cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Landau-Ginzburg Models from Conformal Field Theory

A method of constructing critical (fixed point) Landau-Ginzburg action from operator algebra is applied to several classes of conformal field theories, including lines of c = 1 models and the coset models based on SU(2) current algebra. For the c = 1 models, the Landau-Ginzberg potential is argued to be physically consistent, and it resembles a modality-one singularity with modal deformation representing exactly the marginal deformation. The potentials for the coset models manifestly possess correct discrete symmetries.
Molecular NO islands versus O and N islands on Rh(111) surface studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract NO adsorption on Rh(111) has been studied by STM. Molecular NO islands were observed, together with O and N islands in the coadsorption layers. NO molecules form (4 × 4) structure and segregate into islands when coadsorbed with 0.15–0.23 ML O at ∼100°C. N atoms form (1 × 2) structure when coadsorbed with 0.11–0.15 ML O at ∼100°C. The adsorption behavior of NO on O-precovered Rh(111) surface suggests that NO dissociation is favored at lower O coverages and suppressed at higher O coverages.
Effect of glucan on neutrophil dynamics and immune function in Escherichia coli peritonitis

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that glucan, a nonspecific immunomodulator, modifies the course of murine Escherichia coli peritonitis. The protective effect of glucan was mediated, in part, by macrophages. In the present study, leukocyte dynamics in the peritoneal cavity and peripheral blood of glucan-treated mice following E. coli challenge was examined. Additional studies examined in vitro bone marrow proliferation, as well as phagocytosis and intracellular killing of E. coli by neutrophils following glucan administration. ICR/HSD mice were injected ip with glucan (150 mg/kg) or dextrose (5% w/v) on Days 5 and 3 prior to ip challenge with 1 × 108E. coli. Glucan increased (P < 0.05) total peritoneal neutrophil numbers prior to and following septic challenge. Examination of peripheral blood revealed that ip glucan treatment in E. coli peritonitis significantly (P < 0.001) increased the number of circulating neutrophils. Additionally, neutrophils from glucan-treated mice showed increased phagocytosis of E. coli in vitro. Glucan therapy also increased bone marrow proliferation. We conclude that (1) glucan enhances peritoneal neutrophil levels, (2) peripheral blood neutrophils are increased following glucan and E. coli, (3) ip glucan increases bone marrow proliferation, and (4) neutrophils from glucan-treated mice showed enhanced phagocytosis of E. coli in vitro. Thus, the beneficial effect of glucan is mediated not only by activated macrophages, but also by the neutrophilic leukocyte.
Development and Evaluation of a Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler

Accurate measurement of personal exposure to particulate matter and its constituents requires samplers that are accurate, compact, lightweight, inexpensive, and convenient to use. The personal particulate organic and mass sampler (PPOMS) has been developed to meet these criteria. The PPOMS uses activated carbon-impregnated foam as a combined 2.5-microm size-selective inlet and denuder for assessment of fine particle mass and organic carbon. Proof of the PPOMS concept has been established by comparing mass and organic carbon in particles collected with collocated samplers in Seattle, at a central outdoor site, and in residences. Daily particulate mass concentrations averaged 10.0 +/- 5.2, 12.0 +/- 5.3, and 11.2 +/- 5.1 microg m(-3) for the Federal Reference Method, the Harvard Personal Exposure Monitor, and the PPOMS, respectively, for 10 24-h sampling periods. During a series of PM2.5 indoor organic carbon (OC) measurements from single quartz filters, the apparent indoor OC averaged 7.7 +/- 0.8 microg of C m(-3), which was close to the indoor PM2.5 mass from collocated Teflon filters (7.3 +/- 2.3 microg of C m(-3)), indicating the presence of a large positive OC artifact. In collocated measurements, the PPOMS eliminated this artifact just as well as the integrated gas and particle sampler that incorporated a macroreticular polystyrene-divinylbenzene (XAD-4) resin-coated denuder, yielding OC concentrations of 2.5 +/- 0.4 and 2.4 +/- 1.0 microg of C m(-3), respectively. Thermal analysis for OC indicated that the indoor positive artifact was due to adsorption of gas-phase semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC). This study shows that the PPOMS design provides a 2.5-microm size-selective inlet that also prevents the adsorption of gas-phase SVOC onto quartz filters, thus eliminating the filter positive artifact The PPOMS meets a significant current challenge for indoor and personal sampling of particulate organic carbon. The PPOMS design can also simplify accurate ambient sampling for PM2.5.
Isolation of a selected microbial consortium from a pesticide-contaminated mix-load site soil capable of degrading the herbicides atrazine and alachlor

Abstract Contaminated soil from a 100-year-old mix-load site located in Reading, PA was evaluated for its potential to provide indigenous microorganisms capable of degrading two widely utilized herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-S-triazine; AT) and alachlor (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-[methoxymethyl]-acetanilide; AL). Three different locations from the site were chosen for experimentation based on herbicide handling activities. Standard enrichment techniques were used to isolate a selective microbial consortium (SCM) with the desirable degrading capabilities. Three enrichment treatment schemes were evaluated; AT and AL, AL alone, and only AT. Degradative organisms were isolated from only one of the sample locations. Considerable differences in the soil parameters of the three sample locations were found that might have had an effect on the ability of the indigenous microbial populations within the soil to degrade AT and AL. In the initial cultures from this location, degradation occurred in the AT and AL treatment only. Because the AT and AL were the only sources of carbon and nitrogen (N) for the microbes, these results suggest that AL alone was not a sufficient N source. In general, the ability to degrade AL by the SMC was dependent on AT degradation. Alachlor degradation did not begin until approximately 15% of the AT was transformed. Once all of the AT was removed very little further AL degradation occurred. The average half-life (t1/2) of AT was 7.5 d, while average t1/2 for AL degradation was 11 d. Individual colonies from the SMC were identified by fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) analysis. Five strains were identified with similarity indexes above 70%. These isolates included the following: Alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. denitrificans, Alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas marginalis, and Providencia rustigianii.
Intestinal fistula complicating necrotizing pancreatitis

Eight of 17 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis (47 percent) developed 12 intestinal fistulas. Pancreatitis occurred most often secondary to alcohol abuse, and fistula complicated controlled open drainage of the lesser sac more often than sump or Penrose drainage of the lesser sac. Fistulas appeared more often in patients with two or more drainage operations than in those with a single drainage procedure. Most duodenal fistulas closed with nonoperative therapy, whereas jejunal and colonic fistulas required operative closure. Operative techniques included both simple suture closure and resection with anastomosis. Five patients (29 percent) died. Thus, although frequent debridement and controlled open drainage may reduce the mortality rate of necrotizing pancreatitis, it appears to increase the likelihood of intestinal fistulas, which may require operative treatment.
Multiple Myeloma: Novel Approaches for Relapsed Disease

Therapeutic options for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are rapidly changing. The emergence of 2 highly active novel agents, bortezomib and lenalidomide, have dramatically changed the landscape of treatment options and have improved outcomes for many of our patients. Combinations of conventional agents with novel agents have also demonstrated significant efficacy for patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma. Among the conventional agents that are being explored is the bifunctional alkylator agent bendamustine, which has demonstrated single-agent activity and activity with novel agents. This review summarizes emerging data on novel agents, alkylating agents, and their combinations in the setting of newly diagnosed and relapsed MM.
The power of powerless speech: The effects of speech style and task interdependence on status conferral.

Two studies examine the effects of speech styles and task interdependence on status conferral judgments. In both studies, participants were exposed to an individual who used either a powerful or powerless speech style in a low or high task interdependence group, and made judgments about the amount of status to confer to the individual. When task interdependence was low, participants conferred more status to powerful speakers, whereas when interdependence was high, participants conferred more status to powerless speakers. Furthermore, Study 2 demonstrated that speech styles influenced trait inferences about the speaker (agency and communality), but these traits were weighted differently in status conferral judgments across groups. These findings provide insight into both the relationship between observed behaviors and status positions and the decision process underlying status conferral judgments.
COMPARISON OF THE PPVT AND PPVT-R AS POSSIBLE INSTRUMENTS FOR SCREENING GIFTED CHILDREN

Summary.-The PPVT has been used as a screening instrument for evaluating potentially gifted students. It was recently replaced by the PPVT-R. The present study investigated the comparability of the two tests and of Forms L and M of the PPVT-R for 36 gifted students. All validity and reliability indices were statisrically significant and ranged from .57 to .75. When means of various forms were compared the F ratio was significant, but the Newman-Keuls post hoc procedure identified only one statistically significant contrast, namely, the mean PPVT IQ was significantly higher than the mean PPVT-R, Form L, standard score. The recent revision of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn & Dunn, 1981) has made substantial improvements on an older, popular screening instrument (Dunn, 1959, 1965). The revised test boasts a larger, more representative normative sample which includes 4,200 individuals between 2% and 18 yr., as well as an additional 828 adults aged 19 to 40 yr. Stratification for the PPVT-R normative sample was based on age, sex, race, geographic region, occupation, and community size. Also, the PPVT-R discontinued the use of the connotative IQ and mental age concepts and replaced these standard scores with the less connotative Standard Score Equivalent and Age Equivalent, respectively. The PPVT-R now has up-to-date line drawings which depict a wide variety of white, non-white, and female characters involved in various nonstereotypical activities. Current research has demonstrated consistently that the PPVT-R produces Standard Score Equivalents which are significantly lower than the old PPVT IQs for children in the average range of abilities including white and black normal preschoolers (Bracken & McCallum, 1981; Naglieri & Naglieri, 1981), preschool children "at risk,"2 white, black, and Hispanic educable mentally retarded school children (Bracken & Prasse, in press), and trainable mentally retarded individual^.^ The primary purpose of the present study was to determine whether similar results would be obtained for gifted school-age chillDeparrment of Special Education, Southern Station, Box 5115, Hattiesburg, MS 39406. 3. A. Bracken & D. P. Prasse, Gncurrent validity of the PPVT-R for "at risk" preschool children. (Manuscript submitted October. 1981 ) 'B. A. Bracken. R. S. McCallum. & M. Mimms. Comaarabilitv of the PPVT. PPVT-R. and stanford-~inet for Gainable* mentally retarded inciividuals: (~anuscri~t' submitted
A post-growth processing methodology to achieve barium strontium titanate thin films with low dielectric loss and high tunability for reconfigurable tunable devices

Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 (BST) thin films, grown via RF-sputtering and the metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) techniques, were post-growth annealed via conventional thermal annealing (CTA) and UV-photon irradiation annealing. With respect to the conventional thermal annealed films the UV-photon irradiation annealed films possessed improved structural properties and dielectric response. The optimization of the UV-photon irradiation annealing process parameters (using RF-sputtered BST films) was achieved via a detailed set of iso-thermal/chronal annealing experiments. The optimized UV-process parameters, applied to MOSD synthesized BST films revealed further enhanced dielectric response, i.e., 23% reduction in tan δ with sustained tunability of 42%. The improvements in the material properties of the UV-photon irradiation annealed BST thin films are attributed to stoichiometry and structural changes enabled through the UV-photon irradiation annealing process.
The organic composition of diesel particulate matter, diesel fuel and engine oil of a non-road diesel generator

Diesel-powered equipment is known to emit significant quantities of fine particulate matter to the atmosphere. Numerous organic compounds can be adsorbed onto the surfaces of these inhalable particles, among which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered potential occupational carcinogens. Guidelines have been established by various agencies regarding diesel emissions and various control technologies are under development. The purpose of this study is to identify, quantify and compare the organic compounds in diesel particulate matter (DPM) with the diesel fuel and engine oil used in a non-road diesel generator. Approximately 90 organic compounds were quantified (with molecular weight ranging from 120 to 350), which include alkanes, PAHs, alkylated PAHs, alkylbenzenes and alkanoic acids. The low sulfur diesel fuel contains 61% alkanes and 7.1% of PAHs. The identifiable portion of the engine oil contains mainly the alkanoic and benzoic acids. The composition of DPM suggests that they may be originated from unburned diesel fuel, engine oil evaporation and combustion generated products. Compared with diesel fuel, DPM contains fewer fractions of alkanes and more PAH compounds, with the shift toward higher molecular weight ones. The enrichment of compounds with higher molecular weight in DPM may be combustion related (pyrogenic).
Photoisomerization in an analogous set of ruthenium sulfoxide complexes

Abstract Complexes of the type [Ru(bpy) 2 (OSOBnR)](PF 6 ) where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine and OSOBnR is a 4-substituted benzylsulfinylbenzoate with R = NO 2 , F, Cl, H, CH 3 , CF 3 and OCH 3 , have been prepared and investigated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectroscopy. Despite the distance of the R group from ruthenium, the Ru 3+/2+ reduction potential and charge transfer absorption maximum vary predictably with the electron withdrawing nature of the group.
COMBINATORIAL WEIGHTS IN PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS: A STATISTICAL PARSIMONY PROCEDURE

Abstract— A data dependent weighting procedure is developed to allow the comparison of phylogenetic trees based on nucleic acid sequence data. The sampling error of this cladogram “cost” is then examined, permitting statistical evaluation of the cost differential.
EFFECT OF NEONATAL THYMECTOMY ON INDUCTION OF LEUKEMIA BY VIRUS IN RATS.

Summary1. Neonatal thymectomy reduced the induction rate of leukemia by virus from 74.3% to 13.2% in one experiment and from 93.0% to 19.0% in another. 2. This indicates that many non-thymic lymphomas occurring in rats thymectomized one month after virus-infection(1) originated in cells which have been transformed in the thymus and seeded in other lymphoid organs prior to thymectomy. 3. The data also suggest a) that non-thymic lymphomas may be induced by the virus and b) that stressful agents which cause corticoid discharge might lower not only the incidence of the thymic, but also the non-thymic lymphomas.
Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via down-regulation of protein kinase C-epsilon

Previous studies have shown that human prostate cancer cells constitutively generate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) metabolites from arachidonic acid, and inhibition of 5-LOX blocks production of 5-LOX metabolites and triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. This apoptosis is prevented by exogenous metabolites of 5-LOX, suggesting an essential role of 5-LOX metabolites in the survival of prostate cancer cells. However, downstream signaling mechanisms which mediate the survival-promoting effects of 5-LOX metabolites in prostate cancer cells are still unknown. Recently, we reported that MK591, a specific inhibitor of 5-LOX activity, induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells without inhibition of Akt, or ERK, two well-characterized regulators of pro-survival mechanisms, suggesting the existence of an Akt and ERK-independent survival mechanism in prostate cancer cells regulated by 5-LOX. Here, we report that 5-LOX inhibition-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells occurs via rapid inactivation of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCe), and that exogenous 5-LOX metabolites prevent both 5-LOX inhibition-induced down-regulation of PKCe and induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, pre-treatment of prostate cancer cells with diazoxide (a chemical activator of PKCe), or KAE1-1 (a cell-permeable, octa-peptide specific activator of PKCe) prevents 5-LOX inhibition-induced apoptosis, which indicates that inhibition of 5-LOX triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via down-regulation of PKCe. Altogether, these findings suggest that metabolism of arachidonic acid by 5-LOX activity promotes survival of prostate cancer cells via signaling through PKCe, a pro-survival serine/threonine kinase.
Growth of heavily-doped SiGe from metallic solutions

Abstract Liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and traveling solvent method (TSM) have been used to grow heavily doped Si-Ge. LPE has been found suitable for near-equilibrium single-crystalline layer growth of Si-rich alloys on Si substrates at temperatures substantially lower than for stoichiometric melts. Higher dopant(s) solid solubilities at these lower temperatures allowed the introduction into the growing layer of much more Ga and P simultaneously. Direct compositional measurements proved a great enhancement of P solubility in Si 80 Ge 20 when Ga is present. Necessary ternary and quaternary phase diagrams, previously calculated, were used extensively. Noticeable contribution of III–V interaction during crystallization of the alloys is discussed. Growth of bulk homogeneous SiGe solid solution ingots by TSM using solvents such as Sn or Ga were also investigated. The TSM recrystallization of Si 80 Ge 20 source was performed in an 800–900°C temperature range, in a sealed quartz ampoule moving at 0.4–0.6 mm / day. The growth resulted in dense polycrystalline ingots with cross-sections of the grains of about 5–7 mm. Electrical and thermal properties of the samples were measured from room temperature to 1000°C.
Professional Development Risks and Opportunities Embodied within Self-Study

This paper documents a self-study research group's development and its effects on 11 participants. Drawing on the scholarship of the self-study tradition within educational research, we see teacher knowledge as an important and largely untapped source for the improvement of teaching. Positioning participants to look at the sense and selves being made on a continual basis is the task embraced by this self-study group. The paper reveals professional development risks and opportunities confronted by educators through vulnerably, accountably, integrally, and mindfully negotiating teaching-learning lives. The findings suggest that our bodies are the reflexive ground of comprehension, confronting vulnerability, seeking accountability to self, negotiating theory as working notions, and experiencing the pull of teaching-learning possibilities. Thus the role of embodiment within teaching-learning practices is elucidated through educator professional development in action.
Elevated resting heart rate and reduced orthostatic tolerance in obese humans.

Background Obesity is linked with numerous physiological impairments; however, its impact on orthostatic tolerance (OT) remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that OT is reduced in obese individuals, and that reduced heart rate (HR) reserve and impaired cerebral autoregulation contribute to impaired OT.
Fluid evolution history of brittle-ductile shear zones on the hanging wall of Yellow Spring thrust, Valley and Ridge Province, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Abstract This work presents the results of structural and fluid inclusion analyses of brittle-ductile shear zones (bdsz) cutting Lower Paleozoic carbonates in the Appalachian fold and thrust belt. Strike parallel extension of the beds riding up the ramp of Yellow Spring thrust resulted in development of conjugate bdsz by progressively non-coaxial deformation. During the shearing, syntectonic extension veins were formed by successive episodes of mode-I cracking and sealing by the precipitation of quartz, saddle dolomite and calcite in paragenetic order. Geobarometry on co-existing methane-rich and water-rich fluid inclusions reveals the trapping of fluids at large range of fluid pressures. The values of maximum and minimum fluid pressures correspond to the events of crack propagation and complete sealing respectively. Contrary to ductile shear zones in high-grade metamorphic rocks, this study in unmetamorphosed rocks shows that bdsz evolve by influx of locally derived methane bearing brines of connate or evolved formation water origin at pressures of 80–40 MPa, temperatures of 155–165°C and a depth of 6 km. It is shown that the salinity and composition of the mineralizing fluids change from one crack-seal episode to another, in spite of a broad consistency in the pressure-temperature conditions.
A broadband high spectral brightness fiber-based two-photon source

After characterizing the Raman scattering in a fused silica polarization-maintaining microstructure optical fiber, we built a fiber-based two-photon light source of high spectral brightness, broad spectral range, and very low noise background at room temperature. The resulting bright low-noise two-photon light can be used for a number of quantum information applications.
Hadronic Decays of Charmed Mesons

Hadronic branching fractions for the charmed mesons ${D}^{0}$, ${D}^{+}$, and the expected ${F}^{+}$ are predicted on the basis of models embodying a minimum of dynamical assumptions. These models entail average decay multiplicities between 3 and somewhat over 4. Suggestions are made for observing the ${F}^{+}$, for which the wide variety of available final states makes detection in any one state challenging. The branching ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({F}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({F}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{hadrons})}$ is probably \ensuremath{\lesssim}3-6%; $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({F}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\overline{K}}^{0})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({F}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{hadrons})}\ensuremath{\lesssim}4\ensuremath{-}6%$; $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({F}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\eta})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({F}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{hadrons})}\ensuremath{\lesssim}3\ensuremath{-}4 %$.
An all‐atom structure‐based potential for proteins: Bridging minimal models with all‐atom empirical forcefields

Protein dynamics take place on many time and length scales. Coarse-grained structure-based (Go) models utilize the funneled energy landscape theory of protein folding to provide an understanding of both long time and long length scale dynamics. All-atom empirical forcefields with explicit solvent can elucidate our understanding of short time dynamics with high energetic and structural resolution. Thus, structure-based models with atomic details included can be used to bridge our understanding between these two approaches. We report on the robustness of folding mechanisms in one such all-atom model. Results for the B domain of Protein A, the SH3 domain of C-Src Kinase, and Chymotrypsin Inhibitor 2 are reported. The interplay between side chain packing and backbone folding is explored. We also compare this model to a C(alpha) structure-based model and an all-atom empirical forcefield. Key findings include: (1) backbone collapse is accompanied by partial side chain packing in a cooperative transition and residual side chain packing occurs gradually with decreasing temperature, (2) folding mechanisms are robust to variations of the energetic parameters, (3) protein folding free-energy barriers can be manipulated through parametric modifications, (4) the global folding mechanisms in a C(alpha) model and the all-atom model agree, although differences can be attributed to energetic heterogeneity in the all-atom model, and (5) proline residues have significant effects on folding mechanisms, independent of isomerization effects. Because this structure-based model has atomic resolution, this work lays the foundation for future studies to probe the contributions of specific energetic factors on protein folding and function.
Asteroid Hyalosis in an Autopsy Population: The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Experience

Objectives To study the prevalence and associations of asteroid hyalosis (AH) in a series of autopsy eyes. Methods Retrospective review of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) autopsy eye database from 1965 to 2000 yielded 10 801 patients. The patients’ medical histories were reviewed for evidence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol abuse, hypercalcemia, hypothyroidism, and chronic renal failure. Autopsy records were searched for evidence of optic atrophy, macular degeneration, posterior vitreous detachment, atherosclerosis, and chronic renal failure. Asteroid hyalosis was diagnosed by examination of the autopsy eyes. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze our data. Results The prevalence of AH was 1.96% in this autopsy population. By χ 2 analysis, AH was significantly correlated with age ( P P = .006), age-related macular degeneration ( P = .02), hypertension ( P = .03), atherosclerosis ( P P P = .002) and male sex ( P = .046). No statistically significant association was found with diabetes mellitus or alcohol abuse by univariate or multivariate analysis. Analysis of the odds ratio showed a strong age effect that increased from 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.2-11.3) in age group 41 to 50 years, compared with 25.4 (95% Wald confidence interval, 8.2-77.9) in the age group of patients older than 90 years. Conclusions A unique epidemiological autopsy cohort study of AH and its systemic associations yielded a higher prevalence of AH than previous studies. Asteroid hyalosis was strongly correlated with age and inversely correlated with posterior vitreous detachment. Unlike some previous reports, we found no statistically significant correlation between AH and diabetes mellitus.
Predicting and understanding mental practice

The usefulness of the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein, 1980) for explaining and predicting mental practice was examined. Players on a U.S. college football team were asked, before the beginning of the regular season, about their intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and beliefs about mental practice. As the regular season progressed, they indicated, for each game, whether they had engaged in mental practice. In general, the validity of applying the theory to the domain of mental practice was well supported. Intentions to perform mental practice predicted actual mental practice for the first game, attitudes predicted intentions, and beliefs about mental practice predicted attitudes.
MICROPHONES AND KNOCK SENSORS FOR FEEDBACK CONTROL OF HCCI ENGINES

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines lack direct in-cylinder mechanisms, such as spark plugs or direct fuel injection, for controlling the combustion timing. Many in- direct methods have been used to control the combustion timing in an HCCI engine. With any indirect method, it is important to have a measure of the combustion timing so the control inputs can be adjusted for the next cycle. In this paper, it is shown that microphones and knock sen- sors can be used to detect combustion in HCCI engines. The out- put from various microphones and a knock sensor on an HCCI engine are measured at light and high loads. The combustion timing data obtained from the sensors are compared to the com- bustion timing data obtained from a piezoelectric cylinder pres- sure transducer. One of these sensors is selected and used for closed-loop control of the combustion timing in a single cylinder HCCI engine.
The influence of comparative media use on acculturation, acculturative stress, and family relationships of Chinese international students

Abstract The purpose of the study was to explore the media use and relational communication practices Chinese international students use to maintain their family relationships, and the association of these practices to acculturation, stress, and family cohesion. The media use and communication practices of Chinese international students studying at a large US university were analyzed. Consistent with media niche theory, Chinese students preferred to use and did use the telephone more often than email to contact family members. In comparison to email, they used the telephone to communicate with family more often per week, covered a greater diversity of conversation topics, used a greater number of relational maintenance themes, and had a greater level of openness in their communicative exchanges. Gender, phone contacts per week and email topic diversity predicted students’ acculturative stress levels, while phone topic diversity and open phone communication predicted acculturation level. Open phone and email communication predicted family cohesion. Consistencies in particular topics and relational message themes were also discovered, with similar relational message themes occurring in email as well as in the telephone context. However, that a greater variety of topics and relational message themes were used in the telephone than in the email context supports the idea that phone conversations may more likely be used to convey emotional information than email.
MEMORY FOR POLITICAL ACTORS: Contrasting the Use of Semantic and Evaluative Organizational Strategies

This paper explores the organizational strategies used to represent information about political actors in memory, and it illustrates the usefulness of a specific measure, the adjusted ratio of clustering score (ARC), for inferring memory structure. Assuming the operation of an associative network model, we argue that information about a political actor can be organized along three distinct dimensions: attribute type (differentiating between issue positions and personal attributes), partisanship (differentiating between characteristics typical of Republicans and Democrats), and evaluative type (differentiating between positively and negatively evaluated attributes). The results of a laboratory study indicate that organization along the attribute type dimension was most common, with some evidence of partisan organization. There was no evidence of organization along the evaluative dimension. The implications of the study for understanding individual differences in political reasoning, and the consequences of memory organization strategies, are discussed.
Dynamics about Uniformly Rotating Triaxial Ellipsoids: Applications to Asteroids

Abstract The general problem of satellite and particle dynamics about a uniformly rotating triaxial ellipsoid with constant density is formulated. The study of this problem can shed light on the dynamics of particles and satellites when orbiting irregularly shaped bodies such as asteroids. The physical specification of an asteroid modeled as a triaxial ellipsoid can be reduced to two nondimensional shape parameters (the eccentricities of the triaxial ellipsoid) and one nondimensional parameter which is a function of the body density, shape, and rotation rate. All these parameters may be measured or inferred from groundbased observations. Using these three parameters, the rotating ellipsoid may be classified into Type I or Type II ellipsoids depending on whether or not all synchronous orbits about the body are unstable. This classification of the ellipsoid has significant consequences for the dynamics of bodies in orbits which are near-synchronous with the asteroid rotation. Asteroids classified as Type I have stable motion associated with near-synchronous orbits. Asteroids classified as Type II have unstable motion associated with near-synchronous orbits. Families of planar periodic orbits are computed for two specific ellipsoids based on the asteroids Vesta and Eros. The stability of these families are computed and related to the type classification of the ellipsoid. Notes are also made on the existence of stable and unstable periodic orbits about the asteroid Ida. Analytic approximations are also introduced under some assumptions, leading to a simplified description of orbits about a triaxial ellipsoid. Finally, a table of parameters and classifications for a few known asteroids and comets are given.
Showing a Retailer that Meat Sanitation Pays—An Economic Approach

EMONSTRATION, one of the oldest techniques of Extension education, is a most useful tool for implementing research findings into real world situations. Scientific research arouses interest and provides the basis for new developments. It also poses important considerations relating to the adoption of a new practice or procedure. Among these are the evaluation of income producing potentialities, the selection of optimum methods for implementing programs, and the creation of a favorable climate for employee acceptance of new ideas. Extension marketing specialists can be effective in bringing about change by helping management to better understand and apply the results of research. The technique used, however, needs to be more sophisticated than the mass media approach of the past. More attention needs to be devoted to providing relevant information to key decision makers that is tailored to the needs of the individual firm. In many instances the specialist will require technical aid from other disciplines in order to provide total assistance to his client.
Comparison of the thermal denaturing of human serum albumin in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids.

The interaction of proteins with aqueous solutions of ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted considerable recent attention owing to the challenges of finding biocompatible water-free ILs. These systems ...
Further studies on the secondary antibody-forming potential of juvenile, young adult, adult, and aged mice.

Abstract The secondary antibody-forming potential (SAFP) per spleen within any age group of mice, except for the very old, was greater among donors with persisting primary serum antibody titer than among those without, but this relationship was not quantitative, nor was it apparent between donors of different age groups. The estimated relative number of progenitor cells in the spleen was directly related to the SAFP of the spleen. Among very old mice the SAFP per mouse was as low as the primary antibody-forming potential (PAFP) per mouse, but the SAFP per spleen was greater than the PAFP per spleen. The PAFP of small spleens was greater than that of large spleens. Decrease in capacity of very old mice to synthesize mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody was more pronounced than decrease in capacity to synthesize mercaptoethanol-sensitive antibody. Studies on the effect of priming juvenile, young adult, and adult mice with an adequate dose of antigen revealed that the maximum level of SAFP is directly related to the level of PAFP at the time of priming. The appearance of a significant number of primed progenitor cells after primary antigen injection does not precede the appearance of functional antibody-forming cells. The significance of these results to our understanding of the cytokinetics of antibody response and aging of individuals is emphasized.
Breakdown of 3 He-A superflow in low magnetic fields

Using a sensitive differential pressure gauge, we have measured the limits to dissipationless superflow in bulk superfluid 3He-A far from stabilizing walls. We report the first quantitative measurements of the breakdown of bulk superflow in the A phase. In addition to confirming the existence of a finite critical current in bulk uniform textures, we have discovered an unexpected tortuous texture in which there is an even larger critical current. These results indicate that the current theoretical models for determining textures are incomplete.
Manganese Content and High-Affinity Transport in Liver and Hepatoma

Abstract Morris hepatomas 3924A and 9618A have much lower endogenous contents of Mn than normal rat liver. This work studied the uptake of Mn by slices of these three tissues over a range of concentrations from 0.05 to 100 μM. The influx was assessed with 54Mn while atomic absorption measurements determined the total content. At medium Mn from 0.05 to 5 μM, entry of 54Mn in 2 min was taken as the initial rate and within this period the apparent concentration of Mn in the cell water exceeded that in the medium. Liver showed three apparently saturable uptake systems, the medium concentrations of Mn for half-maximal uptake rate being 0.075, approximately 2, and 100 μM. Hepatoma 3924A appeared to have only two systems, the half-maximal concentration for the higher affinity mechanism being, at 0.34 μM, substantially greater than that for liver. At no concentration was the uptake rate of Mn by hepatoma 3924A less than that of liver although there was some indication that Mn uptake by 9618A was somewhat less than that by the other two tissues. It is concluded that liver and hepatoma 3924A have systems for Mn uptake with affinities that enable them to be active at the plasma concentration (∼0.1 μM) as well as uptake systems of less affinity. However, differences in these systems between liver and hepatomas do not account for the differences in endogenous Mn content.
Altered chemotactic peptide binding in tobacco smokers' neutrophils.

Abstract The functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from tobacco smokers are altered compared to those from nonsmokers. Since neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism are mediated by surface receptors, we studied the association of the chemotactic peptide formyl Met-Leu-Phe with neutrophils from smokers and nonsmokers. An apparently single class of binding sites was observed in neutrophils from all the non-smokers, whereas upwardly curving Scatchard plots were obtained for binding to smokers' cells. Thus changes at the receptor level may be responsible for the previously observed alterations in smoker neutrophil function.
Natural Attenuation of Trace Element Availability in Soils

As we advance further in the twenty-first century, understanding chemical, physical, and biological processes and mechanisms that affect trace element availability in soils will be important not only for environmental scientists and engineers but also for policy makers and regulatory agencies
Detection of an object inside a phantom tissue using a spatial filter

We report the detection of an object inside a phantom tissue using a spatial filter and a 5-mW He-Ne Laser. The phantom tissue is composed of 8% scattering polystyrene spheres and is diluted to different concentrations in water. The solution is placed inside of a cuvette of length 5 cm and width 5 cm. The spatial filter, composed of a 4-cm plano-convex lens and a 10-micrometers pinhole, is able to extract ballistic and quasi-ballistic photons from the transmitted light. A photomultiplier tube is used for detection, and a lock-in amplifier is used to reduce the amount of noise in the signal. We are able to detect the object in a phantom tissue of 20 mean free paths [mfp] with a contrast of 99.0%. The contrast in a tissue with 30 mfp is 22.7%.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluation of an Air Quality Model for the Size and Composition of Source-Oriented Particle Classes

Air quality model predictions of the size and composition of atmospheric particle classes are evaluated by comparison with aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) measurements of single-particle size and composition at Long Beach and Riverside, CA, during September 1996. The air quality model tracks the physical diameter, chemical composition, and atmospheric concentration of thousands of representative particles from different emissions classes as they are transported from sources to receptors while undergoing atmospheric chemical reactions. In the model, each representative particle interacts with a common gas phase but otherwise evolves separately from all other particles. The model calculations yield an aerosol population, in which particles of a given size may exhibit different chemical compositions. ATOFMS data are adjusted according to the known particle detection efficiencies of the ATOFMS instruments, and model predictions are modified to simulate the chemical sensitivities and composit...
Talking About Race: Shifting the Analytical Paradigm

This article examines patterns of common-sense knowledge about race to understand how race is made to appear both self-evident and inherently meaningful in daily interactions. It explores a new methodological imaginary by drawing strategically from ethnomethodology and poststructural discourse analysis to examine the histories and the visions of power that rest beneath the surface of common-sense knowledge about race. Because common-sense knowledge links the production of meaning in local contexts to the broader production of cultural knowledge, it provides a key focal point for examining the dialogical relationship between the apparent agency of local practices and the efficacy of cultural discourse. The article concludes with implications for social research and social justice.
The influence of sexual partner on condom use among urban adolescents

Abstract Purpose The influence of partner context (e.g., drinking alcohol in the 2 hours prior to sex, ≥3 years age discordant, met in public) on adolescent boys' and girls' condom use is unclear. Among an urban cohort of primarily (86%) minority 17–18-year-olds who reported having sex (n = 1,469), we assessed the association between condom use and partner characteristics for the most recent sexual experience. Methods We used logistic regression to examine the odds of condom use by measured partner familiarity (casual or unexpected) and context characteristics. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results Adolescent boys and girls were twice as likely to use condoms with partners they considered casual or unexpected. Adjusting for partner familiarity risk, adolescent boys' tended to decrease condom use with risky context partners. Adjusting for partner familiarity risk, adolescent girls were half as likely to use condoms with partners drinking alcohol 2 hours prior to sex [Odds Ratio (OR) = .6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = .4–.9]; ≥3 years age discordant (OR = .5, 95% CI = .3–.8); or met in public places (OR = .6, 95% CI = .4–.8). Conclusions Regardless of partner familiarity risk, adolescent boys and girls faced barriers to condom use with risky context partners. Increased understanding of adolescents' perceptions of and control over partner risk and condom use with risky context partners is needed. Interventions aimed at decreasing adolescent sexually transmitted infections should include strategies for adolescents to choose less risky context partners and negotiate condoms with risky context partners.
THE PERMEABILITY OF THIN DRY COLLODION MEMBRANES

Dry thin collodion membranes have been prepared which are permeable to water, ammonia, weak acids of low molecular weight, HCl gas, O2, CO2, and H2S, but are impermeable to strong electrolytes and substances of high molecular weight. The permeability to gases does not depend on the density, so that the gases do not pass through pores in the membrane.
Disabling the platelet’s brakes to promote thrombosis

In this issue of Blood , [Magwenzi et al][1] from the University of Hull report a novel mechanistic connection between oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced prothrombotic platelet signaling and the inhibition of endogenous platelet anti-activating signaling mediated by the nitric oxide (
Microquakes and Macroquakes in Neutron Stars

Many of the properties of pulsars, particularly those of the Crab Nebula and Vela pulsars, can be explained in terms of microquakes and macroquakes.
Impact of overlapping recruitment on linkage analysis of complex disorders: simulation studies.

Evidence for significant linkage in complexly inherited disorders usually necessitates independent, replicative studies. This study investigates the implications of including in the replicative studies families already used to suggest linkage in initial linkage analysis. We generated 1,000 unlinked replicates of 100 nuclear families with a complexly inherited disease but with no linkage to the markers analyzed. We then used a standard nonparametric linkage method to analyze these data. From the original 1,000 replicates of the original data set, one set was chosen as it yielded suggestive, but falsely positive, linkage results (LOD score = 3.4). Variable numbers of randomly selected families from this positive replicate (n = 100 families) were used to replace families in replicates of the original (unlinked) data set, and linkage analysis repeated. Overlap of families from the "positive data set" did increase the LOD scores for "unlinked data sets." While a small amount of overlap (replacement) between a positive linkage result and the replication sample is unlikely in practice to alter results, our study suggests that steps should be taken to ensure that overlap is minimized. The implications of this overlapping recruitment on replicative linkage studies are discussed.
Microcircuitry and functional architecture of the cat retina

Abstract Neurons in cat retina belong to specific types. Each type is characterized by a specific correspondence between morphology and physiology and forms a regular array that connects lawfully to the arrays of certain other types. Two circuits have been traced quantitatively through these arrays from photoreceptors to alpha- and beta-ganglion cells. The ‘cone-bipolar circuit' appears to convey the centre-surround receptive field to ganglion cells, using cones in daylight and rods (via gap junctions to cones) in twilight. A ‘rod-bipolar circuit' appears to convey the quantal signal and the pure center receptive field to the ganglion cells in starlight.
Investigation of CoNiCr thin films deposited on

This paper reports on Co{sub 62.5} Ni{sub 30}Cr{sub 7.5} thin films that were sputtered onto (100) and (110) Cr single crystals as well as polycrystalline Cr TEM folls. VSM measurements have revealed the existence of an anisotropy in the in-plane coercivity. This stems from the development of a crystallographic texture in the plane of the film. TEM investigations have found the presence of crystallographic variants in the direction of the hcp c-axis in the CoNiCr films deposited on (100) and (110) Cr surfaces. Lorentz microscopy studies have found relatively straight domain walls which lie parallel to the specific crystallographic directions. The direction of magnetization within each domain is along the c-axis.