cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder Linkage Mechanism:The Key For the Sustainable Development of Western New Rural Cooperatives Medical Care System

The effective operational mechanism is mainly decided by the three essential factor optimum compositions of the main body,the organization and the system.Since new rural cooperative medical service system is government mandatory-led supply system in the experiment stage,farmers lack the right to participate in decision-making just as the implementation of the passive system to cope with.In the crucial period of the transition from the experimental period to the standard movement of the new rural cooperative medical care system,As the main elements,the stimulating restraint mechanism is the breakthrough,driving four main body coordination linkage mechanism——the construction of medical service organization,the senate farmer,medical insurance organization,and the government to effectively mobilize the farmers,main body,to realize the new rural cooperative medical service system's high efficient movement.
Giving a Brief Account of the Study of "The Study of the Catalogue of Complete Collection in Four Treasuries"

Viewing the study of General Catalogue for the Complete Collection of Four Treasuries as a systematic learning is helpful for the development of the study of General Catalogue for the Complete Collection of Four Treasuries.In addition,since the study of General Catalogue for the Complete Collection of Four Treasuries had been over two hundred years,it is time for it to become a system.So the article aims to give a four-stage brief account of the over-two-hundred-year study of General Catalogue for the Complete Collection of Four Treasuries under the systematic learning.
Peritoneal macrophages and infertility: the association between cell number and pelvic pathology

Increased numbers of peritoneal macrophages have been repeatedly associated with infertility. Because the factors contributing to this intraperitoneal exudate are unknown, this study was carried out to determine which anatomic or endocrinologic abnormalities in infertile women might be associated with an increase in leukocyte numbers. The peritoneal fluid from 103 women was analyzed. Nonparametric data analysis demonstrated significantly greater cell counts in infertile women with endometriosis, compared with other infertile women ( P P
Legal Policies in Conflict: The Gay Panic Defense and Hate Crime Legislation

ABSTRACTGay panic refers to a situation in which a heterosexual individual loses control and commits a violent crime against a gay individual when faced with unwanted sexual advances. In court, it is argued the defendant was provoked, defending himself from possible gay rape, or even became temporarily unable to distinguish right from wrong. Despite use in many trials across the country, with varying degrees of success, the conceptualization has little merit based upon its psychological roots. Rather, the strategy appears to rely primarily upon antigay stereotypes. Counteracting gay victimization is the emergence of hate crime laws, enhancing punishments for offenders who unfairly target this group of individuals. However, the use of the gay panic defense appears to be juxtaposed to hate crimes, advocating for less severe punishments of those perpetuating crimes against gay individuals. Legal implications, possible trial strategy, and future research and legislative proposals are offered for cases involvi...
The structure of richetite, a rare lead uranyl oxide hydrate

The structure of richetite, approximate formula M x Pb (sub 8.57) [UO 2 ) 18 O 18 (OH) 12 ] 2 (H 2 O) 41 , Z = 1, triclinic, a 20.9391(3), b 12.1000(2), c 16.3450(3) Aa, alpha 103.87(1), beta 115.37(1), gamma 90.27(1) degrees , V 3605.2 Aa 3 , space group P1, has been solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to an agreement factor (R) of 8.9% and a goodness-of-fit (S) of 1.79 using 12,383 unique observed reflections (F o >4sigma F ) collected with MoKalpha X-radiation and a CCD (charge-coupled device) area detector. The structure contains 36 unique U (super 6+) positions, each of which is part of a near-linear (U (super 6+) O 2 ) (super 2+) uranyl ion that is further coordinated by five (O, OH-) anions, forming pentagonal bipyramids. The uranyl polyhedra share edges to form symmetrically distinct but topologically identical alpha -U 3 O 8 -type sheets at z nearly equal 0.25 and z nearly equal 0.75. Although alpha -U 3 O 8 -type sheets of uranyl polyhedra occur in several structures, the richetite sheets are unique in their arrangement of OH (super -) anions. There are 13 partially occupied unique Pb (super 2+) sites, two octahedrally coordinated M sites that may contain Fe (super 3+) or other cations, and 41 unique H 2 O groups in two distinct interlayers at z nearly equal 0 and z nearly equal 0.5. Both the Pb (super 2+) and M cations link to uranyl-ion O-atoms from adjacent sheets, and thus provide linkage of the sheets to the interlayer constituents. An extensive network of H bonds provides additional linkage.
Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen isotopic composition of ammonia at U.S. ammonia monitoring network sites

Abstract Ammonia (NH3) emissions and ammonium (NH4+) deposition can have harmful effects on the environment and human health but remain generally unregulated in the U.S. PM2.5 regulations require that an area not exceed an annual average PM2.5 value of 12 μg/m3 (averaged over three years), and since NH3 is a significant precursor to PM2.5 formation these are the closest indirect regulations of NH3 emissions in the U.S. If the U.S. elects to adopt NH3 emission regulations similar to those applied by the European Union, it will be imperative to first adequately quantify NH3 emission sources and transport, and also understand the factors causing varying emissions from each source. To further investigate NH3 emission sources and transport at a regional scale, NH3 was sampled monthly at a subset of nine Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) sites and analyzed for nitrogen isotopic composition of NH3 (δ15N-NH3). The observed δ15N-NH3 values ranged from −42.4 to +7.1‰ with an average of −15.1 ± 9.7. The observed δ15N-NH3 values reported here provide insight into the spatial and temporal trends of the NH3 sources that contribute to ambient [NH3] in the U.S. In regions where agriculture is prevalent (i.e., U.S. Midwest), low and seasonally variable δ15N-NH3 values are observed and are associated with varying agricultural sources. In comparison, rural nonagricultural areas have higher and more seasonally consistent δ15N-NH3 values associated with a constant “natural” (e.g. soil, vegetation, bi-directional flux, ocean) NH3 source. With regards to temporal variation, the peak in U.S. spring agricultural activity (e.g. fertilizer application, livestock waste volatilization) is accompanied by a decrease in δ15N-NH3 values at a majority of the sites, whereas higher δ15N-NH3 values in other seasons could be due to shifting sources (e.g. coal-fired power plants) and/or fractionation scenarios. Fractionation processes that may mask NH3 source signatures are discussed and require further investigation to optimize the utility of the nitrogen isotopic composition to determine NH3 sources and dynamics.
Mistreatment of medical students in the third year may not be the problem.

Mistreatment and abuse of medical students has been recognized as a significant problem in medical schools. We believe, however, that the problem of mistreatment has been viewed incorrectly. This m...
Erratum to “endothelin receptor expression in the normal and injured spinal cord: potential involvement in injury-induced ischemia and gliosis”: [Exp. Neurol. 180 (2003) 1–13]☆

a Department of Preventive Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA b Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA c Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA d Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA e Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, P.O. Box 670575, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Vaccination: Usually Unrelated:

With the rapid pace of immunologic research, it is more important than ever for readers to understand rational immunodiagnosis, immunoprophylaxis, and immunotherapy. This column is intended to help...
Craniofacial Manifestations of Systemic Disorders: CT and MR Imaging Findings and Imaging Approach

Familiarity with the imaging findings of maxillofacial manifestations of systemic disorders is important for earlier recognition of underlying conditions, prevention of complications, and improved patient outcomes.
Character evolution and missing (morphological) data across Asteridae.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Our current understanding of flowering plant phylogeny provides an excellent framework for exploring various aspects of character evolution through comparative analyses. However, attempts to synthesize this phylogenetic framework with extensive morphological data sets have been surprisingly rare. Here, we explore character evolution in Asteridae (asterids), a major angiosperm clade, using an extensive morphological data set and a well-resolved phylogeny. METHODS We scored 15 phenotypic characters (spanning chemistry, vegetative anatomy, and floral, fruit, and seed features) across 248 species for ancestral state reconstruction using a phylogenetic framework based on 73 plastid genes and the same 248 species. KEY RESULTS Iridoid production, unitegmic ovules, and cellular endosperm were all reconstructed as synapomorphic for Asteridae. Sympetaly, long associated with asterids, shows complex patterns of evolution, suggesting it arose several times independently within the clade. Stamens equal in number to the petals is likely a synapomorphy for Gentianidae, a major asterid subclade. Members of Lamianae, a major gentianid subclade, are potentially diagnosed by adnate stamens, unilacunar nodes, and simple perforation plates. CONCLUSIONS The analyses presented here provide a greatly improved understanding of character evolution across Asteridae, highlighting multiple characters potentially synapomorphic for major clades. However, several important parts of the asterid tree are poorly known for several key phenotypic features (e.g., degree of petal fusion, integument number, nucellus type, endosperm type, iridoid production). Further morphological, anatomical, developmental, and chemical investigations of these poorly known asterids are critical for a more detailed understanding of early asterid evolution.
Biochemistry of Hematopoiesis

Transcription factors are key mediators of hematopoiesis. During development, SCL and GATA-2 direct formation of the hemangioblast, and RUNX1 subsequently specifies adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are maintained by TEL, MLL, and c-Myb and also give rise to the megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor under direction of GATA-1 or to the lymphoid–myeloid progenitor (LMP) under direction of PU.1. GATA-1 together with EKLF, SCL, and NF-E2 further specify the erythroid lineage, whereas RUNX1 along with the Ets factors Fli-1 and ERG direct megakaryopoiesis. Lymphoid specification is initiated from the LMP by Ikaros. Subsequent B-cell development is mediated by EBF, E2A, Pax-5, and PU.1; with T-cell development occurring under direction of GATA-3 and Notch-1. RUNX1 contributes to CTL and Treg formation. C/EBPα initiates myelopoiesis from the LMP. C/EBPα increases PU.1 expression, zippers with AP-1 proteins, and cooperates with Egr-1 and ERK signals induced by M-CSF or other cytokines to direct monopoiesis. Alternatively, C/EBPα cooperates with Gfi-1, RARα, C/EBPe, STAT3, NF-κB p50, and increased SHP2 activity induced by G-CSF to mediate granulopoiesis. Coexpression of C/EBPα and GATA-2 in GMP specifies the eosinophils, basophils, and mast cell lineages dependent on their order of expression. Monocytes generate macrophages, osteoclasts, or myeloid dendritic cells.
Hintikka’s Theory of Questions

Jaakko Hintikka’s contribution to the theory of questions has been an important one, not only because it has extended one approach to the logic of questions but also because it has stimulated much work in other areas. Hintikka has cross-fertilized the areas of epistemic logic and erotetic logic, and has argued persuasively that results in erotetic logic are relevant to the theory of English grammar.1 Hintikka’s views about questions, including his view that there is only one proper way to analyze them, have had considerable influence on linguists.2
An Integrative Brief Treatment Approach for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

This article reports on the integrated application of cognitive therapy, transactional analysis techniques, and the behavioral technique of response prevention using self-instructional training and behavioral substitution in a brief therapy approach. These methods were applied in the case of a young man who presented with compulsions to perform repetitive and ordering rituals with the belief that it would prevent his girlfriend from becoming pregnant. A 21-year-old white male who had performed 3 to 5 hours of rituals daily for several years was able to eliminate the majority of his compulsive behaviors and reduce his level of anxiety after eight clinical therapy sessions. Results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The clear precipitating factors and the unusual maintaining variables for the disorder in the client are described. The author discusses the case in light of current theoretical, therapeutic, and biomedical understandings of the disorder.
Anthropology and Human Geography

The explorations of the nineteenth century generated a wealth of new information on the world that could not be accommodated within the traditional academic disciplines. This required moving beyond classical models of presentation and interpretation. A number of new, mainly social sciences emerged, with geography being the first among them. But the accumulating ethnographic materials remained a Cinderella until Ratzel turned to the complexity of human culture in his ethnographic compendium (1886–88) and in volume 2 of his anthropogeography text (1891). Ratzel, rather than the Boasian anthropology of Kroeber, provided many of the structures for Sauer and the ‘Berkeley tradition’, with its emphasis on material culture, culture hearths, and historical diffusion. During the 1960s, the work of Brookfield and his anthropological colleagues on New Guinea led to a different reunion of geography and anthropology, in the form of cultural and political ecology. Some human geographers have found a renewed interest in ethnography. Similarly, as geoarchaeology, geographers have engaged with archaeology to examine the impact of human activities in space and time. How have processes such as degradation been perceived and managed in different cultures? How are ‘conclusions’ about cause-and-effect relationships drawn, given environmental, social, and political factors that favor similar outcomes? How does one distinguish mismanagement from the impact of extreme weather or shifting climate that may cause, precondition, or trigger soil erosion? Geoarchaeology may help interpret environmental history as well as assess scenarios for long-term change or sustainability.
Nanty Glo, Pennsylvania

The Ebandjieff Clinic sits on a small street in the center of Nanty Glo, Pennsylvania. A one-story brick building with white trim, it was built in 1949. The miners in town contributed the money to build the clinic, paying a nickel from each paycheck at the end of every day. Nanty Glo was a small coal-mining town back then, and the mining company did everything. They built the houses, owned the company store, brought in the doctors, and provided health care. Dr. George Ebandjieff, who had arrived in town from the Ukraine a year earlier, had promised the miners that they would have health care forever if they built this clinic. And he kept his promise until he died in 1973.
In Vivo Assessment of Exercise-Induced Glenohumeral Cartilage Strain.

Background:The human shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body. While in vivo shoulder kinematics under minimally loaded conditions have been studied, it is unclear how glenohumeral carti...
Harmonic Performance of Mixer-First Receivers With Circulant-Symmetric Basebands

In this paper, we analyze a mixer-first receiver, which includes passive polyphase mixers, low-noise baseband amplifiers, and baseband circulant-symmetric polyphase feedback. This analysis is performed for input frequencies located around any harmonic frequency of the local oscillator. From this, circuits and methods are introduced, which allow control of the receiver’s harmonic input impedance through the use of resistive–capacitive ( $RC$ ) baseband feedback networks. We show that the harmonic input admittance of the mixer-first receiver is related to the discrete Fourier transform of the baseband circulant. This Fourier relationship allows control of the harmonic impedance response across frequencies. The noise figure of the receiver with circulant-symmetric feedback can approach that of an equivalent mixer-first receiver having harmonic feedforward cancelation without the additional power consumption of a cancelation stage. Harmonic impedance shaping can improve the blocker tolerance by decreasing the harmonic conversion gain. A single design can be reconfigured to use these techniques for fundamental-frequency or subharmonic operation. Derivations for impedance, conversion gain, and noise figure are included and a linear time-invariant circuit model is introduced. These are validated through circuit simulation using a combination of 45-nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology and behavioral baseband models.
Toward lead halide perovskite-based intermediate band absorbers

Lead halide perovskites allow easy access to the long minority carrier lifetimes and diffusion lengths desirable for traditional photovoltaics. We explore the extent to which these semiconductors may be translated to a substitutionally-doped intermediate band absorber. We computationally and experimentally explore the substitution of transition metals on the Pb site of MAPbX3 (MA = methylammonium, X = Br or CI) to achieve a tunable density of states within the parent gap. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the existence of intermediate bands upon Co incorporation as do an experimentally observed sub-gap absorption confirmed by UV -visible-NIR absorption spectroscopy.
Genotype Differences in Sensitivity to the Anticonvulsant Effect of the Synthetic Neurosteroid Ganaxolone during Chronic Ethanol Withdrawal.

Abstract Sensitivity to anticonvulsant effects of the γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor-active neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) during ethanol withdrawal varies across genotypes, with high sensitivity in genotypes with mild withdrawal and low sensitivity in genotypes with high withdrawal. The present studies determined whether the resistance to ALLO during withdrawal in mouse genotypes with high handling-induced convulsions (HICs) during withdrawal could be overcome with use of ganaxolone (GAN), the metabolically stable derivative of ALLO. In separate studies, male and female Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP-1) and DBA/2J (D2) mice were exposed to air (controls) or 72-h ethanol vapor and then were scored for HICs during withdrawal (hourly for the first 12 h, then at hours 24 and 25). After the HIC scoring at hours 5 and 9, mice were injected with 10 mg/kg GAN or vehicle. Area under the HIC curve (AUC) for hours 5–12 was analyzed. In control WSP-1 mice, GAN significantly reduced AUC by 52% (males) and 63% (females), with effects that were absent or substantially reduced during withdrawal. In contrast, GAN significantly reduced AUC in both control and ethanol-withdrawing male and female D2 mice. AUC was decreased by 81% (males) and 70% (females) in controls and by 35% (males) and 21% (females) during withdrawal. The significant anticonvulsant effect of GAN during withdrawal in D2 but not WSP-1 mice suggests that different mechanisms may contribute to ALLO insensitivity during withdrawal in these two genotypes. Importantly, the results in D2 mice suggest that GAN may be a useful treatment for ethanol withdrawal-induced seizures.
Improving User Trust on Deep Neural Networks Based Intrusion Detection Systems

Deep Neural Networks based intrusion detection systems (DNN-IDS) have proven to be effective. However, in domains like critical infrastructure security, user trust on the DNN-IDS is imperative and high accuracy isn't sufficient. The black-box nature of DNNs hinders transparency of the DNN-IDS, which is necessary for building trust. The main objective of this work is to improve user trust by improving transparency of the DNN-IDS by making it more communicative. This paper presents a methodology to generate offline and online feedback to the user on the decision making process of the DNN-IDS. Offline, the user is reported the input features that are most relevant in detecting each type of intrusion by the trained DNN-IDS. Online, for each detection, the user is reported the inputs features that contributed most to the detection. The presented method was implemented on the KDD-NSL dataset with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) based DNN-IDS. Binary and multi-class classification was carried out on the dataset. Further, several DNN-IDS architectures with different depth were tested to study the factors that drive classification. It was observed that despite showing very similar accuracy results, the factors that drove the decisions were different across architectures. This evidences that the qualitative analysis that is enabled through reporting relevant input features is important for the user to make a more informed decision in choosing a DNN-IDS. This online and offline feedback leads to improving the transparency of the DNN-IDS and helps build trust prior to and during deployment.
Treatment disparities among patients in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) with clinical TIa and TIb renal masses.

648Background: AUA guidelines on the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recommend prioritizing partial nephrectomy (PN) for the treatment of clinical T1a (cT1a) tumors, using PN for clinical ...
FR01-17 DOMINIQUE-JEAN LARREY: THE FATHER OF MODERN MILITARY SURGERY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:The management of wounded soldiers on the battlefield has always been a challenge. While the Byzantine army had corpsmen who were paid for each rescued casualty, there w...
Dealing with Shame: Saudi Mothers’ Responses to Their Children’s Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a disorder affecting individuals’ academic, communication, and social development. The findings of this qualitative study report 15 Saudi mothers’ responses to their children’s diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and provide insights into mothers’ experiences and responses to stigma in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Autism in Saudi Arabia: Present Realities and Future Challenges by Mona F. Sulaimani & Dianne M. Gut is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://rdsjournal.org. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://www.rds.hawaii.edu.
DISTINCT ROLES for Rap1b In PLATELET SECRETION and INTEGRIN aIIBb3 OUTSIDE-In SIGNALING

Abstract Abstract 2200 Rap1b is activated by platelet agonists, and plays a critical role in integrin aIIbb3 inside-out signaling and platelet aggregation. In this study, we identify two novel functions of Rap1b in platelets. We show that agonist-induced Rap1b activation plays an important role in stimulating secretion of platelet granules. We also show that aIIbb3 outside-in signaling can activate Rap1b, and integrin outside-in signaling-mediated Rap1b activation is important in facilitating platelet spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction. Rap1b deficient platelets had diminished ATP secretion and P-selectin expression induced by thrombin or collagen. Defect in secretion of Rap1b deficient platelets was not due to reduced granule contents, because the amount of serotonin (5HT) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) in Rap1b deficient platelets is similar to that in wild type platelets. Data from transmission electron microscopy indicate that under resting conditions, wild type and Rap1b deficient platelets had normal discoid shapes with similar numbers of granules. When stimulated with thrombin, wild type platelets showed an irregular appearance with protruding filopodia and lack of granules. In contrast, thrombin-stimulated Rap1b−/– platelets showed that more Rap1b−/– platelets contained visible a granules than wild type platelets. Dense granules were also more obvious in thrombin-stimulated Rap1b−/– platelets than wild type platelets. Importantly, addition of low doses of ADP and/or fibrinogen restored aggregation of Rap1b deficient platelets. Furthermore, we found that Rap1b was activated by platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, a process that was not affected by P2Y12 or TP deficiency, but was inhibited by the selective Src inhibitor PP2, the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220, or the calcium chelator demethyl-BAPTA. Clot retraction was abolished, and platelet spreading on fibrinogen was diminished in Rap1b deficient platelets compared with wild type controls. The defects in clot retraction and spreading on fibrinogen of Rap1b deficient platelets were not rescued by addition of MnCl2, which elicits aIIbb3 outside-in signaling in the absence of inside-out signaling. Thus, our results reveal two different activation mechanisms of Rap1b as well as novel functions of Rap1b in platelet secretion and in integrin aIIbb3 outside-in signaling. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Deep learning of biosonar landmarks for navigation in forest environments

Many bat species live in densely vegetated habitats which pose challenges to their biosonar systems. Among these challenges, the problem of identifying prey in clutter has received the most attention. Here, the far less well-studied problem of landmark identification in forest environments has been investigated. To this end, a large data set of about 220 000 foliage echoes has been collected along different tracks located in forested area. The echoes were recorded using a biomimetic sonarhead with flexible noseleaf and pinnae modeled on the periphery of horseshoe bats. Low-dimensional representations of these foliage echoes were created with the encoder portion of a variational autoencoder deep neural network architecture. The feature vectors obtained in this manner were subjected to clustering to determine whether the echo recordings exhibited continuous variability or fell into discernible clusters. The data silhouettes indicate the presence of a small number of distinguishable clusters in the echo data. Furthermore, mapping the assigned cluster labels to the geographical coordinates of the respective echo recordings revealed that different tracks were characterized by a different “fingerprints” of echo classes. Hence, these fingerprints could be a hypothetical basis for biosonar-based navigation in forest environments.Many bat species live in densely vegetated habitats which pose challenges to their biosonar systems. Among these challenges, the problem of identifying prey in clutter has received the most attention. Here, the far less well-studied problem of landmark identification in forest environments has been investigated. To this end, a large data set of about 220 000 foliage echoes has been collected along different tracks located in forested area. The echoes were recorded using a biomimetic sonarhead with flexible noseleaf and pinnae modeled on the periphery of horseshoe bats. Low-dimensional representations of these foliage echoes were created with the encoder portion of a variational autoencoder deep neural network architecture. The feature vectors obtained in this manner were subjected to clustering to determine whether the echo recordings exhibited continuous variability or fell into discernible clusters. The data silhouettes indicate the presence of a small number of distinguishable clusters in the echo data...
SONET: a semantic ontological network graph for managing points of interest data heterogeneity

Scalability, standardization, and management are important issues when working with very large Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). VGI is a rich and valuable source of Points of Interest (POI) information, but its inherent heterogeneity in content, structure, and scale across sources present major challenges for interlinking data sources for analysis. To be useful at scale, the raw information needs to be transformed into a standardized schema that can be easily and reliably used by data analysts. In this work, we tackle the problem of unifying POI categories (e.g. restaurants, temple, and hotel) across multiple data sources to aid in improving land use maps and population distribution estimation as well as support data analysts wishing to fuse multiple data sources with the OpenStreetMap (OSM) mapping platform or working with projects that are already configured in the OSM schema and wish to add additional sources of information. Graph theory and its implementation through the SONET graph database, provides a programmatic way to organize, store, and retrieve standardized POI categories at multiple levels of abstraction. Additionally, it addresses category heterogeneity across data sources by standardizing and managing categories in a way that makes cross-domain analysis possible.
Preoperative Heparin For Lung Cancer Resection Increases Risk Of Reoperation For Bleeding

Lung cancer patients are at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Preoperative heparin administration may increase the risk of bleeding requiring reoperation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperative heparin's effect on reoperation for bleeding. A retrospective review compared outcomes for patients undergoing pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer from January 2006 to April 2018. Preoperative heparin was administered at the discretion of the attending surgeon. Comparisons were performed between preoperative subcutaneous heparin (5000 U) and no heparin groups. A total of 3325 lung resections were reviewed, 1.4% (n = 48) required reoperation for bleeding. VTE occurred in 1.1% (n = 38). Four hundred sixty-four patients (14.0%) did not receive preoperative heparin. The preoperative heparin group had increased rates of prior thoracic surgery (5.1% [n = 146] vs 1.7% [n = 8], P
Effects of β-boswellic acids on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate-induced inflammation, arachidonic acid metabolism and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in mouse ears

1401 An extract of gum resin exudate from the stem of the plant Boswellia serrata has been used as an herbal medicine for centuries in India for the treatment of inflammation, arthritic pain, and other inflammatory related diseases. Recent studies have confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory properties of this extract and have shown that its derivatives induce differentiation and apoptosis of many different cancer cell types. However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of this extract in animal models of carcinogenesis. In the current study, anti-inflammatory properties of the four major active constituents of Boswellin extract, β-Boswellic acid (BA), 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid (ABA), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA), and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-basowellic acid AKBA, were tested for efficacy against the potent tumor promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). A single topical application of TPA (1.5 nmol) on the ears of CD-1 mice rapidly induced a linear increase in ear edema to a maximum within 4-6 hours. Topical application of TPA (0.8 nmol) once a day for 4 days induced persistent inflammation in ears and inflammation persisted linearly for 4-5 days with up-regulation of cytokine IL-1β and IL-6 protein levels in ear tissues. Topical application of individual BA, ABA, KBA and AKBA (10 μmol) 30 min before TPA treatment inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears with the following efficacy: KBA>AKBA>ABA>BA. Topical application of AKBA (0.5 µmol) 10 min prior to each TPA treatment once a day for 4 days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-6 protein levels. RT-PCR analysis showed that AKBA reduced expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA. TPA-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-10 was blocked by addition of AKBA, as were inflammatory genes including cyclooxygenase-2 and ornithine decarboylase. Expression of pro-survival and proliferative genes was enhanced by AKBA treatment following TPA exposure; bcl-2, bad, c-myc, and catalase were all stimulated. AKBA enhanced TPA-induced formation of PGE2 levels and inhibited TPA-induced LTB4 levels in ear tissue. By blocking the lipoxygenase metabolism pathway and up-regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, AKBA may possess anti-inflammatory activities. (Supported by CA93798 and CA100994).
Arrest history and psychopathology among veterans at risk for suicide.

While preliminary evidence suggests an association between legal involvement and suicide risk among veterans, no research to date has explored the prevalence and/or correlates of legal involvement among veterans at high risk for suicide. The current study examined the relation of suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and psychopathology to history of criminal arrest in a sample of 286 veterans at risk for suicide. Results indicated approximately half (47%) of at-risk veterans had a history of arrest. Inconsistent with hypotheses, arrest history was not associated with history of suicide attempt, current suicidal ideation, or severity of psychopathological symptoms. Arrest history was, however, associated with diagnoses of substance use disorder and antisocial personality disorder in this high-suicide risk sample. Further, likelihood of an antisocial personality disorder diagnosis was associated with higher frequency of past arrests. Taken together, results indicate that many veterans at risk for suicide have a history of arrest, and at-risk veterans with such history likely have a specific pattern of psychopathology, including antisocial personality traits and substance use. As such, legal status and history of justice involvement may be important considerations when assessing suicide risk and management of this high-risk population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Distinctiveness and significance of body dissatisfaction and overvaluation among Latinx/Hispanic and White men and women.

Objective To examine the distinctiveness and significance of two body image constructs, dissatisfaction with weight and shape and overvaluation of weight and shape, with respect to eating disorder psychopathology, weight, and depression in White and Latinx/Hispanic men and women. Methods Participants were White (n = 1,941) and Latinx/Hispanic (n = 568) adults living in the United States who completed an online battery of established measures of body image, eating disorder psychopathology and behaviors, and depression. Results Two body image constructs, dissatisfaction with weight and shape and overvaluation of weight and shape, were related to each other but showed some important distinctions in their associations with eating- and weight-related variables. Significantly greater proportions of White than Latinx/Hispanic individuals reported co-occurring dissatisfaction and overvaluation, and significantly greater proportions of Latinx/Hispanic than White individuals reported dissatisfaction alone. Ethnicity moderated the association of dissatisfaction and overvaluation with body mass index (BMI), and the association of overvaluation with depression. Ethnicity also had a main effect on binge-eating frequency. Conclusions Dissatisfaction and overvaluation were distinct among both Latinx/Hispanic and White individuals. However, associations with eating- and weight-related variables varied between ethnicities, suggesting a need for further research on the influence of cultural variables on body image and eating disorder psychopathology.
Human Emotion Recognition using Physiological Signals: A Survey

Human emotions are one of the ways to express our feelings. Affective Computing originates from the study of human emotions. Over the years, psychologists have developed various emotional models to explain the emotional or affective states of humans. Affective Computing uses various models of emotion and machine learning algorithms to classify emotions. Machine Learning enables computers to learn from the training datasets and classify new input, thus it can be effectively used to teach computers to understand human emotions. This paper focuses on a survey of human emotion recognition using physiological signals related to the human body like Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Respiration (RSP), Skin Temperature (SKT), etc. and also their advantages and disadvantages. It also describes challenges in physiological sensing for Affective Computing.
Predicting thermal and mechanical performance of stochastic and architected foams

Abstract This study conducted pore-scale simulations to estimate the stagnant thermal conductivity and mechanical performance of stochastic metal foams and architected metal foams. The stagnant thermal conductivity of 5-, 10-, 20- and 40-ppi commercial aluminum foams were estimated to be 6.74, 6.49, 5.97, and 7.16 W/m/K, respectively. Thermal conductivity depended mainly on porosity and was not a strong function of pore size. The pore-scale models simulated thermal conductivities of 40-ppi Al foam along three orthogonal directions are 7.16, 7.92, and 7.56 W/m/K, respectively, indicating a strong isotropic nature. Compared with stochastic foams, the architected foam with a triply periodic minimal surface showed 103% higher thermal conductivity, 488% higher stiffness, and 265% more energy absorption capability. The findings reported here not only provide a fundamental understanding of the interplay between performance and architecture but also open a new avenue to create multifunctional foams.
Investigating the toxicology of intramuscular injected multiwalled carbon nanotubes conjugated antibody (CNT-Ab) in mice followed by microwave hyperthermia

Carbon nanotubes bound to tumor specific antibodies offer specific treatment for cancer cells without affecting surrounding tissue. The present study seeks to affirm the initial results of CNTs in ...
Cognitive Impairment and Dementia After Stroke: Design and Rationale for the DISCOVERY Study

Stroke is a leading cause of the adult disability epidemic in the United States, with a major contribution from poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID), the rates of which are disproportionally high among the health disparity populations. Despite the PSCID's overwhelming impact on public health, a knowledge gap exists with regard to the complex interaction between the acute stroke event and highly prevalent preexisting brain pathology related to cerebrovascular and Alzheimer disease or related dementia. Understanding the factors that modulate PSCID risk in relation to index stroke event is critically important for developing personalized prognostication of PSCID, targeted interventions to prevent it, and for informing future clinical trial design. The DISCOVERY study (Determinants of Incident Stroke Cognitive Outcomes and Vascular Effects on Recovery), a collaborative network of thirty clinical performance clinical sites with access to acute stroke populations and the expertise and capacity for systematic assessment of PSCID will address this critical challenge. DISCOVERY is a prospective, multicenter, observational, nested-cohort study of 8000 nondemented ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients enrolled at the time of index stroke and followed for a minimum of 2 years, with serial cognitive evaluations and assessments of functional outcome, with subsets undergoing research magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography and comprehensive genetic/genomic and fluid biomarker testing. The overall scientific objective of this study is to elucidate mechanisms of brain resilience and susceptibility to PSCID in diverse US populations based on complex interplay between life-course exposure to multiple vascular risk factors, preexisting burden of microvascular and neurodegenerative pathology, the effect of strategic acute stroke lesions, and the mediating effect of genomic and epigenomic variation.
Proof-of-concept for a segmented composite diving suit offering depth-independent thermal protection.

Heat loss is a major health hazard for divers. It can lead to hypothermia, organ damage, unconsciousness, and eventually death. Hence, thermal protection is essential for diver safety. Typically, protection is provided by wetsuits made of bubbled neoprene. However, neoprene shrinks with depth and loses thermal insulation capability, while thick neoprene suits make swimming exhausting. Herein, a proof-of-concept is presented for a solution to both problems: a 'K-suit' made of thermally-resistive composite segments attached to a thin neoprene suit. The segments are made of hollow glass microspheres embedded in carrier polymer thermally cured in 3D-printed molds based on 3D-scans of the diver's body. The K-suit was compared in field trials with a 7 mm commercial neoprene suit by diving in pairs, while automated dataloggers registered pressure and temperature inside and outside both suits. The K-suit demonstrated +4oC higher temperature difference than the 7 mm neoprene. Also, divers reported that the K-suit had the ergonomics of a 3 mm neoprene suit. These preliminary results represent a proof-of-concept for the K-suit and promise further improvements with potential impact on diver safety.
The Incidence of COVID-19 Patients in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Purpose The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has resulted in widespread changes to healthcare practices across the United States. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of COVID-19 patients in the oral-maxillofacial surgery setting in order to help guide perioperative protocols during the pandemic. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, predictor variables (presence of preoperative symptoms on presentation, patient age, patient gender, patient race, hospital location, and presence of statewide stay-at-home orders) were examined with outcome variables (SARS-CoV-2 test results) over 10 months between March 2020 and December 2020 for patients undergoing surgical procedures in the operating room by the following Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Departments: - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (Baton Rouge, LA) - University of Illinois at Chicago (Chicago, IL) - University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Houston, TX) Data analysis included Fisher exact tests to compare categorical variables across COVID test groups and Wilcoxon rank sum tests to compare continuous covariates. Two-sample tests of proportions were used to compare observed COVID-19 positivity rates to other study results. Results Out of 684 patients in 3 institutions, 17 patients (2.5%, 95% CI = 1.5 to 4.0%) tested positive for COVID-19 over a 10 month interval (March 1, 2020- December 31, 2020). The majority of patients that tested positive were asymptomatic in the preoperative setting (P-value = .09). They were significantly more likely to be African-American (P-value = .015) and less likely to have a stay-at-home order present at the time of surgery (P-value = .033). Age, gender, and hospital location did not play a statistically significant role. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a 2.5% incidence of COVID-19 infection in the total population of patients undergoing scheduled oral-maxillofacial surgeries in 3 major healthcare systems across the United States. This data may help inform perioperative protocols and infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Numerical characterization of quasi-steady thermal load for thin crystal at cryogenic temperature with nondiffusive heat transfer

With dramatically improved brightness and repetition rate, the thermal load for crystal optics in x-ray free-electron laser applications has also significantly increased. To mitigate the thermal load, one effective method is cryogenic cooling. However, the emerging nondiffusive heat transfer phenomenon at cryogenic temperature may cause design failure if overlooked. To evaluate the optical performance of thin crystal optics under thermal load at cryogenic temperature, an integrated numerical tool is presented and applied to characterize the thermal load on thin crystals with nondiffusive phenomena accounted. Significant thermally induced distortion of the rocking curve is observed from numerical simulation, leading to potential seed power reduction in hard x-ray self-seeding application. Cryogenic cooling is confirmed necessary by simulation to handle the thermal load at high repetition rate operation.
Behavioural Medicine Group Intervention for High-Utilising Somatising Patients

Objective: To determine the clinical effectiveness of a standardised behavioural medicine group intervention when implemented by different group leaders in 7 geographically diverse healthcare organisations (HCOs). Design: This study used longitudinal data collected for quality assurance purposes. Patients were asked to complete questionnaires measuring presenting problems (Initial Health Status questionnaire), health and functional status [Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36)], and physical [Medical Symptom Check List (MSCL)] and psychological distress [Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)]. Intervention: The Personal Health Improvement Program™ (PHIP) designed to treat somatising high utilisers of general medical services. Participants: Patients enrolled in PHIP courses at 7 different HCOs. Complete data were collected from 1194 patients before the course, 787 immediately after the course and 467 at a 6-month follow-up. 39% of patients who finished the course completed questionnaires at all 3 time-points (times 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Of the 467 patients who provided data at all points, complete information was obtained for 356 patients (the study sample). Main outcome measures and results: Patients’ symptoms of anxiety, depression, hostility and somatisation, as well as overall psychological distress improved (p ≤ 0.001) after the course and at follow-up as determined by repeated measures by group analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results were similar for health status (SF-36), with significant improvements in all of the functional health measures between time 1 and time 3. The majority of participants completing the PHIP reported long term reductions in patterns of distress commonly associated with high levels of medical utilisation. Participants also reported improvements in functional status. In addition, the value of the programme was highly rated by participants. Conclusions: Despite the lack of a control group, the consistency of these findings across the sites are likely to be due to the clinical effectiveness of the course content. The PHIP is an effective and standardised programme, which can be taught to leaders in a short period of time and implemented across very different sites to different populations.