cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of older psychiatric inpatients with borderline personality disorder.

This case study investigation considers typical and potentially unique characteristics of older (> 50 years) Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) patients and describes their impact on an inpatient psychiatric unit encompassing a therapeutic milieu setting and multidisciplinary treatment teams. The somatization of symptoms, in particular, and the associated therapeutic, medical, and psychopharmacological interventions, result in prolonged and elaborate treatments that undermine clinical and personal boundaries, clash with managed care directives, and engender frustrating and elusive transferential and countertransferential reactions. Moreover, the guilt-inducing nature of somatization and physical frailty in older individuals, combined with the well-documented ability of BPD patients, regardless of age, to incite stormy and ‘split’ relationships, are linked characteristics that may describe a diagnostic subtype of BPD. Rather than suggesting a diminution of psychopathology as BPD patients age, the results of this investigation indicate that their persistent difficulties may only be altering in content and in pathological adaptation to changing needs.
Analysis of Consensus Networks Driven by Symmetric- $\alpha$ -Stable Motion

This manuscript discusses consensus seeking networks in the presence of non-Gaussian stochastic noise. We explore the fundamental principles of the solutions of the systems and we define performance measures similar to the ones used in the case of Gaussian stochastic noise. We outline the technical difficulties for the exact calculation of these measures and we propose estimates. It is argued that the conventional design tools in optimal network synthesis become obsolete, when the stochastic source of perturbation is not Gaussian.
Technique for Tissue Containment and Extraction in the Complex Minimally Invasive Myomectomy Setting.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To achieve tissue containment and extraction for numerous and large myomas in the complex minimally invasive difficult myomectomy setting via a surgical tutorial including technical pointers and suggestions Design A step-by-step explanation of the .surgery using video (instructive video) (Canadian Task Force classification III). Institutional review board approval was not required for this study. Setting George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC. Patients Multiple patients with a high number or large size of leiomyomata. Interventions Four reproducible techniques that enable the minimally invasive gynecologic surgeon to perform complex tissue containment and extraction: 1. Stringing of myomas: in this technique, a barbed suture is used to string all of the enucleated myomas. Such a technique ensures that no myomas are left behind at the conclusion of the case ( Fig. 1 ). 2. Containment using an Endocatch bag (Covidien, Mansfield, MA): a 15-mm Endocatch bag is preloaded in the abdomen at the beginning of the case and used as a pouch to collect all of the enucleated myomas. This technique is efficient in accounting for a large number of myomas. 3. Extraction using the Alexis Containment and Extraction System (Applied Medical, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA): this technique facilitates tissue extraction and is preferably reserved for larger diameter myomas ( Fig. 2 ). 4. The paper roll technique for specimen extraction: this technique helps the surgeon extract the specimen in an efficient and controlled manner. Measurements and Main Results One of the main challenges encountered with minimally invasive myomectomy procedures includes myoma containment and extraction. Given the potential risks for leiomyomatosis and the spread of leiomyosarcoma, the Food and Drug Administration banned electromechanical morcellation device usage [1] . After implementation of the ban and fueled by the increasing size and number of myomas removed through minimally invasive techniques, tissue containment and extraction are becoming increasingly challenging. This shift is partly reflected by the number of complications attributable to surgeon experience 2 , 3 . With the increase in the number of myomas removed during a minimally invasive myomectomy, the risk of myoma retention in the abdominal cavity is amplified. Also, the increase in the myoma size removed through minimally invasive surgery renders tissue extraction through contained, extracorporeal, manual morcellation more challenging 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . Inefficiencies in tissue containment and extraction could potentially be hazardous to the patient's safety and detrimental to the operating room efficiency, and the AAGL Practice Report on tissue extraction emphasizes that the use of specimen retrieval pouches should be investigated further 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 . Patients underwent uncomplicated complex minimally invasive myomectomy. Conclusion Mastering these reproducible techniques maximizes patient safety and operating room efficiency during minimally invasive myomectomy procedures.
Differential peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation regulates MAP kinase signaling in human articular chondrocytes

The peroxiredoxin (Prx) family of Cys-dependent peroxidases control intracellular levels of H2O2 and can regulate signal transduction. Inhibition of the Prxs, through hyperoxidation amongst other mechanisms, leads to oxidative stress conditions that can alter homeostatic signaling. To determine the effects oxidation of Prx1-Prx3 has on MAP kinase and IGF-1 signaling events in human chondrocytes, this study used 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione) and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) as H2O2-generating tools due to their differential mechanisms of action. Menadione and DMNQ generated similar levels of intracellular H2O2 as determined using the biosensor Orp1-roGFP and by measuring Prx redox status. However, menadione generated higher levels of mitochondrial H2O2 associated with Prx3 hyperoxidation and phosphorylation of Prx1 while DMNQ treatment was associated with hyperoxidation of cytosolic Prx1 and Prx2 but not mitochondrial Prx3. Both menadione and DMNQ induced sustained phosphorylation of p38 but only DMNQ activated JNK. Menadione but not DMNQ inhibited IGF-1-induced Akt phosphorylation. Chondrocytes transduced with an adenoviral vector to overexpress Prx3 displayed decreased PrxSO2/3 formation in response to menadione which was associated with restoration of IGF-1-mediated Akt signaling and inhibition of p38 phosphorylation. Prx1 and Prx2 overexpression had no effects on Prx redox status but Prx1 overexpression enhanced basal Akt phosphorylation. These results suggest that hyperoxidation of specific Prx isoforms is associated with distinct cell signaling events and identify Prx3 redox status as an important regulator of anabolic and catabolic signal transduction. Targeted strategies to prevent mitochondrial Prx3 hyperoxidation could be useful in maintaining cellular redox balance and homeostatic signaling.
Fishery Socioeconomic Outcomes Tool: A rapid assessment tool for evaluating socioeconomic performance of fisheries management

Abstract As linked social-ecological systems, evaluating the socioeconomic outcomes of fisheries management is essential to understanding fishery performance. While a number of tools have been developed in recent years to evaluate social and economic outcomes of fisheries, many require extensive data collection, making them difficult to implement on a large scale, while others rely on existing data, limiting their applicability to data-limited fisheries. Additionally, socioeconomic objectives of fisheries are likely to differ substantially between fisheries of different scales operating in different geographic and socio-cultural contexts, making the development of universal indicators and comparing results between fisheries challenging. This paper describes a novel tool for evaluating and tracking fishery management socioeconomic outcomes by linking outcomes directly to management objectives. Indicators of these outcomes are scored by key informants and weighted according to the importance of particular fishery management objectives, resulting in standardized scores of fishery management outcomes. The resulting scores can be compared between fisheries and tracked over time. This tool was tested in two disparate fisheries on the U.S. West Coast and in Sinaloa, Mexico. Results of testing demonstrate that the outcomes generated similar scores, although the primary objectives of each were very different, permitting comparison of the performance of the two fisheries. The results for the West Coast groundfish fishery were groundtruthed using existing data to assess reliability of survey scores. This tool furthers the landscape of fishery evaluation by enabling comparison of performance among dissimilar fisheries and by facilitating the rapid assessment of social outcomes of fisheries management.
Sex ratios and life tables: Historical demography of the age at which women outnumber men in seven countries, 1850–2016

AbstractThe male/female sex ratio (SR) and its age-specific patterns vary considerably across time and place. The SR generally begins male-biased at birth and becomes female-biased later in life, b...
Fusarium virguliforme Transcriptional Plasticity Is Revealed by Host Colonization of Maize versus Soybean.

We exploited the broad host range of Fusarium virguliforme to identify differential fungal responses leading to either an endophytic or a pathogenic lifestyle during colonization of maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max), respectively. To provide a foundation to survey the transcriptomic landscape, we produced an improved de novo genome assembly and annotation of F. virguliforme using PacBio sequencing. Next, we conducted a high-resolution time course of F. virguliforme colonization and infection of both soybean, a symptomatic host, and maize, an asymptomatic host. Comparative transcriptomic analyses uncovered a nearly complete network rewiring, with less than 8% average gene coexpression module overlap upon colonizing the different plant hosts. Divergence of transcriptomes originating from host specific temporal induction genes is central to infection and colonization, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and necrosis inducing effectors. Upregulation of Zn(II)-Cys6 transcription factors were uniquely induced in soybean at 2 d postinoculation, suggestive of enhanced pathogen virulence on soybean. In total, the data described herein suggest that F. virguliforme modulates divergent infection profiles through transcriptional plasticity.
Slowing the Spread and Minimizing the Impact of COVID-19: Lessons from the Past and Recommendations for the Plastic Surgeon.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel coronavirus originating in December of 2019 in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has spread rapidly throughout the globe over 3 months. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. COVID-19 represents a nearly unprecedented threat to both the public health and the durability of our health care systems and will profoundly affect the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The objective of this article is to provide a natural history of COVID-19-including virology, epidemiology, and transmission patterns-and a guide for plastic surgeons regarding patient and resource management. Methods The authors reviewed existing literature regarding COVID-19, both primary research and secondary reviews, by means of PubMed queries, and recommendations from relevant professional organizations (e.g., American College of Surgeons and American Society of Plastic Surgeons). The literature and recommendations were summarized to provide a specific guide for plastic surgeons. Results Internationally, over 5.7 million cases and 357,000 deaths from COVID-19 have been reported at the time of writing. No pharmacologic treatments have been identified, but epidemiologic strategies were identified to prevent viral spread, preserve health care resources, and protect patients and surgeons globally. Specific recommendations for plastic and reconstructive surgeons include postponing elective cases and transitioning to telecommunication platforms for patient consultations and education. Conclusions COVID-19 represents a nearly unprecedented threat to the public health and the durability of health care systems in the contemporary era. Although plastic and reconstructive surgery may seem relatively remote from the pandemic in direct patient care and exposure, our field can significantly enhance health care resource management.
Daily Tutor Scheduling Support at Hopeful Journeys Educational Center

Hopeful Journeys Educational Center faces a daily task of assigning tutors to students subject to myriad complex rules and restrictions. The organization’s mission, which is to provide individualiz...
Identification of selection and inhibition components in a Go/NoGo task from EEG spectra using a machine learning classifier

Introduction Prior Go/NoGo studies have localized specific regions and EEG spectra for which traditional approaches have distinguished between Go and NoGo conditions. A more detailed characterization of the spatial distribution and timing of the synchronization of frequency bands would contribute substantially to the clarification of neural mechanisms that underlie performance of the Go/NoGo task. Methods The present study used a machine learning approach to learn the features that distinguish between ERSPs involved in selection and inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. A single-layer neural network classifier was used to predict task conditions for each subject to characterize ERSPs associated with Go versus NoGo trials. Results The final classifier accurately identified individual task conditions at an overall rate of 92%, estimated by fivefold cross-validation. The detailed accounting of EEG time-frequency patterns localized to brain regions (i.e., thalamus, pre-SMA, orbitofrontal cortex, and superior parietal cortex) corroborates and also elaborates upon previous findings from fMRI and EEG studies, and expands the information about EEG power changes in multiple frequency bands (i.e., primarily theta power increase, alpha decreases, and beta increases and decreases) within these regions underlying the selection and inhibition processes engaged in the Go and NoGo trials. Conclusion This time-frequency-based classifier extends previous spatiotemporal findings and provides information about neural mechanisms underlying selection and inhibition processes engaged in Go and NoGo trials, respectively. This neural network classifier can be used to assess time-frequency patterns from an individual subject and thus may offer insight into therapeutic uses of neuromodulation in neural dysfunction.
Spatially Resolved Stellar Populations of Eight GOODS-South AGN at z~1

We present a pilot study of the stellar populations of 8 AGN hosts at z~1 and compare to (1) lower redshift samples and (2) a sample of nonactive galaxies of similar redshift. We utilize K' images in the GOODS South field obtained with the laser guide star adaptive optics (LGSAO) system at Keck Observatory. We combine this K' data with B, V, i, and z imaging from the ACS on HST to give multi-color photometry at a matched spatial resolution better than 100 mas in all bands. The hosts harbor AGN as inferred from their high X-ray luminosities (L_X > 10^42 ergs/s) or mid-IR colors. We find a correlation between the presence of younger stellar populations and the strength of the AGN, as measured with [OIII] line luminosity or X-ray (2-10 keV) luminosity. This finding is consistent with similar studies at lower redshift. Of the three Type II galaxies, two are disk galaxies and one is of irregular type, while in the Type I sample there only one disk-like source and four sources with smooth, elliptical/spheroidal morphologies. In addition, the mid-IR SEDs of the strong Type II AGN indicate that they are excited to LIRG (Luminous InfraRed Galaxy) status via galactic starbursting, while the strong Type I AGN are excited to LIRG status via hot dust surrounding the central AGN. This supports the notion that the obscured nature of Type II AGN at z~1 is connected with global starbursting and that they may be extincted by kpc-scale dusty features that are byproducts of this starbursting.
Vitis sp., Vitaceae and viticulture in the Indus Civilization, South Asia ca. 3200–1500 bc: a critical review

Grape (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) has been identified as part of the Indus Civilization crop assemblage. As a non-native crop, with a wild ancestor that does not grow in the region, its presence in northern South Asia ca. 3200–1300 bc has thus been used to argue variously as evidence for crop diffusion, long distance trade, and the adoption of foreign agricultural strategies and foodways. Grape identification, particularly between wild and domesticated species, is complex. In this article the challenges of identifying ‘grape’ in South Asian antiquity are explored. The overreliance on length, breadth and thickness measurements, with limited description and a lack of standardisation are considered. Furthermore, an examination of the local flora demonstrates that there are multiple Vitaceae genera being possible ‘grape’ contenders in the region. Identification criteria for local Vitaceae need to be better developed to more understand the role of Indus grapes in order for the complicated social interpretations of ‘what grapes means in the Indus’ to be maintained.
Inherent Logical Structure of Computational Data: Its Role in Storage and Retrieval Strategies to Support User Queries

This paper describes a data management strategy which implements the thesis that the design of object-oriented. scientific databases (e.g., the data structures, hashing procedures) should incorporate the domain-specific relations of objects in the database to facilitate extraction and extrapolation services required by user queries. The strategy has been used to create object-oriented databases from data sets computed by iterating over meshes, incorporating a variety of geometries and coordinate systems. One set of data structures defining the data object and the hashing maps is sufficient to manage this type of data (multiple scalar and vector quantities at nodes in an n dimensional mesh) for interactive examination on both serial and massively parallel facilities. The question raised is: can this approach which exploits the inherent logical relations of meshed data generated by simulations of fluid flows be applied to scientific data from other domains with different inherent relations?
The Role of the School's Social Environment in Preventing Student Drug Use

Correlational and intervention studies of school environmental factors associated with student drug use and prevention are summarized. Major factors that emerge in the correlational studies are school supportiveness, sense of community, and opportunities for students to interact and to exert influence. Similar factors are involved in the intervention studies, with the development of a sense of community and attachment to school central, although the means by which these are approached differ across projects. A common conclusion seems to be that a supportive environment increases students' attachment to school and thereby their inclination to abide by the school's norms and values.
α-(5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazolyl)hydrogenobamide and Its Copper and Zinc Analogues

Abstract Chromatium (ATCC 17899), when grown in the presence of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, produces α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)hydrogenobamide as the principal descobaltocorrinoid rather then phenylhydrogenobamide. Insertion of cobalt under neutral conditions converts it into hydroxocobalamin. Methods for the preparation of the corresponding copper and zinc analogues are described. The hydrogeno, copper, and zinc analogues are characterized by their spectral and electrophoretic properties. All three analogues are active as antimetabolites to vitamin B12 in suppressing the growth of Lactobacillus leichmanii (ATCC 7830).
The Creation of a U.S. Homeland Security Intelligence Academy

This article discusses the need for establishing a federally run, full-time, resident, self-contained national academy: the U.S. Homeland Security Intelligence Academy (HSIA). At HSIA, students will earn an undergraduate degree in homeland security and intelligence studies. This program will provide students with homeland security and intelligence-related practical and tactical skills as well as relevant leadership capabilities. It is the goal of HSIA to produce tier-one education and training for future homeland security and intelligence-focused agents and other professionals.
Changing the Balance in an Unjust World: Learning to Teach Mathematics for Social Justice

JOAN KWAKO is an assistant professor of mathematics education in the Education Department in the College of Education and Human Service Professions, at the University of Minnesota Duluth, 125 Bohannon Hall, Duluth, MN 55812; email: jkwako@d.umn.edu. Her research interests include alternative assessment, in particular, collaborative testing and teaching mathematics with and for social justice. PUBLIC STORIES OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATORS
Synapse-Associated Protein 97 Selectively Associates with a Subset of AMPA Receptors Early in their Biosynthetic Pathway

The regulation of AMPA receptors at the postsynaptic membrane is a fundamental component of synaptic plasticity. In the hippocampus, the induction of long-term potentiation increases the delivery of GluR1, a major AMPA receptor subunit in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, to the synaptic plasma membrane through a mechanism that requires the PDZ binding domain of GluR1. Synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97), a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family, is believed to associate with AMPA receptors (AMPARs) containing the GluR1 subunit, but the functional significance of these interactions is unclear. We investigated the interaction of GluR1 with SAP97, the only PDZ protein known to interact with GluR1. We find that interactions involving SAP97 and GluR1 occur early in the secretory pathway, while the receptors are in the endoplasmic reticulum or cis -Golgi. In contrast, few synaptic receptors associate with SAP97, suggesting that SAP97 dissociates from the receptor complex at the plasma membrane. We also show that internalization of GluR1, as triggered by NMDAR activation, does not require SAP97. These results implicate GluR1–SAP97 interactions in mechanisms underlying AMPA receptor targeting.
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Haskell

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 2nd ACM Haskell Symposium. This meeting follows the first occurrence of the Haskell Symposium last year and 11 previous instances of the Haskell Workshop. The name change reflects both the steady increase of influence of the Haskell Workshop on the wider community as well as the increasing number of high quality submissions. The Call for Papers attracted 31 submissions from Asia, Europe, North and South America, of which 12 were accepted. During the review period, each paper was evaluated by at least three Program Committee members, and many papers received an additional external review. Based on these reviews, the submissions were chosen during a five-day electronic PC meeting and judged on their impact, clarity and relevance to the Haskell community. Because of the constraints of a one-day workshop, many papers with valuable contributions could not be accepted. To accommodate more papers, the PC chose to allocate 25-minute presentation slots for 11 papers and allocate a 15-minute slot for one paper, a short experience report. The program also includes a tool demonstration and a discussion on the future of Haskell.
Total N-Acetylcysteine Levels Are Elevated in the Plasma of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Abstract Previously, we reported the effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on the concentration of total plasma homocysteine in patients with chronic renal failure. Total plasma NAC was determined before and after p.o. administration of NAC as a measure of patient compliance. However, we did not fully describe the method by which the total plasma N-acetylcysteine was measured, and we did not report the levels of total plasma N-acetylcysteine before or after administration of N-acetylcysteine. Total plasma N-acetylcysteine concentration was determined by reducing the sample with sodium borohydride, precipitating the proteins and quantifying N-acetylcysteine using HPLC with electrochemical detection. The mean concentration of total plasma N-acetylcysteine was 4.0 μM ± 2.1 μM in patients with chronic renal failure, which is greater than the level found in healthy subjects. Following administration of 1.2 g of NAC p.o. the average concentration of total plasma N-acetylcysteine was found to be 14.5 μM ± 9....
A novel bidirectional DC-DC converter with ZVS and interleaving for dual voltage systems in automobiles

This paper presents a novel bidirectional DC-DC converter for 42V/14V dual voltage systems in automobiles. The converter uses clamped zero voltage switching to minimize losses, and interleaving for reduced current ripple. SABER simulations are presented to verify the design. The simulation results are confirmed by hardware implementation.
A Cloud to Mobile Application for Consumer Behavior Modification

Abstract Consumer behavior modification in the residential energy market aims to monitor consumer energy usage and enforce behavior change through energy pricing or showing the impact to the individual consumer's CO 2 emissions when using energy at peak hours versus at non-peak hours. This study presents a cloud connected mobile application and cloud based architecture that focuses on improving the homeowner's “know” and “care”, aiming to influence actions through transformation of moral in addition to monetary savings. The system developed accesses consumer energy consumption using smart meters installed on customer premises, predicts future energy consumption using a cloud application and finally provides the “know” and “care” information to the user in a mobile gaming application. The system presents a cloud based solution for effecting customer behavior modification in the electricity market with a mobile interface that encourages consumers to offset their energy usage during peak hours in order to achieve full energy efficiency potential.
Chapter 6 Attractors of Navier-Stokes Equations

Dynamics of fluids is governed by the equations of hydrodynamics. The long-time behavior of fluids can be adequately described in terms of attractors of the equations. This chapter presents attractors associated with the Navier–Stokes system of hydrodynamics (NS system). This chapter considers two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes systems with either no-slip or periodic boundary conditions. The theory of the NS system has to deal with non-scalar equations and with the divergence-free condition that leads to non-local operators. Therefore, mathematical methods developed for the NS system have to be rather general and usually can easily be extended to more complicated physical systems. The Navier–Stokes system takes the form ∂ t u = F ( u ) after the pressure is excluded; it describes the evolution of divergence-free vector fields u (t) = u (x, t) in an appropriate function space. In many problems of hydrodynamics the influence of the initial data has vanished after a long time has elapsed; therefore, permanent regimes are of importance.
Eliminating the confusion surrounding concussions in sports

Importance A report by the Institute of Medicine called for comprehensive nationwide concussion incidence data across the spectrum of athletes aged 5 to 23 years. Objective To describe the incidence of concussion in athletes participating in youth, high school, and collegiate American football. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were collected by athletic trainers at youth, high school, and collegiate football practices and games to create multiple prospective observational cohorts during the 2012 and 2013 football seasons. Data were collected from July 1, 2012, through January 31, 2013, for the 2012 season and from July 1, 2013, through January 31, 2014, for the 2013 season. The Youth Football Surveillance System included 118 youth football teams, providing 4092 athlete-seasons. The National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network program included 96 secondary school football programs, providing 11 957 athlete-seasons. The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program included 24 member institutions, providing 4305 athlete-seasons. Exposures All injuries regardless of severity, including concussions, and athlete exposure information were documented by athletic trainers during practices and games. Main Outcomes and Measures Injury rates, injury rate ratios, risks, risk ratios, and 95% CIs were calculated. Results Concussions comprised 9.6%, 4.0%, and 8.0% of all injuries reported in the Youth Football Surveillance System; National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network; and National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program, respectively. The game concussion rate was higher than the practice concussion rate across all 3 competitive levels. The game concussion rate for college athletes (3.74 per 1000 athlete exposures) was higher than those for high school athletes (injury rate ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.50-2.31) and youth athletes (injury rate ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17-2.10). The practice concussion rate in college (0.53 per 1000 athlete exposures) was lower than that in high school (injury rate ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.96). Youth football had the lowest 1-season concussion risks in 2012 (3.53%) and 2013 (3.13%). The 1-season concussion risk was highest in high school (9.98%) and college (5.54%) in 2012. Conclusions and Relevance Football practices were a major source of concussion at all 3 levels of competition. Concussions during practice might be mitigated and should prompt an evaluation of technique and head impact exposure. Although it is more difficult to change the intensity or conditions of a game, many strategies can be used during practice to limit player-to-player contact and other potentially injurious behaviors. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(7):659-665. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0210 Language: en
Engineering Escherichia coli coculture systems for the production of biochemical products

Engineering microbial consortia to express complex biosynthetic pathways efficiently for the production of valuable compounds is a promising approach for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Here, we report the design, optimization, and scale-up of an Escherichia coli-E. coli coculture that successfully overcomes fundamental microbial production limitations, such as high-level intermediate secretion and low-efficiency sugar mixture utilization. For the production of the important chemical cis,cis-muconic acid, we show that the coculture approach achieves a production yield of 0.35 g/g from a glucose/xylose mixture, which is significantly higher than reported in previous reports. By efficiently producing another compound, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, we also demonstrate that the approach is generally applicable for biosynthesis of other important industrial products.
A Values Framework for Measuring the Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Performance

Growing interest in workplace spirituality has led to the development of a new paradigm in organizational science. Theoretical assumptions abound as to how workplace spirituality might enhance organizational performance, most postulating a significant positive impact. Here, that body of research has been reviewed and analyzed, and a resultant values framework for workplace spirituality is introduced, providing the groundwork for empirical testing. A discussion of the factors and assumptions involved for future research are outlined.
Instrumentation for the Keck Observatory

Current instruments and plans for new instruments for the W.M. Keck Observatory are reviewed on behalf of the Keck Science Steering Committee. Much has happened in the last two years. Both 10-meter telescopes have been in full operation for some time and each has a significant complement of instruments. Adaptive optics systems are functioning on both telescopes, the Keck II laser guide star system has been tested, and the Keck Interferometer has achieved first fringes. The existing LRIS spectrograph on Keck I has been upgraded to provide a UV/blue optimized channel and two new instruments have been delivered within the past year, namely, DEIMOS, a multi-object spectrograph and NIRC2, a diffraction-limited IR camera. A near-infrared integral field unit spectrometer for AO is currently under development, as is a CCD detector upgrade for the existing HIRES spectrograph. Future plans include detector upgrades for LRIS-R, and a powerful wide-field near-IR multi-object spectrometer.
Alcohol binging exacerbates adipose tissue inflammation following burn injury.

Background Alcohol intoxication resulting from binge-drinking episodes is a leading cause of traumatic injury. Alcohol affects systemic responses critical for restoring homeostasis during the postinjury period. The lingering consequences of alcohol intoxication at time of injury are of relevance to the management of the trauma victim. Methods The study by Qin and colleagues (2013) used intraperitoneal alcohol administration to achieve blood alcohol concentrations of approximately 150 mg/dl to investigate its impact on adipose tissue inflammation following burn injury in a rodent model. The report and the pertinent literature were reviewed to provide perspective on the findings. Results Their results provide evidence of a marked increase in adipose inflammation during the postburn period. These findings identify a potential mechanism by which alcohol abuse and injury can synergize to promote a dysregulated environment conducive to insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and potentially metabolic syndrome if the inflammatory changes in adipose tissue observed were to be sustained over prolonged periods. Conclusions Adipose tissue inflammation potentially leading to metabolic dysregulation during the period following burn injury may further add to the complexities in the management of these patients. The underlying mechanisms need further investigation. The existence of an alcohol use disorder in burn or trauma victims should lead to increased awareness of possible metabolic complications during the recovery period that could be explained by enhanced adipose tissue inflammation.
Recoilless Fraction in Microcrystals

The recoilless fraction $f$ in monoatomic microcrystals is calculated from a lattice-dynamical model. Its dependence on the physical boundary conditions at the surfaces of the crystallites is shown to follow the rule that $f$ increases with increasing stiffness of the binding to the surrounding medium. A modified form of the Debye approximation, which has been used in the past to explain M\"ossbauer-effect experiments on microcrystals, is found to yield results which are incompatible with those derived from lattice dynamics. The reasons for the failure of the Debye approximation to predict the recoilless fraction in microcrystals are discussed.
Just like my nanny: troubling teacher’s social identities in the classroom

Teacher-researcher narrative accounts are essential and insightful for the science education field, yet they are few and far-between. In this forum, I engage in dialogue with Nicole Grimes’s auto-ethnographic narrative on the affordances her femme-Carribean identity allowed for some students to engage more deeply in science. While I agree with and applaud Grimes’s reflection on how her perceived social identity had positive effects on some students’ engagement in science, I trouble the notion of such a social identity being framed solely as an asset to student learning by examining the power dynamics inherent in the enacted nanny-child relationship. I also propose the need for deeper analyses on how a teacher’s social identity can impact students’ learning experiences in the science classroom by looking at how the boundaries of the science classroom are redefined and what additional resources are recruited that can foster deeper engagement.
Light diffusing optical fiber for Illumination

We describe the design of thin, ~ 100-180 micron diameter, optical silica fibers for illumination. The fiber has a silica core with specially engineered scattering centers to scatter light through walls of the fiber across a wide wavelength range
Resonant tunneling devices and circuits

tunneling devices and circuitsJun Shen, Saied Tehrani, Herb Goronkin, and Gary KramerMotorola, Inc., Phoenix Corporate Research Laboratories2100 East Elliot Road, Tempe, Arizona 85284, USAABSTRACTWe review results of logic and memory devices and circuits based on the negative differential resis-tance associated with resonant tunneling and interband tunneling effects. We have fabricated resonantinterband tunneling field effect transistors on both InAs/GaSb/AlSb and InGaAs/InAlAsflnP materialsystems. A new exclusive-NOR device has also been demonstrated. Preliminary results of a FULLADDER will be shown. Static random access memory based on the bistability of two serially connecteddiodes are also achieved. We will show simulations and compare our devices with other approaches anddiscuss important issues related to applications of resonant tunneling devices and circuits.1. INTRODUCTIONThere is a general agreement in the semiconductor industry that the current scaling trend of MOS-FET will reach a quantum barrier when the critical feature size is approaching O.07p.m [1]. There is no,however, consensus yet as what to do for the post-scaling era so that the advancement pace can be contin-ued. Thus, research laboratories around the world are taking different approaches to search for the candi-date of the future technology. One natural approach is to extend the scaling trend further down to thenano-meter scale to explore the novel phenomena (such as single electron Coulomb blockade) unique inthat dimension and find applications of it. Another approach is to utilize the negative differential resis-tance (NDR) effects associated with tunneling (such as resonant tunneling or interband Esaki tunneling)to increase the functionality of the conventional devices. The goal of this approach is to incorporate thenegative differential resistance with the conventional transistors and to make devices that would have thesame or smaller area than the conventional ones and with the functionality of a larger logic or memoryblock. Many logic and memory devices based on nega-tive differential resistance have been proposed and dem-currentonstrated [2-13].For logic applications, a key goal has been to fabri-cate a three terminal device such as a Resonant Tunnel-
Macrophages suppress lectin-induced proliferation of lymphocytes from aged rats

Splenocytes from old rats exhibit a significant reduction in proliferative responses to Con A. This defect can be overcome by passing the cells over nylon wool, which suggests that nylon wool adherent cells contribute to the reduction in proliferation of mixed cell populations from aged rats. To examine the potential role of macrophages in this process, thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were added to Con A-activated spleen cells from young and old rats. Addition of as few as 3% macrophages suppressed proliferation of Con-A-activated splenocytes and this inhibition was significantly greater if either the macrophages or spleen cells were derived from aged rats. Although prostaglandin E2 (PG-E2) inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes and nylon-wool enriched splenocytes from 3-month-old animals, its suppressive effects were much greater on Con A-activated lymphocytes derived from 24-month-old rats. Addition of catalase to deplete macrophage-derived H2O2 resulted in greater augmentation of Con-A-induced proliferative responses of splenocytes from old rats than those from young rats. TGF-beta 2, but not TNF-alpha, also significantly suppressed the proliferation of Con A-activated splenocytes to a greater degree in aged than in young rats. Since macrophages are known to release PG-E2, H2O2 and TGF-beta 2 after stimulation with Con A, these data support the idea that T cells within the splenocyte population become increasingly susceptible during aging to inhibitory products released by macrophages.
An Innovative Distributed Project Control Approach: A Case Study of the Cassini Management Information System (CMIS)

ABSTRACTThe Cassini Project, a NASA-funded exploration mission to Saturn that is being managed by the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA, has developed a distributed project schedule control system for complex development programs. The system is called the Cassini Management Information System (CMIS). The system was built to make schedule control simple, user-friendly, and low-cost. CMIS is distributed across a local area network of PCs and Macintosh computers and consists of four major modules: schedule control, action item tracking, work package implementation plan, and budget tracking. This article focuses on the schedule control module of CMIS. CMIS was one of the innovations introduced in response to the decrees of the U.S. Congress, and subsequently NASA, to conduct space exploration on a fixed-price basis. This article summarizes CMIS development history as a schedule control tool, its key features, and its use by more than 130 engineers and managers.
Importance of Adequate Vitamin A Status During Iron Supplementation

Nutritional deficiencies, including iron deficiency, may promote infection by lowering the body's resistance to infectious diseases. However, it has been shown that administration of iron in developing countries can result in increased morbidity, because pathogenic bacteria may compete effectively for iron in the circulation, resulting in an exacerbation of existing infections. Improved vitamin A status may protect against this potentially harmful effect of iron supplementation in environments where infections are highly prevalent.
Productivity of a tree-length forwarder for logging on wet sites.

A GEMCO tree-length forwarder was used to harvest pine from wet sites. It produced payloads of 26.9 metric tonnes with an average cycle time of 72 minutes. Hourly production averaged 32.9 metric tonnes per PMH while addition of the forwarder and a second loader to the system increased system cost by US$ 67.97/PMH. Use of the forwarder was less expensive than building all-weather roads to harvest timber in wet weather where volume accessed was relatively low or an extensive road network was required.
Observations of the ABL Structures over a Heterogeneous Land Surface during IHOP_2002

Abstract This study analyzes data collected by aircraft and surface flux sites over a 60-km north–south-oriented aircraft track for five fair-weather days during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) to investigate the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structures over a heterogeneous land surface under different background weather conditions. The surface skin temperature distribution over the aircraft track in this case is mostly explained by the soil thermal properties and soil moisture, and corresponds to the observed ABL depths except one day having a weak surface temperature gradient and a weak capping inversion. For the other four days, the blending height of the surface heterogeneity likely exceeds the ABL depth and thus the ABL establishes equilibrium with local surface conditions. Among the four days, two days having relatively small Obukhov lengths are evaluated to show the background weather conditions under which small-scale surface heterogeneity can influence the entire ABL. In fact, on one...
Cryogenic Servo-Controlled Infrared Fabry-Perot Spectrometer

High resolution infrared spectroscopy obtains fundamental information about the kinematics, composition, and energetics of astronomical infrared sources because it can sort out typical Doppler velocity components and separate adjacent lines from various species. In important cases the instrument having the maximum possible sensitivity for detection is a cryogenic Fabry-Perot spectrometer because it rejects noise from the bright and often flickering background without injecting any radiation. Such an instrument need only be limited by the performance of the best detectors. Coupled to a two-dimensional array, a cryogenic Fabry-Perot can produce spectroscopic infrared images of high quality. We have developed a prototype cryogenic infrared Fabry-Perot spectrometer and have operated it successfully on-site. The system uses a unique optical servo control for reliable sensing of the interferometric surfaces, and electromagnetic voice coil displacement drivers for the large motions needed for flexible operation. The present etalons and detector are optimized for the 4 to 5 Am band. We present a description of the instrument, recent astro-physical results obtained at a telescope, and a summary of development plans. Such a system can be operated from space out to submillimeter wavelengths.
Pursuing Responsibility Writing and Citing Subjects in Qualitative Research

Similar to qualitative researchers who have troubled and been troubled by the impossibility of representing subjects, in this article, we focus on how our attempts to write subjects to excess—to remain open to unforeseeable data that proliferated as we wrote—“radically de-naturalize[ed] what [we’d] taken for granted” as qualitative researchers. Specifically, the unraveling of the humanist subject initiated the rupture of what we thought of as a practice of responsible representation—citation. This rupture made visible how conventional citation could not hold the reconfigured, poststructural subject who remained in play during the research and even after. Rather than erase this complication, we saw it as an incitement to enact responsibility differently in relation to representation, and we draw upon our collaborative work with Sarah’s dissertation study to theorize citation as a necessary, useful, and impossible construct.
Fate of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are contaminants of surface waters and sediments, especially near urban centers. Although aquatic biota accumulate PAHs from environmental sources, metabolism may be rapid, and biota sampled from contaminated areas often have concentrations lower than might be estimated from bioconcentration factors. In some cases PAH metabolism by aquatic biota may create reactive intermediates, some of which have been related to chronic effects in fishes. This report describes the fate and distribution of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) after oral administration to rainbows trout (Salmo gairdneri). Emphasis has been placed on the disposition of DMBA among tissues and on DMBA transformation in the hepatobiliary system.
Handedness and Differential Perception of Verbal Stimuli in Left and Right Visual Fields

This study investigated the role of cerebral dominance in the consistent finding of lower tachistoscopic thresholds in the right than in the left field for alphabetic stimuli. Eight left- and 12 ri...
Elucidating reactivity differences in palladium-catalyzed coupling processes: the chemistry of palladium hydrides.

This communication describes a series of studies directed at obtaining a better understanding of the Heck reaction. For the first time, the postulated palladium-hydride intermediate (L2PdHX) in the catalytic cycle of the Heck arylation has been identified. In addition, this study establishes that the base-mediated Pd(0)-regeneration step (L2PdHX --> PdL2) of the cycle can be kinetically slow and thermodynamically unfavorable and that the process is remarkably sensitive to the structure of L (PCy3 vs P(t-Bu)3). Finally, this investigation demonstrates that, for certain catalyst systems, slow rates of Heck arylation can be correlated with reluctant reductive elimination of L2PdHX, furnishing a possible rationalization for Bronsted-base (Cs2CO3 vs Cy2NMe) and ligand (PCy3 vs P(t-Bu)3) effects that have been observed.