cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cancer in inflammatory bowel disease is clearly increased in incidence in the intestinal tract, and probably in certain extraintestinal sites as well. The absolute number of patients developing such malignancies are low compared to overall cancer rates in the general population, but because of higher relative risks, younger ages of onset, distinctive clinicopathological features, and the difficulties of making a diagnosis, it is important that this complication of inflammatory bowel disease be widely appreciated. The prognosis today is no worse for colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis, and only slightly poorer for Crohn’s colorectal cancer (especially for those occurring in excluded bowel) than forde novo cancers of the large bowel, but it remains exceedingly poor for small bowel cancers in Crohn’s disease. Surveillance can probably be advised for ulcerative colitis-related colorectal cancers, but there is still doubt as to whether it will be costeffective or how it will affect prognosis and survival. There is even greater doubt concerning its role in monitoring patients with Crohn’s colorectal cancer, or small bowel cancers. A cooperative study of endoscopic surveillance to diagnose dysplasia or malignant change in the mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease has yet to be widely accepted as a worthwhile idea, much less actually designed or undertaken.
Career concerns for revealing misreporting

We examine whether revealing misreporting affects the careers of executives and independent directors. To isolate the effects of revealing misreporting from the underlying malfeasance, we analyze executives and directors who joined firms after stock option backdating ceased, but who were in place to determine how the firm would respond to the unfolding backdating crisis. Overall, these new executives and directors faced career penalties at firms that issued a backdating restatement relative to those at firms that remained silent despite strong evidence of backdating having occurred. We conduct a variety of tests to rule out alternative explanations, and conclude that new executives and directors face career penalties after firms reveal misreporting.
Impact of 3-D Printing Technology in Manufacturing Supply Lines to Improve Resilience During Black Swan Events

Abstract Purpose: Globalized networks of suppliers and manufacturing hubs may fail in the face of high impact and unpredictable events such as Hurricane Katrina, the 9/11 terrorist attack, the Fukushima disaster and the COVID-19 pandemic—known as black swan events. I examine how 3-D printing, a now widespread and powerful technology, may be relevant in this context. Originality: I show 3-D printing in the manufacturing sector will simplify complex and globalized networks thereby making them more resilient to black swan events. The findings of this review article are important for managers and chief supply chain officers in that they can better simplify the chains through the adoption of 3-D printing infrastructure, thereby insulating their businesses from the cascading effects of black swan events. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study looks into secondary data (collected from authentic data sources both public and private) sources. The thorough literature review to examine how the design of supply networks can be simplified to improve resilience to black swan events through the use of 3-D printing helps to better substantiate our argument. Findings: I find support for the hypothesis that the adoption of 3-D printing infrastructure in manufacturing supply chain infrastructure leads to simplification of the networks. It facilitates simplification through economies of scale, customization, co-production, better demand prediction, freedom in shape design, allowance for manufacturing postponement, fewer nodes and integration of functionalities to reduce steps in the chain. These contribute to improved resilience through a variety of mechanisms.
WHY MASSACHUSETTS SHOULD NOT RELEGATE PARENTS TO “LEGAL STRANGERS”1: A SURVEY OF THE MYRIAD INTERPRETATIONS OF THE ICPC

The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) is a well-intentioned statute that has led to anomalous and irrational results in courts across the country. The ICPC’s aim is to ensure that foster care placements by state agencies of children across state lines preliminary to adoption or placement in foster care are in the child’s best interests. However, certain courts have drastically expanded the ICPC’s reach to cover parental foster care placements. This Article discusses the split in case law, the reasons for limiting the ICPC in Massachusetts, and options for nervous courts, attorneys, and state agencies when sending a child across state lines. Ultimately, this Article argues that the ICPC is not the mechanism to utilize when placing a child with his or her parent across state lines.
Approximation, abstraction and decomposition in search and optimization

In this paper, I discuss four different areas of my research. One portion of my research has focused on automatic synthesis of search control heuristics for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). I have developed techniques for automatically synthesizing two types of heuristics for CSPs: Filtering functions are used to remove portions of a search space from consideration. Another portion of my research is focused on automatic synthesis of hierarchic algorithms for solving constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). I have developed a technique for constructing hierarchic problem solvers based on numeric interval algebra. Another portion of my research is focused on automatic decomposition of design optimization problems. We are using the design of racing yacht hulls as a testbed domain for this research. Decomposition is especially important in the design of complex physical shapes such as yacht hulls. Another portion of my research is focused on intelligent model selection in design optimization. The model selection problem results from the difficulty of using exact models to analyze the performance of candidate designs.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS INVESTIGATIONS USING MEDIUM ENERGY COINCIDENCE EXPERIMENTS

In the last decade, there has been considerable advantage in comparing information obtained in such reactions as (e,e′), (p,p′) and (π,π′). As the field of intermediate energy physics moves into the era where high precision coincidence experiments such as (e,e′p), (e,e;′π); (p,2p), (p,p′π); (π,π′p) and (π,2π) are performed, it seems useful to review the kinds of physics that will be investigated and the advantages of using electromagnetic and strong probes together. In general, the higher counting rates associated with strong projectiles make coincidence experiments with these probes somewhat easier. Thus, identifying interesting features first from such experiments may occur. On the other hand, studies of these features may depend on the use of the well understood but experimentally challenging electromagnetic probe coincidence experiments. We shall pursue this theme in some of the examples below. In the next section, we discuss possibilities using electromagnetic probe coincidence experiments. Following that, we present in sections III and IV some recent results using strong probes and some suggestions for future coincidence experiments. Finally, in the last section, we briefly summarize and suggest some joint studies using strong and electromagnetic exclusive reactions.
Steps toward Developing an Artificial Cell Signaling Model Applied to Distributed Fault Detection

Cell signaling mechanism provides robust immune response and protects our body from a wide variety of pathogens. This work attempts to develop an artificial signaling model inspired by biological signaling process and derived abstractions. In this paper, we described various aspects of immune cell signaling and their integration towards a system-level response. Based on these abstractions, we synthesized a simple artificial cell signaling model in order to solve fault detection with the objective to provide early detection of faulty system components, as well as the overall analysis of the distributed system.
Using Games and Folklore to Extend Children's Literature

One of the many ways to teach children's literature is by using folklore to teach about world cultures. Folklore is a vehicle to transmit knowledge from older to younger generations. The survival of folklore over the centuries is an indication of its interest and importance to both tellers and listeners. Folklore can make interesting lessons for children and can be easily adapted to educational games. By using these techniques, the creative teacher can focus on almost any aspect of a culture. Folklore comprises a huge body of literature that has proven reader appeal. Most folk literature is presented in a direct and simple style incorporating action and colorful characters that appeal to all levels of readers. Folklore provides an exciting door to the heart of any nation's history and culture. A teacher can choose from thousands of well-written, illustrated works that focus on almost any aspect of culture. Educational gaming is one of the methods introduced by educators such as Freidrick Froebel and John Dewey, both of whom postulated a learning-by-doingapproach. As an old Chinese proverb has it,
Community Policing and its Connection to Gangs

In October of 2010, a quasi-federal and local law enforcement operation cut-off a major drug trafficking enterprise. Operation Red Rein swept from the east coast to the west coast confiscating drugs, weapons and making multiple gang member arrests. In community policing, in order to maintain safe neighborhoods the police use confidential informants and neighbors to keep a watchful eye on criminal activity as a vital source of intelligence. Testimonial from the recently deceased death row inmate Stanley “Tookie” Williams’ like all other citizens wanted his neighborhood to be crime free and safe from thugs; so did the skinheads who evolved from this same social structure; and Latinos. (Bowen, 2008; Christian, 2006) Gangs originated from a form of community policing to intimidate outsiders and protect the community from thugs who were destroying lives with drugs and violence. According to Mr. Stanley Williams, his crew transformed or in his words he "morphed into what he was fighting - monsters" (Christian, 2006); persons filled with hate, violence, drugs and deviant behavior. In his anti-gang memoirs, he reiterated the facts that when neighbors are allowed to be vigilantes in the name of justice, they morph into criminals who are sometimes worse than those they are supposedly fighting. (Christian, 2006; Hardy, 2009; Wagner, 2001)Tighter controls are needed over power given to those in the community as well as assurance that civil rights are not trampled upon; because it is the government’s duty to contain crime and enforce the law. (Bush, 2007; Kenyan, 1999)
Archaeomalacology Revisited: Non-Dietary Use of Molluscs in Archaeological Settings

Over the past decade, interest in archaeomalacological research has grown tremendously among archaeologists across the world, stimulated by a remarkable number of recent journal articles, edited vo...
Size of liver particles emptied from the human stomach

Abstract The canine stomach empties meat as particles smaller than 0.5 mm. The present work was undertaken to determine whether fed liver enters the human intestine predominantly as small particles. In both human and canine subjects, a triple lumen (OD = 4 mm) tube was positioned with the ports beyond the ligament of Treitz, two attached to a Crosby bubble trap with 1.2-mm holes. The bubble trap effectively sampled only particles smaller than 0.8 mm. Polyethylene glycol and 0.1–0.5-mm particles of 51 Cr-chicken liver were perfused at a constant rate through the 3rd port, 25 cm proximal to the bubble trap. It was assumed that small particles of liver entering the perfused segment from above would be sampled in the same proportions as the perfused 51 Cr-liver particles, so the amount passing the bubble trap could be calculated from recovery of 51 Cr. Both dogs and humans were fed 60 g of steak + 30 g of 99m Tc-chicken liver in 10 mm cubes, + 100 ml H 2 O. In validation experiments in dogs and humans, there were good correlations between calculated recovery from the bubble trap and actual recovery. In humans, the rate at which aspiratable ( 99m Tc-chicken liver passed the bubble trap was compared with the rate at which 99m Tc-chicken liver particles of all sizes entered the bowel, as determined by measuring gastric emptying of 99m Tc with a gamma camera. When 5 human subjects were fed 10-mm cubes of 99m Tc-chicken liver, 76 ± 7% of the liver left the stomach in 3 h, while 72 ± 5% passed the jejunal sampling site as aspirable particles. When the same subjects ate the liver as aspiratable, 0.4-mm particles on another day, 66 ± 8% left the stomach in 3 h, while 58 ± 4% passed through the jejunum as aspiratable particles. By contrast, when 1.2–1.7-mm particles of 99m Tc chicken liver were instilled into the proximal duodenum, little liver could be aspirated from the jejunum. The findings indicate the human stomach, like the dog stomach, allows only small particles of meat to pass into the gut.
Amniotic fluid and maternal and cord serum levels of gentamicin after intra-amniotic instillation in patients with premature rupture of the membranes

weakly reactive. LE preparation was weakly positive on two occasions and normal once. Globulin immunoelectrophoresis showed a slightly elevated IgM. A blood volume determination showed a deficit of 500 ml. of whole blood. Gradually over the next 2 weeks, the cyanosis and the pain subsided and the joints became more mobile. Several ischemic ulcers developed on the palmar surface of the finger tips but over a period of a few weeks these ultimately healed and 2 years later the hands are asymptomatic and grossly normal. The only treatment consisted of low molecular weight dextran, 500 ml. per day, which was begun 5 days after admission to the hospital and was continued for 4 days,
Characterization of Two Forms of the 72,000 MW EBNA and a Cross-Reacting Cellular Protein

Human cells transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) express virally determined nuclear antigens designated EBNA. The major component of EBNA, identified by immunoblotting, is a polypeptide with a variable molecular weight ranging from 72,000 to 89,000 daltons depending on the resident EBV genome (Strnad et al. 1981, Spelsberg et al. 1982, Luka et al. 1983). Kieff and co-workers (Heller et al. 1982, Hennessy and Kieff, 1983, Hennessy et al. 1983), showed that the 72K EBNA was encoded from a region on EBV DNA which contained the IR3 repeat sequence. This region encodes for a glycine-alanine polymer. The correct reading frame for translation of this EBV gene is known from the nucleotide sequence of a fusion gene between IR3 and Lacz, since the fusion gene encodes for a protein with epitopes for EBNA (Hennessy and Kieff 1983). Human and mouse cell DNA have interspersed repeat elements related to this EBV triplet, but it is not known, if the cellular sequences encode protein.
Modeling Terahertz Plasmonic Si FETs With SPICE

As operating frequencies of Si FETs continue to grow, commercial circuit modeling tools must provide accurate simulations at very high frequencies with the ability to model plasmonic FETs in large and complex circuits. Traditional compact SPICE models used by commercial CAD tools model the channel resistance and capacitance and gate resistance as single lumped elements or use approximations to model the distributed nature of the FET channel. At high frequencies, these models become inaccurate and fail to model device physics properly. To describe plasmonic FETs, a THz SPICE model is developed for Si FETs. The THz SPICE model is validated experimentally to be in close agreement with measured results. The model is used to show predicted device response at different technology nodes.
Binding of Cu(II) to non-prosthetic sites in ceruloplasmin and bovine serum albumin.

Abstract The binding of Cu(II) to native human, porcine, bovine and ovine ceruloplasmin (Cp) and to bovine serum albumin (bSA) has been studied at pH 7.4, 30 mM barbital buffer. The results were analyzed for the strength and the number of binding sites using Scatchard plots. Evidence for additional copper binding sites in Cp and bSA was obtained suggesting a role for copper ion in the homeostatic regulation of Cu(II) and other metal ions in the serum. In the binding studies the Cp was freed of exogenous Cu(II) by passing it over a Chelex-100 column. Two flow rates were used, 4 ml/hr and 40 ml/hr, which removed Cu(II) of different affinities. Cp passed at the slower flow rate (Cp4) only contained the prosthetic copper atoms. Cp passed at the faster flow rate (Cp40) contained one additional copper atom with a Kga ∼ 107M−1. Another 2–6 Cu(II) ion could be added to the Cp40 with an average affinity of about Ka ∼ 105M−1. The Cu(II) ions found in Cp provide two distinguishable classes: (1) the prosthetic copper atoms and (2) the exogenous copper atoms that can be removed by Chelex-100. For bSA one copper atom was bound strongly with a Ka value approaching 1012–1013 M−1 and was not removed by Chelex-100 at any flow rate. A second copper atom was found with a Ka = 5.2 × 106M−1 and was removed by Chelex-100 at 4 ml/hr. Three additional copper atoms were bound with a Ka = 1.6 × 105 M−1; they were readily removed by Chelex-100 at 40 ml/hr but were nondialysable.
Analysis of Darcy Flow in Confined Porous Media Including Wall Effect

Effective cooling lies at the heart of reactor design and safe operation. Materials for cooling systems include solid porous media (e.g. metal foam). This is due to the large surface area per unit volume and the random internal structure of such porous medium. The former promotes heat exchange rates by providing large surface area, while the latter enhances it by providing vigorous mixing of the working fluid, which gives rise to what is called dispersion (an added mechanism of heat transfer). Hence, momentum transport in porous media is critical for heat transfer analysis, computation and design. Porous media are also used as storage of nuclear waste. In such applications, the porous medium is confined by solid boundaries. These impermeable boundaries give rise to shear stress and boundary layers, which strongly influence the velocity field and the pressure drop inside the porous medium. The velocity field directly influence the heat transfer rate, while the pressure drop determines the required pumping power. The Brinkman-extended Darcy equation describes the momentum transport due to fully developed Newtonian fluid flow in confined porous media. This equation is an extension of the famous Darcy equation, and it contains the viscous shear at the boundaries as well as the viscous shear on the internal surface of the porous medium. The equation is solved analytically inside and outside the boundary layer in a cylindrical porous-media system. As, expected, the volume-averaged velocity decays as the distance from the boundary increases. The mean and maximum velocities are obtained and their behavior is investigated in terms of the Darcy number and the ratio of the effective to the actual fluid viscosity. The friction factor is defined based on the mean velocity and is found to be inversely proportional to the Reynolds number, the Darcy number and the mean velocity. The analytical velocity can be directly substituted in the governing convection heat transfer equation to assess the heat transfer performance of confined cylindrical heat exchange systems.© 2011 ASME
Understanding the Strength of Gentleness: Soft-Skilled Leadership on the Rise

This paper focuses on the topic of “soft skills” as an intrinsic part of successful leadership. The first part of the paper presents a literature review about the shift in perspective in recent years on what matters in leadership, and the significant changes this prompted in some areas of education and corporate recruitment. In the second part, the findings of a year round study conducted among Los Angeles based workforce members in an MBA program are presented. By utilizing a multi-method approach, consisting of a survey model with three open ended, interview style questions, and data analysis in phenomenological trend, a number of interesting findings emerged, supporting the literature reviewed, that soft leadership skills, such as self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills, are steadily on the rise, and that greater attention should be apportioned to strengthen these skills in future leaders.
Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis with Dermatomyositis-Like Features: A More Common Disease Presentation than Previously Thought

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare form of non-Langerhans histiocytosis that presents with erosive arthritis and skin nodules. Approximately 25% of patients with MRH have an associated malignancy. Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory autoimmune condition that has also been associated with malignancy. To date, 7 cases of MRH have been reported to present with cutaneous features of dermatomyositis. We describe an eighth patient with MRH who presented with dermatomyositis-like features (V-neck erythema, shawl sign, Gottron's papules and periungual erythema), who developed metastatic breast cancer 1 year after diagnosis. We hypothesized that clinical overlap between MRH and dermatomyositis was not as uncommon as review of the literature suggested. Careful review of the physical exam findings and photographs of the 234 papers reporting MRH revealed 27 cases of MRH with dermatomyositis-like features. Of these 27 cases, 7 (26%) were associated with a malignancy. Skin biopsies of the cutaneous features mimicking dermatomyositis revealed pathologic features of MRH. This is a descriptive analysis of published case reports. Based on a review of published case reports, MRH presenting with dermatomyositis-like features is likely fairly common. Histological examination of skin biopsies allows for disease differentiation. Differentiating MRH from dermatomyositis is important for management decisions and comorbidity screening.
Numerical Modeling of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Plasma Thruster Experiment

We assessed the behavior and capabilities of a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic modeling code with a new tabular equation of state model for high-power pulsed plasma thrusters. The numerical results enabled detailed interpretation of the experimental data from a ∼10-kJ pulsed coaxial plasma accelerator with ablative breech insulator polytetrafluoroethylene. Our analysis showed that the initial conditions and ablation rate are critical to the behavior of the current sheet evolution in the numerical model. Qualitative agreement was obtained between the two-dimensional numerical model and experimental results, but there were significant quantitative discrepancies. The two-dimensional model indicates that some of the current remains trapped near the breech, because of the ablation of material off the breech boundary, which appears to be supported by the experimental data. The sensitivity of the model to initial prefill density (small in comparison with the ablated mass) and ablation rate suggests that future modeling efforts involving high-power ablative fed pulsed plasma thrusters using the approach discussed in the paper should include a first-principles ablation model, together with density, temperature, and ablation rate estimates from the experimental apparatus.
Effects of Interview Style and Witness Age on Perceptions of Children's Credibility in Sexual Abuse Cases

The present study concerned effects of interview style and victim age on perceptions of child victim/witnesses and defendant guilt. In 2 experiments, participants read written scenarios of child sexual abuse trials. The scenarios included a transcript of the child victim/ witness's forensic interview, in which questioning varied from less leading to highly leading. In Experiment 1, child age (4 years vs. 7 years) did not significantly influence guilt ratings, but mock jurors were less likely to convict the alleged perpetrator and less likely to rate the child as credible and reliable when testimony was elicited through a highly leading vs. an intermediately or less leading interview. The effect of interview style on guilt ratings replicated in Experiment 2 for a 4-year-old victim/witness but not a 7-year-old victim/witness. In both studies, women compared to men were more likely to convict the defendant and to believe the child. Implications for understanding jurors’ reactions to child victim/witness testimony are discussed.
Social capital and community participation among migrant workers in China

In China, rapid development has prompted massive migration from rural to urban areas. Migrants' participation in Urban Residents Committees (URCs) and other community organizations offers opportunities for the development of social capital and democracy in contemporary China. We use 2006 survey data from a stratified convenience sample of 3,024 migrant workers in 7 Chinese cities to examine individual and community social capital and their relation to 3 types of community participation: (a) amount of contact with community organizations, (b) frequency of help sought from community organizations, and (c) the rate of participation in URC meetings. Multiple regressions yield, among 12 measures of individual and community-focused social capital, only neighborhood interaction and organizational social capital as consistently and significantly associated for all 3 types of participation. Other measures were associated with certain types of participation, or were nonsignificant. Implications for migration policy, community participation, and social capital in China are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular recognition properties of IGS‐mediated reactions catalyzed by a Pneumocystis carinii group I intron

We report the development, analysis and use of a new combinatorial approach to analyze the substrate sequence dependence of the suicide inhibition, cyclization, and reverse cyclization reactions catalyzed by a group I intron from the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis carinii. We demonstrate that the sequence specificity of these Internal Guide Sequence (IGS)-mediated reactions is not high. In addition, the sequence specificity of suicide inhibition decreases with increasing MgCl2 concentration, reverse cyclization is substantially more sequence specific than suicide inhibition, and multiple reverse cyclization products occur, in part due to the formation of multiple cyclization intermediates. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that a base pair at position –4 of the resultant 5′ exon–IGS (P1) helix is crucial for tertiary docking of the P1 helix into the catalytic core of the ribozyme in the suicide inhibition reaction. In contrast to results reported with a Tetrahymena ribozyme, altering the sequence of the IGS of the P.carinii ribozyme can result in a marked reduction in tertiary stability of docking the resultant P1 helix into the catalytic core of the ribozyme. Finally, results indicate that RNA targeting strategies which exploit tertiary interactions could have low specificity due to the tolerance of mismatched base pairs.
Statistical model of meteor streams. III - Stream search among 19303 radio meteors.

Abstract Using a computerized technique of stream search, based on the statistical model of meteor streams, we have detected 72 additional streams in a sample of 19303 radio meteor orbits. The streams are found to have a tendency to cluster, partly along the ecliptic and partly in high-inclination orbits. Also noticed are specific relations among the detected streams, such as stream pairs, stream branches, and twin showers. A very probable association of a prominent stream, the a Capricornids, with the minor planet Adonis has been established, and possible associations of several streams with comets and minor planets of the Apollo and Albert types are also discussed. Identification of the detected radio streams with previously known streams is presented, and plans for future work are briefly outlined.
Piecewise smooth surface reconstruction

We present a general method for automatic reconstruction of accurate, concise, piecewise smooth surface models from scattered range data. The method can be used in a variety of applications such as reverse engineering—the automatic generation of CAD models from physical objects. Novel aspects of the method are its ability to model surfaces of arbitrary topological type and to recover sharp features such as creases and corners. The method has proven to be effective, as demonstrated by a number of examples using both simulated and real data.A key ingredient in the method, and a principal contribution of this paper, is the introduction of a new class of piecewise smooth surface representations based on subdivision. These surfaces have a number of properties that make them ideal for use in surface reconstruction: they are simple to implement, they can model sharp features concisely, and they can be fit to scattered range data using an unconstrained optimization procedure.
Facilitation of noradrenergic character of sympathetic neurons by co-culturing with heart cells

Abstract Noradrenergic properties of peripheral sympathetic neurons obtained from 10–12-day-old chick embryos were examined under various culture conditions. Sympathetic neurons supported by nerve growth factor in serum-free of serum-containing medium took up significant and almost equivalent amounts of [3H]norepinephrine. The uptake was markedly enhanced when neurons were co-cultured with heart cells, either in the absence or presence of nerve growth factor, for 3 days. The facilitatory effect of heart cells on the uptake was persistent only if the nerve growth factor was present. In its absence there was a gradual decrease in the uptake. Endogenous norepinephrine content was increased by several fold when sympathetic neurons were grown with either heart cells or in a medium conditioned by the heart cells. Sympathetic neurons initially selected in culture by nerve growth factor in regular medium and then exposed to a conditioned medium for 3 days exhibited a marked facilitation of [3H]norepinephrine uptake. The number of surviving neurons was almost constant when culture media were changed. Choline acetyltransferase activity of neurons grown in heart-conditioned medium plus nerve growth factor was not significantly higher than that of neurons grown in regular medium plus nerve growth factor. The overall conclusion of the study is that the noradrenergic character of sympathetic neurons can be further enhanced by heart cells or a medium conditioned by these cells.
Simultaneous imaging of several focal planes in fluorescence microscopy for the study of cellular dynamics in 3D

Fluorescence microscopy of live cells is an important tool to investigate cellular tracking pathways. The existing microscope design is very well suited to image fast moving vesicles, tubules and organelles in one focal plane. More problematic is the imaging of cellular components that move between different focal planes. This is due to the fact that tracking of such cellular components requires that the focal plane of the microscope be changed. This has to be done with a focusing device, which is relatively slow. More importantly, only one focal plane can be imaged at a time. Therefore, while the cell is imaged at one focal plane, important events could be missed at other focal planes. To overcome these shortcomings, we present a modification of the classical microscope design with which two or more focal planes can be imaged simultaneously. In this design, the emission light collected by a single stationary objective lens is split into multiple channels. Light in each channel is focused on a CCD camera by a tube lens. By ensuring that the camera position with respect to the tube lens focal plane position is not the same in any two channels, distinct planes within the specimen can be simultaneously imaged. Here we discuss the implementation of a configuration with which four focal planes can be imaged simultaneously.
Looking through a glass onion: Rock and roll as a modern manifestation of carnival

L'espace physique du carnaval se situe en dehors du quotidien, car il permet de briser toutes les barrieres, autant celles du statut social, que politique, et il facilite la creation d'un nouveau mode de relations entre individus. Le carnaval medieval, emprunt de realisme grotesque, au sens d'imagination fantastique, revelait les aspects positifs de la vie. Puis, ce sens du carnaval disparut avec la revolution industrielle, pour reapparaitre dans les annees 1950, sous la forme inquietante du rock and roll
New Poly(ethylene oxide)−Clay Composites

This paper reports a new mechanism for the formation of clay intercalates containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). This mechanism permits formation of a two-dimensional PEO crystal phase. Under acidic conditions, polymer adsorption occurs through an ion-exchange process that is mediated by oxonium cation formation. A single phase exhibiting a plateau in the d001 reflections of 19 A is formed at a polymer/clay stoichiometry of 0.5 g/g. This two-dimensional PEO crystal phase has a higher melting temperature than its three-dimensional counterpart because it is confined within the clay galleries. Unlike previously reported methods for forming PEO/clay intercalates, oxonium ion exchange produces structures whose basal spacings increase with increasing polymer molecular weight.
The role of muscle spindles in ankle movement perception in human subjects with diabetic neuropathy.

The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative method to assess muscle spindle function. Three groups of subjects were studied: ten young and healthy subjects, 15 older subjects with diabetic neuropathy, and 15 age-matched controls. All subjects performed an ankle-movement matching task with and without muscle vibration. Input from the plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors was minimized by using a foot-clamping device. The younger subjects tracked the movement very well, but vibration had a significant effect on their performance (P < 0.001). Similar results were seen in the older control subjects, but they were less successful in tracking movement and slightly less affected by vibration. The neuropathic subjects had the most difficulty tracking, and vibration had only a small but still significant effect on their performance. The interaction between the group and the vibration effect was highly significant (P < 0.001), indicating that the performance of the control subjects changed to a greater degree in the presence of vibration than the performance of the subjects with diabetic neuropathy. Muscle spindles are the primary receptors that are involved in the change in tracking performance when vibration is added during an ankle-movement matching task, and we therefore conclude that the procedure described provides a quantitative evaluation of muscle spindle function.The results demonstrate that diabetic neuropathy degrades muscle sensory function, which may contribute to the impaired balance and unsteadiness of gait that has been observed in diabetic neuropathy.
NUT Gene Rearrangement in a Poorly-differentiated Carcinoma of the Submandibular Gland

NUT midline carcinomas (NMC) are a rare, recently described class of poorly-differentiated tumors that exhibit rapid onset and highly aggressive clinicopathologic behavior. These tumors are defined by rearrangement of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene on chromosome 15q14, most commonly in a balanced translocation with the BRD4 gene on chromosome 19p13.1, resulting in the characteristic BRD4-NUT fusion gene and protein which blocks epithelial differentiation through chromatin binding. NMC frequently involve midline structures of adolescents and young adults and affect the head and neck region in 50% of cases. To our knowledge, only one case has been previously reported involving a salivary gland. Here, we present a case of a NMC of the salivary gland in an adolescent male presenting with an intermittently painful left submandibular mass of 3 months duration.
Electrocardiographic follow-up of patients with demand pacemakers.

Abstract Changes in rhythm and degree of block, and evidence of pacemaker failure were determined in the first 30 patients with permanent implantation of Medtronic 5841 transvenous demand pacemaker. Standard 12-lead electrocardiograms and ten-hour Holter continuous electrocardiograms were obtained up to 16 months after surgery. In symptomatic patients, the supporting electrocardiographic indication for pacemaker insertion consisted of sinus arrest or sinus bradycardia in six, second-degree heart block in 10, complete heart block in 7, atrial flutter or fibrillation, rate 45 to 50 beats per minute, in 2, and bilateral bundle branch block in 5. No patient had a recent myocardial infarction. A change from the preoperative electrocardiogram in supraventricular rhythm was noted in 7, and a change in the degree of heart block in 13 patients. These changes did not appear to have been produced by the pacemaker and did not produce symptoms in patients with functioning pacemakers. In 3 patients, only the postoperative electrocardiogram disclosed the probable preoperative arrhythmia responsible for dizziness or syncope. There were 7 instances of pacing failure due to catheter malposition in 3, increased myocardial threshold in 2, and battery failure in 2, as evidenced on the electrocardiogram as either pacemaker artifact not followed by a QRS complex or absence of pacemaker artifact. Three of these patients were symptomatic. There were three deaths, the first from intractable congestive heart failure, the second from an acute myocardial infarction, and the third occurred suddenly nine months after pacemaker implantation. Protection during changes in rhythm and block and during the administration of antiarrhythmic drugs, in addition to absence of competition between the natural and artificial pacemaker, suggests advantages of the demand pacemaker.
From Golden Frontier to Global City: Shifting Forms of Belonging, “Freedom,” and Governance among Indian Businessmen in Dubai

ABSTRACT In this article, I consider how the Dubai government's shift in economic focus from maritime trade networks toward large-scale, Western-style multinational development projects threatened the forms of belonging that Indian merchants had carved out in the emirate during and after British colonialism in the region, and before the liberalization of India's economy, even as Indian merchants were to some extent participants in the production of Dubai as a “global city.” I argue that Indian merchants were performing forms of substantive citizenship in Dubai that resemble forms of belonging among South Asian diasporas located in Western liberal democratic contexts. I explore how this was happening despite the lack of formal modes of citizenship and permanent belonging available to Indians in contemporary Dubai and in response to changes in Dubai's migration, economic, and political policies that reduced their privileged status in the country.
Theory of the Novel: The Literary Imagination of Classical Film Theory

OCTOBER 144, Spring 2013, pp. 49–72. © 2013 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In the fall of 1921, the Viennese social reformer Eugenie Schwarzwald approached a young Hungarian emigre with a proposition: Mariette Lydis, a friend of Schwarzwald’s, had created a set of watercolors, and now the two of them were looking for someone to write a collection of fairy tales to accompany the images in a book publication. The young author, Bela Balazs, agreed, and he penned sixteen tales in the space of three weeks. The book was published under the title Der Mantel der Traume (The cloak of dreams). A few years later, the Frankfurter Zeitung began running a serialized novel by a curiously anonymous author: Ginster: Von ihm selbst geschrieben (Gorse: Written by himself) was the title, and the novel made a splash. By the time it was published in book form by the prestigious Fischer Verlag in the fall of 1928, however, most interested readers would have divined the author’s identity: barely concealed behind the smoke screens of fictionalization, anonymization, pseudonyms, and newspaper bylines was none other than Siegfried Kracauer, himself an editor and film critic at the Frankfurter Zeitung. Forced into exile in 1933, Kracauer would go on to write a second novel, Georg, a sequel of sorts, during his Paris years. This time, all indications were that he would publish under his own name—but in the hardships of emigration that ultimately led him to the United States, Kracauer failed to secure a contract, and the novel was only published posthumously by Suhrkamp in 1970. A similar fate befell another exile who, on July 13, 1940, in London, completed the final page of a typescript entitled Eine verkehrte Welt (A topsy-turvy world), a novel of the fantastic (ein phantastischer Roman) on which he had been working during the 1930s in Italy and England. In the turbulent years of war and emigration, it would take another decade before the young author, now in the USA, would secure a contract for the novel with the German publisher Curt
Kano's Model: An Integrative Review of Theory and Applications to the Field of Hospitality and Tourism

This research provides a comprehensive review of literature related to the Kano model of satisfaction measurement. Based upon the declaration that performance on certain product attributes produces greater consumer satisfaction than others, Kano Seraku, Takahashi, and Tsuji (1984) proposed that the relationship between product attributes and customer satisfaction is not always linear. Further, Kano et al. disputed conventional satisfaction models that propose that higher satisfaction occurs irrespective of the inherent nature of attributes. This research investigates the evolution of the Kano model across research contexts and its application in different industries. This article also presents an extensive review of literature on the Kano model, synthesis of competing concepts, criticism of the model, methodological implications, applications to the hospitality and tourism industry, discussion of limitations, and suggestions for future research.
Color Degradation in an Ascorbic Acid-Anthocyanin-Flavanol Model System

Interactions between ascorbic acid, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and catechin were studied in pH 3.4 citrate-phosphate buffer at 20°C under anaerobic and oxygenated conditions. Changes in anthocyanin pigment, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and catechin were quantitatively measured during 130 days storage along with Hunter color parameters, browning, and polymeric color. Ascorbic acid had a statistically significant effect on all parameters, including anthocyanin loss under both oxygen and nitrogen environments, catechin loss, increase in browning and polymeric color, decrease in Hunter “a” value and increase in Hunter L value. Ascorbic acid bleached anthocyanin pigment and also induced browning. There is evidence that anthocyanin pigment and ascorbic acid degrade through a direct condensation mechanism.
A preliminary comparison of teacher ratings and child self-report of depression, anxiety, and aggression in inpatient and elementary school samples.

Using equivalent scales, the differential utility of teachers' ratings of elementary school (n = 142) and inpatient (n = 83) 8- to 12-year-old children was examined by comparing teachers' correspondence with the inpatient and elementary school children's self-reports of depression, anxiety, and aggression. Teacher-child correspondence was significant for all three traits in the elementary school sample, yet only significant for aggression in the inpatient sample. However, the level or severity of depression and anxiety symptoms that the teachers reported for the inpatient sample was similar to that reported by the children themselves. In contrast, elementary school children reported significantly more internalizing symptoms than their teachers. Inpatient children reported more depression, but not significantly more anxiety and aggression than elementary school children. For all traits, teachers reported significantly more symptoms for inpatient children, after controlling for child self-report and socioeconomic status. The utility of teachers' ratings across samples, method variance and rater biases, and issues pertaining to self-report are discussed. Language: en
The microtubule-dependent formation of a tubulovesicular network with characteristics of the ER from cultured cell extracts

The formation of a dynamic tubulovesicular membrane network that resembles the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been observed in extracts of cultured chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF cells) using video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy. Initially, membranes in the CEF extracts appeared amorphous and aggregated, but with time, membrane tubules moved out along stationary microtubules. The membrane tubules formed new branches on intersecting microtubules and fused with other branches to form a network of interconnected polygons. The tubulovesicular network was solubilized by detergent and took on a beaded morphology in a hypotonic buffer. Formation of the tubulovesicular network required ATP and microtubules. The network did not contain elements of the plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, or mitochondria but could be labeled with ER markers. We suggest that the tubulovesicular network contains components from the ER and is formed by membrane associated motors moving upon microtubules in a process we call microtubule-dependent tethering.
Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL‐F and trnE‐T spacer region sequences

Department of Systematic Biology-Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,Washington, D.C. 20560-0166 USAThe Gesnerioideae includes most of the New World members of the Gesneriaceae family and is currently considered to includeﬁve tribes: Beslerieae, Episcieae, Gesnerieae, Gloxinieae, and Napeantheae. This study presents maximum parsimony and maximumlikelihood phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), and the chloroplast DNAtrnL intron, trnL-trnFintergenic spacer region, and trnE-trnTintergenic spacer region sequences. The ITS and cpDNA data setsstrongly support the monophyly of a Beslerieae/Napeantheae clade; an Episcieae clade; a Gesnerieae clade; a Gloxinieae clademinus Sinningia, Sinningia relatives, and Gloxinia sarmentiana; and a Sinningia/Paliavana/Vanhouttea clade. This is the ﬁrst studyto provide strong statistical support for these tribes/clades. These analyses suggest thatSinningia and relatives should be consideredas a separate tribe. Additionally, generic relationships are explored, including the apparent polyphyly of Gloxinia. Chromosomenumber changes are minimized on the proposed phylogeny, with the exception of then 5 11 taxa of the Gloxinieae. Scaly rhizomesappear to have been derived once in the Gloxinieae sensu stricto. The number of derivations of the inferior ovary is unclear: eitherthere was one derivation with a reversal to a superior ovary in the Episcieae, or there were multiple independent derivations ofthe inferior ovary.Key words: Gesneriaceae; Gesnerioideae; ITS; molecular phylogenetics; trnE-T; trnL-F.