cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships between the morphometry of alpine and subalpine basins and remotely sensed estimates of lake turbidity, glacier national park, montana

Relationships between characteristics of alpine and subalpine drainage basin form and estimates of lake turbidity were examined. The study was designed to provide insight into sediment removal and delivery systems in an environment where direct process studies are difficult because of logistical constraints. Remote sensing techniques were developed to assess lake turbidity levels through the acquisition of spectral responses by the Landsat Thematic Mapper. Topographic maps were interpreted to derive measurements of morphometric characteristics of 25 study basins within Glacier National Park, Montana. The morphometric variables were chosen to describe basin characteristics related to sediment removal and transport processes. Correlation analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess characteristics of basin form and the relationship to levels of lake turbidity. A significant correlation between the first principal component, whic...
Ultrathin Surface Coatings for Improved Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes at Elevated Temperature

To enhance the cycling stability of LiMn2O4 especially at elevated temperature, we use the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method to deposit ultrathin and highly conformal ZnO coatings (as thin as 0.34−1.7 nm) onto LiMn2O4 cathodes with precise thickness-control at atomic scale. We prepare two types of ALD-modified electrodes: one is an electrode composed of ALD-coated LiMn2O4 particles and uncoated carbon/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) network; the other is ALD-coated LiMn2O4 composite electrode. All ALD-modified LiMn2O4 electrodes demonstrate significantly enhanced cycling performances than bare electrodes at both 25 and 55 °C. In particular, the electrode coated with 6 ZnO ALD layers (1.02 nm thick) shows the best cycling performances among electrodes coated with ALD films of different thicknesses at both 25 and 55 °C, indicating cycling performances of coated electrodes can be easily optimized by accurately tuning coating thickness via varying ALD growth cycles. Furthermore, an electrode consisting of LiMn2O4 particles coated with 6 ZnO ALD layers and uncoated carbon/PVDF network shows even better electrochemical performances than an electrode coated with 6 ZnO ALD layers at both 25 and 55 °C. The enhanced electrochemical performances of ALD-coated cathodes are ascribed to the high-quality ALD coatings that are highly conformal, dense, complete, and thus effectively protect active material from Mn dissolution especially at elevated temperature.
Large-scale pseudostate calculations for electron scattering from neon atoms

We report large-scale $R$-matrix (close-coupling) with pseudostates calculations for electron scattering from Ne atoms. The present calculations were performed in the nonrelativistic $LS$-coupling approximation with a recently developed parallel version of our suite of $B$-spline $R$-matrix codes. The principal goal was to generate converged (with the number of states in the close-coupling expansion) results for angle-integrated elastic, ionization, and total cross sections. The cross sections for excitation, which are also required for the latter, are generated in this nonrelativistic model as the sum for all terms. The close-coupling expansion used in this work includes 679 target states, with the lowest-lying 55 states representing the Ne bound spectrum and the remaining 624 states representing the ionization continuum. Our results are in close agreement with available experimental data for the elastic and total cross sections over the wide range of electron energies between 0.1 and 200 eV. With the pseudostate approach, we also obtain accurate cross sections for ionization from both the ground and the metastable states of neon. Our results confirm the very strong influence of coupling to the target continuum on theoretical predictions for excitation cross sections in Ne at intermediate energies, an effect that was previously reported by Ballance and Griffin [J. Phys. B 37, 2943 (2004)].
Investigation on the Occupational Health Status in Footwear Industries in Wujiang City

[Objective]To investigate the occupational health status in the footwear industries in Wujiang City and protect the mental and physical health of the workers.[Methods] Occupational health investigation and spot detection were carried out according to relevant standard and criteria. [Results] All the 62 footwear enterprises were found to have adopted viscose process with great occupational hazards; most of the enterprises were lack of occupational protection; the major occupational hazards were benzene, toluene and xylene, the rate of occupational health examination was only 29.1%. [Conclusion]Severe occupational hazards exist in the footwear enterprises; comprehensive management should be carried out to protect the workers' health.
Epidemiological characteristics of repeated hand foot mouth disease infections among children in Baiyun district,Guangzhou

Objective To analyze epidemical characteristics of repeated hand foot mouth disease(HFMD)infections in Baiyun district,Guangzhou.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was employed to analyse chidren cases in community with repeated HFMD infections in Baiyun district from January,2009 to September,2011.Results There were 18665 cases of HFMD and 542(incidence rate 2.95%) repeated infections occurred from January,2009 to September,2011,of which more repeated infecions were reported in southwest urban villages.There was stastical relationship between month distribution of repeated infections and the whole incidence rate(r=0.84,p0.0001).No relationship was found between time distribution of repeated infection and the first infection's disease prototype.More cases were repoted among children aged less than 4 years(85.24% of total cases).Incidence rate among boys was 1.75 times of girls and the ratio was 1.70∶ 1 between scattered children and group children.Etiology detection showed that other enteroviruses were more common.Conclusion Incidence of children repeated HFMD infections differed obviously by seasons,areas and genders.Different disease prototypes and wide distribution may lead to the repeated infections among children.Health education to children's guardians and sanitary control in kindergartens should be strengtherned.
Tracheal autograft revascularization

A series of experiments were conducted to assess the possibility of revascularizing tracheal homografts with an omental pedicle flap. Three different experiments were performed. In Group I (N = 4) a ten-ring tracheal allograft was embedded into the greater omentum of a recipient animal for 30 days. At reexploration these four allografts were found to have been transformed into a tube consisting mainly of connective tissue. To provide more collateral circulation, we immediately reanastomosed an eight-ring tracheal autograft in Group II animals (N = 7). Collateral blood supply was possibly available from the surrounding mediastinal tissues, the recipient trachea, and the transposed omental graft. Tracheal malacia and loss of rings 4,5, and 6 was a consistent finding and cause of death. A third group of animals (Group III) underwent a similar operation with the addition of free bone grafts being applied to the external surface of the autograft to impede significant tracheal stenosis. The long-term results and the findings when the animals were put to death were the same as in Group II. We conclude that the omental pedicle graft cannot sustain chondrocyte viability. Thus a reliable method for revascularization of a tracheal transplant remains to be found.
Bipolar radiofrequency plasma-mediated ablation of porcine nasal septal cartilage: a pilot investigation.

BackgroundThe objectives of this pilot study were to (1) determine whether bipolar radiofrequency plasma-mediated ablation (PMA) can efficiently remove nasal septal cartilage and (2) calculate the ...
Advancing Human Rights and Social and Economic Justice: Developing Competence in Field Education

Social workers advance human rights and social and economic justice through their practice and policy work. The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) mandates that social work students develop knowledge, values, and skills in this area, as one of the core competencies of their professional training. This qualitative study analyzed learning contracts of four cohorts of BSW seniors (n = 114) to identify the stated activities for advancing human rights and social and economic justice through field education. Fifteen of these students also provided their understanding of the connection between their activities and this core competency. The findings revealed the types of activities that social work students engage in to develop and demonstrate readiness for practice. More than other core competencies, some students struggled to identify specific activities related to their practice setting, client population, or social work role. Implications for social work education and the implementation of CSWE’s 2015 Education Policy and Accreditation Standards are discussed.
Measure for Measure: ‘A Little Brief Authority’

On 26 December 1604, in the banqueting hall at Whitehall, King James and his court watched a performance of Measure for Measure. It followed, by some months, the play’s debut at the Globe, which had reopened on 9 April after being closed for nearly a year by an outbreak of the plague so severe that the general public was banned from the new king’s cornonation (25 July 1603) and his first royal progress through London was postponed until March of 1604. Performances at the Globe were part of the still relatively new and highly controversial practice of playgoing centred upon the stages of London’s public playhouses — structures unknown in England before 1576 — and involving companies of adult actors who earned their livings by performing there before paying audiences as often as six afternoons a week for as long as ten months of the year. During the reigns of Elizabeth and James, the crown and civic officials (particularly in London) jostled to assert their control over playhouses, players, and those who made up their audiences. That manoeuvring was one manifestation of a fundamental struggle under way in early modern Engand regarding the nature, the location, and the scope of ultimate authority — political, religious, economic, cultural. Did it or did it not reside in the person of the monarch? If so, what limits, if any, was the sovereign subject to in exercising that authority, and in what style — by what means and in what manner — should it be exercised?
Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with episodic airway constriction manifesting as chest tightness, wheezing, and cough, particularly at night and early in the morning. Approximately 14–15 million people in the United States suffer from asthma and it is the most common chronic disease of childhood, with an estimated 4.8 million affected children. Asthma accounts for close to 500,000 hospitalizations each year in the United States and approx 5000 deaths each year.
Reseña: Isabel Torres Dujisin, La crisis del sistema democrático: las elecciones presidenciales y los proyectos políticos excluyentes. Chile 1958 – 1973, Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, 2014, 421 páginas.

Isabel Torres Dujisin, La crisis del sistema democratico: las elecciones presidenciales y los proyectos politicos excluyentes. Chile 1958 – 1973, Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, 2014, 421 paginas.
Integrating Energy-saving Concept into General Product Design

Currently, Energy and Environmental issues are worldwide concerns. Energy savings is also without doubt the most effective strategy for environmental protection. This paper introduces a new general product design method. Our research effort will be directed towards the following three primary objectives: (1) investigating all the aspects related to energy-saving issues throughout the entire product life cycle; (2) developing a mathematical model (called Energy Factor) to calculate the products' energy consumption throughout the entire life cycle; (3) establishing the theoretical frame of the new innovative product design method. In this innovative method, the energy-saving concept will be applied at the first step of product life cycle, i.e. product design. And we believe that it will bring the product design to a new stage, which can design the energy-saving products and manufacturing systems. In order to reduce the energy consumption throughout the entire product life cycle (from cradle to grave), this design method is based on axiomatic design theory, and integrates design unit and energy factor concepts. In this paper, the theory frame will be described in detail, and the new concept called energy factor will be introduced briefly.
Comparing outcomes of early, late, and non-surgical management of intraspinal abscess

Intraspinal abscesses (ISAs) are rare lesions that are often neurologically devastating. Current treatment paradigms vary widely including early surgical decompression, drainage, and systemic antibiotics, delayed surgery, and sole medical management. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried for cases of ISA from 2003 to 2012. Early and late surgery were defined as occurring before or after 48h of admission. Outcome measures included mortality, incidence of major complications, length of stay (LOS), and inpatient costs. A total of 10,150 patients were included (6281 early surgery, 3167 delayed surgery, 702 medical management). Paralysis, the main comorbidity, was most associated with early surgery (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the rates of postoperative infection and paraplegia were highest with early surgery (p<0.0001), but the incidence of sepsis was higher with delayed surgery (p<0.0001). Early surgery was least associated with in-hospital mortality (p=0.0212), sepsis (p<0.001), and had the shortest LOS (p<0.001). Charges were highest with delayed surgery, and least with medical management (p<0.001). Medical management was associated with lower rates of complications (p<0.001). This is the largest study of patients with ISAs ever performed. Our results suggest that patients with ISAs undergoing surgical management have better outcomes and lower costs when operated on within 48h of admission, emphasizing the importance of accurate and early diagnosis of ISA.
Contingent Valuation and the Policymaking Process: An Application to Used Nuclear Fuel in the United States

Survey-based contingent valuation (CV) techniques are commonly used to value the potential effects of a policy change when market-based valuation of those effects is not possible. The results of these analyses are often intended to inform policy decisions, which are made within the context of formal policymaking institutions. These institutions are typically designed to reduce the large number of potential options for addressing any given policy problem to a binary choice between the continuation of current policy and a single, specified alternative. In this research we develop an approach for conducting CV exercises in a manner consistent with the decision structure typically faced by policymakers. The data generated from this approach allow for an estimate of willingness to pay (WTP) for a defined policy alternative, relative to leaving policy unchanged, which we argue is of direct interest to policymakers. We illustrate our approach within the context of policy governing the storage of used nuclear fuel in the United States. We value the policy option of constructing an interim storage facility relative to continuation of current policy, wherein used nuclear fuel is stored on-site at or near commercial nuclear generating plants. We close the paper with a discussion of the implications for future research and the role of CV in the policymaking process.
A neural model of normal and abnormal learning and memory consolidation: adaptively timed conditioning, hippocampus, amnesia, neurotrophins, and consciousness

How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact with thalamocortical systems to regulate cognitive and cognitive-emotional learning? Why do lesions of thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex have differential effects depending on the phase of learning when they occur? In particular, why is the hippocampus typically needed for trace conditioning, but not delay conditioning, and what do the exceptions reveal? Why do amygdala lesions made before or immediately after training decelerate conditioning while those made later do not? Why do thalamic or sensory cortical lesions degrade trace conditioning more than delay conditioning? Why do hippocampal lesions during trace conditioning experiments degrade recent but not temporally remote learning? Why do orbitofrontal cortical lesions degrade temporally remote but not recent or post-lesion learning? How is temporally graded amnesia caused by ablation of prefrontal cortex after memory consolidation? How are attention and consciousness linked during conditioning? How do neurotrophins, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), influence memory formation and consolidation? Is there a common output path for learned performance? A neural model proposes a unified answer to these questions that overcome problems of alternative memory models.
Agamermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) Infection in South Carolina Agricultural Pests

Native and invasive stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the closely related invasive Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) are agricultural pests in the southeastern United States. Natural enemies, from various phyla, parasitize these pests and contribute to population regulation. We specifically investigated Nematoda infections in pentatomid and plataspid pests in one soybean field in South Carolina in 2015. Nematodes were identified through molecular and morphological methods and assigned to family Mermithidae, genus Agamermis. This study reports mermithid nematode infection in immature M. cribraria for the first time and provides the first mermithid host record for the stink bugs Chinavia hilaris, Euschistus servus, and another Euschistus species, and a grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in South Carolina. The same Agamermis species infected all hosts. The broad host range and prevalence suggests that Agamermis may be an important contributor to natural mortality of pentatomid and plataspid pests. Previous mermithid host records for the Pentatomidae and Plataspidae worldwide are summarized. Further work is needed to assess the impact of infection on populations over a broader range of agricultural fields and geographic localities.
Understanding Danmaku's Potential in Online Video Learning

Danmaku is a video comment feature which is used to overlay comments onto videos of many types and is gaining popularity in China. In this paper, we explore Danmaku's potential in online video learning. We present our survey results of 213 Chinese online users regarding their usage of danmaku. We also propose a new design in which danmaku is modified and leveraged to better facilitate user engagement and interaction in an online learning environment. Our results show that participants perceived both designs to have many benefits in terms of social presence and cognitive presence. Most of the participants post danmaku themselves instead of simply watching others' danmaku. In addition, about 40% of the participants who did not prefer the original design showed more positive feedback in the new design.
Zukunftsorientierung: Gestalten Sie die Zukunft, statt sie vorherzusagen!

Fur die IT-Industrie kann zumindest eines als sicher gelten – grose Unsicherheit wird fur die kommenden Jahre ihr pragendes Charakteristikum sein. Immense Herausforderungen stehen an, die nur durch radikale Innovationen bewaltigt werden konnen. Forschung und Entwicklung kommt dabei eine Schlusselrolle zu. Angesichts einer turbulenten und schwer prognostizierbaren Weltwirtschaftslage geraten jedoch auch die Forschungsbudgets zunehmend unter Druck. Hohere Effizienz und mehr Ausgabendisziplin sind gefordert. Gleichzeitig wachst der Anspruch an die Forschung, auch im laufenden Geschaftsjahr bereits zum Unternehmenserfolg beizutragen. Fur das Forschungsmanagement stellt sich unter diesen Bedingungen die Frage, wie Aufbruchsstimmung und unternehmerisches Verhalten in F&E gefordert werden konnen. Wie kann die Forschung den widerspruchlich scheinenden Erwartungen – kurzfristig Wert zu schaffen und langfristig radikal Neues hervorzubringen – gerecht werden? Ein Blick auf das strategische Forschungsmanagement der IBM verdeutlicht, wie der Spagat nicht nur gelingen, sondern auch als Treiber fur Innovation genutzt werden kann. Effectuation-Prinzipien erhalten in diesem Kontext eine nicht zu unterschatzende Bedeutung. Bei IBM sind sie – wie die aufgefuhrten Fallbeispiele verdeutlichen – im strategischen Management verankert und pragende Elemente der Kultur.
Modeling the slag layer in solid fuel gasification and combustion -- Two-way coupling with CFD

Abstract A steady-state model has been developed to describe the flow and heat transfer characteristics of slag that takes into consideration the contribution of the momentum of captured particles and the possibility of slag resolidification along the walls. The model also incorporates a criterion for particle capture or rebound. Captured particles flow with the local slag average velocity. Some of these particles may contain combustibles and they continue to burn at a different rate. To take this into account, a wall consumption submodel is proposed to predict a correction factor for the porous char consumption models. The slag flow model, along with the particle capture and consumption submodels are two-way coupled with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of coal combustion, resulting in changing the discrete phase and temperature boundary conditions of the bulk flow simulations. The coupled CFD simulation shows that the wall traps about 56% of the coal particles fed to the combustor, while the wall temperature and heat flux to the wall are not significantly affected by the inclusion of a slag layer.
Storytime Can Be Social Justice Time

Library storytimes are resources through which children can learn literacy skills, but they also have the potential for even greater impact. Families also use storytimes to gain valuable social interactions. Libraries currently offer storytimes in response to community needs and values, and looking at storytime through a social justice lens gives library staff an opportunity to share and model valuable lessons in acceptance, inclusion, kindness, and empathy. Resources exist to help storytime providers re-evaluate their storytimes and make incremental changes that can reap big benefits for attendees.
Quantitative analysis of the rat kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) gene mRNA expression reveals low copy numbers in the brain in normal conditions and after peripheral LPS challenge

The enzyme kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) converts kynurenine into 3-hydroxy-kynurenine (3-HK) along the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism. Increased or decreased function of this enzyme has been implicated in a number of neuropathological states. Deletion of this gene in mice has been shown to result in a number of neurobehavioral alterations suggesting a role in the brain. However, studies detailing neuroanatomical descriptions of KMO expression in the brain are lacking. In the present study, high sensitive radioactive in situ hybridization along with conventional RT-PCR and real time RT- PCR were employed to quantify in the rat brain and peripheral organs the expression of KMO in normal conditions and after peripheral administration of LPS. KMO mRNA expression was detected in the brain by real-time RT-PCR in normal conditions with the highest expression in the hippocampus. This signal was increased 2-fold after LPS administration. However, full length mRNA for KMO was not detected in any brain region under any condition. In situ hybridization using full length probes detected robust signals in the liver, kidney and spleen. Nevertheless, these probes failed to detect specific signals in the brain under any condition. This data shows that while mRNA for KMO can be detected by real-time RT-PCR, full length mRNA for KMO in the rat brain is below detection levels of conventional expression methods, both under normal and inflammatory conditions.
A Novel Mechanism for Atherosclerotic Calcification: Potential Resolution of the Oxidation Paradox.

Abstract Aim: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lipid peroxide-derived dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), by virtue of their ability to bind to calcium (Ca), might be involved in atherosclerotic...
G144 Peer review evaluation and national guideline comparison

Aims Peer review in child protection is an important aspect of reflective practice. It aims to impartially evaluatethe work of others, improving the quality of care.1 The RCPCH recommends organising and documenting monthly peer review meetings, lead by a chairperson. This audit was designed to compare the current peer review system with the RCPCH national guidelines therefore highlighting areas of potential improvement within the peer review system. Methods Stage 1 – Peer review forms from August 2014 to July 2015 were evaluated and compared to national RCPCH guidelines to look for possible areas of improvement. Following the initial audit, several recommendations were made; the peer review form was redesigned and a single chairperson was suggested. Stage 2 – Peer review forms were evaluated from January 2016 to December 2016 to compare the effectiveness of the new form and to look for any further improvements in peer review. Results From August 2014 to July 2015, peer review forms were insufficiently completed. Following the redesign of the form the documentation of peer review meetings improved (table 1). Conclusion The simple measure of changing the peer review form has improved the documentation of peer review meetings. Following Stage 2, there have been further improvements to the peer review form regarding patient documentation. This change will be evaluated in two years time. Reference . Libell N. Peer review in Safeguarding. https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/page/Peer%20review%20final.pdf (Accessed: 15 August 2017)
Fibromyalgia: A Unifying Neuroendocrinologic Model for Understanding Its Pathophysiology

Fibromyalgia is believed to affect at least 2% of the population. Despite advances in the scientific understanding of the derangements of central and peripheral pain processing mechanisms in fibromyalgia, no current models of its pathophysiology account for the other clinical conditions associated with it such as fatigue, migraine headache, irritable bowel syndrome, and sleep cycle abnormalities. A neuroendocrinologic model of fibromyalgia is presented that accommodates both its known central and peripheral pain mechanisms as well as the myriad of hormonal, visceral, and psychological symptoms associated with that disorder. This model also provides a unifying pathophysiologic basis of fibromyalgia and chronic muscle pain, and offers the potential for developing new avenues of research and treatment for these enigmatic, frequently disabling medical conditions.
Space and Habitat Use by Male and Female Raccoons, Procyon lotor , in Kansas

We monitored 12 radio-tagged adult Raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) from an unexploited population in northeastern Kansas to determine intersexual differences in space and habitat use. Home ranges (mean ± SE) of males were relatively large (266 ± 14 ha) and mutually exclusive, whereas home ranges of females were relatively small (122 ± 52 ha) and overlapped extensively. Sizes of home ranges were smaller ( P < 0.05) in winter than summer for both sexes, although females reduced their home ranges more than males. Females used more grassland habitats than males during summer ( P < 0.05), whereas males used more grassland habitats than females during winter ( P < 0.05). Seasonal differences in habitat selection was detected for females ( P < 0.05), but not males. Intersexual differences in space and habitat use were likely related to different behavioral strategies employed by male and female Raccoons.
Bayesian "Confidence Intervals" for the Cross-validated Smoothing Spline

SUMMARY We consider the model Y(t) =g(ti) + ei, i = 17 2, . . ., n, where g(t), t [0, 1] is a smooth function and the {ei) are independent N(0, a2 ) errors with G2 unknown. The cross-validated smoothing spline can be used to estimate g non-parametrically from
Fetal “Breathing” in the 1970s and Fetal Heart Rate Analysis in the 1980s and Early 1990s

Since antiquity, mothers have been keenly aware of movements by the developing fetus. For instance, Rebekah wife of Isaac noted that “… The children [Esau and Jacob] struggled together within her” (Genesis 25:22). Even before taking advantage of the chronically catheterized sheep preparation, Geoffrey Dawes rediscovered the fact that the fetus “breathed” in utero. He recounted later that it was, in part, because of “Mont” Liggins that he embarked upon this field of research. For it was in the spring of 1970 that Liggins spent a 3-month sabbatical at the Nuffield Institute. Several months earlier, in “acute” experiments in which the fetus still attached to the umbilical cord was placed in a warm saline bath, the Nuffield group had observed respiratory-like activity (Dawes et al. 1972a). Although initially planning to explore some aspects of the role of insulin in the regulation of fetal metabolic control, Liggins demonstrated to Dawes the value of the chronically catheterized, unanesthetized preparation to study this activity (Dawes 1989, p. 6). Concurrently, an American medical student, Harold Edward Fox from the University of Rochester, spent the academic year 1969–1970 working at the NIMR. In Rochester, Fox had done some work with Mortimer G. Rosen (1931–1992), studying the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of fetal guinea pigs and lambs. Fox who went on to become Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Johns Hopkins University (1997–2013) states that seeing Dawes’ recordings of the periodic nature of fetal breathing movements was “… reminiscent of the high voltage slow/low voltage fast periodicity of the … electrocorticogram of the fetal lamb.” On several occasions Fox mentioned this to Dawes, who, however, showed “minimal interest” in this association. Later, at a Friday afternoon meeting in Dawes’ office for “sherry,” they were discussing preparations for the following Monday’s chronic preparation. Dawes invited Fox to prepare his electrodes to place in the fetal skull. “We did not have the sensitive biological amplifiers necessary for EEG recording”; however, working with Derek Wyatt over the weekend, they prepared a system for recording. Fox has recalled, “On Monday, I placed the electrodes and by Wednesday we were recording fetal electrocorticogram and correlating its activity to fetal respiratory movements. Subsequently, Dr. Dawes supported my proposal to record fetal eye movements as well and we embarked upon this several preparations later. I can remember Dr. Dawes’ excitement when we sat down to review the polygraph records of fetal respiratory activity and fetal ECoG for the first time. Sharing in the excitement of discovery is infectious and I will be forever grateful.” Fox continued, “My year at Oxford had a profound effect upon my career as did the mentoring of Dr. Dawes and Dr. Rosen” (Letter from HEF to LDL, 19 May 2009).
The equation of state for stellar envelopes : comparison of theoretical results

A previous comparison of thermodynamical quantities, computed in the chemical and physical pictures, revealed a remarkable agreement in the H and He ionization zones of the Sun, despite the radically different treatment of bound states in the two formalisms. This agreement was due to an unexpectedly dominating Coulomb pressure term. New comparisons, for higher temperatures and densities, and for a representative solar mixture (H, He and O), have demonstrated substantial differences in the O-ionization fractions. Also, the thermodynamic quantities reflect these differences to a degree that is within reach of helioseismology
Correction to: Medical Students' Efforts to Integrate and/or Reclaim Authentic Identity: Insights from a Mask-Making Exercise.

The authors would like to correct a misspelling in the name of one of the authors due to a typographical error. The name should read Atur Turakhia, not Artur Turakhia. This does not change the conclusions or interpretations presented.
Thoughts on phronesis

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the concept of phronesis in two contexts: phronesis as a virtue, in fact a meta-virtue because it guides the exercise of other virtues; and phronesis as an element in theories of practice. I argue that these two aspects are closely related, because ethics – especially virtue ethics – is best understood as a kind of practice. The second part of the essay explores some of the consequences of thinking about ethics in this way.
Trump's Dangerous Judicial Legacy

Reviewing statistical data on the composition of the federal judiciary over the last forty plus years, this paper describes what appears to be President Trump’s deliberate effort to reverse a decades-long trend by his presidential predecessors to diversify the federal judiciary. It then imagines both the motivations for and consequences of this effort. The longstanding commitment to increasing judicial diversity that preceded President Trump reflects a tacit, and at times even explicit, acknowledgement by his presidential predecessors that the legitimacy of our justice system depends on a diverse judiciary. By contrast, Trump’s judicial appointments reveal an increasingly evident ambition to “whitewash” America that has emerged from his larger rhetorical commitment to “Make America Great Again.” Combining the statistical data on the rapidly shifting demography of the federal judiciary under President Trump with insights from the scholarly literature on theories of procedural justice and representative bureaucracy, which posit that the diversity of judges matters to citizens’ perceptions of justice as well as to judicial accountability to minority citizens’ interests, this paper suggests that President Trump’s “whitewashing” of the federal judiciary will have grave consequences for the legitimacy and effective functioning of our courts on behalf of an increasingly diverse citizenry.
Thin Glass Substrates with Through-Glass Vias.

Abstract Glass substrates with fine-pitch through-glass via (TGV) technology is a promising approach to system in a package (SIP) integration. Millimeter wave applications, in particular, benefit f...
Soft-Hard Composites for Bioelectric Interfaces.

Bioelectric devices can probe fundamental biological dynamics and improve the lives of human beings. However, direct application of traditional rigid electronics onto soft tissues can cause signal transduction and biocompatibility issues. One common mitigation strategy is the use of soft–hard composites to form more biocompatible interfaces with target cells or tissues. Here, we identify several soft–hard composite designs in naturally occurring systems. We use these designs to categorize the existing bioelectric interfaces and to suggest future opportunities. We discuss the utility of soft–hard composites for a variety of interfaces, such as in vitro and in vivo electronic or optoelectronic sensing and genetic and nongenetic modulation. We end the review by proposing new soft–hard composites for future bioelectric studies.
Outcomes in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis Undergoing Heart Transplantation

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to report outcomes after heart transplantation in patients with cardiac amyloidosis based on a large single-center experience. Background Cardiac amyloidosis causes significant morbidity and mortality, often leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy, progressive heart failure, and death. Historically, heart transplantation outcomes have been worse in patients with cardiac amyloidosis compared with other heart failure populations, in part due to the systemic nature of the disease. However, several case series have suggested that transplantation outcomes may be better in the contemporary era, likely in part due to the availability of more effective light chain suppressive therapies for light chain amyloidosis. Methods This study examined all patients seen between 2004 and 2017, either at the Stanford University Medical Center or the Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, who were diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis and ultimately underwent heart transplantation. This study examined pre-transplantation characteristics and post-transplantation outcomes in this group compared with the overall transplantation population at our center. Results During the study period, 31 patients (13 with light chain amyloidosis and 18 with transthyretin [ATTR] amyloidosis) underwent heart transplantation. Patients with ATTR amyloidosis were older, were more likely to be male, had worse baseline renal function, and had longer waitlist times compared with both patients with light chain amyloidosis and the overall transplantation population. Post-transplantation, there were no differences in post-operative bleeding, renal failure, infection, rejection, or malignancy. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients who underwent heart transplantation for amyloid cardiomyopathy and patients who underwent heart transplantation for all other indications. Conclusions In carefully selected patients with cardiac amyloidosis, heart transplantation can be an effective therapeutic option with outcomes similar to those transplanted for other causes of heart failure.
A Simple Merchant-Regulatory Incentive Mechanism Applied to Electricity Transmission Pricing and Investment: The Case of H-R-G-V

The H-R-G-V mechanism is an incentive device that induces a Transco to undertake welfare-optimal transmission investments in an electricity sector with competitive generators and loads and in the absence of environmental externalities. It does that via a two-part tariff that hands all surplus increases resulting from the Transco’s investments to the Transco. The current chapter analyzes the effects that imperfect competition among generators, imperfect environmental regulations, and a fairer distribution of transmission benefits have on the functioning of the H-R-G-V mechanism. The results show that the mechanism is quite adaptable without losing a large part of its benefits. However, care needs to be taken to keep the H-R-G-V mechanism compatible with other policy instruments applied to generators and loads. In particular, welfare benefit contributions from these other actors have to be separated from those attributable to the Transco.
Warum dieses Buch

Was hat den Autor zum Schreiben des Buches motiviert? Amerikanische Wissenschaftler wollen die „Opioid-Krise“ in den USA durch ein besseres Verstandnis der Hirnchemie losen, in der New York Times feiert ein Kolumnist ein neues Medikament als die „Losung“ gegen steigende Suizidzahlen, und ein israelischer Bestsellerautor erklart den Eingriff in die Hirnchemie als den Weg zum „globalen Gluck“. Ein biologischer Reduktionismus macht sich breit, und eine humanistische Menschensicht wird von Journalisten als „uberholt“ bezeichnet. Sind wir auf dem richtigen Weg?
Synergy with TGFß ligands switches WNT pathway dynamics from transient to sustained during human pluripotent cell differentiation

Abstract WNT/s-catenin signaling is crucial to all stages of life. It controls early morphogenetic events in embryos, maintains stem-cell niches in adults, and is disregulated in many types of cancer. Despite its ubiquity, little is known about the dynamics of signal transduction or whether it varies across contexts. Here we probe the dynamics of signaling by monitoring nuclear accumulation of s-catenin, the primary transducer of canonical WNT signals, using quantitative live-cell imaging. We show that s-catenin signaling responds adaptively to constant WNT signaling in pluripotent stem cells, and that these dynamics become sustained upon differentiation. Varying dynamics were also observed in the response to WNT in commonly used mammalian cell-lines. Signal attenuation in pluripotent cells is controlled by both intra- and extra-cellular negative regulation of WNT signaling. TGFs-superfamily ligands Activin and BMP, which coordinate with WNT signaling to pattern the gastrula, increase the s-catenin response in a manner independent of their ability to induce new WNT-ligand production. Our results reveal how variables external to the pathway, including differentiation status and crosstalk with other pathways, dramatically alter WNT/s-catenin dynamics.
Semi-Empirical Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relations in Sloan Magnitudes

In this paper we derive semi-empirical Cepheid period-luminosity (P-L) relations in the Sloan ugriz magnitudes by combining the observed BVI mean magnitudes from the Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids (LMC) and theoretical bolometric corrections. We also constructed empirical gr band P-L relations, using the publicly available Johnson-Sloan photometric transformations, to be compared with our semi-empirical P-L relations. These two sets of P-L relations are consistent with each other.
Organic petrology and geochemistry of the Sunbury and Ohio Shales in eastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio

As part of a study to determine the origin of oil and gas in the Berea Sandstone in northeastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio, 158 samples of organic-rich shale from the Upper Devonian Olentangy and Ohio Shales and the Lower Mississippian Sunbury Shale, collectively referred to as the “black shale,” were collected and analyzed from 12 cores. The samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) content, organic petrography, and programmed pyrolysis. Previously acquired analytical data for 11 samples from 2 additional wells in eastern Kentucky were also used. Most of the samples were organic rich (>5 wt. % TOC), high in sulfur (>2.0 wt. %), and dominated by liptinite macerals. The vitrinite reflectance (VRo) and equivalent vitrinite reflectance (VReq) values, calculated from bitumen reflectance (BRo) measurements, were found to be in close agreement. The calculated reflectance values from programmed pyrolysis temperature at which the maximum release of hydrocarbons occurs (Tmax) showed better agreement with measured VRo after Tmax was corrected for excessive hydrogen index values for several samples. Thermal maturation parameters were found to increase in a northwest–southeast direction, paralleling an increase in black shale thickness and depth of burial. The thermal maturity proxies indicate the northwestern part of the study area to be more thermally mature than previously indicated. Geochemical and biomarker data from Berea oils indicate migration of oil from more thermally mature to less thermally mature areas. As such, the occurrence of petroleum liquids in the Berea Sandstone cannot be predicted directly from conventional thermal maturity proxies (Tmax, VRo, and BRo) because these methods do not account for migrated petroleum.
Completing the Triangle of Reading Fluency Assessment: Accuracy, Speed, and Prosody

In response to a mismatch between the definition and assessment practices of reading fluency, this chapter aims to draw L2 educators’ and researchers’ attention to a comprehensive approach to reading fluency assessment derived from a complete conceptualization of the construct. The traditional view of reading fluency focuses on accurate decoding of a text at a sufficient rate. In line with this view, reading fluency is commonly assessed by having students read aloud a given text for one minute and recording their words correct per minute (WCPM), which measures accuracy and speed. However, reading fluency has evolved into a more multifaceted concept which now includes reading speed, accuracy, and prosody as its components. Despite the recognition of reading prosody as another critical aspect of reading fluency, prosody is often neglected in assessment, resulting in a discrepancy between the depiction of reading fluency and its assessment. This discrepancy in turn leads to a series of issues such as potentially reducing the construct of reading fluency and placing an overemphasis on reading accuracy and speed, hindering informed assessment and instruction. It also becomes particularly problematic in L2 contexts where students may decode without comprehending what is read. In support of incorporating prosody into reading fluency assessment, the chapter draws upon the ongoing discussions surrounding reading fluency to address the negative consequences of using WCPM alone as a reading fluency measure and presents existing rating scales for measuring prosody.
Nonlinear dispersive dynamics in dissipative laser frequency microcombs

The spontaneous breaking of symmetry and homogeneity through dissipative pattern formation is a long-standing fundamental examination in mathematics and nonlinear physics. Self-organized patterns arise in nature, and are postulated to occur from stochastically driven nonlinear processes. These threshold-dependent patterns can be remarkably robust in the presence of noise. In this talk we describe the dispersive dynamics in nonlinear resonator frequency microcombs and their statistical distributions. We describe the frame-by-frame fluctuations in the different microcomb states including fast breathers and their thresholds. These observed self-organized patterns support applications in communications and the understanding of nonlinear physics at the fundamental limits.
The Rhetorical Transformations and Policy Failures of Prescription Drug Pricing Reform under the Trump Administration.

Throughout his four years in office, President Trump made prescription drug pricing a focus of his policy agenda. President Trump not only used strong language to criticize the pharmaceutical industry and its practices, but his administration also introduced ambitious reform policies that had previously lacked acceptance among Republican policymakers. President Trump appears to have been successful in developing a new, populist form of rhetoric that Republicans can use in support of novel drug pricing reforms like the ones his administration considered. From a policy perspective, however, the Trump administration failed to implement any of their more ambitious reform ideas. This article considers three of the Trump Administration's signature policies-state-sponsored prescription drug importation, Medicare Part B international reference pricing, and reforms to the Medicare Part D rebate system-and explores how they represent both the political ambitions and policy failures of the Trump Administration. The fate of the Trump administration's prescription drug proposals also reveals lessons about innovation and access which will be important to ongoing drug pricing reform efforts.
Problems: Two-Port Networks

In this chapter, the basic and advanced problems concerned with the determination of different matrices of a two-port network, that is, impedance matrix, admittance matrix, hybrid matrix, and transmission matrix as well as the series and parallel connection of the two-port networks, are presented. In this chapter, the problems are categorized in different levels based on their difficulty levels (easy, normal, and hard) and calculation amounts (small, normal, and large). Additionally, the problems are ordered from the easiest problem with the smallest computations to the most difficult problems with the largest calculations.