cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 12 Gas Conduction of Lipid Bilayers and Membrane Channels

Abstract Exchange of gas molecules across biological membranes constitutes one of the most fundamental phenomena in biology of aerobic organisms. The primary mechanism for gas conduction across the cellular membrane is deemed to be free diffusion of the species across lipid bilayers, however, the involvement of a number of membrane channels in the process has also been suggested. In this chapter we summarize the results of recent molecular dynamics simulations investigating the mechanism and pathways through which O 2 , CO 2 , and other biologically relevant gas species are exchanged between the two sides of the membrane. Different computational methodologies are employed, including explicit gas diffusion simulations where multiple copies of the gas species of interest are explicitly included in the simulation, under either equilibrium or biased chemical potential conditions, and implicit ligand sampling where the distribution of small, neutral ligands (gas molecules) inside membrane and/or a protein are deduced from the simulation of the ligand-free system. The results of simulations of pure lipid bilayers indicate that although the lipid bilayers are permeable by the gas species investigated, there is a significant barrier against gas permeation in the head-group layer. The barrier appears to be, at least partly, due to a tighter structure of water in the head-group region and can be markedly affected by changes in the head-group composition of the bilayer. In addition to lipid bilayers, several membrane channels were also investigated. Interestingly, almost all studied systems provide one or more pathways for gas conduction. Some of the identified gas conduction pathways are along the symmetry axis of oligomeric membrane channels, which might suggest the first functional implication for oligomerization of these proteins inside the membrane.
Efficacy of a Sun Protection Workbook for Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Culturally Sensitive Educational Intervention

A culturally sensitive educational intervention that encouraged sun protection behaviors among kidney transplant recipients was developed and the short-term efficacy was evaluated. Non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic Black patients, who received a transplant 2–24 months prior to the study, were randomized into two study groups: intervention versus standard of care. Electronic reminders tailored to the weather conditions were sent every two weeks by text message or email. Self-reported surveys and biologic measurements were obtained prior to the intervention and six weeks later. Among the 101 study participants, there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge, recognition of personal risk of developing skin cancer, willingness to change sun protection behavior, and self-reported performance of sun protection in participants receiving the intervention in comparison with those receiving standard of care (p <0.05). The pigment darkening of the sun–exposed forearm and sun damage of the forearm and sunburns/ skin irritation from the sun were significantly less in participants receiving the intervention (p <0.05). Providing sun protection education at the beginning of summer with reminders tailored to weather conditions helped KTRs adopt sun protection practices. This sun protection program for KTRs may be incorporated into the care provided by the nephrologist or transplant surgeon.
The S-Tree: An Efficient Index for Multidimensional Objects

In this paper we introduce a new multidimensional index called the S-tree. Such indexes are appropriate for a large variety of pictorial databases such as cartography, satellite and medical images. The S-tree discussed in this paper is similar in flavor to the standard S-tree, but accepts mild imbalance in the resulting tree in return for significantly reduced area, overlap and perimeter in the resulting minimum bounding rectangles. In fact, the S-tree is defined in terms of a parameter which governs the degree to which this trade-off is allowed. We develop an efficient packing algorithm based on this parameter. We then analyze the S-tree analytically, giving theoretical bounds on the degree of imbalance of the tree. We also analyze the S-tree experimentally. While the S-tree is extremely effective for static databases, we outline the extension to dynamic databases as well.
Sustainable Energy Policy and Local Governance: Development Interests, Form of Government and Partisan Elections

Local governments have a substantial stake in energy efficiency and climate protection. Urban areas are significant contributors to climate change and are also particularly vulnerable to its effects. By some estimates, more than three-fourths of global carbon emissions come from cities. Although the territory covered by municipal governments accounts for only a tiny portion of the United States’ total land area, almost two-thirds of the American people, over 175 million, reside in cities. In addition, municipal governments have tools to directly address energy efficiency, conservation, and carbon emissions through their well-established role in regulating land use and development. Collectively, local governments can contribute meaningfully to U.S. climate change mitigation by reducing emissions within their well-accepted domains of authority and responsibility. City governments in particular have an array of powers and functions that make them well-suited to play a lead role in climate protection and energy management. This strategic role was acknowledged in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 which set aside $1.9 for local governments and established the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) program. Local governments in the U.S. are increasingly active in promoting energy efficiency and sustainability both in their governmental operations and in the wider community. The U.S. Conference of Mayors recently announced that over 1,000 cities have signed their Climate Protection Agreement promising to substantially increase energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) has an initiative with over 1,200 municipalities worldwide agreeing to measure and report carbon reduction. Considering the obvious importance and dramatically increased reliance on local governments to handle energy and climate issues, the literature is surprisingly reticent in theorizing about the politics of local energy policy.
Attributes of Suicide in Females

Long-term trends in suicides among females were investigated using data from Sacramento County, California. Of the 3,741 cases, 3,398 were Caucasian and 952 (25.4 percent) were females. These analyses focus on 837 Caucasian and Hispanic females. Female suicide rates in Sacramento County have increased gradually since 1925 with a corresponding decline in the male/female sex ratio. The suicide data suggest that a minimum of three types of female suicides can be identified and that the incidence of each type varies with the age of the women. Indicators that help in identifying cases and in tentatively describing an etiology include marital status, employment status and occupation, physical ill health, familial loss or disruption, and psychiatric symptoms.
Deep Ocean Overturning--Then and Now

Knowledge of how fast the deep ocean overturned during the last glacial period is important for understanding how Earth's climate could enter such an extremely cold state. Radiocarbon ages from surface and deep-dwelling foraminifera can indirectly measure the overturning rate. In their Perspective, Adkins and Pasquero discuss new data from the glacial Equatorial Pacific (see report by Broecker et al.) that show that at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, mid-depth waters were about as "old" (that is, they had spent as much time below the surface) as they are today. Coupled with other records from the deeper ocean, the data might help to determine what drives the strength of the overturning circulation in the first place.
Fabric filtration with integral particle charging and collection in a combined electric and flow field: Part II. Development and verification of the mathematical engineering design model

Abstract A mathematical engineering design model is developed to predict the nonuniform deposition of particulate matter and the relative pressure drop, compared to conventional filtration, of fabric filtration with integral particle charging and collection. For the model the bag length is divided into a number of increments for each of which collections for the ESP and porous flow are computed separately. Turbulent flow within the bag requires the use of the Deutsch-Anderson relationship for the ESP collection. The relative pressure drop is calculated by first relating the computed areal density in each increment to the drag, which is a resistance to flow. By use of the relationship for parallel resistance, the total drag is determined; the relative pressure drop is the ratio of the drag for the nonuniform flow to that for an equivalent quantity of particulate matter uniformly deposited by conventional filtration. The predictions for small test bags, whose operation was outside the range of assumptions used for the development of the model, were qualitatively correct. For large fabric filtration bags of the size used in practical industrial applications, whose operation is within the range of assumptions, the model provides reasonably well-quantified predictions.
Diurnal variation in valproic acid clearance

Diurnal variation in total and unbound valproic acid concentrations was measured at steady state in seven healthy men and three healthy women after 250-mg oral doses every 12 hr. Total average steady-state concentration (Css) during the morning dosage interval was 50.4 mg/l. During the evening dosage interval, total Css was 45.7 mg/l. Unbound Css was also less during the evening (2.9 and 3.4 mg/l). These changes were due to higher total and unbound clearance rates during the evening dosage interval. Total peak concentrations were lower (56.8 and 64.3 mg/l) and time of peak concentrations slightly longer (2.2 and 1.8 hr) during the evening. There was marked interindividual variability in all these changes. For best reproducibility of steady-state valproic acid concentrations, our results suggest that total and unbound levels be drawn at the same time of day.
A reduction in the accumulation of H3-norepinephrine in experimental hypertension.

Abstract Uninephrectomized rats made hypertensive by the combined administration of desoxycorticosterone and high sodium diet showed a decreased ability to accumulate tritiated norepinephrine in the heart. The level of endogenous cardiac norepinephrine was also reduced. A highly significant inverse relationship was observed between the blood pressure and the accumulation of tritiated norepinephrine in the heart.
Immune complex deposition in the ciliary process of rabbits with acute and chronic serum sickness.

Acute and chronic serum sickness was induced in rabbits by subcutaneous and intravenous innoculation of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Immunofluorescent microscopic observation of their eyes revealed the presence of granular deposits of rabbit IgG and C3 and of BSA in the ciliary process. These pathological findings were comparable to those observed in the choroid plexus and renal glomeruli. Our experimental systemic serum sickness model in rabbits may prove useful in more fully understanding the uveitis associated with the collagen vascular diseases, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease and malignancy.
The Persistence of Firm-Size Earnings Differentials and Labor Market Segmentation in Japan

Abstract This paper shows that the differential in earnings between large and small companies is a much more prominent feature of the Japanese than of the American labor market. Up to one-third of the differential is explained by differing levels of education and experience in the United States, while in Japan, only some 10% of the differential is explained by these factors. The Japanese and U.S. differentials also differ with respect to their behavior in response to local labor market conditions. Japanese small firms show an unemployment elasticity of the regional wage of − 8%, slightly less than that shown by all U.S. firms. Japanese large firms show an inelastic response to local labor market conditions. The recent increase in the firm-size differential in Japan between 1974 and 1987 is a phenomenon that can be understood primarily in relation to the increase in the unemployment rate over this period. The stability of the U.S. firm-size differential is due to the absence of labor market segmentation between large and small firms, as well as to relatively small changes in differences in schooling and experience by firm size. J. Japan Int. Econ., June 1993, 7 (2), pp. 132–156. New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-3901.
Body image disturbance and relationship satisfaction among college students

Two hundred and eighty-two college undergraduate and graduate students, including 81 males and 201 females, responded to an on-line survey measuring relationship satisfaction, body image distortion and body dissatisfaction, self esteem, and thoughts about weight loss. A modified Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS) queried respondents about their relationship satisfaction as well as their perception of their partner’s satisfaction with the relationship. Respondents checked one of 17 figural drawings indicating their perceived and ideal size as well as judgments of perceived and ideal size of their partner. Females had greater body image size distortion and body dissatisfaction, lower self esteem, and more frequent thoughts about weight loss. Males were more dissatisfied with their partner’s size. Respondent’s body size distortion predicted perceived partner relationship satisfaction, with greater size distortion predicting less perceived partner relationship satisfaction. Greater perceived partner relationship satisfaction predicted increased respondents’ relationship satisfaction. Perceived partner’s dissatisfaction with respondent’s body size only approached significance as a predictor of respondent’s relationship satisfaction. However, the strength of this variable as a predictor warrants further examination of its potential role in relationship satisfaction.
Comparative suppressive effects of anti-allotype antibodies on spleen cells of immature and adult rabbits

Abstract The suppressive effects of anti-allotype antibody on splenic lymphocytes of adult (>3 months of age) and newborn (1-week-old) rabbits were compared in vitro . An approximately 10-fold lower concentration of anti-b4 sufficed to modulate completely membrane-bound b4 immunoglobulin (Ig) when newborn cells were pulse-treated for 2 or 24 hr than when adult cells were tested. In contrast to splenic lymphocytes from adults, which regenerated most of the original proportion of b4 + cells in culture following treatment with up to 300 μg of anti-b4 for 24 hr (4), immature lymphocytes were susceptible to irreversible modulation of membrane-bound Ig even when lower concentrations of anti-b4 were used. However, under conditions permitting reversible modulation of membrane b4, lymphocytes of newborns regenerated the membrane product more rapidly than did adult cells. Both mature and immature splenocytes were shown to be capable of some level of b4 synthesis even in the continuing presence of anti-b4. No evidence for susceptibility to complement-mediated killing of newborn spleen cells by anti-allotypic antibodies was obtained. The observations reported here support the concept that the greater sensitivity of B lymphocytes from the newborn to succumb to irreversible suppressive effects by anti-allotype antibody plays a significant role in the restriction for induction of allotype suppression to the perinatal period.
Hydrophobic chromatography of prenyl transferases.

Abstract Several prenyl transferases were examined with respect to their affinity for C0–C10 alkyl-Agarose columns. C10-alkyl Agarose was effective in adsorbing each of the prenyl transferases tested but only undecaprenyl pyrophosphate and octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetases could be effectively eluted with Triton X-100.
Plasmodial serine repeat antigen homologues with properties of schizont cysteine proteases.

Proteases appear to be required for critical events in the erythrocytic life cycle of malaria parasites, including the rupture of erythrocytes by mature schizonts and the subsequent invasion of erythrocytes by daughter merozoites [1,2]. This conclusion is supported by studies showing that parasite rupture and invasion of erythrocytes are inhibited by serine and cysteine protease inhibitors [1] and that the proteolytic processing of late schizont-stage proteins is required for the completion of the erythrocytic cycle [3,4]. A number of schizont protease activities have been identified biochemically [2], but limitations on available quantities of protein have made it difficult to definitively characterize these proteases or to ascertain their specific biological roles. The Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen (known as SERA, SERA-1, SERP or P126 [5–7]) is being studied as a potential vaccine component [8]. A number of SERA homologues have been described, namely serine repeat protein homologue (SERPH [9] or SERA-2 [10]) and SERA-3 [10] from P. falciparum and five homologues from Plasmodium 6i6ax [11]. SERA and SERPH have been localized to the parasitophorous vacuole of mature schizonts [9,12], and SERA fragments are released into the bloodstream near the time of erythrocyte rupture [12]. SERA and its homologues all contain a 30 kDa ‘protease domain’ that has similarity in sequence to papain-family cysteine proteases, particularly near highly conserved active site residues [13] (Fig. 1A). Taken together, available data suggest that SERA and SERPH may act as late schizontAbbre6iations: SERA, serine repeat antigen; SERPH, serine repeat antigen homologue. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 415 2068845; fax: +1 415 2066015; e-mail: rosnthl@itsa.ucsf.edu 1 Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the GenBankTM data base under accession numbers U59860, U59861, U59862 and AF052747.
Geographic deregulation and new bank entry in Florida

This study analyzes the impact of liberalizing Florida's restrictions on the rate of new bank entry. Based upon a limit entry profit model, an entry equation is estimated with data from 18 local banking markets in Florida. Using dummy variables it is shown that the intercept term of the entry equation increases under Florida's relaxed geographic restrictions on banking. Prediction results suggest that entry would have been significantly greater during the period 1977–79 had Florida allowed state-wide branching instead of countywide branching during this period.
The Impact of Cylinder Pressure on Fuel Jet Penetration and Mixing

Investigations of fuel jet penetration and fuel and air mixing are performed in a static piston, pressurized optical engine. The pressure in the cylinder that the gas is injected into is varied to study the effect of the compression process. The engine has the same piston and cylinder geometry as a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF two-stroke cycle natural gas engine. A 14” quartz cylinder section allows the cylinder gases to be radiated with an Nd:YAG UV laser, and imaged with an ICCD camera. Nitrogen gas that is seeded with acetone, which fluoresces in the visible range when irradiated with UV light, is injected through the fuel valves. Two types of fuel injectors are studied, a low pressure (45 psi) and a high pressure (500 psi) gas injection valve. Both fuel injection valves are manufactured by Woodward Governor. Planar laser induced fluorescence is implemented to image fuel concentration within the cylinder at various times during the injection and mixing processes. Spatial standard deviations of the variations of fuel concentration (“unmixedness”) and the volume fraction of gas in the flammable range (“mixedness”) across the image plane are computed.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Feeding ecology of polymorphic larval barred tiger salamanders in playas of the Southern Great Plains

In playas of the Southern Great Plains, larval barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium Baird, 1850) (= Ambystoma mavortium mavortium) are present as polymorphic populations. Typical and cannibal morphs have been previously investigated but intermediate forms have received little attention and their role in playa food web structure is unknown. We investigated the diet composition of these three morphotypes and compared diet preferences of typical versus nontypical morphs. Typical and intermediate morphs had similar body morphology (snout to vent length and stomach content mass), but cannibal morphs had larger stomach content mass than the other morphotypes. However, the intermediate morph had a distinctive diet composition from cannibal and typical individuals as determined by diet composition rankings, diet overlap and similarity indices, and diet diversity. By comparing prey availability versus consumption, we determined that nontypical morphs preferred larger invertebrates such as tadpole...
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Smoking Gun but Still No Suspects

A viral etiology for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) has long been suspected, primarily on the basis of its dramatically increased incidence in immunocompromised individuals. In this issue, Arron and colleagues report a comprehensive hunt for viral gene transcription in cuSCC. Their findings show that it is very unlikely that any currently known virus is commonly responsible for the maintenance of this cancer.
Finite geometry correction for differential scattering cross section experiments

Abstract A correction formula for the effect of finite geometry is developed for measurements of differential scattering cross sections. In addition to the finite sizes of target and detector, the angular spread of the incident beam is considered.
Restraint hypothermia and I 131 uptake by rat thyroid.

SummaryThyroid I131 uptake by restrained rats was higher at one hour, and lower at 4 hours, than that of nonrestrained control animals. The lower the body temperature of the restrained animals at 4 hours, the lower the I131 uptake by the thyroid. Restrained hypothermic rats had a significantly greater thyroid uptake of I131 than equally hypothermic nonrestrained animals. It is concluded that hypothermia of restrained animals can not be ascribed to depressed basal metabolism.
Emergency Logistics Issues Affecting the Response to Katrina: A Synthesis and Preliminary Suggestions for Improvement

Extreme events pose serious logistical challenges to emergency and aid organizations active in preparation, response, and recovery operations, because the disturbances they produce have the potential to turn normal conditions suddenly into chaos. Under these conditions, delivering critical supplies (e.g., food, water, medical supplies) becomes an extremely difficult task because of the severe damage to the physical and virtual infrastructure and the limited or nonexistent transportation capacity. In this context, the recovery process is made more difficult by the prevailing lack of knowledge about the nature and challenges of emergency supply chains. As a result, the design of reliable emergency logistics systems is hampered by lack of knowledge about how formal and informal (emergent) supply chains operate and interact; methods to analyze and coordinate the flows of priority and nonpriority goods; and, in general, scientific methods to analyze logistics systems under extreme conditions. This paper describes the key logistical issues that plagued the response to Hurricane Katrina. The logistical failures following Katrina, which in August 2005 devastated the U.S. Gulf Coast, provide an example of the need to improve the efficiency of supply chains to the site of an extreme event. The paper is based on public accounts of the event and interviews conducted during a number of field visits to the Katrina-affected area in the aftermath of the event, as part of a research project funded by the National Science Foundation.
How can the Sophisticated Variance Investigation Model be Applied to the Real World

Abstract Management accountants have used traditional variance investigation models-rule of thumb, x charts, and cumulative sum charts, etc.—for a long time to determine whether a process should be investigated or not. But the traditional model is weak in that it does not incorporate the expected cost and benefit from a variance investigation. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a procedure regarding how the sophisticated variance investigation model can be applied to the real world. By doing so, it is hoped that sophisticated techniques will be used more widely. A single period Bayesian model was applied to a medium sized firm for the proportional variance investigation. The implementation cost of this model is cheap and can be applied to variance investigation with little hardship. For the moment, it is a little early to argue that this model would bring more benefits than other traditional models. Although this model accurately and promptly signaled out of control processes for the first mont...
Time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission studies of electron localization and solvation at interfaces

Abstract We review recent work in the study of interfacial electronic states and electron–adsorbate interactions with time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy. Results for interfaces between noble-metal surfaces and organic as well as inorganic dielectric overlayers are presented. Layer structure and thickness have pronounced effects on the spatial extents, binding energies, and dynamics of image-potential states (IPS) and molecular orbitals. The transition from delocalized to localized states in the plane of the interface can also occur dynamically through electron-induced nuclear motion in the overlayer. An important example of this class of phenomenon is the formation of polaronic states from initially delocalized IPS, which occurs on sub-picosecond timescales. Dynamic energy relaxation through electron solvation by molecular dipoles, the analogue of the dynamic Stokes shift in bulk solvents, may also accompany localization on ultrafast timescales, and has become the focus of much recent experimental and theoretical interest. The interplay of a static layer structure and an evolving potential from the adsorbate creates a rich environment for interfacial electron dynamics, as evidenced by the alcohol/Ag(1 1 1), nitrile/Ag(1 1 1), and D 2 O/Cu(1 1 1) systems. We conclude with a discussion of recent attempts to determine the spatial extent of localization parallel to the interface for electrons following localization and solvation using experimental measurements of the photoelectron distribution in momentum space.
On the independence of core-equivalence results from Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory

Abstract In this paper we prove that there exist consistent mathematical frameworks for the ordinary mathematics of Quantum Mechanics within ZF set theory for which the core equivalence results within abstract neoclassical mathematical economics are not provable. More precisely, we use Cohen-forcing to prove the following results with respect to Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF): Theorem. There exists a model of ZF, M = 〈V,e〉 and a set of forcing conditions P ⊂B, for B a complete Boolean Algebra in M such that if G is an M-generic ultrafilter on B, then M[ G ] = 〈V[ G ],ϵ〉 is a model of ZF for which the following statements are true: (1) Every countable society: M = 〈ω,X,P, F 〉 possesses an Arrowian Dictator υ0ϵω. (2) If ξ T = 〈 a t' > t 〉 tϵT is a nonstandard exchange economy, then T ≊ {0,1… ,K} for some standard finite K ξ T = lang; a t' > t 〉 tϵT exists. (3) There exists an infinite class of market games: {Γj=〈X,A(X),υj〉}j This theorem shows that the verification of Edgeworth's Conjecture by the Aumann-Hildenbrand and Brown-Robinson models cannot be proved in M[G] and thus are independent of ZF; e.g., from (3) an arbitrary market game need not have a nonempty core and from (2) infinitessimal traders simply do not exist. By way of contrast, we prove that Arrow's Impossibility Theorem for infinite societies M = 〈ω,X,P, F 〉 is provable within M[G] as are major theorems of Quantum Mechanics in physics.
Poster: uPro: a compartmentalization tool supporting fine-grained and flexible security configuration

Software suffers from security vulnerabilities and to our best knowledge, no silver bullet exists to make all the software absolutely secure. Network software applications, e.g. network servers, due to historic reasons, often have a monolithic architecture. Therefore, the whole application stays in a single protection domain, and any vulnerability of any part would jeopardize the whole application. The principle of least privilege provides an alternative way to design and implement software with better security. uPro is a software compartmentalization tool supporting fine-grained and flexible configuration. The configuration is provided by the developers and it specifies the protection domain partition of the software application and the corresponding privilege of each partition. The configuration file is simple and extensible. Based on the configuration file, uPro loads all the protection domains to a single address space and locates all the protection domains to non-interleaved memory regions. The protection domain separation is achieved at the user level so that uPro is totally OS-neutral. uPro supports concurrent execution. The execution units and the protection domains are orthogonal and their implementation is based on threads, so the context-switch time of the execution units in uPro is lightweight compared to process implementation.
Cognitive requirements of ulterior motive information usage: Individual child analyses

Abstract Single-subject analyses were used to examine the developmental difficulty of the ulterior motive question, i.e., the backward inverse inference. Hypothesized points of difficulty were both the logical form of the question and the abstract nature of the task. Children were presented an ulterior motive task and a parallel, but simpler, concrete task. The capability of classifying the performance of individual subjects was expected to provide a developmental ordering of successes from an inverse inference in the concrete context to an inverse inference in the ulterior motive context. Fourteen 5-year-olds and fourteen 7-year-olds were tested in the fall and in the spring on the two tasks, with three replications to allow single-subject analyses. Eleven of the children used an inverse rule for both tasks at both times, and three did not use an inverse rule for either task. The remaining 14 children appeared to be in transition. For all of these children in transition, the developmental ordering of successes was as hypothesized. These results suggest that children's difficulties with ulterior motive information result from both the abstract nature and the logical form of the task and demonstrate the utility of single-subject analyses of children's judgments.
RFID-supported medical and healthcare systems

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) can improve services and management in medical and healthcare systems. It helps monitor patients, link patients with key drugs and personnel, and track medical devices and potentially hazardous materials in hospitals. In telemedicine, RFID integrated with sensors can monitor blood products' temperature, send patients' physiological status, and identify patients' locations in case of emergency. Based on the EPCglobal Network, RFID can track all transactions from the beginning to the end in the pharmaceutical industry, which combats counterfeit products and protects product brands. Information security about RFID tags, challenges, and future work are also discussed.
Pairwise Topic Model via relation extraction

Topic modeling is a powerful tool to model documents to find their underlying topics. However, the unstructured nature of the raw text makes it hard to model the semantic relationship between the text units, which may be the words, phrases or sentences, and thus even harder to model their corresponding underlying topics. In our work, we try to examine the pairwise relationship of the underlying topics through relation extraction. We first extract the entity pairs within one relation tuple out of the raw text. Then, we model the relationship between the entity pairs by adding the dependencies between entities and their corresponding topics. We propose six different versions of Pairwise Topic Model (PTM) to simultaneously discover the latent topics and their pairwise relationship. The experiment on four data sets (AP news articles, DUC 2004 task2, Clinical Notes and Neuroscience Papers) shows the PTM models are better-structured language model than the traditional topic model Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Also, empirical results show that the proposed Pairwise Topic Models (PTMs) can explicitly explain how two topics are related.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography in zero-electroosmotic flow environment

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is conducted in polyacrylamide-coated capillaries under almost complete suppression of electroosmotic flow. The equations of migration and resolution for neutral solutes in this mode of MEKC operation are presented. The technique is termed reversed-flow MEKC (RF-MEKC) because, in contrast to MEKC in bare-silica capillaries (N-MEKC), solute migration order is reversed and solute migration time is inversely proportional to micelle concentration. This presents an advantage for the high-efficiency separation of extremely and moderately hydrophobic solutes in a short analysis time. Examples of the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aflatoxins and dansylated-amino acids are presented using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are separated using a relatively low micelle concentration. The detection sensitivity for these compounds is enhanced in two ways. First, the peaks are sharp because of the short analysis time and the inertness of the column surface. Second, the fluorescence background and Joule's heating are minimal because of the low concentration of SDS and other additives needed to affect the separation. While N-MEKC is mainly conducted with basic buffers, RF-MEKC can be conducted in basic as well as acidic media as illustrated in the separation of 15 dansylated-amino acids at pH 4.2.
The crystal structure of Fe(II)((dpg)3(BF)2)·2toluene; a study in the geometry of strained clathro-chelate compounds

Abstract The molecular structure of the clathro-chelate compound Fe((dpg)3(BF)2)·2toluene (dpg = diphenylglyoxime) was determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the space group P21/c with a=12.006(2), b=16.957(4), c=25.301(4) A , β=90.552(14)°, V=5150.7(17) A 3 , Z=4 and R=4.18% for the 2255 reflections with |Fo|>6σ(F). The mean FeN bond distance is 1.914±0.012 A. The coordination geometry of this compound is intermediate between octahedral and trigonal prismatic, with a twist angle (φ) of 23.5±0.3° from the eclipsed (prismatic) geometry. Molecular mechanics calculations were carried out on the similar model compound M((dmg)3(BF)2) (dmg = dimethylglyoxime), using a range of MN bond distances. These calculations predict a twist angle of 18.1° for the MN distance observed in Fe((dpg)3(BF)2). The molecular mechanics calculations support the proposal that forces other than crystal field stabilization energy (such as steric forces) are primarily responsible for the geometries of clathro-chelate compounds.
Epstein-Barr virus dacryoadenitis as a complication of bone marrow transplant in a child with combined immunodeficiency.

Epstein-Barr virus dacryoadenitis as a complication of bone marrow transplant in a child with combined immunodeficiency
How gay-straight alliance groups mitigate the relationship between gay-bias victimization and adolescent suicide attempts.

Objective We examined the relationships between victimization from being bullied, suicide, hopelessness, and the presence of a Gay–Straight Alliance (GSA) on a school campus. Method We analyzed data from the California Healthy Kids Survey from 2005 to 2007 using hierarchical modeling. Results We found that gay-bias (versus non–gay-bias) victimization is meaningfully connected with the inwardly destructive behavior of attempted suicide among adolescents. We also found that hopelessness helps explain associations between gay-bias victimization and suicide attempts and that the presence of a GSA club on a school's campus attenuates significant connections between gay-bias victimization and suicide attempts by reducing hopelessness. Conclusion Gay-bias victims are more likely than other victims to attempt suicide while also feeling more hopeless. The presence of a GSA on campus may help to reduce the attempted suicide and hopelessness associated with gay-bias victimization.
A computer system for interactive processing and evaluation of light stimulated evoked responses.

Abstract A computer program is described which provides interactive access to options or algorithms used to process evoked responses, including IO, averaging, digital filtering, Fourier transform, and others. The processing steps can be specified individually or in repeating groups, thereby providing both interactive and batch-like modes.
Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Flexible Multibody of Parallel Robot

Take a kind of 3-TPT parallel robot as an example, the model of flexible multibody of parallel machine tool is built by using multibody dynamics simulation software ADAMS and finite element analysis software ANSYS. And dynamics equation of flexible body in spatial is also set up, after that the dynamics simulation is carried out. Then the simulation results of rigid bodies are compared with flexible ones, and the results show that the forces applied on flexible bodies appear high nonlinear, so the simulation results of flexible multibody system are more authentic, nicety and can reflect actual dynamics characteristic of parallel robot.
Thidiazuron-induced high-frequency direct shoot organogenesis of Cannabis sativa L.

Induction of high-frequency shoot regeneration using nodal segments containing axillary buds from a 1-yr-old mother plants of Cannabis sativa was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.05–5.0 μM thidiazuron. The quality and quantity of regenerants were better with thidiazuron (0.5 μM thidiazuron) than with benzyladenine or kinetin. Adding 7.0 μM of gibberellic acid into a medium containing 0.5 μM thidiazuron slightly increased shoot growth. Elongated shoots when transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 500 mg l−1 activated charcoal and 2.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid resulted in 95% rooting. The rooted plants were successfully acclimatized in soil. Following acclimatization, growth performance of 4-mo-old in vitro propagated plants was compared with ex vitro vegetatively grown plants of the same age. The photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics were studied under different light levels (0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, or 2,000 μmol m−2 s−1). An increase in photosynthesis was observed with increase in the light intensity up to 1,500 μmol m−2 s−1 and then decreased subsequently at higher light levels in both types of plants. However, the increase was more pronounced at lower light intensities below 500 μmol m−2 s−1. Stomatal conductance and transpiration increased with light intensity up to highest level (2000 μmol m−2 s−1) tested. Intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and the ratio of intercellular CO2 concentration to ambient CO2 (C i/C a) decreased with the increase in light intensity in both in vitro as well as ex vitro raised plants. The results show that in vitro propagated and hardened plants were functionally comparable to ex vitro plants of same age in terms of gas and water vapor exchange characteristics, within the limits of this study.
Interpretation and grammar interaction in the Spanish subjunctive adjuncts

This article proposes a multifactor analysis of the Spanish subjunctive adjuncts. By examining the features that govern Spanish mood and their interaction, I present a complete overview of diverse accounts on the Spanish subjunctive. I outline the general principles of those explanations and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in formalizing an explanation concerning the interaction of mood with syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Next, from mood contribution to the flow in discourse, based on Quer’s (1998, 2001) approach, I provide a role for the subjunctive mood in the discourse, which can be established by a variety of factors. Instead of assigning rigid meanings to the subjunctive, this approach allows the speaker to relate the proposition to the actual world and provide an evaluation of it. In addition to this, I present a proposal to explain mood alternation in adjuncts considering the interaction of different components of the grammar in the process of interpretation. This contribution offers a dynamic view of meaning in which context and individuals are crucial for the interpretation of the Spanish subjunctive.
Carbamate Transport in Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation

The transport of carbamate through the large subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) from Escherichia coli was investigated by molecular dynamics and site-directed mutagenesis. Carbamate, the product of the reaction involving ATP, bicarbonate, and ammonia, must be delivered from the site of formation to the site of utilization by traveling nearly 40 A within the enzyme. Potentials of mean force (PMF) calculations along the entire tunnel for the translocation of carbamate indicate that the tunnel is composed of three continuous water pockets and two narrow connecting parts, near Ala-23 and Gly-575. The two narrow parts render two free energy barriers of 6.7 and 8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Three water pockets were filled with about 21, 9, and 9 waters, respectively, and the corresponding relative free energies of carbamate residing in these free energy minima are 5.8, 0, and 1.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The release of phosphate into solution at the site for the formation of carbamate allows the side ...
Laparoscopic Appendectomy in an Outpatient Setting

Abstract Study Objective To determine the ability to perform laparoscopic appendectomy on an outpatient basis. Design Prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting University ambulatory surgery center. Patients Forty-two consecutive patients. Intervention Laparoscopic appendectomy Measurements and Main Results After performing five laparoscopic appendectomies, three women required hospitalization. Thus a new multimodal protocol was implemented and admission and recovery times were monitored. After the new protocol was implemented, only 1 of 37 patients required hospitalization. Discharge times were similar to those for women undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy without appendectomy. Conclusion With attention to surgical and anesthetic protocols, appendectomy can be performed at the time of gynecologic laparoscopy in an ambulatory setting without a significant delay in discharge.
Rhabdomyolysis Associated With the Use of a Mislabeled “Acai Berry” Dietary Supplement

Abstract Introduction This case report describes a patient who developed rhabdomyolysis temporally associated with the use of a mislabeled acai berry dietary supplement. Methods and Results. The authors describe a 22-year-old man presenting with rhabdomyolysis approximately 2 weeks after starting a weight-loss dietary supplement. His medical history was significant only for hypertension treated with amlodipine. The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was confirmed (creatine kinase, 84,000 IU/L, positive urine myoglobin) with other potential causes ruled out. The signs and symptoms of the patient gradually resolved and he was discharged on hospital day 5. Assessment using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale yielded a score of 3, indicating a possible relationship between the supplement and rhabdomyolysis. Although the product was labeled and promoted as containing acai berry and additional ingredients, there was no acai berry found on analysis. Conclusion Clinicians should be aware that all dietary supplements may vary in uniformity and contain unknown contaminants.
Recurrent Bulbar Paralysis Caused by Botulinum Toxin Type B

Botulism is a rare, potentially lethal paralytic disease characterized by cranial nerve palsies, descending flaccid muscle paralysis, and possible involvement of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first case of recurrent botulism type B in the United States, caused by repetitive ingestion of contaminated homemade hot chili pepper in oil from the same jar.
Holocene Carbon Stocks and Carbon Accumulation Rates Altered in Soils Undergoing Permafrost Thaw

Permafrost soils are a significant global store of carbon (C) with the potential to become a large C source to the atmosphere. Climate change is causing permafrost to thaw, which can affect primary production and decomposition, therefore affecting ecosystem C balance. To understand future responses of permafrost soils to climate change, we inventoried current soil C stocks, investigated ∆14C, C:N, δ13C, and δ15N depth profiles, modeled soil C accumulation rates, and calculated decadal net ecosystem production (NEP) in subarctic tundra soils undergoing minimal, moderate, and extensive permafrost thaw near Eight Mile Lake (EML) in Healy, Alaska. We modeled decadal and millennial soil C inputs, decomposition constants, and C accumulation rates by plotting cumulative C inventories against C ages based on radiocarbon dating of surface and deep soils, respectively. Soil C stocks at EML were substantial, over 50 kg C m−2 in the top meter, and did not differ much among sites. Carbon to nitrogen ratio, δ13C, and δ15N depth profiles indicated most of the decomposition occurred within the organic soil horizon and practically ceased in deeper, frozen horizons. The average C accumulation rate for EML surface soils was 25.8 g C m−2 y−1 and the rate for the deep soil accumulation was 2.3 g C m−2 y−1, indicating these systems have been C sinks throughout the Holocene. Decadal net ecosystem production averaged 14.4 g C m−2 y−1. However, the shape of decadal C accumulation curves, combined with recent annual NEP measurements, indicates soil C accumulation has halted and the ecosystem may be becoming a C source. Thus, the net impact of climate warming on tundra ecosystem C balance includes not only becoming a C source but also the loss of C uptake capacity these systems have provided over the past ten thousand years.
A simple method of preparing d-(−)-Arginine monohydrochloride from dl-arginine

Abstract d -(−)-Arginine was isolated by fractionally recrystallizing dl -arginine- l s -(−)-malate to obtain the less soluble d -(−)-arginine- l s -(−)-malate, then passing aqueous solutions of the latter through ionic resin columns to separate the d -arginine from the malic acid. The d -arginine was converted to the monohydrochloride. The fractional crystallization readily yielded 51–73% of the d -arginine- l -malate. d -Arginine monohydrochloride was obtained from the latter in yields of 74–83% of the theoretical. Impure l -arginine was separated from the more soluble arginine malate residues. Two methods of racemizing it for recycling were tested. The separated malic acid was evaporated to dryness in vacuo for reuse, or precipitated as the calcium salt.