cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Addressing a New Class of Reliability Threats in 3-D Network-on-Chips

Network-on-chips (NoCs) are vulnerable to transient and permanent faults caused by thermal violations, aging effects, component wear out, or even transient fault sources. Although some of these faults are addressed by previous research, we show that there are reliability threats in 3-D NoCs that go beyond the reliability issues investigated in 2-D interconnect networks. First, we highlight one such class of reliability threats and discuss their manifestations in 3-D NoCs. Second, we propose a thermal, reliability, and performance-aware routing algorithm to tackle: 1) previously established fault models and 2) the new highlighted class of reliability threats in partially connected 3-D NoCs. The proposed routing algorithm takes into account the states of routers and both the horizontal and through silicon via (TSV) links, along with the temperatures of routers and cores. It then routes the packets around failed or overheated links and routers, achieving lower latencies by avoiding misrouting. To achieve this, the proposed routing algorithm uses the concept of vertical link announcement to inform nodes in the network of the working condition of vertical links. We evaluate the proposed routing algorithm under a wide range of working conditions using the access Noxim NoC simulator. Results show that the proposed routing algorithm: 1) is able to tolerate almost any number and pattern of vertical link failures; 2) is reliable against the newly identified reliability threats; and 3) improves the latency and temperature distribution of the network compared to previously proposed routing algorithms.
Scaffolds implanted: what is next?

Abstract The past decade has witnessed huge advances in designing hybrid scaffolds for tissue engineering. Many novel technologies from synthetic biomaterial designs, scaffolds originated from extracellular components, biohybridization of naturally occurring glycolipids, proteins, and peptides with synthetic material to more futuristic technologies such as 3D printing have been advanced during this time. One aspect of some tissue-engineered scaffolds is partly attempting to provide the host niche with a functional part to replace a diseased or defunct tissue. Successful implantation requires the compatibility of the scaffold with the host immunity and functionally integrates with the body. In this chapter, we will first review the current understanding of the scaffold's interaction with the host immunity. We then will briefly introduce the concept of biointegration. Future developments in tissue engineering scaffolds are partly focused on the capability of implants to regulate the local immune response as well as their potential to integrate with the host's body.
Changing the Landscape of Social Emotional Learning in Urban Schools: What are We Currently Focusing On and Where Do We Go from Here?

This study provides a systematic review of the use of social emotional learning (SEL) interventions in urban schools over the last 20 years. I summarize the types of interventions used and the outcomes examined, and I describe the use of culturally responsive pedagogy as a part of each intervention. The review of the 66 studies revealed that few incorporated culturally responsive strategies, and none addressed racism and the role it can play in student mental well-being. Additionally, few researchers measured multiple categories of fidelity of implementation, and few studies included long-term follow-up results of study outcomes. I discuss recommendations for future research in light of Every Student Succeeds Act policies in support of school-based SEL interventions.
Angry or Weary? How Violence Impacts Attitudes toward Peace among Darfurian Refugees:

Does exposure to violence motivate individuals to support further violence or to seek peace? Such questions are central to our understanding of how conflicts evolve, terminate, and recur. Yet, conv...
The effect of processing on autohesive strength development in thermoplastic resins and composites

In the present investigation of processing effects on the autohesive bond strength of neat polysulfone resin and graphite-reinforced polysulfone-matrix composites measured resin bond strength development in precracked compact tension specimens 'healed' by heating over a contact period at a given temperature. The critical strain energy release rate of refractured composite specimens did not exhibit the strong time or temperature dependence of the neat resin tests; only 80-90 percent of the undamaged fracture energy is recoverable.
Uninjured Youth Athlete Performance on Single-Leg Hop Testing: How Many Can Achieve Recommended Return-to-Sport Criterion?

Background:Current anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) guidelines utilize single-leg hop tests (SLHTs) to assist in return-to-sport decision making. A limb symmetry index (LSI) of ≥90%...
A quality improvement program to facilitate breastfeeding for very low birth weight infants

Objective To analyze the effectiveness of a quality improvement program for facilitating breastfeeding and improving clinical outcomes for very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods VLBWI admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital before the implementation of the quality improvement program from February 2016 to January 2017 were retrospectively selected as control group (n=84), while those admitted after the implementation from August 2017 to July 2018 were enrolled as intervention group (n=75). Primary outcomes included breastfeeding rates by biological mothers and duration of achieving full enteral feeding and the secondary outcomes included duration of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) and parenteral nutrition, PICC associated infections, average body weight growth rates during hospitalization, preterm-associated complications and mortality between the two groups were compared. Two independent sample t test, rank-sum test and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used as statistical methods. Results Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly increased breastfeeding rate [82.7% (62/75) vs 36.9% (31/84), χ2=34.183, P<0.001] and a shorter time to achieve full enteral feeding [M(P25-P75): 13(10-16) vs 17(14-23) d, Z=-4.542, P<0.001]. Moreover, the PICC indwelling time and parenteral nutrition duration were both significantly shortened after the implementation of quality improvement program [M(P25-P75): 10(7-13) vs 14(11-20) d, 12(9-15) vs 16(13-22) d, Z=-4.902 and -4.677; both P<0.001], but no statistical differences were found in any other secondary outcomes. Conclusions The quality improvement program is a feasible and practical approach to effectively improve breastfeeding rates in VLBWI and shorten the time required to achieve full enteral feeding. Key words: Breast feeding; Infant, very low birth weight; Quality improvement
A Two-Stage Multiple-Output Automotive LED Driver Architecture

This paper is focused on a two-stage LED driver architecture operating from an automotive battery input voltage and delivering independently regulated output currents to multiple LED strings. The system consists of a non-inverting buck-boost front end, which handles wide battery voltage range, followed by high-frequency immittance-network based LCL-T resonant converters, which operate as current sources over wide output voltage ranges. The two-stage architecture allows for system efficiency optimization by taking advantage of the passthrough mode of operation of the non-inverting buck-boost stage and the buck and boost regulation capabilities of the immittance network resonant converter stages. Experimental results are provided for a prototype consisting of a 400 kHz front-end stage and 2 MHz LCL-T stages delivering independently regulated 0.55 A currents to two LED strings with N = 1 —12 LEDs. The measured system efficiency is greater than 85% over wide input (8-18 V) and output (3-36 V) voltage ranges, with a peak efficiency of 93% when the buck-boost stage is in the pass-through mode at the nominal battery voltage.
Superior tensile properties of Hastelloy X enabled by additive manufacturing

This study reports the superior tensile properties of laser powder bed fused (L-PBF) Hastelloy X compared to wrought, exhibiting enhanced yield strength and improved ductility. By analyzing the ten...
Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor-Associated Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis After Bariatric Surgery: A Case and Literature Review.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce cardiovascular, kidney, and overall mortality. SGLT2i are also associated with a rare adverse event, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA). This report describes a case of EDKA one day after bariatric surgery in a 51-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus managed with the SGLT2i, canagliflozin. She was following a ketogenic diet for three weeks prior to surgery. The patient made a steady recovery with rapid anion gap closure followed by prolonged non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. Her medical record was tagged with a life-threatening reaction to SGLT2i. The risk of EDKA from SGLT2i may be increased by a low carbohydrate diet or postoperative status. Our case was complicated by hypokalemia, exemplifying the need for aggressive electrolyte management. Further guidance is needed to manage risk factors provoking EDKA and the use of SGLT2i therapy after an episode of EDKA.
Breastfeeding, Early Self-Regulation, and Academic Achievement in Kindergarten Among Disadvantaged Children.

The importance of breastfeeding exposure and children’s development of self-regulation, independently, are well established. Each of these domains also has been linked to better cognitive development and academic achievement in children. However, little is known about how breastfeeding affects development of early self-regulation skills or whether self-regulation mediates the relationship between breastfeeding and academic achievement, particularly for disadvantaged children. This study examined breastfeeding exposure, self-regulation, and academic achievement in kindergarten among a population of children who previously attended Head Start. Children were recruited from Head Start classrooms in the Pacific Northwest. Breastfeeding exposure was assessed via parent report. Children’s self-regulation (Day Night Stroop, Dimensional Change Card Sort, Head-Knees-Toes-Shoulders-Revised) and academic achievement [Letter-Word Identification and Applied Problems subtests of Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement (English) or the Bateria III Woodcock-Munoz (Spanish)] were directly assessed in fall and spring of kindergarten. Regressions were performed using Stata v14.1 and included breastfeeding exposure as the primary independent variable, controlling for child age, sex, and language spoken. Of the 246 children, 56% were reported as White, 34% Latino/a, 4% African American, and 6% other; 83% were ever exposed to breastfeeding. Breastfeeding exposure was predictive of both fall kindergarten academic achievement (emergent math/literacy scores) and self-regulation (p < 0.05) and related to higher math performance in the spring of kindergarten, which was associated with stronger self-regulation in the fall (p = 0.04). These findings extend our understanding of the positive effects of breastfeeding exposure on children’s development and support breastfeeding promotion, particularly for children at risk of academic difficulty.
Assessing COVID-19 Prevention Strategies to Permit the Safe Opening of Residential Colleges in Fall 2021.

Background Effective vaccines, improved testing technologies, and decreases in COVID-19 incidence prompt an examination of the choices available to residential college administrators seeking to safely resume in-person campus activities in fall 2021. Objective To help college administrators design and evaluate customized COVID-19 safety plans. Design Decision analysis using a compartmental epidemic model to optimize vaccination, testing, and other nonpharmaceutical interventions depending on decision makers' preferences, choices, and assumptions about epidemic severity and vaccine effectiveness against infection, transmission, and disease progression. Setting U.S. residential colleges. Participants Hypothetical cohort of 5000 persons (students, faculty, and staff) living and working in close proximity on campus. Measurements Cumulative infections over a 120-day semester. Results Under base-case assumptions, if 90% coverage can be attained with a vaccine that is 85% protective against infection and 25% protective against asymptomatic transmission, the model finds that campus activities can be resumed while holding cumulative cases below 5% of the population without the need for routine, asymptomatic testing. With 50% population coverage using such a vaccine, a similar cap on cumulative cases would require either daily asymptomatic testing of unvaccinated persons or a combination of less frequent testing and resumption of aggressive distancing and other nonpharmaceutical prevention policies. Colleges returning to pre-COVID-19 campus activities without either broad vaccination coverage or high-frequency testing put their campus population at risk for widespread viral transmission. Limitation Uncertainty in data, particularly vaccine effectiveness (preventive and transmission); no distinguishing between students and employees; and assumes limited community intermixing. Conclusion Vaccination coverage is the most powerful tool available to residential college administrators seeking to achieve a safe return to prepandemic operations this fall. Given the breadth of potential outcomes in the face of uncontrollable and uncertain factors, even colleges with high vaccination rates should be prepared to reinstitute or expand testing and distancing policies on short notice. Primary funding source National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Latin Erotic Elegy: An Anthology and Reader

This indispensable volume provides a complete course on Latin erotic elegy, allowing students to trace a coherent narrative of the genre's rise and fall, and to understand its relationship to the changes that marked the collapse of the Roman republic, and the founding of the empire. The book begins with a detailed and wide-ranging introduction, looking at major figures, the evolution of the form, and the Roman context, with particular focus on the changing relations between the sexes. The texts that follow range from the earliest manifestations of erotic elegy, in Catullus, through Tibullus, Sulpicia (Rome's only female elegist), Propertius and Ovid. An accessible commentary explores the historical background, issues of language and style, and the relation of each piece to its author's larger body of work. The volume closes with an anthology of critical essays representative of the main trends in scholarship; these both illuminate the genre's most salient features and help the student understand its modern reception.
A Place We Call "Home" -International Students in Virtual Context

This paper examines how Chinese international students from a public land-grant university used online community to construct their cultural and ethnic identities. The author delves into the question of how online community enables these students to gain successful cultural assimilation. Extending on Baym’s (2000) theoretical framework of online group communication and Mabry’s (1997) critical discussion on constructing virtual identity, this paper offers crucial implications for how online communication forums, such as Bulletin Board System (BBS), evolve into cultural institutions as a result of affiliated members’ increasing reliance on virtual social networking. The cyber communicative practice may deny participating members’ access to authentic human communication and reinforce their negative self-labeling as an unassimilable or unfavorable “other” in a new cultural environment.
The Biological Treatment of the Hernia Disease

The biological treatment of hernias is perhaps best defined as a bio-molecular or biomechanical therapy that results in the complete and sustained correction of the structure and function of a hernia defect. Biological therapy of hernias could be applied as an adjuvant to surgical reconstruction, or, potentially stand alone as a primary therapy.
15 “New” Intestinal

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biology and epidemiology of new intestinal parasitic protozoa. Many new intestinal parasitic protozoa have been identified as potential and actual human pathogens. Although most of these organisms were recognized over a century ago either in nature or in multiple animal and bird species, their role in causing human disease is new or was not appreciated for a long time. Most of these new parasitic protozoa are intestinal pathogens, such as Giardia and the spore-forming Cryptosporidium, microsporidia, Isospora , and Cyclospora . Other organisms that have been appreciated include Babesia infecting human erythrocytes and Naegleria causing a form of meningoencephalitis. The characteristic morphological features of the genus, Giardia, are well established. The life cycle of Giardia infection in humans or other animal hosts is simple. Infection is established through the ingestion of parasite cysts or in rare occasions the trophozoite stage. Excystation occurs in the stomach and may be aided by several factors, including gastric acidity, pancreatic secretions, and carbon dioxide concentration.
Changing behavior of surface immunoglobulin on mouse B lymphocytes during immune development. I. LPS-induced changes in the lateral mobility of B lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins on two populations which express different surface immunoglobulin phenotypes

Abstract The redistribution of surface membrane immunoglobulin molecules (sIg) was studied in two functionally distinct populations of mouse splenic B lymphocytes, namely, those bearing membrane IgM(IgG − ) and those bearing IgG. Brief exposure to mitogenic doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced direct but differential effects on the subsequent ability of specific antibodies to induce this redistribution on each cell type. Studied as a function of temperature, antibody-induced redistribution of sIgM on cells previously exposed to LPS was observed to occur at temperatures lower than the temperatures required for similar sIgM redistribution on lymphocytes not exposed to LPS. In contrast, mitogen-treated sIgG + cells demonstrated an opposite and long-lasting effect (at least 40 hr), requiring higher temperatures to allow sIgG movement comparable to that seen on untreated sIgG-bearing lymphocytes. Thus, we conclude that LPS interacts with both IgM + (IgG − ) and IgG + lymphocytes, but that such interactions produced different membrane effects on each B-cell subset. This membrane change can therefore be useful as a quasi-functional differentiation marker. Furthermore, differences in sensitivity to cellular activation by LPS seen between sIgM-bearing (sIgG − ) and sIgG-bearing B cells may be a reflection of such direct, although different, membrane effects.
The proper and semi-proper forcing axioms for forcing notions that preserve $\aleph _2$ or $\aleph _3$

We prove that the PFA lottery preparation of a strongly unfoldable cardinal k under ¬0 # forces PFA(N 2 -preserving), PFA(N 3 -preserving) and PFA N2 , with 2 w = κ = N 2 . The method adapts to semi-proper forcing, giving SPFA(N 2 -preserving), SPFA(N 3 -preserving) and SPFA N2 from the same hypothesis. It follows by a result of Miyamoto that the existence of a strongly unfoldable cardinal is equiconsistent with the conjunction SPFA(N 2 -preserving) + SPFA(N 3 -preserving) + SPFA N2 +2 w = N 2 . Since unfoldable cardinals are relatively weak as large cardinal notions, our summary conclusion is that in order to extract significant strength from PFA or SPFA, one must collapse N 3 to N 1 .
Exhaust Gas Energy Recovery

Engine waste heat recovery (WHR) systems have the potential to significantly improve vehicle fuel economy for conventional and hybrid electric power trains spanning passenger to heavy truck applications. This chapter discusses thermodynamic considerations and three classes of energy recovery technologies that are under development for vehicle applications. More specifically, this chapter describes the state of the art in exhaust WHR and challenges and opportunities for thermodynamic power cycles, thermoelectric devices, and turbocompounding systems. Keywords: thermodynamics; waste heat recovery; Rankine cycle; Brayton cycle; thermoelectric; turbocompounding; Seebeck; exergy
High catalase content of rabbit semen appears to be inherited.

: Reactive oxygen species, as hydrogen peroxide, can be damaging to sperm. Most species have little protective catalase in their semen, but rabbit semen contains substantial amounts of catalase. The objective of the present study was to characterize a substantial number of Dutch rabbits for seminal content of catalase and determine whether differences were inherited. Usually, 4 or more semen samples were analyzed per male. Catalase was measured by a gasometric procedure. In Experiment 1, the correlation between duplicate determinations was r = .99, and between 2 sets of semen samples from 55 males it was r = .95. There was a significant difference (P < .05) among pairs of males from 6 litters. In Experiment 2, semen from each of 11 males collected at an interval of 1 year contained an average of 13 and 12 units of catalase per mL of semen in consecutive years. The correlation between pairs of samples was r = .85. This indicated that the condition was permanent, and possibly genetically controlled. Experiment 3 analyzed the catalase content of semen from 7 sires and 32 sons. The heritability of seminal catalase concentration was 0.48. These studies indicate that rabbit seminal plasma is high in catalase, and that a substantial portion of the differences among males are under genetic control.
Multistatic passive radar imaging using the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution

We investigate passive radar imaging of aircraft using reflected TV signals. We apply a smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) based SAR imaging algorithm to two different scenarios. In the first simulation, a multistatic VHF-band dataset generated by fast Illinois solver code (FISC) is used. In the second simulation, a more realistic simulated passive radar dataset is used. A set of instantaneous images is produced by our algorithm. They have higher resolution and show more detail and features of the aircraft than can be obtained by direct Fourier reconstruction (DFR). The set of images provides more visual information about the target and helps to estimate its shape and features. This study suggests that the SPWVD-based imaging might be useful in passive radar imaging and target classification.
On the trail of dioxygen activation

An ideal homogeneous catalyst for dioxygen (O2) oxidations would be selective, useful for tackling a variety of substrates and chemical structures, reasonably fast, and stable. Considerable progress towards this ideal is realized in a new catalyst containing two sterically protected ruthenium atoms, which can facilitate direct O2 activation and substrate oxidation without generating nonselective radicals.
Justification of Judicial Decisions

It would not be much of an exaggeration to say that at least in the English-speaking world, and in much of the Western world, almost all contemporary legal philosophy is written under the shadow of Hans Kelsen. I say "shadow" because only in the very recent past have serious analytical efforts been made to show some of the inadequacies or distortions in the Kelsenian architectonics. His early work on the structure of a legal system cast such a strong light that for decades it would have been more accurate to say that almost all serious work in Western legal philosophy was done under the Kelsenian sun. Although it has been 20 years, it is still easy to recall the almost traumatic reaction to my reading Kelsen for the first time. Kant, Hegel, Kohler, Stammler, and other of his philosophic predecessors all seemed so much less modem than Kelsen, so much less concerned with the crucial, contemporary issues.
Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-IH

Background Anti-IH is usually a clinically insignificant antibody that may complicate a serologic workup. However, it can occasionally cause hemolysis. We report a rare case of acute hemolysis caused by anti-IH. Case report A 60-year-old man with a long history of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and anemia, blood group A, D+ was found to have an unidentified antibody on serologic workup. He received an A, D+ red blood cell (RBC) unit that was crossmatch compatible by immunoglobulin G indirect antiglobulin test and then experienced an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction with fever, hemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure. The antibody was later identified as an anti-IH with a wide thermal amplitude. The transfused RBCs were later typed as A(2). The patient was subsequently typed as an A(1) individual. The patient recovered completely from the effects of this reaction and was transfused with A(1) RBCs over the next few days with no adverse effect. Conclusion Anti-IH, which is usually clinically insignificant and often found in A(1), B, and A(1) B individuals, can, on rare occasions, cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, especially when an A(2) unit is transfused to an A(1) patient.
Managerial Innovativeness and Project Effectiveness in Nonprofit Organizations: A Test of Trust-Control Framework

Innovativeness is much desired in the nonprofit sector to meet emerging market challenges, yet research has largely neglected to examine factors that influence individual managers’ innovativeness on specific projects, or the effect of innovation on project outcomes. We develop and test a theoretical framework of main and interactive effects of organizational (control) and interpersonal (trust) factors using matched data from 197 project managers and referral raters in 36 organizations. Our analyses suggest that supervisory trust and process control play a complementary role in influencing project innovativeness and effectiveness in large organizations. In small organizations, supervisory trust is singularly dominant.
Peptonized Milk as an Enumeration Medium for Soil Bacteria

Peptonized milk agar with Actidione proved to be superior to either Trypticase soy agar or soil extract agar for enumeration of soil bacteria.
DNA Methylation Is Required for Silencing of Ant4, an Adenine Nucleotide Translocase Selectively Expressed in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Germ Cells

The capacity for cellular differentiation is governed not only by the repertoire of available transcription factors but by the accessibility of cis-regulatory elements. Studying changes in epigenetic modifications during stem cell differentiation will help us understand how cells maintain or lose differentiation potential. We investigated changes in DNA methylation during the transition of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into differentiated cell types. Using a methylation-sensitive restriction fingerprinting method, we identified a novel adenine nucleotide (ADP/ATP) translocase gene, Ant4, that was selectively hypomethylated and expressed in undifferentiated mouse ESCs. In contrast to other pluripotent stem cell-specific genes such as Oct-4 and Nanog, the Ant4 gene was readily derepressed in differentiated cells after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Moreover, expression of de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b was essential for repression and DNA methylation of the Ant4 gene during ESC differentiation. Although the deduced amino acid sequence of Ant4 is highly homologous to the previously identified Ant isoforms, the expression of Ant4 was uniquely restricted to developing gametes in adult mice, and its promoter hypomethylation was observed only in testis. Additionally, Ant4 was expressed in primordial germ cells. These data indicate that Ant4 is a pluripotent stem cell- and germ cell-specific isoform of adenine nucleotide translocase in mouse and that DNA methylation plays a primary role in its transcriptional silencing in somatic cells.
Interaction between prostacyclin and nitric oxide in the reflex control of the coronary circulation in conscious dogs

Objective: Our goal was to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) on the coronary vasodilation induced by prostacyclin (PGI2) in conscious dogs. Methods: Dogs were chronically instrumented for the measurements of coronary blood flow (CBF), left ventricular pressure (LVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Results: Intravenous injections of PGI2 caused dose-dependent increases in CBF, and decreases in MAP and late diastolic coronary resistance (LDCR). For instance, CBF increased by 128 ± 19% ( P 0.05, compared with before NLA). Atropine (0.1 mg/kg) partially attenuated the coronary vasodilation induced by PGI2 the magnitude of which was almost identical to that by NLA. NLA or atropine also blunted the coronary vasodilation induced by acetylcholine, while the coronary vasodilation induced by nitroglycerin was not affected by NLA. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the coronary vasodilation induced by PGI2 was partially attenuated by NLA or atropine, suggesting that the coronary vasodilation induced by PGI2 is due to two components: a reflex parasympathetic cholinergic vasodilation mediated by NO and a direct action of PGI2.
"The Black World and the Dual Brain Drain: A Focus on African Americans,"

This paper argues that just as Africans in Africa are experiencing what I call a “Dual Brain Drain” (Elite Migration to the West and massive deaths due to HIV/AIDS), so also are Haitians in the Caribbean and African Americans in the U.S. are experiencing a similar problem. Furthermore, in the case of the black population in the U.S., however, they are actually experiencing two sets of the dual brain drain (1) External or international and (2) Domestic.
Volatile Lipid Oxidation Products of Wagyu and Domestic Breeds of Beef

The influence of beef source, cooking method, and refrigerated storage time on the contents of volatile lipid oxidation products of Wagyu and domestic sources of beef was determined. Longissimus dorsi muscle from Japanese Wagyu, American Wagyu, Longhorn, Angus, and U.S. Choice carcasses was boiled or roasted and stored for 0 or 3 days at refrigerator temperatures. With storage time, the contents of lipid oxidation products increased significantly (P < 0.05). Interactions between beef source and storage time were significant (P < 0.05) for hexanal, 2-pentylfuran, octanal, nonanal, and other major lipid oxidation products. Beef source was shown to have a significant effect on the content of these compounds following 3 days of storage but not immediately following cooking (0 day). The contents of lipid oxidation products were higher in the Japanese and American Wagyu breeds than in other domestic beef sources. In general, cooking method had only minor influences on the content of lipid oxidation products. Ke...
Transmission of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus by the Green Peach, Turnip, Cabbage, and Pea Aphids

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and turnip aphid, Hyadaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), transmitted cauliflower mosaic virus at a higher rate after single short acquisition probes than after a 6-h acquisition access period. The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), transmitted the virus at a higher rate after a 6-h access period than after single short acquisitions probes. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), consistently transmitted at a high rate after prolonged access to the virus source but at a variable rate after single short probes. Retention of inoculativity of the virus by the cabbage aphid can be longer than 24 h, but this degree of retention did not occur with the other three vectors. Little difference occurred in the transmission rates of the virus between adults and 1st instars of the green peach or the pea aphid. However, adult cabbage aphids transmitted at about twice the rate of nymphs, whereas nymphs of the turnip aphid transmitted the virus at more than four times the rate of adults.
SU-E-T-47: Peak Temperature Ratio Analysis of TLD Glow Curves to Characterize Orthovoltage X-Rays in Terms of Their LET

Purpose: Investigate using the ratio of the two high temperature peaks (HTR) to analyze the glow curves of TLD700 to characterize orthovoltage x‐rays in terms of their linear energy transfer (LET) as well as well as their HVL. LET is related to relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and studies have demonstrated RBE values from 1.1 to 2 for orthovoltage x‐rays compared to megavoltage x‐rays which have implications for radiobiological studies. Methods: TLD700 chips.015cm and.038cm thick were irradiated to about 0.20 Gy with x‐rays with photon effective energies from 13 KeV to 6 MeV with an orthovoltage therapy unit, a linac and gamma rays from I‐125, Ir‐192 and Cs‐137 radioactive isotopes. The different thickness detectors are used to correct for possible self‐attenuation effects in the detectors at the lower energies. Since the 280 C high temperature peak is more sensitive to high LET radiation than the 210 C lower temperature peak, the ratio of the areas under the two temperature peaks for the TLDs irradiated to the different beam qualities normalized to the peak ratio for 6 MV is used to determine their HTR. These HTR values are compared to the calculated LET values obtained from the effective photon energies of the irradiations. Results: The data show that the HTR generally increases with decreasing photon energy from 1 for megavoltage x‐rays to 1.94 for 13 KeV x‐rays with a local maximum of 1.65 occurring at about 100 KeV. This dependence is similar to that of the calculated LET values which also exhibit a local maximum of 1.85 KeV/micron around 100 KeV. No measurable difference is observed for different thickness TLDs. Conclusion: The HTR analysis of the TLD glow curves provides another method to characterize orthovoltage x‐rays in terms of their LET that provides information on their biological effectiveness.
Periodic solutions for a thermostat control problem

(1988). Periodic solutions for a thermostat control problem. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 515-550.
Determination of multi-walled carbon nanotube bioaccumulation in earthworms measured by a microwave-based detection technique.

Abstract Reliable quantification techniques for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are limited. In this study, a new procedure was developed for quantifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) based on freeze drying and microwave-induced heating. Specifically, earthworms were first processed into a powder by freeze drying. Then, samples were measured by utilizing 10 s exposure to 30 W microwave power. This method showed the potential to quantitatively measure MWNTs in earthworms at low concentrations (~ 0.1 μg in 20 mg of earthworm). Also, a simple MWNT bioaccumulation study in earthworms indicated a low bioaccumulation factor of 0.015 ± 0.004. With an appropriate sample processing method and instrumental parameters (power and exposure time), this technique has the potential to quantify MWNTs in a variety of sample types (plants, earthworms, human blood, etc.).
A prototype photovoltaic/thermal system integrated with transpired collector

Abstract Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems may be utilized to produce useful heat while simultaneously generating electricity from the same building envelope surface. A well known highly efficient collector is the open-loop unglazed transpired collector (UTC) which consists of dark porous cladding through which outdoor air is drawn and heated by absorbed solar radiation. Commercially available photovoltaic systems typically produce electricity with efficiencies up to about 18%. Thus, it is beneficial to obtain much of the normally wasted heat from the systems, possibly by combining UTC with photovoltaics. Combination of BIPV/T and UTC systems for building facades is considered in this paper – specifically, the design of a prototype facade-integrated photovoltaic/thermal system with transpired collector (BIPV/T). A full scale prototype is constructed with 70% of UTC area covered with PV modules specially designed to enhance heat recovery and compared to a UTC of the same area under outdoor sunny conditions with low wind. The orientation of the corrugations in the UTC is horizontal and the black-framed modules are attached so as to facilitate flow into the UTC plenum. While the overall combined thermal efficiency of the UTC is higher than that of the BIPV/T system, the value of the generated energy – assuming that electricity is at least four times more valuable than heat – is between 7% and 17% higher. Also, the electricity is always useful while the heat is usually utilized only in the heating season. The BIPV/T concept is applied to a full scale office building demonstration project in Montreal, Canada. The ratio of photovoltaic area coverage of the UTC may be selected based on the fresh air heating needs of the building, the value of the electricity generated and the available building surfaces.
Images in clinical medicine. Free-floating iris cyst.

A 7-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of an iris lesion in her left eye. The patient wore eyeglasses, but her ocular and medical histories were otherwise unremarkable. The lesion was first noticed during a routine eye examination 3 months earlier; the parents stated that it was not present at birth. The patient had no history of trauma, surgery, infection, or travel. She reported that the spot in her eye moved when she tilted her head. Slit-lamp examination revealed a free-floating, spherical, translucent cyst, 1.5 mm in diameter, in the anterior chamber (Panel A). Gonioscopic examination confirmed that the cyst . . .
Incentive contrast: A review of behavioral changes following shifts in reward

The literature relevant to incentive contrast effects is reviewed, with emphasis on the data published since the reviews by Black (1968) and Dunham (1968). Contrary to the evidence available for the earlier reviews, the current literature indicates that positive contrast is a reliable phenomenon. Its occurrence is facilitated by use of a constant delay of reward, use of a long runway, or possibly by a shift while a negative contrast effect, resulting from a previous shift, is still present in the animals’ behavior. Positive contrast also occurs in consummatory behavior when sucrose or saccharin solutions are shifted. Conditions that are ineffective in producing positive contrast are reviewed, as are the effects of numerous variables on both successive and simultaneous contrast. In addition, positive and negative contrast effects resulting from shifts in delay or percentage of reward, contrast resulting from shifts in sucrose, saccharin, or ethanol solutions, contrast in choice behavior, and transsituational contrast are reviewed. The relationship of the data to several theoretical interpretations of contrast is also considered.
Volume rendering: application in static field conformal radiosurgery

Lesions in the head which are large or irregularly shaped present challenges for radiosurgical treatment by linear accelerator or other radiosurgery modalities. To treat these lesions we are developing static field, conformal stereotactic radiosurgery. In this procedure seven to eleven megavoltage x-ray beams are aimed at the target volume. Each beam is designed from the beam's-eye view, and has its own unique geometry: gantry angle, table angle, and shape which conforms to the projected cross-section of the target. A difficulty with this and other 3- D treatment plans is the visualization of the treatment geometry and proposed treatment plan. Is the target volume geometrically covered by the arrangement of beams, and is the dose distribution adequate? To answer these questions we have been investigating the use of ANALYZETM volume rendering to display the target anatomy and the resultant dose distribution.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cloning and characterization of Munc18c(L), a novel murine Munc18c gene paralog.

Abstract We have identified and characterized a new mouse gene sequence, Munc18c(L), that appears closely related to the syntaxin-binding protein, Munc18c. The novel Munc18c(L) gene is comprised of 2 exons separated by a 600 bp intron sequence with non-consensus donor and acceptor sites. Exons 1 and 2 of Munc18c(L) overlap with exons 1 through half of 9 of the Munc18c gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of Munc18c(L) is 271 amino acids long with homology to Munc18c protein ending at position 250. RT-PCR of murine tissues showed expression of Munc18c(L) in various tissues. RT-PCR carried out with a primer spanning the ATG codon and another one specific for the exon 2 of Munc18c(L) revealed two different transcripts of 0.8 and 1.4 kbp in length. Using 5′-RACE, the start of Munc18c(L) exon 1 matches the one predicted for Munc18c, but the proximal promoter differ. This first identification of Munc18c(L) is vital in differentiating between Munc18c(L) and Munc18c and their potential roles in insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
Experimental measurements of sea clutter using an ultrawideband x-band radar with variable resolution

Ultrawideband (UWB) radar pulse width at low grazing angles determines whether dominant scattering features of the sea surface, such as whitecaps, are resolved, and therefore has a major influence on the time-varying character of clutter-return signals in individual range cells. Attention is presently given to the design and performance of two clutter-measurement radar systems with variable resolution, as well as to initial sea-clutter data thus obtained at a nominal radar pulse center frequency of 10 GHz.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Images of Native Americans in advertising: Some moral issues

Images of Native Americans and of aspects of Native American culture are common in advertisements in the United States. Three such images can be distinguished — the Noble Savage, the Civilizable Savage and the Bloodthirsty Savage images. The aim of this paper is to argue that the use of such images is not morally acceptable because these images depend upon an underlying conception of Native Americans that denies that they are human beings. By so doing, it also denies to them any moral standing and thus any claim to moral consideration and treatment. I begin by arguing that the traits which are distinctively human are fostered only within a cultural framework consisting of the accumulated knowledge and activities of a group of human beings. I then argue that savages are conceptualized as natural and cultureless beings. Furthermore, within the traditional Western conceptualization of the world mere natural objects have no moral standing. Thus, it follows that Native Americans insofar as they are also merely natural objects would have no standing or status as moral beings. The conception of Native Americans as savages undercuts the very conditions for the possibility of moral respect. I then turn to an application of these principles to some current commercial uses of images of Native Americans and other indigenous peoples.
Constitutive Model for the Time-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of 430 Stainless Steel and FeCrAlY Foams in Sulfur-Bearing Environments

The mechanical behavior of 430 stainless steel and pre-oxidized FeCrAlY open-cell foam materials of various densities was evaluated in compression at temperatures between 450°C and 600°C in an environment containing hydrogen sulfide and water vapor. Both materials showed negligible corrosion due to the gaseous atmosphere for up to 168 h. The monotonic stress–strain response of these materials was found to be dependent on both the strain rate and their density, and the 430 stainless steel foam materials exhibited less stress relaxation than the FeCrAlY for similar experimental conditions. Using the results from multiple hardening-relaxation and monotonic tests, an empirical constitutive equation was derived to predict the stress–strain behavior of FeCrAlY foams as a function of temperature, and strain rate. These results are discussed in the context of using these materials in a black liquor gasifier to accommodate the chemical expansion of the refractory liner resulting from its reaction with the soda in the black liquor.
Changing from epidurals to femoral nerve catheters for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty: Analysis of efficacy versus nurse perception

Abstract A retrospective review and survey was performed to evaluate a new protocol for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The goal of the new protocol was to improve postoperative pain control, decrease side effects and facilitate participation in physical therapy. Previously, patients received an epidural infusion overnight ( n =130). With the new protocol, patients received a femoral nerve catheter (FNC) infusion until the morning of postoperative day two (POD2) ( n =170). Both groups received a combination of oral and intravenous analgesics. The FNC group was able to ambulate further, and was more likely to participate in physical therapy on the day of surgery. Patients in the FNC group also reported less pain, nausea and pruritis. Length of stay was not impacted on. Patients with an epidural required less opioid on the day of surgery but, there was no difference in opioid consumption compared through POD2. A survey was administered to nurses in the post anesthesia care unit and the orthopedic ward to investigate perceptions about the new protocol. The results of the survey demonstrated that although the change was effective, sufficient staff education is an important component of staff perceptions and implementing a change in practice.
Combined Zeeman and Motional Stark Effects in the First Excited State of Positronium

Calculations are presented of the combined Zeeman- and Stark-effect level shifts in the $n=2$ excited states of positronium, for positronium moving perpendicular to an applied magnetic field. Lifetimes of the Zeeman- and Stark-mixed $n=2$ states are also calculated. The electric field results from the Lorentz transformation of the magnetic field to the rest frame of the positronium and is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The level shifts and lifetimes are calculated by diagonalizing the 16\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}16 Hamiltonian matrix for positronium in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The unperturbed energy eigenvalues calculated by Fulton and Martin are used as the diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian.
Trypanosoma rhodesiense: Folate levels in sera and tissues of normal and folic acid-deficient rats

An experimental model composed of the folic acid deficient Sprague-Dawley rat and Trypanosoma rhodesiense was used to study folate levels in sera and tissues.