teaching force. In The Song-Hunting Project students, parents, and music teachers from a dual-language elementary school created a collaborative class songbook. The students recorded their parents singing songs in Spanish and English and then transcribed and analyzed these songs working in teams. This process provided an opportunity for participants to learn about each other’s background cultures, fostering a sense of belonging to the school community. The Song-Hunting Project stands as a viable example of acknowledgement and validation of diversity in music education’s curriculum content, student body, and teacher force.
“Can you help me count these pennies?”: Surfacing preschoolers’ understandings of counting

ABSTRACTCapturing the breadth and variety of children’s understanding is critical if studies of children’s mathematical thinking are to inform policy and practice in early childhood education. This...
Spin phases of the helimagnetic insulator Cu 2 OSeO 3 probed by magnon heat conduction

We report studies of thermal conductivity as functions of magnetic field and temperature in the helimagnetic insulator ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{OSeO}}_{3}$ that reveal novel features of the spin-phase transitions as probed by magnon heat conduction. The tilted conical spiral and low-temperature skyrmion phases, recently identified in small-angle neutron scattering studies, are clearly identified by sharp signatures in the magnon thermal conductivity. Magnon scattering associated with the presence of domain boundaries in the tilted conical phase and regions of skyrmion and conical-phase coexistence are identified.
Memory: The Stack

In the first three chapters, we embark on a practical study of computation. Our goal is to develop and understand a simple but expressive model of computation that will underlie the material in the remainder of this book—and on which you can subsequently draw when learning more advanced programming skills and concepts. In the first chapter, we introduce memory; in the second, procedure. In the third, we combine memory and procedure to study two basic data structures.
Fully coupled end-to-end drilling optimization model using machine learning

Abstract Drilling optimization has been studied extensively given its impact on an oil and gas project – especially in a low-price environment. This is generally approached by optimizing the rate of penetration (ROP) of the well, which may not always be the best strategy. Additionally, optimization strategies rarely include the effect of torsional drilling vibrations (stick-slip) – the biggest ROP inhibitor. As such, most optimization studies have attempted to optimize only one drilling metric – ROP, mechanical specific energy (MSE) or vibrations – independent of the other, despite their interaction downhole. This does not represent bottom hole conditions accurately. This paper introduces a method of coupling several downhole parameters using machine learning algorithms. Individual models for ROP, torque on bit (TOB), MSE, and stick-slip are built using a data-driven modeling approach using the random forests algorithm. The random forest algorithm is used given its lower error rate in modeling ROP (11%), TOB (13%), and classifying drilling vibrations (F-1 score of 0.94) as compared to other machine learning algorithms evaluated in this paper (linear regression, k nearest neighbors, bagging, and neural networks). The models are coupled by building them conjointly during training. The model uses weight-on-bit (WOB), rotary speed, flowrate, and rock strength as inputs to provide an optimal set of these input parameters to use ahead of the bit for optimal drilling. The coupled model was evaluated to optimize ROP and MSE on validation data. ROP increased by 31% and MSE decreased by 49% on average with the use of this optimization model. A case study from the Williston Basin is discussed to illustrate the practical application of this model.
A Simulation-Based Optimization Model to Study the Impact of Multiple-Region Listing and Information Sharing on Kidney Transplant Outcomes.

More than 8000 patients on the waiting list for kidney transplantation die or become ineligible to receive transplants due to health deterioration. At the same time, more than 4000 recovered kidneys from deceased donors are discarded each year in the United States. This paper develops a simulation-based optimization model that considers several crucial factors for a kidney transplantation to improve kidney utilization. Unlike most proposed models, the presented optimization model incorporates details of the offering process, the deterioration of patient health and kidney quality over time, the correlation between patients’ health and acceptance decisions, and the probability of kidney acceptance. We estimate model parameters using data obtained from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR). Using these parameters, we illustrate the power of the simulation-based optimization model using two related applications. The former explores the effects of encouraging patients to pursue multiple-region waitlisting on post-transplant outcomes. Here, a simulation-based optimization model lets the patient select the best regions to be waitlisted in, given their demand-to-supply ratios. The second application focuses on a system-level aspect of transplantation, namely the contribution of information sharing on improving kidney discard rates and social welfare. We investigate the effects of using modern information technology to accelerate finding a matching patient to an available donor organ on waitlist mortality, kidney discard, and transplant rates. We show that modern information technology support currently developed by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) is essential and can significantly improve kidney utilization.
Structural membrane changes induced by pulsed blue light on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Abstract Background In a recent study we showed that blue light inactivates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by perturbing, depolarizing, and disrupting its cell membrane. Purpose The current study presents visual evidence that the observed biochemical changes also result in cell metabolic changes and structural alteration of the cell membrane. Methods Cultures of MRSA were treated with 450 nm pulsed blue light (PBL) at 3 mW/cm2 irradiance, using a sub lethal dose of 2.7 J/cm2 radiant exposure three times at 30-min intervals. Following 24 h incubation at 37 °C, irradiated colonies and control non-irradiated colonies were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Results The images obtained revealed three major effects of PBL; (1) disruption of MRSA cell membrane, (2) alteration of membrane structure, and (3) disruption of cell replication. Conclusion These signs of bacterial inactivation at a dose deliberately selected to be sub-lethal supports our previous finding that rapid depolarization of bacterial cell membrane and disruption of cellular function comprise another mechanism underlying photo-inactivation of bacteria. Further, it affirms the potency of PBL.
2 – PROBABILITY AND RELATED CONCEPTS

This chapter discusses the fundamentals of probability and some related concepts. Probability is understood in terms of proportions associated with some population of people or things that are of interest. There is a probability called conditional probability that refers to the probability of some event given that some other event has occurred; it plays a fundamental role in statistics. The notion of conditional probability is illustrated in two ways. The first is based on what is called a contingency table. In the contingency table are the probabilities associated with four mutually exclusive groups. The second probabilities are known as marginal probabilities which are just the proportion of one variable to the other. Roughly, two events are independent if the probability associated with the first event is not altered when the second event is known. If the probability is altered, the events are dependent. Probability concepts include expected values, conditional probability and independence, population variance, binomial probability function, and the normal curve.
An alternative to antepartum fetal heart rate testing

The high-risk pregnancies of 203 patients were prospectively studied to test the hypothesis that the maternal perception of fetal movement is as useful as antepartum fetal heart rate testing (AFHRT) in assessing fetal welfare. Evidence for an active fetus (186 cases, 92%) was usually followed by a normal AFHRT result (320/330 results, 97%). Furthermore, a favorable perinatal outcome was equally predicted by an active fetus (168/186 cases, 90%) and a normal AFHRT result (173/190 cases, 91%). Evidence for an inactive fetus was less sensitive but not significantly different from an abnormal AFHRT in predicting an unfavorable perinatal outcome (10/17 cases versus 11/13 cases, p > 0.05). However, an abnormal AFHRT result coincident with fetal inactivity was highly predictive of an unfavorable neonatal outcome in nine of 10 cases. In conclusion, the data reveal that a record of fetal activity by the compliant patient is a reliable alternative to AFHRT for the initial screening of fetal well-being.
The PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo

``Glauber'' models are used to calculate geometric quantities in the initial state of heavy ion collisions, such as impact parameter, number of participating nucleons and initial eccentricity. The four RHIC experiments have different methods for Glauber Model calculations, leading to similar results for various geometric observables. In this document, we describe an implementation of the Monte Carlo based Glauber Model calculation used by the PHOBOS experiment. The assumptions that go in the calculation are described. A user's guide is provided for running various calculations.
ISUZU New 8.4L Diesel Engine

A new series of 6 cylinder direct injection 8.4 liter diesel engines have been designed by Isuzu Motors Limited. Naturally aspirated, turbocharged and turbocharged-aftercooled versions, have been developed to meet the needs of 8 to 16 ton GVW commercial vehicles, as well as industrial and marine applications. These engines cover the range of 147-200 kw (195-270HP) output. The design objectives for these engines included such features as high output, better fuel economy, high reliability and durability, as well as minimum weight and cost. This paper deals with the design, development and performance aspects of these engines.
The role of GATA in mammalian reproduction.

GATA transcription factors are emerging as critical players in mammalian reproductive development and function. GATA-4 contributes to fetal male gonadal development by regulating genes mediating Mullerian duct regression and the onset of testosterone production. GATA-2 expression appears to be sexually dimorphic being transiently expressed in the germ cell lineage of the fetal ovary but not the fetal testis. In the reproductive system, GATA-1 is exclusively expressed in Sertoli cells at specific seminiferous tubule stages. In addition, GATA-4 and GATA-6 are localized primary to ovarian and testicular somatic cells. The majority of cell transfection studies demonstrate that GATA-1 and GATA-4 can stimulate inhibin subunit gene promoter constructs. Other studies provide strong evidence that GATA-4 and GATA-6 can activate genes mediating gonadal cell steroidogenesis. GATA-2 and GATA-3 are found in pituitary and placental cells and can regulate alpha-glycoprotein subunit gene expression. Gonadal expression and activation of GATAs appear to be regulated in part by gonadotropin signaling via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A pathway. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding GATA expression and function at all levels of the reproductive axis.
House Of The Universe

Golden-green light has made lacework patterns in the room, this room where you stay, I stay, and someone else stays. In the circumambient blue air, blue climbing vines make filigree designs upon the house all day. Like an architect with quick restraint, this structure's centerpoint stays fixed on slow burning light, love and grand tears. As if the bewildered roses lit up a thousand moons' radiance all at once and kept the house aglow, in the harsh mid-day, the kingfisher unfolds its turquoise-brown light and inlays the universe of the house with the lightning-streaked gems of sorrow. Your hands and mine keep very busy playing the household games, and someone else's engrossed hands play inside all these.
SPICE macro model for the simulation of zener diode current-voltage characteristics

Abstract It is shown how the existing SPICE diode model (Antognetti and Massobrio 1988) is inadequate to represent the current-voltage (l-V) characteristics of the zener diode and describes a new macro model that yields accurate performance of l-V reverse characteristics, with temperature effects. The focus is on the model structure and calculations of the necessary parameters. An example is given to illustrate the simulation result by using the SPICE diode model and the macro model approaches.
Evidence for a guanine nucleotide-aminoacyl-RNA complex as an intermediate in the enzymatic transfer of aminoacyl-RNA to ribosomes

Abstract In recent investigations in this laboratory (1,2) two fractions required for polyuridylic acid-directed synthesis of polyphenylalanine were obtained from extracts of Escherichia coli W by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. One of the fractions, designated F-I, catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-RNA to ribosomes in the presence of mRNA and GTP. This fraction has a high affinity for GTP and contains a GTPase that is stimulated by aminoacyl-RNA but not by stripped sRNA. Recently, Allende et al. (3) have shown that an enzyme fraction from E. coli B, which appears to be comparable to F-I, binds 3H-GTP. In the present investigation 3H-GTP was also found to interact with F-I to form a complex that is retained on a Millipore filter; however, if γ-32P-GTP is used, very little radioactivity is retained by the filter. On further investigation the amount of 3H-labeled compound bound to the protein was found to be decreased by the addition of aminocyl-RNA but not by stripped sRNA nor by N-acetylaminoacyl-RNA. Preliminary data indicate that F-I catalyzes the formation of a guanine nucleotide-aminoacyl-RNA complex which may be the intermediate product formed in the “enzymatic” transfer of aminoacyl-RNA to ribosomes.
A transient calcium influx into airway smooth muscle cells induced by immunization

Abstract We have recently reported that sensitization induced biphasic changes of resting membrane potential of the airway smooth muscle cells (Souhrada, 1985). To further clarify whether these changes may have any effect on the airway smooth muscle contractility, we have studied tracheal segments, isolated from Camm-Hartley guinea pigs during passive in vitro sensitization. At that time, airway smooth muscle cells were frequently penetrated with glass microelectrodes and the value of the resting membrane potential was determined simulatenously with changes in the isometric force. It was found that: (1) changes in the resting membrane potential were accompanied by alteration of the isometric force; during the depolarization phase a transient increase in the isometric force was observed achieving the maximal peak equal to 800±50mg; (2) both electrical nd contractile changes of airway smooth muscle preparations as induced by sensitization were dependent on the dilution of sensitized serum; ED50 of this relationship was equal to dilution of 1 : 2500, while the maximal depolarization and the maximal peak isometric force developed at the dilution of serum 1 : 10; (3) sensitization-induced sodium influx was critical for the development of the isometric force and depolarization, since pretreatment of tissues with amiloride (10−5M) or tetrodotoxin (10−7M) attenuated these changes; (4) an increase in the isometric force was related to both the opening of the voltage dependent calcium channels and the release of calcium from the intracellular pools.
Cancer patients' attitudes toward future research uses of stored human biological materials.

The policy debate concerning informed consent for future, unspecified research of stored human biological materials (HBM) would benefit from an understanding of the attitudes of individuals who con...
Functional polymers. XIX. Biuret oligomers and polymers of biologically active primary aliphatic amines

Biuret oligomers and polymers from primary aliphatic amines and aromatic or aliphatic diisocyanates have been synthesized. To demonstrate the feasibility of the synthesis of polybiurets, aliphatic primary amines with n-propyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, and n-dodecyl groups have been incorporated. For the synthesis of biuret oligomers of biologically active primary aliphatic amines [8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)-6-methoxyquinoline] (primaquine) and adamantanamine were selected. Primaquine was also incorporated into polyepichlorohydrin by nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine of the chloromethyl group by the primary aliphatic amino group of primaquine. The structure of the biuret polymers was established by elemental analysis, and by infrared 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic characterization. Several attempts to use primaquine as a diamine for the formation of condensation polymers, including reaction of primaquine with sebacoyl chloride (to form polyamides), or with diisocyanates (to form polyureas) were unsuccessful.
Acrolein and Mengo-Semliki Virus Immunity.

A PREVIOUS report1 and unpublished qualitative immunochemical findings indicated that acrolein combines with various serum proteins without altering species characteristics. During this work the antiseptic qualities of acrolein were evident by the absence of growth of microscopic organisms; no growth was demonstrable at any time in any of the sealed acroleinized preparations that had been stored at room temperature during a ten-year period. This is of special interest since strict sterile precautions were not exercised during collection of any of the animal sera. These observations, and the known toxic effects of acrolein, suggested application in the preparation of vaccines.
FRET-Based Localization of Fluorescent Protein Insertions Within the Ryanodine Receptor Type 1

Fluorescent protein (FP) insertions have often been used to localize primary structure elements in mid-resolution 3D cryo electron microscopic (EM) maps of large protein complexes. However, little is known as to the precise spatial relationship between the location of the fused FP and its insertion site within a larger protein. To gain insights into these structural considerations, Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements were used to localize green fluorescent protein (GFP) insertions within the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1), a large intracellular Ca2+ release channel that plays a key role in skeletal muscle excitation contraction coupling. A series of full-length His-tagged GFP-RyR1 fusion constructs were created, expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293T cells and then complexed with Cy3NTA, a His-tag specific FRET acceptor. FRET efficiency values measured from each GFP donor to Cy3NTA bound to each His tag acceptor site were converted into intermolecular distances and the positions of each inserted GFP were then triangulated relative to a previously published X-ray crystal structure of a 559 amino acid RyR1 fragment. We observed that the chromophoric centers of fluorescent proteins inserted into RyR1 can be located as far as 45 A from their insertion sites and that the fused proteins can also be located in internal cavities within RyR1. These findings should prove useful in interpreting structural results obtained in cryo EM maps using fusions of small fluorescent proteins. More accurate point-to-point distance information may be obtained using complementary orthogonal labeling systems that rely on fluorescent probes that bind directly to amino acid side chains.
Recursion detection testing on software components

Component-based software design and programming are widely adopted for software development. One of the important features of component technology is its reusability and composablity. It also makes testing difficult since all components are deployed and their source-codes are not available. In this paper, we present a test model that can be used to detect and test a recursion in component-oriented software especially in asynchronous event invocations between components. The methodology proposed is efficient and effective and it can also be used for testing recursions in Web services and Grid services software applications.
A comparative study of the gaseous products generated by thermal and ultra-violet laser pyrolyses of the polyimide PMDA-ODA

Abstract Thermal and UV-laser pyrolyses of the commercial thin film polymer PMDA-ODA (Kapton®) were studied to determine the gaseous products evolved and to elucidate a potential mechanism for decomposition. Thermal pyrolysis covered a temperature range from 800 to 1300 °C in 100 degree increments. Non-ablative laser pyrolysis was conducted using a continuous wave (cw) argon ion laser at 363.6 nm. The results from the UV-laser pyrolysis show that the principal gaseous products evolved are CO, CO 2 , C 2 H 2 , H 2 NNH 2 , CH 4 and HCN. The only gaseous products observed in the thermal pyrolysis study are CO and CO 2 . While the amount of carbon dioxide evolved was relatively constant, the concentration of carbon monoxide increased with temperature. These results help provide essential information for the analysis of the chemical properties of the commercial polyimide Kapton® and a better understanding of this carbonization process.
(Solid+liquid) phase equilibria and solid-compound formation in tetrachloromethane+furan, +pyridine, and +N-methylpyrrole

Abstract (Solid + liquid) phase diagrams have been constructed for tetrachloromethane + furan (C 4 H 4 O), +pyridine (C 5 H 5 N), and + N -methylpyrrole (C 5 H 7 N). Addition compounds do not form in { x CCl 4 + (1 − x )C 4 H 4 O}. In { x CCl 4 + (1 − x )C 5 H 5 N}, a non-stoichiometric congruently melting compound forms with the maximum in the melting curve at x = 0.634. In { x CCl 4 + (1 − x )C 5 H 7 N}, a congruently melting compound forms with the empirical formula CCl 4 · C 5 H 7 N. An incongruently melting compound also forms with the empirical formula CCl 4 · (C 5 H 7 N) 2 . Solid solutions form in all three systems and are especially evident in { x CCl 4 + (1 − x )C 5 H 5 N}.
Stability of A-150 plastic ionisation chamber response over a ∼30-y period

At the NIU Institute for Neutron Therapy at Fermilab, the clinical tissue-equivalent ionization chamber response is measured every treatment day using a cesium source that was configured to match readings obtained at the National Bureau of Standards. Daily measurements are performed in air using the air-to-tissue dose conversion factors given in AAPM Report no. 7. The measured exposure calibration factors have been tabulated and graphed as a function of time from 1978 to present. For A-150 plastic ionization chambers, these factors exhibit a sinusoidal variation with a period of approximately one year and amplitude of {+-} 1%. This variation, attributable to the hygroscopic nature of A-150 plastic, is correlated with the relative humidity of the facility, and is greater than the humidity corrections for gas described in the literature. Our data suggest that chamber calibration should be performed at least weekly to accommodate these variations.
Mechanism of Action of Starch as a Tablet Disintegrant III: Factors Affecting Starch Grain Damage and Their Effect on Swelling of Starch Grains and Disintegration of Tablets at 37°

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of the tableting procedure on starch grain swelling and tablet disintegration. The swelling of damaged starch grains in simulated gastric fluid USP is demonstrated. Submersion of starch samples that had been ball milled from 10 to 48 hr. produced increases in grain diameters of 40 to 80 percent. Damage to the grains resulting from compression of pure cornstarch is shown to be insignificant. The effect of compressional force and hardness of tablet ingredients was examined and in each formulation the starch grain damage increased with compressional force. There was no correlation between degree of starch grain damage and hardness of the tablet ingredients. It appeared that the crystalline form of the ingredient may have exerted a greater influence on starch damage than the hardness. There was no correlation between starch damage and stress produced by elastic recovery of the tablet. Contrary to what might be expected, there was an inverse relation between the amount of stress and the degree of starch grain damage for all of the formulations except aspirin. There was no evident relationship demonstrated between disintegration time and starch grain damage. Outside of compressional force, the inherent effect of the tablet ingredient was the only factor that appeared to affect disintegration. The long-accepted swelling mechanism of starch as a tablet disintegrant was not demonstrated in this study. The results of the investigation revealed no measurable correlations between starch grain damage and disintegration or between starch swelling and compressional force.
The modular automorphism group of a Poisson manifold

Abstract The modular flow of Poisson manifold is a 1-parameter group of automorphisms determined by the choice of a smooth density on the manifold. When the density is changed, the generator of the group changes by a hamiltonian vector field, so one has a 1-parameter group of “outer automorphisms” intrinsically attached to any Poisson manifold. The group is trivial if and only if the manifold admits a measure which is invariant under all hamiltonian flows. The notion of modular flow in Poisson geometry is a classical limit of the notion of modular automorphism group in the theory of von Neumann algebras. In addition, the modular flow of a Poisson manifold is related to modular cohomology classes for associated Lie algebroids and symplectic groupoids. These objects have recently turned out to be important in Poincare duality theory for Lie algebroids.
Plasticity of Somatosensory Cortex in Primates

Abstract Over recent years, we have come to the surprising realization that sensory cortex is highly plastic in functional organization, even in adult brains. Much of the evidence for this conclusion comes from studies of the effects of peripheral deafferentation or sensory experience on the somatotopy of primary somatosensory cortex (area 3b) of monkeys. Local modifications in cortical representations occur rapidly after sensory loss or more gradually during altered sensory experience. These changes depend on reductions in lateral inhibition and other dynamic adjustments in sensory networks, as well as Hebbian-like modifications of synaptic strengths. Activity-dependent alterations in the expression of neurotransmitters and modulators may also play a role. After major deactivations, such as those produced by amputation or section of dorsal column afferents, cortex regains responsiveness over a much longer time period as a result, at least in part, from the growth of new connections.
Systems biology: Functional analysis of natural microbial consortia using community proteomics.

We know very little about the metabolic functioning and evolutionary dynamics of microbial communities. Recent advances in comprehensive, sequencing-based methods, however, are laying a molecular foundation for new insights into how microbial communities shape the Earth's biosphere. Here we explore the convergence of microbial ecology, genomics, biological mass spectrometry and informatics that form the new field of microbial community proteogenomics. We discuss the first applications of proteogenomics and its potential for studying the physiology, ecology and evolution of microbial populations and
HRI 2010 panels

Robots are becoming part of people's everyday social lives — and will increasingly become so. In future years, robots may become caretaking assistants for the elderly, or academic tutors for our children, or medical assistants, day care assistants, or psychological counselors. Robots may become our co-workers in factories and offices, or maids in our homes. They may become our friends. As we move to create our future with robots, hard problems in HRI exist, both technically and socially. The Fifth Annual Conference on HRI seeks to take up grand technical and social challenges in the field — and speak to their integration. This panel brings together 4 leading experts in the field of HRI to speak on this topic. At the 2008 ACM/IEEE Conference on HumanRobot Interaction, a provocative panel was held to discuss the complicated ethical issues that abound in the field of human-robot interaction. The panel members and the audience participation made it clear that the HRI community desires — indeed, is in need of — an ongoing discussion on the nature of social responsibility in the field of humanrobot interaction. At the 2010 Conference, we will hold a panel on the issues of social responsibility in HRI, focusing on the unique features of robotic interaction that call for responsible action (e.g., value-specific domains such as autonomy, accountability, trust, and/or human dignity; and application areas such as military applications, domestic care, entertainment, and/or communication). As a young and rapidly growing field, we have a responsibility to conduct our research in such a way that it leads to humanrobot interaction outcomes that promote rather than hinder the flourishing of humans across society. What does social responsibility within the HRI field look like, and how do we conduct our work while adhering to such an obligation? The panelists will be asked to address this and related questions as a means of continuing an ongoing conversation on social responsibility in human-robot interaction.
Dynamics of a classical quasi-point charge

Abstract The correct equation for the dynamics of a classical charged particle (when its structure is neglected) has been derived previously, replacing the Lorentz–Abraham–Dirac (LAD) equation. The present Letter completes that dynamics by providing essential conditions necessary for its internal consistency. These are closely related to the limitations of classical physics imposed by quantum mechanics: a point limit is not allowed in a classical theory . The result is a classical dynamics of quasi-point charges.
Leonard Medal Citation for Robert M. Walker

The 1993 Leonard Medalist, Robert M. Walker, started his professional career during the 1950s, as a physicist studying radiation effects in solids. The work for which he is probably best known, the study of particle tracks in solids, began in the early 1960s at the General Electric Research Laboratories, in collaboration with R. L. Fleischer and P. B. Price. Many of us working in the field of meteoritics have had no formal training in geology. This is usually a handicap, but it proved to be important in launching the science of trackology. Muscovite mica was an important material in the early studies of particle tracks and, even today, is the optimum track detector in many respects.
Extending Embedded Computing Scheduling Algorithms for Reconfigurable Computing Systems

Current work on automatic task partitioning and scheduling for reconfigurable computing (RC) systems strictly addresses the FPGA hardware, and does not take advantage of the synergy between the microprocessor and the FPGA. Efforts on partitioning between muP and the FPGA are a manual and laborious effort, as a formal methodology for automatic hardware-software partitioning has not been established. Related fields such as heterogeneous computing (HC) and embedded computing (EC) have an extensive body of work for scheduling for heterogeneous processors. Unlike the HC scheduling algorithms, the EC algorithms take into account the differences in computational capabilities of each processing element. In this work, we adapt EC scheduling algorithms for RC systems, and show how simply adapting the algorithms alone is not sufficient to take advantage of the reconfigurable hardware. We introduce new heuristic algorithms based on EC scheduling algorithms and show that they provide up to an order of magnitude improvement in scheduling and execution times.
Ignitability measurements with the cone calorimeter

~ ') The Cone Calorimeter is a new-generation instrument developed primarily for making rate of heat release measurements. This instrument, containing a uniform and well-characterized irradiance source, was also seen to be useful for making measurements of radiant ignition on materials. Data have now been collected for a wide range of materials. The effects of various apparatus dependencies are discussed. Also, some comparative data are available illustrating the performance of similar materials in other apparatuses. Finally, for a selected material, Douglas fir particle board, a detailed comparison with an ignition model has been made.
Otoplasty: Surgical correction of the protruding ear

Congenital abnormalities of the auricle span a spectrum of abnormalities from total anotia to slight asymmetries of an otherwise normal appearing ear. This article is dedicated to the management of the prominent, or protruding ear. A number of well-known surgical techniques have been described for the correction of the protruding ear. The ideal set of techniques must accomplish several goals. The desired post-operative results must include (1) a normal appearing auricular contour from both the frontal and lateral views, (2) an absence of unnatural sharp edges in the cartilage framework, and (3) symmetry of both ears. The techniques involved must be relatively easy to learn and must also yield reproducible results.
Electrohydrodynamics of Thin Flowing Films

Thin films of oil flowing down a nearly-vertical plate were subjected to a strong normal electrostatic field. Steady-state height profiles were measured by fluorescence imaging. For electrode potentials less than that required to produce an instability, the two-dimensional response of the interface was < 1%. Calculations of the fluid height coupled with the electric field solution were identical to uncoupled calculations for electric fields below the stability threshold. Pressure profiles under the film and three-dimensional effects are also discussed.
High-frequency high-temperature conductivity of metals

We calculate from first principles the high-frequency high-temperature conductivity of metals and find that to dominant order the temperature-dependent collision frequency is given by ν(T) = ν1(T/Tm) + ν2(T/Tm)2, where Tm represents the melting temperature and ν1 and ν2 are independent of T. The origin of the quadratic-temperature term arises from the contribution of the anharmonic ion potential near melting to the phonon spectra.
Gangrenous Cellulitis Associated with Gram-Negative Bacilli in Pancytopenic Patients: dilemma with Respect to Effective Therapy

Introduction Gangrenous (necrotizing) cellulitis is a progressive bacterial infection of skin and soft tissue; the infection can spread into subcutaneous tissue with involvement of superficial and deep fascia (necrotizing fasciitis). We describe two pancytopenic patients with polymicrobial gram-negative bacteremia and fulminating gangrenous cellulitis. Case reports Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from a localized hemorrhagic area of the face in one patient. The chronology of infection in these two patients is documented in a series of dramatic color photographs. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, the infections progressed relentlessly and both patients died. Comments We discuss the dilemma of establishing the correct diagnosis prior to the appearance of the characteristic cutaneous manifestations of hemorrhagic necrosis and gangrene. Once the diagnosis is established, surgical excision is universally recommended. Unfortunately, bleeding diatheses in pancytopenic patients with co-existing coagulation deficiencies pose logistic obstacles in urgent, real-life situations. The timing and conditions for surgery need to be elucidated in these patients. An approach to this infection is proposed. The utility of frozen-section biopsy of the involved tissue and computed tomographic scans of the involved area remains to be evaluated.
Infrared detection of the PCO radical and HPCO molecule

Abstract The PCO radical and phosphaketene, HPCO, have been prepared by reaction of CO with P atoms or PH radicals produced from P 4 and PH 3 discharge or photolysis. Infrared spectra of the argon-matrix-isolated PCO, HPCO and the 2 H, 13 C, 18 O isotopically substituted species were studied.
New avenues for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation.

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were, until recently, the only option for chronic anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Three new oral anticoagulants have been tested for this indication in recent randomized trials: dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. They offer the promise of consistent effect without the need for monitoring drug levels. Overall, efficacy and safety appear to be noninferior, and in some instances superior, to warfarin. However, the new drugs have their downsides, and switching from warfarin is not recommended for all patients. This review focuses on the available evidence and attempts to provide guidance to clinicians in the field. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013); 93 1, 68–77. doi:10.1038/clpt.2012.197