cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry)-based Detection of Global Pathogen-host AMPylation on Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

AMPylation (adenylylation) is a recently discovered mechanism employed by infectious bacteria to regulate host cell signaling. However, despite significant effort, only a few host targets have been identified, limiting our understanding of how these pathogens exploit this mechanism to control host cells. Accordingly, we developed a novel nonradioactive AMPylation screening platform using high-density cell-free protein microarrays displaying human proteins produced by human translational machinery. We screened 10,000 unique human proteins with Vibrio parahaemolyticus VopS and Histophilus somni IbpAFic2, and identified many new AMPylation substrates. Two of these, Rac2, and Rac3, were confirmed in vivo as bona fide substrates during infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We also mapped the site of AMPylation of a non-GTPase substrate, LyGDI, to threonine 51, in a region regulated by Src kinase, and demonstrated that AMPylation prevented its phosphorylation by Src. Our results greatly expanded the repertoire of potential host substrates for bacterial AMPylators, determined their recognition motif, and revealed the first pathogen-host interaction AMPylation network. This approach can be extended to identify novel substrates of AMPylators with different domains or in different species and readily adapted for other post-translational modifications.
The lack of specificity towards salts in the activation of choline acetyltransferase from human placenta.

Abstract— The effects of monovalent and divalent anions on the choline acetyltransferase reaction have been determined at high (5.0 mM) and low (0.58 mM) choline. At 0.58 mM-choline, both monovalent and divalent anions activate the enzyme ±9 fold; however, at 5.0mM-choline, monovalent anions activate the enzyme ±25 fold, while divalent anions activate ±9 fold. Both monovalent and divalent anions show uncompetitive activation with respect to choline. When either dimethylaminoethanol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl piperidinium iodide, or N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-propyl pyrrolidinium iodide was substituted for choline, activation by monovalent or divalent anions was only 2.5-4 fold. With AcCoA as substrate the ChA reaction can be increased ±20 fold by increased salts; however, with acetyl dephosphoCoA as substrate, the reaction is insensitive to the salt concentration. Similar salt effects on the ChA reaction, as measured in the direction of acetylcholine synthesis, have been demonstrated in the reverse reaction. In addition, inhibition of the forward reaction by acetylcholine has been measured as a function of sodium chloride concentration. Although the K1 for acetylcholine increases with increasing salt, this change in K1, parallels the increase in the Km for choline. These results support the hypothesis that both monovalent and divalent anions activate choline acetyltransferase by the same singular mechanism; which is to increase the rate of dissociation of coenzyme A from the enzyme.
An Examination of Social Intelligence Development in Preservice Music Teachers

The purpose of this study was to determine if preservice music educators specifically develop social intelligence during their student teaching. Sixty-six undergraduate senior music education stude...
Analysis of depth profiles of sol-gel derived multilayer coatings by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy1

This paper describes the preparation and compositional analvsis of multilayer thin-film coatings prepared using sol-gel techniques. Alternate layers were labeled with an iron tag, derived from hydrolyzed 1,1'-bis(triethoxysilyl)ferrocenc. Iron-free layers were composed of SiOz derived from hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). Analyses of these systems were based on Rutherford Backscattering Spcctromctrv (RBS) and Cross-Sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (XTEM). Thc depth profile of iron, measured by RBS, yielded thicknesses (1000-1600 A) for thc individual layers that could be verified independently by XTEM. Multilayer ceramic coatings are important in applications in opticsr and electronics.3 These and related applications require thin, defect-free layers.3 Sol-gel technology, combined with spin or dip coating, is an excellent method for the preparation of thin-film and multilayer ceramic coatings. The chemical composition of the precursors and the processing conditions control the properties of the final film, and it is relatively straightforward to control the porosity, composition, and index of refraction of these films.a-e Multilayers made by the sol-gel route include antireflective coatings to'rt'tz-'o and wavelength-selective reflectors.tt-tn In this paper, we address the question of whether thin multilayers (<25 g,m thick)3 of alternating chemical composition of inorganic (SiO2) and organometallic layers can be produced by the sol-gel route without intermixing of the layers. We present the preparation and characterization of a model multilayer system using sol-gel suspensions derived from solutions of hydrolyzed 1,1'-bis(triethoxysilyl)ferrocene'o and from hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). This system is an ideal model for the building of multilayers. We employed RBS21 to measure the depth profile of iron, covalently incorporated as the ferrocenyl group, in the multilayer system. The signal for iron was a "tag" for the position of the iron-containing layers. This technique has previ
Black Beetle Virus: Messenger for Protein B Is a Subgenomic Viral RNA

Black beetle virus induces the synthesis of three new proteins, protein A (molecular weight, 104,000), protein α (molecular weight, 47,000), and protein B (molecular weight, 10,000), in infected Drosophila cells. Two of these proteins, A and α, are known to be encoded by black beetle virus RNAs 1 and 2, respectively, extracted from virions. We found that RNA extracted from infected cells directed the synthesis of all three proteins when it was added to a cell-free protein-synthesizing system. When polysomal RNA was fractionated on a sucrose density gradient, the messengers for proteins A and α cosedimented with viral RNAs 1 (22S) and 2 (15S), respectively. However, the messenger for protein B was a 9S RNA (RNA 3) not found in purified virions. Like the synthesis of viral RNAs 1 and 2, intracellular synthesis of RNA 3 was not affected by the drug actinomycin D at concentrations which blocked synthesis of host cell RNA. This indicated that RNA 3 is a virus-specific subgenomic RNA and, therefore, that protein B is a virus-encoded protein. Images
Transcriptional regulatory regions of testis-specific PGK2 defined in transgenic mice.

Abstract The gene encoding testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK; ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) is expressed only in meiotic and haploid male germ cells. Transgenic mice containing an 8-kilobase human genomic PGK2 gene express the human gene in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated manner. To determine the nature and location of sequences controlling this expression, transgenic mice with various lengths of the human PGK2 5' region fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene were analyzed for expression. A 323-base-pair region 5' to the coding region was found to contain information essential for both tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of the CAT reporter gene. Transgenic mice containing a PGK2/luciferase-coding construct were compared with mice containing an equivalent CAT construct. Luciferase gene expression was also testis-specific and was more sensitive than CAT gene expression, but otherwise regulation of the two reporter genes was similar in the germ cells of transgenic mice. Translation of both PGK2/CAT and PGK2/luciferase fusion genes was seen concurrently with the first detectable transcripts.
Expenditure Lags in Impact Analysis

COLE S. (1989) Expenditure lags in impact analysis, Reg. Studies 23, 105–116. The paper presents a method for calculating the short and medium term regional economic impact of plant closures, taking into account expenditure lags. The method is a straightforward modification of the generalized Leontief inverse approach for determining income and employment multipliers. An approximation is given which maintains the relative simplicity of that calculation. The biases in the approximation are shown to be relatively small for many practical calculations and for a range of expenditure distributions. An example is computed. The results suggest that the conventional model may overestimate the short run (one year) impact of a closure by 10–30% but underestimate the medium term (five year) impact to an even greater degree. COLE S. (1989) Les retards des depenses dans une etude d'impact, Reg. Studies 23, 105–116. Cet article presente une methode pour evaluer l'impact economique regional de court et de moyen terme de...
IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN THE GRAPPA ALGORITHM FORMALISM

In this paper is presented a novel parallel image reconstruction algorithm that follows the same formalism as the existing GRAPPA reconstruction, and is termed as the extended GRAPPA algorithm, which is equivalent to the generalized SENSE (GenSENSE) algorithm in reconstructing a high-resolution sensitivity-invariant MR image. Based on this understanding, a concept of weight map is introduced for reconstruction, and the existing GRAPPA algorithm is further interpreted as an approximate of the extended GRAPPA algorithm by selectively choosing weights of significant value in the map for reconstruction
Mapping the Development of Hispanic/Latino/a Student Organizations: A Model at the University of Florida

This article provides a case history of the development of Hispanic Student Organizations (HSO) by examining the contextual factors (e.g., demographic, historical, organizational) that impacted HSO development at the University of Florida from the 1970s to 2003. We trace the formation of HSO of cultural, professional, and Greek affiliations. We examine institutional involvement and some recent hate crimes directed at HSO at the university and conclude with future directions and research implications.
Exposure to volatile organic compounds in healthcare settings.

Objectives To identify and summarise volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure profiles of healthcare occupations. Methods Personal (n=143) and mobile area (n=207) evacuated canisters were collected and analysed by a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer to assess exposures to 14 VOCs among 14 healthcare occupations in five hospitals. Participants were volunteers identified by their supervisors. Summary statistics were calculated by occupation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the 14 analyte inputs to five orthogonal factors and identify occupations that were associated with these factors. Linear regressions were used to assess the association between personal and mobile area samples. Results Exposure profiles differed among occupations; ethanol had the highest geometric mean (GM) among nursing assistants (∼4900 and ∼1900 mg/m 3 , personal and area), and 2-propanol had the highest GM among medical equipment preparers (∼4600 and ∼2000 mg/m 3 , personal and area). The highest total personal VOC exposures were among nursing assistants (∼9200 mg/m 3 ), licensed practical nurses (∼8700 mg/m 3 ) and medical equipment preparers (∼7900 mg/m 3 ). The influence of the PCA factors developed from personal exposure estimates varied by occupation, which enabled a comparative assessment of occupations. For example, factor 1, indicative of solvent use, was positively correlated with clinical laboratory and floor stripping/ waxing occupations and tasks. Overall, a significant correlation was observed (r=0.88) between matched personal and mobile area samples, but varied considerably by analyte (r=0.23–0.64). Conclusions Healthcare workers are exposed to a variety of chemicals that vary with the activities and products used during activities. These VOC profiles are useful for estimating exposures for occupational hazard ranking for industrial hygienists as well as epidemiological studies.
Extent of extracapsular extension in localized prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives. To measure the radial extent of extracapsular penetration by tumor cells, thereby providing estimates of the margins needed around target volumes. New radiotherapeutic techniques, like brachytherapy and conformal radiotherapy, irradiate small volumes and reduce the dose to periprostatic tissues. Even in the early stages of localized prostate cancer, extracapsular extension (ECE) is commonly seen. Methods. Two hundred sixty-five consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens were analyzed for the presence of ECE. ECE was found in 92 of all cases (35%); measurements were performed in 79 of the 92 cases. A total of 98 ECE sites were evaluated in the 79 cases. The distance of tumor outside the capsule was measured in millimeters. Extension less than 0.1 mm was considered as “focal.” Results. The site of ECE was posterolateral in 53% of cases, lateral in 24%, posterior in 13%, and at the base in 10%. The median amount of ECE at all sites was 1.1 mm (mean 1.7). However, the range was wide; the minimum measurable extent was 0.1 mm and the maximum 10.0 mm. The extent was within 3.8 mm for 90% of all cases. By stratifying cases with favorable and unfavorable tumors, the 90th percentiles of ECE were as follows: 3.3 mm for favorable tumors (clinical Stage T1-2, initial prostate-specific antigen 10 ng/mL or less, and biopsy Gleason score 6 or less) and 3.9 mm for unfavorable tumors (clinical Stage T3, initial prostate-specific antigen greater than 10 ng/mL, or biopsy Gleason score 7 or greater). Conclusions. Most of the ECE was at posterolateral sites. The extent of disease outside the prostate was within 4 mm in 90% of cases. Since ECE was observed in 30% to 60% of all patients with clinical Stage T1-2 prostate cancer, only 3% to 7% of all such cases would have disease extent exceeding 4 mm. The present study provides useful estimates of the amount of ECE. These estimates could be potentially used in planning the target volumes for treatment of prostate cancer with either conformal radiotherapy or brachytherapy.
Comparison of nonmaize hosts to support western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval biology

With the recent commercialization of transgenic rootworm-resistant maize with high levels of antibiosis to larval feeding, the biology of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on hosts beyond maize, Zea mays L., has become an important topic for which data are limited. Larval survivorship and growth parameters were monitored on the roots of 29 plant species comprised of maize, maize-field weeds, native prairie grasses, forage grasses, and small grain crops. Data on larval recovery and growth (measured as increases in head capsule width and accumulation of dry weight) were recorded at five samplings (6, 10, 14, 20, and 24 d) after initial infestation of the 29 species. Recovery and growth parameters were analyzed for inter- and intraspecific differences within and among sampling dates. Larvae survived at least 6 d after infestation on 27 species and 24 d on 23 plant species. Larval recovery and growth were impacted by both species and time after infestation. Growth and development of larvae were significantly slower on most plant species beyond maize; however, 18 of the species had larvae develop to the second instar, whereas larvae on 14 species developed to the third instar. Adults were recovered from five plant species in addition to maize. Because rootworm-resistant transgenic maize with high levels of antibiosis has become a part of the agroecosystem, weeds in grassy maize fields as well as adjacent forage grass species may become more important in the western corn rootworm life cycle, particularly because genes conferring resistance to postemergent herbicides such as glyphosate are stacked with transgenic rootworm-resistant maize hybrids.
Maintenance of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 proviral DNA in human fetal dorsal root ganglia neural cells following a nonproductive infection.

Infection of the nervous system by human immunodeficiency virus type-i (HIV-1) has been implicated in the generation of acquired immunodeflclency syndrome (AIDS)associated neurologic dysfunction and direct infection of glia has been suggested as one of the potential mechanisms leading to deterioration of nervous system function. We have been examining the interaction of HIV-1 with the developing peripheral nervous system in vitro, and have previously shown that HIV-1 infection of primary human fetal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neural cells resulted in HIV-1 gag antigen expression in approximately 70% of the glial cell subpopulation with little, if any, cytopathic damage to the infected cells. Accumulation of HIV-1 gag antigens and viral mRNA reached a maximum by 2-3 days postinfection and declined thereafter to minimally detectable levels in the surviving neural cell population. In addition, infection of the fetal DRG neural cells appeared to be abortive or nonproductive, with little if any, infectious progeny virus production. However, we have been able to detect HIV-1-specific proviral DNA as late as 24 days postinfection by polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent DNA blot hybridization. These results suggest that accumulation of HIV-1 structural proteins without the assembly and release of mature virus in HIV-1-lnfected human fetal DRG neural cells results in a nonproductive infection and maintenance of HIV-1 proviral DNA in the infected cell population.
DERIVATIONAL PROCESSES IN RANGI

The main object of research described in this paper is Rangi, a scarcely investigated Bantu language of Northern Central Tanzania. Rangi phonology and morphonology are briefly sketched, including a classification with regard to both Vowel Height Harmony and Advanced Tongue Root activity. The main body of the paper consists of a detailed description of Rangi derivational processes, which follows the pattern established in Maganga and Schadeberg's description of Nyamwezi, a closely related language. Both verbal derivation, which exclusively uses the extensional slot of the verb structure, and nominal derivation, which employs noun class prefixes and a few suffixes, are covered.
Impact of Work Conditions and Minority Patient Populations on Quality and Errors.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether workplace conditions affect care quality and errors, especially in primary care clinics serving minority patients. METHODS We conducted a 3-year assessment of work conditions and patient outcomes in 73 primary care clinics in the upper Midwest and New York City. Study participants included 287 physicians and 1204 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes. Chart audit data were contrasted between clinics with ≥30% minority patients (minority-serving clinics, or MSCs) and those with <30% (nonminority-serving clinics, or NMSCs). Physicians reported on time pressure, work control, clinical resources, and specialty referral access; managers described room availability; and chart audits determined care errors and quality. Two-level hierarchical models tested work conditions as mediators between MSC status and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Error rates were higher in MSCs than NMSCs (29.6% vs 24.8%, P < .05). Lack of clinical resources explained 41% of the effect of MSC status on errors (P < .05). Diabetes control was poorer in MSCs than in NMSCs (53.8% controlled vs 76.1%, P < .05); lack of clinical resources explained 24% of this difference (P < .05). Room availability increased quality in both MSCs and NMSCs by 5.95% for each additional room per clinician per session. Lack of access to rooms and specialists decreased the likelihood of blood pressure control in MSCs. CONCLUSION Work conditions such as clinical resources, examination room availability, and access to referrals are significantly associated with errors and quality, especially in MSCs.
GCH1, BH4 and Pain

Understanding and consequently treating neuropathic pain effectively is a challenge for modern medicine, as unlike inflammation, which can be controlled relatively well, chronic pain due to nerve injury is refractory to most current therapeutics. Here we define a target pathway for a new class of analgesics, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and metabolism. BH4 is an essential co-factor in the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and nitric oxide and as a result, its availability influences many systems, including neurons. Following peripheral nerve damage, levels of BH4 are dramatically increased in sensory neurons, consequently this has a profound effect on the physiology of these cells, causing increased activity and pain hypersensitivity. These changes are principally due to the upregulation of the rate limiting enzyme for BH4 synthesis GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). A GCH1 pain-protective haplotype which decreases pain levels in a variety of settings, by reducing the levels of endogenous activation of this enzyme, has been characterized in humans. Here we define the control of BH4 homeostasis and discuss the consequences of large perturbations within this system, both negatively via genetic mutations and after pathological increases in the production of this cofactor that result in chronic pain. We explain the nature of the GCH1 reduced-function haplotype and set out the potential for a ‘BH4 blocking’ drug as a novel analgesic.
Electro-Optic Power Limiter: Broadband, Self-Actuating Optical Limiter for Visible and Infrared Radiation

We present studies of an optical power limiter that uses a combination of the photoconductive and linear electro-optic effects. The electro-optic power limiter (EOPL), first demonstrated using CdTe in the near IR, possesses many desirable qualities including broadband wavelength responsivity, self-actuation, and low threshold power. One unique capability of EOPL, not found in any other nonlinear optical power limiter, is the fact that any light - coherent or incoherent - can be used. Our studies in CdTe, GaAs, and BSO crystals resulted in extending the wavelength range from the visible to MWIR wavelengths.
Potentiation of lathyrogenic effect of beta aminopropionitrile in turkey poults.

SummaryCyanoacetic acid (CAA) produced no toxicity symptoms when fed to turkey poults in quantities which induced relatively high blood levels. Two known inhibitors of monoamine oxidase, isonicotinic acid hydrazide and 1-isonicotinyl-2-isopropyl hydrazine at 0.04-0.08% of the diets were also not toxic, but when fed at same levels in combination with BAPN. the characteristic toxicity symptoms of the latter substance were greatly enhanced. This is interpreted as the result of a decreased in vivo conversion of BAPN to CAA. N-propylamine at 0.5-1.0% of the diet did not itself produce toxic symptoms, but it enhanced the toxicity of BAPN.
Kant's Dialectic

The bulk of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is divided, in its philosophical content if not its formal organization, into two parts. The first, encompassing the Introduction, the Aesthetic and the Transcendental Analytic, presents a theory of metaphysical knowledge; its source and nature, its proper objects, and its fundamental principles. The second part, contained in the Transcendental Dialectic, is a theory of metaphysical error, illusion, or pseudoknowledge. For various reasons, students of the Critique have tended to neglect the second part of Kant's project in favor of the first, though there is no evidence that Kant himself regarded it as less important or less essential to the critical philosophy. Jonathan Bennett, for his part, has tried to remedy the situation by complementing his earlier book Kant's Analytic (1966) with a new one on the Dialectic.1 Bennett says (p. viii) that the new book does not presuppose any acquaintance with the earlier one, and this is quite correct. But many of the characteristics of Kant's Dialectic will be familiar to readers of the other book on Kant and his 1971 book on the empiricists. Bennett's style, as always, is lively and provocative. The book moves at a rapid pace, and is packed with arguments, counterarguments and alternative critical readings of texts. There are valuable discussions not only of Kant's views but also the views of other philosophers (chiefly Leibniz and Descartes) who had important things to say about the same problems. Bennett's new book is fully as
Recent development and applications of contact screens

Recent development of the technique of contact screens and its applications to printing and optical image processing are discussed. The basic principle of the use of the contact screens is analyzed with some experimental results illustrating applications of the technique to non-linear image processing. In addition, the paper also describes how the newly invented contact screens can be applied to improve and simplify the picture printing process. We also describe our research plans on the employment of specitically designed contact screens to systematically simplify optical image communication and television broadcasting.
Current Treatment Options for Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis

Treatments for protozoal-induced diarrhea have been expanded in recent decades. The realization that protozoa infections can cause long-term morbidity in children has garnered renewed interest in the latest recommendations. Treatment needs to be tailored to not only the parasite but also the immune status of the patient. The overall clinical status of the patient should be considered when deciding on the use of empiric therapy.
Configuring Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting

This chapter provided an overview of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) and its benefits for Cisco PIX firewall administrators. Authentication is the process of identifying and authenticating a user before allowing access to network devices and services. User identification and authentication are critical for the accuracy of the authorization and accounting functions. Authorization is the process of determining user privileges and access rights after users have been authenticated. Accounting is the process of recording user activities for accountability, billing, auditing, or reporting purposes. The chapter explores the new commands that 7.0 provides. Version 7.0 is just an enhancement to AAA and not a forklift upgrade. The RADIUS and TACACS+ security protocols are discussed. The benefits of implementing AAA include scalability, increased flexibility and control, standardized protocols and methods, and redundancy. Cisco PIX firewalls support the RADIUS and TACACS+ security protocols for use within an AAA mechanism. Each protocol has its advantages and disadvantages; the protocol that is right for you will depend on your situation and requirements.
The effect of plasmon resonance coupling in P3HT-coated silver nanodisk monolayers on their optical sensitivity

We report on the optical properties of silver nanodisk (Ag ND) Langmuir Blodgett monolayers that were transferred to substrates in different coupling regimes. Ag ND monolayers deposited in the liquid expanded–gaseous (Le–G) phase demonstrated individual plasmon resonance behavior while monolayers deposited in the liquid condensed–liquid expanded (Lc–Le) and solid–liquid condensed (S–Lc) phases exhibited plasmon coupling between closely packed adjacent nanoparticles, which caused a red shift in their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectra. The initial presence of excess polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant micelles on the Ag ND monolayers could be eliminated by first compressing the monolayers to high surface pressures, resulting in blue shifted extinction spectra and increased sensitivity as micelles depleted into the subphase. Ag ND monolayers were then used in conjunction with a conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) medium to reversibly modulate the LSPR by changing the local refractive index around the nanoparticles. Ultimately, a high reversible LSPR shift of 27 nm was observed with an applied electropotential of ±500 mV to the P3HT-coated Ag ND monolayer. A high refractive index sensitivity (RIS) of 141 nm per RIU was found for monolayers deposited in the Lc–Le phase due to an increase in hot spot formation.
The role of coherence in plasmonic interferometry

Here we discuss methods that employ surface plasmons to measure and strongly modulate the degree of optical spatial coherence of light, paving the way for multifunctional optical elements beyond conventional refractive- and diffractive-based photonics metasurfaces.
DREADD-induced silencing of the medial amygdala reduces the preference for male pheromones and the expression of lordosis in estrous female mice.

Sexually naive estrous female mice seek out male urinary pheromones; however, they initially display little receptive (lordosis) behavior in response to male mounts. Vomeronasal-accessory olfactory bulb inputs to the medial amygdala (Me) regulate courtship in female rodents. We used a reversible inhibitory chemogenetic technique (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs; DREADDs) to assess the contribution of Me signaling to females' preference for male pheromones and improvement in receptivity normally seen with repeated testing. Sexually naive females received bilateral Me injections of an adeno-associated virus carrying an inhibitory DREADD. Females were later ovariectomized, treated with ovarian hormones, and given behavioral tests following intraperitoneal injections of saline or clozapine-N-oxide (CNO; which hyperpolarizes infected Me neurons). CNO attenuated females' preference to investigate male vs. female urinary odors. Repeated CNO treatment also slowed the increase in lordosis otherwise seen in females given saline. However, when saline was given to females previously treated with CNO, their lordosis quotients were as high as other females repeatedly given saline. No disruptive behavioral effects of CNO were seen in estrous females lacking DREADD infections of the Me. Finally, CNO attenuated the ability of male pheromones to stimulate Fos expression in the Me of DREADD-infected mice but not in non-infected females. Our results affirm the importance of Me signaling in females' chemosensory preferences and in the acute expression of lordosis. However, they provide no indication that Me signaling is required for the increase in receptivity normally seen after repeated hormone priming and testing with a male.
Images of past teachers: Present when you teach

Abstract Although research suggests that pre-service and novice teachers' instructional practice is influenced by their history as language learners, the question remains as to whether these experiences continue to be made manifest in the practice of experienced teachers. The interest in this study was to examine how an experienced teacher was influenced by her own history as a language learner and the extent to which she was aware of the obvious or subtle ways that the past influenced her current teaching practices. This linkage was investigated through relating stories told by the teacher about her past experiences to observations in her English classroom. Findings suggested that the teacher's own positive experiences studying French influenced the warm and structured learning environment of her classroom, while her negative experiences with explicit grammar instruction may have contributed to her own minimal focus on grammar in the classroom. However, findings illustrated the complex relationship between present practice and past experiences, suggesting that the value of exploring past experiences lies not in determining the exact nature of those experiences or exactly how they align to present practice, but in examining the stories that constitute one's identity.
Racial Reconciliation and Inclusive Excellence at Church-Related Colleges and Universities.

In recent years, the topic of multiculturalism has often been a divisive issue. Although some argue that highlighting particularities allows for richer and more productive dialogue across differenc...
Examining Influences of Parenting Styles and Practices on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Latino Children in the United States: Integrative Review.

Background: Research indicates that parents influence their children’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) through their parenting styles and practices. Objective: The objectives of this paper were to evaluate existing research examining the associations between parenting styles, parenting practices, and PA and SB among Latino children aged between 2 and 12 years, highlight limitations of the existing research, and generate suggestions for future research. Methods: The method of this integrative review was informed by methods developed by Whittemore and Knafl, which allow for the inclusion of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines, five electronic academic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and CINAHL) were searched for peer-reviewed, full-text papers published in English. Of the 641 unique citations identified, 67 full-text papers were retrieved, and 16 were selected for review. Results: The majority of the 16 reviewed studies were conducted with predominantly Mexican American or Mexican immigrant samples, and only 1 study examined the association between parenting styles and Latino children’s PA and SB. Most (n=15) reviewed studies assessed the influence of parenting practices on children’s PA and SB, and they provide good evidence that parenting practices such as offering verbal encouragement, prompting the child to be physically active, providing logistic support, engaging and being involved in PA, monitoring, and offering reinforcement and rewards encourage, facilitate, or increase children’s PA. The examined studies also provide evidence that parenting practices, such as setting rules and implementing PA restrictions due to safety concerns, weather, and using psychological control discourage, hinder, or decrease children’s PA. Conclusions: Because this review found a very small number of studies examining the relationship between parenting styles and Latino children’s PA and SB, additional research is needed. Given that the majority of reviewed studies were conducted with predominantly Mexican American or Mexican immigrant samples, additional research examining parenting styles, parenting practices, and PA and SB among multiethnic Latino groups is needed to design interventions tailored to the needs of this ethnically diverse population group.
Butterfly metamaterial for acoustic hologramic imaging through superlensing capability (Conference Presentation)

Recent development of artificially engineered metamaterial has significantly widened the range of acoustic responses found in nature. Propagation of elastic waves through such composite materials unveils many applications most of which are acoustic analogue of electromagnetic metamaterials. While holographic imaging using electromagnetic metamaterials is visually indistinguishable from original object, hologramic acoustic imaging is still in a trivial stage. In this article, a conceptual design of butterfly shaped engineered metamaterial consisting of an array of full ring resonators at multiple-length scales embedded in a polymer matrix is reported. Wave propagation in the proposed media is largely affected by the geometrical anisotropy and the anisotropic constituent materials. Introduction of local anisotropy made this engineered structure a suitable candidate for ultrasonic wave bifurcation and convergence. A numerical simulation confirms the negative refraction phenomenon near 37.3 kHz and explores the superlensing capability. Wave dispersion and transmission were analyzed, which showed the formation of acoustic image at a distance away from the source. While superlensing capability is found primarily in electromagnetic metamaterials, local anisotropy in this butterfly design causes negative refraction that results in acoustic hologramic image formation. As the negative refraction leads to a richness of diversified material properties, the proposed acoustic metamaterial will have important applications in biomedical devices, ultrasonic imaging, wave guiding and marine transportations.
Alcohol-impaired driving in US counties, 2002-2012.

Excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-impaired driving remain significant public health problems, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly among younger populations. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we employed a small areas modeling strategy to estimate the county-level annual prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving in every United States county for the years 2002 through 2012, the latest year in which county identifiers were publicly available. Alcohol-impaired driving episodes declined from 157.0 million in 2002 (prevalence 3.8%: 95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3.7%–4.0%) to 129.7 million in 2012 (prevalence 3.7%: 95% UI, 3.5%–3.8%), a 17.4% decline. There is considerable variation in the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving at the county level, ranging from 2.0% in the Sitka City Borough of Alaska to 9.3% in Nance County, Nebraska. Clusters of increased alcohol-impaired driving were observed in Northern Wisconsin (Marinette, Florence, Forest, Vilas, Oneida, Iron counties), North Dakota (Cavalier, Pembina, Walsh, Ramsey, Nelson, Benson, Eddy counties) and Montana (Sheridan, Daniels, Roosevelt, Valley, Phillips, Petroleum, Garfield counties). This study showed guarded progress with respect to the occurrence of alcohol-impaired driving episodes in the US from 2002 to 2012. Because these data rely on self-report, this likely represents an underestimate of the true prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving in the US. As the US continues to have several million episodes of alcohol-impaired driving each month, renewed efforts are needed to mitigate this high-risk health behavior.
Reconfigurable Visual Computing Architecture for Extreme-Scale Visual Analytics

Major advancements in computational and sensor hardware have enormously facilitated the generation and collection of research data by scientists - the volume, velocity and variety of Big ’Research’ Data has increased across all disciplines. A visual analytics platform capable of handling extreme-scale data will enable scientists to visualize unwieldy data in an intuitive manner and guide the development of sophisticated and targeted analytics to obtain useable information. Reconfigurable Visual Computing Architecture is an attempt to provide scientists with the ability to analyze the extreme-scale data collected. Reconfigurable Visual Computing Architecture requires the research and development of new interdisciplinary technological tools that integrate data, realtime predictive analytics, visualization, and acceleration on heterogeneous computing platforms. Reconfigurable Visual Computing Architecture will provide scientists with a streamlined visual analytics tool.
Burns associated with wars and disasters

Military operations and civilian mass casualty disasters provide among the most difficult scenarios in burn-patient management. At the same time, they historically have also led to changes in care. The purpose of this chapter is to review experience with burn care during current combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and to highlight the lessons learned from a century of major peacetime fire disasters.
Fungal infection in heart-lung transplant recipients receiving single-agent prophylaxis with itraconazole.

Objectives: Heart and lung transplant recipients are at risk for invasive fungal infections. This study evaluated the affect of single-agent antifungal prophylaxis with itraconazole on the rate of fungal infections after heart or lung transplant. Materials and Methods: An observational, retrospective study was performed to evaluate the rate of fungal infections in heart and lung transplant recipients at the University of Kentucky Medical Center over 4.5 years who received itraconazole as a single therapy prophylaxis. Results: Eighty-three recipients (42 heart, 41 lung) had an overall fungal infection incidence of 16.9% (14/83), while the incidence was 11.9% for heart recipients (5/42), and 22.0% for lung recipients (9/41). Conclusions: Single-agent use with itraconazole in heart or lung transplant recipients did not affect the rate of fungal infection as compared with previous reports. The incidence of fungal infection increased significantly within 3 months after escalation of immunosuppressant for treatment of acute rejection.
Cold Thermoregulation in the Newborn Calf

During the fetal to neonatal transition, the newborn calf encounters severe thermolysis due to an abrupt change in thermal environment that is compounded by evaporation of fetal fluids and severe weather conditions. Maintenance of homeothermy during the neonatal period necessitates an acute and sustained thermogenic response by the newborn calf. It is now widely accepted that this thermogenic response is derived from both shivering thermogenesis in muscle tissue and nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). It is critical that newborn calves possess functional BAT during the neonatal period. This article focuses on the pre- and postnatal factors that influence nonshivering thermogenesis of BAT in the neonatal calf.
Financing New School Construction and Modernization: Evidence from California

In this paper, we examine the level and distribution of school facilities spending in California. We find that spending levels dropped prior to passage of Proposition 13. While spending on school facilities has increased in the past decade, California's per capita spending is still 20 percent lower than the national average. We also find that revenue for school facilities is quite unequally distributed across school districts. This disparity is explained almost equally by differences in enrollment growth and assessed values of property. (National Tax Journal LIV: 527-39, September.)
Nature of Metal-Metal Bonding in Mixed Metal Catalysts

Abstract The nature of the electronic and physical properties of ultrathin Cu and Pd films on Ta(110) have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The results indicate that monolayers of Cu and Pd on Ta(110) have lower electron densities than that measured for the surface atoms of Cu(100) and Pd(100), respectively. By comparison of the present results with those for other Cu, Ni and Pd films, correlations are found among the electronic perturbations of the monolayer films, the metal-substrate cohesive bond strength and the chemisorption properties of the monolayer films toward CO. A simple model is described to explain the direction and magnitude of the electronic perturbations. Surface electronegativity is defined and is found to be quite different from electronegativities in bulk alloys. The electronic state of the metal overlayer is determined to be an excellent indicator of the ability to chemisorb CO.
Making good use of JWST's coronagraphs: tools and strategies from a user's perspective

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and its suite of instruments, modes and high contrast capabilities will enable imaging and characterization of faint and dusty astrophysical sources1-3 (exoplanets, proto-planetary and debris disks, dust shells, etc.) in the vicinity of hosts (stars of all sorts, active galactic nuclei, etc.) with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and angular resolution at wavelengths beyond 2 μm. Two of its four instruments, NIRCam4, 5 and MIRI,6 feature coronagraphs7, 8 for wavelengths from 2 to 23 μm. JWST will stretch the current parameter space (contrast at a given separation) towards the infrared with respect to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and in sensitivity with respect to what is currently achievable from the ground with the best adaptive optics (AO) facilities. The Coronagraphs Working Group at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) along with the Instruments Teams and internal/external partners coordinates efforts to provide the community with the best possible preparation tools, documentation, pipelines, etc. Here we give an update on user support and operational aspects related to coronagraphy. We aim at demonstrating an end to end observing strategy and data management chain for a few science use cases involving coronagraphs. This includes the choice of instrument modes as well as the observing and point-spread function (PSF) subtraction strategies (e.g. visibility, reference stars selection tools, small grid dithers), the design of the proposal with the Exposure Time Calculator (ETC), and the Astronomer's Proposal Tool (APT), the generation of realistic simulated data at small working angles and the generation of high level, science-grade data products enabling calibration and state of the art data-processing.
Ceramic production and consumption in an in-between place: Instrumental neutron activation analysis of ceramics from the Manialtepec Basin of Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract This paper reports the results of instrumental neutron activation analysis of 66 pottery samples from seven archaeological sites in the Manialtepec Basin of Oaxaca, Mexico. Located on the central Pacific coast, the Manialtepec Basin is a 60 km2 pocket surrounded by mountains and dominated by a 1200-ha lagoon. Settlement survey of the basin has identified 21 archaeological sites spanning the Late Formative (400–150 BCE) to the Late Postclassic (1100-1522CE) periods. Although the basin's small size and circumscribed agricultural terrain likely limited precolumbian populations, its geographic position would have placed it interstitially between several significant regional political centers, notably the lower Rio Verde valley (57 km to the west), the Valley of Oaxaca (130 km to the north), and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (300 km to the east). Recent research has focused on understanding how inhabitants of the Manialtepec Basin engaged with other regions of Oaxaca and Mesoamerica. INAA results confirm the existence of a local ceramic industry, with pottery production and intra-basin exchange continuing for nearly 2000 years. The evidence also indicates that the basin's inhabitants were aware of, and actively involved in, broader regional trends in ceramic manufacture. They nonetheless maintained an independent and distinct local ceramic industry despite major geopolitical shifts like the collapse of Oaxacan metropoles and the conquest of the basin by the Mixtec Tututepec Empire in the Late Postclassic period. Our results highlight the agency and dynamism of potters in an in-between place.
A phase I study of temsirolimus plus erlotinib in patients with refractory solid tumors.

2600 Background: Resistance to treatment with inhibitors of mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is partially mediated by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Based on pre-clinica...
Community interactions at crowd scale: hybrid crowds on the GitHub platform

Communities and crowds have both been popular settings for the study of open innovation, but until recently, scholars have tended to study each in relative isolation from the other. The separate st...