cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sometimes Higher Heart Rate Variability Is Not Better Heart Rate Variability: Results of Graphical and Nonlinear Analyses

Higher HRV Not Always Better HRV. Objective: To determine the prevalence and effect on tradi- tional heart rate variability (HRV) indices of abnormal HRV patterns in the elderly. Methods: Hourly Poincare plots and plots of spectral HRV from normal-to-normal interbeat intervals and hourly nonlinear HRV values were examined in a subset of 290 consecutive participants in the Cardio- vascular Health Study. Only subjects in normal sinus rhythm with ≥18 hours of usable data were included. Eligible subjects were 71 ± 5y ears. During 7 years of follow-up, 21.7% had died. Hours were scored as normal (0), borderline (0.5), or abnormal (1) from a combination of plot appearance and HRV. Summed scores were normalized to 100% to create an abnormality score (ABN). Short-term HRV versus each 5th percentile of ABN was plotted and a cutpoint for markedly increased HRV identified. The t-tests compared HRV for subjects above and below this cutpoint. Cox regression evaluated the association of ABN and mortality. Results: Of 5,815 eligible hourly plots, 64.4% were normal, 14.5% borderline, and 21.1% abnormal. HR, SDNN, SDNNIDX, ln VLF and LF power, and power law slope did not differ by the cutpoint for increased short-term HRV, while SDANN and ln ULF power were significantly lower for those above the cutpoint. However, many HRV indices including LF/HF ratio and normalized LF and HF power were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001). Increased ABN was significantly associated with mortality (P = 0.019). Despite similar values for many HRV indices, being in the group above the cutpoint was significantly associated with mortality (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Abnormal HR patterns that elevate many HRV indices are prevalent among the elderly and associated with higher risk of mortality. Consideration of abnormal HRV may improve HRV-based risk
Sibling Delinquency and the Family Environment: Shared and Unshared Influences

Few family studies of delinquency have focused on siblings. We use a sibling research design to evaluate shared (i.e., family) and unshared environmental influences on delinquency. The 15-22-year-old adolescent siblings were nationally representative, and uniquely, in families of 2 to 4 siblings. No unshared family environmental influences were found for sisters and for mixed-sex siblings, but they may exist for brothers. The data suggested substantial shared environmental and/or shared genetic influences for siblings: the median sibling correlations, averaged over family sizes, were: brothers, r = .30; sisters, r = .28, and mixed sex, r = .21.
Expression of the intestinal transcription factor CDX2 in carcinoid tumors is a marker of midgut origin.

Abstract Context.—Carcinoid tumors are classified according to their site of origin into foregut, midgut, or hindgut carcinoids, which have different presentations and prognosis. The intestinal transcription factor CDX2 has been found to be expressed in most intestinal adenocarcinomas but in less than one half of the gastrointestinal carcinoids according to 1 study. Objective.—To determine whether CDX2 expression in carcinoid tumors varies by the site of origin and whether CDX2 expression is retained in metastatic disease. Design.—Sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue from 36 primary carcinoid tumors and 5 cases of metastatic carcinoid to the liver were immunohistochemically stained for CDX2. The percent of cells with nuclear immunoreactivity and the intensity of staining were assessed. Results.—All 18 foregut carcinoids (10 pulmonary and 8 gastric) were negative (0%) for CDX2. All 11 midgut carcinoids (100%) were positive for CDX2 with moderate to strong staining in more than 50% of the...
Differences in Supervisory Needs and Expectations by Trainee Experience, Cognitive Style, and Program Membership

In this study the authors examined relationships between trainees' cognitive style, program membership, amount of practicum experience, and needs and expectations for supervision. Participants were 57 trainees in three graduate programs at a midwestern university. All respondents completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; Myers & McCaulley, 1985), the trainee version of the Supervisor Perception Form (SPF-T; Heppner & Roehlke, 1984), and the Supervisory Needs subtest of the Counselor Development Questionnaire (CDQ-SN; Reising & Daniels, 1983). Results suggested that trainees' expectations and needs regarding the supervisory experience differed by amount of practicum experience, cognitive style, and program membership. Differences due to amount of experience were more prevalent than were those due to cognitive style or to program membership.
Bismuth–lithium bonding in the ion pairs: LiBiL2, where L = a porphyrin or a salen ligand

From the reaction between BiCl3 (1 equiv.) and LiN(SiMe3)2 (4 equiv.) and LH2 (2 equiv.), where L = a tetraphenylporphyrin, TPP, an octaethylporphyrin, OEP and phsalen in THF the title compounds have been obtained LiBiTPP2, LiBiOEP2, and LiBi(phsalen)2 and LiBi(phsalen)2·THF. Crystals grown from CH2Cl2-hexanes are colored; (green), (red-purple) and and (red-orange). The molecular structures of compound , and were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and are shown to have short LiBi bonds of distance 2.8 A involving the LiL(-)BiL(+). Compound shows a slipped structure involving Li to two oxygens and a LiBi distance of 3.1 A. Compounds and undergo a rapid reversible exchange in toluene-d8 at 90 °C. The MALDI-MS yields weak molecular ions due to LiBiL2(+/-) with more intense ions due to BiL(+) and LiL(-) in the positive and negative modes. The short Li(+) to Bi(3+) distances are comparable to those seen in LiBi compounds, such a LiBiR2, and are comparable to those seen by Pyykko (P. Pyykko, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2015, 119, 2326; P. Pyykko and M. Atsumi, Chem. - Eur. J., 2009, 15, 186; P. Pyykko and M. Atsumi, Chem. - Eur. J., 2009, 15, 12770) for Li-Bi bonds. These can be seen to be involving Bi6s6p hybrid lone-pairs to Li(+) atoms. The lithium bis(bistrimethylsilyl)amide (2 equiv.) and phsalenH2 in THF gave a compound having Li2L·2THF, . Crystallographically compound contains two Li(+) atoms, one coordinated to five atoms LiO2N2·THF. and the other being coordinated to three atoms, LiO2·THF. By (7)Li and (1)H NMR both lithium atoms share an equivalent environment.
Interactive and fuzzy search

Motivation: The MEDLINE database, consisting of over 19 million publication records, is the primary source of information for biomedicine and health questions. Although the database itself has been growing rapidly, the search paradigm of MEDLINE has remained largely unchanged. Results: Here, we propose a new system for exploring the entire MEDLINE collection, represented by two unique features: (i) interactive: providing instant feedback to users' query letter by letter, and (ii) fuzzy: allowing approximate search. We develop novel index structures and search algorithms to make such a search model possible. We also develop incremental-update techniques to keep the data up to date. Availability: Interactive and fuzzy searching algorithms for exploring MEDLINE are implemented in a system called iPubMed, freely accessible over the web at http://ipubmed.ics.uci.edu/ and http://tastier.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/ipubmed/ Contact:chenli@ics.uci.edu; xhx@ics.uci.edu
Planning Human Capital Structure: A Study of Economic, Demographic and Educational Determinants: Erratum

There exists a need in less---as well as more---advanced economies for human resource development as an integral part of a planning program and a means of avoiding structural or sectoral unemployment. As a first approximation in planning a human capital structure for a given country, a set of ratios such as students per teacher, inhabitants per physician, nurse or lawyer, etc., may be considered a long-run plan objective. In this paper, economic as well as demographic and educational factors and parameters are used to construct a production function for human capital structure which is called the technical model. The technical model is subsequently used as a constraint in the determination and analysis of the least-cost condition of achieving alternative plans. One of the theoretical results here is that such ratios become larger as the average percentage of student “dropouts” per year increase. The model shows that the marginal cost of improving the quality of human capital by a requirement for a longer training period or by the establishment of stiffer educational standards is an increasing function of such educational variables. Finally, the model gives an explicit algebraic expression for the qualitative-quantitative transformation-professional expertise vs. the number of personnel produced-existing in the production of human capital for equal or comparable costs. The model can be used for regional as well as global planning and in a mixed capitalist as well as a socialist economy.
Teaching via asynchronous learning networks

Asynchronous learning networks (ALN) provide a means to break the traditional time and place constraints in delivery of education. This application of information technology to education creates exciting possibilities for extending educational opportunities. Drexel University is using an ALN to deliver a graduate degree in information systems with a software engineering concentration. Students in this program never attend a face-to-face class but nonetheless do their work in an environment that emphasizes collaborative learning. This paper provides an overview of the Drexel project, describes the learning environment, and discusses methods and issues for teaching courses in an ALN environment.
Do anxiety symptoms predict major depressive disorder in midlife women? The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS).

Background In women, anxiety symptoms are common and increase during midlife, but little is known about whether these symptoms predict onsets of major depressive disorder (MDD) episodes. We examined whether anxiety symptoms are associated with subsequent episodes of MDD in midlife African-American and Caucasian women, and whether they confer a different risk for first versus recurrent MDD episodes. Method A longitudinal analysis was conducted using 12 years of data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS). The baseline sample comprised 425 Caucasian (n = 278) and African American (n = 147) community-dwelling women, aged 46.1 ± 2.5 years. Anxiety symptoms measured annually using a self-report questionnaire were examined in relation to MDD episodes in the subsequent year, assessed with the SCID. Multivariable models were estimated with random effects logistic regression. Results Higher anxiety symptoms scores were associated with a significantly higher adjusted odds of developing an episode of MDD at the subsequent annual visit [odds ratio (OR) 1.47, p = 0.01], specifically for a recurrent episode (OR 1.49, p = 0.03) but non-significant for a first episode (OR 1.32, p = 0.27). There were no significant racial effects in the association between anxiety symptoms and subsequent MDD episodes. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms often precede MDD and may increase the vulnerability of midlife women to depressive episodes, particularly recurrences. Women with anxiety symptoms should be monitored clinically during the ensuing year for the development of an MDD episode.
The epigenetic environment: secondary sex ratio depends on differential survival in embryogenesis

Live human births are usually more than half male, in spite of excess losses of males throughout fetal development. These observations together demand an excess of males near the beginning of pregnancy greater than that seen at birth. Reductions of the usual excess of males among human live births have widely been considered to represent consequences of untoward circumstances surrounding conception. Repeated competent research efforts have found no evidence for any bias in gametogenesis or fertilization in favour of Y-bearing sperm. Male embryogenesis is faster and more efficient, leaving females in excess among failures before the fetal period. Sex differences in speed and efficiency of embryogenesis, dependent for example on epigenetic differences such as genomic imprinting, produce an excess of males at the transition from embryogenesis to clinical pregnancy, that will survive the male excess of losses throughout the fetal period, to yield an excess of males among live births. Changes in, or mediated by, the epigenetic environment of embryogenesis provide the most plausible prospects for causes of changes in secondary sex ratio.
Denominational Differences in Support for Race‐Based Policies Among White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans

This study builds upon past studies of denominational culture and racial attitudes by positioning evangelicals as the basis of comparison when assessing denominational differences in American racial attitudes. The study also attempts to extend the theoretical contribution of religious culture and racial attitudes by assessing support for race-based policies among black, white, Hispanic, and Asian-American evangelical and nonevangelical Protestants. In short, arguments about a distinctive individualistic religious culture among evangelicals may be useful in explaining why white evangelicals maintain lower levels of support for policies aimed at reducing racial inequality than do mainline and secular whites. However, it is of less relevance in explaining the race-based policy attitudes of white evangelicals relative to white Catholics and among nonwhites as a whole.
Characterizing biobank organizations in the U.S.: results from a national survey

Effective translational biomedical research hinges on the operation of 'biobanks,' repositories that assemble, store, and manage collections of human specimens and related data. Some are established intentionally to address particular research needs; many, however, have arisen opportunistically, in a variety of settings and with a variety of expectations regarding their functions and longevity. Despite their rising prominence, little is known about how biobanks are organized and function beyond simple classification systems (government, academia, industry). In 2012, we conducted the first national survey of biobanks in the U.S., collecting information on their origins, specimen collections, organizational structures, and market contexts and sustainability. From a list of 636 biobanks assembled through a multi-faceted search strategy, representatives from 456 U.S. biobanks were successfully recruited for a 30-minute online survey (72% response rate). Both closed and open-ended responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. While nearly two-thirds of biobanks were established within the last decade, 17% have been in existence for over 20 years. Fifty-three percent listed research on a particular disease as the most important reason for establishment; 29% listed research generally. Other reasons included response to a grant or gift, and intent to centralize, integrate, or harmonize existing research structures. Biobank collections are extraordinarily diverse in number and types of specimens and in sources (often multiple) from which they are obtained, including from individuals, clinics or hospitals, public health programs, and research studies. Forty-four percent of biobanks store pediatric specimens, and 36% include postmortem specimens. Most biobanks are affiliated in one or multiple ways with other entities: 88% are part of at least one or more larger organizations (67% of these are academic, 23% hospitals, 13% research institutes). The majority of biobanks seem to fill a particular 'niche' within a larger organization or research area; a minority are concerned about competition for services, although many are worried about underutilization of specimens and long-term funding. Effective utilization of biobank collections and effective policies to govern their use will require understanding of the immense diversity found in organizational features, including the very different history and primary goals that many biobanks have.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Sleep

This article discusses the causes, symptoms, effects, evaluation, and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It critically reviews the literature concerning its relationship to hypoxia, pulmonary circulation, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary hypertension, and overlap syndrome. It points out the need for evaluation of patients with persistent hypoxia or post-treatment symptoms for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Also, it notes that patients with underlying lung disease may not benefit from the standard treatment. It concludes that future studies need to define these conditions and to evaluate patients systematically and using standardized criteria.
Bringing Human Rights Education to US Classrooms: Exemplary Models from Elementary Grades to University by Susan Roberta Katz and Andrea McEvoy Spero (Eds.)

A Review of Bringing Human Rights Education to US Classrooms: Exemplary Models from Elementary Grades to University.
Rays of Sunshine

It’s winter, and you are a student at a Midwestern law school located in the most overcast capital city in the country. The U.S. News rankings are about to come out, likely showing your school stuck in the bottom tier. A second law school has just opened up in town, increasing competition for part-time employment and future jobs. The first-time pass rate on the state’s most recent bar exam hit a low of 55%. And final exams are just around the corner. What to do? For 360 members of the Student Bar Association in 1995, the answer was to get dressed up and eat, drink and dance the night away at the annual Barristers Ball. These remarks by the recipient of the Barristers Award sought to dispel the gloom with rays of sunshine. (Today, winters are still gloomy - for many of the same reasons - at the Lansing, Mich. campus of Thomas M. Cooley Law School. But in the intervening 20 years the law school has grown to become the nation’s largest, and thousands of its students have persevered and realized their goal of becoming lawyers.)
A corpus-aided approach for the teaching and learning of rhetoric in an undergraduate composition course for L2 writers

Abstract This paper illustrates a corpus-aided approach for the teaching and learning of rhetoric in an undergraduate writing course for second language writers. The twenty-one international students in the course read and analyzed texts produced by a local environmental group and an international mining company regarding a proposed copper mine in the U.S. southwest. The textual analysis was enhanced and supplemented by a series of activities using corpus data derived from collections of texts from the opposing groups. The contrastive analyses made possible through the study of texts and corpus data from the sharply distinct groups enabled students to notice, analyze, interpret, and discuss the meaningful and purposeful linguistic and rhetorical variation present in the texts, the corpus data, and the debate. This implementation of localized, specialized corpora comprised of texts with immediate relevance to the students' campus and community provides a means to incorporate corpus study in the writing classroom from a rhetorical perspective. This article details the principles guiding the design of the approach, explains the corpus-aided activities, reports students' attitudes to the use of corpus data in their academic writing classroom, and offers suggestions for implementing similar activities in L2 writing classrooms.
Neurocognitive Modeling of Perceptual Decision Making

Mathematical psychology and systems neuroscience have converged on stochastic accumulator models to explain decision making. We examined saccade decisions in monkeys while neurophysiological recordings were made within their frontal eye field. Accumulator models were tested on how well they fit response probabilities and distributions of response times to make saccades. We connected these models with neurophysiology. To test the hypothesis that visually responsive neurons represented perceptual evidence driving accumulation, we replaced perceptual processing time and drift rate parameters with recorded neurophysiology from those neurons. To test the hypothesis that movement related neurons instantiated the accumulator, we compared measures of neural dynamics with predicted measures of accumulator dynamics. Thus, neurophysiology both provides a constraint on model assumptions and data for model selection. We highlight a gated accumulator model that accounts for saccade behavior during visual search, predicts neurophysiology during search, and provides insights into the locus of cognitive control over decisions.
The mechano-gated channel inhibitor GsMTx4 reduces the exercise pressor reflex in rats with ligated femoral arteries

Mechanical and metabolic stimuli arising from contracting muscles evoke the exercise pressor reflex. This reflex is greater in a rat model of simulated peripheral arterial disease in which a femoral artery is chronically ligated than it is in rats with freely perfused femoral arteries. The role played by the mechanically sensitive component of the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in ligated rats is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the mechano-gated channel inhibitor GsMTx4, a relatively selective inhibitor of mechano-gated Piezo channels, reduces the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats with ligated femoral arteries. Injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the arterial supply of the hindlimb reduced the pressor response to Achilles tendon stretch (a purely mechanical stimulus) but had no effect on the pressor responses to intra-arterial injection of α,β-methylene ATP or lactic acid (purely metabolic stimuli). Moreover, injection of 10 μg of GsMTx4 into the arterial supply of the hindlimb reduced both the integrated pressor area (control 535 ± 21, GsMTx4 218 ± 24 mmHg·s; P < 0.01), peak pressor (control 29 ± 2, GsMTx4 14 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.01), and renal sympathetic nerve responses to electrically induced intermittent hindlimb muscle contraction (a mixed mechanical and metabolic stimulus). The reduction of the integrated pressor area during contraction caused by GsMTx4 was greater in rats with ligated femoral arteries than it was in rats with freely perfused femoral arteries. We conclude that the mechanically sensitive component of the reflex contributes to the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex during intermittent hindlimb muscle contractions in rats with ligated femoral arteries.
Angular momentum flux of nonparaxial acoustic vortex beams and torques on axisymmetric objects.

An acoustic vortex in an inviscid fluid and its radiation torque on an axisymmetric absorbing object are analyzed beyond the paraxial approximation to clarify an analogy with an optical vortex. The angular momentum flux density tensor from the conservation of angular momentum is used as an efficient description of the transport of angular momentum. Analysis of a monochromatic nonparaxial acoustic vortex beam indicates that the local ratio of the axial (or radial) flux density of axial angular momentum to the axial (or radial) flux density of energy is exactly equal to the ratio of the beam's topological charge $l$ to the acoustic frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$. The axial radiation torque exerted by the beam on an axisymmetric object centered on the beam's axis due to the transfer of angular momentum is proportional to the power absorbed by the object with a factor $l/\ensuremath{\omega}$, which can be understood as a result of phonon absorption from the beam. Depending on the vortex's helicity, the torque is parallel or antiparallel to the beam's axis.
Detections of Urine Iodine and Goiter Among Students Aged 8-10 Years in Guangan,2009

Objective To understood the iodine level of the students aged 8-10 years in Guang'an,evaluate the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorder(IDD) and guide correct supplementation of iodine for people.Methods Random sampling was conducted by probabilistic method.Urine iodine was detected according to WS/T107-2006;goiter was diagnosed by palpation according to WS276-2007 and the iodine in salt was detected by direct titrimetric method according to GB/T13025.7-1999.Results The urine iodine level median was 270.35μg/L among the students,the students with urine iodine level50μg/L accounted for 1.2%.The adjusted goiter rate was 1.41%.The coverage of iodized salt among the population was 100%,and the coverage of qualified iodized salt was 98.89%.Conclusion The urine iodine level increased among the students in Guang'an.Iodine deficiency disorder was under effective control.Three indicators for IDD prevention and control met the requirement for the sub-objective of IDD eradication.
Peptic ulcer treated by TCM

Chinese medicine considers,peptic ulcers are common caused by the stimulation of emotions,exogenous pathogenesis,and improper diet as well as over tiredness.These pathogenesis could lead to deficiency of spleen,liverstomach disharmony,thus elevating gastrointestinal disorders,injuries,if last for long the patients will get sick.Syndrome differentiation treatment of TCM is the combination of visceral differentiation and eight-principle differentiation.The syndrome are often characterized by liver-stomach disharmony(stagnated heat),qi(yang) deficiency of spleen and stomach,damp-heat of spleen and stomach,yin deficiency of stomach,blood stasis of stomach and so on.Peptic ulcers are mainly treated on the basis of syndrome differentiation and combination by the effective therapies,such as simple formula,monotherapy,dialectical points of acupuncture and moxibustion as well as external application of acupoint methods.
Wearable Devices and Biosensing: Future Frontiers

Since the 1950s, toxicologists have utilized novel technologies to advance our understanding of poisonings while improving our availability to physicians and patients [1]. From rolodexes and telephones to head mounted computers, advanced biosensing, and ingestible sensors, toxicologists have always been pioneers leveraging advanced technologies to solve problems [1, 2]. As smartphones, fitness monitors, and connected devices become ubiquitous, toxicologists are naturally equipped with advanced tools that augment our bedside exam of poisoned patients. A new generation of toxicologists continually pushes the boundaries of technology in an effort to facilitate improved patient care and access to our expertise [1–5]. Head-mounted wearable computers can provide a toxicologist with a firstperson view of a poisoned patient, while a wrist-mounted sensor can stream key biometric data (e.g., heart rate, respiratory rate, skin temperature, and electrodermal activity). Ingestible biosensors can provide historical records of medication ingestion, and linked webcams can stream toxicology lectures to centers seeking expertise on the poisoned patient [2–4, 6]. In an era of integrated care and bundled payments, toxicologists and fellows in training have a unique opportunity to develop novel technology-based methods that respond to a need in our specialty. Creating novel applications using everyday technology requires a contemporary approach—integration of patients, physicians, engineers, and software developers into a multidisciplinary research team.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Investigating Air-Pumping Mechanisms in Air-Borne Tire Noise

ABSTRACT: The reduction in power train noise over the past decade has led to an increased focus in reducing tire/road noise, largely due to the environmental concerns related to road traffic noise in industrial countries. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations conducted using ANSYS FLUENT are presented here with the objective of understanding air-pumping noise-generation mechanisms due to tire/road interaction. The CFD model employs a large eddy simulation turbulence modeling approach, in which the filtered compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved to obtain temporally and spatially accurate near-field pressure fluctuations for a two-dimensional (2D) tire geometry with (1) one groove and (2) two grooves. In addition, the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic model is used to predict far-field acoustics. The deformation of the grooves, as the tire rotates, is represented by prescribed sidewall movements. Consequently, the solution to the numerical problem is obtained through a single pr...
Nonspecific Brain Anomalies in Autism

Measurements of the cerebellar vermis in 125 normal individuals and 102 patients with a variety of neurogenetic abnormalities were compared, using quantitative MRI analysis in a study at the Universities of Nebraska, Omaha; Oklahoma, Norman; West Virginia, Morgantown; and Texas, San Antonio.
Iterative Decoding, Offset and Channel Estimation for OFDM using the Unscented Kalman Filter

An iterative decoding and estimation algorithm for OFDM is presented for time-varying fading channels with unknown carrier frequency offset (CFO). The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is applied to obtain accurate joint estimates of CFO and multipath channel coefficients. A new unscented Inverse covariance filter is also developed, which reduces the computational complexity of the filter by appropriate approximations to the covariance matrices. The UKF and LDPC code decoder are then combined in an iterative structure. Simulation results are provided for high speed mobile environments under the IEEE 802.16 OFDM standard.
Pressing Buttons: On Robert Creeley's SOME AFTERNOON

Robert Creeley's poem “Some Afternoon” (1964) presents its readers with two scenarios so intertwined as to be irresolvable, which is to say that for every piece of evidence one mounts in favor of t...
THE BEHAVIOURAL IMPACT OF BUDGETS: EARLY ACCOUNTING CONTRIBUTIONS

Accounting writers have invariably referred to the accounting literature of the 1960s and 1970s as the earliest source of discussion about the impact of budgets upon manager behaviour. This short paper identifies a number of accounting writers of earlier decades, whose contribution to this subject has to date been overlooked.
Gandhi's Body: Asceticism, Pain and Suffering in Environmental Political Discourse

In contrast to most Enlightenment thinkers who sought to sanitize the realm of politics by ensuring that only the “highest” human faculties of reason and discourse enter into it, Gandhi suggests that politics is unavoidably the realm of the corporeal, the visceral, and the passionate. He seeks to show us how the highest and most moral kind of political engagement - namely, nonviolent action - accounts for these visceral urges and calls for the wholehearted participation of the human body and its passions in political life, while requiring a certain kind of corporeal pain and suffering. Gandhi’s thought allows us to recast entirely the frames within which we inquire into the relationship between corporeality and political engagement. This reframing draws to a certain extent upon categories gleaned from Gandhi’s placement within the Indian tradition: namely those of asceticism and warriorhood (or brahminical vs. kshatriyatic) The one is cerebral, contemplative, non-visceral, withdrawn from world, repressing sensual pleasures, passive. The other is engaged, worldly, life-loving, passionate, active, indulging the senses, fiery. We have often heard that Gandhi’s nonviolence is ascetic - that is, passive, unconditionally accepting of the violence of the Other, disavowing violence, self-denying, aiming toward celibacy rather than gratification of sensual pleasures. But the warriorlike elements of his political theory are routinely under-emphasized: aggressively seeking to confront one’s desires and publicize them, using one’s body as a weapon of nonviolence, the constant invitation to physical pain and suffering, commitment to physical action and corporeal pain rather than cerebral contemplation as the main vehicles of political change. In this essay, I seek to focus on the ways in which Gandhi’s warrior-like model of political action and discourse relies on corporeal pain and aggressive confrontation of corporeal desires as a necessary moment in political exchange. I explore the possibility that for Gandhi, the suffering of corporeal pain is a crucial component of environmental political discourse.
Therapeutic Breathing Techniques and Disparity across Student Performance in English and Mathematics

This paper explores possible correlation between Therapeutic Breathing Techniques (TBT) and improved academic performance of low achieving students in elementary school. The intervention consisted of daily breathing exercises combining two forms of TBT, namely, deep breathing and alternate nostril breathing. A semester-long quantitative study with85 second graders was conducted to investigate the impact of above intervention on English and mathematics scores. Following one semester of intervention, the gaps between the low and high achievers had narrowed and small but significant gain-scores were found for the low achievers who had practiced TBT. In contrast, in first and third grades, where neither low achievers nor high achievers received the treatment, the gap between the low and high achievers widened slightly. The findings indicate the need to further investigate the potential merit of therapeutic breathing exercises as a low-cost intervention strategy for improving school performance and addressing achievement gaps, especially in mathematics.
The Possibility of Nurturing a Kernel of Creativity in a Child

I have spent a long time seeking to understand what has caused me to be so hesitant about claiming my place in the world. Through my early immersion in books I developed some sense of imaginative possibilities, though it would be an overstatement to say that in my early years I experienced nurturance of any latent kernel of creativity.
Japanese Avant-garde and the Moga (“Modern Girl”)

From the late Meiji era through the early Showa period, Japanese culture not only adopted industrialization from the imperial West, but also exchanged radical artistic practices. Along with artistic modernism arose the modern woman, whose nudity became an emblem for avant-garde artists and whose independent style became a culturally recognized icon in fashion and popular visual culture in Japan. This modern girl (modan garu or moga) stood between the two Japans of traditional aesthetics and new aesthetic experiments. As Japanese cinema developed, this moga became a visual sign of dynamic social practices for continually evolving definitions of modernity. Japanese avant-garde, then, must be considered as a gendered culturation, since all of the prevailing new art forms that emerged from the Edo period to the present have relied upon female figures—the geisha, courtesan, new woman, and the moga—as expressions of the novelty of the visual aesthetic.
Septic Arthritis Versus Lyme Arthritis: A Case of Diagnostic Difficulty.

A 12-year-old female softball player with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus presented to the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital after 1 day of right knee pain and swelling. The pain was described as 6 to 7 out of 10 in severity, worse with activity, and better with rest. Associated symptoms included fever, chills, decreased appetite, and fatigue. There was no history of trauma, recent travel, or tick bites. Earlier in the day she had been seen by her primary care physician, who prescribed cephalexin for bilateral ingrown toenails. Initial vital signs were as follows: temperature of 36.8°C, heart rate of 130 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 138/65 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation of 100% on room air. On physical examination, the patient was in no acute distress. Her right knee had a moderate effusion with overlying warmth but no erythema. There was minimal tenderness to palpation. Knee range of motion was limited to 0 to 90°. She could bear weight but walked with a limp. She also had evidence of healing bilateral ingrown toenails without surrounding erythema. Screening laboratory tests were significant for a serum white blood cell (WBC) count of 5.2 K/µL (reference range: 4.0–10.5 K/µL), with 51% neutrophils, 38% lymphocytes, and 10% monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) of 12.92 mg/dL (reference range: <1.0 mg/dL), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 76 mm/hour (reference range: 0–20 mm/hour). A radiograph of the knee showed no evidence of acute fracture. Joint aspiration was performed by the Orthopedic Surgery service and revealed a synovial fluid WBC count of 66 280 per mm3 (58% …
Tip-induced local strain on Mo S 2 / graphite detected by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy

We report the detection of tip-induced local strain applied to the monolayer $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ grown on a graphite substrate by scanning tunneling microscope. Monolayer $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ behaves as both mechanical and tunneling barriers that prevent the tip from contacting the graphite while maintaining the tunneling current. Inelastic tunneling electron spectroscopy (IETS) is utilized to probe the phonon modes in graphite. As the tip pushes the sample, IETS reveals a continuous phonon softening in graphite, corroborated by a downward shift of the phonon energy as calculated by density-functional theory. Our results demonstrate a way to apply local mechanical strain and simultaneously detect the induced change in phonon modes by unitizing IETS with two-dimensional materials as a tunneling barrier.
The Dark Side of Peacekeeping: The Canadian Airborne Regiment in Somalia

In 1993, the Canadian peacekeeping operation in Somalia came under international scrutiny when a young Somali, Shidane Arone, was beaten to death. His killing cast a dark shadow over a Canadian mission that aimed to provide humanitarian assistance and ensure Canada’s international reputation as a promoter of human rights. Subsequent investigations revealed that 2 Commando, the unit that killed Arone, had been involved in several violent incidents with civilians. However, other Canadian units in similarly hostile conditions had offered comfort and assistance to civilians. After examining training records, enforcement of civilian protection norms, and unit subculture, the author finds that 2 Commando had developed a pernicious subculture that led them to quickly escalate situations to violence and endanger civilians. Although responsibility for Arone’s death was properly attributed to the members of the unit, failures in socialization, particularly in ignoring 2 Commando’s countercultural subculture, occurred throughout the chain of command.
Imaging Vascular Anomalies of the Pediatric Chest: Rings, Slings, and Other Things

This chapter begins with a discussion of the techniques used in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate suspected vascular anomalies of the chest in children. Selected examples of vascular anomalies of the great vessels and more peripheral lung vessels are then described. Examples of lesions that are less commonly described have been chosen. Technique is emphasized in order to address some of the challenges in obtaining diagnostic-quality imaging of the pediatric thoracic vasculature. In most cases, contrast material can only be administered a single time, so there is only one chance to get the images. Young children cannot cooperate with breathing instructions or even lie still. Respiratory motion is greater in children than in adults, and a respiratory rate of 60 is normal for an infant. Good quality images can easily be compared with numerous examples available in textbooks and through the World Wide Web, or the images can be shared with other imagers to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Poor image quality due to motion, poor contrast bolus, artifacts, or limitations of technique will limit all attempts at interpretation.
Selenium Deficiency Diseases in Animals

Biological function is thought to depend on the tissue concentration or the intake of a nutrient. The severity of deficiency signs and the effects of re supplementation depend on the degree of deficiency. This dependency has been formulated mathemetically by Bertrand (1912). According to Bertrand’s rule, a function for which a nutrient is essential and the nutrient is low or absent results in a theoretical deficiency, but the function increases with increasing exposure to the essential nutrient. This increase in function is followed by a plateau representing the maintenance of optimal function through homeostatic regulation, and a decline of the function toward zero as the regulatory mechanisms are overcome by increasing concentrations that become toxic. Bertrand’s work has been graphically interpreted by Mertz (1981) in a review article (Figure 2-1). This type of classification of function should help in more completely understanding the complete picture in regard to trace elements. In the past, certain trace elements have been labeled as either toxic, essential, or carcinogenic, etc. by various groups without regard to its other equally important functions. Recent work has demonstrated that several of the trace elements including selenium possess the characteristics outlined by Bertrand and Mertz. It is likely that each essential nutrient has its own specific curve which differs from that of other nutrients, i.e., the width of the plateau.
Bullying: A School Mental Health Perspective

This chapter focuses on the issue of bullying, which has grown as a significant concern among school personnel, students, and parents in the past few decades. The literature on school disciplinary procedures, social-emotional learning approaches, positive behavioral interventions and supports, and cognitive-behavioral treatment for aggressive behavior are reviewed and form the foundation for an individualized mental health assessment and treatment approach for working with students who bully others. This chapter provides a framework for bullying as a mental health issue and emphasizes the importance of schools, communities, and families working together in order to create a culture where bullying is not rewarded, supported, nor accepted. We describe the Target Bullying Intervention Program (T-BIP), which was designed to evaluate and address the mental health issues that may be underlying bullying behaviors.
Equiangular Surfaces, Self-Similar Surfaces, and the Geometry of Seashells.

Khristo Boyadzhiev (k-boyadzhiev@onu.edu) is Professor of Mathematics at Ohio Northern University (Ada, Ohio 45810). A native of Bulgaria, he received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia in 1978. His primary research includes classical analysis and operator theory. Khristo enjoys problem solving and lately working on the new web site "Mathematics Bonus Files" (http: //www2. onu.edu/~mcaragiul/bonus_f iles.html). Besides that, he is also interested in photography, chess, and the economics of globalization.
The Feasibility and Performance of the Patient Navigation Programme in Improving Breast Cancer Care in Malaysia

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Malaysia and it is anticipated that incidence will increase by 49% from 2012 to 2025. Unfortunately, survival remains poor because of late pre...
School choice with neighbors

Abstract We consider the school choice problem where students who live near each other may prefer to be assigned to the same school. Even this very mild form of externality means that stable matchings may not exist, and that the student-proposing deferred acceptance mechanism may yield undesirable results — it is neither stable nor strategy-proof. We modify the school-proposing deferred acceptance mechanism to improve its performance. Our setting has important differences from both matching with couples and matching with preferences over colleagues.
Managing Infants Exposed to Maternal Chorioamnionitis by the Use of Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator

Objective. To reduce neonatal intensive care unit admission rate (NAR) and antibiotic utilization rate (AUR) in ≥36 weeks gestational age infants exposed to maternal chorioamnionitis (MC) through the application of early-onset sepsis calculator (EOSCAL). Study Design. This is a single-center cohort study. All infants born ≥36 weeks gestational age and exposed to MC were compared for NAR, AUR, and laboratory evaluation rate (LER) 2 years after and 1 year before the implementation of EOSCAL. Results. There is a significant decrease in NAR (P < .001), AUR (P < .04), and LER for blood culture, complete blood count, and C-reactive protein (P < .001) after implementation of EOSCAL. If infants received antibiotics, it was for significantly less number of doses (P < .01). There was no increase in the readmission rate. Conclusion. Use of EOSCAL significantly decreases the rate of NAR, AUR, and LER in infants exposed to MC, without affecting readmission rates and late antibiotic use.
Parental perspectives on successful parent education and behavioral intervention.

Introduction: Literature suggests that although behavioral therapy is an effective means of intervention for children with disabilities, family participation in these programs is often lacking. Sev...
Playing in the Sandbox: A Narrative Approach to Faculty Development

This narrative inquiry captures the stories of three newly-hired professors struggling to assimilate into Metro Community College’s social environment. My work first presents Samantha’s metaphor: a...
Major complications of aspirin desensitization and maintenance therapy in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background Treatment of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) includes endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and aspirin desensitization (AD) with aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD). The objective of this study was to determine the rate of major complications associated with aspirin use that resulted in the discontinuation of aspirin therapy. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of patients with AERD who underwent ESS, AD, and ATAD at a single AERD tertiary center between July 2016 and February 2019. Complications associated with aspirin that resulted in the discontinuation of aspirin therapy were analyzed via analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results In total, 109 AERD patients underwent ESS with subsequent AD. Ten patients (9.2%) discontinued therapy after AD, before starting ATAD. Eight patients (7.3%) discontinued therapy after starting ATAD. There were 91 patients (83.5%) with no complications throughout ATAD. Reasons for discontinuation included gastritis, upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, anaphylaxis, persistent sinonasal symptoms, recurrent epistaxis, asthma exacerbation, and a nummular rash. There was no significant correlation between complication rate and (1) aspirin doses (analysis of variance [ANOVA] F: 0.69; p = 0.51), (2) gender (odds ratio [OR] 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 1.65; p = 0.30), (3) age (OR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.09; p = 0.06), or (4) race/ethnicity (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.44; p = 0.36). Conclusion AD with ATAD was associated with only a 0.92% incidence of a clinically significant GI bleed, and only a 0.92% incidence of anaphylaxis. A remaining 16 patients (14.7%) discontinued aspirin therapy due to minor clinical sequelae. These findings demonstrate that the majority of AERD patients tolerate AD with ATAD without any major complications.
Natural Resource Policy: Avoiding the Tragedy of the Commons

The issue is how to avoid the tragedy of the commons arising out of excessive greed. The mainstream neoclassical and libertarian economics solution is to turn the common and public property in such things as water into private property. Intriguingly, privatizing does not solve it: private property in Spaceship Earth systems can easily lead to the tragedy of the anti-commons. Just because it is owned in a private property does not guarantee that excessive greed will not destroy it. Metaeconomics clarifies that solving both the commons and anti-commons problems requires finding good balance in private and public property, balance in Market and Government: temper and bound the Greed in both realms. Carbon taxes, carbon markets, and the sulfur emissions markets are explored as a case in point.