cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies with chymotrypsin and RNAase showing a heterooligomeric structure of the glucocorticoid receptor complex from rat liver which is stabilized by a low molecular weight factor.

Abstract The glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver displays a differential sensitivity toward digestion by chymotrypsin and RNAase A that is dependent on its activation state. Unactivated (9–10 S) receptor is not digested by these enzymes, while activated 7–8 S receptor is. Chymotrypsin treatment yields an approx. 3 S form, while RNAase treatment yields a 4.9 S form that is distinct from the high-salt 4 S form. To firmly establish that the results are due to specific hydrolytic activities of the particular enzymes, we show that the chymotrypsin effect is inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and not RNAasin, while the reverse is true for RNAase A. We further show that the differential sensitivity toward chymotrypsin is due to the association of a proteinase-resistant, heat-stable low molecular weight factor with the unactivated glucocorticoid receptor. When this factor is removed by warming, dialysis or molecular sieving of the receptor complex, the complex becomes sensitive to chymotrypsin. We also show that moderate chymotrypsin treatment yields a 6–7 S form of the receptor which is composed of, at least, RNA and the 4 S receptor. On the basis of these results, we propose that the 9–10 S receptor is composed of a low molecular weight stabilizing factor whose presence apparently alters the conformation of the complex such that the RNA and the RNA-binding site of the receptor are protected, a chymotrypsin-sensitive factor, RNA and the 4 S receptor itself.
A nonsemen copulatory fluid influences the outcome of sperm competition in Japanese quail

Sperm competition is a powerful and widespread evolutionary force that drives the divergence of behavioural, physiological and morphological traits. Elucidating the mechanisms governing differential fertilization success is a fundamental question of sperm competition. Both sperm and nonsperm ejaculate components can influence sperm competition outcomes. Here, we investigate the role of a nonsemen copulatory fluid in sperm competition. Male Japanese quail possess a gland that makes meringue-like foam. Males produce and store foam independent of sperm and seminal fluid, yet transfer foam to females during copulation. We tested whether foam influenced the outcome of sperm competition by varying foam state and mating order in competitive matings. We found that the presence of foam from one male decreased the relative fertilization success of a rival, and that foam from a given male increased the probability he obtained any fertilizations. Mating order also affected competitive success. Males mated first fertilized proportionally more eggs in a clutch and had more matings with any fertilizations than subsequent males. We conclude that the function of foam in sperm competition is mediated through the positive interaction of foam with a male's sperm, and we speculate whether the benefit is achieved through improving sperm storage, fertilizing efficiency or retention. Our results suggest males can evolve complex strategies to gain fertilizations at the expense of rivals as foam, a copulatory fluid not required for fertilization, nevertheless, has important effects on reproductive performance under competition.
Sex differences in processing speed: Developmental effects in males and females

The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive abilities and selected achievement performance of females and males across the lifespan on standardization samples of broad cognitive abilities in 1987 participants (1102 females, 885 males) from the WJ III, 4253 participants (2014 males, 2239 females) from the WJ-R, and 4225 participants (1964 males and 2261 females) from the WJ-77. Preschool through adult cohorts were included in the analyses. The results indicated that males scored significantly lower on estimates of Gs (processing speed) in all three normative samples, with the largest difference evident in adolescent subgroups. A secondary finding was significantly higher scores for males on estimates of comprehension knowledge (Gc) in all three samples. Follow-up analyses of the achievement tests also indicated lower performance for males on speeded tests such as reading fluency and writing fluency. There was a high degree of concordance across tests and no sex difference was observed in overall estimates of general intellectual ability (GIA) on the WJ III. The educational implications of these findings are discussed with an emphasis on the adolescent (high school) cohort.
Mobilizers and Challengers Toward a Theory of New Party Success

Since 1918, thirty-one new parties have entered the Dutch Parliament including nine of the twelve parties currently represented. Although the low threshold of the Dutch electoral system makes it re...
Determination of Musty Odor Compounds Produced by Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces odorifer

White potatoes and corn meal bread were treated with Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces odorifer and stored 3 or 5 days at 30 ± 3°C with the objective of studying the growth of the two actinomycetes cultures and the distribution and nature of musty odor compounds that they may produce. Actinomycetes represented 11 - 14% of the total plate count after storage. Although judges rated treated samples as significantly (p < 0.05) more musty, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the actinomycetes cultures studied did not produce geosmin or 2- methyl-isoborneol, two important musty odor compounds.
“Affluencers” by Bravo: Defining an Audience Through Cross-Promotion

This article investigates the use of cross-promotional strategies by the cable television channel Bravo to define a specific target audience and encourage them to become fans of the channel, not just of a single program. Bravo's discursive construction of its audience as “affluencers” centers around its strategy of featuring prototypic affluencers in its programming, a tactic reinforced through cross-promotional efforts. Cross-promotion operates as a powerful tool in Bravo's work to discursively define and concentrate the audience commodity it in turn sells to advertisers. The project expands existing midlevel critical media industry research by examining the specific strategic uses of cross-promotion on cable.
On the Problems of Discovering what's Really New in Public Administration

This short essay is a rejoinder to the article by H. George Frederickson titled "The Lineage of the New Public Administration, " which appeared in the August 1976 issue of Administration and Society.
Coffee consumption and serum lipids: A randomized, crossover clinical trial☆

Abstract purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consuming three or more cups of filter-brewed coffee per day on levels of serum lipids. subjects and methods: A prospective, randomized crossover clinical trial was performed. Twenty-one healthy white male subjects completed the trial, and consumed an average of 3.6 cups of coffee a day. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance for repeated measures and t-test for paired means. results: No effect of coffee consumption on serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or apolipoprotein B was found. Diet, creamer use, and cigarette use as well as group assignment and time factors were controlled for in the analysis. conclusion: We found no effect of moderate consumption of filter-brewed coffee on serum levels of atherogenic lipids. This study supports previous work that filtered coffee has no adverse effect on serum lipids. This has far-reaching implications given the widespread use of coffee and the current concern over coronary risk factors.
Picosecond ballistic imaging of diesel injection in high-temperature and high-pressure air

The first successful demonstration of picosecond ballistic imaging using a 15-ps-pulse-duration laser in diesel sprays at temperature and pressure is reported. This technique uses an optical Kerr effect shutter constructed from a CS2 liquid cell and a 15-ps pulse at 532 nm. The optical shutter can be adjusted to produce effective imaging pulses between 7 and 16 ps. This technique is used to image the near-orifice region (first 3 mm) of diesel sprays from a high-pressure single-hole fuel injector. Ballistic imaging of dodecane and methyl oleate sprays injected into ambient air and diesel injection at preignition engine-like conditions are reported. Dodecane was injected into air heated to 600 °C and pressurized to 20 atm. The resulting images of the near-orifice region at these conditions reveal dramatic shedding of the liquid near the nozzle, an effect that has been predicted, but to our knowledge never before imaged. These shedding structures have an approximate spatial frequency of 10 mm−1 with lengths from 50 to 200 μm. Several parameters are explored including injection pressure, liquid fuel temperature, air temperature and pressure, and fuel type. Resulting trends are summarized with accompanying images.
Chemisorption on Transition-Metal Surfaces: Electronic Structure

A simple phenomenological model is used to develop a formalism for chemisorption on transition-metal surfaces. The model includes the Coulomb correlation on both the substrate atoms and the adatom. Nonorthogonality of the metal and adatom wave functions is allowed for through overlap integrals. The analysis provides condition for the existence of local moment on the adatom and can thus distinguish between the applicability of the existing molecular-orbital and Heitler-London approaches. In view of the growing wealth of reliable photoemission data, emphasis is laid on the electronic structure of the chemisorbed atom and substrate, rather than the binding energy. Though a detailed analysis of the data at the moment is hindered due to the unavailability of surface density of states of the clean substrate, simple use of the experimental value of the center of the occupied narrow $d$ band leads to self-consistent values of various parameters. This reflects on the importance of the substrate correlation effects in chemisorbtion on narrow-band-metal surfaces.
Low-Cost Acoustic Array for Small UAV Detection and Tracking

This paper describes a low-cost acoustic array designed to locate and track small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The goal of this project was to create an inexpensive array with dynamically placed microphones that could detect and locate broadband sources in the far-field through algorithms for array calibration and beamforming. Experiments performed using remote controlled airplanes in an open field demonstrated favorable results.
Crystallographic aspects of L10 magnetic materials

In this paper we present an overview of various features of the structure of L10 magnetic phase. We discuss the various microstructural features which occur in these materials due to the changes in symmetry (translational and orientational domains) as well as the relationship between the crystal symmetry and features such as the thermodynamic order of the disorder to order phase transition. We also show the various ways that the magnetic moments of the elements align themselves in these alloys producing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials. Finally we discuss the way that the atomic order, composition and magnetic order affect the Curie temperatures of the FePd L10 alloys.
Quantitative variation in vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression during early flexor tendon healing: an investigation in a canine model

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mediator of angiogenesis, with direct mitogenic activity on cells of endothelial origin. We quantified the temporal accumulation of VEGF mRNA at the repair site of an in vivo canine intrasynovial flexor tendon repair and rehabilitation model by means of quantitative Northern blot analysis, in order to detail a molecular signal involved in the intrinsic angiogenic process that accompanies early flexor tendon healing. Significant accumulation of VEGF mRNA occurred at the flexor tendon repair site at 7 days post-operatively, with peak levels seen at post-operative days 7 and 10. Levels returned to baseline by day 14. Local VEGF mRNA accumulation at the repair site temporally precedes and is spatially distinct from the vascular ingrowth itself, which has been shown to occur maximally at day 17. These data suggest that cells within the flexor tendon repair site are involved in molecular processes other than the synthesis of extracellular matrix, such as modulation of angiogenesis.
Précis of How Children Learn the Meanings of Words

Normal children learn tens of thousands of words, and do so quickly and efficiently, often in highly impoverished environments. In How Children Learn the Meanings of Words, I argue that word learning is the product of certain cognitive and linguistic abilities that include the ability to acquire concepts, an appreciation of syntactic cues to meaning, and a rich understanding of the mental states of other people. These capacities are powerful, early emerging, and to some extent uniquely human, but they are not special to word learning. This proposal is an alternative to the view that word learning is the result of simple associative learning mechanisms, and it rejects as well the notion that children possess constraints, either innate or learned, that are specifically earmarked for word learning. This theory is extended to account for how children learn names for objects, substances, and abstract entities, pronouns and proper names, verbs, determiners, prepositions, and number words. Several related topics are also discussed, including naive essentialism, children's understanding of representational art, the nature of numerical and spatial reasoning, and the role of words in the shaping of mental life.
Do biomass burning aerosols intensify drought in equatorial Asia during El Niño

Abstract. During El Nino years, fires in tropical forests and peatlands in equatorial Asia create large regional smoke clouds. We characterized the sensitivity of these clouds to regional drought, and we investigated their effects on climate by using an atmospheric general circulation model. Satellite observations during 2000–2006 indicated that El Nino-induced regional drought led to increases in fire emissions and, consequently, increases in aerosol optical depths over Sumatra, Borneo and the surrounding ocean. Next, we used the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) to investigate how climate responded to this forcing. We conducted two 30 year simulations in which monthly fire emissions were prescribed for either a high (El Nino, 1997) or low (La Nina, 2000) fire year using a satellite-derived time series of fire emissions. Our simulations included the direct and semi-direct effects of aerosols on the radiation budget within the model. We assessed the radiative and climate effects of anthropogenic fire by analyzing the differences between the high and low fire simulations. Fire aerosols reduced net shortwave radiation at the surface during August–October by 19.1±12.9 W m−2 (10%) in a region that encompassed most of Sumatra and Borneo (90° E–120° E, 5° S–5° N). The reductions in net shortwave radiation cooled sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and land surface temperatures by 0.5±0.3 and 0.4±0.2 °C during these months. Tropospheric heating from black carbon (BC) absorption averaged 20.5±9.3 W m−2 and was balanced by a reduction in latent heating. The combination of decreased SSTs and increased atmospheric heating reduced regional precipitation by 0.9±0.6 mm d−1 (10%). The vulnerability of ecosystems to fire was enhanced because the decreases in precipitation exceeded those for evapotranspiration. Together, the satellite and modeling results imply a possible positive feedback loop in which anthropogenic burning in the region intensifies drought stress during El Nino.
Development of improved Li-ion battery model incorporating thermal and rate factor effects

This paper presents development of an improved electrical circuit based Li-ion battery model using AMESim. This model considers charge extraction due to current, battery capacity, and effect of internal resistance and extends the thermal aspects which represent temperature rise in the core and crust. The thermal aspects that characterize the temperature rise in core and crust and its effects on the internal resistance and discharge rate factor affecting the terminal voltage of the battery along with the charge extracted are incorporated. The characteristics of the proposed model was compared with published data and showed good correlation.
A model predictive control strategy for supply chain management in semiconductor manufacturing under uncertainty

Model predictive control (MPC) is presented as a tactical decision module for supply chain management in semiconductor manufacturing. A representative problem which includes distinguishing features of semiconductor manufacturing supply chains, such as material reconfiguration and stochastic product splits, is examined. Fluid analogies are used to model the supply chain dynamics, with stochasticity and nonlinearity occurring on the throughput time, yield and customer demand. Given inventory targets and capacity limits, MPC using linear time invariant models can make the system outputs track the targets and improve customer service levels. The flexibility provided by the choice of tuning parameters in MPC to achieve better performance and robustness in semiconductor manufacturing supply chain management is demonstrated.
High Affinity Histamine-binding and Antihistaminic Activity of the Salivary Nitric Oxide-carrying Heme Protein (Nitrophorin) of Rhodnius prolixus

The salivary glands of Rhodnius prolixus contain a nitrosyl-heme protein, named nitrophorin, that releases the vasodilatory and antiplatelet compound nitric oxide (NO). Because imidazole compounds such as histamine can interact with Fe(III) heme proteins, we investigated whether such substances could interact with Rhodnius nitrophorins. Both imidazole and histamine, but not histidine can produce full of the difference spectra of the Soret band in the 1-3 microM concentration range (at a heme protein concentration of 0.4 microM). The apparent K0.5 for the binding of histamine with the heme protein is below 1 microM. Furthermore, the complex histamine-heme protein does not dissociate after molecular sieving chromatography. To investigate whether histamine could displace NO from the native nitrosyl nitrophorins, histamine was added to the native heme proteins, leading to displacement of the bound NO as observed by changes in the absorption spectra as well as by the production of nitrite. Finally, the antihistamine effect of the heme protein was demonstrated by its inhibition of the histamine-provoked contractures of the guinea pig ileum. It is concluded that histamine, a common autacoid found at the site of injury and exposure to antigenic substances such as the site of feeding by hematophagous arthropods, can be scavenged by the nitrosyl nitrophorin of R. prolixus, which, in return, will release the vasodilatory and platelet inhibiting NO to counteract the host hemostatic response.
Kinetics of growth on aqueous — oil and aqueous — solid dispersed systems

Dispersed phase continuous culture systems are very complicated. Indeed, they can differ considerably in their behaviour from the usual homogeneous continuous culture systems. Experimental studies on cell adsorption-desorption rates under various conditions of surfactant concentrations and droplet coalescence and break-up is needed in order to understand fully the mechanism of substrate utilisation in these continuous systems.
Effective Coordination of Medical and Supportive Services

For at least the past quarter century, tension between “medical/allied health” and “social” models of care have characterized much of the home-care policy debate. There has also emerged a growing body of research and boundary-bending care models based on a holistic view of care recipients and caregiving. Such models coordinate between medical care and expanded supportive community services (SCS) that range from assistance with lifestyle modification, self-care, and informal care to adult-day services and home-health care. This article presents a new rationale for these models based on disablement theory and recent accounts of fairness in health policy. This approach is contrasted with the efficiency and efficacy policy perspectives that have received the most attention. The implications of an equal-opportunity approach to home-care policy for performance indicators are explored. Six basic models of coordination and current evidence on their impacts are described from this new perspective. Using qualitativ...
Distributed control of mobility & routing in networks of robots

Most coordinated tasks performed by teams of mobile robots, require reliable communications between the members of the team. Therefore, task accomplishment requires that robots navigate their environment with their collective movement restricted to formations that guarantee integrity of the communication network. Maintaining this communication capability induces physical constraints on trajectories but also requires determination of communication variables like routes and transmitted powers. In this paper, we address this problem using a distributed hybrid approach, where continuous motion controllers based on potential fields interact with discrete distributed optimization of the communication variables to result in a muti-robot network that ensures integrity of communications. Our definition of network integrity is defined as the ability of a network to support desired communication rates.
Diurnal exposure profile in rats from dietary administration of a chemical (doxazosin) with a short half‐life: Interplay of age and diurnal feeding pattern

Doxazosin, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, has a plasma half-life in male rats of 1-2 h after i.v. administration. Plasma concentrations of doxazosin were measured in male rats receiving the drug mixed in the diet at dose levels from 5 to 40 mg kg-1. Samples taken at 4-h intervals during the light (0700-1900) and dark phases revealed peak concentrations at 0400 which were only about three times higher than the trough concentrations observed ca. 12 h later. The 24-h area under the curve (AUC) values increased disproportionately with dose and with age from 2 months up to 8 months of age; thereafter they were fairly stable to 24 months of age. This age-related effect may have been due to a reduction in clearance and/or a change in the feeding pattern of the rats. Young rats consumed ca. 84% and old rats only 45% of their daily feed during the nocturnal (active) phase. Given the known diurnal rhythms in absorption, protein binding and enzyme metabolising activity, such a change in feeding pattern with age may have wider toxicokinetic implications.
The effect of the unstirred layer on human red cell water permeability.

A study has been made of water entry into human red blood cells under an osmotic pressure gradient. The measurements were made using a rapid reaction stop flow apparatus, whose construction, calibration, and performance are described in detail. Red cell volume changes were determined from 90° scattered light. The permeability coefficient for water entry under a relative isosmolar concentration of 1 to 1.5 was found to be 0.22 ± 0.01 cm4/sec osmol, which agrees well with our previously published value. The experiments were also designed to measure the thickness of the unstirred layer around the6 red cells. This was found to be 5.5 ± 0.8 µ under the present experimental conditions. It is concluded that our previously measured permeability coefficient for water entrance under a diffusion gradient does not require correction on account of the unstirred layer.
Maternal Cohabitation and Educational Success.

Despite the dramatic increase in children's experiences in cohabiting families, little is known about how living in such families affects children's academic success. Extrapolating from two theoretical frameworks that have been commonly used to explain the association between parental divorce and educational outcomes, the authors constructed competing hypotheses about the effect of maternal cohabitation on educational expectations, achievement, and attainment. The analysis of data from the National Survey of Families and Households shows that children who lived with cohabiting mothers fared exceptionally poorly and sometimes were significantly worse off than were children who lived with divorced or remarried mothers. The authors conclude that studies that have ignored cohabitation have probably overestimated the negative effects of divorce on educational outcomes. High levels of family instability that are associated with cohabitation may be one reason why children whose mothers cohabit do less well than ...
Ten commandments for long-term maintenance of acceptable self-help skills for persons who are hard-core stutterers

Abstract Hard-core stutterers require long-term self-help maintenance skills. In spite of how successful the laboratory achievement of fluency skills is, it is inevitable that some stuttering either remains or returns after termination of therapy. Most successful programs develop self-help skills so that the severe stutterer can continue to generate acceptable speech. This maintenance program is intended to complement any therapy and integrates the stutterers self-help skills into his or her life-style.
Decoding algebraic-geometric codes using Grobner bases

Developments in coding theory have seen two ideas for generalizing Reed-Solomon codes to obtain better codes: multidimensional cyclic (MDC) coder, and algebraic-geometric (AG) codes. In MDC codes, polynomials in several variables take the place of univariate polynomials. In AG codes, the concept of a polynomial in one variable is generalized to a rational function on an algebraic curve. Grobner bases have proved to be a useful tool both in the theory of multivariate polynomials, and in computations involving them. Therefore it is natural that they play an central role in decoding algorithms for MDC and AG codes. We present two decoding algorithms based on Grobner bases which generalize well-known algorithms for decoding Reed-Solomon codes. >
A covering system whose smallest modulus is 40

Abstract Text Paul Erdős, in 1950, asked whether for each positive integer N there exists a finite set of congruence classes, with distinct moduli, covering the integers, whose smallest modulus is N. In this vein, we construct a covering system of the integers with smallest modulus N = 40 . Video For a video summary of this paper, please visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ev1YjVl0RY .
USE OF WOODY DEBRIS BY COTTON MICE (PEROMYSCUS GOSSYPINUS) IN A SOUTHEASTERN PINE FOREST

in diameter (P , 0.05) and more highly decomposed (P , 0.001) than stumps randomly selected at the study area. Nighttime telemetry locations of 4 of 8 cotton mice were closer to large (10 cm diameter) fallen logs than expected by chance (P , 0.05), whereas locations of no mice were farther from logs than expected. Pathways of cotton mice crossed woody debris (including logs of all sizes) for a greater distance than random transects at the study area (P , 0.05). Logs used by powder-tracked mice were longer than randomly selected logs (P , 0.01). Extensive and selective use suggests that woody debris, particularly in the form of large logs and stumps, is an important habitat component for the cotton mouse in southeastern pine forests.
An Overview of Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases Including Immunotherapy

A significant number of individuals are affected by autoimmune diseases, which are caused by aberrant recognition of self by the immune system. A wide variety of cells and organ systems are targets of pathologic activation of the immune mediators. Effective and safe therapies aimed at managing the chronic inflammatory aspect of many autoimmune diseases remain elusive. This review will focus on the available interventions and discuss the future of the field to prevent organ destruction by the autoimmune process.
Enhanced external counterpulsation: what can we learn from the treatment of neurasthenia?

Neurasthenia is defined by the Columbia Encyclopedia as “a condition characterized by general lassitude, irritability, lack of concentration, worry, and hypochondria.” The term was introduced into psychiatry in 1869 by G. M. Beard, an American neurologist. Used by Freud to describe a “
Attentional Effects on Adaptation of Rotary Motion in the Plane

The effect of attention on the adaptation effects produced by stimuli rotating in the picture plane was examined in five experiments. In experiment 1, subjects performed a task either on a rotating adapting stimulus or on an irrelevant distractor stimulus. Adaptation of a subsequent ambiguous test stimulus was greater when the adapting stimulus was attended than when the irrelevant stimulus was attended. In experiments 2, 3, and 5, two adapting stimuli were presented, rotating in opposite directions, and subjects attended to one or the other. The direction of rotation of the ambiguous test stimulus depended on which adapting stimulus was attended. In experiment 4, the influence of eye movements in producing adaptation in ambiguous motion displays was determined by contrasting the effects of adaptation produced by dual adaptation stimuli rotating in the same or opposite direction. Adaptation effects were not predicted by eye movement hypotheses.
Recent Progress in α1-Adrenoceptor Pharmacology

The adrenoceptors (ARs) play a key role in the modulation of sympathetic nervous system activity and are a site of action for many clinically important therapeutic agents. The alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha1A-, alpha1B-, and alpha1D-AR) play a prominent role in regulating vascular tone and hypertrophic growth of smooth muscle and cardiac cells. Their functional characteristics with respect to ligand binding and second messenger utilization have been well described. Here, we review recent progress on subtype-specific subcellular localization, participation in signaling cascades, and the pivotal function of alpha1-ARs, as delineated through studies on genetically engineered animals. Together, these findings will provide new insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the alpha1-ARs.
Selective Hydrogenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayer-Coated Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts

Pd/Al2O3 catalysts coated with various thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used to direct the partial hydrogenation of 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, yielding a product stream enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (with low saturated fatty acid content), a favorable result for increasing the oxidative stability of biodiesel. The uncoated Pd/Al2O3 catalyst quickly saturated all fatty acid reactants under hydrogenation conditions, but the addition of alkanethiol SAMs markedly increased the reaction selectivity to the monounsaturated product oleic acid to a level of 80–90%, even at conversions >70%. This effect, which is attributed to steric effects between the SAMs and reactants, was consistent with the relative consumption rates of linoleic and oleic acid using alkanethiol-coated and uncoated Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. With an uncoated Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, each fatty acid, regardless of its degree of saturation had a reaction rate of ∼0.2 mol reactant consumed per mole of surface palladium per ...
78 ADRENOCEPTOR BLOCKERS AND FOCAL VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA DURING CORONARY ARTERY OCCLUSION.

Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) of focal endocardial and Purkinje origin occurs in humans. Pharmacological blockade of adrenoceptors on endocardial tissues may selectively prevent the induction of focal VT. We tested the hypothesis that alpha adrenoceptor blocker WB4101(WB), beta-1 receptor blocker metoprolol (Met), and beta-2 receptor blocker ICI 118,511(ICI) prevent the induction of focal ischemic VT and evaluated possible mechanisms. Methods Fifty alpha chloralose anesthetized dogs with 1 to 4 hours of coronary artery occlusion (CAO) were involved. Twenty-three multipolar plunge electrodes were placed in and surrounding the risk zone of anterior descending coronary artery. three-dimensional activation mapping off-line helped to identify the origin of VT. If VT was reproducibly induced, WB (0.3 μg/kg, IV), Met (1 mg/kg), or ICI (0.2 mg/kg, IV) was given. The effects of blockers on delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and triggered activity (TA) recorded from endocardium and Purkinje tissue excised from the focal origin of VT were studied in vitro by standard microelectrode techniques. Results Eleven dogs were given WB; two had VTs blocked with the same or more extrastimuli. Twelve dogs were received ICI; only 3 had VT blocked, which were no different compared to focal endocardial or Purkinje VT in dogs with saline treatment, of which 1 of 12 had apparent block ( p = ns). However, 7 of 15 dogs given Met had focal VT blocked, which was different from the saline treated ( p -7 M, in 2 of 6, p = ns), ICI (10 -7 M, in 0 of 4, p = ns) and Met (10 -7 M, in 6 of 8, p Conclusions Pharmacological blockade of beta-1 adrenoceptor in acute ischemia selectively prevents induction of focal VT due to DADs and TA but alpha adrenoceptor and beta-2 receptor blockade does not.
Discovery and Optimization of a Series of Pyrimidine-Based Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Inhibitors through Fragment Screening, Structure-Based Design, and Parallel Synthesis

Screening of a fragment library for PDE10A inhibitors identified a low molecular weight pyrimidine hit with PDE10A Ki of 8700 nM and LE of 0.59. Initial optimization by catalog followed by iterative parallel synthesis guided by X-ray cocrystal structures resulted in rapid potency improvements with minimal loss of ligand efficiency. Compound 15h, with PDE10A Ki of 8.2 pM, LE of 0.49, and >5000-fold selectivity over other PDEs, fully attenuates MK-801-induced hyperlocomotor activity after ip dosing.
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EMBEDDED- ATOM-METHOD FUNCTION OF TITANIUM AND TEMPERATURE

Temperature-dependent embedded-atom-method (EAM) functions of hcp titanium have been determined by fitting to the lattice constants and elastic constants corresponding to various temperatures, and also by considering the universal Rose's relation. The EAM functions thus obtained satisfy the stable structure requirement and Cauchy discrepancy. This work shows that EAM functions do have temperature-dependence,and provides EAM functions of titanium for the study of Ti-based metallic materials under various temperatures.
The Plautdietsch Vowel Shift Across Space and Time

This paper provides an account of the long vowel shift currently underway in the trans-statal Plautdietsch speech community. Placement of the shift within Labov’s typology of vowel shifts reveals a commonly overlooked development in Plautdietsch vowel movement, namely the centralization of mid-high back vowels which must have occurred before the breakup of the community into New and Old World groups. Shared centralization prompted both groups to have similar developments in the back vowel space after they were no longer geographically contiguous and prompted many groups to undergo centralization in the front vowel space. This case study reveals a pattern of innovation in which separation from parent communities fosters linguistic innovations in daughter communities. These innovations occur irrespective of the traditional Molotschna or Chortitza dialect affiliation of the daughter colonies in question.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Power Law Process Model for Multiple Repairable Systems with an Application to Supercomputer Reliability

Hardware failure data from the Blue Mountain supercomputer are analyzed using nonhomogenous Poisson process models fitted using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods within a hierarchical Bayesian framework. A variety of simulations are used to compare time-truncated and failure-count designs and to evaluate hierarchical modeling of multiple repairable systems as compared to separate modeling of such systems.
Platelet Function Testing Is Commonly Performed in Patients with Known Confounding Factors

Abstract Introduction: Commonly used platelet function tests include Platelet Function Analyzer -100 Closure Time (PFA-100), used as a screening test, and platelet aggregation testing by Light Transmission Aggregometry (LTA), which can help differentiate between various types of platelet function defects and guide further testing. In this study, we assessed the indications for platelet aggregation testing at our center, and the effect of factors that may interfere with the outcomes of testing. Methods: This was a retrospective electronic medical records based study in which we included all patients in our healthcare network who had platelet aggregation testing done using LTA between August 2008 and August 2013. Routine descriptive measures were used for frequencies and proportions. McNemar test was used for comparison of paired nominal variables and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of paired continuous variables. P value Results: Four hundred ninety seven patients had platelet aggregation testing performed during the 5-yr study period. Among these, 315 (63%) patients had antecedent screening with PFA-100 with 157 (31%) showing at least one abnormality. Two hundred forty nine (50%) patients underwent some form of further testing after LTA, including VWF analysis (42%), platelet flow cytometry (19%) and/or electron microscopy (1%). Two hundred fifty six (51%) patients had at least one factor previously known or suspected to interfere with platelet aggregation testing (platelet count Conclusions: A majority of the patients in our study did not have abnormalities in PFA-100 testing despite abnormal results on subsequent platelet aggregometry. Fifty one percent of patients who underwent aggregometry were on medications that may affect platelet function or had other factors known or suspected to interfere with aggregation testing. Eighty percent of these patients had abnormal results. Repeat testing after correction of the known factor(s) led to a significant improvements in the results of LTA. The most common indication for platelet aggregation testing was a current or past history of abnormal spontaneous bleeding and the most common sites of bleeding in these patients were the skin and mucosal surfaces. Disclosures McCrae: Momenta: Consultancy; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Syntimmune: Consultancy; Halozyme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
A multilevel tungsten interconnect technology

A multilevel tungsten (W) interconnect technology which is inherently planar has been developed to meet metallisation requirements for VLSI. The W interconnect technology relies on implanting Si into oxide channels, which are later selectively filled with W. The technology has been extended to realize three levels of W metallization. Its advantages include a planar surface after each level of metallization, self-aligned and stacked vias, and high resistance to electromigration. The minimum metal pitch is 2 mu m at all levels. Line resistivity is approximately 7 mu Omega -cm, and contact resistance is less than 0.5 Omega /contact. >
Pathways to Terror: Teaching 9/11 Fiction

This chapter focuses on the growing subset of genre fiction that we might call ‘9/11 fiction’. The coordinated terrorist attacks that took place on 11 September 2001 resulted in almost 3000 deaths, the largest death toll of any terrorist attack in history. Writers have been trying to assess the impact and implications of the attacks ever since. ‘Though a glut of material has appeared on the subject of September 11’, the writer Joyce Carol Oates observed in 2006, ‘very few writers of fiction have taken up the challenge and still fewer have dared to venture close to the actual event’ (Oates 2006: 33). This assessment now seems premature at best. At least one short story about the events of 9/11 appeared as early as 2002—John Updike’s ‘The Varieties of Religious Experience’ (2002)—but around the same time that Oates complained about a dearth of fiction on the subject, novels and short stories about 9/11 started appearing regularly, marking a new literary genre.
Survey of Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Techniques for Mooc-Based Applications

Massive Open Online Courses MOOCs are commonly hosted as web servers for learners worldwide to access education and learning materials at low cost. Many of the well-known MOOCs have adopted open source software and database technologies and frequently operate within cloud environments. It is likely that the well-known software security vulnerabilities may manifest to MOOC-based applications. Unfortunately, few studies have identified a set of common vulnerabilities applicable to MOOC-based applications. This paper1 presents an exploratory study of potential security vulnerabilities and challenges for MOOC platforms, and it provide some guidelines and suggestions to mitigate these concerns. This study helps practitioners educators and developers to adopt MOOC applications while considering potential vulnerabilities and be prepared to deal with these risks.
A New Century and a New Era – Kharkov,St. Petersburg

This chapter covers the acrimonous disputes arising during Johann Schad’s tenure in Kharkov as well as the dissertations on Kant written under his supervision. In the capital of St. Petersburg, Aleksandr Kunicyn, who taught natural law, published a text condemning serfdom on Kantian grounds, setting off an official firestorm against Kantianism. However, even those who had opposed Kantianism on philosophical grounds did not escape the reactionary religious movement.
California sea lions are capable of semantic comprehension.

Two California sea lions (a 6-year-old female, Rocky, and a 3-year-old male, Bucky) were trained in a symbolic matching paradigm. Gestural signs produced by movements of the trainer’s arms and hands referred to types of objects, modifiers, and actions. Both sea lions were eventually trained with three-sign constructions consisting of Modifier + Object + Action in that order. An example of a three-sign sequence is Black Ball Mouth [glossed as “go over to the black ball (and not the gray or white balls or the black, white, and gray pipes) and place your open mouth on it]. Rocky’s modifiers consisted of size and color attributes, and Bucky’s modifiers consisted of different locations of the objects. After 24 months of training, Rocky had a comprehension vocabulary of 20 signs (5 modifiers, 10 objects, and 5 actions), and after 20 months of training, Bucky had a comprehension vocabulary of 16 signs (2 modifiers, 8 objects, and 6 actions). Semantic comprehension is considered to be demonstrated if an organism can follow directions when each sign is contrasted with every other in a series of commands. Currently, Rocky’s semantic comprehension consists of 190 three-sign combinations, and Bucky’s semantic comprehension consists of 64 three-sign combinations.
Suicide Risk Among Transgender People: A Prevalent Problem in Critical Need of Empirical and Theoretical Research.

Abstract Transgender individuals are at increased risk for suicide relative to nontransgender people. Despite this, research on transgender people's risk for suicide mirrors their marginalization at the societal level; there is simply not enough research dedicated to understanding increased suicide risk among transgender people. This article presents a brief review of what is known regarding the prevalence and correlates of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors among transgender people and offers perspective regarding what theories of suicide may be pertinent to understanding and addressing increased suicide risk within this population. We also summarize strengths and limitations of the current body of work to provide impetus for additional and improved research on this important problem.
A meta-analysis of the survival-processing advantage in memory

The survival-processing advantage occurs when processing words for their survival value improves later performance on a memory test. Due to the interest in this topic, we conducted a meta-analysis to review the literature regarding the survival-processing advantage, in order to estimate a bias-corrected effect size. Traditional meta-analytic methods were used, as well as the test of excess significance, p-curve, p-uniform, trim and fill, PET-PEESE, and selection models, to reevaluate previous effect sizes while controlling for forms of small-study-size effects. The average effect sizes for survival processing ranged between η p2 = .06 and .09 for between-subjects experiments and between η p2 = .15 and .18 for within-subjects experiments, after correcting for potential bias and selective reporting. Overall, researchers can expect to find medium to large survival-processing effects, with selective reporting and bias-correcting techniques typically estimating lower effect sizes than traditional meta-analytic techniques.
Throughput aware and green energy aware user association in heterogeneous networks

Greening information and communications technology is becoming an environmental and economic sine qua non, and has attracted much research attention. For a cellular network, base stations (BSs) incur more than 50% of the energy consumption of the whole network. Therefore, BSs can be powered by green energy to reduce its on-grid power consumption. Meanwhile, the throughput has always been a critical issue in cellular networks. Since the throughput and energy consumption mutually affect each other, saving on-grid power is at the cost of sacrificing a certain amount of throughput. In this paper, we propose a Throughput Aware and Green Energy aware user association (TAGE) scheme in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) to optimize the trade-off between the throughput and on-grid power consumption. Meanwhile, we employ an energy-throughput coefficient α to control the energy-throughput tradeoff. The simulation results verify that TAGE improves the effective throughput and saves a significant amount of on-grid power for HCNs.
The less server architecture for cloud functions

Serverless execution model is becoming an increasingly prominent choice to host data processing applications. In this event-based model, predefined stateless functions are triggered for execution on an event when new data becomes available. We make two critical observations in this framework - first, data sources in the serverless framework are largely-consistent, causing lot of data duplication, and second, stateless functions are deterministic, i.e., they compute same result on multiple applications of duplicate data. Leveraging these two insights in this work, we introduce Sanity, a novel storage de-duplication framework for serverless platform that not only performs data de-duplication but also de-duplicates events to avoid redundant execution of stateless functions. This helps improve overall throughput of the serverless platform through execution of mostly unique functions. We present the design of Sanity for a continuous container vulnerability check use-case and discuss its performance implications.
The U.S. public dialogue on trade policy: An initial assessment

There has been little public dialogue in the United States on the implications of the evident trend toward greater worldwide economic, social and political integration. This trend, generally termed globalization, has occurred largely as the result of political decisions by states to reduce their ability to restrict trade and investment. This article explores the barriers which may be blocking such a dialogue and several options for lowering certain of these barriers. Unless such a dialogue begins in the near future, the ability of citizens to influence these trends may lost, with uncertain effects on governmental legitimacy.