cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered O-glycan synthesis in lymphocytes from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

The only molecular defect reported for the X-linked immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is the abnormal electrophoretic behavior of the major T lymphocyte sialoglycoprotein CD43. Since the 70 to 80 O-linked carbohydrate chains of CD43 are known to influence markedly its electrophoretic mobility, we analyzed the structure and the biosynthesis of O-glycans of CD43 in lymphocytes from patients with WAS. Immunofluorescence analysis with the carbohydrate dependent anti-CD43 antibody T305 revealed that in 10 out of the 12 WAS patients tested increased numbers of T lymphocytes carry on CD43 an epitope which on normal lymphocytes is expressed only after activation. Other activation antigens were absent from WAS lymphocytes. Western blots of WAS cell lysates displayed a high molecular mass form of CD43 which reacted with the T305 antibody and which could be found on in vivo activated lymphocytes but was absent from normal unstimulated lymphocytes. To examine the O-glycan structures, carbohydrate labeled CD43 was immunoprecipitated and the released oligosaccharides identified. WAS lymphocyte CD43 was found to carry predominantly the branched structure NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3 (NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4G1cNAc beta 1----6) GalNAcOH whereas normal lymphocytes carry the structure NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3 (NeuNAc alpha 2----6) GalNAcOH. Only after activation NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3 (NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6) GalNAcOH becomes the principal oligosaccharide on CD43 from normal lymphocytes. Analyzing the six glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of these O-glycan structures it was found that in WAS lymphocytes high levels of beta 1----6 N-acetyl-glucosaminyl transferase are responsible for the expression of NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3 (NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6) GalNAcOH on CD43. The gene responsible for WAS has not yet been identified but the results presented in this study suggest that the primary defect in WAS may affect a gene which is involved in the regulation of O-glycosylation.
Ultrafast spectroscopy of multilayer epitaxial graphene

Nondegenerate ultrafast mid-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy is used to study multilayer epitaxial graphene. By tuning the probe wavelength, we can determine the doping profile of the layers.
Percutaneous gallstone removal: Long-term follow-up

Purpose To evaluate gallstone and symptom recurrence rates, long-term complications, and life expectancy after percutaneous gallstone removal. Patients and Methods Medical records of 87 patients (mean age, 69 years ± 14 [standard deviation]) undergoing percutaneous gallstone removal between 1987 and 1992 were reviewed. Physicians and patients (or their families) were contacted for clinical follow-up. Thirty-one patients returned for follow-up ultrasound (US). Results The final study group consisted of 65 patients. Mean survival from the time of initial gallbladder drainage was 33 months ± 19. Over a mean clinical follow-up period of 33 months, eight of 65 patients (12%) developed recurrent symptoms; six of these eight had recurrent gallstones shown at US. Of 30 patients with technically adequate US images (mean follow-up, 14 months ± 12), 12 (40%) had recurrent gallstones. Six of these 12 patients had recurrent symptoms. No long-term complications were identified. Conclusion The risk of gallstone recurrence after percutaneous removal is notable, but the symptom recurrence rate is much lower. Percutaneous gallstone removal is beneficial for patients at prohibitive surgical or general anesthetic risk.
An algorithm for exact bounds on the time separation of events in concurrent systems

Determining the time separation of events is a fundamental problem in the analysis, synthesis, and optimization of concurrent systems. Applications range from logic optimization of asynchronous digital circuits to evaluation of execution times of programs for real-time systems. We present an efficient algorithm to find exact (tight) bounds on the separation time of events in an arbitrary process graph without conditional behavior. The algorithm is based on a functional decomposition technique that permits the implicit evaluation of an infinitely unfolded process graph. >
Measurement of intimate partner violence: a model for developing the gold standard

OBJECTIVES: To present the rationale and arguments behind the proposition that the field of intimate partner violence (IPV) would greatly benefit from developing gold standard instrumentation that would be expected to advance this field of scientific inquiry and to propose a phased model for accomplishing the development of such instrumentation. METHOD: A summary critique of historical controversies in the measurement of IPV is presented and ongoing problems with assessment specific to IPV are raised. Current difficulties with measurement of the current structures of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse are delineated. The argument is made for measurement that demonstrates improvement over current instrumentation that would be used consistently by researchers in the field. Adapting existing models of phased trials and a task force with working groups to establish psychosocial constructs through empirically based consensus, a working plan is proposed to develop instrumentation that would exist as the gold standard instrumentation for IPV assessment. CONCLUSION: The creation of better validated measurement tools for the assessment of intimate partner abuse within intimate relationships would result in increased understanding of research findings, enhance comparability of research, increase credibility within the field, and produce a replicable working strategy for developing gold standard measurement in comparable fields. Language: en
A study of the repetitive structure and distribution of short motifs in human genomic sequences

Over the last several years the search for functional genomic elements by exploiting motif over-representation became increasingly popular. However, about half of the human genome is repetitive, and that is also the case with most higher eukaryotes. In this study we have shown that in addition to these known repeats, human sequences feature many short over-represented motifs, and that their frequency varies only slightly between random repeat-masked sequences and regions located immediately upstream of the known genes. Most of our study has been performed on the ENCODE sequences, which comprise about 1% of the human genome.
Spectral Hole Burning in EDFA under various channel load conditions

Spectral Hole Burning in EDFA depends on channel loading condition. The most problematic channel load cases are identified in simulations of gain controlled EDFA. Simple way to predict channel gain deviation is suggested.
Appalachian English in southern Indiana? The evidence from verbal -s

In this paper, I analyze data from nonstandard subject-verb agreement with plural subjects (e.g., The stocks consists exclusively of wearing apparel..., since you was here...) as just one diagnostic to determine whether or not the dialect spoken in Harrison County, Indiana, located on the Ohio River in the extreme south-central part of the state, can reasonably be considered Appalachian English. At first sight, this question is surprising, to say the very least, since no definition of the Appalachian region includes any part of Indiana. However, many of the original white settlers in this area relocated here from various Appalachian states in the late 18th and early-to-mid 19th centuries, and the patterning of plural verbal -s that persists here today bears striking similarities to the same in numerous dialects of Appalachian English (e.g., in Alabama (Feagin 1979), in Tennessee (Montgomery 1989), in West Virginia (Wolfram and Christian 1976; Christian, Wolfram, and Dube 1988)) as well as in Ozark English, a geographically-removed descendant of Appalachian English (Christian et al 1988, Hazen 1996). The Ozark region offers a unique point of comparison to Harrison County in that neither of these falls within the boundaries of Appalachia, yet they both share a linguistic connection to it, by means of their settlement histories. Therefore, any conclusions about dialect persistence in geographically removed but linguistically-related varieties based on a comparison of Appalachian English and Ozark English can only be strengthened to the extent that convincing similarities are also found in southern Indiana.
Roth Technique—A New Approach for Measuring Sensory Neural Conduction in the Median and Ulnar Nerves: Suggestion from the Field

This article describes a technique to determine orthodromic sensory neural conduction of the median and ulnar nerves. The Roth technique is an accurate, yet time-conserving, method to orthodromically measure median and ulnar nerve latency and amplitude. This technique can be an alternative method to the orthodromic ring electrode stimulation technique. Neural conduction studies (NCSs) are used to aid in the diagnosis of several neuromuscular disorders such as entrapment neuropathies, diffuse polyneuropathies, and other diseases of the peripheral nerves.1–3 Two methods used for the determination of sensory neural action potential (SNAP) amplitude and latency are the orthodromic (OD) and antidromic (AD) techniques.1–3 Median and ulnar sensory neural conduction of the upper extremity may be determined by stimulating the appropriate digital nerves and recording the SNAP from a more proximal site on the nerve (OD) or alternatively by stimulating the nerve proximally and recording the SNAP distally (AD).3…
Acute and Chronic Increases in Excitability in Rat Hippocampal Slices After Perinatal Hypoxia In Vivo

We have previously shown that hypoxia induces both acute and chronic epileptogenic effects that are age dependent. Global hypoxia (3-4% O2) induces seizure activity in the developing brain [postnatal day (P)10-12] but not at younger or older ages. Adult rats with prior seizures induced by hypoxia at P10 show increased seizure susceptibility to chemical convulsants compared with controls. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that acute and chronic epileptogenic effects of hypoxia are demonstrable in hippocampus both in vivo and in vitro. Depth electrode recordings confirmed the presence of ictal activity within hippocampus in P10 rats during global hypoxia. Hippocampal slices prepared from P10 pups killed at 10 min after recovery from hypoxia showed evidence of increased excitability. Extracellular field recordings revealed that the amplitude and duration of long-term potentiation (LTP) was increased significantly in area CA1 of hippocampal slices removed from hypoxic pups. In addition, extracellular recordings within areas CA1 and CA3 showed significantly longer afterdischarge durations in response to kindling stimuli in slices from hypoxic pups compared with controls. To evaluate whether there were also long-term changes in hippocampal excitability, hippocampal slices were prepared from adult rats that had underwent hypoxia at P10 and compared with slices from adult litter-mate controls. A Mg2+-free medium was superfused to induce epileptiform activity within the slices. Extracellular recordings from stratum pyramidale of area CA1 showed that Mg2+-free media induced significantly more frequent ictal discharges in slices from previously hypoxic rats compared with controls. These results provide evidence that the naturally occurring stimulus of hypoxia can result in both acute and chronic changes in the excitability of the CA1 neuronal network. These results parallel our previous in vivo studies demonstrating that global hypoxia acutely increases excitability in the immature brain and that hypoxia during the age window approximately P10 results in long-lasting increases in seizure susceptibility within hippocampus. Our results suggest that the age-dependent epileptogenic effects of hypoxia are in part mediated by a direct and permanent effect on neuronal excitability within hippocampal neuronal networks.
The Construction of Insiders as Outsiders: Catholic Accounts of Protestant Converts in Pre-Famine Western Ireland

ABSTRACTUsing a memoir written decades later, I examine key features of the religious scene in Knock, County Mayo, in the 1830s and 1840s. I address the nature of the writer's memory, embodied as it was in orally transmitted stories, and show how these narratives provide maps of the cultural terrain. Then, after briefly considering the class dimension of poor Catholic resentment of powerful Protestants, I focus on the sectarian feeling by and towards other poor people. I analyse the complex ideological work through which local Catholics who converted to Protestantism were socially constructed as ‘not-Knock’ people.
Imaging of Appendicitis in Pediatric Patients

■ In pediatric patients, CT demonstrates superior sensitivity compared to ultrasound in diagnosis of appendicitis, with similar specificities of these modalities (moderate evidence).
Myocyte repolarization modulates myocardial function in aging dogs

Studies of myocardial aging are complex and the mechanisms involved in the deterioration of ventricular performance and decreased functional reserve of the old heart remain to be properly defined. We have studied a colony of beagle dogs from 3 to 14 yr of age kept under a highly regulated environment to define the effects of aging on the myocardium. Ventricular, myocardial, and myocyte function, together with anatomical and structural properties of the organ and cardiomyocytes, were evaluated. Ventricular hypertrophy was not observed with aging and the structural composition of the myocardium was modestly affected. Alterations in the myocyte compartment were identified in aged dogs, and these factors negatively interfere with the contractile reserve typical of the young heart. The duration of the action potential is prolonged in old cardiomyocytes contributing to the slower electrical recovery of the myocardium. Also, the remodeled repolarization of cardiomyocytes with aging provides inotropic support to the senescent muscle but compromises its contractile reserve, rendering the old heart ineffective under conditions of high hemodynamic demand. The defects in the electrical and mechanical properties of cardiomyocytes with aging suggest that this cell population is an important determinant of the cardiac senescent phenotype. Collectively, the delayed electrical repolarization of aging cardiomyocytes may be viewed as a critical variable of the aging myopathy and its propensity to evolve into ventricular decompensation under stressful conditions.
Social Facilitation: Affect and Application in Consumer Buying Situations

Social facilitation, the theory, originated out of the field of experimental social psychology as a means of explaining individual's behavior in social situations. Social facilitation is described as enhancing one's dominant response simply by being in the presence of others. Social facilitation, while not widely applied to consumer behavior, holds hope of becoming an interesting and useful tool in attempting to predict consumer behavior, specifically, behavior in particular buying situations. This paper examines social facilitation theory, where the presence of others is central, as a good predictor of consumer behavior in shopping situations, like: store crowding and waiting in line. Thus, the following critical areas of social facilitation are explored: mere presence of others, distraction-conflict, evaluation apprehension, and crowding. Before these areas can be applied, it is necessary to investigate the origin of social facilitation, the theory.
Abstract 5406: Glioblastoma derived exosomes induce apoptosis in T cells

Intro: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and is associated with an average lifespan of 15 months after diagnosis. One contributing factor to this poor prognosis is the immune protection afforded by the tumor microenvironment. One method of immune evasion poorly characterized is the effect of tumor released exosomes. Methods: FasL gene expression was determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in three GBM cells lines: LN-229, U-138 MG and T98G. Exosomes were isolated from serum free supernatants by differential ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were quantified using a protein concentration assay. A3 Jurkat T cells were treated with quantified exosomes, recombinant FasL or untreated. After 24 hours a TUNEL assay was performed to investigate the potential apoptotic effects of GBM-derived exosomes. Results: FasL is expressed in LN-229, U-138 MG and T98G cell lines as determined by RT-PCR. After treating A3 Jurkat T cells with exosomes it appeared apoptosis was induced as compared to an untreated control as determined by DNA fragmentation. Discussion: Studies using prostate and colon cancer cell lines showed that FasL was expressed in tumor derived exosomes. When T cells were co-cultured with exosomes apoptosis was induced in a FasL-dependant manner. Our lab previously demonstrated that GBM-derived exosomes are able to inhibit T cell proliferation. These current data suggests that GBM-derived exosomes induce apoptosis in T cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5406. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5406
Marrow Stromal Cell Reponse to Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Nanocomposites

Current biomaterials as a scaffold for bone regeneration are limited by the extent of degradation concurrent with bone formation, mechanical strength, and the extent of osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells migrating from the surrounding tissues. In this project, a novel laminated nanocomposite scaffold is fabricated, consisting of poly (L-lactide ethylene oxide fumarate) (PLEOF) hydrogel reinforced with poly (L-lactide acid) (PLLA) electrospun nanofibers and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. The laminated nanocomposites were fabricated by dry-hand lay up technique followed by compression molding and thermal crosslinking. The laminated nanocomposites were evaluated with respect to mechanical strength and osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal (BMS) cells. Laminates showed modulus values much higher than that of hydrogel or fiber. The effect of laminated nanocomposites on osteogenic differentiation of BMS cells was determined in terms of ALPase activity and calcium content. Our results demonstrate that grafting RGD peptide to a PLEOF/HA hydrogel reinforced with PLLA nanofibers synergistically enhances osteogenic differentiation of BMS cells.
Inundative Releases of Chrysopa carnea for Control of Heliothis on Cotton

Eggs or larvae of Chrysopa carnea Stephens were released on cotton in the field and in field cages to control the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Two field releases totaling 292,000 C. carnea larvae per acre reduced populations as much as 96% and increased yield 3-fold. Releases of C. carnea eggs in field cages at rates of 50,000 and 100,000 per acre also provided effective control of the tobacco budworm.
States’ Rights and Refugee Resettlement

In the wake of the November 2015 Paris attacks, in which linkages were made between refugees and terrorists, calls for a suspension or enhancement of the U.S. refugee program rang out from a number of states. Proposed legislation in the congress and state houses have attempted to withdraw support for the President’s commitment to accept 10,000 Syrian refugees in 2016. Some states have taken aggressive steps to block the placement of refugees in their communities on the basis of their national origin. What legal authority do states have to question the authority of the Executive in the screening, acceptance, and placement of refugees in their communities? And in the name of security, do states have the ability to prevent refugees on the basis of their origin from residing within their states? This article takes a first attempt at answering these questions.
Oxidized HDL is a potent inducer of adipogenesis and causes activation of the Ang-II and 20-HETE systems in human obese females.

Abstract Background Oxidized - HDL (OX-HDL) has been reported to increase coronary events in obese patients; however, OX-HDL has not been studied in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. A high body mass index (BMI) correlates positively with higher levels of metabolic syndrome biomarkers including vasoconstrictors and adipokines. We hypothesize that a subject with a high BMI would present with higher levels of OX-HDL, 20-HETE and Angiotensin II (Ang II) with a reciprocal reduction in serum adiponectin. Methods Female subjects with a BMI of 17–25 and a BMI of 30–40, without overt cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in the study. All patients had a history and physical exam documenting the absence of signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Appropriate screening was done and documented. Blood pressure was taken at two discrete points. The BP data are presented as the average. Changes in the relationship between BMI, OX-HDL, 20-HETE, Ang II, TNFα, isoprostane and adiponectin were examined. In addition, the effects of OX-HDL, 20-HETE and Ang II on adipogenesis were examined in human MSC derived adipocytes. Results Subjects with a high BMI > 30 displayed an increase in OX-HDL and isoprostane (P Conclusions Females with increased BMI (30–40) exhibit a marked increase in OX-HDL and isoprostane levels, which was associated with an increase in 20-HETE, TNF α and Ang II and decreased levels of adiponectin when compared to a group with a low BMI. OX-HDL had a more powerful adipogenic effect when compared to 20-HETE and Ang II. Our study demonstrates that OX-HDL presents a unique inflammatory biomarker profile in obese females with the metabolic syndrome at risk for developing cardiovascular disease. This represents a novel mechanism by which females with a high BMI and controlled blood pressure remain “at risk” for the development of the metabolic syndrome as a result of increased adipogenesis by OX-HDL and activation of the 20-HETE and Ang II systems.
Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement of Mercuric Content in Food by Hydride Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

[Objective] To identify the source of uncertainty in measurement of mercuric content in food by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry which was adopted to evaluate the confidence extent of results.[Methods]According to JIF 1059-1999,the mathematic model was established,and the uncertainty components in process of determination were calculated. Meanwhile the uncertainty in measurement of mercuric content in foods by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry was analyzed.[Results]The results showed the major influential factors which resulted the uncertainty of the method were caused by Standard linear regression curve.[Conclusion]The control on the standard curve should be strengthened to improve the accuracy of determination.
The cardiorespiratory control hypothesis for sudden infant death syndrome.

A brainstem abnormality or maturational delay related to neuroregulation of cardiorespiratory control is currently the most compelling and comprehensive hypothesis for sudden infant death syndrome. Other autonomic functions mediated in the brainstem may also be involved. This article summarizes and critiques the cardiorespiratory control hypothesis and its potential role in stimulating the development of more accurate methods for prospective identification and effective interventions.
The Internet of feels

In February 2016, Facebook released ‘Reactions’, a feature that allows users to respond to posts on the social network with one of six different emotional icons, in addition to the ubiquitous ‘Like...
James Merrill’s 1956–1957 Journey to the East and The Changing Light at Sandover’s Peacock Motif

James Merrill’s life is one of contemporary poetry’s most interesting case studies. Son of the co-founder of the famous financial firm Merrill-Lynch, Merrill was a sensitive and artistically talent...
An integrative model of stress management groups for women.

This article proposes an integrative model for stress management groups for women, representing a biopsychosocial point of view and drawing on theories of psychodynamic group psychotherapy, self-ps...
Class Trips and the Meaning of British Citizenship: The Regent Street Polytechnic at Home and Abroad, 1871–1903

At the launch of the tourist season in the spring of 1895, John Cook, the director of one of Britain’s largest commercial travel agencies, Thomas Cook & Son, sent a series of missives to the Education Department demanding redress. In the letters, Cook accused Quintin Hogg, the founder of the London Regent Street Polytechnic and Young Men’s Christian Institute (YMCI), of using — perhaps even misappropriating — government educational grants to fund the Polytechnic Touring Association (PTA) and its “educational and co-operative tours.” “Pray do not misunderstand me,” Cook advised in one communique, “I am willing to admit that travelling is an important feature of education, but at the same time, I maintain that Thos. Cook & Son have done, and are doing more toward that particular line of education than anybody else in the Kingdom.” Thus, Cook reasoned, “if the Polytechnic is entitled to a Government allowance, then I must ask, what is Thomas Cook & Son entitled to?”1
Stress-Induced Behavior: Chemotherapy without Drugs

The effects of stress on behavior can be grouped into three general categories: (1) mild stress can induce or potentiate a variety of behaviors such as eating, aggression, and sexual behavior; (2) more severe stress may disrupt behavior by making it repetitious, less finely tuned to the environment and stereotyped; (3) severe stress can also totally suppress behavior. These effects of stress, which have been reported to occur in virtually all species, including man, may represent an attempt by the organism to reduce or eliminate the deleterious effects of the stress. In this sense, these behaviors represent a form of self-therapy.
A Bayesian approach to modeling 2D gravity data using polygons

ABSTRACTWe apply a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo formalism to the gravity inversion of a single localized 2D subsurface object. The object is modeled as a polygon described by five parameters: the number of vertices, a density contrast, a shape-limiting factor, and the width and depth of an encompassing container. We first constrain these parameters with an interactive forward model and explicit geologic information. Then, we generate an approximate probability distribution of polygons for a given set of parameter values. From these, we determine statistical distributions such as the variance between the observed and model fields, the area, the center of area, and the occupancy probability (the probability that a spatial point lies within the subsurface object). We introduce replica exchange to mitigate trapping in local optima and to compute model probabilities and their uncertainties. We apply our techniques to synthetic data sets and a natural data set collected across the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge i...
Elastic strain effects on the catalytic response of Pt and Pd thin films deposited on Pd–Zr metallic glass

In this study, the influence of an externally applied elastic strain on the electrochemical activity of metal film catalysts during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was examined. A novel three-layer specimen, composed of a 10 nm-thick Pt or Pd surface film on a 20 nm-thick Pd70Zr30 metallic glass film that was first deposited on a polymer substrate was used. The intermediate metallic glass layer is instrumental in allowing the top-layer catalytic film to be elastically deformed to a large elastic strain, (up to 2%), enabling a strain effect to be clearly observed. The results consistently show that an applied compressive strain improves the ORR catalytic activity of the Pd and Pt surface layer, while a tensile strain degrades it. These experimental findings are consistent with the prediction of the d-band model, and provide an opportunity to improve the catalytic response during ORR.
Early Termination of Turbo Decoding by Identification of Undecodable Blocks

In pursuing of optimizing the performance of the Turbo decoding, early stopping (ES) rules are deployed to reduce decoding latency and save resources. The aim of these rules is the reduction of the average number of iterations at a tolerable performance degradation. In this paper, a rule is proposed to detect undecodable blocks especially at low-mid SNRs. This method can be incorporated with any other early terminating method that works with the converging blocks only. The method is optimized to achieve the best iteration saving with negligible BER degradation.
Accounting for ‘how we know’ about the safety/risks with hydrofracking: an intergovernmental hearing on the revised Environmental Impact Statement on whether to permit hydrofracking in New York state

AbstractAn intergovernmental hearing on permitting hydrofracking in New York State is examined. This hearing proved to be a key moment in the debate on hydrofracking. The Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) advocates for accepting their revised Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), while some Assembly members raise concerns about the risks and are critical of the EIS. The focus is on how techno-scientific discourse is formulated to argue for or against permitting hydrofracking. In particular, models are cited. The DEC uses extreme-case formulations to amplify their knowledge claims about their modeling. ‘Extreme-case formulations’ involve heightened, maximal descriptions of how they know through modeling. Formulations can also be used to deflate the accuracy of modeling. The boom-and-bust cycle model is challenged by the DEC through the practice of reformulation. The boom-and-bust cycle is reformulated to a more benign process to counter the Assembly member’s account. Such techno-scientific dis...
Structural optimization of control arm for weight reduction and improved performance

Abstract Typical in high performance automotive and aerospace applications is the demand for reduced vehicle mass while maintaining adequate performance and safety. Formula SAE competition is no exception. The nature of the autocross style course favors vehicles with good acceleration capabilities, and both the fuel economy and acceleration events add to the desire for a lightweight vehicle design. In this paper, discussed the static analysis and torsion analysis of the Control arm by using Radioss software and o improve the stiffness of the Control Arm and weight reduction of component by changing the geometrical dimension and structural properties. This design is given by topology optimization for compare the base run analysis and optimized analysis. Meshing is carried out by using 10 nodes tetrahedral element in Hyper Mesh & topology optimization is carried out for the given design space. The topology optimization given the idea of optimum material layout based on load & boundary conditions. Using optimum material layout, the component geometry is finalized by keeping the strength of component constant & 30% reduction in weight.
Molecular Biology of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are catecholamine-secreting neural crest-derived tumors that arise from the adrenal medulla or extraadrenal sympathetic paraganglia, respectively. These tumors are genetically heterogeneous and an increasing fraction can be caused by germline mutations in at least six distinct genes, a finding that has challenged old paradigms of pheochromocytoma biology. In this chapter, we discuss the various hereditary mutations that cause pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, and describe recent molecular and genomic advances that are uncovering pathogenic signals responsible for tumorigenesis. Similarities amongst the various genetic forms of these tumors are being revealed which can be traced back to the developing neural crest. Despite signaling overlaps, well-established as well as emerging genotype–phenotype correlations of the different hereditary forms imply unique features of each gene that carries translational relevance. Current evidence suggests the existence of additional susceptibility genes that might account for genetically undefined pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. The progress of recent years in understanding disease pathogenesis is expected to improve patient screening and, in the long term, be translated into broader therapeutic options.
Natural Law, Metaphysics, and the Creator

In this paper, I contrast the notion of natural law on a secularist scientific picture with the notion of natural law in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. I show the way in which the highly various metaphysics of the two worldviews give rise to such divergent notions. In this connection, I look at contemporary arguments against reductionism in the sciences and in recent metaphysics. I argue that this new antireductionist approach sits more easily with the Thomistic worldview than with the secularist scientific view.
Distress tolerance and pain experience among young adults.

AbstractPain and pain related problems affect a significant proportion of the United States population. Past research suggests that emotional distress is associated with more severe and disabling pain experience. Yet, it is less clear how individual reactions to distress are related to pain experience. Distress tolerance, defined as the perceived ability to withstand cognitive, affective, or physical distress, is an individual difference factor that may be particularly important to understanding the experience of pain. The current study examined the association of distress tolerance with pain severity, pain disability, and frequency of pain disability in a sample of young adults (N = 1577, M age = 22.17) with mild to severe pain. Results indicated that, after controlling for gender, past 30-day opiate use, and perceived health status, lower distress tolerance was significantly associated with more severe and disabling pain. These novel empirical findings suggest distress tolerance may be a useful construc...
Increased Levels of Urinary Albumin: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor and a Target for Treatment

Excretion of albumin in the urine is highly variable, ranging from nondetectable quantities to grams. Increased levels of albuminuria are highly prevalent in healthy individuals and even more so in hypertensive and diabetic populations. The variable excretion of albumin in the urine is related to the risk for the individual to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD): absence or very low levels of albuminuria is associated with low risk, whereas the risk continuously increases (with no thresholds) with increasing amount of urinary albumin. The predictive power of urinary albumin levels for CVD risk is independent of other CVD risk factors. Leakage of albumin appears to be associated with a defect in vascular permeability, most likely caused by a defect in the glycocalyx layer. This defect appears to be not only present in the kidneys but also in other vascular beds, providing a potential explanation as to why increased albuminuria not only predicts renal disease risk but also CVD risk. Treatments that lower albuminuria are associated with cardiovascular protection, as demonstrated in randomized controlled trials of diabetic as well as hypertensive patients. There is preliminary evidence that albuminuria lowering also protects healthy individuals with elevated albumin excretion rates. In conclusion, albuminuria appears to be a sensitive marker for the susceptibility of an individual to develop CVD. Lowering albuminuria appears to be associated with cardiovascular protection._It may therefore be a suitable target for early primary prevention using cardiovascular protective therapy regimens.
Amnesia Associated with Electroconvulsive Therapy

Pharmacological treatments have been used in an attempt to improve the memory dysfunction induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Despite promising results from animal studies, human studies report few successes. Piracetam and physostigmine have been reported to directly improve memory test scores. The use of caffeine and liothyronine (triiodothyronine; T3) has been reported to reduce the number of ECT treatments required to produce a therapeutic effect, thus indirectly reducing memory deficits. However, the majority of studies on pharmacological treatments report no success.
Multiple Mechanisms of Top-Down Processing in Vision

No animal could survive for long without perception. We must perceive the world, not only to find food, shelter, and mates, but also to avoid predators. Perception will fail if an animal does not register what is actually in the world. However, this simple observation does not imply that all processing during perception is “bottom up”rd—driven purely by the sensory input. Rather, bottom-up processing can be usefully supplemented by using stored information, engaging in processing that is “top down”—driven by stored knowledge, goals, or expectations. In this chapter we explore the nature of top-down processing and its intimate dance with bottom-up processing. We begin by considering basic facts about the primate visual system, and then consider a theory of its functional organization, followed by novel proposals regarding the nature of different sorts of top-down processing.
Mind the gaps: Edge-based monitoring for continuous room-level location tracking

Abstract In-home monitoring applications often need strong and reliable contextual information to be of value. Indoor location tracking can play an important role in providing this context. However, most current indoor tracking solutions require extensive, application-specific knowledge and pre-deployment preparation, often including detailed information about floorplans and RF signal strength calibration, which is not practical in many deployments. This paper introduces an edge-based location monitoring technique that uses doorway sensors to detect doorway crossing events with walking directions. The approach is designed to provides room-level tracking. Users movement from a wearable device is used in conjunction with the edge-monitored approach to track multiple people. This method also enables the tracked location and doorway crossing events to be transformed into states and state transitions, respectively. This provides an opportunity to implement stochastic models to the edge-based location tracking to correct tracking errors and improve its accuracy, as demonstrated in simulation. This location tracking method has been implemented and deployed in a health monitoring study on dementia-related agitation.
Real steak knives of cincinnati: Repeated foreign body ingestion with novel endoscopic removal

Repeated ingestion of foreign objects presents a multidisciplinary endoscopic dilemma. We report a 32-year-old female patient with history of multiple previous foreign body ingestions requiring several past exploratory laparotomies, who presents with a knife blade in the esophagus. We present a novel method of using a rigid cervical esophagoscope with a salivary bypass tube. The tip of the knife was isolated into the cervical esophagoscope, and the salivary bypass tube advanced off the cervical esophagoscope over the knife, shielding the serrated edge during removal preventing laceration to the esophagus. Laryngoscope, 129:567-568, 2019.
SOME FACTORS WHICH GOVERN PLAQUE FORMATION BY LACTIC STREPTOCOCCAL BACTERIOPHAGE.

Summary A study was conducted of factors which may influence the accuracy of the plaque count obtained by the double-agar layer method as applied to lactic streptococcal bacteriophage. Host cell cu...
Evaluation of a Resident-led Residency Preparation Series for Fourth Year Pharmacy Students.

Description of Problem: The increased interest in residency programs nationwide has made the application process more competitive and complex. Statement of Innovation: In 2015, Wake Forest Baptist Health (WFBH) created a resident-led residency preparatory series (RPS) to assist advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students in preparing for residency applications. This study sought to evaluate the perceived value of the resident-led RPS by fourth year APPE students. Innovation: This single-center, survey-based, descriptive study aimed to evaluate the perceived impact of a resident-led RPS. All APPE students during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 academic years who completed rotations in the Triad region of North Carolina were invited to participate in the RPS. Surveys were sent to eligible students and data was captured for respondents who indicated an interest in pursuing residency and attendance to at least one RPS. Survey questions evaluated satisfaction with the RPS. Survey data was collected and analyzed using Qualtrics©. Critical Analysis: A total of 84 students were invited to attend the RPS. Thirty-three respondents participated in the RPS and indicated an interest in applying for a residency. The resident-led RPS was consistently well received by the majority of students over the course of two years, with over two-thirds of all respondents finding every session extremely or very useful. The majority of students agreed or strongly agreed with all confidence statements. Conclusion A resident-led RPS resulted in positive student perceptions and increased confidence in the residency application process. Article Type: Note
Detecting and reproducing error-code propagation bugs in MPI implementations

We present an approach to automatically detect and reproduce error code propagation bugs in MPI implementations. Specifically, we combine static analysis and program repair for bug detection, and apply fault injection to reproduce error propagation bugs found in MPI libraries written in C. We demonstrate our approach on the MPICH library, one of the most popular implementations of MPI, and the MPICH-based implementation MVAPICH, uncovering 447 previously unknown bugs. We discovered that 31 of these bugs result in program crashes, and 60% of the MPICH test suite is susceptible to crashing due to failures to propagate error codes. Moreover, 95 bugs produce undesirable behavior that has been confirmed dynamically, causing tests to fail, hanging processes, or simply dropping error codes before reaching user applications.
Quantitative proteomic landscape of metaplastic breast carcinoma pathological subtypes and their relationship to triple-negative tumors

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a highly aggressive form of triple-negative cancer (TNBC), defined by the presence of metaplastic components of spindle, squamous, or sarcomatoid histology. The protein profiles underpinning the pathological subtypes and metastatic behavior of MBC are unknown. Using multiplex quantitative tandem mass tag-based proteomics we quantify 5798 proteins in MBC, TNBC, and normal breast from 27 patients. Comparing MBC and TNBC protein profiles we show MBC-specific increases related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix, and reduced metabolic pathways. MBC subtypes exhibit distinct upregulated profiles, including translation and ribosomal events in spindle, inflammation- and apical junction-related proteins in squamous, and extracellular matrix proteins in sarcomatoid subtypes. Comparison of the proteomes of human spindle MBC with mouse spindle (CCN6 knockout) MBC tumors reveals a shared spindle-specific signature of 17 upregulated proteins involved in translation and 19 downregulated proteins with roles in cell metabolism. These data identify potential subtype specific MBC biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is among the most aggressive subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) but the underlying proteome profiles are unknown. Here, the authors characterize the protein signatures of human MBC tissue samples and their relationship to TNBC and normal breast tissue.
Additive manufacturing of multi-material soft robot for on-demand drug delivery applications

Abstract Soft robotics has tremendous potential for various in-vivo bio applications. However, developing untethered soft robots is quite challenging in terms of designing robust actuation systems, efficient fabrication processes and integrating multiple functionalities. This study proposes an untethered fully 3D printed soft robot, capable of multi-modal locomotion. This soft robot has a multi-material and compliant body structure made with magnetic particle-polymer composites which can be 3D printed directly from a digital computer model. The material composition is digitally programmed for untethered magnetic actuation and the robot contains two functional parts, anterior and posterior legs, with embedded magnetic materials. The robot has 3 degrees of freedom and it is capable of bi-directional bending in xy plane and z direction. In this study, the soft robot prototypes are printed with a novel magnetic field assisted projection stereolithography (M-PSL) technique. The magnetic torque on the robot body during turning locomotion is also measured experimentally and compared with theoretical prediction. Additionally, to demonstrate the multi-functionality of the robot, a magnetically controlled drug carrier reservoir is integrated into the anterior leg of the robot. The robot can store liquid drug inside this reservoir and release the drug once it reaches the target. A dummy drug delivery application is also demonstrated inside a human stomach model and a lung model.
Gravity dual of Connes cocycle flow

Author(s): Bousso, R; Chandrasekaran, V; Rath, P; Shahbazi-Moghaddam, A | Abstract: We define the "kink transform"as a one-sided boost of bulk initial data about the Ryu-Takayanagi surface of a boundary cut. For a flat cut, we conjecture that the resulting Wheeler-DeWitt patch is the bulk dual to the boundary state obtained by the Connes cocycle (CC) flow across the cut. The bulk patch is glued to a precursor slice related to the original boundary slice by a one-sided boost. This evades ultraviolet divergences and distinguishes our construction from a one-sided modular flow. We verify that the kink transform is consistent with known properties of operator expectation values and subregion entropies under CC flow. CC flow generates a stress tensor shock at the cut, controlled by a shape derivative of the entropy; the kink transform reproduces this shock holographically by creating a bulk Weyl tensor shock. We also go beyond known properties of CC flow by deriving novel shock components from the kink transform.
Staphylococcal apocrine gland infections in the dog (canine hidradenitis suppurativa).

SUMMARY Four cases of a unique, extensive apocrine gland pyoderma in dogs are reported. This syndrome has not been described previously. It is characterized by the following features. 1. Distribution: inner thighs, groin, scrotum or vulva, axilla. 2. Appearance of lesions: suppurative, sharply-marginated, erythematous, non-tender, warm plaques. 3. Surface exudate: PMN's with phagocytized bacteria; culture shows coagulase-positive, haemolytic staphylococci. 4. General health of animals: good. 5. Course: treatment induced only temporary remissions; three of four dogs euthanized, disease active in remaining animal. 6. Histology: inflammation and variable destruction of apocrine glands and peri-apocrine tissue. Infections of apocrine glands in man and dog are discussed from a comparative point of view.