cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted protein-omic methods are bridging the gap between proteomic and hypothesis-driven protein analysis approaches.

While proteomic methods have illuminated many areas of biological protein space, many fundamental questions remain with regard to systems-level relationships between mRNAs, proteins, and cell behaviors. While mass spectrometric methods offer a panoramic picture of the relative expression and modification of large numbers of proteins, they are neither optimal for the analysis of pre-defined targets across large numbers of samples nor for assessing differences in proteins between individual cells or cell compartments. Conversely, traditional antibody-based methods are effective at sensitively analyzing small numbers of proteins across small numbers of conditions, and can be used to analyze relative differences in protein abundance and modification between cells and cell compartments. However, traditional antibody-based approaches are not optimal for analyzing large numbers of protein abundances and modifications across many samples. In this perspective article, we will review recent advances in methodologies and philosophies behind several microarray-based, intermediate-level, “protein-omic” methods including a focus on reverse phase lysate arrays and micro-western arrays that have been helpful for bridging gaps between large- and small-scale protein analysis approaches and have provided insight into the roles that protein systems play in several biological processes.
Multidimensional column ion chromatographic determination of tetrafluoroborate and phosphate

Description d'une methode de separation de BF 4 − et PO 4 3− . Application au dosage de B et P dans des films de verre borophosphosilicate pour des applications VLSI
On a further characterization of dispersion matrices based on the properties of regression

Abstract Motivated by the work of Sinha and Sinha (1976) on a formal characterization of the dispersion matrix based on the properties of regression in a specific situation (viz., the one enjoyed by the multinomial distributions), we have considered here a similar problem but in a different situation and obtained the most general formal representations of the underlying dispersion matrices.
Are temporary inferior vena cava filters really temporary

Abstract Background Despite significant risk for venous thromboembolism, severely injured trauma patients often are not candidates for prophylaxis or treatment with anticoagulation. Long-term inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are associated with increased risk of postphlebitic syndrome. Retrievable IVC filters potentially offer a better solution, but only if the filter is removed; our hypothesis is that the most of them are not. Methods This retrospective study queried a level I trauma registry for IVC filter insertion from September 1997 through June 2004. Results One IVC filter was placed before the availability of retrievable filters in 2001. Since 2001, 27 filters have been placed, indicating a change in practice patterns. Filters were placed for prophylaxis (n = 11) or for therapy in patients with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis (n = 17). Of 23 temporary filters, only 8 (35%) were removed. Conclusions Surgeons must critically evaluate indications for IVC filter insertion, develop standard criteria for placement, and implement protocols to ensure timely removal of temporary IVC filters.
Time and temperature dependent response and relaxation of a soft polymer

Abstract A comprehensive study on the compressive uniaxial mechanical response of the polymer Adiprene-L100, a polyether urethane-based rubber, is presented. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments, under compression, were performed at a wide range of strain rates (10−5⩽ e ⩽5000 s−1) and temperatures (−100⩽T⩽270 °F). The behavior of the polymer was found to be nonlinear and highly dependent on both, strain rate and temperature. Adiprene-L100 exhibited stress relaxation, dependent on strain rate, initial strain and stress levels at room temperature. The viscoplastic strain was found to be negligibly small.
Superhard, functionally gradient, nanolayered and nanocomposite diamond-like carbon coatings for wear protection

Abstract Recent progress in the development of advanced carbon-based tribological coatings is reviewed. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was used to produce superhard (60–70 GPa) self-lubricating diamond-like carbon (DLC) with low friction and low wear rate. Attention was given to the improvement of coating toughness. A hybrid of magnetron sputtering and PLD was used to deposit coatings with architectures designed to withstand 1–10 GPa contact stress. This included: (1) composite coatings combining hydrogen-free and hydrogenated DLC; (2) functionally gradient metal-ceramic-DLC and nanolayered coatings with crystalline metal and carbide interlayers (about 10 nm thick) between DLC layers (about 60 nm thick); and (3) nanocrystalline-amorphous composite coatings with 10–50 nm diameter carbide particles encapsulated in a DLC matrix. The research led to the fabrication of thin (2–3 μm) DLC-based coatings for steel substrates, which could maintain friction coefficients of about 0.1 for several million cycles of unlubricated sliding at contact pressures above 1 GPa. Their scratch resistance exeeded that of conventional ceramic (TiN, TiC) coatings.
Resistance of a vaccinia virus A34R deletion mutant to spontaneous rupture of the outer membrane of progeny virions on the surface of infected cells

The extracellular form of vaccinia virus is referred to as an enveloped virion (EV) because it contains an additional lipoprotein membrane surrounding the infectious mature virion (MV) that must be discarded prior to cell fusion and entry. Most EVs adhere to the surface of the parent cell and mediate spread of the infection to adjacent cells. Here we show that some attached EVs have ruptured envelopes. Rupture was detected by fluorescence microscopy of unfixed and unpermeabilized cells using antibodies to the F13 and L1 proteins, which line the inner side of the EV membrane and the outer side of the MV membrane, respectively. The presence of ruptured EV membranes was confirmed by immunogold transmission electron microscopy. EVs with broken membranes were present on several cell lines examined including one deficient in glycosaminoglycans, which are thought to play a role in breakage of the EV membrane prior to fusion of the MV. No correlation was found between EVs with ruptured membranes and actin tail formation. Studies with several mutant viruses indicated that EV membranes lacking the A34 protein were unbroken. This result was consistent with other properties of A34R deletion mutants including resistance of the EV membrane to polyanions, small plaque formation and low infectivity that can be increased by disruption of the EV membrane by freezing and thawing.
Tracks and themes in a shifting landscape: reflections on 50 years of the study of religion

The essay reflects on concepts that the author has found useful in navigating decades of changes in the academic study of religion. Among these themes or threads are the notions of reflexive framing and aspectualism, worlds as environments, and the continuing need to discover cross-cultural patterns. Explicating these constitutes the main section. Before that the author begins with a very brief account of how he entered the stream of the so-called History of Religions field in the 1960s, which in turn will indicate why these tracks have emerged the way they did. The discussion then takes on the gateway issue of the category religion, favoring its use as a stipulated taxon for a feature of cultural behavior, namely, interaction with gods, and thus a viable subject matter for study.
Skeletal Evidence of Trauma in African Apes, with Special Reference to the Gombe Chimpanzees

Incidence of cranial and postcranial skeletal trauma was investigated in samples of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes, P. troglodytes schweinfurthii), lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), and bonobos (P. paniscus). The larger (adult) samples of chimpanzees (N=127 crania, 92 postcrania) and gorillas (N=136 crania, 62 postcrania) are curated at the Powell-Cotton Museum, Birchington, U.K. The bonobo collection (N=71 crania, 15 postcrania) is housed the Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale in Tervuren, Belgium. In addition, data were collected on the small but extremely well-documented skeletal sample from Gombe National Park (N=14 crania, 13 postcrania — including adults and adolescents). Cranial injuries, including healed fractures and bite wounds, were fairly frequent in the museum collection of chimpanzees (5.5% of individuals), but were twice as frequent in gorillas (11.0%). In the Gombe sample an even higher incidence was observed (28.6% of individuals). Bonobos, however, showed the lowest incidence of cranial trauma found among any of the African ape samples (1.4% of individuals). Postcranial trauma, documented most clearly by healed fractures, was seen in 21.7% of the Powell-Cotton chimpanzees, 30.8% of Gombe chimpanzees, 17.7% of gorillas, and in 13.3% of bonobos. Most of these lesions were found in the upper appendage. Nevertheless, highly debilitating healed fractures of the femur were also noted, most frequently and severe in female gorillas. The pattern of injuries suggests serious risks of falling in all free-ranging African apes, but also (in chimpanzees and gorillas) considerable risk from interindividual aggression, especially for males.
Segmentation and tracking in echocardiographic sequences: active contours guided by optical flow estimates

This paper presents a method for segmentation and tracking of cardiac structures in ultrasound image sequences. The developed algorithm is based on the active contour framework. This approach requires initial placement of the contour close to the desired position in the image, usually an object outline. Best contour shape and position are then calculated, assuming that at this configuration a global energy function, associated with a contour, attains its minimum. Active contours can be used for tracking by selecting a solution from a previous frame as an initial position in a present frame. Such an approach, however, fails for large displacements of the object of interest. This paper presents a technique that incorporates the information on pixel velocities (optical flow) into the estimate of initial contour to enable tracking of fast-moving objects. The algorithm was tested on several ultrasound image sequences, each covering one complete cardiac cycle. The contour successfully tracked boundaries of mitral valve leaflets, aortic root and endocardial borders of the left ventricle. The algorithm-generated outlines were compared against manual tracings by expert physicians. The automated method resulted in contours that were within the boundaries of intraobserver variability.
Design of Optimal Broadband Microstrip Antenna Elements in the Array Environment using Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) design methodology is presented for the synthesis of broadband or multiband microstrip stacked-patch antenna arrays. The geometric and electric properties of a single element in an infinite array environment are optimized so that the mutual coupling between the array elements can be properly accounted for. A full-wave Periodic Finite Element-Boundary Integral (PFE-BI) method is combined with a robust parallel GA for the purpose of optimizing microstrip antenna elements with complex geometries and inhomogeneous dielectric materials in the array environment. An example is presented for a stacked-patch antenna element optimized in the array environment that achieves a 35% bandwidth.
Should a bicuspid aortic valve be replaced in the presence of subvalvar or supravalvar aortic stenosis

Abstract Background . A bicuspid aortic valve is commonly associated with other levels of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Providing the bicuspid aortic valve is competent and nonobstructive, repair of subvalvar or supravalvar stenosis usually focuses on the obstructive lesions, leaving the valve in situ. The aim of this report was to examine the impact of a bicuspid aortic valve on the risk of reoperation for patients undergoing operation for subvalvar or supravalvar aortic stenosis. Methods . Since 1976, 47 patients with supravalvar or subvalvar aortic stenosis have undergone repair. The median follow-up is 5.1 years (range, 2 months to 20.1 years). Sixteen patients (34%) had a bicuspid aortic valve that was competent and nonobstructive, and 31 (66%) had a tricuspid aortic valve. Results . Reoperation was required in 9 patients (56%) with a bicuspid aortic valve, in each involving aortic valve replacement with an autograft (3), homograft (2), or prosthesis (4). Six patients (19%) with a tricuspid aortic valve required reoperation, yet only 1 required aortic valve replacement. The freedom from valve replacement was 43% (70% confidence interval, 31% to 55%) in the bicuspid aortic valve group versus 100% (70% confidence interval, 94% to 99.5%) in the tricuspid group at 5 years ( p = 0.0001). The freedom from any reoperation at 5 years was 43% (70% confidence interval, 31% to 55%) in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve versus 86% (70% confidence interval, 80% to 93%) in the tricuspid group ( p = 0.02). Conclusions . The data suggest that patients with subvalvar or supravalvar aortic stenosis and a bicuspid valve may be better palliated with a more definitive operation such as the Ross or Ross-Konno procedure.
Comparison of 18F- and 11C-labeled aryloxyanilide analogs to measure translocator protein in human brain using positron emission tomography

Purpose Translocator protein (TSPO) is a promising biomarker for neuroinflammation. We developed two new PET ligands, 18F-PBR06 and 11C-PBR28, to image TSPOs. Although our prior studies suggest that either of the two ligands could be used to quantify TSPOs in human brain, the studies were done in different sets of subjects. In this study, we directly compared 18F-PBR06 and 11C-PBR28 in eight human subjects to determine (1) whether either ligand provides more precise measurements of TSPOs and (2) whether the higher in vitro affinity of PBR06 compared to PBR28 led to higher in vivo binding of 18F-PBR06 compared to 11C-PBR28.
A direct linkage between the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathway and the mammalian target of rapamycin in mitogen-stimulated and transformed cells

The microbially derived antiproliferative agent rapamycin inhibits cell growth by interfering with the signaling functions of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In this study, we demonstrate that interleukin-3 stimulation induces a wortmannin-sensitive increase in mTOR kinase activity in a myeloid progenitor cell line. The involvement of phosphoinositide 3'-kinase (PI3K) in the regulation of mTOR activity was further suggested by findings that mTOR was phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by the PI3K-regulated protein kinase, AKT/PKB. Although AKT phosphorylated mTOR at two COOH-terminal sites (Thr2446 and Ser2448) in vitro, Ser2448 was the major phosphorylation site in insulin-stimulated or -activated AKT-expressing human embryonic kidney cells. Transient transfection assays with mTOR mutants bearing Ala substitutions at Ser2448 and/or Thr2446 indicated that AKT-dependent mTOR phosphorylation was not essential for either PHAS-I phosphorylation or p70S6K activation in HEK cells. However, a deletion of amino acids 2430-2450 in mTOR, which includes the potential AKT phosphorylation sites, significantly increased both the basal protein kinase activity and in vivo signaling functions of mTOR. These results demonstrate that mTOR is a direct target of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in mitogen-stimulated cells, and that the identified AKT phosphorylation sites are nested within a "repressor domain" that negatively regulates the catalytic activity of mTOR. Furthermore, the activation status of the PI3K-AKT pathway in cancer cells may be an important determinant of cellular sensitivity to the cytostatic effect of rapamycin.
A comparison of wavelet deconvolution techniques for ultrasonic NDT

Wavelet deconvolution is a problem of fundamental importance in many signal processing applications. The authors are concerned with deconvolution to extract impulse responses of materials tested in ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT). The impulse responses can provide vital information about the flaws and material properties. Several deconvolution techniques including Wiener filtering in three versions, the spiking filter, time domain deconvolution, L1 norm deconvolution, and others are examined and critical comparisons are made for the ultrasonic NDT data. >
Deciphering the signaling events that promote melanoma tumor cell vasculogenic mimicry and their link to embryonic vasculogenesis: Role of the Eph receptors

During embryogenesis, the primordial microcirculation is formed through a process known as vasculogenesis. The term “vasculogenic mimicry” has been used to describe the manner in which highly aggressive, but not poorly aggressive melanoma tumor cells express endothelial and epithelial markers and form vasculogenic-like networks similar to embryonic vasculogenesis. Vasculogenic mimicry is one example of the remarkable plasticity demonstrated by aggressive melanoma cells and suggests that these cells have acquired an embryonic-like phenotype. Since the initial discovery of tumor cell vasculogenic mimicry by our laboratory, we have been focusing on understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This review will highlight recent findings identifying key signal transduction events that regulate melanoma vasculogenic mimicry and their similarity to the signal transduction events responsible for promoting embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Specifically, this review will focus on the role of the Eph receptors and ligands in embryonic vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry. Developmental Dynamics 236:3283–3296, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Neural network optimization for multi-target multi-sensor passive tracking

In this paper, we review a number of neural network approaches to combinatorial optimization. We specifically address the difficult problem of localizing multiple targets using only passive sensors, i.e. the sensors detect only bearing angles. Thus, target positions must be found through triangulation. An efficient solution to this problem has been of particular interest in air defence applications. In this paper, we describe two different neural network based approaches for solving this passive tracking problem. In particular, we demonstrate the use of a Hopfield neural network to preface the subsequent development of the multiple elastic modules (MEM) model. The MEM model is presented as a significant extension to current self-organizing neural networks. We describe the unique features of the MEM model, including nonhomogeneous adaptive temperature field for escaping from poor local optima, and locking and expectation features used for dealing with dynamic real-world problems. Applications of the MEM model to other areas including computer vision, are also briefly described.
Scaphoid Excision with Four-Corner Fusion

The scaphoid plays a critical role in maintain-ing normal carpal kinematics. SLAC and SNAC wrist arthritis demonstrate the ramifications ofscaphoid pathology on wrist biomechanics. In the past, symptomatic SLAC or SNAC pathology spelled total wrist arthrodesis. Over the past 20 years there has been a movement toward limited wrist arthrodesis in the treatment of SLAC/SNAC wrists. In the long-term follow-up of four-corner fusions, patient satisfaction is high, patients are able to return to their previous vocation, and wrist function averages 60%-70% of the contralateral wrist. The Spider plate is a recent advancement in the four-corner fusion armamentarium that has thus far shown great promise in respect to fusion rates (100% in the first documented series [36]),functional range of motion, intercarpal stability[37], and patient satisfaction.
Listening for Whiteness: Hearing Racial Politics in Undergraduate School Music

Three Saturdays each year I attend the voice auditions of high school seniors seeking admission to the School of Music at University of Wisconsin-Madison. In this essay, I use my observations about these auditions to explore how current conceptions of university-level school music, what the MayDay Group’s fourth action ideal calls “institutionally mediated expressions of musical culture,” systematically advantage some applicants while disadvantaging others (MayDay Group 1997, pp. x–y, this volume). Stringent and restrictive notions of what constitutes musical competence, together with narrow definitions of legitimate musical knowledge, shut out potential teachers from already underrepresented culture groups and are tying the hands of teacher educators at a time when greater diversity, both perspectival and corporeal, is needed in the music teaching pool.
Laminate substrates for high speed interconnect

An existing dual C40 multichip module (MCM) design, constructed in thin film HDI on ceramic is compared with the design converted to a laminate interconnect. The resulting design combines the low cost laminate substrate with increased power distribution and fine interconnect geometries. >
Aegis: A semantic implementation of privacy as contextual integrity in social ecosystems

Combining and incorporating rich semantics of user social data, which is currently fragmented and managed by proprietary applications, has the potential to more accurately represent a user's social ecosystems. However, social ecosystems raise even more serious privacy concerns than today's social networks. This paper proposes to model privacy as contextual integrity by using semantic web tools and focuses on defining default privacy policies, as they have the highest impact. Through a real implementation and performance evaluation we show that such a framework is practical.
Transcriptome-guided amyloid imaging genetic analysis via a novel structured sparse learning algorithm

Motivation: Imaging genetics is an emerging field that studies the influence of genetic variation on brain structure and function. The major task is to examine the association between genetic markers such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and quantitative traits (QTs) extracted from neuroimaging data. The complexity of these datasets has presented critical bioinformatics challenges that require new enabling tools. Sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) is a bi-multivariate technique used in imaging genetics to identify complex multi-SNP–multi-QT associations. However, most of the existing SCCA algorithms are designed using the soft thresholding method, which assumes that the input features are independent from one another. This assumption clearly does not hold for the imaging genetic data. In this article, we propose a new knowledge-guided SCCA algorithm (KG-SCCA) to overcome this limitation as well as improve learning results by incorporating valuable prior knowledge. Results: The proposed KG-SCCA method is able to model two types of prior knowledge: one as a group structure (e.g. linkage disequilibrium blocks among SNPs) and the other as a network structure (e.g. gene co-expression network among brain regions). The new model incorporates these prior structures by introducing new regularization terms to encourage weight similarity between grouped or connected features. A new algorithm is designed to solve the KG-SCCA model without imposing the independence constraint on the input features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm with both synthetic and real data. For real data, using an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cohort, we examine the imaging genetic associations between all SNPs in the APOE gene (i.e. top AD gene) and amyloid deposition measures among cortical regions (i.e. a major AD hallmark). In comparison with a widely used SCCA implementation, our KG-SCCA algorithm produces not only improved cross-validation performances but also biologically meaningful results. Availability: Software is freely available on request. Contact: shenli@iu.edu
Electron-transfer events leading to reconstitution of oxygen-evolution activity in manganese-depleted photosystem II membranes.

O,-evolution activity and the Mn complex can be reconstituted in photosystem I1 by a process called photoactivation. We have studied the elementary steps in photoactivation by using electron para- magnetic resonance spectroscopy to probe electron transport in Mn-depleted photosystem I1 membranes. The electron donation reactions in Mn-depleted photosystem I1 were found to be identical with those in untreated photosystem 11, except that electron donation from the Mn complex was absent and could be replaced by slower electron donation from exogenous Mn2+. Mn2+ photooxidation by Mn-depleted pho- tosystem I1 membranes correlates with reconstitution of 0,-evolution activity. However, photooxidation of Mn2+ occurs in competition with photooxidation of the tyrosine residue YD, and cytochrome b-559. Thus, these two species are excluded from direct participation in the initial steps in the assembly of the Mn complex. Because photooxidation of Mn2+ is slower than photooxidation of the competing electron donors, cytochrome b-559 and chlorophyll, as well as recombination of the charge-separated states chlorophyll+QA- or YZ'QA-, these other reactions dominate in a single photochemical turnover reaction. This provides a molecular basis for both the low yield and low quantum yield of photoactivation. The first photochemical step in the assembly of the Mn complex results in photooxidation of one Mn2+ ion. Therefore, the first intermediate in assembly of the Mn complex contains Mn3+. On the basis of these results and previous kinetic studies (Miller, A.-F., & Brudvig, G. W. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 81811, we conclude that the second intermediate of Mn complex assembly contains Mn2+Mn3+, which is photooxidized to Mn3+,.
Dietary regulation of intestinal transport of the dipeptide carnosine

Uptake of the dipeptide L-carnosine was measured in everted intestinal sleeves of mice whose dietary protein level or else proportion of protein in the form of free amino acids was varied experimentally. Carnosine uptake was highest in the jejunum, regardless of ration. Compared with a low-protein (18%) ration, a high-protein (72%) ration stimulated carnosine uptake by 30-70% in duodenum and jejunum (but not in ileum). This stimulation was observed even in the presence of peptidase inhibitors that inhibit cell surface hydrolysis of dipeptides. Measured carnosine hydrolysis was low or negligible. Carnosine uptake was the same in mice fed 54% unhydrolyzed casein, 54% partly hydrolyzed casein, and 54% free amino acids formulated so as to stimulate a complete hydrolysate of casein. Thus carnosine uptake is regulated by dietary levels of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, all of which seem equally effective at inducing carnosine transporters.
Habilitation into Healthy Agency: A Eudaimonistic Framework and Target for Justice

This paper outlines a conception of habilitation into a robust form of health needed for lives of active, effective agency. Such healthy agency is described in terms of six physiological and psychological factors (health-related traits) that vary quantitatively along three dimensions. The same six factors will describe not only healthy agency but the entire range of health states. Consequently, what can be called the habilitation framework is useful for health in general, as it relates to theories of distributive justice. Further, as I will argue, the framework is a useful way of organizing an account of distributive justice generally.
Characterization of the expression of the pro-metastatic Mena(INV) isoform during breast tumor progression

Several functionally distinct isoforms of the actin regulatory Mena are produced by alternative splicing during tumor progression. Forced expression of the Mena(INV) isoform drives invasion, intravasation and metastasis. However, the abundance and distribution of endogenously expressed Mena(INV) within primary tumors during progression remain unknown, as most studies to date have only assessed relative mRNA levels from dissociated tumor samples. We have developed a Mena(INV) isoform-specific monoclonal antibody and used it to examine Mena(INV) expression patterns in mouse mammary and human breast tumors. Mena(INV) expression increases during tumor progression and to examine the relationship between Mena(INV) expression and markers for epithelial or mesenchymal status, stemness, stromal cell types and hypoxic regions. Further, while Mena(INV) robustly expressed in vascularized areas of the tumor, it is not confined to cells adjacent to blood vessels. Altogether, these data demonstrate the specificity and utility of the anti-Mena(INV)-isoform specific antibody, and provide the first description of endogenous Mena(INV) protein expression in mouse and human tumors.
VoIP Network Security and Forensic Models Using Patterns

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) networks is becoming the most popular telephony system in the world. However, studies of the security of VoIP networks are still in their infancy. VoIP devices and networks are commonly attacked, and it is therefore necessary to analyze the threats against the converged network and the techniques that exist today to stop or mitigate these attacks. We also need to understand what evidence can be obtained from the VoIP system after an attack has occurred. Many of these attacks occur in similar ways in different contexts or environments. Generic solutions to these issues can be expressed as patterns. A pattern can be used to guide the design or simulation of VoIP systems as an abstract solution to a problem in this environment. Patterns have shown their value in developing good quality software and we expect that their application to VoIP will also prove valuable to build secure systems. This dissertation presents a variety of patterns (architectural, attack, forensic and security patterns). These patterns will help forensic analysts as well as secure systems developers because they provide a systematic approach to structure the required information and help understand system weaknesses. The patterns will also allow us to specify, analyze and implement network security investigations for different architectures. The pattern system uses object-oriented modeling (Unified Modeling Language) as a way to formalize the information and dynamics of attacks and systems.
Carfilzomib: A cause of drug associated thrombotic microangiopathy.

Abstract Carfilzomib is a selective proteosome inhibitor approved for treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Recent reports have linked exposure to carfilzomib with development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We describe two cases of biopsy proven thrombotic microangiopathy that occurred after the initiation of carfilzomib (dosed at 32 mg/m 2 and 23 mg/m 2 , respectively) for relapsed multiple myeloma. Both patients were managed with discontinuation of the drug, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and supportive care. Hemoglobin, platelets and renal function did not improve with TPE. TMA resolved with creatinine returning to baseline several weeks after discontinuation of the drug. The outcomes suggest that TPE is not beneficial for treating carfilzomib-induced TMA.
Serologic survey on 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in Fuzhou City,China

This study was aimed at investigating the serologic responses to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in Fuzhou City,China.Serum specimens were collected from subjects at five different periods from November 30,2009 to March 22,2010,and tested by use of haemagglutination inhibition(HI) assay.The results showed that the positive rates of HI antibody were 1.75%,8.00%,11.25%,12.50% and 14.25%(P0.01),and HI Geometric Mean Titer(GMT) were 5.49,6.81,7.59,8.83 and 8.54(P0.01) at five different periods respectively.Among 4 different age groups,6-17 age group showed the largest increments on the positive rates of HI antibody and GMT(P0.01).There was no significant difference in the levels of HI antibody between males and females(P0.05).The positive rates of antibody and GMT in the subjects received H1N1 vaccination were 46.43% and 28.99,which were significantly higher than those in the subjects without vaccination(7.20% and 6.76)(P0.01).The data revealed that the levels of HI antibody had been significantly increased and,to some extent,the development of immunological barrier to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus had been formed in Fuzhou City.However,the preventive measures targeting the key age groups should be strengthened.
A Case of Two Incidental Synchronous Primary Carcinomas of the Uterine Body and Left Ovary in a Patient with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome Presenting with Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes development of colorectal polyps via germline mutations in APC gene on chromosome 5q21∼22 with a 100% penetrance. We describe a patient with FAP and two incidental synchronous primary carcinomas of the uterine body and left ovary identified in a resection specimen submitted for pathologic evaluation of biopsy-proven …
Ensemble Control of Cycling Energy Loads: Markov Decision Approach

A Markov decision process (MDP) framework is adopted to represent ensemble control of devices with cyclic energy consumption patterns, e.g., thermostatically controlled loads. Specifically we utilize and develop the class of MDP models previously coined linearly solvable MDPs, that describe optimal dynamics of the probability distribution of an ensemble of many cycling devices. Two principally different settings are discussed. First, we consider optimal strategy of the ensemble aggregator balancing between minimization of the cost of operations and minimization of the ensemble welfare penalty, where the latter is represented as a KL-divergence between actual and normal probability distributions of the ensemble. Then, second, we shift to the demand response setting modeling the aggregator’s task to minimize the welfare penalty under the condition that the aggregated consumption matches the targeted time-varying consumption requested by the system operator. We discuss a modification of both settings aimed at encouraging or constraining the transitions between different states. The dynamic programming feature of the resulting modified MDPs is always preserved; however, “linear solvability” is lost fully or partially, depending on the type of modification. We also conducted some (limited in scope) numerical experimentation using the formulations of the first setting. We conclude by discussing future generalizations and applications.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Biliatresone, a Plant Isoflavonoid That Causes Biliary Atresia

We report the first synthesis of the plant isoflavonoid biliatresone. The convergent synthesis has been applied to the synthesis of several analogs, which have facilitated the first structure-activity relationship study for this environmental toxin that, on ingestion, recapitulates the phenotype of biliary atresia.
Preventing Negative Conflict in Leadership Succession: Ethical Considerations and Practices

Negative conflict is unnecessary, destructive, and unhelpful. Though leaders should neither avoid nor diminish positive conflict, when successors practice the standards of ethical leadership, they are likely to prevent negative conflict. In this chapter, ethical leadership is the focus. Ethics is vital for positive succession planning. As part of succession preparation, developers should seek replacements who demonstrate a foundation in ethical leadership such as virtue ethics, formalism, and utilitarianism. Heirs entering a leadership position will likely influence others’ behavior. Successors should be just, wise, valiant, temperate, dependable, and honest. They should also support a code of ethics and be considerate of desires and needs of individuals and the entire group. Prospective leaders should be transparent about the general moral principles they believe should take priority.
Maternal effects better predict walleye recruitment in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin, 1957–2015: implications for regulations

Maternal influences on age-0 walleye (Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818)) recruit abundance and survival from egg to fall were observed in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin, in 1957–2015. Annual egg production...
Criena Fitzgerald. Turning men into stone: a social and medical history of silicosis in Western Australia 1890-1970. Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press; 2016, 252 p. ISBN 978-0-85905-635-9.

Obra ressenyada: Criena FITZGERALD, Turning men into stone: a social and medical history of silicosis in Western Australia 1890-1970. Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press, 2016.
Somatic Cell Genetics in the Analysis of in Vitro Senescence

The limited replicative life span, or “senescence,” of cultured human diploid somatic cells is now well established (Hayflick and Moorhead, 1961). During the past decade, extensive investigations have resulted in detailed characterization of these cells; the mechanism or mechanisms that regulate their limited proliferative capabilities, however, remain unknown. Moreover, the relevance of such in vitro senescence to the aging of proliferating cell populations in vivo is controversial. Indeed, the relative contributions of proliferating cell populations and postmitotic cells to the aging process are also unknown. There is no information that clearly favors one or the other of the various hypotheses concerning the mechanism of senescence in the intact organism. Thus, while we are in this state of relative ignorance, it is important to analyze all potentially relevant model systems with a variety of experimental approaches.
Production of SiC in a Thermal Plasma

ABSTRACT The needs of high temperature structural ceramics have rekindled great interest in developing methods for producing high-purity, ultrafine powders. Among different ways of fine powder preparation, gas phase synthesis in a thermal plasma is one of the most important techniques. A continuous thermal plasma process has been developed to produce ultrafine SiC powders by gas phase synthesis from silicon tetrachloride and methane in an argon and argon + hydrogen plasma jet. The reaction conditions to control the physical and chemical properties of the powders have been investigated. Bulk properties of SiC powders were determined by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface characteristics and particle size were examined by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the reaction conditions have significant effects on the size and composition of particles. The particles, 0.1–0.5 μm in size, can be either completely amorphous or crystalline β-SiC. The presence of Si-O bonds is detected in all powders and the amount of oxygen strongly depends on the operating conditions used. Gas phase synthesis in a thermal plasma can be an efficient means for producing, on a continuous basis, ultrafine particles of different compositions and morphologies.
Examining the Use of Leisure for the Sociopolitical Development of Black Youth in Out-of-School Time Programs

The current social and political climate in the U.S. requires a reexaminationof how marginalized groups shape their leisure around political identity development and resistance. This paper will fir...
Putting Humpty Together Again

Once ethnic conflict has broken out and has then proceeded to a stage of violence, how can stable substantive solutions be found? While negotiations for a solution depends on the evolution of the conflict to a point of ripeness, the acceptability and durability of the solution depends on finding an appropriate formula made of identities and institutions for handling ethnic relations in the future. While temporary outcomes can be patched together and may well gain signatures from fatigued combatants, more lasting arrangements need to incorporate both an identity principle to motivate, identify and provide political community and a working regime to manage ethnic relations. Most writing to date has focused on the causes and processes going into the conflict; more attention needs to be directed toward getting out of it.
Substrate Condition and Metrology Considerations in Poly Gate Doping Implants

The evolution from planar to 3D structures in advanced memory devices has resulted in semiconductor equipment manufacturers facing unprecedented challenges in delivering products that can demonstrate simultaneous compliance to the productivity, reliability and process requirements of their customers. In the field of ion implantation, these challenges are driven by: (i) the increasing prevalence of hard mask and removal of PR stripping process and (ii) the transition from the use of implants in dopant application to that of materials modification. These have resulted in large reductions in both the particle size and number density that can be tolerated from implant steps.One area where these issues have proven challenging is that of contact engineering. Low energy phosphorus implants are used to improve the contact resistivity of poly Si contact. This is critical for the read/write time of the storage node capacitor in DRAM operation. As devices shrink further, the thickness of the poly gate in the peripheral transistors become as low as a few hundred A. This results in a phosphorus implant requirement of ~1keV. Depletion in the poly Si gate requires a few keV implant energy for poly doping for both NMOS and PMOS. In order to maintain proper gate operation, gate doping requires around E15 doses. This places a large amount of implanted phosphorus at or near the surface of the wafer.In this paper, a phenomenon is described where the magnitude of surface particles arising from phosphorus implants is a function of the reaction between implanted phosphorus and ambient atmosphere. Using SEM/EDX, spatial and morphological descriptors of the defect types arising from these reactions have been classified. The implications of these results will be discussed from both a process perspective, in terms of accumulated dose and implant energy, and a time-based effect whereby defects grow over time both in number and size. Mitigation paths for particle metrology are proposed, and guidelines for Fab operators in terms of material storage and particle monitoring protocols described, in particular the criticality of time to measurement and maximum implanted dose.
Salvage Therapy Using Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Derivatives or Single Agent Chemotherapy.

Despite therapy with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, roughly 50% of patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer will recur. Although cystectomy is the oncologic gold standard in BCG unresponsive disease, salvage intravesical therapies are valuable treatment options that aim to preserve quality of life while decreasing the risk of cancer recurrence and progression. Single-agent intravesical chemotherapy has been a mainstay salvage treatment and foundational to future trials of combination therapy. Treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin derivative therapies has shown promise with response rates comparable with those of single agent chemotherapy and may warrant further investigation in the continued climate of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin shortages.
Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.)

Management of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) necessitates the use of multiple control techniques. In addition to synthetic pesticides and mechanical interventions, plant-derived essential oils represent one of the control options. Mixtures of two or more essential oil components (monoterpenoids) exhibit synergistic toxicity effects against insects due to increased cuticular penetration. Monoterpenoids, such as carvacrol, eugenol and thymol, are neurologically active and inhibit the nerve firing activity of C. lectularius. However, the effects of mixtures of these monoterpenoids on their toxicity and neuroinhibitory potential against C. lectularius are not known. In this study, the toxicity levels of a tertiary mixture of carvacrol, eugenol and thymol (1:1:1 ratio) and a binary mixture of synthetic insecticides, bifenthrin and imidacloprid (1:1 ratio) were evaluated against C. lectularius through topical bioassays and electrophysiology experiments. Both a mixture of monoterpenoids and the mixture of synthetic insecticides exhibited synergistic effects in topical bioassays. In electrophysiology experiments, the monoterpenoid mixture led to greater neuroinhibitory effects, whereas a mixture of synthetic insecticides caused higher neuroexcitatory effects in comparison to single compounds. This study shows evidence for neurological mechanisms of synergistic interactions between monoterpenoids and provides information regarding the utilization of natural compound mixtures for C. lectularius management.
NASA NeMO-Net's Convolutional Neural Network: Mapping Marine Habitats with Spectrally Heterogeneous Remote Sensing Imagery

Recent advances in machine learning and computer vision have enabled increased automation in benthic habitat mapping through airborne and satellite remote sensing. Here, we applied deep learning and neural network architectures in NASA NeMO-Net, a novel neural multimodal observation and training network for global habitat mapping of shallow benthic tropical marine systems. These ecosystems, particularly coral reefs, are undergoing rapid changes as a result of increasing ocean temperatures, acidification, and pollution, among other stressors. Remote sensing from air and space has been the primary method in which changes are assessed within these important, often remote, ecosystems at a global scale. However, such global datasets often suffer from large spectral variances due to the time of observation, atmospheric effects, water column properties, and heterogeneous instruments and calibrations. To address these challenges, we developed an object-based fully convolutional network (FCN) to improve upon the spatial-spectral classification problem inherent in multimodal datasets. We showed that with training upon augmented data in conjunction with classical methods, such as K-nearest neighbors, we were able to achieve better overall classification and segmentation results. This suggests FCNs are able to effectively identify the relative applicable spectral and spatial spaces within an image, whereas pixel-based classical methods excel at classification within those identified spaces. Our spectrally invariant results, based on minimally preprocessed WorldView-2 and Planet satellite imagery, show a total accuracy of approximately 85% and 80%, respectively, over nine classes when trained and tested upon a chain of Fijian islands imaged under highly variable day-to-day spectral inputs.
Batten Down the Hatches! Collection Management in Rough Seas

Rising rates in publishing combined with flat funding can make it challenging to maintain the library’s collection within an academic library. Add in university-wide funding reductions, and librari...
Pinning Despair and Distress - Suicide-Related Content on Visual Social Media Platform Pinterest.

Abstract. Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that an individual dies by suicide every 40 s. Aim: Our aim was to analyze how suicide is portrayed on the visual social media pl...