cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heart rate and match analysis in pre-pubescent soccer players

The aim of this study was to compare match analysis (using video recordings) and the physiological load (heart rate measured every 5s, blood lactate measured after the warm-up, first half and second half) of six 11-year-old soccer players during official games of eleven-a-side on a regular-sized pitch (100×65m) and of seven-a-side on a smaller pitch (60×40m). In both games, heart rate exceeded 170 beats·min-1 84% of the time, while blood lactate ranged from 1.4 to 8.1 mmol·l-1 . No significant differences were recorded for the physiological parameters. For both matches, walking comprised 38% of total time, running 55%, inactivity 3% and jumping 3%. Although there were no significant differences between halves or matches, running for less than 10s was 10% more frequent in the seven-a-side game. In the seven-a-side game, there were significantly more passes and significantly fewer tackles, suggesting that seven-a-side matches played on smaller pitches may be more suitable for pre-pubescent soccer players.
The Dendroclimatological Potential of Willamette Valley Quercus garryana

ABSTRACT We develop a 341-year Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl.) tree-ring chronology in Oregon's Willamette Valley to evaluate climate-growth relationships and determine the species' dendroclimatological potential at our site and in the surrounding region. The standardized and residual chronologies exhibit significant positive correlations with previous-year April and May temperatures, inverse correlations with previous-year spring precipitation and summer PDSI, a positive correlation with current-year July precipitation and summer PDSI, and inverse correlations with current-year June temperatures. The strength of these relationships varies over time. Significant shifts in the chronologies' mean and variance align with phase changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), with lower and more variable growth during the warmer, drier positive phase of the PDO over the instrumental record. The absence of similar shifts prior to the 1900s, suggests a lack of temporal consistency in the expression ...
Three New Species of Trapeliopsis on Soil in Western North America

Two squamulose species and one crustose species ofTrapeliopsis are described from the western United States based on morphological, anatomical, and ITS sequence data. The newly described species pair, T. californica and T. steppica, consistently differs from T. wallrothii in morphology, ascospores, secondary products, and ITS sequence. Previous reports of Trapeliopsis wallrothii from North America should be referred toT. californica. Morphologically similar to Trapeliopsis californica, T. steppica is separated from that species by the presence of dark granular soredia in discrete roundish soralia; a thinner, duller cortex; and slightly smaller and more appressed squamules.Trapeliopsis steppica is apparently endemic to western North America, pre- dominantly in the intermountain region.Trapeliopsis californica, an esorediate frequently fertile species, predominates in California and west of the Cascade crest in the Pacific Northwest. The third new species, T. bisorediata, is a rarely collected, but locally common in the semi-arid inter- mountain region of the Pacific Northwest. It is characterized by soredia of two types on a whitish pruinose crustose-areolate non-lobate thallus. Between the major mountain ranges of western North America lie expansive semiarid basins and plateaus. Although most of the lichen flora of this area is broadly distributed in the northern hemi- sphere, ecological and floristic studies in this area have revealed a number of North American lichens endemic to the region often called the ''intermoun- tain West.'' Some of these were discovered early on (e.g., Rhizoplaca haydenii(Tuck.) W. A. Weber), some recently rediscovered (e.g., Physconia isidi- igera (Zahlbr. in Herre) Essl.) while others have been described only recently (e.g., Aspicilia filifor- mis Rosentreter, Heteroplacidium congestum (Breuss & McCune) Breuss, Xanthoparmelia ida- hoensis Hale). Ecological and floristic studies of biotic crusts in semi-arid areas revealed three more undescribed species. Over a decade has elapsed since these were noticed by Roger Rosentreter, Bruce Ryan, and the authors. Two of them were illustrated and keyed in McCune and Goward (1995, p. 166) as Trapeliop- sis sp. and T. wallrothii. We sought to clarify the taxonomic status of these specimens, but the mor- phology did not provide clear answers. Use of mo- lecular tools has finally allowed us to proceed with confidence. This paper summarizes our findings on
Control Without Interest: State Law of Assignment, Federal Preemption, and the Intellectual Property License

In Gardner v. Nike, Inc., the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California granted summary judgment in a case of first impression and great potential significance regarding the law of copyright licensing. No previously published U.S. case squarely addresses the issue of whether an assignee or exclusive licensee of limited rights under a copyright may assign or sublicense those rights without express permission of the original copyright owner. The controversiality of the case is heightened by a circuit split on whether, as a general matter, federal law applies to the entire interpretation of any licenses of a federally granted intellectual property monopoly, and judicial disagreement on whether federal or state law applies specifically to the question of assignability. This article analyzes the issue of whether a licensee of federally-granted intellectual property rights may freely transfer its rights to a third party in the absence of a contractual prohibition against such transfer. The issue of licensing has assumed increasing importance in commercial law, the common law of contracts, and federal intellectual property law in general. The article examines the arguments presented in Gardner v. Nike, and the district court’s holding in that case. This article also discusses the constitutional issues relating to whether state contract law or federal intellectual property law should determine whether a license is assignable, the effects on federal policy of applying state law to determine the assignability of a license agreement, and the general policy issues relating to license assignments.
On Value Pluralism, Its Implications, and the Nature of Philosophy:

This essay responds to the critique of my work by Robert Talisse, the philosopher, by further clarifying my views on the meaning of value pluralism, its implications, and the nature of philosophy. ...
Vladimir Lenin as Democratic Vanguard Revolutionary

The current neo-liberal global order is a disaster for everyone except the top few percent on the top. If you are looking for an alternative to neo-liberalism, you can forget about it. Not only are...
DD93: Missbrauch der BILD-Zeitung als Kernintellekt Deutschlands (Juni 2009)

Auf der ersten Seite der SZ hies es neulich fast wortlich (Namen von mir unterdruckt): „Partei und Kanzlerkandidat wollen den Streit in der Offentlichkeit um die eventuelle Pleite des Konzerns XY nicht weiterfuhren, weil er der eigenen Partei geschadet hat. Nach Umfragen haben sowohl Partei als auch Kandidat in der Wahlergunst verloren.“ Das ist schon fast die so genannte Lean-Brain-Politik, oder? Man wirft etwas auf den Stammtisch und schaut, ob es absauft oder nicht!
Disgust as Heuristic

Suppose that disgust can provide evidence of moral wrongdoing. What account of disgust might make sense of this? A recent and promising theory is the social contagion view, proposed by Alexandra Plakias. After criticizing both its descriptive and normative claims, I draw two conclusions. First, we should question the wisdom of drawing so straight a line from biological poisons and pathogens to social counterparts. Second, we don’t need to explain the evidential value of disgust by appealing to what the response tracks. These lessons point toward an alternative: namely, that disgust is a moral heuristic. On the heuristic view, disgust is a trigger for the subconscious use of a particular rule: I show how this view fits with a plausible hypothesis about the social function of disgust, and then apply it to Leon Kass’s famous use of repugnance to criticize cloning.
Response of AISC Steel Column Sections to Blast Loading

One dozen American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) W14 steel columns were tested at the Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center (EMRTC), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro, New Mexico with loading from typical size vehicle bomb threats at very close to moderately close standoffs. Pretest predictions of structural response were performed using standard SDOF methods and the Weidlinger Associates, Inc. (WAI) FLEX finite element code. Loads acting on the columns were determined from the U. S. Army developed CONWEP code using the Kingery-Bulmash equations for the pretest predictions. Seven tests included individual columns with axial loading and blast loading applied simulataneously. One test included 5 columns built into a frame with moment connections at the top of the columns and base plate connections at the base of the columns. The columns were instrumented with accelerometers and pressure transducers. The tests were designed to produce various levels of damage from mild to severe. This paper will compare the pretest and posttest predictions using both the SDOF and FLEX finite element methods with the actual test results. The comparison between actual loading and CONWEP loading will also be discussed. Conclusions will be drawn with regard to the use of CONWEP loading for this type of threat at various standoffs. Also, the use of SDOF and FLEX finite element methods to predict the response of AISC W14 steel columns will be compared.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Ambiguity, Religion, and Relational Context: Competing Influences on Moral Attitudes?:

The position that people take on moral issues, such as infidelity, can be influenced by abstract principles (e.g., religious ideals) but also by their own relational experience. Conservative religious orientation provides clear moral prescripts about sexual behavior, but what happens when there is perceived strain within one's actual, non-hypothetical relationship? The author tests a series of hypotheses about attitudes towards infidelity using a representative sample of American adults aged 57–85. The results indicate that although most older Americans oppose infidelity in general, distinct differences emerge when the infidelity scenario involves greater moral ambiguity. When dementia is involved, the relational context in which the respondent is embedded emerges as an important predictor variable. Interestingly, each religious group— even born-again Protestants—are susceptible to this moral contingency effect. Results are discussed in relation to Vaisey's (2009) dual-process theory, in which attitudes a...
Nonlinear Control of Hypersonic Missiles for Maximum Target Penetration

The design of guidance and control laws for missiles traveling at hypersonic speeds is an inherently challenging task due to the fact that the system dynamics are nonlinear and highly coupled. An even more challenging task is the design of guidance laws for hypersonic missiles, which incorporates the terminal conditions to maximize target penetration. In this research, nonlinear control techniques are combined with optimal control methods to develop guidance and control laws for air-breathing hypersonic missiles in the presence of system uncertainty and external disturbances. One of the contributions of this research is detailed theoretical analysis of the performance characteristics of the proposed control design. Moreover, by including terminal constraints in the cost function, target penetration is maximized. Specifically, by minimizing angle of attack (AoA) and inertial angle of obliquity (AoO) at impact, maximum target penetration is achieved. Lyapunov-based stability analysis is utilized to prove the theoretical result, and high-fidelity numerical simulation results are provided to verify the practical performance of the proposed guidance law design.
Occurrence of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria in Retail Foods in Daxing of Beijing from 2006 to 2008

Objective To investigate the occurrence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in retail foods in Daxing,Beijing.Method From 2006 to 2008,ten kinds of retail food samples were collected from Daxing and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella,Escherichia coli O157:H7,Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytegenes,Campylobacter and Vibrio parahemolyticus.Results Of the 560 samples tested,67 (11.96%) were positive for foodborne pathogenic bacteria.A high prevalence of 30.67% (23 /75) was shown in raw milk,followed by 15.29% (39 /255) in meat products,5.45% (3 /55) in aquatic products and 2.67% (2 /75) in cooked meat.The positive rate for S.aureus was the highest (6.79%,38 /560),followed by that for L.monocytogenes (3.57%,20 /560) and Salmonella (1.61%,9 /560).None of E.coli O157:H7,Campylobacter and V.parahemolyticus were detected in any samples tested.Conclusion Foodborne pathogenic bacteria were frequently found in retail foods in Daxing.Raw milk,meat products,aquatic products and cooked meat were at higher risk to cause foodborne diseases.
A Study of Pattern-Based Suptopic Discovery and Integration in the Web Track.

We report our systems and experiments in the diversity task of TREC 2011 Web track. Our goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for subtopic extraction and diversification steps on the large data collection. In the subtopic extraction step, we extract subtopics using both structured data, i.e., ODP, which provides high quality information and unstructured data, i.e., original retrieved documents, which contains terms effective in diversifying documents. In the diversification step, we use a coverage-based method to diversify documents based on the extracted subtopics. It has the desired properties of diversification which favors documents covering more subtopics and documents covering novel subtopics that have not been well covered by previously selected documents.
Impaired Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Uptake and Release Promote Electromechanically and Spatially Discordant Alternans: A Computational Study

Cardiac electrical dynamics are governed by cellular-level properties, such as action potential duration (APD) restitution and intracellular calcium (Ca) handling, and tissue-level properties, including conduction velocity restitution and cell–cell coupling. Irregular dynamics at the cellular level can lead to instabilities in cardiac tissue, including alternans, a beat-to-beat alternation in the action potential and/or the intracellular Ca transient. In this study, we incorporate a detailed single cell coupled map model of Ca cycling and bidirectional APD-Ca coupling into a spatially extended tissue model to investigate the influence of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca uptake and release properties on alternans and conduction block. We find that an intermediate SR Ca uptake rate and larger SR Ca release resulted in the widest range of stimulus periods that promoted alternans. However, both reduced SR Ca uptake and release promote arrhythmogenic spatially and electromechanically discordant alternans, suggesting a complex interaction between SR Ca handling and alternans characteristics at the cellular and tissue level.
Mystery Shopping Your Way to Improved Customer Service

Abstract Student retention and success is linked to positive, productive interactions with campus faculty and staff. Given this, assessing customer service can demonstrate the library’s value in the context of its institution’s overarching outcomes and quality. Mystery shopping was explored as an authentic measure to gauge the behaviours and accuracy of library public service staff. Students were trained to act as mystery shoppers; they were each given a specific question to ask at the reference or circulation desks and immediately reported on the service provided. Building staff buy-in and training shoppers were keys to the success of this method.
Large Area YBCO Thin Film Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Large-area double-sided YBa2Cu3O7–δ thin film on LaAlO3 substrate was fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition equipment, which had an off-axis geometry and a scanning laser system. The film with a diameter of 3 inches was characterized from electrical and structural investigations across the whole area of both sides. All Jc values measured along the film radius were above 3×106 A/cm2 and the film structure examined by x- ray diffraction exhibited highly c-axis orientation in the whole area of both sides. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an existence of a few droplets in the film but the surface was smooth nevertheless.
Targeted sequencing informs the evaluation of normal karyotype cytopenic patients for low-grade myelodysplastic syndrome.

Targeted sequencing informs the evaluation of normal karyotype cytopenic patients for low-grade myelodysplastic syndrome
HALT-D: A Phase II Evaluation of Crofelemer for the Prevention and Prophylaxis of Diarrhea in Patients With Breast Cancer on Pertuzumab-Based Regimens

Approximately 40% to 80% of patients receiving pertuzumab-directed therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer will develop chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID). Loperamide and octreotide are frequently used to treat CID after diarrhea occurs, but neither is used prophylactically or targets the underlying mechanism. Previous studies suggest blocking epidermal growth factor receptor may cause excess chloride secretion, resulting in diarrhea. Crofelemer is derived from the red latex of the Croton lechleri tree, blocks gastrointestinal cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and calcium-activated chloride channels, and is U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved for relief of diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients on anti-retroviral therapy. Crofelemer is not systemically absorbed, has relatively few side effects, and presents a targeted approach at preventing CID in patients receiving pertuzumab-based therapy. HALT-D (DiarrHeA Prevention and ProphyLaxis with Crofelemer in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and Docetaxel or Paclitaxel with or without Carboplatin, NCT02910219) is a phase II, randomized, open-label trial that aims to recruit 46 patients from 3 MedStar sites. Adults with HER2-positive breast cancer being treated with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel or paclitaxel (THP) or trastuzumab, pertuzumab, docetaxel, and carboplatin (TCHP) will be randomized to receive crofelemer or no medication for diarrhea prophylaxis. The primary endpoint is incidence of all grade diarrhea for ≥ 2 consecutive days during cycles 1 to 2 of THP or TCHP. Secondary endpoints include overall incidence, duration, and severity of diarrhea; time to onset of diarrhea; use of other anti-diarrheal medications; stool frequency and consistency; and quality of life. HALT-D will provide important information about the feasibility and tolerability of crofelemer in preventing diarrhea for patients receiving THP or TCHP.
Retrospective Analysis of Wisconsin's Landfill Organic Stability Rule

AbstractThe Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources introduced an organic stability rule (OSR) in 2007 to encourage effective management of organic waste in landfills and ultimately reduce the du...
Criminalization of Violence against Women and Laws against Domestic Violence: A Comparative Study of the United States and South Asia (Pakistan and Bangladesh)

A global movement for the criminalization of domestic violence has been spreading from the 1970s in the context of the International Women’s Movement, but more particularly in the context of the 1979 United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). This chapter examines the nature and the progress of laws against domestic and intimate partner violence in the United States and South Asia with particular reference to Pakistan and Bangladesh. Some of these laws include the United States’ Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994; Pakistan’s the Protection of Women Act (Criminal Law Amendment) Act of 2006, the Acid Control and the Acid Crime Prevention Act of 2010 (amended in 2011), the Protection against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act of 2010, and the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act of 2012; and Bangladesh’s Dowry Provision Act of 1980, the Suppression of Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2000, the Acid Control Act of 2002, and the Acid Crimes and Control Act of 2002. It was observed that all three countries, the United States, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, defined domestic violence in terms of the norms of international standard which is that domestic violence is not just physical and sexual in nature. Emotional, psychological, and economic abuses are also a part of domestic and intimate partner violence. The commonalities in legislations are also observed in the areas of protection orders, victim support, and the confidentiality of domestic and intimate partner case records. In terms of punishment, Bangladesh probably has one of the toughest laws of domestic violence in the world. The Bangladesh Law (the Suppression of Violence against Women and Children Act of 2000) imposed the death penalty for 12 different kinds of crimes related to violence against women.
Bee SAFE, a Skill-Building Intervention to Enhance CAM Health Literacy: Lessons Learned.

The purpose is to describe a feasibility study of a skill-building intervention to enhance health literacy about complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies among older rural adults and share lessons learned. A study was designed to examine the feasibility of an intervention to enhance CAM health literacy. The theme was “Bee SAFE” for Be a wise user of CAM, Safety, Amount, From where, and Effect. Modules were presented face to face and by webinar with older adults at a senior center in one small rural community. The team achieved its purpose of designing, implementing, and evaluating the intervention and assessing if it could be implemented in a rural community. The implementation challenges encountered and lessons learn are discussed. By improving CAM health literacy, older rural adults with chronic health conditions can make well-reasoned decisions about using CAM for health promotion and illness management. The goal is to implement the Bee SAFE intervention in other rural communities; thus team membe...
The nucleolus and the essential coalitions

Gillies [1959] showed that the core of a game depends only on the vital coalitions. We show that the essential coalitions—which include the vital coalitions—determine the nucleolus if the core is not empty.
Back to the Future: Sparta, Athena, and the battle for the Arab public sphere

Al Jazeera (AJ) has been a defining feature in developing news media in the Middle East and beyond. The satellite-broadcasting network has played a leading role in bringing stories and perspectives that other international media do not always cover, if at all. More importantly, it has been a champion for democracy and human rights in the Middle East, thereby provoking the ire of Arab autocratic rulers, which went to great length to silence the Qatar-based television news network. The latest Gulf Crisis, in which four countries (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt) blockaded Qatar in July 2017, is another attempt to silence this media institution and peg back the region to the pre-Arab Spring era. The anti-Qatar quartet issued an ultimatum of 13 demands to be fulfilled within ten days. The list included paying reparations, shutting down Al Jazeera, curbing bilateral relations with Iran, closing a Turkish military base, and submitting to monthly external compliance checks. However, the crisis could be a blessing in disguise for Qatar and the network in its campaign for greater freedom of expression in the Middle East. This article analyses the crisis from a media political economy perspective.
Predicting Oncologic Outcomes in Renal Cell Carcinoma After Surgery.

Abstract Background Predicting oncologic outcomes is important for patient counseling, clinical trial design, and biomarker study testing. Objective To develop prognostic models for progression-free (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary RCC (papRCC), and chromophobe RCC (chrRCC). Design, setting, and participants Retrospective cohort review of the Mayo Clinic Nephrectomy registry from 1980 to 2010, for patients with nonmetastatic ccRCC, papRCC, and chrRCC. Intervention Partial or radical nephrectomy. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis PFS and CSS from date of surgery. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to develop parsimonious models based on clinicopathologic features to predict oncologic outcomes and were evaluated with c-indexes. Models were converted into risk scores/groupings and used to predict PFS and CSS rates after accounting for competing risks. Results and limitations A total of 3633 patients were identified, of whom 2726 (75%) had ccRCC, 607 (17%) had papRCC, and 222 (6%) had chrRCC. Models were generated for each histologic subtype and a risk score/grouping was developed for each subtype and outcome (PFS/CSS). For PFS, the c-indexes were 0.83, 0.77, and 0.78 for ccRCC, papRCC, and chrRCC, respectively. For CSS, c-indexes were 0.86 and 0.83 for ccRCC and papRCC. Due to only 22 deaths from RCC, we did not assess a multivariable model for chrRCC. Limitations include the single institution study, lack of external validation, and its retrospective nature. Conclusions Using a large institutional experience, we generated specific prognostic models for oncologic outcomes in ccRCC, papRCC, and chrRCC that rely on features previously shown—and validated—to be associated with survival. These updated models should inform patient prognosis, biomarker design, and clinical trial enrollment. Patient summary We identified routinely available clinical and pathologic features that can accurately predict progression and death from renal cell carcinoma following surgery. These updated models should inform patient prognosis, biomarker design, and clinical trial enrollment.
Heterogeneity of Pregamers by Consumption and Reinforcement Reasons: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Author(s): Haas, Amie L; Wickham, Robert E; Zamboanga, Byron L; Read, Jennifer P; Borsari, Brian | Abstract: BackgroundPregaming is a common, high-risk drinking activity among college students that has been largely unchangeable despite targeted intervention approaches. Therefore, identifying profiles of pregamers could enhance understanding of the risks associated with this practice and inform intervention development.MethodsThis study identified subtypes of pregamers in undergraduates (N = 911; 60% female, 42.9% White) attending 3 U.S. universities in 2012. Self-report data assessed recent alcohol use (overall, heavy, and pregaming), pregaming motives, and demographics. Alcohol-related consequences were assessed via the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire.ResultsLatent profile analysis using pregaming-specific indicators assessing motives (e.g., to avoid getting caught) and consumption (e.g., estimated pregaming blood alcohol concentration) yielded 5 unique profiles. Three profiles were characterized by pregaming on 50% or more of all drinking events that differed by pregaming consumption and motives: Instrumental (5.3%; heavy consumption, intoxication-driven motives), Global (16.0%; moderate consumption, indistinct motives), and Risk-averse (18.3%; moderate-to-heavy consumption, negatively reinforcing motives). Two profiles reported lower levels of pregaming: Occasional (32.4%; moderate consumption, indistinct motives) and Infrequent (28.0%; lowest pregaming involvement). Cross-profile differences were then examined for demographics, general drinking and pregaming-specific motives, and alcohol-related consequences. Profile comparisons indicated differences in overall alcohol consumption, ethnicity, gender, current living arrangements, Greek involvement, and a variety of alcohol-related consequences (ps l 0.01).ConclusionsOverall, pregaming is a very heterogeneous behavior among college students in that some students utilize this drinking practice as a means to mitigate risk and others use it to promote intoxication. Results suggest that distinguishing pregamers by consumption as well as motives can facilitate the development of more tailored intervention approaches for students who engage in this high-risk practice.
Endless Possibilities: Diversifying Service Options in Private Practice

Recent economic changes, extended areas of need, and personal preferences may inspire mental health counselors in private practice to diversify the service options they offer. This article outlines strategies for diversifying, including creatively marketing services already being provided; adding services that require little additional training or expertise; acquiring additional training in order to offer specialized services to meet market demand; providing services for or partnering with other practitioners; training future counselors; offering counseling or supervision at a distance; and consulting for businesses. Suggestions are provided for what counselors should consider before choosing a diversification strategy, along with ideas for implementing the strategy. The article concludes with suggestions for further research into diversification of services in private practice.
Mechanics of Composite Laminates

Analysis of structures made of composite materials requires a knowledge of anisotropic elasticity, an appropriate structural theory that accounts for desired kinematics, failure criteria to determine if the structure has failed, and a numerical method to solve the boundary-value problem associated with the structure. The study of anisotropic elasticity and structural theories used to analyze composite laminates constitute the topics for this chapter.
Clinical Importance of the Oxygen Transport Function of Preserved Red Blood Cells

ABSTRACT The oxyqen transport function of preserved red blood cells has been shown to be critically important in the resuscitation of individuals subjected to hemorrhagic shock, in anemic patients with fixed cerebral and coronary blood flow, and in patients subjected to hypothermia. These patients should not receive red cells with reduced oxyqen transport function. Nevertheless, blood bank requlations have failed to institute minimum requirements on this measurement as they have on the posttransfusion survival of donor red cells. To ensure satisfactory oxyqen transport function immediately upon transfusion, red cells should not be preserved for more than two weeks at 4 C in the liquid state in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD), citrate-phosphate-dextrose supplemented with adenine (CPDA-1), or CPD supplemented with SAG and ADSOL. Other ways to ensure that donor red cells have satisfactory oxygen transport function is to freeze them within 3 to 5 days of collection. In addition, both indated and outdated red cells can be biochemically modified to restore or even increase 2,3 DPG levels to 150% to 250% of normal. Biochemically modified red cells either can be used immediately after treatment or can be frozen after treatment. At any rate, biochemically modified red cells must be washed before transfusion to remove the rejuvenation solution. To ensure optimum oxynen delivery to tissues at hioh pO 2 tension, the patient should receive crystalloid and colloid solutions together with red cells that have normal or improved oxygen transport function. There is one important limitation to the use of 2,3 DPG-enriched red cells, and that is that the recipient's inspired oxygen concentration must be adequate to maintain an arterial pO 2 tension of greater than 40 mm Hg. Biochemically modified red cells with improved oxynen transport function have been used successfully in a variety of clinical situations.
The 9/11 families, the passage of the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA), and the pursuit of in the Saudi legal cases

This paper offers a critical rhetorical analysis of the counterterrorist arguments that were presented by 9/11 families and their representatives when they sued Saudi Arabians for their role in the...
Utilizing NFV for Effective Moving Target Defense Against Link Flooding Reconnaissance Attacks

Moving target defense (MTD) is becoming popular with the advancements in Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies. With centralized management through SDN, changing the network attributes such as routes to escape from attacks is simple and fast. Yet, the available alternate routes are bounded by the network topology, and a persistent attacker that continuously perform the reconnaissance can extract the whole link-map of the network. To address this issue, we propose to use virtual shadow networks (VSNs) by applying Network Function Virtualization (NFV) abilities to the network in order to deceive attacker with the fake topology information and not reveal the actual network topology and characteristics. We design this approach under a formal framework for Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks and apply it to the recently emerged indirect DDoS attacks, namely Crossfire, for evaluation. The results show that attacker spends more time to figure out the network behavior while the costs on the defender and network operations are negligible until reaching a certain network size.
Donor-specific antibody management in intestine transplantation: hope for improving the long-term durability of the intestine allograft?

Purpose of review In this review, we appraise the current status of donor-specific antibody (DSA) monitoring and treatment in the literature and highlight the current challenges in DSA management for the intestine transplant community. Recent findings Sensitizing events are common in patients referred for intestinal transplant, as these patients universally are repeatedly exposed to immune activation and inflammatory events. Both preformed and de novo DSA have been shown to increase rejection and graft loss in intestine recipients. Avoidance of preformed DSA with the use of virtual crossmatch (VXM) and antibody monitoring protocols to detect and treat de novo DSA may improve intestine transplant outcomes. There is no consensus on the clinical and pathologic criteria that are required to diagnose antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in the intestine recipient. Therefore, many clinicians treat AMR based on the coincidence of DSA and acute biopsy-proven rejection. Inclusion of the liver in the intestine allograft appears to be immunologically protective in the setting of DSA with improved outcomes and a higher rate of preformed DSA clearance. Critically, DSA has been linked to chronic rejection and poor long-term outcomes in the intestine recipient. Summary On the basis of increasing evidence in the intestine transplant literature, it appears that avoidance of preformed DSA and aggressive monitoring and treatment of de novo DSA is a key to long-term survival following intestine transplantation.
Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on final oocyte maturation and steroid production in Fundulus heteroclitus

Recent evidence has indicated the presence of IGF-I and IGF-I receptors in mammalian and teleost ovarian follicles. Since growth hormone (GH), which can be secreted from the pituitary concomitant with a gonadotropin as a response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, generally acts to release IGF-I from tissues including the ovary, the effect of IGF-I itself on ovarian steroidogenesis and oocyte maturation was investigated in the model teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus. IGF-I was found to be without effect on ovarian follicle steroidogenesis, but initiated oocyte maturation in a dose-dependent manner even more rapidly and effectively than 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one (DHP), the naturally occurring maturation-inducing steroid. IGF-II also induced oocyte maturation in a dose-dependent manner. IGF-I induction of oocyte maturation occurred in the absence of DHP production by the granulosa cells (which is normally stimulated by gonadotropin), and could be inhibited by cycloheximide but not actinomycin D, thus implicating the role of protein synthesis. These results suggest that GH-stimulated release of ovarian IGF-I may have an even more direct role than DHP on the reinitiation of oocyte maturation.
Risk Factors for Early Subsequent (Revision or Contralateral) ACL Reconstruction: A Retrospective Database Study.

Background:Many factors contribute to the risk for subsequent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) within 2 years from the index procedure.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study w...
Matching the Mismatch: The interaction between perceptual and conceptual cues in bilinguals’ speech perception

Speech perception involves both conceptual cues and perceptual cues. These, individually, have been shown to guide bilinguals’ speech perception; but their potential interaction has been ignored. Explicitly, bilinguals have been given perceptual cues that could be predicted by the conceptual cues. Therefore, to target the perceptual-conceptual interaction, we created a restricted range of perceptual cues that either matched, or mismatched, bilinguals’ conceptual predictions based on the language context. Specifically, we designed an active speech perception task that concurrently collected electrophysiological data from Spanish–English bilinguals and English monolinguals to address the extent to which this cue interaction uniquely affects bilinguals’ speech sound perception and allocation of attentional resources. Bilinguals’ larger MMN-N2b in the mismatched context aligns with the Predictive Coding Hypothesis to suggest that bilinguals use their diverse perceptual routines to best allocate cognitive resources to perceive speech.
Multiple Climate Change-Driven Tipping Points for Coastal Systems

As the climate evolves over the next century, the interaction of accelerating sea level rise (SLR) and storms, combined with confining development and infrastructure, will place greater stresses on physical, ecological, and human systems along the ocean-land margin. Many of these valued coastal systems could reach "tipping points," at which hazard exposure substantially increases and threatens the present-day form, function, and viability of communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Determining the timing and nature of these tipping points is essential for effective climate adaptation planning. Here we present a multidisciplinary case study from Santa Barbara, California (USA), to identify potential climate change-related tipping points for various coastal systems. This study integrates numerical and statistical models of the climate, ocean water levels, beach and cliff evolution, and two soft sediment ecosystems, sandy beaches and tidal wetlands. We find that tipping points for beaches and wetlands could be reached with just 0.25 m or less of SLR (~ 2050), with > 50% subsequent habitat loss that would degrade overall biodiversity and ecosystem function. In contrast, the largest projected changes in socioeconomic exposure to flooding for five communities in this region are not anticipated until SLR exceeds 0.75 m for daily flooding and 1.5 m for storm-driven flooding (~ 2100 or later). These changes are less acute relative to community totals and do not qualify as tipping points given the adaptive capacity of communities. Nonetheless, the natural and human built systems are interconnected such that the loss of natural system function could negatively impact the quality of life of residents and disrupt the local economy, resulting in indirect socioeconomic impacts long before built infrastructure is directly impacted by flooding.
A successful case of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19: walking home without oxygen supplementation

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is the strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19...
Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays and Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Background Coagulopathy in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs frequently and is associated with poor outcomes. Conventional coagulation assays (CCA) traditionally used to diagnose coagulopathy are often not time sensitive and do not assess complete hemostatic function. Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHA) including thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastography (ROTEM) provide a useful rapid and comprehensive point-of-care alternative for identifying coagulopathy, which is of significant consequence in TBI patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Methods A systematic review was performed in accordance with guidelines for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to identify studies comparing VHA to CCA in adult TBI patients. The following differences in outcomes were assessed based on ability to diagnose coagulopathy: mortality, need for neurosurgical intervention, and progression of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH). Results Abnormal R-time, MA, and K value were associated with increased mortality in certain studies but not all studies. This association was reflected across studies utilizing different statistical parameters with different outcome definitions. An abnormal R-time was the only VHA parameter found to be associated with the need for neurosurgical intervention in one study. An abnormal R time was also the only VHA parameter associated with progression of tICH. Overall, many studies also demonstrated abnormal CCAs, mainly activated partial thromboplastin time (aPPT) to be associated with poor outcomes. Conclusion Given the heterogenous nature of the available evidence including methodology and study outcomes, the comparative difference between VHA and CCA in predicting rates of neurosurgical intervention, tICH progression, or mortality in TBI patients remains inconclusive.
Modeling narrative discourse

This thesis describes new approaches to the formal modeling of narrative discourse. Although narratives of all kinds are ubiquitous in daily life, contemporary text processing techniques typically do not leverage the aspects that separate narrative from expository discourse. We describe two approaches to the problem. The first approach considers the conversational networks to be found in literary fiction as a key aspect of discourse coherence; by isolating and analyzing these networks, we are able to comment on longstanding literary theories. The second approach proposes a new set of discourse relations that are specific to narrative. By focusing on certain key aspects, such as agentive characters, goals, plans, beliefs, and time, these relations represent a theory-of-mind interpretation of a text. We show that these discourse relations are expressive, formal, robust, and through the use of a software system, amenable to corpus collection projects through the use of trained annotators. We have procured and released a collection of over 100 encodings, covering a set of fables as well as longer texts including literary fiction and epic poetry. We are able to inferentially find similarities and analogies between encoded stories based on the proposed relations, and an evaluation of this technique shows that human raters prefer such a measure of similarity to a more traditional one based on the semantic distances between story propositions.
THE FOLIC ACID CONTENT OF MILK: REVISED FIGURES BASED ON AN IMPROVED ASSAY METHOD.

Using an improved assay technique with ascorbate-protected L. casei, the folate content of various milk preparations was determined. There was much variation among the different milk preparations, but in all cases the values were much higher than those previously reported. Problems in the interpretation of these data and their clinical significance are discussed.
Forward Energy and Multiplicity in Au-Au reactions at sqrt{S}=130GeV

For relativistic heavy ion collisions the energy flow in the collision reveals information on the equation of state of matter at high density. The BRAHMS experiment has studied the relation between multipliciity in the sidewards direction and zero degree energy using our Tile Multiplicity Array and Zero Degree Calorimeters. To understand this spectrum requires a knowledge of the coalesence of nucleons that are close in phase space. We have also studied electromagnetic collisions and compared our results to lower energy data. As the center of mass energy increases, each nucleus sees a stronger electromagnetic field resulting in more energy being absorbed. This in turn causes an increase in the neutron multiplicity.
Value of Routine EEG in Autistic Patients w/ Stereotypic Behavioral Movements (I4-2.003)

OBJECTIVE: Whether one should also consider epileptic causes for staring spells and other abnormal behavioral phenomena in these children, and order screening EEGs, has been little studied. BACKGROUND: About 20-30 percent of patients diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorders develop epilepsy by the time they reach adulthood. Autistic patients show stereotypical behaviors such as repetitive movements, hyperactivity, and seen frequently, fixation on fine details of an image or parts of their environment that they prefer to see while tuning out other distracting stimuli, a staring phenomenon. DESIGN/METHODS: We evaluated 23 consecutive autistic patients, new to the practice of one of our pediatric neurologist in the years 2011-2012. The patients included both females (n = 5) and males (n = 18) between the ages of 3-19 years. One hour sleep-deprived EEGs were performed on all these patients. Frequent staring spells were cited as the main cause for an EEG in 18 of the patients, arm flapping in two, increased aggression in two and eye rolling in one. None of these patients had a prior history of epilepsy. RESULTS: Of the patients in the study, 16/18 (89%) patients w/ staring spells had normal EEGs, 2/18 (11%) had epileptiform activity (both with Benign Rolandic Epilepsy of Childhood pattern); all patients with other cited symptoms had normal EEGs. CONCLUSIONS: Routine EEG’s performed in this limited population of autistic patients with certain stereotypical behavior features, especially staring spells, reveals a low yield for epileptiform findings. With our current results, and considering that 1/3 of these patients ultimately go onto develop epilepsy, one should consider prolonged video EEG’s in these patients where suspicion for epileptiform activity still persists. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Nayyar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mirchandani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Spiegel has nothing to disclose.
“Everybody thinking differently”: K–12 is a leverage point

As a global community we are faced with many systemic problems. An analytical approach that has proven successful in the study of dynamic feedback systems is systems thinking and system dynamics modeling. If systems thinking and system dynamics have been successfully applied to many systemic problems, why are we not teaching this analytical method to our children? It might be suggested that system dynamics is too sophisticated—much too difficult for children to learn. This suggestion would be wrong. Systems thinking and system dynamics modeling concepts that have been successfully taught for 20 years to students in the U.S.A., ages 5–18 years, are presented, with highlights describing some of the lessons/activities used. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society