cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrophoresis of Spherical Particles with a Random Distribution of Zeta Potential or Surface Charge.

Abstract Electrophoresis is often used to measure the “average” zeta (ζ) potential on particles. However, it has been found by previous researchers that in making predictions of colloidal forces and stability, the distribution of ζ potential on the particles is important. This paper provides a straightforward method for measuring charge nonuniformity on colloidal spheres. It is shown that if the charge or ζ potential is random on a group of spheres, each covered with N equal-area patches, then the average magnitude of the dipole moment on the spheres is 0.92σζ/ N , and the average magnitude of the quadrupole moment is 1.302σζ/ N , where σζ is the standard deviation of ζ potential over the surface of individual spheres. This is true for any random distribution of ζ potential, and the results emphasize that “random” implies nonuniform. It is demonstrated that since typical translational mobility measurements are much less sensitive to random charge nonuniformity than rotational mobility measurements, the latter measurement is better suited for measuring the second moment (σζ) of ζ potential. Monte Carlo simulations were done to confirm and extend the analytical results.
Hedgerows as habitat corridors for forest herbs in central New York, USA.

1 Samples from 32 hedgerows (c. 6 m wide, with full-grown trees) in central New York included 39 forest herb taxa, comprising nearly 70% of the forest herb taxa found in adjacent forest samples. 2 We sampled three types of hedgerow. Two types were attached to forest: remnant hedgerows (n = 14), and regenerated hedgerows (n = 11) that had grown up spontaneously between open fields in the last 50 years. There were no significant differences between remnant and regenerated hedgerows in the richness or abundance of forest herbs, presumably indicating colonization of regenerated hedgerows. Such colonization implies that hedgerows serve a corridor function. 3 The species composition of forest herbs in hedgerows attached to forest stands showed a strong affinity with that of the adjacent stand, both for remnant and regenerated hedgerows. 4 There was a distance effect within hedgerows. Richness of forest herbs and similarity of composition to forest declined with distance along the hedgerow from forest, implying colonization from the adjacent attached stand. 5 The third type of hedgerow sampled, isolated remnants (n = 7), was not lower in richness or abundance of forest herbs than hedgerows attached to forest.
Detection of Small Leaks in Liquid Pipelines Utilizing Distributed Temperature Sensing

Leaks from hazardous liquid pipelines can have significant impacts on safety and the environment. The detection of such leaks in their infancy is important to the overall integrity management of pipelines. The traditional means of detecting leaks on this infrastructure typically involve visual inspection or computational monitoring. However, such methods are often inadequate for detecting and locating small discharges that can result in damage to the environment. One potential alternative technology is distributed temperature sensing (DTS).The analytical work in this paper details near-field thermal effects surrounding the pipeline, seasonal and diurnal impacts on temperature as a function of buried depth, and the impact of transient temperature response from batch product operations. The analysis demonstrated that DTS employed on a buried transmission line would be immune from many of these effects and would not generate numerous false alarms due to these conditions.Laboratory testing was conducted on both Brillouin and Raman-based DTS systems; a total of four different manufacturer’s products were utilized. The testing characterized any limitations of such systems as a function of wetted length. The testing demonstrated that such technology could accurately detect small temperature fluctuations over distances exceeding 12 km (7.5 mi) to a location with a resolution of one meter. In addition to sensitivity testing of the systems, the automated alarm systems were tested to ensure that the systems could detect leaks without generating numerous false alarms.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Literary and Historical 3D Digital Game-Based Learning: Design Guidelines

As 3D digital gameâbased learning (3D-DGBL) for the teaching of literature and history gradually gains acceptance, important questions will need to be asked regarding its method of design, development, and deployment. This article offers a synthesis of contemporary pedagogical, instructional design, new media, and literary-historical theories to articulate design guidelines for these types of game environments. From the synthesis emerges a discussion of critical components for the design of space, the virtual objects within it, and the needs of player-as-learner in synthetic worlds. Guidelines include preserving the otherness of the game world, supporting knowledge and social networks of learners in virtual spaces, and the importance of point of view with respect to situated contexts. This effort seeks to open a broader, multidisciplinary discussion on the design and use of 3D-DGBL in humanities curricula.
A Multidimensional Exploration of the Impact of International Experiences on Counselors’ Cross-Cultural Awareness

Literature on international experiences highlights their significant impact on the development of cross-cultural knowledge and awareness. Using practical examples derived from literature on multiculturalism, the multifaceted dimensions of international experiences are critically reviewed as an essential process for counselors dedicated to utilizing such experiences to enhance their cross-cultural awareness. The authors explore the dimensions of interpersonal and intrapersonal processes, as well as the expanded sense of identity that derives from international experiences. Using materials from the literature and findings from research, the authors expand dialogue on the efficacy of international experiences in contributing to cross-cultural competence.
Fatty acid analysis of phytopathogenic coryneform bacteria

SUMMARY: The classification of plant-pathogenic coryneform bacteria has been rev-recd many times. All plant-pathogenic coryneform bacteria were once classified in the genus Corynebacterium. Currently, all are classified in the genera Arthrobacter, Clavibacter, Curtobacterium or Rhodococcus. Difficulties still remain regarding the characterization of species and subspecies within these groups. Analysis of cellular fatty acids by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography has recently become a standard method of bacterial identification in many laboratories. In the studies reported here, cellular fatty acid analyses were performed to examine the plant-pathogenic coryneform bacteria as an autonomous group. A total of 189 bacterial strains were profiled. Results from these studies support the division of plant-pathogenic coryneforms into four major groups (genera). Further subdivision was not required for Rhodococcus and Arthrobacter, as each genus contains only one species of plant-pathogenic bacteria. Some, but not all, Curtobacterium pathovars could be differentiated from one another based on fatty acid analysis alone. Infrasubspecific classification of plant-pathogenic Curtobacterium organisms appears to be appropriate. Most of the species or subspecies belonging to the genus Clavibacter could be differentiated using fatty acid profiles. Other chemotaxonomic methods also differentiate organisms within Clavibacter. Reclassification is warranted within Clavibacter michiganense. Clavibacter michiganense subspecies should be returned to full species status.
Optimal solutions for the machining economics problem with stochastically distributed tool lives

Abstract This paper proposes analytical models and numerical procedures for simultaneously determining the optimal cutting speed and tool replacement policy in machining economics problems with stochastic tool lives when the objective is the minimization of the machining cost per part. It is shown that the objective function is separable for certain phase type tool life distributions, including Gamma, which leads to an efficient solution procedure.
Pheochromocytoma in a Pregnant Woman with a History of Intracerebral Aneurysms

Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy is rare; if unrecognized, potentially fatal hypertensive crises may occur. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman with a history of two intracerebral aneurysms who presented at 26 weeks' gestation with tachycardia, hypertension, and pulmonary edema. Laboratory data revealed elevated 24-hour urinary catecholamine and metanephrine levels, and abdominal sonography showed a 10-cm right adrenal mass. After stabilization with phenoxybenzamine and metoprolol, cesarean section was successfully performed at 36 weeks' gestation. Postpartum abdominal computed tomography scanning confirmed a 10-cm right adrenal mass. A benign pheochromocytoma was removed without incident. This case illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and management of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy and is also an example of the rare association of pheochromocytoma with intracerebral aneurysms.
Influence of Hydrophobicity on the Ion Exchange Selectivity Coefficients for Aromatic Amines

Hydrophobic effects could play an important role in determining the selectivity of organic ions for ion-exchange resins in aqueous solutions. We used the octanol–water partition coefficient (P) and the chromatographic capacity factor (k′) as indices of hydrophobicity of a series of primary and secondary amines, and examined their relationships with the amine selectivity coefficient (K) in binding to the Amberlite IRP-69 ion-exchange resin. Good correlations were found between log K versus log P and log K versus log k′, but the relationship appears to be dependent on the degree of substitution at the amino nitrogen. These relationships may be useful for the estimation of selectivity coefficients of various amine drug candidates when they are considered for incorporation with ion-exchange resins in potential controlled-release systems.
Observer Feedback Compensator and Cascade PD Compensator Design Based on Loop Transfer Recovery

The recent development on general observer design enables systematic minimization of the observer gain to system input by observer pole selection. Because this minimization is the necessary and sufficient condition of loop transfer recovery (LTR), an entirely new approach to achieve LTR is therefore initiated. This minimization only requires all observer poles to be clustered around any set of system zeros, while other approximate observer pole selection solutions may also exist. With this new and explicit understanding of the importance of system zeros, a zero assignment problem can thus be initiated. The open loop system zero assignment can be achieved by a cascade PD compensator. As a result, the explicit formulation of PD compensator design for zero assignment, and the explicit overall PD compensator and state/observer feedback compensator design procedure, are presented in this paper. The dual version of this new LTR approach is also presented.
Occupant generated carbon dioxide as a measure of dilution ventilation efficiency.

The time rate of decay of occupant generated carbon dioxide after workers have left a work area can be used in indoor air quality screening. Tests in a dilution chamber proved the goodness-of-fit of a limited exponential decay model. Correlation coefficients for the log-linear plots of the chamber tests approached unity as did the ratios of actual airflow to calculated flow. The model was used to estimate the number of air changes per unit time at the point of sample collection. Multiplying the number of air changes per minute by the room volume gave the effective ventilation rate. Dividing the actual quantity of air entering the space by the effective quantity provided a measure of ventilation effectiveness, i.e., a measure of mixing. The number of room air changes measured by carbon dioxide decay was positively correlated with the evaluator's qualitative assessment of the ventilation effectiveness in several offices and laboratories.
Effects of apholate, metepa, and tepa on reproductive tissues of Hippelates pusio Loew

Abstract Observations on the reproductive system of the eye gnat, Hippelates pusio Loew, fed tepa and metepa (0.01 to 0.1 percent) and apholate (0.05 to 0.5 percent) in sugar water indicated that these sterilants significantly reduced the size of gonads. Testes of treated gnats were about 23 percent smaller than those of untreated gnats at the highest levels of tepa and apholate. The germarial regions of the gonads were most severely affected. In treated testes the germarial regions were partially or completely destroyed with very few primordial germ cells. In treated ovarioles germarial regions were amorphous and their contents appeared granular. Primary follicles of immature ovarioles in treated gnats appeared smaller than those in untreated gants. Eggs of treated females appeared similar to those of untreated females. Adults were completely sterilized with tepa concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 percent, metepa at 0.1 percent, and apholate at 0.5 percent. Tepa at 0.01 percent and metepa at 0.1 percent induced 99 to 100 percent sterility, with no apparent histological damage to the testes.
The infant with supraventricular tachycardia: Diagnosis and management

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) represents one of the most commonly encountered significant cardiac conditions in childhood occurring in 1 of 250–1000 children and is themost common sustained arrhythmia from intrauterine life onwards. Themechanism of SVT is age-relatedwith atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) representing the most common tachycardia substrate in infants and young children, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) becoming more common in older children and young adults [1] and atrial fibrillation most common in adults. AVRT is due to a reentrant circuit that involves unidirectional conductionover the atrioventricular (AV) node, usually antegrade, andunidirectional conduction over an accessory AV connection, usually in the retrograde direction. For reasons that are not yet clear, some accessory AV connections are capable of only retrograde conduction, from the ventricles to the atria. In this setting SVT canoccur, but the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) during sinus rhythm is normal and the pathways are considered “concealed.” In others, antegrade conduction over the accessory connection is evident (manifest) on the surface ECG of these infants with Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome (WPW). AVRT is the most common arrhythmia seen in WPW in which antegrade conduction over the accessory AV connection during sinus rhythm causes manifest changes on the surface ECG (Fig. 1). Because accessory pathways often have a more rapid rate of conduction from the atria to the ventricles than does the normal AV node, ventricular depolarization occurs before activation from the AV node and bundle of His (pre-excitation) causing a short PR interval and wide QRS complex with a “slurred” upstroke (delta wave) [2].
Challenge of 0.3 k1 lithography by optimizing Na/sigma, OAI, biasing and BARC : Practical approach to quarter micron i-line process

One more study for pushing resolution limit down below industry agreed optical limit was performed. It was pursued for practical application, not limited to experimental purpose only. The first work was concentrated on studying how much we could lower the resolution and improve the process latitude of dense lines, which was thought as the most critical one. OAI and BARC played a role for that purpose, were expected to improve DOF as much as 105% and 15%, compared to conventional illumination and non-BARC process, respectively. It was also known from simulation that mask biasing was important to maximize DOF for dense and isolated line. It could be used to reduce CD and resist profile difference of dense and isolated features as well. Ultimate resolution was only possible by very high contrast resist. All the efforts in this work achieved quarter micron i-line process which has 1.2 micrometer DOF for dense lines, 0.8 micrometer overlap DOF and 10% exposure latitude both for dense and isolated features.
Which Business Establishments are Really Generating New Employment

In this paper several hypotheses on the characteristics of employers which are contributing to employment growth are explored. Based on the analysis of a new data set for such studies, the Employment Service ES202 Unemployment Compensation data, an attempt is made to analyze empirically the statements of others, most notably Birch, as to the sources of employment growth. Among the issues explored are the contributions to employment growth by size, age, industry, and past employment history of establishments. It is concluded that sources and patterns of employment growth are more complex than past simplistic statements indicate.
Overlap‐matched atomic orbitals

Single Slater-type orbitals can be determined which reproduce overlap integrals calculated using self-consistent-field atomic orbitals expressed in an extended basis set. Requirements and procedures for determining orbital parameters adequate for the chemically important range of internuclear distances are developed and applied to the more familiar elements. This method is applicable even in cases where no single exponential function is a generally good representation of the shape of the atomic orbital, such as the 3d function for a transition metal ion.
STUDIES ON THE PSITTACOSIS-LYMPHOGRANULOMA GROUP : 1. THE PATTERN OF MULTIPLICATION OF MENINGOPNEUMONITIS VIRUS IN THE ALLANTOIS OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

Because of the peculiar properties of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group of viruses, the pattern of multiplication in the allantois of the chick embryo of one of their number, meningopneumonitis virus, was studied. This was done by determination of the changes in its infectivity for mice and chick embryos. Titration of infectivity in embryos proved to be a more sensitive procedure than titration in mice; the latter procedure however, had the advantage of greater simplicity and gave more clear-cut results. The mouse titration method was used in most of the experiments. Following inoculation of virus into the allantois, there was a slow decrease in infectivity in the allantoic fluids followed by an increase due to appearance of new virus between 24 and 48 hours. The slope of declining infectivity in the allantoic fluids in ovo was similar if not identical with the slope of decreasing infectivity in allantoic fluids in vitro caused by thermal degradation of virus. Multiplication of the virus in allantoic membranes was characterized by the following pattern: ( a ) Increase in infectivity in the first few hours (exact duration of increase depended on concentration of virus in inoculum) due to adsorption of virus. ( b ) Decrease in infectivity up to about 20 to 24 hours. ( c ) Increase in infectivity due to appearance of the new generation of virus. The growth curve of meningopneumonitis is analyzed and the pattern of growth is discussed in the light of the present concepts of viral multiplication.
A Walt Whitman Manuscript

This article is a transcription of and an essay about a manuscript draft of Walt Whitman's "Hush'd be the Camps To-day," one of the poems in which Whiman lamented the death of Lincoln.
Mathematical theory of immunoradiometric (labeled antibody) assays.

Abstract Immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) are distinguished from conventional radioimmunoassays (RIA) by use of purified radioactively labeled antibody (Ab) instead of labeled antigen (Ag). Immunoadsorbent (ImAd) is used to precipitate free (unbound) Ab, leaving the bound Ab in the supernatant fraction, which is counted. The Ag-Ab reaction is treated as reversible, and as obeying second-order kinetics. The differential equations describing this system have been formulated, solved, and used for computer simulation studies. The sensitivity of the assay is primarily determined by the affinity constant, K. There is an optimal duration of the ImAd reaction (tmax), to maximize the slope of the dose-response curve. As the amount of ImAd increases, tmax decreases, and the maximal slope increases. For any arbitrary ImAd concentration, there is an optimal Ab concentration. Divalency of the Ab results in decreased specific activity, and a decrease in the sensitivity of the assay. The sensitivity for IRMAs is comparable to that for RIAs. Factors affecting the choice between IRMA and RIA are discussed.
REPRESENTATION OF POSETS

In this paper we give new criterions for left distributive posets to have neatest representations. We also illustrate a construction that would embed left distributive posets into representable semilattices.
Examination of Some Misconceptions about Near-Infrared Analysis:

There are some recurrent misconceptions about near-infrared (near-IR or NIR) analysis and similar chemometric techniques that have resurfaced as this technology has become more popular and widely used. These misconceptions are that (1) near-IR can never perform better than the primary reference technique from which it was calibrated, (2) near-IR models that are linear in absorbance cannot account for nonlinear effects, and (3) bias and skew adjustments are purely mathematical manipulations without physical assumptions. This paper examines how these misconceptions arise and, using real and synthetic spectra and simulated noise, presents counter examples to them. This paper also shows how one can approximate a change of scale using bias and skew adjustments to the model and lists some conditions on a model's coefficient weights that make a model insensitive to small changes in spectrometer response.
Isothermal section of Ti-B-C phase diagram at 1600°C

The isothermal section of the Ti-B-C system at 1,600 C for compositions in and adjacent to the TiB{sub 2}-TiC{sub x}-Ti{sub 3}B{sub 4} compatibility triangle was revised to reflect the fact that Ti{sub 3}B{sub 4} is an equilibrium phase in this system. Lattice parameter measurements together with image analyses of SEM micrographs of densified compacts confirm that the end member of the TiB{sub 2}-TiC{sub x}-Ti{sub 3}B{sub 4} compatibility triangle is TiC{sub 0.65} with an uncertainty in x of {+-} 0.02.
Properties of High-Spin Rotational States in Nuclei

Targets of Tb/sup 159/, Ho/sup 165/, and Tm/sup 169/ and projectiles of B/sup duce Yb/sup 166, Hf/sup 166, 168, 170, 172/, and W/sup 172, 174, 176/. The conversion-electron and gamma-ray spectra were studied for the targets during a 3- msec beam burst. Transitions with high probability of association with the ground-state rotational band were studied. Identification up to spin 14 was accomplished. (R.E.U.)
A Novel Dynamically Duty-Cyclable, Low Power UWB Impulse Radio Based Event Communication

In this paper we present a simple methodology that utilizes the timing-bins in a globally synchronized wireless sensor network to broadcast event information throughout the network. The proposed scheme enables classification as well as per node localization of an event by using bins as hop-counts. A simple implementation of immediate neighborhood validation is also proposed to prevent false-trigger. The neighborhood validation scheme enables self-healing of a faulty sensor node and can be disabled by incorporating self-validation. The proposed schemes are designed to be used in combination with impulse based UWB systems, and help reduce the need for complex MAC/Routing based packet communication in these networks. The proposed scheme implements dynamic duty-cycling as well as dynamic message sizing, ensuring low power consumption during idle as well as event communication phases. A further extension of this methodology can also be used for normal peer-peer packet based communication in conjunction with the event classification feature.
Familial resemblance for the Identical Blocks Test of spatial ability: no evidence for X linkage.

The Identical Blocks Test of spatial ability was administered to subsamples of the two largest ethnic groups tested in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition—Americans of European ancestry (171 families) and Americans of Japanese ancestry (98 families). Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis of family data and correlational analyses provided no evidence to support the hypothesis that spatial ability is influenced by a major, X-linked, recessive gene. Thus it appears that recent failures to replicate the sex-linkage pattern obtained by Stafford (1961) are not due to differences in the tests employed. We suggest that alternative explanations should be sought for the well-known sex difference in spatial ability.
Evaluation of supervisory control interfaces for mobile robot integration with tactical teams

As robotic systems become more sophisticated, they are increasingly called upon to accompany humans in high-stress environments. This research was conducted to support the integration of robotic systems into tactical teams operating in challenging and stressful environments. Robotic systems used to assist tactical teams will need to support some form of autonomy; these systems must be capable of providing operators supervisory control in cases of unpredictable real-time events. An evaluation of the relative effectiveness of three different methods of supervisory control of an autonomously operated mobile robot system was conducted: (1) hand gestures using a Microsoft Kinect, (2) an interactive Android application on a hand-held mobile device, and (3) verbal commands issued through a headset. These methods of supervisory control were compared to a teleoperated robot using a gamepad controller. The results from this pilot study determined that the touchscreen device was the easiest interface to use to override the robot's next intended movement (L2(3,23)=11.413, p=.003, d=1.58) and was considered the easiest interface to use overall (L2(3,23)=8.078, p=.044, d=.93). The results also indicate that the touchscreen device provided the most enjoyable, satisfying, and engaging interface of the four user interfaces evaluated.
Red blood cell oxidative metabolism induced by hydroxypyruvaldehyde.

Hydroxypyruvaldehyde is a substrate for the red cell glyoxalase system. It was metabolized by glyoxalase I with reduced glutathione to S-glyceroyl glutathione which was subsequently enzymatically hydrolyzed to reduced glutathione and glycerate by glyoxalase II. There was a competing spontaneous reaction of hydroxypyruvaldehyde with oxygen, which produced hydrogen peroxide, inducing oxidative metabolism in hydroxypyruvaldehyde-treated red cells. The incubation of red cells with hydroxypyruvaldehyde produced a stimulation in the flux of glucose oxidized through the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway, a stimulation in lactate production with a decrease in pyruvate production in the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway, an oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides and reduced glutathione to their oxidized cogeners, and changes in the oxidative status of hemoglobin. Overall, the majority of hydroxypyruvaldehyde consumption in red cell suspensions appeared to occur via non-oxidative routes, e.g. glyoxalase and/or 2-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase, and non-enzymic protein binding. Although the observed oxidative metabolism induced by hydroxypyruvaldehyde in red cells was not severe (reduced glutathione levels in hydroxypyruvaldehyde-treated red cells were ca. 80% of the control values in untreated cells), the oxidative effects may be important in red cell ageing processes.
Fitness function: turning the loop inside out

The process of creating art is an optimization problem for which the objective function is probably unknown and possibly undefinable. That objective function is imposed on the artist by an environment which may be composed of any of a number of sources: peers, a jury, society, the self. This does not imply that the function is arbitrary nor that the optimization is impossible; however, it does suggest an interesting interpretation of the artist at work.
Surgically Treatable Upper Respiratory Disorders

Diseases of the upper airways and trachea frequently result in inspiratory dyspnea, and surgery is often required to alleviate symptoms arising from these disorders. Although surgery alone may not effectively treat all diseases of the nasal cavity and sinuses, surgery allows removal of foreign bodies that cannot be retrieved endoscopically and may facilitate treatment of other disorders. Indications for surgery are discussed, and principles of surgery of the upper airways are reviewed.
Quantitation of circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins G and M, and C3 complement component in patients with large periapical lesions

The serum concentrations of circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins G and M, and the C3 complement component of thirty patients with one to three large periapical lesions were measured and compared with those of patients with no periapical lesions. The results indicate that there is no statistical difference between the two groups, and it appears that chronic periapical lesions cannot act as a focus to cause systemic diseases via immune complexes.
CONSERVED HELICASE DOMAIN OF HUMAN RECQ4 IS REQUIRED FOR STRAND ANNEALING-INDEPENDENT DNA UNWINDING

Humans have five members of the well conserved RecQ helicase family: RecQ1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome protein (WRN), RecQ4, and RecQ5, which are all known for their roles in maintaining genome stability. BLM, WRN, and RecQ4 are associated with premature aging and cancer predisposition. Of the three, RecQ4's biological and cellular roles have been least thoroughly characterized. Here we tested the helicase activity of purified human RecQ4 on various substrates. Consistent with recent results, we detected ATP-dependent RecQ4 unwinding of forked duplexes. However, our results provide the first evidence that human RecQ4's unwinding is independent of strand annealing, and that it does not require the presence of excess ssDNA. Moreover, we demonstrate that a point mutation of the conserved lysine in the Walker A motif abolished helicase activity, implying that not the N-terminal portion, but the helicase domain is solely responsible for the enzyme's unwinding activity. In addition, we demonstrate a novel stimulation of RecQ4's helicase activity by replication protein A, similar to that of RecQ1, BLM, WRN, and RecQ5. Together, these data indicate that specific biochemical activities and protein partners of RecQ4 are conserved with those of the other RecQ helicases.
Effects of Positive and Negative Behavioral Feedback on Subsequent Attitude‐Related Action

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of positive and negative behavioral feedback on subsequent behavior The results indicate that positive and negative feedback concerning how well individuals have acted on their attitudinal in the past have different effects on subsequent behavior These effects are moderated by individual differences in self-monitoring and in the frequency with which an individual has acted on his or her attitude in the past–variables which can be seen as reflecting differences in the extent to which individuals see themselves as persons who act on their attitudes, either in general or in regard to a specific attitudes domain Implications of the findings for understanding the literature on labeling and on feedback about energy use are discussed, as are the practical implications for using behavioral feedback in an effort to increase attitude-related action
Building Sustainability into Control Systems: Preliminary assessment of a new facilities-based and hands-on teaching approach

This paper presents an overview and preliminary assessment of an NSF TUES funded project, “Building Sustainability into Control Systems Courses.” The new inductive teaching strategy utilizes an energy efficient academic building to provide students with direct, practical exposure to modern heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and building automation systems. Students are taken on tours of the building's HVAC mechanical rooms and partake in process control laboratory experiments. New curriculum materials introduce basic operational principles of central HVAC systems and provide an overview of the control systems theory involved. A value-added, mixed-method assessment strategy uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques to closely track student performance and outcomes. Preliminary direct and indirect assessment results reveal this new facilities-based and hands-on teaching approach helps students appreciate the real-world applicability of control systems theory.
Repressor elements in the coding region of the human histone H4 gene interact with the transcription factor CDP/cut

Abstract The coding region of the human histone H4 gene FO108 undergoes dynamic changes in chromatin structure that correlate with modifications in gene expression. Such structural alterations generally reflect transcription factor interactions with gene regulatory sequences. To test for regulatory elements within the coding region, we performed transient transfection experiments in HeLa cells using constructs with histone H4 sequences fused upstream of a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter and CAT reporter gene. H4 gene sequences from −10 to +210 repressed transcription 4.8-fold. Further deletion and mutational analysis delineated three repressor elements within this region. Using oligonucleotide competition analysis and specific antibody recognition in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, as well as methylation interference and DNase I footprinting analyses, we have identified the CCAAT displacement protein (CDP/cut) as the factor that interacts with these three repressor elements. CDP/cut binding to these repressor sites is proliferation-specific and cell-cycle-regulated, increasing in mid to late S phase. Our results indicate that the proximal 200 nucleotides of the histone H4-coding region contain transcriptional regulatory elements that may contribute to cell-cycle control of histone gene expression by interacting with repressor complexes containing CDP/cut homeodomain transcription factors.
Phase densities and the merger hypothesis

The question of whether NGC 5813 and IC 1459 are merger remnants is addressed, and it is shown that these galaxies have peak phase densities that are normal for elliptical galaxies of their luminosity. Central phase densities are determined for ellipticals and for two models of exponential disks. It is demonstrated that the distribution function of an elliptical galaxy displays a higher degree of mixing than that of a constant scale-height exponential disk, consistent with the merger hypothesis. The results suggest that the merger of pure disk galaxies may produce ellipticals. 31 refs.
Reduced GABAA receptors and benzodiazepine binding sites in the posterior cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus in autism

Individuals with autism display deficits in the social domain including the proper recognition of faces and interpretations of facial expressions. There is an extensive network of brain regions involved in face processing including the fusiform gyrus (FFG) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Functional imaging studies have found that controls have increased activity in the PCC and FFG during face recognition tasks, and the FFG has differential responsiveness in autism when viewing faces. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that the GABAergic system is disrupted in the brains of individuals with autism and it is likely that altered inhibition within the network influences the ability to perceive emotional expressions. On-the-slide ligand binding autoradiography was used to determine if there were alterations in GABA(A) and/or benzodiazepine binding sites in the brain in autism. Using (3)H-muscimol and (3)H-flunitrazepam we could determine whether the number (B(max)), binding affinity (K(d)), and/or distribution of GABA(A) receptors and benzodiazepine binding sites (BZD) differed from controls in the FFG and PCC. Significant reductions were found in the number of GABA(A) receptors and BZD binding sites in the superficial layers of the PCC and FFG, and in the number of BZD binding sites in the deep layers of the FFG. In addition, the autism group had a higher binding affinity in the superficial layers of the GABA(A) study. Taken together, these findings suggest that the disruption in inhibitory control in the cortex may contribute to the core disturbances of socio-emotional behaviors in autism.
CRT or CRT-D devices? The case for ‘high energy’ devices

The decision to implant a CRT or CRT-D device is an important one that requires a careful look at the patient and discussion with the patient as to the benefits and risks associated with each approach. The good news is that CRT provided in any device is a robust therapy that improves many measures of heart failure outcome in very high-risk patients. We argue that in most circumstances, it is much easier to turn a tachycardia device off than not to have the benefit of prompt defibrillation should a tachycardia event occur. While cost is always a consideration, the responsibility of the physician is to individualize patient care and advocate for each patient, based upon the best available therapies.
Achieving Second Language Fluency through Immersion Education.

ABSTRACT The increasing need and appreciation for functional bilingualism has led to the rapid and widespread development of second language immersion programs throughout Canada. To date, research results indicate that programs in which children receive all their instruction during the primary grades in a second language are more successful than traditional approaches to second language instruction (e.g. FLESJ. In addition, evaluation of the overall development of children who are participating in such programs reveals no significant disadvantages, although there does appear to be a brief, temporary lag in the development of some aspects of native language functioning. Despite the general success of such programs, which are now beginning to gain wider interest in the U.S., there is a clear need for further research including such considerations as the broad range impact on overall development, the variety of individual differences among participating children, evaluation of alternative pedagogical techniques, and a more thorough evaluation of resulting second language skills.
Security challenges in United States sea ports: an overview

The maritime industry is a crucial link to transport billions in goods each year to and from countries throughout the world. This historical mode of transportation has steadily grown in importance, sustaining worldwide economic growth and the United States economy. It is generally agreed that an attack against an American port would have a long-lasting economic impact for the United States and its trading partners. Today’s shipping container is the primary asset used to move cargo aboard commercial shipping vessels. The containers are ubiquitous in our society with currently more than 34 million 20-ft equivalent units (TEU) in use around the globe today (World Shipping Council 2014). The typical container used in shipping is a 20- or 40-ft enclosed container. These intermodal containers have greatly enhanced the transportation industry but have also created immense security susceptibilities. Millions of these containers enter the U.S. every year and only small percentages can be inspected. These containers have posed a significant opportunity for terrorist activities to employ weapons of mass destruction or biohazards within the continental United States. This paper provides an overview of the current state and identifies what public and private security initiative enhancements should take place in order to protect the United States economy and homeland against terroristic activities.
Approach to the Hemodialysis Patient With an Abnormal Serum Bicarbonate Concentration

We present a patient receiving hemodialysis with a persistently high serum bicarbonate concentration to illustrate the evaluation and management issues for patients with both high (>25 mEq/L) and low (<20 mEq/L) pretreatment values. Patients with high serum bicarbonate concentrations typically are malnourished and have low rates of endogenous acid production. Evaluation should begin with assessment of whether an acute and potentially reversible cause of metabolic alkalosis is present. If not, management should be directed at treating malnutrition. By contrast, patients with low predialysis serum bicarbonate concentrations, in the absence of an acute and reversible cause, may benefit from increasing the level by an adjustment in dialysate bicarbonate concentration. However, the level at which one should intervene and to what extent serum bicarbonate concentration should be increased are unresolved issues. Whether such an intervention will reduce mortality risk has not been determined.
The activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase in rat tissues.

: The activity of the myelin-associated enzyme 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP) was measured in 14 rat tissues and in subcellular fractions of rat liver by a sensitive fluorometric method, using cyclic NADP as substrate. CNP activity in brain (339 μmol/h/mg protein) was fourfold that of the sciatic nerve. The activities in tissues outside the nervous system ranged from a low of 0.42 μmol/h/mg protein in the unwashed red blood cell to a high of 9.96 in the spleen. The activity was highest in tissues containing cells with membranes capable of undergoing transformation and elaboration (spleen and thymus) and low in those in which the cell membranes are morphologically stable (muscle and red cell). The enzyme was found in all major liver subtractions, with the highest activities in the microsomal and nuclear fractions. Despite the large difference in the maximal velocities of CNP in brain and liver, the affinity of the liver enzyme for the substrate (km) was similar to that of brain enzyme. Brain CNP was stable over a 48-h postmortem period.
Overnight catheter drainage in children with poorly compliant bladders improves post-obstructive diuresis and urinary incontinence

ABSTRACTPurpose:: Overnight catheter drainage (OCD) has been suggested as a treatment for boys with valve bladder syndrome as well as those with polyuric renal failure. We report our experience using overnight catheter drainage in children with poorly compliant bladders.Materials and Methods:: Between 1999 and 2004 OCD was initiated in 6 boys and 5 girls (median age 7.5 years) with poorly compliant bladders in whom aggressive daytime intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic use had failed. Etiologies of bladder dysfunction included posterior urethral valves in 1 case, The Hinman-Allen syndrome in 4, myelomeningocele in 2, neuroblastoma in 1, prune-belly syndrome in 1, transverse myelitis in 1 and sacral agenesis in 1. The amount of post-obstructive diuresis was calculated during urodynamics as the volume drained minus volume instilled divided by weight per hour. Other parameters evaluated included serum creatinine, degree of upper tract dilatation, and episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) and...
Continuous flash suppression reduces negative afterimages.

Illusions that produce perceptual suppression despite constant retinal input are used to manipulate visual consciousness. Here we report on a powerful variant of existing techniques, continuous flash suppression. Distinct images flashed successively at approx10 Hz into one eye reliably suppress an image presented to the other eye. The duration of perceptual suppression is at least ten times greater than that produced by binocular rivalry. Using this tool we show that the strength of the negative afterimage of an adaptor was reduced by half when it was perceptually suppressed by input from the other eye. The more completely the adaptor was suppressed, the more strongly the afterimage intensity was reduced. Paradoxically, trial-to-trial visibility of the adaptor did not correlate with the degree of reduction. Our results imply that formation of afterimages involves neuronal structures that access input from both eyes but that do not correspond directly to the neuronal correlates of perceptual awareness.
Compact hybrid master oscillator power amplifier based on grating coupled laser diodes

A hybrid master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) was fabricated from vertically stacked laser diodes with integrated grating couplers. The MO incorporated a dual grating reflector providing a narrow emission spectrum of 0.2 nm. Using a tapered amplifier, an output peak power of 32 W in the pulse regime was achieved.
Reconstruction of sensory stimuli encoded with integrate-and-fire neurons with random thresholds

We present a general approach to the reconstruction of sensory stimuli encoded with leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with random thresholds. The stimuli are modeled as elements of a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space. The reconstruction is based on finding a stimulus that minimizes a regularized quadratic optimality criterion. We discuss in detail the reconstruction of sensory stimuli modeled as absolutely continuous functions as well as stimuli with absolutely continuous first-order derivatives. Reconstruction results are presented for stimuli encoded with single as well as a population of neurons. Examples are given that demonstrate the performance of the reconstruction algorithms as a function of threshold variability.
The Use of the Ethical Genogram in Supervision.

The purpose of this article is to serve as a follow-up to previous articles using P. R. Peluso's (2003) ethnical genogram and the expansion of the ethical genogram to include ethical principals and ethical decision-making styles (P. R. Peluso, 2006). The authors develop monitoring forms for use in the supervision process, both for the supervisor and the supervisee. They further illustrate the use of these monitoring forms as a tool to address possible areas of development and conflict as well as to keep in the forefront the supervisee's areas of strength. Using a case example, they demonstrate the use of these monitoring forms in the supervision process. Finally, the usefulness of this tool for supervision is discussed.
A study of the heat transfer and fluid mech anics of the turbulent separating and reatt aching flo w past a backward facing step using large eddy simulation

The heat transfer and fluid mechanics of a turbulent separating and reattaching flow past a single-sided backward-facing step are studied using large eddy simulation. Threedimensional simulations of isothermal flows and flows with heat transfer causing significant property variations are performed. A fully coupled, time-derivative preconditioned, colocatedgrid, central differenced, compressible, finite volume formulation was developed to conduct the simulations. A sixth-order compact filter was used to prevent pressure-velocity decoupling. A dynamic subgrid scale model was used to model the effects of the smaller eddies. NavierStokes characteristic boundary conditions designed by Poinsot and Lele were used to provide boundary conditions. The isothermal turbulent flow past the step, at a Reynolds number of 5,540 (based on the step height and upstream centerline velocity) and a Mach number of 0.006, was simulated to validate the formulation. Periodic boundary conditions in the spanwise direction for all variables were employed. All solid walls were maintained at the reference temperature of 293 K and no slip velocity boundary conditions were used. Inflow conditions were provided from an independent large eddy simulation of a turbulent plane channel flow. From the simulations, the mean reattachment point was located at xfh—6.1 as opposed to xjh—6.51 from the recent experiments of Kasagi and Matsunaga. Excellent agreement with the experiments in the mean quantities and turbulent statistics was obtained. Subsequently, the bottom wall downstream of the step was supplied with uniform wall heat flux levels of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 kW/m2, while all other walls were insulated. The viscous sub-layer played a critical role in controlling the heat transfer rate. Dramatic variation of