cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Directional Perception of Force in a Virtual Reality Environment

Force feedback during teleoperation and in Virtual Reality (VR) environments is becoming increasingly common. We are interested in understanding the impact of motion on the directional accuracy of force perception, as observed in a VR environment. We used a custom force-feedback system that pulled a handle with a force of 1.87N at various angles in front of N=14 subjects. The virtual environment showed a curved wall, which corresponded to the locations from which the force could physically originate. Subjects selected where they perceived the force to originate from with a virtual laser pointer and by orienting their head. We compared several conditions: the subject held the handle still; the subject moved the handle back and forth toward the center of the wall; the subject moved the handle back and forth across their body; and the subject moved the handle back and forth toward where they thought the force was originating. Subjects were able to localize the force with an average accuracy of 1–10 degrees depending on the force’s location, which is better than previous studies. All conditions had similar accuracies. Subjects had the best precision when they followed the force as compared to either of the other conditions with movement. As a secondary objective, we compared the accuracy of a hand-held controller and the head-mounted display (HMD); the HMD was 2.4 degrees more precise than the hand-held controller.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Decenoic Acid Modified Chitosan for Infection Prevention and Tissue Engineering.

Chitosan nanofiber membranes are recognized as functional antimicrobial materials, as they can effectively provide a barrier that guides tissue growth and supports healing. Methods to stabilize nanofibers in aqueous solutions include acylation with fatty acids. Modification with fatty acids that also have antimicrobial and biofilm-resistant properties may be particularly beneficial in tissue regeneration applications. This study investigated the ability to customize the fatty acid attachment by acyl chlorides to include antimicrobial 2-decenoic acid. Synthesis of 2-decenoyl chloride was followed by acylation of electrospun chitosan membranes in pyridine. Physicochemical properties were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ability of membranes to resist biofilm formation by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was evaluated by direct inoculation. Cytocompatibility was evaluated by adding membranes to cultures of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Acylation with chlorides stabilized nanofibers in aqueous media without significant swelling of fibers and increased hydrophobicity of the membranes. Acyl-modified membranes reduced both S. aureus and P.aeruginosa bacterial biofilm formation on membrane while also supporting fibroblast growth. Acylated chitosan membranes may be useful as wound dressings, guided regeneration scaffolds, local drug delivery, or filtration.
Wole Soyinka: Politics, Poetics, and Postcolonialism

Biodun Jeyifo examines the connections between the innovative and influential writings of Wole Soyinka and his radical political activism. Jeyifo carries out detailed analyses of Soyinka's most ambitious works, relating them to the controversies generated by Soyinka's use of literature and theatre for radical political purposes. He gives a fascinating account of the profound but paradoxical affinities and misgivings Soyinka has felt about the significance of the avant-garde movements of the twentieth century. Jeyifo also explores Soyinka's works with regard to the impact on his artistic sensibilities of the pervasiveness of representational ambiguity and linguistic exuberance in Yoruba culture. The analyses and evaluations of this study are presented in the context of Soyinka's sustained engagement with the violence of collective experience in post-independence, postcolonial Africa and the developing world. No existing study of Soyinka's works and career has attempted such a systematic investigation of their complex relationship to politics.
An information infrastructure for government regulation analysis and compliance assistance

The complexity and diversity of government regulations make understanding the regulations a non-trivial task. One of the issues is the existence of multiple sources of regulations and interpretive guides; the latter are often independent of governing bodies. In this work, we describe a research prototype system that combines text mining and knowledge management techniques to help better manage, understand and analyze regulatory documents. This regulatory information infrastructure includes three integral parts: a document repository, a tool for similarity analysis and a compliance assistance system. This paper first presents the development of a legal corpus with multiple sources of regulatory documents consolidated into a unified format. A shallow parser is developed to consolidate different regulations into a unified XML format, which is well suited for handling semi-structured data such as legal documents. Important features, such as concepts, measurements, definitions and so on, are extracted and incorporated into the corpus by using handcrafted rules and text mining tools. A regulation compliance assistance system is introduced next, where First Order Predicate Calculus (FOPC) logic sentences are implemented to help users to perform compliance check in a question and answer session. Finally, a similarity analysis for regulations is developed, where Information Retrieval (IR) and structural matching techniques are used to identify related provisions among regulations.
CO J=3-2 Observations of M51

J=3-2 spectral lines of 12C160 have been observed in the inner part of M51. The typical peak line temperature is very similar to that seen by Rydbeck, et al. (1985) for the J=1-0 spectral line. This implies that the gas is warm (TK ≥ 15K) so long as the calibration of the data sets is reliable to about 30%. In two places we may have detected individual molecular cloud complexes. The radial decline of the integrated J=3-2 line strength is very similar to that of the J=1-0 line which suggests the absence of any large radial gradient in the excitation.
Has the smart bomb been defused

Most cancer therapies aim to destroy tumour cells, leaving the surrounding normal cells untouched. This is the basis of one treatment, involving a mutated adenovirus that is thought to destroy only those cells that lack the tumour-suppressor protein p53. But new research indicates that the adenovirus may actually require p53 to replicate, meaning that it would instead target healthy cells.
Life history theory

Life history theory provides a way of viewing life course traits such as length of gestation, duration of lactation, onset of puberty, and developmental state at birth through the lens of evolution. Given that energy for growing and reproducing is available in limited supply, life history theory argues that natural selection has shaped life history traits in ways that increase reproductive success. It helps predict what will be traded for what, under certain environmental conditions, including social and cultural circumstances, and enhances understanding of the human tradeoff of quality of offspring over quantity. Keywords: evolutionary tradeoffs; life history traits; reproduction
Dynamic interpretation of verb phrase ellipsis

L'A. examine le phenomene d'ellipse du syntagme verbal dans une perspective dynamique. En se concentrant sur les cas d'ellipse ou l'identite du referent reste vague, comme dans Susan loves her cat. Jane does too, il montre qu'il se produit un changement de centre dans le discours intervenant entre l'antecedent et le site de l'ellipse, et que cette conception de l'identite vague (sloppy identity) reflete un principe general dans la resolution des expressions anaphoriques dans le discours : l'expression retrouvee est toujours interpretee par rapport a son contexte actuel
Anti-proliferative effects of γ-tocotrienol are associated with suppression of c-Myc expression in mammary tumour cells.

Objectives Aberrant c-Myc activity plays a central role in cancer transformation. γ-tocotrienol is a member of the vitamin E family that displays potent anti-cancer activity. Here, studies were conducted to determine the role of c-Myc in mediating anti-proliferative effects of γ-tocotrienol in mammary cancer cells. Materials and methods Treatment effects on mouse +SA and human MCF-7 mammary cancer cell proliferation were determined by MTT assay and Ki-67 staining. Protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR were used to characterize cellular c-Myc and MYC levels respectively. Results Anti-proliferative effects of γ-tocotrienol were associated with reduction in total c-Myc and phosphorylated-c-Myc-serine 62, and increase in phosphorylated-c-Myc-threonine 58 levels. γ-tocotrienol also reduced PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/MEK/Erk mitogenic signalling, cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 levels, and increased p27 levels. However, γ-tocotrienol had no effect on MYC mRNA levels. γ-tocotrienol also increased levels of FBW7 (E3 ligase that initiates ubiquitination of c-Myc), but had no effect on serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A or isomerase Pin 1 levels. Combined treatment with GSK3α/β inhibitor LiCl or proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocked γ-tocotrienol-induced reductions in c-Myc. Conclusions These findings indicate that anti-proliferative effects of γ-tocotrienol are associated with reduction in c-Myc that results from increase in GSK-3α/β-dependent ubiquitination and degradation, rather than from reduction in c-Myc synthesis in +SA and MCF-7 mammary cancer cells.
A avaliação do paciente idoso em Medicina Geral e Familiar: desafios e oportunidades

Aging of the population has implications for society in general and health systems in particular. The enhancement of function and autonomy in old age should guide the provision of health care to this group. Concealment of complaints, which may lead the doctor to miss important health problems, is one of the problems of clinical evaluation in older patients. A structured assessment of health needs may contribute to a better identification of problems linked to functional deterioration. Studies conducted in many countries have identified five key areas for assessment of the needs of the elderly in primary care: vision and hearing, mobility and falls, incontinence, memory, and emotional distress. A systematic evaluation of these areas may contribute to the early detection of risk factors that lead to functional decline, affecting the quality of life of these patients. Feasibility studies of routine needs assessment of the elderly in general practice are warranted.
Task scheduling on multicores under energy and power constraints

Task scheduling on multicore systems for optimized power and energy consumption is essential as the trend of utilizing multiple processors is ever increasing. Reducing power and energy consumption indirectly reduces cores temperatures and aids in eliminating the hot spots to ensure overall thermal safety. In this paper, we propose an optimal ILP solution to task scheduling of different applications on a multicore system with power and energy constraints. Results on different benchmarks show the effectiveness of our techniques.
Photographic Techniques in Jet Propulsion Studies

Motion picture photography has become a standard tool for obtaining permanent records of certain phases of jet engine firings. Types of motion picture cameras generally used are discussed here. They have been classified into five categories based on frame frequency or linear film speed. Representative commercially available cameras are reviewed with regard to frame frequency, motor drive, shutter type, special features, etc. Methods generally used to modify test engines to make them amenable to photographic techniques are described. Systems for correlating events with photographs and comments on interpretation of results are presented briefly. A bibliography is appended for the investigator who desires more extensive details.
Compact BJT-Based Thermal Sensor for Processor Applications in a 14 nm tri-Gate CMOS Process

Compact thermal sensors ( 50 kS/sec, consumes 1.1 mW with a resolution of 0.5 °C, and has a resolution FOM of 5.7 nJ * C 2 . It is very close to the present BJT sensor state-of-the-art in its size, while being much faster and having a much better FOM than any of the compact BJT sensors.
Implementation is Semantic Interpretation

properties. It is an open question what the appropriate "modality" is for sets of mental properties and sets of physical properties. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.103 on Thu, 20 Oct 2016 04:09:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms IMPLEMENTATION IS SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION 125 But there is a problem in assimilating implementation to superve nience: Implementation isn't a relation between sets of properties. It's a relation between "physical" things and Abstractions?a relation between two (intensionally) different kinds of things?whereas supervenience is a relation between sets of properties. Let A be an Abstraction and / be its im plementation in some medium. Then it is the implementing medium that has both A-properties and /-properties.60 So A-properties could supervene on /-properties. So, possibly, A is implemented by / if and only if A-prop erties supervene on /-properties. Indeed, Kim sees supervenience as a very general version of the family of concepts that includes reducibility, etc.61 So perhaps it is the base relation in terms of which the others can be defined? I am uncomfortable with this, primarily because I see the gener alized semantic relation as the fundamental one, and I take implementation to be a specific case of a semantic relation. So, too, for supervenience, which is, as we saw, a correlation relation. A problem with supervenience as defined above is that there can be two "physically indistinguishable worlds" that are not also "psychologi cally indistinguishable."62 Kim offers "strong supervenience" as a remedy: A strongly supervenes on just in case necessarily for each and each property F in A, if has F, then there exists a property G in such that has G, and necessarily if any y has G it has F.63 and he points out that "Both relations are transitive, reflexive, but neither symmetric nor asymmetric."64 Transitivity is good; it's needed to account for levels of virtual machines, each of which can be said to supervene on, or be implemented by, a lower-level machine. Reflexivity, though, does not seem to be a property that we would want implementation to have. This means that every implementation must have implementation-dependent side-effects, since every implementation of an Abstraction will contribute something over and above what the Abstraction specifies. If supervenience is non-symmetric, then it's possible for two proper ties to supervene on each other. Could each be an implementation of the other? That seems counterintuitive. Surely, two things can implement each other?or be semantic interpretations of each other?but not at the same time. There is a directionality, a point of view of the third party that uses one domain as a semantic interpretation or implementation of the other? This content downloaded from 207.46.13.103 on Thu, 20 Oct 2016 04:09:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 126 WILLIAM J. RAPAPORT recall the discussions of the asymmetry of antecedent understanding.65 So it looks as if supervenience is not implementation.
Whole Brain and Brain Regional Coexpression Network Interactions Associated with Predisposition to Alcohol Consumption

To identify brain transcriptional networks that may predispose an animal to consume alcohol, we used weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Candidate coexpression modules are those with an eigengene expression level that correlates significantly with the level of alcohol consumption across a panel of BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains, and that share a genomic region that regulates the module transcript expression levels (mQTL) with a genomic region that regulates alcohol consumption (bQTL). To address a controversy regarding utility of gene expression profiles from whole brain, vs specific brain regions, as indicators of the relationship of gene expression to phenotype, we compared candidate coexpression modules from whole brain gene expression data (gathered with Affymetrix 430 v2 arrays in the Colorado laboratories) and from gene expression data from 6 brain regions (nucleus accumbens (NA); prefrontal cortex (PFC); ventral tegmental area (VTA); striatum (ST); hippocampus (HP); cerebellum (CB)) available from GeneNetwork. The candidate modules were used to construct candidate eigengene networks across brain regions, resulting in three “meta-modules”, composed of candidate modules from two or more brain regions (NA, PFC, ST, VTA) and whole brain. To mitigate the potential influence of chromosomal location of transcripts and cis-eQTLs in linkage disequilibrium, we calculated a semi-partial correlation of the transcripts in the meta-modules with alcohol consumption conditional on the transcripts' cis-eQTLs. The function of transcripts that retained the correlation with the phenotype after correction for the strong genetic influence, implicates processes of protein metabolism in the ER and Golgi as influencing susceptibility to variation in alcohol consumption. Integration of these data with human GWAS provides further information on the function of polymorphisms associated with alcohol-related traits.
Speech results of cleft palate surgery: two methods of assessment.

Abstract After 10 years' work in the area of cleft palate, we decided to assess the acceptability of the speech of the children concerned. To ensure objectivity, untrained listeners, who were not aware that they were listening to children with repaired cleft palate, were asked to evaluate the child's spontaneous speech by comparing it with the speech of three of that child's peers. The results suggested that the child spoke less acceptably than his peers. As our aim was to compare the child with his peers, a rank ordering was selected as a means of evaluation rather than absolute judgements, i.e. a rating scale. The tape recordings of the cleft repaired children were also assessed by a speech pathologist experienced in the management of these children. The results of this assessment were comparable with results obtained overseas. In the light of our findings, we suggest that peer group comparison by untrained "nai¨ve" listeners may be a useful adjunct to the traditional assessment by the speech pathologist.
Coastal-ocean processes and their influence on the oil spilled off San Francisco by the M/V Puerto Rican

Abstract The oil tanker M/V Puerto Rican exploded on 31 October 1984 and later broke apart to produce a major oil spill in the coastal waters off San Francisco, California, USA. Oil from this spill initially moved to the SSW until 5 November, when it abruptly reversed direction and began moving rapidly to the north and then to the NNW during the following week. The oceanic processes that most likely contributed to the displacement of the oil spilled by the Puerto Rican are examined within the framework of a simple, empirical-hindcasting model. A large-scale flow component, wind drift, and tidal currents are included in the model. Wind drift, inferred by using a simple linear formulation, was the single most important factor in determining the over-all displacement of the oil. Residuals from the model, however, indicate that the winds alone could not fully account for the sudden and dramatic reversal in oil movement that occurred on 5 November 1984. This reversal was surge-like and coincided with an increase in sea level along the central California coast. Finally, the close agreement between the local and advective changes in sea-surface temperature in the Gulf of the Farallones at the time of the Puerto Rican oil spill indicate, although not conclusively, that this reversal could have been related to the onset of the Davidson Current or other larger-scale flow phenomena.
Computationally Efficient Statistical Differential Equation Modeling Using Homogenization

Statistical models using partial differential equations (PDEs) to describe dynamically evolving natural systems are appearing in the scientific literature with some regularity in recent years. Often such studies seek to characterize the dynamics of temporal or spatio-temporal phenomena such as invasive species, consumer-resource interactions, community evolution, and resource selection. Specifically, in the spatial setting, data are often available at varying spatial and temporal scales. Additionally, the necessary numerical integration of a PDE may be computationally infeasible over the spatial support of interest. We present an approach to impose computationally advantageous changes of support in statistical implementations of PDE models and demonstrate its utility through simulation using a form of PDE known as “ecological diffusion.” We also apply a statistical ecological diffusion model to a data set involving the spread of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in Idaho, USA.
Acral subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: an unusual variant.

19. Green T, Grant J, Pye R, et al. Multiple primary cutaneous plasmacytomas. Arch Dermatol1992;128:962-5. 20. Dimopoulos MA, Moulopoulos A, Delasalle K, et al. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1992;6:359-69. 21. Bataille R. Localized plasmacytomas. Clin Haematol 1982;11:113-22. 22. Meis JM, Butler JI, Osborne EM, et al. Solitary plasmacytomas of bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 1987;59:1475-85. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology May 1994
Postlicensure surveillance for pre-specified adverse events following the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children

Although no increased risk was detected for serious adverse events in the prelicensure trials for the 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine, Prevnar 13(®) (PCV13), continued monitoring of rare but serious adverse events is necessary. A surveillance system using cohort study design was set up to monitor safety of PCV13 immediately after it was included in the childhood immunization program in the United States. The exposed population included children of 1 month to 2 years old who received PCV13 from April, 2010 to January, 2012 from the eight managed care organizations participating in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project in the United States. The historical unexposed population was children of the same age who received the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevnar 7(®) (PCV7) in 2007 (or 2005 depending on the outcome of interest) to 2009. The risk of pre-specified adverse events in the risk window following PCV13 was repeatedly compared to that in the historical comparison group. The number of doses included in the study was 599,229. No increased risk was found for febrile seizures, urticaria or angioneurotic edema, asthma, thrombocytopenia, or anaphylaxis. An increased risk for encephalopathy was not confirmed following the medical record review. The relative risk for Kawasaki disease in 0-28 days following vaccination was 1.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.79-4.86), comparing PCV13 to PCV7. Comparing to PCV7 vaccine, we identified no significant increased risk of pre-specified adverse events in the Vaccine Safety Datalink study cohort. The possible association between PCV13 and Kawasaki disease may deserve further investigation.
Franz Boas Out of the Ivory Tower

Although the idea that Franz Boas was a public intellectual is widely embraced, there is nothing written that specifically addresses the way he initially got pushed, pulled, or better yet, dragged into the public debates on race, racism, nationalism, and war – the issues for which he used anthropology in public arenas. In this article, I seek to accomplish three tasks: first, to highlight how Franz Boas and his work got pulled into the public arena; second, to assess the impact of Boas’ work as a public intellectual; and finally, to discuss the ways Boas’ writing and research a century ago is being deployed, appropriated, and used in today’s public arenas.
Robust ultrasonic damage detection under complex environmental conditions using singular value decomposition

Guided wave ultrasonics is an attractive monitoring technique for damage diagnosis in large-scale plate and pipe structures. Damage can be detected by comparing incoming records with baseline records collected on intact structure. However, during long-term monitoring, environmental and operational conditions often vary significantly and produce large changes in the ultrasonic signals, thereby challenging the baseline comparison based damage detection. Researchers developed temperature compensation methods to eliminate the effects of temperature variation, but they have limitations in practical implementations. In this paper, we develop a robust damage detection method based on singular value decomposition (SVD). We show that the orthogonality of singular vectors ensures that the effect of damage and that of environmental and operational variations are separated into different singular vectors. We report on our field ultrasonic monitoring of a 273.05 mm outer diameter pipe segment, which belongs to a hot water piping system in continuous operation. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method on experimental pitch-catch records collected during seven months. We show that our method accurately detects the presence of a mass scatterer, and is robust to the environmental and operational variations exhibited in the practical system.
International Years of the Quiet Sun, 1964-65

The development of the program for scientific investigations during the international years of the quiet sun is outlined. Programs for the investigation of the atmosphere, geomagnetism, aurora, airglow, ionosphere, solar activity, cosmic rays, and geomagnetically trapped particles are briefly discussed. (C.E.S.)
The Use of Thin‐Layer Electroanalysis in the Study of the Chemisorption and Anodic Oxidation of Aromatic Molecules at Smooth Polycrystalline Palladium

Thin-layer electroanalytical chemistry has been used in the study of the chemisorption and anodic oxidation of hydroquinone and benzoquinone at smooth polycrystalline palladium electrode surfaces in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. The results were reminiscent of those obtained previously on smooth polycrystalline platinum: i) At low aqueous-solution concentrations, the diphenol is oxidatively chemisorbed to form surface-coordinated benzoquinone oriented parallel to the surface. ii) At higher concentrations, the oxidative chemisorption occurs via CH activation to yield an edge-oriented diphenolic species. iii) Chemisorption from benzoquinone solutions leads to species identical to those from hydroquinone solutions. iv) The extent of anodic oxidation of the chemisorbed organic depends upon the initial adsorbed-molecule orientation: the flat-adsorbed species are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide, whereas oxidation of the edge-chemisorbed species yields other (unidentified) products that are chemisorbed upon regeneration of the oxide-free surface.
New perspectives on eighteen-degree water formation in the North Atlantic

In this report, eighteen-degree water (EDW) formation will be discussed, with emphasis on advances in understanding emerging within the past decade. In particular, a recently completed field study of EDW (CLIMODE) is suggesting that EDW formation within a given winter can have at least two different dominant physics and distinct locations: one type formed in the northern Sargasso Sea, largely away from the strong flows of the Gulf Stream where 1D physics may apply, and a second type formed along the southern flank of the Gulf Stream, in a region where the background vorticity of the flow and cross-frontal mixing play key roles in the convective formation process.
Chemiluminescent reactions of Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)31+,3+ and Mo6Cl141−,3−

Abstract A number of new chemiluminescent reactions are reported. These include the reaction of Mo 6 Cl 14 1- and Mo 6 Cl 14 3- with solvent acetonitrile, of the latter species with Ru(bipyr) 3 3+ (bipyr=2,2′-bipyridine) and of Ru(bipyr) 3 + and Ru(bipyr) 3 3+ with solvent acetonitrile and with various oxidants and reductants. Approximate chemiluminescence yields and kinetics are also reported for the reduction of acidic aqueous solutions of Ru(bipyr) 3 3+ by luminol, SnCl 2 , SO 3 2- , H 2 O 2 , ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, N 3 - , ethanol, Pt(CN) 4 2- , Fe(CN) 6 4- and W(CN) 8 4- .
Abstract A61: Filamin A interacting protein 1-like inhibits WNT signaling and MMP expression to suppress ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis

Identifying key mediators of cancer invasion and metastasis is crucial to the development of new and more effective therapies. We previously identified Filamin A interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L) as an important mediator of cell migration and invasion. FILIP1L expression was inversely correlated with the invasive potential of ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian cancer specimens. In addition, it was shown that intraperitoneal delivery of the FILIP1L gene resulted in inhibition of metastatic ovarian cancer spread into the peritoneum and intra-abdominal organs. Although these observations demonstrate that FILIP1L inhibits metastasis, it is not clear which step(s) of metastasis is inhibited by FILIP1L. To this end, in our present study we chose an orthotopic ovarian cancer model in mice where cancer cells metastasize to distant organs such as lungs which lung metastasis can occur through vessels, not by exfoliation and peritoneal spread. In addition, FILIP1L expression was controlled by a doxycycline-inducible expression system which enabled us to determine the direct effect of FILIP1L expression in vivo. Using this model, we observed that expression of FILIP1L in ovarian cancer cells inhibited spontaneous lung metastasis. Experimental lung metastases (established via tail vein injection of cancer cells) as well as the extravasation step of metastasis were not inhibited by FILIP1L, suggesting that FILIP1L inhibits the earlier steps of metastasis such as invasion and intravasation. FILIP1L inhibited matrix metallo¬proteinase (MMP)-dependent invasion in vivo. MMP3, -7 and -9 were transcriptionally down-regulated, and MMP9 protein expression and activity were inhibited in FILIP1L-expressing tumors. Furthermore, our studies suggest that FILIP1L regulates invasion and metastasis by inhibiting components of the WNT signaling pathway. FILIP1L expression reduced the induction of WNT target genes such as MMP3, -7 and -9, and β-catenin-directed transcriptional activity, suggesting inhibition of the canonical WNT pathway. Nuclear β-catenin, an indicator of an active canonical WNT pathway, was reduced in FILIP1L-expressing tumors. We conclude that FILIP1L reduces β-catenin levels, which leads to the transcriptional down-regulation of WNT target genes such as MMPs, resulting in inhibition of metastasis. Thus, modulation of FILIP1L expression has the potential to be a target for cancer therapy. Citation Format: Mijung Kwon, Soo Jin Lee, Yarong Wang, Yevangelina Ryvak, Alex Luna, Srilakshmi Reddy, Asha Adem, Brian Beaty, John Condeelis, Steven Libutti. Filamin A interacting protein 1-like inhibits WNT signaling and MMP expression to suppress ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A61.
Rapid method for quantifying the extent of methionine oxidation in intact calmodulin

We have developed a method for rapidly quantifying the extent to which the functionally important Met144 and Met145 residues near the C-terminus of calmodulin (CaM) are converted to the corresponding sulfoxides, Met(O). The method utilizes a whole protein collision-induced dissociation (CID) approach on an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. Using standards of CaM oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or peroxynitrite (ONOO−), we demonstrated that CID fragmentation of the protein ions resulted in a series of C-terminal singly charged y1–y15 ions. Fragments larger than y4 exhibited mass shifts of +16 or +32 Da, corresponding to oxidation of one or two methionines, respectively. To assess the extent of oxidative modification for Met144 and Met145 to Met(O), we averaged the ratio of intensities for yn, yn + 16, and yn + 32 ions, where n = 6–9. By alternating MS and CID scans at low and high collision energies, this technique allowed us to rapidly determine both the distribution of intact CaM oxiforms and the extent of oxidative modification in the C-terminal region of the protein in a single run. We have applied the method to studies of the repair of fully oxidized CaM by methionine sulfoxide reductases (MsrA and MsrB), which normally function in concert to reduce the S and R stereoisomers of methionine sulfoxide. We found that repair of Met(O)144 and Met(O)145 did not go to completion, but was more efficient than average Met repair. Absence of complete repair is consistent with previous studies showing that accumulation of methionine sulfoxide in CaM can occur during aging (Gao, J.; Yin, D.; Yao, Y.; Williams, T. D.; Squier, T. C. Biochemistry1998, 37, 9536–9548).
Dewey's philosophy and the experience of working: Labor, tools and language

Although Richard Rorty has done much to renew interest in the philosophy of John Dewey, he nonetheless rejects two of the most important components of Dewey's philosophy, that is, his metaphysics and epistemology. Following George Santayana, Rorty accuses Dewey of trying to serve Locke and Hegel, an impossibility as Rorty rightly sees it. Rorty (1982) says that Dewey should have been “Hegelian all the way” (p. 85). By reconstructing a bit of Hegel's early philosophy of work, and comparing it to Dewey's metaphysics and epistemology we can see that Dewey was indeed “Hegelian all the way” and that Rorty has constructed a false dilemma. We also gain some interesting insight into Dewey's philosophy by viewing it in terms of labor, tools and language.
Cooperative debugging with five hundred million test cases

The resources available for testing and verifying software are always limited, and through sheer numbers an application's user community will uncover many flaws not caught during development. The Cooperative Bug Isolation Project (CBI) marshals large user communities into a massive distributed debugging army to help programmers find and fix problems that appear after deployment. Dynamic instrumentation based on sparse random sampling provides our raw data; statistical machine learning techniques mine this data for critical bug predictors; static program analysis places bug predictors back in context of the program under study. We discuss CBI's dynamic, statistical, and static views of postdeployment debugging and show how these three different approaches join together to help improve software quality in an imperfect world.
SU‐E‐T‐133: A Method to Improve the Accuracy of Optical‐CT 3D Dosimetry by Correcting for Stray Light

Purpose: Radiochromic plastics have recently emerged which can yield 3D dose information over clinical volumes in high resolution. These dosimeters require a fast, accurate read‐out, and broad beam optical‐Computed‐Tomography (optical‐CT) systems have shown promise, but can be sensitive to stray light artifacts. Here we present and evaluate a new method to correct for stray light artifacts in optical‐CT by deconvolving a measured, spatially invariant, point spread function (PSF). Methods: The correction was developed for the DLOS telecentric scanner (Duke Large field of view Optical‐CT Scanner). The PSF was constructed from a series of varying sized apertureimages. The spatial invariance and robustness of the PSF is key to implementation, and was thoroughly investigated, including with/without the presence of an irradiated/unirradiated dosimeter, and across the field of view. The efficacy of the correction was evaluated both on individual projection images, containing known OD variations, and onknown 3D dose distributions. Results: The dominant source of stray light in this telecentric system was determined to originate in the imaging lens. Corrections of up to 3% required for heavily dosed dosimeters. Slight variations in PSF were observed under wide conditions, but this corresponded to small uncertainty in the correction (<1%). Accounting for stray light extended the dynamic range of the system from ∼30dB to ∼60dB giving significantly better potential for CNR. Conclusions: The method is shown to accurately account for stray light artifacts. The telecentric nature of the DLOS system brings two major advantages over non‐telecentric systems. First, the general amount of stray light in the projections is much less, due to removal through the telecentric imaging lens. Second, the remaining stray light appears to behave such that the PSF is spatially invariant and robust under a variety of conditions. The latter fact enables elegant accurate stray light correction using deconvolution.
A phase II evaluation of belinostat and carboplatin in the treatment of recurrent or persistent platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma: A gynecologic oncology group study

Background Patients with recurrent ovarian cancer have limited options, especially in the context of relapse less than six months from primary platinum-based therapy. This Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, belinostat, in combination with carboplatin in women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
Lubricant basestocks from vegetable oils

Abstract Compared to the lubricants made of petroleum, vegetable-based lubricants are much more biodegradable but inferior in many other technical characteristics. The basestock typically contributes to more than 80% of lubricant and must meet performance criteria in such aspects as cleanliness, viscometric properties, volatility, oxidative and hydrolytic stability, deposit forming tendencies, solvency, miscibility or compatibility with system elastomers and other. For vegetable-based lubricants, oxidative stability and low temperature problems are considered the most critical. Thin film oxidation test was used to compare oxidative stabilities. Vegetable oils appear an order of magnitude less stable than mineral oils or synthetic biodegradable basestocks, such as isoalkyl adipates or poly alphaolefins. Low temperature performance of vegetable oils, namely pour points and cold storage, was also problematic. These problems can only partially be relieved by lubricant additives, thus vegetable oils have to be modified chemically to eliminate sites susceptible to oxidation and to disrupt formation of crystals at low temperatures.
Phonon-coupling enhanced absorption of alloyed amorphous silicon for solar photovoltaics

Using the observed temperature dependence of $a\text{-Si}:\text{H}$ photon absorption spectrum and the weak-phonon interaction second-order transition theory, phonon-coupling enhanced photon absorption is predicted for $a\text{-Si-Ge}$ and $a\text{-Si-Sn}$ alloys. The ab initio calculated electron and phonon properties of the alloyed amorphous phase show minimally altered electronic states and significant redshifted phonon energies. This phonon shift enhances the optical phonon-coupled photon absorption resulting in increased current generation near the optical band edge. We find that this enhancement favors low-energy optical-phonon modes, thus making the soft-bond forming Sn the choice alloying element.
Development and validation of school-based asthma and allergy screening instruments for parents and students.

Background The increasing morbidity attributable to asthma among school-aged children suggests the potential utility of school-based asthma screening programs. Objective We report our efforts to develop and validate culturally sensitive and clinically useful screening questionnaires (parent and child versions) for asthma and allergies among urban US school children. Methods Instrument development was accomplished through literature review, expert medical and child developmental input, focus group feedback, and a rigorous trial of the instruments in a public school setting. Questionnaires were distributed to 2,800 children and their families in an urban public school system (grades kindergarten through 6). Validity was evaluated by blinded comparison of results against a standardized clinical evaluation in 107 children, with final designations determined by an expert panel. Results Questionnaires pertaining to 2,083 children were returned (participation rate of 74%). A moderate level of agreement was observed between parent and student questionnaire responses ( r values=0.36 to 0.50; P values Conclusions Administration of a school-based questionnaire is feasible, with a high response rate and excellent internal consistency. A high sensitivity and acceptable specificity was achieved by using one to two questions for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. Among the children in grades 2 or above, comparable levels of prediction could be achieved with the student or parent version.
Assembly of adeno-associated virus

Abstract The assembly of the defective parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), was studied by labeling DNA and protein precursors with [3H]thymidine or [35S]methionine, respectively. Virus particles were extracted from cell lysates and characterized by banding to equilibrium in CsCl gradients and by velocity sedimentation in neutral sucrose. Radioactive pulse-chase labeling experiments showed that newly synthesized AAV proteins are rapidly assembled into empty capsids which in turn serve as precursors to stable, mature (full) particles that contain either a standard or deleted (defective-interfering) virus genome. While association of the newly synthesized progeny DNA strands with empty capsids appears to be rapid, maturation to form a stable full particle apparently is a much slower process requiring several hours. A new component, having the properties of an AAV genome associated with the empty capsid in a DNase-sensitive conformation (in contrast to the complete DNase resistance of DNA in mature particles), also exhibited pulse-chase kinetics consistent with a role as an assembly intermediate. l -Canavanine inhibited production of empty capsids and thus inhibited assembly of full particles. Pretreatment of infected cultures with hydroxyurea inhibited appearance of full particles and caused accumulation of empty capsids consistent with their precursor role. Addition of hydroxyurea immediately after a pulse label showed that maturation of AAV particles appears to occur in the absence of concomitant DNA replication. These experiments are consistent with a model for AAV assembly in which progeny DNA strands are packaged into preformed capsids.
Integrated Structural Model and Membrane Targeting Mechanism of the Human ESCRT-II Complex

ESCRT-II plays a pivotal role in receptor downregulation and multivesicular body biogenesis and is conserved from yeast to humans. The crystal structures of two human ESCRT-II complex structures have been determined at 2.6 and 2.9 A resolution, respectively. The complex has three lobes and contains one copy each of VPS22 and VPS36 and two copies of VPS25. The structure reveals a dynamic helical domain to which both the VPS22 and VPS36 subunits contribute that connects the GLUE domain to the rest of the ESCRT-II core. Hydrodynamic analysis shows that intact ESCRT-II has a compact, closed conformation. ESCRT-II binds to the ESCRT-I VPS28 C-terminal domain subunit through a helix immediately C-terminal to the VPS36-GLUE domain. ESCRT-II is targeted to endosomal membranes by the lipid-binding activities of both the Vps36 GLUE domain and the first helix of Vps22. These data provide a unifying structural and functional framework for the ESCRT-II complex.
Metacognition research and theory: Analysis and implications for instructional design

Metacognition, a construct with strong empirical and theoretical foundations, is integral to successful learning. Research on metacognition has provided convincing evidence supporting its importance in the instruction and learning processes. In this article, research on several aspects of metacognition are briefly reviewed and analyzed, examples of metacognitive strategies are provided, and implications for instructional design are described.
Experimental study of the mechanisms of brittle-to-ductile transition of cleavage fracture in Si single crystals

Abstract The micromechanisms of brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT) of cleavage fracture in Si single have been investigated using a recently developed novel experimental technique. The crack arrest tests were performed by propagating a cleavage crack with a quasi-steady state velocity against a temperature gradient. Constant K specimens with cracks on {111} and {110} cleavage planes were used. A laser imaging technique was used to measure the crack velocity. The crack arrest temperature (BDT temperature) was determined as a function of crack velocity. An etch-pitting technique was used to study the dislocation structure at or near the crack arrest front. The results indicate that high dislocation mobility and a high dislocation density are needed to arrest a running cleavage crack. Preliminary evidence has confirmed that for Si crystals, the rate-limiting mechanism for the BDT is dislocation motion rather than dislocation nucleation.
Selectivity of isomeric product formation in solid state photochlorination reactions of methylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane

Abstract Solid state photochlorination reactions of methylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane were investigated by pulsed UV laser photolysis. At 77 K, the photochemical quantum yield for a 2:1 mixture of methylcyclopentane—chlorine is 135 ± 20. The reaction products are HCl, 1-chloro-1-methylcyclopentane and 3-chloro-1-methylcyclopentane. As the chlorine concentration is decreased 3-chloro-1-methylcyclopentane and HCl become the predominant products; increasing the chlorine concentration favors 1-chloro-1-methylcyclopentane and HCl production. Photochlorination of methylcyclohexane at 77 K yields exclusively HCl and 1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane. Reaction is observed only for the conformer having the methyl substituent in the axial position. At temperatures neat 10 K, both systems are characterized by sudden bursts of reactivity (microexplosions) after exposure to a cumulative laser fluence as low as 13.2 mJ cm−2 at 337 nm. As much as 15% of the reactants are converted to products during these events, but the selectivity for formation of isomerically pure products is decreased relative to chain reactions which are initiated at higher temperatures. It is argued that the phenomenon is associated with transient heating and liquefaction of the sample.