cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
T-cell receptor V alpha and C alpha alleles associated with multiple and myasthenia gravis.

Abstract Polymorphic markers in genes encoding that alpha chain of the human T-cell receptor (TcR) have been detected by Southern blot analysis in Pss I digests. Polymorphic bands were observed at 6.3 and 2.0 kilobases (kb) with frequencies of 0.30 and 0.44, respectively, in the general population. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, we amplified selected sequences derived from the full-length TcR alpha cDNA probe. These PCR products were used as specific probes to demonstrate that the 6.3-kb polymorphic fragment hybridizes to the variable (V)-region probe and the 2.0-kb fragment hybridizes to the constant (C)-region probe. Segregation of the polymorphic bands was analyzed in family studies. To look for associations between these markers and autoimmune diseases, we have studied the restriction fragment length polymorphism distribution of the Pss I markers in patients with multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Graves disease. Significant differences in the frequency of the polymorphic V alpha and C alpha markers were identified between patients and healthy individuals.
Structural features of the L-argininamide-binding DNA aptamer studied with ESI-FTMS.

The 24-mer DNA aptamer of Harada and Frankel (Harada, K.; Frankel, A. D. EMBO J. 1995, 14, 5798−5811) that binds l-argininamide (l-Arm) was studied by electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS). This DNA folds into a stem and loop such that the loop is able to engulf l-Arm. As controls, two derivatives of the same base composition, one with the same stem but a scrambled loop and the other with no ability to form a secondary structure, were studied. The two DNAs that could fold into stem−loop structures showed a more negatively charged distribution of ions than the linear control. This tendency was preserved in the presence of ligand; complexes expected to have more secondary structure had ions with more negative charges. Distinct species corresponding to no, one, and two bound l-Arm molecules were observed for each DNA. The fractional peak intensities were fit to a straightforward binding model and binding constants were obtained. Thus, ESI-FTMS can provide both qualitative and...
Management of ‘refractory’ skin disease in patients with lupus erythematosus

Skin disease in patients with lupus erythematosus can be subdivided into two broad categories—those lesions that, when biopsied, demonstrate an interface dermatitis and those that do not demonstrate an interface dermatitis. The skin lesions that are represented by the interface dermatitis include discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Many patients with these cutaneous lesions can be managed with ‘standard' therapies, including sunscreens, protective clothing and behavioral alteration, and topical corticosteroids with or without an oral antimalarial agent. These standard therapies are often not used appropriately, resulting in a situation in which the patient is felt to have refractory disease. This chapter discusses these therapies and defines what is meant by refractory disease and how the author approaches these patients
Substance use disorders in patients with chronic pain: The role of temperament in successful treatment

Patients with chronic pain and comorbid substance use disorders are at significantly greater risk for failure to achieve a successful outcome of either improved pain or improved function. This effect may be seen indirectly as well by the exclusion of patients with substance use disorders from many treatment trials for chronic pain disorders. The implication that substance abusers are more likely to be nonadherent to the treatment protocol and thus fail the therapy is clear. In practice, the presence of a substance use disorder in a patient’s medical record may influence the decisions of physicians regarding candidacy for particular therapies, such as corrective surgical procedures, medications with abuse potential, or relatively scarce high-cost technologies that require long-term commitments for follow-up. Pain management physicians may find patients with personality disorders difficult to treat. A model for the genesis and perpetuation of substance use disorders in patients with chronic pain that would refine treatment principles can be elucidated for this complicated population by including information about the patient’s temperament. This paper will outline the utility of examining temperament and how this information serves to transform the expectation of chronic pain treatment to one with a more therapeutically optimistic outcome.
Effect of ATP depletion on the isolated thick filament of limulus striated muscle

With the dynamic light scattering method, we have shown that calcium ions increase the high-frequency internal motions of isolated thick filaments of Limulus striated muscle in the presence of ATP (Kubota, K., B. Chu, Shih-fang Fan, M.M. Dewey, P. Brink, and D. Colflesh. J. Mol. Biol. 1983. 166:329 and Fan, S.-f., M.M. Dewey, D. Colflesh, B. Gaylinn, R. Greguski, and B. Chu. Biophys. J. 1985. 47:809). If ATP is removed from the suspending medium, an increase of high-frequency internal motions also has been observed with characteristics different from those of filaments suspended in a medium containing ATP and calcium ions. These internal motions appear whether calcium ions are present or not and are suppressed by trifluoperazine (TFP). The motions differ from the calcium ion-induced motions in that (a) an energy supply is not required; (b) they are insensitive to heat treatment (42 degrees C, 10 min) and (c) they are also insensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride which blocks the motions in the presence of ATP and calcium ions (Fan, Shih-fang, M.M. Dewey, D. Colflesh, B. Gaylinn, R. Greguski, and B. Chu. 1985. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 827:101). Electron micrographs of negatively stained thick filaments in an ATP-free medium show that the majority of crossbridges extend out from the backbone of the filament and optical diffraction patterns from these filaments lack layer lines arising from the crossbridges. The flexibility of the thick filaments suspended in ATP-free media increases.
Evolution of women's trauma‐integrated services at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

In this article a historical overview of the evolution of the Women's Trauma Integrated Services model at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is presented. Milestones in women's services policy development at SAMHSA (1992–1998) and in trauma treatment development for four different trauma populations (1960–1998) are discussed. SAMHSA's 5-year Women, Co-Occurring Disorders and Violence Study (1998–2003) is described, and the rationales for a number of basic decisions about the study design are presented. New knowledge application initiatives and plans at SAMHSA to further develop the Women's Trauma Integrated Services Model are outlined. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 379–393, 2005.
GONADOTROPHIN RESPONSES TO GnRH PULSES IN HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM: LH RESPONSIVENESS IS MAINTAINED IN THE PRESENCE OF LUTEAL PHASE CONCENTRATIONS OF OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

SUMMARY LH pulse secretion changes during the menstrual cycle from a rapid regular pattern in the follicular phase to a slower and irregular pattern in the luteal phase. To determine whether the irregular LH pulse pattern in the luteal phase reflects altered GnRH secretion or altered pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, we gave low dose GnRH pulses (25 ng/kg i.v.) every 2 h or every hour for 10 or 12 d to three women with isolated GnRH deficiency. After 4 d of GnRH alone, oestradiol (E2) was given and after 6 d progesterone (P) was added to mimic the hormonal milieu of the luteal phase. LH and FSH were measured every 4 h throughout and also every 20 min for 6 or 12 h, before and after GnRH alone (day 0 and day 4), after E2 (day 6), and after E2+P (day 10 and day 12). Both GnRH pulse frequencies resulted in a rapid increase in plasma FSH to peaks on day 4 (every 2 h) and day 2 and 3 (every hour). FSH concentrations then declined as plasma E2 rose to 50-80 pg/ml reflecting the selective inhibitory effect of E2 on FSH release. Plasma LH was also increased after the hourly GnRH injections and this regimen was associated with a more rapid rise in E2 reflecting follicular maturation. In contrast to the differences in mean hormone concentrations, administration of GnRH at both frequencies resulted in sustained one-on-one responsiveness of LH that was maintained in the presence of both oestrogen and progesterone at mid-luteal phase concentrations. We conclude that the slow frequency of LH pulses observed during the luteal phase reflects decreased GnRH pulse frequency rather than impaired pituitary responsiveness to GnRH.
Identification of a wagging vibrational mode of water molecules at the water/vapor interface.

An improved time correlation function description of sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was applied to theoretically describe the water/vapor interface. The resulting spectra compare favorably in shape and relative magnitude to extant experimental results in the $\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ stretching region of water. Further, the SFG spectra show a well-defined intermolecular mode at $875\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ that has significant intensity. The resonance is due to a wagging mode localized on a single water molecule. It represents a well-defined population of water molecules at the interface that, along with the free $\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ modes, represent the dominant interfacial species.
Calculation of demagnetizing field by means of FFT

Abstract The demagnetizing field due to magnetization prescribed on a set of Cartesian mesh points in a flat film is solved by means of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). First, the magnetization and the magnetostatic potential are Fourier transformed over planes parallel to the film. Integration of the boundary value problem for the potential in the transform functional space is then carried out across the thickness facilitated by a recurrence formula. Finally, the demagnetizing field may be Fourier represented.
Surface study of liquid water treated and water vapor treated Mg2.35Ni alloy

Abstract Magnesium nickel alloy (Mg2.35Ni) has been considered an excellent hydrogen storage medium because it has a high hydrogen capacity, forms a very stable hydride, is inexpensive, and it presents no environmental hazards. One of the major problems associated with the use of Mg2.35Ni alloy for hydrogen storage is its initial activation for hydrogen uptake. Earlier work in this laboratory showed that treatment of Mg2.35Ni with either liquid water or water vapor, activates the alloy for hydrogen up-take. In the present study, the surface modification of Mg2.35Ni by liquid water and water vapor is characterized. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy suggest the presence of Mg(OH)2 on the surface. It is believed that this is the first report showing the presence of hydroxides on the surface of an active hydrogen storage alloy.
Sex Offender Treatment: A Six-Month To Ten-Year Follow-Up Study

In an attempt to assess the effectiveness of a community-based sex offender treatment program, questionnaires were sent to 153 former male patients. It was expected that only the 110 patients who had completed or almost completed treatment would return questionnaires. A total of 61 patients returned the form. Program components utilized during treatment were analyzed and data on current offending urges were obtained. The patterns and characteristics patients had before and after treatment were analyzed for behavioral changes as well as recidivism. Recidivism data were self-report as well as computer checked in cooperation with the state law enforcement agency. Retrospective review shows clinical improvement by most patients in all areas of treatment. Recidivism rate for the entire population (n=153) was 3.7%. This preliminary study indicates that a significant number of treatment modalities are effective for outpatient sex offenders.
Normal pyruvate oxidation in Friedreich ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease fibroblasts.

Abstract Partial defects in activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex have been described by some investigators in cell lines from Friedreich ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patients. Methylene blue was used to stimulate the rate of pyruvate oxidation in two different assay systems of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cultured human fibroblasts to determine if such partial defects, if present, could be detected in a stimulated assay system. Cell lines from normal controls, five patients with Friedreich ataxia, six related persons with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and four unaffected relatives of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patients were studied. Although methylene blue (at a concentration of 25 μmol/l) significantly increased pyruvate oxidation in both assay systems and in all cell lines studied, no significant differences in pyruvate oxidation could be demonstrated between the control cells and either the Friedreich ataxia or Charcot-Marie-Tooth cell lines.
Genetic Heterozygosity in Natural Populations of the Tree-Hole Mosquito Aedes triseriatus

Electrophoretic analysis of 18 enzyme loci in local populations of the tree-hole mosquito Aedes triseriatus (Say) from northwestern Indiana and southwestern Michigan revealed that genetic variability in these populations was quite extensive. The average heterozygosity (H) was 21.5%, and the proportion of polymorphic loci based on Criteria I and II was 0.720 and 0.495, respectively. The average genetic identity (I) was 0.994. Comparisons between oak and beech populations showed no tendency toward differentiation between oak and beech ecotypes.
Conformational Dynamics of Amyloid β-Protein Assembly Probed Using Intrinsic Fluorescence†

Formation of toxic oligomeric and fibrillar structures by the amyloid ‚-protein (A‚) is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To facilitate the targeting and design of assembly inhibitors, intrinsic fluorescence was used to probe assembly-dependent changes in A‚ conformation. To do so, Tyr was substituted in A‚40 or A‚42 at position 1, 10 (wild type), 20, 30, 40, or 42. Fluorescence then was monitored periodically during peptide monomer folding and assembly. Electron microscopy revealed that all peptides assembled readily into amyloid fibrils. Conformational differences between A‚40 and A‚42 were observed in the central hydrophobic cluster (CHC) region, Leu 17 -Ala 21 . Tyr 20 was partially quenched in unassembled A‚40 but displayed a significant and rapid increase in intensity coincident with the maturation of an oligomeric, R-helix-containing intermediate into amyloid fibrils. This process was not observed during A‚42 assembly, during which small decreases in fluorescence intensity were observed in the CHC. These data suggest that the structure of the CHC in A‚42 is relatively constant within unassembled peptide and during the self-association process. Solvent accessibility of the Tyr ring was studied using a mixed solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide/water) system. (Tyr 40 )A‚40, (Tyr 30 )A‚42, and (Tyr 42 )A‚42 all were relatively shielded from solvent. Analysis of the assembly dependence of the site- specific intrinsic fluorescence data suggests that the CHC is particularly important in controlling A ‚40 assembly, whereas the C-terminus plays the more significant role in A‚42 assembly.
Study of bimetallic corrosion related to Cu interconnects using micropattern corrosion screening method and Tafel plots

On-chip microscopic corrosion, originating from contact of dissimilar metals, can cause serious reliability issues for integrated circuits and microelectromechanical devices. A new micropattern corrosion screening method combined with Tafel plots were employed to study Cu bimetallic corrosion in acid and base solutions relevant to the chemical–mechanical planarization process. The results demonstrated that Cu corrosion on Ru is much more severe compared to Cu corrosion on Ta substrates. Tafel plots confirm the nobility trend of Ru > Cu > Ta. The micropattern corrosion study shows the Cu bimetallic corrosion depends on specific chemicals and bimetallic contacts. Strong complexing ligands like NH3 combined with energetically favorable Cu/Ru bimetallic contact promote faster Cu corrosion under alkaline conditions (9 ≤ pH ≤ 11.4). Micropattern corrosion screening was shown to be useful in identifying the metastable surface layer during Cu corrosion and determining the optimal benzotriazole concentration for Cu corrosion inhibition.
In situ observation of methoxide hydrogenation on the Ni(111) surface

The surface chemistry of methoxide (CH3O-) on the Ni(111) surface has been studied in the presence of hydrogen pressures up to 2 Torr. During heating in vacuum methoxide decomposes to H2 and CO, which desorb at 380 and 445 K, respectively. The CH3O-decomposition process is rate limited by C―H bond breaking and exhibits a strong deuterium kinetic isotope effect in CD3O-. In the presence of ambient hydrogen pressures of 0.02–2.0 Torr both CH3O- and CD3O-are hydrogenated directly to methanol at ≈ 310 K. Methoxide is hydrogenated by adsorbed hydrogen, which nearly saturates the surface at these pressures and temperatures.
PAH degradation by UV/H2O2 in perfluorinated surfactant solutions.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) solubilized in perfluorinated surfactant (PFS) solutions were degraded by direct photolysis and UV/H2O2 process. The subsequent recovery and reuse of these surfactant solutions were also demonstrated. Phenanthrene and pyrene were selected as representative PAHs and an anionic PFS; ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) was used. In our experiments, micellar APFO solutions retarded the phenanthrene photolysis and enhanced the pyrene photolysis. The results indicate that the photochemical reactivity of compound in micelles is strongly dependent on specific properties of the solubilizate, possibly due to the different excited state behaviors of compound. UV/H2O2 process exhibits a greatly enhanced rate of PAH photolysis in both water and APFO compared to direct photolysis, indicating that hydroxyl radicals may be generated or penetrated at the sites of PAHs solubilized in the micelles. Additionally, a smaller rate enhancement by UV/H2O2 in micelles than in water suggests that micelles provide some degree of protection from hydroxyl radical attack. The possibility of recovery and reuse of PFS has been demonstrated by measuring the solubilizing capacity of APFO after direct photolysis and UV/H2O2 process. Overall, this study demonstrates UV/H2O2 process can be an effective treatment method for not only PAH degradation but also surfactant recovery and reuse.
Application of the Bernreuter Inventory of Personality to Highly Intelligent Adolescents

(1937). Application of the Bernreuter Inventory of Personality to Highly Intelligent Adolescents. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 287-293.
Tracheobronchial glomus tumor

Glomus tumors are uncommon. A review of the literature for tracheobronchial glomus tumors revealed 13 tracheal glomus tumors. The diagnosis may be elusive and so the true incidence of tracheobronchial glomus tumors may be greater than that reported. Three of the 14 glomus tumors were initially believed to be carcinoid. Glomus tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis of tracheobronchial tumors.
Well-intended policies

Market failures provide a rationale for policy intervention. But policies are often hard to alter once in place. We argue that this inertia can result in well-intended policies having sizable negative long-run effects on aggregate output and productivity. In our theory, financial frictions provide a rationale for providing subsidized credit to productive entrepreneurs to alleviate the credit constraints they face. In the short run, such targeted subsidies have the intended effect and raise aggregate output and productivity. In the long run, however, individual productivities mean-revert while individual-specific subsidies remain fixed. As a result, entry into entrepreneurship is distorted: The subsidies prop up entrepreneurs that were formerly productive but are now unproductive, while impeding the entry of newly productive individuals. Therefore aggregate output and productivity are depressed. Our theory provides an explanation for two empirical observations on developing countries: idiosyncratic distortions that disproportionately affect productive establishments, and temporary growth miracles followed by growth failures.
Effect of dietary fiber on intestinal transit times in operated patients with familial polyposis

The effect of dietary fiber supplementation on whole gut transit time in the absence of an intact large bowel is not known. To address this question, 39 patients who had undergone a total colectomy and ileorectal anastamosis for familial polyposis were studied. Treatment arms in a controlled chemoprevention trial consisted of a placebo low-fiber supplement (2 g fiber/day) with or without vitamins or a high-fiber bran supplement (22 g fiber/day) with vitamins. Whole gut transit time was measured by an oral carmine marker, which was administered before and 4–6 weeks after beginning the fiber supplement. Pretreatment median whole gut transit time was 9.7 ± 9.1 hr (interquartile range; IQR), and the mean daily frequency of bowel movements was four ± two (IQR). After introduction of the treatment fiber, the median intestinal transit in the low-fiber group (n=26) was 8.5 ± 6.7 hr (IQR), and in the high-fiber group (n=13) median transit was 8.0 ± 6.8 hr (IQR). There was no difference in the final transit times, nor between the initial and subsequent measurements between the groups. Addition of dietary fiber increased slightly the frequency of bowel movements to a median of six per day. These results indicate that dietary fiber does not affect transit in the stomach and small intestine.
A Constituency-Based Support Model for Delivering Information Services

An information services organization based on individual constituent groups, instead of defined physical collections and technologies, encourages a broader, more effective, and innovative use of varying information and technology services for academic libraries. Such a model also provides more focused and clearly defined positions and procedures to ensure high-quality support to all constituents.
Agitation During Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation at a Long-Term Acute Care Hospital Risk Factors, Treatments, and Outcomes

Introduction:The prevalence, risk factors, treatment practices, and outcomes of agitation in patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in the long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) setting are not well understood. We compared agitation risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes between patients who developed agitation and those who did not, in LTACH patients undergoing PMV.Methods:Patients admitted to an LTACH for PMV over a 1-year period were categorized into agitated and nonagitated groups. The presence of agitation risk factors, management strategies, and relevant outcomes were extracted and compared between the 2 groups.Results:A total of 80 patients were included, 41% (33) with agitation and 59% (47) without. Compared to the nonagitated group, the agitated group had a lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (P < .0006), a greater transfer rate from an academic center (P = .05), a greater delirium frequency at both baseline (P = .04) and during admission (P < .001), and ...
Mechanism of Enhancement of Virus Plaques by Cationic Polymers

It has been assumed that plaque enhancement by cationic polymers is due to their binding of sulfated polysaccharides in agar. However, viruses that are enhanced by cationic polymers, diethylaminoethyl-dextran, and protamine were found not to be inhibited by polyanions in agar under the usual overlay conditions. In the case of adenovirus, enhancement by protamine seems to be due to the protamine serving as a source of arginine; enzymes released from the cultured cells digest the protamine and provide a reservoir of arginine for the cells. Other viruses (herpes and echovirus types 3, 4, 5, and 6) known to be susceptible to agar inhibitors were found to be enhanced by cationic polymers even under starch gel and methylcellulose overlays, which are free of polyanions. Since cationic polymers enhance the diffusion of virus through agar or starch gel, plaque enhancement seems to be the result of the gel becoming positively charged so that viruses can move effectively through them. The observation that starch gel and methylcellulose enhance plaque formation with viruses known to be inhibited under agar was also reinvestigated. When the consistency of the agar gel was reduced to the same viscosity of starch gel and methylcellulose overlays, the same plaque counts and sizes were observed under all three overlays.
The 3-Minute Emergency Medicine Medical Student Presentation: A Variation on a Theme

Oral presentations are a critical element in the communication of medical knowledge between students and faculty, but in most locations, the amount of time spent on teaching the oral presentation is minimal. Furthermore, the standard oral presentation does not work well within the emergency medicine (EM) setting, due to time constraints and the different principles that make EM a unique specialty. This article provides a suggested approach on how to educate students on optimal oral presentations in EM, as well as providing a link to an online guide instructing medical students how to give oral presentations.
BSFQ: bin sort fair queueing

Existing packet schedulers that provide fair sharing of an output link can be divided into two classes: sorted priority and frame-based. Sorted priority methods provide excellent approximation for weighted fair queueing (WFQ) while frame-based methods are more computationally efficient. We present a new packet scheduling algorithm called bin sort fair queueing (BSFQ) that combines the strengths of both type of schedulers. As a result, BSFQ is highly scalable and can provide very good approximation for WFQ. We prove that BSFQ can provide end-to-end delay and fairness guarantees to conformant flows. BSFQ also has a built-in buffer management function that can protect packets of conformant flows from nonconformant traffic. The performance of BSFQ and its ability to detect nonconformant flows are studied using simulations and compared to those of the deficit round robin method.
Hyper-switch: a scalable software virtual switching architecture

In virtualized datacenters, the last hop switching happens inside a server. As the number of virtual machines hosted on the server goes up, the last hop switch can be a performance bottleneck. This paper presents the Hyper-Switch, a highly efficient and scalable software-based network switch for virtualization platforms that support driver domains. It combines the best of the existing I/O virtualization architectures by hosting device drivers in a driver domain to isolate faults and placing the packet switch in the hypervisor for efficiency. In addition, this paper presents several optimizations that enhance performance. They include virtual machine (VM) state-aware batching of packets to mitigate the costs of hypervisor entries and guest notifications, preemptive copying and immediate notification of blocked VMs to reduce packet arrival latency, and, whenever possible, packet processing is dynamically offloaded to idle processor cores. These optimizations enable efficient packet processing, better utilization of the available CPU resources, and higher concurrency. We implemented a Hyper-Switch prototype in the Xen virtualization platform. This prototype's performance was then compared to Xen's default network I/O architecture and KVM's vhost-net architecture. The Hyper-Switch prototype performed better than both, especially for inter-VM network communication. For instance, in one scalability experiment measuring aggregate inter-VM network throughput, the Hyper-Switch achieved a peak of ∼81 Gbps as compared to only ∼31 Gbps under Xen and ∼47 Gbps under KVM.
Validation of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory multiple myeloma module.

The symptom burden associated with multiple myeloma (MM) is often severe. Presently, no instrument comprehensively assesses disease-related and treatment-related symptoms in patients with MM. We sought to validate a module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) developed specifically for patients with MM (MDASI-MM). The MDASI-MM was developed with clinician input, cognitive debriefing, and literature review, and administered to 132 patients undergoing induction chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. We demonstrated the MDASI-MM’s reliability (Cronbach α values); criterion validity (item and subscale correlations between the MDASI-MM and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC MM module (QLQ-MY20)), and construct validity (differences between groups by performance status). Ratings from transplant patients were examined to demonstrate the MDASI-MM’s sensitivity in detecting the acute worsening of symptoms post-transplantation. The MDASI-MM demonstrated excellent correlations with subscales of the 2 EORTC instruments, strong ability to distinguish clinically different patient groups, high sensitivity in detecting change in patients’ performance status, and high reliability. Cognitive debriefing confirmed that the MDASI-MM encompasses the breadth of symptoms relevant to patients with MM. The MDASI-MM is a valid, reliable, comprehensive-yet-concise tool that is recommended as a uniform symptom assessment instrument for patients with MM.
Inactivation of internalized Salmonella Typhimurium in lettuce and green onion using ultraviolet C irradiation and chemical sanitizers.

Aims: The internalized human pathogens in fresh produce are not effectively removed during conventional washing, and therefore, it may cause foodborne illness when the produce is consumed raw. Thus, effective nonthermal processes are needed to prevent this risk. Methods and Results: Green fluorescence protein-tagged Salmonella Typhimurium was either sprayed on the surface of iceberg lettuce or injected into the bottom part (bulb) of green onions to induce bacterial internalization. The contaminated vegetables were collected after 2 days and subjected to surface disinfection. Different fluencies of UV-C radiation (75–900 mJ cm 2 ) and two fluencies of UV-C (450, 900 mJ cm 2 ) combined with chlorine and peracetic acid (PAA) were applied to the produce to examine the inactivation efficiency of internalized bacteria. A range of 196–252 log reduction in the internalized Salmonella was achieved when the lettuce was treated with higher UV-C fluency (150, 450, 900 mJ cm 2 ) or UV-C combined with chemical disinfectants. Significant reduction (100–149 log CFU g 1 ) in internalized Salmonella was observed in green onion treated with UV-C with the fluency of 150 or 900 mJ cm 2 or UV-C-chlorine/PAA. No significant reduction was observed in either lettuce or green onion treatments when chlorine or PAA was used alone. The food quality measured with firmness was not changed during any treatments. However, a slight colour change was observed in lettuce only when UV-C was used at 900 mJ cm 2 . Conclusion: High fluency UV-C can significantly inactivate the internalized Salmonella in lettuce and green onion while maintaining the food quality. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research provides applicable research outcomes for developing nonthermal methods to inactivate internalized pathogens in fresh produce.
A Novel Fluorescence-based Genetic Strategy Identifies Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Defective for Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large proteinaceous portals for exchanging macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Revealing how this transport apparatus is assembled will be critic...
The PhD program in information systems at UCLA

The authors consider the PhD program in information systems at the John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA. They describe its origins and history; aims and philosophy; current status and structure; research past and present; and plans for the future. They give special attention to those opportunities and constraints which shape its direction. >
On Finite Model Theory (Extended Abstract)

The subject of this paper is the part of finite model theory intimately related to the classical model theory. In the very beginning of our career in computer science, we attended a few lectures on database theory where databases were inconspicuously allowed to be infinite and then classical model-theoretical theorems were applied. The use of infinite databases aroused our suspicion and prompted us to investigate the status of some most famous model-theoretical theorems in the case of finite structures [Gu84]. The theorems miserably fail. One theorem (a theorem of Roger Lyndon: Every sentence monotone in a predicate P is logically equivalent to a sentence positive in P [Ly59]) resisted the attack and was refuted by Miklos Ajtai and ourselves later [AG87]. In Section 1, we give some old and new counter-examples to classical mo del-theoretic theorems in the finite case.
In vitro and in vivo effects of promethazine hydrochloride on human uterine contractility

Abstract 1. In vitro inhibitory effect of promazine hydrochloride on the myometrium from the uteri of pregnant and nonpregnant patients has been confirmed. 2. In vivo promazine also decreases uterine activity, the changes being in the amplitude and frequency of the contractions. No change in tonus was noted.
Information-theoretic dialog to improve spatial-semantic representations

We propose an algorithm that enables robots to improve their spatial-semantic representation of an environment by engaging users in dialog during a guided tour. The algorithm selects the best information gathering actions in the form of targeted questions that reduce the ambiguity over the grounding of user-provided natural language descriptions (e.g., “The kitchen is down the hallway”). These questions include those that query the robot's local surround (e.g., “Are we in front of the kitchen?”) as well as areas distant from the robot (e.g., “Is the lounge near the conference room?”). Our algorithm treats dialog as an optimization problem that seeks to balance the information-theoretic value of candidate questions with a measure of cost associated with dialog. In this manner, the algorithm determines the best questions to ask based upon the expected entropy reduction, while accounting for the burden on the user. We evaluate entropy reduction for a joint distribution over a hybrid metric, topological, and semantic representation of the environment learned from user-provided descriptions and the robot's sensor data during the guided tour. We demonstrate that, by asking deliberate questions of the user, the method significantly improves the accuracy of the learned map.
The Language of Healing: Women's Voices in Healing and Recovering From Domestic Violence

Little is known about the course of recovery or healing from intimate partner violence. Shelter-based interventions are limited and frequently end before traumatized women can adequately reconstruct social and personal identity. Based on the belief that healing from relationship violence is a social, spiritual, cultural, and psychological process, we designed a group treatment approach that discouraged repetitive disclosure about the history of abuse and that used holistic, integrative, and alternative healing approaches such as prayer, meditation, yoga, creative visualization, and art therapy. Structured interviews and focus groups were used to engage the women in articulating a conceptualization of healing from domestic violence. The Post-traumatic Checklist was used as a pre and posttest measure to assess the group's effectiveness. Positive quantitative and qualitative results were obtained and are presented. Implications for further research are also discussed.
Potential groundwater and heterogeneous heat source contributions to ice sheet dynamics in critical submarine basins of East Antarctica

We present the results of two numerical models describing contributions of groundwater and heterogeneous heat sources to ice dynamics directly relevant to basal processes in East Antarctica. A two-phase, one-dimensional hydrothermal model demonstrates the importance of groundwater flow in vertical heat flux advection near the ice-bed interface. Typical, conservative vertical components of groundwater volume fluxes (from either topographical gradients or vertically channeled flow) on the order of ±1–10 mm/yr can alter vertical heat flux by ±50–500 mW/m2 given parameters typical for the interior of East Antarctica. This heat flux has the potential to produce considerable volumes of meltwater depending on basin geometry and geothermal heat production. A one-dimensional hydromechanical model demonstrates that groundwater is mainly recharged into saturated, partially poroelastic (i.e., vertical stress only; not coupled to a deformation equation) sedimentary aquifers during ice advance. During ice retreat, groundwater discharges into the ice-bed interface, which may contribute to water budgets on the order of 0.1–1 mm/yr. We also present an estimated map of potentially heterogeneous heat flow provinces using radiogenic heat production data from East Antarctica and southern Australia, calculated sedimentary basin depths, and radar-derived bed roughness. These are overlaid together to delineate the areas of greatest potential effect from these modeled processes on the ice sheet dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Fetal Interests, Fetal Persons, and Human Goods

The geography of the debate concerning practices destructive of the youngest members of the human species is by now rather well worked out. Of the questions to be answered, there is first the following: are you, the readers of this essay, and I, the author, and others substantially like us, essentially human beings, living biological organisms of the species Homo sapiens? Or are we some other kind of entity, a person, perhaps, or a mind, a brain, or a soul? This is a question of metaphysics.1
Reducing criminal recidivism with an enhanced day reporting center for probationers with mental illness

ABSTRACTOffenders with mental illness (OMI) represent a significant portion of the community corrections population (e.g., probation, parole) for whom innovative interventions that target criminal recidivism must be assessed. This retrospective, quasi-experimental study compared recidivism outcomes of OMI probationers discharged from an enhanced day reporting center (DRC) with a comparable sample of probationers matched by propensity score (N = 227). Cox proportional hazard regressions demonstrated that participants of the DRC were significantly less likely to be reconvicted after discharge from the program, 2(2, N = 227) = 5.9, p = .02. Furthermore, DRC completers demonstrated a 40% reduction in risk of reconviction postdischarge compared to the matched sample.
Government Protection of Domestic Communications as National Defense: Assessing Canadian Government Policies

In the nominal interest of promoting a national identity and a stronger federation, a range of public policies have been implemented by the Canadian government to encourage and facilitate cross-subsidization in the Canadian telecommunications and broadcasting industries. The main policy instruments involve government regulations and foreign ownership restrictions that contribute to higher revenues for domestic producers of communication services than would otherwise be realized. The quid pro quo is that domestic telecommunications carriers and broadcasters must undertake costly and unprofitable actions that involve subsidizing activities such as rural telephone services and “Canadian entertainment content.” Unfortunately, there is little evidence that the relevant policies promote the goal of strengthening Canada’s national identity. Furthermore, they are inefficient, as well as nontransparent. The fact that several other countries, particularly France, have lauded Canadian content regulations as a “model...
A Comparison Between High- and Low-Energy Ion Mixing

Diffusion in a thermal spike is shown to be the dominant mechanism for both high-and low-energy ion mixing. The similarity between high- and low-energy ion mixing is the result of the fractal nature of collision cascades.
Immunoreactivity of Insulin Antibodies in Insulin-treated Diabetics: Significance of the Beta-chain Carboxyterminal Amino Acid (B-30) of Insulin

We investigated the immunoreactivity of the carboxyterminal amino acid residue of the beta-chain of insulin using sera from 22 insulin-resistant and 51 nonresistant diabetic patients. We used three insulins, human, porcine, and desalaninated porcine, which differ only at the B-30 amino acid residue. The binding of 125 I-human and 125 I-desalanine porcine insulins with antibodies was reduced compared with that of 125 lporcine insulin. Two-thirds of the insulin-resistant sera differentiated porcine and desalanine porcine insulins and had lower avidities for the latter. Most of these sera had lower affinities for human insulin compared with other insulins. The antibodies that bind with 125 I-desalanine porcine insulin showed equal avidities for the human and unmodified porcine insulins. Five insulin-resistant patients had been treated with the commercial desalanine (dalanated) porcine insulin. One had a prompt reduction in insulin requirements, and three others needed reduced maintenance dosages. Sera of these four cases, but not of the nonresponder, had lower avidities for desalanine porcine insulin compared with porcine insulin. These observations indicate that the amino acid alanine at the B-30 position in the insulin molecule can influence the immunoreactivity of insulin antibodies in human sera, and may be a potential immune determinant.
A "hopeless" patient.

The title of this case scenario is emphatically appropriate because it describes the intense feelings that obese patients and those with difficult, chronic lifestyle issues evoke in their physicians. The author aptly describes feelings and reactions such as frustration, cynicism about the patient's motivations and hopelessness about the ability to cure a problem that he or she perceives as belonging more to the patient than to the physician.
Visually Evoked Potentials

Visually evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded from occipital scalp are extracted from the electroencephalogram (EEG) by signal averaging. Recording electrodes are placed on the occipital scalp overlying cortical visual projection areas. VEPs quantify the transmission of pattern or flash information via the optic nerves and pathways to the visual cortex of the brain and the processing in the occipital cortex. Dysfunction of the visual pathways or visual cortex in the brain affects the VEP. In patients who are mature enough to maintain fixation on a stimulating pattern, VEPs are usually recorded using a patterned stimulus displayed on a video monitor. If the patients are unable to maintain fixation, then a strobe or LED flash can be used to stimulate the eye for recording of flash VEPs with or without sedation/anesthesia. Multifocal VEPs (mfVEPs) allow recording VEPs corresponding to multiple retinal loci extending up to 60° of the central visual field.
Investigation of the Mechanisms of Electrogeneration of Anions

Recent studies of the mechanism of reduction of weak acids resulting in the formation of active anions are reviewed. The acids that were investigated included CH, NH and OH acids with pKa (DMSO) ranging from 1.6 to 19.8. Acids with pKa up to about 6 were reduced by a CE scheme involving prior dissociation of the acid giving the anion (conjugate base) and the solvated proton, the latter being discharged at the platinum cathode to produce dihydrogen. Acids with pKa greater than 6 cannot dissociate rapidly enough to produce the diffusion-controlled reduction currents that are seen. These acids are reduced by a different mechanism, direct discharge with simultaneous electron transfer and element-hydrogen bond breaking producing the anion and an adsorbed hydrogen atom. The CH acids in this group are thought to undergo tautomerization to OH or NH forms prior to reduction. In the case of ethyl nitroacetate and 2,4-pentanedione tautomerization is slow enough to become the rate-limiting step in the overall reaction scheme.
Hemodynamics‐Driven Deposition of Intraluminal Thrombus in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Accumulating evidence suggests that intraluminal thrombus plays many roles in the natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysms. There is, therefore, a pressing need for computational models that can describe and predict the initiation and progression of thrombus in aneurysms. In this paper, we introduce a phenomenological metric for thrombus deposition potential and use hemodynamic simulations based on medical images from 6 patients to identify best-fit values of the 2 key model parameters. We then introduce a shape optimization method to predict the associated radial growth of the thrombus into the lumen based on the expectation that thrombus initiation will create a thrombogenic surface, which in turn will promote growth until increasing hemodynamically induced frictional forces prevent any further cell or protein deposition. Comparisons between predicted and actual intraluminal thrombus in the 6 patient-specific aneurysms suggest that this phenomenological description provides a good first estimate of thrombus deposition. We submit further that, because the biologically active region of the thrombus appears to be confined to a thin luminal layer, predictions of morphology alone may be sufficient to inform fluid-solid-growth models of aneurysmal growth and remodeling.