cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypothesis Generation From Text Based On Co-Evolution Of Biomedical Concepts

Hypothesis generation (HG) refers to the task of mining meaningful implicit association between unlinked biomedical concepts. The majority of prior studies have focused on uncovering these implicit linkages from static snapshots of the corpus, thereby largely ignoring the temporal dynamics of medical concepts. More recently, a few initial studies attempted to overcome this issue by modelling the temporal change of concepts from natural language text. However, they still fail to leverage the evolutionary features of concepts from contemporary knowledge-bases (KB's) such as semantic lexicons and ontologies. In practice such KB's contain up-to-date information that is important to incorporate, especially, in highly evolving domains such as biomedicine. Furthermore, considering the complementary strength of these sources of information - corpus and ontology - a few natural questions arise: Can joint modelling of (co)-evolutionary dynamics from these resources aid in encoding the temporal features at a granular level? Can the mutual evolution between these intertwined resources lead to better predictive effects? To answer these questions, in this study, we present a novel HG framework that unearths the latent associations between concepts by modeling their co-evolution across complementary sources of information. More specifically, the proposed approach adopts a shared temporal matrix factorization framework that models the co-evolution of concepts across both corpus and KB. Extensive experiments on the largest available biomedical corpus validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Phase I/II Study of Neoadjuvant Cisplatin, Docetaxel, and Nintedanib for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Nintedanib enhances the activity of chemotherapy in metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this phase I/II study, we assessed safety and efficacy of nintedanib plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy, using major pathologic response (MPR) as primary endpoint. Experimental Design: Eligible patients had stage IB (≥4 cm)–IIIA resectable NSCLC. A safety run-in phase was followed by an expansion phase with nintedanib 200 mg orally twice a day (28 days), followed by three cycles of cisplatin (75 mg/m2), docetaxel (75 mg/m2) every 21 days plus nintedanib, followed by surgery. With 33 planned patients, the study had 90% power to detect an MPR increase from 15% to 35%. Results: Twenty-one patients (stages I/II/III, N = 1/8/12) were treated. One of 15 patients treated with nintedanib 200 mg achieved MPR [7%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2%–32%]. Best ORR in 20 evaluable patients was 30% (6/20, 95% CI, 12%–54%). Twelve-month recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 66% (95% CI, 47%–93%) and 91% (95% CI, 79%–100%), respectively. Most frequent treatment-related grade 3–4 toxicities were transaminitis and electrolyte abnormalities. On the basis of an interim analysis the study was discontinued for futility. Higher levels of CD3+ and cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cells were found in treated tumors of patients who were alive than in those who died (652.8 vs. 213.4 cells/mm2, P = 0.048; 142.3 vs. 35.6 cells/mm2, P = 0.018). Conclusions: Although tolerated, neoadjuvant nintedanib plus chemotherapy did not increase MPR rate compared with chemotherapy historical controls. Additional studies of the combination in this setting are not recommended. Posttreatment levels of tumor-infiltrating T cells were associated with patient survival. Use of MPR facilitates the rapid evaluation of neoadjuvant therapies.
Infants’ response to a mobile phone modified still‐face paradigm: Links to maternal behaviors and beliefs regarding technoference

Interruptions to parent-child interactions due to technology, or "technoference," have been correlated with a host of negative child developmental outcomes. Yet, the influence of technoference on parent-infant interactions and infant behaviors has received less attention and more experimental work is warranted. For this study, parent-infant dyads (n = 227) completed a modified still-face paradigm (SFP) using a mobile phone during the still-face phase. Infant responses were coded for positive and negative affect, object and parent orientation, self-comforting, and escape behaviors during the task. Results showed a robust still-face effect, with infants displaying increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, increased self-comforting, object orientation, and escape behaviors during the "still-face" or phone distracted phase of the paradigm and frequently failing to return to baseline during the reunion phase. Older infants (older than 9 months) likewise demonstrated higher levels of negative affect across all three phases of the paradigm relative to younger infants (less than 9 months). Parent reports of technoference behavior were related to increased object orientation for younger infants. Parental technoference behaviors were also linked to more escape behaviors for younger infants and decreased object orientation in older infants during the still-face portion of the SFP. Higher levels of technoference also appear to attenuate the negative emotional response of infants during still face. Results are discussed in relation to infants' increasing exposure to digital technology in the context of early relationships.
An active avoidance behavioral paradigm for use in a mild closed head model of traumatic brain injury in mice.

Abstract Background A mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs to millions of people each year. Translational approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and the testing of the effectiveness of interventions typically require cognitive function assays in rodents. New methods Our goal was to validate the active avoidance task using the GEMINI avoidance system in a mouse model of mild closed head injury (CHI). Results We found that shock intensity had only a marginal effect on the test. We found that sex was an important biological variable, as female mice learned the task better than male mice. We demonstrate that a single mild CHI in mice caused deficits in the task at four weeks post-injury. Comparison with existing methods Active avoidance is a classical conditioning test in which mice must pair the presence of a conditioned stimulus with moving between two chambers to avoid an electric shock. External conditions (i.e., apparatus), as well as inherent differences in the mice, which may not be directly linked to the model of the disease (i.e., sensory differences), can affect the reproducibility of a behavioral assay. Before our study, there was a lack of standard operating procedures and validated methods for the active avoidance behavior for phenotyping mouse models of injury and disease. Conclusion We offer a method for validating the active avoidance test, and a standard operating procedure, which will be useful in other models of neurological injury and disease.
Punishments and the dominance identity in networks

In this study, we examine the effects of the structure of a network, the dominance identity of the actors, and the actors' ability to reward or punish on the use of punishment and the development of social bonds in a network. As expected, we find that peripheral rather than central actors in a network use punishment more, as do those with a high dominance identity. We also find that persons use punishment to increase or decrease their perceived level of dominance when their dominance identity is not verified. However, the patterns of interaction that develop in the network are an interactive function of network position, actor's dominance identity, and punishment use. We discuss how the social psychological drive to control one's identity interacts with social structural factors in the network to create different cultures of dyadic interaction.
Evidence for Pressure Driven Flows and Turbulent Dissipation in the Serpens NW Protocluster

We have mapped the dense gas distribution and dynamics in the NW region of the Serpens molecular cloud in the CS(2-1) and N2H+(1-0) lines and 3 mm continuum using the FCRAO telescope and BIMA interferometer. 7 continuum sources are found. The N2H+ spectra are optically thin and fits to the 7 hyperfine components are used to determine the distribution of velocity dispersion. 8 cores, 2 with continuum sources, 6 without, lie at a local linewidth minimum and optical depth maximum. The CS spectra are optically thick and generally self-absorbed over the full 0.2 pc extent of the map. We use the line wings to trace outflows around at least 3, and possibly 4, of the continuum sources, and the asymmetry in the self-absorption as a diagnostic of relative motions between core centers and envelopes. The quiescent regions with low N2H+ linewidth tend to have more asymmetric CS spectra than the spectra around the continuum sources indicating higher infall speeds. These regions have typical sizes ~5000 AU, linewidths ~0.5 km/s, and infall speeds ~0.05 km/s. The correlation of CS asymmetry with N2H+ velocity dispersion suggests that the inward flows of material that build up pre-protostellar cores are driven at least partly by a pressure gradient rather than by gravity alone. We discuss a scenario for core formation and eventual star forming collapse through the dissipation of turbulence.
Assessing the responsiveness of sonographic biomarkers to Brodalumab therapy in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

In Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), the identification of disease activity biomarkers is a key priority1 . Sonographic-based imaging biomarkers have been established as valid measurements of baseline disease activity2,3 , however the response of epidermal thickness, tunnel diameter and power Doppler intensity3 in the setting of pharmacologic therapy is unknown.
Validation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) adapted for the whole day repeated measures context.

Our objective was to investigate the validity of four-item and six-item versions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX, or TLX for short) for measuring work...
Adverse Outcomes during Postpartum Readmissions after Deliveries Complicated by Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.

Objective This study aimed to characterize risk for postpartum complications based on specific hypertensive diagnosis at delivery. Study design This retrospective cohort study used the 2010 to 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database to identify 60-day postpartum readmissions. Delivery hospitalizations were categorized based on hypertensive diagnoses as follows: (1) preeclampsia with severe features, (2) superimposed preeclampsia, (3) chronic hypertension, (4) preeclampsia without severe features, (5) gestational hypertension, or (6) no hypertensive diagnosis. Risks for 60-day readmission was determined based on hypertensive diagnosis at delivery. The following adverse outcomes during readmissions were analyzed: (1) stroke, (2) pulmonary edema and heart failure, (3) eclampsia, and (4) severe maternal morbidity (SMM). We fit multivariable log-linear regression models to assess the magnitude of association between hypertensive diagnoses at delivery and risks for readmission and associated complications with adjusted risk ratios (aRR) as measures of effect. Results From 2010 to 2014, 15.7 million estimated delivery hospitalizations were included in the analysis. Overall risk for 60-day postpartum readmission was the highest among women with superimposed preeclampsia (6.6%), followed by preeclampsia with severe features (5.2%), chronic hypertension (4.0%), preeclampsia without severe features (3.9%), gestational hypertension (2.9%), and women without a hypertensive diagnosis (1.5%). In adjusted analyses for pulmonary edema and heart failure as the outcome, risks were the highest for preeclampsia with severe features (aRR = 7.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.03, 10.14), superimposed preeclampsia (aRR = 8.21, 95% CI: 5.79, 11.63), and preeclampsia without severe features (aRR = 8.87, 95% CI: 7.06, 11.15). In the adjusted model for stroke, risks were similarly highest for these three hypertensive diagnoses. Evaluating risks for SMM during postpartum readmission, chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia were associated with the highest risks. Conclusion Chronic hypertension was associated with increased risk for a broad range of adverse postpartum outcomes. Risk estimates associated with chronic hypertension with and without superimposed preeclampsia were similar to preeclampsia with severe features for several outcomes. Key points · Chronic hypertension was associated with increased risk for a broad range of adverse outcomes.. · Close postpartum follow-up is required if hypertension is present at delivery.. · The majority of readmissions occurred within 10 days after delivery hospitalization discharge..
Some subpolytopes of the Birkhoff polytope

Some special subsets of the set of uniformly tapered doubly stochastic matrices are considered. It is proved that each such subset is a convex polytope and its extreme points are determined. A minimality result for the whole set of uniformly tapered doubly stochastic matrices is also given. It is well known that if x and y are nonnegative vectors of R and x is weakly majorized by y, there exists a doubly substochastic matrix S such that x = Sy. A special choice for such S is exhibited, as a product of doubly stochastic and diagonal substochastic matrices of a particularly simple structure.
Crustal Shortening and Extension in the Central Andes: Insights from a Viscoelastic Model

The Andes resulted mainly from crustal shortening associated with the South America-Nazca plate convergence in the past ~30 Myr. The GPS data indicate 30-40 mm yr crustal shortening across the entire Andean mountain belt and no significant extension in the High Andes, but the seismic data show crustal shortening concentrated in the sub-Andean thrust belt at a much lower rate (< 3 mm yr) and limited crustal extension in the High Andes with variable directions, and the geological data suggest 10~15 mm yr crustal shortening concentrated in the sub-Andean zone and widespread N-S extension since the Pleistocene. We explore these discrepancies using geodynamic models with timescale-dependent rheology. Using a simple viscoelastic-plastic model, we illustrate the relationship between instantaneous crustal motion reflected by the GPS data and long-term crustal shortening in geological records. We simulate the spatial distribution of the Andean crustal shortening in a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model. The results show nearly uniform short-term velocity gradients across the Andes, consistent with the GPS data, and concentrated long-term crustal shortening in the sub-Andean thrust zone, consistent with geological observations. Gravitational collapse in the high Andes is shown to be consistent with modern earthquake mechanisms, and the change of topographic loading along the Andes may explain the along-strike variation of extension directions indicated by seismic data. We explore the effects of boundary conditions and basal shear in the model for possible causes of the reported changes in the orientation of crustal extension through the Late Cenozoic.
Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections: Prevention and cost-control strategies

Abstract The treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia can be expensive, particularly If care is hospital-based. Cost control begins with prevention. Current influenza vaccines are about 80 percent protective, but grossly underused. Amantadine and rimantadine are effective chemoprophylactic agents against influenza A, but also underused. Use of pneumococcal vaccine is controversial, but patients who are thought to be at increased risk should be immunized. Management decisions in patients with pneumonia that have major cost implications include the need for hospitalization and choice of diagnostic tests and therapy. The need for hospitalization has not been well studied. In general, young patients with atypical pneumonia are treated at home, whereas older patients with complicating illnesses are admitted to hospitals. Length of hospitalization has decreased in recent years. Diagnostic tests have traditionally emphasized chest roentgenography, Gram staining of the sputum, and sputum culture. Published data suggest that a Grant staining of the sputum can be useful. Sputum cultures are frequently confusing and should be discontinued. Intermittent positive pressure breathing treatments have no value, and chest physiotherapy is unnecessary for most patients.
BASE ANALOGUE INDUCED ARABINOSE-NEGATIVE MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI.

EOXYRIBONUCLEIC acid codes information as a specific linear sequence of the base pairs adenine-thymine (AT) and guanine-cytosine (GC) ( WATSON and CRICK 1953). Replacement of an AT pair by a GC pair, o r a GC pair by an AT pais may cause a visible mutation. A transition is a base-pair change as written above in which a purine replaces a purine, and a pyrimidine replaces a pyrimidine (FREESE 1963). Consideration of possible hydrogen-bonding led FREESE ( 1959) to suggest that 2-aminopurine (AP) should cause both AT to GC and GC to AT transitions. The chemical specificity of hydroxylamine (HA) for cytosine and the revertibility of HA-induced mutants by AP suggest that HA causes only GC to AT transitions ( FREESE, BAUTZ-FREESE and BAUTZ 1961a). Those mutants which are AT to GC changes should show increased reversion rates back to wild type under the influence of HA, while GC to AT changes should not revert under the influence of HA. These two classes of AP induced mutants, found for the bacterial virus T4 (FREESE et al., 1961a,b) will be described for bacteria. 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) should cause AT to GC and GC to AT transitions, depending on whether the transition occurs during incorporation of the BUDR into DNA, or during replication of BUDR labeled DNA (FREESE 1963). Evidence supporting this hypothesis has been obtained from bacterial viruses ( FREESE 1963; TERZAGHI, STREISINGER and STAHL 1962) and bacteria (RUDNER 1961; STRELZOFF 1961, 1962), although in uitro experiments indicate that BUDR causes nontransition as well as transition DNA changes ( TRAUTNER, SWARTZ, and KORNBERG 1962). We will give evidence for the existence of BUDR induced transition and nontransition bacterial mutants. For discussions of specific mutagens see FREESE ( 1963), CLOWES (1964), and HAYES (1964).
A principled approach to score level fusion in multimodal biometric systems

A multimodal biometric system integrates information from multiple biometric sources to compensate for the limitations in performance of each individual biometric system. We propose an optimal framework for combining the matching scores from multiple modalities using the likelihood ratio statistic computed using the generalized densities estimated from the genuine and impostor matching scores. The motivation for using generalized densities is that some parts of the score distributions can be discrete in nature; thus, estimating the distribution using continuous densities may be inappropriate. We present two approaches for combining evidence based on generalized densities: (i) the product rule, which assumes independence between the individual modalities, and (ii) copula models, which consider the dependence between the matching scores of multiple modalities. Experiments on the MSU and NIST multimodal databases show that both fusion rules achieve consistently high performance without adjusting for optimal weights for fusion and score normalization on a case-by-case basis.
IL-3 induces B7.2 (CD86) expression and costimulatory activity in human eosinophils.

Eosinophils in tissues are often present in intimate contact with T cells in allergic and parasitic diseases. Resting eosinophils do not express MHC class II proteins or costimulatory B7 molecules and fail to induce proliferation of T cells to Ags. IL-5 and GM-CSF induce MHC class II and B7 expression on eosinophils and have been reported in some studies to induce eosinophils to present Ag to T cells. The cytokine IL-3, like IL-5 and GM-CSF, is a survival and activating factor for eosinophils and the IL-3 receptor shares with the IL-5 and GM-CSF receptors a common signal transducing β-chain. IL-3-treated eosinophils expressed HLA-DR and B7.2, but not B7.1 on their surface and supported T cell proliferation in response to the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, as well as the proliferation of HLA-DR-restricted tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza hemagglutinin-specific T cell clones to antigenic peptides. This was inhibited by anti-B7.2 mAb. In contrast, IL-3-treated eosinophils were unable to present native TT Ag to either resting or TT-specific cloned T cells. In parallel experiments, eosinophils treated with IL-5 or GM-CSF were also found to present superantigen and antigenic peptides, but not native Ag, to T cells. These results suggest that eosinophils are deficient in Ag processing and that this deficiency is not overcome by cytokines that signal via the β-chain. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that eosinophils activated by IL-3 may contribute to T cell activation in allergic and parasitic diseases by presenting superantigens and peptides to T cells.
Walking biomechanics of end stage knee OA and TKA patients

WALKING BIOMECHANICS OF END STAGE KNEE OA AND TKA PATIENTS Danielle Biton December 15,2010 Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is associated with decline in functional capacity and ultimately leads to Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) in many of these patients. Exercise regimens prior to surgery may potentially enhance pre and post TKA functional performance. However, assessment of such performance should involve biomechanical factors that characterize the mechanisms with which tasks are performed, and not just the quantity of task performed. The present overall study investigated walking biomechanics of end stage knee OA and TKA patients. Throughout the three sub-studies that comprised the overall investigation, particular emphasis was placed on heelstrike and the loading response phase of gait, in addition to functional ability parameters. The first sub-study investigated gait biomechanics and fatigue during a 6 minute walk for patients with end stage knee OA. Results demonstrated that even if patients were able to maintain their gait velocity throughout the walk, subtle but statistically significant differences at the ankle were present after the 6 minute walk. Knee OA patients may be experiencing higher loading conditions at the knee after 6 min. In order to adapt to fatigue, knee OA patients appear to adopt ankle strategies alleviating the load from a painful knee, rather than knee strategies, causing greater instability and reduced
The Book of Salsa: A Chronicle of Urban Music from the Caribbean to New York City

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Cesar Miguel Rondon Translators: Frances R. Aparicio, Jackie White Year: 2008 Pages: 352 Publisher: University of North Carolina Press ISBN: 978-0-8078-3129-8 (hard cover). Prices: $59.95 USD(hard cover).
Improved response function for the Simplex optimization of piecewise linear discriminants

Abstract Response functions are investigated that improve the performance of piecewise linear discriminants computed with Simplex optimization. Employing data from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) remote sensing measurements of sulfur hexafluoride, methanol, acetone, and 2-butanone, piecewise linear discriminants are computed that allow automated detection decisions to be made regarding the presence of each analyte. In this application, the limit of detection of an analyte is determined by the degree to which the discriminants are optimally positioned in the data space formed from digitally filtered segments of the FTIR interferogram data. When Simplex optimization is used to guide the discriminant placement, a response function is required whose value correlates with the degree to which the discriminant is optimally positioned in the data space. This work investigates the requirements for a successful response function and tests 20 possible components of this function. From this evaluation, a response function is constructed that includes the logarithmically scaled summation of the discriminant scores of the currently misclassified analyte-active interferograms. This response function is evaluated by correlating the function values with the classification performance of optimized piecewise linear discriminants. Regression analysis is used to quantify this correlation for cases in which the discriminants are applied to test data not included in the original discriminant optimizations. The new response function is observed to perform significantly better than functions used previously in terms of the absolute classification performance of the computed discriminants and the degree of correlation between the function values and classification performance.
Random excitation of nonlinear elastic structures with internal resonances

The influence of random vibration on the design of mechanical components has been restricted to the linear theory of small oscillations. However, this theory is inadequate and fails to predict the complex response characteristics which may be observed experimentally and can only be predicted by employing the nonlinear theory. This paper presents a brief overview of the basic nonlinear phenomena associated with nonlinear random vibration.
Biocomputers: from test tubes to live cells

Biocomputers are man-made biological networks whose goal is to probe and control biological hosts--cells and organisms--in which they operate. Their key design features, informed by computer science and engineering, are programmability, modularity and versatility. While still a work in progress, biocomputers will eventually enable disease diagnosis and treatment with single-cell precision, lead to "designer" cell functions for biotechnology, and bring about a new generation of biological measurement tools. This review describes the intellectual foundation of the "biocomputer" concept as well as surveys the state of the art in the field.
Integrative transporter-mediated release from cytoplasmic and vesicular 5-hydroxytryptamine stores in cultured neurons

The direct effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) were studied in microculture of fetal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons. Both MDMA and PCA released 5-HT with the potency of PCA > MDMA by a mechanism inhibited by fluoxetine, and inhibitor of the 5-HT transporter. The transporter-mediated release by MDMA and PCA reduced intracellular stores of 5-HT. Both MDMA and PCA inhibit MAO-A activities, which also contributes to the increase of extracellular 5-HT levels. Deprenyl (10(-7) M) increased the amount of intracellular 5-HT and potentiated the MDMA- or PCA-induced release of 5-HT. Conversely, reserpine (10(-9) M) reduced the intracellular 5-HT levels and attenuated the transporter-mediated release. In addition, MDMA- or PCA-mediated release was attenuated by nimodipine (10(-8) M), an L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist. Our results indicate that MDMA- or PCA-induced release of 5-HT occurs from the cytoplasm to the media through the 5-HT transporter, and that the release may incorporate 5-HT from the vesicular stores.
Emotional Reactivity and Exposure to Household Stress in Childhood Predict Psychological Problems in Adolescence

In recent years, research has examined the role of heightened emotional reactivity and poor regulation on maladjustment during childhood and adolescence. Although much of this research has shown a direct link between high emotional reactivity and maladjustment, there is less research on the ways in which reactivity interacts with contextual factors. Using data from the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), the current study asks how emotional reactivity in childhood, household chaos, and household income impact changes in emotional and behavioral problems between childhood and adolescence. Participants in the SECCYD were followed from birth until adolescence. Of these, 958 youth (52 % male; 80 % Caucasian, 13 % African American, 2 % Asian, and 5 % Other) who completed measures at age 15 were included in the current study. Results indicate that emotional reactivity and low household income during childhood directly predict higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. In contrast, the impact of household chaos on adolescent mental health depends on the child's emotional reactivity. Specifically, the adverse impact of household chaos on emotional problems was observed among adolescents who were highly emotionally reactive as children, but not among their less reactive counterparts. Taken together, the relationship between an individual's childhood context and temperament are important aspects in the prediction of outcomes in adolescents.
The synthesis of nanocrystalline Fe78B13Si9 by cryogenic high-energy ball milling of metglas

Abstract A nanocrystalline material was synthesized by cryogenic high-energy ball milling of Metglas Fe 78 B 13 Si 9 ribbons. The nanocrystalline structure consisted of 2–13 nm grains of α-Fe(Si) and Fe 2 B, identified by electron diffraction in TEM. In the early stages of milling, bending-induced shear bands were formed, followed by the initial stages of crystallization. As the milling proceeded, predominantly wear-like mechanisms caused further crystallization. The mechanically induced crystallization of Fe 78 B 13 Si 9 consists of both thermal and athermal mechanisms. The kinetics of crystallization were characterized by a sigmoidal transformation curve, which may be described by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami relation.
Effects of Verb and Delay on Recall of an Accident

This experiment focused on the interaction between suggestive language and delayed recall of an event. Two independent variables were the verb used to describe a vehicular accident and the lapse of...
Tug of War: Caring for Our Elders While Remaining Productive at Work

As countries around the world experience the graying of their populations, longer life expectancies mean greater possibility of illness and incapacitation. At the same time, demographic trends are altering the traditional arrangements for eldercare. Given that a high percentage of caregivers are employed outside the home, the tension between employment and caregiving responsibilities is likely to increase. However, the relationship between eldercare responsibilities and work outcomes is understudied, especially in the management literature, and the results are inconclusive. This article analyzes 31 empirical studies on the relationship between eldercare and work published in peer-reviewed academic journals since 1995. Although methodological limitations exist in the current literature, a number of noteworthy advances have been identified that have implications for future research directions and the ways in which organizations respond to the eldercare needs of their employees.
The influence of false color infrared display on training field identification

The overall success of large-scale crop inventories of agricultural regions using Landsat multispectral scanner data is highly dependent upon the labeling of training data by analyst/photointerpreters. The principal analyst tool in labeling training data is a false color infrared composite of Landsat bands 4, 5, and 7. In this paper, this color display is investigated and its influence upon classification errors is partially determined.
High-temperature limit of the confining phase.

The deconfining transition in non-Abelian gauge theory is known to occur by a condensation of Wilson lines. By expanding around an appropriate Wilson-line background, it is possible at large {ital N} to analytically continue the confining phase to arbitrarily high temperatures, reaching a weak-coupling confinement regime. This is used to study the high-temperature partition function of an SU({ital N}) electric flux tube. It is found that the partition function corresponds to that of a string theory with a number of world-sheet fields that diverges at short distance.
Integrity in student affairs organizations

Student affairs administrators need to create an environment that protects student welfare, and they need to develop the skills to deal with external and internal challenges to the integrity of higher education.
Characterization of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome at the cellular and molecular level.

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a new disease characterized by severe dysfunction of both the T cell and B cell systems, occurring in previously healthy individuals. Affected individuals may have recurrent and chronic opportunistic infections and/ or Kaposi's sarcoma or other malignancy. Analysis of the cellular and subcellular components of immunity demonstrates a profound depression in the number and function of helper/ inducer T cells bearing the OKT4 (Leu 3) differentiation antigen and a concomitant defect in the synthesis of the immuno-enhancing soluble growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL-2). Hypotheses to explain the etiology of the immunological dysfunction and implications for future therapy of AIDS are discussed.
The interpretation of droplet deposition measurements with a diffusion model

Abstract Measurements of the deposition of 50, 90 and 150 μm droplets on the wall of a 5.08 cm pipe are presented. The droplets were introduced from an orifice in the center of the pipe at approximately the same velocity as downward flowing air. The deposition rate is described by a diffusion model where the diffusion coefficient of the droplets is constant and the velocity profile is uniform. It is shown that special attention has to be paid to the formulation of the boundary condition at the wall.
Nox3 regulation by NOXO1, p47phox, and p67phox.

gp91phox (Nox2), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is regulated by subunits p47phox and p67phox. Nox1, a homolog of gp91phox, is regulated by NOXO1 and NOXA1, homologs of p47phox and p67phox, respectively. For both Nox1 and gp91phox, an organizer protein (NOXO1 or p47phox) cooperates with an activator protein (NOXA1 or p67phox) to regulate the catalytic subunit. Herein, we investigate the subunit regulation of Nox3 compared with that of other Nox enzymes. Nox3, like gp91phox, was activated by p47phox plus p67phox. Whereas gp91phox activity required the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Nox3 activity was already high without PMA, but was further stimulated ∼30% by PMA. gp91phox was also activated by NOXO1/NOXA1 and required PMA for high activity. gp91phox regulation required an intact activation domain in the activator protein, as neither p67phox(V204A) nor NOXA1(V205A) were effective. In contrast, p67phox(V204A) was effective (along with p47phox) in activating Nox3. Unexpectedly, Nox3 was strongly activated by NOXO1 in the absence of NOXA1 or p67phox. Nox3 activity was regulated by PMA only when p47phox but not NOXO1 was present, consistent with the phosphorylation-regulated autoinhibitory region in p47phox but not in NOXO1. Deletion of the autoinhibitory region from p47phox rendered this subunit highly active in the absence of PMA toward both gp91phox and Nox3, and high activity required an activator subunit. The unique regulation of Nox3 supports a model in which multiple interactions with regulatory subunits stabilize an active conformation of the catalytic subunit.
Simplicity in interim tooth-supported removable partial denture construction.

2. Finish the base of the master cast with a fine model-trimmer wheel. 3. Cut two posterior and one anterior index grooves into the master cast base (Fig. 2). After refinement, apply a thin coating of petroleum jelly to each index groove with a cotton pellet. It is not necessary to lubricate the entire base. 4. Using jaw relation records, mount the moist master cast in the articulator using fast-setting plaster. When the plaster sets, smooth and refine the mounted master cast and articulated base so that a crisp demarcation interface exists between the cast and plaster base (Fig. 3). 5. Remove the master cast and its articulated base from the articulator. Fill a standard mixing bowl with near-boiling water (minimum temperature of 180” F) to a level approximately 1 inch greater than the height of the articulated base. 6. Place the articulated base with the mounted master cast into the hot water and adjust the water level to a point 2 to 4 mm above the interface (Fig. 4). Leave the mounted master cast in the water for 10 seconds or until the cast and base separate (Fig. 5). The sudden temperature change and expansion of the base plaster causes the separation. Do not completely immerse the mounted master cast. 7. When remounting the cast, wet the entire articulated plaster base and only the base portion of the master cast. Fit the plaster base and base portion of master cast together, and allow them to dry. A perfect readaptation of the master cast and articulated base will result (Fig. 6). 8. Cut parallel horizontal grooves on the lateral surfaces to secure the master cast to the articulated base (Fig. 6, B). After the surfaces are moistened, apply a thin mix of plaster into the grooves and extended over both the cast and base (Fig. 7). Smooth and position the remounted cast and its base on the articulator (Fig. 8).
"They Still Don't Understand Why I Hate Wearing Dresses!" An Autoethnographic Rant on Dresses, Boats, and Butchness:

Using autoethnographic scenes from her lived experiences, the author argues that butchness is a discursive and performative practice in a sexist, heterosexist culture that engages female-bodied people, in particular lesbians, in the expression of ableness. The author uses the notions of dresses and boats as metaphors for requisite femininity and ableness, respectively, and argues that butchness is used as a resource to respond—personally and theoretically—to a culture that sees the female body as less competent than the male body. This article suggests that theories of gender and sexuality must be more attentive to practices of constructing self in everyday life and that they must give greater consideration to how individuals present themselves to various audiences.
Characterization of humoral and cellular immunity to rubella vaccine in four distinct cohorts

Although vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the global burden of rubella disease, there are still regional outbreaks and cases of congenital rubella syndrome. Rubella vaccination elicits a strong humoral as well as cellular response. The relationship between these two measures in response to rubella vaccine is poorly understood. We have previously reported no correlation between rubella-virus-specific cytokine secretion and IgG antibody levels after rubella vaccination. In the current study, we extend our previous work to report correlations between secreted cytokines and functional neutralizing antibodies after rubella vaccination in four distinct cohorts. There was evidence of significant differences (p < 0.05) in rubella-virus-specific humoral and cellular responses between cohorts. When investigating relationships between rubella-vaccine-specific humoral and cellular immunity, we observed a significant correlation between neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ (r s = 0.21, p = 0.0004). We also observed correlations in subjects with extreme humoral immune phenotypes and IFN-γ levels in two of the four cohorts (r s = 0.32, p = 0.01; r s = 0.36, p = 0.01, respectively). These findings indicate that there is a high level of heterogeneity in rubella-specific immune responses between study populations. We believe that the novel correlation discovered between IFN-γ and neutralizing antibody titers will give future insight into the functional mechanisms of immunity induced by rubella virus and other live viral vaccines.
Variability aware timing models at the standard cell level

Standard cell timing variations are caused by process non-idealities that are not traditionally captured within standard timing characterization tools. This paper presents two approaches to creating variability aware standard cell timing models in the presence of lithographic variations. The first approach uses circuit simulation of rectangular transistors to create delay sensitivity tables to transistor length and transistor width for each cell. The second approach utilizes lithography contours to characterize cell performance. The contour based approach is used to characterize two standard cells in the presence of active and poly layer focus exposure variations, misalignment, and layout proximity effects. The delay response to focus and exposure exhibits Bossung-like delay behavior and can be fit with a compact parameter delay model. Both approaches lead to the creation of variability aware timing models in the form of delay variability tables or compact parameter timing models. These models enable static timing analysis tools to perform critical path variability aware delay analysis using a presumed layout-dependent distribution of process parameters with little expense in runtime.
Discovery of 3-aryloxy-lactam analogs as potent androgen receptor full antagonists for treating castration resistant prostate cancer

High throughput cell-based screening led to the identification of 3-aryloxy lactams as potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonists. Refinement of these leads to improve the ADME profile and remove residual agonism led to the discovery of 12, a potent full antagonist with greater oral bioavailability. Improvements in the ADME profile were realized by designing more ligand-efficient molecules with reduced molecular weights and lower lipophilicities.
Markedly elevated plasma D-dimer and the prevalence of acute pulmonary embolus.

Objective. To evaluate if increasingly elevated levels of plasma Ddimerare associated with higher prevalence of acute pulmonaryembolus (PE). Patients and Methods. A retrospective study wasconducted evaluating all PE protocol CT examinations performed inlow-to-intermediate risk emergency department and hospitalized patientsduring 2007. All PE protocol CT reports were reviewed for thepresence or absence of acute PE. Th e charts of all of these subjectswere then reviewed for quantitative plasma D-dimer values, measuredin mg/ml Fibrinogen Equivalent Units, drawn within one day prior tothe CT exam. Th e prevalence of acute PE at diff erent D-dimer thresholdresults was then evaluated using D-dimer groups as follows: < 1.0mg/ml, ≥ 1.0 but < 2.0 mg/ml, ≥ 2.0 but < 4.0 mg/ml, and ≥ 4.0 mg/ml. Results. 943 PE protocol CT exams were reviewed. 410 subjectshad D-dimer values drawn before their CT exams; 30 (7.3%) of thesewere positive for acute PE. As D-dimer values became increasingly elevated,the prevalence of acute PE increased accordingly. In particular,D-dimer elevation ≥4.0 mg/ml was almost 94% specifi c for acute PEby CT criteria. Conclusion. Increased elevation of plasma D-dimer isassociated with increased prevalence of acute PE in low-to-intermediaterisk patients.
Alcohol and immune regulation. I. In vivo effects of ethanol on concanavalin A sensitive thymic lymphocyte function.

Alcohol is known to suppress the immune response, but the underlying mechanism to account for this immune suppression is still not clearly elucidated. In an attempt to clarify such mechanisms, experimental rats were fed for 50 days on a 36% ethanol, Lieber diet (LED) while control (LCD) rats were fed a similar diet supplying the same amount of calories but lacking ethanol. It was found that both LCD and LED animals grew at a liner rate (LCD: r = 0.981, LED: r = 0.961) but that LCD animals more rapidly. While thymic weights in the LED group were significantly smaller (P<0.05) than in the LCD group the ratios of thymic weight/body weight between these groups were not significantly different. To identify the effects of ethanol on immune response, thymic (Th) or splenic (S) cells were prepared and incubated in culture with the mitogen, Con A and rat serum prepared from LCD or LED groups. It was found that lymphocytes prepared from thymus of LED animals appeared to be depressed in mitogen-driven blastogenic transformation when incubated in LCD serum but not LED serum. Furthermore, lymphocytes prepared from the spleen of LED animals appeared to be depressed in mitogen driven blastogenic transformation when incubated in LED serum but not LCD serum. Since lymphocytes of the thymus and spleen are undergoing maturation and replication this implies that ethanol may alter these processes.
Trend Analysis the Easy Way

When sample sizes and/or X intervals are unequal, the analysis of variance computations for trend analysis become quite complicated. This is because the usual simplicity of analysis of variance alg...
A near-real time nonlinear state estimation approach with application to initialization of navigation systems

The performance of any linearization based estimation algorithm like the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) relies heavily on the accuracy of the nominal trajectory about which the system is linearized. When the linearization assumption does not hold, such an algorithm behaves in an unpredictable fashion and metrics of estimation error (i.e. state covariance) are invalid. This paper presents methods to identify in real-time those parts of the state vector whose uncertainties cause significant deviations from the linearized model and proposes a near-real time approach to address the issue. One important class of applications is initialization of navigation systems; therefore, as an example the paper applies the results of the theory to a simplified 7 state, two dimensional GPS aided INS. The near-real time approach is demonstrated in simulation.
Stochastic programming for energy planning in microgrids with renewables

Energy management for a microgrid featuring distributed generation from conventional and renewable energy sources and adjustable loads is the theme of this paper. The microgrid is connected to the main grid, thus enabling energy import from and export to the main grid. A two-stage stochastic programming formulation is developed, where first-stage decisions are the conventional generation schedules and adjustable load set points, while second-stage decisions include energy transactions with the main grid as well as load adjustments made in real time. The two-stage problem is reformulated as an equivalent linear program. Simulated tests demonstrate the interplay between the various energy management decisions.
Experimental investigation of certain aspects of upward vertical bubble and slug flows

The paper describes an installation, and measurements performed with its aid, in which it was possible to observe bubble flows as well as slug flows. Measurements and observations were carried out in vertical upward flow of water, with air injected into it, flowing through a plexiglass tube of 20 mm i.d. and 1500 mm long. The purpose of the investigation was to identify the parameters and influences which determine the observed flow pattern. The results show that there exists a range of values of the superficial velocity ULS and UGS in which it is possible to observe both flow patterns depending on the method of air injection employed. The transition zone bubble-slug shows reasonable agreement with the data of Taitel et al., whereas that for the slug-froth transition is close to the data of Oshinowa and Charles, and Griffith and Wallis. The distributions of bubble diameters and plug and Taylor-bubble dimensions are acceptably Gaussian. It is surmised that considerable discrepancies in the delineation of flow-regime boundaries which exist between different investigators are due to hitherto unidentified influences and parameters.
Hong Kong: Migrant lives, landscapes, and journeys

by Caroline Knowles and Douglas Harper Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009, 270 pages ISBN: 978-0-226-44856-5 Reviewed by Jon Wagner, University of California, Davis Hong Kong is a richly de...