cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and symptom distinguishability of generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

In light of recent observations (e.g., DSM-IV Task Force) of apparent similarities between features of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly chronic worry and obsessions, the present study examined the extent to which the two disorders were distinguishable at the diagnostic level and by self-report questionnaires. Subjects were 46 patients with GAD and 31 patients with OCD diagnosed via the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R). Of 41 patients who received two independent ADIS-Rs, in no instance did one interviewer assign a principal diagnosis of GAD and the other, OCD. Furthermore, analyses of diagnostic comorbidity indicated that GAD and OCD infrequently co-occurred. Patients with GAD and patients with OCD were reliably distinguished by ADIS-R screening items and self-report measures of the essential features of each disorder (e.g., presence of uncontrollable worry, obsessions), but did not differ on associated features (e.g., anxiety, depression). Correlational analyses using a large sample (N=533) revealed that, despite having reliable shared variance, measures of worry and obsessions evidenced considerable differentiation as well.
Effect of orbital‐scale climate cycling and meltwater drainage on ice sheet grounding line migration

[1] Ice shelf response to climate cycling introduces hysteretic behavior in outlet glaciers, with the evolution of meltwater drainage networks enhancing this effect. The 2002 collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf (one of the floating extensions formed from glaciers flowing off the Antarctic Peninsula into the Weddell Sea) followed the development of widespread, poorly drained surface melt ponds during the atypical warmth of the 2001–2002 summer melt season. Yet, for at least the past half century, the floating termini of outlet glaciers in Greenland did not collapse despite being exposed to summer mean temperatures and melt rates that far exceed those recorded in 2001–2002 on the Antarctic Peninsula. We suggest that this paradox can be explained by the advection of well-developed englacial drainage networks within Greenland's extensive ablation zone. The efficiency of this plumbing system limits meltwater ponding within crevasses and the subsequent ice shelf failure observed on the Antarctic Peninsula. Whether progressive or abrupt, ice shelf removal leads to near-synchronous glacier retreat. Conversely, glaciation of fjords is delayed during ice shelf formation. Ultimately, the relatively rapid loss and gradual establishment of ice shelf buttressing amid climate cycling leads to an asymmetric response in outlet glacier dynamics. This asymmetry may have implications for the future of existing and recently calved ice shelves, eustatic sea level, and the hysteretic behavior of ice sheets.
The Nature of Mousterian Facies in Cantabrian Spain1

ITHIC assemblages from the early WUirm glacial period in Europe, the Near East, and North Africa are customarily assigned to the Mousterian complex of industries. For some time it has been realized that this complex is not internally homogeneous. Analysis of Mousterian stone tool assemblages by means of the systematic typology developed by Frangois Bordes (1961) and application of his graphic method of comparing percentage representation of stone tool types in distinct assemblages has shown that the complex is internally divisible into a number of meaningful and largely nontemporal subgroups or facies (Bordes 1953a; 1953b; 1963; Bordes and Bourgon 1951). At present, these methods have not been widely applied outside of France, but research towards this end is now being undertaken with materials from Central Europe, Southeastern Spain, the Near East, and North Africa, as well as the area treated in this paper. Although such facies probably will be demonstrated to exist outside the areas in which these techniques have been applied, proof of their existence and resultant inferences concerning areal interrelationships and peculiarities are not possible at present, since the data have not been studied in comparable fashion. Even where the existence of such facies has been demonstrated, analysis to the present time has been largely concentrated on the classification of stone artifacts and the assignment of assemblages to the appropriate Mousterian industrial facies, while little concern has been shown for the elucidation of the nature of the facies themselves. By and large, most statements about the nature of these subgroups have been based on more or less informed opinion, and no real attempt has been made to analyse the causes for facies differences in any systematic fashion. This paper reports the results of a study undertaken with museum collections totaling nearly 15,000 stone artifacts from 15 Mousterian levels at 12 cave sites in Spanish Cantabria. Nearly 1,000 more artifacts from five levels at Abri Olha (Basses Pyrenees, France) were also examined since some of these levels contain unifacial flake cleavers (Passemard 1936) similar to those from some Cantabrian collections. (Bordes [1953a: 463-4] has suggested the creation of a distinct facies, the Vasconian, for Mousterian assemblages with cleaverflakes. However, recognition of a new facies should be based on the overall similarity of collections assignable thereto, and the distinctness of included assemblages from assemblages pertaining to other facies. Since some cleaverflake-bearing collections I examined are otherwise recognizably very similar to
Transverse honeycomb composite transducers

Composites with 3-1 connectivity were fabricated by impregnating an extruded, sintered honeycomb configuration of PZT with epoxy. The composites had lower density (≈ 3000 Kg/m3) and lower dielectric constant (≈ 400) than that of solid PZT. The maximum piezoelectric d33 coefficient of the composites was 350 pC/N, and the maximum hydrostatic dh 220 pC/N. ḡh and dhḡh of the composites were an order of magnitude higher than that of solid PZT. Considering the symmetry and phase connectivity of the individual phases in the composite, an explanation is given for the improved piezoelectric properties of the composites.
MAGNETIC IRREVERSIBLE SOLUTION OF THE GINZBURG--LANDAU EQUATIONS.

A Hamiltonian H(Γ) applicable to cuprate HTS, with a doping dependent pairing interaction Γ(x) = V (x) + U(x), is linked to a Cu3d-O2p state probability model(SPM). A consequence of doping induced electron hopping, the SPM mandates that plaquettes with net charge and spin form in the CuO plane, establishing an effective spin-singlet exchange interaction U(x). The U(x) is determined from a set of probability functions that characterize the occupation of the single particle states. An exact treatment of the average static fluctuation part of H shows that diagonal matrix elements Ukk < 0 produce very effective pairing, with significant deviation from the mean field approximation, which also depends on a phonon-mediated interaction V . This deviation is primarily responsible for the diverse set of HTS properties. The SC phase transition boundary TC(x), the SC gap ∆(x), and the pseudogap ∆pg(x) are fundamentally related. Predictions are in excellent agreement with experiment, and a new class of HTS materials is proposed. Large static fluctuation results in extreme HTS and quantum criticality. PACS numbers:74.20.Fg, 74.20.Mn, 74.25.-q, 74.10.+v, 74.62.-c, 74.72.-h
Concordance of Helicobacter pylori infection among children in extended-family homes.

Helicobacter pylori is transmitted within households and high concordance is observed among siblings. To better understand the contributions of close interpersonal contact and family relatedness to transmission, we compared concordance of H. pylori infection among 241 sibling and non-sibling children aged 2–18 years in 68, predominantly low-income, Hispanic households with at least two nuclear families. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 24%. Compared to children with no infected siblings or non-siblings and adjusting for age, odds of H. pylori infection were 1·2 (95% CI 0·52–2·9), 3·2 (95% CI 1·14–9·1), and 9·4 (95% CI 3·1–28·5) for children residing with at least one infected non-sibling, one infected sibling, and with at least one infected sibling and non-sibling, respectively. The study further implicates intersibling transmission as a pathway for H. pylori infection in childhood. In addition, living with a non-sibling in extended-family homes may contribute to infection risk but only in households with prevalent H. pylori infection within all family groups.
Cholesterol is a Determinant of the Structures of Discoidal High Density Lipoproteins Formed by the Solubilization of Phospholipid Membranes by Apolipoprotein A-I

Abstract Formation of discoidal high density lipoproteins (rHDL) by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mediated solubilization of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) multilamellar vesicles (MLV) was dramatically affected by bilayer cholesterol concentration. At a low ratio of DMPC/apoA-I (2 mg DMPC/mg apoA-I, 84/1 mol/mol), sterols (cholesterol, lathosterol, and β-sitosterol) that form ordered lipid phases increase the rate of solubilization similarly, yielding rHDL with similar structures. By changing the temperature and sterol concentration, the rates of solubilization varied almost 3 orders of magnitude; however, the sizes of the rHDL were independent of the rate of their formation and dependent upon the bilayer sterol concentration. At a high ratio of DMPC/apoA-I (10/1 mg DMPC/mg apoA-I, 420/1 mol/mol), changing the temperature and cholesterol concentration yielded rHDL that varied greatly in size, phospholipid/protein ratio, mol% cholesterol, and number of apoA-I molecules per particle. rHDL were isolated that had 2, 4, 6, and 8 molecules of apoA-I per particle, mean diameters of 117, 200, 303, and 396 A, and a mol% cholesterol that was similar to the original MLV. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the different sized rHDL are formed independently and concurrently. The rate of formation, lipid composition, and three-dimensional structures of cholesterol-rich rHDL is dictated primarily by the original membrane phase properties and cholesterol content. The size speciation of rHDL and probably nascent HDL formed via the activity of the ABCA1 lipid transporter is mechanistically linked to the cholesterol content of the membranes from which they were formed.
The effect of composition and cooling rate on the structure of rapidly solidified (Fe, Ni)3Al-C alloy

The quench rate-metastable structure dependence in the Fe-20Ni-8Al-2C wt pct alloy has been experimentally studied. The nonequilibrium gamma-prime and gamma phases were noted in foils 65-100 microns thick, while at higher quench rates (thinner samples) the matrix was found to be in a disordered fcc gamma phase with kappa carbide precipitates. With the addition of silicon to the alloys, the nonequilibrium gamma-prime and gamma structures are observed at higher cooling rates.
Strong np-hardness of moving many discs

Le probleme de calcul du mouvement de gestion pour un systeme robotise simple a ete etudie plus recemment a partir d'un point de vue algorithmique. Le but de cet article est de montrer que le «probleme de nombreux disques» est NP-dur au sens fort
Cognitive task analysis of a complex work domain: a case study

Conducting an analysis of a work domain is a necessary prerequisite for making sound and effective human factors design recommendations. There are several properties of complex work domains which put very strong requirements on the type of analysis methods which can be meaningfully used. Traditional task analysis methods based on observable actions are no longer appropriate. In this paper, we describe a set of methods that we have adopted and have found to be useful in conducting a cognitive task analysis of a complex work domain. From our experience with this particular case study, we have found that it is necessary to adopt a variety of different methods to examine a particular work domain, and use the converging evidence from these several methods to attain a final, comprehensive understanding of that domain.
Missing Developmental Perspectives in Moral Education

Abstract Three developmental perspectives complementary to Kohlberg's cognitive theory of moral development are addressed: (a) further delineations in the stage development of young children, (b) content that includes caring and responsibility for others, and (c) links to moral behavior. The work of Damon, Selman, Gilligan, and research on prosocial education is explained in light of their contributions to a more comprehensive view of moral development. Implications of this research for moral education are discussed, and a comprehensive model for moral education research is proposed.
A foreign language test construction system

The Foreign Language Test Construction System aids the foreign language instructor in preparing examinations. The system interprets a test outline created by the instructor and produces one of several possible examinations. Any particular outline generates a variety of syntactically equivalent examinations allowing the instructor to administer multiple versions of the same test. The concept of creating a test outline reduces the amount of memory or disk space needed to store a test.The menu-driven system allows an instructor not familiar with computers to create examinations with minimal effort. The instructor simply follows the directions on the computer monitor and types the questions into the computer according to a previously specified format. The system stores a list of possible verbs and several classifications of nouns (countries, names, seasons). The system chooses words from this list according to the outline created by the instructor producing an almost limitless variety of equivalent examinations.
scientific research groups, digital libraries, & education: metadata from nanoscale simulation code

The NSDL Materials Digital Library Pathway (MatDL) is working with materials scientists to capture, in Dublin Core XML format, optimal description of nanoscale computer simulation output as research codes are executed. The long term goal of the work is to enable users, such as research groups and students, to efficiently and effectively manage their results for internal use, for exchange with outside collaborators, for use in educational settings, and for submissions to digital libraries.
Benjamin Franklin : his life as he wrote it

Discover Benjamin Franklin -- scientist, inventor, writer, and politician -- through the words of the elder statesman himself and the perceptions of his friends and family.With writings from Franklin's wife and son -- as well as his own essays and letters -- this remarkable book paints an intimate, revealing portrait of a truly extraordinary man.
Abstract P5-04-16: Extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) knockdown alters cellular characteristics, CD44 expression and other metastasis associated genes in breast cancer cells

Introduction: ECM1 is known to be over-expressed in multiple tumor cell lines and primary tumors, including breast cancers. ECM1 overexpression is also an independent predictor of poor prognosis in primary breast carcinomas. While similar associations have also been reported in other tumors, the mechanisms by which ECM1 affects prognosis have not been elucidated. Methods: ECM1 was silenced in the Hs578t and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines using siRNA. The cells were evaluated for morphological changes, migration (wound-healing assay, TScratch program), matrigel invasion and cell attachment. Real Time RT-PCR using a 94-geneTumor Metastasis Array (TaqMan), was performed to assess the effects of ECM1 downregulation on in Hs578t cells. Alterations in RNA expression were validated at the protein level using western blots. Differences between groups were evaluated using the student9s t-test and p Results: ECM1 silenced cells demonstrated altered morphology with a more elongated appearance to the cells, when compared those transfected with non-targeting siRNA. Reduced cell migration was noted for both silenced Hs578t and MB231 cell lines (both p Conclusion: ECM1 appears to be involved in maintenance of tumor cell shape, migration, invasion and attachment properties in the cell lines tested, and also affects expression of CD44 protein, a known tumor prognostic factor. ECM1 may be a key molecule affecting tumor progression and metastasis, which is a complex process involving these components. Our findings suggest mechanisms by which ECM1 overexpression may affect tumor prognosis. Further work is needed to evaluate if altering ECM1 expression may be a novel therapeutic option for these tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-04-16.
Search for I = 2 multipion resonances

Abstract We have performed a search for I = 2 multipion resonances in reactions of the type π − d → pp + x −− at an incident π − momentum of 7 GeV/ c . We found no evidence for the existence of resonance-like states in the x −− system, and consequently present upper limits for the production of such resonances in these reactions.
Splitting of the dispersion relation of surface plasmons on a rough self-affine fractal surface.

The surface-plasmon dispersion relation for a statistically rough surface can display a splitting under specific conditions. Calculations of the dispersion-relation splitting are performed in terms of a correlation model for self-affine fractal rough surfaces with analytic form of the associated roughness spectrum, G(K)\ensuremath{\propto}(1+${\mathit{aK}}^{2}$${\ensuremath{\xi}}^{2}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{H}}$. The dependence of the splitting on the roughness exponent H is investigated.
The Sound Field In Fully Developed Turbulent Pipe Flow Due To Internal Flow Separation, Part 2: Modal Amplitude And Cut-off Frequencies

Abstract Serious flow-noise problems arise when fully developed turbulent pipe flow is disturbed by an orifice plate. The disturbed flow generates an intense internal sound field, comprising plane and higher order modes, which propagates throughout the piping system and excites pipe wall vibration. Detailed measurements of the wall pressure fluctuations in the initially disturbed flow, the separated and reattachment regions, and in the re-established fully developed flow, have been reported by Agarwal [1]. For the same flow, measurements of the streamwise variation of the modal cut-off frequencies and modal amplitudes with flow rate, for a range of orifice sizes and flow speeds are presented in this paper. Results indicate that the region of the flow upstream and downstream of the disturbance appear to behave as if they are acoustically independent. The cut-off frequency and attenuation rate of acoustic modes propagating in the flow upstream of the disturbance are significantly different from those of modes propagating in the flow downstream.
High performance AIAs/Ga x In 1–x As resonant tunneling diodes by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

We report on AlAs/GaxJn1−xAs (x = 0.47) quantum well heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on InP substrates. Heterostructure quality was evaluated by high resolution x-ray diffraction for various growth conditions. Double barrier quantum well heterostructures were grown and processed into resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). Room temperature electrical measurements of the RTDs yielded maximum peak to valley current ratios of 7.7 with peak current density of 96 kA/cm2 and 11.3 with peak current density of 12 kA/cm2, for devices grown by atmospheric and low pressure MOCVD, respectively.
Neutron and gamma radiation tests of the analog devices TMP37 temperature sensors

The Analog Devices TMP37 temperature sensor is used to monitor the differences in temperature between sensors pairs in order to find the gradients in the U.S. Atlas End Cap Muon Chambers. It was chosen because of its stability, linearity, high output signal, and especially the low self-heating. We have irradiated samples of these sensors with neutrons and gamma rays. The results of these measurements are presented.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-12 in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background. Previous investigators have relied on administration of pro-inflammatory cytokines or invasive surgical procedures to reproduce the morphologic changes of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in rats. However, these artificial insults do not mimic the human disease. We developed a reproducible model of NEC in rats that more closely resembles human NEC and determined the pattern of inflammatory cytokine expression in this model. Materials and methods. Newborn rats were randomized into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were breast-fed, while Groups 3 and 4 were gavaged with formula thrice daily. In addition, Groups 2 and 4 were subjected to 3 min of hypoxia thrice daily, prior to each feeding. The rats were killed on day 4 and the distal 2 cm of terminal ileum was harvested for morphological studies and analysis of inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression. Results. Nearly 70% of formula-fed neonatal rats displayed moderate or severe morphological abnormalities resembling human NEC. Breast-fed pups had normal histology. The terminal ileum from rats with abnormal histology demonstrated increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, decreased interleukin-12 (IL-12) mRNA expression, and enterocyte apoptosis. There was a trend toward upregulation of IFN-g mRNA, but no difference in expression of TNF-a mRNA. Hypoxia did not significantly alter intestinal morphology or mRNA expression. Conclusions. Formula-fed neonatal rats, with or without hypoxia, exhibit morphological changes in the intestinal epithelium similar to those seen in patients with acute NEC. The mechanism likely involves upregulation of iNOS mRNA, enterocyte apoptosis, and decreased IL-12 production in the intestinal epithelium. This model may offer a simple reproducible method for inducing experimental NEC. © 2000 Academic Press
Theoretical implications of the CERN LEP Higgs search

We study the implications for the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) of the absence of a direct discovery of a Higgs boson at LEP. First we exhibit 15 physically different ways in which one or more Higgs bosons lighter than the LEP limit could still exist. For each of these cases\char22{}as well as the case that the lightest Higgs eigenstate is at, or slightly above, the current LEP limit\char22{}we provide explicit sample configurations of the Higgs sector as well as the soft supersymmetry breaking Lagrangian parameters necessary to generate these outcomes. We argue that all of the cases seem fine-tuned, with the least fine-tuned outcome being that with ${m}_{h}\ensuremath{\simeq}115\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$. Seeking to minimize this tuning we investigate ways in which the ``maximal-mixing'' scenario with large top-quark trilinear A-term can be obtained from simple string-inspired supergravity models. We find these obvious approaches lead to heavy gauginos and/or problematic low-energy phenomenology with minimal improvement in fine-tuning.
Avionics "backbone" interconnection for busing in the backplane: advantages of serial busing

This paper explores and explains the parameters associated with the different classes of interconnection communications required for the application of modular architectures and concepts in an avionics environment. Some of these classes require virtual connectivity. Other classes require several levels of latency and levels of priority to support the requirements. The required connectivity acknowledgments and information receipt confirmation acknowledgments necessity to support all of these classes, are discussed in detail. The abstract defends the necessity of keeping to a generic backplane architecture which will support various protocols, but is aimed in particular at a serial, fiber optic interconnection. Discussion includes advantages of this approach which allows ease of bridging to other avionics module/system racks, and interfacing through a gateway to the aircraft bus. >
Synapse-specific plasticity and compartmentalized signaling in cerebellar stellate cells

Here we demonstrate that cerebellar stellate cells diffusionally isolate synaptically evoked signals in dendrites and are capable of input-specific synaptic plasticity. Sustained activity of parallel fibers induces a form of long-term depression that requires opening of calcium (Ca(2+))-permeable AMPA-type glutamate receptors (CP-AMPARs) and signaling through class 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1) and CB1 receptors. This depression is induced by postsynaptic increases in Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]) and is limited to activated synapses. To understand how synapse-specific plasticity is induced by diffusible second messengers in aspiny dendrites, we examined diffusion of Ca(2+) and small molecules within stellate cell dendrites. Activation of a single parallel fiber opened CP-AMPARs, generating long-lived Ca(2+) transients that were confined to submicron dendritic stretches. The diffusion of Ca(2+) was severely retarded due to interactions with parvalbumin and a general restriction of small molecule mobility. Thus stellate cell dendrites spatially restrict signaling cascades that lead from CP-AMPAR activation to endocannabinoid production and trigger the selective regulation of active synapses.
Contracting Around Hall Street

This Article examines the extent to which expanded court review of arbitration awards remains available after the Supreme Court’s decision in Hall Street Associates, L.L.C. v. Mattel, Inc. - that is, whether parties can contract around Hall Street. It finds only a limited likelihood that expanded-review provisions are enforceable after Hall Street in federal court, but a greater likelihood in state court (assuming the state arbitration law permits parties to contract for expanded review). First, contract provisions limiting the arbitrators’ authority to make legal errors should permit expanded review under the FAA (in both federal court and state court), but courts since Hall Street have not been receptive to the argument. Second, under a narrow interpretation of the Supreme Court’s decision in Volt, parties are unlikely to be able to contract out of the FAA altogether. As a result, confirmation of an award in federal court under the FAA likely would preclude a court from relying on an expanded-review provision authorized by state law to vacate the award. Third, whether expanded review is available in state court depends on (1) whether state arbitration law authorizes expanded review; and (2) the scope of FAA preemption. Under at least some theories of FAA preemption, state laws authorizing expanded review would not be preempted by the FAA in state court.
Sample size formulae for intervention studies with the cluster as unit of randomization

This paper presents sample size formulae for both continuous and dichotomous endpoints obtained from intervention studies that use the cluster as the unit of randomization. The formulae provide the required number of clusters or the required number of individuals per cluster when the other number is given. The proposed formulae derive from Student's t-test with use of cluster summary measures and a variance that consists of within and between cluster components. Power contours are provided to help in the design of intervention studies that use cluster randomization. Sample size formulae for designs with and without stratification of clusters appear separately.
Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Seagrass Bed Sediments by Double-Gradient Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of PCR-Amplified 16S rRNA Genes

Bacterial communities associated with seagrass bed sediments are not well studied. The work presented here investigated several factors and their impact on bacterial community diversity, including the presence or absence of vegetation, depth into sediment, and season. Double-gradient denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DG-DGGE) was used to generate banding patterns from the amplification products of 16S rRNA genes in 1-cm sediment depth fractions. Bioinformatics software and other statistical analyses were used to generate similarity scores between sections. Jackknife analyses of these similarity coefficients were used to group banding patterns by depth into sediment, presence or absence of vegetation, and by season. The effects of season and vegetation were strong and consistent, leading to correct grouping of banding patterns. The effects of depth were not consistent enough to correctly group banding patterns using this technique. While it is not argued that bacterial communities in sediment are not influenced by depth in sediment, this study suggests that the differences are too fine and inconsistent to be resolved using 1-cm depth fractions and DG-DGGE. The effects of vegetation and season on bacterial communities in sediment were more consistent than the effects of depth in sediment, suggesting they exert stronger controls on microbial community structure.
Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine: Reversible quadraplegia resulting from Philadelphia collar placement

Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the vertebrae accounts for 4% of all osteomyelitis, and is believed to be increasing in incidence. Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical spine is even more uncommon, accounting for 10% of all spinal pyogenic osteomyelitis. Presented is a case of pyogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical spine in which appropriate methods of immobilization of the cervical spine resulted in a surgically reversible acute deterioration of the patient's neurologic status. While immobilization of the cervical spine remains the initial treatment of choice in most patients with suspected disease of the cervical spine, it is not without potential complications.
The Elephant in the Hall: Motivating the Study of Student Motivation and Self-regulation in Studies of Academic Achievement and Persistence in Higher Education

This essay proposes that much of what constitutes the quality of an institution of higher education is the quality of the students attending the institution. This quality, however, is conceptualized to extend beyond that of academic ability. Specifically, three propositions are considered. First, it is proposed that a core construct of student quality is defined in terms of student motivation and self-regulation generally, information that many institutions do not routinely collect. Second, without information on students’ motivational profiles, admissions formulas and statistical models of program evaluations are misspecified at best and run the risk of producing biased parameter estimates. In these situations, the bias is often positive and can lead educational leaders into believing that the commonly collected ability measures are more predictive of college performance and that institutional programs are more effective than they really are. This problem may not be mitigated by including demographic or socioeconomic variables. Third, institutional and program accomplishments are supervenient on student characteristics such that differences between or among institutions or programs within institutions cannot exist without differences in the characteristics of the students attending the institutions or participating in the programs. If these propositions are true, then not only are the admissions formulas and program evaluation models that exclude motivational and self-regulatory influences misspecified, but a deeper issue arises that questions the exogenous nature of institutional and program effects and thus the credibility of institutional and program accomplishments.
Time dependence of organic polymer thin film transistor current

We present results on the electrical characterization of gate-planarized organic polymer thin-film transistors (OP-TFTs). We investigated the time dependence of the OP-TFT current. Over a relatively short time range (several 100ms), we observed a decrease of the OP-TFT current corresponding to the establishment of the steady-state regime, and is slower when the transistor is in the weak accumulation regime or in the OFF-state. We believe that this is associated with carrier thermalization in the organic semiconductor. Over longer time scales, the decrease of the OP-TFT current is due to device aging and can be associated with a threshold voltage shift, up to 20V after an electrical stress at V GS =-30V for 30min at room temperature. This shift is fully reversible once the gate polarization is removed and might be associated with charge trapping in the semiconductor.
An Improved 2-DOF Proximate Time Optimal Servomechanism

The proximate time optimal servomechanism (PTOS) is a well established algorithm for the control of linear systems where control bounds and the speed of response are important. The PTOS approach modifies the time-optimal switching curve by including an unsaturated ldquoslabrdquo region that leads to a linear control regime for small errors. The control parameters are required to satisfy the continuity and the stability constraints resulting in only a single independent design parameter. In this note, the PTOS theory is reviewed and the stability conditions are derived. An improved version of the PTOS algorithm, called the MPTOS, is presented that results in a performance improvement over the original PTOS by providing two independent control parameters in the design. As a result, the system response can be shaped in a more efficient way in both continuous and discrete time domains. The stability conditions are derived for the proposed MPTOS scheme for continuous and discrete time implementations. Further extensions are discussed including a new discrete algorithm suitable for systems with slow sampling and a model reference tracking method also known as a feedforward/feedback structure for reducing the response of flexible modes. The latter method can be extended to dual actuator systems as are being introduced to the disk drive read/write head assembly fabrication and control. An approach is also presented for combining the vibration reduction filters with the model reference structure to further enhance the performance.
Functional Characterization of Src-interacting Na/K-ATPase Using RNA Interference Assay

We have shown that the Na/K-ATPase and Src form a signaling receptor complex. Here we determined how alterations in the amount and properties of the Na/K-ATPase affect basal Src activity and ouabain-induced signal transduction. Several alpha1 subunit knockdown cell lines were generated by transfecting LLC-PK1 cells with a vector expressing alpha1-specific small interference RNA. Although the alpha1 knockdown resulted in significant decreases in Na/K-ATPase activity, it increased the basal Src activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, a Src effector. Concomitantly it also abolished ouabain-induced activation of Src and ERK1/2. When the knockdown cells were rescued by a rat alpha1, both Na/K-ATPase activity and the basal Src activity were restored. In addition, ouabain was able to stimulate Src and ERK1/2 in the rescued cells at a much higher concentration, consistent with the established differences in ouabain sensitivity between pig and rat alpha1. Finally both fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that the pumping-null rat alpha1 (D371E) mutant could also bind Src. Expression of this mutant restored the basal Src activity and focal adhesion kinase tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, the new findings suggest that LLC-PK1 cells contain a pool of Src-interacting Na/K-ATPase that not only regulates Src activity but also serves as a receptor for ouabain to activate protein kinases.
Extension of Modal Pushover Analysis to Compute Member Forces

This paper extends the modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure for estimating seismic deformation demands for buildings to compute member forces. Seismic demands are computed for six buildings, eac...
Motivations for Self-Injury, Affect, and Impulsivity: A Comparison of Individuals with Current Self-Injury to Individuals with a History of Self-Injury

Individuals who report nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) are characterized by the tendency to act rashly while experiencing distress (negative urgency), the tendency to act without thinking, and endorsement of both social and affect regulation motives for the behavior. However, very little research has identified characteristics that distinguish current self-injurers from those with a history of the behavior. The purpose of this study was to compare individuals with current self-injury to a history of self-injury on impulsivity-related personality traits, motives for self-injury, and distress. Among a sample of 429 undergraduates, 120 reported self-injury. Among these 120 individuals, 33 endorsed self-injury within the past month, with a mean frequency of 4.77 acts of NSSI. Within the self-injury group, current self-injurers reported higher endorsement of affect regulation motives for NSSI, and higher levels of current negative affect than individuals with a history of self-injury. There were no differences between current and former self-injurers on measures of impulsivity, endorsement of social motives for NSSI, or positive affect. We propose that individuals who use NSSI to regulate negative affect may be more likely to repeatedly engage in this behavior over time.
Effect of a circular hole on the buckling of cylindrical shells loaded by axial compression.

An experimental and analytical investigation of the effect of a circular hole on the buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial compression was carried out. The experimental results were obtained from tests performed on seamless electroformed copper shells and Mylar shells with a lap joint seam. These results indicated that the character of the shell buckling was dependent on a parameter which is proportional to the hole radius divided by the square root of the product of the shell radius and thickness. For small values of this parameter, there was no apparent effect of the hole on the buckling load. For slightly larger values of the parameter, the shells still buckled into a general collapse configuration, but the buckling loads were sharply reduced as the parameter increased. For still larger values of the parameter, the buckling loads were further reduced, and the shells buckled into a stable local buckling configuration.
Pulmonary Embolism After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Case Presentation : A 76-year-old man developed increased fatigue during his daily 40-lap swim and daily 3-mile walk. His past medical history included use of hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. His physical examination and baseline ECG were normal. An exercise treadmill test demonstrated ischemia, and cardiac catheterization showed left main and 3-vessel obstructive coronary artery disease. Echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular function. He underwent a 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with the left internal mammary artery grafted to the left anterior descending, and separate saphenous vein grafts, harvested endoscopically from the left leg, to the obtuse marginal branch and posterior descending coronary artery. The surgery was uncomplicated, with an aortic cross clamp time of 73 minutes and cardiopulmonary bypass time of 89 minutes. On the first postoperative day, he was transferred out of the intensive care unit. By the fifth postoperative day, he was walking 100 feet steadily without use of any assist device. He was discharged home on the sixth postoperative day on enteric-coated aspirin, hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, and atorvastatin. He presented to his community hospital on the 30th postoperative day, complaining of 5 days of increasing fatigue and 1 day of markedly increased shortness of breath. The ECG showed a heart rate of 79 beats per minute and nonspecific ST and T wave abnormalities. The D-dimer level was elevated (>8000 ng/mL). Contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT) of the pulmonary arteries, including additional sections of the lower extremities, acquired during venous phase of contrast enhancement (“indirect CT venography”) showed a large bilateral central pulmonary embolism (PE) and a right leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT), without DVT in the leg from which the saphenous vein had been harvested (Figure 1). He was transferred to Brigham and Women’s Hospital for further management, where he was hospitalized for 6 days, received enoxaparin as a …
Variations in Negative Work-Family Spillover Among White, Black, and Hispanic American Men and Women Does Ethnicity Matter?

This study uses a nationally representative sample (N = 1,761) to investigate how gender differences in negative work-family spillover vary by ethnicity (Black, White, and Hispanic) and parental status. Consistent with the authors’ hypotheses, Hispanics displayed a greater gender disparity in negative family-to-work spillover and negative work-to-family spillover than Blacks and Whites, even when controlling for gender-role attitudes. The authors also found that the relationship between ethnicity and gender on work-family spillover varied by parental status. The authors propose that the observed gender and ethnicity interactions are because of gender role and acculturation differences in the work experiences of Hispanic, Black, and White women.
Charismatic History: Pros and Cons

This comment on the whole agrees with Eric Arnesen's critique of the whiteness historical scholarship. It suggests, however, that Arnesen insufficiently credits David R. Roediger's The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class (New York, 1991) for its achievement as a kind of charismatic history and insufficiently distinguishes between Roediger's book and the work of his emulators. The latter are the source of the multiple meanings of whiteness that Arnesen rightly criticizes, and likewise for the hardening of Roediger's suggestive notions about “becoming white” into a new dogma of American immigration history. This comment concludes by noting that in his book Roediger neglected the language of whiteness and suggests that by attending to that question he would find a response to Arnesen's pessimism over the usefulness of whiteness as an analytical concept.
Development of Codominant Follicles in Cattle Is Associated with a Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Dependent Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 Protease

Low molecular weight insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), particularly IGFBP-4, are believed to inhibit the actions of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). We showed previously that ovarian follicular dominance in cattle is associated with the presence of a protease that degrades IGFBP-4. To test the hypothesis that specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis is associated with selection of the dominant follicle, we induced codominant follicles (co-DFs) during the first follicular wave of the estrous cycle. The ovaries of Holstein heifers were examined twice daily by ultrasonography; when the largest follicle reached 6 mm in diameter, saline (control, n = 5) or 2 mg of recombinant bovine (rb) FSH (FSH, n = 5) was injected i.m. every 12 h for 48 h. Follicular fluid was collected by aspiration from the two largest follicles/heifer 12 h after the last injection. IGFBPs in follicular fluid were quantified by Western ligand blotting/phosphorimaging. IGFBP-4 protease activity was measured by incubating follicular fluid with recombinant human (rh) IGFBP-4 substrate, followed by ligand blotting/phosphorimaging to quantify the percent of substrate loss and Western immunoblotting to detect specific proteolytic fragments. Co-DFs of FSH heifers did not differ (P > 0.05) from the single dominant follicle of controls in size, or in concentration of progesterone or level of IGFBP-4 in follicular fluid. In contrast, the largest subordinate follicle of control heifers was smaller, with lower progesterone and higher IGFBP-4 in the follicular fluid (P 0.05) to that of dominant follicles, but fourfold higher (P < 0.05) than that of subordinate follicles. The results strongly suggest that an FSH-dependent IGFBP-4 protease is associated with selection of the dominant follicle in cattle.
Intrasectoral zoning of proteins and nucleotides in simple crystalline hosts

Oriented gases of biopolymers in simple, single crystal hosts might be used to measure anisotropic molecular properties of analytes that could not otherwise be crystallized. Here we show two types of crystals as examples of the single crystal matrix isolation of biopolymers: green fluorescent protein in α-lactose monohydrate as a model system for studying the kinetic stabilization of biopharmaceuticals, and adenosine phosphates in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a first step in the matrix isolation of oligonucleotides. In each case, the hosts undergo compositional zoning – both intersectoral and intrasectoral – during growth from solution. Intrasectoral zoning is evident by the selective luminescence of adjacent vicinal slopes of growth active hillocks. Nucleotides furthermore distinguish between symmetry related growth sectors enantioselectively.
Sintering behavior of nanophase MoSi2 with and without a ZrO2 additive

It has been shown that sintering temperature can be lowered and the density, hardness, and toughness of MoSi{sub 2} raised by using nanophase MoSi{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2} additives. A minimum hot-pressing temperature of 1350h{degree}C is needed for complete densification without a significant increase in grain size. {copyright} {ital 1999 Materials Research Society.}
Parker chainless challenge 2012 drivetrain

II TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF FIGURES IV INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND 1 RELEVANT RULES 1 RESEARCH 2 CUSTOMER FEEDBACK AND OBJECTIVES 5 SURVEY 5 PRODUCT FEATURES AND OBJECTIVES 5 DESIGN 8 DESIGN CONCEPTS 8 COMPONENT SELECTION 9 BUILDING AND TESTING 11 PROJECT MANGAGEMENT 13 SCHEDULE 13 BUDGET 15 CONCLUSIONS 18 REFERENCES 19 APPENDIX A RESEARCH A1 APPENDIX B SURVEY B1 APPENDIX C PRODUCT OBJECTIVES C1 APPENDIX D QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT D1 APPENDIX E SCHEDULE E1 APPENDIX F BUDGET F1 APPENDIX G CALCULATIONS G1 APPENDIX I – DRAWINGS H1
Biotypes J and L of the Hessian Fly Discovered in an Indiana Wheat Field

Biotypes J and L of Mayetiola destructor (Say) were discovered in a field of ‘Arthur 71’ wheat in Randolph County, Indiana, in 1978. Neither biotype had been previously found in the wild; however, Biotype L had been selected in the laboratory. These 2 new biotypes can infest wheats having the H5 gene for resistance, heretofore resistant to all known Hessian fly biotypes. Biotypes B and D also were found but at a lesser frequency than biotypes J and L. With increased hectarage grown to wheats such as Arthur 71 having the H5 gene for resistance, the frequency of new biotypes that infest wheat with this source of resistance is expected to increase. Sixty-nine % of all larvae found on plants exhibiting a resistant reaction were alive even though the plants appeared healthy; therefore, plant stunting does not seem to be a prerequisite for larval survival.
Biomass and Natural Gas to Liquid Transportation Fuels: Process Synthesis, Global Optimization, and Topology Analysis

An optimization-based process synthesis framework is proposed for the thermochemical conversion of biomass and natural gas to liquid fuels (BGTL). Hydrocarbons are produced from synthesis gas either directly via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis or indirectly via catalytic conversion of methanol over ZSM-5. Different conversion technologies are investigated to examine their economic effects on BGTL refineries that produce gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. The process synthesis framework includes simultaneous heat, power, and water integration and utilizes a rigorous deterministic global optimization strategy to mathematically guarantee the minimal cost of the BGTL refineries. The refineries have at least 50% less life-cycle CO2 emissions than a standard petroleum-based refinery. Forty-eight case studies are presented to determine the effect of refinery capacity, liquid fuel composition, and biomass feedstock on the overall cost, topological design, material/energy balances, and life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions. ...