cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variability of Settling Characteristics of Solids in Dry and Wet Weather Flows in Combined Sewers: Implications for CSO Treatment

Four devices developed for measuring settling velocity distributions of combined sewer overflow (CSO) solids were applied to dry and wet weather flow samples from an urban area serviced by combined sewers (Welland, ON, Canada). The settling column-based methods (the Aston, Brombach and US Environmental Protection Agency columns) produced comparable results indicating minimal differences in settleability of dry and wet weather samples. The elutriation apparatus, which assessed settling velocities in a flowing medium, indicated higher settleabilities than the column methods. This was attributed to enhanced opportunities for particle coalescence in the flowing medium, which should better approximate actual sedimentation conditions. While the elutriation apparatus also indicated larger differences in settleabilities between dry and wet weather samples than the column methods, this difference was not statistically significant. Experimental distributions of particle settling velocities were approximated by a mathematical function, which was then used to estimate partial settling of total suspended solids (TSS) with settling velocities smaller than the clarifier overflow rate. The TSS removal target of 50%, which is applicable to CSOs in Ontario, could be met for overflow rates ranging from 4.7 to 6.8 m/h, for dry and wet weather flows, respectively, based on the average settling velocities measured. Experimental data collected in the study indicate that the design of CSO storage and settling facilities is affected, among other factors, by both the apparatus used to assess CSO settleability and the inter-event variability of CSO settling characteristics.
Remote field eddy current testing for detection of stress corrosion cracks in gas transmission pipelines

Abstract Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) pigs are traditionally used for the detection of gross corrosion on steel pipelines used for the transmission of natural gas. Alternative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) modalities are required for the detection of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which tends to exist in colonies oriented axially along the length of the pipeline. This paper describes the use of multi-phase rotating magnetic fields in the remote region of the probe as a possible SCC detection mechanism. Details of a prototype pig and test rig are given and the challenges associated with the finite element modeling of the device are discussed. Initial experimental results show that this novel NDE modality is sensitive to axially oriented tight cracks.
Thermal Properties of Plaster of Paris in the Powdered Form

THE thermal conductivity of powdered plaster of Paris was reported in 1896 by Lees and Chorlton1. Their value of 0.00261 gm. cal./sec./deg C./cm. has since been incorporated into the literature of heat transfer, primarily through the medium of the “International Critical Tables”. So recently as 1950, text-books have continued to report this value. Unfortunately, the decimal point in the original paper and subsequent copies has been misplaced. Lees and Chorlton should have reported a value of 0.000261 gm. cal./sec./deg. C./cm.
Assessing the effectiveness of health care cost containment measures: evidence from the market for rehabilitation care

This study empirically evaluates the effectiveness of different health care cost containment measures. The measures investigated were introduced in Germany in 1997 to reduce moral hazard and public health expenditures in the market for rehabilitation care. Of the analyzed measures, doubling the daily copayments was clearly the most effective cost containment measure, resulting in a reduction in utilization of about $$20\,\%$$ . Indirect measures such as allowing employers to cut federally mandated sick pay or paid vacation during inpatient post-acute care stays did not significantly reduce utilization. There is evidence neither for adverse health effects nor for substitution effects in terms of more doctor visits.
Carbon isotope geochemistry of Paleozoic oils from Big Horn Basin

Abstract Twenty crude oils from Paleozoic reservoirs in the Big Horn Basin. Wyoming were fractionated into light hydrocarbons, saturates, monoaromatics. diaromatics, polyaromatics-and-polars. and asphaltenes. Amounts and isotopic composition of each fraction were found to be internally consistent with the degree of maturation of the oil. confirming the established single source origin for these oils. A variation of approximately three per mil in the carbon isotopic composition of the whole oil and individual fraction was explained as being caused by maturation. The isotope-type-curves for these oils, the variations in isotopic composition as a function of compound group-type, were not found to be as simple as commonly believed. Other alteration processes, such as migration and deasphalting, might have influenced the pattern of the isotope distributions among fractions. The conservative nature of mass balance and subsequent isotope flows among various fractions of crude oil showed that the maturation of crude oil consists of consecutive processes leading from larger and more polar components into smaller and less polar components culminating in natural gas. Calculations were made to project the amount of condensates associated with the crude oils, and the amount of natural gas which had been generated from crude oils of a given maturity.
Structural Determinants of Interaction of Tyrosine-based Sorting Signals with the Adaptor Medium Chains

Many integral membrane proteins contain tyrosine-based signals within their cytoplasmic domains that mediate internalization from the cell surface and targeting to lysosomal compartments. Internalization depends on an interaction of the tyrosine-based signals with the clathrin-associated adaptor complex AP-2 at the plasma membrane, whereas lysosomal targeting involves interaction of the signals with an analogous complex, AP-1, at the trans-Golgi network. Recent studies have identified the medium chains mu2 of AP-2 and mu1 of AP-1 as the recognition molecules for tyrosine-based signals. We have now investigated the structural determinants for interaction of the signals with mu2 and mu1. The position of the signals was found to be an important determinant of interactions with mu2 and mu1; signals were most effective when present at the carboxyl terminus of a polypeptide sequence. Another important determinant of interactions was the identity of residues surrounding the critical tyrosine residue. Mutation of some residues affected interactions with mu2 and mu1 similarly, whereas other mutations had differential effects. These observations suggest that both the position and the exact sequence of tyrosine-based sorting signals are major determinants of selectivity in their interaction with clathrin-associated adaptor complexes.
Estimating the speed of Drosophila locomotion using an automated behavior detection and analysis system

A fundamental phenotypic trait in Drosophila melanogaster is the speed of movement. Its quantification in response to environmental and experimental factors is highly useful for behavioral and neurological studies. Quantifying this behavioral characteristic in freely moving flies is difficult, and many current systems are limited to evaluating the speed of movement of one fly at a time or rely on expensive, time-consuming methods. Here, we present a novel signal processing method of quantifying the speed of multiple flies using a system with automatic behavior detection and analysis that we previously developed to quantify general activity. By evaluating the shape of the signal wave from recordings of a live and simulated single fly, a metric for speed of movement was found. The feasibility of using this metric to estimate the speed of movement in a population of flies was then confirmed by evaluating recordings taken from populations of flies maintained at two different temperatures. The results were consistent with those reported in the literature. This method provides an automated way of measuring speed of locomotion in a fly population, which will further quantify fly behavioral responses to the environment.
Comparison of donor chimerism following myeloablative and nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic SCT

Surveillance of hematopoietic chimerism following hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) with nonmyeloablative (NMA) preparative regimens is standard to assess the need for clinical intervention. Monitoring of donor chimerism following HSCT with myeloablative (MA) preparative regimens is, however, not considered useful because engraftment is thought to occur rapidly and consistently. This study compares the timing of donor hematopoietic cell engraftment in patients undergoing NMA conditioning with fludarabine and TBI with those receiving MA conditioning with BU- or TBI-based regimens. Achievement of ≥ 90% donor leukocyte chimerism occurred rapidly and consistently in all three groups and time to achievement of ≥ 90% donor T cells was similar among the three groups (P = 0.57). Achievement of ≥ 90% donor leukocyte chimerism was not associated with risk of acute or chronic GVHD, graft rejection, relapse or all cause mortality in multivariate analyses. Donor T-cell chimerism of ≥ 90% was significantly associated with development of extensive chronic GVHD. The value of routine surveillance of chimerism following any of the preparative regimens used in this study should be reevaluated.
Iodine Retention and Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients on Hemodialysis and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Povidone-iodine is frequently used as an antiseptic in patients on chronic dialysis. In order to determine if the use of povidone-iodine affects thyroid function in these patients, we measured serum iodine and thyroid hormone levels in dialysis patients prior to and following discontinuation of topical povidone-iodine antiseptics. Serum inorganic iodine levels were elevated initially in nearly 90% of the patients (19 on hemodialysis, 12 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [CAPD]). Following discontinuation of povidone-iodine, iodine levels over a 3-month period decreased modestly in patients on CAPD (n = 5) and were unchanged in patients on hemodialysis (n = 5). Total and free thyroxine levels were frequently low but did not correlate with protein-bound or inorganic iodine levels and did not change after discontinuation of povidone-iodine. Thyrotropin levels correlated significantly ( r = .62, P
Recovery of high-performance re-entry vehicles by drag brakes plus parachutes.

A ballistic re-entry vehicle with a high ballistic coefficient encounters severe aero thermal nose-cap environments whose maximums occur at very low altitudes for steep re-entry trajectories. To obtain quantitative measures of heat-shield material's performance for such vehicles, flight tests achieving maximum dynamic pressures in excess of 160,000 psf are mandatory. There has been a strong desire to recover these test vehicles via airsnatch or low-speed impact on water or land without either 1) imposing large, impractical weight and complexity penalties on the vehicle to achieve the necessary deceleration forces or 2) compromising the test environments. A solution to this problem is to use a combination of structural hypersonic drag brakes and parachutes. Preliminary wind-tunnel tests have shown the drag brake concept to be practical. Both subsonic and supersonic parachutes were considered and their effects on the total system capability were identified. Analysis shows that subsonic parachute systems could be used with only a small penalty in achievable flight-test environments.
Development of a soluble lubricity additive for perfluoropolyalkylether fluids

A new lubricity additive for perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) fluids was synthesized. A linear, unbranched fluid formulated with this additive was evaluated under boundary lubrication and elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrications. Performance of the base fluid imporved significantly with the incorporation of this additive.
Intravascular crystals provide diagnostic clue in diagnosis of monoclonal cryoglobulinemia

Monoclonal cryoglobulinemia is a relatively uncommon disorder that may involve the skin at the time of presentation. We present here a case in which the histological observation of eosinophilic crystals within dermal blood vessels provided the initial diagnostic clue to making the final diagnosis.
Measurement of self-broadening of the ozone nu(3) transitions

Self-broadening coefficients have been measured for a number of rovibrational lines in the nu(3) band of ozone, in the frequency range 1015-1058/cm, with J values between 0 and 27, and over a range of K(a) values. A multiparameter nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure is used to reduce the data, and the sensitivity of the procedure to instrument line width, weak satellite features, and absolute intensity has been examined. The retrieved coefficients are compared with millimeter-wave broadening coefficients, direclty measured rotational relaxation times, and recently suggested empirical representations.
Toughening mechanisms in a multi-phase alloy of nylon 6,6/polyphenylene oxide

Toughening mechanisms in a nylon 6,6/polyphenylene oxide (PA/PPO) alloy are studied. This alloy consists of well dispersed PPO particles (containing an elastomeric phase) in a PA matrix. Both crazing and shear yielding mechanisms are found to be sequentially operative in this alloy. When a crack propagates in the material, a crazed zone forms ahead of the crack tip. This crazed zone then transforms into a shear yielded zone as the crack propagates through it. The crazes inside the original crazed zone are closed or distorted by the shear yielding process. In the transformed region, the shear yielded material is oriented at different angles as the crack propagates. These findings are consistent with the notion that hydrostatic tension has to be dissipated in order for the remaining deviatoric stress to reach the critical value for yielding. It is possible to partially attribute the increase in toughness to both crack blunting and zone shielding mechanisms.
Selective nucleation and discovery of organic polymorphs through epitaxy with single crystal substrates.

Crystallization of 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (1), previously found to produce six conformational polymorphs from solution, on single-crystal pimelic acid (PA) substrates results in selective and oriented growth of the metastable “YN” (yellow needle) polymorph on the (101)PA faces of the substrate. Though the freshly cleaved substrate crystals expose (101)PA and (111)PA faces, which are both decorated with [101]PA ledges that could serve as nucleation sites, crystal growth of YN occurs on only (101)PA. Goniometry measurements performed with an atomic force microscope reveal that the (001)YN plane contacts (101)PA with a crystal orientation [100]YN||[010]PA and [010]YN||[101]PA. A geometric lattice analysis using a newly developed program dubbed GRACE (geometric real-space analysis of crystal epitaxy) indicates that this interfacial configuration arises from optimal two-dimensional epitaxy and that among the six polymorphs of 1, only the YN polymorph, in the observed orient...
Mass-transport limitations in spot-based microarrays.

Mass transport of analyte to surface-immobilized affinity reagents is the fundamental bottleneck for sensitive detection in solid-support microarrays and biosensors. Analyte depletion in the volume adjacent to the sensor causes deviation from ideal association, significantly slows down reaction kinetics, and causes inhomogeneous binding across the sensor surface. In this paper we use high-resolution molecular interferometric imaging (MI2), a label-free optical interferometry technique for direct detection of molecular films, to study the inhomogeneous distribution of intra-spot binding across 100 micron-diameter protein spots. By measuring intra-spot binding inhomogeneity, reaction kinetics can be determined accurately when combined with a numerical three-dimensional finite element model. To ensure homogeneous binding across a spot, a critical flow rate is identified in terms of the association rate ka and the spot diameter. The binding inhomogeneity across a spot can be used to distinguish high-affinity low-concentration specific reactions from low-affinity high-concentration non-specific binding of background proteins.
An accurate sampling-based method for approximating geometry

We present a sampling-based method for approximating the boundary of a geometry defined by various geometric operations. Based on a novel adaptive sampling condition, we first construct volumetric grids such that an error-minimizing point can be found in each cell to capture all the geometric objects inside the cell. We then construct a polygonal model from the grid. We guarantee the boundary approximation has the same topology as the exact surfaces, and the maximum approximation error from the exact surfaces is bounded by a user specified tolerance. Our method is robust and easy to implement. We have applied it in various applications such as remeshing of polygonal models, Boolean operations, and offsetting operations. We report experimental results on a variety of CAD models.
Interactions of aqueous NOM with nanoscale TiO2: implications for ceramic membrane filtration-ozonation hybrid process.

The combined effect of pH and calcium on the interactions of nonozonated and ozonated natural organic matter (NOM) with nanoscale TiO2 was investigated. The approach included characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles and NOM, extended Derjaguin−Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (XDLVO) modeling of NOM-TiO2 and NOM−NOM interactions, batch study on the NOM adsorption onto TiO2 surface, and bench-scale study on the treatment of NOM-containing feed waters using a hybrid process that combines ozonation and ultrafiltration with a 5 kDa ceramic (TiO2 surface) membrane. It was demonstrated that depending on pH and TiO2 loading, the adsorption of NOM species is controlled by either the availability of divalent cations or by preozonation of NOM. XDLVO surface energy analysis predicts NOM adsorption onto TiO2 in the ozone-controlled regime but not in the calcium-controlled regime. In both regimes, short-range NOM−NOM and NOM−TiO2 interactions were governed by acid−base and van der Waals forces, whereas the role of electrostatic f...
Seamount magnetic polarity and Cretaceous volcanism of the Pacific Basin

In this paper we examine the magnetic polarity for Pacific Basin seamounts exclusive of the Hawaiian Ridge. On Pacific crust older than 65 Ma, seamounts of normal polarity predominate. On crust younger than 65 Ma, seamounts exhibit normal and reversed polarity as well as mixed polarity. We show that viscous components do not dominate seamount magnetization, and we suggest that a large number of normal seamounts were formed during a major magmatic event postulated for the period 110–70 Ma. This period overlaps with the long Cretaceous normal period (118–84 Ma) and corresponds to 85% normal polarity for Earth9s magnetic field. The correspondence of a period of high magmatic activity with a long period of normal polarity supports the possible correlation between those processes responsible for magma production and for magnetic field generation.
Cool Concept Art

A series of digital concept paintings which explore non-verbal visual narrative construction. My hypothesis is that there are compelling kinds of narrative that can be communicated and understood visually but not communicated or understood verbally.
Linear Electric Machines, Drives, and MAGLEVs Handbook (Boldea, I.; 2013) [Book News]

The author of this book presents a new handbook devoted to a wide family of linear electric machines (LEMs), which realize the conversion of electrical energy to linear motion mechanical energy, or vice versa, based on electromagnetic forces. The fast development of industrial LEMs has been observed since 1960, thanks to the development of power electronic converters used for linear position, speed, and force control. The book is based mainly on more than 40 years of the author?s experiences and recent contributions to the topic worldwide.
Manual resurfacing and trichloroacetic acid for the treatment of patients with widespread actinic damage. Clinical and histologic observations.

BACKGROUND A facial resurfacing regimen combining manual abrasion of the skin and 25% trichloroacetic acid has been reported to produce excellent results, but the histologic depth of injury produced by this technique has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with this technique treating patients with extensive actinic damage and to determine the histologic depth of injury produced. METHOD We treated 40 patients using manual resurfacing and trichloroacetic acid, primarily for widespread actinic keratoses. Resurfacing tools included silicone carbide sandpaper, drywall screen, electrocautery tip cleaners, abrasive pads, scalpel blades, and curettes. Four patients underwent sequential biopsies to evaluate the depth of wounding using this technique. RESULTS Manual resurfacing combined with trichloroacetic acid consistently produced excellent cosmetic results and nearly complete eradication of actinic keratoses. Histologically, treated areas showed replacement of the dermal elastotic band by newly formed collagen, a significantly deeper level of wounding than the jessner's/35% trichloroacetic acid peel, There was no evidence for foreign body granulomas clinically or histologically as a result of the abrasive materials. CONCLUSIONS The deeper level of this peel explains the improved cosmetic outcome and greater eradication of actinic keratoses. This treatment is particularly well suited for patients with extensive photodamage and widespread actinic keratoses.
Plasma normetanephrine: A biochemical marker of sympathetic nerve function in man

Abstract The concentration of the catecholamines in plasma are regarded by many investigators as biochemical markers of sympathoadrenal activity in man. This study was designed to: 1) assess the relationship of normetanephrine (NMN), the metabolite of norepinephrine (NE) most likely to represent degration of newly synthesized and released “active” norepinephrine, to that of norepinephrine in plasma of normal volunteers and 2) to determine regional variations in plasma normetanephrine concentrations at venous and arterial sites of patients undergoing cardiac catherization. The findings suggest that 1) plasma normetanephrine reflects sympathoadrenal activity and neurotransmitter production at both peripheral neuronal and adrenal medullary sites and 2) there is net removal of normetanephrine by liver and kidney. Plasma normetanephrine should provide assistance in the biochemical assessment of sympathoadrenal tone in man and in patients with various autonomic disorders.
Connotative meaning and its role in accounting change: A field study

Abstract The research reported in this article uses the area of Human Resource Accounting (HRA) as a vehicle to study the role of connotative meaning in the process of change in accounting. The semantic dimensions of selected accounting constructs are identified and the constructs positioned in semantic space. Two clusters of constructs are observed: traditional and nontraditional. This suggests the existence of a ‘semantic halo effect’ that may help explain resistance to new constructs in accounting, such as “Social Accounting” and “Human Resource Accounting”.
The nature of ion and water barrier crossings in a simulated ion channel.

Using a combination of techniques, including molecular dynamics, time-correlation analysis, stochastic dynamics, and fitting of continuum diffusion theory to electrophysiological data, a characterization is made of thermally driven sodium, water, and D2O motion within the gramicidin A channel. Since the channel contents are constrained to move in a single-file fashion, the motion that corresponds to experimentally measurable rates of permeation of the membrane is the motion of the center of mass of the channel contents. We therefore emphasize channel contents center-of-mass motion in our analysis of molecular dynamics computations. The usual free energy calculation techniques would be of questionable validity when applied to such motion. As an alternative to those techniques, we postulate a periodic sinusoidal free energy profile (related to the periodic structure of the helical channel) and deduce the fluid dynamic diffusion coefficient and the height and spacing of the free energy barriers from the form of the mean-square-deviation function, using stochastic computations. The fluid dynamic friction in each case appears similar to that for aqueous solution. However, the diffusive motions are modulated by a spatially periodic free energy profile with a periodicity characteristic of an L-D pair of amino acids in the gramicidin helix, approximately 1.7 A in the model we use. The barrier height depends on which substance is moving in the channel, but in each case is several times thermal energy. For barriers of this width and height, the motion is intermediate between the low-friction (transition-state) and high-friction (Brownian) limits. Thus, neither of these formalisms that have been used commonly to describe membrane permeation gives an accurate picture of the underlying physical process (although the Brownian description seems closer to correct). The non-Markovian Langevin equation must be solved to describe properly the statistics of the process. The "channel state of matter" characteristic of the channel contents appears to have some properties typical of the solid and some typical of the liquid state. The magnitude of the local friction and nature of the ion solvation are similar to the liquid state, but the periodicities of structure, free energy, and dynamics are somewhat solid-like. The alignment of water dipoles in the channel bears some resemblance to the orientational ordering of a nematic liquid crystal, but unlike a nematic liquid crystal, the waters have a degree of translational order as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Measuring Search for Meaning: A Factor-Analytic Evaluation of the Seeking of Noetic Goals Test (SONG)

This study’s primary purpose was to examine the factor structure of the 20-item Seeking of Noetic Goals (SONG) test via exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic procedures. An additional objective was to report on the measure’s incremental validity in comparison to the Search scale of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), an alternative measure of search for meaning. This study utilized data from three samples of American undergraduates (N = 908) from a medium-sized southern university. Factor analysis supported a two-factor model of the SONG, with patterns of correlation further suggesting the measure assesses distinct constructs. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated similar scale structure and item answering in terms of gender. Overall, the first factor yielded reliable scores that correlated significantly and in the expected direction with measures of well-being and psychological distress. The second factor did not yield reliable scores nor did it correlate significantly with many of the other measures administered. However, both factors were shown to significantly predict scores from measures of depression and general psychological distress after controlling for MLQ Search scale scores. We consider the data with respect to SONG scoring and interpretation, and discuss implications of these data for future research.
Imaging Collagen Orientation Using Polarization-Modulated Second Harmonic Generation

We use polarization-modulated second harmonic generation to image fiber orientation in collagen tissues, with an axial resolution of about 10 micrometers and a transverse resolution of up to 1 micrometers . A linearly polarized ultra-short pulse (200 fs) Ti:Sapphire laser beam is modulated using an electro-optic modulator and quarter-wave plate combination and focused onto a translation stage mounted sample using a microscope objective. The generated second harmonic light is collected using a photomultiplier tube and demodulated using phase sensitive detection to obtain signal intensity and fiber orientation information. In order to obtain second harmonic generation images of different types of collagen organization, we analyze several different tissues, including rat-tail tendon, mouse aorta, mouse fibrotic liver, and porcine skin. We can use our technique to image fibrotic tissue in histological sections of damaged liver and to identify burned tissue in porcine skin to a depth of a few hundred microns. Polarization-modulated second harmonic generation potentially could be a useful clinical technique for diagnosing collagen related disease or damage, especially in the skin.
Model inversion of satellite-measured reflectances for obtaining surface biophysical and bidirectional reflectance characteristics of grassland

Abstract An inversion method that can be used to derive information about biophysical and radiative conditions of a grassland surface from remotely sensed surface spectral reflectances is described. A previously developed simple surface bidirectional reflectance model was expanded for use in this inversion process. In the inversion process, a multidimensional optimization scheme is used to obtain a set of model parameters that minimizes the difference between modeled and observed reflectances. The effect of the number of data points used in the inversion on the accuracy of the model inversion was investigated with ground-based hemispheric scan measurements of surface spectral reflectances over a tallgrass prairie in Kansas. The result shows that the total inversion error consists of minimum or systematic error and ambiguity error. The former results from uncertainties in the accuracies of the model and measurements, whereas the latter is caused by the ambiguity of the model inversion when a limited number of data points are used. The systematic error is independent of the number of data points, whereas the ambiguity error decreases sharply with increasing data points when the number of data points is small (fewer than about seven). An inversion method with appropriate data grouping applied to the reflectance data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer is shown to improve estimates of surface parameters over the grassland site. Relative differences between measured surface bidirectional reflectances and those calculated with the derived surface parameters range from 6% to 15% (12.9% for band 1 [0.65–0.67 μm], 6.9% for band 2 [0.81–0.84 ,um], and 7.6% for band 3 [1.62-1.69μm])
Parents' gender-based attitudes toward marital roles and child rearing: Development and validation of new measures

Factor analysis of 18 Likert-type items dealing with gender stereotypes about family roles was conducted and yielded two measures: one focused on marital roles and one focussed on child rearing. Respondents were parents of children in the third and fourth grades of a large industrialized city in the Midwest. The sample included 364 families equally divided between middle and lower class with 23% African American and 77% European American. For both scales, more stereotyped scores were obtained by parents who were lower in social status, less educated, full-time homemakers, African Americans, and fathers. Parents' scores related to a separate measure of children's stereotypes and the marital-role attitudes related to actual roles reported by family members. Daughters whose parents obtained less stereotyped scores had a more internal locus of control, showed a trend toward more independent coping skills, and—in the middle class—obtained higher scores on achievement tests.
Report on the panels and workshops of the music information retrieval (MIR) and music digital library (MDL) evaluation frameworks project

Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and Music Digital Library (MDL) are two interrelated, multidisciplinary research areas with a growing community of involved parties. MIR/MDL research brings together computer scientists, audio engineers, librarians, musicologists, educators and business executives in a common effort to provide robust mechanisms for organizing, storing and accessing the world’s everincreasing volume of music. Newcomers to the world of MIR/MDL are invited to read Downie [8], Futrelle and Downie [10], and Byrd and Crawford [3] for overviews of issues currently being examined by MIR/MDL researchers.
Prototypes for definable subsets of algebraically closed valued fields

Elimination of imaginaries for 1-variable definable equivalence relations is proved for a theory of algebraically closed valued fields with new sorts for the disc spaces. The proof is constructive, and is based upon a new framework for proving elimination of imaginaries, in terms of prototypes which form a canonical family of formulas for defining each set that is definable with parameters. The proof also depends upon the formal development of the tree-like structure of valued fields, in terms of valued trees , and a decomposition of valued trees which is used in the coding of certain sets of discs.
The effect of a high fat diet on the carnitine content of skeletal and cardiac muscle from streptozotocin-diabetic and control rats

Abstract Streptozotocin-diabetic (SZ) and control rats were maintained on high fat (HF) or on low fat (LF) diets for a period of two weeks. Skeletal and cardiac muscle were assayed for free fatty acids and for free, short-chain, and long-chain carnitine. The free fatty acid content of both skeletal and cardiac muscle was increased in SZ rats fed the LF diet and was not augmented appreciably by HF feeding. The level of free carnitine was decreased in muscles from diabetic animals maintained on the LF regimen and was unaffected by the HF diet. The amount of long-chain carnitine esters was increased in both skeletal and cardiac muscle from LF-fed SZ rats and decreased in heart from HF-fed diabetic animals. The absolute amounts of free and long-chain carnitine measured in tissue from the LF fed control rats did not differ consistently from those in muscles from HF-fed control rats. However, the long-chain carnitine/free carnitine ratio was elevated significantly in both skeletal and cardiac muscle from the HF-fed control animals, but was not increased in SZ rats maintained on the HF regimen. Together, these data suggest that high fat feeding results in increased lipid utilization in control but not in diabetic rats.
THE NATURE OF METAL-AZIDE INTERACTIONS IN A HIGH-VALENT TETRAAZIDO-MANGANESE(IV) COMPLEX. ISOLATION, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES, INCLUDING UV-VIS, EPR AND RESONANCE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF [Mn(bpy)(N3)4] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)

Abstract A mononuclear high-valent tetraazidomanganese(IV) complex, [Mn(bpy)(N3)4] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), which possesses two pairs of distinct metal-azide interactions, has been isolated from an in situ reaction between [Mn2O(O2CCH3)2(bpy)2(H2O2]2+ [S. Menage, J.-J Girerd and A. Gleizes, J. Chem. Commun. 1988, 431] and sodium azide. The complex has been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography and UV-vis, EPR and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopic methods. The crystals are monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 16.570(3) A, b = 13.946(3) A, c = 7.019(1) A, β = 111.17(3)°, and Z = 4. The two azides trans to the nitrogens of the bpy ligand show stronger Mn-N bonds compared to those cis to bpy. The difference in Mn-azide interactions is reflected in splittings of the v(Mn-N3) (373, 362 cm−1), v s(N3) (1354, 1335 cm−1) and v as(N3) (2055, 2038 cm−1) stretching vibrational frequencies of the coordinated N3 − as identified by RR spectroscopy. These modes are enhanced in resonance wi...
A search for X-rays from runaway stars

Enhanced X-ray emission from an early-type runaway star would be direct evidence for the presence of a collapsed companion, and thus for its origin as the result of a supernova explosion in a massive binary. To test this idea, measurements of X-ray fluxes in the 0.5-3 keV energy range from nine O and B type runaway stars were made with the Einstein Observatory. In each case, the X-ray luminosity observed does not exceed that expected from a normal OB star. Therefore we conclude that, if the runaway stars have collapsed companions, the separations of the components must be much greater than those in normal OB binaries.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of cytotoxic 11-alkenylindenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I inhibitors and indenoisoquinoline-camptothecin hybrids

The indenoisoquinolines are a novel class of topoisomerase I (top1) inhibitors that are cytotoxic in cancer cell cultures and are therefore under development as potential anticancer agents. As inhibitors of the DNA religation reaction occurring after DNA cleavage by the enzyme, they are classified as top1 poisons, similar to the camptothecins. Two strategies were employed in order to further develop the structure−activity relationships of the indenoisoquinolines and enhance their therapeutic potential. The first strategy involved the synthesis of indenoisoquinoline−camptothecin hybrid molecules to take advantage of a proposed structural analogy between the indenoisoquinolines and camptothecin. The desired hybrids were synthesized by reaction of halogenated phthalides with a dihydropyrroloquinoline. The second strategy involved the attachment of various alkenyl substituents to the C-11 position of the indenoisoquinolines, which were assumed to project into the DNA minor groove. The required C-11-substitute...
Mitochondrial Inheritance Is Required for MEN-Regulated Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast

Mitochondrial inheritance, the transfer of mitochondria from mother to daughter cell during cell division, is essential for daughter cell viability. The mitochore, a mitochondrial protein complex containing Mdm10p, Mdm12p, and Mmm1p, is required for mitochondrial motility leading to inheritance in budding yeast. We observe a defect in cytokinesis in mitochore mutants and another mutant (mmr1Delta gem1Delta) with impaired mitochondrial inheritance. This defect is not observed in yeast that have no mitochondrial DNA or defects in mitochondrial protein import or assembly of beta-barrel proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Deletion of MDM10 inhibits contractile-ring closure, but does not inhibit contractile-ring assembly, localization of a chromosomal passenger protein to the spindle during early anaphase, spindle alignment, nucleolar segregation, or nuclear migration during anaphase. Release of the mitotic exit network (MEN) component, Cdc14p, from the nucleolus during anaphase is delayed in mdm10Delta cells. Finally, hyperactivation of the MEN by deletion of BUB2 restores defects in cytokinesis in mdm10Delta and mmr1Delta gem1Delta cells and reduces the fidelity of mitochondrial segregation between mother and daughter cells in wild-type and mdm10Delta cells. Our studies identify a novel MEN-linked regulatory system that inhibits cytokinesis in response to defects in mitochondrial inheritance in budding yeast.
RAVAGE: Post-silicon validation of mixed signal systems using genetic stimulus evolution and model tuning

With trends in mixed-signal systems-on-chip indicating increasingly extreme scaling of device dimensions and higher levels of integration, the tasks of both design and device validation is becoming increasingly complex. Post-silicon validation of mixed-signal/RF systems provides assurances of functionality of complex systems that cannot be asserted by even some of the most advanced simulators. We introduce RAVAGE (from “random;” “validation;” and “generation”), an algorithm for generating stimuli for post-silicon validation of mixed-signal systems. The approach of RAVAGE is new in that no assumption is made about any design anomaly present in the DDT; but rather, the stimulus is generated using the DUT itself with the objective of maximizing the effects of any behavioral differences between the DUT (hardware) and its behavioral model (software) as can be seen in the differences of their response to the same stimulus. Stochastic test generation is used since the exact nature of any behavioral anomaly in the DUT cannot be known a priori. Once a difference is observed, the model parameters are tuned using nonlinear optimization algorithms to remove the difference between its and the DUT's responses and the process (test generation→tuning) is repeated. If a residual error remains at the end of this process that is larger than a predetermined threshold, then it is concluded that the DUT contains unknown and possibly malicious behaviors that need further investigation. Experimental results on an RF system (hardware) are presented to prove feasibility of the proposed technique.
Volatility and correlation in international stock markets and the role of exchange rate fluctuations

Abstract This paper develops a direct, explicit model for the role of exchange rate fluctuations in international stock markets and examines how and to what extent volatility and correlations in equity markets are influenced by exchange rate fluctuations. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that a higher foreign exchange rate variability mostly increases local stock market volatility but decreases volatility for the US stock market. The extent to which stock market volatility is influenced by foreign exchange variability is greater for local markets than for the US market, due to the fact that exchange rate changes are more strongly correlated with local equity market returns than the US market returns. We find that a higher exchange rate fluctuation marginally decreases the US/local equity market correlation. While exchange rate fluctuations held a relatively large fraction of the variation in local stock market returns, there was no significant influence on the US/local equity market correlation.
Inactivation of purified plant viruses and their nucleic acids by photosensitizing dyes.

Abstract The reaction between tobacco mosaic virus (TMV ), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), their ribonucleic acids (RNA), and three photosensitizing dyes was investigated. Optimal conditions for the inactivation of TMV by toluidine blue and acridine orange were: presence of light, pH 9, and 0.01 ionic strength. Inactivation of TMV by neutral red was optimal at pH 6, but this dye was less effective than the other two dyes. TMV-RNA was more sensitive to inactivation than was the whole virus. Inactivation of TMV by toludine blue at a low concentration followed a slow first-order reaction after an instantaneous decrease. At a high dye concentration, inactivation was first order over 98% of the range, followed by a period of decreased inactivation which also seemed to be first order. Inocula containing high concentrations of toluidine blue were less infectious than inocula from which dye had been removed. Thus dye at high concentrations seemed to affect not only the virus but also the host. TMV could be photosensitized when free toluidine blue was removed from the suspension prior to illumination, indicating that dye bound to the virus was responsible for inactivation. The capacity of TMV to bind acridine orange was reduced by suboptimal ionic strength of the suspension, but not by suboptimal pH; whereas infectivity was affected by both suboptimal pH and ionic strength. Binding of TMV to dyes was also indicated by a shift of maximal absorption of virus-treated dyes and dye-treated virus. No morphological changes of photosensitized TMV were visible under the electron microscope. AMV, AMV-RNA, CMV, and CMV-RNA were more rapidly inactivated than TMV or TMV-RNA. As with TMV, inactivation of these viruses was more gradual in the dark than in the light. CMV and CMV-RNA could also be inactivated by exposure to light without treatment with photoreactive dyes.
Singular perturbation modelling and design techniques applied to jet engine control

This, paper presents an application of recent singular perturbation modelling techniques for design and control of the F-100 jet engine. The required feedback gains are calculated using a Chandrasekhar type of algorithm.
Symptom Relief and Side Effects of Postmenopausal Hormones: Results From the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial

Abstract Objective: To assess pair-wise differences between placebo, estrogen, and each of three estrogen-progestin regimens on selected symptoms. Methods: This was a 3-year, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 875 postmenopausal women aged 45–64 years at baseline. Participants were assigned randomly to one of five groups: 1) placebo, 2) daily conjugated equine estrogens, 3) conjugated equine estrogens plus cyclical medroxyprogesterone acetate, 4) conjugated equine estrogens plus daily medroxyprogesterone acetate, and 5) conjugated equine estrogens plus cyclical micronized progesterone. Symptoms were self-reported using a checklist at 1 and 3 years. Factor analysis reduced 52 symptoms to a set of six symptom groups. Results: In intention-to-treat analyses at 1 year, each active treatment demonstrated a marked, statistically significant, protective effect against vasomotor symptoms compared with placebo (odds ratios [ORs] 0.17–0.28); there was no additional benefit of estrogen-progestin over estrogen alone. Only progestin-containing regimens were significantly associated with higher levels of breast discomfort (OR 1.92–2.27). Compared with placebo, women randomized to conjugated equine estrogens reported no increase in perceived weight. Those randomized to medroxyprogesterone acetate reported less perceived weight gain (OR 0.61–0.69) than placebo. Anxiety, cognitive, and affective symptoms did not differ by treatment assignment. Analyses restricted to adherent women were not materially different than those using intention-to-treat, except that women adherent to medroxyprogesterone acetate and micronized progesterone regimens reported fewer musculoskeletal symptoms (OR 0.62–0.68). Conclusion: These results confirm the usefulness of postmenopausal hormone therapy for hot flashes, show convincingly that estrogen plus progestin causes breast discomfort, and demonstrate little influence of postmenopausal hormones on anxiety, cognition, or affect.
Active Visual Planning for Mobile Robot Teams Using Hierarchical POMDPs

Key challenges to widespread deployment of mobile robots include collaboration and the ability to tailor sensing and information processing to the task at hand. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), which are an instance of probabilistic sequential decision-making, can be used to address these challenges in domains characterized by partial observability and nondeterministic action outcomes. However, such formulations tend to be computationally intractable for domains that have large complex state spaces and require robots to respond to dynamic changes. This paper presents a hierarchical decomposition of POMDPs that incorporates adaptive observation functions, constrained convolutional policies, and automatic belief propagation, enabling robots to retain capabilities for different tasks, direct sensing to relevant locations, and determine the sequence of sensing and processing algorithms best suited to any given task. A communication layer is added to the POMDP hierarchy for belief sharing and collaboration in a team of robots. All algorithms are evaluated in simulation and on physical robots, localizing target objects in dynamic indoor domains.