cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation study of size-exclusion chromatography with simultaneous viscometry and light scattering measurements

Abstract The integration of an on-line viscosity or light scattering (LS) detector with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) improves the accuracy with which polymer molecular mass distributions can be measured. The coupling of a viscometer and a light scattering detector in one SEC instrument potentially offers improved precision and dynamic range for SEC polymer conformation studies. However, the increased complexity of these experiments and the subsequent data handling introduce a number of problems not present in conventional SEC. A computer simulation of the multiple detector SEC experiment was developed in order to study these effects in detail. The computer model is described and preliminary data are presented to illustrate some of the additional features of SEC with multiple detectors.
Effect of local potential variations in the model of hole superconductivity

Abstract In the model of hole superconductivity the strength of the pairing interaction depends on the local carrier density. This gives rise to a dependence of the gap function Δ k on the band energy ϵ k . Fluctuations in the local potential energy will result in different values of Δ k at the Fermi energy and hence in different values of the local energy gap. In particular, the energy gap can be sharply reduced. We study this behavior by numerical solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for the model. The behavior is contrasted with what occurs in the attractive Hubbard model, where local potential fluctuations have negligible effect. The physical origin of this behavior and the possible relevance to high- T c oxides is discussed.
Molecular structure of the seven coordinate aqua-(N-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetato titanium(III) and aqua-(N-ethoxo)ethylenediaminetriacetato titanium(IV) ([TiIII(HEDTA)(H2O)]·2H2O and [TiIV(EEDTA)(H2O)]·2H2O)

Abstract The molecular structures of the title complexes, [TiIII(HEDTA)(H2O)]·2H2O (1) and [TiIV(EEDTA)(H2O)]·2H2O (2) (HEDTA3−=(N-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetate; EEDTA4−=(N-ethoxo)ethylenediaminetriacetate) were determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The crystal parameters are as follows: 1, monoclinic, C2/c, a=11.6078(10), b=9.6660(10), c=14.3085(2) A, β=110.9420(10)°, V=1499.38(3) A3, Z=4, Dcalc=1.671 g cm−3, R=0.0558, Rw=0.1790; and 2, monoclinic, P21, a=6.7114(2), b=13.0066(2), c=8.5577(2) A, β=93.5005(4)°, V=745.63(3) A3, Z=2, Dcalc=1.676 g cm−3, R=0.0306, Rw=0.0741. Both complexes are seven coordinate. The geometry of complex 1 can be approximated as a monocapped trigonal prism, in which HEDTA is hexadentate, with the hydroxyl group coordinated to titanium. A water molecule caps a quadrilateral face as the seventh. Complex 2 has a pentagonal bipyradmidal, in which EEDTA is still hexadentate. Corresponding to increase in the oxidation state of the central metal ion, deprotonation of the hydroxyl group occurred to yield an ethoxo moiety, and to maintain an overall charge of zero for the complex. A water molecule is the seventh ligand, occupying one of the five basal coordination sites.
Poly-(triaminophenolglyoxal) as a chelating polymer in the determination of traces of nickel

Abstract The chelation and elution properties of poly-(triaminophenolglyoxal) have been studied for the determination of traces of nickel. Column chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used to determine the nickel concen-tration. The analysis can be used for concentrations at the 0–10p.p.b. level.
Solution, gradient, and Laplacian bounds in some nonlinear fourth order elliptic equations

In order to obtain bounds of the type in the title, a suitable function is defined on the solutions to a certain class of semilinear fourth order elliptic partial differential equations. The subharmonicity of this function under appropriate conditions on the coefficients and nonlinear terms leads one immediately to the desired bounds.
Reduced Order Model for the Geometric Nonlinear Response of Complex Structures

This paper focuses on the development of nonlinear reduced order modeling techniques for the prediction of the response of complex structures exhibiting “large” deformations, i.e. a geometrically nonlinear behavior, and modeled within a commercial finite element code. The present investigation builds on a general methodology successfully validated in recent years on simpler beam and plate structures by:(i) developing a novel identification strategy of the reduced order model parameters that enables the consideration of the large number of modes (> 50 say) that would be needed for complex structures, and(ii) extending an automatic strategy for the selection of the basis functions used to represent accurately the displacement field.The above novel developments are successfully validated on the nonlinear static response of a 9-bay panel structure modeled with 96,000 degrees of freedom within Nastran.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The devil and the details: psychoanalysis in the Third Reich.

Freud once observed that there was no such thing as an accident, and on many other occasions he pointed out that human motives and actions were “overdetermined.” In this he was surely right, for history—the story of human lives writ large and small—is the constant convergence of conditions known and unknown, acted upon and not acted upon. Even the contingent— the “accidental”—in history has its specific reasons for being, even if its appearance at a specific time and place is not foreseeable. Structural, institutional, and ideological forces and constraints combine with events and human agency to produce history (Marwick, 1998). The similarities between psychoanalysis and history are themselves not accidental, for Freud’s discovery qua invention was and is the most—or perhaps the only—historical discipline of the sciences of the mind. It is no surprise, therefore, that historians were among the first to apply psychoanalytic theory to their discipline. Psychoanalysis has likewise long been the subject of historical investigation, beginning with the accounts by its defenders and its critics and then, by the end of the Second World War and beyond, by historians, who have attempted to place it in its various contexts of time and place. No other era in the history of psychoanalysis has been more—subsequently or alternately—repressed, investigated, and debated than the history of psychoanalysis in Germany under Hitler. The subject itself once seemed to be an impossible one. Of course there was no psychoanalysis in Nazi Germany. Everybody knew this. The Nazis banned psychoanalysis as another “Jewish science.” Freud’s books were burned by brownshirts in the quadrangles of German universities. Psychoanalysts were
The Effects of Pulsed Corona Discharge on SO2 Absorption into Water

The absorption of SO2 from the gas mixtures of SO2/N2 into deionized water was measured under corona discharge at 22 °C and 1 atm. A model based on film theory was developed to evaluate the effects of mass-transfer enhancement in the liquid phase by chemical dissociations and corona discharge current. It has previously been reported that mass transfer in the gas phase is enhanced by corona discharge. In this study, it was also found that corona discharge enhances mass transfer in the liquid phase through liquid-side boundary-layer thinning caused by corona-induced surface vibrations. The liquid boundary layer decreases as the corona power is increased. For our experimental conditions, mass transfer was enhanced by about 5.5 times in the gas phase and about 2.3 times in the liquid phase.
Achieving the Promise of Electronic Health Record-enabled Quality Measurement: a Measure Developer’s Perspective

Electronic health record (EHR) systems support local quality improvement efforts by health care organizations and provide the opportunity to address national priority areas for quality measurement, such as specialty care, overuse and efficiency, coordination of care, change over time and patient- reported outcomes (PROs). However, variations in provider workflow and documentation habits, adoption of advanced EHR functions and exchange of interoperable data, and eMeasure specification standards affect the ability to develop and test measures that target these high priority areas for improvement. Measure developers are working with providers, national standards organizations, and other eMeasure stakeholders to address these challenges and support learning health organizations in using EHR-based measurement to improve quality.
Femoral ring allograft for anterior cervical interbody fusion: Technical note

OBJECTIVE: Cadaveric fibula with locking plate internal fixation has been reported to be associated with fewer complications and better long-term results, compared with autologous iliac crest. With the knowledge that cortically dense allografts collapse less with time, new machined femoral ring allografts were developed for anterior cervical fusion after anterior cervical discectomy. We describe the system and the technique for placement. METHODS: The femoral ring allograft set consists of color-coded graft-sizers that correspond precisely to the size of the precut grafts. The purple set is primarily intended for petite cervical vertebral bodies; the purple sizers and grafts are 11 mm wide and 11 mm deep and vary in height from 5 to 9 mm. The green sizers and grafts are 14 mm wide and 11 mm deep and vary in height from 5 to 11 mm. The blue sizers and grafts are 14 mm wide and 14 mm deep and vary in height from 5 to 11 mm. The rostral and caudal faces of the grafts are corrugated, to improve their holding capacity in the interspace. The bone is sterilely packaged in vacuumsealed bottles, the tops of which are color-coded and precisely labeled. The set also includes a graft holder (to facilitate insertion into the interspace), impactors, and a barrel-shaped cutting burr (to prepare the endplates for fusion). RESULTS: After anterior cervical discectomy to treat spondylotic radiculopathy or myelopathy, a femoral ring allograft was inserted, with allogeneic demineralized bone matrix and a locking cervical plate, in 20 cases, with no complications. Use of the system decreased the operating time by an average of 10 to 15 minutes. CONCLUSION: The femoral ring allograft system is easy to use, and there have been no complications to date. The long-term fusion rate remains to be determined. (Neurosurgery 47:1457‐1459, 2000)
Cytotoxicity testing using neutral red and MTT assays on a three-dimensional human skin substrate.

Abstract The use of a three-dimensional dermal culture system as a substrate in cytotoxicity assays is described. This substrate consists of several layers of dermal fibroblasts, derived from human foreskin, grown on pretreated nylon mesh. This physiological model of the human dermis has been used in conjunction with the neutral red assay and the MTT assay to assess the in vitro toxicity of a panel of 15 test agents from several different classes. NR50 and MTT50 endpoints (test agent concentrations yielding 50% viability) were obtained for compounds/formulations from the following groups: surfactants, alcohols, antimicrobial preservatives, metal chlorides and pesticides. In addition, the carboxylic ionophore, monensin, was tested in both assays. Limited comparisons of the in vitro neutral red and MTT results, using the three-dimensional culture system, with existing in vivo rabbit ocular irritancy data look promising. This three-dimensional model may afford several advantages over monolayer cultures.
Incoming and Outgoing Hospital CEOs: What Kind of Help Do They Want?

CEO turnover, although common, is expensive and disruptive for everyone involved. Both incoming and outgoing CEOs would welcome help in making the transition a painless experience. Through a 2005 nationwide survey of 805 current hospital CEOs, the authors obtained comments and suggestions in response to three open-ended questions about specific activities or processes that would help incoming and outgoing CEOs. Mostly, CEOs felt the need for a structured orientation process, succession planning, concrete peer and organizational support, training on recruitment and retention for the board, and an adequate separation package including continued healthcare coverage.
Are free online university courses an educational panacea

Promoted as the way to ensure equality of access to higher learning, massive open online courses are all the rage. But are they really levelling the playing field?
Perspective: Special delivery for the gut

Wanted: biomaterials for a risky journey. Giovanni Traverso and Robert Langer explain the gastrointestinal frontier.
Inter-database annotation linkages in model organism databases

Inter-database linkage via annotations is one approach to the integration of knowledge in the biomedical domain, which is often fragmented by specialization. This pilot study examined annotations in ten model organism databases and the Gene Ontology (GO) to assess explicit and implicit linkages between organisms. The databases had similar annotation processes, content, and knowledge, with some variation due to organizational objectives and technology infrastructure. While all databases had the potential to be linked to all others via GO, only some databases had non-GO links to others. This may be due in part to a lack of biologically significant relationships among some of the organisms, or that putative relationships between them that exist in GO have not yet been explored.
Forms of bullying reported by middle-school students in Latin America and the Caribbean

Nationally representative data from more than 25,000 middle-school students in 15 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean who participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2004 and 2009 were analyzed. The proportion of students by country who reported being the victim of a bully in the past month ranged from 17% to 39%. None of the countries had statistically significant differences in bullying prevalence by sex. For girls, the most common form of bullying reported in 14 countries was appearance-based (‘made fun of because of how the body or face looks’). For boys, physical aggression (‘being hit, kicked, pushed, shoved around, or locked indoors’) was the most common form in 10 countries and appearance-based bullying was the most common form reported in 4 countries. School-based anti-bullying efforts in this region must address a variety of bullying mechanisms as well as contributing factors such as body dissatisfaction.
Using a Neural Network Classifier to predict movement outcome from LFP signals

The dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is thought to be an integrative brain area for intelligent behavior in primates. It is responsible for motor planning, decision making, and has been shown to be involved with working memory. We studied the role of the DLPFC in controlling a complex instructed behavior, in which a non-human primate produced sequential arm movements punctuated by sequences of self-timed temporal intervals. We examined local field potentials (LFPs) recorded during an instruction period before the movement onset and used a Neural Network Classifier to predict whether the subject would perform the upcoming behavior correctly. The classifier was able to predict the outcomes of movement using LFPs during 3 scenarios: spatial error versus correct trial, temporal error versus correct trial, and spatial versus temporal error. The successful classification of the outcomes indicates that DLPFC LFPs can be used as a signal for cognitive neural prosthetics (CNPs).
Distinct patterns of gene and protein expression elicited by organophosphorus pesticides in Caenorhabditis elegans

The wide use of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides makes them an important public health concern. Persistent effects of exposure and the mechanism of neuronal degeneration are continuing issues in OP toxicology. To elucidate early steps in the mechanisms of OP toxicity, we studied alterations in global gene and protein expression in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to OPs using microarrays and mass spectrometry. We tested two structurally distinct OPs (dichlorvos and fenamiphos) and employed a mechanistically different third neurotoxicant, mefloquine, as an out-group for analysis. Treatment levels used concentrations of chemical sufficient to prevent the development of 10%, 50% or 90% of mid-vulval L4 larvae into early gravid adults (EGA) at 24 h after exposure in a defined, bacteria-free medium. After 8 h of exposure, the expression of 87 genes responded specifically to OP treatment. The abundance of 34 proteins also changed in OP-exposed worms. Many of the genes and proteins affected by the OPs are expressed in neuronal and muscle tissues and are involved in lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, apoptosis/cell death, and detoxification. Twenty-two genes were differentially affected by the two OPs; a large proportion of these genes encode cytochrome P450s, UDP-glucuronosyl/UDP-glucosyltransferases, or P-glycoproteins. The abundance of transcripts and the proteins they encode were well correlated. Exposure to OPs elicits a pattern of changes in gene expression in exposed worms distinct from that of the unrelated neurotoxicant, mefloquine. The functional roles and the tissue location of the genes and proteins whose expression is modulated in response to exposure is consistent with the known effects of OPs, including damage to muscle due to persistent hypercontraction, neuronal cell death, and phase I and phase II detoxification. Further, the two different OPs evoked distinguishable changes in gene expression; about half the differences are in genes involved in detoxification, likely reflecting differences in the chemical structure of the two OPs. Changes in the expression of a number of sequences of unknown function were also discovered, and these molecules could provide insight into novel mechanisms of OP toxicity or adaptation in future studies.
Metastatic glioblastoma: case presentations and a review of the literature

Extracranial metastases from glioblastoma (GBM) are uncommon with an estimated incidence of less than 2%. We report two cases of metastatic GBM seen within an 8-week period followed by a literature review. We attempted to identify common factors or a causative mechanism. Factors that predominated among the reviewed cases included male gender, tumor location, and younger age. Causative mechanisms were not apparent. While metastatic disease remains rare, it might be occurring with increasing frequency. This trend might be due to increased diagnosis, better imaging, a more extensive physician workup, or an increase in survival. Metastatic GBM can present and progress quite rapidly, and repeat evaluations of persistent or worsening complaints among GBM patients are warranted. Early diagnosis of metastatic disease spread can help to expedite alleviation of patients' discomfort, in an already aggressive disease process.
Two Mechanisms Involved in Trigeminal CGRP Release: Implications for Migraine Treatment

Objective/Background.— The goal of this study was to better understand the cellular mechanisms involved in proton stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) secretion from cultured trigeminal neurons by investigating the effects of 2 antimigraine therapies, onabotulinumtoxinA and rizatriptan. Stimulated CGRP release from peripheral and central terminating processes of trigeminal ganglia neurons is implicated in migraine pathology by promoting inflammation and nociception. Based on models of migraine pathology, several inflammatory molecules including protons are thought to facilitate sensitization and activation of trigeminal nociceptive neurons and stimulate CGRP secretion. Despite the reported efficacy of triptans and onabotulinumtoxinA to treat acute and chronic migraine, respectively, a substantial number of migraineurs do not get adequate relief with these therapies. A possible explanation is that triptans and onabotulinumtoxinA are not able to block proton-mediated CGRP secretion. Methods.— CGRP secretion from cultured primary trigeminal ganglia neurons was quantitated by radioimmunoassay while intracellular calcium and sodium levels were measured in neurons via live cell imaging using Fura-2 AM and SBFI AM, respectively. The expression of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) was determined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. In addition, the involvement of ASICs in mediating proton stimulation of CGRP was investigated using the potent and selective ASIC3 inhibitor APETx2. Results.— While KCl caused a significant increase in CGRP secretion that was significantly repressed by treatment with ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), onabotulinumtoxinA, and rizatriptan, the stimulatory effect of protons (pH 5.5) was not suppressed by EGTA, onabotulinumtoxinA, or rizatriptan. In addition, while KCl caused a transient increase in intracellular calcium levels that was blocked by EGTA, no appreciable change in calcium levels was observed with proton treatment. However, protons did significantly increase the intracellular level of sodium ions. Under our culture conditions, ASIC3 was shown to be expressed in most trigeminal ganglion neurons. Importantly, proton stimulation of CGRP secretion was repressed by pretreatment with the ASIC3 inhibitor APETx2, but not the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 antagonist capsazepine. Conclusions.— Our findings provide evidence that proton regulated release of CGRP from trigeminal neurons utilizes a different mechanism than the calcium and synaptosomal-associated protein 25-dependent pathways that are inhibited by the antimigraine therapies, rizatriptan and onabotulinumtoxinA.
Particle behavior in a two-fluid turbulent plasma jet

This paper is concerned with the application of a two-fluid turbulence model for plasma spray processes at atmospheric pressure, for improving our physical insight into the plasma/particle interactions. In this two-fluid turbulence model, the turbulent stream is treated as a two-phase mixture. The fluid parcels are assumed to be arranged in fragments, and they can exchange mass, momentum, and other properties. A stochastic approach is then used to study particle behavior under the influence of the two-fluid parcels. The Stokes number is introduced as an indicator of particle dispersion behavior. A series of simulations is performed to include the influence of different injection locations, particle sizes, and injection velocities. The results indicate the importance of the existence of large-scale eddies and variable property, Knudsen, and mass-transfer cooling effects on the particle motion and heating history.
Ab initio theory of nonlinear effects in individual and coupled microdisk resonators

Ab initio approach to description of nonlinear dynamics of individual and coupled microdisk whispering-gallerymode resonators is developed for the nonlinearities of Kerr type. Distinction between scattering resonances and eigenfrequencies, which is important for resonators with moderate quality factors is discussed. Properties of various parameters important for nonlinear dynamics, such as coupling to external radiation, linear inter-disk coupling parameter, nonlinear mode overlap coefficients are discussed from the point of view of the ab initio formulation.
Five cases of caudal regression with an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery: Further support for a caudal regression–sirenomelia spectrum†

Sirenomelia and caudal regression have sparked centuries of interest and recent debate regarding their classification and pathogenetic relationship. Specific anomalies are common to both conditions, but aside from fusion of the lower extremities, an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery ("persistent vitelline artery") has been invoked as the chief anatomic finding that distinguishes sirenomelia from caudal regression. This observation is important from a pathogenetic viewpoint, in that diversion of blood away from the caudal portion of the embryo through the abdominal umbilical artery ("vascular steal") has been proposed as the primary mechanism leading to sirenomelia. In contrast, caudal regression is hypothesized to arise from primary deficiency of caudal mesoderm. We present five cases of caudal regression that exhibit an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery similar to that typically associated with sirenomelia. Review of the literature identified four similar cases. Collectively, the series lends support for a caudal regression-sirenomelia spectrum with a common pathogenetic basis and suggests that abnormal umbilical arterial anatomy may be the consequence, rather than the cause, of deficient caudal mesoderm.
Strongyloides stercoralis: Histopathology of uncomplicated and hyperinfective strongyloidiasis in the Mogolian gerbil, a rodent model for human strongyloidiasis

Tissues from corticosteroid-treated gerbils hyperinfected with Strongyloides stercoralis were compared grossly and microscopically to similar tissues from animals with uncomplicated strongyloidiasis. Gerbils with hyperinfection developed severe pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage with a variable degree of subacute eosinophilic interstitial pneumonia associated with numerous alveolar, vascular and interstitial larvae. Hyperinfection induced by corticosteroids, given either before inoculation of S. stercoralis larvae or after a chronic Strongyloides infection was established, produced similar lesions. In contrast, lungs from gerbils with uncomplicated Strongyloides infection had severe eosinophilic perivasculitis and vasculitis with very little haemorrhage, no pneumonia and no larvae. Sections of adult worms were present in the proximal part of the intestinal tract, lodged in spaces between mucosal epithelial cells. Adult worms were not associated with inflammation and were more common in the corticosteroid-treated gerbils. In corticosteroid-treated gerbils only, there were numerous larvae in the distal intestinal tract, throughout the intestinal wall and adjacent mesentery, within interstitial tissues and in lymphatic vessels. Significant inflammation with associated larvae was only present in the caecum and mesenteric lymph nodes, suggesting that the caecum was the main site for initiation of parenteral migration with subsequent invasion of the lymphatic system and lungs. The lesions in these gerbils were similar to those found in humans. Infection of gerbils with S. stercoralis is the best rodent model of human strongyloidiasis.
Two-dimensional acousto-optic cell array (AOCA) for MUX/DEMUX application in DWDM

A two dimensional acousto-optic cell array (AOCA) to be used as an optical MUX/DEMUX in DWDM systems has been analyzed. The diffraction efficiency, deflection angle and RF frequency required for the system have been determined.
Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Co-Infection in Former Heroin Addicts in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) prevalence in former opiate or heroin addicts currently in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods: Retrospective chart review for patients (n = 342) currently attending two MMT clinics affiliated with New York Presbyterian Hospital (Adolescent Development Program, ADP: n = 106, median age 30 years; Adult Clinic, AC: n = 236, median age 45 years), as of May 2000. Results: Overall seroprevalence of those tested was 67% for HCV (ADP, 44%; AC, 80%), and 29% for HIV-1 (ADP, 13%, AC, 39%). Co-infection was present in 26% of patients (ADP, 13%; AC, 35%). Prevalence of HCV reached 92% in the 45–49 year old group (n = 53). The greatest HIV-1 prevalence (45%) was in the 35–39 year old group (n = 33). There was a linear relationship between infection seroprevalence and age at admission into MMT. Conclusions: The high prevalence of HCV and HIV-1 infections in MMT patients varies both by current age and by age at adm...
TECHNIQUES: NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF TREES

We developed an experimental technique to evaluate wood properties in standing trees. The technique utilizes two accelerometers coupled to a digital oscilloscope. With this technique, we were able to obtain relatively accurate and reliable stress wave information that could be utilized to predict the mechanical properties of wood from trees. We believe that this technique provides a good in-situ estimate of wood quality and strength. The results indicate that this method may be used in the future to determine how forests could be managed to meet desired wood and fiber qualities.
Future of germ cell cytogenetics

The celebration of the 25th Anniversary of the Environmental Mutagen Society provides an excellent opportunity to assess the status of research in a broad range of areas, with an emphasis on the directions in which they are going. This chapter concentrates on the analysis of chromosomal alterations in mammalian germ cells. The future developments in germ cell cytogenetics research will build heavily upon techniques developed over the past 25 years. With these it is possible to assess numerical and structural alterations in the male in differentiating spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and post-mei-otic cells (at the first cleavage division) and for the female in oocytes and the zygote. The most predictable advances will be in the identification of specific alterations through FISH of interphase spermatozoa in humans and further improvements with the human sperm/hamster egg in vitro fertilization technique. Of particular importance is the fact that this will allow for the study of effects in human germ cells. From a more speculative viewpoint it might be possible to assess the role of particular genomic organization on genetic outcomes by direct observation; these might include genomic imprinting and the visual separation of male and female genomes. The overall aim of germ cell cytogenetic studies will remain as improving our ability to identify and estimate the true genetic risk in humans. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interaural time discrimination ability of listeners with sensorineural hearing loss.

(1980). Interaural Time Discrimination Ability of Listeners with Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Audiology: Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 495-507.
A rationing model of imports and the balance of payments in developing countries: theoretical framework and an applicatiin to the Philippine economy

This paper provides a framework for addressing the issue of balance of payments adjustments when there are quantitative restrictions on imports. A major objective is to contribute to an understanding of how two key government policy instruments—domestic credit and import restrictions—interact in the determination of the balance of payments in developing countries. The government's decision making on the supply of domestic credit and imports is described by a reaction function derived from minimization of a loss function. An important feature of the model is the symmetric treatment of the demand and supply functions in the imports market. The estimation technique makes it possible to estimate a model for data in which some of the observations for consumer imports are on the domestic authorities' import supply function and some observations are on the private sector's demand function for imports.
c-Myc inhibition negatively impacts lymphoma growth.

Abstract Background Proto-oncogene c-Myc dysregulation is commonly found in aggressive tumors. Dysregulation is central to lymphomagenesis in Burkitt lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This suggests targeting c-Myc as a treatment for myc-associated malignancies. Methods Microarrays showed c-Myc dysregulation in a B-lymphoblastoid line, TIB-215. This was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and extended to 3 additional Burkitt lymphoma lines. Growth effects of a c-Myc inhibitor, compound 10058-F4, were determined in these 4 lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analyses and direct cell counts. Drug effects on c-Myc gene expression levels were measured using minor groove binding–TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Drug specificity was analyzed in rat c-Myc knockout (−/−) and Myc-transfected cells. Results c-Myc dysregulation was shown to be cell-cycle independent without rapid decay of c-Myc mRNA levels in all 4 lines. Using a c-Myc inhibitor, we found that growth inhibition was time- and dose-dependent. This inhibition caused unexpected downregulation (≥65%) of c-Myc mRNAs. Conclusions The inhibition of c-Myc decreased growth in aggressive lymphoma cells. This mechanism included c-Myc mRNA downregulation and dissociation of c-Myc/Max protein heterodimer. These results support targeting c-Myc in tumors with high morbidity and mortality.
Altered States of Consciousness: A "Kitbashed" Model

In previous publications on altered states of consciousness, I presented a model originally constructed by Erika Bourguignon, modified by E. Mansell Pattison, and further adapted by myself to two different biblical research projects (1955: 52; 1993: 241). My explanation of how I appropriated the model was succinct and left many questions unanswered. In this article, I explain how Bourguignon designed the model, how Pattison sought to use it, and how I began and continue the process of "kitbashing" it into a form more suited to biblical research.
A comparative study of Hillock formation in aluminum films

Abstract Studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of a variety of aluminum alloys with respect to hillock formation. Specifically, the effects of film composition, deposition temperature, and underlayer on hillock formation were investigated. The film compositions included pure Al, Al with 1.5 wt.% Cu (or AlCu), AlCu with 0.2 wt.% W, and AlCu with 0.4 wt.% W. These films were sputter deposited at 300 °C and 450 °C on either oxide- or Ti-W-coated Si substrates. Following deposition, the films were annealed in air for 20 min at 450 °C. For all film compositions, the deposition temperature had the most significant effect on the hillock density. For a given deposition temperature, the addition of Cu to pure Al drastically reduced the hillock density, but the addition of W to AlCu increased the hillock density. The effect of the underlayer on the hillock density was negligible. Cross-sections of the hillocks showed that they were solid from the bottom interface to the top surface, and no voids were found near the hillocks. The grain size did not have a significant effect on the hillock density. However, a correlation between increasing (111) film texture and decreasing hillock density was observed.
Microfluidic device with carbon nanotube channel walls for blood plasma extraction

The human plasma biomarker analysis is promised to be a revolution for disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, but it also presents major technical challenges that needs to be addressed [1]. Plasma extract from whole blood is the first step for plasma biomarker analysis. This paper reports a new microfluidic device with channel walls made of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNxCNT) as a point-of-care device to continuously extract plasma from human whole blood. The cross flow microfiltration principle is applied in this plasma extraction device. The blood sample is transported within the double spiral channels. The plasma diffuses through the porous CNxCNT wall into the spiral plasma channel while blood cells continue to flow inside the spiral blood sample channel [2].
Mechanism of adjuvant activity of poly A:U on antibody responses to hapten-carrier conjugates.

Abstract The adjuvant action of poly A:U has been analyzed in a system measuring humoral immune responses to hapten-carrier conjugates in mice. Administration of poly A:U at the time of primary immunization with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) shortens the induction period for, and heightens the magnitude of peak anti-DNP antibody and specific memory cell production. In order to define the cellular locus of poly A:U action, the effect of this adjuvant on adoptive secondary anti-DNP antibody responses was studied. Spleen cells from DNP-KLH-primed donors, which normally fail to develop adoptive secondary anti-DNP responses to a heterologous conjugate such as DNP-bovine gamma globulin (BGG), can be stimulated to do so when an appropriate dose of poly A:U is administered with DNP-BGG. The capacity for poly A:U to exert this effect requires the presence of T lymphocytes, since depletion of such cells by treatment of the donor cell inoculum with anti-θ serum and complement in vitro prior to adoptive transfer abrogates the response to DNP-BGG plus poly A:U. Moreover, evidence is presented that demonstrates that poly A:U exerts its adjuvant action on the small number of unimmunized BGG-specific T lymphocytes in the donor cell inoculum. This conclusion derives from the failure of poly A:U to augment adoptive secondary anti-DNP responses to the DNP derivative of a nonimmunogenic copolymer of d -glutamic acid and d -lysine ( d -GL) for which there are few or no specific, functional T cells.
The solution of the state-space cover problems

Using the concept of partial realization of a sequence of matrices, we give the complete solution of the state-space version of the so-called cover problems. The main tool proposed for the study of the above problems is the behavior (Hankel) matrix of the associated partial realization problem. It actually turns out that the parameterization of the solution sets follows without computation from this behavior matrix.
Sequence of a 1.4-kb region in the 3′-flanking region of the murine c-fos proto-oncogene which contains an estrogen-response element

The nucleotide sequence of a 1.4-kb region in the 3'-flanking region of the murine c-fos oncogene has been determined. This region contains an estrogen-response element which is located almost 5 kb downstream from the c-fos promoter.
Core Protection Calculator System: Past, Present, and Future

The Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS) was the first implementation of digital computers in a nuclear power plant safety protection system. The system was based on first principles to calculate the specified acceptable fuel design limit (SAFDL) online. This approach provides the theoretical optimum safety margin. The first-of-its-kind system was installed in the United States at Arkansas Nuclear One Unit 2 (ANO-2) in 1980. Extensive efforts were made by Combustion Engineering and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff to gain licensing approval of the CPCS. Based on accumulated operating experience, numerous improvements were made to enhance the performance of the CPCS. The CPCS software provided the flexibility to readily accommodate these design changes. Currently, CPCS is implemented in 21 nuclear power plants in operation or under construction in the U.S.A. and Asia. The next generation CPCS will focus on optimizing the plant protection by improving the SAFDL calculation. By taking advantage of the advances in digital computer technology, the comprehensive safety analysis code will be used online. A more detailed core power map using the incore detector signals will be used as the basis of the departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) and local power density (LPD) calculation. A quick power reduction will provide adequate margin for most of the design basis events. For these events, CPCS will initiate a reactor power cutback as opposed to a reactor trip, which will maintain the plant at a safe condition with a reduced power level.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Conservative motion of a discrete, hexahedral gyroscope

Gyroscopic motion is simulated by applying a molecular dynamics formulation to a rigid hexahedron. The mass is lumped at the vertices and the system is modeled as a collection of five particles subject to rigid body constraints. The conservative dynamical differential equations is solved numerically in such a fashion that all the system invariants are preserved. At each time step, a system of 30 nonlinear algebraic equations is solved to yield the positions and velocities of the five particles. Examples which included precession, nutation and a combination of looping and cusp formation are described and discussed.
Spectroscopic characterization of the five possible orientations of a hydrogen-bonded pair of water molecules within the cubic water octamer framework

Among the 14 conformers of the cubic water octamer, there are 114 symmetry-unique pairs of nearest-neighbor water molecules. The pairs can be divided into 5 classes based on hydrogen bonding topology. These 5 possible relative orientations are studied via isotopic replacement. Individual calculations were carried out by systematically replacing selected subsets of the 16 hydrogen atoms of a given ${({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{8}$ conformer with deuterium atoms and then performing second-order M\o{}ller-Plesset perturbation theory calculations of the clusters. From this analysis, it was found that, for a given orientation, the vibrational frequencies of the covalent $\mathrm{O}∙∙\mathrm{H}$ bonds for the 5 nearest-neighbor water pairs fall into distinct ranges. This information can be used to spectroscopically identify the different water structures by their unique water topologies and unique spectral signature.
Hepatotoxicity of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and Azathioprine (AZA) in adult IBD patients.

Objective 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine (AZA) are effective in the treatment of IBD; however, drug-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported in 10-15% of pediatric patients and has been associated with the 6-MP metabolite 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotide (6-MMPR) at levels >5,700 pmol/8 x 10(8) RBC. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of 6-MP/AZA hepatotoxicity and its correlation with serum 6-MMPR levels in adult IBD patients. Methods Aminotransferases, bilirubin, and 6-MP metabolite levels were measured in 173 adult IBD patients treated with 6-MP or AZA from November 2002 to December 2003. Hepatotoxicity was defined as AST and/or ALT >2x upper limit of normal or cholestasis. Results Eight patients (4.6%) met criteria for a diagnosis of 6-MP/AZA-induced hepatotoxicity. The mean 6-MMPR level in these 8 patients was 10,537 pmol/8 x 10(8) RBC versus 3,452 pmol/8 x 10(8) RBC in the nonhepatotoxic group (P 5,300) was 5 times that below the third quartile (11.4%vs 2.3%, P 5,300 pmol/8 x 10(8) RBC had no hepatotoxicity, while almost 40% of subjects with hepatotoxicity had 6-MMPR levels below this cutoff. Conclusions 6-MP/AZA-induced hepatotoxicity is uncommon in the adult population. Although hepatotoxicity is associated with higher mean 6-MMPR levels, the sensitivity and specificity of 6-MMPR for drug-induced hepatotoxicity was poor. Monitoring liver tests in patients on 6-MP/AZA is suggested, and dose reduction or cessation of 6-MP/AZA, even with high 6-MMPR levels, should be reserved for patients with elevated aminotransferases.
Excess ejecta craters record episodic ice-rich layers at middle latitudes on Mars

[1] We infer Amazonian climate change events from the presence of fresh craters with excess volumes of ejecta. Using the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data, the geometrical properties of 572 fresh impact craters with rim diameters between 2.5 and 102 km were compiled in lowland and highland plains. The data reveal a class of fresh craters with anomalously high ejecta volumes preferentially located in Utopia Planitia. These fresh, “excess ejecta” craters have volumes of material above the preimpact surface larger than the crater cavity volumes by factors of 2.5 to 5.8. The excess volume corresponds to an excess thickness of ejecta of about 20 to 100 m averaged over the continuous ejecta blanket. The excess material cannot be accommodated by ejecta bulking alone and requires an external process to increase the apparent volume of the ejecta and/or the uplifted surface. On the basis of the geologic setting, ejecta morphology, and calculations of increased ice stability with burial, we conclude that the most likely origin of the excess ejecta volume is the presence of an ice-rich layer tens of meters thick at the time of impact. The icy layer or a lag deposit is partially preserved beneath the ejecta blanket today. In this scenario, the icy layer has since been removed from areas unprotected by ejecta blankets, creating an apparent preimpact surface lower than the original elevation. The statistical occurrence of excess ejecta craters is consistent with climate model predictions of recent glacial periods on Mars.
Noninvasive assessment of clinical response to oral propranolol therapy.

Abstract Nineteen patients with severe but stable angina pectoris entered a double blind controlled study to evaluate the effect of orally administered propranolol on exercise tolerance measured with a bicycle ergometer, and left ventricular function measured by echocardiography and systolic time intervals. In the group treated with propranolol the dose was increased from 80 to 320 mg/day. Studies including determination of propranolol blood levels were obtained before treatment and for each dose of propranolol. With propranolol, 80 mg/day, total work performance increased by 128 percent from 765 ± 125 before treatment to 1,792 ± 285 kilopond-meters (mean ± standard error) ( P P 2 ( P
Improved interfacing of a field ionization source with a quadrupole mass analyzer

Abstract Significant improvement of interfacing field ionization (FI) sources with quadrupole mass analyzers (QMA) has been achieved by placing a ferrite insert at the detector end of the QMA and by installing a repeller electrode opposite the electron multiplier (EM). By installing a multipoint FI source ca. 1 cm from the entrance to a QMA, operated at a resolution of 250, a molar counting efficiency of ca. 3 × 10 17 counts mol −1 has been achieved. This is comparable to that obtained with a sector magnet mass analyzer at the same resolution.
(Not) giving credit where credit is due: Citation of data sets

Adequate Citation of data sets is crucial to the encouragement of data sharing, to the integrity and cost-effectiveness of science and to easy access to the work of others. The citation behavior of social scientists who have published based on shared data was examined and found to be inconsistent with important ideals of science. Insights gained from the social sciences, where data sharing is somewhat customary, suggest policies and incentives that would foster adequate citation by secondary users, and greater openness and sharing in other disciplines.
Competitive and noncompetitive rearing and shock-elicited aggression in the rat

Beginning at 21 days of age, rats were housed 10 per cage in a competitive environment (a large cage containing a single food and water source) or a noncompetitive environment (a large cage containing multiple food and water sources). At maturity, matched pairs of animals from within a single rearing cage were tested for shock-elicited fighting over five 100-trial sessions. In each of two experiments, animals reared in the noncompetitive environment displayed more aggressive behavior than animals reared in the competitive environment.
Tritium-induced effects in Paramecium aurelia.

Summary and ConclusionsEffects induced by metabolized radioactive hydrogen (tritium or T) and presumed to be genetic in nature have been measured in Paramecium aurelia. Organisms were allowed to divide 6 to 8 times during 2 days in culture fluid containing T in concentrations varying from 1 to 100 mc per ml. With increasing radioactivity of the medium, increasing death after autogamy was observed, but no preautogamous effects were noted. The response observed after exposure to T appears to be slightly lower than that induced by emitters of more energetic /3 particles at similar dosage levels. The conclusions are that no part of the effect can be ascribed to transmutation of T, the emitted electrons alone apparently inducing the biological changes; and that the difference in efficiency between T and Sr89′90Y90 in inducing the effects observed is consistent with the observations of others concerning the dependence of the mutation constant upon rate of energy loss by densely ionizing particles.