cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inability to Utilize Retrograde Cardioplegia due to a Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava

A persistent left superior vena cava is a congenital abnormality that affects a minority of the general population. While this finding is not hemodynamically significant in all patients, failure to recognize the altered anatomy in any of these patients can be consequential during procedures such as central venous catheter placement, pacemaker/defibrillator wire placement, and use of retrograde cardioplegia during cardiac surgery. We present a case of an intraoperative diagnosis of a persistent left superior vena cava that altered the original plan to arrest the heart using retrograde cardioplegia. Echocardiography was instrumental in this diagnosis and avoided potentially inadequate myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Sets of mutually orthogonal Sudoku frequency squares

We discuss sets of mutually orthogonal frequency Sudoku squares. In particular, we provide upper bounds for the maximum number of such mutually orthogonal squares. In addition, we provide constructions for sets of such squares. We also briefly discuss an extension of these ideas to sets of higher dimensional mutually orthogonal frequency hypercubes.
Is IBD a Genetic Disease

There is substantial evidence that genetic factors play a role, possibly even the preeminent role, in the predisposition to the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) — Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The lines of evidence include ethnic differences in disease frequency, familial aggregation, spouse and twin studies, and the existence of genetic syndromes that feature IBD. Indeed, some of the responsible genes are being identified, by a combination of genetic marker and family based physiologic studies. The best evidence exists for the HLA and complement systems. Important physiologic abnormalities being examined autoantibodies, permeability, and colonic mucins. To further these advances, and to utilize the power of modern linkage technology and human gene mapping, an international registry of mapping cell lines from IBD families is being established. The existence of a substantial genetic component to IBD susceptibility means that etiologic studies must include a consideration of the genetic components. Genetic studies will aid in the delineation of the basic etiologies of IBD, which should lead to new therapies, and will eventually provide the means to identify those at highest risk for disease prevention.
The Heat Equation: High-Performance Scientific Computing Case Study

In recent years, high-performance computing and powerful supercomputers have become staples in many areas of academia and industry. The author introduces the concept of shared memory programming in the context of solving the heat equation, which will allow the exploration of several finite difference and parallelization schemes.
Bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) followed by autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma

We retrospectively reviewed all patients (n = 243) receiving bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) induction followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma at the Mayo Clinic between January 2010 and April of 2017. Median age was 61 (interquartile range, 55–67) with 62% of patients being male. High-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRA) were present in 34% of patients. A total of 166 (68%) patients received some form of maintenance/other therapy post transplant (no maintenance (NM, n = 77), lenalidomide maintenance (LM, n = 108), bortezomib maintenance (BM, n = 39), and other therapy (OT, n = 19)). Overall response rate at day 100 post ASCT was 99% (CR 42%) with CR rate increasing to 62% at time of best response post transplant. Two year and 5 year overall survival rates were 90% and 67%, respectively, with an estimated median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 96 and 28 months, respectively. HRA was associated with a worse OS but not PFS (median OS: not reached for standard risk vs 60 months for HRA, P = 0.0006; median PFS: 27 months for standard risk vs 22 months for HRA, P = 0.70). The combination of VRd followed by ASCT is a highly effective regimen producing deep and durable responses in many patients.
“A Stacked Deck”: Casino Capitalism and the Poker Mindset

Manno examines how the ideology of the Poker Mindset manifests in normalized corruption stemming from unequal access to power and resources. In doing so, the chapter defines neoliberalism and casino capitalism. Further, Manno argues that traditional masculinity and neoliberalism result in the normalization of increased risk and uncertainty for workers, creating a “stacked deck” in favor of businesses and employers and against workers. The chapter includes examples from the payday lending industry, higher education, the efforts of the Koch brothers to influence the political process, and the transformation of Bethlehem, PA into post-industrial casino capitalist exemplar.
Domesticating Competitive Common Sense: Nation Branding Discourses, Policy-makers and Promotional Consultants in Korea

Why has the practice of nation branding and its competitive imaginary become common sense in Korea? This article retraces the domestication, in Korea, of nation branding into an unquestioned policy...
Chlorine in the Galactic ISM: Revised f-values with FUSE and STIS

Cl I is the atomic species most directly coupled to molecular hydrogen due to its chemistry. Its weakest lines are thereby probably the best tracer of optically thick H2 components in diffuse clouds. We report on the empirical determination of the oscillator strengths for four Cl I absorption lines predicted to be weak and often detected toward moderately reddened sight lines observed with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). We compared our oscillator strength estimates with the oscillator strength calculations listed in Morton (2003). We find that our empirical oscillator strength values for the Cl I 1004, 1079, 1090 and 1094 A lines differ from the theoretical predictions by factors of ~3.1, 1.2, 2.4 and 0.42, respectively. We briefly discuss the value of Cl I as tracer of molecular gas for our star sample.
On Baker’s Patchwork Conjecture for Diagonal Padé Approximants

We prove that for entire functions f of finite order, there is a sequence of integers $$\mathcal {S}$$ such that as $$n\rightarrow \infty $$ through S, $$\begin{aligned} \min \left\{ \left| f-\left[ n/n\right] \right| \left( z\right) ,\left| f-\left[ n-1/n-1\right] \right| \left( z\right) \right\} ^{1/n}\rightarrow 0 \end{aligned}$$ uniformly for z in compact subsets of the plane. More generally this holds for sequences of Newton–Pade approximants and for functions whose errors of approximation by rational functions of type $$\left( n,n\right) $$ decay sufficiently fast. This establishes George Baker’s patchwork conjecture for large classes of entire functions.
Faking Detection Improved: Adopting a Likert Item Response Process Tree Model:

With the increasing popularity of noncognitive inventories in personnel selection, organizations typically wish to be able to tell when a job applicant purposefully manufactures a favorable impress...
Towards using the POWDER platform for RF propagation validation

The need to find more efficient ways to share and use wireless spectrum has resulted in renewed interest in radio frequency (RF) propagation modeling. The open and programmable nature of the POWDER (Platform for Open Wireless Datadriven Experimental Research) mobile and wireless platform offers a unique environment in which to test and validate RF propagation modeling approaches. In this paper we present our work illustrating how POWDER based RF measurements can be performed, as a form of "ground truth", and compared with predicted RF signal strength based on a propagation model. We make use of the Shout RF measurement framework available on POWDER to perform a series of RF measurements. We compare these measurements with predicted power levels using the open source RF Signal Propagation, Loss, And Terrain (SPLAT!) analysis tool. We present our results and a brief terrain analysis to provide real-world context for it. Our work is "packaged" as a POWDER profile to allow others to repeat our analysis and to serve as a starting point for further RF measurement and propagation related research.
Pricing strategy and competition for new and remanufactured products across generations

The e-waste from high-technology products is at the forefront of many studies that focus on remanufacturing and selling end-of-use electronics. For the market of high-technology products, new commodities belonging to the early generation depreciate faster due to the rapid technology development and the challenge faced from remanufactured products belonging to the latest generation. The aim of this research is to develop pricing strategies for these items and understand how customer’s acceptance towards remanufactured products and the technology obsolescence of new products influence the pricing decisions. This study considers a pricing model in a system with a manufacturer, a remanufacturer, and a retailer. The manufacturer sells the new products belonging to the early generation to the retailer, while the remanufacturer sells the remanufactured product belonging to the latest generation. The customers, categorized into quality-conscious and technology-savvies, select one of the items based on the price and perceived value. The results of five game theory models (viz., Nash Equilibrium, Retailer-Stackelberg balancing power, Retailer-Stackelberg manufacturer lead, Manufacturer-Stackelberg balancing power, and Manufacturer-Stackelberg manufacturer lead) are compared. The impact of different value perceptions between quality-conscious customers and technology-savvies and each customer segment’s relative size are discussed in the five game theory models. The result shows that acting as a follower is a wise decision and suggests that the retailer, manufacturer, and remanufacturer coordinate by balancing their power.
A new approach to population: Using multiple measures to estimate the population of a protohistoric village in the western Great Lakes region, USA

Abstract Prehistoric population sizes are difficult to determine, even with very well documented archaeological contexts. Within the Western Great Lakes, USA region, village population size is poorly understood due to poor preservation of village structures, excavations that did not capture the full extents of villages, and widespread destruction of archaeological sites. We combine data from geophysical surveys, historical aerial and drone-based image analyses, as well as excavation to determine the distribution of archaeological features at the protohistoric Middle Grant Creek site (11WI2739), Illinois, USA. Estimates of village population are calculated and compared using multiple measures, including structure floor area, maize storage volume, cultivation area, and maize consumption. The different estimates vary, yet they converge to indicate a population of 100 and 180 people at this agricultural village. The use of converging multiple estimates of population provides a more convincing estimate than any single source and shows how various assumptions affect different estimates. The measures employed provide a new approach to determining village size beyond traditional methods of using floor area and historic comparison, and can be used in locations where traditional measures are not available, as well as for large, dispersed sites that cannot be fully excavated.
Bayesian inference for plasmonic nanometrology

We introduce a Bayesian method for the characterization of plasmonic nanoparticles, which is applicable to both near- and far-field problems. Designed to combine data generated from any photon-plasmon interaction experiment with physically motivated theoretical models, our approach leverages state-of-the-art Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques and returns parameter estimates on nanometric scales. Simulated spectral data sets, describing resonant scattering of photons from ellipsoidal and toroidal nanoparticles, are explored as concrete examples of our approach, with the resulting Bayesian estimates showing excellent agreement with the ground truth, even under conditions of high statistical noise. By incorporating Bayes factors into the method as well, we reveal how model selection can determine which one of competing geometric shapes better explains the observed data. Our comprehensive nanometrology procedure can be tailored to a variety of light-particle interaction models, and its reliance on Bayesian inference furnishes automatic uncertainty quantification. In addition to applicability to a host of plasmonic configurations such as nanoparticle dimers, trimers, and array studies, it is proposed that the presented analysis can be extended to the quantum regime, where nonclassical photon statistics may provide additional insight for inference of scatterer properties.
Chemical Reactivity of the Boron Hydrides and Related Compounds

Publisher Summary Alfred Stock and his collaborators were the first to characterize a series of boranes. Properties and many reactions reported by them (1912–1936) have required very little revision to this day. For one hundred years prior to the investigations of Stock and his co-workers, the boron hydrides had been produced intermittently, but they were not identified or analysed correctly. Stock's work stimulated others, notably Burg and Schlesinger, to enter this field such that from 1930 until 1942, the date of an important review, structural studies were carried out and the abandon with which the boranes enter into chemical combination with themselves and with other molecules became evident. Development of improved or even new experimental methods has necessitated reinterpretation of most of the early structural results. As would be expected, preparative studies carried out prior to about 1942 have required less revision, providing a firm foundation, on which a great extension of synthetic work could be built. Until fairly recently, interest in boron hydride chemistry was largely academic, but was sustained by the failure of the boranes and certain compounds related to them, to conform with the usual rules relating chemical composition with classical valence theory.
Overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and epidermal growth factor receptor in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A pilot study

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the differential expression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and evaluate their association with lymph node metastasis. Methods EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR expression in 21 matched tumors and surrounding normal thyroid tissues were evaluated by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results We noted a statistically significant overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR in tumor versus normal tissue based on cDNA microarray, Western blot, and IHC analysis. EphB4 and EphrinB2 overexpression were significantly associated with the presence of lymph node disease. Conclusion Overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR are associated with PTC, whereas EphB4 and EphrinB2 overexpression are associated with lymph node metastases. These genes may be potential biomarkers for identification of subclinical lymph node involvement in PTC and potential small-molecule targets for pharmacotherapy research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 964–969, 2015
Influence of Photoirradiation on the Oxidation-Reduction State of Thioredoxin Reductase

Abstract The flavin semiquinone form of thioredoxin reductase can be produced in high yield either by photoirradiation in the presence of excess ethylenediaminetetraacetate or, much more rapidly, by exposure of partially reduced enzyme to light. Extinction coefficients of the semiquinone have been derived at critical wave lengths. The semiquinone forms produced are of the blue type, i.e. they are neutral semiquinones. Electron paramagnetic resonance determinations confirm the free radical nature of the species. Two different spectra of the semiquinone have been observed. The shift from one type to the other can be effected in several ways; evidence is given which indicates that the shift in the semiquinone band is due to a change in the environment of the flavin moiety determined by the reduction state of the second oxido-reductively active group of thioredoxin reductase, a disulfide bridge. The flavin semiquinone of this enzyme cannot be reoxidized by thioredoxin or reduced by TPNH, and thus cannot be involved in the catalytic reaction.
DIAGNOSTICS OF DIESEL ENGINES USING EXHAUST SMOKE AND TEMPERATURE

An experimental sensor array that measures dynamic exhaust temperature and dynamic smoke for the purpose of diagnosing diesel engine fuel injection equipment was designed, built, and tested. The sensor array is portable and easily installed on truck tailpipes, and was tested using two 6V-53 Detroit Diesel engines. The dynamic temperature sensor is a very high response instrument capable of measuring changes in gas temperature in excess of 104F/second. The dynamic smokemeter is an optical device designed to measure very low levels of light opacity in the smoke plume, with a response compatible with the engine firing frequency. Dynamic exhaust temperature data had more diagnostic significance than dynamic smoke in the detection of maximum power degrading fuel injection faults. Gaseous exhaust emissions (CO, CO sub 2, O sub 2, NO sub x, and hydrocarbons) were also evaluated for their diagnostic merit and were found to be less significant than the dynamic temperature and smoke data under the no-load test constraints common to shop and field diagnosis.
The Swift BAT Perspective on Non-Thermal Emission in HIFLUGCS Galaxy Clusters

The search for diffuse non-thermal, inverse Compton (IC) emission from galaxy clusters at hard X-ray energies has been underway for many years, with most detections being either of low significance or controversial. Until recently, comprehensive surveys of hard X-ray emission from clusters were not possible; instead, individually proposed-for. long observations would be collated from the archive. With the advent of the Swift BAT all sky survey, any c1u,;ter's emission above 14 keV can be probed with nearly uniform sensitivity. which is comparable to that of RXTE, Beppo-SAX, and Suzaku with the 58-month version of the survey. In this work. we search for non-thermal excess emission above the exponentially decreasing, high energy thermal emission in the flux-limited HIFLUGCS sample. The BAT emission from many of the detected clusters is marginally extended; we are able to extract the total flux for these clusters using fiducial models for their spatial extent. To account for thermal emission at BAT energies, XMM-Newton EPIC spectra are extracted from coincident spatial regions so that both the thermal and non-thermal spectral components can be determined simultaneou,;ly in joint fits. We find marginally significant IC components in 6 clusters, though after closer inspection and consideration of systematic errors we are unable to claim a clear detection in any of them. The spectra of all clusters are also summed to enhance a cumulative non-thermal signal not quite detectable in individual clusters. After constructing a model based on single temperature
Predicting Functional Effect of Human Missense Mutations Using PolyPhen-2

PolyPhen-2 (Polymorphism Phenotyping v2), available as software and via a Web server, predicts the possible impact of amino acid substitutions on the stability and function of human proteins using structural and comparative evolutionary considerations. It performs functional annotation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), maps coding SNPs to gene transcripts, extracts protein sequence annotations and structural attributes, and builds conservation profiles. It then estimates the probability of the missense mutation being damaging based on a combination of all these properties. PolyPhen-2 features include a high-quality multiple protein sequence alignment pipeline and a prediction method employing machine-learning classification. The software also integrates the UCSC Genome Browser's human genome annotations and MultiZ multiple alignments of vertebrate genomes with the human genome. PolyPhen-2 is capable of analyzing large volumes of data produced by next-generation sequencing projects, thanks to built-in support for high-performance computing environments like Grid Engine and Platform LSF.
Using Expectations Data to Infer Managerial Preferences

Forward-looking agents in econometric models of choice are generally assumed to have rational expectations so that the researcher can focus on the determinants of revealed preference. However, studies in psychology and economics find evidence that individuals may have systematic biases. We develop a structural econometric framework to recover behavioral parameters incorporating subjective expectations data that allows agents to have biased beliefs. We apply our methodology to analyze the advertising decisions of the marketing manager at a large non-profit performing arts center. A novel feature of this data is that the manager reports her expectations regarding advertising expenditure and ticket sales as as part of the annual budgeting process for each of the 146 shows we study. We jointly estimate the manager's utility parameters and the actual and expected demand functions. We find evidence that the manager is over-optimistic about the appeal of certain product characteristics and advertising effectiveness. Estimates of the manager's utility parameters are quite sensitive to the specification of expectations: a key behavioral parameter changes sign and is implausible when rational expectations is imposed. Our estimates also indicate that the manager manipulates advertising so that ex post ticket sales more closely correspond to her ex ante reported forecasts.
User interfaces for self and others in Croquet learning spaces

Croquet-based learning environments should combine a rich media vocabulary with a distributed multi-user social experience. Such environments can provide unique opportunities for creating and delivering experiences that enhance online teaching and learning. Designing a user interface for such collaborative spaces presents several unique challenges. To enable productive interactions between users of such spaces requires that software designers choose what sorts of social interactions and cues to support such interactions within the collaborative space, and which to avoid. Design considerations are further complicated by the need to accommodate usability expectations created by users who are familiar with modern video game conventions while at the same time creating a user interface that provides an accessible path to the novice user of three-dimensional collaborative virtual environments. In this paper we examine how the user interface must explicitly address the boundary between private and public in a virtual collaborative social space, and propose a set of initial user interface conventions so that we can start the trial and error process of developing the optimal user interface for Croquet-based collaborative spaces to support learning and instruction.
Current and Future Burden of Chronic Nonmalignant Liver Disease

Disease burden is an important indicator of the state of health of a population. It can be measured as the frequency (eg, incidence and prevalence) of a condition or its effects including fatal and non-fatal health loss from disease (eg, disability-adjusted life years) as well as the financial costs (eg, direct healthcare costs and indirect healthcare expenditures related to lost income because of premature death). Accurate disease burden information is essential for policy-making such as prioritization of health interventions and allocation of resources. Chronic liver disease (CLD) causes substantial health and economic burden in the United States, where nearly 2 million deaths annually are attributable to CLD. In the recent past, overall mortality rate of CLD has been increasing. Viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease are thought to be the most common etiologies of chronic liver diseases. More recently, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is rapidly increasing, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has become a leading indication for liver transplantation. In this article, we assemble available data on the burden of CLD in the United States, focusing on nonmalignant complications, whereas the impact on mortality and healthcare expenses of hepatocellular carcinoma, an important consequence of CLD, is discussed elsewhere.
Tectonic setting of faulted Tertiary strata associated with the Catalina core complex in southern Arizona

Stratigraphic and structural relations of syntectonic sedimentary sequences associated with Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes provide valuable information about the style and timing of extensional deformation related to tectonic denudation. Adjacent to the Catalina core complex, the San Pedro trough and other nearby depocenters contain multiple tilted half-grabens of conglomeratic mid-Tertiary strata partly buried beneath Neogene basin fill. Major episodes of local geologic history included mid-Proterozoic construction of continental crust, subsequent but intermittent platform sedimentation extending through Paleozoic time, mid-Mesozoic initiation of arc magmatism that persisted at intervals through mid-Tertiary time, complex Laramide orogenic deformation of latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary age, and Cenozoic extensional deformation involving both mid-Tertiary and basin-range phases of development. Precambrian basement includes lower Proterozoic Pinal Schist intruded by voluminous lower to middle Proterozoic granitic plutons. Pre-Laramide stratigraphic cover includes middle Proterozoic sedimentary strata and intercalated diabase sills, Paleozoic carbonate and clastic units, and Mesozoic volcaniclastic and clastic successions. Laramide assemblages include metaluminous plutons and andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic fields, synorogenic nonmarine sedimentary sequences, and large bodies of peraluminous two-mica granite. Laramide structural features include both premetamorphic and ductile synmetamorphic thrusts within the Catalina core complex, brittle thrusts of uncertain vergence and overall configuration outside the Catalina core complex, and folds of varied geometry related in part to local thrusts exposed nearby. Paleogene erosion had stripped Laramide volcanic cover from wide areas by mid-Tertiary time.
Evolution of an integrated manufacturing organization

The evolution of an integrated manufacturing organization in the logic wafer fabricator at IBM's semiconductor facility in Essex Junction, Vermont is discussed. In 1987, the manufacturing organization had sole responsibility for production operations and was dependent on support groups for solutions to technical and planning problems. Since then, equipment maintenance and process control engineering responsibilities have been integrated into manufacturing. The organizational changes required to implement the integration of these responsibilities are described. A concerted effort was made throughout integration to effect a smooth transition. This effort included an intensive education program for manufacturing personnel and managers. Before technical responsibilities were transferred, however, manufacturing operators attended academic courses and received on-the-job training (internships) from engineers, which later enabled them to become process technicians in manufacturing. A formal, documented procedure was established for the transfer of technical responsibility. The author also describes communication interfaces within the organization, personnel issues, and future directions. Work schedules are shown along with the implications for technical coverage and organizational structure. >
Western U.S. Extreme Precipitation Events and Their Relation to ENSO and PDO in CCSM4

AbstractWater resources and management over the western United States are heavily impacted by both local climate variability and the teleconnected responses of precipitation to the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). In this work, regional precipitation patterns over the western United States and linkages to ENSO and the PDO are analyzed using output from a Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) preindustrial control run and observations, with emphasis on extreme precipitation events. CCSM4 produces realistic zonal gradients in precipitation intensity and duration over the western United States, with higher values on the windward side of the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada and lower values on the leeward. Compared to its predecessor CCSM3, CCSM4 shows an improved teleconnected signal of both ENSO and the PDO to large-scale circulation patterns over the Pacific–North America region and also to the spatial pattern and other aspects of western U.S. precipi...
Effect of β-adrenergic stimulation on QT interval accommodation

Background QT interval correction formulas are based on instantaneous heart rate (HR), but QT interval adaptation to sudden HR change occurs gradually. In humans, the QT interval has been reported to reach a new steady-state value in about 2 minutes. Objective This study sought to assess β-adrenergic stimulation effects on QT interval response to HR change. Methods Ten subjects (42.1 ± 15.3 years, 3 men) undergoing radiofrequency ablation of supraventricular tachycardia were studied. Atrial pacing for 5 minutes at an HR ranging from 60 to 140 beats/min was performed before and during dobutamine infusion (10 μg/kg/min). The QT response to sudden HR change was evaluated. Results The QT response to sudden HR change consists of an immediate response (IR), followed by a gradual monoexponential course to the new steady-state value. Linear function results in inferior fit of QT adaptation course ( P P P Conclusion QT adaptation has 2 distinct phases, which might have different mechanisms. The effect of β-adrenergic stimulation on IR may increase QT variability by increasing the immediate response to HR variability. These results may be important in the assessment of drug effects on repolarization and for understanding of QT variability.
The case for a rigorous approach to automating software operations and management of large-scale sensor networks

Software Operations and Management (O&M) i.e., installing, configuring, and updating thousands of software components within a conventional Data Center is a well-understood issue. Existing frameworks such as the Rocks toolkit have revolutionized the way system administrators deploy and manage large-scale compute clusters, storage servers, and visualization facilities. However, existing tools like Rocks are designed for a "friendly" Data Center environment where stable power along with high-performance compute, storage, and networking is the norm. In contrast, sensor networks are embedded deeply within the harsh physical environment where node failures, node mobility and idiosyncrasies of wireless networks are the norm. In addition, device heterogeneity and resource-constrained nature (e.g., power, memory, CPU capability) of the sensor cyberinfrastructure (CI) are realities that must be addressed and reconciled. Although sensor CI must be more adaptable and more-rapidly reconfigurable than the data center equivalents, few if any of the existing software O&M tools and techniques have been adapted to the significantly more challenging environment of sensor networks. A more automated approach to software O&M would provide significant benefits to system builders, operators, and sensor network researchers. We argue that by starting with software O&M techniques developed for data centers, and then adapting and extending them to the world of resource-constrained sensor networks, we will be able to provide robust and scientifically reproducible mechanisms for defining the software footprint of individual sensors and networks of sensors. This paper describes the current golden-image based software O&M practice in Android world. We then propose an approach that adapts the Rocks toolkit to allow one to rapidly and reliably build complete Android environments (firmware flashes) at the individual sensor level and extend to a large networks of diverse sensors.
Corresponding-states laws for protein solutions.

The solvent around protein molecules in solutions is structured and this structuring introduces a repulsion in the intermolecular interaction potential at intermediate separations. We use Monte Carlo simulations with isotropic, pair-additive systems interacting with such potentials. We test if the liquid−liquid and liquid−solid phase lines in model protein solutions can be predicted from universal curves and a pair of experimentally determined parameters, as done for atomic and colloid materials using several laws of corresponding states. As predictors, we test three properties at the critical point for liquid−liquid separation: temperature, as in the original van der Waals law, the second virial coefficient, and a modified second virial coefficient, all paired with the critical volume fraction. We find that the van der Waals law is best obeyed and appears more general than its original formulation: A single universal curve describes all tested nonconformal isotropic pair-additive systems. Published exp...
Termination of Ventricular Tachycardia by Programmed Extrastimuli from an Externally-Activated Permanent Pacemaker

Two patients with hemodynamically well-tolerated recurrent ventricular tachycardia, drug resistani and previousiy requiring numerous external electrical cardioversions, had a permanent pacemaker implanted which could be programmed lo deliver extrastimuli to convert the ventricular tachycardia to normal sinus rhythm. The patient- or physician-activated device can be programmed to induce or terminate ventricular tachycardia with extrastimuli delivered at the predetermined intervals which consistently induced or terminated the arrhythmia in the electrophysiology laboratory, allowing repeated evaluation of drug regimens. The pacemaker has reliably, painlessly, and consistently induced and terminated repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia. This programmable pacemaker offers an alternative therapy for patients with hemodynamically weil-tolerated refractory ventricular tachycardia. (PACE. Vol. 5, May-June, 1982)
Implementing Group Work In Secondary Schools: Leadership Steps for Principals

Although counselors traditionally prefer individual counsel ing sessions with students, group sessions may be more effec tive. The principal can help counselors make this transition to group counseling in a few easy steps.
An expression for the vacancy-wind effect in diffusion in a binary substitutional alloy

Abstract A general expression is derived for the vacancy-wind factor which occurs in the equation linking the intrinsic diffusion coefficient, the tracer diffusion coefficient, and the thermodynamic factor in a binary substitutional alloy. The expression leads immediately to the binary analogue of the exact Nernst-Einstein equation derived recently by Murch in the unary system. A realization by Monte Carlo computer simulation of the expression was made for the random-alloy model. The results obtained were in excellent agreement with the results of the analysis by Manning.
Reflex figures during asphysial rigidity

Abstract Asphyxiation of the isolated lumbosacral region of the cat's spinal cord for about 35 min may result in three successive periods of hind limb rigidity, the initial, secondary and late tone, which are separated by two periods of flaccidity. During all three periods of rigidity, stretch and relaxation of the involved muscles affected their electromyograms, indicative of the proprioceptive reflex nature of the tone. The effect of stretch of the homolateral and contralateral quadriceps, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius-soleus, and tibial muscles on the electromyogram of the quadriceps and gastrocnemiussoleus muscles was investigated. Characteristic distributions of excitation and inhibition, reflex figures, were observed during secondary and late tone. It was attempted to explain the sequence of the periods of rigidity and flaccidity observed by the effect of the oxygen deprivation on the polarization state of the neuronal elements, the destruction of interneurons, the development of denervation hypersensitivity, and plastic changes such as axon branching and synaptic relocation.
Critical re-examination of the reaction Cl + H2 ⇌ HCl + H☆

Abstract Recent data on the system Cl + H 2 HCl + H indicate that the rate constant ratio k 1 / k 2 is a factor of two smaller than the equilibrium constant K . Two earlier explanations of this discrepancy are shown to be compatible with recent experimental and theoretical work. As an alternative explanation we suggest that flow tube measurements, ostensibly of k 2 , actually determine 2 k 2 , due to Cl + H recombination on the walls of the flow tube. After correcting for this factor of two, all kinetic studies on this system are reconciled.
The one dimensional annealed δ-Lyapounov exponent

Abstract We study a one dimensional Brownian motion moving among Poisson points of constant intensity ν > 0. We introduce the “annealed δ - Lyapounov exponent” β δ ( c ). Here “annealed” refers to the fact that averages are both taken with respect to the path and environment measures. The exponent β δ ( c ) measures how costly it is for the Brownian motion to reach a remote location while it receives a penalty “proportional” to c ∈ (0, ∞) for spending too much time at Poisson points, and when the particle can pick its own time to perform the displacement. We derive a formula for β δ ( c ), which shows that for all c ∈ (0, ∞), β δ ( c ) ν . We conjecture that in general this is also true for the one dimensional “annealed Lyapounov exponent”, introduced by Sznitman, which is an analogue object to β δ ( c ).
Spin-polarized hydrogen in high magnetic fields

We have nearly tripled the range of magnetic field strength over which bulk three-body recombination has been studied in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen. Analysis of our data (8--20 T) shows for the first time a qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions for the field dependence of dipolar recombination. Our results for the three-body exchange recombination are over an order of magnitude lower than a previously published value, and thus in reasonable agreement with theory. We discuss the prospects for observing Bose-Einstein condensation in very high magnetic fields.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists as therapy for chronic airway inflammation

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARgamma regulates several metabolic pathways by binding to sequence-specific PPAR response elements in the promoter region of target genes, including lipid biosynthesis and glucose metabolism. Synthetic PPARgamma agonists have been developed, such as the thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. These act as insulin sensitizers and are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recently however, PPARgamma ligands have been implicated as regulators of cellular inflammatory and immune responses. They are thought to exert anti-inflammatory effects by negatively regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Several studies have demonstrated that PPARgamma ligands possess anti-inflammatory properties and that these properties may prove helpful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the airways. This review will outline the anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic and endogenous PPARgamma ligands and discuss their potential therapeutic effects in animal models of inflammatory airway disease.
A concept for estimating available safe egress time in fires

Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) in enclosure fires is defined as the time between fire detection and the onset of conditions which are hazardous to continued human occupancy. A general technique for estimating this time interval is introduced. A description of hazard development is presented. This description identifies the variables of fire growth which are significant to life safety. A conceptual engineering model which simulates these variables is formulated. Because of the primary focus on life safety, as compared with property protection or structural integrity per se, the suggested modeling includes significant simplifying assumptions which would not be otherwise justified. The concepts developed in this paper provide a rational basis for the use of a mathematical model and user oriented computer program, presented in other works, to actually carry out ASET calculations for compartments of fire origin.
Effects of respiratory chain inhibitors on mitochondrial ATPase activity.

Abstract The effects of six respiratory chain inhibitors (amytal, rotenone, piericidin A, antimycin A, 2- N -heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N -oxide, and cyanide) on mitochondrial ATPase activity have been investigated. Each of these compounds inhibited the ATPase activity of intact mitochondria induced by uncoupling agents, ionophores, or alterations in ionic composition; the effects were variable depending upon the type and concentration of uncoupling agents or inhibitors utilized. The ATPase activity of sonicated submitochondrial particles was also diminished by respiratory inhibitors, but the isolated ATPase enzyme was not affected. We conclude from these results that these respiratory inhibitors interfere with the energy coupling mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. The experimental observations tend to support the “chemical” theory, and appear to be less consistent with the “chemiosmotic” hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation.
Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 3′-(Substituted Phenyl)epibatidine Analogues. Nicotinic Partial Agonists

In 1992, John Daly et al. reported the isolation and structure determination of epibatidine. Epibatidine's unique structure and its potent nicotinic agonist activity have had a tremendous impact on nicotine receptor research. This research has led to a better understanding of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) pharmacophore and to epibatidine analogues with potential as pharmacotherapies for treating various CNS disorders. In this study, we report the synthesis, receptor binding ([(3)H]epibatidine and [(125)I]iodoMLA), and in vivo pharmacological properties (mouse tail flick, hot plate, hypothermia, and spontaneous activity) of a series of 3'-(substituted phenyl)epibatidine analogues (5a-m). Results from these studies have added to the understanding of the nAChR pharmacophore and led to nicotinic partial agonists that may have potential for smoking cessation. All the analogues had affinities for the alpha4beta2 nAChR similar to epibatidine (1). 3'-(3-Dimethylaminophenyl)epibatidine (5m) has a nicotinic partial agonist pharmacological profile similar to the smoking cessation drug varenicline. Other analogues are partial agonists with varying degrees of nicotinic functional agonist and antagonist activity. 3'-(3-Aminophenyl)epibatidine (5j) is a more potent functional agonist and antagonist in all tests than varenicline. 3'-(3-Fluorophenyl)epibatidine and 3'-(3-chlorophenyl)epibatidine (5c and 5e) are more potent than varenicline when tested as agonists in four pharmacological tests and antagonists when evaluated against nicotine in the analgesia hot-plate test.
A spectroscopic study of rose bengal

The Raman (50–1750 cm−1), infrared, surface-enhanced Raman and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering spectra of rose bengal were studied. It was concluded, based on the analysis of the spectra, that rose bengal has a stable quinoidal structure. A comparison of our results with the literature is presented. Our surface-enhanced Raman scattering experiments reveal the role of the Ag colloids prepared at different reaction rates and provide a semi-direct way to test and verify the electromagnetic enhancement theory of surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The presented experimental methods will be useful for future studies of rose bengal.
Abnormal MoCA and Normal Range MMSE scores in Parkinson disease without dementia: Cognitive and Neurochemical Correlates

Abstract Background The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is increasingly being used as a cognitive screening test in Parkinson disease (PD). The MoCA's popularity likely reflects its ability to detect executive dysfunction, a relative deficiency of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Objective To compare neurochemical and neuropsychological functions in non-demented PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and without, as defined by MoCA (PD-MCI = MoCA Methods Non-demented PD subjects underwent combined MoCA and MMSE, detailed cognitive testing and [ 11 C]methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate acetylcholinesterase and [ 11 C]dihydrotetrabenazine monoaminergic PET imaging. Results Eighteen subjects met MoCA PD-MCI criteria but had MMSE scores in the normal range, compared to 29 subjects with normal MoCA and MMSE scores. The MoCA-defined PD-MCI group had reduced performance in global cognition ( t = 2.91, P = 0.0056), most significantly in executive function ( t = 3.18, P = 0.002), as well as significant reduction in dorsal caudate nucleus dopaminergic innervation ( t = 2.72, P = 0.009) compared to the PD without MCI group. Both MoCA and MMSE had poor diagnostic accuracy for PD-MCI (65.3%) when using the Level 2 Movement Disorder Society Task Force definition. Conclusion PD subjects with normal range MMSE but abnormal MoCA scores had evidence of caudate nucleus dopaminergic denervation and mild cognitive changes, predominantly in executive function. The MoCA may be able to preferentially detect executive dysfunction compared to the MMSE, but the MoCA has limited diagnostic accuracy for PD-MCI, and should not be used alone to make this diagnosis.
Accommodating spatial correlation across choice alternatives in discrete choice models: an application to modeling residential location choice behavior

This paper presents a modeling methodology capable of accounting for spatial correlation across choice alternatives in discrete choice modeling applications. Many location choice (e.g., residential location, workplace location, destination location) modeling contexts involve choice sets where alternatives are spatially correlated with one another due to unobserved factors. In the presence of such spatial correlation, traditional discrete choice modeling methods that are often based on the assumption of independence among choice alternatives are not appropriate. In this paper, a Generalized Spatially Correlated Logit (GSCL) model that allows one to represent the degree of spatial correlation as a function of a multi-dimensional vector of attributes characterizing each pair of location choice alternatives is formulated and presented. The formulation of the GSCL model allows one to accommodate alternative correlation mechanisms rather than pre-imposing restrictive correlation assumptions on the location choice alternatives. The model is applied to the analysis of residential location choice behavior using a sample of households drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data set. Model estimation results obtained from the GSCL are compared against those obtained using the standard multinomial logit (MNL) model and the spatially correlated logit (SCL) model where only correlations across neighboring (or adjacent) alternatives are accommodated. Model findings suggest that there is significant spatial correlation across alternatives that do not share a common boundary, and that the GSCL offers the ability to more accurately capture spatial location choice behavior.