cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Change in the Concentration of Employment in Computer Services: Spatial Estimation at the U.S. Metro County Level

This article models the concentration of computer services activity across the U.S. with factors that incorporate spatial relationships. Specifically, we enhance the standard home-area study with an analysis that allows conditions in neighboring counties to affect the concentration of employment in the home county. We use county-level data for metropolitan areas between 1990 and 1997. To measure change in employment concentration, we use the change in location quotients for SIC 737, which captures employment concentration changes caused by both the number of firms and the scale of their activity relative to the national average.After controlling for local demand for computer services, our results support the importance of the presence of a qualified labor supply, interindustry linkages, proximity to a major airport, and spatial processes in explaining changes in computer services employment concentration, finding little support for the influence of cost factors. Our enhanced model reveals interjurisdictional relationships among these metro counties that could not be captured with standard estimates by state, metropolitan statistical area (MSA), or county. Using counties within MSAs, therefore, provides more general results than case studies but still allows measurement of local interactions.
Trends and Future Directions in Educational Technology Research from a North American Perspective

Abstract Current debates about research methods in educational technology are out of place until relevant and potentially productive research questions have been identified. This article presents a...
A new and improved assay for endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase

Abstract Dansyl-Asn(GlcNAc) 2 [ 3 H](Man) 6 ∗ was prepared from Asn(GlcNAc) 2 (Man) 6 by lightly oxidizing with periodate and reducing with sodium borotritide. Following dansylation, the resulting compound was shown to be effective as a substrate for endo-β- N -acetylglucosaminidases. An assay was developed which measures the rate of release of [ 3 H](Man) 6 ∗ GlcNAc from dansyl-Asn(GlcNAc) 2 [ 3 H](Man) 6 ∗ and is based on the retention of the latter and dansyl-AsnGlcNAc by small columns of AG 1-X4 (bicarbonate). The product of the reaction, [ 3 H](Man) 6 ∗ GlcNAc, is recovered by eluting the columns with water and is quantitated in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The major advantage of this new assay is the absence of the release of radioactivity from dansyl-Asn(GlcNAc) 2 [ 3 H](Man) 6 ∗ by exoglycosidases such as α- d -mannosidase. Unlike previous assays, endo-β- N -acetylglucosaminidase activity can be measured reliably in reactions containing tissue extracts as well as purified preparations of the enzyme.
Rutherford backscattering analysis of contaminants in PET

Abstract Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) was used to understand the sorption and desorption of organic contaminants in the polymer Poly(ethylene terephthalate), or PET. Samples were exposed to a range of organics to simulate contamination of PET that can take place in the post-consumer waste stream. From RBS analysis, concentration depth profiles were shown to vary from a monolayer regime surface layer to a saturation level, depending on the contaminant. Heat treatments were also applied to contaminated polymer to simulate thermal processing steps in the recycling of PET. Heating caused a dramatic decrease in contaminants and in some cases a complete removal of contamination was achieved to the limit of RBS detectability.
Reliability and verification of natural language text on the world wide web (abstract only)

The hypothesis that information on the Web can be verified automatically, with minimal user interaction, will be tested by building and evaluating an interactive system. In this paper, verification is defined as a reasonable determination of the truth or correctness of a statement by examination, research, or comparison with similar text. The system will contain modules for reliability ranking, query processing, document retrieval, and document clustering based on agreement. The query processing and document retrieval components will use standard IR techniques. The reliability module will estimate the likelihood that a statement on the Web can be trusted using standards developed by information scientists, as well as linguistic aspects of the page and the link structure of associated web pages. The clustering module will cluster relevant documents based on whether or not they agree or disagree with the statement to be verified. Relevant references are discussed.
Patients', medical students', and physicians' perceptions of male and female physicians.

Summary.-Using data from the Bern Sex-role Inventory, this study examined the hypothesis that male and female physicians are perceived differently both by their patients and by other physicians and medical students. This hypothesis was confirmed. Not only were significant differences in profiles of male and female physicians noted, but differences were also found among the three groups surveyed. Further, some of the differences in perception of male and female physicians were related to the sex rather than the group identity of respondents. Female patients, and to some extent female medical students, tended to view women physicians most often as androgynous and feminine. Male medical students tended to view women physicians in reverse pattern, i.e., most often feminine and then androgynous. Male physicians viewed the woman physician most often as feminine, like medical students, and then as undifferentiated. Both male and female patients and .medical students tended to view the male physician most often as undifferentiated and masculine. Male physicians viewed their male colleagues most often as clearly masculine. Implications of these differences for residents' training and quality of patients' care are discussed.
In situ compatibilization of PEN/LCP blends by ultrasonic extrusion

In situ compatibilization of immiscible blends of PEN and thermotropic LCP was achieved by the ultrasonically-aided extrusion process. Ultrasonically-treated PEN underwent degradation, leading to a decrease of its viscosity. Viscosity of LCP was unaffected by ultrasonic treatment. Because of reduced viscosity ratio of PEN to LCP at high amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, larger LCP domains were observed in molding of the blends. LCP acted as a nucleating agent, promoting higher crystallinity in PEN/LCP blends. Ultrasonically-induced copolymer formation was detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the blends. Ultrasonic treatment of 90/10 PEN/LCP blends improved interfacial adhesion in fibers spun at intermediate draw down ratios (DDR), improving their ductility. The lack of improvement in the mechanical properties of fibers spun at high DDR after ultrasonic treatment was attributed to the disturbance of interfacial copolymer by high elongation stresses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Stress relaxation and medium-range order in diamond-like amorphous carbon films

In this paper, we have studied the relationship between medium-range order structures in and stress relaxation in amorphous diamond-like carbon films with fluctuation microscopy. Our preliminary results show strong correlation between stress relaxation and medium-range order. Our previous results showed that annealing films that had been through stress relaxation procedures caused great increase of medium-ranger order. In this paper, we have found that the increase of medium-range order in films that have been annealed before going through stress relaxation through removal of substrates is less pronounced than that of films that have been annealed after removal of substrates. We will discuss interpretations and implications of these results.
A reduced-order partial differential equation model for the flow in a thermosyphon

Flow in a closed-loop thermosyphon heated from below exhibits a sequence of bifurcations with increasing Grashof number. Using the Navier–Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation we have derived a model where, in the case of a slender circular loop, the first Fourier modes exactly decouple from all other Fourier modes, leaving a system of three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations that completely describes the flow in the thermosyphon. We have characterized the flow through two bifurcations, identifying stable periodic solutions for flows of Prandtl number greater than 18.5, a much lower value than predicted previously. Because of the quadratic nonlinearity in this system of equations, it is possible to find the global stability limit, and we have proved that it is identical to the first bifurcation point. The numerical study of the model equations is based on a highly accurate Fourier–Chebyshev spectral method, combined with asymptotic analysis at the various bifurcation points. Three-dimensional computations with a finite element method computational fluid dynamics code (MPSalsa), are also pursued. All three approaches are in close agreement.
Limited English proficiency as a barrier to mental health service use: a study of Latino and Asian immigrants with psychiatric disorders.

Language barriers pose problems in mental health care for foreign-born individuals in the United States. Immigrants with psychiatric disorders may be at particular risk but are currently understudied. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on mental health service use among immigrant adults with psychiatric disorders. Drawn from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), Latino and Asian immigrant adults aged 18-86 with any instrument-determined mood, anxiety, and substance use disorder (n = 372) were included in the present analysis. Results from hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that having health insurance, poor self-rated mental health, and more psychiatric disorders were independently associated with higher probability of mental health service use in the Latino group. After controlling for all background characteristics and mental health need factors, LEP significantly decreased odds of mental health service use among Latino immigrants. None of the factors including LEP predicted mental health service use among Asian immigrants, who were also the least likely to access such services. LEP was a barrier to mental health service use among Latino immigrants with psychiatric disorders. This study suggests that future approaches to interventions might be well advised to include not only enhancing the availability of bilingual service providers and interpretation services but also increasing awareness of such options for at least Latino immigrants. In addition, further investigation is needed to identify factors that can enhance access to mental health care services among Asians.
Isolation and characterization of human fetal liver cytochrome P450HLp2: a third member of the P450III gene family.

Abstract We purified from human fetal livers a form of cytochrome P450, termed HLp2, related to adult human liver cytochrome P450HLp by monitoring the purification procedures by immunoblots developed with a monoclonal antibody to HLp. The preparation of HLp2 obtained was judged to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to have an apparent monomeric molecular weight slightly greater than that of HLp, 51,500 versus 51,000. Immunoblot and Ouchterlony double-diffusion analyses indicated that HLp and HLp2 are immunochemically related. However, ferrous-CO versus ferrous difference spectra yielded different Soret maxima for HLp and HLp2 (448.5 and 449.5 nm, respectively). In addition, structural comparisons between HLp and HLp2 indicated that they were distinct isozymes. Specifically, the 28 amino acid amino-terminal sequence determined for HLp2 was found to be 79% homologous to that of HLp. In addition, peptide mapping of HLp and HLp2 by limited proteolysis with three proteases yielded similar but different patterns indicating that HLp and HLp2 are structurally distinct. These results demonstrate that HLp2 and HLp are highly related but distinct proteins and that HLp2 is a member of the steroid-inducible P450III gene family.
Improvement of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis proteome maps of the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii

Proteins of haloarchaea are remarkably unstable in low-ionic-strength solvents and tend to aggregate under standard two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis conditions, causing strong horizontal streaking. We have developed a new approach to generate 2-D maps of halophilic proteins which included washing cells with 1.5 M Tris-HCl buffer. In addition, proteins were precipitated with acetone, solubilized with urea and thiourea in the presence of the sulfobetaine detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), reduced with tributylphosphine (TBP), and separated with microrange strips of immobilized pH gradients (pH 3.9-5.1). This combination enabled the construction of highly reproducible 2-D maps of Haloferax volcanii proteins.
Comparative Assessment of Genotyping Methods for Epidemiologic Study of Burkholderia cepacia Genomovar III

We analyzed a collection of 97 well-characterized Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III isolates to evaluate multiple genomic typing systems, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), BOX-PCR fingerprinting and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. The typeability, reproducibility, and discriminatory power of these techniques were evaluated, and the results were compared to each other and to data obtained in previous studies by using multilocus restriction typing (MLRT). All methods showed excellent typeability. PFGE with SpeI was more reproducible than RAPD and BOX-PCR fingerprinting. The discriminatory power of the methods was variable, with PFGE and RAPD typing having a higher index of discrimination than BOX-PCR fingerprinting. In general, the results obtained by PFGE, BOX-PCR fingerprinting, and MLRT were in good agreement. Our data indicate that different genomic-based methods can be used to type B. cepacia genomovar III isolates depending on the situation and the epidemiologic question being addressed. PFGE and RAPD fingerprinting are best suited to addressing small-scale studies (i.e., local epidemiology), whereas BOX-PCR fingerprinting is more appropriate for large-scale studies (i.e., global epidemiology). In this regard, BOX-PCR fingerprinting can be considered a rapid and easy alternative to MLRT.
Elastic Behavior and Elastic Constants of Zinc Single Crystals

The elastic constants are determined from bending and torsion experiments on single crystal rods. It is shown that for each crystal orientation there is a definitely limited region of proportionality between an initially increasing stress and the corresponding strain. The elastic region is a minimum (and very small) for crystals of 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} orientation. Elastic hysteresis occurs for bending but not for torsion, except for previously permanently strained crystals. There is no permanent set for stresses within the elastic limit. Two slightly different grades of very pure (99.99+percent) zinc are studied. Their elastic behavior is in general alike, but the elastic constants differ appreciably. The constants found are: for Evanwall zinc, ${S}_{11}=8.08$; ${S}_{12}=1.57$; ${S}_{13}=\ensuremath{-}7.85$; ${S}_{33}=26.28$; ${S}_{44}=25.15$; for Horsehead Special zinc, ${S}_{11}=7.70$; ${S}_{12}=0.45$; ${S}_{13}=\ensuremath{-}6.39$; ${S}_{33}=27.66$; ${S}_{44}=24.40$, all times ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/dyne. The single crystal form possesses a definite and reproducible elastic behavior in contrast with the puzzling and variable results obtained for the polycrystalline and technically usable material.
First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum on Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in North America

Creeping or Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) is a perennial weed of Eurasian origin that arrived in North America as early as the 1700s (3). Spreading by seeds and rhizomes, it is now widely distributed in Canada, Alaska, and 40 other states. It is apparently absent from Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina (1). Powdery mildew is common on C. arvense in Europe, but it has never been observed in North America (4). In Europe and Asia, powdery mildew of C. arvense is caused by any one of the following fungi: Leveillula taurica, two species of Sphaerotheca, and varieties of Erysiphe cichoracearum and E. mayorii. Specimens of C. arvense infected with powdery mildew (deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections as BPI 843471) were collected in the fall of 2003 near Moscow, ID and in two areas in Oregon (the canyon of the Grande Ronde River and near the base of the Wallowa Mountains). Mycelium and cleistothecia were observed on stems and upper and lower surfaces of leaves. The mean diameter of the cleistothecia was 122 (±11.6) μm. Basally inserted, mycelioid appendages were hyaline or brown and varied considerably in length, but most were in the range of 80 to 120 μm. Asci averaged 58 (±5.5) μm × 35 (±4.1) μm in length and width, respectively. Each ascus bore two ascospores averaging 23 (±1.4) μm × 14 (±1.7) μm. Conidia averaged 30 (±3.0) μm × 14 (±0.8) μm. The specimens fit the description of E. cichoracearum DC. (2). Because the length/breadth ratio of conidia is greater than 2, the specimens could be further diagnosed as E. cichoracearum var. cichoracearum (2). Also noteworthy was the presence of the hyperparasitic Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces. ex Schlechtend. E. cichoracearum is thought to be a cosmopolitan powdery mildew of broad host range, but this concept is difficult to reconcile with the absence of mildew on North American populations of C. arvense for more than 200 years. References: (1) Anonymous. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Plants Profile for Cirsium arvense. On-line publication, 2003. (2) U. Braun. A monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews), J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart, 1987. (3) G. Cox. Alien Species in North America and Hawaii, Island Press, Washington, D.C., 1999. (4) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. On-line publication, 2003.
Level Set Modeling of Nickel Silicide Growth

Level set methods have been used for Solid phase epitaxial regrowth, etching and deposition.This study is to model the growth of nickel silicide accurately using the level set method. NiSi growth has been observed to follow a linear-parabolic law which takes into account both diffusion and interfacial reaction. This linear-parabolic system is very similar to the Deal and Grove model of SiO2 growth. This model uses similar diffusion transport and reaction rate equations. This simulation models the growth of silicide coupling diffusion solutions to level-set techniques. Dual level sets have been used for top and bottom interface propagation of silicide; velocities were estimated based on nickel concentrations at both interfaces as well as diffusivity and reaction rate of nickel. This is important to predict precise shape of silicide that will allow current crowding and field focusing effects to be modeled in transport out of the intrinsic device into the contacting layers. These simulation models can be used for latest technology nodes at 45, 32, 22nm and special devices such as FinFET’s etc. The level set method is successfully implemented and verified in Florida Object Oriented Process Simulator and growth shapes matches well with the literature Transmission Electron Microscopy data.
Characterization of avian leucosis group-specific antigen from avian myeloblastosis virus.

Abstract 1. 1. Avian leucosis group-specific antigen protein has been purified from avian myeloblastosis virus and studied by methods suited for the small amounts available (0.2–0.5 mg). 2. 2. Molecular weight determinations using the high speed equilibrium method demonstrate a weight average molecular weight of approx. 23 000, homogeneity of molecular size, and lack of concentration effect on molecular weight. 3. 3. Amino acid analysis was performed with the use of an automatic amino acid analyzer. The number of dicarboxylic amino acid residues exceeds the number of dibasic amino acid residues. Since the protein is positively charged at pH 8.6 one would expect that some of the former are aminated. Proline is present in high concentration. 4. 4. No N-terminal amino acid could be detected using [ 14 C]fluorodinitrobenzene even in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or with special conditions of hydrolysis. It is suggested that the N-terminus is blocked. 5. 5. Carboxypeptidase A releases alanine rapidly in amounts approximately equimolar to the amount of protein taken. Alanine seems a likely candidate for the C-terminal amino acid. 6. 6. About 27 peptides were apparent after trypsin treatment. There are approx. 22 residues of arginine plus lysine in the protein, and one would predict 23 such peptides if the amino acids were arranged in a unique sequence. 7. 7. Trypsin pretreatment of the group-specific antigen prevents the complement fixation reaction, implying that structural integrity of this protein is required for its antigenicity. 8. 8. It is concluded that group-specific antigen is a suitable protein for further investigation because of its interesting properties, and because it may represent a common gene in an important group of RNA oncogenic viruses.
Wigner-crystal phases in bilayer quantum Hall systems

Electrons in double-layer quantum-well systems behave like pseudospin 1/2 particles where the up and down ``spin'' represent localized states in each of the layers. The magnetically induced Wigner crystals in these systems are therefore crystals of these pseudospin 1/2 particles. We have calculated the phase diagram of the bilayer Wigner crystals using a variational scheme which explores a continuum of lattice and spin structure. Five stable crystal phases are found. For given tunneling strength and layer separation, one typically encounters the following sequence of transitions as the filling factor is increased from zero (the same sequence also occurs if one increases the ``effective'' layer separation starting from zero, with tunneling strength and filling factor held fixed): (I) (One-component) hexagonal structure \ensuremath{\rightarrow} (II) centered rectangular structure \ensuremath{\rightarrow} (III) centered square structure \ensuremath{\rightarrow} (IV) centered rhombic structure \ensuremath{\rightarrow} (V) staggered hexagonal structure. Crystal I is a ferromagnet in pseudospin space. All other crystals (II--V) have mixed ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders, which are generated by layer tunneling and interlayer repulsion, respectively. The relative strength of these two magnetic orders varies continuously with external parameters (i.e., the ratio of layer separation to magnetic length, the tunneling gap to Coulomb interaction, etc.). The lattice structures I, III, and V are ``rigid'' whereas II and V are ``soft,'' in the sense that the latter two vary with external parameters and the former three do not. Another important features of the phase diagram is the existence of a multicritical point and a critical end point, which allows all crystals (except V) to transform into one another continuously. While our findings are based on a variational calculation, one can conclude on physical grounds that the mixed ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic order as well as the pseudospin-lattice coupling should be general features of most bilayer Wigner crystals.
Mass transfer characterization of Donnan dialysis

Donnan dialysis is a relatively new ion exchange process using ion exchange membranes to permit continuous operation. Potential applications exist in many areas where traditional columnar ion exchange, requiring a regeneration cycle, is currently used. A mathematical model was developed. Mass transfer parameters for the model were determined from laboratory data and correlated with the system operating variables.
A Method for the Control of Severe Alterations in Acid-Base Equilibrium

Tris buffer was utilized in the prevention or treatment of profound metabolic acidosis which developed during, and immediately after, extended periods of extracorporeal circulation. In 16 patients (group I), buffer was added to the 24-hour-old heparinized priming blood prior to initiation of bypass, to counteract a low pH and high lactic acid concentration. The success of this therapy was manifested by the stability of all acid-base parameters during and following operation. In the second group of 11 patients (group II), severe metabolic acidosis developed despite preliminary buffering of the priming blood. Here, the administration of additional buffer successfully restored acid-base equilibrium prior to the termination of perfusion. The buffer also proved effective in the treatment of two patients who developed severe respiratory acidosis in the immediate postperfusion period, and was instrumental in the resuscitation of a final patient following a prolonged period of cardiac arrest. It is suggested that...
Formation of type II F-primes from unstable Hfrs and their recA-independent conversion to other F-prime types

Four E. coli Hfr strains, representing stable (Hfr Cavalli), moderately stable (AB312) and unstable (Ra-1, Ra-2) Hfr states, were used in the isolation of a series of F′ plasmids. Type II F′s were found to be the most prevalent F′ plasmid formed from all of the Hfrs, while the percentages of Δtra F′s increased as the stability of the Hfr increased. Two observations suggested that F′ formation in unstable Hfrs like Ra-2 may proceed through a type II F′ precursor. First, the major F′ products of Ra-2 are tra+ type II F′s and, second, other F′ types (I, II) and classes (tra+, Δtra) from Ra-2 appeared to be deletion derivatives of a larger F′ progenitor. By monitoring the molecular changes that occur when the Ra-2 derived type II F′ pWS200 is transferred from one recA host to another, we have found that all F′ types and classes can be generated from pWS200 in a recA-independent manner. F sequences involved in the genetic conversions of pWS200 include the oriT locus and the directly repeated γδ junctions of F and chromosomal DNA. A model for the formation of F′s in unstable Hfrs is postulated in which a tra+ type II F′ primary excision product is seen to be modified, through recA-independent processes, to other F′ types and classes. This model differs from the current model of F′ formation in that independent excision events from the Hfr chromosome are not seen as the source of type I and type II F′s.
The Implications of Nurse Resources on Cardiac Care in the Emergency Department

During a stay in the emergency department the treatment that cardiac patients receive can have a significant effect on health outcomes; yet, little is known about the process of care in emergency departments. In this study we examined the effect of nurse resources on the process of care in all New Jersey hospital-based emergency departments. Patient-to-nurse ratio, nurse skill mix, and Magnet accreditation were associated with aspirin on arrival and percutaneous coronary intervention within 90 minutes of arrival.
Evidence for the Heating of Atomic Interstellar Gas by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

We report a strong correlation between the [C II] 158 ?m cooling line and the mid-infrared flux in the 5-10 ?m range in a wide variety of star-forming galaxies. The mid-infrared flux is dominated by the aromatic features in emission (AFEs), which are thought to arise from large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are generally associated with the smallest interstellar grains. The [C II] line is the dominant gas coolant in most regions of atomic interstellar gas and therefore reflects the heating input to the gas. The ratio of these two quantities, [C II]/AFE, remains nearly constant around 1.5% against variations in the ratio of the IRAS 60 ?m band flux to the 100 ?m band flux, R(60/100). This is in contrast to the drop in the [C II]/far-infrared (FIR) ratio with increasing R(60/100), which signals higher dust temperatures and more intense radiation fields. We interpret the stable [C II]/AFE ratio as evidence that gas heating is dominated by the PAHs or small grains, which are also AFE carriers, over a wide range of conditions. The trend of decreasing [C II]/FIR and AFE/FIR with increasing radiation field suggests a decrease in the importance of PAHs or small grains relative to large grains both in gas heating and in dust cooling. We summarize the observed trends and suggest two plausible scenarios.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE RADIATIVE HEATING OF A MOVING SHEET

The process of radiative heating of a moving polymeric sheet has been solved by numerical simulation. The heating was accomplished as the moving sheet was stretched over a hot roll having a corrugated surface. Radiative and convective heat losses were taken into account in the simulation. The heating process was subdivided into two time periods. The first of these periods occurred as the moving sheet approached the heated roll prior to making contact with it. During the second period, the moving sheet was in contact with the tips of the corrugations of the roll surface. The analysis of the problem led to a system of integro-differential equations. These equations were solved numerically to determine the timewise temperature variation of the moving sheet. It was found that the heating of the sheet prior to its contact with the roll surface is negligible. As the sheet passed over the roll, a transient heating period ensued which ultimately gave rise to a steady-state temperature of the sheet. For all of the...
Zur bestimmung des blockierungsgrades an teilweise blockierten festelektroden

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Bedeckungsgrades aus der Ruhrabhangigkeit des Grenzstromes teilweise blockierter Elektroden entwickelt und uberpruft. Aus dem Tafel-Gebiet wird ebenfalls der Blockierungsgrad bestimmt, dabei wird vorausgesetzt, daβ der Durchtrittsstrom der aktiven Flache proportional ist. Die nach verschiedenen Methoden bestimmten Blockierungsgrade stimmen sowohl bei Modellelektroden als auch can Graphitelektroden (Hypochloritreduktion) gut uberein.
Alexithymia, Depression, and Suicidal Preoccupation:

In a sample of 127 college students, alexithymia scores were associated with depression scores but, once depression was controlled statistically, not with suicidal preoccupation.
Bethlem myopathy is not allelic to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1A

The Bethlem myopathy, an autosomal-dominant myopathy, shows a distribution of proximal muscle weakness similar to that observed in dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). Yet the Bethlem myopathy differs from most limb-girdle dystrophies in two important regards. First, the Bethlem myopathy presents with joint contractures most commonly observed at the elbows, ankles, and neck. Secondly, disease onset in the Bethlem myopathy is in early childhood, while most dominant LGMDs present with adult onset. 6 refs., 1 fig.
The Coparticipant Field: Commentary on a Paper by Juan Tubert-Oklander

Psychoanalytic field theory is integral to relational praxis. In his study of the analytic field and its interpersonal complexities and relational intricacies, Tubert-Oklander emphasizes its clinical promise. Tubert-Oklander's field orientation, however, is a conservative and limited one. This commentary proposes a new, more radical coparticipant theory of analytic praxis. As a unique form of clinical participation, coparticipant inquiry is marked by an emphasis on patients' and analysts' relational mutuality, coequal analytic authority, and dyadic uniqueness. Coparticipant inquiry represents both a one-person and two-person psychology—an integral of classical individualism and the social emphasis of the interpersonal/relational viewpoint. Coparticipant analysis calls for a new, multidimensional concept of the self that reconciles the seeming paradox that we are simultaneously communal and individual beings—from birth embedded in a series of social field, yet always uniquely individual. This psychoanalyti...
Epidemiological Survey of Kawasaki Disease in Sichuan Province of China

Objectives: To investigate the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of Kawasaki Disease (KD) in Sichuan province of China.Methods: The questionnaire and diagnostic guideline for KD provided by Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Center (JKDRC) were used for the questionnaire investigation in pediatric departments of all hospitals in Sichuan province for data of KD diagnosed in their hospitals from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2001.Results: Of the 212 hospitals investigated, 91.5% responded to the questionnaire investigation, with a total of 1811 cases of KD identified. The incidence per 100 000 children <5 years of age was 4.26 in 1997, 5.21 in 1998, 8.57 in 1999, 7.70 in 2000 and 9.81 in 2001, respectively. The average incidence throughout the 5 years was 7.06 per 100 000. The ratio of male to female was 1.62 : 1. The age distribution showed a peak near 1-2 years of age. Cardiac sequelae were seen in 17.0% of the patients. Only 66.2% patients with KD had been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin.Conclusion: The incidence of KD in Sichuan province was lower than that reported in Japan and Beijing, higher than that in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shanxi province of China.
Prediction of transdermal flux of prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil, theophylline, and 6-mercaptopurine with a series/parallel model.

Multiple regression analysis of fluxes from suspensions in isopropyl myristate (J(M)) as a function of molecular weights (MW) and solubilities in isopropyl myristate (S(IPM)) and water (S(AQ)) were performed on a data set of 41 compounds (n = 41) comprising 39 prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), theophylline (Th), and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), in addition to 5-FU and Th, using four models. Two series/parallel models have been developed that allow an aqueous-only path in parallel with a lipid-only path and with a lipid-aqueous series path for the permeation of solutes through skin: log J(M) = log ?1/[1/(aS(LIPID) 10(PhiMW)) + 1/(bS(AQ)/MW(1/2))] + cS(LIPID)10(PhiMW) + dS(AQ)/MW(1/2)? where a, b, c, and d are coefficients for flux through the lipid and aqueous portions of the series path, the lipid-only path, and the aqueous-only path, respectively, and Phi is the dependence of diffusivity in lipid on MW. In the first series/parallel model, S(LIPID) was predicted by S(IPM), and in the second, solvatochromic series/parallel model, S(LIPID) was predicted by S(IPM)(k MW + Omegai) where Omega(i) is the sum of the solvatochromic terms alpha, beta, pi, and R(2), and k is the coefficient for the dependence of partitioning on MW. Using the n = 41 solutions, the coefficients for the aqueous-only path were very small or not different from zero in the two series/parallel models, so only two-path series/parallel models were compared with the solvatochromic and transformed Potts-Guy models where a homogeneous barrier to permeation was assumed. For each model, one compound at a time was omitted from the data set and new parameter estimates were obtained for these 41-1 solutions and used to predict log J(M) for the omitted compound. The average errors of prediction of log J(M) (experimental log J(M) - predicted log J(M)) for the four models were 0.134 for the series/parallel (r(2) = 0.937), 0.127 for the solvatochromic series/parallel (r(2) = 0.967), 0.150 for the solvatochromic (r(2) = 0.950), and 0.134 log units for the transformed Potts-Guy model (r(2) = 0.944). Thus, the solvatochromic series/parallel model provides fit and predictive ability comparable to or slightly superior to previous models that assumed homogeneity of the diffusional barrier to flux in the rate-determining step, provides further theoretical support against the existence of a high capacity aqueous-only path, and provides further insight into the physicochemical properties that should be incorporated into solutes to optimize their flux. Using the solvatochromic series/parallel model, the parameter estimates for the n = 41 solution were used to calculate the flux of each compound through the two paths. For compounds with log partition coefficients (K(IPM:AQ)) of 1.0, permeation was mostly by the lipid-only path; the lipid-aqueous series path exhibited the higher carrying capacity. (c) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Alloperla lenati, a new species of stonefly from North Carolina (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) and two new state records (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)

Abstract A new species of stonefly, Alloperla lenati, is described from Hoke/Scotland Co., North Carolina. It is a member of the leonarda species group but can be distinguished from included species by the distinctively shaped epiproct. Additionally, two new North Carolina state records are reported for the perlodines Hydroperla phormidia (Columbus/Robeson Co.) and Isogenoides varians (Davie/Davidson Co.).
The relationship between factors in the work environment and turnover propensities among engineering and technical support personnel

Engineering, scientific, and technical support personnel from the electronics division of a large US firm were sampled in this study of influences on turnover decisions. While the literature, which is briefly reviewed, suggests a multiplicity of causal influences, this investigation focuses on specific factors in the work unit which are influenced by the effectiveness of the technical manager. The results indicate that approximately 30% of the variance in turnover propensities is explained by factors in the immediate work environment. Satisfaction with supervision, altruism on the part of the manager, and unit morale were found to be the more important influences on intentions to stay for technical support personnel. However, for the engineers factors such as autonomy and goal congruence (with one's superior) were found to have greater influence. Thus, factors influencing retention are found to be somewhat different for engineers than for technical support personnel. The findings suggest areas of content for management training in order to enhance retention.
Computational cell biology: past, present and future.

As in physics and chemistry long ago, molecular life sciences are undergoing a foundational revision from empirical to mathematical. This trend has been prompted by insufficiency of the reductionist approach to provide quantitative explanations and predictions for the properties of molecular regulatory systems, whose observed behaviours are typically emergent phenomena governed by interactions between multiple components. A now classical example of this situation is the study of biological oscillations, such as circadian rhythms [1–3] and the cell cycle [4–6], where the most significant properties of oscillation (period, amplitude, robustness, etc.) are non-trivially related in general to the details of the underlying network.
A fault tolerant reconfigurable ATM switch fabric

A high-bandwidth reconfigurable asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch fabric is proposed. The design is modular to allow for expansion to a large switch size and is feasible for implementation with current technology 2*2 buffered electronic crossbar switches. It uses wavelength division multiplexing of fiber channels in combination with nonagile tunable laser diodes. A novel approach for reconfiguration of the switch fabric is proposed. It is shown that with relatively low hardware overhead, a highly reliable switch fabric can be achieved while maintaining high bandwidth. Maximum fault tolerance is studied by mapping to the marriage problem of graph theory. The results provided by this approach significantly reduce the tuning range needed for reconfiguring the switch. >
The silent treatment : siRNAs as small molecule drugs

As soon as RNA interference (RNAi) was found to work in mammalian cells, research quickly focused on harnessing this powerful endogenous and specific mechanism of gene silencing for human therapy. RNAi uses small RNAs, less than 30 nucleotides in length, to suppress expression of genes with complementary sequences. Two strategies can introduce small RNAs into the cytoplasm of cells, where they are active – a drug approach where double-stranded RNAs are administered in complexes designed for intracellular delivery and a gene therapy approach to express precursor RNAs from viral vectors. Phase I clinical studies have already begun to test the therapeutic potential of small RNA drugs that silence disease-related genes by RNAi. This review will discuss progress in developing and testing small RNAi-based drugs and potential obstacles.
Germination responses of the invasive Triadica sebifera and two co-occurring native woody species to elevated salinity across a gulf coast transition ecosystem.

With sea level rise, coastal ecosystems farther inland are expected to experience extended duration of inundation and elevated salinity. However, the effects of elevated salinity on initial recruitment of native and invasive woody species in coastal ecosystems are poorly understood. We assessed effects of elevated salinity across a range of soil types on germination of the invasive Triadica sebifera and two natives, Baccharis halimifolia and Morella cerifera, using growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. In both studies, germination was compared across four salinity levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/l). In the greenhouse, percent germination of these species was also compared across soils spanning the five dominant vegetation zones that define a typical coastal transition ecosystem in coastal Mississippi, USA. Final percent germination of all species decreased with increased salinities in both experiments. In the greenhouse, germination of all species was reduced in soils from the most seaward vegetation zones. Overall, there were species-specific germination responses to salinity treatments and soil types. Of the three species, B. halimifolia was least sensitive to increasing salinity. Germination of the invasive Triadica sebifera did not differ across salinity levels in inland soils, displaying plasticity of germination traits. This plasticity may increase the likelihood of successful germination under some degree of salinity stress, and thereby contribute to the inland spread of T. sebifera along coastal transition ecosystems.
Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) in freeze-drying of parenteral products

Quality by Design (QbD), aims at assuring quality by proper design and control, utilizing appropriate Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) to monitor critical process parameters during processing to ensure that the product meets the desired quality attributes. This review provides a comprehensive list of process monitoring devices that can be used to monitor critical process parameters and will focus on a critical review of the viability of the PAT schemes proposed. R&D needs in PAT for freeze-drying have also been addressed with particular emphasis on batch techniques that can be used on all the dryers independent of the dryer scale.
Axenic Culture of the Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Pfiesteria shumwayae in a Semi-Defined Medium

ABSTRACT. A semi-defined, biphasic culture medium was developed that supported the axenic growth of three strains of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria shumwayae. Maximum cell yields and division rates in the semi-defined medium ranged from 0.1 × 105 to 4.0 × 105 cells/ml and 0.5 to 1.7 divisions/day, respectively, and depended on the concentration of the major components in the medium as well as the P. shumwayae strain. The medium contained high concentrations of certain dissolved and particulate organic compounds, including amino acids and lipids. Pfiesteria shumwayae flagellated cells were attracted to insoluble lipids present in the medium and appeared to feed on the lipid particles, suggesting that phagocytosis may be required for growth in axenic culture. Development of a semi-defined medium represents significant progress toward a completely defined axenic culture medium and subsequent determination of the biochemical requirements of P. shumwayae, needed to advance understanding of the nutritional ecology of this species. Further, this medium provides an economical, simplified method for generating high cell densities of P. shumwayae in axenic culture that will facilitate controlled investigations on the physiology and biochemistry of this heterotrophic dinoflagellate.
The timing and diagnostic systems of the kicker magnet pulsers for the Stanford Linear Collider

The Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) uses several very fast thyratron pulsers to drive kicker magnets. The pulsers operate at repetition rates of between 1 and 120 pulses/s as dictated by the operational mode of the SLC. Time jitter of typically 200 ps is achieved and the longer-term effect of time drift is compensated by the use of a timing feedback device. Monitoring is provided to measure and display the average time and jitter for the thyratrons and magnets. Amplitude stability of better than 10/sup -3/ is required and this is measured and displayed by the use of an amplitude sampler. Measurements of the individual functions of each system are provided both locally and at the Machine Control Center so that it is possible to continuously track each pulser's performance. >
Mechanism of interfacial mass transfer in membrane transport

Dialysis of binary aqueous solutions of several sugars through a cellophane membrane was studied in a stirred batch dialyzer. Sherwood numbers describing mass transfer resistance in the fluid adjacent to the membrane were determined as a function of the corresponding Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. The results establish a reproducible environment for membrane testing in which a known controllable and small interfacial resistance is placed in series with that of the membrane. The results are also shown to support, for this geometry, the postulation of a third power relationship between eddy diffusivity and dimensionless distance from the phase boundary as well as the Sherwood-Ryan nondimensionalization of this distance.
Resonant behavior of a membrane of a dielectric elastomer

This paper analyzes a membrane of a dielectric elastomer, prestretched and mounted on a rigid circular ring, and then inflated by a combination of pressure and voltage. Equations of motion are derived from a nonlinear field theory, and used to analyze several experimental conditions. When the pressure and voltage are static, the membrane may attain a state of equilibrium, around which the membrane can oscillate. The natural frequencies can be tuned by varying the prestretch, pressure, or voltage. A sinusoidal pressure or voltage may excite superharmonic, harmonic, and subharmonic resonance. Several modes of oscillation predicted by the model have not been reported experimentally, possibly because these modes have small deflections, despite large stretches.
Role of the Eastern California Shear Zone in accommodating Pacific-North American Plate motion

The newly recognized Eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) of the Mojave Desert-Death Valley region has played a major, but previously underappreciated role in accommodating the dextral shear between the Pacific and North American plates in late Cenozoic time. Comparison of integrated net slip along the shear zone with motion values across the entire transform boundary indicates that between 9% and 23% of the total relative plate motion has occurred along the ECSZ since its probably inception {approximately}10-6 Ma. Long-term integrated shear along the ECSZ (6-12 mm yr{sup {minus}1}) is similar to historic measurements (6.7 {plus minus} 1.3 mm yr{sup {minus}1}). Time-space patterns of faulting suggest that shear was concentrated in the eastern part of the Mojave Desert block and Death Valley during late Miocene and early Pleistocene time, but that the locus of faulting in the south-central Mojave jumped westward between 1.5 and 0.7 Ma.