cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid long-range collision avoidance for crowd simulation

Local collision avoidance algorithms in crowd simulation often ignore agents beyond a neighborhood of a certain size. This cutoff can result in sharp changes in trajectory when large groups of agents enter or exit these neighborhoods. In this work, we exploit the insight that exact collision avoidance is not necessary between agents at such large distances, and propose a novel algorithm for extending existing collision avoidance algorithms to perform approximate, long-range collision avoidance. Our formulation performs long-range collision avoidance for distant agent groups to efficiently compute trajectories that are smoother than those obtained with state-of-the-art techniques and at faster rates.Another issue often sidestepped in existing work is that discrete and continuum collision avoidance algorithms have different regions of applicability. For example, low-density crowds cannot be modeled as a continuum, while high-density crowds can be expensive to model using discrete methods. We formulate a hybrid technique for crowd simulation which can accurately and efficiently simulate crowds at any density with seamless transitions between continuum and discrete representations. Our approach blends results from continuum and discrete algorithms, based on local density and velocity variance. In addition to being robust across a variety of group scenarios, it is also highly efficient, running at interactive rates for thousands of agents on portable systems.
A central role for the WH2 domain of Srv2/CAP in recharging actin monomers to drive actin turnover in vitro and in vivo

Cellular processes propelled by actin polymerization require rapid disassembly of filaments, and then efficient recycling of ADF/cofilin-bound ADP-actin monomers back to an assembly-competent ATP-bound state. How monomer recharging is regulated in vivo is still not well understood, but recent work suggests the involvement of the ubiquitous actin-monomer binding protein Srv2/CAP. To better understand Srv2/CAP mechanism, we explored the contribution of its WH2 domain, the function of which has remained highly elusive. We found that the WH2 domain binds to actin monomers and, unlike most other WH2 domains, exhibits similar binding affinity for ATP-actin and ADP-actin (K(d) approximately 1.5 microM). Mutations in the WH2 domain that impair actin binding disrupt the ability of purified full-length Srv2/CAP to catalyze nucleotide exchange on ADF/cofilin-bound actin monomers and accelerate actin turnover in vitro. The same mutations impair Srv2/CAP function in vivo in regulating actin organization, cell growth, and cell morphogenesis. Thus, normal cell growth and organization depend on the ability of Srv2/CAP to recharge actin monomers, and the WH2 domain plays a central role in this process. Our data also reveal that while most isolated WH2 domains inhibit nucleotide exchange on actin, WH2 domains in the context of intact proteins can help promote nucleotide exchange.
Panglossian Paradox: How Paradigmatic Purity Compromises Policy Effectiveness

Ethical systems are embedded in paradigms. The call for an ethical approach to economics must ultimately address the nature and critique of the existing paradigm, rather than focus simply on individual behavior or policy prescriptions. The existing paradigm has its own ethical norms and foundations, even if not widely understood or acknowledged. The norms and paradigm must shift together as part of the same process of critique.
Perioperative Outcomes for Laparoscopic and Robotic Compared With Open Prostatectomy Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Database

Objective To examine contemporary outcomes of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) compared with open prostatectomy, using a national, prospective perioperative database reflecting diverse practice settings. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried from 2005 to 2010 for laparoscopic or robotic prostatectomy (Current Procedural Terminology code 55866) and open retropubic prostatectomy (Current Procedural Terminology codes 55840, 55842, 55845). Perioperative outcomes examined were surgical and total operation duration, transfusion rates, length of stay, major morbidity (cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, and infectious), and mortality. Results The study identified 5319 radical prostatectomies: 4036 MIRP and 1283 open. Although operative time was significantly longer in the MIRP group, there were significantly fewer perioperative blood transfusions and shorter mean length of stay. Major postoperative morbidity and mortality were 5% in the MIRP group and 9% in the open group (P <.001). Age, body mass index, presence of medical comorbidities, and open surgical technique were all independently predictive of major complications and mortality on multivariate analysis. Conclusion In a nationwide database of diverse medical centers, MIRP was associated with longer operative time, but a significantly decreased rate of blood transfusions, length of stay, perioperative complication rate, and mortality compared with open prostatectomy. The minimally invasive surgical approach was independently associated with significantly fewer complications and deaths on multivariate analysis. Compared with other administrative databases that capture only inpatient events, the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program identifies complications up to 30 days postoperatively, providing more detailed characterization of complications after prostatectomy. These data reflect contemporary practice patterns and suggest that MIRP can be performed with low perioperative morbidity.
The influence of hyperconjugation on properties of borane adducts

Primarily exploratory calculations, using CN/INDO methods, into the influence of hyperconjugation on molecular properties of borane adducts are presented. Discussion centers around the molecule BH3CO. While the theoretical methods are relatively crude, useful generalizations emerge which suggest the need for treatment by less approximate methods and/or suggest what experiments are likely to yield information about the concept of hyperconjugation. The properties discussed are structure, energy, nuclear spin-spin coupling, nuclear quadrupole coupling, photo-electron spectra, and infrared band intensities.
Phase I and II liver enzyme activities in juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) collected from three sites in the Kissimmee–Everglades drainage, Florida (USA)

Abstract We examined CYP1A (measured using hepatic EROD and MROD activities) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) collected from three sites with varying contamination in the Kissimmee–Everglades drainage in south Florida. We hypothesized that contaminants present in areas with intermediate or higher contaminant concentrations would alter hepatic enzyme activities in juvenile alligators from those sites when compared to hepatic enzyme activity in animals from the area with the least contamination. EROD activity was found to be higher in animals from the site with lower reported levels of contamination relative to those from the site with the highest reported contamination suggesting an inhibition of CYP1A expression or activity. No differences among animals from the three sites were observed for hepatic MROD and GST activities. A significant negative relationship between EROD, MROD, and GST activities and body size was exhibited in alligators from the site with the lowest contamination. No relationship between body size and hepatic enzyme activity was found in animals from the sites with intermediate and higher contamination, suggesting that contaminants present at these sites act to alter this relationship. No correlation was observed in this study between plasma steroid concentrations (estradiol-17β or testosterone) and hepatic EROD, MROD, or GST activities.
Ion beam mixing of marker layers into amorphous aluminum oxide

Abstract Thin layers of various marker species embedded in amorphous Al 2 O 3 were ion beam mixed with 210 keV Ar in a temperature range of − 166°C to 790°C. All of the metal markers (Ag, Fe, and Zr) were found to mix only to a ballistic level. The oxide markers studied were Fe 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , and ZrO 2 . Thermally assisted ion mixing was seen, in decreasing amounts, in Fe 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , and Cr 2 O 3 . No thermally assisted ion beam mixing was observed for ZrO 2 or the metal markers.
Argumentation, instructional design theory and students’ mathematical learning: a case for coordinating interpretive lenses

Abstract This paper coordinates argumentation and the instructional design theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) to provide a microanalysis of one second-grade, whole-class discussion. We use tenets associated with Toulmin’s theory of argumentation to identify the structure of the emerging argument. We also use Krummheuer’s notion of collective argumentation to account for how the argumentation is socially accomplished. We then analyze the same discussion using Gravemeijer’s levels of mathematical activity to characterize the students’ emerging, self-generated models. As a consequence of adapting our interpretive framework using these two perspectives, on the one hand, we clarify the reflexive relationship that exists between the students’ models and nature of students’ mathematical arguments. On the other hand, we argue that these two aspects of the students’ mathematical activity play an important role in facilitating possible learning opportunities during the lesson.
Chapter 1. Introduction: The Emergence of Permeable Insulation

Circumstances have changed dramatically between the early 1990s, when the world hailed Japan as one of its economic superpowers, and the early twenty-first century, as the country entered its second decade of economic stagnation. Domestically, Japan's industries have experienced major structural change, the relocation of production abroad, deregulation, and experimental macroeconomic policy such as zero-level interest rates. Internationally, the rise of the yen after 1985 and the increasing competitiveness of industrializing economies in Asia have reduced opportunities for firms producing inside Japan. At the same time, trade liberalization and financial market integration have increased pressure for governments throughout the developed world to comply with international rules in such diverse areas as competition policy, financial regulation, subsidization of private investment, and the adoption of multilateral trade dispute settlement. External and internal pressures have thus combined to force Japan to ...
Subcutaneous Fascial Bands—A Qualitative and Morphometric Analysis

Background Although fascial bands within the subcutaneous (SQ) layer are commonly seen in ultrasound images, little is known about their functional role, much less their structural characteristics. This study's objective is to describe the morphological features of SQ fascial bands and to systematically evaluate the bands using image analyses tools and morphometric measures.
The determination of bone viability: A histochemical method for identification of lactate dehydrogenase activity in osteocytes in fresh calcified and decalcified sections of human bone

We have developed a technique for assessing bone viability by the histochemical demonstration of lactate dehydro-genase (LDH) activity in osteocytes. Fresh sawn and ground (75 mU) sections were prepared from femoral heads removed at operation from patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. the sections were decalcified overnight in cold 10% EDTA, pH 7.0. LDH activity was shown by the tetrazolium-formazan reaction with nitroblue tetrazolium as indicator and lithium lactate as substrate. Osteocytes were regarded as viable if their cytoplasm stained dark blue, indicating LDH activity; lacunae containing non-viable osteocytes could be identified by interference contrast illumination. Nearly all osteocytes were viable in the samples studied. Small trabecular fragments, such as could be obtained by needle biopsy, were also suitable for staining after grinding to approximately 50 p. the method should have application both in research and in diagnosis of ischemic bone disease.
Development of potassium ion sensors using polypyrrole electrodes on a polyimide substrate

Myocardial Ischemia is a condition which affects millions of people in the U.S. It is known that a rise in levels of extracellular potassium indicates the onset of this condition. This presentation demonstrates the fabrication of a unique potassium sensing device which combines a conducting polymer, polypyrrole, with micro/nano fabrication and nanowire technology. We discuss the fabrication of gold/polypyrrole electrodes on a flexible polyimide substrate. Conducting polymers offer numerous advantages when it comes to ion sensing including increased stability in response while micro/nanofabrication aids in the overall miniaturization. The small size and flexibility makes this device suitable for future biomedical applications involving implantation. In this presentation, various electrode structures including nanowire electrodes ware investigated. Testing is conducted with an electrochemical analyzer where changes in open circuit potentials reflect changes in potassium ion concentration.
Gestalt Closure and the Human Visual Evoked Cortical Potential

Summary Previous research examined the relationship between perceptual psychological content and the human visual evoked cortical potential (VECP). Each study suffered a common methodological problem. The stimuli's properties covaried with their perceptual-psychological content. To circumvent this problem, VECP's were recorded before and after Ss (14 men and women) “closed” Gestalt figures. A small, consistent increase in amplitude was observed after figures were organized.
Improved sternal closure using steel bands: Early experience with three-year follow-up

Background. Use of stainless steel wires in median sternotomy closure is at times associated with serious complications. In view of this, the efficacy and safety of a stainless steel band designed for fixation and approximation of the sternum in cardiothoracic procedures was evaluated in a prospective, randomized study. Methods. Forty-eight patients undergoing open heart operations that involved a median sternotomy were studied. Group I (n = 21) was closed with four to six steel bands, and group II (n = 27) with six to eight standard stainless steel wires. The average age of the patients and the risk factors predisposing to dehiscence were similar in both groups. Results. One postoperative death occurred in each group due to cardiac failure. In group I, the mean length of the postoperative hospital stay was 10.2 ± 1.76 days (±2 standard errors), whereas in group II the mean was 13.9 ± 3.4 days (±2 standard errors). Banded patients complained less of postoperative pain, although statistical significance was not achieved. No problems arose in either group during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusions. The steel bands, compared with wires, provided not only effective fixation, but a reduction in both postoperative pain and postoperative hospital stay. The band is now being studied in a larger group of patients to evaluate the incidence and type of complications associated with its use, as well as length of postoperative hospital stay.
Hydraulic reversals and episodic methane emissions during drought cycles in mires

Reversals in hydraulic head and extensive methane losses were identified during a drought cycle from changes in hydraulic-head and dissolved-methane profiles in peat, Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota, United States. During the summer 1990 drought, regional groundwater discharged from the mineral soil underlying the peat to raised bogs. Concentrations of dissolved CH[sub 4] in pore water showed that much of the peat column was supersaturated with respect to a reference standard of 1 atm partial pressure CH[sub 4]. By the summer of 1991, the severity of the drought lessened, and the upper peat column was resaturated with precipitation-derived water. Groundwater flow was then controlled by local, precipitation-driven, recharge flow systems, and the regional groundwater that was discharged affected only the peat immediately above the mineral soil-peat interface. In contrast, during the summer of 1991, concentrations of dissolved CH[sub 4] in pore water were all undersaturated with respect to 1 atm partial pressure CH[sub 4]. 23 refs., 5 figs.
Medical Students As Standardized Patients In A Second-Year Performance-Based Assessment Experience

Performance-based assessments of medical students using standardized patients (SPs) have been conducted in a variety of formats during both pre-clinical and clinical years. At Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, a series of performance-based assessment (PBA) experiences have been established in the second year to evaluate students' abilities to integrate basic skills and medical knowledge. The format developed was based on classmates acting as SPs. The PBA experiences were perceived by students as being effective in reinforcing the goals of the curriculum and the format was viewed positively. The smallgroup learning experience provided by the patient training session was valued by students, and was an important part of their positive attitude toward the time required for acting as an SP. Thus using students as SPs can be an excellent cost-effective approach for performance-based assessments used as formative evaluation.
The structure of short-lived excited states of molecular complexes by time-resolved X-ray diffraction.

Experimental and computational methods for time-resolved (TR) diffraction now allow the determination of geometry changes on molecular excitation. The first results indicate significant changes in the interatomic distances and molecular shape on photo-excitation, but also a dependence of the induced changes on the molecular environment. Though the use of high-brightness synchrotron sources is essential, it limits the time resolution to the width of the synchrotron pulse which is currently 70–100 ps. The experiments discussed fall into two categories: (i) picosecond powder diffraction experiments on the molecular excitation to a singlet state, and (ii) microsecond experiments on the excited states of inorganic complexes. Both involve reversible processes for which a stroboscopic technique can be applied.
Mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii unable to fix nitrogen.

Abstract 1. 1. Two stable mutants unable to fix 2 have been isolated from Azotobacter vinelandii . 2. 2. Activities associated with nitrogen fixation in induced wild type are lacking in crude extracts of induced mutants. The activities tested were ATP-dependent H 2 evolution from S 2 O 4 2− , the reductions of N 2 to NH 4 + , C 2 H 2 to C 2 H 4 , N 3 − to NH 4 + and CN − to CH 4 . 3. 3. When a crude extract of each mutant was assayed with Component I or Component II prepared from induced wild type, it was found that one mutant has neither Component I nor Component II activity; the other is missing only Component I.
Emotions in the Workplace

Over 20 years have passed since sociologists interested in emotion have turned their attention to the workplace. Often hierarchically ordered, the workplace setting offers a natural laboratory, of sorts, for exploring the roles that power and status (Kemper 1978) and cultural (Simon et al. 1992; Clark 1997) and organizational norms (Hochschild 1983; Pierce 1995; Sutton 1991) play in both the experience and expression of emotion.
Lower azure B methylene blue ratios in Giemsa type blood and malaria stains.

Starting from ancient reports that rare samples of methylene blue were apparently sufficiently contaminated with azures to give red plasmodial and red purple nuclear chromatin in Chenzinsky type methylene blue eosin stains, it was decided to determine how little azure B would suffice for such staining in methylene blue eosin stains. The traditional 1902 Giemsa had an azure : methylene blue : eosin ratio of about 6 : 3 : 6.3 : 10; Lillie's 1943 formula had a 5 : 7 : 10 ratio. In the current series of tests 5 : 7 : 10 (I), 4 : 8 : 10 (II), 3 : 9 : 10 (III), 2 : 10 : 10 (IV), 1 : 11 : 10 (V), and 0 : 12 : 10 (VI) were used. Malaria and blood stains were better than the standard 5 : 7 : 10 (I) in III, IV and II in that order. Normal and leukemic human blood, mouse blood with Plasmodium berghei, and monkey blood with the CDC strain of Pl. falciparum were used as test materials. The staining mixtures were made from highly purified samples of azure B and methylene blue. Staining mixtures contained 12 ml 0.1% thiazin dye, 10 ml 0.1% eosin, 2 ml each of glycerol, methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 3 ml acetone as accelerator, and distilled water to make 40 ml; staining times of 10--30 min were used.
Angiotensin-receptor blockade and risk of cancer: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Summary Background Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) are a widely used drug class approved for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and, recently, for cardiovascular risk reduction. Experimental studies implicate the renin-angiotensin system, particularly angiotensin II type-1 and type-2 receptors, in the regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumour progression. We assessed whether ARBs affect cancer occurrence with a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of these drugs. Methods We searched Medline, Scopus (including Embase), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the US Food and Drug Administration website for studies published before November, 2009, that included any of the seven currently available ARBs. Randomised controlled trials with an ARB given in at least one group, with a follow-up of at least 1 year, and that enrolled at least 100 patients were included. New-cancer data were available for 61 590 patients from five trials. Data on common types of solid organ cancers were available for 68 402 patients from five trials, and data on cancer deaths were available for 93 515 patients from eight trials. Findings Telmisartan was the study drug in 30 014 (85·7%) patients who received ARBs as part of the trials with new cancer data. Patients randomly assigned to receive ARBs had a significantly increased risk of new cancer occurrence compared with patients in control groups (7·2% vs 6·0%, risk ratio [RR] 1·08, 95% CI 1·01–1·15; p=0·016). When analysis was limited to trials where cancer was a prespecified endpoint, the RR was 1·11 (95% CI 1·04–1·18, p=0·001). Among specific solid organ cancers examined, only new lung-cancer occurrence was significantly higher in patients randomly assigned to receive ARBs than in those assigned to receive control (0·9% vs 0·7%, RR 1·25, 1·05–1·49; p=0·01). No statistically significant difference in cancer deaths was observed (1·8% vs 1·6%, RR 1·07, 0·97–1·18; p=0·183). Interpretation This meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials suggests that ARBs are associated with a modestly increased risk of new cancer diagnosis. Given the limited data, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the exact risk of cancer associated with each particular drug. These findings warrant further investigation. Funding None.
Lung tumor promotion by chromium-containing welding particulate matter in a mouse model

Epidemiology suggests that occupational exposure to welding particulate matter (PM) may increase lung cancer risk. However, animal studies are lacking to conclusively link welding with an increased risk. PM derived from stainless steel (SS) welding contains carcinogenic metals such as hexavalent chromium and nickel. We hypothesized that welding PM may act as a tumor promoter and increase lung tumor multiplicity in vivo. Therefore, the capacity of chromium-containing gas metal arc (GMA)-SS welding PM to promote lung tumors was evaluated using a two-stage (initiation-promotion) model in lung tumor susceptible A/J mice. Male mice (n = 28-30/group) were treated either with the initiator 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA;10 μg/g; IP) or vehicle (corn oil) followed by 5 weekly pharyngeal aspirations of GMA-SS (340 or 680 μg/exposure) or PBS. Lung tumors were enumerated at 30 weeks post-initiation. MCA initiation followed by GMA-SS welding PM exposure promoted tumor multiplicity in both the low (12.1 ± 1.5 tumors/mouse) and high (14.0 ± 1.8 tumors/mouse) exposure groups significantly above MCA/sham (4.77 ± 0.7 tumors/mouse; p = 0.0001). Multiplicity was also highly significant (p < 0.004) across all individual lung regions of GMA-SS-exposed mice. No exposure effects were found in the corn oil groups at 30 weeks. Histopathology confirmed the gross findings and revealed increased inflammation and a greater number of malignant lesions in the MCA/welding PM-exposed groups. GMA-SS welding PM acts as a lung tumor promoter in vivo. Thus, this study provides animal evidence to support the epidemiological data that show welders have an increased lung cancer risk.
Dry Cooling Towers

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a technical summary of the power-plant cooling problem, outlining generic possibilities, and the associated environmental impacts, in the categories of hydrosphere, atmosphere, noise, and aesthetics. General ideas of economic optimization are given, and the conventional alternatives are described. Limitations under current regulations and possible future restrictions are mentioned. The chapter studies the problem to minimize simultaneously tower size and heat-exchanger size. An analysis of the internal aerodynamics of dry towers, which leads to a criterion for minimum tower size, is presented. The chapter considers the heat exchanger and shows that small heat-exchanger size and small tower size are simultaneously achieved by use of a fine, shallow heat exchanger, in principle. The chapter presents particular types of heat exchangers as potentially practical examples and examines how the basic design features of the cooling tower depend on various given or assumed parameters. These relationships are organized in forms of a power-law correlation, which will be useful for future economic optimization studies. The results are related to data from real towers. The chapter concludes with a brief survey of questions requiring further study; among these are the interesting possibility of very low natural-draft towers and related problems of aerodynamic loss and weather modification, the relation between draft and noise production, possibilities for “cold storage” to level the effects of temperature change, and the possibilities for innovative heat transfer device.
A survey of first-year college student perceptions of privacy in social networking

This study evaluates the perceptions of first-year college students in a survey on facets of privacy of marketplace social networking sites. Findings from a survey of the students indicate less knowledge of personal information gathering and sharing techniques on the sites, notably in privacy and security statements, than of the popular sociality of the sites. These findings furnish impetus into the continued improvement of curricula in disciplines of information systems and non-information systems.
Mycobacterium abscessus infection of a cochlear implant insertion site

Abstract Infectious complications of cochlear implantation are unusual but can be severe, often requiring implant removal. We report a child who underwent cochlear implant revision and developed a post-operative infection with Mycobacterium abscessus complex . The patient's symptoms were refractory to empiric antibacterial therapy. After more than 2 weeks incubation, M. abscessus complex grew in culture. Resolution of the infection was achieved utilizing prolonged multi-drug therapy and device removal with the intra-cochlear leads remaining in place. Clinical signs of an infectious process with concomitant sterile bacterial cultures should raise concern for a potential mycobacterial infection in association with cochlear implantation.
Justice, Care, and Integrated Concerns in the Ethical Decision Making of Nurses

Past research on the ethical decision making of nurses has used Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning, which does not adequately ad-dress issues of caring. The present study builds on the work of Gilligan, Brown, and colleagues to describe issues of moral concern, including justice, care, and integrated concerns. Nurses in the present study articulated justice concerns for fairness, patients' rights, and autonomy. They also stated care concerns for a patient's needs, pain, emotional support, and relationship. Beyond these, nurses expressed concerns that integrated a principled approach (justice) to caring for patients (care) in dealing with issues of deceit and trust, advocacy, and patient dignity in dying. Whereas many earlier studies reported low moral reasoning scores for nurses, the present analysis shows nurses involved in complex and sophisticated ethical considerations and decisions. The analysis also reveals professional constraints on those ethical decisions.
Delusions Induced by Procaine Penicillin: Case Report and Review of the Syndrome:

A patient manifesting an acute psychosis after receiving an injection of procaine penicillin is reported. The psychosis began immediately after drug administration and gradually abated over a forty-eight-hour period. The clinical presentation was dominated by paranoid delusions and a Capgras-like syndrome. Sixty-six previously reported cases were identified and reviewed. Patients manifested combinations of fear, auditory hallucinations, somatic hallucinations, visual hallucinations, and paranoid or religious delusions. The syndrome may occur with inadvertent intravenous injection of procaine and most likely reflects the action of procaine on limbic system structures. Language: en
Developments in expression cloning

Recent years have seen a dramatic expansion in the range of applications of expression cloning techniques. New vectors and detection methods promise to further broaden the applicability of function-based screening approaches to problems in gene discovery. A major theme in the past year has been the introduction of engineered reporter cells that heighten the sensitivity with which clones expressing cDNAs can be identified.
Ethylene glycol ingestion resulting in brainstem and midbrain dysfunction.

Introduction: Ethylene glycol toxicity has produced central nervous system abnormalities including coma, cerebral edema, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Case Report: A 26-year-old male developed widespread brainstem and midbrain dysfunction with corresponding cranial computed tomography findings after ingesting ethylene glycol. The computed tomography scan which was obtained 3 days after ethylene glycol ingestion showed low density areas in the basal ganglia, thalami, midbrain, and upper pons. The neurologic findings in our patient reflected dysfunction of all the areas of hypodensity on the cranial computed tomography scan. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain obtained 24 days after ingestion revealed bilateral putamen necrosis. The patient's neurologic sequelae resolved over the following 4 months.
Plastic Surgical Considerations in Musculoskeletal Oncology

The treatment of musculoskeletal sarcoma (MSS) has evolved over the past 30 years from a primarily surgical, limb-sacrificing protocol to a multimodal limb-sparing approach including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The need for plastic surgical techniques to reconstruct limb-sparing defects and promote healing of radiated tissues developed in lockstep with this modern system of treatment. Because MSS can arise in almost any anatomical region of the body, restorative procedures draw from the vast armamentarium of plastic surgical techniques. This chapter reviews the thought processes involved in selecting, evaluating, preparing, and reconstructing patients with composite tissue defects due to MSS eradication. Focus is directed toward thorough communication with the multidisciplinary MSS team, engineering successful surgery via preoperative preparation, and selecting a reconstructive plan tailored to the patient and the defect.
Refrigerated Liquid Hydrogen Targets at the Zero Gradient Synchrotron

Commercially available helium gas refrigerators with capacities of 5 and 10 W at 20° K are being used at the Argonne National Laboratory's (A N L) Zero Gradient Synchrotron (Z G S) to condense hydrogen gas for liquid hydrogen targets. Excellent reliability of operation has been obtained. A standard, universal system has been designed and duplicate systems have been constructed to meet the increasing demand for additional targets. Increased safety has been achieved by reducing the amount of hydrogen at the experiment site. Decreased cost of operation has also been realized. The system design discussed in this paper has been used on small (2 liters maximum) liquid hydrogen targets only. A system design using a remotely located cryogenic helium gas generating refrigerator has been proposed. Such a system would have larger capacity and should be applicable to almost any size liquid hydrogen target.
Differential effect of MLC kinase in TNF-α-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and barrier dysfunction

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is released in acute inflammatory lung syndromes linked to the extensive vascular dysfunction associated with increased permeability and endothelial cell apoptosis. TN...
P 0 1 -classes and Rado' selection principle

There are several areas in recursive algebra and combinatorics in which bounded or recursively bounded -classes have arisen. For our purposes we may define a -class to be a set Path(T) of all infinite paths through a recursive tree T. Here a recursive tree T is just a recursive subset of ω<ω, the set of all finite sequences of the natural numbers ω = {0,1,2,…}, which is closed under initial segments. If the tree T is finitely branching, then we say the -class Path(T) is bounded. If T is highly recursive, i.e., if there exists a partial recursive function f: T→ω such that for each node ηЄ T, f(η) equals the number of immediate successors of η, then we say that the -class Path(T) is recursively bounded (r.b.). For example, Manaster and Rosenstein in [6] studied the effective version of the marriage problem and showed that the set of proper marriages for a recursive society S was always a bounded -class and the set of proper marriages for a highly recursive society was always an r.b. -class. Indeed, Manaster and Rosenstein showed that, in the case of the symmetric marriage problem, any r.b. -class could be represented as the set of symmetric marriages of a highly recursive society S in the sense that given any r.b. Π1-class C there is a society Sc such that there is a natural, effective, degree-preserving 1:1 correspondence between the elements of C and the symmetric marriages of Sc. Jockusch conjectured that the set of marriages of a recursive society can represent any bounded -class and the set of marriages of a highly recursive society can represent any r.b. -class. These conjectures remain open. However, Metakides and Nerode [7] showed that any r.b. -class could be represented by the set of total orderings of a recursive real field and vice versa that the set of total orderings of a recursive real field is always an r.b. -class.
An optimal control model for analyzing human postural balance

The question posed in this study is whether optimal control and state estimation can explain selection of control strategies used by humans, in response to small perturbations to stable upright balance. To answer this question, a human sensorimotor control model, compatible with previous work by others, was assembled. This model incorporates linearized equations and full-state feedback with provision for state estimation. A form of gain-scheduling is employed to account for nonlinearities caused by control and biomechanical constraints. By decoupling the mechanics and transforming the controls into the space of experimentally observed strategies, the model is made amenable to the study of a number of possible control objectives. The objectives studied include cost functions on the state deviations, so as to control the center of mass, provide a stable platform for the head, or maintain upright stance, along with a cost function on control effort. Also studied was the effect of time delay on the stability of controls produced using various control strategies. An objective function weighting excursion of the center of mass and deviations from the upright stable position, while taking advantage of fast modes of the system, as dictated by inertial parameters and musculoskeletal geometry, produces a control that reasonably matches experimental data. Given estimates of sensor performance, the model is also suited for prediction of uncertainty in the response. >
"Striving for normalcy" was the core process in the symptom experience related to the threat of rejection after a lung transplant.

DeVito Dabbs AD, Hoffman LA, Swigart V, et al . Striving for normalcy: symptoms and the threat of rejection after lung transplantation. Soc Sci Med 2004;59:1473–84. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q In lung transplant recipients, what is the psychosocial process of the symptom experience associated with the threat of organ rejection? Grounded theory. University based pulmonary transplant centre. 14 lung transplant recipients who were 28–69 years of age (mean age 54 y, 50% men, 93% white). Mean time since transplantation was 2.3 years (range 27 d to 9 y). 6 participants had >3 rejection episodes, 7 had 1–2 episodes, and 1 had no episode. Participants were recruited using purposive and theoretical sampling methods to ensure variability in age, sex, underlying lung disease, previous rejection, and time since transplantation. Audiotaped, face to face interviews lasting 45–60 minutes and using open ended questions were done. Data collection, analysis, comparison, verification, and theoretical explanation were done concurrently. Interview questions were modified to compare and verify emergent concepts. 2–4 weeks after the initial interview, participants were contacted by telephone to verify findings. A substantive theory on the symptom experience associated with the threat of rejection was constructed. Use of various data sources and participant input about convergent and divergent experiences ensured the trustworthiness of findings. … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DSocial%2Bscience%2B%2526%2Bmedicine%26rft.stitle%253DSoc%2BSci%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DDabbs%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%2Bd.%2Be.%2B%2B.%2BV.%26rft.volume%253D59%26rft.issue%253D7%26rft.spage%253D1473%26rft.epage%253D1484%26rft.atitle%253DStriving%2Bfor%2Bnormalcy%253A%2Bsymptoms%2Band%2Bthe%2Bthreat%2Bof%2Brejection%2Bafter%2Blung%2Btransplantation.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.socscimed.2004.01.013%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15246175%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.013&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15246175&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F8%2F3%2F95.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000223053800011&link_type=ISI
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INNOCENCE AT PECOS IN 1917-1918

When Alfred Vincent Kidder and Carl Eugen Guthe planned to ship human skeletons from the prehistoric ruins of Pecos, New Mexico, to the Peabody Museum of Harvard University during World War I, they were suspected of espionage.
The Autonomy of Science in Totalitarian Societies: The Case of Nazi Germany

The thesis that there is a special affinity between democratic social structure and the ethos and practice of science has been maintained by numerous philosophers and scientists. Yet it is also evident that many scientists have made important contributions in an environment that can hardly be called democratic, e.g., Kepler or Galileo. Hence the question has been raised whether the norms considered essential or conducive for scientific productivity may not be found in other types of societies, and whether the values and practices associated with non-democratic social structures may be equally or more instrumental in the flowering of science.1
Vasopressin effects on urea and H2O transport in inner medullary collecting duct subsegments

The inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) is widely viewed as a single renal tubule segment with homogeneous properties. However, recent morphological and functional studies have raised the possibility that the initial and terminal parts of the IMCD may differ. To test this possibility further and to localize sites of action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) along the IMCD, we measured osmotic water permeability (Pf) and urea permeability (Purea) in isolated perfused rat IMCDs. In the initial third of the IMCD, 10 nM AVP increased Pf from 16 +/- 8 to 148 +/- 50 micron/s. The terminal two-thirds of the IMCD had a significantly higher basal Pf (70 +/- 12 micron/s), which increased to 186 +/- 25 micron/s with AVP. The initial IMCD had a relatively low basal Purea (3 +/- 1 X 10(-5) cm/s), which did not change with AVP. The terminal IMCD had a significantly higher basal Purea (17 +/- 4 X 10(-5) cm/s), which increased to a very high value (69 +/- 15 X 10(-5) cm/s) with AVP. The results support the premise that (from the point of view of vasopressin effects on water and urea transport) there are two functionally distinct parts of the inner medullary collecting duct: an initial part that resembles the cortical or outer medullary portions of the mammalian collecting duct and a terminal part that resembles the toad urinary bladder. The significance of these findings for the urinary concentrating mechanism is discussed.
Federalism's Battle with History: The Inaccurate Associations with Unpopular Politics

As noted by scholars and observers alike, the Rehnquist Court waged a federalism revolution through its decisions strengthening state autonomy and authority. After almost sixty years of dormancy, federalism made a constitutional comeback in the 1990s. The notion of federalism is hardly a radical one. It is a foundation of the American system of government. Yet despite America's historical experience with federalism, the Court's constitutional revival of federalism sparked an immediate and intense hostility, as if the Court was somehow contradicting or undermining cherished constitutional traditions. Moreover, this hostility occurred amidst a growing cultural frustration with big, centralized government, a frustration that became so strong that President Clinton in 1996 acknowledged that the era of big Government is over. Another paradox surrounding the criticism of the modern Court's "New Federalism" is that the same political forces that are condemning the constitutional revival of federalism are simultaneously, in separate venues and pertaining to separate issues, enthusiastically embracing the principles of federalism. In 2004, for instance, many political liberals argued that the issue of same-sex marriage should be handled along federalism lines, with each state able to define its own rules, free of any federal dictates such as those contained in the Federal Marriage Amendment supported by a Republican Congress. Federalism is so embedded in the American system that it can hardly be denied or ignored. Nonetheless, federalism continues to inspire a virulent opposition among adherents of certain political or ideological orientations. The reasons for this opposition are explored in this Article.
Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on (111) and (110) Single-Crystal Nickel-Aluminum Alloy Surfaces

Carbon monoxide chemisorption on the (111) and (110) surfaces of a single-crystal NiAI alloy has been studied using several surface sensitive techniques, including work function change measurements, ultra-violet photoelectron, thermal desorption and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Results from these experiments indicate that the reactivity of these NiAI surfaces toward CO is distinctly different and that although the CO/NiAI (111) surface behaves more like CO adsorbed on pure nickel surfaces, the CO/NiAI (110) surface is neither like CO adsorbed on pure nickel nor aluminum surfaces. The local CO bonding sites, as probed with photoemission and electron energy loss spectroscopy, are similar on both NiAI surfaces.
Abstract 3474: GDF15 as a serum marker of cisplatin response in ovarian cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Ovarian cancer treatment consists of surgery followed by a chemotherapy combination entailing a platinum agent (cisplatin/carboplatin) and a taxane (paclitaxel). While 70-80% of patients initially respond to the standard treatment, the majority will relapse, and of these patients, 70-90% die because of drug resistance. Therefore, identifying markers that can predict therapeutic response and/or therapeutic targets is of great interest. To identify genes involved in chemoresistance, a microarray study of an ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) treated with varying doses of cisplatin and at varying time points was conducted. This study showed GDF15 had the highest fold-induction by cisplatin treatment. GDF15 induction by cisplatin was further validated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in the A2780 and 12 other cell lines with varying sensitivity/resistance to cisplatin. To further test whether GDF15 plays a role in cisplatin resistance, we knocked down its expression by esiRNA. GDF15 knockdown revealed an increase in the cisplatin IC50, suggesting that GDF15 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. To determine whether GDF15 was also induced in vivo we injected mice intraperitoneally with either A2780 (cisplatin sensitive) or RMG1 (cisplatin resistant) cells. Once the tumors developed, the mice were treated with either 2.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg cisplatin and both the tumors and sera collected 24 and 48 hours after treatment. ELISA results on the serum showed an increase in GDF15 in mice after cisplatin treatment. Although there was no correlation between the two cisplatin doses used and GDF15 there was a correlation between GDF15 and tumor weight. Thus, our results suggest that GDF15 is induced by cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo and has a potential role as a serum biomarker to predict chemotherapeutic response. Citation Format: Daisy I. Izaguirre, Suet Yan Kwan, Zhifei Zu, Yvonne T. Tsang-Lee, Kwong-Kwok Wong. GDF15 as a serum marker of cisplatin response in ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3474. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3474
Exploration on Implementation Method of Condition-based Maintenance System

Condition assessment is the critical link and basis in condition-based maintenance(CBM) system,which involves a large amount of the calculation of quantity of state and basic data acquisition.CBM system provides the functions such as data acquisition,condition assessment,assistant decision making etc.The level of implementation directly affects its efficiency and result.This paper presents the problems and solutions during the implementation process and can serve as a reference for similar work.