cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Patient Outcomes

Purpose: To examine the usefulness of three types of benchmarking for interpreting patient outcome data. Design: This study was part of a multiyear, multihospital longitudinal survey of 10 patient outcomes. The patient outcome used for this methodologic presentation was central line infections (CLI). The sample included eight hospitals in an integrated healthcare system, with a range in size from 144 to 861 beds. The unit of analysis for CLI was the number of line days, with the CLI rate defined as the number of infections per 1,000 patient-line days per month. Methods: Data on each outcome were collected at the unit level according to standardized protocols. Results were submitted via standardized electronic forms to a central data management center. Data for this presentation were analyzed using a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model. Results are presented for each hospital and the system as a whole. Findings: In comparison to published benchmarks, hospital performances were mixed with regard to CLI. Five of the 8 hospitals exceeded 2.2 infections per 1,000 patient-line days. When benchmarks were established for each hospital using 95% credible intervals, hospitals did reasonably well with only isolated months reaching or going beyond the benchmark limits. When the entire system was used to establish benchmarks with the 95% credible intervals, the hospitals that reached or exceeded the benchmark limits remained the same, but some hospitals had CLI rates more frequently in the upper 50% of the benchmarking limits. Conclusions: Benchmarking of quality indicators can be accomplished in a variety of ways as a means to quantify patient care and identify areas needing attention and improvement. Hospital-specific and system-wide benchmarks provide relevant feedback for improving performance at individual hospitals.
Vascular Access Complications Associated With Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation

drug-eluting stents for the treatment of ISR within the femoropopliteal segment at a single institution. Methods: Medical records of all patients at Scripps Clinic Torrey Pines treated for ISR with at least one drug eluting stent (Zilver PTX nitinol self-expanding stent, Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN) between 3/2013 until 9/2014 were reviewed. Patient demographics included age, Rutherford category, ABI, and associated comorbidities. Patient outcomes included stent patency, major adverse events, and survival. Results: Twenty-six patients with 29 ISR lesions were treated with a mean follow up of 11.2 ± 4.2 months. Before treatment, 93% of patients had Rutherford scores 3. At 6 months follow up, 90% of patients had Rutherford scores 1. Mean patient age was 75.8 ± 9.4. 53.8% of patients were females. The mean total lesion length was 154 mm. Procedural success was achieved in 100% of lesions with 2.2 ±1.4 stents placed per lesion. Primary patency was 93% at 6 months and 72% at 12 months. Two patients experienced major adverse events with amputation due to re-occlusion after 30 days. Conclusion: The treatment of ISR in the femoropopliteal segment with drug-eluting stents resulted in favorable outcomes in patency and clinical improvement.
The relationship of insulin to sex hormone-binding globulin: role of adiposity*

The role of adiposity in the relationship of insulin to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration was examined in 31 healthy premenopausal women of varying body weight. Fat mass was estimated by hydrostatic weighing. Concentrations of SHBG and testosterone (T) and cumulative insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test were measured. The cumulative insulin response was inversely related to SHBG (r = -0.56, P less than 0.01). The relationship between SHBG and cumulative insulin response remained significant (r = -0.47, P less than 0.01) after adjusting for fat mass and T. The fat mass correlated significantly with SHBG (r = -0.51, P less than 0.01). The relationship of SHBG to fat mass remained significant after adjusting for T (r = -0.45, P less than 0.01). However, the relationship between fat mass and SHBG was no longer significant (r = -0.34, P greater than 0.05) after adjusting for cumulative insulin response. Hyperinsulinemia may play an important role in the progressive reduction of SHBG observed with increasing adiposity.
The effect of wind variability and domain size in the Persian Gulf on predicting nearshore wave energy near Doha, Qatar

Abstract Wind-wave generation and propagation processes in the Persian Gulf during October and November 2010 were simulated with a third-generation numerical wave model. Several different numerical configurations were used, with output at an instrument pier near the Doha, Qatar coast used to examine the efficacy of these approaches. Three wind sources were used: two sets of wind hindcasts which span the extent of the Gulf; and 15-min averaged winds measured at the pier and distributed as a spatially constant wind field for the model. Domain size, and its nearshore effect, was examined by using three domains of varying sizes and resolutions. Boundary conditions from nesting between larger and smaller domains were also varied to determine how incoming wave conditions from larger domains located further offshore can affect nearshore wave conditions. The effect of wind field, boundary conditions and domain size were quantified by examining the histograms, correlation coefficient, and root-means-square differences, of various parameters (significant wave height, wave height due to swells, peak period, and mean approach direction) for each wave condition at the site. It is determined that significant wave heights at the pier are strongly dependent on the wind fields used and also have some dependence on the use of boundary conditions, while nearshore peak periods are very dependent on the use of boundary conditions. Furthermore, the distribution of wave mean angles tends to be narrower for cases in which hindcast winds and boundary conditions were used. These results are consistent with the sporadic appearance of a strong, unidirectional wind field over the Persian Gulf basin.
On the Desirability of Publishing Classified Bibliographies of the Mathematics Literature

Having been engaged now in mathematical research for 60 years, I find that certain crying needs stand out very clearly as to the things required by research mathematicians in order to produce and publish more articles, particularly original ones. To my mind, first among these needs is the preparation and publication of bibliographies classified according to topics of all branches in pure and applied mathematics. Accordingly, this paper will be devoted to this topic and will be divided into two parts. The first part will consist of a discussion of a bibliography of the Theory of Numbers either with reports, as a continuation of Dickson's History of the Theory of Numbers, or a preparation of a bibliography consisting of titles only without reports, covering the literature since the year 1923. The second part will consist mainly of consideration of the advisability of publishing bibliographies of the various parts of mathematics without reviews. First, we shall illustrate the kind of thing which mars a number of papers in number theory that appear at the present time, and probably we might note a great many more marred in a similar way if we knew more about the history of the topic being discussed. Some years ago two great mathematicians (whom we shall call X and Y) published an article. In their introduction they summarized, without reference, two results as being the principal ones being proved in their paper. One of these results was published without proof by a mathematician some 90 years before. The other result was stated and proved in full some 20 years before, by another mathematician. If I had written X and Y, or published a paper describing their derelictions, they could have replied that a paper of mine, which I published in 1944, contained a result and proof which was 109 years old. How can such duplications be avoided? A number of mathematicians have expressed the hope that Dickson's History be brought up to date. Before doing so, it might be well to examine in detail some of the salient features of the book with a view to preserving them in the proposed extension. As far as I am concerned, I cannot do better than to quote something by Dickson himself (preface to Volume II):
AN EVALUATION OF EXTREME WAVE CLIMATE AT KEAHOLE POINT, HAWAII

An evaluation of extreme wave climate was made for Keahole Point, Hawaii. This evaluation was based on three separate sources of wave data and five methods of statistical evaluations. The three sources of data include (1) wave hindcasts data of 10 severe storms between 1947- 1961 by Marine Advisors (1963), (2) wave hindcast data of 11 severe storms between 1947-1965 by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District, and (3) shipboard wave observations of the U.S. Navy reports. Figure 5 shows SSMO area No. 1 for south and southwest of the islands and SSMO areas Nos. 2 and 3 for north of the islands. The five methods of statistical extrapolations for extreme events include: (1) Gumbel's (1958) first asymptotic distribution, (2) Weibull distribution (1961), and (3,4,&5) semilog, log normal and normal distributions. The three most widely used distribution functions are: (1) Gumbel's (1958), (2) log normal (see Jasper, 1956), and (3) Weibull (1961), given in order as to the author's preference. The statistical extrapolations for Keahole Point, Hawaii, are given in Table 9 and Figure 9. Only Gumbel's (1958) distribution was applied to the north shore as shown in Table 8. Based on Gumbel's distribution function, the results of the wave hindcasts statistics on the average (50 year recurrence interval) indicate that (1) the Marine Advisors (1963) wave hindcasts are about 25 percent higher than the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers wave hindcasts and (2) the U.S. Navy SSMO observations and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers wave hindcasts are in closest agreement. Shipboard wave observations have always been subjected to questions. However, various authors have correlated instrumentally measured and observed wave observations. A summary of these correlations are given in Table 6. No correction was made to the statistical analysis of the SSMO data.
METHODS FOR IN SITU SIMS MICROANALYSIS OF BORON AND ITS ISOTOPES IN PALAGONITE

Author(s): Pauly, BD; Williams, LB; Hervig, RL; Schiffman, P; Zierenberg, RA | Abstract: Boron has been shown to be a useful trace element in clay-mineralization reactions, raising the possibility that B studies may provide a means to investigate environmental controls on palagonitization. The objective of the present study was to address calibration, matrix effects, and B exchangeability issues such that meaningful secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) microanalysis of B in thin sections of palagonite will be feasible. Silver Hill illite (IMt-1) was found to be a suitable calibration reference material, based on compositional similarity, relatively high B content, and ease of mounting on thin-section samples for SIMS microanalysis. Matrix effects of borated sideromelane and illite were compared and found to be similar, confirming previous studies which showed no matrix effects for B among minerals. Boron substitutes for Si in tetrahedral sites and also can be adsorbed in exchangeable sites of 2:1 clay minerals. Similarly, B can be found in tetrahedral and exchangeable sites within palagonite, which consists of both layered and amorphous volumes. In order to measure tetrahedral B content and isotopic ratio in the palagonite, exchangeable B was removed by soaking sample thin sections in a 1 M NH4Cl solution until exchangeable cation concentrations were constant. Treated samples showed decreases in B content and isotopic ratio with exchange. Extraction of exchangeable B permits the direct measurement of tetrahedral B content and isotopic ratio. The exchange technique devised and tested here should have broad applicability to thin-section microanalysis of B in clay and clay-like materials where cation exchange can be used for surface-analytical techniques. The present study represents an initial attempt to address sample-preparation, calibration, and potential matrix-effects problems for analyses by SIMS. Further refinements may improve the accuracy of the measurements, but the results presented here indicate that meaningful measurements are possible.
Overcome Resistance To Critical Thinking Through Writing

There is considerable evidence that many undergraduates show little improvement in critical thinking, complex reasoning, and written communication after four years of college. The findings are especially unfavorable for business majors. Calls for more rigor seldom address student and faculty resistance. After an overview of factors that may contribute to declining student performance, I discuss the literature related to student and faculty resistance and propose strategies to overcome resistance through the use of vignettes in a critical thinking through writing course designed for management majors.
Comparative Fine Structure of the Eggs of Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae, bahamensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Complete descriptions, including details of the micropylar apparatus and outer chorion at the anterior and posterior poles and on the dorsal surface, are given for the eggs of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse and Ae. (S.)aegypti (L.). The egg of Ae. (Howardina) bahamensis Berlin, the first of this subgenus to be examined with the electron microscope, is described for the first time. Certain characters may be useful for differentiating eggs of these three species under a stereomicroscope. The substantially greater egg length in Ae. bahamensis alone separates it from the other two species, at least in the laboratory populations studied. The micropylar collar in Ae. aegypti clearly differentiates it from the other two. Further examination of mixed groups of eggs is needed to determine whether fine structural differences in the outer chorion can be correlated with consistent differences in the stereomicroscopic image.
Structural Edge Detection for Cardiovascular Modeling

Computational simulations provide detailed hemodynamics and physiological data that can assist in clinical decision-making. However, accurate cardiovascular simulations require complete 3D models constructed from image data. Though edge localization is a key aspect in pinpointing vessel walls in many segmentation tools, the edge detection algorithms widely utilized by the medical imaging community have remained static. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to medical image edge detection by adopting the powerful structured forest detector and extending its application to the medical imaging domain. First, we specify an effective set of medical imaging driven features. Second, we directly incorporate an adaptive prior to create a robust three-dimensional edge classifier. Last, we boost our accuracy through an intelligent sampling scheme that only samples areas of importance to edge fidelity. Through experimentation, we demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms widely used edge detectors and probabilistic boosting tree edge classifiers and is robust to error in a prori information.
Single-subject Designs: Methodology

The central aim of the present chapter is to review (a) the conceptual basis and rationale guiding the use of single-subject designs in experimental and applied contexts and (b) the advantages, disadvantages, and flexible application of the main varieties of single-subject design strategies. In doing so, emphasis will be placed on the value of a single-subject design approach for scientists and practitioners alike, particularly as a means to meet the joint pragmatic goals of prediction and control, and hence scientific understanding and increased accountability.
Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction in the Shy-Drager Syndrome

AbstractThe Shy-Drager syndrome is a neurological syndrome associated with orthostatic hypotension and mixed symptoms of urinary incontinence and retention. We studied 3 patients with synchronous pressure flow electromyography-cystourethrography followed by urethral pressure profilometry. The 3 patients had detrusor instability and micturition reflex failed to develop. Treatment modalities are suggested.
A Brief History of Imagining Life on Other Worlds

When news about the weird behavior of KIC 8462852 broke, the Internet quickly was buzzing with discussions of alien civilizations and blogs about what it all might mean. METI International, an organization that supports Active SETI or intentional messaging to possible alien civilizations, published a couple of blogs, including one where I argued that the meaningfulness of finding another civilization is open to question, given how far away it’s likely to be. Interest waned a bit when scientists decided that it was probably just a large swarm of comets, but then in January of 2016 we learned that the comet hypothesis didn’t work very well, so the idea of aliens again rose to the surface with article titles like, “Remember that weird star KIC 8462852? Yeah, it’s probably aliens,” that appeared on hotair.com (an appropriate name if there ever was one) on 24 January 2016. Of course, no scientist worth anything at this point would argue that it’s probably aliens, but the media always love the idea of little green men from Alpha Centauri.
Computational and experimental evaluation of α-(N-2-quinolonyl)ketones: a new class of nonbiaryl atropisomers

Abstract Given the usefulness of atropisomers within both asymmetric catalysis and pharmaceuticals, a thorough computational study of substituted α-(N-2-quinolonyl)ketones has been conducted. This class of tertiary amides is unique, as the amide is embedded within an aromatic construct, and the nitrogen bears an aliphatic substituent. Using a computational approach, 8′-substituted quinolones were identified as potential class 2 and 3 atropisomeric targets with calculated C–N rotational barriers of greater than 20 kcal/mol. These results, along with experimental efforts toward the synthesis of these targets, are reported.
Thomson Reuters and the FEIII Challenge

In this paper, we describe the approach to the FEIII Challenge taken by an inter-departmental team at Thomson Reuters along with interns from MIT.
Use of differential scanning calorimetry to study phase behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures in nano-scale porous media

Abstract The phase behavior of petroleum fluids is a challenging problem in shale oil and gas production. Due to strong surface-fluid interactions and complex pore geometries in shale nanopores, PVT properties of fluids in shale are altered from those of conventional reservoirs and cannot be described by bulk-phase thermodynamics. To our best knowledge, the experimental data for hydrocarbon phase behavior in shale systems is severely absent. The experimental difficulty lies in introducing the nanoporous environment and finding an effective technique to study the fluid-nanoporous media system. In this work, we investigate the phase change of mixtures of hydrocarbons in nano-scale capillaries using a thermal laboratory technique, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which probes the thermal properties by measuring the heat exchange evolution of a sample during a temperature ramp. Porous media controlled-pore glasses (CPGs) are applied to model the nano-porous structure of shale reservoirs. CPGs (pore diameters 4.1 and 37.9 nm) infiltrated with hydrocarbons (octane and decane binary mixtures) are subjected to DSC. It is observed that at 37.9 nm the bubble point shift is negligible, but at 4.1 nm two distinct vaporization incidents occur with deviations as great as ∖xB120 K relative to the bulk. The unusual observation of bubble points for mixtures in 4.1 nm pores suggests compositional heterogeneity in the nanopore. The bubble point is modeled using Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) with the capillary pressure considered. The flash calculation is performed based on isofugacity and an interfacial tension model is accommodated. The modeling gives an exaggerated bubble point temperature shift and does not match the experimental results. This suggests the poor accuracy of the PR EOS/capillary pressure model in describing the behavior of nanoconfined fluid mixtures.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Clusters in Families of Healthy Individuals

Within the past decade it has been established that the Helicobacter pylori organism is the most common cause of chronic gastritis and H. pylori gastritis is strongly linked to peptic ulcer disease [6]. The epidemiology of H. pylori infection is beginning to be understood, but the data concerning possible reservoirs and transmission are scanty [1–3, 5, 7–9,11–18]. Several studies have investigated the parents and siblings of children with symptomatic H. pylori infection and have reported a higher frequency of H. pylori infection among families of infected symptomatic children than among controls [3, 16]. The focus of our studies has been to attempt to avoid the bias associated with patient-based studies and to perform traditional epidemiologic studies in the healthy population. In this study, we investigated whether there was clustering of H. pylori infection within family units of healthy volunteers. We defined the status of the family on the basis of the results of H. pylori status in an index parent. We found that H. pylori infection was strikingly more frequent in the spouse and children of families in whom the index parent was infected, suggesting that person-to-person transmission or common source infection occurs frequently.
Evil and roboethics in management studies

In this article, I address the issue of evil and roboethics in the context of management studies and suggest that management scholars should locate evil in the realm of the human rather than of the artificial. After discussing the possibility of addressing the reality of evil machines in ontological terms, I explore users’ reaction to robots in a social context. I conclude that the issue of evil machines in management is more precisely a case of technology anthropomorphization.
Chapter 6 – Essentials of Bone Biology: Assessment of Bone Architecture

Publisher Summary Improvements in imaging technology and image processing techniques have made it possible to extend clinical osteoporosis research beyond bone mineral density into indices of bone structure. These techniques range from estimates made on relatively crude imaging technologies, such as DXA and radiographic imaging, to more sophisticated approaches based on images from volumetric CT acquisitions. These measures range from estimates of sectional strength estimates from cross-sections through the femoral neck and indices of apparent cortical thickness and volume, to finite element modeling methods which take into account the full 3D information on the bone geometry and material properties to estimate the whole bone strength. Although the resolution of CT scanners has improved greatly due to the introduction of multidetector systems, the images are still not of sufficient quality directly to assess trabecular microstructure and cortical thickness. To this end, microCT has become available for high-resolution scanning of bone specimens and live animals and high-resolution devices such as the XtremeCT HR-PQCT device have been developed for estimates of trabecular texture and cortical structure at peripheral skeletal sites.
Ultralong single-crystal metallic Ni2Si nanowires with low resistivity.

Ultralong, single-crystal Ni2Si nanowires sheathed with amorphous silicon oxide were synthesized on a large scale by a chemical vapor transport (CVT) method, using iodine as the transport reagent and Ni2Si powder as the source material. Structural characterization using powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy shows that the nanowires have Ni2Si−SiOx core−shell structure with single-crystal Ni2Si core and amorphous silicon oxide shell. The oxide shell is electrically insulating and can be removed by HF etching. Four-terminal electrical measurements show that the single-crystal nanowire has extremely low resistivity of 21 μΩ·cm and is capable of supporting remarkably high failure current density >108 A/cm2. These unique Ni2Si nanowires are very attractive nanoscale building blocks for interconnects and fully silicided (FUSI) gate applications in nanoelectronics.
Time-Based Return to Play: The MOON Experience

The Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) is a prospective outcome cohort for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with over 3500 patients and 40 publications. This chapter reviews the evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines which are standardized among patients in MOON. It discusses football-specific return-to-play findings from the MOON study. Finally it discusses general outcomes of football players in the MOON group after ACLR.
Correlation effects on Λ propagation in nuclear matter

The propagation of a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ hyperon in nuclear matter is studied within the Green's function formalism. The probability density for adding a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ hyperon with momentum $k$ to the correlated nuclear matter ground state is obtained from the complete energy dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ self-energy. This self-energy incorporates the effects of short-range correlations induced by the hyperon-nucleon interaction and the strong coupling between $\ensuremath{\Lambda}N$ and $\ensuremath{\Sigma}N$ states which is known to be crucial for a correct determination of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ binding energy. The calculated spectral functions and quasi-particle parameters for the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ are found to be qualitatively similar to corresponding results for correlated nucleons. In general, the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ is less strongly correlated with the nuclear matter environment at ${k}_{F}=1.36\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ than a nucleon, in agreement with empirical information from finite nuclei.
Sectioning-Based ADMM Imaging for Fast Node Communication With a Compressive Antenna

In this letter, a novel norm-1 regularized imaging technique, based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, is presented. This technique divides the sensing matrix of the imaging system in submatrices by columns. This method is capable of imaging metallic targets with a reduced amount of measurements, by sectioning the imaging domain into several regions and optimizing them individually in different nodes. This technique reduces the amount of information to be shared among the nodes, compared to the consensus ADMM that divides the sensing matrix into submatrices by rows. This makes the communication among the nodes faster for large imaging domains that need to be distributed into several computational nodes of a cluster. A compressive reflector antenna (CRA) has been recently proposed as a low cost hardware to provide high sensing capacity. The use of the columnwise division ADMM algorithm in combination with the imaging capabilities of the CRA allows a distributed and quasi-real-time imaging, while reducing the communications among the computational nodes.
Successful utilization of the EMR in a multiple sclerosis clinic to support quality improvement and research initiatives at the point of care.

BackgroundMany physicians enter data into the electronic medical record (EMR) as unstructured free text and not as discrete data, making it challenging to use for quality improvement or research in...
In vitro subcellular characterization of flunixin liver metabolism in heifers, steers, and cows.

Abstract The majority of cattle found to have violative liver residues of flunixin (FNX) in the United States are dairy cows. It has been hypothesized that illness of cows decreases the rate of FNX metabolism, resulting in violative residues at slaughter. Another contributing factor might be an age-related decrease in FNX metabolism, as dairy cull cows are typically older at slaughter than cattle raised for beef, rather than milk production. In order to investigate this possibility, subcellular fractions were prepared from liver slices from steers (n = 6) and heifers (n = 5) 48 mos of age. Cytochrome P450 (P450), NADPH-P450 reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity and rate of 5-hydroxy FNX (5-OH FNX) formation were measured in liver homogenate, cytosolic, microsomal, and S9 fractions. Cows had lower concentrations of P450, NADPH-P450 reductase activity, and 5-OH FNX formation (P ≤ 0. 02), supporting the theory that advanced age may contribute to the higher incidence of violative FNX residues in dairy cows.
Dehydrative Glycosylation with Activated Diphenyl Sulfonium Reagents. Scope, Mode of C(1)-Hemiacetal Activation, and Detection of Reactive Glycosyl Intermediates

The development of a method for direct dehydrative glycosylations with 1-hydroxyglycosyl donors employing the reagent combination of triflic anhydride and diphenyl sulfoxide is described. The one-pot coupling method is a facile process which is applicable to a variety of carbohydrate coupling partners. Oxygen-18-labeling studies are consistent with the first step in carbohydrate activation being the formation of an anomeric oxosulfonium intermediate. This reactive glycosyl species (35) is observable in low-temperature NMR experiments when 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-mannopyranose is activated as the glycosyl donor. When the dehydrative glycosylation reaction is performed in the presence of the triflic acid scavenger 2-chloropyridine, NMR analysis reveals that the glycosyl oxosulfonium intermediate 35 is converted to the corresponding anomeric 2-chloropyridinium species 36.
New Evidence for Third Harmonic Electromagnetic Radiation in Interplanetary Type III Solar Radio Bursts

This article provides new evidence for a third harmonic component in the electromagnetic radiation generated by interplanetary type III solar radio bursts observed locally near 1 AU. This evidence comes mainly from the analysis of the low-frequency radio emissions observed by the Wind spacecraft. The analysis examines, at high-time and high-frequency resolution, the local type III radiation that is occasionally observed at Wind. The associated Langmuir waves and energetic electron beams, as well as simultaneous observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and Ulysses spacecraft where possible, are used to confirm the local nature of the observed radiation and to help identify the solar origin. We find that the detection of a third harmonic component in the local type III radiation near 1 AU is exceedingly rare. However, our analyses indicate that, in addition to the more commonly observed second harmonic component, a third harmonic component is sometimes conspicuously evident in the local type III radiation. We find that the third harmonic component, when observed, is less intense than the second harmonic component, with the intensity ratio varying between 0.3 and 0.7. Sometimes the third harmonic component is expected to be detected, but it is not observed.
Functional Aspects of Paracentral Vision

Publisher Summary In the paracentral visual field, the area receptor density to overall ganglion cell density is constant; however, the composition of the ganglion cell population changes. In several disorders, early visual defects appear off fixation and are detected by so-called visual field measures. Often enough, however, routine visual field tests are insensitive to paracentral losses. Whether it is because of the fact that visual field studies employ broad-band stimuli or because they preferentially address only parvocellular mechanisms (as in acuity perimetry) is not known. This chapter discusses the psychophysical responses and evoked electrophysiological responses to targets presented at various eccentric positions. It presents visual evoked potential studies (VEPs) obtained using different spatial frequencies and transient stimulation. There is an apparent multiplicity of detectors in the paracentral field. It is beginning to emerge that sensitivity changes with spatial frequency and spatial summation with eccentricity may not simply scale in determining the response in the paracentral visual field.
1817 is Paracervical Block Useful to Decrease Pain During in Office

Study Objective To determine if paracervical block significantly decreases pain during in-office hysteroscopy. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Gynecologic in-office procedure room in an academic medical center. Patients or Participants Patient undergoing in office hysteroscopy. Interventions In office hysteroscopy was performed using a STORZ Bettocchi hysteroscope with continuous flow using a 5 mm external sheet and a 30o 2.9 mm optic. All the procedures were performed by the same physician. Measurements and Main Results 50 patient's charts were reviewed, 21 received a paracervical block and 29 did not receive any local anesthesia. Of the 21 that received the block, mean age was 46.1 years, 27.6% were nulliparous, 24.1% were postmenopausal. Of the 29 patients who received no local anesthesia, mean age was 46.9 years (p=0.783), 48.3% were nulliparous, 27.6% were postmenopausal. In both groups, the most common reasons for hysteroscopy were abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Pain was recorded for all patients immediately after finalizing the procedure using a Likert-like scale from 1 to 10. The average pain score for the patients who received the paracervical block was 3.48 compared to 4.07 in those not having the block (p=0.348). Neither obesity nor nulliparity were found to be associated with increased pain, however postmenopausal women overall were found to have higher reported pain (p=0.013.). If given a paracervical block, mean pain in postmenopausal women was 4.29 compared to 6.00 without block (p=.215.). Conclusion Hysteroscopy as a safe and relatively low pain procedure. Local anesthetic in the form of a paracervical block has been used historically to decrease pain during the procedure. Paracervical block does not significantly decrease pain during procedure, even in menopausal women who were found to have higher pain scales on average. Therefore, future studies should further investigate strategies to decrease pain during office hysteroscopy especially for postmenopausal women.
Masquerading Behind a Facade of National Security

In 1944, the Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States upheld President Roosevelt’s executive order initiating the mass removal and incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans on falsified claims of group disloyalty. In the ensuing decades, some courts and scholars have cited Korematsu as precedent for extreme judicial deference when reviewing sweeping restrictions of civil liberties defended as national security measures. In sharp contrast, others have highlighted the World War II-era decision as a cautionary tale about the harm to vulnerable minorities and the damage to American democracy that can occur when the judiciary abandons its role as a guardian of fundamental liberties. To these commentators, Korematsu’s principle of exceeding judicial passivity is a “loaded weapon,” ready for the hands of future overzealous or unscrupulous government leaders. Seventy-five years later, Korematsu remains startlingly significant, especially after the Supreme Court’s 2018 ruling in Trump v. Hawaii that repudiated a key part of Korematsu (mass racial incarceration) while replicating another key part (extreme judicial deference). This significance is highlighted by a pressing question for a constitutional democracy both concerned about national security and committed to the rule of law: what will happen when those detained, harassed, or discriminated against in the name of national security turn to the courts for legal protection? This Essay refracts this question through the lens of Korematsu and its 1984 coram nobis reopening, examining how courts will — and should — respond to the dual needs to promote national security and protect fundamental democratic liberties.
Collaborative Action Research In Academic Administration

This research involved a study exploring the changes in an academic institution expressed through decision-making in a shifting leadership culture. Prior to the study, the school was heavily entrenched in authoritarian and centralized decision-making, but as upper-level administrators were exposed to the concept of collaborative action research, they began making decisions through a reflection and action process. Changing assumptions and attitudes were observed and recorded through interviews at the end of the research period. The research team engaged in sixteen weekly cycles of reflection and action based on an agenda they mutually agreed to and through an analysis of post-research interviews, weekly planning meetings, discussions, and reflection and action cycles. Findings revealed experiences centering around the issues of:  The nature of collaboration- it created discomfort, it created a sense of teamwork, it created difficulty.  The change of environment in the process- team members began to respect each other more, and the process became more enjoyable.  The freedom and change in the process- freedom to voice opinions and to actively listen, the use of experience to lead elsewhere in the school.  How issues of power are better understood by working together- the former process was less collaborative, politics will always be part of the process. As a result of this study, members have started using this decision-making methodology in other areas of administration.
Development and validation of a predictive index of elder self-neglect risk among a Chinese population

Objective: To develop a predictive index that estimates the individual risk of incident self-neglect onset among the US Chinese older adults.Methods: The study used two waves of longitudinal data f...
Training and Using the Deep Learning Wavefront Sensor

We propose an Adaptive Optics system controlled by a Slow Deep Learning Wavefront Sensor architecture that can predict and correct the first Zernike modes of low refresh frequency atmospheric effects to anticipate the AO in astronomical observations.
Improved online LC-MS/MS identification of O-glycosites by EThcD fragmentation, chemoenzymatic reaction, and SPE enrichment

O-glycosylation is a highly diverse and complex form of protein post-translational modification. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the transfer of N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) to the hydroxyl group of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues through catalysis by a family of glycosyltransferases, the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (E.C. 2.4.1.41) that are conserved across metazoans. In the last decade, structural characterization of glycosylation has substantially advanced due to the development of analytical methods and advances in mass spectrometry. However, O-glycosite mapping remains challenging since mucin-type O-glycans are densely packed, often protecting proteins from cleavage by proteases. Adding to the complexity is the fact that a given glycosite can be modified by different glycans, resulting in an array of glycoforms rising from one glycosite. In this study, we investigated conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) enrichment, protease digestion, and Electron-transfer/Higher Energy Collision Dissociation (EThcD) fragmentation to optimize identification of O-glycosites in densely glycosylated proteins. Our results revealed that anion-exchange stationary phase is sufficient for glycopeptide enrichment; however, the use of a hydrophobic-containing sorbent was detrimental to the binding of polar-hydrophilic glycopeptides. Different proteases can be employed for enhancing coverage of O-glycosites, while derivatization of negatively charged amino acids or sialic acids would enhance the identification of a short O-glycopeptides. Using a longer than normal electron transfer dissociation (ETD) reaction time, we obtained enhanced coverage of peptide bonds that facilitated the localization of O-glycosites. O-glycosite mapping strategy via proteases, cut-off filtration and solid-phase chemoenzymatic processing. Glycopeptides are enriched by SPE column, followed by release of N-glycans, collection of higher MW O-glycopeptides via MW cut-off filter, O-glycopeptide release via O-protease, and finally detected by LC-MS/MS using EThcD.
COVID-19’s Socioeconomic Impact on Low-Income Benefit Recipients: Early Evidence from Tracking Surveys:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced manifold dislocations in Americans’ lives. Using novel survey data samples of Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) reci...
Fact vs. Opinion: the Role of Argumentation Features in News Classification.

A 2018 study led by the Media Insight Project showed that most journalists think that a clearmarking of what is news reporting and what is commentary or opinion (e.g., editorial, op-ed)is essential for gaining public trust. We present an approach to classify news articles into newsstories (i.e., reporting of factual information) and opinion pieces using models that aim to sup-plement the article content representation with argumentation features. Our hypothesis is thatthe nature of argumentative discourse is important in distinguishing between news stories andopinion articles. We show that argumentation features outperform linguistic features used previ-ously and improve on fine-tuned transformer-based models when tested on data from publishersunseen in training. Automatically flagging opinion pieces vs. news stories can aid applicationssuch as fact-checking or event extraction.
Vestibular Precision at the Level of Perception, Eye Movements, Posture, and Neurons.

Abstract Precision and accuracy are two fundamental properties of any system, including the nervous system. Reduced precision (i.e., imprecision) results from the presence of neural noise at each level of sensory, motor, and perceptual processing. This review has three objectives: (1) to show the importance of studying vestibular precision, and specifically that studying accuracy without studying precision ignores fundamental aspects of the vestibular system; (2) to synthesize key hypotheses about precision in vestibular perception, the vestibulo-ocular reflex, posture, and neurons; and (3) to show that groups of studies that are thoughts to be distinct (e.g., perceptual thresholds, subjective visual vertical variability, neuronal variability) are actually “two sides of the same coin” – because the methods used allow results to be related to the standard deviation of a Gaussian distribution describing the underlying neural noise. Vestibular precision varies with age, stimulus amplitude, stimulus frequency, body orientation, motion direction, pathology, medication, and electrical/mechanical vestibular stimulation, but does not vary with sex. The brain optimizes precision during integration of vestibular cues with visual, auditory, and/or somatosensory cues. Since a common concern with precision metrics is time required for testing, we describe approaches to optimize data collection and provide evidence that fatigue and session effects are minimal. Finally, we summarize how precision is an individual trait that is correlated with clinical outcomes in patients as well as with performance in functional tasks like balance. These findings highlight the importance of studying vestibular precision and accuracy, and that knowledge gaps remain.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning cockroach exposure among caregivers of children with asthma.

Background Cockroach allergen is one of the most important asthma triggers for children. There is an extensive body of research on interventions to reduce exposure. However, adherence to these interventions is low. Insight into the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) associated with cockroach remediation is needed. We assessed KAP using the Health Beliefs Model (HBM) as a framework for predicting behavior. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic and psycho-social characteristics associated with cockroach KAP and to quantify the relationship between KAP and number of cockroaches in the home. Methods To identify factors associated with cockroach KAP a cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to caregivers of children with asthma in New Orleans, Louisiana. Positive scores in each metric of the KAP signified better cockroach knowledge, increased concern about cockroaches' impact on health (attitudes), and participation in recommended cockroach remediation practices (practices). To evaluate cockroach KAP scores as a predictor of cockroach exposure in the home, a cohort study was conducted among a sub-sample of participants. Results Fifty-six caregivers participated in the study. Participants had positive scores on all subscales of KAP with knowledge having a lower score compared to attitudes and practices. Cockroach knowledge was inversely correlated with age at asthma diagnosis (ρ = - 0.36, p = 0.01). Caregivers identifying as black/African American had higher cockroach knowledge scores compared to other races (Median: 6.0 v 3.0; p = 0.05). Caregivers other than mothers had higher cockroach attitude scores (Median 6.5 v 4.0; p = 0.003) and total KAP scores (Median 18.0 v 14.0; p = 0.05). Twenty-six participants completed the cohort study. Cockroach exposure was not significantly associated with higher cockroach knowledge, cockroach practice, or total KAP score. For attitude scores, participants in the highest quartile had significantly lower exposure (β: -1.96, 95% CI: - 3.50 - 0.42) compared to those in the lowest quartile (p = 0.01). Conclusions Different socio-demographic and psycho-social factors were associated with the components of cockroach KAP. Greater concern about cockroaches (attitude) was significantly associated with reduced cockroach exposure. This highlights the importance of identifying the key elements of caregiver KAP to improve cockroach remediation among caregivers of children with asthma.
Studies on the physical properties of green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles using Melia dubia leaf extract

Abstract Cerium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis method using Melia dubia leaves extract. The synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles were characterized by powder X ray diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy to investigate the structural and optical properties respectively. The obtained powder X- ray diffraction data and Raman Spectrum confirmed that the prepared samples are nanocrystalline in nature and belong to cubic crystal structure. Optical absorbance was studied from the diffuse reflectance spectra and it showed that the nanoparticles are opaque in the ultraviolet light region. The dielectric characteristics of the nanoparticles were recorded, where the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor were observed to increase with increase in frequency and temperature. The AC conductivity of the prepared sample was analyzed as a function of frequency at different temperatures and the activation energy for conduction was determined.
Harmonizing climate-smart and sustainable agriculture

Developing new modelling tools to support better design of climate change adaptation strategies offers an opportunity to harmonize crop production, climate change mitigation and environmental sustainability.
The Challenge of Long-term Stability for Nucleic Acid-based Electrochemical Sensors

Abstract Nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors are a versatile technology enabling affinity-based detection of a great variety of molecular targets, regardless of inherent electrochemical activity or enzymatic reactivity. Additionally, their modular interface and ease of fabrication enable rapid prototyping and sensor development. However, the technology has inhibiting limitations in terms of long-term stability that have precluded translation into clinically valuable platforms like continuous molecular monitors. In this opinion, we discuss published methods to address various aspects of sensor stability, including thiol-based monolayers and anti-biofouling capabilities. We hope the highlighted works will motivate the field to develop innovative strategies for extending the long-term operational life of nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors.