cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Popliteal Artery Injuries

Small hospitals in rural settings must be prepared to manage injuries to the popliteal artery, since they occur commonly in trauma patients. A new technique using a posterior approach has been successfully applied in Montrose.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma in Childhood: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a tumor of late adult life not often recognized as occurring in children. Our search of the English literature produced only 27 well-documented examples occurring in the soft tissues, to which we here add 2 additional cases. Both of our cases displayed the classical storiform-pleomorphic histologic pattern typical of such tumors in adults, and both pursued a malignant and rapidly fatal course. Previous reports of this tumor in children are reviewed, and the differential diagnostic considerations briefly discussed. Overall, the clinical features of MFH in children are similar to those reported in adults, and surgical removal remains the key element of successful therapy.
Pituitary Gonadotropin Responsiveness with Danazol

Danazol (17α-pregn-4-en-20-yno-[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol) was administered daily for 4 days to castrated female rats. As previously demonstrated, danazol lowered serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) in an apparent dose-dependent fashion. Animals which received danazol in a dose sufficient to lower serum LH responded to administered LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) with increases in serum LH levels which were not diminished as compared with those of control animals. Although these experiments do not preclude an effect of danazol directly on the pituitary, the results indicate that this agent probably lowers serum LH primarily by inhibition of hypothalamic LHRH secretion.
Morbidity and mortality pattern among neonates admitted to the general paediatric ward of a secondary health care centre in the Niger delta region of Nigeria

Introduction: In Nigeria’s public hospitals, facilities for specialized neonatal care are few and available only in tertiary hospitals. However a greater number of neonates are delivered at the primary and secondary health care centres where these facilities are lacking. Thus, sick newborns are managed in the general paediatric ward along with other children and there is a likelihood of increased mortality in this group of neonates compared to those managed in standard neonatal units. Objective: To determine the morbidity and mortality pattern among neonates admitted to a general paediatric ward of a secondary health care facility. Method: This was a prospective cross sectional study of neonatal admissions and mortalities from January 2012 to December 2013. Result: A total of 655 neonates were admitted during the study period of which 68 were excluded. Of the 587 neonates analysed. 360 were males. The leading causes of admissions were neonatal sepsis, prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, haemorrhagic disease of the newborn and neonatal jaundice. There were 122 (20.3%) deaths with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Neonatal jaundice, prematurity and birth asphyxia had the highest case fatality rate. Conclusions: There were 20.3% deaths. The leading causes of admissions were neonatal sepsis, prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, haemorrhagic disease of the newborn and neonatal jaundice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v45i2.7981 (Key words: Neonate, mortality, general paediatric ward)
Dispersive Phonon Imaging in InSb

It has been recognized for several years that the highly anisotropic intensity patterns associated with phonon focusing should undergo radical changes as the phonon wave vectors approach the Brillouin zone boundary [1–4]. This is simply a consequence of the distortion of the acoustic slowness surfaces in the dispersive regime. Phonon focusing patterns of Large- 1 phonons must contain detailed information about the curvatures of the slowness surfaces, and thus they provide a potentially new tool for gauging the validity of lattice-dynamics models.
Delivering pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at home using telehealth: A review of the literature

Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended to restore chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients' abilities to the highest level of independency and functionality. Telehealth has the potential to improve rehabilitation programs and to enhance patients' participation. However, little is known about the potential benefits of using telehealth in providing rehabilitation for COPD patients at home. The purpose of this review was to provide a narrative synthesis of literature of studies, which use telehealth with video components to provide real-time pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients. An electronic database search was performed in the Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. Seven eligible studies were included based on the inclusion criteria. Based on the included studies, using telehealth to provide real-time interactive pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients at home is feasible and acceptable, and can provide clinical and social positive benefits. A knowledge gap regarding feasibility, acceptance, and benefits of using telehealth to provide real-time pulmonary rehabilitation services still exists.
Theory and Practice of Expectation Maximization (EM) Algorithm

In the field of statistical data mining, the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is one of the most popular methods used for solving parameter estimation problems in the maximum likelihood (ML) framework. Compared to traditional methods such as steepest descent, conjugate gradient, or Newton-Raphson, which are often too complicated to use in solving these problems, EM has become a popular method because it takes advantage of some problem specific properties (Xu et al., 1996). The EM algorithm converges to the local maximum of the log-likelihood function under very general conditions (Demspter et al., 1977; Redner et al., 1984). Efficiently maximizing the likelihood by augmenting it with latent variables and guarantees of convergence are some of the important hallmarks of the EM algorithm. EM based methods have been applied successfully to solve a wide range of problems that arise in fields of pattern recognition, clustering, information retrieval, computer vision, bioinformatics (Reddy et al., 2006; Carson et al., 2002; Nigam et al., 2000), etc. Given an initial set of parameters, the EM algorithm can be implemented to compute parameter estimates that locally maximize the likelihood function of the data. In spite of its strong theoretical foundations, its wide applicability and important usage in solving some real-world problems, the standard EM algorithm suffers from certain fundamental drawbacks when used in practical settings. Some of the main difficulties of using the EM algorithm on a general log-likelihood surface are as follows (Reddy et al., 2008):
Energy balance and cost analysis for raisin production in Aegean Region in Turkey

The aim of this study is to determine energy consumption of input and output used in raisin production and making a cost analysis in Aegean Region. Energy output-input analysis is generally done to determine the scope of environment and energy efficiency of agricultural production. In this study the cost of raisin production was calculated by Manisa Viticulture Research Institute's records in 2015. Costs of inputs and prices of raisin were obtained from various sources such as Turkish Statistical Institute, Aegean Exporters' Association and Turkish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The total energy input necessity for raisin production was 39,066.91 MJ/ha. The research results indicated that the total energy input used for raisin was mainly dependent on non-renewable energy forms (%97). The high ratio of non-renewable energy in the total used energy inputs causes negative effects on the sustainability in agricultural production. Among input energy sources, diesel oil, chemical fertilizers and electricity contained highest energy shares with 34.30%, 26.96%, and 22.50% respectively. The energy ratio and energy productivity were found to be 6.04 and 0.51 kg/MJ. Gross production value and total variable costs for raisin were $ 8,600 and $ 4,528.25, respectively. As a result of cost analysis, gross margin was calculated as $ 4,071.75.
Hematocrit and Oxygen Dependence of Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Red Blood Cells.

Abstract Human, animal and in vitro studies suggest that reactions involving nitric oxide (NO) and cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) occur up to 1000 times faster than those with red blood cell (RBC) encapsulated hemoglobin. Thus, cell-free Hb resulting from hemolysis or infusion upsets vascular homeostasis and contributes to pathological conditions in hemolytic anemias such as sickle cell disease and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The slow NO uptake by RBCs results either from internal factors such as a physical barrier set up by the RBC membrane or external factors such as the time required for NO to diffuse to the cell. We have conducted experiments in which both external and internal factors play a role in limiting NO uptake wherein excess NO is rapidly mixed with RBCs and NO uptake is monitored by absorption spectroscopy. In addition, we have measured NO uptake under conditions where the role of the external factors are reduced by having cell-free and RBC encapsulated Hb compete for limited amounts of slowly released NO, measuring the reaction products using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We are the first to have conducted these types of measurements at physiologically relevant hematocrits. Our major findings are that (1) the relative rate that deoxygenated red blood cells scavenge nitric oxide is 3–8 times faster than oxygenated red cells; surprisingly, this effect appears to be partially attributable to a physical membrane barrier, and (2) the rate of NO scavenging by oxygenated RBCs increases significantly (about 3 fold) when the hematocrit is raised from 15% to 50%. Our biophysical data support the thesis that cell-free Hb is capable of greatly reducing the bioavailability of NO and thereby negatively effect hemodynamics and endothelial function. The hematocrit dependence of NO scavenging by intact erythrocytes provides a potential pathogenic mechanism for hypertension during erythropoietin therapy, mortality associated with eNOS inhibition in polycythemic mice, and endothelial dysfunction in acquired polycythemic conditions. The observed oxygen dependence of NO uptake rate supports models in which the submembrane red cell protein scaffolding contributes to NO homeostasis, but not to the extent that has been previously proposed by others. Modulation of the effects of the scaffolding on scavenging and export of NO activity by RBCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions requires further investigation.
Electrocardiographic Criteria for the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Background Current electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have low sensitivity. Objectives The goal of this study was to test a new method to improve the diagnostic performance of the electrocardiogram. Methods The study was divided into 2 groups, a test and a validation cohort. In the test cohort, 94 patients were analyzed, including 47 with the diagnosis of hypertensive crisis and 47 with normal blood pressure at admission. Echocardiography was used to estimate the left ventricular mass index. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used for comparison of single and combined leads. The McNemar test was used to assess agreement among the ECG criteria against the left ventricular mass index. The proposed ECG criteria involved measuring the amplitude of the deepest S wave (SD) in any single lead and adding it to the S wave amplitude of lead V4 (SV4). Currently accepted LVH ECG criteria such as Cornell voltage and Sokolow-Lyon were used for comparison. The validation cohort consisted of 122 consecutive patients referred for an echocardiogram regardless of the admitting diagnosis. Results The SD was the most accurate single lead measurement for the diagnosis of LVH (AUC: 0.80; p Conclusions The proposed criteria for the ECG diagnosis of LVH improved the sensitivity and overall accuracy of the test.
Super-Twisting Control of Double Integrator Systems With Unknown Constant Control Direction

A continuous sliding mode controller is developed for double integrator systems with constant unknown control direction. Additionally, the system is assumed to be subjected to unknown non-vanishing disturbances. The controller yields finite time convergence to hyper sliding surface and guarantees that the origin of the system is exponentially stable. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the proposed control algorithm.
Subcellular Targeting of PDE4 in Cardiac Myocytes and Generation of Signaling Compartments

Of the 11 families of phosphodiesterases found in the human genome, three decades of pharmacological data have clearly implicated PDE3 in cardiac function. Conversely, much less was known about the PDE4 family of proteins expression and function in the heart. Indeed, PDE4-selective inhibitors were developed with the rationale that they would retain the beneficial properties of a nonselective inhibitor but would be devoid of cardiac effects. Yet in the last decade, a large body of work has been published on the expression and function of PDE4s in the hearts of humans and other mammals. To date, at least seven different PDE4 proteins encoded in the four PDE4 genes have been detected in cardiac cells. These PDE4s are targeted to different subcellular compartments of cardiac myocytes through interaction with several classes of scaffold proteins. This PDE4 sequestration in macromolecular complexes limits their access to cAMP in confined subcellular domains including the dyad, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the sarcomere. This molecular organization defines the distinctive role of the different PDE4 proteins in the different aspects of excitation/contraction coupling. In this chapter, the molecular properties and function of PDE4s in the different compartments of the cardiac myocytes will be reviewed.
The in vitro effects of macrophages on the osteogenic capabilities of MC3T3-E1 cells encapsulated in a biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) PEG-based hydrogels are promising for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering, but are known to elicit a foreign body response (FBR) in vivo. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of the FBR, and specifically the presence of inflammatory macrophages, on encapsulated cells and their ability to synthesize new extracellular matrix. This study employed an in vitro co-culture system with murine macrophages and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts encapsulated in a bone-mimetic hydrogel, which were cultured in transwell inserts, and exposed to an inflammatory stimulant, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The co-culture was compared to mono-cultures of the cell-laden hydrogels alone and with LPS over 28 days. Two macrophage cell sources, RAW 264.7 and primary derived, were investigated. The presence of LPS-stimulated primary macrophages led to significant changes in the cell-laden hydrogel by a 5.3-fold increase in percent apoptotic osteoblasts at day 28, 4.2-fold decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, and 7-fold decrease in collagen deposition. The presence of LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages led to significant changes in the cell-laden hydrogel by 5-fold decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10 and 4-fold decrease in collagen deposition. Mineralization, as measured by von Kossa stain or quantified by calcium content, was not sensitive to macrophages or LPS. Elevated interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion were detected in mono-cultures with LPS and co-cultures. Overall, primary macrophages had a more severe inhibitory effect on osteoblast differentiation than the macrophage cell line, with greater apoptosis and collagen I reduction. In summary, this study highlights the detrimental effects of macrophages on encapsulated cells for bone tissue engineering. Statement of Significance Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels are promising for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering, but are known to elicit a foreign body response (FBR) in vivo. The impact of the FBR on encapsulated cells and their ability to synthesize tissue has not been well studied. This study utilizes thiol-ene click chemistry to create a biomimetic, enzymatically degradable hydrogel system with which to encapsulate MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. The osteogenic capabilities and differentiation of these cells were studied in co-culture with macrophages, known drivers of the FBR. This study demonstrates that macrophages reduce osteogenic capabilities of encapsulated cells in vitro and suggest that the FBR should be considered for in vivo tissue engineering.
Current methods for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Growth.

Abstract Interest in the study of yeast biology has increased dramatically in the past few years. Since these organisms are eukaryotic, some phenomena observed in yeast may provide a useful model for similar phenomena in multicellular organisms. Yeast has several advantages as an experimental organism and many methods used for bacteria can be adapted to them. Yeast is simple to grow, cultures are easily maintained, and classical and molecular genetic techniques can be used. The ability to approach problems genetically and biochemically has lead to substantive progess with this group of organisms in areas such as cell biology (1) and gene expression (2). This review is intended to introduce investigators to practical techniques for the growth and radioactive labeling of yeast, primarily of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For genetic techniques, readers are referred to a recent laboratory manual (3) and reviews (4,5).
Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients receiving statin therapy before carotid endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is associated with perioperative stroke and mortality in a minority of cases. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of pre-operative statins on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing CEA for internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. A systematic review of PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed. Studies were included which reported perioperative stroke and/or survival outcomes following CEA for ICA stenosis and compared patients who were and were not taking pre-operative statins. Relevant data were extracted and pooled using meta-analysis. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 21,387 patients. A total of 68.9% (14,976) were administered statins and 31.1% (6657) were statin-free. Pre-operative statin use was higher in patients with a history of cardiac disease (12.2 vs. 23.6% in the statin-free group), diabetes (31.6 vs. 25.1% in the statin-free group), and hypertension (83.5 vs. 72.2% in the statin-free group), while a greater proportion of statin-free patients had symptomatic disease (44.9 vs. 55.5% in the statin-free group). Statins were associated with reduced perioperative stroke in all patients (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34–0.95; p = 0.03) and in symptomatic patients (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.35–0.93; p = 0.03). A trend towards lower perioperative mortality (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.29, 1.03; p = 0.06) and significantly improved overall survival was observed in the statin group (HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.59–0.81; p < 0.001) at a mean follow-up of 62 months (range 27–76 months). Administration of statins before CEA is associated with lower rates of perioperative stroke and improved overall survival. Compliance with optimal medical treatment associated with the use of pre-operative statins may limit the clinical significance of these findings. Future investigation to characterize the potential benefit of statin therapy in patients undergoing CEA for ICA stenosis is warranted.
Introduction: Shibusawa Eiichi and the Idea of Confucian Capitalism

This chapter introduces Shibusawa Eiichi (1840–1931) and his vision of Confucian capitalism. Shibusawa, one of the most important leaders in Japan’s industrial revolution during the Meiji era, helped to launch nearly 500 business enterprises and was known for combining Confucian ethics and modern management in capitalist organizations. This chapter surveys rising global concerns about corporate social responsibility (CSR) and how Chinese Confucian and Legalist philosophical traditions viewed the respective merits of moral education and legal incentives as motivations for ethical leadership. It also examines scholarly views of Confucianism as both supporting and stifling capitalist development. It concludes that Shibusawa formulated his vision of Confucian capitalism as a means to bring both Confucian ethical considerations and modern efficiency to management decisions.
Bowman's risk-return paradox: An agency theory perspective

Abstract The negative association between risk and return is paradoxical because risk-averse managers should only expose themselves to higher risk for higher returns. The paradox is resolved, however, if we recognize that risk-averse managers may be taking decisions that pose risk for shareholders and not for their own careers. We draw on the career concerns literature to explain why decisions that pose risk to shareholder returns can enhance managerial careers. We provide evidence that the risk-return paradox is exacerbated by agency problems that contribute to career concerns (i.e., CEO career horizon), and mitigated by various governance mechanisms that curb the agency problem by aligning managers with shareholders (such as monitoring by the market for corporate control, large block owners, institutional owners, vigilant board, and CEO incentive alignment). Our study sheds light on the role of career concerns and corporate governance in resolving the risk-return paradox.
Psychiatric Comorbidity of Cannabis Use Disorder

Objective: This chapter reviews the epidemiology and treatment of cannabis use disorder (CUD) with psychiatric comorbidity.
Mangrove Management: Challenges and Guidelines

Abstract Although they comprise less than 1% of the world's tropical forests, mangrove ecosystems provide significant ecosystem services to coastal regions and the people residing there. Despite their contributions, worldwide mangrove losses are significant. This manuscript describes some of the diverse factors that create challenges to effective mangrove management, such as their open access nature, the absence of assignment of property and use rights to local communities, the difficulty recognizing and comparing the values of the long-term nonconsumptive services that mangroves provide with the immediate short-term benefits of mangrove destruction and conversion to alternative uses, and the overlapping authority and contradictory missions of the multiple government institutions responsible for mangrove ecosystems. In recent decades the efforts of several international organizations have led to a series of principles around which good consensus exists. This manuscript explores the most important principles and concludes with descriptions of various approaches to the management of mangrove ecosystems.
Use of Small Forage Fish for Regional Streams Wildlife Risk Assessment: Relative Bioaccumulation of Contaminants

Selection of fish species for sampling to assess extent and potential effects of fish tissue contaminants is a criticalconsideration in the design of regional probability-designsurveys. The ideal species would be ubiquitous, bioaccumulatetoxic chemicals, and be prey of consumers of concern(piscivorous wildlife, humans). In first to third order streams,small short-lived forage fish (minnows (F. Cyprinidae), darters (F. Percidae), and sculpins (F. Cottidae), are more frequently found and therefore likely to be prey to more species ofwildlife than those of sportfish whose adults grow to a largesize (suckers (F. Catostomidae), trout (F. Salmonidae), bass, andsunfish (F. Centrarchidae), and carp). Targeting smaller foragefish should also produce a larger number of individuals persample on average than may be achieved with the larger species.An analysis of fish collected in 1993 and 1994 as part of theMid-Atlantic Highlands Assessment (MAHA) showed that, asexpected, forage fish were more ubiquitous than sportfishspecies. Analysis also revealed that, on a regional basis, forage fish bioaccumulated comparable levels to sportfish, ofsome widely occurring contaminants such as DDT, MeHg, and PCBs.Results indicated that smaller forage fish can be used asindicator species for a regional assessment for mostcontaminants (Zn being the one clear exception), that was notsignificantly different from one based on the larger species.Forage fish may therefore be an excellent choice as indicatorspecies for regional streams ecological risk assessment studies.
Computational Techniques for Predicting Mechanical Properties of Organic Crystals: A Systematic Evaluation.

Understanding of the structure–mechanical properties relationship in organic crystals can potentially facilitate the design of crystals with desired mechanical properties through crystal engineerin...
Hemipteran Pests of Sugarcane in North America

Piercing-sucking herbivores (Insecta: Hemiptera) represent one of the greatest threats to agricultural production worldwide. Hemipteran pests directly injure plants as well as vector disease-causing plant pathogens. Production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in North America is impacted by a complex of Hemiptera including the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Aphididae); yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes) (Aphididae); West Indian canefly, Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) (Delphacidae); sugarcane delphacid, Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy (Delphacidae); and sugarcane lace bug, Leptodictya tabida (Herric-Schaeffer) (Tingidae). None of these pests is consistently damaging to large amounts of sugarcane acreage, but regional outbreaks are common. The biology, ecology, and pest management of these insects are discussed with emphasis on North America sugarcane production.
Glasgow Outcome Scale Measures and Impact on Analysis and Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract The original unstructured Glasgow Outcome Scale (uGOS) and the newer structured interviews GOS and the Extended GOS (GOS-E) have been used widely as outcomes in severe traumatic brain inju...
Unsupervised Deep Novelty Detection: Application To Muscle Ultrasound And Myositis Screening

This study investigates unsupervised novelty detection (ND) for screening of rare myopathies and specifically myositis. To support this study we developed from the ground up a novel and fully annotated dataset consisting of 3586 images taken of eighty nine individuals obtained under informed consent during 2016–2017. We developed and compared performance for several ND methods leveraging deep feature embeddings, utilizing generative as well as discriminative deep learning approaches for embeddings, and using various novelty scores. We carried out several performance comparisons including with a clinician, supervised binary classification approaches, and a generative method, demonstrating that our best performing approach is competitive with human performance and other best of breed algorithms.
A Reexamination of the Dividend Threshold

Existing literature contends that earnings thresholds are important to firms because stakeholders use them to evaluate firm performance. Three prevalent thresholds that have been consistently supported in the literature are earnings around zero, prior year’s earnings, and financial analysts’ forecasts. More recently, Daniel, Denis, and Naveen (2008) examine earnings management around dividend thresholds and find that firms use discretionary accruals to cover the amount of expected dividends when earnings would otherwise fall short. The present study reexamines this phenomenon to determine whether it persists after controlling for the prior thresholds. The findings suggest that firms managing earnings toward the dividend threshold is largely driven by firms’ desire make more money than the previous year. This result is fairly robust across different tests. This study contributes to the existing earnings management literature by providing evidence that the dividend threshold does not persist when compared to other thresholds previously shown to matter.
The classical‐map hyper‐netted‐chain (CHNC) method and associated novel density‐functional techniques for warm dense matter

The advent of short-pulse lasers, nanotechnology, as well as shock-wave techniques have created new states of matter (e.g., warm dense matter) that call for new theoretical tools. Ion correlations, electron correlations, as well as bound states, continuum states, partial degeneracies and quasi-equilibrium systems need to be addressed. Bogoliubov's ideas of timescales can be used to discuss the quasi-thermodynamics of nonequilibrium systems. A rigorous approach to the associated many-body problem turns out to be the computation of the underlying pair-distribution functions gee, gei, and gii, that directly yield nonlocal exchange-correlation potentials, free energies etc., valid within the timescales of each evolving system. An accurate classical map of the strongly-quantum uniform electron-gas problem given by Dharma-wardana and Perrot is reviewed. This replaces the quantum electrons at T = 0 by an equivalent classical fluid at a finite temperature Tq, and having the same correlation energy. The classical map is used with classical molecular dynamics (CMMD) or hyper-netted-chain integral equations (CHNC) to determine the pair-distribution functions (PDFs), and hence their thermodynamic and linear transport properties. The CHNC is very efficient for calculating the PDFs of uniform systems, while CMMD is more adapted to nonuniform systems. Applications to 2D and 3D quantum fluids, Si metal-oxide-field-effect transistors, Al plasmas, shock-compressed deuterium, two-temperature plasmas, pseudopotentials, as well as calculations for parabolic quantum dots are reviewed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Reliability and Validity of the Adult Hope Scale among Nursing Home Residents with and without Cognitive Impairment

Objectives: The current study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Adult Hope Scale among older adults with and without cognitive impairment who were recently admitted to a nursing home.Methods: Sixty-four recently admitted nursing home residents, 32 of whom had cognitive impairment, were administered the Adult Hope Scale and measures of concurrent and divergent validity.Results: In this sample, the Adult Hope Scale demonstrated good to excellent reliability. The Adult Hope Scale also correlated as expected with measures of concurrent and divergent validity, thus supporting the validity of the scale to measure hope in older adults despite level of cognitive functioning.Conclusions: This study shows that the Adult Hope Scale is a reliable and valid measure of hope in this sample of older adults with and without cognitive impairment who were recently admitted to a nursing home. Given the small sample size, additional research on the psychometric properties of the utility of the Adult Hope Scale in older adults with and without cognitive impairment is warranted.Clinical Implications: These preliminary findings allow future researchers and clinicians to consider administration of the Adult Hope Scale to individuals with and without cognitive impairment living in long-term care facilities. Gathering additional data on the psychometrics of this measure will enable new directions in research involving self-report measures for older adults with cognitive impairment, and in the development of interventions involving hope to improve physical and mental health in long-term care residents.
Our Emerging Cultural Shift: Regaining the Moral Case to Address Climate Change

Today, we have made climate change trivial by making its solutions easy, looking for simple answers that are palatable, generally framing it in the language of commerce. In the long run, it won’t work. There is no technological or political silver bullet to solving our environmental problems. While important in the short term, Elon Musk and the power of the market alone will not save us in the long term. In the long term, we will have to change the way we think. Without systemic changes in our culture and values, we will never recover from the destructive path on which we are embarked. This warning becomes all the more urgent as we find ourselves facing a new scale of environmental problems in what scientists are calling the Anthropocene, an era that requires a fundamental change in the intellectual, cultural and psychological conceptions of who we are as humans, what is the world around us, and how the two are intertwined. And to that end, solutions must be found in religion and philosophy. If the collective responsibility we need in the Anthropocene is connected to the teachings of the Bible, Torah, Quran, Bhagavad-gītā, Tripitaka and oral traditions of indigenous peoples, or the philosophies of Aurelius, Locke, Voltaire, Madison, Wordsworth, Thoreau, and Russell, then the world can change on its axis. It has happened before and with great upheaval, and it can happen again. But it will involve a culture shift as grand and sweeping as the Enlightenment, Reformation or Scientific Revolution.
Felicisima C. Serafica (1932–2019).

Presents an obituary for Felicisima C. Serafica (1932-2019). When Felicisima "Ping" C. Serafica became one of the first tenured Filipino American professors of psychology in the United States, she paved the way for many future generations. In 1956, Serafica moved back to the Philippines, where she helped establish one of the country's first hospitals for children with mental disabilities and the country's first interdisciplinary mental health clinic. She returned to the United States to complete her doctoral training in clinical psychology at Clark University, before becoming a faculty member at The Ohio State University (OSU) in 1977. As a faculty member in clinical child psychology, her work focused on children and youth-particularly those with learning disabilities and from racial minority backgrounds. She authored two books, Social Cognitive Development in Context (1982) and Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities (1990). She retired as Emeritus Associate Professor of Psychology in 2002. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Impact of Infusing Interactive and Collaborative Learning in Teaching Introductory Programming in a Dynamic Class

In this era of smart devices, new technologies, gadgets, apps, and numerous systems and services available over online, teaching an introductory programming course by traditional lecture method faces challenges to draw student's attention; especially in their freshman year. In this work, we discuss our experience in teaching an introductory CS course by infusing both interactive and collaborative learning in pedagogy so that students can learn using interactive platforms, tools, technologies, systems, and services as available to them and collaboration within and among groups. For interactive learning, students used an interactive programming environment (e.g. repl.it classroom) as well as online eBooks. We designed several in-class exercises, assignments, small lab-based projects with example codes and expected outputs, and unit tests by using built-in unit tests library. We also, in the middle of semester, introduced collaborative learning through teamwork on well-defined projects during the learning time and submitted at the end. The collaborations include use of basic task management tools and multi-player tool of repl.it that the students can critic, supplement, improve peer works and learn. To evaluate the impact of this infusion, a pre- and post-survey were conducted on student cohort in two different semesters. The initial evaluation of the survey results and performances (final project and final grades) show evidence to conclude that the proposed pedagogical approach increased student motivation and engagement and facilitated learning to entry-level computer science students.
Orthotropic Viscoelastic Modeling of Polymeric Battery Separator

The separator is one of the most important components for battery safety since its failure can cause short-circuit that may lead to thermal runaway. As such, understanding the mechanical behaviors of separators is critical to improve battery safety. Nevertheless, modeling the mechanical behaviors of separators is challenging since they usually depend on multiple factors such as orientation, temperature and strain rate due to the microstructure of separators. Here we develop an orthotropic linear viscoelastic model for separators, which takes both anisotropy and strain rate effects into account. This model is the first step of a future model that considers more factors such as temperature and large deformation. The model has been implemented as a user material model in a finite element package, where a discretization algorithm is developed to evaluate the stiffness-based hereditary integral with a kernel of Prony series. The user model has been applied to a polypropylene (PP) separator Celgard® 2400. The simulation results agree well with experimental data, which include the rate dependent uniaxial tensile behavior of the separator in the two in-plane material directions and in shear, and the strain contour patterns of every strain component during biaxial tension.
Moving from dual antiplatelet therapy to monotherapy based on P2Y12 receptor blockade—why it could be a novel paradigm?

Abstract Pivotal clinical trials conducted in the bare metal stent and first-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) eras established the superiority of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) over aspirin monotherapy in preventing ischemic events. Nonetheless, recent advances in stent technology improved the safety profile of these devices, lowered the risk of stent thrombosis, and reduced the need for prolonged DAPT. Furthermore, several studies have shown that the bleeding associated with prolonged DAPT confers an increase in mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Hence, DAPT strategies that minimize the bleeding risk and conserve the ischemic protection became an utmost need. While several studies have shown that short DAPT durations followed by aspirin monotherapy may be safe and feasible in relatively low-risk patients, extrapolation to higher risk patients remains uncertain. Even though aspirin has been the most widely used antiplatelet drug for many decades, recent evidence suggests potential benefits with the use of P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after a shortened DAPT duration in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with current-generation DESs. This concept is even being taken one step further as P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after PCI is currently being investigated in selected patients.
Mapping local and long-distance resting connectivity markers of TMS-related inhibition reduction in schizophrenia.

Abstract Short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is a biomarker for altered motor inhibition in schizophrenia, but the manner in which distant sites influence the inhibitory cortical-effector response remains elusive. Our study investigated local and long-distance resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) markers of SICI in a sample of N = 23 patients with schizophrenia and N = 29 controls. Local functional connectivity was quantified using regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis and long-range connectivity was estimated using seed-based rsFC analysis. Direct and indirect effects of connectivity measures on SICI were modeled using mediation analysis. Higher SICI ratios (indicating reduced inhibition) in patients were associated with lower ReHo in the right insula. Follow-up rsFC analyses showed that higher SICI scores (indicating reduced inhibition) were associated with reduced connectivity between right insula and hubs of the corticospinal pathway: sensorimotor cortex and basal ganglia. Mediation analysis supported a model in which the direct effect of local insular connectivity strength on SICI is mediated by the interhemispheric connectivity between insula and left sensorimotor cortex. The broader clinical implications of these findings are discussed with emphasis on how these preliminary findings might inform novel interventions designed to restore or improve SICI in schizophrenia and deepen our understanding of motor inhibitory control and impact of abnormal signaling in motor-inhibitory pathways in schizophrenia.
Transcriptomic analyses of gastrulation-stage mouse embryos with differential susceptibility to alcohol.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are a serious public health concern, affecting approximately 5% of live births in the US. The more severe craniofacial and central nervous system malformations characteristic of FASD are caused by alcohol exposure during gastrulation (embryonic day 7 in mice; 3rd week of human pregnancy). Genetics are a known contributor to differences in alcohol sensitivity in humans and in animal models of FASD. Our study profiled gene expression in gastrulation-stage embryos from two commonly used, genetically similar mouse substrains, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NHsd, that differ in alcohol sensitivity. First, we established normal gene expression patterns at three finely resolved timepoints during gastrulation and developed a web-based interactive tool. Baseline transcriptional differences across strains were associated with immune signaling, indicative of their molecular divergence. Second, we examined the gene networks impacted by alcohol in each strain. Alcohol was associated with a more pronounced transcriptional effect in the 6J's vs. 6N's, matching the 6J's increased susceptibility. The 6J strain exhibited down-regulation of cell proliferation and morphogenic signaling pathways and up-regulation of pathways related to cell death and craniofacial defects, while 6N's show enrichment of hypoxia (up) and cellular metabolism (down) pathways. Collectively, these datasets 1) provide insight into the changing transcriptional landscape across gastrulation in two commonly used mouse strains, 2) establish a valuable resource that enables the discovery of candidate genes that may modify susceptibility to prenatal alcohol exposure that can be validated in humans, and 3) identify novel pathogenic mechanisms potentially involved in alcohol's impact on development.
Elucidating Age and Sex-Dependent Association Between Frontal EEG Asymmetry and Depression: An Application of Multiple Imputation in Functional Regression

Frontal power asymmetry (FA), a measure of brain function derived from electroencephalography, is a potential biomarker for major depressive disorder (MDD). Though FA is functional in nature, it is...
Comparison of Survey and Interview Methods for Collecting Recent Caffeine and Alcohol Use Data in College Students

Background: The present study collected benchmark data on alternative methods for collecting quantity and frequency information about caffeine, alcohol, and caffeine and alcohol combined (CAFF+ALC)...
Chevreul, Michel-Eugène 1786–1889

Michel-Eugene Chevreul was one of the most important chemists of nineteenth century in France. He also made significant contributions to the domain of color science. He was born on August 31, 1786, in Angers, France, to a family of surgeons and his father, Michel, was a well-known physician and the dean of the local medical school (Chisholm in Chevreul, Michel-Eugene. Cambridge University Press, 1911 [1]).
Atomic Oxygen Plasma Effects on Cvd Deposited Diamond-Like Carbon Films* Research supported by NASA Lewis Research Center Grant NAG-3-95

CVD deposited diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been studied for possible use as a secondary standard for Low Earth Orbit materials degradation. Samples of various thicknesses have been exposed to a simulated Low Earth Orbit atomic oxygen (AO) environment using a plasma asher. Mass loss measurements indicate that DLC degrades at a rate of 0.7 mg/hr which is two to three times the rate of currently used Kapton samples which degrade at a rate of.3 mg/hr. Thickness measurements show that DLC thins at a rate of 77 Angstroms/min. Since DLC is not as susceptible to environmental factors such as moisture absorption, it could potentially provide more accurate measurements of AO fluence on short space flights. Adhesion of DLC films to both fused silica and crystalline silicon substrates has been studied under thermal cycling conditions. Film adhesion to fused silica can be enhanced by sputtering a thin layer of silicon dioxide onto the substrate prior to deposition. In addition to the above, the index of refraction and extinction coefficient of various thicknesses of DLC films has been characterized by Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry.
A WORK-HARDENING ELASTIC-PLASTIC WEDGE

The first complete solution to a plane problem of an infinite elastic-perfectly plastic wedge was given by Naghdi [1]. This closed-form solution pertained to the infinitesimal plane strain of an acute wedge under uniform pressure on one of its faces. The wedge material was incompressible and obeyed von Mises’ yield condition and the associated Prandtl-Reuss stress-strain relations. Subsequently, Bland and Naghdi [2] solved this same problem for a compressible elastic-perfectly plastic material obeying Tresca’s yield condition and its associated flow rule. Plane stress solutions to this same problem were given by Naghdi [3] and Kalnins [4]. Wedges of arbitrary opening angle acted on by general uniform surface tractions were treated by Murch and Naghdi [5]. The solutions for all of these plane wedge problems are made tractable by the fact that the components of stress and strain depend only on the angular coordinate in a system of plane polar coordinates. Thus, the elastic-plastic boundaries are radial lines. Furthermore, the uniform state of stress in the plastic zones is determined from the yield condition and the equations of equilibrium. With the stress field known, the displacement field is determined by integration of the constitutive equations and the strain-displacement relations.
“Por el Bien Común”: identidades profesionales, negociaciones sociales y la formación de la clase media en Bogotá, 1958-1965

By appropriating the concept of social negotiation, the article discusses how, since the beginning of the National Front in Colombia in 1958, professional women and men working for national and local states negotiated their identities as part of a middle class. The chapter also demonstrates how these women and men shaped development programs such as the Alliance for Progress. Through these negotiations, these professionals sought to legitimize themselves as the source of democratic government in an eternal opposition to those who were defined as the supreme representation of anti-democracy.
From air to land: understanding water resources through plant-based multidisciplinary research

Current global challenges require solutions that cannot be delivered by any one field alone. New developments in the analysis and interpretation of plant-derived climatic records bridge traditional disciplines, advancing understanding of phenomena of great ecological and societal significance, specifically, those related to changes in the terrestrial water cycle.