cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of a fat load and exercise on asymptomatic VLCAD deficiency

The patient was identified via family screening at the age of 3 years when very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency was diagnosed in his sister by newborn screening. Enzyme and molecular analyses confirmed VLCAD-deficiency (VLCADD). Until the age of 8 years no severe illnesses occurred and the patient was completely asymptomatic without a fat-reduced and fat-modified diet. On regular follow-up, creatine kinase (CK) and liver transaminases were always in the normal range. A long-chain fat load with 1.5 g/kg body weight did not result in clinical symptoms, nor in elevation of CK or liver transaminases. At the age of 8 years, the patient for the first time complained of recurrent muscle pain after exercise. CK concentrations were elevated up to 20 000 U/L during one of these episodes. Medium-chain fat was supplemented. With a medium-chain fat-rich meal directly before exercise, muscle pain after exercise clearly decreased. In asymptomatic mild VLCADD, a fat-reduced diet may not be necessary, whereas in later infancy and adolescence, strenuous physical exercise may require additional energy from medium-chain fat.
Local Actin-Dependent Endocytosis Is Zygotically Controlled to Initiate Drosophila Cellularization

In early Drosophila embryos, several mitotic cycles proceed with aborted cytokinesis before a modified cytokinesis, called cellularization, finally divides the syncytium into individual cells. Here, we find that scission of endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane (PM) provides a control point to regulate the furrowing events that accompany this development. At early mitotic cycles, local furrow-associated endocytosis is controlled by cell cycle progression, whereas at cellularization, which occurs in a prolonged interphase, it is controlled by expression of the zygotic gene nullo. nullo mutations impair cortical F-actin accumulation and scission of endocytic vesicles, such that membrane tubules remain tethered to the PM and deplete structural components from the furrows, precipitating furrow regression. Thus, Nullo regulates scission to restrain endocytosis of proteins essential for furrow stabilization at the onset of cellularization. We propose that developmentally regulated endocytosis can coordinate actin/PM remodeling to directly drive furrow dynamics during morphogenesis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the parapharyngeal space in an adult patient: An immunohistochemical study

Rhabdomyogenic malignancies occasionally challenge the diagnostic acumen of many pathologists. The diverse histologic patterns of RMS can range from the somewhat undifferentiated primitive to the bizarre, pleomorphic varieties. These neoplasms can be highly lethal and, until recently, were resistant to even the most aggressive surgical management. The grave prognosis for patients with RMS has remarkably improved however, as a result of careful clinical staging, awareness of histologic features and immunohistochemical techniques for identification, newer techniques in defining the extent of the disease, and multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical methods with specific antibodies, as used in this case, have proved to be the only definitive method to identify this variant subclass of RMS.
Restoring compromised privacy in micro-data disclosure

Studied in this paper is the problem of restoring compromised privacy for micro-data disclosure with multiple disclosed views. The property of γ-privacy is proposed, which requires that the probability of an individual to be associated with a sensitive value must be bounded by γ in a possible table which is randomly selected from a set of tables that would lead the same disclosed answers. For the restricted case of a single disclosed view, the γ-privacy is shown to be equivalent to recursive ([EQUATION], 2)-Diversity, which is not defined for multiple disclosed views. The problem of deciding on γ-privacy for a set of disclosed views is proven to be #P-complete. To mitigate the high computational complexity, the property of γ-privacy is relaxed to be satisfied with (e, θ) confidence, i.e., that the probability of disclosing a sensitive value of an individual must be bounded by γ + e with statistical confidence θ. A Monte Carlo-based algorithm is proposed to check the relaxed property in O((λλ')4) time for constant e and θ, where λ is the number of tuples in the original table and λ' is the number different sensitive values in the original table. Restoring compromised privacy using additional disclosed views is studied. Heuristic polynomial time algorithms are proposed based on enumerating and checking additional disclosed views. A preliminary experimental study is conducted on real-life medical data, which demonstrates that the proposed polynomial algorithms restore privacy in up to 60% of compromised disclosures.
Internet-accessible radiology teaching file

This paper describes the Internet-accessible radiology teaching file at the department of radiology at a major teaching hospital. Instructions for connecting to and using the teaching file, as well as the methods used to assemble the teaching file, are discussed. This teaching file can be used by anyone in the world with an Internet connection and free World Wide Web client software. This teaching file is rapidly accessible and available 24 hours a day. This ready source of proven cases for comparison purposes may be of particular interest to emergency radiologists.
A sensitive and specific method for quantitative estimation of carbamylation in proteins

Abstract A simple, rapid, reproducible, and specific micromethod for the estimation of carbamylation of proteins is described. The method is based on permanganate oxidation of radioactive carbamyl derivatives of protein to form urea and on the specific decomposition of urea by urease.
Electric Field Gradients of Atomic p Electrons

Calculations from optical spectrums data of the electrostatic field gradient existing at the position of the nucleus in atoms depend on the effective atomic number ${Z}_{i}$. The present article presents a survey of ${Z}_{i}$ values obtained for various elements in varying degrees of ionization. One may conclude from this survey that the relation ${Z}_{i}=Z\ensuremath{-}n$ is a good approximation for calculations dealing with $p$ electrons. On the basis of this relation the average $〈\frac{1}{{r}^{3}}〉$ has been evaluated for low-lying states of interest in chemical bonding for atoms having $p$ valence electrons. The results are presented in a graphical form from which the values for the more complicated cases of N, P, As, and Sb are obtained by interpolation. Atomic field gradients obtained in this article are compared with previous estimates in a number of cases of interest.
A Vascular Wilt of Fragrant Sumac Caused by Fusarium oxysporum.

A branch from a wilting fragrant sumac tree (Rhus aromatica Aiton) in an established ornamental planting was submitted to the Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory in 1994. The branch exhibited dark brown streaks in the sapwood. Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. was subsequently isolated from the discolored wood. To confirm pathogenicity, 2-year-old potted sumacs (0.5 to 1 m high)—fragrant, skunkbrush (R. trilobata Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray), smooth (R. glabra L.), and staghorn (R. typhina L.) species—were inoculated with the isolate by cutting into the bark to the xylem with a scalpel and applying approximately 0.1 ml of a 106 conidia/ml suspension into the wound. Inoculated trees were then placed on a greenhouse bench. Three trees of each species were inoculated and the experiment was repeated once. All inoculated skunkbrush and fragrant sumacs wilted and died within 3 months, whereas none of the smooth and staghorn sumacs were affected. F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated from wilted, but not healt...
Age-, Sex-, and Gonadal Steroid-Related Changes in Immunoreactive Substance P in the Rat Anterior Pituitary Gland

The interrelationship of anterior pituitary lobe (AP) immunoreactive substance P (I-SP) concentrations with age, sex, gonadal steroids, and estrous cyclicity in rats was examined. There was no difference between male and female AP I-SP levels at 0.5 month of age. At 2.0 and 5.0 months of age, a sex-linked difference in AP I-SP concentrations was evident, inasmuch as male APs contained approximately 3 and 8 times greater concentrations of I-SP, respectively, than APs from agematched females. Long term (6 weeks) gonadectomy of adult rats resulted in an increase in I-SP concentrations in female APs and a decrease in the concentrations of the peptide in male APs compared to values in their respective sham-operated controls. Treatment of gonadectomized animals for the same length of time with gonadal steroid-filled Silastic capsule implants resulted in qualitatively identical responses in males and females; that is, estradiol benzoate decreased and 5a-dihydrotestosterone propionate increased AP I-SP levels com...
In Situ Measurements of X-Ray-Induced Silver Diffusion into a Ge30Se70 Thin Film

High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to identify the mechanism of X-ray-induced Ag diffusion into Ge30Se70 chalcogenide glass thin films, which are prepared in situ to avoid oxygen contamination. From the analysis of Ge 3d, Se 3d, and Ag 3d core levels, and valence band spectra, changes in the electronic structure are determined as Ag diffuses gradually with increasing irradiation. The ternary phase based on Ge2Se6 units, which contains homopolar Ge–Ge bonds, forms when diffusion approaches equilibrium where Ag content ∼30 at.%. The formation of a Se-rich composition is indicated in the near-surface region at the initial stage of the process, but the previously assumed Ag2Se phase is not detected.
On Nonhomogeneous -Harmonic Equations and 1-Harmonic Equations

We prove a characterization of a nonhomogeneous A-harmonic equation and describe its generalization. We also point out its connection with 1-Harmonic equation.
Frequency and phase-lock control of a 3?THz quantum cascade laser

We have locked the frequency of a 3 THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) to that of a far-infrared gas laser with a tunable microwave offset frequency. The locked QCL line shape is essentially Gaussian, with linewidths of 65 and 141 kHz at the -3 and -10 dB levels, respectively. The lock condition can be maintained indefinitely, without requiring temperature or bias current regulation of the QCL other than that provided by the lock error signal. The result demonstrates that a terahertz QCL can be frequency controlled with l-part-in-lO(exp 8) accuracy, which is a factor of 100 better than that needed for a local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver for atmospheric and astronomic spectroscopy.
Perioperative strategies to improve sinus surgery outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review.

ObjectivesReview the literature for intraoperative techniques and postoperative practices after functional endoscopy sinus surgery (FESS) that may improve outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).Data SourcesPubMed and the Cochrane Library.Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed. Articles from 1990 to 2012 were searched using the terms sinus surgery and cystic fibrosis with studies limited to the English language and human subjects. Abstracts were reviewed to identify relevant original manuscripts. Bibliographies of relevant articles were examined to identify additional manuscripts.ResultsThe initial PubMed search identified 169 articles. One additional article was identified through the Cochrane Library. After reviewing the abstracts, 41 selected studies were examined in further detail, and 22 articles were ultimately selected for suitability for this review. The bibliographies of these articles were reviewed and no additional articles were identified. Perioperative strate...
Persistent type 2 endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with adverse late outcomes

Objective Type 2 endoleak occurs in up to 20% of patients after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), but its long-term significance is debated. We reviewed our experience to evaluate late outcomes associated with type 2 endoleak. Methods During the interval January 1994 to December 2005, 873 patients underwent EVAR. Computed tomography (CT) scan assessment was performed ≤1 month of the operation and at least annually thereafter. Sequential 6-month CT scan follow-up was adopted for those patients with persistent type 2 endoleaks, and reintervention was limited to those with sac enlargement >5 mm. Study end points included overall survival, aneurysm sac growth, reintervention rate, conversion to open repair, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture. Preoperative variables and anatomic factors potentially associated with these endpoints were assessed using multivariate analysis. Results We identified 164 (18.9%) patients with early (at the first follow-up CT scan) type 2 endoleaks. Mean follow-up was 32.6 months. In 131 (79.9%) early type 2 endoleaks, complete and permanent leak resolution occurred ≤6 months. Endoleaks persisted in 33 patients (3.8% of total patients; 20.1% of early type 2 endoleaks) for >6 months. Transient type 2 endoleak (those that resolved ≤6 months of EVAR) was not associated with adverse late outcomes. In contrast, persistent endoleak was associated with several adverse outcomes. AAA-related death was not significantly different between patients with and without a type 2 endoleak ( P = .78). When evaluating patients with no early endoleak vs persistent endoleak, freedom from sac expansion at 1, 3, and 5 years was 99.2%, 97.6%, and 94.9% (no leak) vs 88.1%, 48.0%, and 28.0% (persistent) ( P P P P = .03). Conclusions Persistent type 2 endoleak is associated with an increased incidence of adverse outcomes, including aneurysm sac growth, the need for conversion to open repair, reintervention rate, and rupture. These data suggest that patients with persistent type 2 endoleak (>6 months) should be considered for more frequent follow-up or a more aggressive approach to reintervention.
Thermionic energy conversion diode using a film boiling liquid metal electron collector

Abstract The conventional plasma thermocouple or thermionic energy conversion diode has a solid metal electron collector. Cesium vapor at a pressure of a few millibars or less is widely used to provide ions for electron space charge neutralization. Usually conditions are such that a monolayer of cesium coats the collector, so that electrically the collector appears to be cesium. This suggests the use of a diode with a liquid metal collector material such as cesium, rubidium, or potassium and their alloys. Recent experiments at this Laboratory have shown that a diode can be produced consisting of a hot emitter and a liquid metal collector separated by the vapor film created in film boiling. In such a diode the metal vapor pressure can be brought in the range of a few millibars or less by, for example, controlling the pressure of an inert gas blanket which covers the film boiling liquid. If conditions in the film are appropriate for production of plasma a thermionic energy conversion plasma diode results. In initial experiments a drop of NaK (22 per cent Na; 78 per cent K) film boiled in a heated tantalum cup. The estimated heat flux required to support the vapor film was about 1 6 of the black body radiated heat when the emitter temperature was 1930°K. In later experiments, demonstrating continuous operation, a heated emitter was partially inserted into a pool of potassium which could be cooled below the boiling point. The maximum subcooling that permitted film boiling was found to be strongly dependent on vapor pressure and depth of submersion and weakly dependent on emitter temperature. However, greater thermal instability occurred at lower emitter temperatures. The current voltage shapes showed that the vapor film thickness was great enough for transport losses to be apparent under all of the conditions investigated thus far.
Effects of pentoxifylline on severe intermittent claudication.

Pentoxifylline has been shown to improve treadmill walking distances under blinded, controlled conditions in patients with intermittent claudication. From the pooled data of a blinded, controlled, randomized, multicenter trial, the data from all enrolled patients with severe claudication (less than 70 m on treadmill at baseline) were evaluated. The treadmill data from these more severely ill patients were analyzed separately as a "severe subset" (placebo n = 17; pentoxifylline n = 21). No differences between the two treatment groups were observed in demography, history, or baseline treadmill walking distances. The initial claudication distance (ICD) improved 68% over baseline with pentoxifylline and 12% with placebo (p = .012) after twenty-four weeks of treatment. A new, derived efficacy variable was developed, "minimum distance walked," which tended to minimize psychological effects on treadmill performance. Over sixteen to twenty-four weeks of treatment, the pentoxifylline group improved 49% over baseline and the placebo group 3% (p = .019), when the "minimum distance walked" measurement was used. In this controlled trial the subset of patients with severe intermittent claudication benefited from pentoxifylline therapy.
Retention designs for bone-anchored facial prostheses

A facial prosthesis can be retained by bone-anchored implants and by a retentive bar. Because tissue response is critical around the abutments, the retentive bar should be constructed so that it is comfortable, conveniently hygienic, and designed without compromising the contours of the prosthesis.
Sexual characteristics of female dogs during successive phases of the ovarian cycle

Abstract Five female beagles were examined periodically throughout their second biannual cycle of proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and anestrus for fluctuations in several physiological and behavioral charateristics. Physiological measures included plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone as well as the vulvar swelling and vaginal bleeding that begin with proestrus and continue in estrus. Behavioral tests revealed changes in female receptivity, attractivity, and proceptivity. Estradiol increased prior to the onset of proestrus and declined during estrus. Progesterone levels were low during most of proestrus, increased from the beginning to the end of estrus, and remained elevated during the first month or more of metestrus. While they were in proestrous females were not receptive but they and their vaginal secretions were highly attractive to males. Attractivity remained high throughout estrus and declined abruptly in the next 24 hr. Receptivity increased over the first 3 days of estrus and continued at a high level until the last 3 days during which it decreased slightly, and then dropped nearly to zero within the next 24 hr. “Sexual reflexes” of the vulva, tail, and hindquarters followed the same course of changes described for attractivity. Proceptive behavior, including seeking proximity to caged males and display of solicitation responses during mating tests was characteristic of females during proestrus and estrus but uncommon or absent in other phases of the cycle. It is hypothesized that in the natural cycle, attractivity and proceptivity develop during proestrus as a consequence of rapidly increasing secretion of estrogen. The onset of receptivity is due to synergistic action of estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen secreted during proestrus primes the system, and progesterone secreted just before and during estrus activates it. Termination of receptivity is thought to be due to the marked decline in estrogen, to inhibition by high concentrations of progesterone, or to a combination of these factors.
Tolerance of equine strongylid larvae to desiccation and freezing

Abstract Some third-stage equine strongylid larvae survived freezing in water at a controlled rate of l °C/min from 10 to −30 °C followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen and subsequent rapid thawing to 38 °C, The addition of glycerol in concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% enhanced the survival of larvae. Freezing did not affect the viability of desiccated larvae. A low percentage of larvae suspended in water survived direct immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Graft thickness, graft folds, and aberrations after descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty for fuchs dystrophy.

Purpose To determine whole-eye high-order aberrations (HOAs) in pseudophakic eyes after Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) for Fuchs dystrophy, and to establish relationships between graft thickness, HOAs, and visual acuity. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Whole-eye HOAs were measured in pseudophakic eyes at intervals through 24 months after DSEK, and in otherwise healthy pseudophakic control eyes implanted with the same type of spherical intraocular lens. Wavefront errors were assessed by a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer over a 4-mm-diameter optical zone. In DSEK eyes, central graft thickness and stromal graft folds were measured using confocal microscopy in vivo, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined by the electronic Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study method. Results Total HOAs at 24 months after DSEK (0.28 ± 0.11 μm, mean ± SD, n=17) were higher than those in pseudophakic controls (0.16 ± 0.07 μm, n=25, P P P = .02) were correlated with central graft thickness, and BCVA was correlated with total HOAs (r = 0.39, P = .01) but not with graft thickness (r = −0.24, P = .20, n=27). Conclusions Whole-eye HOAs are higher after DSEK compared to untreated corneas. Thicker grafts are associated with increased HOAs and more graft folds, suggesting that the donor lenticule contributes, in part, to the wavefront errors. Although BCVA is weakly related to total HOAs after DSEK, it is not related to graft thickness.
Stimulation by Insulin in Vitro of Incorporation of (35S)Sulfate and (14C)Leucine Into Protein-Polysaccharide Complexes, (3H)Uridine Into RNA, and (3H)Thymidine Into DNA of Costal Cartilage from Hypophysectomized Rats

The effects of insulin in vitro on incorporation of (35S)sulfate and (14C)leucine into protein-polysaccharide complexes (PP), (3H)uridine into ribonucleic acid (RNA), and (3H) thymidine into desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of costal cartilage from hypophysectomized rats were determined. Tissue was incubated in a medium containing 14 amino acids and glucose. Insulin stimulated incorporation of both sulfate and leucine into PP. The effect upon leucine incorporation was detected first. The action of the hormone was most striking in a component of PP relatively resistant to extraction in water. Either puromycin or actinomycin inhibited incorporation of sulfate and leucine into PP in the presence or absence of insulin. At 10−6m concentration of both antibiotics the effect of puromycin was more profound. Insulin also increased incorporation of both uridine into RNA and, later, thymidine into DNA. (Endocrinology 82: 493, 1968)
The thermal and radiation exposure history of lunar meteorites

We have measured the natural and induced thermoluminescence (TL) of seven lunar meteorites in order to examine their crystallization, irradiation, and recent thermal histories. Lunar meteorites have induced TL properties similar to Apollo samples of the same provenance (highland or mare), indicating similar crystallization and metamorphic histories. MacAlplne Hills 88104/5 has experienced the greatest degree of impact/regolith processing among the highland-dominated meteorites. The basaltic breccia QUE 94281 is dominated by mare component but may also contain a significant highland component. For the mare-dominated meteorites, EET 87521 may have a significant highland impact-melt component, while Asuka 881757 and Y-793169 have been heavily shocked. The thermal history of Y-793169 included slow cooling, either during impact processing or during its initial crystallization. Our natural TL data indicate that most lunar meteorites have apparently been irradiated in space a few thousand years, with most less than 15,000 a. Elephant Moraine 87521 has the lowest irradiation exposure time, being less than 1,000 a. Either the natural TL of ALHA81005, Asuka 881757 and Y-82192 was only partially reset by lunar ejection or these meteorites were in small perihelia orbits (less than or equal to 0.7 AU).
The Earth's gravity field

The Earth's gravity field can be determined from gravity measurements made on the surface of the Earth, and through the analysis of the motion of Earth satellites. Gravity data can be used to solve the boundary value problem of gravimetric geodesy in various ways, from the classical formulation using a geoid to the concept of a reference surface interior to the masses of the Earth to a statistical method. We now have gravity information for 10 data blocks over 46% of the Earth's surface and more than several million point measurements available.
Fission Product Yield Study of 235U, 238U and 239Pu Using Dual-Fission Ionization Chambers

Abstract To resolve long-standing differences between LANL and LLNL regarding the correct fission basis for analysis of nuclear test data [M.B. Chadwick et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 111, 2891 (2010); H. Selby et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 111, 2891 (2010)], a collaboration between TUNL/LANL/LLNL has been established to perform high-precision measurements of neutron induced fission product yields. The main goal is to make a definitive statement about the energy dependence of the fission yields to an accuracy better than 2-3% between 1 and 15 MeV, where experimental data are very scarce. At TUNL, we have completed the design, fabrication and testing of three dual-fission chambers dedicated to 235U, 238U, and 239Pu. The dual-fission chambers were used to make measurements of the fission product activity relative to the total fission rate, as well as for high-precision absolute fission yield measurements. The activation method was employed, utilizing the mono-energetic neutron beams available at TUNL. Neutrons of 4.6, 9.0, and 14.5 MeV were produced via the 2H(d,n)3He reaction, and for neutrons at 14.8 MeV, the 3H(d,n)4He reaction was used. After activation, the induced γ-ray activity of the fission products was measured for two months using high-resolution HPGe detectors in a low-background environment. Results for the yield of seven fission fragments of 235U, 238U, and 239Pu and a comparison to available data at other energies are reported. For the first time results are available for neutron energies between 2 and 14 MeV.
Site-directed mutagenesis of rat α-parvalbumin: replacement of canonical CD-site residues with their non-consensus counterparts from rat β-parvalbumin

Rat β-parvalbumin (β-PV) displays low divalent-ion affinity. Its CD site is distinguished by six non-consensus residues--the "CD-loop residues"--at positions 49, 50, 57-60. Additionally, leucine occupies position 85, rather than phenylalanine, the β-lineage-consensus residue. Replacement of the CD-loop residues in rat β with the canonical residues was previously found to have little effect on divalent-ion affinity, unless L85 is replaced by phenylalanine. Herein, we replace the canonical CD-loop residues in rat α-PV with their rat β-PV counterparts. Although the mutations have a generally modest impact on affinity, E59D confers Ca(2+)-specificity on the CD site, in the presence or absence of the other mutations. Despite their minimal impact on ΔG, several CD-loop mutations markedly alter ΔH, evidently by perturbing the apo-protein conformation. The L85F mutation was also examined. In wild-type rat α, L85F increases EF-site Ca(2+) affinity. In the CD-loop variants, the mutation leaves the ΔG for Ca(2+)-binding largely unaffected. However, several variants display highly exothermic binding enthalpies, indicative of ligation-linked protein-folding. Consistent with that idea, scanning-calorimetry data confirm that L85F has significantly destabilized those proteins.
Very strong magnetic fields and the helical Cerenkov radiation

It is at very strong magnetic fields that the helical Cerenkov effect, originating from the electron guiding center for an electron in helical motion in a magnetic field which is superimposed on a dielectric medium, resembles most closely the ordinary Cerenkov effect. In the absence of extremely strong magnetic fields in the laboratory, we turn our attention to the neutron stars (pulsar) and supernovas which can have magnetic fields whose values can easily be in the range of 10 5 - 10 9 T. The medium in which these magnetic fields reside is likely to be an ionized medium; that is, a plasma, which, as usual, may be assumed to be dominated by electrons. Here we wish to argue that in such a strong magnetic field dominated medium, at least on a classical level, radiation process associated with the helical Cerenkov radiation could be rather important.
On equationally defining m‐perfect 2m + 1 cycle systems

In this article we give a complete solution to the problem of equationally defining m-perfect (2m + 1)-cycle systems and of equationally defining m-perfect directed (2m + 1)-cycle systems. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hop1 and the Meiotic DNA-Damage Response

During the DNA-damage response, adaptor proteins mediate signaling between the PI3K-like sensor kinases, ATM and ATR, and serine/threonine effector kinases. Carballo et al. (2008) now show that the chromosomal protein Hop1 mediates PI3K-like kinase signaling during the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in meiosis.
Heterologous Transplantation of Corpora Allata between Lepidoptera Diapausing in Egg and Pupal Stages

WHEN corpora allata from the same species of Lepidoptera are removed and implanted into naturally diapausing pupae or pupae diapausing as a result of extirpation of the brain (‘Dauer pupae’), the recipients develop into moths or pupal–adult mixtures (second pupae)1–4. The results obtained when donor and host are not so closely related are also of interest. Therefore, heterologous grafts of corpora allata between insects usually diapausing in the pupal and egg period respectively have been made and the effect on metamorphosis compared to homologous transplants.
Interfacial Heat Transfer During Droplet Impact on a Solid Surface: Comparison of High-Resolution Laser Measurements With Finite-Element Simulations

The objective of this work is to understand the coupling of fluid dynamics and heat transfer during the impact of a millimeter-size water droplet on a flat, solid glass substrate. In this work, a finite-element model is presented which simulates the transient fluid dynamics and heat transfer during the droplet deposition process, considering Laplace forces on the liquid-gas boundary, and the dynamics of wetting. A novel, experimental laser-based method is used to measure temperatures at the solid-liquid interface. This method is based on a thermoreflectance technique and provides unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions of 1 microsecond and 20 micrometer, respectively. Matching between simulations, temperature measurements and high-speed visualization allows the determination of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONNEL MANAGER PERCEPTIONS OF EFFECTIVE DRUG-TESTING PROGRAMS

This study examines several dimensions and characteristics of drug-testing programs that are associated with personnel managers' judgments of the programs' effectiveness. The data gathered from 190 human resource management (HRM) executives indicate that firms with drug-testing policies differ from non-drug-testing organizations. Drug-testing programs considered to be effective are supported by ancillary activities such as employee assistance programs, supervisory training, and employee drug-awareness communications. Organizations perceived to have effective drug-testing policies engage in drug testing for targeted groups of employees and focus on the rehabilitation of those individuals who test positive.
Rescattering and neutron-proton final-state interaction in the 12C(d, pn)12C reaction

Abstract The 12 C(d, pn) 12 C reaction has been studied in a kinematically complete experiment at several energies and angles suitable for observing proton-neutron rescattering and sequential decay final-state interactions (FSI), with the aim of investigating the relative importance of the two reaction mechanisms. An increase of yield has been observed for all spectra in the region of low relative proton-neutron energy where both rescattering and sequential decay leading to the 1 S 0 final-state interaction are possible. No consistent fits to the data using only the rescattering graph were found and interference with other diagrams must be assumed to occur. The effect of isospin non-conservation is discussed. It is concluded that no reported measurements on this reaction require an exclusive interpretation in terms of a rescattering mechanism and therefore no reliable information on nuclear lifetimes can be obtained from these experiments.
Can blocking the Na/K exchange pump lead to a reduction in intracellular sodium?

It has been assumed that a rise in intracellular sodium should follow inhibition of the Na/K exchange pump. However, under certain conditions a reduction in intracellular sodium following pump blockage is possible. Many results postulating ‘stimulation’ of the Na/K exchange pump by low doses of the cardiac glycosides can be explained in this manner.
Successful Ventricular Assist Device Placement in Transposition of the Great Arteries With Pulmonary Hypertension

The use of ventricular assist devices in patients with complex congenital heart disease has not been well described. We present a case of successful ventricular assist device support in a 38-year-old man with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and severe secondary pulmonary hypertension.
A class of sterol 14-demethylase inhibitors as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents

Chronic infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America. Drug treatments for the associated illness, Chagas disease, are toxic and frequently unsuccessful. In a screening effort against the drug target protein farnesyltransferase, we identified a series of disubstituted imidazoles with highly potent anti-T. cruzi activity that apparently acted through a mechanism independent of protein farnesylation. Metabolic labeling studies of T. cruzi suggested that sterol biosynthesis was inhibited. Combined GC/MS analysis confirmed depletion of cellular sterols and suggested that the site of action was sterol 14-demethylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Spectral studies with recombinant T. cruzi sterol 14-demethylase demonstrated that the compounds bind directly to this enzyme. Two of the compounds were well absorbed when given orally to mice, gave sustained plasma levels, and were well tolerated. The compounds were administered orally to mice with acute T. cruzi infection and caused dramatic decrease in parasitemia and led to 100% survival. These disubstituted imidazole compounds can be prepared by a relatively short synthetic route and represent a structural class with potent anti-T. cruzi activity.
Regucalcin as a potential biomarker for metabolic and neuronal diseases.

Regucalcin was initially discovered in 1978 as a regulatory protein in calcium signaling. The regucalcin gene, which is localized on the X chromosome, is found in vertebrate and invertebrate species. Regucalcin has been shown to play a pivotal role in cell regulation: maintaining of intracellular calcium homeostasis, suppressions of signal transduction, inhibition of translational protein synthesis, nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, regulation of gene expression, and anti-effects on proliferation and apoptosis in many cell types. The expression of the regucalcin gene and its protein has been shown to alter with various metabolic diseases, and regucalcin plays an important role in the development of many pathophysiologic states. Serum regucalcin has been found to increase with liver injury, and also urinary regucalcin is elevated with kidney damage, suggesting a useful tool as biomarker for diagnosis. Moreover, regucalcin has been shown to be good tool in early diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease and other brain diseases. This review will discuss a significance of regucalcin as a clinical biomarker in various diseases.
Growth-dependent accumulation and utilization of proteinase inhibitor I in tobacco callus tissues

Summary Extraordinarily large quantities of an inhibitor of serine proteinases called Inhibitor I, accumulate in growing tobacco callus tissues. As the callus ages and the growth rate declines, Inhibitor I accumulation continues until it represents over 10% of the soluble proteins of the callus tissue. When growing callus tissue is transferred to fresh medium, Inhibitor I content decreases rapidly as the callus adapts to the new conditions. Thus Inhibitor I selectively accumulates in growing and senescing callus tissues and disappears during the adaptation of the tissues to new culture conditions preceeding new growth.
The public health risks associated with wild and feral swine

Summary Wild swine populations {Sus scrofa) are present in many regions of the world. Large feral populations in North America and Australia are principally derived from introduced domestic pigs. In Europe, most wild boar are found in Germany and Poland. While wild swine are certainly a significant reservoir of infection for domestic swine diseases (for example, African swine fever virus in wild boar in Sardinia), these swine generally do not constitute a major public health risk. Brucella suis infections and trichinellosis are the most important zoonotic threats to public health.
Towards automatic transcription of large spoken archives - English ASR for the MALACH project

Digital archives have emerged as the pre-eminent method for capturing the human experience. Before such archives can be used efficiently, their contents must be described. The NSF-funded MALACH project aims to provide improved access to large spoken archives by advancing the state-of-the-art in automated speech recognition (ASR), Information Retrieval (IR) and related technologies [1,2] for multiple languages. This paper describes the ASR research for the English speech in the MALACH corpus. The MALACH corpus consists of unconstrained, natural speech filled with disfluencies, heavy accents, age-related coarticulation, uncued speaker and language switching, and emotional speech collected in the form of interviews from over 52000 speakers in 32 languages. In this paper, we describe this new testbed for developing speech recognition algorithms and report on the performance of well-known techniques for building better acoustic models for the speaking styles seen in this corpus. The best English ASR system to date has a word error rate of 43.8% on this corpus.
Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide reverses impaired arterial healing after injury by reducing oxidative stress.

Objective Endothelial cell (EC) migration is essential for healing of arterial injuries caused by angioplasty, but a high cholesterol diet inhibits endothelial repair. In vivo studies suggest that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of HDL, is essential for normal healing of arterial injuries. ApoA-I mimetics, including 4F, have been designed to mimic the amphipathic portion of the apoA-I molecule. This study was undertaken to determine if 4F improves endothelial migration and healing.
Neurobehavioral effects of harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxins: A critical review

Human exposure to naturally occurring marine toxins has been associated with a range of neurobehavioral abnormalities. The toxins are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs) and are typically contracted through seafood consumption. The primary target of many of the HAB toxins is the neurologic system, and the neurobehavioral symptoms associated with the HAB illnesses have influenced public health policy. The HAB-related illnesses most frequently linked to neuropsychological disturbance are Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, and Possible Estuarine Associated Syndrome, which is associated with exposure to the Pfiesteria piscicida organism. Although the neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying many of the HAB illnesses have been well delineated, the literature examining the neuropsychological impairments is unclear and needs to be defined. This review is intended to introduce an emerging area of study linking HAB illnesses with neuropsychological changes.
RICE: Rapid interconnect circuit evaluator

This paper describes RICE, an RLC interconnect evaluation tool based upon the moment-matching technique of Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE). The RLC circuit moments are calculated by a path-tracing algorithm which enables the analysis of large interconnect models several thousand times faster than a circuit simulation while requiring 5 to 10 times less memory. RICE also includes a new approach for determining the circuit dominant time-constants which avoids the inherent instability problems associated with moment matching methods in general.
Behavioral Treatment of Trichotillomania: A Case Study

Once considered a rare clinical condition, trichotillomania is now recognized as a psychological disorder that is more prevalent than previously thought. The behavioral treatment of a 21-year old college woman with a longstanding history of chronic hair pulling is described in this case study. The extent of the trichotillomania was measured during an 11-day baseline period (self-monitoring, photographs) followed by 4 months of behavioral treatment including prominent components of habit-reversal training. The results of the intervention were suggestive of a substantial reduction in hair pulling incidents, hair re-growth in the affected parts of her scalp, and self-reported improvements in mood, anxiety, and self-esteem. Limitations of these data are reviewed and recommendations for clinicians who intend on treating trichotillomania are provided.
Regulation of Tomato Fruit Polygalacturonase mRNA Accumulation by Ethylene: A Re-Examination

Polygalacturonase (PG) is the major enzyme responsible for pectin disassembly in ripening fruit. Despite extensive research on the factors regulating PG gene expression in fruit, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of ethylene in mediating its expression. Transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits in which endogenous ethylene production was suppressed by the expression of an antisense 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase gene were used to re-examine the role of ethylene in regulating the accumulation of PG mRNA, enzyme activity, and protein during fruit ripening. Treatment of transgenic antisense ACC synthase mature green fruit with ethylene at concentrations as low as 0.1 to 1 μL/L for 24 h induced PG mRNA accumulation, and this accumulation was higher at concentrations of ethylene up to 100 μL/L. Neither PG enzyme activity nor PG protein accumulated during this 24-h period of ethylene treatment, indicating that translation lags at least 24 h behind the accumulation of PG mRNA, even at high ethylene concentrations. When examined at concentrations of 10 μL/L, PG mRNA accumulated within 6 h of ethylene treatment, indicating that the PG gene responds rapidly to ethylene. Treatment of transgenic tomato fruit with a low level of ethylene (0.1 μL/L) for up to 6 d induced levels of PG mRNA, enzyme activity, and protein after 6 d, which were comparable to levels observed in ripening wild-type fruit. A similar level of internal ethylene (0.15 μL/L) was measured in transgenic antisense ACC synthase fruit that were held for 28 d after harvest. In these fruit PG mRNA, enzyme activity, and protein were detected. Collectively, these results suggest that PG mRNA accumulation is ethylene regulated, and that the low threshold levels of ethylene required to promote PG mRNA accumulation may be exceeded, even in transgenic antisense ACC synthase tomato fruit.
Physical mechanisms underlying anomalous capacitance characteristics of platinum-gallium nitride Schottky diodes

Experimental evidence demonstrates that surface states and minority-carrier injection are simultaneously responsible for the anomalous capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of platinum-GaN Schottky diodes. For diodes exhibiting low surface states, a transition point in the C-V curves is identified, which is attributed to tunnelling.
Applications of plane-wave destruction filters

Plane‐wave destruction filters originate from a local plane‐wave model for characterizing seismic data. These filters can be thought of as a time–distance (T‐X) analog of frequency‐distance (F‐X) prediction‐error filters and as an alternative to T‐X prediction‐error filters. The filters are constructed with the help of an implicit finite‐difference scheme for the local plane‐wave equation. Several synthetic and real data examples show that finite‐difference plane‐wave destruction filters perform well in applications such as fault detection, data interpolation, and noise attenuation.
Estrogen binding, receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells

High specific activity estradiol labeled with iodine-125 was used to detect approximately 200 saturable, high-affinity (dissociation constant approximately equal to 1.0 nM) nuclear binding sites in rat (ROS 17/2.8) and human (HOS TE85) clonal osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Of the steroids tested, only testosterone exhibited significant cross-reactivity with estrogen binding. RNA blot analysis with a complementary DNA probe to the human estrogen receptor revealed putative receptor transcripts of 6 to 6.2 kilobases in both rat and human osteosarcoma cells. Type I procollagen and transforming growth factor-beta messenger RNA levels were enhanced in cultured human osteoblast-like cells treated with 1 nM estradiol. Thus, estrogen can act directly on osteoblasts by a receptor-mediated mechanism and thereby modulate the extracellular matrix and other proteins involved in the maintenance of skeletal mineralization and remodeling.
Practical mixtures of Gaussians with brightness monitoring

We discuss some of the practical issues concerning the use of mixtures of Gaussians for background segmentation in outdoor scenes, including the choice of parameters. Different covariance representations and their performance impact are examined. In addition, we propose a simple, yet efficient method for coping with sudden global illumination changes based on smoothing brightness and contrast changes over time. All of the discussed methods are capable of running in real time at reasonable resolution on current generation PCs.
On the automatic generation of assembly plans

The author describes a level of assembly process-planning in which a task-level plan is generated directly from a model of the proposed assembly. This involves not only the generation of a series of operations to build the assembly but also the selection or design of an appropriate workspace with suitable fixtures and tools. The author introduces the assembly planning problem and describes an experimental assembly planning system which is capable of rapidly generating plans for most assemblies. The structure of the proposed assembly planner, XAP/1, is described and the performance of the XAP/1 is discussed. >