cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein lipase is synthesized by macrophage-derived foam cells in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hydrolyzes the core triglycerides of lipoproteins, thereby playing a role in their maturation. LPL may be important in the metabolic pathways that lead to atherosclerosis, since it is secreted in vitro by both of the predominant cell types of the atherosclerotic plaque, i.e., macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Because of uncertainty concerning the primary cellular source of LPL in atherosclerotic lesions, in situ hybridization assays for LPL mRNA were performed on 12 coronary arteries obtained from six cardiac allograft recipients. Macrophages and smooth muscle cells were identified on adjacent sections with cell-specific antibodies and foam cells were identified morphologically. LPL protein was localized using a polyclonal antibody. LPL mRNA was produced by a proportion of plaque macrophages, particularly macrophage-derived foam cells, but was not detected in association with any intimal or medial smooth muscle cells. These findings were confirmed by combined immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization on the same tissue sections. LPL protein was detected in association with macrophage-derived foam cells, endothelial cells, adventitial adipocytes, and medial smooth muscle cells, and, to a lesser extent, in intimal smooth muscle cells and media underlying well-developed plaque. These results indicate that macrophage-derived foam cells are the primary source of LPL in atherosclerotic plaques and are consistent with a role for LPL in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
OPTOMETRY'S CLAIM TO RECOGNITION VALID ONLY IN RECOGNITION OF ITS EDUCATION

This frank and candid presentation of facts, by Dr. William B. Needles, of The Northern Illinois College of Optometry, relative to the present status of The Northern Illinois, and Optometry schools in general, brings a dire warning, fraught with portentous dangers, to Optometry the profession…No thinking optometrist will question the truth of the Doctor's opening lines, when he states, “If leaders in our profession can remain complacent in the face of these dangers, then they must hold to the opinion that surviral of our colleges is a matter of no great importance to Optometrists.” Those intimately acquainted with Dr. Needles, know that he is not given to idle prophecies. He says, “…We haw two enrollment periods before we reach the bottom of the cycle, one in September of this year, and another in September, 1943…IT WILL DEPEND UPON THE SIZE OF THE CLASSES WE ENROLL IN THESE TWO GROUPS, WHETHER OR NOT WE CAN SURVIVE. IF WE ARE FORCED TO CLOSE WE PROBABLY COULD NEVER REOPEN.”
A colorimetric gold nanoparticle biosensor: effect of particle size on sensitivity

We have previously developed a label-free optical method to study biomolecular interactions in real time at the surface of an optically transparent substrate. The method relies on the change in the absorbance spectrum of a self-assembled monolayer of gold nanoparticles on glass as a function of biomolecular binding at the surface of the immobilized nanoparticles. Here, we report upon optimization of this sensor by examining the effect of particle size on the analytical sensitivity of the sensor. Increasing the diameter of the gold nanoparticles from 13 nm to 47 nm is shown to increase the sensitivity of the sensor by a factor of three for the model streptavidin-biotin receptor-ligand pair.
Multiparametric scaling of diffraction intensities

A novel and general approach to scaling diffraction intensities is presented. The method minimizes the disagreement among multiple measurements of symmetry-related reflections using a stable refinement procedure. The scale factors are described by a flexible exponential function that allows different scaling corrections to be chosen and combined according to the needs of the experiment. The scaling model presented here includes: scale and temperature factor per batch of data; temperature factor as a continuous function of the radiation dose; absorption in the crystal; uneven exposure within a single diffraction image; and corrections for phenomena that depend on the diffraction peak position on the detector. This scaling model can be extended to include additional corrections for various instrumental and data-collection problems.
Intradermal and follicular delivery of adapalene liposomes

Background: Adapalene is a widely used topical anti-acne drug; however, it has many side effects. Liposomal drug delivery can play a major role by targeting delivery to pilosebaceous units, reducin...
Teratoid Hepatoblastoma with Abundant Cholangioblastic Component in a Child with Full Trisomy 13

ABSTRACT Teratoid hepatoblastoma is a rare histological subtype of hepatoblastoma. A 15-month-old girl with full trisomy 13 presented with a liver mass (6 × 4.4 × 3.4 cm). Histological examination showed a teratoid hepatoblastoma with very different differentiation patterns intermixed with each other. Approximately 30% of the tumor demonstrated a primitive glandular epithelium component, which had a moderate to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma-like morphology, and features of mucinous epithelium with a biliary immunophenotype. We designated it as cholangioblastic component. The child received 4 cycles of monotherapy with doxorubicin after complete resection and showed no evidence of residual tumor 8 months after surgery. Our case is not only the 1st report of hepatoblastoma in trisomy 13 but also represents a unique example with a large glandular epithelium component with cholangioblastic features. Increased awareness of this entity and further molecular studies are needed for better understanding of th...
An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance.

Why does performing certain tasks cause the aversive experience of mental effort and concomitant deterioration in task performance? One explanation posits a physical resource that is depleted over time. We propose an alternative explanation that centers on mental representations of the costs and benefits associated with task performance. Specifically, certain computational mechanisms, especially those associated with executive function, can be deployed for only a limited number of simultaneous tasks at any given moment. Consequently, the deployment of these computational mechanisms carries an opportunity cost-that is, the next-best use to which these systems might be put. We argue that the phenomenology of effort can be understood as the felt output of these cost/benefit computations. In turn, the subjective experience of effort motivates reduced deployment of these computational mechanisms in the service of the present task. These opportunity cost representations, then, together with other cost/benefit calculations, determine effort expended and, everything else equal, result in performance reductions. In making our case for this position, we review alternative explanations for both the phenomenology of effort associated with these tasks and for performance reductions over time. Likewise, we review the broad range of relevant empirical results from across sub-disciplines, especially psychology and neuroscience. We hope that our proposal will help to build links among the diverse fields that have been addressing similar questions from different perspectives, and we emphasize ways in which alternative models might be empirically distinguished.
DIFFERENCES IN RATE OF CYTOCHROME- b EVOLUTION AMONG SPECIES OF RODENTS

Although molecular evolution often appears to proceed in a clocklike fashion, examples to the contrary are increasing in number. Our study compares rate of cytochrome-b evolution in 21 rodent species, each of which belongs to a different genus. In these comparisons, substitutions at synonymous sites appear to be saturated, precluding inferences about rate of synonymous substitution. Rate of nonsynonymous substitution differs significantly among many of the rodents studied. However, the cause or causes of these differences in substitution rate remains in question. Differences in generation time, body size, or metabolic rate do not seem to be associated with rate of nonsynonymous substitution in these rodents. Effective population size remains a viable explanation of the observed rate heterogeneity. However, we suggest that a search for simple causes of differences in rate of molecular evolution may be difficult in light of numerous aspects of an organism's biology that may together influence evolutionary rates over space and time.
In vivo imaging methods to assess glaucomatous optic neuropathy

The goal of this review is to summarize the most common imaging methods currently applied for in vivo assessment of ocular structure in animal models of experimental glaucoma with an emphasis on translational relevance to clinical studies of the human disease. The most common techniques in current use include optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. In reviewing the application of these and other imaging modalities to study glaucomatous optic neuropathy, this article is organized into three major sections: 1) imaging the optic nerve head, 2) imaging the retinal nerve fiber layer and 3) imaging retinal ganglion cell soma and dendrites. The article concludes with a brief section on possible future directions.
Initial management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis with oral ketoconazole and topical clotrimazole.

In a randomized study, 151 women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and suffering from an acute episode of candidal vaginitis were assigned to receive either oral ketoconazole, 400 mg daily for 14 days, or clotrimazole vaginal suppositories, 100 mg daily for 7 days. One week after completion of therapy, evaluation revealed a clinical cure or improvement in 86.4% of ketoconazole- and 81.7% of clotrimazole-treated patients (P > .5), with a mycologic response in 80.3% and 81.7%, respectively. In the absence of maintenance suppressive antimycotic therapy, further follow-up for two months revealed an extremely high rate of clinical and mycologic failure in both groups, reaching 52.5% after ketoconazole and 62.6% after clotrimazole (NS). Adverse effects were significantly more common with systemic ketoconazole than accompanying topical clotrimazole therapy. Although both forms of antifungal therapy were highly successful in inducing clinical and mycologic remission in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, this study emphasized the need for immediate initiation of maintenance therapy following an initial clinical improvement.
Effects of diffusion in laminar hypersonic wakes

The comparisons show that the imperfect gas effects are about 5% for very strong shock waves (Ms ~ 20) into air at one atmosphere pressure, whereas, for strong shock waves (Ms ~ 10) into 2.63 atm, the effects are about 7%. These effects are, of course, maximum at highest density and therefore behind the reflected shock wave and at other stagnation conditions. For high pressure or high density shock tube studies, the results of Lewis and Burgess' 2 are to be preferred over the previously published perfect gas results.
Polarized light emission from grain boundaries in photovoltaic silicon

Some crystalline defects in photovoltaic silicon have deleterious effects on the energy conversion efficiency of the material. Distinguishing the harmful defects from the benign defects is a critical problem in the mechanics of materials for solar energy conversion. Interestingly, the visible light absorbed by silicon in the same part of the solar spectrum that is used to generate photocurrent, can also excite photoluminescence, which may be used to generate images of the microstructure. Slightly longer wavelengths in the near infrared (IR) may be used to measure strain in the material via photoelastic (PE) imaging. These two imaging modalities have recently been combined in a single instrument, and we show here the additional capability to identify and categorize defects directly by capturing the narrow band of photoluminescence emitted by regions of high dislocation density. We use this method to show that dislocations arranged in low angle grain boundaries emit polarized light, while dislocation structures in neighboring high angle grain boundaries do not emit polarized light. This capability may form the basis for next-generation, full-field optomechanics-based characterization of materials for solar energy conversion.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of 6R Robot Based on Real Time Inverse Kinematic Algorithm

As the research object of lab's existing 6R robot,its kinematic model is constructed with D-H method. And complex exponential is applied to solving the analytical solution of 6R inverse kinematics. The solving process is translated into solving the equations of six variables and the inverse kinematic solution is got by the equal of matrices' elements. Kinematic model and inverse kinematics are validated. In the method of solving inverse kinematics,the solution process is simplified and the calculation is lower,with no extraneous roots and missing roots. Then based on inverse kinematic solution,the path planning of uploading workpiece by robot is done utilizing polynomial interpolation programming algorithm and the three-dimensional simulation is realized. The result of the simulation shows that the inverse kinematic analytical solution can ensure real time of simulation,the effect of polynomial interpolation programming algorithm is good and the method of three-dimensional simulation is feasible.
The Poets Light but Lamps

For all the critical attention to Dickinson’s composing the fascicles (a period that ran only from sometime in 1858 through months of 1864), there has been little commentary on the long pages of copied poems (called “sets”) which followed. There has been still less notice of the arrangements Dickinson used at the end of her career. A few critics have offered readings of her poetry based on the assumption that from the mid-seventies until her death, few lines separated “poem” from “letter.” But more radically and more recently, the composition of each whole—however defined—has begun to come under scrutiny.
Proper use of new diuretics.

The potent new diuretics are remarkably efficacious and easy to administer and make possible maintenance of the edema-free state in otherwise difficult cases. The efficacy and rapidity of action of these new drugs impose on the physician a greater burden of knowledge and the necessity for more sophisticated monitoring of the patient.
Rehabilitation for the head and neck cancer patient

As the economics of health care increasingly dictate the parameters of patient care delivery, the role of rehabilitation has taken on new meaning with regard to positive patient outcomes. This is particularly true for the head and neck cancer patient coping with devastating physical and functional changes. With treatment advances leading to increased survival, health-care providers must therefore focus on restoring function and assisting the patient to achieve an acceptable quality of life. For the head and neck cancer patient with multiple rehabilitation needs, this can best be accomplished through a comprehensive, coordinated approach, utilizing interdisciplinary clinical and community resources aimed at facilitating the rehabilitation process and ultimately achieving individualized rehabilitation goals.
Demonstration of Fuel Hot-Spot Pressure in Excess of 50 Gbar for Direct-Drive, Layered Deuterium-Tritium Implosions on OMEGA.

A record fuel hot-spot pressure ${P}_{\mathrm{hs}}=56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Gbar}$ was inferred from x-ray and nuclear diagnostics for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion cryogenic, layered deuterium--tritium implosions on the 60-beam, 30-kJ, 351-nm OMEGA Laser System. When hydrodynamically scaled to the energy of the National Ignition Facility, these implosions achieved a Lawson parameter $\ensuremath{\sim}60%$ of the value required for ignition [A. Bose et al., Phys. Rev. E 94, 011201(R) (2016)], similar to indirect-drive implosions [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255003 (2015)], and nearly half of the direct-drive ignition-threshold pressure. Relative to symmetric, one-dimensional simulations, the inferred hot-spot pressure is approximately 40% lower. Three-dimensional simulations suggest that low-mode distortion of the hot spot seeded by laser-drive nonuniformity and target-positioning error reduces target performance.
Temporary Equilibrium: A History of Applied General-Equilibrium Analysis

After the existence of general equilibrium was proved in the early 1950s, the next decade brought applications of general-equilibrium theory to policy issues such as the welfare effects of tariffs and the incidence of the corporate income tax. By the 1970s, general-equilibrium theory was being applied to practical problems through the numerical implementation of models calibrated to actual data, in what has become known as applied or computational general-equilibrium analysis (AGE, CGE). AGE is actually an umbrella term for a diverse family of related approaches, which we outline below. We focus most on the intellectual tradition of Herbert Scarf because his is distinct from other branches of AGE analysis as “the most direct link between [general-equilibrium] theoretical work and CGE modeling” (Peter Dixon and B.R. Parmenter 1996, 6). Scarf’s work took place in the context of post-war institutional collaborations between the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, the RAND Corporation, Yale University, and Stanford University, as well as the shift in economics toward mathematical exposition. We consider how general-equilibrium theory became applied. Building on advances in applied mathematics and computing capabilities, Scarf’s algorithm allowed researchers to find an explicit numerical solution for a Walrasian general-equilibrium system, “a revolutionary advance that has helped shape policies affecting every American” (Glenn Hubbard in Sam Roberts 2015). The history of AGE analysis reveals how developments since the 1970s, including computerization, have profoundly shaped the economist’s approach to applied economics.
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid cancers are classified into four major histopathologic entities: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas are called differentiated thyroid cancers because the cells resemble normal thyroid cells histologically. In many reports, they are grouped together. This chapter will focus on the evaluation and management of follicular thyroid carcinoma that has a unique pathophysiology which differs from that of papillary thyroid cancer. Follicular thyroid carcinoma is defined pathologically as a malignant tumor of the follicular thyroid cells with histopathological characteristics of capsular and vascular invasion. These features differentiate it from follicular adenoma. The follicular thyroid carcinoma is composed of well-differentiated follicular epithelial cells that lack nuclear features of papillary carcinoma. Two variants of follicular carcinoma include the Hurthle cell cancer and insular carcinoma and will also be discussed here.
Concussion Profile in Older Adults (P3.310)

Objective: To examine profiles of individuals with concussion in middle aged to older adults. Background: Most concussion studies focus on athletic and military populations whereas middle aged and older studies typically focus on moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Thus, there is limited information on non-sports related concussion presenting to a family medicine concussion clinic. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of patients, over the age of 40, presenting at a community hospital based concussion clinic. Physician evaluation included symptoms and injury history and the examination included physical cognitive, vestibular, musculoskeletal, and neurological components. Results: A total of 47 patient (gender: 40.4[percnt] male, age: 55.2 ± 11.1 years old) with a median time between injury and initial visit to the clinic of 33.5 days. Most common mechanisms for injury were fall (37.5[percnt]) and motor vehicle accidents (MVA) (35.4[percnt]). Over half the patients (52.3[percnt]) reported a history of mental health illness with depression (40.4[percnt]) and anxiety (34[percnt]) being the most common. Headache (89.6[percnt]), difficulty concentrating (66.7[percnt]), sleep difficulty (62.5[percnt]), memory difficulty (60.4[percnt]), dizziness (58.3[percnt]), and sensitivity to lights (52.1[percnt]) were the most common symptoms. Most patients (64.6[percnt]) reported over 5 symptoms. Most patients (88[percnt]) received referrals (Physical Therapy: 29.2[percnt], Vestibular Therapy: 56.2[percnt]) and over half had two or more referrals (53.2[percnt]). Conclusions: The majority of older adults with prolonged concussion recovery reported multiple symptoms a month post-injury. This population substantially differs from the younger population with most concussion resulting from falls and MVA. The rate of pre-existing mental health illness was higher (52.3[percnt]) than expected for an age matched population which may play a role in the prolonged recovery. The injury profiles herein differ from athletic or military populations which adds further challenges to the clinical management of concussion amongst middle aged to older adults. Disclosure: Dr. DiFabio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fayock has nothing to disclose. Dr. Andrews has nothing to disclose. Dr. Buckley has nothing to disclose.
Gold particle formation via photoenhanced deposition on lithium niobate

Abstract In this work, we report on a technique to reduce gold chloride into sub-micron particles and nanoparticles. We use photoelectron transfer from periodically polarized lithium niobate (PPLN) illuminated with above band gap light to drive the surface reactions required for the reduction and particle formation. The particle sizes and distributions on the PPLN surface are sensitive to the solution concentration, with inhibited nucleation and large particles (>150 nm) for both low (2E−8M to 9E−7M) and high (1E−5M to 1E−3M) concentrations of gold chloride. At midrange values of the concentration, nucleation is more frequent, resulting in smaller sized particles (
Up from Clinical Epidemiology & EBM

As the now commonly recommended study of ‘clinical epidemiology’ is meant to be preparation for practice of EBM, it is important, for everyone concerned, to understand that EBM is a cult movement, one whose founding doctrine is diametrically antithetical to the progress-promoting essence of modernity. The founding doctrine of the EBM cult is, also, at variance with the essence of science and the imperatives of professionalism in medicine. This doctrine is, however, widely appealing to doctors – even if its particular precepts, and practice, aren’t. The prevailing discordance between the touting and the practice of EBM is huge. The proper balance between those two is attained by making both of them disappear.
The Association between Hepatitis C Infection and Lymphoma in AIDS.

Abstract Background: Many studies have demonstrated a possible association between hepatitis C and a wide spectrum of lymphoproliferative malignancies. Increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), suggesting that HCV infection increases NHL risk through chronic immune stimulation. Most of the previous studies excluded patients with immunodeficiency. No study looked at the association between established chronic HCV infection and lymphoma in AIDS patients. However, previous studies found no relation between HCV infection and lymphoma in HIV patients. The aim of our study is to determine the correlation between chronic HCV infection and lymphoma in AIDS patients. Methods: A hospital based retrospective case control study was performed in a tertiary care center. The medical records of 603 AIDS patients were reviewed between January 2001 and December 2005. 284 patients with both AIDS and hepatitis C in the first group and 319 control patients with AIDS only in the second group. The diagnosis of hepatitis C and AIDS was determined retrospectively from the patients medical records. Only patients with AIDS were included in the study. AIDS was defined as CD4 Results: Among the 284 patients with both AIDS and HCV infection 7 (2.4%) patients were found to have lymphoma at any stage of the disease. On the other hand, 8 (2.4%) patients were found in the control group. By using the Fisher Exact Probability Test there was no statistically significant increase in the incidence of lymphoma among AIDS patients with HCV infection compared to the control group (p=0.823063, and Odds Ratio =0.9824). The type of lymphoma was not determined giving the small number of cases and that the majority of lymphoma in AIDS are NHL cases. Conclusion: Our data showed that among AIDS patients, co infection with Hepatitis C virus doesn't increase the incidence of lymphoma. Giving the fact that AIDS is a low immunity status, this conclusion supports the theory that chronic immune stimulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma in HCV infection.
Abstract 208: Farnesylation-Dependent Fibrosis in the Aged Murine Heart

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from the aged murine heart express reduced levels of the multipotency marker Nanog. These CD44 + CD45 - MSC inappropriately differentiate into fibroblasts characterized by markedly enhanced basal collagen expression. While collagen synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts derived from young mice is driven by TGF-β1, paradoxically, fibroblasts derived from the aged heart displayed reduced TGF-β1 responsiveness and decreased TGF-β receptor expression (ALK5). To resolve this apparent contradiction we looked for other pathways leading to collagen expression. We found that circulating insulin levels in aged mice were elevated ∼2.5 fold when compared to young animals. We hypothesized that increased circulating insulin levels drive MSC differentiation and caused upregulation of procollagen expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Our in vitro experiment confirmed that insulin at a pathophysiological concentration (1 nM) increased procollagen type I expression only in fibroblasts isolated from old hearts. As insulin can signal through substrate prenylation, cardiac fibroblasts isolated from aged mice had ∼2 fold greater basal activity of farnesyltransferase (FTase, enzyme that transfers the prenyl chain) than fibroblasts isolated from young mice. FTase activity was further increased when fibroblasts isolated from aged hearts were stimulated with insulin. Cells derived from 3 month old mice did not upregulate FTase activity in response to insulin. Basal expression of FTase regulatory subunit (FNTA) was also upregulated by 3 fold in aged fibroblasts and expression of catalytic subunit (FTNB) was increased with insulin stimulation. FTase inhibitor reduced procollagen synthesis in aged fibroblasts. Here we present new data linking insulin-dependent upregulation of collagen type I synthesis via increased farnesylation in the aging heart.
Privacy expectations and preferences in an IoT world

With the rapid deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and the variety of ways in which IoT-connected sensors collect and use personal data, there is a need for transparency, control, and new tools to ensure that individual privacy requirements are met. To develop these tools, it is important to better understand how people feel about the privacy implications of IoT and the situations in which they prefer to be notified about data collection. We report on a 1,007-participant vignette study focusing on privacy expectations and preferences as they pertain to a set of 380 IoT data collection and use scenarios. Participants were presented with 14 scenarios that varied across eight categorical factors, including the type of data collected (e.g. location, biometrics, temperature), how the data is used (e.g., whether it is shared, and for what purpose), and other attributes such as the data retention period. Our findings show that privacy preferences are diverse and context dependent; participants were more comfortable with data being collected in public settings rather than in private places, and are more likely to consent to data being collected for uses they find beneficial. They are less comfortable with the collection of biometrics (e.g. fingerprints) than environmental data (e.g. room temperature, physical presence). We also find that participants are more likely to want to be notified about data practices that they are uncomfortable with. Finally, our study suggests that after observing individual decisions in just three data-collection scenarios, it is possible to predict their preferences for the remaining scenarios, with our model achieving an average accuracy of up to 86%.
Successful hematopoietic cell transplantation following cardiac transplantation in two pediatric patients

We report two patients who underwent cardiac transplantation at a young age and subsequently required a HCT for varied indications. Despite the challenges associated with HCT following cardiac transplant, including need for altered immunosuppression, toxicities related to chemotherapy exposure, and infection risks, both patients are currently alive and well. There is a paucity of such successful cases documented in the literature, and these cases highlight the critical importance of an experienced, multidisciplinary team when caring for this patient population.
Medicaid Expansion And Community Health Centers: Care Quality And Service Use Increased For Rural Patients.

Medicaid expansion had great potential to affect community health centers (CHCs), particularly in rural areas, because their patients are predominantly low income and disproportionately uninsured. Using data for 2011–15 on all CHCs, we found that after two years Medicaid expansion was associated with an 11.44-percentage-point decline in the share of CHC patients who were uninsured and a 13.15-percentage-point increase in the share with Medicaid. Changes in quality and volume were consistently observed in rural CHCs in expansion states, which had relative improvements in asthma treatment, body mass index screening and follow-up, and hypertension control, along with substantial increases in volumes for eighteen of twenty-one types of visits—particularly those for mammograms, abnormal breast findings, alcohol-related disorder, and other substance abuse disorder. Similar relative gains were not observed in urban CHCs in expansion states. Repealing or phasing out Medicaid expansion could reverse observed gains...
An Overview of the Ultrafine Problem

Processing of fines poses many problems mainly because traditional techniques do not work efficiently. In this paper, problems in fine grinding, concentration of fines and ultrafines and dewatering of slimes are reviewed along with the fundamental reasons involved. Effects of chemical additives on grinding and interference by dissolved mineral species in selective separation are examined in detail. Promising techniques considered for the beneficiation of fines include selective flocculation and agglomeration, oil and dissolved air flotation, column flotation, and magnetic, electrostatic and electrophoretic techniques. Subsidence behaviour of slimes utilized in the formulation of phenomenological models is discussed. Finally, important research opportunities in fine particle processing areas are noted.
Proceedings of the Workshop

A universal, concise definition of an oceanic front is difficult to set down. Rather, the nature of fronts are best perceived through a community of characteristics.
BINARY COMPLEXES INVOLVED IN ENZYMIC TRANSAMINATION

SUMMARY (1) The unsatisfactory nature of the evidence for the participation of ternary complexes in transamination is discussed. (2) A method is presented for the analysis of the different possible kinds of binary complexes occurring in steady-state transamination systems. This analysis was applied to the pig heart glutamic alanine aminotransferase where it was shown that the contribution of the abortive complexes was negligible. (3) It was shown that this analysis indicates that none of the intermediary complexes is the conjugate base of any other observable complex. Such a hypothesis is also supported by the lack of Vm variation with pH and current experiments with substrate analogs. (4) Binary complexes which have been identified as being of the intermediary type have maxima at about 325 mμ, 360 mμ and 492 mμ. (5) It is suggested that substrate analogs may play an important role in the elucidation of the mechanism of transamination.
Highly-efficient thermoelectric pn-junction device based on bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering technique

Layered structure bismuth telluride and molybdenum disulfide thin films were successfully deposited on different substrates using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The structural, morphological, and thermoelectric transport properties of bismuth telluride and molybdenum disulfide thin films have been investigated systematically to fabricate high-efficient thermal energy harvesting thermoelectric device. The magnitude of the Seebeck coefficient of bismuth telluride thin films decreases with increase in film thickness. Bismuth telluride grown at 350 °C for 10 min, which is approximately 120 nm, displays a maximum Seebeck coefficient of −126 μV K−1 at 435 K. The performance shows strong temperature dependence when the films were deposited at 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C. The power factor increases from 0.91 × 10−3 W/mK2 at 300 K to about 1.4 × 10−3 W/mK2 at 350 K. Molybdenum disulfide films show the positive Seebeck coefficient values and their Seebeck coefficient increases with film thickness. The AFM images of bismuth telluride thin films display a root-mean-square (rms) roughness of 32.3 nm and molybdenum disulfide thin films show an rms roughness of 6.99 nm when both films were deposited at 350 °C. The open-circuit voltage of the pn-junction thermoelectric generator (TEG) device increases with increase in ΔT to about 130 mV at ΔT = 120 °C. We have demonstrated a highly efficient pn-junction TEG device for waste heat recovery applications.
Acyl-chain selectivity and physiological roles of Staphylococcus aureus fatty acid–binding proteins

Fatty acid (FA) kinase produces acyl-phosphate for the synthesis of membrane phospholipids in Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. FA kinase consists of a kinase protein (FakA) that phosphorylates an FA substrate bound to a second module, an FA-binding protein (FakB). Staphylococcus aureus expresses two distinct, but related, FakBs with different FA selectivities. Here, we report the structures of FakB1 bound to four saturated FAs at 1.6-1.93 A resolution. We observed that the different FA structures are accommodated within a slightly curved hydrophobic cavity whose length is governed by the conformation of an isoleucine side chain at the end of the tunnel. The hydrophobic tunnel in FakB1 prevents the binding of cis-unsaturated FAs, which are instead accommodated by the kinked tunnel within the FakB2 protein. The differences in the FakB interiors are not propagated to the proteins' surfaces, preserving the protein-protein interactions with their three common partners, FakA, PlsX, and PlsY. Using cellular thermal shift analyses, we found that FakB1 binds FA in vivo, whereas a significant proportion of FakB2 does not. Incorporation of exogenous FA into phospholipid in ΔfakB1 and ΔfakB2 S. aureus knockout strains revealed that FakB1 does not efficiently activate unsaturated FAs. FakB2 preferred unsaturated FAs, but also allowed the incorporation of saturated FAs. These results are consistent with a model in which FakB1 primarily functions in the recycling of the saturated FAs produced by S. aureus metabolism, whereas FakB2 activates host-derived oleate, which S. aureus does not produce but is abundant at infection sites.
Ameliorating the Metabolic Burden of the Co-expression of Secreted Fungal Cellulases in a High Lipid-Accumulating Yarrowia lipolytica Strain by Medium C/N Ratio and a Chemical Chaperone.

Yarrowia lipolytica, known to accumulate lipids intracellularly, lacks the cellulolytic enzymes needed to break down solid biomass directly. This study aimed to evaluate the potential metabolic burden of expressing core cellulolytic enzymes in an engineered a high lipid-accumulating strain of Y. lipolytica. Three fungal cellulases, Talaromyces emersonii-Trichoderma reesei chimeric cellobiohydrolase I (chimeric-CBH I), T. reesei cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II), and T. reesei endoglucanase II (EG II) were expressed using three constitutive strong promoters as a single integrative expression block in a recently engineered lipid hyper-accumulating strain of Y. lipolytica (HA1). In yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium, the resulting cellulase co-expressing transformant YL165-1 had the chimeric-CBH I, CBH II, and EG II secretion titers being were 26, 17, and 132 mg L-1 respectively. Cellulase co-expression in YL165-1 in culture media with a moderate C/N ratio of ~4.5 unexpectedly resulted in a nearly two-fold reduction in cellular lipid accumulation compared to the parental control strain, a sign of cellular metabolic drain. Such metabolic drain was ameliorated when grown in media with a high C/N ratio of 59 having a higher glucose utilization rate that led to approximately two-fold more cell mass and three-fold more lipid production per liter culture compared to parental control strain, suggesting cross-talk between cellulase and lipid production, both of which involve the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Most importantly, we found that the chemical chaperone, trimethylamine N-oxide dihydride increased glucose utilization, and cell mass and total lipid titer in the transformants, suggesting further amelioration of the metabolic drain. This is the first study examining lipid production in cellulase-expressing Y. lipolytic strains under various C/N ratio media and with a chemical chaperone highlighting the metabolic complexity for developing robust, cellulolytic and lipogenic yeast strains.
Adult child and elderly parent household: Issues in stress for theory and practice

Intergenerational households—adult child and elderly parents—are an alternative lifestyle. A review of the literature suggests that several factors are related to the level of stress in these households. A number of structural, individual family member and family factors which may influence the stress level in intergenerational households are explicated. It is suggested that community resources mediate the linkages between the structural factors, individual family member factors, family factors, and the level of stress in intergenerational households. A number of practice strategies for preventing and dealing with stress are discussed.
High Risk of Alcohol-Impaired Driving in Adults With Comorbid Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Population.

Objective:Alcohol-impaired driving is a significant source of injury and morbidity in the United States. People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are more likely to drive while impaired by alcohol th...
Ultrafast optically induced ferromagnetic/anti-ferromagnetic phase transition in GdTiO 3 from first principles

Epitaxial strain and chemical substitution have been the workhorses of functional materials design. These static techniques have shown immense success in controlling properties in complex oxides through the tuning of subtle structural distortions. Recently, an approach based on the excitation of an infrared active phonon with intense midinfrared light has created an opportunity for dynamical control of structure through special nonlinear coupling to Raman phonons. We use first-principles techniques to show that this approach can dynamically induce a magnetic phase transition from the ferromagnetic ground state to a hidden antiferromagnetic phase in the rare earth titanate GdTiO3 for realistic experimental parameters. We show that a combination of a Jahn–Teller distortion, Gd displacement, and infrared phonon motion dominate this phase transition with little effect from the octahedral rotations, contrary to conventional wisdom. First-principles calculations reveal that the antiferromagnetic phase in GdTiO3 can be stabilized through the optical excitation of particular phonon modes, combined also with epitaxial strain. Oxide perovskites provide a rich playground for studying the coupling between structural, electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom. Although their properties can be tuned through strain or doping, certain phases, like the antiferromagetic phase in GdTiO3, have not been achieved experimentally. Guru Khalsa and Nicole A. Benedek demonstrate through first-principles calculations that the excitation of phonon modes through ultrafast optical pulses can induce dynamically this phase, at the cost however of high electric fields. Nevertheless, their amplitudes can be significantly lowered when optical excitation is combined with modest epitaxial strain. The model that they put forward, provides significant light into the competing structural dynamics at play in perovskites out of equilibrium.
Comparison of Biologic Discontinuation in Patients With Elderly-Onset Versus Younger-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective The objective of this study is to compare biologic drug discontinuation rates for older- versus younger-onset rheumatoid arthritis (YORA) because this is a key outcome measure that could impact prescribing practices. Methods We performed a retrospective medical record review of all patients who fulfilled the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 1999-2013 among residents of a geographically defined area, with follow-up until death, migration, or July 1, 2017. Discontinuation rates were estimated using cumulative incidence adjusted for the competing risk of death. Results A total of 240 cases of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) and 366 cases of YORA were identified (65% and 73% female, respectively; P = 0.025). Cumulative incidence of biologic initiation was lower among the EORA cohort compared with the YORA cohort (18% vs 33%, respectively, at 10 years after RA incidence; P < 0.001). Among those treated with a biologic, years from RA diagnosis to first biologic treatment was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.62). Drug survival of first biologic was 64% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%-77%) and 53% at 2 years (95% CI: 33%-66%) for EORA, compared with 61% at 1 year (95% CI: 50%-69%) and 45% at 2 years (95% CI: 34%-53%) for YORA (P = 0.75). Concurrent glucocorticoid use at initiation of first biologic was statistically and significantly associated with a lower risk of discontinuation in EORA (hazard ratio 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08-0.53) but not in YORA (interaction P = 0.04). Conclusion Drug survival rates of biologic medications did not differ significantly between patients with EORA and YORA.
Conducting Research with Individuals at Risk for Suicide: Protocol for Assessment and Risk Management

OBJECTIVE Suicide prediction, prevention, and intervention are urgent research areas. One barrier for research with high-risk populations is limited resources to manage risk in a research setting. We describe using the University of Washington Risk Assessment Protocol (UWRAP) to assess and manage suicide risk during phone-administered eligibility assessments in two clinical trials. METHOD Study 1 (N = 151) recruited suicidal adults who were not engaged in mental health treatment and Study 2 (N = 135) recruited suicidal adults who used alcohol to regulate emotions. Pre- and postassessment ratings of stress, urge to harm self, urge to use drugs/alcohol, and intent to harm self were compared and strategies to manage increased suicide risk following screening interviews were implemented, as indicated. RESULTS In both studies, average postassessment ratings were significantly lower than pre-assessment. A minority of participants reported higher ratings on one or more domains; however, following more thorough suicide risk assessment, risk was appropriately managed by providing low-level interventions (e.g., validation). CONCLUSIONS Suicide risk in research involving community participants can be managed by using appropriate risk protocols.
Perspectives of Sickle Cell Disease Stakeholders on Heritable Genome Editing

Advances in CRISPR technology and the announcement of the first gene-edited babies have sparked a global dialogue about the future of heritable genome editing (HGE). There has been an international call for public input to inform a substantive debate about benefits and risks of HGE. This study investigates the views of the sickle cell disease (SCD) community. We utilized a mixed-methods approach to examine SCD stakeholders' views in the United States. We found SCD stakeholders hold a nuanced view of HGE. Assuming the technology is shown to be safe and effective, they are just as supportive of HGE as genetics professionals, but more supportive than the general public. However, they are also concerned about the potential implications of HGE, despite this support. As discourse surrounding HGE advances, it is crucial to engage disease communities and other key stakeholders whose lives could be altered by these interventions.
Recent Advances in Analytical Approaches for Glycan and Glycopeptide Quantitation.

Abstract Growing implications of glycosylation in physiological occurrences and human disease have prompted intensive focus on revealing glycomic perturbations through absolute and relative quantification. Empowered by seminal methodologies and increasing capacity for detection, identification, and characterization, the past decade has provided a significant increase in the number of suitable strategies for glycan and glycopeptide quantification. Mass-spectrometry-based strategies for glycomic quantitation have grown to include metabolic incorporation of stable isotopes, deposition of mass difference and mass defect isotopic labels, and isobaric chemical labeling, providing researchers with ample tools for accurate and robust quantitation. Beyond this, workflows have been designed to harness instrument capability for label-free quantification, and numerous software packages have been developed to facilitate reliable spectrum scoring. In this review, we present and highlight the most recent advances in chemical labeling and associated techniques for glycan and glycopeptide quantification.
Remote Teaching During COVID-19: Implications from a National Survey of Language Educators

Abstract To mitigate transmission of COVID-19, rapid changes in instructional delivery moved from in-person to remote instruction. Although literature from before the crisis suggests that online language learners fare at least as well as their face-to-face counterparts, the abrupt shift from face-to-face contexts to remote learning is fundamentally different from planned online learning. Understanding the nature of this shift can inform future online and remote teaching. This national survey study was guided by research questions that explore any substantive change in the practices and perceptions of PreK-12 and post-secondary language teachers’ instruction during COVID-19. It explores any change as related to classroom setting (PreK-12 vs post-secondary) and prior experience with distance education. Data suggest that few language educators reported experiences with or positive perceptions toward teaching online before COVID-19. However, they made numerous adjustments to their typical procedures/policies and expectations while engaged in remote teaching. Educators expressed concerns about student outcomes. PreK-12 teachers and those without prior experience with online teaching were least confident that instructional goals were met despite having reported well-designed courses. Implications for effective remote language teaching are presented for consideration.