cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracellular localization of SNAP-23 to endosomal compartments.

We have reexamined the intracellular localization of the ubiquitously expressed target membrane SNAP receptor (t-SNARE), SNAP-23. While SNAP-23 appears on the plasma membrane, in the cell types examined there is a significant pool associated with endosomal compartments. Immuno-staining and expression of green fluorescent protein-tagged SNAP-23, show that it has a punctate, perinuclear localization in HepG2 and HT4 cells. This distribution overlaps significantly with transferrin receptor and slightly with the late endosome/lysosomal protein LAMP-1. The localization of SNAP-23 changes as HepG2 cells polarize. Initially it is concentrated at sites of cell-cell contact and then almost exclusively to the apical (or bile canalicular) domain of the cell. These data are consistent with a role for SNAP-23 in both endosome-plasma membrane trafficking as well as endosome-endosome transport.
Ultrafast differential ion mobility spectrometry at extreme electric fields in multichannel microchips.

The maximum electric field intensity (E) in field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) analyses was doubled to E > 60 kV/cm. In earlier devices with >0.5 mm gaps, such strong fields cause electrical breakdown for nearly all gases at ambient pressure. As the Paschen curves are sublinear, thinner gaps permit higher E: here, we established 61 kV/cm in N2 using microchips with 35 μm gaps. As FAIMS efficiency is exceptionally sensitive to E, such values can in theory accelerate analyses at equal resolution by over an order of magnitude. Here we demonstrate FAIMS filtering in ∼20 μs or ∼1% of the previously needed time, with a resolving power of about half that for “macroscopic” units but sufficing for many applications. Microscopic gaps enable concurrent ion processing in multiple (here, 47) channels, which greatly relaxes the charge capacity constraints of planar FAIMS designs. These chips were integrated with a β-radiation ion source and charge detector. The separation performance is in line...
Implications of black greek letter membership on the development of the Engineer of 2020

Higher education and student affairs literature have detailed the impact of Black Greek Organizations (BGOs) on African American students' educational experiences. However, our work is the first examination of BGO membership in terms of impact on engineering students' educational experiences, and specifically skills deemed valuable by the National Academy of Engineering's (NAE) The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. In our earlier study, results pointed to the many advantages of African American student participation in BGOs on their engineering educational experiences. Further, the data suggested that BGO membership has the potential to provide unique contributions to African American engineering students' persistence, academic achievement, and career paths. This paper builds on our previous work by examining how students' BGO experiences influence the development of specific skills described by the Engineer of 2020. Results of this qualitative study point to the potential advantages of African American engineering students participating in BGOs, particularly equipping them to succeed in the engineering workforce by instilling qualities of The Engineer of 2020. The significance of the work is also highlighted by the focus on BGOs, which have been a staple of the African-American culture and educational community for over 100 years.
Taxes in fantasy, or most any tax on labor can turn out to help the laborers

Abstract This fable is designed to demonstrate that merely knowing the structure of two taxes that raise equal amounts of revenue will rarely be sufficient to determine which tax will prove preferable for a specific reference group. Most particularly, it shows that any of the traditional forms of taxation on labor may prove beneficial to the laborers themselves. The taxes considered are lump sum levies collected as money or labor, and proportional and nonproportional taxes on wage earnings. The analysis takes the form of a series of examples yielding counter-intuitive results. An epilogue discusses simulations and unstable equilibria.
Writing as an Information Literacy Tool: Bringing Writing in the Disciplines to an Online Library Class

ABSTRACT The Writing in the Discipline (WID) concepts lend themselves to execution in an online realm, where written communication is the primary means of contact between students and instructors. The author instituted WID in an online section of a 1-credit research class and found the WID framework also made it easier for students to demonstrate information literacy. WID provides space within a course for students to become accustomed to the discourse of a discipline, writing to understand before being asked to formally communicate. This article explains the concepts behind WID and outlines how it was executed within an urban community college online class.
Compression of large data grids for internet transmission

Large gridded data sets useful in the Earth sciences are routinely made available on the Internet. In most cases the data files are provided using 2-byte (16 bit) binary integer values; these are often compressed using general-purpose utilities such as gzip or bzip2 to reduce file sizes prior to transmission over the Internet. However, even files compressed in this way can be hundreds of megabytes, contributing to net congestion and excessive transmission times. This paper presents a command line tool (grdzip) that takes advantage of the structure of gridded data sets to achieve better net compression. The data are first reduced to double differences and packed using a variable width bit-packing algorithm before being written via the general-purpose compression routines in the bzip2 library. The process is fully reversible. Testing of grdzip on eight commonly used gridded data sets reveals that grdzip compresses better and faster than either gzip or bzip2 alone, typically resulting in compressed files that are 25% smaller than bzip2 output and less than 50% of gzip output. Depending on original file size, these savings can be considerable and significantly reduce both transmission time and data server disk space.
Medical teaching of the cultural aspects of ethnic minorities: does it exist?

Summary. The development of published material relating to the practice of medicine in multiracial and multicultural Britain is briefly reviewed. The utilization of such information in English medical schools is found to be absent or at a low level of priority. A more detailed study of one region demonstrates that junior hospital doctors believe from experience that they have a need for training in ‘multicultural’ medicine to serve their current patient load. Objective tests demonstrate the poor levels of knowledge and the role of practical experience. Responses from a survey of administrators and clinical tutors suggest interest or willingness to develop training in this field but a lack of coordination or resources. The paper demonstrates clearly that medical education has failed to keep pace with developments in the social and ethnic composition of the potential client population. Doctors who are practising in multiracial areas support this argument for changes in the undergraduate curriculum and extension of provision in postgraduate education. These improvements should not be confined to specific medical schools because of the career mobility of doctors, and by analogy could be extended to other medical professionals. Recommendations are made as a basis for a long-term strategy to ensure that medical education plays its part in combating racism in society.
Magnetic and Electrical Properties of NdNbO4 and GdNbO4

Polycrystalline NdNbO4 and GdNbO4, isostructural with the monoclinic form of YTaO4 (Fergusonite), were prepared by the usual ceramic method. GdNbO4 is paramagnetic with an asymptotic Curie point extrapolated to be 0 °K. NdNbO4 becomes antiferromagetic at 25 °K. Their room temperature electrical resistivities are very high, in the neighborhood of 1011 to 1012 Ωcm. The activation energy for the conduction process is 0.92 eV and 1.08 eV with respect to NdNbO4 and GdNbO4, respectively. The electrical conduction is n-type in both cases. Both compounds show a dielectric constant maximum, measured at 1 kHz. The transition temperature is 1080 °K and 1030 °K for NdNbO4 and GdNbO4, respectively. Polykristallines NdNbO4 und GdNbO4, isomorph mit der monoklinen Form des YTaO4 (Fergusonit), sind nach dem ublichen keramischen Verfahren dargestellt worden. GdNbO4 ist paramagnetisch mit einem extrapolierten asymptotischen Curiepunkt von 0 °K. NdNbO4 wird bei 25 °K antiferromagnetisch. Sein spezifischer Widerstand bei Zimmertemperatur ist sehr hoch, etwa 1011 bis 1012 Ωcm. Die Leitungsaktivierungsenergie ist 0,92 eV fur NdNbO4 und 1,08 eV fur GdNbO4. Die Leitungstrager sind Elektronen. In der Temperaturabhangigkeit der Dielektrizitatskonstanten, die bei 1 kHz gemessen wurde, tritt ein Maximum fur beide Verbindungen auf. Die Ubergangstemperatur ist 1080 °K fur NdNbO4 und 1030 °K fur GdNbO4.
Occurrence of fibroadenomas in postmenopausal women referred for breast biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of breast fibroadenomas in postmenopausal patients referred for breast biopsy. DESIGN: A retrospective review of breast biopsy outcome and of patient demographics, including menstrual and hormonal status. SETTING: The Tucson Breast Center, a large outpatient breast cancer detection clinic affiliated with the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center in Tucson, Arizona. PARTICIPANTS: All women seen at the Tucson Breast Center between 1985 and 1990 who were referred for breast biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 100 fibroadenomas were found in 709 breast biopsies whose results were known. Fifty-two of these were in premenopausal women and 44 in postmenopausal women; the menopausal status of four women was unknown. In postmenopausal women, 11 of the 44 patients reported hormone use. Fibroadenomas constituted 20% (39 of 195) of the benign masses and 12% (39 of 339) of all breast masses in postmenopausal women. Fibroadenomas constituted 10% (44 of 447) of all biopsies in postmenopausal women, including those with breast masses, abnormal calcifications, or other lesions. CONCLUSION: Noncalcified fibroadenomas of the breast are not confined to young women and may constitute a small but noteworthy proportion of lesions coming to breast biopsy in postmenopausal women. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:61–64, 1996.
Converting a multimode fiber into a single-mode fiber

A multimode fiber infrastructure can be used to support single-mode Silicon Photonics by coupling only to the lowest-order mode of the fiber. This allows Silicon Photonics to share a common fiber infrastructure with multimode VCSELs.
Molecular thermodynamics of solubilities in gas antisolvent crystallization

An expanded liquid molecular thermodynamic model is developed to predict the solubilities of pure solids in a liquid expanded with a gaseous antisolvent. Experimental data are presented for systems containing naphthalene, phenanthrene, and a mixture of both in toluene expanded with a gas antisolvent, CO2. The pressure range is 1 to 64 bar and the temperature is 25°C. The data are predicted accurately with regular solution theory up to moderate pressures, but not at the higher pressures where the liquid phase is nearly pure CO2. In contrast, the new expanded liquid equation of state model describes the wide range of behavior from the nearly ideal liquid solution at ambient pressure to the highly nonideal compressible fluid at elevated pressures. As a result, it predicts solubilities accurately over three orders of magnitude by using only binary interaction parameters. The implications of the phase behavior on fractional crystallization with a gas antisolvent are discussed.
International fisheries: assessing the potential for ecosystem management

Single-stock management dominates the international regulation of marine fisheries. Indeed, the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) rubric is used in 10 of 16 marine regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). Early on, MSY was the best, and often only, scientific benchmark available. Now, scientists know much more about ecosystem interactions and have the tools to implement multi-species management, but RFMOs continue to manage stocks and species separately. This article explores the reasons for this continuity and the potential for change in the system. In it, I propose that a focus on allocation rather than conservation generates preferences for MSY over the lower, more precautionary, catch limits that would result from an ecosystem approach. I test this hypothesis using RFMO data. I then move on to discuss the results and propose that strategic considerations should be taken into account when advocating for ecosystem-based management.
Isoform-specific Induction of a Human Aldo-Keto Reductase by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Electrophiles, and Oxidative Stress: Implications for the Alternative Pathway of PAH Activation Catalyzed by Human Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase

Human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD) isoforms are aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) that activate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by oxidizing trans-dihydrodiol proximate carcinogens to reactive and redox-active ortho-quinones. Of these, human AKR1C1 (DD1) and AKR1C2 (DD2) oxidize trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene to the cytotoxic and genotoxic metabolite benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione (BPQ) with the highest catalytic efficiency. Exposure of HepG2 cells to a panel of inducers revealed that mRNA encoding one or more human AKR1C member(s) was induced (3- to 10-fold) by benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic compounds (bi-functional inducers), electrophilic Michael acceptors and phenolic antioxidants (monofunctional inducers), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The induction of AKR1C mRNA by bifunctional inducers was delayed with respect to the induction of CYP1A1 mRNA, and AKR1C mRNA was not induced by the nonmetabolizable aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). These data suggest that, in contrast to the CYPs, induction of AKR1C member(s) by PAHs and other bifunctional inducers is mediated indirectly via an antioxidant response element rather than a xenobiotic response element. Immunoblot and enzymatic assays confirmed that the increases in AKR1C mRNA were faithfully translated into functional AKR1C protein(s). The increased DD activity in HepG2 lysates was inhibited only by high concentrations of ursodeoxycholate, which suggested that AKR1C2 (DD2, bile-acid-binding protein) was not the isoform induced. RNase protection assays identified AKR1C1 (DD1) mRNA as the transcript which was up-regulated by mono- and bi-functional inducers and ROS in both human hepatoma (HepG2) and colon carcinoma (HT29) cells. BPQ, the electrophilic and redox-cycling product of the AKR1C1 reaction, also induced AKR1C1 expression. Thus, BPQ formation by AKR1C1 results in both a chemical (redox-cycling) and a genetic (AKR1C1 induction) amplification of ROS in PAH-exposed cells. Because ROS have been implicated in both tumor initiation and tumor promotion, the amplification of ROS by this pathway may play a significant role in PAH carcinogenesis.
Have State Comprehensive Planning Mandates Reduced Insured Losses from Natural Disasters

This article examines the relationship between state requirements for preparation of local government comprehensive plans and claims paid by property insurance companies for losses due to weather-related natural disasters between 1994 and 2000. During the period studied, insurance companies paid out more than $26 billion (in constant 2000 dollars) for disaster-related claims arising from losses to residential property. Although a majority of states do not require local governments to prepare comprehensive plans, 24 states do require plans, and 10 states specifically require that mandated plans pay attention to natural hazards. Multivariate analyses indicate that insured losses to residential property over the period studied could have been reduced by 0.52% if all states had required local comprehensive plans and by a further 0.47% if, in addition, they had required consideration of natural hazards in local plans. Over the period studied, if all states had required comprehensive plans with hazard mitigation elements, the toll in insured losses to residential property from natural disasters would have been reduced by approximately $213 million in constant 2000 dollars (±$98 million at the 95% level of confidence).
Driver inattention detection through intelligent analysis of readily available sensors

Driver inattention is estimated to be a significant factor for over 25% of all crashes. A system that could accurately detect driver inattention could aid in reducing this number. In contrast to using specialized sensors or video cameras to monitor the driver we detect driver inattention by using only readily available sensors. A classifier was trained using collision avoidance systems (CAS) sensors, which was able to accurately identify 80% of driver inattention and could be added to a vehicle without incurring the cost of additional sensors.
Cerebral Blood Flow During Inhibition of Brain Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Normal, Hypertensive, and Stroke-Prone Rats

Background and Purpose Because tonic production of nitric oxide (NO) is important in regulating cerebrovascular tone and NO may be important in the mechanism of brain injury from focal ischemia, we speculated that stroke predisposition in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHR-SP) may be related to impaired tonic production of NO. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to inhibition of NO synthase in SHR-SP would be different than that observed in normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and non–stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Pentobarbital-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats were tested for CBF response to saline, 5 or 20 mg/kg IV of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA), or 20 mg/kg IV of Nω-nitro-l-arginine (L-NA). In addition, specificity for an NO-dependent mechanism was assessed by determining the ability to reverse any alteration in CBF with l-arginine. Hemorrhage was used to minimize any increase in mean arterial b...
Real-time generation of music notation via audience interaction using python and GNU lilypond

No Clergy is an interactive music performance/installation in which the audience is able to shape the ongoing music. In it, members of a small acoustic ensemble read music notation from computer screens. As each page refreshes, the notation is altered and shaped by both stochastic transformations of earlier music with the same performance and audience feedback, collected via standard CGI forms.
THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

■ Abstract Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits results from the segregation of alleles at multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) with effects that are sensitive to the genetic, sexual, and external environments. Major challenges for biology in the post-genome era are to map the molecular polymorphisms responsible for variation in medically, agriculturally, and evolutionarily important complex traits; and to determine their gene frequencies and their homozygous, heterozygous, epistatic, and pleiotropic effects in multiple environments. The ease with which QTL can be mapped to genomic intervals bounded by molecular markers belies the difficulty in matching the QTL to a genetic locus. The latter requires high-resolution recombination or linkage disequilibrium mapping to nominate putative candidate genes, followed by genetic and/or functional complementation and gene expression analyses. Complete genome sequences and improved technologies for polymorphism detection will greatly advance the genetic dissection of quantitative traits in model organisms, which will open avenues for exploration of homologous QTL in related taxa.
The science of space weather

The basic physics underpinning space weather is reviewed, beginning with a brief overview of the main causes of variability in the near-Earth space environment. Although many plasma phenomena contribute to space weather, one of the most important is magnetic reconnection, and recent cutting edge research in this field is reviewed. We then place this research in context by discussing a number of specific types of space weather in more detail. As society inexorably increases its dependence on space, the necessity of predicting and mitigating space weather will become ever more acute. This requires a deep understanding of the complexities inherent in the plasmas that fill space and has prompted the development of a new generation of scientific space missions at the international level.
Impaired nitric oxide-mediated flow-induced dilation in arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We tested the hypothesis that impairment of flow-dependent dilator mechanisms of skeletal muscle arterioles is one of the underlying reasons for the increased peripheral resistance in hypertension. Isolated, cannulated arterioles (approximately 55 microns) of gracilis muscle of 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive Wistar (NW) rats were investigated. At a constant perfusion pressure (80 mm Hg), the active diameters of NW and SH arterioles were 57.7 +/- 1.9 and 51.5 +/- 3.2 microns, whereas their passive diameters (Ca(2+)-free solution) were 113.6 +/- 2.9 and 101.7 +/- 2.9 microns, respectively. Flow-induced dilation was elicited by increases in flow of the perfusion solution from 0 to 25 microL/min in 5-microL/min steps. This response was significantly less in arterioles of SH compared with NW rats. For example, at 25-microL/min flow, the diameter of arterioles of SH rats was approximately 56% less (P < .05) than those of NW rats. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, significantly attenuated the flow-diameter curve in both strains of rats. In contrast, N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, significantly shifted the flow-diameter curve to the right in NW rats, but it did not affect the flow-diameter curve in SH rats. Thus, the present findings demonstrate that in gracilis muscle arterioles of normotensive rats in response to increases in flow (shear stress), prostaglandins and nitric oxide are co-released, resulting in a dilation. In early hypertension, however, there is a reduced arteriolar dilation to increases in flow that is due to the impairment of the nitric oxide-mediated portion of the flow-dependent arteriolar dilation.
Emerging markets and innovation: A partnership for global progress

The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the role innovation plays in global competition and discuss how companies from some of the emerging markets are using innovation to compete with global companies from the developed world. Innovation is linked to the marketing concept as a driver for developing new products, services, and/or delivery systems. As global borders disappear, and training and education along with trade freedom increase, the opportunity for innovation increases. This writing offers a forward look into the global possibilities of emerging market innovation.
Effect of Calcium Carbonate and Sodium Alginate on the Textural Characteristics, Color and Color Stability of Restructured Pork Chops

The effects of factorial combinations of calcium carbonate (0.00 and 0.26%) and sodium alginate (0.0 and 0.7%) on the initial cooked tensile strength and texture profile analysis and the amount of discoloration during three months frozen storage of restructured pork chops were investigated. Calcium carbonate increased (p 0.05) on the tensile strength of the chops. Alginate decreased the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness and gumminess of the restructured chops (p < 0.05). Chops that contained alginate and/or calcium carbonate had more initial discoloration than those that contained (1) no additives, (2) 0.75% NaCl plus 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate, and (3) 0.75% NaCl plus 0.26% calcium carbonate but they did not discolor further during frozen storage.
Noncompetitive antagonist binding sites in the torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channel. Structure-activity relationship studies using adamantane derivatives.

We used a series of adamantane derivatives to probe the structure of the phencyclidine locus in either the resting or desensitized state of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Competitive radioligand binding and photolabeling experiments using well-characterized noncompetitive antagonists such as the phencyclidine analogue (piperidyl-3,4- 3 H(N))-N-(1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-piperidine (( 3 H)- TCP), ( 3 H)ethidium, ( 3 H)tetracaine, ( 14 C)amobarbital, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-( 125 I)iodophenyl)- diazirine (( 125 I)TID) were performed. Thermodynamic and structure-function relationship analyses yielded the following results. (1) There is a good structure-function relationship for adamantane amino derivatives inhibiting ( 3 H)TCP or ( 3 H)tetracaine binding to the resting AChR. (2) Since the same derivatives inhibit neither ( 14 C)amobarbital binding nor ( 125 I)TID photoincorporation, we conclude that these positively charged molecules preferably bind to the TCP locus, perhaps interacting with RGlu 262 residues at position M2-20. (3) The opposite is true for the neutral molecule adamantane, which prefers the TID (or barbiturate) locus instead of the TCP site. (4) The TID site is smaller and more hydrophobic (it accommodates neutral molecules with a maximal volume of 333 ( 45 A 3 ) than the TCP locus, which has room for positively charged molecules with volumes as large as 461 A 3 (e.g., crystal violet). This supports the concept that the resting ion channel is tapering from the extracellular mouth to the middle portion. (5) Finally, although both the hydrophobic environment and the size of the TCP site are practically the same in both states, there is a more obvious cutoff in the desensitized state than in the resting state, suggesting that the desensitization process constrains the TCP locus. A plausible location of neutral and charged adamantane derivatives is shown in a model of the resting ion channel.
A formula for determining sample sizes to study dose-response

Determining the appropriate sample size fora clinical trial requires careful deliberation. Cost and ethical considerations dictate that a minimum number of patients be enrolled to study the safety and efficacy of a new chemical entity, yet the probability of not observing a true treatment effect is overly high if too few patients are enrolled. Recent results regarding adequate sample size for dose-response (DR) studies were based on Monte Carlo simulation. Application of such results is limited to planning DR studies that match the simulation protocol with respect to the desired power, number and spacing of dose levels, level of significance, and actual DR relationship. Complete flexibility in planning DR studies requires a formula relating power to sample size and other design parameters. This paper describes such a formula that is applicable when standard analyses are planned. An example is given to suggest possible alternative hypotheses and to illustrate application of the sample size formula.
The Effects of Syntactic Complexity upon Arithmetic Performance

The results of this study suggest that the syntactic complexity of written mathematical problems influences the student's ability to solve the problems. Although the study used low-achieving eighth...
Cycling Analysis of a Quinone-Bromide Redox Flow Battery

We report the dependence upon current density of voltage polarization; charge capacity; and current, voltage, and energy efficiency for a flow battery comprising 2,7-anthraquinone disulfonic acid and hydrobromic acid as redox-active species in the electrolytes. We develop relationships predicting several of these figures of merit from the polarization curves. The decrease in capacity with increasing current density is shown to be a direct consequence of the interplay of the polarization curves and the voltage limits imposed during cycling. The linearity of the polarization curves results in an inverse linear relationship between instantaneous voltage efficiency and current density. The average voltage efficiency over a complete cycle is shown to follow this same relationship when the open-circuit voltage and polarization resistance are evaluated at 50% state of charge. Current efficiency loss mechanisms are classified according to whether they lead directly to cycle capacity loss. The current efficiency increases with current density due to constant-rate loss mechanisms at a rate of 1.08 mA/cm2, which is consistent with the rate of bromine crossover. Quinone crossover is negligible at 140 pA/cm2. The effective differential capacity retention rate is 99.90% per cycle over 40 cycles. Mechanistic interpretations for these results are offered and interrelationships derived.
Sirolimus can reverse resistance to gemcitabine, capecitabine and docetaxel combination therapy in pancreatic cancer.

Context Treating patients with metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas can lead to regression of disease, but the tumor becomes resistant to therapy within a few months. If resistance can be reversed or prevented, the chemotherapeutic benefit may be prolonged. Case reports Two patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer progressed on gemcitabine, capecitabine and docetaxel (GTX). When sirolimus was added to this regimen at a dosage to achieve a serum level of at least 10 ng/dL at the time of the gemcitabine and docetaxel infusion, their tumors regressed. Conclusion This demonstrates that the addition of sirolimus to a gemcitabine/docetaxel containing regimen can reverse tumor resistance in the clinical setting.
HealthAware: An advice system for stress, sleep, diet and exercise

We developed a feedback-loop, user-tailored advice system to provide stress interventions and advice about improving sleep, diet, and exercise habits at the workplace. Thirty participants joined a 2 week study: in the first week, we collected their behaviors about sleep, diet, exercise and stress levels using Fitbit and surveys. During the second week we continued monitoring, and based on the participants' measurements in the previous days, we also provided interventions and advice during the workday, and evaluated their preferences. We found that participants with higher stress levels liked stress interventions more and that somatic activities were most preferred and reduced stress levels the most. We observed individual preference differences in the types of advice; however, tracking and receiving advice raised users' awareness of their stress, sleep, exercise, and dietary behaviors. We found that the largest positive impact was on our participants' dietary behaviors.
Nutrition Screening and Counseling in Adults With Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Maintenance of adequate nutrition is an integral component of the cancer treatment process. Numerous factors should be considered when evaluating the nutritional status of patients with cancer. A systematic review of the literature revealed the importance of nutrition interventions in patients with cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy. Counseling in nutrition has been shown to improve quality of life, strengthen response to therapy, and increase survival. Lung cancer presents a significant risk as the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the United States. In addition, nutritional deficiencies are experienced by most adults with lung cancer during the course of their disease and treatment. The deficiencies compound the cost of treatment and also increase morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Further study of nutritional interventions is needed to promote better outcomes and quality of life in patients with lung cancer.
An alternative means of retaining ocular structure and improving immunoreactivity for light microscopy studies

Author(s): Sun, Ning; Shibata, Brad; Hess, John F; FitzGerald, Paul G | Abstract: PurposeSeveral properties of ocular tissue make fixation for light microscopy problematic. Because the eye is spherical, immersion fixation necessarily results in a temporal gradient of fixation, with surfaces fixing more rapidly and thoroughly than interior structures. The problem is compounded by the fact that the layers of the eye wall are compositionally quite different, resulting in different degrees of fixation-induced shrinkage and distortion. Collectively, these result in non-uniform preservation, as well as buckling and/or retinal detachment. This gradient problem is most acute for the lens, where the density of proteins can delay fixation of the central lens for days, and where the fixation gradient parallels the age gradient of lens cells, which complicates data interpretation. Our goal was to identify a simple method for minimizing some of the problems arising from immersion fixation, which avoided covalent modification of antigens, retained high quality structure, and maintained tissue in a state that is amenable to common cytochemical techniques.MethodsA simple and inexpensive derivative of the freeze-substitution approach was developed and compared to fixation by immersion in formalin. Preservation of structure, immunoreactivity, GFP and tdTomato fluorescence, lectin reactivity, outer segment auto fluorescence, Click-iT chemistry, compatibility with in situ hybdrdization, and the ability to rehydrate eyes after fixation by freeze substitution for subsequent cryo sectioning were assessed.ResultsAn inexpensive and simple variant of the freeze substitution approach provides excellent structural preservation for light microscopy, and essentially eliminates ocular buckling, retinal detachment, and outer segment auto-fluorescence, without covalent modification of tissue antigens. The approach shows a notable improvement in preservation of immunoreactivity. TdTomato intrinsic fluorescence is also preserved, as is compatibility with in situ hybridization, lectin labeling, and the Click-iT chemistry approach to labeling the thymidine analog EdU. On the negative side, this approach dramatically reduced intrinsic GFP fluorescence.ConclusionsA simple, cost-effective derivative of the freeze substitution process is described that is of particular value in the study of rodent or other small eyes, where fixation gradients, globe buckling, retinal detachment, differential shrinkage, autofluorescence, and tissue immunoreactivity have been problematic.
Draft Genome Sequence of Planomicrobium glaciei UCD-HAM (Phylum Firmicutes).

Here, we present the draft genome of Planomicrobium glaciei, a member of the phylum Firmicutes, found at the University of California Davis. Paired-end, 300-bp reads were generated on an Illumina MiSeq. The assembly consists of 3,925,122 bp, contained in 109 contigs, with a G+C content of 46.7%.
Isolation of Staphylococcus albus from Hemolymph of the Roach, Blatta orientalis

SummaryA bacterium, pathogenic for the roach, Blatta orientalis, was isolated in pure culture from the hemolymph of this insect, and proved to be Staphylococcus albus, as described in Bergey's Manual. Infections could be established in normal roaches by inoculation with diseased hemolymph or with broth cultures. Death was preceded by a characteristic progressive paralysis.
The Care of Dependent African-American Children in Chicago: The Struggle Between Black Self-Help and Professionalism

During the Progressive and post World War I eras, social welfare provisions became both more organized and more professional. These developments significantly shaped modem day government programs and private philanthropy. Among the Progressive contributions to social welfare organization were licensing and standard setting practices for agencies, the establishment of a policy preference for family-based care and an aversion to institutions, federated planning and fundraising for private charities, the idea that govemment's role in promoting social welfare is a residual one when private philanthropy proves inadequate, and the transition of the charity organization from a loose group of well-meaning volunteers to a business-like nonprofit corporation.l Underpinning all these contributions was the idea of professionalismthat charity should be "scientific," led by skilled professionals rather than by volunteers. As Kathleen McCarthy notes, Progressive social welfare reforms "were also the epitaph for the . . . volunteer,"2 as well as for local initiative.3 Although these developments brought inarguable improvements in social welfare provisions for poor and troubled people, they also set in motion a problem that persists to this day the discouragement and resultant disengagement of communities in battling their social problems. This paper describes one casualty of the professionalism of social welfarethe African-American self-help tradition in caring for dependent children in Chicago. The beliefs by white social welfare professionals that blacks held outmoded policy preferences, that they could not manage programs, and that they could not manage money thwarted efforts from the black community for legitimation and public support of their services. The subsequent loss of AfricanAmerican agencies left black children entirely dependent on poorly funded and understaffed public facilities. Although the development of public responsibility was in some ways a gain for black children, as it was for others, black children uniquely lacked access to private, not-for-profit services once the public institution was established. Moreover, the demise of African-American agencies also meant the demise of some important service principles in caring for AfricanAmerican children that were not to be rediscovered until much later.
On the Impact of Gamelan on the Music Style of Debussy's "Pagoda"

Many Gamelan characteristics are represented in "Pagoda".It is safe to say that the Oriental Gamelan music inspired Debussy,provided him with materials for composition,and opened to him a new door of music.Oriental style impressionism music was thus born.Gamelan music contributed to the development of the impressionism music.
Nanoconjugated NAP as a Potent and Periphery Selective Mu Opioid Receptor Modulator To Treat Opioid-Induced Constipation.

Opioids are the mainstay for cancer and noncancer pain management. However, their use is often associated with multiple adverse effects. Among them, the most common and persistent one is probably opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Periphery selective opioid antagonists may alleviate the symptoms of OIC without compromising the analgesic effects of opioids. Recently our laboratories have identified one novel lead compound, 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4′-pyridyl)acetamido]morphinan (NAP), as a peripherally selective mu opioid receptor ligand carrying subnanomolar affinity to the mu opioid receptor and over 100-folds of selectivity over both the delta and kappa opioid receptors, with reasonable oral availability and half-life, and potential to treat OIC. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are now widely considered due to their technological advantages such as good stability, high carrier capacity, low therapeutic side effects, etc. Herein we report nanoparticle supported NAP as...
Interpersonal Style and Hypothetical Treatment Choice Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

ABSTRACTIndividual differences between women victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) may account for whether they choose to seek treatment and what kind of treatment they might prefer. Recent research has highlighted the importance of interpersonal warmth and dominance on women’s response to IPV, although this has not yet been extended to area of treatment choice in the aftermath of IPV victimization. In this study, we examined the association between interpersonal warmth and dominance on four choices of hypothetical treatment (individual therapy only, medication only, combined therapy and medication, and no treatment) in a sample of young adult women victimized by IPV (N = 117). Results indicated that the majority of women would choose therapy (with or without medication) and that interpersonal warmth was negatively associated, and dominance positively associated, with a preference for medication only. These findings extend previous research on both treatment choice and interpersonal style within t...
Thought experiments in personal identity: A dialogue with Beck, Wagner and Wilkes

In a recent series of papers, Beck and Wagner have been arguing about the general role that thought experiments can play in the debate on personal identity, showing their disagreement about the fam...
Petrography and stable isotope geochemistry of Oligocene-Miocene continental carbonates in south Texas: Implications for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment near sea-level

Abstract Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the southern Texas Gulf Coastal Plains contain abundant continental carbonates that are useful for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in a region near sea-level. Our field observations and thin section characterizations of the Oligocene and Miocene continental carbonates in south Texas identified three types of pedogenic carbonates, including rhizoliths, carbonate nodules, and platy horizons, and two types of groundwater carbonates, including carbonate-cemented beds and carbonate concretions, with distinctive macromorphologic and micromorphologic features. Based on preservations of authigenic microfabrics and variations of carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions, we suggest these carbonates experienced minimal diagenesis, and their stable isotopic compositions reflect paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in south Texas. Our Oligocene and Miocene carbonate clumped isotope temperatures (T(Δ47)) are 23–28 °C, slightly less than or comparable to the range of modern mean annual and mean warm season air temperature (21–27 °C) in the study area. These T(Δ47) values do not show any dependency on carbonate-type, or trends through time suggesting that groundwater carbonates were formed at shallow depths. These data could indicate that air temperature in south Texas was relatively stable since the early Oligocene. The reconstructed paleo-surface water δ18O values are similar to modern surface water which could indicate that meteoric water δ18O values also remained stable since the early Oligocene. Mean pedogenic carbonate δ13C values increased ~ − 4.6‰ during the late Miocene, most likely reflecting an expansion of C4 grassland in south Texas. This study provides the first mid- and late Cenozoic continental records of paleoclimate and paleoecology in a low-latitude, near sea-level region.
Intracranial hemorrhage due to brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma. Case report

The authors report a case of repeated brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a 70-year-old male, who had underwent liver segmentectomy for HCC 5 years earlier. He developed intracerebral hemorrhage in the right parietal region, which was considered to be intratumoral because the metastatic tumor was detected in the same region. Total removal of the tumor and hepatic artery embolization followed by ethanol injection for recurrent HCC were performed. One month later, a metastatic tumor was discovered in the upper vermis and was totally removed. Both metastatic brain tumors were histologically verified as Edmondson grade 2 HCC. Four months later, multiple metastases to the left frontal region and the upper vermis occurred, and he died of pneumonia. Brain metastasis from HCC is rare; nine such cases have been reported in the literature, of which eight cases developed intracranial hemorrhage as in the present case.
The impact of participation in an inclusive adventure education trip on group dynamics.

The purpose of this ethnographic case study was to understand the impact of participation in an inclusive 3-day rock climbing trip on the group dynamics of seven participants ages 10–14 years that ...
Blocking antibodies induced by peanut oral and sublingual immunotherapy suppress basophil activation and are associated with sustained unresponsiveness

Background Oral and sublingual immunotherapies for peanut allergy have demonstrated efficacy in small clinical trials; however, mechanisms and biomarkers correlating with clinical outcomes remain elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated a role for IgG in post-OIT plasma in the suppression of IgE-mediated mast cell reactions. Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the role that peanut oral and sublingual immunotherapy-induced plasma factors play in the inhibition of ex vivo basophil activation and whether inhibitory activity is associated with clinical outcomes. Methods Plasma samples from subjects on placebo, peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) or peanut sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), and IgG-depleted plasma or the IgG fraction were incubated with sensitized basophils, and the inhibition of basophil activation following stimulation with peanut extract was measured. Basophil inhibition results were compared between the two routes of immunotherapy, time on treatment and clinical outcomes. Results Plasma from subjects after 12 months of active peanut OIT, but not placebo, inhibits basophil activation ex vivo. Depletion of IgG abrogated the blocking effect of OIT plasma, while the IgG fraction substantially blocked basophil activation. Basophils are inhibited to a similar extent by undiluted OIT and SLIT plasma; however, diluted OIT plasma from the time of desensitization challenge inhibited basophils more than diluted SLIT plasma from time of desensitization challenge. Plasma from subjects who experienced sustained unresponsiveness following OIT inhibited basophils to a greater extent than plasma from subjects who were desensitized, but this was not true for SLIT. Conclusions and clinical relevance Peanut immunotherapy induces IgG-dependent functional changes in plasma that are associated with OIT but not SLIT clinical outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms of peanut OIT and SLIT may help derive informative biomarkers.
Upward Departures from Structured Recommendations in Juvenile Court Dispositions: The Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

Much prior research has examined racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile court interventions, and the evidence suggests that minority youth are sanctioned more harshly than similarly situated Whi...
Bias-aware guidelines and fairness-preserving Taxonomy in software engineering education

This innovative practice work in progress paper tackles the problem of unfairness and bias in software, that recently has emerged in countless cases. This unfairness can be present in the way software makes its decision or can limit the software functionalities to work only with certain populations. Well-known examples of this problem are the Microsoft Kinect facial recognition algorithm, which does not work properly with darker skin players, and the software used in 2016 by Amazon.com to determine the parts of the United States to which offer free same-day delivery that made decisions that prevented minority neighborhoods from participating in the program. The reasons behind these phenomena have often roots in the fact that software is created by humans who are biased and live in biased and non-inclusive environments. Recent research from the software engineering community is starting to tackle this problem at many levels from requirements analysis to the new automatic fairness testing technique (proposed first at FSE 2017 conference). However, research in bias of software is still a very undervalued and rarely discussed problem as software is often seen as a product immune to bias and non-inclusivity. This problem will be not addressed unless software engineering educators start to include this notion as a first-class problem in their foundation courses to future generation of scholars. In this work, we propose a set of bias-aware guidelines and taxonomy on how to flesh out this problem and possible solutions to it in software engineering curricula.
Changing Philosophies in Camping

(1941). Changing Philosophies in Camping. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 300-338.