cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-birefringence determination of the tilt susceptibility of the smectic-A-smectic-C phase transition in butoxybenzylidene heptylaniline

We have used magnetically induced birefringence to determine the divergence of the susceptibility for the smectic-$C$ order parameter in butoxybenzylidene heptylaniline (40.7). The critical exponent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ was 0.98 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.04, consistent with a mean-field model and the Ginzburg criterion.
Adherence of medium-chain fatty acids to feeding tubes during gavage feeding of human milk fortified with medium-chain triglycerides

Pour tenter de reduire la perte de calories lipidiques qui se produit lors du gavage, meme intermittent, plusieurs methodes de supplementation du lait de femme en triglycerides a chaines moyennes sont comparees quant a leur effet sur l'apport de graisses aux prematures gaves
The Health Self-Determinism Index for Children.

A convenience sample of 501 children 7 to 13 years old completed the newly developed Health Self-Determinism Index for Children (HSDI-C), a measure of intrinsic motivation in health behavior. Construct validity was supported through the factorial isolation of four theory-consistent subscales, and the correlation of the total HSDI-C (r = .36, p less than or equal to .009) with a general measure of intrinsic motivation. Alpha coefficients in three separate trials ranged between .79 and .88 for the total scale, and .78 to .88, .87 to .92, .78 to .86, and .63 to .77 on the respective subscales. Test-retest reliability for the total scale was .83 at 2 weeks and .48 at 1 year. A nominated population of 21 third- through seventh-grade children known to practice positive health promotion behaviors had an HSDI-C mean score of 106.5 versus 76.5 in the general sample of children.
Hydroformylation of vegetable oils and the potential use of hydroformylated fatty acids

Hydroformylation consists in adding a formyl group over a double bond. This reaction can be applied successfully to oils from natural resources as they are constituted of triacylglycerols or fatty acids derivatives containing at least one internal unsaturation. Herein we report on hydroformylation of vegetable oils and the potential applications of the resulting hydroformylated compounds in the field of bio-sourced chemicals, especially polymers, lubricants and plasticizers.
A Seminar in Mathematical Model-Building.

(1979). A Seminar in Mathematical Model-Building. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 777-783.
HERMENEUTICAL CLINICAL ETHICS: A COMMENTARY

Essays by Thomasma and ten Have recommend hermeneutical clinical ethics. The use Thomasma makes of hermeneutics is not radical enough because it leaves out basic interpretation of clinical practice and focuses narrowly on ethical principles and rules. Ten Have, while failing to notice that the hyperreality of clinical ethics is a feature of all language, rightly distinguishes four characteristic parameters of a thoroughgoing interpretive clinical ethics: experience, attitudes and emotions, community, and ambiguity. Suggestions are made for implementing hermeneutical ethics in clinical teaching.
Mechanical properties of nitrogen-implanted 18W4Cr1V bearing steel☆

Abstract Nitrogen was implanted into 18W4Cr1V bearing steel (where the composition is in approximate weight per cent) to doses of 1014−1017 ions cm−2 at 400 keV. The specimens were analyzed using the Rutherford backscattering and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and then tested on a pin-on-disc wear machine. There was a thick non-metallic film on the high dose specimens which was shown by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy examination to be graphite. Friction and wear were significantly decreased and hardness was increased by a factor of 4. These changes were observed to depend on the nitrogen dose and the applied load. The formation of a graphite surface layer is considered to be due to vacuum carburization and the increase in wear resistance is thought to be associated with nitride precipitation hardening.
Novel front-surface thermal-diffusivity measurement method based on phase analysis

The technique described in this paper is for one-side thermal diffusivity measurement. A single stripe-shaped pulse provided by a flash lamp is used to heat the front surface of a specimen slab. Classical methods for estimating a parameter out of a distribution involve fitting the temperature distribution with its theoretical model. With the technique described in this paper the evolution of the temperature distribution along a line perpendicular to the heated stripe is analyzed in the frequency domain. An estimate of the thermal diffusivity is then obtained from comparison of the phase component behavior with an abacus similarly built from the theoretical model. This technique is valid for any shape of flash lamp pulse (i.e. laser spot), and can be used also for estimating the thermal diffusivity of anisotropic materials. The choice of the stripe shape is due to the limitations of the simulation environment used.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Turn the page please: situation-specific language acquisition*

The present paper investigates a strategy for language acquisition adopted by one child, and the usefulness of book-reading in supporting that strategy. Conversations between this child and his mother around picture-book reading were recorded and recurrent discussions of the same picture were analysed. A coding scheme was devised which identified each speaker's contribution to the exchange of information about a particular picture. By examining recurrent picture discussions, it was possible to trace the child's acquisition of the linguistic means for talking about a given picture. It was found that specific lexical items and constructions used to talk about a picture frequently recurred in subsequent discussions, and that the child learned many of these same items and constructions. Furthermore, he was most likely to acquire what he had heard his mother say about a picture if he had repeated it in an earlier discussion. The usefulness of routines for such situation-specific learning and the implications of the situation-specific approach for future investigations of input language are discussed.
Influence of the Sb dopant distribution on far infrared photoconductivity in Ge:Sb blocked impurity band detectors

Extended long wavelength response to {approx}200 {micro}m (50 cm{sup -1}) has been observed in Ge:Sb Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detectors with N{sub D} {approx} 1 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup -3}. The cut-off wavelength increases from 150 {micro}m (65 cm{sup -1}) to 200 {micro}m (50 cm{sup -1}) with increasing bias. The responsivity at long wavelengths was lower than expected. This can be explained by considering the observed Sb diffusion profile in a transition region between the blocking layer and active layer. BIB modeling is presented which indicates that this Sb concentration profile increases the electric field in the transition region and reduces the field in the blocking layer. The depletion region consists partially of the transition region between the active and blocking layer, which could contribute to the reduced long wavelength response. The field spike at the interface is the likely cause of breakdown at a lower bias than expected.
Nonlinear Optical Probes of Ovarian Cancer

Nonlinear optics are used to study human ovarian cancer. SHG imaging elucidates structural differences in normal and malignant tissues. Cell adhesion/migration dynamics are examined with ECM models fabricated by multiphoton excited photochemistry.
Implementing a behavioral medicine program in an internal medicine residency: A description of curriculum content, resources and barriers encountered

Abstract Many internal medicine training programs are currently developing curricula designed to teach the psychosocial aspects of patient care and doctor-patient communication skills. However, faculty may lack expertise regarding how to accomplish new educational goals in these areas. This article is designed to assist programs by describing in detail how a comprehensive behavioral medicine program was integrated into a general internal medicine program at a university-affiliated community hospital. It describes the program goals, resources needed, content included, obstacles to implementation and potential solutions to the problems encountered.
MODELING THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF N-METHYLPYRROLIDONE PERMEATION THROUGH BUTYL- AND NATURAL-RUBBER GLOVES

This paper describes the temperature dependence of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) permeation through gloves used in microelectronics fabrication facilities. One type of butyl-rubber glove (North B161), two types of natural-rubber gloves (Edmont Puretek® and Ansell Pacific White®), and a natural rubber/nitrile/neoprene-blend glove (Pioneer Trionic®) were tested at four temperatures from 25–50 °C using the ASTM F739-85 permeation test method. The butyl-rubber glove showed no breakthrough after four hours of exposure at any temperature. The variations with temperature of measured breakthrough times (BT) and steady-state permeation rates (SSPR) for the other gloves were described well by Arrhenius relationships, with BT values decreasing by factors of 7–10 and SSPR values increasing by factors of 4–6 over the temperature range studied. Extrapolation to 70 and 93°C, the temperatures at which degreasing is often performed, yielded BT values of <2 min and <0.5 min, respectively, in all cases. With the exception of th...
High-Speed Visualization of Bubbles Interacting With a Solid Surface

Bubbles around a solid surface moving in a fluid at high Reynolds number drastically reduce the associated turbulent drag. In this paper, we present experiments on the interaction of air bubbles with a solid wall. The design of an experimental setup is described, that allows generating bubbles with diameters of 0.4 to 2 mm and observes their interaction with a solid wall whose angle with the horizontal can be controlled. Depending on the bubble size and angle of inclination of the solid wall, the bubbles bounce off or slide along the wall. High-speed visualizations of the bubble-wall interactions are performed for values of Reynolds and Weber number ranging from 40 to 560 and 0.04 to 1.80 respectively. Our experimental results are compared with the work of Tsao and Koch [Physics Fluids 9, 44 (1997)].Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Acceptability ratings of language interventions and reasoning as described by early childhood special education teachers

This study utilised a structured analogue method to evaluate factors which impact preschool teachers’ preference for language interventions. These factors included type of treatment approach (naturalistic versus therapeutic), person delivering the intervention (classroom teacher versus speech and language pathologist), and severity of language delay (mild versus severe). Survey participants included 29 preschool special education teachers, five of whom volunteered to complete follow-up interviews. Results demonstrate that teachers prefer naturalistic over therapeutic approaches overall. When stratified by severity of the language delay, teachers rated the three intervention approaches differently. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Measurements of methane hydrate equilibrium in systems inhibited with NaCl and methanol

Abstract Natural gas hydrates are ice-like inclusion compounds that form at high pressures and low temperatures in the presence of water and light hydrocarbons. Hydrate formation conditions are favorable in gas and oil pipelines, and their formation threatens gas and oil production. Thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs) are chemicals ( e.g., methanol, monoethylene glycol) deployed in gas pipelines to depress the equilibrium temperature required for hydrate formation. This work presents a novel application of a stepwise differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement to accurately determine the methane hydrate phase boundary in the presence of THIs. The scheme is first validated on a model (ice + salt water) system, and then generalized to measure hydrate equilibrium temperatures for pure systems and 0.035 mass fraction NaCl solutions diluted to 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mass fraction methanol. The hydrate equilibrium temperatures are measured at methane pressures from (7.0 to 20.0) MPa. The measured equilibrium temperatures are compared to values computed by the predictive hydrate equilibrium tool CSMGem.
The Nonchalant Migrants: Americans Living North of the 49th Parallel

This paper reverses the conventional migration lens to focus on the understudied case of a growing population of Americans in Canada. What motivates these native-born US citizens to migrate; how do they adapt to life north of the 49th parallel; what is the nature of the ties they maintain to their US homeland? Drawing on fieldwork in Ottawa, Toronto, and Vancouver, this paper identifies similarities between Americans and other migrants, but also points to a pervasive attitude of nonchalance as a notable difference. Examining migrants of relative privilege in North American helps refine theory rooted in assumptions of marginalization and advances analyses of continental integration.
MEASUREMENTS IN HIGH VOID-FRACTION BUBBLY WAKES CREATED BY VENTILATED SUPERCAVITATION

A detailed study of ventilated supercavitation in the reentrant jet regime is being carried out in the high-speed water tunnel at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, as the hydrodynamics part of an interdisciplinary study on stability and control of high-speed cavity-running bodies. It is aimed at understanding the interaction between a ventilated supercavity and its turbulent bubbly wake, with the goal to provide the information needed for the development of control algorithms. Here Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements in high void fraction bubbly wakes created by the collapse of ventilated supercavities are reported. Bubble velocity fields are obtained, and shown to submit to the same high Reynolds number similarity scaling as the single-phase turbulent axisymmetric wake. A grayscale technique to measure local average void fraction is outlined. Initial results of a timeresolved PIV experiment (2000 Hz) are also presented.
Postural compensations and subjective complaints due to backpack loads and wear time in schoolchildren.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of carrying weighted backpacks of up to 20% of body weight on the posture and pain complaints of elementary-school children. Methods: Craniovertebral, forward trunk lean and pelvic tilt angles were measured from sagittal photographs of 62 children (8-11 years old) before and after walking while carrying backpacks containing 10%, 15%, or 20% of body weight. Pain severity after a 6-minute walk with the loaded backpack was recorded. Subjective complaints of pain were assessed using a visual analog scale after walking. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in postural angles and increased complaints of pain after walking with increased backpack loads. Conclusion: These results indicate that typical backpack loads create worsening postural changes due to backpack loads and time spent carrying those loads, putting children at increased risk for injury and pain, the latter of which is a strong predictor for back pain in adulthood. (Pediatr Phys Ther 2013;25:15‐24) Key words: back pain, biomechanics, child, female, human, lifting, male, pain, posture, risk factors, weight-bearing
PEAK: A Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Study of Panitumumab Plus Modified Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) or Bevacizumab Plus mFOLFOX6 in Patients With Previously Untreated, Unresectable, Wild-Type KRAS Exon 2 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Purpose To evaluate panitumumab plus modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) or bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6 in patients with previously untreated wild-type (WT) KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A prespecified secondary objective was to assess treatment effects in an extended RAS analysis that included exons 2, 3, and 4 of KRAS and NRAS. Patients and Methods Patients with WT KRAS exon 2 tumors were randomly assigned at a one-to-one ratio to panitumumab plus mFOLFOX6 or bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and safety. Results Of 285 randomly assigned patients, 278 received treatment. In the WT KRAS exon 2 intent-to-treat group, PFS was similar between arms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.17; P = .353). Median OS was 34.2 and 24.3 months in the panitumumab and bevacizumab arms, respectively (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.89; P = .009). In the WT...
Capillary Network‐Like Organization of Endothelial Cells in PEGDA Scaffolds Encoded with Angiogenic Signals via Triple Helical Hybridization

Survival of tissue engineered constructs after implantation depends on proper vascularization. The differentiation of endothelial cells into mature microvasculature requires dynamic interactions between cells, scaffold, and growth factors, which are difficult to recapitulate in artificial systems. Previously, we reported photocrosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels displaying collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs), dubbed PEGDA-CMP, that can be further conjugated with bioactive molecules via CMP-CMP triple helix hybridization. Here, we report that a bifunctional peptide featuring pro-angiogenic domain mimicking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and a collagen mimetic domain that can fold into a triple helix conformation can hybridize with CMP side chains of the PEGDA-CMP hydrogel, which results in presentation of insoluble VEGF-like signals to endothelial cells. Presentation of VEGF-like signals on the surface of micropatterned scaffolds in this way transforms cells from a quiescent state to elongated and aligned phenotype suggesting that this system could be used to engineer organized microvasculature. We also show that the pro-angiogenic peptide, when applied topically in combination with modified dextran/PEGDA hydrogels, can enhance neovascularization of burn wounds in mice demonstrating the potential clinical use of CMP-mediated matrix-bound bioactive molecules for dermal injuries.
Extended Follow-Up of Patients with Stage T2a Prostate Adenocarcinoma After Outpatient Conformal Brachytherapy: Risk Stratification for Treatment Optimization

Brachytherapy is an excellent definitive treatment modality for select patients with localized prostate cancer. Sixty-four patients with Stage T2a prostate adenocarcinoma were identified from the series of prostate patients receiving conformal outpatient brachytherapy between 1990 and 1997. Pretreatment Gleason scores and prostate specific antigen (PSA) values ranged from 2 to 10 and 1.5 to 100, respectively. Median follow-up was 48.5 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 82.5%, whereas the cause-specific survival rate was 93.7%. The biochemical freedom-from-relapse (bFFR), defined as a PSA level of ≤ 1.0 for patients presenting with Gleason scores of ≤ 5, was 68%; 80% with Gleason scores of ≤ 5 and presenting PSA levels of ≤ 10. In patients with Gleason scores of 6 at presentation, the overall bFFrR was 67%; 87% with a Gleason scores of 6 and PSA levels of ≤ 10. The bFFR was maintained in more than half of patients with Gleason scores of 7 only if they presented with PSA levels of ≤ 10. All patients who presented with PSA levels of ≤ 10 had bFFRs of 75%, compared to 36% for those patients presenting with PSA levels of > 10. These data show that patients with Gleason scores of ≤ 5 can achieve very good PSA control with brachytherapy, especially if the presenting PSA level is ≤ 10. Consideration of PSA is of greater import when a Gleason score ≥ 6 is encountered at presentation. Our data show that durable bFFR can be achieved in patients presenting with Stage T2a disease, Gleason scores of 5–7, and PSA levels of ≤ 10. These results need to be confirmed with further follow-up and other prospective data.
The ingroup bias as a function of differences in resources within groups

Subjects were led to believe that two sub-groups were created according to similarity. Then they were assigned resources, received bogus offers, and asked to negotiate a mutually acceptable reward division. It was found that low resource members negotiated payoffs approximately equally. In contrast, high resource members negotiated larger payoffs to themselves when paired with outgroup members.
The naci registry: An instrument for the evaluation of new approaches to coronary intervention

The New Approaches to Coronary Intervention (NACI) Registry was developed to collect in-depth data about patients whose coronary artery lesions are being treated with new interventional techniques such as atherectomy, stents, and laser devices. The NACI Registry database distinguishes among several possible "modes" for device use, such as preparatory, planned definitive, and bailout use. Common definitions are used for data collection across all devices, and device-specific forms are used to record procedural details. NACI's unique modular form design facilitates thorough data collection, even for the most complex treatment scenarios. The database structure allows for data analysis at the patient, procedure, lesion, and device levels, as required to perform in-depth analyses of the immediate and long-term success of new devices. Once adequate knowledge of basic device performance has been collected, the Registry structure can also allow expeditious planning and performance of randomized trials comparing a new device to conventional PTCA.
A State Machine Based Approach for a Process Driven Development of Web-Applications

Traditional workflow systems are not suited for highly interactive online systems. We present a state machine based workflow system, named FlexFlow, which formally describes Internet applications using statecharts. The FlexFlow engine uses these descriptions to directly control the execution of web applications. FlexFlow helps in generating controls for user interactions on web pages. Different versions of an application can be generated by visually editing its FlexFlow description, with minimal incremental effort in rewriting application code or related web pages. FlexFlow provides an efficient way to customize online systems and supports different versions of business processes in the same e-business system for different sets of industries, organizations, users, or devices. We demonstrate FlexFlow's use for rapid prototyping of business processes and describe how we have used FlexFlow in commercial platforms for B2B e-commerce.
A premature termination codon interferes with the nuclear function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner.

Premature translation termination codon (PTC)-mediated effects on nuclear RNA processing have been shown to be associated with a number of human genetic diseases; however, how these PTCs mediate such effects in the nucleus is unclear. A PTC at nucleotide (nt) 2018 that lies adjacent to the 5′ element of a bipartite exon splicing enhancer within the NS2-specific exon of minute virus of mice P4 promoter-generated pre-mRNA caused a decrease in the accumulated levels of P4-generated R2 mRNA relative to P4-generated R1 mRNA, although the total accumulated levels of P4 product remained the same. This effect was seen in nuclear RNA and was independent of RNA stability. The 5′ and 3′ elements of the bipartite NS2-specific exon enhancer are redundant in function, and when the 2018 PTC was combined with a deletion of the 3′ enhancer element, the exon was skipped in the majority of the viral P4-generated product. Such exon skipping in response to a PTC, but not a missense mutation at nt 2018, could be suppressed by frame shift mutations in either exon of NS2 which reopened the NS2 open reading frame, as well as by improvement of the upstream intron 3′ splice site. These results suggest that a PTC can interfere with the function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner and that the PTC is recognized in the nucleus.
Attribute-Based Modeling of Resid Structure and Reaction

An attribute-based approach to modeling resid structure and reaction is described. Monte Carlo simulation of feedstock structure casts the modeling problem in molecular terms. This technique samples probability density functions (PDFs) for the attributes of the resid molecular structures to construct a representative molecular sample whose properties are compared against measured properties. Optimization methods are used to minimize the weighted sum of squares difference, and the final set of PDF parameters are the mathematical representation of resid structure. Subsequent reaction models can be based on the molecular attributes of the PDFs. The latter model, which is called the “Attribute Reaction Model” (ARM), provides a large reduction in the number of reaction equations and, therefore, solution time. The combined structural and reaction model provides a very good representation of laboratory data for four resids.
Pulsed cathode heating method

A pulsed-mode heating method has been developed and tested for a 1-in.-diameter cathode which reduces the average filament power by over an order of magnitude. The method allows cyclic operation with a few seconds of peak cathode temperature, which allows many microsecond-duration electron pulses to be fired at the peak cathode temperature in each cycle. For a 2-in.-diameter 0.125-in.-thick LaB/sub 6/ cathode, the saving is just as great. A 1.68-mF capacitor at 6 kV can cycle the larger cathode from 494 degrees to 1800 degrees C and back in 120 s. The energy requirement is 30.2 kJ, which is an average power of 252 W. This is still a saving of over an order of magnitude from the case of steady heating. The same cathode thickness as in the 1-in. case is assumed in this prediction. >
Reparametrizing MNDO for Excited-State Calculations by Using ab Initio Effective Hamiltonian Theory: Application to the 2,4-Pentadien-1-iminium Cation

The ab initio effective valence shell Hamiltonian (ℋ ν) theory is employed to reparametrize the standard MNDO Hamiltonian for MNDO-πCI (configuration interaction) excited-state calculations for the small, protonated Schiff base 2,4-pentadien-1-iminium. The revised parametrization, called differs from the ground-state parametrization via adjustment of the basic p-orbital parameters: UC, UN, βC, GC,C, GN,N. The βC resonance integral is adjusted to remove all electron−electron correlation from the MNDO one-electron, two-center Hu,v π-electron integrals. Likewise, a small correction of 0.25 eV is appended to both UC and UN. The MNDO ground-state GC,C and GN,N π-electron one-center, two-electron repulsion integrals are increased in value by about 1.5 and 2 eV, respectively, to reproduce the average of the ab initio ℋ ν one-center, two-electron effective integrals. Subsequent calculations reproduce the lowest-lying ab initio ℋ ν 20 vertical excitation energies to less than 0.2 eV on average (when full πCI is e...
AGRP neurons are sufficient to orchestrate feeding behavior rapidly and without training

Two intermingled hypothalamic neuron populations specified by expression of agouti-related peptide (AGRP) or pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) positively and negatively influence feeding behavior, respectively, possibly by reciprocally regulating downstream melanocortin receptors. However, the sufficiency of these neurons to control behavior and the relationship of their activity to the magnitude and dynamics of feeding are unknown. To measure this, we used channelrhodopsin-2 for cell type-specific photostimulation. Activation of only 800 AGRP neurons in mice evoked voracious feeding within minutes. The behavioral response increased with photoexcitable neuron number, photostimulation frequency and stimulus duration. Conversely, POMC neuron stimulation reduced food intake and body weight, which required melanocortin receptor signaling. However, AGRP neuron-mediated feeding was not dependent on suppressing this melanocortin pathway, indicating that AGRP neurons directly engage feeding circuits. Furthermore, feeding was evoked selectively over drinking without training or prior photostimulus exposure, which suggests that AGRP neurons serve a dedicated role coordinating this complex behavior.
Toward a Developmental Model of Child Compliance: The Role of Emotion Regulation in Infancy

The present study examined the relation between early emotion regulation and later compliance. When infants were 5, 10, and 18 months of age, they participated in a frustration task. The degree to which they reacted negatively to the stimuli and the behaviors they used to regulate that response were coded. Baseline heart rate also was recorded and a measure of cardiac vagal tone (VNA) was derived. Several tasks (electrode placement, toy clean-up, and test situation) were administered to elicit compliance/noncompliance when the participants were 30 months of age. Results revealed that infants who demonstrated low levels of regulatory behavior were more likely to be noncompliant as toddlers. Several interaction effects suggested that the prediction to later noncompliance was also dependent upon the infants' level of reactivity. Cardiac vagal tone also was related to compliance but in a contradictory fashion. High VNA was related to noncompliance to toy clean-up, whereas low VNA was related to noncompliance to electrode placement. The data provide support for a developmental model of compliance that includes the ability to regulate emotional arousal.
Phosphorus diffusion in Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes and tri-state logic using vertically stacked diodes

Abstract Various structures of Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITD) grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were studied. The results show that the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) is degraded when placing SiGe layers directly adjacent to the P δ -plane. A very thin Si layer offsetting the P δ -plane and any surrounding SiGe layers is necessary. Vertically integrated npnp Si-based RITD pairs are realized by stacking two RITDs with a connecting backwards diode between them. The I–V characteristics of the vertically integrated RITDs pairs demonstrate two sequential negative differential resistance (NDR) regions under forward biasing. Tri-state logic is demonstrated by using the vertically integrated RITDs as the drive and an off-chip resistor as the load.
Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers: European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusions in Colonial Southeast Asia

This essay is concerned with the construction of colonial categories and national identities and with those people who ambiguously straddled, crossed, and threatened these imperial divides.1 It begins with a story about metissage (interracial unions) and the sorts of progeny to which it gave rise (referred to as metis, mixed bloods) in French Indochina at the turn of the century. It is a story with multiple versions about people whose cultural sensibilities, physical being, and political sentiments called into question the distinctions of difference which maintained the neat boundaries of colonial rule. Its plot and resolution defy the treatment of European nationalist impulses and colonial racist policies as discrete projects, since here it was in the conflation of racial category, sexual morality, cultural competence and national identity that the case was contested and politically charged. In a broader sense, it allows me to address one of the tensions of empire which this essay only begins to sketch: the relationship between the discourses of inclusion, humanitarianism, and equality which informed liberal policy at the turn of the century in colonial Southeast Asia and the exclusionary, discriminatory practices which were reactive to, coexistent with, and perhaps inherent in liberalism itself.2
Mineralization of glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine aortic valve cusps in the subcutaneous rat model: analysis of variations in implant site and cuspal quadrants.

When evaluating the efficacy of new antimineralization treatments for bioprosthetic heart valves, subcutaneous implantation in a rat model often is used as an initial test. Although this model is widely used, there still are many aspects of its implementation that have not been investigated. To further investigate several parameters that may affect mineralization in the subcutaneous rat model, portions of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve cusps were implanted both ventrally and dorsally into 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cusp quadrants were explanted at 1,2, and 3 weeks postimplantation and the calcium levels determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not different implant locations and/or regions of the cusps affect the degree to which tissue mineralizes in the subcutaneous rat model. A total of 270 tissue specimens were examined. While the specific portion of the cusp implanted did not significantly affect the degree of mineralization, dorsal implantation resulted in significantly more mineralization than abdominal implantation (p = 0.007). As expected, longer implantation time was associated with greater calcification (p = 0.0001). The results of this study indicate that inconsistent placement of tissues in the rat subcutaneous implant model can result in significant differences in the degree of mineralization.
Survey of Zoonotic Pathogens in White-Tailed Deer on Bald Head Island, North Carolina

Abstract Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) have become overabundant in many urban and suburban areas, which can cause concern about exposure of humans and pets to zoonotic pathogens. Bald Head Island, NC is a small barrier island that has experienced ongoing residential development since the mid-1980s and has a relatively high deer density (15–17 deer/km2). To address concerns expressed by residents, we screened ≈13% of the White-tailed Deer population for potential zoonotic pathogens. We collected blood from 8 deer in January through March 2008 and 5 deer in January 2009. We tested sera for antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and six serovars of Leptospira interrogans; and whole blood samples for Bartonella spp. and B. burgdorferi DNA. All sera were negative for antibodies to L. interrogans; two samples were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum, and one was seropositive for B. burgdorferi. Whole blood PCR results were negative for Bartonella spp. and B. burgdorferi. Con...
A closed loop outsourcing decision model for developing effective manufacturing strategy

The case study deals with aligning production capacity for a US manufacturer of industrial thermal transfer bench-top printer, by exploring various insourcing and outsourcing options based on production, cost and delivery capabilities. A modelling framework is devised which aids in selecting an effective manufacturing strategy that considers key enablers and barriers to successful outsourcing. The proposed model is closed loop, which stresses regular re-evaluation of the existing outsourcing strategy. It models the total product cost for the product currently being manufactured in the US and compares the total costs if it were manufactured offshore in countries such as, Malaysia, China, Slovakia and Mexico. The analysis from the model shows moving manufacturing of the product to Mexico results in the largest business benefit of about $400 savings per unit compared to other countries studied. A closer look at China in the future could be considered as the economic, social and security risks may change enou...
Software assurance by bounded exhaustive testing

The contribution of this paper is an experiment that shows the potential value of a combination of selective reverse engineering to formal specifications and bounded exhaustive testing to improve the assurance levels of complex software. A key problem is to scale up test input generation so that meaningful results can be obtained. We present an approach, using Alloy and TestEra for test input generation, which we evaluate by experimental application to the Galileo dynamic fault tree analysis tool.
Measurement of hepatocellular function, cardiac output, effective blood volume, and oxygen saturation in rats

The available techniques do not permit the measurement of hepatocellular function, cardiac output, effective blood volume, and oxygen saturation in small animals without the need of blood or tissue sampling. We present methodology that permits us to measure the above variables in the rat. Multiple doses of indocyanine green (ICG; 0.16-2.6 mg/kg) were given to pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, and [ICG] was continuously measured by an in vivo hemoreflectometer. Initial velocity of clearance (Vo) was determined from the [ICG] vs. time plot for each dose by nonlinear regression. The maximal velocity of clearance (Vmax; indicating hepatocellular function) was calculated. Vmax was 1) accurately determined using two, three, or four doses of ICG; 2) it was 1.09 +/- 0.16 mg.kg-1.min-1, not different from the Vo of the near-saturating dose of 25 mg/kg; and 3) it decreased after partial hepatectomy. Cardiac output was 41.89 +/- 1.46 ml.100 g-1.min-1, effective blood volume was 6.12 +/- 0.34 ml/100 g, and oxygen saturation was 92 +/- 2%. These methodologies may prove useful in the evaluation of hepatocellular dysfunction and hemodynamic parameters in the rat during and after various diseased states.
Clinician-Implemented Research Utilization in Critical Care

The application of research findings to practice is critical for improving patients' outcomes and for ensuring that nursing practice is both cost-efficient and effective. Unfortunately, research findings that clearly should be used are not always implemented, a fact termed the "research-practice gap." In 2000, as a result of the interest of staff nurses in establishing evidence-based practice, nurses from 7 adult critical care units at the University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, Calif, began discussions on how to implement such a practice. A critical care research utilization committee was formed with representation from each of the adult critical care units, the emergency department, and the postanesthesia care unit. This committee was responsible for reviewing and revising each critical care policy and procedure on the basis of the best available evidence. The impetus for this project was a concern that current policies and procedures were, in part, based on tradition rather than on science and did not always reflect rapid changes in critical care, including use of new equipment, new treatments, and new findings. This project produced a number of beneficial outcomes. Policies and procedures were revised on the basis of scientific evidence, new research questions were generated on the basis of gaps in the literature, and the number of clinical nurses involved in using research to improve practice increased.
Depolarization-Dependent Poly-Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Brain is Inhibited by Ethanol In Vitro

Receptor-stimulated poly-phosphoinositide (poly-PI) hydrolysis is considered to be an important mechanism whereby neurotransmitter signals are transduced across the neuronal membrane during the process of synaptic transmission (3). Activation of receptors results in the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides (4,5) and generation of second messengers such as diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. These second messengers further activate intracellular targets (protein kinase C and calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum) to continue the biochemical cascade. In addition to receptors, other stimuli such as depolarization or calcium influx may activate this biochemical cascade (6,7). Because hydrolysis of poly-PI is the initiating event of this cascade, and this process occurs at the plasma membrane, agents which act on membranes such as ethanol may perturb the normal functioning of this signal transduction system. Previous work has shown that ethanol in vitro inhibits poly-PI hydrolysis induced by KCl depolarization and glutamate stimulation in brain slices (6). The purpose of this study was to further characterize the mechanisms involved in ethanol inhibition of poly-PI hydrolysis stimulated by these depolarizing stimuli.
Old Wine in New Bottles? The Management Holding in Comparative Perspective

In Germany a new type of company -- the management holding -- has emerged. A variant of the corporate group, the management holding has distinctive parent-subsidiary relationships that encourage group members to act transparently in order to participate in an unusually dynamic process of strategy formation. This process distinguishes the management holding from the classic M-form corporation, keiretsu, and other familiar forms of governance.
Comparison between endocardial and great vessel endothelial cells: morphology, growth, and prostaglandin release

The release of vasoactive mediators by vascular (VEC) and endocardial endothelial cells (EEC) has not been directly compared. In this study, in vitro morphological and cell growth characteristics and the rate of prostanoid release were compared in cultured sheep endothelial cells from great vessels (VEC; pulmonary artery and aorta) and endocardium (EEC; right and left ventricles) harvested from the same animals. Morphologically, in flasks, VEC demonstrated the classic cobblestone pattern, whereas EEC developed numerous cytoplasmic interdigitations and overlaps. Rate of cell proliferation was greater for EEC than for VEC (P < 0.05): doubling time was shorter for EEC (34 +/- 3 h) than for VEC (45 +/- 5 h). Under static (no-flow) conditions, in response to arachidonic acid and calcium ionophore A-23187, the rate of prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 release by VEC and EEC was not different. In contrast, in response to flow and acute hypoxia (O2 tension = 35 Torr), the rate of PGI2 release was greater in EEC than in VEC (P < 0.0001). After 2 h of perfusion, the rate of PGI2 release was 19-fold greater for EEC than for VEC during normoxia and 34-fold greater during hypoxia. Thus our study showed anatomic site of origin-dependent heterogeneity in prostanoid release between VEC and EEC. Endocardial endothelium is a greater source of PGI2 than great vessel endothelium; in vivo, endocardial endothelial PGI2 may inhibit local platelet aggregation and modulate downstream vascular tone.
Science yield estimate with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope coronagraph

The coronagraph instrument (CGI) on the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope will directly image and spectrally characterize planets and circumstellar disks around nearby stars. Here we estimate the expected science yield of the CGI for known radial-velocity (RV) planets and potential circumstellar disks. The science return is estimated for three types of coronagraphs: the hybrid Lyot and shaped pupil are the currently planned designs, and the phase-induced amplitude apodizing complex mask coronagraph is the backup design. We compare the potential performance of each type for imaging as well as spectroscopy. We find that the RV targets can be imaged in sufficient numbers to produce substantial advances in the science of nearby exoplanets. To illustrate the potential for circumstellar disk detections, we estimate the brightness of zodiacal-type disks, which could be detected simultaneously during RV planet observations.
Blood changes in turkeys associated with a copper deficiency.

SummaryDay-old turkey poults were fed 5 levels of supplemental copper for 6 weeks. There was a significant stimulation of growth in those fed 1.32 to 3.96 ppm of added copper. Microhematocrits of all turkeys were within normal ranges. The erythrocytes of birds fed 1.32 ppm of supplemental copper had abnormally shaped nuclei, while those of poults fed 1.98 and 3.96 ppm of copper were normal. Nuclear changes consisted of lobulated nuclei, duplication of nuclei, forked nuclei and other bizarre manifestations. Heart and liver cytochrome oxidase activity was greater in those birds fed 1.32 to 3.96 ppm of added copper.
Human hydrosalpinx: Histologic study and chemical composition of fluid

Abstract A histologic study of 9 hydrosalpinges and chemical analysis of their fluid content were performed. In most of the cases the wall was fibrotic; the epithelial lining in the main was impaired although in scattered areas it appeared normal and probably well functioning. Electrolyte values were similar to those found in the serum of the patients. Proteins and bicarbonate values were very low. Correlation between these low values and the functional potential of the hydrosalpinx should be considered, since it may be related to the degree of tubal damage. These aspects are discussed and the potential use of chemical study of hydrosalpinx fluid is reviewed. Consideration is given for use of the findings in evaluating functional prognosis prior to tuboplasty.
Outlook for Russia’s WTO Accession

Analysis included in earlier chapters has demonstrated that, after eight years of inconsistent economic reforms, Russia is still very far from a smoothly functioning market economy. It has turned out that expectations for a quick transformation of the country into a modern market economy belonged to the realm of utopias. A successful economic transition needs further efforts from Russia and co-operation, understanding and support from the rest of the world, but first of all a great deal of patience.
Students’ Perceptions of American-Born VS. Foreign-Born Instructors: A Preliminary Experiment

The perceptions of students regarding American-born and foreign-born candidates for marketing faculty positions are investigated in a controlled environment, where the effects of externally visible differences among the candidates are eliminated. The results of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs), t-tests and multiple range tests indicate that, at least at one urban university located in the Northeast, students are prejudiced against foreign-born faculty candidates, especially those from the Third World, in recommending their employment and in evaluating their teaching attributes.
TRANSPORTERS | GABA Transporters: Regulation of Tonic Inhibition

This article reviews the biophysical properties of membrane GABA transporters as they relate to the regulation of extracellular GABA concentrations. Special attention is paid to the dynamic changes in the membrane potential of neurons, and in concentrations of substrate for GABA transporters (GABA, Na+, and Cl−), and the predicted effects these changes would have on GABA transporter function. In particular, we discuss experimental results supporting a role of GABA transporters in the determination of ambient [GABA] in the brain. We conclude that GABA transporters are well suited to maintain ambient [GABA] in the range necessary to maintain tonic inhibition mediated by high-affinity, extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. These extrasynaptic GABAA receptors play an important role in regulating cellular and network excitability.
Nuclear but not mitochondrial-encoded oxidative phosphorylation genes are altered in aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Introduction We have comprehensively described the expression profiles of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA genes that encode subunits of the respiratory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (I–V) in the hippocampus from young controls, age matched, mild cognitively impaired (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. Methods Hippocampal tissues from 44 non-AD controls (NC), 10 amnestic MCI, and 18 AD cases were analyzed on Affymetrix Hg-U133 plus 2.0 arrays. Results The microarray data revealed significant down regulation in OXPHOS genes in AD, particularly those encoded in the nucleus. In contrast, there was up regulation of the same gene(s) in MCI subjects compared to AD and ND cases. No significant differences were observed in mtDNA genes identified in the array between AD, ND, and MCI subjects except one mt-ND6 . Discussion Our findings suggest that restoration of the expression of nuclear-encoded OXPHOS genes in aging could be a viable strategy for blunting AD progression.