cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear acoustics and honeycomb materials

The scope of research activity that Bruce Thompson embraced was very large. In this talk three different research topics that the author shared with Bruce are reviewed. They represent Bruce's introduction to NDE and include nonlinear acoustics, nondestructive measurements of adhesive bond strengths in honeycomb panels, and studies of flexural wave dispersion in honeycomb materials. In the first of these, four harmonics of a 30 Mhz finite amplitude wave were measured for both fused silica and aluminum single crystals with varying lengths and amounts of cold work using a capacity microphone with heterodyne receiver with a flat frequency response from 30 to 250 Mhz. The results for fused silica with no dislocation structure could be described by a model due to Fubini, originally developed for gases, that depends upon only the second and third order elastic constants and not the fourth and higher order constants. The same was not true for the aluminum with dislocation structures. These results raised some questions about models for harmonic generation in materials with dislocations. In the second topic, experiments were made to determine the adhesive bond strengths of honeycomb panels using the vibrational response of the panels (Chladni figures). The results showed that both the damping characteristics of panel vibrations as a whole and velocity of propagation of elastic waves that travel along the surface and sample the bondline can be correlated with destructively determined bond strengths. Finally, the phase velocity of flexural waves traveling along a 1-inch honeycomb sandwich panel was determined from 170 Hz to 50 Khz, ranging from 2.2×104 cm/sec at the low end to 1.18×105 cm/sec at 40 Khz. The dispersion arises from the finite thickness of the panel and agreed with the results of continuum models for the honeycomb. Above 40 Khz, this was not the case. The paper concludes with a tribute to Bruce for his many wonderful contributions and lessons beyond his technical legacy for all of us.
Geochemistry of xenolithic eclogites from West Africa, part 2: origins of the high MgO eclogites

Abstract Oxygen isotope, mineral trace element, and measured and reconstructed whole-rock compositions are reported for the high MgO eclogite xenolith suite (16 to 20 wt% MgO in the whole rock) from the Koidu Kimberlite complex, Sierra Leone. In contrast to the previously published data for low MgO eclogites (6 to 13 wt% MgO) from this area, high MgO eclogites equilibrated at higher temperatures (1080 to 1130°C vs. 890 to 930°C) have only mantlelike δ18O and show variable degrees of light rare earth element (REE) enrichment. Analyses of multiple mineral generations suggest that the heterogeneous REE patterns of the high MgO eclogites reflect variable degrees of metasomatic overprinting. High MgO and Al2O3 contents of the eclogites suggest a cumulate origin, either as high-pressure (2 to 3 GPa) garnet–pyroxene cumulates or low-pressure ( 4 GPa).
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF SOME PSYCHOMETRIC MEASURES OF IMPULSIVENESS AND ANXIETY.

Two orthogonal personality traits or predispositions, impulsiveness and anxiety, have been invariant in five separate factor analyses. One of these analyses is presented here along with an item ana...
Group predictions of item differences of CVC trigrams

Two groups of Ss ranked 20 CVC trigrams, which represented the full range of meaningfulness values according to established norms, for either pronunciability or ease of learning, and then recalled the trigrams incidentally. Two additional groups learned the trigrams by free learning and then ranked the trigrams for either pronunciability or ease of learning. Correlations between mean ranks, group learning measures, and meaningfulness were fairly high (median r =.75), in keeping with recently reported findings.
The full versus the virtual counterpoise correction for basis set superposition error in self-consistent field calculations

Abstract In He-He, He-H2, and H2-H2 we have calculated the contribution to the interaction potential from polarization and charge transfer using the SCF supermolecule approach with two versions of the counterpoise correction. We used the original Boys and Bernardi prescription and we used only virtual SCF orbitais from the partner of each subsystem as suggested by Daudey, Malrieu and Rojas. We give results for various geometries using various bases. From our results we conclude that the original version definitely can overcorrect for the basis set superposition error in some cases and possibly always does. According to our criterion, the modified counterpoise correction does not overcorrect in the cases tested, and it appears, therefore, to provide a more reasonable procedure.
Galena Creek rock glacier revisited—new observations on an old controversy

Galena Creek rock glacier (GCRG), northwest Wyoming, exhibits most of the classic characteristics of rock glaciers. Clean ice with silty bands was found beneath a c. 1 m thick debris mantle by Potter. He inferred that the ice is glacigenic, originating in the small snowfield in the cirque at the head of GCRG. This view was challenged by Barsch, who asserted that the ice in GCRG is of “permafrost” origin. Since then GCRG has become a lightning rod for opponents and proponents of the glacigenic ice model for rock glaciers. We review evidence for that model here. Movement marks emplaced on GCRG in the 1960s were resurveyed in 1995 for a 30+ year record of movement. Maximum surface velocity is 45 cm/yr on gentle slopes and 80 cm/yr in a steep reach where GCRG spills out of the cirque. The less active, down-valley third of GCRG is moving at a maximum 14 cm/yr, and lobes formed between the more and less active parts have complex movement and are advancing down-valley over adjacent lobes at a maximum of 6.5 cm/yr. New refraction seismic profiles on GCRG were used to determine the thickness of the debris mantle over ice. On the up-valley, active part of GCRG, the debris mantle is a relatively uniform c. 1 m thick. On the down-valley, less active part, the thickness of the debris mantle is much more variable, but it is generally thicker. We cannot tell, on the basis of seismic data alone, whether the frozen material beneath the debris mantle is ice or a debris—ice mixture, but the results are not inconsistent with the glacigenic model for the origin of the ice. Two long-profiles in the cirque may identify bedrock at about 20–25 m depth.
Brain deviations in adult obese-hyperglycemic mice (ob/ob)

In the brain of adult obese-hyperglycemic mice (ob/ob) deviations, such as reduced brain weight, diminished myelination, and reduced amount of DNA were found. These findings cannot be explained by hypothyroidism in adults since above mentioned deviations could only have been caused by a reduced thyroidal activity in the first weeks of postnatal life. Therefore, our data are in support of the earlier hypothesis of congenital hypothyroidism.
Comparison of pulsed CO2 laser ablation at 10.6 μm and 9.5 μm

Author(s): Payne, BP; Nishioka, NS; Mikic, BB; Venugopalan, V | Abstract: Background and objectiveThe pulsed CO2 laser has received attention because of its successful application to dermatologic surgery and burn debridement surgery. Despite impressive results, tissue removal using pulsed CO2 laser irradiation has not been optimized. We examined the ablation processes by performing mass removal and thermal injury experiments at wavelengths where tissue water is the primary absorber (10.6 microm), and where water and collagen have comparable absorption (9.5 microm).Study design/materials and methodsSamples of porcine reticular dermis were irradiated with 180-ns laser pulses at either wavelength. Tissue removal was measured using a digital balance. Thermal injury was assessed using a microscope with a calibrated reticle after hematoxylin and eosin staining.ResultsTissue removal using 10.6-microm radiation resulted in a heat of ablation of 3,740 J/g, an ablation threshold of 1.15 J/cm2, and a zone of thermal injury of 53 microm. By contrast, tissue removal using 9.5-microm radiation resulted in a heat of ablation of 3,330 J/g, an ablation threshold of 1.47 J/cm2, and a zone of thermal injury of 34 microm. The differences in ablation threshold and thermal injury were statistically significant.ConclusionPulsed CO2 laser irradiation at 9.5 microm removes tissue more efficiently and with a smaller zone of thermal injury than at 10.6 microm.
Phonetic naturalness and unnaturalness in Japanese loanword phonology

This paper argues that phonetic naturalness and unnaturalness can interact within a single grammatical system. In Japanese loanword phonology, only voiced geminates, but not voiced singletons, devoice to dissimilate from another voiced obstruent. The neutralizability difference follows from a ranking which Japanese speakers created on perceptual grounds: Ident(voi)Sing » Ident(voi)Gem. On the other hand, the trigger of devoicing—OCP(voi)—has no phonetic underpinning because voicing does not have phonetic characteristics that would naturally lead to confusion-based dissimilation (Ohala, Proceedings of Chicago Linguistic Society: Papers from the parasession on language and behaviour, 1981, in: Jones (ed.) Historical linguistics: Problems and perspectives, 1993). OCP(voi) in Modern Japanese originated as a phonetically natural OCP(prenasal) in Old Japanese because the spread out heavy nasalization would lead to perceptual confusion, but it divorced from its phonetic origin when prenasalization became voicing. The interaction of the three constraints in Modern Japanese suggests that phonetic naturalness (the ranking Ident(voi)Sing » Ident(voi)Gem) and unnaturalness (OCP(voi)) co-reside within a single module.
Dependence of the water vapor diffusion coefficient of aspen ( Populus spec. ) on moisture content

The dependence of the diffusion coefficient of water in aspen (Populus sp.) on moisture content over the range of 0 to 18 percent moisture content at 43 °C was determined. The method requires a series of adsorption experiments and application of a numerical method for solving the diffusion equation with a moisture-content-dependent diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient was found to increase exponentially with moisture content. The numerical method includes variable boundary conditions, as defined by the surface emission coefficient, so that the effect of surface equilibrium moisture content can be examined. The experimental moisture content-time curves can be predicted by the numerical method and showed an average deviation of 0.2 percent moisture content with the largest deviation being 0.7 percent moisture content. Practical implications and uses of the information derived from the numerical method are also discussed.
Truth and reflection

Many topics have not been covered, in most cases because I don't know quite what to say about them. Would it be possible to add a decidability predicate to the language? What about stronger connectives, like exclusion negation or Lukasiewicz implication? Would an expanded language do better at expressing its own semantics? Would it contain new and more terrible paradoxes? Can the account be supplemented with a workable notion of inherent truth (see note 36)? In what sense does stage semantics lie “between” fixed point and stability semantics? In what sense, exactly, are our semantical rules inconsistent? In what sense, if any, does their inconsistency resolve the problem of the paradoxes? The ideals of strength, grounding, and closure together define an intuitively appealing conception of truth. Nothing would be gained by insisting that it was the intuitive conception of truth, and in fact recent developments make me wonder whether such a thing exists. However that may be, until the alternatives are better understood it would be foolish to attempt to decide between them. Truth gives up her secrets slowly and grudgingly, and loves to confound our presumptions.
Childhood Tuberculosis in the Developing World

Tuberculosis remains an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many areas of the developing world. Published data on the epidemiology of TB in children are scarce, and research efforts focused on TB in children are too few. The diagnosis of TB in children is difficult, and too many children are not completing their prescribed courses of treatment. Controlling TB in all populations requires that attention be devoted to the issues of accurate surveillance and adequate diagnosis and treatment of TB in children.
Synthesis, characterization, and structures of indium In(DTPA-BA2) and yttrium Y(DTPA-BA2)(CH3OH) complexes (BA = Benzylamine): models for 111In- and 90Y-labeled DTPA-biomolecule conjugates.

To explore structural differences in In3+, Y3+, and Lu3+ chelates, we prepared M(DTPA-BA2) complexes (M = In, Y, and Lu; DTPA-BA2 = N,N‘ ‘-bis(benzylcarbamoylmethyl)diethylenetriamine-N,N‘,N‘ ‘-tri...
Bacterial Crown Rot of Lisianthus Caused by Burkholderia gladioli

This is the first report of a bacterial pathogen of lisianthus. The bacterium can be seed-borne and causes a rot of the tap root, crown, and stem, leading to death of plants ranging in age from sma...
A Comparison of GEANT4 and DETECT2000 for the simulation of light transport in scintillation detectors

Monte Carlo simulation techniques are powerful tools for investigating the performance of imaging detectors. DETECT2000, a Monte-Carlo package for light transport simulation, has been commonly used to model the optical properties of scintillation detectors and is able to realistically estimate the response of photodetectors. However, DETECT2000 generally runs slowly when complex detector geometries are specified and the lack of visualization tools makes it difficult to accurately define complex geometries. GEANT4 is a simulation toolkit that can also realistically model optical photon transport for scintillation detectors. This paper describes a case study in which GEANT4 was found to be significantly faster both in computing time and, aided by visualization tools, in the user time required to develop the geometry of a scintillation detector. In addition, because the detector geometry can be easily parameterized using GEANT4, it was possible to perform automated searches of large amounts of the solution space for an optimal design. In this work, we compared the results from simulations of a custom-designed scintillation detector obtained using both packages. Both yielded similar flood images and were able to resolve the same number of pixel elements from a segmented light guide with slight differences in the peak-to-valley ratios. A simulation-speed comparison on a common computer using a simplified geometry showed that GEANT4 is about 40% faster than DETECT2000. In this paper we compare simulation results for the initial design with experimental data and describe subsequent simulations that were used to arrive at the optimal design.
The value of "another" opinion for spinal surgery: A prospective 14-month study of one surgeon's experience.

Background Neck or back problems are experienced at some time by many Americans and many patients receive recommendations for spinal surgery. Patients naturally seek another opinion to confirm the need for surgery, or for the particular procedure recommended. Methods Over approximately a 14-month period, the author prospectively collected data regarding 240 consecutive patients seeking a surgical opinion regarding a spine problem. Imaging studies were reviewed and patients were asked to comment on the consultation experience. Results Of the 240 patients, 155 (65%) came for a second, third, or fourth surgical opinion following an earlier opinion from a surgeon who recommended an operation. Of these patients, the author recommended no surgery for 69 (44.5%) patients. The remaining 85 (35%) were referred by primary care doctors or neurologists for initial surgical (first) opinions because of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) reports indicating the presence of surgical lesions. The author recommended no surgery for 37 (43%) of these 85 patients. Conclusions Patients request and deserve the attention of a physician who will listen to their history and perform a careful neurological examination. The results of the neurological examination and the imaging studies must then be carefully integrated and correlated with the patient's complaints. The results should be explained to the patient so that he or she will understand the surgical or non surgical nature of his or her problem.
Simulation of 3D Multistage Axial Compressor Using a Fully Conservative Sliding Boundary Condition

Multistage 3D steady and unsteady viscous computations are conducted for a transonic axial compressor with an IGV, rotor and stator blade row. A fully conservative sliding technique is developed with high order shock capturing schemes to better capture the interaction between stationary and rotating blade row. A 1/7th annulus is used for the unsteady simulation with a phase lag BC. For comparison purpose, a steady simulation of the same multistage compressor with single blade passage is performed using the mixing plane approach. It is shown that the sliding BC captures wake propagation very well in the interaction between blade rows. The unsteady multistage simulation using sliding BC and phase lag BC predicts almost identical loading distribution to the steady state simulation at the mid-span, but have significant loading distribution difference at tip section.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Tectonic effects of a subducting aseismic ridge: the subduction of the Nazca Ridge at the Peru trench

A 1987 survey of the offshore Peru forearc using the SeaMARC II seafloor mapping system reveals that subduction of the Nazca Ridge has resulted in uplift of the lowermost forearc by as much as 1500 m. This uplift is seen in the varied depths of two forearc terraces opposite the subducting ridge. Uplift of the forearc has caused fracturing, minor surficial slumping, and increased erosion through small canyons and gullies. Oblique trending linear features on the forearc may be faults with a strike-slip component of motion caused by the oblique subduction of the Nazca Ridge. The trench in the zone of ridge subduction is nearly linear, with no re-entrant in the forearc due to subduction of the Nazca Ridge. Compressional deformation of the forearc due to subduction of the ridge is relatively minor, suggesting that the gently sloping Nazca Ridge is able to slide beneath the forearc without significantly deforming it. The structure of the forearc is similar to that revealed by other SeaMARC II surveys to the north, consisting of: 1) a narrow zone (10 to 15 km across) of accreted material making up the lower forearc; 2) a chaotic middle forearc; 3) outcropping consolidated material and draping sediment on the upper forearc; and 4) the smooth, sedimented forearc shelf.
Particles and Compounds in German: Evidence for the Compounding Parameter

This brief article discusses further evidence for the Compounding Parameter (TCP; Snyder 1995, 2001, 2007, 2011, 2012), which is a proposed point of cross-linguistic variation with considerable support from acquisitional studies of English. This brief article provides new support from children’s acquisition of German. Two points of German grammar that should both depend on the positive setting of TCP, namely separable-particle constructions and novel endocentric compounding, are shown to be acquired together by each of 10 German-learning children. These data are drawn from 10 longitudinal corpora of children’s spontaneous speech from the German section of CHILDES (MacWhinney 2000). The observed correlation remains strongly significant even when contributions of general development (e.g., language-processing abilities, conceptual development) are removed by means of a partial correlation procedure. Control measures reinforce the idea that these data reflect shared dependence of two surface forms on a singl...
Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) in Quarter Horses: A review of clinical signs, genetics and research

Summary Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) results from a genetic mutation which affects the skin and other tissues of Quarter Horses and horses with Quarter Horse lineage. The disease HERDA has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and has become a significant concern in the Quarter Horse industry due to the high frequency of heterozygote carriers. Affected homozygous horses appear normal at birth; however, within the first 2 years of life they usually acquire loose, hyperextensible skin and wounds which result in disfiguring scars either spontaneously or from minor trauma. Some severely affected horses also develop haematomas and seromas. Consequently, most affected horses are subjected to euthanasia at an early age. No treatment options other than palliative therapy currently exist. As part of a five panel test (http://www.aqha.com/News/News-Articles/2013/April/04292013-Genetic-Testing.aspx) the American Quarter Horse Association presently requires DNA testing for HERDA on all breeding stallions. There are currently no restrictions on registration of horses heterozygous or homozygous for the HERDA mutation. Due to the autosomal recessive nature of the disease, Quarter Horse mares and horses of all breeds from HERDA-associated bloodlines should also be tested.
Using mutants to probe the in vivo function of plastid envelope membrane metabolite transporters

During the last 15 years, much progress has been made in discovering genes encoding solute transporters of the inner plastid envelope membrane. For example, genes encoding transporters for phosphorylated intermediates, dicarboxylates, adenine nucleotides, inorganic anions, and monosaccharides have been cloned. In many cases, the corresponding proteins have been expressed in recombinant host systems for further functional studies, thus allowing detailed in vitro characterization of transporter properties. Knowledge of the gene sequences encoding these transporters have allowed reverse-genetic approaches to study transporter function in vivo. Antisense repression and T-DNA insertion mutagenesis have provided a range of transgenic and mutant plants in which the activity of specific plastid envelope transporters are massively decreased or abolished. Plants with altered transporter activities represent excellent tools to probe the in vivo function of these transporters. Moreover, changing the permeability of the plastid envelope membrane permits the targeted manipulation of subcellular metabolite pools.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Transitions

I am pleased to provide an update on the policies and programs of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). This is an exciting time of many transitions for the federal government as a whole and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in particular. As these changes take form, I want to assure you of our unwavering commitment to support our community of heart, lung, and blood investigators and to the goals articulated in the NHLBI Strategic Plan. My goal in the present article is to discuss the NHLBI budget for the 2009 fiscal year (FY) (October 1, 2008, to September 30, 2009, FY 2009) and to describe new policies that we are implementing for early stage investigators and for revised grant applications. The NIH is operating under a continuing resolution (CR),1 which means that Congress has not provided the NIH with an appropriation for FY 2009. This requires us to operate at the same level of funding as we had in FY 2008. Because we are obligated to provide FY 2009 cost of living increases, the actual purchasing power of the FY 2008 appropriation is reduced in FY 2009. The CR authorizes us to fund noncompeting research grants at 90% of the previously committed levels until a FY 2009 appropriation is made. The CR expires March 6, 2009, but we must be prepared for the possibility that the CR amount will become the FY 2009 appropriation. Accordingly, the NHLBI is currently operating with a CR budget of $2.922 billion. Similar to FY 2008, noncompeting awards will be provided a 1% inflation rate. Detailed information can be found in the NHLBI FY 2009 Funding and Operating Guidelines.2 We …
Neurocognitive Function in Newly Diagnosed Low-grade Glioma Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection With Awake Mapping Techniques

Background Low-grade glioma (LGG) patients have increased life expectancy, so interest is high in the treatments that maximize cognition and quality of life. Objective To examine presurgical baseline cognitive deficits in a case series of LGG patients and determine cognitive effects of surgical resection with awake mapping. Methods We retrospectively assessed neurological deficits, subjective concerns from patient or caregiver, and cognitive deficits at baseline and postsurgery for 22 patients with newly diagnosed LGG who underwent baseline neuropsychological evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging before awake surgical resection with mapping. Twelve of the 22 patients returned for postoperative evaluation approximately 7 months after surgery. Results At baseline, 92% of patients/caregivers reported changes in cognition or mood. Neurological examinations and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale scores were largely normal; however, on many tests of memory and language, nearly half of individuals showed deficits. After surgery, 45% had no deficits on neurological examination, whereas 55% had only transient or mild difficulties. Follow-up neuropsychological testing found most performances stable to improved, particularly in language, although some patients showed declines on memory tasks. Conclusion Most LGG patients in this series presented with normal neurological examinations and cognitive screening, but showed subjective cognitive and mood concerns and cognitive decline on neuropsychological testing, suggesting the importance of comprehensive evaluation. After awake mapping, language tended to be preserved, but memory demonstrated decline in some patients. These results highlight the importance of establishing a cognitive baseline before surgical resection and further suggest that awake mapping techniques provide reasonable language outcomes in individuals with LGG in eloquent regions.
Characteristics of instructors at Farm Safety 4 Just Kids day camps

Objective This paper describes the characteristics of instructors at six farm safety day camps sponsored through local chapters of Farm Safety 4 Just Kids. What are their backgrounds and experience? What motivates them to participate as farm safety instructors? How do they prepare and present their instruction?Design Data from 69 instructors were gathered as part of a larger evaluation of farm safety day camps conducted during the summer and fall of 2002.Setting Farm safety day camps occur throughout North America. The camps selected for this study were conducted in five states within the United States. The overwhelming majority of instructors were community volunteers without formal instructional training.Method A two-page survey was completed by the instructors on the day of the camp, and selected camp instructional sessions were videotaped and analysed by instructional design experts.Results Case examples of instructor characteristics and instructional styles are presented in order to promote a better ...
A new temperature compensation technique for bandgap voltage references

A new technique for high-order temperature compensation of bandgap voltage references is introduced and described. This method relies on the use of a "/spl Delta/V/sub BE/ ladder" topology that allows the temperature coefficient of a bandgap reference to be adjusted to less than 5 ppm//spl deg/C without the need for complex circuitry. The technique has been verified experimentally and via PSpice simulation, and an improved version of the circuit is being implemented in a 2.0 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process.
Studies of beam properties and main injector loss control using collimators in teh Fermilab booster to main injector transfer line

High intensity operation of the Fermilab Main Injector has resulted in increased activation of machine components. Efforts to permit operation at high power include creation of collimation systems to localize losses away from locations which require maintenance. As a first step, a collimation system to remove halo from the incoming beam was installed in the Spring 2006 Facility Shutdown [1]. We report on commissioning studies and operational experience including observations of Booster beam properties, effects on Main Injector loss and activation, and operational results.
Use Of Clinical Visitations As A Medium To Develop Critical Thinking Skills In Health Science Students

The results of this study suggests that students have positive perceptions regarding Class Supported Clinical Visitation (CSCV) as a learning technique that may promote active learning and critical thinking . While the data obtained from this limited educational experience cannot be generalized, it does offer some insight into the usefulness of the CSCV learning technique. Based upon these findings further work can begin to explore student’s perceptions of its usefulness in a larger diverse health science student population. Second, future work must assess if CSCV is truly effective in developing a student’s ability to think critically. Finally, one must ask is CSCV more effective than other active learning strategies currently used to promote critical thinking.
Incorporation of isotopically labeled cocaine into human hair: race as a factor.

In order to evaluate race as a possible factor affecting the incorporation of drugs into human hair, 2 mg/kg deuteriumlabeled cocaine (cocaine-d~) was administered intranasally to nine male non-Caucasian volunteers under controlled laboratory conditions. Sequential blood samples were collected for up to three days, and scalp hair samples were collected at 24 and 72 h after dosing and at monthly intervals for up to 12 months. The samples were Ihen analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spedrometry for cocaine-ds and benzoylecgonine-ds (BZE-ds). The amounts of cocaine-ds found in the hair of these non-Caucasian subjects were compared with the amounts of cocaine-ds found in the hair of Caucasian subjects who received the same cocaine dose under identical conditions as part of a study we reported previously. The non-Caucasians in the present study had approximately 2.7 times nmre cocaine-ds in their hair than the Caucasian subjects in the earlier study. In five of the non-Caucasian subjects, cocaine-ds could be detected in hair within 24 h after dosing. Curiously, we were unable to detect any cocaine-d~ in one of the non-Caucasian subject's hair at any time after dosing even though cocaine-ds was in plasma at the expected levels. The results from these studies suggest there may be a racial bias in the incorporation of cocaine into human hair; however, the data are not conclusive because of the relatively small sample size.
Comparative evaluation of output buffer management schemes in ATM networks

Investigates the comparative performance of output buffer management schemes for a fast packet switch in an ATM/B-ISDN environment. Specifically, the authors compare the performance of the complete sharing, complete partitioning, sharing with minimum allocation and sharing with maximum puzzle length strategies for a network node with several outgoing links. The performance with respect to throughput and power is quantified for a number of different traffic source models and loading patterns. >
Message and messenger: The carrier effect on judgments of credibility

When examining the ways in which individuals evaluate the credibility of information sources, it is easy to assume that these judgments are based solely on the quality of the information being presented. The study described here questions this assumption by establishing a link between the quality of the interface (rather than the content) and perceived credibility. Essentially, interface design and the “form” of information (the messenger) can negatively impact the perceived quality of the “content” of information (the message). This study tests the hypothesis that individuals searching a poorly designed digital library will perceive the contents of the collection as less authoritative and credible than a digital library with a superior interface. This focus on interface design illuminates one of the methods by which individuals evaluate new or poorly understood information: by examining the quality of its distribution mechanism. Generally speaking, this research is an indication of how individuals are prone to the carrier effect, allowing features of the messenger (the interface) to affect the perception of the message (the digital library content).
A Model Hypothesizing the Effect of Leadership Style on the Transfer of Training

The purpose of this paper was to undertake a comprehensive review of Kirkpatrick’s four-level evaluation model. Included was a brief discussion on the additions that have been suggested by critics attempting to make it more responsive to training practitioners’ needs as well as researchers’ inquiries. Also included is a contrast of Kirkpatrick’s model with the expanded model offered by Holton (1996) and a discussion of several key areas of agreement with his model as well as areas of concerns with Holton’s criticism of Kirkpatrick’s four-level model. This article also discussed the relationship of two key factors, not widely examined in the transfer of training literature that could impact the transfer of training to the workplace, namely trainee attributes and the supervisory role in training transfer as affected specifically by a manager’s degree of transformational leadership. A model depicting the balance between these two factors on training transfer was presented in an attempt to assist training professionals seeking to further understand the effects of this interaction on training transfer. Several recommendations were suggested to help training practitioners. Finally several recommendations were given for future studies.
The Life of Impregnated Paper

IT IS generally agreed that the most important factor limiting the life of the so-called solid type of impregnated paper insulated cable is internal ionization in voids or gas pockets. The much higher stresses in oil filled cables and their exceptional performance in service are commonly attributed to the absence of gaseous ionization. These facts have served to draw increased attention to the question of the type of oil to be used in such cables. The oils for solid cables have been selected from the standpoint of their susceptibility to the formation and ultimate action of internal ionization. With ionization absent, as in the oil filled cable, the question then becomes one of the inherent dielectric and insulating properties of the oil.
Network Survivability Simulation of a Commercially Deployed Dynamic Routing System Protocol

With the ever-increasing demands on server applications, many new server services are distributed in nature. We evaluated one hundred deployed systems and found that over a one-year period, thirteen percent of the hardware failures were network related. To provide end-user services, the server clusters must guarantee server-to-server communication in the presence of network failures. In prior work, we described a protocol to provide proactive dynamic routing for server clusters architectures. We now present a network survivability simulation of the Dynamic Routing System (DRS) protocol. We show that with the DRS the probability of success for server-to-server communication converges to 1 as N grows for a fixed number of failures. The DRS's proactive routing policy performs better than traditional routing systems by fixing network problems before they effect application communication.
Analysis and Test of a Torsional Sensitive C-Shaped Prefabricated Brick Spandrel Panel

Recognizing the inherent torsional flexibility of an open C-section, the authors analyzed in detail the dead and live load behavior of the section under review. The section consisted of a sloping sill, a vertical spandrel, and a horizontal soffit configuration fabricated as a continuous bent plate. The three planes when joined together form an open C-section. To explore the stress patterns in this shaped plate, the authors modeled the analysis for a hand solution. This was then compared to a more rigorous solution using a finite-element computer approach. The hand approach determined the principal axes of inertia, the shear centers, and the principal states of stress by Mohr's circle. Comparison is shown with graphic plots of principal stresses from the finite-element analysis. The latter technique makes a detailed investigation possible, including plots of both principal tensile and shearing stresses. The modeling of the complex metal embedments at each reaction location was also possible by the finite-element solution. Full-scale testing of the panel was made utilizing dead weight from brick loading platforms that exerted gravity and wind loading on the spandrel panel through a series of compound lever frames. Contrary to results of brittle torsional failure expected from the analytical work, the experimental behavior demonstrated a capacity to a load factor of five without cracking or collapse.
Fasting hyperglycemia: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Suboptimal glycemic control in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Even brief periods of hyperglycemia increase the risk of complications. Fasting hyperglycemia is a phenomenon that has been observed in essentially all individuals with diabetes and may be due to dysregulation of the normal circadian hormonal patterns resulting in increased hepatic glucose output. Controlling hepatic glucose output and disposal is essential for effectively managing fasting hyperglycemia. Fasting hyperglycemia generally can be attributed to inadequate or inappropriate hepatic insulinization or the dawn phenomenon (fasting hyperglycemia occurring in the absence of antecedent hypoglycemia). Less commonly, the Somogyi effect (marked fasting hyperglycemia following antecedent hypoglycemia) can cause fasting hyperglycemia. Accurate diagnosis with overnight home blood glucose monitoring is important in developing an appropriate...
Not-So-Open Access to Legal Scholarship: Balancing Stakeholder Interests with Copyright Principles

At its core, open access, particularly public access to scholarly research, is grounded in considerations of transparency, accountability, democratic legitimacy, and the fulfillment of perhaps the most fundamental function of academia — providing educational service for the public. This article discusses the role that open access plays and should play in academic legal scholarship. Specifically, this article defines the Open Access Movement and the benefits of open access to scholarship, describes the current methods of accessing academic scholarship, discusses issues related to ownership of scholarly works and the interests of authors, and provides recommendations for ensuring open access to legal scholarship. In particular, the article identifies elements of existing solutions that should be combined to create a policy that can provide open access to such scholarship while handling the interests of scholars, institutions, publishers, and the public.
Reducing Minimum Share Capital in Limited Liability Companies: A Basic Model

One of the most intensely debated issues in corporate law is the requirement of minimum share capital (or capital stock in the U.S.) for companies with limited liability. Some countries have recently reduced or eliminated this legal prescription. The paper discusses the effects of these policies. It focuses on the effects of capital stock reduction on precaution. After outlining the standard economic model of precaution in tort law, it considers (i) risk-aversion, (ii) the possibility of correcting suboptimal precaution within a contractual context, (iii) the effects of a negligence rule, and (iv) the principal-agent relationship between shareholders and managers.
Sixteen-Step Strategic Family Therapy for the Treatment of Child Sexual Abuse: A Treatment Adaptation and Case Example

Despite the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to child sexual abuse, few studies examine the clinical treatment of such children. The studies that exist are behavioral in nature and have been conducted on children who have witnessed violence, not those who have the disorder due to sexual abuse (Saigh, 1992). This limits clinicians who strive to use validated therapy techniques but who feel that behavioral therapy is inappropriate or inadequate for their clients. Using family therapy over more traditional behavioral treatments is beneficial and allows for the treatment of emotional issues not addressed in behavior therapy for PTSD. A 16-step strategic family therapy approach to treating intrafamilial sexual abuse published by Cloe Madanes (1990) is presented. The treatment adaptation for families in which the perpetrator is not present for the therapy is exemplified through the case of a 9-year-old boy who was sexually abused.
Modeling the Diffusion of Innovations Through Small-World Networks

We explore how the structure of connections between members of a target population systematically influences the time-path of diffusion of an innovation through that population. Using the formalisms of small world networks, we model the existence of potential connections between members of a target population, the mechanisms for the activation of connections, and the effect of an activation (i.e., whether it leads to an adoption). Our proposed Small-World Multiple Influence model nests the Bass model and the Non-uniform influence model, and allows us to decompose word-of-mouth effects, e.g., whether an innovation spreads due to strong collective influence of a small circle of family members and friends or through the strong influence of distant acquaintances. The model incorporates a stochastic network, enables aggregation of individual-level adoptions in a network into a population diffusion curve, and permits unbiased estimation of the parameters of an underlying social network from a population diffusion curve. We assess the validity and value of our model by using data from 35 new products introduced in the US, and from diffusion data for cell phone and Internet from several European countries. The results show that the proposed model outperforms the competing models on both theoretical and empirical criteria.
Oscillator-Based Reactance Sensors With Injection Locking for High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Using Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy

This paper presents the analysis and design of oscillator-based reactance sensors employing injection locking for high-throughput label-free single-cell analysis using dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies. By injection-locking two sensing LC-oscillators with an I/Q excitation source, the measurement of the sample-induced frequency shift caused by the interaction with the electromagnetic fields is performed through phase detection with injection-strength-dependent transducer gain. Such inherent phase amplification offered by the injection locking not only relaxes the design requirement for the readout circuits but also maintains the highest rejection against common-mode errors associated with the drift of the supply voltage and the environmental parameters. To reduce flicker noise contribution, a chopping technique employing phase modulation is exploited. In addition, this paper presents a novel ping-pong chopping approach to alleviate chopping-induced dc offset. In this prototype, four sensing channels, covering frequencies between 6.5 and 30 GHz, are distributed along a microfluidic channel fabricated with standard photolithography. Measurements show that the proposed microwave capacitive sensors achieve a ${sub}{- }{a}{{F}_{{rms}}}$ of noise sensitivity at 100 kHz filtering bandwidth, enabling measurement throughput exceeding 1 k cells/s. The sensor prototype is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology and consumes 65 mW at 1 V supply.
Regime Change, Revolution and Legitimacy in Hungary

The paper locates the place of Hungary's paradigm of constitution making in a typology of forms of democratic transitions. It argues that within the type of post sovereign multi-stage constitution making, Hungary failed to complete the last stage. This allowed the recent enactment of a new "Fundamental Law" in a process that violated the fundamental principles of this paradigm, by putting a government with a slim electoral majority into the place of the sovereign.
Determination of optical properties of a two-layered epithelial model in UV-VIS

A combination of a variable-angle illumination and collection geometry and a Monte Carlo based light transport model was used to extract optical properties from a two-layered epithelial tissue model in the UV-Visible spectrum. This approach was validated using independent Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated that the absorption coefficients were estimated with < 10% error and the scattering coefficients were estimated with < 15% error for both layers. The top layer thickness can be estimated with < 20% error for the thickness range from 200 µm to 500 µm.
Isolation of naloxone-3-glucuronide from human urine.

SummaryUsing column chromatography with Amberlite XAD-2 and silica gel and countercurrent analysis, a metabolite of naloxone was isolated from human urine. The metabolite was identical to naloxone-...
Notes on a Visit to Leningrad and Moscow

DURING the past three years I have received a considerable amount of literature from paleobotanical colleagues in the USSR, particularly from Leningrad and Moscow. Because I planned to spend several months in Europe during the summer of 1958 it seemed an opportune time to try to arrange at least a short side-trip to those two cities. I was motivated by a desire to become personally acquainted with some of the Russian botanists, to have an opportunity to see some of their collections, laboratories and working conditions in general, and finally, by the usual curiosity about the country itself. My visit of ten days was so short a time that I could expect to learn only a little. Nevertheless, I have never received so much education in a similar period and my purpose in submitting these brief notes is twofold: to pass along some of my interesting experiences and to encourage other American botanists to visit the USSR. My brief experience may be taken for whatever it is worth, but I am certain that a greater exchange of botanists between the USA and USSR can have only beneficial results.
Age changes in body weight and in several blood components of conventional versus miniature pigs.

SummaryTwo litters (11 pigs) of Pitman-Moore miniature pigs (M) and 3 litters (26 pigs) of conventional pigs (C) of Hampshire and the cross of Hampshire and Yorkshire breeding were used to compare body weight gain, blood hemoglobin, blood urea and serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and protein to 20 weeks of age. Body weight gain was similar during the first 6 weeks for M and C pigs, but the difference in mean weight gain between M and C pigs steadily increased at each subsequent time interval in favor of the latter. The mean weight at 20 weeks was 43kg and 69 kg for M and C pigs, respectively. Blood parameters were similar for M and C pigs at each time interval except that serum alkaline phosphatase dropped much more rapidly in M pigs during the first 6 weeks, serum cholesterol was lower during the suckling period in M pigs and the blood urea was lower in M pigs from weeks 10 to 20 and serum protein higher in M pigs throughout.