cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blade Load Unsteadiness and Turbulence Statistics in an Actuator-Line Computed Turbine–Turbine Interaction Problem

The objective of this study is to investigate how different volumetric projection techniques used in actuator-line modeling affect the unsteady blade loads and wake turbulence statistics. The two techniques for the body-force projection radius are based on either (i) the grid spacing or (ii) the combination of grid spacing and an equivalent elliptic blade planform. An array of two National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5-MW turbines separated by seven rotor diameters is simulated for 2000 s (about rotor 300 revolutions) within a large-eddy simulation (LES) solver of the neutral and moderately convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The statistics of sectional angle of attack (AOA), blade loads, and turbine power histories are quantified. Moreover, the degree of unsteadiness of sectional blade loads in response to atmospheric and wake turbulence is computed via a reduced frequency based on the rate-of-change in sectional AOA. The goal of this work is to make the wind energy community aware of the uncertainties associated with actuator-line modeling approaches.
The Role of Venture Capital Investments for Innovation in Young Technology-Based Firms

This paper examines the role of venture capital on a firm's innovation activities by using a data set of German technology-based firms founded between 1996 and 2005. Innovation is proxied by patent counts and an index of innovativeness which reflects the degree to which a young firm has developed new technologies based on its own or external resources. The results show that VC financing has a positive impact on both patenting and innovativeness, even if we account for endogeneity of VC financing.
French Strike Development and Class Struggle: The Development of the Strike in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Toulouse

The strike, an organized work stoppage to compel employers to accept workers' demands, is a form of class struggle that predates the nineteenth century. During the nineteenth century, however, the strike became one of the most common forms of collective action in Western Europe and a major expression of class struggle. “No doubt concerted work stoppages date back as far as organized work itself,” write Shorter and Tilly (1974: 34), “but the form of work stoppage we call the strike became a standardized and frequent form of collective action in western countries with the industrialization of the nineteenth and twentieth century.” Sociologists and historians have generally recognized that the nineteenth century marked the emergence of the strike as an important form of working-class collective action, but they have offered diverse interpretations as to why early industrialization generated intense strike activity.
Fermi surface topology and de Haas-van Alphen orbits in PuIn 3 and PuSn 3 compounds

Since the recent discovery of plutonium-based superconductors such as PuCoIn${}_{5}$, systematic studies of the electronic properties for plutonium compounds are providing insight into the itinerancy-localization crossover of Pu 5$f$ electrons. We are particularly interested in understanding the Fermi surface properties of the PuIn${}_{3}$ compound, which serves as the building block for the PuCoIn${}_{5}$ superconductor. Motivated by the first observation of quantum oscillation and renewed interest in the de Haas--van Alphen (dHvA) measurements on PuIn${}_{3}$, we study the Fermi surface (FS) topology and the band dispersion in both the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states of PuIn${}_{3}$, based on density-functional theory with a generalized gradient approximation. We compare the results with its isostructural paramagnetic compound PuSn${}_{3}$. We present the detailed Fermi surfaces of the compounds PuIn${}_{3}$ and PuSn${}_{3}$, and conclude that the FS topology of an antiferromagnetic PuIn${}_{3}$ agrees better with dHvA measurements. In addition, we show the magnetization of the antiferromagnetic order can alter the field-angle dependence and values of the effective mass for the dHvA orbits. Our results suggest that the accurate determination of the magnetic order orientation with respect to the crystal orientation is crucial to advance the understanding of the electronic structure of the PuIn${}_{3}$ compound.
Utilizing LMS Tools to Help with Student Assessment

Feedback is important to student progress. Formative assessments allow the student to adjust or improve their learning progress, but take valuable time. This paper describes how using available LMS tools can assist faculty in assessing student work and provide helpful feedback to students. The research measures the results of formative assessments on students’ grades. The tools available for faculty to use can be set up to save time for the faculty during assessments. Students have the opportunity for multiple attempts at assignments and receive feedback on each to help measure their learning. The rubric tool was used to not only grade student papers but also to provide appropriate feedback for student performance on the levels of achievement. Quizzes can be automatically graded. Results from this study show the benefits of multiple attempts at quizzes and written assignments. Future research is discussed to help further this pedagogical approach.
New Approaches to Using Antiretroviral Therapy for the Management of Hiv Infection

OBJECTIVE: To review the changes that have occurred in the past 2 years in the management of HIV infection with antiretroviral agents by contrasting the 1994 with the 1996 Guidelines. DATA SOURCES: Conference proceedings, clinical experience of the author and her colleagues, and English-language articles from the body of scientific literature identified via MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, and Current Contents served as data sources. DATA SYNTHESIS: Current antiretroviral management strategies include movement away from using zidovudine monotherapy, institution of combination antiretroviral therapy earlier in HIV disease, the use of newer agents such as lamivudine, protease inhibitors (i.e., saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir), and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i.e., nevirapine, delavirdine), prevention of vertical transmission with zidovudine, and use of HIV-1 RNA determinations (viral load) to guide the initiation and alteration of antiretroviral therapy. These strategies represent a dramatic change from the 1994 Guideline, which recommended zidovudine monotherapy in nonpregnant and pregnant individuals whose CD4 cell counts were less than 500 cells/mm 3 , when many of the newer agents were not available and the assays to determine viral load were strictly investigational. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between the 1994 and 1996 Guidelines is substantial. It is likely that within a year's time, newer information on pathogenesis and antiretroviral agents in development will be known and further management strategies will need to be disseminated. Until then, the International AIDS Society - USA Guidelines for 1996 should be followed as the standard of care.
Vitamin D and Weight Cycling: Impact on Injury, Illness, and Inflammation in Collegiate Wrestlers

This study explored the link between vitamin D status and frequency of skin infections, inflammation, and injury in college wrestlers during an academic year. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (n = 19), plasma cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) (n = 18) concentrations, and body weight/composition were measured and injury/illness/skin infection data were collected in fall, winter, and spring. Results: In the fall, 74% of wrestlers had vitamin D concentrations 0.05). Correlations between vitamin D status, cytokines, or frequency of illness, injury, or skin infections were not observed. Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<32 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was observed in wrestlers and was associated with higher adiposity. It remains unclear if higher vitamin D status would reduce injury, illness, and skin infection risk.
The Transient Receptor-Potential Channel 6 Plays a Critical Role In Platelet Function

Abstract 3201 In spite of the fact that changes in the intracellular levels of calcium (e.g., calcium entry (CE)) is a central step in platelet activation, the underlying mechanism of this CE is still ill defined. Previous studies have demonstrated that of the transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) family, TRPC1 and, to a higher extent, TRPC6 are expressed in blood platelets, whereas TRPC4 is found in megakaryocytes (at the mRNA level). Furthermore, recent studies have shown that TRPC1 deficient platelets exhibited no defects in platelet function, and unaltered calcium homeostasis. Based on these considerations, we hypothesized that TRPC6 plays an essential role in receptor-operated calcium entry and platelet function. Our preliminary studies reveal that platelets deficient in TRPC6 exhibited a defect in platelet aggregation mediated by the thromboxane receptor (TPR), at least, at low agonist levels (i.e., low levels of receptor activation). Moreover, TRPC6 deficient mice also exhibited a significantly prolonged bleeding time, and were protected against thrombosis development, using a FeCl 3 carotid-artery injury model. Together, these findings are consistent with the role of TPRs in hemostasis and the genesis of thrombosis. In future studies, we will investigate the role of TRPC6 in: 1. calcium homeostasis; 2. separate platelet functional responses such as dense granule secretion and shape change; and 3. in platelet activation via separate platelet G-protein coupled receptors such as PAR4 and P2Y1. These studies may define a new therapeutic target for managing multiple thrombosis-based disorders. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Treaty Design for Protecting Human Rights: Evidence from the Convention Against Torture and its Optional Protocol

This paper will examine how different designs of human rights treaties are associated with, and potentially cause, different degrees of effectiveness in improving their member states' human rights performance. I modify previous theoretical approaches to conditional membership of human rights treaties and distinguish between inclusive and selective treaties. My argument is, even after we take into account selection effects and control for potentially spurious variables, selective human rights treaties lead to better state human rights performance than inclusive ones. Focusing on the Convention against Torture (CAT) and its Optional Protocol (OPCAT) as two examples of inclusive and selective treaties, I demonstrate, using both causal logics and statistical evidence, how the design of the OPCAT, compared to that of the CAT, will be more likely to alter the incentive structures of its member states, change their preferences and even identities, and improve their human rights performance. My study suggests designs of international human rights treaties may make a significant difference in treaty effects.
A Historical Atlas of Tibet

A Historical Atlas of Tibet is a stunning achievement. Gorgeously designed, with forty-nine original maps and many more photographs of artwork, temples, and historical and contemporary landscapes, geographer Karl E. Ryavec's book is also meticulously researched and brimming with insight and information. True to its name, it is a historical atlas, the first to be produced about the vast region of Tibet. As such, it treats Tibet as a civilizational center, in contrast to its usual relegation to the margins of other variously defined regions of Asia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Graph information theoretic measures on functional connectivity networks based on graph-to-signal transform

A wide variety of complex networks arise in multiple disciplines and the study of their structural information is key for the understanding of the underlying systems. Various graph-based information theoretic measures exist, including those accounting for the spectral distribution of graph matrices and those defining distributions on the graph vertices. In this work, we propose to compute graph information theoretic measures of functional connectivity networks based on the normalized power spectrum of graph signals, introducing a new definition of graph entropy and graph divergence. Results from simulated networks show how the proposed methods reflect the structural information of the networks and overcome ambiguities in the current methods. Finally, it is shown how the proposed measures allow the discrimination between conditions from a cognitive control experiment and reflect changes in the network complexity at time intervals corresponding to the emergence of the event-related negativity brain potential.
Role of Metabolic Products Produced by Competitive Exclusion Cultures for the Control of Salmonellae in Domestic Poultry

The primary and sequential metabolism by the component organisms from 2 defined competitive exclusion (CE) cultures (CF-I and CF-II) and a characterized CE culture (CF-III) that were derived from anaerobic continuous-flow cultures without pH control were analyzed, using gas-liquid chromatography to detect volatile fatty acids (VFA) and nonvolatile fatty acids (NVFA) produced in anaerobic peptone-yeast cultures with 1% concentrations of amino acid and carbohydrate substrates.
Patient Navigation Improves Subsequent Breast Cancer Screening After a Noncancerous Result: Evidence from the Patient Navigation in Medically Underserved Areas Study

Abstract Background: Past efforts to assess patient navigation on cancer screening utilization have focused on one-time uptake, which may not be sufficient in the long term. This is partially due to limited resources for in-person, longitudinal patient navigation. We examine the effectiveness of a low-intensity phone- and mail-based navigation on multiple screening episodes with a focus on screening uptake after receiving noncancerous results during a previous screening episode. Methods: The is a secondary analysis of patients who participated in a randomized controlled patient navigation trial in Chicago. Participants include women referred for a screening mammogram, aged 50–74 years, and with a history of benign/normal screening results. Navigation services focused on identification of barriers and intervention via shared decision-making processes. A multivariable logistic regression intent-to-treat model was used to examine differences in odds of obtaining a screening mammogram within 2 years of the in...
Technology and Formative Assessment

This article provides a discussion of how technology can be used to support implementing quality assessment, especially formative assessment. It first considers the meaning of formative assessment, why it is such an important assessment activity, and how technology might support implementation of a range of assessment functions including formative assessment. Examples of technology-based applications are presented, including large-scale, district- or state-level commercial systems that have become prominent as well as small-scale, content- and classroom-based diagnostic systems often derived from cognitive research. It concludes with a brief discussion of current opportunities and future possibilities.
Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in a Genetically Engineered Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Model by Intraperitoneal Administration of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanoparticles Encapsulating MicroRNA-125b.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) acquire a pro-tumor (M2) phenotype, which promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Certain microRNAs (miRs), such as miR-125b, can reprogram TAMs into an antitumor/pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype. Using CD44 targeting hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylenimine) (HA-PEI)-based nanoparticles encapsulating miR-125b, we have herein shown macrophage-specific delivery and transfection upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. We have exploited the inherent ability of peritoneal macrophages to migrate toward the inflammation/injury and demonstrated that following intraperitoneal administration of HA-PEI nanoparticles, there is an accumulation of HA-PEI nanoparticles in the macrophage-ablated lung tissues of both naive and KRAS/p53 double mutant genetically engineered (KP-GEM) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse model. Additionally, upon transfection with miR-125b, we observed a >6-fold increase in the M1 to M2 macrophage ratio and 300-fold increase in the iNOS (M1 mar...
Chapter 11 Issues and Approaches for Web 2.0 Client Access to Enterprise Data

Abstract A new generation of Web technologies and programming styles, known collectively as “Web 2.0,” is increasingly used in non-enterprise applications. Many businesses, however, continue to use “Web 1.0” applications to give users access to enterprise data. This chapter outlines the main issues that confront enterprises as they consider allowing Web 2.0 access to enterprise data. These include data security, programming style, performance tradeoffs, and deployment infrastructure. We motivate these issues and their solutions in the context of several examples.
W/Z and diboson production at hadron colliders

A general review of the latest results about single and double vector boson production in the multipurpose experiments at LHC (ATLAS and CMS) and at Tevatron (CDF and D0) will be presented. The review will focus on boson production, while a more detailed report about W and Z properties can be found elsewhere. Only leptonic decays into electrons and muons will be considered.
A Complex Zeolite Containing Multiple Ring Sizes in a Single Channel: One-Dimensional Zeolite UZM-55

Zeolites are porous aluminosilicate materials utilized in a variety of sorption, separation, and catalytic applications. The oil refining industry in particular has seen a number of significant advances due to the introduction of new technologies enabled by new zeolites. Of particular importance are zeolites with 10- or 12-membered ring pores, resulting in pore shapes and sizes appropriate for the interaction with small hydrocarbon molecules. Here, the synthesis of a new zeolite UZM-55 is reported and the idealized structure thereof is presented. The most complex structure solved to date, UZM-55 possesses a large triclinic unit cell containing 52 T-sites. The material uniquely contains both 10- and 12-membered ring pores in a single, undulating one-dimensional channel, the first example in a zeolitic material of multiple delimiting rings in a single channel. This discovery opens new opportunities in shape-selective adsorption and catalysis. Demonstrated here is the unique adsorption behavior of UZM-55, shown both experimentally and computationally to adsorb one nonane molecule per unit cell in a linear conformation.
SP0135 The eular/efort recommendations for patients with recent fracture

The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT) have recognised the importance of optimal acute care for the patient 50 years and over with a recent fragility fracture and the prevention of subsequent fractures in high risk patients, which can be facilitated by close collaboration between orthopaedic surgeons and rheumatologists or other metabolic bone experts. Therefore, the aim was to establish for the first time collaborative recommendations for these patients. According to the EULAR standard operating procedures for the elaboration and implementation of evidence-based recommendations, 8 rheumatologists from 8 countries and 10 orthopaedic surgeons from 10 countries met twice under the leadership of 2 conveners, a senior advisor, a clinical epidemiologist and 3 research fellows. After defining the content and procedures of the task force, 10 research questions were formulated, a comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed, and the results were presented to the entire committee. Subsequently, 10 recommendations were formulated based on evidence from the literature and after discussion and consensus building in the group. The 10 recommendations will be discussed at the meeting; they included appropriate medical and surgical peri-operative care which requires, especially in the elderly, a multidisciplinary approach including orthogeriatric care. A coordinator should build up an organisation with systematic investigations for future fracture risk in all elderly patients with a recent fracture. High-risk patients should have appropriate non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment to decrease the risk of subsequent fracture. Reference [1] EULAR/EFORT recommendations for management of patients older than 50 years with a fragility fracture and prevention of subsequent fractures. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017May;76(5):802–810. Disclosure of Interest W. F. Lems Consultant for: Amgen, Eli Lilly, Merck, Speakers bureau: Amgen, Eli Lilly, Merck
The work of sterile processing departments: An exploratory study using qualitative interviews and a quantitative process database.

Background The sterile processing of surgical instruments and equipment is an essential part of surgical operations. Although clean instruments prevent infections, little is known about the departments that conduct this work. We sought to describe sterile processing departments (SPDs) and to identify factors impacting them. Methods We analyzed data from 22 qualitative interviews of staff and managers and a quantitative benchmarking database. Results Qualitative results indicated 4 primary factors impacting sterile processing work: (1) role and visibility, (2) relationships and communication with other departments and vendors, (3) staffing and management, and (4) technical problems and solutions. Quantitative analysis revealed significant differences in SPD responsibilities and scope. Discussion Relationships with operating room staff were of paramount importance in the ability of the SPD to accomplish its job and in staff motivations and feelings. Differences in management practices, communication strategies, and problem-solving resources were also emphasized. Both quantitative and qualitative data showed concern for the role of the SPD in patient safety, particularly concerning practices such as the use of immediate-use steam sterilization. Conclusions To more completely address adverse patient events and surgical patient safety, we must move toward examining the entire surgical process, including the vital role of SPDs.
Building Partnerships and Coalition Advocacy

The goal of this chapter is to help the reader to understand how to translate their advocacy from the level of individual efforts to a coordinated campaign of a sustained strategy that includes coalitions and effective partnerships.
Supralingualism and the Translatability Industry.

This article argues that a new form of globalizing multilingualism, which I call ‘supralingualism’, has been afoot since 1990, when the rise of algorithmic translation and cross-linguistic information retrieval (CLIR) practices set in in earnest in the supply-side logistics industries. A political landscape characterized by international consensus and compliance in the 1990s (as opposed to tariff wars and logistical nationalism) further buttressed this new ideology, leading to a newly multilingual centripetality in the global management of meaning. Based on historical examples and evidence from computational engineering, this article tracks the extraordinary growth of this sector and its implications for other arenas of language practice, implications that include: monolingualization, securitization, dehistoricization, lexicaliztation, and the reduction of ‘culture’ to its most overt linguistic forms.
Cyclic Liquefaction Analysis Using the Disturbed State Concept

The disturbed state concept (DSC) provides a unified approach for constitutive modelling of materials and interfaces under mechanical and environmental loading; details of DSC are presented in a paper in this conference [1]. Here, the application of DSC for identification of threshold transitions and instability, and consequent fatigue failure and liquefaction in saturated cohesionless materials under cyclic (earthquake type) loading, are discussed briefly.
The Four-day School Week and Parental Labor Supply

In this study I explore effects of adoption of the four-day school week policy, a permanent reduction in annual days of schooling, on parental labor supply and related outcomes. Using a difference-in-differences empirical model, I estimate causal effects of four-day school week adoption on parental employment, hours worked, weeks worked, earnings, and location choice across four states—CO, ID, OK, OR—with large increases in the use of the policy in the last decade. Estimates indicate that, among mothers with children all between ages 5 and 13, increasing four-day week enrollment from zero to 25% of an area’s students causes an 11% decrease in employment (7.6 percentage points) and decreases of a similar magnitude in hours and weeks worked, and the probability of reporting any wage or salary income, relative to baseline levels. In contrast to these estimates, among single mothers I find no negative employment effects and also find that the policy led to an 18% increase in the incidence of working year-round relative to working fewer weeks per year. The labor supply of married fathers was not affected by adoption of the four-day school week in a statistically significant manner. Finally, I estimate small but precise increases in moving in response to the policy in subsequent years and show that there is significant heterogeneity in labor supply responses among married mothers according to educational level, with most of the negative effects accruing to mothers with a four-year college degree or greater.
Abstract #1311: Caffeine modulates apoptosis and thymidine kinase 1 activity in several human cell lines

Previous research has demonstrated that caffeine (3,7-dihydro-1,3,7,-trimethyl-1H-purine-6,6-dione) has strong influences on cell-cycle checkpoints which affect the cell\#8217;s progression through its cycle. Caffeine has also been shown to increase cytotoxicity in combination with other DNA damaging agents by inhibiting DNA repair. Our laboratory previously investigated the effect of caffeine on HL-60 cells by simultaneously exposing them to caffeine (concentrations ranging from 0 to 20mM), and a brief hyperthermic treatment (43° C) for one hour, followed by a recovery time of 12 hours. We discovered that approximately 50 % of the cell population receiving only the hyperthermic treatment die by apoptosis within 12 hours, whereas cells that received treatments of both caffeine and heat shock had significantly lower death rates showing an apparent suppression of apoptosis (12-48% cell death) and enhanced cell survival. In addition, we measured the effect of caffeine on thymidine incorporation levels and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity. Elevated levels of TK1 in patients\#8217; serum have been demonstrated in most cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. TK1 has shown the potential to be a useful prognostic tool and early diagnostic marker of cancer. In our study, we treated three cell lines: TK6 (p53 wild type), WTK1 (p53 mutant), and Raji (Burkitt Lymphoma), with caffeine concentrations ranging from 0mM to 20mM. The cells were incubated for a twenty-four hour period after which changes in viability, cell counts, incorporation rates, and the activity of TK1 were measured. With increasing levels of caffeine, viability decreased with changes ranging from 3.4 to 42.8%. The thymidine incorporation rates showed a sharp increase (approximately 337%) from 0mM to 5mM before returning to previous levels at the 10mM concentration, followed by steady decrease to 20mM. Cell counts also showed a general trend of decreasing from the 0mM to 20mM concentration with counts dropping an average of 7 to 295%. In our p53 negative cells, TK1 activity decreased approximately 78% with increasing caffeine concentration. In the p53 positive cells, TK1 activity decreased gradually until the 20mM concentration, where it jumped to levels higher than those of our negative control. These data strongly suggest that caffeine not only suppresses heat shocked induced apoptosis, but also affects expression of TK1, a potential tumor biomarker. The significant differences observed between the p53 mutant and wild type cell lines could offer insight into why mutant p53 cancer types are so devastating. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1311.
The Sexual Health Needs and Perspectives of College Students with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities and Their Support Staff: A Brief Report

The purpose of this mixed methods pilot study was to examine the sexual health needs, knowledge, and access to resources for students with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) and their support staff in an inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) program. Four college students with IDD and sixteen support staff from an IPSE program in the Southeast United States were recruited in 2018. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with students. Online surveys, which contained open-ended and Likert scale items, were administered to all support staff. Students and staff both reported that students had limited sexual health knowledge, were uncomfortable discussing sexual health, and reported little interest in the topic. Both students and staff provided recommendations for creating inclusive sexual health programs and marketing strategies. Students have limited information about sexual health and are not included in sexual health programming in meaningful ways. Staff lack the training needed to address students’ sexual health questions. This study also makes a significant contribution to the dearth of literature on the sexual health of college students with IDD.
Facts, Fears, and Functionality of NGDP Level Targeting: A Guide to a Popular Framework for Monetary Policy

Nominal GDP level targeting (NGDPLT) has become an increasingly popular monetary policy framework over the past decade. This rising popularity has led to increased interest in, as well as some confusion over, how this framework actually works. This paper attempts to address this interest by summarizing basic facts of NGDPLT and addressing some of the fears surrounding it. The paper also demonstrates how NGDPLT might work in practice.
Anthropology of Policy: Tensions, Temporalities, Possibilities

As complex institutions extend into and govern greater spheres of social life, ethnographers contend with policy in an ever-widening range of fieldsites. This review examines anthropology of policy...
The Association of Cerebral Desaturation During One-Lung Ventilation and Postoperative Recovery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether cerebral oxygen desaturations during thoracic surgery are predictive of patients’ quality of recovery. As a secondary aim, the authors investigated the relationship among cerebral desaturations and postoperative delirium and hospital length of stay. Design This study was a prospective observational cohort study. Setting A single tertiary-care medical center from September 2012 through March 2014. Patients Adult patients scheduled for elective pulmonary surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Interventions All patients were monitored with the ForeSight cerebral oximeter. Measurements and Main Results The primary assessment tool was the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method. Of the 117 patients analyzed in the study, 60 of the patients desaturated below a cerebral oximetry level of 65% for a minimum of 3 minutes (51.3%). Patients who desaturated were significantly less likely to have cognitive recovery in the immediate postoperative period (p = 0.012), which did not persist in the postoperative period beyond day 0. Patients who desaturated also were more likely to have delirium (p = 0.048, odds ratio 2.81 [95% CI 1.01-7.79]) and longer length of stay (relative duration 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.73; p = 0.020). Conclusions Intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturations, frequent during one-lung ventilation, are associated significantly with worse early cognitive recovery, high risk of postoperative delirium, and prolonged length of stay. Large interventional studies on cerebral oximetry in the thoracic operating room are warranted.
Cryo-EM structure of the lysosomal chloride-proton exchanger CLC-7 in complex with OSTM1.

Inside the cells of mammals, acidic compartments called lysosomes are responsible for breaking down large molecules and worn-out cells parts so their components can be used again. Similar to lysosomes, specialized cells called osteoclasts require an acidic environment to degrade tissues in the bone. Both osteoclasts and lysosomes rely on a two-component protein complex to help them digest molecules. Mutations in the genes for both proteins are directly linked to human diseases including neurodegeneration and osteopetrosis – a disease characterized by dense and brittle bones. For the main protein in this complex, called CLC-7, to remain stable and perform its roles, it requires an accessory subunit known as OSTM1. CLC-7 is a transporter that funnels electrically charged particles into and out of the lysosome, which helps to maintain the environment inside the lysosome compartment. However, due to the tight partnership between CLC-7 and OTSM1, how they influence each other is poorly understood. To determine the roles of CLC-7 and OSTM1, Schrecker et al. looked at the structure of the complex using a technique called single particle electron microscopy, which allows proteins to be visualized almost down to the individual atom. The analysis revealed that OSTM1 covers almost the entire inside surface of CLC-7, protecting it from the acidic environment inside the lysosome and contributing to its stability. When the two subunits are bound together, OSTM1 also slightly changes the structure of the pore formed by CLC-7, suggesting that OSTM1 may regulate CLC-7 activity. Schrecker et al. have laid the foundation for understanding more about the activity and regulation of CLC-7 and OSTM1 in lysosomes and osteoclasts. The structures described also help explain previous findings, including why OSTM1 is important for the stability of CLC-7.
Markov Decision Process Modeling for Multi-stage Optimization of Intervention and Treatment Strategies in Breast Cancer

The breast cancer is a prevalent problem that undermines quality of patients’ lives and causes significant impacts on psychosocial wellness. Advanced sensing provides unprecedented opportunities to develop smart cancer care. The available sensing data captured from individuals enable the extraction of information pertinent to the breast cancer conditions to construct efficient and personalized intervention and treatment strategies. This research develops a novel sequential decision-making framework to determine optimal intervention and treatment planning for breast cancer patients. We design a Markov decision process (MDP) model for both objectives of intervention and treatment costs as well as quality adjusted life years (QALYs) with the data-driven and state-dependent intervention and treatment actions. The state space is defined as a vector of age, health status, prior intervention, and treatment plans. Also, the action space includes wait, prophylactic surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and their combinations. Experimental results demonstrate that prophylactic mastectomy and chemotherapy are more effective than other intervention and treatment plans in minimizing the expected cancer cost of 25 to 60 years-old patient with in-situ stage of cancer. However, wait policy leads to an optimal quality of life for a patient with the same state. The proposed MDP framework can also be generally applicable to a variety of medical domains that entail evidence-based decision making.
Utilizing Web Scraping and Natural Language Processing to Better Inform Pedagogical Practice

This research full paper describes how web scraping and natural language processing can be utilized to answer complex questions in computer science education. In this work, we apply connectivism as the theoretical framework, and demonstrate how web scraping can be useful for extrapolating large amounts of data from publicly available web pages to pool data from a wider array of sources and to further knowledge in the field. In addition, we discuss how natural language processing can be used to reliably obtain salient information from textual data, and how it can complement qualitative analysis. To illustrate these techniques in practice, we provide a specific application in which we examine the current trends in the job market for computer science students. The information gathered in this example provides additional areas for educational consideration, such as offering students Python programming language and machine learning. Also, the job postings delineate a clear need for applicants to exhibit programming and testing skills. Although programming may be taught already, testing is widely considered a knowledge deficiency, which suggests that educators should consider placing an increased emphasis on this area to ensure their students are adequately prepared for their career endeavors, and able to transfer the knowledge taught to critically assess and debug their own programs.
Betting Against Beta Under Incomplete Information

We show analytically and empirically that the positive abnormal returns from Betting-Against-Beta (BAB) – a beta-neutral portfolio long in low beta stocks and short in high beta stocks – are consistent with market segmentation due to costly information acquisition, as in Merton (1987). Consistent with our predictions, expected returns and CAPM alphas from the BAB strategy are positive and vary (1) negatively in the cross-section with firm visibility, and (2) positively in the time-series with the portfolio’s shadow cost of information and beta spread. These results cannot be fully explained by alternate explanations such as funding illiquidity or preference for lottery-like stocks.
The Use of Rough Sets as a Data Mining Tool for Experimental Bio-data

The Rough Sets methodology has great potential for mining experimental data. Since its introduction by Pawlak, it has received a lot of attention in the computing community. However, due to the mathematical nature of the Rough Sets methodology, many experimental scientists lacking sufficient mathematical background have been hesitant to use it. The goal of this chapter is twofold: (1) to introduce “Rough Sets” methodology (along with one of its derivatives, “Modified Rough Sets”) in a non-mathematical fashion hoping to share the potentials of this approach with a larger group of non-computationally-oriented scientists (Mining of one specific form of implicit data within a bio-dataset is also discussed), and (2) to apply this methodology to a dataset of children with and without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach in patient differentiation. Discriminant Analysis statistical approach as well as the ID3 approach were also applied to the same dataset for comparison purposes to find out which approach is most effective.
New Concepts of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Congenital Megacolon (Hirschsprung's Disease), by Orvar Swenson, MD, et al, Pediatrics, 1949;4:201–209

The clinical syndrome known as Hirschsprung disease (HD), or congenital megacolon, had been recognized for more than a century. The pathogenesis of the dilation/hypertrophy of the colon without mechanical obstruction was puzzling, and the subject of great debate. Virtually all infants and children affected with this disorder died. The authors studied 26 patients with congenital megacolon admitted to Boston Children9s Hospital during a 5-year period, from 1943 through 1947. Careful contrast radiographic study of the distal colon in all 26 revealed a functional obstruction produced by a dyskinesia of the rectum. This was detected by running a small amount of barium slowly into the rectum with the patient in an oblique position. A portion of the rectum/rectosigmoid was consistently subnormal in caliber. Barium then was allowed to run through this narrowed area into the dilated colon. The authors interpreted the radiographic findings as evidence of a physiologic partial obstruction of the rectum/rectosigmoid. Colostomies were performed in the dilated portion of the colon in 3 early patients, and all symptoms/signs of HD disappeared in each instance. These returned, however, with closure of the colostomies and persisted until the ostomy was reestablished. Colostomies then were performed in an additional 12 patients, and each was relieved of symptoms with restoration of a normal-caliber colon. The authors recognized that the distal obstructing segment would have to be removed before the colostomy could be closed. They devised a special “pull-through” form of resection and tested it in the laboratory. The operation was performed subsequently on 23 patients, with no fatalities. Closure of the colostomy was possible in all but 2. The authors outlined the operation in detail in the article. Three infants, the youngest being 2 months old, tolerated a one-stage operation. The authors indicated that all patients subsequently demonstrated the urge to defecate and had normal bowel control. Patients with HD have a physiologic obstruction in the nondilated segment of colon. Early colostomy relieves the symptoms/signs of obstruction, and removal of the narrowed segment results in cure.
Art school : (propositions for the 21st century)

The last explosive change in art education came nearly a century ago, when the German Bauhaus was formed. Today, dramatic changes in the art world -- its increasing professionalization, the pervasive power of the art market, and fundamental shifts in art-making itself in our post-Duchampian era -- combined with a revolution in information technology, raise fundamental questions about the education of today's artists. Art School (Propositions for the 21st Century) brings together more than thirty leading international artists and art educators to reconsider the practices of art education in academic, practical, ethical, and philosophical terms. The essays in the book range over continents, histories, traditions, experiments, and fantasies of education. Accompanying the essays are conversations with such prominent artist/educators as John Baldessari, Michael Craig-Martin, Hans Haacke, and Marina Abramovic, as well as questionnaire responses from a dozen important artists -- among them Mike Kelley, Ann Hamilton, Guillermo Kuitca, and Shirin Neshat -- about their own experiences as students. A fascinating analysis of the architecture of major historical art schools throughout the world looks at the relationship of the principles of their designs to the principles of the pedagogy practiced within their halls. And throughout the volume, attention is paid to new initiatives and proposals about what an art school can and should be in the twenty-first century -- and what it shouldn't be. No other book on the subject covers more of the questions concerning art education today or offers more insight into the pressures, challenges, risks, and opportunities for artists and art educators in the years ahead. ContributorsMarina Abramovic, Dennis Adams, John Baldessari, Ute Meta Bauer, Daniel Birnbaum, Saskia Bos, Tania Bruguera, Luis Camnitzer, Michael Craig-Martin, Thierry de Duve, Clementine Deliss, Charles Esche, Liam Gillick, Boris Groys, Hans Haacke, Ann Lauterbach, Ken Lum, Steven Henry Madoff, Brendan D. Moran, Ernesto Pujol, Raqs Media Collective, Charles Renfro, Jeffrey T. Schnapp, Michael Shanks, Robert Storr, Anton Vidokle
Implicit and explicit memory in autism: is autism an amnesic disorder?

Medial temporal lobe amnesic disorder is characterized by an impairment in explicit memory (e.g., remembering a shopping list) and intact implicit memory (e.g., a woman seems familiar although you cannot remember having met her before). This study examined whether children with high-functioning autism have this same dissociation between explicit and implicit memory abilities. Children with autism and normal development participated in three memory tasks: one implicit task (perceptual identification) and two explicit tasks (recognition and recall). Children with autism showed intact implicit and explicit memory abilities. However, they did not show the typical pattern of recalling more items from both the beginning and end of a list and instead only recalled items from the end of the list. These results do not support the theory that high-functioning autism is a type of medial temporal lobe amnesia. However, these findings suggest that persons with autism use different organizational strategies during encoding or retrieval of items from memory.
Narrativizing the Architectural Copyright Act: Another View of the Cathedral

Architectural copyright is an oft-ignored field of copyright law, if not for the lack of cases, then for the uncomfortable position it occupies on the spectrum of better-understood copyright categories like art, music, and film. Yet the study of the history and subsequent case law behind the Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act of 1990 (enacted as part of the Berne Convention) proves fruitful because of architecture’s vexed status as an object of both utilitarian functions and aesthetic aspirations, rendering it uncomfortably between the realms of patent and copyright law. This article explores the legislative history behind the Act and Congress’ reliance on one specific architect’s narrative of a postmodern architecture of symbolic appendages, resulting in a “functionally determined” standard that resurrects the tricky conceptual separability test. Turning to current case law, this article examines how the “functionally determined” test has been both applied and drastically expanded to encompass any and all “externally determined” elements (like those dictated by zoning laws or market demands), resulting in the thinnest of copyright protection for architectural works. Alternatively, the article will argue that a broader “total concept and feel” test like that applied in the high-profile 2005 case Shine v. Childs is a better standard that takes into account current developments in architectural theory that use external factors as the starting point for highly fanciful, creative works. However, I posit a reworked, two-step total concept and feel test that would address the underlying fear of monopolies on useful forms while promoting overall progress in the field.
Algorithm for EDAP-extracting data and plotting

EDAP (extracting data and plotting), an APL program driven by a REXX exec, is described. It runs in two modes. In a disconnected service machine environment, where, for example, three systems in one department use it to monitor the manufacturing lines and the semiconductor tools. In this mode, it runs unattended 24 hours a day seven days a week. It can also be used interactively. Given an arbitrary file, with numerical region buried in it, the program uses an elaborate algorithm to find the numerical region and then plot composite multi-region graphs in seconds. The algorithm falls in the area of pattern recognition. A brief overview of the algorithm is given. >