cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INSULIN RECEPTORS IN INTACT HIPPOCAMPUS AND HIPPOCAMPAL CULTURED CELLS FUNCTION DOWNSTREAM OF SRC-FAMILY KINASES TO PROTECT NEURONS AGAINST EXCITOTOXIC GLUTAMATE-INDUCED CELL DEATH

to evaluate 5-HT and 5-HIAA breakdown metabolite were performed. Results: 5-HT1B, p11, and SERT protein and gene expression were downregulated in APPswe Sh-SY5Y (P<0.001 and <0, 0001 respectively), and 5-HT production was reduced and 5-HIAA production increased. Similarly, in the Tg2576 mice, hippocampus analysis showed lower levels of 5HT1B, SERT, and p11 (P<0.001). Conclusions: These data collectively show that the 5HT1B receptor and related systems are downregulated in AD. Exploring the behavioral consequences of these changes is warranted.
Diverse Lanthanide Coordination and Selective Ion Exchange in the Microporous Selenites Na4Ln4(SeO3)7O·nH2O (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb)

Seven isomorphous alkali metal lanthanide selenites, Na4Ln4(SeO3)7O·nH2O (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb), exhibiting a new structure type, have been prepared by hydrothermal methods. The four crystallographically unique Ln3+ cations within the structure exhibit three different coordination environments that are best described as bicapped trigonal prisms, trigonal dodecahedra, and pentagonal bipyramids. These polyhedra edge- and corner-share to yield diamond-shaped channels that extend along the a axis and are approximately 8.4 A × 10.5 A. These channels house alkali metal cations and disordered water molecules. The Ho-analog was chosen for ion-exchange studies that indicate that the Na+ cations in the channels can be selectively exchanged for Rb+, but ion exchange with other monovalent cations does not occur.
UV generation with passively Q-switched picosecond microchip lasers

The generation of coherent UV radiation has typically required large, expensive laser systems. By quadrupling the output of a passively-Q-switched microchip laser,1 we have demonstrated 0.5-µJ UV pulses of 250-ps duration from a 3-cm-long×1-cm-diamfiter package. The device, illustrated in Fig. is pumped by a 1.2-W fiber-coupled diode laser and operates in a single-frequency, linearly polarized, diffraction-limited mode at pulse repetition rates up to 13 kHz over a temperature range of >70°C.
International Doctoral Students in S&E Academic Departments: Their Impact on Cohort’s Career Prospects

With more international students flowing into science and engineering departments in American research universities, a marked shift on the demographic composition of doctoral student bodies has been witnessed. Using a dataset combining a survey of S&E department chairs with the latest program evaluation information, this study reveals the status of international doctoral students in S&E academic departments and investigates how their presence shapes the cohort’s career prospects. The results provide evidence of cohort’s career prospects stratified by international students, department prestige and academic fields. While cohort with more international students is less likely to take postdoc positions and more likely to head for less research oriented faculty appointments, such cohort, if trained in less prestigious departments, more often end up with postdoc appointments. Cohort minted out of prestigious departments demonstrates a stronger commitment to postdoc positions and lesser commitment to non-academic jobs, regardless of the presence of international students. Relative to cohorts in life science, their counterparts in engineering and physical science are presented with different job opportunities. The study concludes with a discussion of research findings and policy implications in the postdoc enterprise as well as in the science community.
Improving Fault Attacks on Embedded Software Using RISC Pipeline Characterization

A fault attack becomes more efficient when the fault behavior, the response of a device to a fault injection, is precisely understood. In this paper, we present a methodology for fault attacks and their analysis on pipelined RISC processors. For complex hardware structures such as microprocessor pipelines, modeling the fault behavior can become challenging. By analyzing the structure of the RISC pipeline, we obtain insight into the most likely faults, and we are able to pinpoint the most sensitive points during execution of a cryptographic software program. We use this result to apply a recent class of fault injection attacks, so-called biased fault injection attacks, to two different software implementations of AES. Our target microprocessor is a 7-stage pipeline LEON3, mapped into a Spartan6 FPGA. The paper explains the methodology, the fault injection setup, and the fault analysis on the embedded software design of AES. Our results are useful for embedded software designers who have a need to understand the fault attack sensitivity of their implementation, as well as for security engineers who are in charge of improving countermeasures, in hardware or in software, against fault attacks.
Organizations and Nation-States

This article presents a review of the book &Organizations and Nation-States,& edited by Robert L. Kahn and Mayer N. Zald.
Treatment of synthetic wastewater and hog waste with reduced sludge generation by the multi-environment BioCAST technology.

Simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus was examined along with reduced generation of biological sludge during the treatment of synthetic wastewater and hog waste by the BioCAST technology. This new multi-environment wastewater treatment technology contains both suspended and immobilized microorganisms, and benefits from the presence of aerobic, microaerophilic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions for the biological treatment of wastewater. The influent concentrations during the treatment of synthetic wastewater were 1,300–4,000 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L, 42–115 mg total nitrogen (TN)/L, and 19–40 mg total phosphorus (TP)/L. The removal efficiencies reached 98.9, 98.3 and 94.1%, respectively, for carbon, TN and TP during 225 days of operation. The removal efficiencies of carbon and nitrogen showed a minimal dependence on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratio, while the phosphorus removal efficiency showed a remarkable dependence on this parameter, increasing from 45 to 94.1% upon the increase of N/P ratio from 3 to 4.5. The increase of TN loading rate had a minimal impact on COD removal rate which remained around 1.7 kg/m3 d, while it contributed to increased TP removal efficiency. The treatment of hog waste with influent COD, TN and TP concentrations of 960–2,400, 143–235 and 25–57 mg/L, respectively, produced removal efficiencies up to 89.2, 69.2 and 47.6% for the three contaminants, despite the inhibitory effects of this waste towards biological activity. The treatment system produced low biomass yields with average values of 3.7 and 8.2% during the treatment of synthetic wastewater and hog waste, respectively.
The implications of slack heterogeneity for the slack-resources and CSP relationship

In prior research it is largely assumed that slack is homogeneous and positively effects corporations’ social performance (CSP). In this study we build on recent research from a behavioral theory o...
The Effect of Biomass Physical Properties on Top-Lit Updraft Gasification of Woodchips

The performance of a top-lit updraft gasifier affected by biomass (pine wood) particle size, moisture content and compactness was studied in terms of the biochar yield, biomass burning rate, syngas composition and tar content. The highest biochar yield increase (from 12.2% to 21.8%) was achieved by varying the particle size from 7 to 30 mm, however, larger particles triggered tar generation that reached its maximum of 93.5 g/m3 syngas at 30-mm biomass particles; in contrast, the hydrogen content in syngas was at its minimum of 2.89% at this condition. The increase in moisture content from 10% to 22% reduced biochar yield from 12% to 9.9%. It also reduced the tar content from 12.9 to 6.2 g/m3 which was found to be the lowest range of tar content in this work. Similarly, the carbon monoxide composition in syngas decreased to its minimum of 11.16% at moisture content of 22%. Finally, the biomass compactness increased biochar yield up to 17% when the packing mass was 3 kg. However, the addition of compactness also increased the tar content in syngas, but little effect was noticed in syngas composition.
Evaluation on Health hazards monitoring information system in Longgang District of Shenzhen City

[Objective]To understand the application situation of the Health hazards monitoring information system in Longgang District of Shenzhen City,evaluate the users' acceptance toward this system.[Methods]The questionnaire survey was conducted in 8 institutes of occupational disease control and prevention in Longgang District of Shenzhen City.The scores were assessed by users of this system,which the indexes included acceptability,operability,subjective reality and subjective satisfaction.The scores were assessed according to the users' acceptance from high to low,so as to evaluate the users' acceptance toward the Health hazards monitoring information system.[Results]The average retention time was 30 min at every login.26.9% of users have often(every week) visited the system,and 69.3% of users visited the system every 15 days or more.Based on the users' self feeling,the total scores of acceptability,operability,subjective reality and subjective satisfaction was 4.2,4.1,3.9 and 3.5,respectively.[Conclusion]The users show higher acceptance toward the operation simplicity of the Health hazards monitoring information system in Shenzhen City.However,the subjective reality,acceptability and subjective satisfaction are not satisfactory.
Application of Path Search and Path Matching Algorithm in Traffic Information Service

For Construct public traffic information intercommunion service platform,designed and realized traffic path map,the shortest path algorithm,optimal path algorithm and path matching algorithm;Presented experiment results.Established the foundation for realized public traffic information intercommunion service platform.
Codon Optimization to Enhance Expression Yields Insights into Chloroplast Translation

Codon optimization based on psbA genes from 133 plant species eliminated 105 (human clotting factor VIII heavy chain [FVIII HC]) and 59 (polio VIRAL CAPSID PROTEIN1 [VP1]) rare codons; replacement with only the most highly preferred codons decreased transgene expression (77- to 111-fold) when compared with the codon usage hierarchy of the psbA genes. Targeted proteomic quantification by parallel reaction monitoring analysis showed 4.9- to 7.1-fold or 22.5- to 28.1-fold increase in FVIII or VP1 codon-optimized genes when normalized with stable isotope-labeled standard peptides (or housekeeping protein peptides), but quantitation using western blots showed 6.3- to 8-fold or 91- to 125-fold increase of transgene expression from the same batch of materials, due to limitations in quantitative protein transfer, denaturation, solubility, or stability. Parallel reaction monitoring, to our knowledge validated here for the first time for in planta quantitation of biopharmaceuticals, is especially useful for insoluble or multimeric proteins required for oral drug delivery. Northern blots confirmed that the increase of codon-optimized protein synthesis is at the translational level rather than any impact on transcript abundance. Ribosome footprints did not increase proportionately with VP1 translation or even decreased after FVIII codon optimization but is useful in diagnosing additional rate-limiting steps. A major ribosome pause at CTC leucine codons in the native gene of FVIII HC was eliminated upon codon optimization. Ribosome stalls observed at clusters of serine codons in the codon-optimized VP1 gene provide an opportunity for further optimization. In addition to increasing our understanding of chloroplast translation, these new tools should help to advance this concept toward human clinical studies.
Plan Before You Execute: A Cost-Based Query Optimizer for Attributed Graph Databases

Proliferation of NoSQL and graph databases indicates a move towards alternate forms of data representation beyond the traditional relational data model. This raises the question of processing queries efficiently over these representations. Graphs have become one of the preferred ways to represent and store data related to social networks and other domains where relationships and their labels need to be captured explicitly. Currently, for querying graph databases, users have to either learn a new graph query language (e.g. Metaweb Query language or MQL [6]) for posing their queries or use customized searches of specific substructures [14]. Hence, there is a clear need for posing queries using the same representation as that of a graph database, generate and evaluate alternate plans, develop cost metrics for evaluating plans, and prune the search space to converge on a good plan that can be evaluated directly over the graph database.
How Do Pharmacists Assist Medicare Beneficiaries with Limited Income? A Cross-Sectional Study of Community Pharmacies in Alabama

BACKGROUND: Many Medicare beneficiaries have limited income and report problems paying for their medications. Programs are available to assist these low-income individuals. However, these programs are underused because of lack of general awareness and perceived complexity of program applications. OBJECTIVES: To (a) determine the frequency of encounters by pharmacists with Medicare beneficiaries who cannot afford prescription drugs; (b) identify strategies that pharmacists use to assist Medicare beneficiaries who cannot afford prescription drugs; and (c) explore what pharmacists know about programs for Medicare beneficiaries with limited income. METHODS: This study used a mixed-mode survey of 350 randomly sampled community pharmacies located in 32 counties in Alabama with a high proportion of Medicare beneficiaries who were potentially eligible for low-income subsidy programs. Measures included frequency of encounters by pharmacists with Medicare beneficiaries who could not afford their medications, strate...
Growth: A Model for Establishing Cell Size and Shape

New experiments reveal that the relative growth between cell surface area and volume are key determinants of the shape and size of rod-like bacteria. These results are synthesized into a relative-growth model that applies to questions ranging from morphogenesis to cell-cycle timing.
Replicable Science of Science Studies

Much research in bibliometrics and scientometrics is conducted using proprietary datasets and tools making it hard if not impossible to replicate results. This chapter reviews free tools, software libraries, and online services that support science of science studies using common data formats. We then introduce plug-and-play macroscopes (Borner, Commun ACM 54(3):60–69, 2011) that use the OSGi industry standard to support modular software design, i.e., the plug-and-play of different data readers, preprocessing and analysis algorithms, but also visualization algorithms and tools. Exemplarily, we demonstrate how the open source Science of Science (Sci2) Tool can be used to answer temporal (when), geospatial (where), topical (what), and network questions (with whom) at different levels of analysis—from micro to macro. Using the Sci2 Tool, we provide hands-on instructions on how to run burst analysis (see Chapter 10 in this book), overlay data on geospatial maps (see Chapter 6 in this book), generate science map overlays, and calculate diverse network properties, e.g., weighted PageRank (see Chapter 4 in this book) or community detection (see Chapter 3 in this book), using data from Scopus, Web of Science or personal bibliography files, e.g., EndNote or BibTex. We exemplify tool usage by studying evolving research trajectories of a group of physicists over temporal, geospatial, and topic space as well as their evolving co-author networks. Last but not least, we show how plug-and-play macroscopes can be used to create bridges between existing tools, e.g., Sci2 and the VOSviewer clustering algorithm (see Chapter 13 in this book), so that they can be combined to execute more advanced analysis and visualization workflows.
Research on intelligent assistant system of product form realization orient process

In the process of product design, structure, materials and process is interaction. Only knowing them as a system can design a good product. The designer make litter of structure, materials, process lead to a conflict between rational structure and emotional appearance, and the difference of concept design and the production program. The difference is sometimes a lot, and even unpredictable. Under the theory of the concurrent engineering and the deficiencies of designer, an intelligent assistant system of product form realization is established. The use proved it can reduce the difference, and conducive to the unification of structure rational and appearance Emotional.
T Lymphocytes: Plasticity of Subsets

The initial characterisation of both mouse and human T cells described distinct and sharply defined cytokine patterns that were relatively stable and were functionally specialised for successfully attacking different pathogens. Additional phenotypes were then described, extending the range of functional types. However, more recently there have been many reports of further changes in cytokine patterns, and it is clear that all the recognised phenotypes were more plastic than originally thought. In particular, many intermediates between established subsets have been reported, for example Th1/Th17 cells expressing both IFNγ (interferon-gamma) and IL (interleukin)-17. This plasticity provides extra versatility for the immune system to adapt to changing infections and to altered requirements in different locations. A model of stochastic differentiation is presented, to visualise potential differentiation modes in the framework of a landscape model and to try to encourage discussion and experimentation regarding different mechanisms for plasticity. Key Concepts Initial models of highly stable T-cell subsets were useful but underestimated diversity. Flexibility is overlaid on partial stability. Many intermediate phenotypes can be induced. Several questions remain regarding temporary versus long-term plasticity alterations. Models for visualising differentiation need to be modified to include flexibility around a theme. Incorporation of stochastic trends may give a more useful representation of differentiation. Keywords: T-cell subset; stochastic variation; stability; plasticity; effector adaptation; intermediate T-cell phenotypes
Exploring the Unexpected Gelation of Tripeptides in a Binary Mixture of Water and Ethanol

Hydrogels formed by peptides of different length are a special class of materials that have been heavily researched in the past due to their inherent biodegradability. In this context, some low molecular weight di- or tripeptides with aromatic residues and terminal groups have been shown to form gels after self-assembling into large supramolecular structures above critical concentrations in the centimolar range. Contrary to expectations, our group recently discovered that cationic glycylanalylglycine (GAG), a tripeptide of rather limited hydrophobicity, forms a gel in 55 mol% ethanol/45 mol% water at room temperature if the concentration exceeds 200 mM.
'I Make, Therefore I Am': The Effects of Curriculum-Aligned Making on Children's Self-Identity

Prior research investigating the effects of incorporating Making into educational contexts has been limited to snapshot studies. These studies however do not allow for the investigation of aspects that require longer-term development and nurture. We present a longitudinal study that investigates the effects of Making on children's degree of science self-efficacy, identity formation as possible scientists and engineers, and academic performance in science. Designed interactions with Making technology were integrated into the science curriculum of elementary school classrooms in a public school with a high proportion of students from minority populations for a year. Results showed significant differences between the "Making classrooms" and the control classrooms, and from pre- to post-test on the students' inclination towards science. The results support the promise and potential of incorporating Making into formal schooling on the growth and long-term attitudes of children towards science and STEM in general.
EFFECTS OF THE JUVENILE HORMONE MIMIC S-31183 AND TRIFLURON ON DEVELOPMENT OF TEA SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE)

The juvenile hormone mimic S-31183 and the chitin synthesis inhibitor trifluron were compared to bendiocarb and evaluated for efficacy against all stages of the tea scale, Fiorinia theae Green on potted Camellia japonica L. plants. Three applications of S-31183 produced a mean mortality greater than but not significantly different from the mortality in the bendiocarb treatment. Based on infestation ratings, plants treated with either compound had less scale than the check 13 weeks post-treatment. Mortality in the trifluron treatments was not significantly different from those treated with bendiocarb, but after 13 weeks the trifluron-treated plants had the same degree of infestation as did the check. When S-31183 was applied to 1st instars only, more than 70% of the scales remained 1st instars one month post-treatment. Development of scales in the trifluron treatments did not differ significantly from the check. The residual effect of S-31183 and trifluron, when applied to egg-laying females on butternut s...
A longitudinal interprofessional simulation curriculum for critical care teams: Exploring successes and challenges

Interprofessional care teams are the backbone of intensive care units (ICUs) where severity of illness is high and care requires varied skills and experience. Despite this care model, longitudinal educational programmes for such workplace teams rarely include all professions. In this article, we report findings on the initial assessment and evaluation of an ongoing, longitudinal simulation-based curriculum for interprofessional workplace critical care teams. The study had two independent components, quantitative learner assessment and qualitative curricular evaluation. To assess curriculum effectiveness at meeting learning objectives, participant-reported key learning points identified using a self-assessment tool administered immediately following curricular participation were mapped to session learning objectives. To evaluate the curriculum, we conducted a qualitative study using a phenomenology approach involving purposeful sampling of nine curricular participants undergoing recorded semi-structured interviews. Verbatim transcripts were reviewed by two independent readers to derive themes further subdivided into successes and barriers. Learner self-assessment demonstrated that the majority of learners, across all professions, achieved at least one intended learning objective with senior learners more likely to report team-based objectives and junior learners more likely to report knowledge/practice objectives. Successes identified by curricular evaluation included authentic critical care curricular content, safe learning environment, and team comradery from shared experience. Barriers included unfamiliarity with the simulation environment and clinical coverage for curricular participation. This study suggests that a sustainable interprofessional curriculum for workplace ICU critical care teams can achieve the desired educational impact and effectively deliver authentic simulated work experiences if barriers to educational engagement and participation can be overcome.
Children’s strategies for self-correcting their social and moral transgressions and perceived personal shortcomings: Implications for moral agency

Previous research has found that when children engage in social and moral transgressions, they take steps to either remedy or explain their behavior. However, no prior systematic investigation has ...
The prognosis significance and application value of peritoneal elastic lamina invasion in colon cancer.

Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the associations between peritoneal elastic lamina invasion (ELI) and the clinicopathological prognostic factors of colon cancer, to evaluate the feasibility of ELI with use of an elastic stain to help diagnose serosal invasion of colon cancer in routine practice, so as to help us to provide a more accurate estimate for prognosis and stage of patients and a marker for postoperative treatment. Methods 254 cases with colon cancer were included in the study. According to the presence of elastic lamina (EL) and elastic lamina invasion (ELI), all cases were divided into four groups: pT3 EL negative (pT3 EL (-)), pT3 ELI positive (pT3 ELI (+)), pT3 ELI negative (pT3 ELI (-)) and pT4a. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the relationship between elastic lamina invasion and other established adverse histologic features. Results The EL and ELI positive rates were 81.5% and 42.1% respectively. There were significant differences in mph node metastasis, venous invasion and tumor buds between pT3 ELI (-) and pT3 ELI (+), pT3 ELI (-) and pT4a. There was no significant difference in same factors between pT3 ELI (+) and pT4a. In pT3 stage, there were significant differences in lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and tumor buds between EL (-) and ELI (+). There were no significant differences in same factors between EL (-) and ELI (-). EL was detected less frequently in right-sided tumors compared with left-sided tumors. Conclusions ELI might be the prognostic factors of colon cancer with II stage and might be the marker of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with pT3 ELI (+) might have similar prognosis to patients with pT4a. For patients with pT3 colon cancer, EL(-) might have similar prognosis as ELI (-) and might take the same therapy. In addition, the right half colon EL positive rate was lower than the left colon. Elastic staining might be a useful tool to help determine the invasive depth and stage of colon cancer.
Psychedelic therapy as a complementary treatment approach for alcohol use disorders

BackgroundTraditional treatment interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUD) have produced mixed outcomes and the global increase in AUDs demands novel and innovative approaches to addiction treatment. Psychedelic substances have been reintroduced into the Western medical community as a potential intervention to complement the treatment of AUDs.ObjectivesThis paper will discuss the implications of using psychedelic substances as a complementary approach within the treatment of AUDs.MethodsA thorough review of pertinent research focused on the use of psychedelics in relation to the affective, cognitive, social, legal, and spiritual issues commonly associated with AUDs.ResultsResearch suggests the clinical efficacy and safety of psychedelic therapy as a complementary treatment for AUDs.ConclusionFuture directions and implications to AUD treatment are provided.
Induction of human secretory and serum immune responses: molecular properties of IgA antibodies

The level and properties of antibodies (polymeric/monomeric forms and IgA subclasses) induced in various external secretions and in blood by systemic or oral immunizations with protein and/or polysaccharide antigens were examined in human volunteers. The purpose of these studies was to determine the influence of immunization routes and of antigen composition on the induction of IgA1 and IgA2 responses. Systemic immunization with polysaccharide and/or protein antigens induced a transient appearance of specific antibody-secreting cells of IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes in the peripheral blood, followed by specific antibodies in serum and in saliva. While the protein antigens induced predominantly IgAl responses, the polysaccharide-specific antibodies were mainly present in the IgA2 subclass. Most of the serum IgA specific for injected antigens occurred in a polymeric form. Although the response was weaker than after systemic immunization, oral immunization with influenza virus induced both secretory and to a lesser degree systemic antibodies. Previous exposure by mucosal or systemic routes influenced the quantity and quality of the immune response stimulated by oral or systemic immunizations.
A Model of Visual Space

Can we create a picture on the face of a television picture tube simply by manipulating switches on a keyboard? That was a question that I tackled 20 years ago. Working then on problems of city planning, I found that many people had suggestions on how to improve a city or region, but these suggestions were in the form of visual images. To communicate these images by words took so long that few people would listen long enough for the words to build up images in their minds. What was needed was a way of communicating the visual images to a television network which could display them to everyone interested.
Modeling the coronary circulation: implications in the pathogenesis of sudden death.

Numerous experimental and clinical studies of the coronary circulation have been reported in recent years, but as yet these studies have not been tied together in any sort of overall or integrated picture. The objective of this paper is to present some preliminary work on the formulation of such an integrated picture, using the techniques of mathematical model building. Such a development serves two purposes: first of all, the many diverse experimental results may be succinctly and clearly summarized by their incorporation in the model; and secondly, the model thus developed allows for the prediction of new results, as well as yielding a better understanding of the pathogenesis of such disorders as ischemic heart disease. In the following discussion, we limit our considerations to the left ventricle, the primary site of ischemic heart disease.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Who, When, and How

Antibiotic prophylaxis before endoscopy remains a controversial topic, but recent guidelines are converging to more uniform and practical recommendations. The principal thrust of current guidelines is to administer prophylactic antibiotics to patients with high-risk cardiac conditions undergoing high-risk endoscopic procedures associated with a high frequency of bacteremia. Routine upper and lower endoscopies are considered low risk in terms of bacteremia, and antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely recommended except for the subset of cardiac patients at highest risk for endocarditis.
Exploring the Effectiveness of an Intensive Treatment Program for School-Age Children Who Stutter, Camp Dream. Speak. Live.: A Follow-up Study

The purpose of this follow-up study was to explore the effectiveness of an intensive treatment program—Camp Dream. Speak. Live.—within older, school-age children who stutter. Twenty-three school-age children who stutter (age range: 7–14 years) attended this week-long intensive therapy program for the first time. Outcome measures included Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Peer Relationships Form. Findings demonstrate significant improvements in quality of life and communication attitudes can be achieved in a short period of time when increasing fluency is not a target.
A Novel Mutation in brain tumor Causes Both Neural Over-Proliferation and Neurodegeneration in Adult Drosophila

A screen for neuroprotective genes in Drosophila melanogaster led to the identification of a mutation that causes extreme, progressive loss of adult brain neuropil in conjunction with massive brain overgrowth. We mapped the mutation to the brain tumor (brat) locus, which encodes a tripartite motif-NCL-1, HT2A, and LIN-41 (TRIM-NHL) RNA-binding protein with established roles limiting stem cell proliferation in developing brain and ovary. However, a neuroprotective role for brat in the adult Drosophila brain has not been described previously. The new allele, bratcheesehead (bratchs ), carries a mutation in the coiled-coil domain of the TRIM motif, and is temperature-sensitive. We demonstrate that mRNA and protein levels of neural stem cell genes are increased in heads of adult bratchs mutants and that the over-proliferation phenotype initiates prior to adult eclosion. We also report that disruption of an uncharacterized gene coding for a presumptive prolyl-4-hydroxylase strongly enhances the over-proliferation and neurodegeneration phenotypes. Together, our results reveal an unexpected role for brat that could be relevant to human cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Analysis of solid-phase axial heat conduction upon hot-spot formation in a one-dimensional microreactor

Abstract A generalized one-dimensional model of a non-isothermal, monolithic microreactor is developed to investigate the impact of solid-phase axial heat conduction upon hot-spot formation. The model consists of a pair of first-order differential equations describing an exothermic reacting fluid which exchanges heat with the solid-phase that comprises the monolithic microreactor. Solid-phase axial heat conduction and exchange with an isothermal coolant is described by an additional second-order ordinary differential equation, with boundary conditions accounting for the possibility of conductive heat losses to adjacent fluid distribution manifolds. Criticality analysis is performed using both the explicit Van Welsenaure and Froment (VWF) criteria and implicit Morbidelli and Varma (MV) criteria. Results indicate that the VWF criteria applied to the limiting case of negligible axial heat conduction provides a reliable, albeit conservative, criteria for hot-spot prevention. Additionally, MV criteria applied to the case of sufficiently high axial heat conduction yields criteria for ensuring hot-spot formation. Analysis using MV criteria indicates that the introduction of mild solid-phase axial heat conduction promotes hot-spot formation so long as heat losses to manifolds is minimal.
A Comparative Study on Aspiration Cytology and Histopathology in Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodule and Its Correlation.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is an initial diagnostic test that has been found to be simple and cost effective but it is associated with pitfalls due to difference in correlations between FNAC and Histopathological Examination (HPE). A study was undertaken with a total of 112 patientspresenting with thyroid nodule who underwent thyroid surgeries. Preoperative FNAC and postoperative HPE were evaluated to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy. In our study we found sensitivity to be 81.48%, specificity 95.29%, positive predictive value 84.61%, Negative predictive value 94.18% and accuracy to be 91.16%. Thus we can conclude that FNAC is a simple, safe and cost-effective diagnostic modality in the investigation of Thyroid nodule with high specificity and accuracy.
Whole slide imaging of circulating tumor cells captured on a capillary microchannel device

Liquid biopsy with circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can aid in cancer detection at early stages and determine whether a certain treatment is effective or not. However, existing CTC techniques focus on one or two aspects of CTC management including sampling, enrichment, enumeration, and treatment selection. This paper reports an integrated capillary microchannel device that allows efficient capturing of CTCs with a wide microchannel, rapid enumeration of captured CTCs with whole slide cell imaging, and in situ drug testing with captured CTCs. Blood is drawn into the microchannel whose height is appropriate to the diameter of cancer cells, while its width is a thousand times larger than the diameter of cancer cells. The inner bottom surface of the microchannel is modified with long chain polymers that have cell adhesive ends to efficiently capture CTCs from blood. With this design, cells including CTCs are forced to move through the polymer coated microchannel, and the chance of cell adhesive ends interacting with specific antigens overexpressed on surfaces of cancer cells is significantly enhanced without a channel blockage issue. Captured CTCs are enumerated with a whole slide imaging platform via dual LED autofocusing technology then exposed to anti-cancer drugs, followed by live/dead assay and fluorescence imaging. Given its straightforward, easy and powerless operation, this device with whole slide imaging will be useful for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and point-of-care treatments.
Polybenzimidazole-based nanocomposite: current status and emerging developments

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a heat resistant, mechanically robust, and chemically resistant heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer. Incorporation of nanofiller in PBI matrix has motivated extensive rese...
Redox flow batteries based on insoluble redox-active materials. A review

Abstract The ever-increasing demand for energy has stimulated the development of economical non-fossil fuels. As representative of clean energy, solar and wind have been identified as the most promising energy sources due to their abundance, cost efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The intrinsic intermittent of the clean energy leads to the urgent requirements large-scale energy storage technique. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attractive technology due to their independent control over energy and power. Insoluble redox-active flow battery is a new type of electrochemical energy storage technology that disperses redox-active particles in the electrolyte. Compared with traditional flow batteries, insoluble flow batteries have advantages of large energy density and are very promising in the development of large-scale energy storage systems. At present, three types of insoluble flow batteries have been explored: slurry-based flow batteries, metal/slurry hybrid, and redox-mediator-assisted flow batteries. This Review summarizes the research progress of insoluble flow batteries, and analyzes the key challenges from the fundamental research and practical application perspectives.
Catalytic Synthesis and Decomposition of Ammonia

It is generally accepted that the rate determining process in ammonia synthesis is the chemisorption of dinitrogen, at least under the most widely studied process conditions. It is probable that also under these conditions chemisorbed nitrogen atoms are the most abundant surface intermediates. From our recent work it appears that surface iron atoms with a coordination number of 7 are more active than other surface atoms in nitrogen fixation. An explanation of this finding is sought in terms of molecular orbital symmetry and in terms of generally accepted views on the reaction mechanism.
The Surgical Approach to Hysterectomy in a Patient with Mullerian Duct Anomaly

Study Objective To present the key surgical steps to complete hysterectomy safely in the presence of uterine anomalies. Design An educational video reviewing Mullerian duct anomalies, their associated anatomic malformations, and the steps to safely complete laparoscopic hysterectomy in a patient with these anomalies. Setting Minimally Invasive Gynecology division at a tertiary care hospital. Patients or Participants N/A Interventions A 45-year-old female undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy with presence of Mullerian duct anomaly including proximal vaginal septum with two cervices. Surgical intervention including the robotic localization and resection the proximal vaginal septum. Key points of surgical safety are reviewed including complete bilateral ureterolysis and ligation of the uterine arteries at their origin. Measurements and Main Results N/A Conclusion Minimally invasive approaches can be ideal for use in a patient with a noted Mullerian duct anomaly. Identification of dual collecting ducts or additional renal anomalies is vital to complete hysterectomy safely in these patients, specifically if a uterine anomaly is not recognized prior to surgical intervention.
Recombinant human thyroid‐stimulating hormone versus thyroid hormone withdrawal preparation for radioiodine ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer in children, adolescents and young adults

Objective Recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) is commonly used to prepare patients for postoperative radioiodine (I-131) ablation after surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In adults, rhTSH is associated with equivalent oncologic efficacy in comparison to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), but its use has not been well-studied in children. We aimed to measure time to disease progression after rhTSH stimulation vs. THW in pediatric patients under the age of 21 with DTC following total thyroidectomy. Design Retrospective cohort study (March 2001-July 2018). Patients Sixteen children and adolescents (75% female, median age, 17.4 years) who received rhTSH were compared to 29 historical controls (72% female, median age, 18.5 years) prepared with THW, followed for a median of 2.4 years (range, 0.5-14). Measurements Stimulated serum TSH concentrations prior to I-131 ablation and time to disease progression, as determined by a component outcome variable encompassing both structural and biochemical disease persistence/recurrence. Results No differences were observed in tumor characteristics and I-131 dose (median 2.3 [1.8-2.90] mCi/kg rhTSH) between groups. Patients who received rhTSH achieved a similar median stimulated TSH level (163 [127-184] mU/L), compared to those who underwent THW (136 [94.5-197] mU/L; p = 0.20). Both groups exhibited similar time to progression (p = 0.13) and disease persistence/recurrence rates (rhTSH 31% vs. THW 59%, p = 0.14). Conclusion In this cohort of children and adolescents with DTC, we observed similar time to disease progression among those who received rhTSH or underwent THW prior to postoperative I-131 ablation.
The Price of Settlement: World War II Reparations in China, Japan, and Korea

World War II litigation has roiled East Asia for the past quarter century. Asian victims of Japanese military aggression — from Taiwanese comfort women to Korean forced laborers to Chinese subjects of medical experimentation — filed more than one hundred lawsuits against the government of Japan, and dozens of large Japanese corporations. The Japanese judiciary has, pursuant to various affirmative defenses, insulated both government and corporate defendants. However, in a handful of cases, Japanese corporations settled, in spite of guaranteed judicial victory. To answer the question of why corporations settled, this Article provides the first comprehensive treatment of six settlement agreements signed by Japanese corporations and forced laborers from China and South Korea. It argues that the process and terms of settlement, upon fulfilling certain criteria, make a discrete contribution to the project of war reconciliation. After providing historical context, the Article articulates a framework to evaluate the settlement agreements, based on apology, admission of liability, public memory, and monetary compensation. It then examines the extent to which each agreement attained these remedies. The case studies show the value of openness in settlement and suggest a role in private settlement for advancing social concerns.
Social Justice and Community College Education

This book explores the central role community colleges play in American social justice. The United States has long-standing social and cultural structures that perpetuate inequality along race, ethnicity, and income lines. The primary role of American community colleges is to disrupt these structures on behalf of the students we serve. In this sense, community colleges are called to play a subversive role in contemporary society, but it is a good kind of subversion. Social Justice and Community College Education makes four very important contributions to this conversation: First, the book helps us quantify and understand the size and dimension of the equity gaps in higher education by tracking ten specific student groups from historically underserved communities. Second, the book summarizes best practices research and literature with regard to pedagogy, services, programs, and leadership in community colleges, presenting practical strategies for implementation. Third, through a national survey of community college personnel, the book covers significant new territory in the discussion of work we need to do collaboratively as community colleges. Fourth, this book captures the unique and special mission of American community colleges. Our work is the work of social justice, and we carry this work out in society at a greater volume, with greater intentionality, and through greater expertise than any other sector of higher education. In this arena, community colleges should lead.
Intralymphatic immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Only a fraction of patients with allergic rhinitis receive allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). AIT is most commonly delivered subcutaneously in a series of injections over 3-5 years. Common obstacles to completing this therapy include cost and inconvenience. Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) has been proposed as a faster alternative, which requires as few as three injections spaced 4 weeks apart. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the current evidence that supports the use of ILIT for allergic rhinitis. Methods: Clinical trials were identified in the published literature by using an electronic search strategy and were evaluated by using a risk of bias tool. Treatment outcome (symptom scores, medication scores, and combined symptom and medication scores) and provocation testing results (nasal provocation and skin-prick testing) were included in a meta-analysis of standardized mean difference with subgrouping by using a random-effects model. Overall adverse event rates were tabulated, and overall risk ratios were calculated by using a random-effects model. Results: We identified 17 clinical trials that met eligibility criteria. The standardized mean difference of ILIT on the symptom and medication score was -0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.98 to -0.46; p < 0.0001) (n = 10). The standardized mean difference of ILIT on nasal provocation and skin-prick testing was -1.00 (95% CI, -1.38 to -0.61; p < 0.0001) (n = 7) and -0.73 (95% CI, -0.99 to -0.47; p < 0.0001) (n = 7), respectively. No statistically significant heterogeneity was detected. The overall adverse event rate was 39.5% for ILIT and 23.5% for placebo. Also, 98.4% of adverse events were mild. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that ILIT was safe, conferred desensitization to seasonal and nonseasonal allergens, alleviated allergic rhinitis symptoms, and reduced medication use. A larger randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial will be necessary for wider adaptation of this form of AIT.
Primary Tumors of the Pituitary Gland: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

The radiologic-pathologic features of primary tumors of the pituitary gland—the second most common histologic category of primary central nervous system tumors—can be subdivided into three categori...
Quantum Transport Simulations for Si:P δ-layer Tunnel Junctions

We present an efficient self-consistent implementation of the Non-Equilibrium Green Function formalism, based on the Contact Block Reduction method for fast numerical efficiency, and the predictor-corrector approach, together with the Anderson mixing scheme, for the self-consistent solution of the Poisson and Schrodinger equations. Then, we apply this quantum transport framework to investigate 2D horizontal Si:P δ-layer Tunnel Junctions. We find that the potential barrier height varies with the tunnel gap width and the applied bias and that the sign of a single charge impurity in the tunnel gap plays an important role in the electrical current.
Linking infant iron status, brain function, and looking behavior during a memory task (810.36)

No definition of iron deficiency (ID) exists for infants under 12 mo, but young infants (4-6 mo) are at risk of anemia and depleted iron stores. Nutritional insults during peak brain development (l...