cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward an Asian American Pastoral Theology of Radical Hospitality: Caring for Undocumented Migrants

Although the media and the public generally take it for granted that the U.S. migration crisis, especially the case of the undocumented migrants, is a Latinx problem, one should not overlook that t...
Outcome of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy‐based stereotactic radiation therapy for treatment of canine nasal carcinomas

Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) has emerged as a convenient definitive treatment modality in veterinary medicine, but few studies exist evaluating outcome with treatment for canine nasal tumors, and no studies report the treatment of one single tumor histotype. This retrospective, observational study evaluates toxicity, response, and survival in 17 dogs with nasal carcinomas treated with SRT. Dogs received a median of 3000 centigray in three fractions via 6-MV linear accelerator. Eighty-eight percent of patients (n = 15) demonstrated clinical benefit. Of dogs with repeated CT imaging (n = 10), 60% (n = 6) achieved a partial response and 10% (n = 1) achieved a complete response. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 359 days. Median survival time (MST) was 563 days. Among dogs evaluable for acute toxicity, 50% (n = 10) developed low grade toxicity (grade 1, n = 4; grade 2, n = 1). No patients developed grade 3 toxicity. 16 dogs (87%) evaluable over the long term developed signs consistent with possible late toxicity. The majority of late toxicities were mild (alopecia, hyperpigmentation, and leukotrichia n = 10; ocular discharge and keratoconjunctivitis sicca n = 5). Thirty-seven percent of patients (n = 6) developed seven possible grade 3 late toxicities (blindness, n = 3; fistula, n = 1; seizures, n = 3), which were difficult to distinguish from progressive disease in most patients. Of the prognostic factors evaluated (demographics, tumor stage, dosimetric data, epistaxis, facial deformity, clinical response, image-based response, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and chemotherapy), only clinical response was a positive prognostic factor on MST (P < .00). No factors were found to be significantly associated with PFS.
Thermal decomposition and diffusion of methane in clathrate hydrates from quantum mechanics simulations

Clathrate hydrates are ice-like crystalline substances in which small gas molecules are trapped inside the polyhedral cavities of water molecules. They are of great importance in both scientific research and the petroleum industry because of their applications in modern energy and environmental technologies. To achieve an atomistic-level understanding of the diffusion and decomposition of trapped molecules in clathrate hydrate, we used methane hydrates (MHs) as the prototype system and examined the methane diffusion and decomposition mechanism by employing quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum mechanics molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations. Our QMD simulations illustrated that the initial decomposition reaction in MHs initiates from hydrogen transfer among water molecules and attacks by fragments of O and OH on CH4 molecules are responsible for the destruction of the methane molecules. Next, our QM simulations revealed that the methane molecule prefers to escape from the ice cage through the hexagonal face at low temperature. To suppress the methane diffusion, we demonstrated that the diffusion barrier is significantly enhanced by adding electron or hole carriers. This is because the extra electrons and holes enhance the electrostatic interaction between methane and water molecules, leading to an increased diffusion barrier. Thus, the clathrate hydrates could be stabilized by adding extra free electron or hole carriers.
Interprofessional Image Verification Workshop for Physician and Physics Residents: A Multi-Institutional Experience.

Purpose Verification of patient position through pretreatment setup imaging is crucial in modern radiation therapy. As treatment complexity increases and technology evolves, physicist-physician collaboration becomes imperative for safe and successful radiation delivery. Despite the importance of both, residency programs lack formal interprofessional education (IPE) activities or structured training for image verification. Here we show the impact of an interprofessional image verification workshop for residents in a multi-institutional setting. Methods The workshop included a lecture by the attending physicist and physician, and hands-on image registration practice by learners (medical physics residents, MP; and radiation oncology residents, RO). All participants filled out pre- and postactivity surveys and rated their comfort from 1 to 10 in (A) selecting what type of imaging to order for a given case and (B) independently assessing the setup quality based on imaging. A paired 1-tailed t test (α = 0.05) was used to evaluate significance; Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to assess correlation of ratings and RO postgraduate year (PGY). Surveys had free-response questions about IPE and image verification activities in residency. Results A total of 71 residents from 7 institutions participated between 2018 and 2020. Pre- and postsurveys were completed by 50 residents (38RO, 12MP) and showed an increase in (A) from 5.5 ± 2.2 to 7.1 ± 1.6 (P Conclusions Formal image verification training increases resident comfort with setup imaging review and provides opportunities for interprofessional collaboration in radiation oncology residency programs.
Understanding Opioid Actions, Pain and Analgesia: A Tribute to Dr. Gavril Pasternak.

This special issue is a tribute to our mentor, colleague and friend, Gavril W. Pasternak, MD, PhD. Homage to the breadth and depth of his work (~ 450 publications) over a 40 career in pharmacology and medicine cannot be captured fully in one special issue, but the 22 papers collected herein represent seven of the topics near and dear to Gav’s heart, and the colleagues, friends and mentees who held him near to theirs. The seven themes include: (1) sites and mechanisms of opioid actions in vivo; (2) development of novel analgesic agents; (3) opioid tolerance, withdrawal and addiction: mechanisms and treatment; (4) opioid receptor splice variants; (5) novel research tools and approaches; (6) receptor signaling and crosstalk in vitro; and (7) mentorship. This introduction to the issue summarizes contributions and includes formal and personal remembrances of Gav that illustrate his personality, warmth, and dedication to making a difference in patient care and people’s lives.
Entrepreneurial Processes and Industry Development:The Case of Baltimore’s Canning Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurship is at the heart of new developments that often lead to the creation of new industries. This study examines the origins of the canning industry via the experiences of three of its e...
A Texas-specific VS30 map incorporating geology and VS30 observations:

A Texas-specific VS30 map that uses geostatistical kriging integrated with a region-specific geologic proxy, field measurements of VS30, and P-wave seismogram estimates of VS30 is developed. The re...
Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction.

Caloric restriction has been known for nearly a century to extend life span and delay age-associated pathology in laboratory animals. More recently, alternative “antiaging” diet modalities have bee...
Divide, Conquer, and Pay: Civil Compensation for Wartime Damages

The United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) was created by the United Nations (U.N.) in order to compensate monetarily those injured personally and financially by Iraq's illegal actions during the Persian Gulf War (Gulf War). This Note compares the situation in Iraq to that in the former Yugoslavia and considers why such a compensation system was instated in Iraq but not in the Balkans. The author concludes that the UNCC will serve as precedent for the imposition of civil liability for wartime damages and delineates those circumstances under which such a civil compensation system could exist.
Treatment of oral Kaposi's sarcoma with a sclerosing agent in AIDS patients: A preliminary study

Presently oral Kaposi's sarcoma is primarily treated with systemic and intralesional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation, and occasionally lasers. Each of these modalities achieves varying degrees of success. In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the traditional treatments are frequently accompanied by local and generalized side effects that are detrimental to an already compromised immune system. Experience using sclerosing agents to treat other oral vascular lesions in healthy patients is known to produce excellent results. To evaluate the use of this treatment method in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 15 oral lesions in 12 patients were injected with 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradecol). Thirteen lesions were located on hard palate; nine were nodular, three papular, and three macular. One week after treatment, some degree of ulceration occurred in all lesions with healing beginning by the middle of the second week. Six lesions required a second treatment to completely resolve. In one patient, healing was delayed, and the patient encountered a period of discomfort as a result of superficial bone sequestration. All other lesions healed uneventfully without the major side effects encountered with the other commonly used methods. Patients were followed for recurrence until they died or moved away. No recurrences were noted, with many followed for 18 months or longer. It is suggested that for lesions 2.6 cm or less in size, a sclerosing agent may be a better treatment modality than those now commonly used for oral Kaposi's sarcoma.
Rapid Characterization of the Degradation of Composites Using Plate Waves Dispersion Data

NDE methods are needed to determine the structure integrity, stiffness and durability (residual life) of structures and they can be extremely useful in assuring the performance of structures using smaller safety factors. While the integrity and stiffness can be extracted directly from NDE measurements, strength and durability can not be associated with physical parameters and therefore, cannot be measured by NDE methods. Specifically, NDE methods are developed to detect and characterize flaws and to determine the material properties of test specimens. For many years, composites as multi-layered anisotropic media, have posed a challenge to the NDE research community. Pulse-echo and through-transmission are the leading methods that are used in practice to evaluate the quality of composites. However, these methods provide limited and mostly qualitative information about the material properties and many defects. Following the discovery of the LLW and the Polar Backscattering phenomena in composites [1,2], numerous experimental and analytical studies have taken place using obliquely insonified ultrasonic waves [3–5]. These studies led to the development of effective quantitative NDE capabilities to determine the elastic properties, to accurately characterize defects and even to evaluate the quality of adhesively bonded joints [6, 7]. In spite of the progress that was made both theoretically and experimentally, oblique insonification techniques are still academic tools and have not yet become standard industrial test methods for NDE of composite materials. The authors investigated the issues that are hampering the transition of these methods to the practical world of NDE and are involved with extensive studies to address these issues. This paper covers the progress that was made by the investigators in tackling the theoretical and experimental issues to solidify the foundation of the techniques and their transition to practical NDE tools.
The lawlessness of law: lynching and anti-lynching in the contemporary USA

This article examines the mutually constitutive nature of mob rule and rule of law, arguing that American histories of lynching indicate it has been a form of state-sanctioned violence rather than ...
Innovations in Undergraduate Science Education: Going Viral

ABSTRACT Bacteriophage discovery and genomics provides a powerful and effective platform for integrating missions in research and education. Implementation of the Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) program facilitates a broad impact by including a diverse array of schools, faculty, and students. The program generates new insights into the diversity and evolution of the bacteriophage population and presents a model for introducing first-year undergraduate students to discovery-based research experiences.
Epidemiologic research with administrative databases: red herrings, false alarms and pseudo-epidemics

In 1994, Altman (1994) startled themedical world by declaring that poor research is as unethical as fraudulent research. His reasoning was simple: both kinds of research mislead which, in turn, harms patients. A decade later, others (von Elm and Egger, 2004) found that the problem had persisted. With the growing indiscriminate use of administrative databases for epidemiologic research (Grimes, 2010) the problem has only gottenworse since then. The record-linkage studyof assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and cancer in this issue (Reigstad et al., 2015a) illustrates the problem.
Low doses of naloxone and MIF-1 peptides increases fluid consumption in rats

Three studies were done with albino rats to determine the effects of low doses of opiate antagonists on fluid intake. In Experiment 1, male rats were deprived of water for 12 hr and then randomly injected IP with 0.0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg of naloxone. Ten min later they were given free access to a 20% sucrose solution and consumption was measured for the next 30 and 60 min on 2 consecutive days. Only animals injected with 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg drank significantly less than controls. The other doses were not reliably different from controls but on Day 1 animals injected with 0.01 mg/kg of naloxone drank slightly more than controls. Experiment 2 followed the same procedure with lower doses of 0.0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/kg of naloxone. Although the effect of 0.1 mg/kg of naloxone was again not significant, this time animals injected with 0.001 and 0.01 mg/kg of naloxone consumed reliably more fluid than controls. Experiment 3 extended the findings to a peptide with opiate antagonistic properties and its analogs. Male and female rats were randomly assigned to receive an IP injection of 0.0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg of naloxone, MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2), the pGlu analog (pGlu-Leu-Gly-NH2), or Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2). Measurement of intake occurred every 30 min or 600 min. Consumption was significantly increased. Rats injected with MIF-1 drank the most, followed in order by those injected with the pGlu analog, naloxone, Tyr-MIF-1, and controls. Dose was also reliable in a dose-dependent fashion, with animals receiving the lowest dose of 0.01 mg/kg drinking the most. None of the groups drank less than the controls. Sex was also significant in interactions with substance and dose. The results suggest that in some situations low doses of opiate antagonists may facilitate fluid consumption even though high doses are known to suppress the same behavior. The data also support the role of MIF-1 and MIF-1 analogs as opiate antagonists.
Linkages Between Secondary and Primary Markets for Mortgages: The Role of Retained Portfolio Investments of the Government-Sponsored Enterprises

The author analyzes the role of the retained portfolio investments of the government-sponsored enterprises, FNMA and FHLMC. The retained portfolio is shown to be a powerful instrument to influence yield spreads in the secondary and primary markets for mortgages. The long-run investment function links mortgage yields to the volume of their portfolio investments, guaranteeing that the spread cannot diverge indefinitely. A one basis point increase in the spread is estimated to produce an infusion of $554 million in the secondary market. When there is a deviation from long-run equilibrium investment levels, short- run dynamics (changes in purchases and spread) are set in motion to correct the disequilibrium. These benefits are passed directly to the homeowner. There is a one-to-one transmission mechanism; a reduction of one 1 bp in the secondary market spread reduces the primary market spread by 1 bp, rendering these markets efficient.
An oligocene (?) colorado plateau edge in arizona

Abstract Our emphasis is on the development history of the southern and southwestern physiographic edge of the Colorado Plateau Province in Arizona. This edge, which marks the southern termination of Permian cliff-making strata, diagonally bisects Arizona over a distance of about 500 km. This escarpment zone, frequently called the Mogollon Rim in central Arizona, long has been of geologic and popular interest. Its origin has often been linked with a major, late Cenozoic “plateau uplift” and faulting associated with the late Cenozoic Basin and Range disturbance. Our studies indicate that a pre-mid-Miocene rim history should be recognized, in general (Peirce et al., 1978), and an Oligocene (?) erosional event, in particular. Basically, a plateau edge escarpment had evolved by mid-Miocene time, prior to the onset of Basin and Range faulting and the development of the modern Grand Canyon. The location and trend of the physiographic edge of the plateau is influenced by a combination of a sequence of incompetent—competent late Paleozoic strata, and slight northeast tilting caused by at least two recognized tectonic events. These are: (1) pre-Turonian Mesozoic regional tilting, and (2) late Cretaceous—early Tertiary Laramide orogeny. The Eocene—Oligocene rim gravel was deposited by northerly-directed drainage above an early Tertiary erosion surface of regional extent. Later, in Oligocene (?) time, a generally unrecognized tectonic event induced erosion and down-cutting that outlined an ancestral Colorado Plateau physiographic margin with relief of up to 600 m. This escarpment zone formed a barrier to the regional, northerly trending drainage of Rim gravel time. Sediments of late (?) Oligocene—early Miocene age were deposited in the valleys at the base of the plateau edge. Subsequently, about 13 m.y. ago, relatively minor, discontinuous faulting, associated with the Basin and Range disturbance, was superimposed on or near the topographically low zone adjacent to the escarpment. One, the Oak Creek fault, extended into the preexistent plateau adge and influenced erosional modification. The preservation of Cretaceous marine strata along portions of the present plateau physiographic edge at elevations above 2 km is indicative of uplift relative to sea level. However, it is not yet possible to decipher the respective influences that the Laramide, mid-Tertiary, and late Cenozoic tectonic events might have had on elevations. Geographically, tectonic influence boundaries cannot yet be accurately assigned. The Colorado Plateau southern physiographic border in Arizona is primarily an Oligocene (?) erosional feature and is not a major tectonic boundary along which late Cenozoic differential “plateau uplift” is manifested.
Zircon saturation re-revisited

Abstract Improvements in experimental, analytical and computational methodologies together with published studies yielding seemingly contradictory results prompted us to return to the determination of zircon stability in the range of felsic to intermediate melts expected in continental environments. We (re-)analyzed both the run products from the zircon crystallization study of Watson and Harrison (1983) and a new style of zircon dissolution experiments (up to 25 kbar) using a large radius ion microprobe to constrain a refined zircon solubility model. The new data yield broadly similar patterns as before when arrayed for temperature and confirm that the parameter M [=(Na + K + 2Ca)/(Al·Si)] is an appropriate compositional proxy for the chemical interactions through which zircon is dissolved. We used a Bayesian approach to optimize the calculation of the coefficients in the zircon solution model, which is given by: ln D Zr = 10108 ± 32 / T K − 1.16 ± 0.15 M − 1 − 1.48 ± 0.09 where DZr is the distribution coefficient of Zr between zircon and melt and the errors are at one sigma. Sensitivity tests indicate that temperature and composition are the two dominant controls on zircon solubility in crustal melts with no observable effects due to pressure (up to 25 kbar) or variable water content. Comparison of the down-temperature extrapolation with natural examples confirms the validity of the model at ca. 700 °C.
Association of diabetes with dyskinesia in older psychosis patients

Older patients treated with antipsychotics are more likely to develop tardive dyskinesia (TD) than younger individuals. Advanced age is also an important risk factor for diabetes, which may be associated with TD. These observations suggest that older diabetic patients may be particularly vulnerable to developing TD. To examine whether older psychosis patients with diabetes exhibit more severe dyskinesia than well-matched patients without diabetes and to test whether there are differences in dyskinesia severity between diabetic patients treated with conventional versus atypical antipsychotics versus those not taking antipsychotic medications. Sixty-one psychosis patients with diabetes and 122 case-matched non-diabetic comparison patients were studied. Observer-based and quantitative instrumental measures were administered to assess prevalence and severity of dyskinesia. Raters were unaware of patients’ diabetes status. Diabetic patients exhibited significantly more severe TD than non-diabetic comparison patients. Groups did not differ in terms of severity of parkinsonism. Significantly more diabetic (27.9%) than non-diabetic (14.6%) patients met research diagnostic criteria for TD. Diabetic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics at the time of assessment had significantly more severe TD than all other patient subgroups, including patients treated with conventional antipsychotics. Results from the instrumental measures of force steadiness were consistent with observer-based severity ratings. The deleterious effect of diabetes on TD in the absence of any effect of parkinsonism supports preclinical studies of glucose-related dopamine hyperfunction and has implications for the pharmacologic management of psychosis in patients with pre-existing diabetes.
Immunosuppression switch in pediatric heart transplant recipients: Cyclosporine to FK 506

Objectives. We studied rejection, allograft function and side effects, such as hypertension, renal dysfunction and hypercholesterolemia, in seven patients switched from cyclosporine-based triple-drug immunosuppression to FK 506. Background. A subset of pediatric heart transplant recipients treated with triple-drug immunosuppression consisting of cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone experience either persistent rejection when attempts are made to taper corticosteroids or morbidity from cyclosporine and corticosteroids. Experience with the new immunosuppressive agent FK 506 has demonstrated its effectiveness as a single agent in heart transplant recipients, and anecdotal evidence has shown that side effects such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia may be lower. Methods. Seven patients whom we deemed corticosteroid dependent were switched to FK 506—based therapy. Allograft function, episodes of rejection, need for corticosteroids and incidence of side effects from FK 506 were monitored. The switch to FK 506 was performed using an established protocol. Follow-up time has ranged from 15 to 41 months. Serial right heart catheterizations and endomyocardial biopsies were performed after each reduction of corticosteroid dosing. Results. Catheterization data showed no significant change in pulmonary wedge pressure, mean right atrial pressure or cardiac index, indicating no decline in allograft function. Serial echocardiographic variables of allograft function were also stable. At present, all seven patients are free of the corticosteroid portion of their immune suppression. There have been only two episodes of significant acute rejection requiring treatment with intravenous corticosteroids. Antihypertensive medications have been discontinued in five of six patients previously treated with these drugs. Plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were decreased, and renal function was stable. Conclusions. Preliminary studies suggest that FK 506 may be an alternative immunosuppressive agent for pediatric and adolescent patients experiencing ongoing rejection or significant morbidity from cyclosporine and corticosteroids and in those patients dependent on corticosteroids for immune suppression.
Rheo-optical properties of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer

Abstract Rheo-optical studies on aligned and unaligned melts of a main chain thermotropic polyester with flexible spacers are discussed in terms of the predictions of the Ericksen-Leslie equations. Experiments show that the material exhibits two different shear-flow regimes depending on the temperature at which the experiments are performed. It is shown, using conoscopy, that the director is flow-aligning at temperatures close to TNI and nonflow-aligning close to a smectic to nematic (TSN) phase transition. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the change in sign of one of the Leslie viscosity coefficients and interpreted in the framework of the Ericksen-Leslie Theory.
Characterization of the complex formed between samarium diiodide and the dehydro dimer of HMPA (diHMPA)

A new ligand that facilitates samarium diiodide-mediated reductions has been developed. Addition of a solution of samarium diiodide to the dehydro dimer of hexamethylphosphoramide results in a purple complex which is an excellent reductant for a variety of organic functionalities. The complex was characterized by the kinetics of reduction of 1-bromodecane, visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.
The study of change as a concept—in cultural anthropology

(1966). The study of change as a concept—in cultural anthropology. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 5, Planning for Educational Change, pp. 11-19.
Ecological structure of a herpetological assemblage in South India

We collected detailed microhabitat information on 1460 specimens comprising 52 species of amphibians and reptiles from a small area of tropical evergreen forest in South India. Although most individuals were found in non-riparian situations, the number caught in and along streams was higher than expected on the basis of collecting effort. Very few animals were caught under logs and rocks. When niche breadth values are corrected for variation in sample size, we find no correlation between magnitude of niche breadth and general habitat usage, such as terrestriality vs. arboreality. A cluster analysis of 28 common species using niche overlap values reveals one group of 6 terrestrial species with very high niche overlap values and high co-occurrence within collecting sorties; this group probably represents a genuine terrestrial guild. Another set of 4 terrestrial species is peripherally associated with the first 6, whereas the remaining species show generally low overlap values. Altitudinal restriction is an almost ubiquitous feature of the distribution of species in this fauna, with distinct groups of low (below 300 m), intermediate (300-399 m), and high altitude (above 399 m) taxa roughly corresponding to major shifts in forest types. At a broader level of analysis, we find considerable evidence for local endemism within partially isolated hill ranges in the Western Ghats, suggesting that geographic isolation may be an important contributing factor to the diversity of the South Indian herpetofauna.
Physical And Mathematical Aspects Of Transmission 3-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

3-Dimensional Structure Analysis or image reconstruction is reviewed in view points of physics. Optimum energy of probe radiation in particular reference to photons and related aspects such as image enhancement using reference materials (-water like) are discussed. Existing computer algorithms are briefly reviewed in particular reference to the linear superposition with compensation (LSC) technique.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Social regulation in virtual spaces

The described dissertation focuses on social regulation of user behavior within virtual social spaces. A multi-year field study of two fantasy-based game MUDs (multi-user dungeons) was conducted to gain a detailed understanding of the work involved in regulating behavior in these virtual environments. This field study examines the work and techniques employed by game administrators (immortals) to maintain social regulation over their respective game MUDs. One key feature of social regulation in such virtual spaces is the use and possible use of specialized software routines to regulate specific behaviors. Ongoing analysis of the field study data is expected to provide an understanding of how aspects of the virtual world affect the manner in which social regulation is performed.
CAI-enhanced exam performance in a research design course

The efficacy of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for increasing test performance in an experimental design course was tested using two commercially available programs to supplement course material. CAI was used to supplement course content for one of three examinations. Comparisons were also made with performance on the exams from 2 previous years. The results indicate a significant enhancement of performance by CAI.
Population growth and development in the Third World: the neocolonial context.

Less developed countries (LDCs) that were colonies of other nations continued operating under the same social and political structures set up by the former ruling nations. The small minority of elites in the LDCs held on to the power acquired during colonial times. In order to preserve their political and financial status after independence they maintained their close linkages to the capitalist nations and their multinational corporations (MNCs). The elites did not generally have popular support however. These capitalist nations and their commercial interests continue to dictate most LDCs development process which supports the financial interests of the MNCs and the local elites and not those of the majority the poor. The poor realize that they are trapped and unable to break away from the economic and political structures therefore to assure some form of security they have many children which exacerbates their poverty. Yet population control policies based on Malthusian theory and those that rely on such undimensional technical approaches as family planning alone cannot cure the multidimensional social problems of high population growth and poverty. Neither the Malthusian nor Marxist theories totally explain the situation in the LDCs or even provide workable solutions. Research on population and development in LDCs needs to address both the Malthusian concern for the problems posed by high growth rates and the Marxist critique of class struggle in development trends. To eliminate the trap of poverty and dependent economies each country must design its own remedies based on its history culture and geography and alter the prevailing social economic and political power structures in favor of the poor. 6 propositions that must be modified to each nations particular problems and needs are presented to guide LDCs in formulating or reformulating policies to alleviate the problems of population and poverty.
Performance comparison of rectangular (4-point) and diagonal (2-point) dither

Staring array imagers can exhibit sampling artifacts. Dither is a mechanical means of raising the spatial sampling rate without increasing the number of detectors on the focal plane array. Diagonal (two-point or slant-path) dither is easier to implement mechanically than rectangular (four- point orbow-tie) dither. Also, diagonal dither generates half the data rate of rectangular dither. However, diagonal dither does not sample the image as effectively as rectangular dither. The cost and complexity advantages of diagonal dither must be traded against the expectation of reduced performance. This paper discusses analytical and empirical predictions of the performance difference between diagonal and rectangular dither.
Composition and interpretation of stratified deposits in ancestral Hopi villages at Homol’ovi

During more than 20 years excavating in five of the seven ancestral Hopi villages comprising the Homol’ovi Settlement Cluster in northeastern Arizona, an incredible diversity of depositional practices has been noted within and outside structures. This paper focuses on one particular class of deposits unique in its use of ash either as part of the composition of deposits or as caps to deep, complex deposits. The association of ash with ritual structures, rare or unusual objects, and structural fires is explored and explained as likely tied to purification ritual and attempts to forget the past. Recognition of these deposits was possible through a systematic study of stratigraphic patterns among all excavation units.
Efficacy of Handwriting For Heroes, a novel hand dominance transfer intervention

IntroductionHandwriting For Heroes is a six-week hand dominance transfer intervention for adults who sustain injuries that result in permanent loss of dominant hand function. While used in military...
Cellular mediators secreted by interfacial membranes obtained at revision total hip arthroplasty

Abstract The interfacial membrane between implant and host—bone in aseptically loose total hip arthroplasties has a potential role in the etiology of local bone resorption and loosening of the prosthetic component. Inflammatory/potential “bone-resorbing” agents (cytokines/mediators) released by the cells of the interfacial membranes of loosened uncemented and cemented total hip arthroplasties were measured. Synovial tissues from patients with acute femoral neck fractures, patients with osteoarthritis, and cadavers without joint disorders were used as control subjects. Control synovial tissue from osteoarthritic patients secreted the highest levels of prostaglandin E 2 , interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Interleukin-1α was the only cytokine whose levels were elevated as much as 4-fold around uncemented implants compared with cemented implants, and up to 16-fold compared with control synovial tissue. An apparent inverse relation between interleukin-1α and interleukin-6 interfacial membranes of total hip arthroplasties compared with control synovial tissues suggests a complex cellular mechanism through a cytokine/prostaglandin cascade; this may regulate the observed bone resorption in aseptic loosening.
Alluvial Architecture of Channel Belt Margins of Mississippi River, False River Region, Louisiana: ABSTRACT

The term "alluvial architecture" refers to the spatial arrangement and stratigraphic relationships between fixed channel belts (shoestring sands) and finer grained intervening flood-basin deposits. Overbank subenvironments associated with an active channel belt of the Mississippi River, including the levee, crevasses, and splay deposits, the upper point bar, and the abandoned channels, were cored using a standard vibracorer and Giddings Rig Soil probe. This study proposes that two end-member types of transition zones exist between channel belts and flood basins at an instant in time for a simple, sine-wave-shaped stream meandering in a fixed channel belt: (1) a levee to backswamp transition zone (type A), and (2) an upper point bar to backswamp transition zone (type B). T pe A transition zones, which consist of interstratified crevasse channel-fills, crevasse splay sheet sands, and fine-grained material of the natural levee, have greater potential for preservation than do type B transitions because crevasse splay deposits may extend for kilometers out into flood basins (type A) whereas preexisting point-bar deposits are destroyed during channel migration within the channel belt (type B). In type B transition zones, a sharp, erosional contact between the backswamp and upper point-bar subenvironments exists because of lateral migration of the point bar through preexisting facies within the fixed channel belt. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1420------------
Effect of Forage Particle Size on In Situ Digestion Kinetics

Abstract The effect of forage particle size on in situ DM digestion kinetics was evaluated. Six forages, "Florida-77" alfalfa, "Florigraze" rhizoma peanut, "Tifton-78" bermudagrass, "Mott" dwarf elephantgrass, "Pensacola" bahiagrass, and "Floralta" limpograss were ground through a 2-mm screen and separated into particle size fractions by dry sieving. Mean particle size of forages ranged from 256 to 341 μ m. Particle shape appeared different between legumes and grasses. Grasses had mostly rectangular and needle-shaped particles whereas legumes had square or triangular-shaped particles. Three particle sizes (710, 355, and 106 μ m) of bermudagrass and rhizoma peanut were chosen for further evaluation. Percent NDF decreased while percent CP increased with decreasing particle size. Five-gram samples were incubated in situ for 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 72h. Lag, rate, and extent of DM digestion were determined. Rate and extent of DM digestion of rhizoma peanut increased with decreasing particle size but was unchanged for bermudagrass. Different particle size fractions potentially can have different rates and extents of DM digestion.
Efficient algorithms of video replication and placement on a cluster of streaming servers

A cost-effective approach to building up scalable video streaming servers is to couple a number of streaming servers together in a cluster so as to alleviate the inherent storage and networking constraints of streaming services. In this article, we investigate a crucial problem of video replication and placement on a distributed storage cluster of streaming servers for high quality and high availability services. We formulate it as a combinatorial optimization problem with objectives of maximizing the encoding bit rate and the number of replicas of each video and balancing the workload of the servers. The objectives are subject to the constraints of the storage capacity and the outgoing network-I/O bandwidth of the servers. Under the assumption of single fixed encoding bit rate for all video objects with different popularity values, we give an optimal replication algorithm and a bounded placement algorithm, respectively. We further present an efficient replication algorithm that utilizes the Zipf-like video popularity distributions to approximate the optimal solutions, which can reduce the complexity of the optimal replication algorithm. For video objects with scalable encoding bit rates, we propose a heuristic algorithm based on simulated annealing. We conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of the algorithms and demonstrate their effectiveness via simulations over a synthetic workload set.
Usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography during low-level exercise testing early after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction

Abstract To determine whether 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic measures of segmental and global left ventricular (LV) function immediately on recovery of low-level, symptom-limited treadmill exercise are as sensitive as the same variables measured at peak bicycle exercise, 21 patients were studied after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The recovery treadmill ejection fraction analysis was predictive of the peak bicycle results in 18 of the 21 patients (86%) and recovery treadmill wall motion abnormalities were predictive of the peak bicycle analysis in 17 (81%) (p
Can simultaneous incentive contrast be produced by the pharmacological effects of alcohol

Three groups, each consisting of 10 female albino rats, were run in an experiment that tested for simultaneous incentive contrast effects by varying the alcohol content of fluids consumed prior to conditioning trials. All groups received five food pellets as reward in the runway. One control group drank an alcoholic fluid, and the second control group drank a nonalcoholic fluid. The experimental group drank the alcoholic fluid on some days and the nonalcoholic fluid on alternate days. Comparison of the appropriate experimental and control conditions revealed no positive contrast effect and only a marginal negative contrast effect in goal speeds.
Rehabilitation in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.

A 58-year-old man was referred for outpatient evaluation as the result of functional loss resulting from NSF. The patient had a complicated medical history that included diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hypothyroidism, atrial fibrillation, and renal failure for which he underwent kidney transplant. After transplantation the patient experienced cytomegalovirus and nocardia infections that involved the lung and brain. Because of the severity and the extent of the nocardia infection, immunosuppressant medications were stopped, the transplanted kidney was surgically removed, and peritoneal dialysis was initiated. Despite these complications, the patient remained independent in all self-care and mobility skills. To assess treatment efficacy of the nocardia infection, the patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with gadolinium. One month after this study, he began to experience stiffness and weakness of arms and legs. His symptoms worsened, and his function rapidly declined. Follow-up with his treatment team led to a skin biopsy and the diagnosis of NSF. The patient was started on 400 mg of imatinib mesylate and referred for rehabilitation evaluation. At the time of outpatient evaluation the patient required assistance for all self-care and mobility skills. He complained of a sense of tightness in all 4 limbs, with bilateral lower extremity numbness and tingling. On examination, the skin of both the upper and lower extremities was hard to the touch with a woody texture and hyperpigmented areas more pronounced distally. Significant limitations in passive range of motion were noted at all joints of both the upper and lower extremities bilaterally with functional strength within active range of motion. His general physical examination was unremarkable with the exception of an irregularly irregular heart rate, which was confirmed to be atrial fibrillation on electrocardiogram. Because the patient reported that he had undergone cardioversion andanablationprocedureinthepasttocontrolhisatrialfibrillation,itwasdecidedtoadmit the patient to the telemetry unit of the acute care hospital for treatment of his atrial fibrillation, initiation of anticoagulation, and the reinstitution of hemodialysis. After a 4-day acute care stay the patient was transferred for comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation. Functional assessment at the time of admission confirmed that the patient required minimal assistance for eating, grooming, and upper body dressing; moderate assistance for toileting; and maximal assistance for lower extremity dressing. Mobility was also impaired, and he required moderate assistance for transfers and was unable to ambulate. His rehabilitation program focused on improving range of motion in the lower extremities
Is sickling trait associated with an increased risk for multiple myeloma

In the US, multiple myeloma (MM) rates have been disproportionately higher in states with high proportions of African Americans. Understanding this disparity may assist in developing new control/prevention strategies for MM. Most of the known associated risk factors for MM are occupational and/or environmental. A possible chromosomal link between sickle cell disease and leukemia, a hematologic malignancy like MM, has been described. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to be central to the pathogenesis of MM, inducing proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in neoplastic plasma cells. IL-6 levels are also increased in healthy sickle cell disease patients. This role of IL-6 in the pathophysiology of MM and sickle cell disease makes it pertinent to ask whether persons with abnormal sickling erythrocytes are more at risk of developing MM than persons with no abnormal sickling erythrocytes. Abrogating the IL-6 signaling pathway will be of therapeutic interest for both MM and sickle cell disease.
The role of time delay, cross section, and action in a classical interacting dilute gas

Abstract In this paper, a reformulation is presented of the classical statistical mechanics of a dilute interacting gas. The grand canonical potential and virial expansion of a dilute interacting gas are reinterpreted in terms of differential particle-scattering cross sections and time delays. Through this interpretation, we are able more clearly to realize the role of time delay in the classical scattering process. We also gain by our interpretation more physical insight, in contrast to the more abstract cluster-expansion method. It is finally shown that our method is analogous to the quantum-mechanical S -matrix formulation of statistical mechanics for a dilute interacting gas. Possible applications are briefly discussed.
Late components of motor unit potentials in a patient with myoglobinuria

A 45-year-old woman had severe weakness, myoglobinuria, and elevated muscle enzyme levels in the serum after a flulike illness. Electromyography some four weeks later showed motor unit potentials with late components; these remained present on subsequent electromyographic examinations performed at approximately monthly intervals for the following year. The persistence of motor unit potentials with late components is taken to imply that the late components were caused either by sprouts that failed to undergo myelination or, more likely, by ectopically innervated muscle fibers.
Magnetic susceptibility of [(CH3)3NH]2Cu4Cl10, a weak ferromagnetic chain of S = 2 linear tetramers

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of [(CH3)3NH]2Cu4Cl10 was measured and found to fit a linear tetramer model with ferromagnetic coupling constants J k = 77 K . This is in agreement with the linear structure of the Cu4Cl10 units. Ferromagnetic long-range ordering between tetramers is estimated to occur at 0.8 K. This is in contrast to the bromide analog which has antiferromagnetic coupling constants of J 1 k = −180 K and J 2 k = −140 K
UAV-based L-band SAR with precision flight path control

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is currently implementing a reconfigurable polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), specifically designed to acquire airborne repeat track interferometric (RTI) SAR data, also know as differential interferometric measurements. Differential interferometry can provide key displacement measurements, important for the scientific studies of Earthquakes and volcanoes. Using precision real-time GPS and a sensor controlled flight management system, the system will be able to fly predefined paths with great precision. The radar will be designed to operate on a UAV (Unmanned Arial Vehicle) but will initially be demonstrated on a minimally piloted vehicle (MPV), such as the Proteus build by Scaled Composites. The application requires control of the flight path to within a 10 meter tube to support repeat track and formation flying measurements. The design is fully polarimetric with an 80 MHz bandwidth (2 meter range resolution) and 16 kilometer range swath. The antenna is an electronically steered array to assure that the actual antenna pointing can be controlled independent of the wind direction and speed. The system will nominally operate at 45,000 ft. The program started out as a Instrument Incubator Project (IIP) funded by NASA Earth Science and Technology Office (ESTO).