cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expediting the transition from replacement medicine to tissue engineering

In this article, an expansive interpretation of "Tissue Engineering" is proposed which is in congruence with classical and recent published definitions. I further simplify the definition of tissue engineering as: "Exerting systematic control of the body's cells, matrices and fluids." As a consequence, many medical therapies not commonly considered tissue engineering are placed in this category because of their effect on the body's responses. While the progress of tissue engineering strategies is inexorable and generally positive, it has been subject to setbacks as have many important medical therapies. Medical practice is currently undergoing a transition on several fronts (academics, start-up companies, going concerns) from the era of "replacement medicine" where body parts and functions are replaced by mechanical, electrical or chemical therapies to the era of tissue engineering where health is restored by regeneration generation or limitation of the body's tissues and functions by exploiting our expanding knowledge of the body's biological processes to produce natural, healthy outcomes.
Metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-effect Transistors using Single ZnO Nanowire

Single ZnO nanowire metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) were fabricated using nanowires grown by site selective Molecular Beam Epitaxy. When measured in the dark at 25°C, the depletion-mode transistors exhibit good saturation behavior, a threshold voltage of ∼-3V and a maximum transconductance of order 0.3 mS/mm. Under ultra-violet (366nm) illumination, the drain-source current increase by approximately a factor of 5 and the maximum transconductance is ∼ 5 mS/mm. The channel mobility is estimated to be ∼3 cm2 /V.s, which is comparable to that reported for thin film ZnO enhancement mode MOSFETs and the on/off ratio was ∼25 in the dark and ∼125 under UV illumination.
Cold War Reduction: The Principle of the Swiss Bunker Fantasy

The bunkerization of Europe is a Cold War story that has continued to resonate into the 21st century through foreign policy, the built environment, and cultural traces both material and imaginary. This essay explores the physical, ideological, and cultural bunkerization of Switzerland, one of the most heavily fortified countries in the world, through its military and civil defense history, the spatial manifestations of that history, and the cultural responses to these manifestations during and after the Cold War. The essay compares the unusually democratic process of the Swiss civil defense infrastructure and its ramifications for thinking about the spatial legacy of the Cold War with the bunker fantasy in the United States and the rest of Europe.
The intervention model of men who have sex with men in Nanjing QinHuai district

Objective To explore the models of prevention to HIV/AIDS high-risk behavior among the men who have sex with men(MSM) in the entertainment focus areas.Methods The protocol was supported by the local government,cooperated closely by the non-governmental organizations(ngos) such as the medical institution and the caring group for the HIV infections.From 2008 to 2011,the intervention among MSM group was carried out actively by the Center for Disease Control(CDC) of Qinhuai District.We provided convenient services by setting up consultative and examine sites in the entertainment focus areas and employed partner team launching widely prevention information.Results This group had HIV high rate(9.5% to 12.86%),high awareness(94.53% to 94.82%) and high risk behavior.The intervention mode has been set up which including the supports from government,the role of companion,the technical services provided from CDC and the supports from medical institution social group.Conclusion This intervention model in the MSM place was playing an important role in early case detection and control of the AIDS further proliferation.
New Hinged Silicone Penile Implant

A new paired hinged silicone prosthesis is described. The hinge allows the penis to move freely and hang in a dependent position without constrictive clothing and permits satisfactory coitus. A conical tip more nearly conforms to the distal corpus and the proximal end may be trimmed during the operation to fit the individual patient.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Insulin Resistance

Results from published studies regarding the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake on insulin resistance (IR) in human subjects have been reviewed. Evidence has been gathered from epidemiological, cross-sectional, and intervention studies. Increased intake of trans fatty acids (TFA) increased IR while the effects of n -6 and n -3 PUFA varied. The results from studies with TFA, n -6 PUFA, and n -3 PUFA in diabetic subjects are only summarized and the results from intervention studies with n -3 PUFA in nondiabetic subjects are discussed in detail. Eight out of 18 published intervention studies indicated a decrease in IR with increased n -3 PUFA intake, while 8 showed no change, and two found a deterioration of IR after n -3 PUFA. The reasons for the inconsistencies between the results from different studies are also discussed.
Implications of Politeness and Culture

Communication plays a crucial role in human life, and politeness is an important part of speech communication. Therefore, politeness has received much scholarly attention, and many theories of politeness have been developed. Among them, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory stands out and has been widely cited because of its formularization of the relationship between social factors (distance, power, and task imposition) and politeness weightiness perception, and its potentially universal applicability. In fact, Brown and Levinson were the first to attempt to describe a politeness theory in mathematical form.
The Associations Between Dispositional Mindfulness, Sense of Control, and Affect in a National Sample of Adults

Objectives The present study examined factors associated with better affective experiences across the life span, extending existing research to older adults. Specifically, we investigated dispositional mindfulness and sense of control as predictors of affect and sense of control as a potential mediator of the mindfulness-affect associations. Method We hypothesized that dispositional mindfulness mediated by sense of control would predict affective outcomes. An archival analysis of a sample of 4,962 adults, aged 28 to 84 years, was conducted using the Midlife in the U.S. national survey (MIDUS-II). Exploratory analyses were conducted with age as a moderator in all associations. Results Greater dispositional mindfulness predicted more positive and negative affect irrespective of age. Dispositional mindfulness did not predict sense of control. Greater sense of control predicted more positive and less negative affect, and these associations were significantly moderated by age. Sense of control did not mediate the dispositional mindfulness-affect associations. Discussion The present study extends existing research on the dispositional mindfulness-positive affect association to older ages. The sense of control and positive and negative affect associations are enhanced and buffered, respectively, at older ages, indicating that the association between control and affect differs by age.
2-26 GHz MMIC frequency converter

A 2-26-GHz frequency down-converter has been integrated onto a single GaAs MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) chip. The chip includes a distributed dual-gate FET mixer, an elliptic IF filter and a single stage IF amplifier. The reported circuit down-converts 2-to-26-GHz signals to a 400-MHz-to-2.5-GHz IF signals with 10-dB conversion gain using a 12-dBM LO (local oscillator) drive. The measured LO-to-IF and RF-to-IF isolation is better than 20 dB from 4 to 26 GHz. The LO to RF isolation is 35 dB from 2 to 12 GHz and better than 24 dB up to 26 GHz. It is concluded that the circuit demonstrates the exceptional bandwidth capabilities of the distributed mixer topology and a high level of component integration. >
The factors affecting the persistence of Latina faculty: A literature review using the intersectionality of race, gender, and class

This literature review explores the state of research on the factors affecting the persistence of Latina faculty. Although its focus is on engineering, it also draws from research on Latina faculty in other areas of science. The results are analyzed through Intersectionality Theory, which considers overlapping identities related to gender, race and class and their interactions to promote or hinder the advancements of Latinas in academia. The synthesized research identifies the influence of factors such as group identity, familismo, value of community, resilience, availability of role models and mentors, financial barriers, as factors most affecting Latina faculty during their education and academic careers. Although current literature explores factors and paradoxes surrounding strategies for and barriers to Latina success in STEM careers, this synthesis finds a lack of literature examining the multiple identities of Latina women, and few reports considering the intersectionality of identities as it pertains to Latina underrepresentation in Engineering. This critical literature review concludes with opportunity areas for future research to be conducted.
Targeting CD133 improves chemotherapeutic efficacy of recurrent pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma following prolonged chemotherapy

Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are the most common pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. In the majority of cases these tumors are benign and receive favorable prognosis following gross total surgical resection. In patients with progressive or symptomatic tumors, aggressive surgical resection is generally not feasible, thus radiation or chemotherapy are accepted initial or adjuvant interventions. Due to serious long-lasting side-effects, radiation is limited in young children; therefore, chemotherapy is widely practiced as an adjuvant treatment for these patients. However, chemotherapy can promote the emergence of multidrug resistant tumor cells that are more malignant than those of the original tumor. CD133, a putative stem cell marker in normal tissue and malignant brain tumors, enhances multidrug resistant gene 1 (MDR1) expression following chemotherapy in adult malignant glioblastomas. This study examines the relationship between CD133 and MDR1 in pediatric PAs exposed to chemotherapy, with the goal of identifying therapeutic targets that manifest as a result of chemotherapy. Slides were obtained for 15 recurrent PAs, seven of which had received chemotherapy prior to surgical treatment for the recurrent tumor. These samples, as well as primary tumor tissue slides from the same patients were used to investigate CD133 and MDR1 expression via immunofluorescence. Archived frozen tissue samples from the same patients were used to examine CD133, MDR1 and PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling mediators, via western blot. Two drug resistant pediatric PA cell lines Res186 and Res199 were also used to evaluate the role of CD133 on cell response to cytotoxic therapy. CD133 and MDR1 were co-expressed and their expression was elevated in recurrent PAs from patients that had received chemotherapy, compared to patients that had not received chemotherapy. PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling mediator expression was also elevated in recurrent, chemotherapy-treated PA. Suppressing CD133 expression with siCD133 decreased levels of PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling mediators and MDR1, while increasing cell chemosensitivity, as indicated by quantification of apoptotic cells following chemotherapy. CD133 contributes to multidrug resistance by regulating MDR1 levels via the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signal pathway not only in adult glioblastomas, but also in pediatric PAs. Targeting CD133, adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy may improve outcomes for children with recurrent PA.
Analysis of the time and workers needed to conduct systematic reviews of medical interventions using data from the PROSPERO registry

Objectives To summarise logistical aspects of recently completed systematic reviews that were registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registry to quantify the time and resources required to complete such projects. Design Meta-analysis. Data sources and study selection All of the 195 registered and completed reviews (status from the PROSPERO registry) with associated publications at the time of our search (1 July 2014). Data extraction All authors extracted data using registry entries and publication information related to the data sources used, the number of initially retrieved citations, the final number of included studies, the time between registration date to publication date and number of authors involved for completion of each publication. Information related to funding and geographical location was also recorded when reported. Results The mean estimated time to complete the project and publish the review was 67.3 weeks (IQR=42). The number of studies found in the literature searches ranged from 27 to 92 020; the mean yield rate of included studies was 2.94% (IQR=2.5); and the mean number of authors per review was 5, SD=3. Funded reviews took significantly longer to complete and publish (mean=42 vs 26 weeks) and involved more authors and team members (mean=6.8 vs 4.8 people) than those that did not report funding (both p Conclusions Systematic reviews presently take much time and require large amounts of human resources. In the light of the ever-increasing volume of published studies, application of existing computing and informatics technology should be applied to decrease this time and resource burden. We discuss recently published guidelines that provide a framework to make finding and accessing relevant literature less burdensome.
Life Cycle Analysis—Strengths and Limitations of LCA

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is the technical “cradle-to-crave” analysis of the impacts of a product or material. Today, an LCA consists of three parts, (1) an inventory of the impacts (raw materials acquisition, manufacture, processing, formulation, distribution and transportation, use, reuse, maintenance, recycling, and waste disposal). The inventory includes an analysis of the environmental burdens associated with the process or activity, for example, quantifying the energy, raw materials usage, and emissions over the life of the product; (2) an impact analysis that characterizes and assesses the effects of chemical releases on human health and the environment, and (3) an improvement analysis to evaluate and implement modifications in the production process based on findings of the inventory and impact analysis.
Low Endothelial Shear Stress Predicts Evolution to High-Risk Coronary Plaque Phenotype in the Future: A Serial Optical Coherence Tomography and Computational Fluid Dynamics Study.

Background— Low endothelial shear stress (ESS) is associated with plaque progression and vulnerability. To date, changes in plaque phenotype over time in relation to ESS have not been studied in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local ESS can predict subsequent changes to plaque phenotype using optical coherence tomography. Methods and Results— A total of 25 coronary arteries from 20 patients who underwent baseline and 6-month follow-up optical coherence tomography were included. Arteries were divided into serial 3-mm segments, and plaque characteristics were evaluated in each segment. A total of 145 segments were divided into low-ESS group (ESS P =0.03), although lipid arc was similar. At follow-up, fibrous cap thickness remained thin in low-ESS segments, whereas it significantly increased in higher-ESS segments (165.0±12.0 to 182.2±14.1 μm; P =0.04). Lipid arc widened only in plaques with low ESS (126.4±15.2° to 141.1±14.0°; P =0.01). After adjustment, baseline ESS was associated with fibrous cap thickness (β, 9.089; 95% confidence interval, 2.539–15.640; P =0.007) and lipid arc (β, −4.381; 95% confidence interval, −6.946 to −1.815; P =0.001) at follow-up. Conclusions— Low ESS is significantly associated with baseline high-risk plaque phenotype and progression to higher-risk phenotype at 6 months. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01110538.
A machine learns to predict the stability of circumbinary planets

Long-period circumbinary planets appear to be as common as those orbiting single stars and have been found to frequently have orbital radii just beyond the critical distance for dynamical stability. Assessing the stability is typically done either through N-body simulations or using the stability criterion first considered by Dvorak and later developed by Holman and Wiegert: a second-order polynomial calibrated to broadly match numerical simulations. However, the polynomial is unable to capture islands of instability introduced by mean motion resonances, causing the accuracy of the criterion to approach that of a random coin-toss when close to the boundary. We show how a deep neural network (DNN) trained on N-body simulations generated with REBOUND is able to significantly improve stability predictions for circumbinary planets on initially coplanar, circular orbits. Specifically, we find that the accuracy of our DNN never drops below 86%, even when tightly surrounding the boundary of instability, and is fast enough to be practical for on-the-fly calls during likelihood evaluations typical of modern Bayesian inference. Our binary classifier DNN is made publicly available at this https URL
ON-LINE ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER FLOWS

Although ultrasonic techniques have proven useful for investigating elasticity of solids and viscosity of fluids and gases1, they have seldom been used for polymer studies. Notwithstanding, all reports2,3,4 point out the distinctive behavior of ultrasound in polymers and suggest numerous prospects for fundamental studies, and industrial applications5,6. Thermomechanical properties of polymers are usually measured at low frequencies between 0.01 and 100 Hz, with deformations e ≈ 10-4, while ultrasonic techniques involve frequencies in the MHz range and strains near e ≈ 10-7. Whilst rheology measures global properties associated to long range diffusion of molecules, ultrasonic waves probe the mobility of short chain segments. In an attempt to relate the different measurements, we described experiments7,8 using an apparatus9 that measures the complex ultrasonic modulus with close control of the thermodynamic history. Although successful, the technique involves no macroscopic flow of molecules.
Management of Climate Change Adaptation at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

As the nation’s public health agency, CDC recognizes that climate change poses a multifaceted and potentially significant threat to domestic public health. To facilitate climate change preparedness in public health, the agency developed the Climate and Health Program, which is housed in the National Center for Environmental Health. The Program’s mission is to translate science for public health partners, develop decision support tools to facilitate climate change adaptation in public health, and to serve as a credible leader in planning for the human health impacts of a changing climate. Since its formation, the Program has worked to articulate a public health approach to climate change and integrate science from public health and other sectors to facilitate public health adaptation efforts. The Program has developed an adaptive management framework for public health, the BRACE framework, and is working cooperatively with several state and local health departments to pursue an evidence-based approach to climate change adaptation. As public health’s expertise and experience grows, the Climate and Health Program will work to continue disseminating relevant information for the increasing number of public health practitioners focused on reducing the adverse health effects of climate change.
Lead Actions on Sodium-Plus-Potassium-Activated Adenosinetriphosphatase from Electroplax, Rat Brain, and Rat Kidney

Inorganic lead ion, in micromolar concentrations, reversibly inhibits the sodium-plus-potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and potassium-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase (NPPase) activities of microsomal fractions from electric organ, rat kidney, and rat brain. In the presence of 3 mM MgCl2 and 3 mM ATP, the concentrations of PbCl2 producing half-maximal inhibition of the ATPase from these tissues are 4 × 10-6 M, 20 × 10-6 M, and 55 × 10-6 M, respectively. The corresponding values for inhibition of the NPPase are 10-6 M, 53 × 10-6 M, and 22 × 10-6 M. PbCl2 also stimulates the phosphorylation by [γ-32P]ATP of a microsomal protein from all three tissues in the absence of added sodium ion. This reaction -was extensively studied with electroplax microsomes. In common -with the well-known Na+-dependent phosphorylation of CNa+ + K+)-ATPase, the Fb2 -dependent reaction is inhibited by ouabain, specific for ATP, dependent on Mg2+, and yields an acid-stable phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of 98,000 in sodium dodecylsulfate. The Pb2+-dependent phosphoprotein, however, is not sensitive to K+. These observations are pertinent to the biochemistry and toxicity of inorganic lead in tissues and to the molecular mechanism of the cation transport enzyme.
Evaluating the Interaction Between Self-Leadership and Work Structure in Predicting Job Satisfaction

Recent research in organizational psychology has recognized the value of exploring the person-situation interactional perspective as a determinant of work outcomes. The present field study investigated the interaction between self-leadership and work structure (supervisory structure and job autonomy) and their relation to job satisfaction. Seventy-six employees provided measures of self-leadership, employment characteristics, and job satisfaction. Performance data for participants was also collected from the organization. Satisfaction was higher for employees with high (low) self-leadership who worked in low (high) structure environments. These results suggest that affective response to the job may be influenced by specific combinations of person and situation variables. Implications of the current results with regard to person-environment fit are discussed.
Cross-Wavelet Techniques for Estimating Uncertainty in Propagating Shocks and Detonations

The speed of a propagating shock or detonation wave is a parameter for characterizing impulse facilities and for understanding detonation phenomena, amongst others. The propagation speed determined by the time-of-flight (TOF) method, also known as the time delay method, is
Memory tools in early Mesopotamia

L'A s'interroge ici sur la fonction de jetons en pierre et ceramique mis au jour sur deux sites mesopotamiens de la periode Halaf. Leur etude incite a penser que ces jetons seraient utilises comme outils de stockage d'informations.
Technical Section: High-level application development for non-computer science majors using image processing

It is a unique challenge to teach programming and application development to students pursuing an IT degree other than computer science. Using simple visual computing as a medium to teach programming can be very helpful in such situations as it enables programmes that produce pictures rather than raw text and data. This paper describes a semester-long experience of using image processing as the theme in a course to teach programming and program design to students of information systems. Students progressively built a fairly complete image processing application from scratch in a bottom-up fashion using Java. They first concentrated on using low-level constructs like arrays and implemented several operations on them, and then supplemented their programs with features like a GUI complete with ''undo-redo'' features and capabilities to handle most standard image file formats. Not only did this approach satisfy all the objectives of a typical programming course but also enabled students to develop meaningful applications from scratch with ''standard'' features. Our classroom was composed of a mix of undergraduate and graduate students lacking sufficient programming background. A comparative analysis shows improvement in student performance when using image processing rather than not. With minor variations, our approach can be fit to courses for other majors where programming is considered useful but not critical.
There’s no place like home? African American women in the residence halls of a predominantly white Midwestern University

ABSTRACTDespite an increase in scholarship exploring the challenges African American women face in the classrooms of predominantly White institutions, there is surprisingly little research on the e...
Publishing francophone African narratives in English: a short history

This article presents and analyzes the editorial landscape of francophone African narratives translated into English since the inception of this literature in the early 1920s up to 2015. Although i...
CO-PREVALENCE AND THE PROGNOSTIC INFLUENCE OF FRAILTY, QUALITY OF LIFE, DEPRESSION, AND COGNITION AMONG OLDER ADULTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION

The prognostic influence of individual components included in geriatric syndromes is known, however, co-prevalence and the influence on prognosis is unknown. We prospectively studied prevalence and prognostic influence of frailty (Rockwood criteria), functional reach, timed up-and-go, quality of
Applied Learning within Thermodynamics: A Perspective on Energy Concepts

This Innovative Practice Category Full Paper presents synergy between energy-based curses, and the optimization of student involvement within a project-based learning environment; concepts that have only recently gained traction within today’s educational system. A continuous curriculum along with teaching theoretical concepts using hands-on applications transforms the learning experience from dry lecture type courses to those that enhance student learning potential. Students provided feedback through survey responses, indicating their learning experiences and topic competency before and after implementing new course materials.Engineering technology students thrive within enhanced learning environments utilizing hands-on methods to teach theoretical concepts. Such environments significantly increase motivation and conceptual retention for students within technical fields. A large body of knowledge exists focusing on changes regarding course delivery to the engineering student population. However, little is known about similar effects on engineering technology students. In this work, research-based learning theory applied to project-based and team-based learning, allowed course developers to further understand how changes affect the learning environment for engineering technology students.Early indications show a transformed class effectively motivates engineering technology students, enhancing both classroom culture and student learning potential. Experiential learning improved the students’ understanding of concepts taught through project-based learning methods.
Effects of forest management on vertebrates: synthesizing two decades of data from hardwood forests in Missouri, USA

Modern forest management seeks to balance multiple social, economic, and ecological goals. Different management approaches create different types of disturbances in a forest ecosystem and thus also differ in their impacts on plants, animals, and insects. Understanding these impacts is important for conservation of forest ecosystem function, but challenging due to the large spatial and temporal scale over which management occurs. Most past research has focused on relatively small areas, short time scales, and/or a small number of species. To address this, we examined the effects of two common silvicultural systems (even and uneven aged) on abundance and richness of three vertebrate taxa (birds, small mammals, and herpetofauna) over a two-decade period in a temperate hardwood forest in Missouri, USA. The two systems removed a similar amount of biomass overall, but differed in the intensity, number, and configuration of harvests applied. We found that vertebrate population responses varied by taxa, occurred at multiple spatial scales, and were concentrated in the period following the first harvest entry. Birds generally had the largest changes in relative abundance, both positive and negative, following management. Small mammals and reptiles had smaller, but generally positive, responses; amphibians were mixed. Bird species tended to respond in the same way to both silvicultural systems, while small mammals and herpetofauna did not respond consistently. Thus, for birds, the total amount of harvest disturbance across the landscape drives population responses, while for others the size and configuration of individual harvests is likely more important. Synthesizing results across the vertebrate community at large spatial and temporal scales allows managers to better understand trade-offs when making decisions that will affect wildlife in contrasting ways.
Dehn functions of subgroups of right-angled Artin groups

We show that for each positive integer k there exist right-angled Artin groups containing free-by-cyclic subgroups whose monodromy automorphisms grow as $$n^k$$ . As a consequence we produce examples of right-angled Artin groups containing finitely presented subgroups whose Dehn functions grow as $$n^{k+2}$$ .
Cancer statistics for adults aged 85 years and older, 2019

Adults aged 85 years and older, the "oldest old," are the fastest-growing age group in the United States, yet relatively little is known about their cancer burden. Combining data from the National Cancer Institute, the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and the National Center for Health Statistics, the authors provide comprehensive information on cancer occurrence in adults aged 85 years and older. In 2019, there will be approximately 140,690 cancer cases diagnosed and 103,250 cancer deaths among the oldest old in the United States. The most common cancers in these individuals (lung, breast, prostate, and colorectum) are the same as those in the general population. Overall cancer incidence rates peaked in the oldest men and women around 1990 and have subsequently declined, with the pace accelerating during the past decade. These trends largely reflect declines in cancers of the prostate and colorectum and, more recently, cancers of the lung among men and the breast among women. We note differences in trends for some cancers in the oldest age group (eg, lung cancer and melanoma) compared with adults aged 65 to 84 years, which reflect elevated risks in the oldest generations. In addition, cancers in the oldest old are often more advanced at diagnosis. For example, breast and colorectal cancers diagnosed in patients aged 85 years and older are about 10% less likely to be diagnosed at a local stage compared with those diagnosed in patients aged 65 to 84 years. Patients with cancer who are aged 85 years and older have the lowest relative survival of any age group, with the largest disparities noted when cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages. They are also less likely to receive surgical treatment for their cancers; only 65% of breast cancer patients aged 85 years and older received surgery compared with 89% of those aged 65 to 84 years. This difference may reflect the complexities of treating older patients, including the presence of multiple comorbidities, functional declines, and cognitive impairment, as well as competing mortality risks and undertreatment. More research on cancer in the oldest Americans is needed to improve outcomes and anticipate the complex health care needs of this rapidly growing population.
Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Two-Way Street

Pathological activation of the coagulation system occurs with virtually all forms of cancer, particularly epithelial malignancies. Accordingly, thrombosis is one of the most common comorbidities associated with cancer. Indeed, cancer-associated thromboembolism is the second leading cause of death for cancer patients, second only to the cancer itself. The identification of specific molecular mechanisms whereby tumor cells activate the coagulation system and drive thrombosis has been an active area of investigation for several decades. Studies in animal models and human trials have revealed that there is a bidirectional relationship between coagulation factor activity and cancer, whereby the pathological hemostatic system activation associated with cancer not only promotes thromboembolism but also drives progression of the malignancy. Numerous studies indicate that factors up and down the clotting cascade can contribute to various stages of cancer, including tumorigenesis, primary tumor growth, and metastasis. Although there are some mechanistic points of commonality, there are also clearly context-dependent contributions of coagulation components to cancer progression dependent on the type of cancer and stage of disease. It is also notable that in some instances, coagulation factors appear to contribute to cancer progression independently of their traditional roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. Here, the authors review the current state of the field with regard to hemostatic factor-driven cancer pathogenesis.
Emotional intelligence in tourism and hospitality: edited by Erdogan KOC, Oxfordshire, UK, CABI, 2019, 152 pp., £75.00 (Hardcover), ISBN-13: 9781786398314

While travelling people often seek to explore new destinations, experience authenticity authentic experiences and sense positive emotions. Tourism encounter is about interactions, but what role doe...
Coupling of β 2 integrins to actin by a mechanosensitive molecular clutch drives complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis

αMβ2 integrin (complement receptor 3) is a major receptor for phagocytosis in macrophages. In other contexts, integrins' activities and functions are mechanically linked to actin dynamics through focal adhesions. We asked whether mechanical coupling of αMβ2 integrin to the actin cytoskeleton mediates phagocytosis. We found that particle internalization was driven by formation of Arp2/3 and formin-dependent actin protrusions that wrapped around the particle. Focal complex-like adhesions formed in the phagocytic cup that contained β2 integrins, focal adhesion proteins and tyrosine kinases. Perturbation of talin and Syk demonstrated that a talin-dependent link between integrin and actin and Syk-mediated recruitment of vinculin enable force transmission to target particles and promote phagocytosis. Altering target mechanical properties demonstrated more efficient phagocytosis of stiffer targets. Thus, macrophages use tyrosine kinase signalling to build a mechanosensitive, talin- and vinculin-mediated, focal adhesion-like molecular clutch, which couples integrins to cytoskeletal forces to drive particle engulfment.
Evaluation of deeper levels in initially negative temporal artery biopsies and likelihood of a positive result.

Abstract Giant cell arteritis is a vasculitis that affects large- and medium-sized vessels in patients over the age of 50 years. The demonstration of granulomatous arteritis is the criterion standard to establish a definitive diagnosis. However, temporal arteritis is known to discontinuously involve the artery, and there is no standardization of the number of sections which should be examined in a length of sampled artery. The goal of the study is to determine, if by examining additional sections from temporal artery (TA) biopsy cases initially interpreted as negative, do we uncover cases of vasculitis. We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical and histologic features of 75 consecutive temporal artery biopsy cases. Our findings showed that the vast majority (94%) of cases that were biopsy “proven” to be negative for temporal arteritis on initial examination remained negative after examination of all subsequent deeper levels (median of 337 total levels examined). These cases were less likely to show classical GCA signs and symptoms and typically presented at a younger age than the biopsy-positive cases. However, 4 (6%) of the initially “biopsy-negative” cases did turn out to be positive on deeper levels, with 56, 109, 346, and 590 total levels examined, respectively. At least 2 of these 4 patients did not receive prednisone or were weaned off prednisone treatment and experienced persistent/recurrent GCA symptoms. We conclude that routine sampling may miss the diagnosis in a subset of cases and in some cases, sectioning deeper into the paraffin block may be warranted.
A Test of the Repeatability of Measurements of Relative Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Experimental studies of evolution using microbes have a long tradition, and these studies have increased greatly in number and scope in recent decades. Most such experiments have been short in duration, typically running for weeks or months. A venerable exception, the long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) with Escherichia coli has continued for 30 years and 70,000 bacterial generations. The LTEE has become one of the cornerstones of the field of experimental evolution, in general, and the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, in particular. Science laboratories and experiments usually have finite lifespans, but we hope that the LTEE can continue far into the future. There are practical issues associated with maintaining such a long-term experiment. One issue, which we address here, is whether key measurements made at one time and place are reproducible, within reasonable limits, at other times and places. This issue comes to the forefront when one considers moving an experiment like the LTEE from one lab to another. To that end, the Barrick lab at The University of Texas at Austin, measured the fitness values of samples from the 12 LTEE populations at 2,000, 10,000, and 50,000 generations and compared the new data to data previously obtained at Michigan State University. On balance, the datasets agree very well. More generally, this finding shows the value of simplicity in experimental design, such as using a chemically defined growth medium and appropriately storing samples from microbiological experiments. Even so, one must be vigilant in checking assumptions and procedures given the potential for uncontrolled factors (e.g., water quality) to affect outcomes. This vigilance is perhaps especially important for a trait like fitness, which integrates all aspects of organismal performance and may therefore be sensitive to any number of subtle environmental influences.
Author Correction: Risk Factors of Cyberbullying Perpetration among School-Aged Children across 41 Countries: a Perspective of Routine Activity Theory

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the author group section.
Taking Action Together (TAT): An annual, intersectional, peer-based sex education program

College students are at high risk for experiencing sexual violence. Living without parents, lack of understanding of consent, new relationships, high stress, and experimenting with drugs and alcohol are some factors that increase the risk of sexual violence among college students. Pacific University has existing prevention programs aimed to decrease the incidence of sexual violence, but existing workshops only target first year students and athletes. There is a gap for students who don’t fit in either category. Post-test surveys from these existing prevention programs shows that students favor peer-led workshops. Other sexual violence prevention programs report the benefits of peer-education and find that students need information repeated to them to retain new information. New research involving intersectionality in health education programs report higher student involvement within workshops and improve education around varying identities. Using an intersectional model, TAT aims to reduce the incidence of sexual violence among undergraduate Pacific University students through a multi-year, peer-based education program. Pacific University undergraduate students will be required to attend this program each school year to improve retention rates of the material. TAT will educate on topics of sexual violence prevention, healthy relationships, consent, root causes, bystander intervention, and available resources. As a result of this program, we foresee a 30% decrease in sexual violence incidence and a 40% increase in student’s self-efficacy by believing that they can successfully intervene in a potentially dangerous situation.
A rare case series of composite hemangioendothelioma presenting as bone tumors

Abstract Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a rare neoplastic disorder of vascular origin and consists of admixture of benign, intermediate and malignant vascular histological components. It is first described in 2000 and ever since composite hemangioendothelioma has been described in various soft tissue locations of the body and internal organs in various case reports. Here we present two rare cases of composite hemangioendothelioma of bone and what we believe are the first reported presentation of primary composite hemangioendothelioma in the bones of the lower extremities. Immunohistochemistry in composite hemagioendothelioma shows markers of endothelial origin and many cases have large vacuolated endothelial cells giving a pseudolipoblastic appearance to cells. Treatment is mainly surgical as it a locally aggressive tumor and metastasize is rare. Both of patients in our presentation are treated with lower extremity amputation and it is sometimes unfortunate given composite hemangioendothelioma is known to happen in younger to middle age group such as our patients. This would require psychological counseling and support through the process. Further adjuvant treatments are undefined given the rarity of the diagnosis.
Parallel Implementation of Fast Randomized Algorithms for Low Rank Matrix Decomposition

We analyze the parallel performance of randomized interpolative decomposition by decomposing low rank complex-valued Gaussian random matrices of about 100 GB. We chose a Cray XMT supercomputer as it provides an almost ideal PRAM model permitting quick investigation of parallel algorithms without obfuscation from hardware idiosyncrasies. We obtain that on non-square matrices performance scales almost linearly with runtime about 100 times faster on 128 processors. We also verify that numerically discovered error bounds still hold on matrices two orders of magnitude larger than those previously tested.
Thymidine kinase 1 through the ages: a comprehensive review.

Proliferation markers, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), have potential as diagnostic tools and as prognostic factors in assessing cancer treatment and disease progression. TK1 is involved in cellular proliferation through the recovery of the nucleotide thymidine in the DNA salvage pathway. TK1 upregulation has been found to be an early event in cancer development. In addition, serum levels of TK1 have been shown to be tied to cancer stage, so that higher levels of TK1 indicate a more serious prognosis. As a result of these findings and others, TK1 is not only a potentially viable biomarker for cancer recurrence, treatment monitoring, and survival, but is potentially more advantageous than current biomarkers. Compared to other proliferation markers, TK1 levels during S phase more accurately determine the rate of DNA synthesis in actively dividing tumors. Several reviews of TK1 elaborate on various assays that have been developed to measure levels in the serum of cancer patients in clinical settings. In this review, we include a brief history of important TK1 discoveries and findings, a comprehensive overview of TK1 regulation at DNA to protein levels, and recent findings that indicate TK1’s potential role in cancer pathogenesis and its growing potential as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target.
An Analysis of the Economic Cost of Maintaining a Capital Punishment System in the Pelican State

Louisiana has had the death penalty in its current form since 1977. Since that time, there have been 242 death sentences. Twenty-eight of the people condemned to death sentences have been executed. Sixty-six individuals remain on death row in the midst of appeals or litigation concerning the validity of their conviction or death sentence. One hundred and twenty-eight of these death sentences have been reversed. Ten additional individuals convicted since 1977 have been exonerated and released. An additional ten death row prisoners have died on the row of natural causes or suicide while their appeals remained pending. Commentators have noted that Louisiana has the highest reversal rate in the country, and one of the highest per capita exoneration rates. Little has been written about the actual cost of Louisiana's death penalty. Costs of capital punishment include defense costs, prosecution costs, court costs (including the costs of court reporters, sequestered juries, transcripts, and security), costs of maintaining a separate death row, and as well the costs of preparing for, defending and administering execution protocols. This article analyses the total cost of maintaining a death penalty system in Louisiana, including defense costs, prosecution costs, court costs, and the costs associated with maintaining death row.
Calling a Taxi(cab): Transforming Ideas of Congruence

Exploring non-Euclidean geometries is a common way for College Geometry instructors to highlight subtleties in Euclidean geometry. The concept of congruence, going undefined or informally defined i...
The Spider’s Thread: Metaphor in Mind, Brain, and Poetry: by Keith J. Holyoak, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2019, 288 pp., $35.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780262039222

The Spider’s Thread: Metaphor in Mind, Brain, and Poetry recently won an award by CHOICE as one of the year’s “Outstanding Academic Titles,” “awarding outstanding works for their excellence in pres...
Diunsa: An Entrepreneurial Family’s Digital Response to COVID-19

On March 15, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Honduran government unexpectedly announced a state of emergency and mandated immediate closure of all businesses. Diunsa closed its six ...